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J. P. Thuminad

2026-05-08T01:12:10Z

JudyK9023223: Added New Data - done

{{Short description|Indian film director, writer, and actor}}

{{Infobox person
| name = J. P. Thuminad
| image =
| caption = JP Thuminad in 2025
| birth_date = {{Birth date|year=1980|month=1|day=1}} 
| birth_place = [[Manjeshwar]], [[Kasargod district|Kasaragod]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|Film director|writer|actor}}
| years_active = 2017–present
| notable_works = ''[[Su From So]]'' (2025)
| spouse = {{marriage|Rashmika|5 May 2026}}
}}

'''Jaya Prakash Thuminad''' popularly known as '''J. P. Thuminad''' is an Indian film director, writer, and actor known for his work in [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] and [[Tulu cinema|Tulu]] films.<ref>{{Cite web|title=JP Thuminad: My entire idea of cinema changed after joining Raj B Shetty|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Jul/25/kannadainterviews2025jul23jp-thuminad-my-entire-idea-of-cinema-changed-after-joining-raj-b-shetty|website=The New Indian Express|date=2025-07-25|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en|first=A.|last=Sharadhaa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=J.P. Tuminadu {{!}} Actor, Director, Writer|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm15401848/|website=IMDb|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en-US}}</ref> He is best known for his directorial debut in the 2025 film ''[[Su From So]]'', a supernatural [[Comedy drama|comedy-drama]] that gained both critical acclaim and commercial success.<ref>{{Cite news|title=I hope Su From So inspires every small filmmaker to dream big: JP Thuminad|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/i-hope-su-from-so-inspires-every-small-filmmaker-to-dream-big-jp-thuminad/articleshow/123482319.cms|work=The Times of India|date=2025-08-25|access-date=2025-12-01|issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Early life and background ==
J. P. Thuminad was born in the coastal village of Manjeshwara, located in the [[Kasaragod]] district of Kerala.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ഈ മംഗളൂരു പയ്യൻ പറക്കും തളിക ഫാൻ; സു ഫ്രം സോ ഒരുക്കിയ ജെ.പി.തുമിനാട് പറയുന്നു|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/interview/2025/08/24/jp-tuminad-interview.html|website=ഈ മംഗളൂരു പയ്യൻ പറക്കും തളിക ഫാൻ; സു ഫ്രം സോ ഒരുക്കിയ ജെ.പി.തുമിനാട് പറയുന്നു|access-date=2025-12-01|language=ml}}</ref> Thuminad initially worked as a painter in the construction industry, and later became theatre artist.<ref>{{Cite web|title=5 കോടി ബജറ്റിൽ ഒരു കുഞ്ഞുപടം, വാരിക്കൂട്ടിയത് നൂറുകോടി; 'ഹാപ്പി മൂഡിൽ' ജെ.പി. തുമിനാട്|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/su-from-so-kannada-horror-comedy-film-jp-thuminad-792e44e2|website=@mathrubhumi|date=2025-08-31|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en}}</ref>

== Theatre beginnings and early career ==
Thuminad started his acting career in the theatre, where he became part of many local productions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=JP Thuminad: My entire idea of cinema changed after joining Raj B Shetty|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2025/Jul/23/jp-thuminad-my-entire-idea-of-cinema-changed-after-joining-raj-b-shetty|website=Cinema Express|date=2025-07-23|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en|first=A.|last=Sharadhaa}}</ref> Thuminad made his acting debut in the 2017 Kannada film ''Ondu Motteya Kathe'', directed by [[Raj B. Shetty]].

== Career in cinema ==

=== Directorial debut ===
Thuminad made his directorial debut with the film ''[[Su From So]]'' in 2025. The movie is a mix of elements of horror-comedy combined with social commentary, focusing on village life and folklore.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Su From So' OTT release: Viewers call JP Thuminad's film laugh riot or humorless chaos; Twitter reviews out|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/su-from-so-ott-release-viewers-call-jp-thuminads-film-laugh-riot-or-humorless-chaos-twitter-reviews-out/articleshow/123798707.cms|work=The Times of India|date=2025-09-10|access-date=2025-12-01|issn=0971-8257}}</ref> For this film, Thuminad chose many actors from local theatre groups, to bring authenticity and naturalism to their performances.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Su From So breaks the star-ticket mould, crosses ₹36 crore gross and 1 million ticket sales on BMS|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Aug/04/kannadanews2025aug04su-from-so-breaks-the-star-ticket-mould-crosses-36-crore-gross-and-1-million-ticket-sales-on-bms|website=The New Indian Express|date=2025-08-04|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en|first=A.|last=Sharadhaa}}</ref> The film received positive reviews from critics for its storytelling, direction, and performances.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/i-hope-su-from-so-inspires-every-small-filmmaker-to-dream-big-jp-thuminad/articleshow/123482319.cms|title=I hope 'Su From So' inspires every small filmmaker to dream big: JP Thuminad|website=Times of India|accessdate=2025-07-25}}</ref>

=== Themes and approach ===
Thuminad's filmmaking style is noted for its emphasis on regional cultures, especially on the coastal folk traditions of Karnataka and Kerala.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Industry thrives when new voices are encouraged: JP|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/industry-thrives-when-new-voices-are-encouraged-jp/articleshow/122834599.cms|work=The Times of India|date=2025-07-23|access-date=2025-12-01|issn=0971-8257}}</ref> His film ''Su From So'' is noted for its style on portraying real human emotions and regional stories, while incorporating supernatural themes and comedy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=OTT Premiere: Kannada Blockbuster 'Su From So' Streams on JioHotstar From Sep 9|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/su-from-so-ott-release-date-jp-thuminads-kannada-horror-comedy-to-make-its-streaming-debut-on-september-9-on-jiohotstar-3713591|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en}}</ref>

== Impact and recognition ==
Thuminad's debut film and its commercial success marked a significant moment for Kannada film industry, especially for independent filmmakers working outside the mainstream cinema.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Su From So: JP Thuminad-Raj B Shetty's film has laughs galore, with a much bigger picture at play|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/su-from-so-jp-thuminad-raj-b-shetty-s-film-has-laughs-galore-with-a-much-bigger-picture-at-play-ottplay-101753854960688.html|website=Hindustan Times|date=2025-07-30|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Decoding the success of 'Su From So' {{!}} Raj B Shetty {{!}} JP Thuminad|url=https://www.thehindu.com/videos/decoding-the-success-of-su-from-so-raj-b-shetty-jp-thuminad/article69898173.ece|work=The Hindu|date=2025-08-05|access-date=2025-12-01|issn=0971-751X|language=en-IN|first=Vivek M. V. & Ravichandran|last=N}}</ref> The success of ''Su From So'' has been viewed by many critics as a testament to the viability of small-budget films with strong regional and cultural narratives.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Su From So released on OTT: Where to watch JP Thuminad's Kannada blockbuster horror comedy. Check language versions|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/su-from-so-released-on-ott-where-to-watch-jp-thuminads-kannada-blockbuster-horror-comedy-check-language-versions/articleshow/123776258.cms?from=mdr|work=The Economic Times|date=2025-09-09|access-date=2025-12-01|issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Thuminad was born in the village of [[Manjeshwar]], located in the [[Kasaragod district]] of Kerala. His upbringing in a region where Kannada, Malayalam and Tulu cultures intersect has had a significant influence on his storytelling and film making style.<ref name=":0" /> Before entering films, he worked as a painter for a construction company. Despite his success as a filmmaker, Thuminad expressed his intention to continue working in the theatre.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Su From So' movie review: JP Thuminad delivers a refreshing and hilarious horror comedy|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/su-from-so-movie-review-raj-b-shetty-jp-thuminad-refreshing-hilarious-comedy-kannada-movie/article69854341.ece|work=The Hindu|date=2025-07-25|access-date=2025-12-01|issn=0971-751X|language=en-IN|first=Vivek|last=M.V}}</ref> He married longtime partner Rashmika on 5 May 2026.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=Su From So fame JP Thuminad marries longtime partner Rashmika in Mangaluru |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2026/May/07/su-from-so-fame-jp-thuminad-marries-longtime-partner-rashmika-in-mangaluru |website=Cinema Express |access-date=8 May 2026 |language=en |date=7 May 2026}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Director !! Actor !! Language !! Notes !! {{tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Ondu Motteya Kathe]]'' || {{no}} || {{yes}} || [[Kannada language|Kannada]] || Uncredited role || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/su-from-so-jp-thuminad-on-success-storytelling-and-kannada-cinema|title=Su From So: JP Thuminad on success, storytelling and Kannada cinema|website=The News Minute|accessdate=2025-07-25}}</ref>
|-
| 2018
| ''Katapadi Kattappa'' || {{yes}} || {{no}} || [[Tulu language|Tulu]] || ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=591526|title=Mangaluru: Tulu film ‘Katapadi Kattappa’ completes 50 days at theatres|work=Daijiworld.com|date=27 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Garuda Gamana Vrishabha Vahana]]'' || {{No}} || {{yes}} || Kannada || Played the role of Avinash ||
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Swathi Mutthina Male Haniye]]'' || {{no}} || {{yes}} || Kannada || Played the role of Prabhakar ||
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Sapta Saagaradaache Ello: Side B]]'' || {{no}} || {{yes}} || Kannada || Played the role of Deepak ||
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Su From So]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || Kannada || Played the role of Ashoka ||
|-
| 2026
| ''Kattemaar'' || {{no}} || {{yes}} || Tulu || Played the role of Mahesh ||
|-
|}

=== Television & Theatre ===
* Various - Regional theatre & short films (Tulu/Kannada theatre) - Artist / Writer / Director (theatre).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/from-theatre-group-in-manjeswaram-to-the-pinnacle-of-sandalwood-jp-thuminads-glorious-journey-bs9nlc8q|title=From theatre group in Manjeswaram to the pinnacle of Sandalwood, JP Thuminad's glorious journey|website=Mathrubhumi|accessdate=2025-07-25}}</ref>
* 2017 - ''Majaa Bharatha'' - [[Colors Kannada]] - Contestant

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thuminad, J.P.}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kannada film directors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:People from Kasaragod district]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tulu cinema]]

Cooch Behar Lok Sabha constituency

2026-05-07T09:42:30Z

JudyK9023223: Added initial details basic info

{{short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Cooch Behar <Br>{{Small|WB-1}}
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/West Bengal/Cooch Behar.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Cooch Behar Lok Sabha Constituency
| established = 1957
| reservation = SC
| incumbent_image =
| mp = [[Jagadish Chandra Barma Basunia|Jagadish Basunia]]
| party = {{Party index link|Trinamool Congress}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| assembly_cons = [[Mathabhanga Assembly constituency|Mathabhanga]]<br />[[Cooch Behar Uttar Assembly constituency|Cooch Behar Uttar]]<br />[[Cooch Behar Dakshin Assembly constituency|Cooch Behar Dakshin]]<br />[[Sitalkuchi Assembly constituency|Sitalkuchi]]<br />[[Sitai Assembly constituency|Sitai]]<br />[[Dinhata Assembly constituency|Dinhata]]<br />[[Natabari Assembly constituency|Natabari]]
| electors = 19,66,893 (2024)<ref>https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526095942/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf |date=26 May 2024 }} {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref>
}}

'''Cooch Behar Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 543 [[Lok Sabha|parliamentary]] constituencies in [[India]]. The constituency centres on [[Cooch Behar]] in [[West Bengal]]. All the seven assembly segments of No. 1 Cooch Behar Lok Sabha constituency are in [[Cooch Behar district]]. The seat is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].

==Assembly segments==
[[File:Westbengalen Wahlkreise Lok Sabha.svg|thumb|250px|right|'''Parliamentary constituencies in West Bengal'''1. '''Cooch Behar''', 2. Alipurduars, 3. Jalpaiguri, 4. Darjeeling, 5. Raiganj, 6. Balurghat, 7. Maldaha Uttar, 8. Maldaha Dakshin, 9. Jangipur, 10. Baharampur, 11. Murshidabad, 12. Krishnanagar, 13. Ranaghat, 14. Bangaon, 15. Barrackpore, 16. Dum Dum, 17. Barasat, 18. Basirhat, 19. Jaynagar, 20. Mathurapur, 21. Diamond Harbour, 22. Jadavpur, 23. Kolkata Dakshin, 24. Kolkata Uttar, 25. Howrah, 26. Uluberia, 27. Serampore, 28. Hooghly, 29. Arambagh, 30. Tamluk, 31, Kanthi, 32. Ghatal, 33. Jhargram, 34. Medinipur, 35. Purulia, 36. Bankura, 37. Bishnupur, 38. Bardhaman Purba, 39. Bardhaman Durgapur, 40. Asansol, 41. Bolpur, 42. Birbhum]]

As per order of the [[Delimitation Commission]] in respect of the [[delimitation of constituencies]] in the West Bengal, parliamentary constituency no. 1 Coochbehar, reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled castes (SC)]], is composed of the following segments from 2009:<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web | url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 26 May 2014 | work = Table B – Extent of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher = Government of West Bengal | archive-date = 18 September 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! #
! Name
! District
! Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead
|-
|2
|[[Mathabhanga Assembly constituency|Mathabhanga]] (SC)
| rowspan="7" |[[Cooch Behar District|Cooch Behar]]
|[[Nisith Pramanik]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|3
|[[Cooch Behar Uttar Assembly constituency|Cooch Behar Uttar]] (SC)
|[[Sukumar Roy (politician)|Sukumar Roy]]
|-
|4
|[[Cooch Behar Dakshin Assembly constituency|Cooch Behar Dakshin]]
|[[Rathindra Bose]]
|{{party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|5
|[[Sitalkuchi Assembly constituency|Sitalkuchi]] (SC)
|[[Sabitri Barman]]
|-
|6
|[[Sitai Assembly constituency|Sitai]] (SC)
|[[Sangita Roy]]
|{{party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|-
|7
|[[Dinhata Assembly constituency|Dinhata]]
|[[Ajay Ray]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|8
|[[Natabari Assembly constituency|Natabari]]
|[[Girija Shankar Ray]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

The area under the [[Mathabhanga subdivision]] of the [[Cooch Behar district]] will constitute the assembly constituencies of Mathabhanga and Sitalkuchi, whereas the area under the [[Dinhata subdivision]] will form the constituencies of Dinahata and Sitai.<ref name=delimitation/> The area under [[Cooch Behar Sadar subdivision]] will form Cooch Behar Uttar, Cooch Behar Dakshin and Natabari constituencies, though Natabari will contain [[gram panchayat]]s from [[Tufanganj subdivision]] also.<ref name=delimitation/>

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.elections.in/west-bengal/parliamentary-constituencies/cooch-behar.html | title=Cooch Behar (West Bengal) Lok Sabha Election Results 2019 -Cooch Behar Parliamentary Constituency, Winning MP and Party Name | access-date=18 January 2023 | archive-date=18 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118172119/https://www.elections.in/west-bengal/parliamentary-constituencies/cooch-behar.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Cooch Behar Lok Sabha Election Result - Parliamentary Constituency2">{{cite news|title=Cooch Behar Lok Sabha Election Result - Parliamentary Constituency|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/cooch-behar-lok-sabha|accessdate=3 July 2025|work=|publisher=Result University|date=3 July 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250703060250/https://resultuniversity.com/election/cooch-behar-lok-sabha|archivedate=3 July 2025}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[1951–52 elections in India|1951]]
|[[Upendra Nath Barman]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[Birendra Nath Katham]]
|-
|Amiya Kanta Basu
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|[[Upendra Nath Barman]]
|-
|Santosh Banerjee
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|[[Debendra Nath Karjee]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc}}
|-
|1963^
|P. C. Barman
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Benoy Krishna Daschowdhury]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc}}
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
| rowspan="8" |[[Amar Roy Pradhan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc| rowspan=10}}
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[Hiten Barman]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Nripendra Nath Roy]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[Renuka Sinha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress| rowspan=2}}
|-
|2016^
|[[Partha Pratim Roy]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[Nisith Pramanik]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Jagadish Chandra Barma Basunia]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|}
^ denotes by-polls

==Election results==
===2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Cooch Behar]]<ref name="Cooch Behar Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024">{{cite news |title=Cooch Behar Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/west-bengal/cooch-behar |accessdate=2 July 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=4 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250702080535/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/west-bengal/cooch-behar |archivedate=2 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Jagadish Chandra Barma Basunia">{{cite news |title=Jagadish Chandra Barma Basunia |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S251.htm |accessdate=2 July 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250702080415/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S251.htm |archivedate=2 July 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Jagadish Chandra Barma Basunia]]
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|votes = 788375
|percentage = 48.57
|change = {{increase}}4.24
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Nisith Pramanik]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 749,125
|percentage = 46.16
|change = {{increase}}2.39
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = Nitish Chandra Roy
|votes = 30267
|percentage = 1.86
|change ={{decrease}}1.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Piya Roy Chowdhury
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 10679
|percentage = 0.66
|change = {{decrease}}1.19
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Independent
|candidate=Harekrishna Sarkar
|votes=9467
|percentage=0.58
|change=New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Independent
|candidate=Kamalesh Barman
|votes=2993
|percentage=0.18
|change=New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Independent
|candidate=Nabi Barman
|votes=2724
|percentage=0.17
|change=New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Independent
|candidate= Subodh Barman
|votes=2599
|percentage=0.16
|change=New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate= Dilip Chandra Barman
|votes=2468
|percentage=0.15
|change=New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate= Purna Mohan Roy
|votes=2097
|percentage=0.13
|change=New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Independent
|candidate= Bidhan Das
|votes=2072
|percentage=0.13
|change=New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Independent
|candidate= Kishore Ray
|votes=1606
|percentage=0.1
|change=New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Kamtapur People's Party
|candidate= Pradip Kumar Roy
|votes=1518
|percentage=0.09
|change=New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Independent
|candidate=Amal Das
|votes=1495
|percentage=0.09
|change=New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=None of the above
|candidate=None of the above
|votes=15563
|percentage=0.96
|change={{increase}}0.1
}}

{{Election box majority
|votes = 39250
|percentage = 0.02
|change = {{decrease}}3.53
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1623048
|percentage = 82.16
|change = {{decrease}}1.92
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Cooch Behar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Nisith Pramanik]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 731,8594
|percentage = 47.98
|change = {{increase}}31.64
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Paresh Chandra Adhikary]]
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|votes = 677,363
|percentage = 44.43
|change = {{increase}}4.92
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = Gobinda Chandra Roy
|votes = 46,648
|percentage = 3.07
|change = {{decrease}}29.91
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Piya Roy Chowdhury
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 28,215
|percentage = 1.85
|change = {{decrease}}2.52
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 14,490
|percentage = 0.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 54,231
|percentage = 3.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,525,446
|percentage = 84.08
|change = {{increase}}1.27
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing = {{increase}}13.36
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016 by-election===
{{Election box begin
|title= Bye-election, 2016 : Cooch Behar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Partha Pratim Roy]]
|votes = 7,94,375
|percentage = 59.03
|change = +19.52
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Hem Chandra Barman
|votes = 3,81,134
|percentage = 28.32
|change = +11.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = [[Nripendra Nath Roy]]
|votes = 87,363
|percentage = 6.49
|change = -26.49
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Partha Pratim Isore
|votes = 33,470
|percentage = 2.49
|change = -3.10
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 9,680
|percentage = 0.72
|change = -0.14
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 4,13,241
|percentage = 30.71
|change = +24.18
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 13,45,717
|percentage = 78.39
|change = -4.42
}}

{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014 result===
{{Election box begin
|title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Cooch Behar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Renuka Sinha]]
|votes = 5,26,499
|percentage = 39.51
|change = -2.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = Dipak Kumar Roy
|votes = 4,39,393
|percentage = 32.98
|change = -11.68
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Hem Chandra Barman
|votes = 2,17,653
|percentage = 16.34
|change = +10.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Keshab Chandra Ray
|votes = 74,540
|percentage = 5.59
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Girindra Nath Barman
|votes = 15,683
|percentage = 1.18
|change = -0.86
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Bangshi Badan Barman
|votes = 13,205
|percentage = 0.99
|change = -2.33
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 11,409
|percentage = 0.86
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 87,107
|percentage = 6.53
|change = +3.52
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 13,32,409
|percentage = 82.81
|change = -1.54
}}

{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = All India Forward Bloc
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Cooch Behar]]<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf |title=Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=Election Commission of India, General Elections, 2009 (15th Lok Sabha) Section - West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=21 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811090059/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf |archive-date=11 August 2014 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = [[Nripendra Nath Roy]]
|votes = 5,08,677
|percentage = 44.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Arghya Roy Pradhan]]
|votes = 4,66,928
|percentage = 41.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Bhabendra Nath Barman
|votes = 65,325
|percentage = 5.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|candidate = Bangshi Badan Barman
|votes = 37,226
|percentage = 3.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Niranjan Barman
|votes = 22,925
|percentage = 2.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|candidate = Hitendra Das
|votes = 11,374
|percentage = 1.01
|change =
}}

{{Election box majority
|votes = 41,749
|percentage = 3.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 11,21,043
|percentage = 84.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Forward Bloc
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections|General Election, 2004]]: [[Cooch Behar]]<ref name="auto1"/>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = [[Hiten Barman]]
|votes = 490,982
|percentage = 51.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Girindra Nath Barman
|votes = 264,413
|percentage = 27.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sailen Barma
|votes = 116,715
|percentage = 12.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Forward Bloc (Socialist)
|candidate = [[Amar Roy Pradhan]]
|votes = 26,755
|percentage = 2.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Bharat Singha Sarkar
|votes = 17,393
|percentage = 1.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|candidate = Pradip Kumar Roy
|votes = 11,021
|percentage = 1.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|candidate = Nripen Karjee
|votes = 10,682
|percentage = 1.10
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Amra Bangalee
|candidate = Dalendra Roy
|votes = 8,527
|percentage = 0.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Piyush Barman
|votes = 6,075
|percentage = 0.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 226,569
|percentage = 23.90%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 9,47,381
|percentage = 82.5%
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Forward Bloc
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1999===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Indian general election|General Election, 1999]]: [[Cooch Behar]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf |title=Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=Election Commission of India, General Elections, 1999 (13th Lok Sabha) Section - West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=21 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811090059/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf |archive-date=11 August 2014 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = [[Amar Roy Pradhan]]
|votes = 443,148
|percentage = 49.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Ambika Charan Ray
|votes = 334,983
|percentage = 37.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sabita Roy
|votes = 90,378
|percentage = 10.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Papiya Barman
|votes = 17,188
|percentage = 1.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician) (KPP)
|candidate = Mahendra Nath Das
|votes = 2,766
|percentage = 0.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Nripen Karjee
|votes = 2,385
|percentage = 0.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Usha Roy
|votes = 981
|percentage = 0.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 108,165
|percentage = (12.0%)
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 9,02,487
|percentage = (80.8%)
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Forward Bloc
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1998===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election|General Election, 1998]]: [[Cooch Behar]]<ref name="auto"/>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = [[Amar Roy Pradhan]]
|votes = 396,140
|percentage = 43.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Forward Bloc (Socialist)
|candidate = Gobinda Ray
|votes = 272,974
|percentage = 29.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Prasenjit Barman
|votes = 218,093
|percentage = 10.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Papiya Barman
|votes = 13,480
|percentage = 1.50
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Amra Bangalee
|candidate = Karneswar Barman
|votes = 2,766
|percentage = 0.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 123,166
|percentage = 13.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 9,16,783
|percentage = 83.6%
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Forward Bloc
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 1957-2004===
In 1951, Upendra Nath Barman, Birendra Nath Katham and Amiya Kanta Basu, all of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]], won the North Bengal seat.<ref name=loksabha1952>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF |title=General Elections, India, 1951- Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission |access-date=23 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008191615/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF |archive-date=8 October 2014 }}</ref> The winners and runners-up from Cooch Behar for subsequent elections are shown below. In ([[by-election]])1958, [[N.R. Ghosh|Nalini Ranjan Ghosh]] of Indian National Congress won.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wbpcc.org/congmpmla.htm |title=Bengal Congress MP, MLA |publisher=West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee |access-date=13 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110011010/http://www.wbpcc.org/congmpmla.htm |archive-date=10 January 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" |Year
! colspan="3" |Winner
! colspan="3" |Runner-up
! rowspan="2" |Ref.
|-
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |1957
|Santosh Banerjee
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2|full=yes}}
| rowspan="2" |Shibendra Kumar Bhattacharya
|{{party name with color|All India Forward Bloc|rowspan=2|full=yes}}
|
|-
|Upendranath Barman
|
|
|-
|1962
|Debendranath Karjee
|{{party name with color|rowspan=2|All India Forward Bloc|full=yes}}
|Upendra Nath Barman
|{{party name with color|rowspan=2|Indian National Congress|full=yes}}
|<ref name="loksabha1962">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf|title=General Elections, India, 1962- Constituency Wise Detailed Results|work=West Bengal|publisher=Election Commission|access-date=23 May 2013|archive-date=5 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105080518/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|1967
|BKD Chowdhury
|PC Barman
|<ref name="loksabha1967">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|title=General Elections, India, 1967 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results|work=West Bengal|publisher=Election Commission|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185108/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=23 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1972
|Benoy Krishna Das Chowdhury
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|full=yes}}
|Nagendra Nath Roy
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|full=yes}}
|<ref name="loksabha1971">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf|title=General Elections, India, 1971 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results|work=West Bengal|publisher=Election Commission|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175452/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=23 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1977
| rowspan="8" |[[Amar Roy Pradhan]]
|{{party name with color|rowspan=10|All India Forward Bloc|full=yes}}
|Benoy Krishna Daschowdhury
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|full=yes}}
|<ref name="loksabha1977">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf|title=General Elections, 1977 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results|work=West Bengal|publisher=Election Commission of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=22 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1980
|Ambika Charan Roy
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|full=yes}}
|<ref name="loksabha1980">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf|title=General Elections, 1980 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results|work=West Bengal|publisher=Election Commission of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175926/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=22 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1984
|Prasenjit Barman
|{{party name with color|rowspan=4|Indian National Congress|full=yes}}
|<ref name="loksabha1984">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf|title=General Elections, 1984 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results|work=West Bengal|publisher=Election Commission of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718184911/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=22 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1989
| rowspan="3" |[[Sabita Roy]]
|<ref name="loksabha1989">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf|title=General Elections, 1989 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results|work=West Bengal|publisher=Election Commission of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=22 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1991
|<ref name="loksabha1991">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf|title=General Elections, 1991 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results|work=West Bengal|publisher=Election Commission of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183558/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=22 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1996
|<ref name="loksabha1996">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf|title=General Elections, 1996 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results|work=West Bengal|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=22 May 2014|archive-date=18 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183504/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|1998
|Gobinda Roy
|{{party name with color|Forward Bloc (Socialist)|full=yes}}
|<ref name="loksabha1998">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf|title=General Elections, 1998 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results|work=West Bengal|publisher=Election Commission of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020223306/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf|archive-date=20 October 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=22 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1999
|Ambika Charan Ray
|{{party name with color|rowspan=3|All India Trinamool Congress|full=yes}}
|<ref name="loksabha1999">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf|title=General Elections, 1999 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results|work=West Bengal|publisher=Election Commission of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020223218/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf|archive-date=20 October 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=22 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
|2004
|[[Hiten Barman]]
|Girindra Nath Barman
|<ref name="loksabha2004">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf|title=General Elections, 2004 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results|work=West Bengal|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=22 May 2014|archive-date=18 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718190634/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2009
|[[Nripendra Nath Roy]]
|Arghya Roy Pradhan
|
|-
|2014
|[[Renuka Sinha]]
|{{party name with color|rowspan=2 |All India Trinamool Congress|full=yes}}
|Dipak Kumar Roy
|{{party name with color|All India Forward Bloc|full=yes}}
|
|-
|2016
(By Poll)
|[[Parthapratim Roy|Partha Pratim Roy]]
|Hem Chandra Barman
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|full=yes}}
|
|-
|2019
|[[Nisith Pramanik]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|full=yes}}
|Paresh Chandra Adhikari
|{{party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|full=yes}}
|
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/west_bengal/coochbehar/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Coochbehar lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}
{{Cooch Behar topics}}

{{Coord|26.32419|N|89.45103|E|display=title|format=dms|}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Cooch Behar district]]

Indian Institute of Bank Management

2026-05-03T14:52:53Z

JudyK9023223: Added Data - done

{{Short description|Banking and finance training institute in Guwahati, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}

{{Infobox university
| name = Indian Institute of Bank Management
| native_name =
| image = IIBM, Guwahati 04.jpg
| caption = Campus of the Indian Institute of Bank Management, Guwahati
| established = 1980
| type = Autonomous institute
| chairman = Deputy Governor, [[Reserve Bank of India]]
| director = Eugene Emmanuel Karthak
| location = Jawahar Nagar, [[Khanapara]], [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]], India
| campus = Urban
| free_label = Acronym
| free = IIBM
| affiliations = Sponsored by [[Reserve Bank of India]], [[NABARD]], and public sector banks
}}

'''Indian Institute of Bank Management''' ('''IIBM''') is an autonomous banking and financial training institute located in [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]], India. Established in 1980, the institute provides professional training, research, and consultancy services in banking and financial management, with a particular focus on the needs of the banking sector in the [[Northeast India|North Eastern Region]] of India.<ref name="iibm-about">{{cite web |title=About the Institute |url=https://www.iibm.ac.in/ |website=Indian Institute of Bank Management |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref><ref name="director-msg">{{cite web |title=Director’s Message |url=https://www.iibm.ac.in/Directors-Message.php |website=Indian Institute of Bank Management |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref>

The institute was originally known as the '''North Eastern Institute of Bank Management''' and was created to strengthen the capacity and professional skills of banking personnel working in the region. Over time it developed into a national-level institute serving banks and financial institutions across India.<ref name="director-msg"/>

IIBM is sponsored by several major financial institutions including the [[Reserve Bank of India]] (RBI), [[National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development]] (NABARD), [[State Bank of India]], [[Punjab National Bank]], [[Union Bank of India]], [[UCO Bank]], [[Central Bank of India]], and [[Indian Bank]].<ref name="director-msg"/>

==History==
The Indian Institute of Bank Management was established in 1980 with the objective of enhancing the professional capabilities of banking personnel and promoting research in banking and finance.<ref name="director-msg"/>

The institute was set up with support from the Reserve Bank of India and other major financial institutions to meet the growing training needs of the banking sector in India's northeastern region.<ref name="iibm-about"/>

Initially conceived as a regional training centre, the institute gradually expanded its activities and outreach to become an all-India institution. It conducts training programmes for officers and staff of commercial banks, regional rural banks, cooperative banks, and other financial institutions.<ref name="director-msg"/>

Over the decades, the institute has also developed expertise in areas such as financial inclusion, agricultural finance, microfinance, risk management, and banking technology.<ref name="director-msg"/>

==Governance==
The institute is governed by a Governing Board comprising senior executives from the banking and financial sector. The board is chaired by a Deputy Governor of the [[Reserve Bank of India]]. Members of the board include chairpersons, managing directors, and chief executive officers of sponsoring banks and financial institutions.<ref name="director-msg"/>

This governance structure reflects the collaborative nature of the institute, which is supported by the Indian banking system for capacity building, research, and policy development in the financial sector.<ref name="iibm-about"/>

==Campus==
[[File:Interior of IIBM, Guwahati 02.jpg|thumb|Interior of IIBM, Guwahati]]

The IIBM campus is located at Jawahar Nagar, [[Khanapara]] institutional area of [[Guwahati]], a major educational and commercial centre in Northeast India.<ref name="iibm-about"/>

The campus includes classrooms equipped with modern teaching facilities, conference halls, a computer centre, and a library specializing in banking and financial management.<ref name="director-msg"/>

The institute also maintains residential facilities for participants attending training programmes and seminars. The campus is equipped with Wi-Fi connectivity and other infrastructure designed to support executive education and professional training.<ref name="iibm-about"/>

==Programmes==
IIBM conducts a wide range of training programmes aimed at improving professional skills in the banking and financial sector. These include:<ref name="IIBF">{{cite web | url=https://www.iibf.org.in/iib_other_atis.asp | title=List of Accredited Institutions for conducting JAIIB/CAIIB & DB&F classes | publisher=Indian Institute of Banking and Finance | work=Indian Institute of Banking and Finance | accessdate=8 March 2026}}</ref>

* Training programmes for bank officers and staff
* Executive development programmes
* Leadership development programmes
* Specialized courses in credit management and risk management
* Programmes focusing on microfinance, rural banking, and financial inclusion

The institute also conducts customized training programmes for banks, non-banking financial companies (NBFCs), and small finance banks.<ref name="iibm-about"/>

In addition to training activities, the institute organizes seminars, workshops, and conferences on contemporary issues affecting the banking sector, including financial technology, digital banking, and climate risk in finance.<ref name="director-msg"/>

For instance, the institute has hosted conferences and workshops addressing issues such as climate change and its impact on agriculture and business in the North Eastern region.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sustainable Futures: Climate Change Conference at IIBM |url=https://www.iibm.ac.in/ |website=Indian Institute of Bank Management |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref>

==Research and consultancy==
Research and consultancy constitute an important component of IIBM's activities. The institute undertakes research studies on banking and financial systems, particularly issues related to rural finance, agricultural credit, and micro and small enterprises.<ref name="director-msg"/>

The findings of these studies are disseminated through seminars, publications, and workshops, contributing to policy discussions within the banking sector.<ref name="director-msg"/>

==Collaborations==
The institute collaborates with universities, management institutes, and financial institutions to promote professional education and skill development in banking and finance.

In 2023, IIBM signed a memorandum of understanding with the North Eastern Regional Institute of Management (NERIM) to conduct training and skill development programmes for management students aspiring to careers in the banking sector.<ref>{{cite news |title=MoU signed between IIBM and NERIM Guwahati |url=https://morungexpress.com/mou-signed-between-iibm-and-nerim-guwahati |work=The Morung Express |date=23 September 2023 |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref>

==Role in banking education==
IIBM has played an important role in strengthening banking education and professional training in India's northeastern region. By providing specialized training to bankers and financial professionals, the institute contributes to the development of the financial sector and supports initiatives related to financial inclusion and economic development.<ref name="director-msg"/>

==See also==
* [[Reserve Bank of India]]
* [[National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development]]
* [[Banking in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Assam}}

[[Category:Business schools in Assam]]
[[Category:Education in Guwahati]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1980]]
[[Category:1980 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Banking schools in India]]
[[Category:Reserve Bank of India]]

Mohsin Peramban

2026-04-24T20:18:54Z

JudyK9023223: starting the post first draft

{{Short description|Indian motorcycle rider}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox motorcycle rider
| name = Mohsin Peramban
| image = Mohsin Peramban.jpg
| caption = National Motorcycle Racing 2021
| birth_date = {{Birth date|2002|5|30|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Athavanad]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| Current team = Honda Racing India
| Bike number = 6
| nationality = {{flagicon|India}} Indian
| Races =
| Wins =
| Podiums =
| website =
}}

'''Mohsin Peramban''' also known as '''Mohsin P''',<ref>{{Cite web|title=Results {{!}} Honda Racing India|url=https://www.hondaracingindia.com/Results|access-date=2021-09-23|website=hondaracingindia.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Riders {{!}} Honda Racing India|url=https://www.hondaracingindia.com/About/riders|access-date=2021-09-23|website=www.hondaracingindia.com}}</ref> '''Mohsin Valanchery'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=mohsin-race-result|url=https://www.valanchery.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/WhatsApp-Image-2020-12-20-at-20.15.35.jpeg|access-date=2021-09-23|website=Valanchery Online|language=en-US}}</ref>& '''BikerKid''' (born 30 May 2002 in [[Athavanad]] [[Malappuram district]] [[Kerala]], [[India]]. was an Indian professional [[Motorcycle sport|motorcycle racer]]. National Motorcycle Racing 2021 in 2018, and in 2021 became the first Kerala winner of an National Motorcycle Racing event with his victory at the National Motorcycle Racing Championship 2021 in [[Chennai]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-20|title=ദേശീയ ചാമ്പ്യൻഷിപ്പിൽ മൂന്നാം സ്ഥാനം; മോട്ടോർ സൈക്കിൾ റൈസിംഗ് ട്രാക്കിൽ കേരളത്തിന് അഭിമാനമായി ആതവനാട് സ്വദേശി മുഹ്സിൻ|url=https://www.valanchery.in/young-rider-from-athavanad-achieved-third-place-in-national-level-bike-racing-championship/|access-date=2021-09-23|website=Valanchery Online|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Third win for Rajini, Jagan in National Motorcycle Championship|url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=872473|access-date=2021-09-23|website=www.daijiworld.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-09-11|title=Rajini stamps his class, wins in style|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/motorsport/rajini-stamps-his-class-wins-in-style/article36407427.ece|access-date=2021-09-23|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Early life==
Mohsin was born on 30 May 2002 in Rahat Nagar. [[Athavanad]] ( Near [[Valanchery]]) [[Malappuram district]] [[Kerala]], India. The son of Mr Musthafa Peramban & Mrs Sakeena.
He is a Plus Two Computer Science student in an MSM Higher secondary school Kallingalparambu 2021

==Career==
He is starting his career in the 2018 race at the [[Madras Motor Race Track]] in Chennai Third place in the draw. 32 km in the laps on a 4 km long track he completes the distance in the best time Third, in MRF MMSC All India Motorcycle Championship from [[Chennai]] won the seat. One of the oldest Chennai clubs in India Muhsin won the all-India bike race at the Madras Sports Club Recognized. Muhsin was in the NNF category. Of the Honda NSF250R,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/auto/latest-auto-news/story/honda-announces-riders-line-up-for-2021-inmrc-talent-cup-1843087-2021-08-20|title=Honda announces riders’ line-up for 2021 INMRC, Talent Cup|first=Pratik|last=Rakshit|date=20 August 2021|website=India Today}}</ref> he finished the race on a bike. There are only 10 people in [[India]] This bike is in use. Mohsin is one of them. The competitor is [[Honda]] Sponsored by‌. The only one from [[Kerala]] to receive such sponsorship Muhsin is a contestant

==Achievements & awards ==
*Idemitsu Honda India Talent Cup Open NSF 250R won the second race <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajini stamps his class, wins in style - The Bulletin Hub|date=11 September 2021 |url=https://thebulletinhub.com/rajini-stamps-his-class-wins-in-style/sports/|access-date=2021-09-23|language=en-US}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
|-
! Year
! Class
! Team
! Machine
! Points
! Rank
! Wins
|-
! 2021
! Honda Racing India
! National Motorcycle Racing 2021-[[Honda]]
| [[Honda NSF250R]]
|9
|8
|2
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.thehindu.com/sport/motorsport/rajini-stamps-his-class-wins-in-style/article36407427.ece Rajini stamps his class, wins in style]
*[https://deccan.news/jagan-kumar-wins-ninth-national-title/]
*[https://www.indiatoday.in/auto/latest-auto-news/story/honda-announces-riders-line-up-for-2021-inmrc-talent-cup-1843087-2021-08-20 Honda announces riders’ line-up for 2021 INMRC, Talent Cup]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Peramban, Mohsin}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Kerala]]
[[Category:Long-distance motorcycle riders]]
[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Indian motorsport people]]

Bairwa

2026-04-24T19:46:52Z

JudyK9023223: put up data - done

{{Short description|Caste}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{notability|date=February 2023}}
{{one source|date=February 2023}}
{{improve categories|date=July 2025}}
}}

The '''Bairwa''' is an OBC caste in Delhi and a [[Scheduled Caste]]<ref name="auto2">[https://socialjustice.gov.in/writereaddata/UploadFile/Scan-0011.jpg Maharashtra]</ref><ref name="auto1">[https://socialjustice.gov.in/writereaddata/UploadFile/RL-MP.jpg Madhya Pradesh]</ref><ref name="auto">[https://socialjustice.gov.in/writereaddata/UploadFile/Scan-0024636052301394607618.jpg Chhattisgarh]</ref> (in Rajasthan) of India's [[Affirmative action|Affirmative Action]].<ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto"/> [[Berwa]] means the people who live without enmity.

The Bairwa community live in the [[Hadoti|Hadauti]], in [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-07-23 |title=Bairwa was established Dalit leader |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/bairwa-was-established-dalit-leader/articleshow/4809389.cms |access-date=2023-03-22 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Bairwa community also live in Haryana, UP, Madhya Pradesh and Delhi.
==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]

{{India-stub}}

Tantra (TV series)

2026-04-20T16:13:35Z

JudyK9023223:

{{Short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Tantra (TV series).jpg
| genre = {{ubl|[[Supernatural]]|[[Horror fiction|Horror]]|[[Drama]]}}
| creator = [[Swastik Productions]]
| based_on = Black Magic
| writer =
| director = Rajesh Ranshinge
| creative_director = Rajesh Ranshinge
| presenter =
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme = Tantra
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 91
| producer = [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/siddharth-kumar-tewary-launches-tantra-on-aapka-colors/article_423241bc-f8b4-11e8-bcc8-1ba014bc8a11.html|title=Siddharth Kumar Tewary Launches 'Tantra,' a Supernatural Thriller on black magic|accessdate=9 July 2019|website=India West|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330104818/https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/siddharth-kumar-tewary-launches-tantra-on-aapka-colors/article_423241bc-f8b4-11e8-bcc8-1ba014bc8a11.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 20 Minutes
| company = [[Swastik Productions]]
| channel = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2018|12|3}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2019|4|5}}
}}
'''''Tantra ''''' ({{Translation|''Black Magic''}}) is an Indian [[Hindi]] language supernatural television series based on black magic which aired from 3 December 2018 to 5 April 2019 on [[Colors TV]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/television/colors-launches-a-new-supernatural-show-tantra-30743|title=Colors Launches A New Supernatural Show 'Tantra'|accessdate=9 July 2019|website=Mumbai Live|archive-date=10 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210214020/https://www.mumbailive.com/en/television/colors-launches-a-new-supernatural-show-tantra-30743|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/juhi-parmar-new-tv-show-tantra-5476692/|title=Juhi Parmar: Not promoting superstition with Tantra|date=3 December 2018|website=Indian Express|access-date=9 July 2019|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005064816/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/juhi-parmar-new-tv-show-tantra-5476692/|url-status=live}}</ref> Produced by [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]] under [[Swastik Productions]], it starred [[Sargun Kaur Luthra]], [[Juhi Parmar]], [[Manish Goel]], [[Gautam Vig|Gautam Singh Vig]] and [[Sameksha]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/juhi-parmar-set-return-tv-colors-next-show|title=Juhi Parmar Returns to tv with Debut in Supernatural genre|date=27 September 2018|website=Biz Asia|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=14 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323215020/https://www.bizasialive.com/juhi-parmar-set-return-tv-colors-next-show/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Plot==
[[Tantra]] is the story of a family who have fallen prey to the clutches of an evil incantation. The Khannas are an affluent family who move into their dream home Jalsa but become unfortunate victims of the gruesome practice of tantra. The antagonist is the House itself whose haunting effects make the place unliveable and a nightmare for its inhabitants. Niyati, the brave daughter of the Khanna family emerges as the one who can fight against the evil and protect her family from the witchcraft.

Jalsa is Prithvi Khanna's dream home and he gave the responsibility of constructing it to his heir, Nirvaan. It is shown that the house is alive under black magic and the only one who knows of this is the old lady who lives in the house in front of Jalsa. Saudamini, the tantric, gets the old lady to commit suicide under her tantra's influence as the old lady would have told Niyati the truth about the house. Niyati and her family move in to Jalsa and on their first night in the house, Niyati's brother Nirvaan is attacked by the tantra and almost killed, only to be saved by Niyati. Niyati notices that the wires which were choking Nirvaan were moving on their own leading to her suspicion that something is wrong. Her mother, Sumati, refuses to believe her and instead blames her for not paying attention to Nirvaan. Niyati and her childhood friend, Akshat, take it upon themselves to figure out who the mysterious lady they saw was. Later on at the Jasla's [[housewarming party]], Kanchan is introduced as a member of the catering service. Kanchan recalls having seen Saudamini at the same party, so she tries testifying against Saudamini, but she and Akshat are abducted by Saudamini and saved in the nick of time by Niyati and inspector Bharat. The goons who kidnapped them mysteriously commit suicide without revealing who was giving them orders.

Niyati witnesses the house maid, Geeta, being dragged by supernatural forces into a wall. Terrified by the sight, Niyati tries to convince her parents about the mysterious occurrences in the house. On the other hand, Nirvaan is in love with a girl named Nisha, who is later revealed to be Saudamini's daughter. Saudamini casts a spell upon all the family members except Niyati which makes them believe that Nirvaan and Nisha are getting married in a couple of days. In a baffling plot twist, it is revealed that Kanchan is actually working with Saudamini and helping her in her evil plans and that Nisha, who is also in love with Nirvaan, is helpless and letting Saudamini pose as her mom because her real mom is being held captive. During a party at Jalsa, Nirvaan is put under a spell by Saudamini and Kanchan which causes him to misbehave with Nisha following which she reveals to Prithvi and the family that Nirvaan tried to harass her. While Prithvi questions Nirvaan's actions, Niyati supports her brother and lashes out at Nisha and Saudamini, accusing Nisha of falsely framing Nirvaan.

Nisha breaks up with Nirvaan on Saudamini's orders. Nirvaan, who is still under the spell, behaves violently, blames Niyati for the break-up and commits suicide under the spell's influence. Niyati, who was following Saudamini and Nisha to uncover their secret, loses track of them in a forest and comes across a priest who tells her that her house is controlled by evil forces. She rushes home to inform her parents only to find Nirvaan has committed suicide. Grief-stricken Niyati tries to convince the devastated family of the rituals going on in her house only to be rejected by inconsolable Sumati who blames Niyati and reveals to everyone that Niyati is Prithvi's illegitimate child. That same night, Saudamini gets Nisha killed so there is no evidence left to use against her. It is later revealed that Kanchan is Prithvi's niece. Prithvi had ousted his younger brother, Pratap, for betraying him. Afterwards, Pratap was homeless and couldn't even find a job. Due to his unfortunate conditions, he committed suicide and left his pregnant wife Sunaina as a widow. Saudamini is Sunaina's sister and she is seeking justice for her brother-in-law's death. Saudamini wanted to avenge her sister becoming a widow and Kanchan being fatherless by ruining the Khannas.

While everyone is away for Nirvaan's last rites in Haridwar, Niyati is attacked by the house and trapped inside. She is told by the Aghori that she will find the cure to the tantra in Tantra Nagri. Niyati manages to escape from Jalsa and finds a book that tells her where that village used to be. However, before she could find the cure, Niyati gets sent to the mental asylum after everyone is led to believe that she is mentally unstable. After Nirvaan's last rites, Saudamini revealed that she is the tantric that has done tantra on Jalsa. Niyati tries to expose her but Saudamini possesses Niyati with her tantric and gets her to admit that she killed Nirvaan and she is the one who is doing tantra. Seeing all this, Prithvi and Akshat are led to believe that Niyati is under a shock and needs medical treatment. But Niyati manages to escape from the asylum. On the other hand, inspector Bharat has figured out Kanchan's truth and tries to make her confess. He finds out Kanchan and Saudamini are related to one another and they are in cahoots to destroy the Khannas while. Before he can tell Prithvi anything, Kanchan pushes him off a cliff and calls Saudamini for help.

Niyati ends up hiding in Saudamini's trunk after escaping from the asylum and finds out that Kanchan is Saudamini's niece and confronts them. Saudamini and Kanchan reveal to Niyati that Prithvi isn't her real dad, and at the same time Prithvi ends up revealing to the entire family that Niyati isn't his illegitimate child, but his younger brother, Pratap's daughter. Niyati finds out that Kanchan is her twin sister. In the Khanna household, Pratap's real truth is exposed. Pratap had deceived his brother and stolen from him. Pratap was a selfish alcoholic man who only cared about money and not his family. Under the influence of alcohol, he harms Sumati and causes her to miscarry. It is also revealed that Pratap was the one who asked Saudamini to bind the Jalsa with tantra after he committed suicide there.

20 years ago, Niyati was born weaker than Kanchan, so she was shifted to a different hospital for intensive care. The hospital Sunaina and Kanchan were in caught fire but Saudamini saved her sister and niece. Prithvi was under the impression that Sunaina is dead, so he decides to adopt Niyati as he and Sumati had also lost their child. Prithvi tells Sumati that Niyati is his illegitimate child instead of Pratap's daughter because Sumati would not have accepted her baby's killer's child. After learning the truth, the Khanna family is split with people who refuse to accept Niyati (mama, mami, Kartik, Mansi and Sumati) and people who do (dadi, nani and Prithvi).

While Prithvi raised Niyati with love and support, Saudamini led Kanchan down the path of revenge, which Sunaina did not agree with. Once Kanchan is older, she joins an architecture company who is building Jalsa so she could get Saudamini to perform tantra on the house. After revealing everything, Saudamini and Kanchan try to instigate Niyati against the Khanna's, but Niyati refuses to join hands with them. Saudamini tries to kill Niyati so she won't be a hindrance to their plan, but inspector Bharat saves Niyati. However, he gets fatally shot by Saudamini. Kanchan ends up shooting Niyati twice and runs away with Saudamini when Akshat comes to her rescue. Unfortunately, Niyati falls off a cliff, into the lake below, and Akshat jumps after her to save her, but he is unable to find her. Niyati is rescued by a tantric instead and taken to a tantra temple.

Niyati chooses to support Prithvi and along with Akshat, who she later marries, they vow to stand up against the evil forces and protect them from the looming dangers of black magic. Kanchan also captures Akshat's soul in order to ruin Niyati's married life. But at the end, Niyati saves Akshat by releasing his soul from soul world. Kanchan also controls Khanna family against her by performing black magic on them with the help of an actress in the form of sage. But she fails and dies at the end. Niyati, Akshat and her family lives happily ever after.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Sargun Kaur Luthra]] as Niyati Aneja Khanna Kapoor: Sunaina and Pratap's daughter; Sumati and Prithvi's adoptive daughter; Kanchan's sister; Nirvaan's cousin sister; Akshat's wife (2018–2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/juhi-parmar-has-no-qualms-about-playing-mom-on-screen-1395912-2018-11-25|title=Juhi Parmar has no qualms about playing mom on-screen|date=25 November 2018|website=India Today|access-date=9 July 2019|archive-date=13 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213135308/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/juhi-parmar-has-no-qualms-about-playing-mom-on-screen-1395912-2018-11-25|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Gautam Vig]] as Akshat Roy Kapoor: Niyati's best friend turned husband (2018–2019)

===Recurring===
* [[Juhi Parmar]] as Sumati Solanki Khanna: Rukmati's daughter; Prithvi's wife; Nirvaan's mother; Niyati's adoptive mother; Niyati and Kanchan's Chachi (2018–2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catchnews.com/television-news/a-magical-comeback-for-juhi-parmar-141045.html|title=A magical Comeback for Juhi Parmar|date=23 November 2018|website=Catch News|access-date=9 July 2019|archive-date=13 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213135310/https://www.catchnews.com/television-news/a-magical-comeback-for-juhi-parmar-141045.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Manish Goel]] as Prithvi Raj Khanna: Aradhana's son; Pratap's brother; Nirvaan's father; Niyati's adoptive father; Niyati and Kanchan's uncle (2018–2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/interviews/exclusive-not-just-black-magic-tantra-actor-manish-goel-says-the-show-is-more-of-a-social-drama/|title=EXCLUSIVE! 'Not just black magic', Tantra actor Manish Goel says the show is more of a social drama|date=31 October 2018|website=Bollywood Life|access-date=9 July 2019|archive-date=9 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709033126/https://www.bollywoodlife.com/interviews/exclusive-not-just-black-magic-tantra-actor-manish-goel-says-the-show-is-more-of-a-social-drama/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Sameksha]] as Saudamini Nigam: Sunaina's sister; Niyati and Kanchan's aunt; Nisha's fake mother (2018–2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/after-porus-sameksha-is-all-set-to-play-negative-role-in-tantra-1397283-2018-11-27|title=After Porus, Sameksha is all set to play negative role in Tantra|date=27 November 2018|website=India Today|access-date=9 July 2019|archive-date=13 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213135308/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/after-porus-sameksha-is-all-set-to-play-negative-role-in-tantra-1397283-2018-11-27|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Amandeep Sidhu]] as Kanchan Khanna: Pratap and Sunaina's daughter; Niyati's sister (2018-2019)
* [[Kanan Malhotra]] as Nirvaan Khanna: Sumati and Prithvi's son; Parth's brother; Kartik, Mansi, Niyati and Kanchan's cousin brother; Nisha's former fiancé (2018–2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/celebrities/tantra-fusion-family-supernatural-kanan-malhotra/2018/12/04|title=Tantra is a fusion of family and supernatural: Kanan Malhotra|date=4 December 2018|website=IWM Buzz|access-date=9 July 2019|archive-date=13 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213135313/https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/celebrities/tantra-fusion-family-supernatural-kanan-malhotra/2018/12/04|url-status=live}}</ref>
*
* [[Hiten Tejwani]] as Inspector Bharat Singh Rathod (2018–2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/hiten-tejwani-turns-cop-colors-tantra/2018/12/12|title=Hiten Tejwani turns cop for Colors' Tantra|date=12 December 2018|website=IWM Buzz|access-date=9 July 2019|archive-date=14 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414235400/https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/hiten-tejwani-turns-cop-colors-tantra/2018/12/12|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Rohit Khurana]] as Dr. Daksh Mehra (2019)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rohit-khurana-to-join-tantra/articleshow/68034219.cms|title=Rohit Khurana to join 'Tantra'|date=18 February 2019|newspaper=The Times of India|first=Neha|last=Maheshwri|accessdate=11 June 2022|archive-date=10 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610055408/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rohit-khurana-to-join-tantra/articleshow/68034219.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Harsh Vashisht as Ashutosh Shukla
* Munisha Khatwani as Munisha<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/celebrities/similar-fun-loving-tantra-character-real-life-munisha-khatwani/2018/12/07|title=I am very similar to my fun-loving Tantra character in real life: Munisha Khatwani|date=7 December 2018|website=IWM Buzz|access-date=9 July 2019|archive-date=13 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213135314/https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/celebrities/similar-fun-loving-tantra-character-real-life-munisha-khatwani/2018/12/07|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Baby Farida|Farida Dadi]] as Aradhana Devi Khanna: Pratap and Prithvi's mother; Niyati, Nirvaan, Parth and Kanchan's grandmother
* Nayan Bhatt as Rukmati Devi Solanki: Sumati's mother; Nirvaan, Parth, Kartik and Mansi's grandmother
* Gauri Tonk as Sunaina Khanna: Pratap's wife; Niyati and Kanchan's mother
* [[Gurpreet Singh (actor)|Gurpreet Singh]] as Pratap Khanna: Prithvi's brother; Sunaina's husband; Niyati and Kanchan's father
* [[Garima Jain]] as Nisha: Saudamini's fake daughter; Nirvaan's former fiancée<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/shakti-actress-garima-jain-joins-the-cast-of-tantra/articleshow/67181024.cms|title='Shakti' actress Garima Jain joins the cast of 'Tantra'|date=20 December 2018|website=Times of India|access-date=9 July 2019|archive-date=13 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213135302/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/shakti-actress-garima-jain-joins-the-cast-of-tantra/articleshow/67181024.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Ved Thappar as Aghori Baba<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/dr-ved-thapar-turn-guruji-colors-tantra/2019/01/22|title=Dr. Ved Thapar to turn 'guruji' for Colors' Tantra|date=22 January 2019|website=IWM Buzz|access-date=9 July 2019|archive-date=13 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213135314/https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/dr-ved-thapar-turn-guruji-colors-tantra/2019/01/22|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Sujay Reu]] as Kartik
* [[Vaidehi Nair]] as Mansi
* [[Meghan Jadhav]] as Parth
* Monika Shilpkar as Geeta, the housemaid and Mohan's wife

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.colorstv.com/mena/shows/tantra-3859.html Official Website]
* {{IMDb title|tt9203736|Tantra}}

{{Colors Programmes}}

[[Category:Indian supernatural television series]]
[[Category:2018 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]
[[Category:Swastik Productions television series]]
[[Category:2019 Indian television series endings]]

Arun Kumar Yadav (Bhojpur politician)

2026-04-18T22:32:33Z

JudyK9023223: put up new bio

{{Short description|Indian politician based in Bihar}}
{{Distinguish|Arun Kumar Yadav (Saharsa politician)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Arun Kumar Yadav
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] (MLA) of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2015
| term_end = 2020
| predecessor = [[Sanjay Singh Tiger]]
| successor = [[Kiran Devi Yadav]]
| constituency = [[Sandesh Assembly constituency|Sandesh]]
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1965}}
| birth_place = [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur]], [[Bihar]], India
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| birth_name =
| spouse = [[Kiran Devi Yadav]]
| father = Bhuvneshwar Prasad Singh
| mother =
| party = [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| relations = [[Vijendra Kumar Yadav|Vijendra Yadav]] (brother)
| children =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession = Politician
}}

'''Arun Kumar Yadav''' (born 1965) is an Indian politician and a member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]. He represented the [[Sandesh Assembly constituency|Sandesh]] constituency in [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur district]] of [[Bihar]]. Arun Yadav was elected in 2015 as a member of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] (RJD).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.electionsinindia.com/bihar/sandesh-assembly-vidhan-sabha-constituency-elections|title=Bihar Legislative Assembly|website=election in india|access-date=1 October 2022|archive-date=16 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200450/https://www.electionsinindia.com/bihar/sandesh-assembly-vidhan-sabha-constituency-elections|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://myneta.info/bihar2015/candidate.php?candidate_id=1418 |title=Arun Kumar Yadav (RJD), Constituency: Sandesh |work=Myneta.info |date=1 October 2022}}</ref>

==Career==
In [[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], Arun Yadav and his elder brother [[Vijendra Kumar Yadav|Vijendra Yadav]] both contested against each other from [[Sandesh Assembly constituency|Sandesh]] constituency. But both of them lost to [[Sanjay Singh Tiger]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/sandesh-bihar-assembly-constituency |title=Sandesh: Bihar Assembly constituency |work=Result University |access-date=1 October 2022 }}</ref>

In [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], Arun Yadav won the Sandesh seat by defeating [[Sanjay Singh Tiger]].

==Family==
Arun Yadav is married to [[Kiran Devi Yadav]]. His elder brother [[Vijendra Kumar Yadav]] has served 2 times as MLA of [[Sandesh Assembly constituency|Sandesh]] constituency from 2000 to Feb 2005 and Oct 2005 to 2010.

In [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], Arun Yadav's wife Kiran Yadav ([[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]]) defeated Vijendra Yadav ([[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]) from Sandesh.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://myneta.info/Bihar2020/candidate.php?candidate_id=9622 |title=Kiran Devi (RJD), Constituency: Sandesh |work=Myneta.info |date=1 October 2020}}</ref>

==2015 Criminal charges==
In his election affidavit of 2015,
Arun Kumar Yadav has mentioned that he has 13 criminal cases upon him including murder, attempt to murder, kidnapping and extortion cases.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://myneta.info/bihar2015/candidate.php?candidate_id=1418 |title=Arun Kumar Yadav (RJD), Constituency: Sandesh |work=Myneta.info |date=1 October 2022}}</ref>

==2019 Rape case==
Arun Kumar Yadav is accused of [[rape|raping]] a minor girl at [[Arrah]] on 18 July 2019. When Yadav did not appear in the court after repeated summons, a warrant and order for seizure of his property were issued and he was declared an absconder by court on February 27, 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/exrjdmla-surrenders-in-court-in-minor-s-rape-case-101657987516359-amp.html |title=Ex-RJD MLA surrenders in court in minor's rape case |work=The Hindustan Times |date=16 July 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-rjd-ex-mla-arun-yadav-husband-of-kiran-devi-charge-sheeted-in-misdeed-with-teen-age-girl-23014114.html |title=राजद विधायक के पति की दुष्‍कर्म मामले में बढ़ी मुश्‍क‍िल, नाबालिग लड़की ने कोर्ट को बताई पूरी बात |work=Dainik Jagran |date=26 August 2022 }}</ref>

Arun Yadav surrendered in the Special [[Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act (POCSO)|POCSO]] court of [[Arrah]] on 16 July 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/charges-framed-against-ex-rjd-mla-in-rape-case/articleshow/93789413.cms |title=Bihar: Charges framed against ex-RJD MLA in rape case |work=The Times of India |date=26 August 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/bhojpur-former-mla-of-rjd-from-sandesh-arun-yadav-surrenders-in-court-bramk-4396007.html |title=रेप केस में फरार चल रहे RJD के पूर्व विधायक अरूण यादव ने आरा कोर्ट में किया सरेंडर |work=News18 |date=16 July 2022 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Arun Kumar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2015–2020]]

Pranna Shangloo

2026-04-17T10:43:29Z

JudyK9023223: added

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1952)}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Pranna Shangloo
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1952}}
| birth_place = [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India
| occupation = Actress (television, theatre, radio)
| years_active = 1970s–1990s
| known_for = The first Kashmiri television actress
| spouse = Kidar Nath
| children = 2
| education = [[Women's College Srinagar]]
}}

'''Pranna Shangloo''' (born 1952) is an Indian former television, theatre, and [[radio actress]], regarded as one of the earliest female television performers from the [[Kashmir Valley]]. She is also the first [[Kashmiris|Kashmiri]] television actress and is known for her contributions to theatre and broadcasting during the initial years of Kashmiri media.

== Early life and education ==
Shangloo was born in 1952 into a [[Kashmiri Pandit]] family in [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref name="KashmirLife">{{cite web | last=Life | first=Kashmir | title=Looking Back at Life | website=Kashmir Life - Latest News & Breaking News from Kashmir | date=2026-04-05 | url=https://kashmirlife.net/looking-back-at-life-issue21-vol06-62859/ | access-date=2026-04-16}}</ref> She received her early education at Vasant School in the Kral Khud area of [[Habba Kadal]] and later graduated in arts from [[Government College for Women, M.A. Road Srinagar|Women's College, Srinagar]].<ref name="KashmirLife"/>

From an early age, she was interest in acting and participated in school and college performances, eventually deciding to pursue acting as a career.<ref name="KashmirLife"/>

== Career ==
=== Theatre and radio ===
Shangloo began her acting career in 1970s, performing in various stage productions in Kashmir and outside. Her early prominence came with the play ''Araam Haram Hai'', which gained critical appreciation and helped establish her career as an actress.<ref name="KashmirLife"/>

She later worked with Radio Kashmir, Srinagar (now [[AIR Srinagar]]) where she appeared in popular programs such as ''Zoon Dab''. Her theatre background influenced her acting style, which she described as more natural due to live performance experience.<ref name="KashmirLife"/>

=== Television and film ===
Following her success in theatre and radio, Shangloo moved to television, becoming one of the first women from Kashmir to appear on the medium. She worked in various television productions and also acted in feature films, including, ''Heera Lal Panna Lal'', ''Baed Baav'', ''Jyoti Baney Jawala''.<ref name="KashmirLife"/>

In [[Heeralaal Pannalaal (film)|''Heera Lal Panna Lal'']], she portrayed former [[Indian Prime Minister]] [[Indira Gandhi]]. She also appeared in the television serial ''Katha Sagar'', alongside actors such as [[Om Puri]] and [[Naseeruddin Shah]].<ref name="KashmirLife"/>

Her performances earned recognition from prominent figures, including political leaders such as [[Mirza Afzal Beg|Afzal Beigh]] and [[Farooq Abdullah]].<ref name="KashmirLife"/>

== Personal life ==
During the early years of her career, acting particularly for women in television, was [[Social stigma|socially stigmatized]] in Kashmir. Shangloo faced resistance after marriage, as her in-laws initially opposed her profession, though her husband supported her decision to continue acting.<ref name="KashmirLife"/>

She continued her work through the turbulent 1990s in Kashmir, remaining in the Valley while many [[Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus|Kashmiri Pandits migrated]].<ref name="KashmirLife"/>

In the 1990s, during the period of [[insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]], Shangloo stopped her acting career and focused on family responsibilities. Following the marriage of her daughter, she and her husband, Kidar Nath, an employee in a [[semi-government]] department, sold their residential house in Srinagar and relocated to rented accommodation in Chadoora, [[Budgam district]].<ref name="TheWeek">{{cite web | last=Bhat | first=Tariq | title=Home alone | website=The Week | date=2021-03-07 | url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/statescan/2021/02/25/home-alone.html | access-date=2026-04-16}}</ref>

After Nath's death in 2009 and the subsequent departure of their son from Kashmir in 2010, Shangloo experienced a decline in her financial circumstances. In the years that followed, she has lived in her daughter's house and faced ongoing health challenges.<ref name="TheWeek"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shangloo, Pranna}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:Actresses from Srinagar]]

Vanastree

2026-04-16T04:28:32Z

JudyK9023223: Started a entry

{{Infobox organization
| name = Vanastree
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| image = File:Ram Nath Kovind presenting the Nari Shakti Puruskar for the year 2017 to Vanastree, Sirsi, Karnataka (Institutional), at a function, on the occasion of the International Women’s Day, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt = Woman on left awarded prize by Indian President on right
| caption = A representative of Vanastree receiving the 2017 [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]]
| origins = 2008
| language = [[Kannada]]
| awards = [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]]
| website = {{URL|vanastree.org/}}
}}

'''Vanastree''' is a farming and conservation project registered in 2008, in [[Uttara Kannada]], in the Indian state of [[Karnataka]].<ref name="DH-2009" /><ref name="Kalpavriksh">{{cite web |title=Malnad Home Garden & Seed Exchange Collective |url=https://kalpavriksh.org/our-work/conservation-livelihoods/malnad-home-garden-seed-exchange-collective/ |website=Kalpavriksh |access-date=25 June 2022 |date=1 August 2020}}</ref> In [[Kannada]], Vanastree means "Women of the Forest".<ref name="DH-2009">{{cite news |last1=Pailoor |first1=Anitha |title=Vanastree: Empowering women |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/12134/vanastree-empowering-women.html |access-date=25 June 2022 |work=Deccan Herald |date=6 July 2009 |language=en}}</ref> As of 2013, Vanastree numbered 150 women [[Sustainable agriculture|farming sustainably]] and it promotes [[seed exchange]].<ref name="DH-2013">{{cite news |last1=Achanta |first1=Pushpa |title=Realities of the landless woman farmer |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/318870/realities-landless-woman-farmer.html |access-date=25 June 2022 |work=Deccan Herald |date=14 March 2013 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ET">{{cite news |last1=V |first1=Nirupama |title=Closing time! Malnad Mela in Bengaluru comes to an end after 16 years |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/its-curtains-for-malnad-mela-in-bengaluru/articleshow/56664345.cms |access-date=25 June 2022 |work=The Economic Times |agency=ET Bureau |date=19 January 2017}}</ref> By 2017, Vanastree products were available for sale in [[Bengaluru]], the capital of Karnataka.<ref name="ET" /> The same year, Vanastree was awarded the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]] in recognition of its achievements.<ref name="MM">{{cite news |title=Maharashtra's Sindhutai Sapkal, Urmila Apte to be honoured with Naari Shakti 2017 awards |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/maharashtras-sindhutai-sapkal-urmila-apte-to-be-honoured-with-naari-shakti-2017-awards/articleshow/63204935.cms |access-date=25 June 2022 |work=Mumbai Mirror |date=7 March 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

The Vanastree garden in [[Sirsi, Karnataka|Sirsi]] has saved seeds from over 100 types of vegetables.<ref name="TS">{{cite news |last1=Gandhi |first1=Maneka |title=For an organic world |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/features/for-an-organic-world-1502599286.html |access-date=25 June 2022 |work=The Statesman |date=11 March 2018}}</ref> Sisters Mala and Sonia Dhawan worked with Vanastree and then set up the handicrafts organisation A Hundred Hands.<ref name="TNE">{{cite news |last1=Sebastian |first1=Shevlin |title=A hundred hands on deck |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2019/dec/19/a-hundred-hands-on-deck-2078134.html |access-date=25 June 2022 |work=The New Indian Express |date=19 December 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Nari Shakti Puraskar}}

[[Category:2008 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Nari Shakti Puraskar winners]]

Akbar Masood

2026-04-08T05:34:17Z

JudyK9023223: put up new details - done

{{Short description|Vice Chancellor}}

{{Multiple issues|
{{Resume-like|date=December 2024}}
{{BLP sources|date=December 2024}}
}}
[[File:VC BGSBU.jpg|thumb|Professor Akbar Masood]]

'''Akbar Masood''' is an Indian academic who was the Vice Chancellor of [[Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] until October 2024. He had served as the Dean of Academic Affairs at the [[University of Kashmir]]. He has an MSc from [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and a PhD from the [[Indian Institute of Toxicology Research]]. He remained associated with the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Kashmir as a member of the faculty since 1988.
<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vidwan {{!}} Profile Page|url=https://vidwan.inflibnet.ac.in/profile/22206|access-date=2022-02-20|website=vidwan.inflibnet.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Network|first=KL News|date=2021-02-13|title=Prof Akbar Masood Is New Vice-Chancellor Of BGSBU|url=https://kashmirlife.net/prof-akbar-masood-is-new-vice-chancellor-of-bgsbu-259802/|access-date=2022-02-20|website=Kashmir Life}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Vice Chancellor's Message to BGSBU Students|url=https://www.bgsbu.ac.in/vice_chanclr|access-date=2022-02-20|website=www.bgsbu.ac.in}}</ref> He was appointed Vice-Chancellor of Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University in February 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Geelani|first=Syed Rizwan|title=Prof Akbar Masood appointed as new Vice Chancellor BGSBU Rajouri|url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/editorial/prof-akbar-masood-appointed-as-new-vice-chancellor-bgsbu-rajouri|access-date=2022-02-20|website=Greater Kashmir|date=13 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
*https://www.bgsbu.ac.in/

{{Authority control}}

{{Improve categories|date=February 2022}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Masood, Akbar}}
[[Category:Indian academic administrators]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Universities in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Kashmir]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]

{{India-academic-bio-stub}}

Vadodara

2026-03-27T18:12:20Z

JudyK9023223: further update formatting after review per sources

{{Redirect|Baroda|other uses|Baroda (disambiguation)}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{pp-move|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vadodara
| other_name = Baroda
| official_name =
| settlement_type = [[Metropolis]]
| image_skyline = {{Multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 270
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/2/2
| image1 = LakshmiVilas Palace.jpg
| image5 =Vadodara Bus Terminal Exterior.jpg
| image4 = Baroda Museum01.jpg
| image6 =NyayM.jpg
| image7 =NEW BDQ AIRPORT.jpg
| image2= Pratap Villas Palace.jpg
| image3= Vadodara Municipal Corporation.jpg
}}
| image_caption = '''Clockwise from top:'''<br/> [[Lakshmi Vilas Palace]], [[Khanderao Market]], [[Vadodara Bus Station|Central Bus Terminal]], [[Vadodara Airport]], Nyay Mandir, [[Baroda Museum & Picture Gallery|Baroda Museum]], [[National Academy of Indian Railways|Pratap Vilas Palace]]
| nicknames = Sayaji Nagari (City of Sayajirao), Sanskrutik Nagari (Cultural City), Kala Nagari (City of Art)
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the Indian state of [[Gujarat]]##Location within India
| coordinates = {{Coord|22|18|N|73|12|E|region:IN-GJ|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{Flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of Gujarat.svg}} [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Vadodara district|Vadodara]]
| governing_body = [[Vadodara Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title1 = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader_name1 = Chiragbhai Dilipbhai Barot<ref name="Vadodara Municipal Corporation">{{Cite web |title=Vadodara Municipal Corporation |url=https://vmc.gov.in/ |date=16 June 2024 |access-date=1 October 2017 |archive-date=9 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209153132/https://vmc.gov.in/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="zone"/>
| area_total_km2 = 420.33
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 35.5
| population_footnotes = <ref name="WG">[http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Census 2011] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723151530/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |date=23 July 2013 }}. censusindia.gov.in</ref>
| population_total = 31,00,260 {{cn|date=March 2026}}
| population_as_of = 2022 {{cn|date=March 2026}}
| population_rank = 20th (3rd in Gujarat)
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro = 3.50 million
| population_blank1_title = Metro rank
| population_blank1 = 22nd
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 390 0XX
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = (91)265
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN]]
| registration_plate = GJ-06 (Urban), GJ-29 (Rural)
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Literacy Rate]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = 94.5%
| blank5_name_sec1 = Legislature Strength
| blank5_info_sec1 = 76<ref name="zone"/>
| blank6_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank6_info_sec1 = [[Vadodara Lok Sabha constituency|Vadodara]]<ref name="LSMLA"/>
| blank7_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank7_info_sec1 = 10<ref name="MLA"/>
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India#Tropical wet|Tropical savanna]] {{Small|([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: Aw)}}
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Urban planning]] agency
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[Vadodara Urban Development Authority|VUDA]]
| website = {{URL|www.vmc.gov.in}}
| pushpin_label = Vadodara
| population_demonym = Barodian
| leader_party = [[BJP]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = Pinkyben Nirajbhai Soni<ref name="Vadodara Municipal Corporation"/>
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| image_map =
}}

'''Vadodara''' ({{IPA|gu|ˌʋəˈɖo.d̪ɾɐ̯|lang|Vadodarapronun.flac}}), also known as '''Baroda''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://vadodara.nic.in/history/ |access-date=2025-04-27 |website=District Vadodara |publisher=Government of Gujarat |language=en-IN}}</ref> is a city on the banks of the [[Vishwamitri River]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]]. It serves as the administrative headquarters of the [[Vadodara district]]. The city is named for its abundance of [[banyan]] (''vad'') trees. Vadodara is also locally referred to as the ''Sanskrutik Nagari'' ({{Translation|'Cultural City'}}) and ''Kala Nagari'' ({{Translation|'City of Art'}})<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.baroda.com/aboutvadodara.php|title=About Vadodara|website=www.baroda.com|access-date=2019-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411052514/http://www.baroda.com/aboutvadodara.php|archive-date=11 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> of India.

The city is prominent for landmarks such as the [[Laxmi Vilas Palace, Vadodara|Laxmi Vilas Palace]], which served as the residence of the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] royal [[Gaekwad dynasty]] that ruled over [[Baroda State]]. It is also the home of the [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]].<ref>{{citation|url=https://vmc.gov.in/|title=Vadodara Municipal Corporation|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=9 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209153132/https://vmc.gov.in/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Etymology==
{{more citations needed section|date=August 2022}}
[[File:Street scene in Baroda (c. 1880).jpg|thumb|left|Street scene in Baroda (''circa'' 1880)]]
The city was once called Chandanavati after Raja Chandan of the Dod Parmar Rajputs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIDHI+ |url=https://nidhi.tourism.gov.in/home/details/1ce69b11-c513-4e98-8148-38e86d45c0f6 |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=nidhi.tourism.gov.in}}</ref> The capital was also known as Virakshetra (Land of Warriors). Later, it was known as Vadpatraka or Vadodará, and according to tradition, is a corrupt form of the [[Sanskrit]] word ''vatodara'', meaning "in the belly of the banyan tree". It is, as of 2009, almost impossible to ascertain when the various changes in the name were made; early English travelers and merchants of the 15th century mention the town as Baroda,<ref name=painting>{{cite web|date=1781|work=Collect Britain, British Library|title=Hand Painting of Bridge over the River Vishwamitri, near Brodera|url=http://www.collectbritain.com/personalisation/object.cfm?uid=019XZZ0000455C9U00087000&largeimage=1#largeimage|access-date=3 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928134532/http://www.collectbritain.com/personalisation/object.cfm?uid=019XZZ0000455C9U00087000&largeimage=1#largeimage|archive-date=28 September 2007|url-status=live}}
</ref> and it is from this that the name Baroda is derived; in 1974 (well after independence), the official name of the city was changed to Vadodara.

==History==
===Prehistory===
At [[Akota]], now a suburb of [[Vadodara]], excavations have found rich [[microlith]] deposits, providing early evidence of habitation in the area. These prehistoric people took part in hunting and fishing and lived no later than 1000 BCE. <ref name="Gazetteer 1979">{{cite book |last1=Rajyagor |first1=S.B. |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Vadodara |date=1979 |publisher=Directorate of Government Printing, Stationery, and Publications |location=Ahmadabad |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3201 |access-date=4 May 2023}}</ref>{{rp|79}}

===First millennium CE===
By the first centuries CE, Akota was the site of a commercial town with far-reaching trade links. Known in antiquity as ''Aṅkoṭṭaka'', it had well-built houses made from burnt bricks. Two re-struck coins of the early [[Western Satraps]] have been found here, along with artifacts possibly of Greco-Roman origin. A [[Gupta dynasty|Gupta]]-era coin has also been found here.<ref name="Gazetteer 1979"/>{{rp|80–2}}

Akota flourished under the [[Maitraka dynasty]], although it experienced periodic severe flooding. A huge hoard of Jain bronzes, largely dating from this period, was found at Akota's old site, indicating that the city was a centre of [[Jainism]]. The bronzes include images of various [[tirthankara]]s as well as an elephant-shaped incense burner. Many of them have inscriptions that have been used to indicate when they were made.<ref name="Gazetteer 1979"/>{{rp|82–3}}

In the 6th century, the town's inhabitants shifted away from the river to a new site near Akota's modern centre. At Kothi, which also now forms part of Vadodara, evidence of habitation also first emerges during this period.<ref name="Gazetteer 1979"/>{{rp|82}}

An early mention of Vadodara itself is in an 812 [[copper-plate grant]] of the [[Rashtrakuta dynasty]]. It records Karka Suvarṇavasha, second ruler of [[Branches of Rashtrakuta dynasty|the Lata branch of the Rashtrakutas]], giving the village of ''Vaḍapadraka'', in the province of Aṅkoṭṭaka and identified with present-day Vadodara, to a Brahmin from [[Valabhi]]. Meanwhile, Akota continued to flourish during this period.<ref name="Gazetteer 1979"/>{{rp|83–4}}

===Chaulukya period: from village to city===
By the 11th century, under the [[Chaulukya dynasty]], Vadodara appears to have gained in importance. A plate dated to 1077 mentions a battle on the bank of the Vishvamitri river in the [[vishaya]] of ''Vaṭapadraka'', which had evidently replaced the earlier province of Aṅkoṭṭaka. The Akota bronzes continue until the 11th century but cease thereafter. The main centre of Jainism in the area shifted to Vadodara. By this period, Vadodara is referred to as a ''pura'', or city, rather than just a village.<ref name="Gazetteer 1979"/>{{rp|85–6}}

A manuscript of the Panchavastuka written at Vadodara in 1123 indicates that the province of [[Lata (region)|Lāṭa]] was then governed by Santūka, a minister of the Chaulukya king [[Jayasimha Siddharaja]]. At some point, Santūka organised a [[rathayatra]], or chariot procession, at ''Vaṭapadraka''. Several other manuscripts from Vadodara are known from this period, including a [[Prakrit]] work composed by Chandraprabhasuri in 1128 along with two copies of Jain works made in 1156 and 1168 respectively. Another manuscript, although copied at [[Dabhoi]], was written by a scribe named Vosari whose father was a [[pandit]] named Kesava who came from Vadodara.<ref name="Gazetteer 1979"/>{{rp|85–6}}

During this period, merchants from Vadodara contributed to the temples at the Chaulukya capital of [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]]. At some point, the minister Tejpal, returning from a victory at [[Godhra]], stopped at Vadodara for several days and renovated the local shrine of [[Parshvanatha]]. Around 1264, shrines to [[Mahavira]] and [[Adishvara]] were built at Vadodara by one Pethad Shah.<ref name="Gazetteer 1979"/>{{rp|86}}

===Delhi Sultanate===
Under the [[Delhi Sultanate]], Vadodara was home to a group of Afghan amirs known collectively as the ''Amir-i Sadgan'', or "the nobles of the hundred", because each one commanded a force of 100 cavalry. In 1344, during the reign of [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]], they revolted. Led by one Qazi Jalal, they defeated Muqbil, the sultan's main deputy in Gujarat, in a decisive battle near Dabhoi. They went on to occupy a large territory stretching from [[Kadi, Gujarat|Kadi]] in the north to [[Bharuch]] in the south, and from [[Khambhat]] in the west to the hill country in the east. In 1345, Muhammad bin Tughluq led an army to Gujarat to put down the rebellion and, after initially camping at Pandu Mewas, defeated them in battle at Bharuch.<ref name="Gazetteer 1979"/>{{rp|87–9}}

===Gujarat Sultanate===
[[Muzaffar Shah I]], founder of the [[Gujarat Sultanate]], appointed his son Firuz Khan as governor of Vadodara at some point. After Muzaffar Shah's death in 1411, he was succeeded by his grandson [[Ahmad Shah I]] (Firuz's nephew). Firuz immediately laid claim to the throne. Because the sultanate's central authority in central and southern Gujarat was weak at this point, Firuz had little trouble assembling an army at Vadodara. He then marched to [[Nadiad]] and then to Bharuch, which he seized by force. Ultimately, the rebellion dissipated without a pitched battle: internal tensions had already arisen among Firuz Khan's main allies, and when Ahmad Shah offered them amnesty in return for standing down, they readily complied. Firuz Khan was forgiven and given [[Navsari]] as a [[jagir]], thus giving up his position as governor of Vadodara.<ref name="Gazetteer 1979"/>{{rp|90}}

In 1451, Vadodara was sacked by troops under [[Mahmud Khalji]], ruler of the [[Malwa Sultanate]]. Later, during the reign of [[Mahmud Begada]], a major re-foundation of Vadodara took place. A new city called ''Daulatabad'' was built, close to the old site. The Muslim name evidently did not stick, but the city itself did, and this new foundation became the basis for the modern city of Vadodara. A later atlas by [[John Ogilby]] refers to people moving from the old town to the new one.<ref name="Gazetteer 1979"/>{{rp|92}}

===Mughal Empire===
After [[Akbar]] conquered Gujarat in 1573, he gave Vadodara to one Nawab Aurang Khan. There was an administrative reform under Akbar's reign, and Raja [[Todar Mal]] conducted a land survey of parts of Gujarat. Vadodara, however, does not seem to have been included in this survey.<ref name="Gazetteer 1979"/>{{rp|93–4}}

In the late 1600s, Gujarat was increasingly attacked by Maratha and Koli raids. One raid, by the Kolis, hit Vadodara in 1705; they looted the city for two days.<ref name="Gazetteer 1979"/>{{rp|94–5}}

===Baroda State===
{{main|Baroda State|Gaekwad dynasty}}

==Geography==
Vadodara is located at {{coord|22.30|N|73.19|E|}} in western India at an elevation of {{convert|39|m|abbr=on|disp=flip}}. It is the 10th-largest city in India with an area of {{convert|400|km2|abbr=on}} and a population of 3.5 million, according to the 2010–11 census. The city sits on the banks of the [[Vishwamitri River]], in central Gujarat. The Vishwamitri frequently dries up in the summer, leaving only a small stream of water. The city is located on the fertile plain between the [[Mahi River|Mahi]] and [[Narmada River]]s. According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, the cosmopolis falls under [[Earthquake hazard zoning of India|seismic zone-III]], on a scale of I to V (in order of increasing proneness to earthquakes).<ref name=hazardprofile>{{cite web|url=http://www.gsdma.org/hazard/eq/200_year.jpg |title=Gujarat Earthquake Hazard Risk Zone |access-date=23 August 2006 |publisher=Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929061637/http://www.gsdma.org/hazard/eq/200_year.jpg |archive-date=29 September 2007 }}</ref>

===Climate===
Vadodara features a borderline [[tropical savanna climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Aw'') that despite the roughly {{convert|950|mm|in|0|disp=or|abbr=on}} of rain that the city receives annually is due to the area's high [[potential evapotranspiration]] very close to being classified as a [[semi-arid climate#Hot semi-arid climates|hot semi-arid climate]] (''BSh''). There are three main seasons: summer, [[monsoon]] and winter. Aside from the monsoon season, the climate is dry. The weather is hot during March to July, when the average maximum is {{convert|39|°C|°F|1|disp=or}}, and the average minimum is {{convert|24|°C|°F|1|disp=or}}. From November to February, the average maximum temperature is {{convert|30|°C|disp=or}}, the average minimum is {{convert|15|°C|disp=or}}, and the climate is extremely dry. Cold northerly winds are responsible for mildly chilly days in January. The southwest monsoon brings a humid climate from mid-June to mid-September. The average rainfall is {{convert|95|cm|in|abbr=on}}, but infrequent, torrential rains cause the river to flood<ref name="Weatherbase">{{cite web|title=Baroda, India (2~35 kilometers)|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=74724&units=metric|access-date=6 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211144022/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=74724&units=metric|archive-date=11 December 2013|url-status=live}}{{better source needed|date=December 2013}}</ref> like the [[2005 Gujarat Flood|2005 Gujarat flood]] or the [[2008 Indian floods]], which were catastrophic.<ref name="floods">{{cite web | url=http://www.iahv.org/in-en/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Gujarat-Floods-2005-Report.pdf | title=Gujarat Floods 2005: Project Report | publisher=International Association for Human Values and the Art of Living | date=2005 | access-date=2 November 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112001510/http://www.iahv.org/in-en/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Gujarat-Floods-2005-Report.pdf | archive-date=12 January 2016 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The highest recorded temperature was {{convert|46.7|C}} on 11 May 1960 crossed with {{convert|48.0|C}} on 19 May 2016,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.accuweather.com/en/in/vadodara/202439/may-weather/202439|title=Vadodara May Weather 2016 – AccuWeather Forecast for Gujarat India|access-date=26 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930070904/http://www.accuweather.com/en/in/vadodara/202439/may-weather/202439|archive-date=30 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> while the lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|-1.1|C}} on 15 January 1935.<ref name="IMD">{{cite web |url=http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf |title=Ever Recorded Maximum/Minimum Temperature up to 2010 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |access-date=16 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316064314/http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf |archive-date=16 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{weather box|width = auto
|location = [[Vadodara Airport]] (1991-2020, extremes 1952-present)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 37.4
| Feb record high C = 40.6
| Mar record high C = 44.2
| Apr record high C = 45.9
| May record high C = 46.2
| Jun record high C = 45.6
| Jul record high C = 40.1
| Aug record high C = 39.1
| Sep record high C = 41.1
| Oct record high C = 41.4
| Nov record high C = 39.4
| Dec record high C = 37.2
|year record high C = 46.2
| Jan high C = 29.4
| Feb high C = 32.1
| Mar high C = 36.5
| Apr high C = 39.3
| May high C = 40.1
| Jun high C = 37.3
| Jul high C = 32.6
| Aug high C = 31.7
| Sep high C = 33.2
| Oct high C = 35.8
| Nov high C = 33.8
| Dec high C = 30.8
|year high C = 34.4
| Jan low C = 13.2
| Feb low C = 15.4
| Mar low C = 19.7
| Apr low C = 24.2
| May low C = 27.4
| Jun low C = 27.6
| Jul low C = 26.1
| Aug low C = 25.5
| Sep low C = 25.2
| Oct low C = 22.7
| Nov low C = 18.0
| Dec low C = 14.3
|year low C = 21.6
| Jan record low C = 2.8
| Feb record low C = 3.9
| Mar record low C = 9.3
| Apr record low C = 14.4
| May record low C = 19.4
| Jun record low C = 21.2
| Jul record low C = 22.2
| Aug record low C = 21.7
| Sep record low C = 18.1
| Oct record low C = 12.8
| Nov record low C = 6.0
| Dec record low C = 5.5
|year record low C = 2.8
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 4.4
| Feb rain mm = 0.0
| Mar rain mm = 0.1
| Apr rain mm = 1.3
| May rain mm = 3.6
| Jun rain mm = 128.8
| Jul rain mm = 363.7
| Aug rain mm = 316.1
| Sep rain mm = 163.0
| Oct rain mm = 15.5
| Nov rain mm = 3.7
| Dec rain mm = 2.0
|year rain mm = 1001.1
| Jan rain days = 0.3
| Feb rain days = 0.0
| Mar rain days = 0.0
| Apr rain days = 0.1
| May rain days = 0.2
| Jun rain days = 4.2
| Jul rain days = 13.8
| Aug rain days = 12.2
| Sep rain days = 6.8
| Oct rain days = 1.2
| Nov rain days = 0.3
| Dec rain days = 0.2
|year rain days = 39.4
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 38
| Feb humidity = 31
| Mar humidity = 26
| Apr humidity = 24
| May humidity = 32
| Jun humidity = 52
| Jul humidity = 74
| Aug humidity = 74
| Sep humidity = 65
| Oct humidity = 46
| Nov humidity = 41
| Dec humidity = 42
|year humidity = 45
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Baroda (A) Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 111–112
| access-date = 28 September 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M49
| access-date = 28 September 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDcityextremes2>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230101061732/https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| archive-date = 1 January 2023
| title = Climatological Tables 1991-2020
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| access-date = 1 January 2023
| page = 21}}</ref>
}}Vadodara has been ranked 6th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |access-date=19 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914164336/https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Demographics==
[[File:Ganesh Chaturthi -Waghodia Road-JKSP-25-08-2017-0192.jpg|alt=Ganesh Chaturthi Celebration|thumb|250px|Ganesh Chaturthi Celebration at JKSP Home Vadodara]]
At the time of the 2011 census of India, Vadodara Municipal Corporation and associated outgrowths had a population of 1,670,806. About 9.45% of the population was under 6 years of age. Vadodara had a sex ratio of 920 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 90.48%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 6.63% and 4.07% of the population, respectively.<ref name="census">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook - Vadodara |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/398/download/1240/DH_2011_2419_PART_A_DCHB_VADODARA.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Vadodara (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|85.39}}
{{bar percent|[[Gujarati Muslims|Islam]]|green|11.20}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism in Gujarat|Jainism]]|pink|2.02}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Gujarat|Christianity]]|blue|0.82}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|0.45}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.20}}
|caption=Distribution of religions
}}

[[Hinduism]] was the main religion, practiced by 85.39% of the population. [[Gujarati Muslims|Islam]] was the second-largest religion (11.20%). [[Jainism in Gujarat|Jains]] were 2.02%, [[Christianity in Gujarat|Christians]] 0.82%, and [[Sikhism|Sikhs]] 0.45%.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Population by Religion - Gujarat |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11373/download/14486/DDW24C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{Historical population
| source = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.populstat.info/Asia/indiat.htm |title=Historical Census of India |access-date=23 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217053707/http://www.populstat.info/Asia/indiat.htm |archive-date=17 February 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="census"/>
| 1820 | 100000
| 1865 | 140000
| 1881 | 101800
| 1891 | 116400
| 1901 | 103790
| 1911 | 99345
| 1921 | 94712
| 1931 | 112860
| 1941 | 153301
| 1951 | 211407
| 1961 | 309716
| 1968 | 400700
| 1971 | 467487
| 1981 | 734473
| 1991 | 1031346
| 2001 | 1338244
| 2011 | 1670806
}}

{{Wide image|UWoB2011.jpg|800px|United Way of Baroda Navratri Garba Festival}}

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Vadodara (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] |value1 = 71.37 |color1 = skyblue
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 14.83 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value3 = 7.60 |color3 = red
|label4 = [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] |value4 = 1.91 |color4 = limegreen
|label5 = Others |value5 =4.29 |color5 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 71.37% of the population spoke [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], 14.83% [[Hindi]], 7.60% [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and 1.91% [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Population by Mother Tongue (Town level) - Gujarat |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10250/download/13362/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2400.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Economy==
In Vadodara, various large-scale industries such as [[Gujarat Refinery]] of [[Indian Oil Corporation]], [[Gujarat State Fertilizers and Chemicals|Gujarat State Fertilizers & Chemicals]], [[Reliance Industries|Vadodara Manufacturing Division]] (formerly [[Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited|IPCL]]) of [[Reliance Industries Limited]], [[Deepak Nitrite]], Parikh Industries, Linde Engineering India, and [[Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Limited]] have come up in the vicinity of [[Gujarat Refinery]]. Other large-scale public-sector units are Heavy Water Project, [[GIPCL Vadodara Gas based Power Station|Gujarat Industries Power Company Limited (GIPCL)]], [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation]] and [[GAIL|Gas Authority of India Limited]]. Vadodara is also a manufacturing hub of power equipment, rail coaches, and defense aircraft, and several IT sector companies in Vadodara are rapidly growing. Vadodara is also a hub of pharmaceutical industries; many pharmaceutical companies are located within and nearby. Vadodara is home to many big pharmaceutical companies, and is a major hub of pharmaceutical industries in Gujarat.

Located in Vadodara are over 35% of India's power-transmission and distribution equipment manufacturers and an estimated 800 ancillaries supporting the big players in power sector equipment manufacturing and engineering industry. [[Larsen & Tourbo]] (L&T) has established "Knowledge City" in Vadodara.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2009|title=L&T inaugurates knowledge city at Vadodara|url=https://newsonprojects.com/news/lt-inaugurates-knowledge-city-at-vadodara|access-date=2020-10-21|language=en}}</ref> This Knowledge City is the hub of several key businesses of the L&T Group. The power business, mid- and downstream Hydrocarbon, [[L&T Technology Services]], and the engineering joint venture L&T-Sargent & Lundy operate out of the facility. It also houses manufacturing facilities for switchgear, air circuit breakers, and moulded-case circuit breakers.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 July 2012|title=L&T inaugurates its switchgear facility at Vadodara|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/engineering/lt-inaugurates-its-switchgear-facility-at-vadodara/articleshow/14854374.cms?from=mdr|newspaper=The Economic Times|language=en}}</ref>

[[Bombardier Transportation]], a Canadian company, has established a rail-coach manufacturing plant in [[Savli]] along with other manufacturing companies such as [[Alstom]], [[Siemens]], and [[Voltas]]. This plant manufactures coaches for [[Delhi Metro]] and the [[New Generation Rollingstock]] for [[Brisbane, Australia]]. The plant is also manufacturing trainsets for [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System|Delhi - Meerut RRTS]]. Beside this Vadodara holds a key position in Gujarat's pharmaceutical industry, as many small and big pharma companies are located in Vadodara.<ref>{{Cite news|date=6 May 2022|title=Alstom readies first Vadodara-made trainset for RRTS |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/alstom-readies-first-vadodara-made-trainset-for-rrts/articleshow/91358809.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

[[Tata Advanced Systems Limited]], a subsidiary of [[Tata Group]] and [[Airbus]] joint venture, has set up a [[EADS CASA C-295|C-295]] transport aircraft manufacturing facility at Vadodara as part of a Rs 22,000 crore deal to supply 56 such aircraft. The C-295 will replace the [[Avro]] aircraft in service with the [[Indian Air Force]]. This project will make Vadodara a defense manufacturing hub. The first "Made in India" aircraft is expected in September 2026.<ref>{{Cite news|date=30 October 2022|title='Make for Globe': PM Modi lays foundation stone for Tata-Airbus Vadodara project|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/make-for-globe-pm-modi-lays-foundation-stone-for-tata-airbus-vadodara-project-101667135899669.html|newspaper=The Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

The revenue for the city is generated through taxes, service provision, and state government assistance. The taxes include general taxes, conservancy taxes, and water taxes, whereas the nontax or service revenue can include water charges, rent from municipal properties, public service charges, etc.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Financial Profiling of VMC and VUDA|url=https://vmc.gov.in/pdf/Link_4.pdf|access-date=21 October 2020}}</ref> The VMC budget for the year 2020–2021 against the proposed budget of Rs 3,554 crore last year, stood at Rs 3,770 crore this year.<ref>{{Cite news|date=24 January 2020|title=No tax hikes, VMC budget focuses on water supply|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/no-tax-hikes-vmc-budget-focuses-on-water-supply/articleshow/73563450.cms|access-date=2020-10-21|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

===Petrochemicals===
Since the discovery of oil and natural gas in the area, Vadodara has become the site of various petrochemical industries. These are concentrated in the [[rural-urban fringe|peri-urban]] areas to the northwest and south of the city proper.<ref name="Vasudeva 2023">{{cite book |last1=Vasudeva |first1=Bhawana |editor1-last=Sharma |editor1-first=Utpal |editor2-last=R. Parthasarathy |editor3-last=Aparna |title=Future is Urban: Livability, Resilience & Resource Conservation |date=2023 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-34244-1 |pages=648–55 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T1S6EAAAQBAJ&dq=vadodara+natural+gas&pg=PA651 |access-date=11 May 2023 |chapter=Informal Processes and New Dynamics of Housing in the Periphery: The Case of Vadodara}}</ref>{{rp|651}}<ref name="Vasudeva 2021">{{cite book |last1=Vasudeva |first1=Bhawana |editor1-last=Kateja |editor1-first=Alpana |editor2-last=Jain |editor2-first=Rashmi |title=Urban Growth and Environmental Issues in India |date=2021 |publisher=Springer Nature |location=Singapore |isbn=978-981-16-4273-9 |pages=35–54 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vkRDEAAAQBAJ |access-date=11 May 2023 |chapter=Shelter for the Poor: Conundrum, Visions, and Methods of Urban Growth}}</ref>{{rp|44}}

In 1963, construction began on [[Gujarat Refinery]] outside of Vadodara, on a 1800-acre tract surrounded by the villages of [[Koyali, Vadodara|Koyali]], [[Ranoli, Vadodara|Ranoli]], [[Karachia, Vadodara|Karachia]], and [[Dhanora, Vadodara|Dhanora]]. [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] ceremonially laid the foundation. The refinery's first trial production was in October 1965. As of 1973 it was producing 4.3 million tonnes of various products per year and it employed some 1,450 people. It was the third public-sector refinery to be built in India.<ref name="Gazetteer 1979"/>{{rp|335–6}}

Among the refinery's products as of 1979 were [[gasoline]], [[diesel fuel]], [[kerosene]], [[jet fuel]], and various industrial materials such as [[benzene]], [[toluene]], and [[naphtha]]. [[Crude oil|Crude]] was piped in from Ankleshwar and from northern Gujarat (around [[Kalol, Gujarat|Kalol]] and [[Vadagam]]), and condensate was also supplied from the Khambhat gas fields.<ref name="Gazetteer 1979"/>{{rp|335–6}}

In early 1978, two new petrochemical plants began operation in Vadodara: a naphtha cracking plant in March and a low-density [[polyethylene]] plant with an 80,000-tonne capacity in April. Both were operated by [[Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited]] (now part of Reliance Industries) and both were also the first plant of their kind in Gujarat. In March 1979,<ref name="Sectoral profile 1982"/> IPCL also formally commissioned a major petrochemical complex at Vadodara that included an [[aromatic compound|aromatics]] plant (producing [[dimethyl terephthalate]] and two types of [[xylene]]),<ref name="Gazetteer 1979"/>{{rp|337}} an oil refinery, and seven other downstream facilities.<ref name="Sectoral profile 1982">{{cite book |title=Statistical Atlas of Gujarat: Sectoral profile |date=1982 |publisher=Bureau of Economics and Statistics, State of Gujarat |page=382 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5pMUAQAAMAAJ&q=vadodara+naphta |access-date=11 May 2023}}</ref> The 7 downstream facilities were: 1. [[acrylonitrile]], 2. [[synthetic rubber]], 3. low-density polyethylene, 4. [[polypropylene]], 5. [[ethylene glycol]], 6. detergent [[alkylate]], and 7. [[acrylic fibre]]. There were also plans in the works for a [[polyester]] yarn plant as part of the complex with a capacity of 3,500 to 7,000 tonnes per year.<ref name="Gazetteer 1979"/>{{rp|338}}

==Government and politics==
[[File:Vadodara Municipal Corporation.jpg|thumb|right|[[Khanderao Market, Vadodara|Khanderao Market]] – [[Vadodara Mahanagar Seva Sadan]] Building]]
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+Vadodara City Officials
|-
! Mayor
| Pinky Soni
|-
! Municipal Commissioner
| Arun Mahesh Babu
|-
!Police Commissioner
| Narsimha N. Komar
|}

The Vadodara city's municipal corporation or Maha Nagar Palika is a part of the Vadodara district. The district is set up in three distinct levels of administration, which are the collectorate - the district falls under the jurisdiction of a collector; the prant offices which take care of the affairs of taluka and other state government offices and the mamlatdar or taluka offices. The overall district administration has four departments: city survey, district supply office, district planning office, and district election office.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Administrative Setup {{!}} District Vadodara, Government of Gujarat|url=https://vadodara.nic.in/administrative-setup/|access-date=2020-10-21}}</ref>

The City elects one<ref name="LSMLA">{{cite web|title=List of Lok Sabha Constituencies from Gujarat|url=http://www.gujaratassembly.gov.in/loksabhamember.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050302161941/http://www.gujaratassembly.gov.in/loksabhamember.htm|archive-date=2 March 2005|access-date=1 October 2017|publisher=Gujarat Assembly}}</ref> member to the [[Lok Sabha]] (parliament) and five<ref name="MLA">{{cite web|title=List of MLAs from Vadodara District|url=http://www.gujaratassembly.gov.in/epvadodara.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024211/http://www.gujaratassembly.gov.in/epvadodara.htm|archive-date=24 September 2015|access-date=30 June 2007|publisher=Gujarat Assembly}}</ref> to the Gujarat [[Vidhan Sabha]] (Assembly). All of the five assembly seats of Vadodara were won by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] during the legislative elections in 2017. In the 2021 VMSS/VMC elections, the BJP won 69<ref name="hindu">{{cite news|date=14 December 2005|title=Sweeping victory for BJP in Gujarat civic polls|location=Chennai, India|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/14/stories/2005121406311300.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=9 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001064306/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/14/stories/2005121406311300.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> seats, seven seats went to the Congress.

*Election wards: 19<ref name="zone">{{cite web|title=Institutional Setup in Vadodara|url=http://www.vadodaracity.com/cdp_pdf/Link%206.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929050939/http://www.vadodaracity.com/cdp_pdf/Link%206.pdf|archive-date=29 September 2007|access-date=29 July 2007|publisher=Vadodara Municipal Corporation}}</ref>
*Seats (Corporators): 76<ref name="zone"/>
*Population per ward: 87,826
*Seats reserved for women: 38
*Total voters (as on 1 January 2019): 1,638,300

=== Civic administration ===
[[File:Mandvi Gate01.jpg|thumb|Mandvi Gate]]
According to the 2011 census, the total Urban Agglomeration (UA) population of Vadodara is 35,17,191.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Provisional UA Population- Census 2011|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|access-date=21 October 2020|website=Census India}}</ref> This is governed by the Vadodara Municipal Corporation which was founded in 1951.<ref>{{Cite web|title=VMC-Vadodara Municipal Corporation, khanderao market, Vadodara (2020)|url=http://www.findglocal.com/IN/Vadodara/1831309190481853/VMC-Vadodara-Municipal-Corporation|access-date=2020-10-21|website=www.findglocal.com}}</ref> It was initially called the Baroda Municipal Corporation but later changed to Vadodara Municipal Corporation after the city's name was changed in the year 1974.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The History|url=https://historyofvadodara.in/the-history/|access-date=2020-10-21|website=History of Vadodara - Baroda}}</ref> The Bombay Municipal Corporation Act of 1951 was setup as the main legislation for the administration and governance of the Vadodara Municipal Corporation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vadodara Municipal Corporation|url=https://vmc.gov.in/Introduction.aspx|access-date=2020-10-21|website=vmc.gov.in}}</ref>

The city limits of Vadodara have expanded since: an area of {{cvt|148|sqkm}} was added in the year 2002, followed by {{cvt|15 to 20|km2}} of additional expansion to the north of the city in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|title=In-depth analysis of existing situation-VMC|url=https://vmc.gov.in/Pdf/Link_3.pdf|access-date=21 October 2020}}</ref> The villages Sayajipura, Bapod, Kapurai, Khatamba, Tarsal Kalali, Gorva, Chhani and Vemali were added to the VMC boundaries in 2017<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 Jun 2017 |title=Residents not included in VMC, gram panchayat move high court |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/residents-not-included-in-vmc-gram-panchayat-move-high-court/articleshow/59198032.cms|access-date=2020-10-21|website=The Times of India}}</ref> and the latest expansion notice has been given to the seven villages of Sevasi, Bhayli, Vemali, Bil, Karodiya, Undera and Vadadala in the year 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 Jun 2020 |title=Villages oppose merger into Vadoddra city limits - Vadodara News|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/villages-oppose-merger-into-vadoddra-city-limits/articleshow/76631687.cms|access-date=2020-10-21|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==== City governance ====
[[File: Baroda Museum01.jpg|thumb|Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery]]
The Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporations Act, 1949<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.janaagraha.org/asics/report/Bombay-Provincial-Municipal-Corporations-Act-1949.pdf |title=Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporations Act, 1949 |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308062217/http://www.janaagraha.org/asics/report/Bombay-Provincial-Municipal-Corporations-Act-1949.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> governs the Vadodara Municipal Corporation. The Gujarat Provincial Municipal Corporations Act<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/4653/1/gpmcact.pdf |title=Gujarat Provincial Municipal Corporations Act |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224203226/https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/4653/1/gpmcact.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> of 1949 which is derived from the Bombay Act No. LIX of 1949 is another legislation which most municipal corporation, including Vadodara in Gujarat function under.

The highest body of power in the municipal corporation is the General Board, which is composed of elected members from each ward within the VMC. There are 19 wards under the VMC, each of which consists 4 seats of councilor which has a 50% reservation of seats for women. There are a total of 76 councilors elected for this VMC term where every councilor is appointed in various committees for a period of one year.

The VMC has twelve executive committees apart from the standing committee, which look after the specialized functions of VMC. These committees include public works committee, water work committee, drainage and sewerage committee, health committee, town planning committee, estate management committee, recreation and culture committee, electric committee, and legal committee. Each committee consists of 12 councilors each.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vadodara Municipal Corporation|url=https://vmc.gov.in/ElectedwingIntroduction.aspx|access-date=2020-10-21|website=vmc.gov.in}}</ref> The formulation of an additional ward committee is recommended by the Gujarat Provincial Municipal Corporation Act of 1949 for a city exceeding the population of three lakhs<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Gujarat Provincial Municipal Corporations Act, 1949|url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/4653/1/gpmcact.pdf|date=January 2017|access-date=21 October 2020}}</ref>- which is above the current population of Vadodara.

==== Politics ====
[[File:Raopura Tower Vadodara.jpg|thumb|Raopura Tower]]
Three [[Local Governance in India|corporators]] are elected from each ward, who in turn elect a mayor. Executive powers are vested in the municipal commissioner, who is an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer appointed by the Gujarat state government. The mayor is responsible for the day-to-day running of the city services, municipal school board, the city bus service, the municipal hospital and the city library. The last municipal corporation election for Vadodara took place in the year 2015<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-12-03|title=Gujarat civic polls: Congress wins Vadodara, BJP tops all 6 municipal corporations|url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/picture-gallery-others/congress-wins-majority-in-vadodara-district-bjp-winning-all-six-municipal-corporations/|access-date=2020-10-21|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> where Bhartiya Janta Party won in the majority with 57 out of the total 76 seats, followed by the Indian National Congress (INC) with 14 seats.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-12-04|title=Final detailed results of six municipal corporation elections in Gujarat|url=https://www.deshgujarat.com/2015/12/04/final-detailed-results-of-six-municipal-corporation-elections-in-gujarat/|access-date=2020-10-21|website=DeshGujarat}}</ref>

There are six sitting MLAs who have VMC under their jurisdiction and are currently part of the state ministry.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-05|title=Delimitation Commission Of India, Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka Road, New Delhi - 110001.|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2020-10-22|via=web.archive.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Vadodara Municipal Corporation|url=https://vmc.gov.in/CorporationMpMLADetails.aspx|access-date=2020-10-22|website=vmc.gov.in|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027000034/https://vmc.gov.in/CorporationMpMLADetails.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rajendrabhai Trivedi is the BJP MLA and incumbent 14th Speaker of Gujarat Legislative Assembly, who was unanimously elected on 9 February 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajendra Trivedi new Speaker of Gujarat Assembly|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/feb/19/rajendra-trivedi-new-speaker-of-gujarat-assembly-1775847.html|access-date=2020-10-22|website=The New Indian Express|date=19 February 2018 }}</ref> Jitendra Sukhadia is the Minister of Tourism, Non-resident Gujarati division as well as the Food, Civil Supplies, and Consumer Affairs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jitendra Sukhadia Index|url=http://jitendrasukhadia.com/minister-of-state.html|access-date=2020-10-22|website=jitendrasukhadia.com|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510195149/http://jitendrasukhadia.com/minister-of-state.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saurabhbhai Patel is the incumbent Energy Minister of Gujarat<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Energy Minister of Gujarat, Shri Saurabh Bhai Patel meeting with the Shri Piyush Goyal|url=https://powermin.gov.in/en/content/energy-minister-gujarat-shri-saurabh-bhai-patel-meeting-shri-piyush-goyal|access-date=22 October 2020}}</ref> while Yogeshbhai Patel heads the Ministry of State for Narmada Development.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=Minister of State for Narmada Development Yogesh Patel hoisted the national flag Connect Gujarat|url=https://connectgujarat.com/minister-of-state-for-narmada-development-yogesh-patel-hoisted-the-national-flag/|access-date=2020-10-22|website=Connect Gujarat}}</ref> The MLA Madhubhai Shrivastav is the state appointed Gujarat Agro Industries Corporation (GAIC) chief<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 Mar 2019 |title=Madhu Shrivastava made GAIC chief - Vadodara News |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/madhu-shrivastava-made-gaic-chief/articleshow/68351228.cms |access-date=2020-10-22|website=The Times of India}}</ref> and Manisha Vakil is BJP's Vadodara City Assembly Constituency MLA.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vadodara City Election and Results 2017, Candidate list, Winner and Runner-up|url=https://www.elections.in/gujarat/assembly-constituencies/vadodara-city.html|access-date=2020-10-21|website=Elections in India}}</ref>

==== Law and order ====
The Vadodara City Police are responsible for law enforcement and public safety in Vadodara, Gujarat. The Vadodara City Police is headed by a [[Police Commissioner]], an [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer. They are a subdivision of the state police force of [[Gujarat]] and are headed by a commissioner. The Vadodara police force is responsible for the protection and safety of Vadodara citizens. Shri Narsimha N. Komar (IPS), is the current Police commissioner of the Vadodara.

== Culture ==
[[File:Fresco_Rooms_in_Bhau_Tambekar's_Wada_04.jpg|thumb|Fresco Rooms in Bhau Tambekar's Wada ]]

=== Museums ===
Vadodara is home to notable museums like:

* Sayaji Baug, Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery
* Maharaja Fatehsinh Museum
* Museum Of Archeology And Ancient History
* Health Museum, Sayaji Baug

== Civic services ==
[[File:Flora Clock.jpg|thumb|The Flora Clock at Sayaji Baug]]
Three civic service departments are under the municipal corporation - the engineering department, the health department, and the support or administration department.

These departments together provide services, infrastructure, and management for the entire city. The engineering department manages infrastructure and services provided through cells or subdepartments such as bridge cell, drainage project, town development, streetlight, electrical sewerage, mechanical sewerage, building project, solid-waste management, road, storm-water drainage, water work, land, and estate. The health department takes care of public health-related issues and services through its solid-waste management, health, and ICDS subdepartments. The health department also has a subdepartment for managing birth, death, and marriage registrations. The support department handles all IT and administration-related issues and services, with cells such as IT, accounts audit, census, PRO, election, real estate (acquisition), shops and establishment, assessment, and UCD-NULM departments.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vadodara Municipal Corporation|url=https://vmc.gov.in/|access-date=2020-10-21|website=vmc.gov.in|archive-date=9 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209153132/https://vmc.gov.in/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Urban planning ===
The two main institutions involved in planning and development in Vadodara are VMSS and the Vadodara Urban Development Authority (VUDA). The responsibilities of both these agencies are demarcated clearly not only physically but also functionally. The governing acts for both institutions differ. The principal responsibility of VUDA is to ensure a holistic development of the Vadodara agglomeration covering an area of {{convert|714.56|km2|abbr=on}},<ref name="zone" /> whereas VMSS is involved in the development of area of {{convert|235|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="zone" />

Vadodara's population grew the fastest during the decade between 1961 and 1971. The Vadodara Municipal Corporation drew up the first official urban plan for the city's growth in 1970, the Vadodara Development Plan. The VUDA was formed in 1980.<ref name="Vasudeva 2023"/>{{rp|652}} The second Development Plan, developed in 1984, included decentralising the city's infrastructure. During the mid-late 70s early 80s, development on the city's outskirts focused on building cheap, low-income housing for industrial workers. By the 1990s, the focus had shifted to mixed-density, "self-sustainable settlements" in peri-urban areas, especially on the west and southwest sides of town.<ref name="Vasudeva 2021"/>{{rp|45}} Farmland was purchased from nearby villages to provide space for these new developments, which caused a large drop in cultivated acreage and overall agricultural produce in the area.<ref name="Vasudeva 2023"/>{{rp|652}}

Initially, major industrial development happened on the city's north side; the east side also saw plenty of development because of its location near the old city core. The south and west were relatively less populated in comparison.<ref name="Vasudeva 2021"/>{{rp|45}}

Various unplanned slum areas have been formed by rapid immigration from rural areas that outpaced formal city planning. These slum areas consist largely of temporary (''kachcha'') structures with communal toilets or none at all. They are often found in less-desired areas along river banks and [[nullah|nallahs]] or in other low-lying spots. Sanitation in these developments is generally poor.<ref name="Vasudeva 2021"/>{{rp|45}}

A low of relatively lower-income, blue-collar workers live in industrial housing developments on Vadodara's outskirts. Economically Weaker Section (EWS) housing and slums are located especially on the northwest, northeast, and east sides of the city. In recent decades (as of 2021), major industrial development has taken place along the [[NH-8]] corridor. Religious institutions like temples and [[ashram]]s have especially developed on the east side of town, while the [[Transport Nagar, Vadodara|Transport Nagar]] development is located on the northeast.<ref name="Vasudeva 2021"/>{{rp|45}}

=== Solid waste management ===
[[File:Kalaghoda.jpg|thumb|Kalaghoda circle]]
The municipal corporation under its health department provides the solid waste management for the Vadodara city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vadodara Municipal Corporation|url=https://vmc.gov.in/Department_Health_Solidwaste.aspx|access-date=2020-10-21|website=vmc.gov.in}}</ref> All zonal asst. municipal commissioners, zonal health officers, ward officers, sanitary inspectors are part of the solid waste management committee who need to be present during the weekly SWM coordination meetings. The department takes care of the sweeping, cleaning and maintenance along with complaint redressal. All zonal chief, assistant municipal commissioners, zonal health officers and other sanitary staff are expected to work on field between 7am to 11am on weekdays. The solid waste management also has a litter prevention system which carries out litter patrol and charges fines as administrative fees from the defaulters.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vadodara Municipal Corporation|url=https://vmc.gov.in/Department_SWM_KeyAspect.aspx|access-date=2020-10-21|website=vmc.gov.in}}</ref>

=== Water supply ===
An average of 53.2 million gallon (240 million litres) of water per day, or 38 gallon (190 litres) per person per day is provided the city daily to meets its daily water requirement.<ref name="vmc.gov">{{Cite web|title=Vadodara Municipal Corporation|url=https://vmc.gov.in/Department_Waterworks.aspx|access-date=2020-10-21|website=vmc.gov.in|archive-date=22 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022202422/https://vmc.gov.in/Department_Waterworks.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> The water supply is provided by the water works department of the municipal corporation along with other agencies like the Sardar Sarovar Narmada limited who directly supply water to VMC which is looked after the Gujarat Pollution Control Board, the Gujarat Water Supply and Sewerage Board, and the Water and Sanitation Management Organization. The city receives its drinking water supply from 16 high rise water tanks and one busting station located within the city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 Oct 2020|title=Stench once again returns to haunt Vadodara|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/stench-once-again-returns-to-haunt-city/articleshow/78646391.cms|access-date=21 October 2020|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2020 |title=GPCB rapped over VECL flouting pollution norms|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/gpcb-rapped-over-vecl-flouting-pollution-norms/articleshow/73091748.cms|access-date=21 October 2020|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2020|title=Ahmedabad: 'People using unsafe water for drinking, cooking'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/people-using-unsafe-water-for-drinking-cooking/articleshow/78323946.cms|access-date=21 October 2020|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

The [[Sardar Sarovar Dam]] which is one of the drinking water sources for the city, had halted supply temporarily in 2019 after receiving complains about the high sulphur content from the Narmada river, but the water supply was restarted again after a few days.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 Feb 2019|author=Tushar Tere|title=Gujarat's lifeline polluted, water unfit to consume |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/gujarats-lifeline-polluted-water-unfit-to-consume/articleshow/67841378.cms|access-date=21 October 2020|website=The Times of India}}</ref> The other sources of water are the [[Mahi River]] for which the water is obtained from a French well that has naturally purified water through layers of sand. The Ajwa Sarovar is another source of drinking water and is filtered at Nimeta Water Purification Plant.<ref name="vmc.gov" />

In January 2019, VUDA and GWSSB joined hands to reduce the acute shortage of drinking water for residential societies near close to the Vadodara city. A quantity of 3 MLD water per day for three years will be provided as a temporary measure until {{when|date=August 2022}} water from the Timbi pond and Narmada canal reaches these residences.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 January 2019|title=Water woes of villages bordering eastern Vadodara to end soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/water-woes-of-villages-bordering-eastern-vadodara-to-end-soon/articleshow/67632334.cms|access-date=21 October 2020|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

=== Drainage and sewage ===
[[File:NyayM.jpg|thumb|Nyay Mandir, Vadodara High Court]]

The drainage is provided under the Engineering department's drainage projects or the Public Health Engineering Laboratory (PHEL). The department provides planning, designing, estimating, tendering, executing and operating and maintaining the sewerage systems like the sewerage network, sewage pumping stations, sewage pumping mains, sewage treatment and effluent disposal works.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vadodara Municipal Corporation|url=https://vmc.gov.in/DrainageProject.aspx|access-date=2020-10-21|website=vmc.gov.in}}</ref>

The sewage as of 2001 covered 55% area and 65% of the present population when the VMC limits extended to {{cvt|108.00|km2}}. The Public Health Engineering Laboratory (PHEL) has been working on a comprehensive sewerage system Master Plan for {{cvt|1425|km2}} of sewers and nine sewage treatment works. The plan master plan is designed for the year 2021 where the project aims to increase the sewage coverage from 55% to 95% by area and 65% to 93% by population for an area of {{cvt|159.31|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Drainage Project Dept. VMSS|url=https://vmc.gov.in/pdf/20150102%20Drainage%20Project%20Dept.%20VMSS.pdf|access-date=21 October 2020}}</ref>

=== Electricity ===
[[Madhya Gujarat Vij Company Limited]] (MGVCL) is the main electricity provision company for the Gujarat state and Vadodara.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Electricity {{!}} District Vadodara, Government of Gujarat |url=https://vadodara.nic.in/public-utility-category/electricity/|access-date=2020-10-21}}</ref> Hydroelectricity is additionally being generated by water from Sardar Sarovar Dam with six units of river bed power houses of 200 megawatt each.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 Sep 2020|title=Sardar Sarovar Dam inches away from peak level|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/sardar-sarovar-dam-inches-away-from-peak-level/articleshow/78133499.cms|access-date=2020-10-21|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

=== Fire and emergency ===
Fire and rescue operations are provided by the VMC under its fire department which is provided according to the Section 285 to 289 of the BPMC Act. VMC has fixed rates for rescue operations & fire extinguishing within the VMC limits and outside it. The VMC's fire department also provide additional services like water tanker provision for domestic, religious or marriage purposes, providing ambulance, dead body carrier.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vadodara Municipal Corporation|url=https://vmc.gov.in/Department_Fire.aspx|access-date=2020-10-21|website=vmc.gov.in|archive-date=31 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331152353/https://vmc.gov.in/Department_Fire.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Transport==
The city is on the major rail and road arteries joining [[Mumbai]] with [[Delhi]] and Mumbai with [[Ahmedabad]].
<gallery mode="packed" heights="134">
file:NEW BDQ AIRPORT.jpg|Vadodara Airport
File:Vadrail.jpg|Vadodara Junction Railway Station
file:Bus terminus in Vadodara.jpg|Bus Terminus in Vadodara
file:Ahmedabad–Vadodara Expressway, India (2015).jpg|Ahmedabad-Vadodara Expressway
</gallery>

===Air===
[[Vadodara Airport]] ([[IATA]]: '''BDQ''') is located north-east of the city. Vadodara has flight connections with Mumbai, New Delhi, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Pune and Goa. Air India and IndiGo are currently operating their services from the airport. A new integrated international terminal has been constructed at the Vadodara airport and was inaugurated in October 2016. Vadodara is the first Green Airport in Gujarat and Second Green Airport in India after Kochi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dnasyndication.com/showarticlerss.aspx?nid=muaqdWy43dPulsTSLyQpFxAFCY2RaiKae8NcPA21HKE4KNcM=|title=Vadodara's new airport makes place in Limca Record|publisher=Dnasyndication.com|access-date=26 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510073233/http://dnasyndication.com/showarticlerss.aspx?nid=muaqdWy43dPulsTSLyQpFxAFCY2RaiKae8NcPA21HKE4KNcM=|archive-date=10 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/pm-modi-inaugurates-new-international-terminal-at-vadodara-airport-116102200655_1.html|title=Vadodara gets India's second green airport after Kochi|first=Vimukt|last=Dave|newspaper=Business Standard India |date=22 October 2016|access-date=26 November 2016|via=Business Standard|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023201842/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/pm-modi-inaugurates-new-international-terminal-at-vadodara-airport-116102200655_1.html|archive-date=23 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/PM-Narendra-Modi-inaugurates-Vadodara-International-Airport/articleshow/54998435.cms|title=PM Narendra Modi inaugurates Vadodara International Airport – Times of India ►|website=The Times of India|date=22 October 2016 |access-date=10 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518060953/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/pm-narendra-modi-inaugurates-vadodara-international-airport/articleshow/54998435.cms|archive-date=18 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.schwartzarch.com/projects/vadodara_airport.html|title=Vadodara Airport -[FSA]-|access-date=26 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421041259/http://www.schwartzarch.com/projects/vadodara_airport.html|archive-date=21 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gensler.com/projects/vadodara-international-airport|title=Vadodara International Airport – Projects – Gensler|access-date=26 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114004035/http://www.gensler.com/projects/vadodara-international-airport|archive-date=14 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Railway===

Vadodara was part of the historic [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]] (BBCI), which arrived in the city in January 1861.<ref name=BBCI>{{cite news |publisher=Times of India|title=150th year of Railway in Vadodara|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/150th-year-of-rlys-in-city-to-be-celebrated-on-Jan-9/articleshow/5371170.cms |access-date=24 December 2009|first1=Sachin|last1=Sharma|date=23 December 2009}}</ref> On 5 November 1951 the BBCI Railway was merged with the [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]], [[Rajputana]] and [[Jaipur]] railways to create the [[Western Railway (India)|Western Railway]]. [[Vadodara Railway Station]] now belongs to the Western Railway zone of [[Indian Railways]] and is a major junction on the Western Railway Main Line.

The under-construction [[Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor]], India's first [[High-speed rail]] line will have a stop at the existing [[Vadodara Junction railway station]]. The station is planned for renovation to accommodate the new line.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/mumbai-ahmedabad-bullet-train-project-construction-work-on-swanky-vadodara-railway-station-to-begin-soon/1413870/|title=Mumbai-Ahmedabad bullet train project: Construction work on swanky Vadodara railway station to begin soon|date=14 December 2018|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref>

===Bus===

[[Vadodara bus station]] is also beautifully designed as a symbol of Banyan (Vad) trees and located near by Railway Station. It also has a market, food court and multiplex facilities.

=== Road ===
Vadodara has taxi services that is operational mostly around [[Vadodara Junction railway station|Vadodara Railway station]] and the [[Vadodara Airport]], apart from this Vadodara has private cab services like [[Ola Cabs|Ola]], [[Uber]], etc. Vadodara also has self drive car rental services operated by private companies like Just Drive Self Drive Cars.

==Sports==
[[File:Kotambistadium.jpg|thumb|[[Baroda Cricket Association Stadium]]]]
Vadodara has a professional cricket team, the [[Baroda cricket team]], as well as a cricket stadium called [[Moti Bagh Stadium|Moti Baug]].<ref name=Moti>{{cite web|publisher=Cricinfo|title=Ground Profile|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricket-grounds/moti-bagh-stadium-vadodara-58519|access-date=5 August 2025}}</ref> The team has won the [[Ranji Trophy]] six times. [[IPCL Sports Complex Ground|Reliance Stadium]], a private cricket ground owned by [[Reliance Industries]], hosts [[One Day International|ODI]]s. Some of the notable cricketer's from Baroda are [[Vijay Hazare]], [[Anshuman Gaekwad]], [[Kiran More]], [[Nayan Mongia]], [[Atul Bedade]], [[Irfan Pathan]], [[Yusuf Pathan]], [[Hardik Pandya]], [[Krunal Pandya]], [[Deepak Hooda]].

The [[Baroda Cricket Association Stadium]] (BCA Stadium), also known as the Vadodara International Cricket Stadium or Kotambi Stadium, opened in December 2024 through an organized [[Women's One Day International|Women's ODI]] series between India and West Indies women's teams. The stadium is the home ground for the Baroda Cricket Association in the domestic circle.

Vadodara would also have a sports university in Desar.

==Media==
The city has five local [[frequency modulation|FM]] stations: [[Radio City (India radio station)|Radio City]] (91.1 [[hertz|MHz]]), [[Radio Mirchi]] (98.3 [[hertz|MHz]]), [[Red FM 93.5|Red FM]] (93.5 [[hertz|MHz]]), [[BIG FM 92.7|Big FM]] (92.7 [[hertz|MHz]]), and [[All India Radio]], [[Vividh Bharti]] (93.9 [[hertz|MHz]])(Aakashwani). [[Radio City (India radio station)|Radio City]] (91.1 [[hertz|MHz]]) is known all over Vadodara for its Rag Rag Ma Vadodara City profile. All India Radio is broadcast on the [[amplitude modulation|AM]] band.<ref name=Radio>{{cite web |publisher=Asiawaves |title=Radio Stations in Gujarat, India |url=http://www.asiawaves.net/india/gujarat-radio.htm |access-date=14 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070527085052/http://www.asiawaves.net/india/gujarat-radio.htm |archive-date=27 May 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Satellite radio]] was launched in nearby city of Ahmedabad by [[WorldSpace]] in 2005.<ref name=Worldspace>{{cite web |publisher=Worldspace Satellite Radio |title=WorldSpace Satellite Radio Lights Up Ahmedabad |url=http://www.worldspace.com/press/11_03_2005.html |date=3 November 2005 |access-date=30 July 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061112064236/http://www.worldspace.com/press/11_03_2005.html |archive-date=12 November 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Vadodara News Magazine(VNM) is a local news TV channel that covers events in the city. Sandesh News is a local news TV channel.

== Education ==
[[File:Vadodara uni.jpg|thumb|[[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda|The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]]]]
The city houses many Schools and Colleges, including [[Baroda High School]]. Higher Education Institutions across various disciplines attract international students mainly from the African countries such as Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, South Africa, and Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/gujarat-more-foreign-students-opt-for-msu-5857416/|title=Gujarat: More foreign students opt for MS University of Baroda|date=2019-07-28|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-09-27}}</ref>

In 1909 there were plans to open a school for the deaf.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44463520|title=School Items|journal=[[American Annals of the Deaf]]|volume=54|issue=2|date=March 1909|pages=191–194|jstor=44463520 |author1=E. A. F. }} - The article uses "Baroda" to refer to Vadodara.</ref>

=== Universities ===
* [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda|The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]]
* [[Parul University]]
* [[Navrachana University]]
* [[Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya]] (formerly National Rail and Transportation Institute)
* [[Sumandeep Vidyapeeth]]
* [[ITM Vocational University]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book
|last = Desai
|first = Anjali
|title=India Guide, Gujarat – Visitor's Guide
|year = 2007
|publisher=India Guide Publications
|isbn = 978-0-9789517-0-2
}}
* {{cite book
|last = F. A. H Elliot
|title=The rulers of Baroda
|publisher=Baroda State Press 1934
|asin = B0006C35QS}}
* {{cite book
|last = Gense
|first = James
|title=The Gaikwads of Baroda
|year = 1939
|url = https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283204
|publisher=D.B. Taraporevala Sons & Co 1942
|asin = B0007K1PL6}}
* {{cite book
|last = Kothekara
|first = Santa
|title=The Gaikwads of Baroda and the East India Company, 1770–1820
|publisher=Nagpur University
|asin = B0006D2LAI}}
* {{cite book
|last = Gaekwad
|first = Fatesinghrao
|title=Sayajirao of Baroda: The Prince and the Man
|year = 1989
|publisher=[[Popular Prakashan]]
|isbn = 978-0-86132-214-5
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Gaekwar
|first = Sayaji Rao
|title=Speeches and addresses of Sayaji Rao III, Maharaja Gaekwar of Baroda
|publisher=H. Milford 1933
|asin = B000855T0I}}
* {{cite book
|last = Rice
|first = Stanley
|title=Life of Sayaji Rao III, Maharaja of Baroda
|year = 1931
|url = https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.59223
|publisher=Oxford University Press 1931
|asin = B00085DDFG}}
* {{cite book
|last = Clair
|first = Edward
|title=A Year with the Gaekwar of Baroda
|publisher=D. Estes & co 1911
|asin = B0008BLVV8}}
* {{cite book
|last = MacLeod
|first = John
|title=Sovereignty, Power, Control: Politics in the State of Western India, 1916–1947
|year = 1999
|publisher=Brill Academic Publishers
|isbn = 90-04-11343-6
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Kamerkar
|first = Mani
|title=British Paramountcy: British-Baroda Relations, 1818–1848
|publisher=Popular Prakashan
|asin = B000JLZE6A}}
* {{cite book
|last = Kooiman
|first = Dick
|title=Communalism and Indian Princely States: Travancore, Baroda and Hyderabad in the 1930s
|year = 2002
|publisher=Manohar Pubns
|isbn = 978-81-7304-421-2
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Desai
|first = Govindbhai
|title=Forty Years in Baroda: Being Reminiscences of Forty Years' Service in the Baroda State
|publisher=Pustakalaya Sahayak Sahakari Mandal 1929
|asin = B0006E18R4}}
* {{cite book
|last = Maharaja of Baroda
|title=The Palaces of India
|year=1980
|publisher=Viking Pr
|isbn = 978-0-00-211678-7
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Sadashiv
|first = Anant
| author-link = Anant Sadashiv Altekar
|title=A History of important ancient towns & cities in Gujarat & Kathiawad
|asin = B0008B2NGA}}
* {{cite book
|last = William
|first = George
|title=Cities of India
|date = January 1999
|publisher=Adamant Media Corporation
|isbn = 0-543-93823-9
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Doshi
|first = Saryu
|title=The royal bequest: Art treasures of the Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery
|year = 1995
|publisher=India Book House
|isbn = 978-81-7508-009-6
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Roshan
|title=Sri Aurobindo in Baroda
|year =1993
|publisher=Sri Aurobindo Ashram Publications Department
|isbn = 978-81-7058-318-9
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Sheik
|first = Gulammohammed
|title=Contemporary Art in Baroda
|year = 1997
|publisher=Manohar Pubns
|isbn = 978-81-85229-04-1
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Bell
|first = Horace
|author-link=Horace Bell (civil engineer)
|title=Railway Policy in India
|publisher=Adamant Media Corporation
|isbn = 1-4021-8443-3
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Shafer
|first = Kathleen
|title=Baroda: the Story of a Small Place. Celebrate Baroda 1890–1990
|publisher=Baroda Centennial Committee, [[Michigan]], United States
|asin = B000K016MG}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|voy=Vadodara|Vadodara}}
{{Navboxes
|list =
{{Urban and suburban areas of Vadodara}}
{{Vadodara topics}}
{{Gujarat}}
{{Million-plus cities in India}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Vadodara| ]]
[[Category:Former capitals in India]]
[[Category:Metropolitan cities in India]]
[[Category:Smart cities in India]]

Kalamati

2026-03-26T01:17:09Z

JudyK9023223: Added Article - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kalamati
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline = Kalamati-bodoland-1.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Assam, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 =
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 350
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =[[Bodo people|Boro]]/[[Nepali people|Nepali]]/[[Assamese people|Assamese]]
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bodo people|Boro]]/[[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 783393
| registration_plate =
| website ={{URL|https://chirang.assam.gov.in/tourist-place-detail/271}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-AS-26]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kalamati''' is a popular picnic spot located north of [[Chirang district]], [[Bodoland Territorial Region]], [[Assam]], [[India]], and shares a border with Bhutan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kalamati|url=https://chirang.assam.gov.in/tourist-place-detail/271|access-date=21 April 2023|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Indrani|last=Ghose|title=Kalamati Popular Tourist Destination in Chirang Assam|url=https://isharethese.com/kalamati-popular-tourist-destination-chirang-assam/|date=October 1, 2019|access-date=April 24, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kalamati a Glance|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=travel.Manipur_Travel_Log.Kalamati_a_Glance/|date=25 April 2023}}</ref>

==History==
Kala;<ref>{{cite Merriam-Webster|Assam|access-date=3 August 2020}}</ref> [[Assamese language|Assamese]]:[ˈɔxɔm] meaning ‘color black’ and Mati meaning soil is black. Kalamati is situated on the banks of a stream.

'''Etymology'''-

'''Maoria Hajw''' (बर'/बड़ो [bɔɽo]) is known for orchids. Maoria means ‘orphan’ and Hajw means ‘hill’. There are no other hills near Maoria Hajw.<ref>{{cite web|title=KALAMATI POPULAR TOURIST DESTINATION IN CHIRANG ASSAM|url=https://isharethese.com/kalamati-popular-tourist-destination-chirang-assam/|access-date=21 April 2023|df=}}</ref>

'''Hajw Agor''' literally translates to "the hills with design."During the day, it 'displays seven colors' - red, white, black, yellow, green, navy blue, and sky blue

'''Mwider Khor''', is the elephant trapping area.The forest elephants would enter the boundary and normally get adjusted with the domestic elephants and wild elephants along with their domestic ones.

==Geography==
Kalamati is located among the foothills of North East Indian [[Himalaya]], south of Bhutan and north of chirang.It is one of the famous tourist destinations in [[Chirang District ]], [[Bodoland Territorial Region|BTR]].with parts of existing districts of [[Kokrajhar]], [[Bongaigaon]] and [[Barpeta]].

== Flora and fauna==
An array of flora & fauna dominates the area, with each region having specific feature. It is a hub for medicinal plants, many edible wild fruits and herbs.Golden Langur here relishes a variety of orchid and find wild dog, rhesus macaque, spotted deer, civets, leopard, porcupine, wild boar, giant squirrel, flying squirrel, and pangolin.

==The forest task protection force ==
About 2 km from the main Koilamoila market is the Forest Protection Task Force camp maintained by New Horizon, a community-based conservation NGO.

The Forest Protection Task Force is an initiative of the BTAD government to keep vigil of the forest resources in its four districts i.e. Chirang, Kokrajhar, Baksa and Udalguri.

==Eco-tourism prospect==
Kalamati is a prospective tourist's site and there is scope for the development of Eco-tourism as an alternative livelihood for the communities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kalamati a Glance|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=travel.Manipur_Travel_Log.Kalamati_a_Glance/|date=25 April 2023}}</ref>
There are several trekking routes in the area, and can be entered passing via aesthetically serene surroundings. Just 3 km from Kalamati is Golthek point, the orange collection point, which is a potential tourist spot.

About 15-20 Bhutanese families camp at during the winter months for collection of oranges from the forest.

==Gallery==
[[File:BVECJordan.jpg|thumb|Front view kalamati]]
[[File:Gibbs kungur.jpg|thumb|Green grass [[File:BVECJordan2.jpg|thumb|... Stream]]]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Chirang district]]

Bangla Congress

2026-03-23T18:06:44Z

JudyK9023223: Content refined for better accuracy

{{Short description|Political party in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Bangla Congress
| abbreviation = BC
| logo =
| colorcode = {{Party color|Bangla Congress}}
| leader = [[Ajoy Mukherjee]]
| founder = [[Ajoy Mukherjee]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|p=y|1966||}}
| ideology = [[Bengali nationalism]]<br>[[Democratic socialism]]<br>[[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]<br>[[Civic nationalism]]<br>[[Left-wing populism]]
| headquarters = [[Calcutta]]
| dissolved = {{Start date and age|df=yes|p=y|1971||}}<ref>[https://www.anandabazar.com/editorial/ajoy-mukherjee-former-chief-minister-of-west-bengal-sets-highest-standard-for-himself-1.985904 Ajoy Mukherjee, Former Chief Minister of West Bengal, set highest standard for himself] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703141315/https://www.anandabazar.com/editorial/ajoy-mukherjee-former-chief-minister-of-west-bengal-sets-highest-standard-for-himself-1.985904 |date=3 July 2022 }} {{in lang|bn}}. ''[[Anandabazar Patrika]]''.</ref>
| merged = [[Indian National Congress]]
| successor = [[Biplobi Bangla Congress]] (factions)
| split = [[Indian National Congress]]
| position = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]] to [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]]
| regional = [[United Front (West Bengal)|United Front]] (1967–1971)
| slogan = "[[Joy Bangla (slogan)|Joy Bangla]]"{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}
| colours = {{Colorsample|{{Party color|Bangla Congress}}}} [[Blue]]
| native_name_lang = bn
| country = India
| seats2_title = [[Lok Sabha]]
| seats2 = {{composition bar|5|42|{{party color|Bangla Congress}}}} ([[List of members of the 4th Lok Sabha#West Bengal|1967]])
| seats1_title = [[Rajya Sabha]]
| seats1 = {{composition bar|0|16|{{party color|Bangla Congress}}}} ([[List of Rajya Sabha members from West Bengal|1967]])
| seats3_title = [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| seats3 = {{composition bar|34|280|{{party color|Bangla Congress}}}} ([[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]])
}}

The '''Bangla Congress''' was a regional [[political party]] in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. It was formed through a split in the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1966 and later co-governed with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI(M)) in two [[United Front (1967)|United Front]] governments, the first lasting from 15 March 1967 to 2 November 1967, the second from 25 February 1969 to 19 March 1970.

==History==

Mainly the Left Wing of the Bengal Congress, represented by [[Ajoy Mukherjee]], [[Pranab Mukherjee]], [[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]], [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]], [[Abha Maiti]], [[Sushil Kumar Dhara]] revolted against the leadership of the old conservative elites of "the Syndicate" like [[Prafulla Chandra Sen]] and [[Atulya Ghosh]] in 1966 owing to the policies of the Prafulla Sen government during the Food Movement. [[Sushil Kumar Dhara]] was the state secretary of the newly formed Bangla Congress.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Sajal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MQWBAAAAIAAJ |title=Politics of Violence: A Case Study of West Bengal |date=1982 |publisher=Minerva |isbn=978-0-8364-0779-2 |pages=99 |language=en}}</ref>

The revolt was mainly led by younger leaders of the Congress and enjoyed widespread support among the rural landowning and trading classes as well as the middle castes of rural Bengal, such as the [[Mahishya]]s, [[Aguri (caste)|Aguri]]s and the [[Sadgop]]s who looked upon an alliance with the Proletarian Left Front as useful against the dominance of the Calcutta-oriented Congress leadership which was seen to favour the Calcutta-based, [[Marwari people|Marwari]]-owned large private industries and British business interests too much.

The party had a strong base in [[Midnapore]], [[Hugli-Chinsura|Hooghly]], [[Nadia district|Nadia]], [[Murshidabad]] and all of [[North Bengal]] and a big plank was development of rural areas and small towns as opposed to the Calcutta-obsessed approach of the Congress-led West Bengal Government.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}

[[Ajoy Mukherjee]], a veteran Congress leader from [[Tamluk]], was the Chief Minister in both governments formed by the Coalition and till date, he remains the only Chief Minister of West Bengal not to reside in a Calcutta postal address. Other later Congress leaders like Priya Ranjan DasMunshi, Manas Bhunia and Somen Mitra also started their careers as lower rung student leaders of the Bangla Congress split. Sukumar Roy, a dissident leader of the party, aligned with CPI(M), and later formed a new political party - [[Biplobi Bangla Congress]].<ref name=":0" />

On 19 March 1970 the second United Front government fell as a result of the breakdown of the alliance between the Bangla Congress and the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]. Due to the Land Reform movement led by [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist]] leaders [[Benoy Choudhury]] and [[Hare Krishna Konar]] which threatened the interests of the landowning Middle/backward castes that supported the Bangla Congress.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

The Bangla Congress then went into rapid decline and was later reunified with the [[Indian National Congress]].{{fact|date=August 2024}}

==Electoral results==

;[[West Bengal]] state assembly

1967: 80 candidates, 34 elected, 1,286,028 votes

1969: 49 candidates, 33 elected, 1,094,654 votes

1971: 137 candidates, 5 elected, 695,376 votes

;Lok Sabha election

1967: 7 candidates, 5 elected, 1,204,356 votes

1971: 14 candidates, 1 elected, 518,781 votes

==See also==
* [[Indian National Congress breakaway parties]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=UOQRWuMXyRMC&dq=bangla+congress&pg=PA105 Split in a Predominant Party: The Indian National Congress in 1969]

[[Category:Defunct political parties in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress breakaway groups]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1966]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1971]]
[[Category:1966 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:1971 disestablishments in India]]

Bharat Singh Chaudhary

2026-03-22T13:23:55Z

JudyK9023223:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
'''Bharat Singh Chaudhary''' (born 20 May 1959) is an Indian politician from [[Uttarakhand]]. Currently, he serves as the Rural Development, Small and Micro-Medium Enterprises, Khadi and Village Industries, Language minister in the [[Government of Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-20 |title=धामी कैबिनेट में नए मंत्री: रुद्रप्रयाग विधायक भरत चौधरी को मिली जगह, ग्राम प्रधान से मंत्री तक ऐसा रहा सफर |url=https://www.amarujala.com/dehradun/dhami-cabinet-new-minister-rudraprayag-mla-bharat-singh-chaudhary-journey-from-village-head-to-minister-2026-03-20 |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-03-21 |title=5 new ministers join Dhami cabinet ahead of 2027 polls |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/5-new-ministers-join-dhami-cabinet-ahead-of-2027-polls/amp_articleshow/129706230.cms |access-date= |website=The Times Of India}}</ref> He is an MLA from [[Rudraprayag Assembly constituency]] in [[Rudraprayag district]]. He won as an MLA in the [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-10 |title=Rudraprayag Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Bharat Singh Chaudhary of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/rudraprayag-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-4857842.html |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-10 |title=Rudraprayag Uttarakhand Election 2022 Final Results LIVE: BJP Candidate BHARAT SINGH CHAUDHARY wins from Rudraprayag , Details Inside |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/rudraprayag-election-2022-results-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-winner-loser-tally-who-will-winuttarakhand-assembly-election-2022-news-1518621 |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Chaudhary is from [[Rudraprayag]], Chamoli district, Uttarakhand. He is the son of the late Chautan Singh Chaudhary. He completed his B.A. in 1979 at a college affiliated with [[Garhwal University]], [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand|Srinagar]], [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bharat Singh Chaudhary(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- RUDRAPRAYAG(RUDRAPRAYAG) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/uttarakhand2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=92 |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Chaudhary started his political journey as pradhan of Mawana gram panchayat.<ref name=":0" /> In 2022, he won from Rudraprayag Assembly constituency representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election. He polled 29,660 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Pradeep Thapliyal of [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 9,802 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-09 |title=Rudraprayag (Uttarakhand) Assembly Election Results 2022 Live: Winner, Runner-up |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/rudraprayag-uttarakhand-assembly-election-results-2022-live-winner-runner-up-candidates-7810496/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-10 |title=Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand Assembly Election Results 2022 LIVE Updates: BJP's Bharat Singh Chaudhary with 27790 defeats INC's Pradeep Prasad Thapliyal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/rudraprayag-uttarakhand-assembly-election-results-2022-live-updates-1922967-2022-03-09 |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhary, Bharat Singh}}

[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Chamoli district]]

Nikunj Sen

2026-03-22T12:40:49Z

JudyK9023223: done

{{short description|Bengali revolutionary (1906–1986)}}
{{unreliable sources|date=September 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date= September 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nikunja Sen
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date text| 01 October 1906}}
| birth_place = British India
| death_date = {{death date and age| 2 july 1986| 1 october 1906}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]] India
| known =
| occupation = Revolutionary
| organization = [[Bengal Volunteers]]
| movement = [[Indian Freedom Movement]]
| known for =
| citizenship =
| footnotes =
}}

''' Nikunja Sen''' (1 October 1906 – 2 July 1986) was an Indian revolutionary and member of the [[Bengal Volunteers]] who carried out assassinations against British colonial officials in an attempt to secure Indian independence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://monsaras.com/2025/07/02/নিকুঞ্জ-সেন-ভারতের-স্বাধ-2|title= বিস্মৃত বিপ্লবী-শ্রী নিকুঞ্জ সেন|website= monsaras.com|access-date=24 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsg24.com/feature/personality/15796/ |title= বিপ্লবী ও লেখক নিকুঞ্জ সেন | website= newsg24.com |access-date=24 February 2025}}</ref>

== Early life Education==
Nikunja Sen was born on October 1, 1906, in Kamarkhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh. He studied there and later earned his B.A. from Dhaka University. After graduating, he went to Calcutta to pursue an M.A. However, from his student life, he was a strong supporter of the anti-British independence movement. . During this time, he was involved in organizing Subhas Chandra Bose's Forward Bloc. Eventually, he joined the Socialist Republican Party led by Sarat Chandra Bose. The party's mouthpiece, 'Mahajati', was published under his editorship. He was also associated with Jyotish Joardar's 'Nishana' and 'Subhash Sanskriti Parishad'.
<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kCTvDwAAQBAJ&q=%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C+%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8|title= আমার মামা বাদল গুপ্ত |last= Biswanath Dasgupta |date=20 July 2017|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9788194464303|access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref><ref name=Sengupta-Basu>{{Cite book|title=Sansad Bangali Charitavidhan (Bengali)|last1=Sengupta |first1=Subodhchandra |last2=Basu |first2=Anjali |publisher=Sahitya Sansad|year=2002|isbn=81-85626-65-0|volume=I|location=Kolkata}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=বেঙ্গল ভলান্টিয়ার |last= Madhumanti Sengupta |publisher= Sristisukh Prokashan LLP |date= 1 January 2016 |isbn=978-81-944643-0-3|location= Kolkata |pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title= Rakshita-Rāẏa | last= Bhūpendrakiśora | publisher= Bijñala Pābaliśārsa| year=1966}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Rammanohar Lohia|volume=9|year=1990|isbn=9788171002511}}</ref>

== Revolutionary activities==
He joined the Mukti Sangha of the Jugantar Dal later. The Jugantar Dal was a secret association of revolutionaries founded by Hemchandra Ghosh, an anti-British revolutionary in Dhaka. Nikunja Sen later became a member of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's Bengal Volunteers.He was sent to Comilla to strengthen the party under the leadership of Lalit Barman. As a result of his and Lalit Barman's revolutionary efforts, two of his acquaintances, Shanti Ghosh and Suniti Chowdhury, who were classmates at Faizunnesa Girls' School in Comilla, were inspired. They killed Mr. Stevens, the District Magistrate of Comilla, on December 14, 1931.Nikunja Sen, however, joined Banaripara School in Bikrampur, Dhaka, with the intention of strengthening the party and organization through teaching. There, he met Badal Gupta, whose real name was Sudhir Gupta, as a student. Nikunj Sen inspired Badal to develop patriotism. Badal also joined the Bengal Volunteers.The target of the revolutionaries was Colonel N.S. Simpson, the tyrannical Inspector General of the prison authorities. Simpson was notorious to the revolutionaries for his atrocities on political prisoners. With the murder of Simpson, an unprecedented decision was made to create panic within the British government. It was decided that Simpson would be killed in his office. The revolutionaries planned to attack the then-secretariat, the Writers' Building in Calcutta (now known as Mahakaran, located in B.B.D. Bagh).It was decided that Binoy Basu would lead the team, accompanied by Badal Gupta and Dinesh Gupta (1911–1931). On December 8, 1930, Binoy Bose, Badal Gupta, and Dinesh Gupta entered the Writers' Building in European attire and shot Simpson dead. Nikunja Sen was not only a close associate of theirs but also played an important role in the planning and preparation of the campaign. He was not captured during the operation and went into hiding. He was arrested in 1931 and imprisoned for seven years.
He was subsequently arrested again in 1940 during World War II and released in 1946<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://radhikaranjan.blogspot.com/2014/03/317-narayan-sen-1912-1956-318-nikunja.html |title=বিপ্লবী নিকুঞ্জ সেন|website=radhikaranjan.blogspot.com|date=17 March 2014 |access-date=24 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chandrakumarbose.wordpress.com/2021/11/23/a-chapter-from-netajis-nephew-amiya-nath-boses-experience-with-his-uncle-subhas-during-the-freedom-movement/|title= Amiya Nath Boses experience |website= chandrakumarbose.wordpress.com |date= 23 November 2021 |access-date=24 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://banglarkothashaitto.blogspot.com/2021/10/09_8.html|title=বিপ্লবী নিকুঞ্জ সেন |website= banglarkothashaitto.blogspot.com |date=8 October 2021 |access-date=24 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://banglaamarpran.in/badal-gupta-and-his-teacher-nikunja-sen/ |title= Badal Gupta and his teacher Nikunja Sen |work= Bangla Amar Pran - The glorious hub for the Bengal |date= October 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210801063810/https://banglaamarpran.in/badal-gupta-and-his-teacher-nikunja-sen/ |access-date=24 February 2025 |archive-date= 1 August 2021 }}</ref>

==Later life==
After independence, he was one of the founders and the headmaster of Saptagram Sarveshwar High School in Bagu village of North 24 Parganas district for a long time. Due to his excellent organizational talents, he became the editor of 'Palli Niketan' in the seven villages of Samaj Seva Kendra, including Bagu, Shikharpur, Nayabad, etc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://banglarkothashaitto.blogspot.com/2021/10/09_8.html|title=বিপ্লবী নিকুঞ্জ সেন |website= banglarkothashaitto.blogspot.com |date=8 October 2021 |access-date=24 February 2025}}</ref>

==Literary works ==
Nikunja Sen was an eloquent speaker as well as a prolific writer. Some of his books include:

* Jailkhana Karagar (2023), Patralekha, Calcutta Edition {{ISBN|978-93-94618-39-8}}
* Boxer After Deoli (1969) (2022 edition Radical Impressions Kolkata) {{ISBN|978-81-950682-0-3}}
* Economic Interpretation in History
* Netaji and Marxism

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sen, Nikunja}}
[[Category:1906 births]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
[[Category:Indian nationalism]]
[[Category:Indian people convicted of murder]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian murderers]]
[[Category:Revolutionaries from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Bengal]]

Race (film series)

2026-03-11T15:39:13Z

JudyK9023223: basic rework details for consistency and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Bollywood film series}}
{{Lead too short|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}

'''''Race''''' is an Indian [[neo-noir]] [[action crime]] film series produced by [[Ramesh S. Taurani]] and [[Kumar S. Taurani]] under the banner of [[Tips Industries]]. The series was written by Kiran Kotrial, Shiraz Ahmed, Anurag Prapanna and Jitendra Parmar. The first two films star [[Saif Ali Khan]] as the main lead with [[Anil Kapoor]] as a recurring character. Where [[Akshaye Khanna]] played the antagonist in the first film. ''[[Race (2008 film)|Race]]'' and ''[[Race 2]]'' were directed by [[Abbas–Mustan]] while the third film, ''[[Race 3]]'' was directed by [[Remo D'Souza]]. The third film ''Race 3'' was a standalone sequel, having no connection to the storylines of ''Race'' and ''Race 2''. Unlike the first two films, ''Race 3'' received negative reviews from critics. The first film is loosely based on the 1998 [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]] film ''[[Goodbye Lover]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.indiatimes.com/articleshow/3907119.cms|title=Bollywood's 'Copycats' of 2008|work=The Times of India|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728111438/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/articlelistls/1081479906.cms?frommovies=1|archivedate=28 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

{{Infobox media franchise
| title = Race
| creator = [[Abbas–Mustan]]
| origin = ''[[Race (2008 film)|Race]]'' (2008)
| films = ''[[Race (2008 film)|Race]]'' (2008)<br/>''[[Race 2]]'' (2013)<br/>''[[Race 3]]'' (2018)
| owner = [[Tips Industries]]<br/>[[Salman Khan Films]]
| years = 2008{{endash}}present
| soundtracks = ''[[Race (2008 soundtrack)|Race]]''<br/>''Race 2''<br/>''Race 3''
| video_games = ''Race 2'' (2013)
| image = Race film series title from the first 2008 film - Aug 2008.png
}}

==Overview==
===''Race'' (2008)===
{{Main|Race (2008 film)}}
{{plot|date=February 2025}} 
A voice-over by Inspector Robert “RD” D’Costa introduces the four main characters: Ranvir "Ronny" Singh, an NRI Businessman, who runs a successful Race business inherited from his father. His younger brother Rajiv Singh who mooches off of Ronny and is an alcoholic. Ronny is dating an upcoming model Sonia, while his personal assistant Sophia appears to be secretly in love with him. Ronny is also involved in an intense competition with a rival horse-owner Kabir. The film opens with a murder plot involving a car accident which Ronny narrowly survives. When Ronny loses money in a race because his jockey had been bribed by Kabir, Ronny plants a bomb in the jockey's car and kills him, showing Ronny to be a ruthless businessman. Later, Ronny also destroys Kabir when the latter offers him money to buy his business, which is in debt.

In a drunken [[stupor]], Rajiv confesses to Ronny that he likes Sonia and that he would quit drinking if he could spend his life with a woman like her. Ronny immediately stops dating Sonia so that Rajiv can have her. Rajiv and Sonia begin dating and appear happy until, in a twist, Rajiv reveals he knows of Sonia's shady past and has a plan to use Sonia to his advantage. Rajiv reveals that his father had secured identical life-insurance policies for huge sums on each of the sons. He explains that he wants to kill Ronny in what would appear to be an accident and inherit $100 million in insurance payments and wants Sonia to play along. Sonia agrees to help in exchange for $20 million. They pretend to get married, and Rajiv ignores Sonia in this fake-marriage while continuing to play an alcoholic. As per his instructions, Sonia seduces Ronny, who confesses he loved her all along. Rajiv reveals the rest of his plan: to threaten to commit suicide in response to Sonia and Ronny's affair by leaping off a tall building, have Ronny appear on the terrace, and get Sonia to push Ronny off. However, it turns out Ronny was aware of the plan all along as Sonia had been keeping him updated, having always been in league with him. They then plan to apparently kill Rajiv, using his own plan against him.

Things go according to plan, but Sonia double-crosses Ronny and pushes him off, saying she loved him, but the money was more important. Inspector RD appears at this point to investigate the death, accompanied by his idiotic assistant Mini. Upon his arrival, he immediately suspects foul-play in the death. During his investigation, Ronny's assistant Sophia reveals that she was married to Ronny and produces a legitimate marriage certificate. Sonia is shocked that their plan has been thwarted as Sophia is now the heir to the insurance money. In another twist, Sophia was in on the plan all along and is Rajiv's secret collaborator. Rajiv plans to bump off Sonia after he and Sophia get the insurance money. However, RD figures out during his investigation that Sophia and Rajiv had faked her marriage with Ronny and that he had been tricked into signing the marriage certificate. RD confronts Rajiv about this and agrees to remain silent about it in exchange for $25 million.

Rajiv hires the same hitman who had attempted to murder Ronny to now kill Sonia, revealing that he had been behind the first murder attempt, too. Sonia is lured into following Rajiv and Sophia to a parking lot, where the hitman attacks her. Ronny reappears and rescues her, killing the hitman in the process.

Later, when Rajiv and Sophia plan to celebrate, Ronny appears and confronts them. He explains that he had overheard Rajiv discussing the failed murder attempt with the hitman and had been playing along the whole time so he could get the insurance money from his own fake-death along with the insurance money from killing Rajiv. Discovering that Rajiv's hatred towards him as a step brother was his main reason for doing this, he allows Rajiv one last chance to win by agreeing to a car race. Ronny shows up to the race in a sports car, while Rajiv doesn't. When Rajiv protests, he switches cars with Ronny. This turns out to be a trick as Rajiv had tampered with the brakes on his own car. Ronny, in turn, lies to Rajiv, claiming he had planted a bomb in his car, similar to the one that killed the jockey, and that Ronny will trigger the device if Rajiv slows down. This causes Rajiv to crash into a petroleum tank, killing both himself and Sophia, who had been riding with him. Ronny appears to die himself, but actually narrowly escapes, later admitting that there was no bomb in the car and that Rajiv had just "killed himself".

In the end, Ronny collects the insurance money from Rajiv and Sophia's death, along with the money from his own fake-death. Upon fleeing the city, he is stopped by Inspector RD, revealed as Ronny's childhood friend who had helped Ronny fake his own death and get the insurance money. Inspector RD takes his $25 million, only to find a bomb in the bag along with the money. The bomb does not detonate and Ronny reveals that it was a mere precaution to see if RD would try to betray him and take all the money. Ronny rewards RD for his relative honesty by allowing him to live and the two drive off in opposite directions, while RD hopes to never meet Ronny again.

===''Race 2'' (2013)===
{{Main|Race 2}}

The film starts with a murderer killing his target by shooting a Lamborghini car's fuel tank. After some years, a robbery takes place, and Euro printing plates are stolen. Businessman [[Ranveer Singh]] sees this news on TV and decides to take advantage of this to get revenge for a past matter. Ranveer cheats Vikram Thapar by pretending to have stolen the Euro printing plates, and his plan is successful. He cheated Thapar so badly that he is divested of the five casinos that he owns in [[Istanbul, Turkey]].

This cheating is revealed to be a plan that Ranveer made a week earlier with Turkish mafia leader [[Armaan Malik]]. Ranveer was introduced to Armaan by his childhood friend, Inspector Robert D Costa alias RD and his dimwitted assistant Cherry. After the con, Ranveer gives Armaan ownership of Thapar's five casinos in exchange for 10% of the money. With this deal, Ranveer and Armaan become friends. Ranveer also romances Armaan's Sister Alina ([[Deepika Padukone]]), who is his 50% business partner in all his ventures, and spent a night with him to start their partnership.

At a party hosted by Armaan and Alina, Ranveer meets Armaan's girlfriend Omisha and sees a picture of his deceased and beloved wife Sonia in her wallet. He charms her through matches of archery and fencing, where he cuts her dresses without her knowledge and walks away without watching her nudity. Ranveer then tells Armaan of a deal that will get them endless money. Armaan agrees to the plan.

Later, Ranveer reveals to RD that he is not planning to make Armaan rich, but he is actually planning to Bankrupt Armaan so badly that he will lose all his money and be forced to become a beggar on the streets, because Armaan is the main killer of Sonia. Armaan's assassin killed Sonia (Who is Pregnant) while they are going to see Sonia's sister Tania. He vows that until Armaan is ruined, he will not do Sonia's final rites. Ranveer then establishes contact with Omisha, who tells him that she is Sonia's sister Tanya and she too wants revenge. Omisha agrees to help Ranveer in his plan. However, right after Ranveer leaves, Armaan shows up at Omisha's apartment, where it is revealed that she is not actually Sonia's sister, but she is actually working for Armaan. Ranveer, however, does not know this and still believes that she is Sonia's sister.

After this, Ranveer shows RD and Cherry that his plan is to steal the [[Shroud of Turin]]. Ranveer will steal the Shroud himself, but will tell Armaan that he is getting someone else to do it. That person will ask for 15 billion Euros from Armaan, which Ranveer will secretly take. After that, he will get away with the Shroud and all of Armaan's money. RD is afraid of Armaan and therefore betrays Ranveer. RD tells Armaan all of Ranveer's plans. Armaan then tells RD to give Ranveer whatever help he needs, but RD will still be on Armaan's side. At the celebration, Aleena poison Ranveer's glass, and he died, and Omisha, Aleena, and Armaan traveled in his private jet, but Armaan is really Betraying Aleena. But, Ranveer Comes to the scene and reveals that no one is Betraying Him, but Armaan had been betrayed by everyone except Omisha. (RD, Cherry, Aleena, Ranveer, and Godfather Anza were Betraying Armaan). After a long fight in the malfunctioning private jet. Everyone Escapes. Armaan Borrowed 15 Billion From Godfather Anza, But Armaan realized that his Savings and Bearer Bonds were fake. So Anza takes everything while Omisha dumps him for Anza. Armaan is bankrupted.

Ranveer lays flowers on Sonia's grave as Alina watches on. They then meet up with RD and Cherry, and Ranveer gives RD 10% of the money they made from ruining Armaan. There, Ranveer reveals that the Shroud was never even stolen from the Church of Turin because it was too holy to be sold in the underworld market. RD then tells Alina that he never trusted her even though Ranveer trusted her fully. Ranveer reveals that, after everyone left the ruins of Antalya, Alina came back to take Ranveer to the jet. Then, they reveal how Alina switched the real money with the fake money while Ranveer and Armaan were fighting in the jet. RD then says that he does not want to risk his life again and makes Ranveer promise to never meet him again. Ranveer shakes on the promise but then warns RD that promises are made to be broken. RD and Cherry then leave in one small aircraft, while Ranveer and Alina leave in another.

===''Race 3'' (2018)===
{{Main|Race 3}}

The story starts with Shamsher Singh, who runs a big mafia empire in the Middle East with arms and narcotics. Sikander Singh is his adopted son, while Sanjana and Suraj are his twin children. Yash is the man Friday in the Shamsher Singh empire and is a close confidante of Sikander. They all live together as one family in the Middle East. One day, their family lawyer comes and meets Shamsher, and they discuss with Sanjana and Suraj as they are now 25 years old about their will. Shamsher says will have been divided among his 3 children; 50% for Sikander and 25% each for Sanjana and Suraj. Rana Vijay is the business rival of Shamsher. This causes friction in the family, and Sanjana and Suraj to start plotting against Sikander.
Meanwhile, Sikander and Yash revealed that they are in love. At the party, it was revealed that they are in love with the same girl Jessica. This creates a misunderstanding between Yash and Sikander. Then Sikander clears all and tells Yash that it is a plan of Suraj and Sanjana to create misunderstanding between them. They also form a plan against Suraj and Sanjana. According to the plan, Yash expressed his anger upon Sikander and joined hands with Sanjana and Siraj. Shamsher then gives a task to Suraj, Sanjana, Yash, and Sikander. The task is that, they have to steal the hard drive from a bank in Colombia where the Indian politician's illegitimate relationships videos were captured. Shamsher wanted to blackmail the politicians with the videos. They all made a plan and stole the hard drive. But Sikander was arrested for stealing. Later it was revealed that it was Sanjana and Suraj's plan, and Yash was also betraying Sikander. Yash also made a fake relationship with Sanjana. Later, Sikander somehow escaped from the police with the help of Jessica. Later, Shamsher and Sikander lock the deal and fix a meeting with the politicians in a countryside camp. Before reaching to the camp, Sikander's car is blasted. The story takes a twist when it was revealed that Shamsher wanted to kill Sikandar. In the camp, through a video of Sikander's mother, it was revealed that Shamsher is not Suraj and Sanjana's biological father, and it is also revealed that Sikander, Suraj, and Sanjana are siblings. Shamsher announced that Yash is his son. Then Sikander suddenly reappears and tells Shamsher that he knew the truth of Shamsher since ten years with the help of Raghu Chacha. After this, a fight ensures, and Jessica is revealed to be an Interpol agent. After a fight, Sikander nearly kills Yash but tries to give him another chance. Yash was devoted to Shamsher and allowed the police to arrest him. Shamsher and Yash are arrested. It was shown that Shamsher was bribing a police officer. Sikander then announces that the race is not over yet.

=== ''Race 4'' (TBA) ===
The fourth film in the series titled ''Race 4'' was confirmed by Ramesh S. Taurani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Web |first=Statesman |date=2025-04-07 |title=‘Race 4’: Ramesh Taurani spills the beans on Saif Ali Khan and Sidharth Malhotra’s casting |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/bollywood/race-4-ramesh-taurani-spills-the-beans-on-saif-ali-khan-and-sidharth-malhotras-casting-1503417255.html |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref> [[Saif Ali Khan]] will reprise his role from the first two films.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2024-08-20 |title=Saif Ali Khan returns to the Race franchise with fourth instalment: Report : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/saif-ali-khan-returns-race-franchise-fourth-instalment-report/ |access-date=2025-10-18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Films ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Film
!Release date
!Director(s)
!Producer(s)
!Screenwriter(s)
|-
|[[Race (2008 film)|''Race'']]
|21 March 2008
| rowspan="2" |[[Abbas–Mustan]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ramesh S. Taurani]]<br/>Kumar S. Taurani
|Shiraz Ahmed
|-
|[[Race 2|''Race 2'']]
|25 January 2013
| rowspan="2" |Shiraz Ahmed<br/>Kiran Kotrial
|-
|''[[Race 3]]''
|15 June 2018
|[[Remo D'Souza]]
|Ramesh S. Taurani<br/>[[Salman Khan]]
|}

==Cast and characters ==
[[File:Race 2 cast at press conference (cropped).jpg|thumb|Cast members of [[Race 2|''Race 2'']] at a press conference.]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="90%"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Actor
! colspan="3" | Film
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%" | ''[[Race (2008 film)|Race]]''<br />(2008)
! scope="col" style="width:25%" | ''[[Race 2]]''<br />(2013)
! scope="col" style="width:25%" | ''[[Race 3]]''<br />(2018)
|-
![[Anil Kapoor]]
| colspan="2" | Robert D'Costa (RD) ||Shamsher Singh
|-
! [[Saif Ali Khan]]
| colspan="2" |Ranveer Singh (Ronny)
| colspan="1" style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
|-
! [[Salman Khan]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
|Sikandar Singh
|-
![[Bipasha Basu]]
| colspan="2" |Sonia Martin Singh
| colspan="1" style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
|-
! [[Deepika Padukone]]
| style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
|Aleena Malik
| colspan="1" style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
|-
![[Katrina Kaif]]
|Sophia Singh
| colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
|-
! [[Jacqueline Fernandez]]
| colspan="1" style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
|Omisha || Jessica Gomes
|-
! [[Akshaye Khanna]]
| Rajiv Singh
| colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
|-
! [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]]
| style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
| Armaan Malik
| colspan="1" style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
|-
! [[Sameera Reddy]]
|Mini
| colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
|-
! [[Bobby Deol]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
| Yash Singh
|-
! [[Ameesha Patel]]
| style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
| Cherry D'Costa
| colspan="1" style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
|-
! [[Saqib Saleem]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
| Suraj Singh
|-
! [[Daisy Shah]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
| Sanjana Singh
|}

==Additional crew and production details==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width="100%"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Occupation
! colspan="3" | Film
|-
! width:10%;"| ''[[Race (2008 film)|Race]]'' <br>(2008)
! width:10%;"| ''[[Race 2]]'' <br>(2013)
! width:10%;"| ''[[Race 3]]'' <br>(2018)
|-
! Director
| colspan="2" | [[Abbas-Mustan]]
| colspan="1" | [[Remo D'Souza]]
|-
! Producer(s)
|[[Ramesh S. Taurani]]<br/>[[Kumar S. Taurani]]
|Ramesh S. Taurani
|Ramesh S. Taurani<br/>[[Salman Khan]]
|-
! Screenwriter(s)
|Shiraz Ahmed<br/>Anurag Prapanna<br/>Jitendra Parmar
|Kiran Kotrial<br/>Shiraz Ahmed
|Kiran Kotrial<br/>Shiraz Ahmed
|-
! Composer(s)
| colspan="2" |<br> [[Pritam]] <br>
|[[JAM8]]<br>[[Meet Bros]]<br>[[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]<br>Vicky-Hardik<br>Shivaay Vyas<br>Grinder Seagal<br>[[Ali Jacko]]<br>Jayanta Pathak
|-
!Background Score
| colspan="3" |[[Salim–Sulaiman]]
|-
! Cinematography
| colspan="2" | [[Ravi Yadav]]
| [[Ayananka Bose]]

|-
! Editor
| colspan="2" | Hussain A. Burmawala
| Steven H. Bernard

|}

==Reception==
<big>'''Box office'''</big>
{{hatnote|Each film is linked to the "Box office" section of its article.}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! style="text-align:centr;" | Film
! style="text-align:centr;" | Release date
! style="text-align:centr;" | Budget
! style="text-align:centr;" | Box office revenue
|-
| ''[[Race (2008 film)#Box office|Race]]''
| 21 March 2008
| {{INRConvert|46|c|year=2008|mode=historical}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=190|title=Race - Movie - Box Office India|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226100845/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=190|url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{INRConvert|103.45|c|year=2008|mode=historical}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=190|title=Race - Movie - Box Office India|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226100845/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=190|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Race 2#Box office|Race 2]]''
| 25 January 2013
| {{INRConvert|94|c|year=2013|mode=historical}}
| {{INRConvert|173.36|c|year=2013|mode=historical}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=1223|title=Race 2 - Movie - Box Office India|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=12 December 2013|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=18 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718021256/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=1223|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Race 3#Box office|Race 3]]''
| 15 June 2018
| {{INRConvert|150|c|year=2018|mode=historical}}–{{INRConvert|180|c|year=2018|mode=historical}}
| {{INRConvert|295|c|year=2018|mode=historical}}–{{INRConvert|303|c|year=2018|mode=historical}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3785|title=Race 3 – Movie – Box Office India|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|accessdate=18 June 2018|archive-date=25 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225145710/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3785|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" | Total
! {{INRConvert|290|c}}–{{INRConvert|320|c}}
! {{INRConvert|571.81|c}}–{{INRConvert|579.81|c}}
|}
<big>'''Critical reception'''</big>
{{hatnote|Each film is linked to the "Critical response" section of its article.}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Film
![[Rotten Tomatoes]]
|-
|''[[Race (2008 film)#Critical reception|Race]]''
|N/A (4 reviews)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Race {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1194967-race |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Race 2#Critical reception|''Race 2'']]
|0% (3.5/10 average rating) (6 reviews)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Race 2 {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/race_2 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Race 3#Critical response|Race 3]]''
|13% (3.1/10 average rating) (15 reviews)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Race 3 {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/race_3 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Game ==
{{Excerpt|Race 2|Game}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]

Yerragundla, Nandyal District

2026-03-09T12:10:27Z

JudyK9023223:

{{Short description|Indian village}}
{{use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Yerragundla
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Yerraguntla village.jpg
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 12
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[National Highway 18 (India)|Near NH-18]]
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| etymology =
| nickname = Yerraguntla
| coordinates = {{coord|15.2835892|N|78.4951422|E|display=inline,title}}
| population_total = 10258
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nandyal district|Nandyal]]
| named_for = [[Agriculture|Cultivation]]
| government_type = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly Andhra Pradesh]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayati]]
| leader_title = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| leader_name = [[Byreddy Shabari]]
| website = 
| subdivision_type3 = [[Sarpanch]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Sarpanch|Vice Sarpanch]]
| subdivision_name3 = Ayyalur Subhan Ali(Die)
| subdivision_name4 = Sattar Prathapa Reddy
| subdivision_type5 = [[Secretary|Panchyati Secretary]]
| subdivision_name5 = P Venkateswarlu
| established_date = 1927
| area_land_km2 = 42.24
| population_density_km2 = 242 people
| timezone1 = IST 5.30
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]
| postal_code = 518510
| registration_plate = AP-39
| leader_title1 = MLA
| leader_name1 = [[Bhuma Akhila Priya]]
| established_title = British Indian
}}

'''Yerragundla''' is a village<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yerragundla {{!}} Village {{!}} GeoIQ |url=https://geoiq.io/places/Yerragundla/Village |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=geoiq.io |url-status=dead }}</ref> located midway between [[Kurnool]] and [[Kadapa]] on [[National Highway 40 (India)|National Highway 40]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=NH18, Andhra Pradesh, India |url=https://in.geoview.info/nh18,37346011w |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=in.geoview.info}}</ref> in Sirivella mandal of [[Nandyal district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=says |first=Mruthyunjaya |date=2023-10-12 |title=THE INDIAN VILLAGE: Rural Lives in the 21st Century {{!}} Welcome to AESA |url=https://www.aesanetwork.org/the-indian-village-rural-lives-in-the-21st-century/ |access-date=2024-04-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
Yerragundla, historically known as Enagulataguntla in the 18th century,<ref>{{Cite web |title=SBI – Nandyal Region {{!}} District Kurnool, Government of Andhra Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://kurnool.ap.gov.in/public-utility/sbi-nandyal-region/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Major dynasties of south India (753 – 1300 ce) – Outlines of Indian history |url=https://ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in/icp01/chapter/major-dynasties-of-south-india-753-1300-ce/ |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in}}</ref> is a village where elephants were once known to visit a local stream to bathe. This small water body served as a hub for elephants, camels, and other animals to drink water and rest.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2020-11-23 |title=YERRAGUNTLA 2 (Code : 11390288) Sachivalayam Details {{!}} SIRIVELLA MANDAL (RURAL) {{!}} KURNOOL DISTRICT {{!}} Andhra Pradesh |url=https://sachivalayams.com/yerraguntla-2-2/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Sachivalayam'S |language=en-GB}}</ref>

===Demographics and location===
As per available data, the population of Yerragundla is approximately 10,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yerragundla Village Population - Sirvel - Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/594340-yerragundla-andhra-pradesh.html |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> The village is situated in Sirivella mandal of Nandyal district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It forms part of the [[Rayalaseema]] region.

Yerragundla is located about 25 km south of the district headquarters, [[Nandyal]], 5 km from Sirivella, and approximately 280 km from the state capital, [[Amaravati]].

===Events===
On 28 April 2024, Yerragundla was one of the locations visited during Day 2 of the Bus Yatra in Nandyal district.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=G. V. R. Subba |date=2024-03-28 |title=Reject 'anti-people combine' of TDP, BJP and JSP, Jagan Mohan Reddy exhorts people |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/reject-anti-people-combine-of-tdp-bjp-and-jsp-jagan-mohan-reddy-exhorts-people/article68003131.ece |access-date=2024-05-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

===Postal and nearby information===
The PIN code of Yerragundla is 518510, and the postal head office is located in Sirivella.<ref>{{Cite web |title=518510 Pin Code, post offices list |url=https://indiamapia.com/518510.html |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=indiamapia.com}}</ref>

Nearby villages include Erragudidinne (3 km), Vanikemdinne (4 km), Bathalur (5 km), [[Kotapadu]] (6 km), and Gumparamandinne (6 km).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} Nandyal District {{!}} India |url=https://nandyal.ap.gov.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2024-04-07 |language=en-US}}</ref> Yerragundla is bordered by [[Rudravaram mandal]] to the east, Dornipadu mandal to the west, Gospadu mandal to the north, and Allagadda taluka to the south.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Allagadda Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/allagadda-andhra-pradesh-assembly-constituency |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>

== Flower merchants ==
Yerragundla village has a small but active flower market, with several local merchants engaged in the trade. The market has been operational since the early 2000s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AHB Flowers Merchant |url=https://nandyala.idbf.in/2003894/ahb-flowers-merchant |website=nandyala.idbf.in}}</ref>

Notable flower merchants include:
# A. Hussain Basha Flowers Merchant – Established in 2000, this is one of the earliest flower shops in the village.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AHB Flower's |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNCFopwtKV2ECMZVgoV2ZWA |access-date=2025-08-07 |website=YouTube |language=en}}</ref>
# SNR Flowers Merchant
# SAR Flowers Merchant

<gallery>
Hussain Basha Flowers Marchant Yeragundla.jpg|Shop Front
</gallery>

== Education ==
Yerragundla village has several primary, secondary, and junior college-level educational institutions, serving students from the ten villages within the gram panchayat jurisdiction.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPPS (MAIN) YERRAGUNTLA - Yerraguntla District Kurnool (Andhra Pradesh) |url=https://schools.org.in/kurnool/28213600901/mpps-main-yerraguntla.html |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=schools.org.in}}</ref><ref>https://sec.ap.gov.in/Doc21/Ele_Relts21/KURNOOL.pdf{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.''Reterived 25 April 2024.''</ref>

Notable educational institutions in Yerragundla include:
* MMPS (Main) School<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Srivastava |first1=Aryan |last2=Kalra |first2=Aarushi |last3=Tiwari |first3=Saket |date=2022-03-01 |title=A Dataset of Geolocated Villages and Gram Panchayat Election Candidates in Uttar Pradesh |url=https://osf.io/d6w2h/download |access-date=2024-04-13 |doi=10.31235/osf.io/d6w2h |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Vimala English Medium School<ref>{{Cite web |title=VIMALA ENG MED H.S YERRAGUNTLA - Yerraguntla District Kurnool (Andhra Pradesh) |url=https://schools.org.in/kurnool/28213600909/vimala-eng-med-h-s-yerraguntla.html |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=schools.org.in}}</ref>
[[File:Vimala High School, Yerraguntla, Kurnool dist., Andhra Pradesh, India.jpg|thumb|Vimala High School, Yerragundla, Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, India]]
* Gayatri School<ref>{{Cite web |title=GAYATRI EM&TM PS YERRAGUNTLA - Yerraguntla District Kurnool (Andhra Pradesh) |url=https://schools.org.in/kurnool/28213600910/gayatri-em&tm-ps-yerraguntla.html |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=schools.org.in}}</ref>
* Ushayada School<ref>{{Cite web |title=USHODAYA HS - Sirvel District Kurnool (Andhra Pradesh) |url=https://schools.org.in/kurnool/28213600614/ushodaya-hs.html |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=schools.org.in}}</ref>
* Zilla Parishad High School (ZPHS)<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZPHS YERRAGUNTLA - Yerraguntla District Kurnool (Andhra Pradesh) |url=https://schools.org.in/kurnool/28213600908/zphs-yerraguntla.html |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=schools.org.in}}</ref>
* Government Junior College, Yerragundla<ref>{{Cite web |title=GOVT.JR.COLLEGE, YERRANGUNTLA - Yerraguntla District Kurnool (Andhra Pradesh) |url=https://schools.org.in/kurnool/28213600911/govt-jr-college-yerranguntla.html |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=schools.org.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Government Degree College, Yerraguntla |url=https://gdcyerraguntla.ac.in/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=gdcyerraguntla.ac.in}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Yerragundla is located at 15.2835892°N, 78.4951422°E.<ref>{{Cite web |title=eraguntla |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/search |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=OpenStreetMap |language=en}}</ref> The village has an average elevation of approximately 200 metres (656 feet) above sea level.

==Nearby villages==
The following villages are located in and around the vicinity of Yerragundla:
* Gumparamandinne
* Rajanagaram
* Jeene Palle
* Vanikemdinne
* [[Venkatapuram, Kurnool district|Venkatapuram]]
* W.Kottapalle
* Bathalur
* Chilakaluru
* Erragudidinne
* Nagireddi Palle
* Peruru
* Nandhipalle
* Muchineni Palle
* Pulla Kotla
* Venkatespuram

== Banks ==
Yerragundla is served by five banks, comprising four government banks and one private bank:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Banks {{!}} District Kurnool, Government of Andhra Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://kurnool.ap.gov.in/public-utility-category/banks/page/19/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |language=en-US}}</ref>

* [[Bank of India|Bank of India (BOI)]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=BANK OF INDIA, YERRAGUNTLA branch, KURNOOL, Andhra Pradesh - SearchIFSC |url=https://www.searchifsc.com/BANK_OF_INDIA/ANDHRA_PRADESH/KURNOOL/YERRAGUNTLA |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=www.searchifsc.com |language=en}}</ref>
* [[State Bank of India|State Bank Of India (SBI)]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=SBI – Nandyal Region {{!}} District Kurnool, Government of Andhra Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://kurnool.ap.gov.in/public-utility/sbi-nandyal-region/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[ICICI Bank]] (private sector)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Icici Bank Limited, Yerraguntla, Andhra Pradesh, Kurnool IFSC code – Andhra Pradesh |url=https://indialends.com/IL/ifsc/icici-bank-limited-andhra-pradesh-kurnool-yerraguntla-andhra-pradesh |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=indialends.com |language=en}}</ref>
* Rayalaseema Grameena Bank
* Andhra Pragathi Grameena Bank<ref>{{Cite web |title=ANDHRA PRAGATHI GRAMEENA BANK YERRAGUNTLA Branch IFSC Code, MICR Code, Address & Phone Number |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/ifsccode/bank-andhra-pragathi-grameena-bank,state-andhra-pradesh,district-kurnool,branch-yerraguntla,ifsccode-APGB0003195.cms |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://nandyal.ap.gov.in/village-panchayats/ Villages in Nandyal Dist.]
* [https://egramswaraj.gov.in/geotaggedforgpdp.do?planunttypcd=3&gpcode=204663 YERAGUNTLA - Geo Tagged Asset Report]
* [https://egramswaraj.gov.in/physicalprogressReport.do?statecd=28&fyear=2021&gpcd=204663&wrkstts=176 YERAGUNTLA - Physical Progress Report - 2021]

{{Nandyal district}}

[[Category:Villages in Nandyal district]]

Malik Sohrab Dodai

2026-03-05T11:14:05Z

JudyK9023223: starting new biography with sources

'''Malik Sohrab Dodai''' was a [[Baloch people|Baloch]]<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Ibbetson|first1=Sir Denzil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QmrSwFYe60C&dq=Dodai+tribe&pg=PA43|title=Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province|last2=Maclagan|date=1990|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0505-3|language=en}}</ref> mercenary who moved to [[Multan]] ([[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]]) in the late 15th century with his father Mir Doda Khan at the behest of the [[Langah Sultanate]] dynasty. He was accompanied by his sons, [[Ghazi Khan]], Fateh Khan, and Ismail Khan.<ref>Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province By H. A. Rose, IBBETSON, Maclagan Published by Asian Educational Services, 1990 {{ISBN|81-206-0505-5}}, {{ISBN|978-81-206-0505-3}}, pg. 44</ref>

==Sources==
*''Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province.'' H. A. Rose, Ibbetson, Maclagan Published by Asian Educational Services, 1990 {{ISBN|81-206-0505-5}}, {{ISBN|978-81-206-0505-3}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=1QmrSwFYe60C&dq=%22Malik+Sohrab+Dodai%22&pg=PA44]
*''The Baloch race. A historical and ethnological sketch.'' M. Longworth Dames. The [[Royal Asiatic Society]], London, 1902. [https://archive.org/stream/balochracehistor00damerich/balochracehistor00damerich_djvu.txt]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Baloch people]]

{{Pakistan-history-stub}}

Ichhi

2026-03-01T23:52:48Z

JudyK9023223: Added Details

{{About|the village in Himachal Pradesh||Kangra (disambiguation){{!}}Kangra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ichhi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Ichhi View
| pushpin_map = India Himachal Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Himachal Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|32.146061|N|76.278389|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kangra district|Kangra]]
| MC_Office =
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 29.60
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 1457
| population_total = 53543
| population_as_of = 2015
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="profile">{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://mcdharamshala.in/about-us/|website=Dharamshala Municipal Corporation|accessdate=2 April 2016}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Language
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 176 209
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91-1892
| registration_plate = HP 40, HP 68, HP 01D, HP 02D
| website = {{URL|www.hpkangra.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Ichhi''' (also '''Ichhi Khas''') is a village and a [[Village Panchayat]] in [[Kangra district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]]. Ichhi village is 8 kilometres from Kangra.

Near to it 10 km Dharamshala has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a [[smart city]] under [[Narendra Modi|PM Narendra Modi's]] flagship [[Smart Cities Mission]].
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/why-only-98-cities-instead-of-100-announced-all-questions-answered-about-smart-cities-project-2410576.html|title=Why only 98 cities instead of 100 announced: All questions answered about smart cities project|author=FP Staff|date=28 August 2015|work=Firstpost}}</ref>

==Description==
Ichhi is a village in the reaches of the [[Kangra Valley]] and is surrounded by fields and trees. The suburbs include Jhikli Ichhi, Ansoli, Patola, Mastpur, Zamanabad Road ICHHI.

==Etymology==
''Ichhi'' ([[Devanagari]]: इच्छी; [[ITRANS]]: is a [[Hindi]] word (derived from [[Sanskrit]])

In common Hindi usage, the word ''इगेतेश्वर'' refers to god Shiv.

==Ichhi History==

===Before the Raj===

Until the [[British Raj]], Dharamshala and its surrounding area was ruled by the [[Katoch]] Dynasty of [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]], a royal family that ruled the region for two millennia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20091104/himplus.htm#8|title=Seminar on Katoch dynasty trail|date=2009-11-04|publisher=Tribune India|quote=new findings by researchers suggest "the Katoch dynasty dates back to 8,000 years and its 300 rulers ruled in the pre-Mahabharata period and the present scion of this clan, Aditya Dev Katoch, is the 488th member of the clan in the lineage" The researchers claimed "this dynasty is not only the oldest ruling clan of India but also the oldest dynasty of the world and its founder, Adipursha, had come from Mongolia about 11,000 years back".|access-date=5 April 2016|archive-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102122914/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20091104/himplus.htm#8|url-status=dead}}</ref> The royal family still keeps a residence in Dharamsala, known as 'Clouds End Villa'. Under the British Raj, the regions were part of [[Punjab Province (British India)|undivided province of Punjab]], and was ruled by the [[List of governors of Punjab (British India)|governors of Punjab]] from Lahore. The Katoch dynasty, although highly regarded culturally, had been reduced to status of [[jargidar]]s (of [[Kangra-Lambagraon]]) under the [[Treaty of Jawalamukhi]], signed in 1810 between [[Sansar Chand Katoch]] and Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]] of [[Sikh Empire]]. The indigenous people of the Dharamshala area (and the surrounding region) are the [[Gaddis]], a predominantly [[Hindu]] group who traditionally lived a nomadic or semi-nomadic [[transhumance|transhumant]] lifestyle. Due to the lack of permanent settlements in the area, some Gaddis lost their seasonal pastures and farmland when the British and the [[Gurkhas]] arrived to settle.

===Settlement ===

:"Ichhi village lies on a spur of the Dhaola Dhār, 6 miles north-east of Kāngra, in the midst of wild and picturesque scenery.

:"Before the earthquake of 1905, it was very well populated.

In 1905, the [[Kangra valley]] suffered a major earthquake. On 4 April of that year, the earth shook, demolishing much neighbouring city of [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh]] . Altogether, the [[1905 Kangra earthquake]] killed 20,000 people. "1,625 persons perished at Dharamsāla alone."

==Geography==

Ichhi Village is located in the [[Kangra Valley]], in the shadow of the [[Dhauladhar]] mountains.

The main crops grown in the valleys below are rice, wheat and vegetables.

==Major suburbs==
* Ichhi Khas
* Ichhi Upparli

==Connections==

Dharamshala town is reached by [[Gaggal Airport|Dharamshala Gaggal Airport]] codes|DHM|VIGG, about 12 km to the town's south and about 10 km north of [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh]] town. To reach Dharamshala by train, one has to reach [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh]] town by [[Kangra Valley Railway]] line from [[Pathankot]] 94 km away and then take a bus or a taxi.

[[Pathankot]] is a broad gauge railway head. There is another railway line from Pathankot to Jogindernagar, a part of the Mandi District of Himachal Pradesh, which is a narrow-gauge line. The nearest station to Dharamshala on this line is Chamunda Marg, half an hour away, where a [[Shakti Peethas|Shaktipitha]] is; the town is well connected by road to other parts of the country.

Buses of all classes (deluxe, air-conditioned, and regular) ply daily between Dharamshala and major cities such as [[Chandigarh]], [[Delhi]], and [[Shimla]]. Several buses each night connect McLeodGanj with Majnu Ka Tila, the Tibetan settlement in Delhi.

==Climate==
{{
Weather box
|location = Dharamsala
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 24.7
|Feb record high C = 28.0
|Mar record high C = 31.6
|Apr record high C = 35.6
|May record high C = 38.6
|Jun record high C = 38.6
|Jul record high C = 42.7
|Aug record high C = 37.8
|Sep record high C = 34.8
|Oct record high C = 34.6
|Nov record high C = 26.6
|Dec record high C = 27.2
|year record high C = 42.7
|Jan high C = 14.5
|Feb high C = 16.6
|Mar high C = 21.1
|Apr high C = 26.2
|May high C = 30.5
|Jun high C = 31.4
|Jul high C = 27.2
|Aug high C = 26.3
|Sep high C = 26.3
|Oct high C = 24.8
|Nov high C = 20.7
|Dec high C = 16.7
|year high C = 23.5
|Jan low C = 5.9
|Feb low C = 7.7
|Mar low C = 11.8
|Apr low C = 16.3
|May low C = 20.1
|Jun low C = 21.8
|Jul low C = 20.7
|Aug low C = 20.2
|Sep low C = 18.7
|Oct low C = 15.3
|Nov low C = 10.7
|Dec low C = 7.4
|year low C = 14.7
|Jan record low C = -1.9
|Feb record low C = -1.6
|Mar record low C = 2.4
|Apr record low C = 7.3
|May record low C = 8.8
|Jun record low C = 12.8
|Jul record low C = 15.1
|Aug record low C = 14.1
|Sep record low C = 11.2
|Oct record low C = 8.0
|Nov record low C = 4.8
|Dec record low C = -1.0
|year record low C = -1.9
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 114.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 100.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 98.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 48.6
|May precipitation mm = 59.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 202.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 959.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 909.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 404.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 66.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 16.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 54.0
|year precipitation mm = 3054.4
|Jan rain days = 6.1
|Feb rain days = 5.4
|Mar rain days = 5.8
|Apr rain days = 4.0
|May rain days = 4.6
|Jun rain days = 9.3
|Jul rain days = 22.0
|Aug rain days = 22.2
|Sep rain days = 12.8
|Oct rain days = 3.1
|Nov rain days = 1.2
|Dec rain days = 2.9
|year rain days = 99.4
|source 1 = India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)<ref name=IMD>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/dharamshala2.htm
|title=Dharamsala Climatological Table Period: 1951–1980
|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]
|access-date=April 10, 2015
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414131805/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/dharamshala2.htm
|archive-date=April 14, 2015
|df=
}}</ref><ref name=IMD2>{{cite web
|url=http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf
|format=PDF
|title=Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010
|publisher=India Meteorological Department
|access-date=April 10, 2015
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316064314/http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf
|archive-date=March 16, 2014
|df=
}}</ref>
|date= November 2010
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.kangra.org/ Kangra photo gallery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231073245/http://www.kangra.org/ |date=31 December 2013 }}

{{Kangra district}}

[[Category:Villages in Kangra district]]

Ramsagar Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-02-24T03:35:22Z

JudyK9023223: pg

{{Short description|Wildlife sanctuary in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Confuse|Ramsagar National Park}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Ramsagar Wildlife Sanctuary
| iucn_category = IV
| map = India Rajasthan#India
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| location = [[Dholpur district]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|26.690|N|77.880|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| area_km2 = 34.40
| established = 7 November 1955
| governing_body = Rajasthan Forest Department
}}

'''Ramsagar Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a [[List of wildlife sanctuaries of India|wildlife sanctuary]] located in [[Dholpur district]], in the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2017-10-22 |title=Van Vihar, Ramsagar in Dholpur to get ecotourism boost |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/van-vihar-ramsagar-in-dholpur-to-get-ecotourism-boost/story-8cYYKaEgtXLVIYvt0DfCuL.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512204350/https://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/van-vihar-ramsagar-in-dholpur-to-get-ecotourism-boost/story-8cYYKaEgtXLVIYvt0DfCuL.html |archive-date=2023-05-12 |access-date=2025-07-28 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref> It was notified as a sanctuary in 1955 under the [[Wildlife Protection Act, 1972]] by the Rajasthan Government.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Ramsagar Sanctuary |url=https://forest.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/forest/en/aboutus/departmental-wings/wildlife/details-of-protected-area-/ramsagar-sanctuary.html |publisher=Rajasthan Forest Department |accessdate=28 July 2025}}</ref>

== Geography ==
The sanctuary spans an area of 34.40 square kilometres and is centred around the Ramsagar Lake, a historical man-made reservoir which plays a critical ecological role by supporting local biodiversity.<ref name=":0" />

== Biodiversity ==
The sanctuary hosts a wide variety of fauna. Aquatic species such as [[fish]], [[Snake|snakes]], and [[Freshwater crocodile|freshwater crocodiles]] are found in Ramsagar Lake.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Ramsagar Sanctuary Biodiversity Report |url=https://forestsclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/wildlife/Userdetail/11111412231215FKXLRBIODIVERSITYREPORT.pdf |publisher=Government of India – Forest Clearance |accessdate=28 July 2025}}</ref>

Mammals in the sanctuary include [[Golden jackal|golden jackals]], [[Jungle cat|jungle cats]], [[Indian wolf|Indian wolves]], [[Hyena|hyenas]], [[Chital|chitals]], and [[Bengal fox]]. Water birds include [[Cormorant|Cormorants]], [[Darter]], [[Ibis]], [[White-breasted waterhen|White-Breasted Water Hen]], [[Moorhen]], [[Northern jacana|Jacanas]], Stilt, [[River tern|River Tern]], [[Common ringed plover|Ringed Plover]], [[Sandpiper|Sand Piper]] etc. Its also visited During winter months, migratory ducks and geese also visit the lake in good numbers.<ref name=":1" />

In 2022, [[Indian leopard|leopard]] along with two cubs was spotted on a hillside near the dam at the Ramsagar Wildlife Sanctuary.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-20 |title=बाड़ी: रामसागर अभ्यारण क्षेत्र में बांध किनारे पहाड़ी पर दो शावक के साथ दिखा पेंथर, तलाश में जुटा वन विभाग विभाग का अमला, देखिए VIDEO |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/bharatpur/badi-(bharatpur)/news/in-ramsagar-sanctuary-area-a-panther-was-seen-with-two-cubs-on-the-dam-side-hill-the-staff-of-the-forest-department-engaged-in-search-see-video-129533833.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320233013/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/bharatpur/badi-(bharatpur)/news/in-ramsagar-sanctuary-area-a-panther-was-seen-with-two-cubs-on-the-dam-side-hill-the-staff-of-the-forest-department-engaged-in-search-see-video-129533833.html |archive-date=2022-03-20 |access-date=2025-07-28 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Tourism ==
The sanctuary is accessible from [[Dholpur]] town and lies approximately 18 km from [[Van Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary]], making it a part of the eco-tourism circuit of eastern Rajasthan.<ref>{{cite web |title=WildTrails: Ramsagar Wildlife Sanctuary |url=https://wildtrails.in/ramsagar-ram-sagar-wildlife-sanctuary/ |accessdate=28 July 2025}}</ref> In 2017, the sanctuary along with Van Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary is planned to be developed as a wildlife destination for eco-tourism by the State Forest Department.<ref name=":2" />

== See also ==
* [[Van Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
* [[List of wildlife sanctuaries of India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Rajasthan]]

== External links ==
* [https://forest.rajasthan.gov.in/ Rajasthan Forest Department]
* [https://forestsclearance.nic.in/ Forest Clearance Portal – Government of India]

Sarkaar With Jiiva

2026-02-23T02:02:09Z

JudyK9023223: Started new article

{{Short description|2022 Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| native_name = {{Infobox name module|சர்கார் வித் ஜீவா}}
| image = Sarkaar With Jiiva.jpg
| genre = {{Plainlist|
* [[Game show|Quiz]]
* Reality
* [[Game show]]
}}
| director = Joshua Preetham
| presenter = {{Plainlist|
* [[Jiiva]]
}}
| country = [[India]]
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 13
| location = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| runtime = approx.50-60 minutes per episode
| producer =
| company = Wave Media
| network = [[aha (streaming service)|aha Tamil]] <br> [[Colors Tamil]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2022|9|16}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2022|12|9}}
| voices =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| related =
}}

'''Sarkaar With Jiiva''' (சர்கார் வித் ஜீவா) is a 2022 Indian [[Tamil-language]] reality television show, produced as an Original for [[aha (streaming service)|Aha Tamil]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/entertainment/watch-sarkaar-jiiva-aha-tamil-160247|title=Watch Sarkaar with Jiiva on Aha Tamil|website=english.sakshi.com|language=en}}</ref> The show's first season was hosted by [[Jiiva]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/aug/29/jiiva-to-host-game-show-sarkar-with-jiiva-on-aha-tamil-34190.html|title=Jiiva to host game show 'Sarkar with Jiiva' on Aha Tamil|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=29 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/actor-jiiva-makes-his-debut-as-anchoe-at-aha-tamil-408405|title=நடிகர் ஜீவா இனி 'ஆஹா' தொகுப்பாளர்|website=zeenews.india.com|date=29 August 2022 |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/aha-tamil-ott-first-reality-show-sarkaar-with-jiiva-actor-jeeva-to-host-the-show-73008|title=இது புதுசு... நோ ரூல்ஸ் கேம் ஷோவின் தொகுப்பாளராக ஓடிடியில் களமிறங்கும் நடிகர் ஜீவா..!|website=tamil.abplive.com|date=12 September 2022|language=ta|access-date=20 November 2022|archive-date=20 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120105851/https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/aha-tamil-ott-first-reality-show-sarkaar-with-jiiva-actor-jeeva-to-host-the-show-73008|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/jiiva-takes-the-ott-leap-to-host-star-studded-tamil-game-show-426534|title=Jiiva takes the OTT leap, to host star-studded Tamil game show|website=www.tribuneindia.com|language=en|access-date=20 November 2022|archive-date=20 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120112901/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/jiiva-takes-the-ott-leap-to-host-star-studded-tamil-game-show-426534|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-sarkaar-with-jiiva-the-show-gave-me-an-opportunity-to-reconnect-with-my-film-fraternity-says-jiiva/1e7cd29886803|title=Sarkaar with Jiiva: The show gave me an opportunity to reconnect with my film fraternity, says Jiiva|website=www.ottplay.com|language=en|access-date=20 November 2022|archive-date=20 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120111354/https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-sarkaar-with-jiiva-the-show-gave-me-an-opportunity-to-reconnect-with-my-film-fraternity-says-jiiva/1e7cd29886803|url-status=live}}</ref>

The web shows premiered on the television channel [[Colors Tamil]] starting from 10 December 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/cinema-colors-tamil-serials-time-change-kanda-naal-mudhal-sarkar-with-jiiva-854243.html|title=கலர்ஸ் தமிழ் சீரியல்களில் ஏற்பட்ட அதிரடி மாற்றம்!|website=tamil.news18.com|date=12 December 2022|language=ta|access-date=12 December 2022|archive-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212164847/https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/cinema-colors-tamil-serials-time-change-kanda-naal-mudhal-sarkar-with-jiiva-854243.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Series overview==
===Streaming===
{{Series overview

| color1 = #74E387
| episodes1 = 13
| start1 = {{start date|df=yes|2022|9|16}}
| end1 = {{end date|df=yes|2022|12|9}}

| color2 = #004000
| episodes2 =
| start2 =
| end2 =
}}

===Television broadcast===
{{Series overview
| color1 = #74E387
| episodes1 = 13
| start1 = {{start date|df=yes|2022|12|10}}
| end1 = present

| color2 = #004000
| episodes2 =
| start2 =
| end2 =
}}

==Episodes==
{| class="wikitable" width="65%"
!scope="col" style ="background: #FF0000 ;color:white"| Episodes
!scope="col" style ="background: #FF0000 ;color:white"| Airing
!scope="col" style ="background: #FF0000 ;color:white"| Contestants
!scope="col" style ="background: #FF0000 ;color:white"| Team
|-
| 1
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|9|16}}
| [[Venkat Prabhu]], [[Vaibhav Reddy]], [[Premgi Amaren]], [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| VP Gang
|-
| 2
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|9|23}}
| [[Atharvaa]], [[Tanya Ravichandran]], [[Chinni Jayanth]], [[Sam Anton]]
| Trigger Team
|-
| 3
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|9|30}}
| [[Robo Shankar]], [[Dheena (actor)|Dheena]], [[Bala Saravanan]], [[Jagan (actor)|Jagan]]
| Comedians
|-
| 4
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|10|7}}
| [[Jai (actor)|Jai]], [[Malvika Sharma]], [[Samyuktha (actress)|Samyuktha]], [[Aishwarya Dutta]]
| [[Coffee with Kadhal]] film Team
|-
| 5
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|10|14}}
| [[Baba Bhaskar]], [[Sridhar (choreographer)|Sridhar]], Ashok Raja, [[Sherif (choreographer)|Sherif]]
| Dance Masters
|-
| 6
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|10|21}}
| [[Anjana Rangan]], [[Keerthi Shanthanu]], RJ Vijay, VJ Pappu
| Hosts
|-
| 7
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|10|28}}
| [[RJ Vigneshkanth]], Aneessh, Sriram, [[Shah Ra]]
| Youtubers
|-
| 8
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|11|4}}
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Anuradha Sriram]], [[Kalpana Raghavendar]], [[Krish (singer)|Krish]]
| Singers
|-
| 9
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|11|11}}
| [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]], [[Vani Bhojan]], [[Rajkumar (Tamil actor)|Rajkumar]], M. Sakthivel
| [[Miral (2022 film)|Miral]] film Team
|-
| 10
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|11|18}}
| Madurai Muthu, Azhar, Saravanakumar, Ramar
| KPY Team
|-
| 11
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|11|25}}
| [[Santhosh Narayanan]], Vijay Narain, Gana Muthu, Anandhu
| Sana and Gang
|-
| 12
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|12|2}}
| [[Karate Raja]], [[Thalapathy Dinesh]], [[Besant Ravi]], [[Sampath Ram]]
| Fight Masters
|-
| 13
| {{start date|df=yes|2022|12|9}}
| [[KPY Bala|Bala]], Kuraishi, Sarath, [[Manimegalai]]
| [[KPY Bala|Kpy Bala]] Ganga
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|23666490}}

[[Category:Aha (streaming service) original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language reality television series]]
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Colors Tamil original programming]]
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television series based on Telugu-language television series]]

Hisar Municipal Corporation

2026-02-18T13:45:40Z

JudyK9023223:

{{Short description|Local civic body in Hisar, Haryana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Hisar Municipal Corporation
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| transcription_name =
| logo_pic =
| house_type = Municipal Corporation
| term_limits = 5 years
| foundation = {{start date and age|2016}}
| leader1_type = [[Mayor (India)|Mayor]]
| leader1 = Praveen Popli
| party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| election1 = March 2025
| leader2_type = [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition]]
| leader2 =
| party2 =
| election2 =
| leader3_type = [[Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader3 = Pradeep Dahiya
| party3 = [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| election3 =
| seats = '''20'''
| structure1_res = 275px
| structure1 = India Hisar, Haryana Municipal Corporation 2025.svg
| political_groups1 =
'''[[Municipal corporation (India)|Government]] (17)'''
:*{{Colour box|#FF9933}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (17)
'''Opposition (1)'''
:*{{Colour box|#00BFFF}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1)
'''[[Parliamentary opposition|Others]] (2)'''
:*{{Colour box|#B2B2B2}} [[Independent politician|IND]] (2)
| term_length = 5 years
| authority =
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First-past-the-post]]
| last_election1 = [[2025 Hisar Municipal Corporation election|2 March 2025]]
| next_election1 = 2030
| motto =
| session_room =
| session_res =
| session_alt =
| meeting_place = [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]], [[Haryana]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Hisar Municipal Corporation''' is the [[Municipal corporation (India)|municipal corporation]] governing [[India]]n city of [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]]. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras ([[Chennai]]) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay ([[Mumbai]]) and Calcutta ([[Kolkata]]) by 1762.<ref name="May ref5">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Anupam |title=City Mayors: Indian Mayors |url=http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/indian-mayors.html |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=citymayors.com}}</ref> Hisar Municipal Corporation is headed by [[Mayor]] of city and governed by [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Commissioner]].

== History and administration ==

Hisar Municipal Corporation was formed in to improve the infrastructure of the town as per the needs of local population.<ref name="hi3">{{cite news |title=Hisar official who led team set up to cremate Covid dead succumbs to virus |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/haryana-official-who-led-team-for-covid-cremations-dies-7320723/ |access-date=25 May 2022 |publisher=indianexpress.com |date=19 May 2021}}</ref> Hisar Corporation has been categorised into wards and each ward is headed by councillor for which elections are held every 5 years.<ref name="hi1">{{cite news |title=AAP in Haryana civic polls fray, first big test for Hooda & new-look state Congress |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/political-pulse/aap-haryana-civic-polls-hooda-congress-7932352/lite/ |access-date=25 May 2022 |publisher=indianexpress.com |date=23 May 2022}}</ref>

Hisar Municipal Corporation is governed by mayor and administered by Municipal Commissioner Ashok Kumar Garg, IAS.<ref name="hi2">{{cite news |title=No end to stray cattle menace in Hisar |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/no-end-to-stray-cattle-menace-in-hisar-306476 |access-date=25 May 2022 |publisher=tribuneindia.com |date=4 September 2021}}</ref>

== Functions ==
Hisar Municipal Corporation is created for the following functions:<ref name="hi9">{{cite news |title=Municipal Corporation - Functions, Roles, Members Qualification and Term |url=https://www.elections.in/government/municipal-corporation-in-india.html |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref name="hi10">{{cite news |title=Good municipal governance key to improve quality of life {{!}} Pune News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/good-municipal-governance-key-to-improve-quality-of-life/articleshow/57320746.cms |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=The Times of India |date=24 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

* Planning for the town including its surroundings which are covered under its Department's Urban Planning Authority .
* Approving construction of new buildings and authorising use of land for various purposes.
* Improvement of the town's economic and Social status.
* Arrangements of water supply towards commercial, residential and industrial purposes.
* Planning for fire contingencies through Fire Service Departments.
* Creation of solid waste management, public health system and sanitary services.
* Working for the development of ecological aspect like development of Urban Forestry and making guidelines for environmental protection.
* Working for the development of weaker sections of the society like mentally and physically handicapped, old age and gender biased people.
* Making efforts for improvement of slums and poverty removal in the town.

== Revenue sources ==

The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government.<ref name="hi11">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="hi12">{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="hi13">{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

== See also ==

* [[List of municipal corporations in India]]
{{Municipalities of Haryana}}

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://hisar.gov.in/public-utility/municipal-corporation-hisar/ Official Website]

{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Municipal corporations in Haryana]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Hisar (city)]]

Mishal Raheja

2026-02-09T14:09:31Z

JudyK9023223:

{{short description|Indian television actor (born 1982)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Mishal Raheja
| image = Mishal (cropped).png
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| occupation = Actor
}}

'''Mishal Raheja''' is an Indian television actor. He played Dr Sahil Aggarwal in Nikhil Advani's Mumbai Diaries 26/11 for Amazon Prime.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Raheja |first1=Mishal |title=In Bed With Mishal Raheja: “I prefer movies over web series as I like the story to end the same night” |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/brunch/in-bed-with-mishal-raheja-i-prefer-movies-over-web-series-as-i-like-the-story-to-end-the-same-night-101638627875715.html |website=Hindustan Times |publisher=Hindustan Times |access-date=9 February 2026}}</ref> He made his debut with the MTV show ''Pyar Vyar and All That'' and is known for portraying the role of Dutta Bhau in ''[[Laagi Tujhse Lagan]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/television/top-stories/specials/mishal-raheja-interview-300507.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217231702/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/television/top-stories/specials/mishal-raheja-interview-300507.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 February 2013|title="Anurag Basu is as good in television, as he is in films": Mishal Raheja|work=OneIndia|date=30 May 2007}}</ref> Akash Sehgal in ''[[Love Story (SAB TV series)|Love Story]]'' and Viplav Tripathi in TV series ''[[Ishq Ka Rang Safed]]''. He also essayed the character of King Singh in the [[Zee TV]] daily soap opera ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''.

In September 2022, He joined [[Aam Aadmi Party]] in [[Mumbai]].

==Filmography==

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0c4de;"
!Year !! Show !! Role !! Ref(s)
|-
| 2005–2006 || ''[[MTV India#Shows|Pyaar Vyaar and All That]]'' || Kush<br />|| <ref>{{cite news |last=Shah |first=Jigar |title=Watch F.R.I.E.N.D.S the MTV way |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] Online Edition |location=[[Chandigarh]] |date=4 December 2005 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051204/ttlife.htm |accessdate=12 January 2011}}</ref><ref name="Cinevistaas New Show on MTV to be aired on 14th November">{{cite web |url=http://www.balleballeradio.co.uk/newspart.php?id=445 |title=Cinevistaas New Show on MTV to be aired on 14th November |publisher=Balle Balle Radio |accessdate=13 January 2011|url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130419205319/http://www.balleballeradio.co.uk/newspart.php?id=445 |archivedate=19 April 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 2007–2008 || ''[[Love Story (SAB TV series)|Love Story]]'' || Akash Sehgal || <ref>{{cite news |last=Rashid|first=Parbina |title=Heart & Home: Mishaal Raheja |newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |location=[[Calcutta]] |date=27 February 2008 |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080227/jsp/entertainment/story_8960231.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211095752/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080227/jsp/entertainment/story_8960231.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 December 2010 |accessdate=12 January 2011}}</ref>
|-
| 2009–2011 || ''[[Laagi Tujhse Lagan]]'' || Dutta Shriram Patil (Dutta Bhau) ||{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Mano Ya Na Mano (2006 TV series)|Mano Ya Na Mano]]'' ''(Season 2)'' || Host || <ref name="Mano Ya Na Mano - Official website">{{cite web |url=http://www.starone.in/show.aspx?sid=61 |title=Mano Ya Na Mano - Official website |publisher=StarOne.in |accessdate=2011-01-12 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218011834/http://starone.in/show.aspx?sid=61 |archivedate=18 December 2010}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"|2014 || ''[[Encounter (Indian TV series)|Encounter]]'' || Inspector Nitin Kamte ||{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
|-
| ''[[Maharakshak Aryan]]'' || Challa ||{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
|-
| ''Shaadi Vaadi and All That'' || Ranbir Ahuja ||{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
|-
| 2015–2016 || ''[[Ishq Ka Rang Safed]]'' || Viplav Tripathi ||{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
|-
||2018–2019 || ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]'' || King Singh ||{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|2019 || ''[[BOSS: Baap of Special Services]]'' || Vicky Malhotra ||{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
|-
| ''Sparsh'' || Jatin ||{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Platform
! Notes
!Ref.
|-
|2021
|''[[Mumbai Diaries 26/11]]''
| Dr. Sahil Aggarwal
|Amazon Prime Video
|
|
|-
|}

=== Special appearance ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Channel !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2"|2010
| ''[[Maat Pitaah Ke Charnon Mein Swarg]]''
| Dutta Bhau
|[[Colors TV]]
| rowspan="4"| Guest appearance
|-
| ''[[Raaj Pichle Janam Ka]]''
| rowspan="2"|Himself
| [[NDTV Imagine]]
|-
|2013
| ''[[Punar Vivah - Ek Nayi Umeed]]''
| rowspan="2"|[[Zee TV]]
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Kundali Bhagya]]''
| King Singh
|-
|}

==Awards and nominations==

===[[Indian Television Academy Awards|The Indian Television Academy Awards]]===
'''Nominated'''
* 2010 - ITA Best Actor Popular Award for ''[[Laagi Tujhse Lagan]]''<ref name="Replacing Irrfan Khan was a challenge, Mishaal Raheja">{{cite web |url=http://www.starone.in/news/880/replacing-irrfan-khan-was-a-challenge-mishal-raheja.aspx |title=Replacing Irrfan Khan was a challenge, Mishaal Raheja |publisher=StarOne.in |date=29 October 2010 |accessdate=2011-01-12 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101035445/http://www.starone.in/news/880/replacing-irrfan-khan-was-a-challenge-mishal-raheja.aspx |archivedate=1 January 2011}}</ref>

===[[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]]===
'''Nominated'''
* 2010 - BIG Star Television Actor (Male) Award for ''[[Laagi Tujhse Lagan]]''<ref name="The BIG STAR ENTERTAINMENT AWARDS' nominees list announced">{{cite web|url=https://starbuzz-starbuzz.blogspot.com/2010/12/big-star-entertainment-awards-nominees.html |title=The BIG STAR ENTERTAINMENT AWARDS' nominees list announced |publisher=StarBuzz Online |date=16 December 2010 |accessdate=2011-01-12}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{IMDb name|6813370}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raheja, Mishal}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Devigol

2026-01-31T11:23:25Z

JudyK9023223: Added a bio more to come

{{short description|Hill Station in Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Devigol
| native_name =
| settlement_type = Hill Station
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kishtwar district|Kishtwar]]
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bunjwah]]
| subdivision_type4 = Village
| subdivision_name4 =[[Patnazi]]
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir
| pushpin_label_position = center
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Devigol [[Bunjwah]], [[Kishtwar district|Kishtwar]], Jammu and Kashmir, India
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 12
| mapframe-marker = attraction
| coordinates = {{coord|33.1449752|N|75.9651455|E|display=inline,title}}
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Urdu]] and [[English language|English]]
| demographics_type2 = Languages
| demographics2_title1 = Spoken
| demographics2_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Kishtwari]], [[Gojri]], [[Baderwahi]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 300
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/1/
| image1 = Devigol Bunjwah.png
| caption1 = View Of [[Devigol]]
| image2= Eid Gah Devigol.png
| caption2 = Eid Gah [[Devigol]]
| image3= Devigol, Water spring.jpg
| caption3 = Water Spring
| image= Devigol.jpg
|Jawalla mata mandir Devigol
}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Devigol [[Bunjwah]]
District [[Kishtwar]]
| image_size = 300 px
| elevation_m =
| elevation_footnotes =
}}

'''Devigol''' is a [[hill station]] and popular tourist destination in Patnazi Village, [[Bunjwah]], [[Kishtwar district]] in the Indian union territory of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].

The Devigol Festival is held there annually.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Devigol Festival |url=https://utsav.gov.in/view-event/devigol-festival-1 |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=utsav.gov.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Famous Devigol festival held in Jammu and Kashmir’s Kishtwar |url=https://kalingatv.com/nation/devigol-festival-in-jammu-and-kashmirs-kishtwar-attracts-over-10000-tourists/ |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=kalingatv.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETTravelWorld.com |title=Kishtwar’s Devigol Festival attracts over 10,000 tourists - ET TravelWorld |url=https://travel.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/destination/states/kishtwars-devigol-festival-attracts-over-10000-tourists/103603948 |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=ETTravelWorld.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title=*Devigol: Nature's Serene Abode* - Kishtwar Tourism|url=https://kishtwartourism.com/Tourism#:~:text=*Devigol:%20Nature%27s%20Serene%20Abode*,restored%20health%20and%20well%2Dbeing.|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Hill stations in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Kishtwar district]]

{{JammuKashmir-geo-stub}}

Ambrose Mathalaimuthu

2025-12-10T09:48:19Z

JudyK9023223:

{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=May 2020}}
{{One source|date=August 2024}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{infobox person
|name = Ambrose Mathalaimuthu
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1925|7|25}}
|birth_place = Nagalur, Tamilnadu
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2009|11|15|1925|7|25}}
}}
''[[The Most Reverend]]'' '''Ambrose Mathalaimuthu''' [[Doctor of Divinity|D.D.]] [[Doctor of Canon Law|D.C.L.]] (25 July 1925 – 15 November 2009) was Bishop Emeritus of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Coimbatore]], India.

Born in [[Tamil Nadu|Nagalur, Tamil Nadu]], South India, he was ordained as a priest on 21 December 1951. He was appointed bishop of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tuticorin]] on 30 August 1971 and was ordained on 9 December 1971. On 6 December 1979, he was appointed bishop of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Coimbatore|Coimbatore Diocese]], retiring on 10 July 2002, shortly before his 77th birthday.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Catholic Hierarchy biodata |url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bmath.html |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mathalaimuthu, Ambrose}}
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:Clergy from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in India]]

{{India-RC-bishop-stub}}

Taratanr

2025-12-02T12:01:17Z

JudyK9023223: Started new stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Taratanr
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.051111|N|86.433545|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Giridih district|Giridih]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3,401
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages(*For language details see [[Gandey block#Language and religion]])
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone/ STD code
| area_code = 06532
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kodarma (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kodarma]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Gandey (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gandey]]
| website = {{URL|giridih.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Taratanr''' (also spelled Taratand) is a village in the [[Gandey block|Gandey]] CD block in [[Giridih Sadar subdivision]] of [[Giridih district]] in the Indian state of [[Jharkhand]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=310| height=480| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|24|19|0|N|86|10|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the Giridih district in North Chotanagpur Division'''<br/>M: municipality, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious/ tourist centre<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|24|6|36|N|86|28|51|E}} | label-pos1=bottom|label1= Ahilyapur | numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Ahilyapur]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|55|24|N|86|2|38|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2= Nimiaghat| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Asurbandh]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|5|30|N|85|49|50|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Bagodar| numbered3=R| mark-title3=[[Bagodar]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|24|18|6|N|86|21|39|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Bengabad| numbered4=R| mark-title4=[[Bengabad]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|24|35|39|N|86|13|28|E}} | label-pos5=top|label5= Bhelwaghati| numbered5=R| mark-title5=[[Bhelwaghati]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|24|16|28|N|85|55|31|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Birni| numbered6=R| mark-title6=[[Birni, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|24|30|51|N|86|11|40|E}} | label-pos7=top|label7= Deori| numbered7=R| mark-title7=[[Deori, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|59|20|N|85|59|30|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Dumri| numbered8=R| mark-title8=[[Dumri, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|24|11|30|N|86|26|20|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Gandey| numbered9=R| mark-title9=[[Gandey]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|24|37|16|N|85|56|47|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Gawan| numbered10=R| mark-title10=[[Gawan, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|24|3|50|N|85|52|48|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Hesla| numbered11=R| mark-title11=[[Hesla]] (R)
|mark-coord12={{coord|24|22|13|N|86|8|51|E}} | label-pos12=bottom|label12= Jamua| numbered12=R| mark-title12=[[Jamua]] (R)
|mark-coord13={{coord|24|27|49|N|86|0|15|E}} | label-pos13=top|label13= Khori Mahua| numbered13=R| mark-title13=[[Khori Mahua]] (R)
|mark-coord14={{coord|24|0|26|N|86|13|24|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Khukhra| numbered14=R| mark-title14=[[Khukhra]] (R)
|mark-coord15={{coord|24|27|10|N|86|2|51|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Hirodih| numbered15=R| mark-title15=[[Pandedih]] (R)
|mark-coord16={{coord|24|4|0|N|86|9|47|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Pirtand| numbered16=R| mark-title16=[[Pirtand]] (R)
|mark-coord17={{coord|24|11|13|N|85|53|29|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Suriya| numbered17=R| mark-title17=[[Suriya, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord18={{coord|24|3|4|N|86|26|0|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Taratanr| numbered18=R| mark-title18=Taratanr (R)|shape-color18=black| label-size18=13|label-color18=black 
|mark-coord19={{coord|24|34|28|N|86|3|32|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Tisri| numbered19=R| mark-title19=[[Tisri, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord20={{coord|24|12|30|N|86|18|20|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Giridih| numbered20=M| mark-title20= [[Giridih]] (M) |label-size21=13 |label-color20=#800000
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|57|40|N|86|8|13|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Shikharji| numbered21=H| mark-title21=[[Shikharji]] (H) | shape-color21=#AA6666
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|57|0|N|86|10|0|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Pareshath Hill| numbered22=H| mark-title22=[[Pareshnath Hill]] (H) | shape-color22=#AA6666
|mark-coord23={{coord|24|0|25|N|86|8|46|E}} | label-pos23=top|label23= Madhuban| numbered23=H| mark-title23=[[Madhuban, Giridih]] (H) | shape-color23=#AA6666
|mark-coord24={{coord|24|25|24|N|86|9|57|E}} | label-pos24=right|label24= Kharagdiha| numbered24=H| mark-title24=[[Kharagdiha]] (H) | shape-color24=#AA6666
|mark-coord25={{coord|24|5|47|N|86|22|14|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Usri Falls| numbered25=H| mark-title25=[[Usri Falls]] (H) | shape-color25=#AA6666
|mark-coord26={{coord|24|8|20|N|86|16|30|E}} | label-pos26=left|label26=Giridih coalfield |numbered26=0 | mark-title26=[[Giridih Coalfield]] | label-size26=12| shape-color26=#AA6666
|mark-coord27={{coord|24|10|13|N|86|16|15|E}}| label-pos27=left|label27=Akdoni Khurd| numbered27=CT| mark-title27= [[Akdoni Khurd]] (CT) |shape-color27= #A40000
|mark-coord28={{coord|24|9|50|N|85|53|25|E}}| label-pos28=bottom|label28=Barki Saraiya| numbered28=CT| mark-title28= [[Barki Saraiya]] (CT) |shape-color28= #A40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|24|8|50|N|86|18|28|E}}| label-pos29=right|label29=Dandidih| numbered29=CT| mark-title29= [[Dandidih]] (CT) |shape-color29= #A40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|24|25|12|N|85|58|48|E}}| label-pos30=left|label30=Dhanwar| numbered30=CT| mark-title30= [[Dhanwar, Giridih]] (CT) |shape-color30= #A40000
|mark-coord31={{coord|23|59|14|N|86|1|48|E}}| label-pos31=right|label31=Isri| numbered31=CT| mark-title31= [[Isri]] (CT) |shape-color31= #A40000
|mark-coord32={{coord|24|0|50|N|86|0|52|E}}| label-pos32=left|label32=Jamtara| numbered32=CT| mark-title32= [[Jamtara, Giridih]] (CT) |shape-color32= #A40000
|mark-coord33={{coord|24|14|0|N|86|24|18|E}}| label-pos33=top|label33=Maheshmunda| numbered33=CT| mark-title33= [[Maheshmunda]] (CT) |shape-color33= #A40000
|mark-coord34={{coord|24|10|0|N|86|18|27|E}}| label-pos34=right|label34=Paratdih| numbered34=CT| mark-title34= [[Paratdih]] (CT) |shape-color34= #A40000
|mark-coord35={{coord|24|7|30|N|86|19|10|E}}| label-pos35=right|label35=Pertodih| numbered35=CT| mark-title35= [[Pertodih]] (CT) |shape-color35= #A40000
|mark-coord36={{coord|24|14|0|N|86|17|35|E}}| label-pos36=left|label36=Sirsia| numbered36=CT| mark-title36= [[Sirsia]] (CT) |shape-color36= #A40000
|mark-coord37={{coord|24|12|15|N|86|15|27|E}}| label-pos37=left|label37=Telodih| numbered37=CT| mark-title37= [[Telodih]] (CT) |shape-color37= #A40000
|mark-coord38={{coord|24|8|30|N|86|1|0|E}} |label38= Barakar|labela38= River |label-color38 = #77A1CB| label-angle38= -10| label-pos38=top| label-size38=10| mark-size38=0| mark-title38 =none
|mark-coord39={{coord|24|0|0|N|85|49|20|E}} |label39= Jamunia|labela39= River|label-color39 = #77A1CB| label-angle39= -50| label-pos39=top| label-size39=10| mark-size39=0| mark-title39 =none
|mark-coord40={{coord|24|33|0|N|86|0|0|E}} |label40= Sakri River|label-color40 = #77A1CB| label-angle40= 20| label-pos40=top| label-size40=10| mark-size40=0| mark-title40 =none
|mark-coord41={{coord|24|39|19|N|86|0|17|E}} | label-pos41=left|label41= Lokainayanpur| numbered41=R| mark-title41=[[Lokainayanpur]] (R)
|mark-coord42={{coord|24|23|25|N|86|10|24|E}} | label-pos42=right|label42= Mirzaganj| numbered42=R| mark-title42=[[Mirzaganj]] (R)
|mark-coord43={{coord|24|20|28|N|86|1|4|E}} | label-pos43=left|label43= Jharkhand|labela43= Dham| numbered43=H| mark-title43=[[Jharkhand Dham]] (H) | shape-color43=#AA6666
|arc-coordA={{coord|24|48|0|N|85|50|0|E}}|arc-textA= BIHAR| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-35| arc-gapA=15.0| arc-radiusA=0.35}}

===Location===
Taratanr is located at {{coord|24.051111|N|86.433545|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
Giridih district is a part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]], with rocky soil and extensive forests. Most of the rivers in the district flow from the west to east, except in the northern portion where the rivers flow north and north west. The [[Pareshnath Hill]] rises to a height of {{convert|4479|ft}}. The district has coal and mica mines. It is an overwhelmingly rural district with small pockets of urbanisation. <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2004_PART_A_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title = District Census Handbook 2011 Giridih, Series 21, Part XII A| work = Natural Divisions, Forests: pages 8 and 9 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | accessdate = 15 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-JK.html |title = 2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= Jharkhand – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 23 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://desjharkhand.nic.in/publications.html | title = District Statistical Handbook, Giridih | work = Tables 2.1, 2.4, 2.6 | publisher = Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Planning and Development, Jharkhand | accessdate = 23 September 2017 }}</ref>

<small>Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.</small>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Taratanr had a total population of 3,401, of which 1,757 (52%) were males and 1,644 (48%) were females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 714. The total number of literate persons in Taratanr was 1,527 (56.83% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-JK.html |title = 2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= Jharkhand – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 28 November 2017}}</ref>

==Civic administration==
===Police station===
Taratanr police station has jurisdiction over the [[Gandey block|Gandey]] CD block.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://desjharkhand.nic.in/publications.html | title = District Statistical Handbook, Giridih | work = Tables 2.1, 2.4 | publisher = Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Planning and Development, Jharkhand | accessdate = 28 November 2017 }}</ref>

==Transport==
State Highway 13 (Jharkhand), running from [[Koderma]] to [[Gobindpur, Jharkhand|Gobindpur]], passes through Taratanr. There is a bridge over the [[Barakar River|Barakar]] nearby, crossing over to [[Tundi (community development block)|Tundi]] CD block in [[Dhanbad district]].<ref>Google maps</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Giridih District}}

[[Category:Villages in Giridih district]]

Trishna Ray

2025-11-24T23:55:51Z

JudyK9023223: Started entry

{{short description|Indian female pageant winner}}
{{Infobox pageant titleholder
| name = Trishna Ray
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| alt =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]], [[India]]
| occupation = [[Model (person)|Model]]
| years_active = 2023–present
| citizenship =
| education = [[Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology]]
| known_for =
| height =
| title = Miss Teen Universe India 2023<br />Miss Teen Universe 2024
| competitions = Miss Teen Diva 2023<br />(Miss Teen Universe India 2023)<br />Miss Teen Universe 2024<br />(Winner)
| eye_color =
}}

'''Trishna Ray''' is an Indian beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Teen Universe 2024 on November 9, 2024, in [[South Africa]]. She is the first Indian to win the Miss Teen Universe title.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/odisha-s-trishna-ray-wins-miss-teen-universe-2024-held-in-south-africa-nc-124111300807_1.html | title=Odisha's Trishna Ray wins Miss Teen Universe 2024 held in South Africa | publisher=[[Business Standard]] | work=Sudeep Singh Rawat | date=13 November 2024 | accessdate=18 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://kalingatv.com/odisha/miss-teen-universe-2024-title-winner-trishna-ray-in-bhubaneswar-watch/ | title=Miss Teen Universe 2024 title winner Trishna Ray in Bhubaneswar | publisher=[[Kalinga TV]] | work=Himanshu | date=15 November 2024 | accessdate=18 November 2024}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Ray was born in [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]], to Dillip Kumar Ray, a [[Colonel]] at [[Indian Armed Forces]] and Rajashree Ray. She is currently studying fashion technology at [[Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology]] in [[Bhubaneswar]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.kiit.ac.in/kiitnews/kiit-student-trishna-ray-crowned-miss-teen-universe-2024-in-south-africa/ | title=KIIT Student Trishna Ray Crowned Miss Teen Universe 2024 In South Africa | publisher=kiit.ac.in | date=11 November 2024 | accessdate=18 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://odishabytes.com/proud-moment-for-odisha-kiit-student-trishna-ray-crowned-miss-teen-universe-2024/ | title=Proud Moment For Odisha: KIIT Student Trishna Ray Crowned Miss Teen Universe 2024 | publisher=odishabytes.com | date=11 November 2024 | accessdate=18 November 2024}}</ref>
As reported by Kalinga TV, she lives with her family in [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://kalingatv.com/odisha/watch-kiit-student-trishna-ray-crowned-miss-teen-universe-2024-dr-achyuta-samanta-congratulates-her/#google_vignette/ | title=Watch: KIIT student Trishna Ray crowned Miss Teen Universe 2024, Dr Achyuta Samanta congratulates her | publisher=kalingatv.com | date=11 November 2024 | accessdate=18 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/viral/2024/miss-teen-universe-2024-winner-name-pic-who-is-trishna-ray-odisha-college-student-insta-family-more-427945.html | title=Miss Teen Universe 2024 Winner: Who Is Trishna Ray? Meet The Odisha College Student; Insta, Family & More | publisher=filmibeat.com | date=12 November 2024 | accessdate=18 November 2024}}</ref>

== Pageantry ==
=== Miss Teen Diva 2023 ===
Trishna participated in the Miss Teen Diva 2023 competition on April 13, 2023, at Zee Studios in Jaipur. She was crowned Miss Teen Universe India 2023, succeeding the previous titleholder, Brunda Yerrabali. Alongside the main title, she received several subtitle awards, including Best in Ramp Walk, Beauty with Brains, Best in Speech, and Miss Teen India East.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.firstindia.co.in/news/fashion/miss-teen-diva-2022-trishna-ray-crowned-as-miss-teen-universe-india-2023 | title=Miss Teen Diva 2022: Trishna Ray crowned as Miss Teen Universe India 2023 | publisher=firstindia.co.in | work=Mimtaz | date=18 April 2023 | accessdate=18 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/trishna-ray-winning-miss-teen-diva-is-not-the-end-for-me-it-is-a-starting-point-of-another-journey-news-281267 | title=Trishna Ray: Winning Miss Teen Diva Is Not The End For Me, It Is A Starting Point Of Another Journey | publisher=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] | work=Prateek Sur | date=25 April 2023 | accessdate=18 November 2024}}</ref>

=== Miss Teen Universe 2024 ===
Ray participated in the Miss Teen Universe 2024 pageant, held from November 1 to 9, 2024, in [[Kimberley, Northern Cape]], [[South Africa]]. She was crowned the winner during the grand finale by the outgoing titleholder, Lynette Arce-Garcia of [[Cuba]], becoming the first Indian to win the Miss Teen Universe title. During the competition, Ray excelled in several challenges organized by the pageant, including winning the Miss Talent round, placing in the Top 5 for Best National Costume, and securing spots in the Top 10 for the Influencer Challenge, Face-to-Face Challenge, and Miss Social Media Challenge.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thetatva.in/india/trishna-ray-from-odisha-wins-miss-teen-universe-2024-in-south-africa-7579825 | title=Trishna Ray from Odisha wins Miss Teen Universe 2024 in South Africa | publisher=thetatva.in | work=Ananya Ghosh | date=14 November 2024 | accessdate=18 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.prameyanews.com/odishas-trishna-ray-wins-miss-teen-universe-2024-in-south-africa | title=Odisha's Trishna Ray wins Miss Teen Universe 2024 in South Africa | publisher=[[Prameya]] | work=Tuhina Sahoo | date=14 November 2024 | accessdate=18 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/videos/india/odisha-teen-trishna-ray-crowned-miss-teen-universe-2024-the-breakfast-club-english-news-9119878.html | title=Odisha Teen Trishna Ray Crowned Miss Teen Universe 2024 | publisher=[[News18 India]] | date=14 November 2024 | accessdate=18 November 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{Portal|India}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-ach}}
{{s-bef|before={{flagicon|Cuba}} Lynette Arce-Garcia}}
{{s-ttl|title=Miss Teen Universe|years=2024}}
{{s-aft|after={{tableTBA}}}}
{{s-bef|before=Brunda Yerrabali}}
{{s-ttl|title=Miss Teen Universe India|years=2023}}
{{s-aft|after=Carrissa Bopanna}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ray, Trishna}}
[[Category:2004 births]]
[[Category:Female models from Odisha]]
[[Category:Beauty pageant contestants from India]]
[[Category:Indian beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology alumni]]

Pebet (bird)

2025-11-21T08:58:47Z

JudyK9023223: data

{{Short description|Meitei mythological bird}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox mythical creature
|name = Pebet
|AKA = Pepet
|image = Pebet.jpg
|image_size =
|image_upright =
|caption = Actress [[Sabitri Heisnam]] playing the role of "mother pebet" in a Meitei classic drama ''"Pebet"''
|Folklore = [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei folklore|folklore]]
|Grouping = [[bird]]s<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=H. Surmangol|date=2006|others=[[University of Chicago]]|title=Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary (Definition of "pebet")|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sharma_query.py?qs=%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%A0&matchtype=default|access-date=17 April 2024|website=dsal.uchicago.edu|page=118|language=mni, en}}</ref>
|Sub_Grouping =
|Family =
|Country = India
|Region = [[Kangleipak]] (present day [[Manipur]])
|Details =
|First_Attested =
|Similar_entities = [[Phoenix (mythology)]], [[Kakyen]], [[Uchek Langmeitong]]
}}
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}

'''Pebet''' is a bird species mentioned in [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei folklore|folklore]] of [[Kangleipak]] (present day [[Manipur]]).
It was believed to be a small sized bird, smaller than a [[Old World sparrow|sparrow]]. It was believed to be almost [[extinct]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 January 2017|title=Epic Journeys|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/epic-journeys-4493398/|access-date=17 April 2024|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Tiwari|first=Pragya|title=What's the capital of Manipur, yaar?|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/whats-the-capital-of-manipur-yaar/articleshow/15654350.cms|access-date=17 April 2024|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yjQmDTpRq7AC&dq=pebet&pg=PA14|title=New Theatre Quarterly 29: Volume 8, Part 1|last1=Barker|first1=Clive|last2=Trussler|first2=Simon|date=13 February 1992|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-42940-5|pages=14|language=en}}</ref>

== Meeting with a cat ==
Once a mother pebet ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯄꯦꯕꯦꯠ}}|}}) had many children newly hatched from her eggs. At the same time, a cat came to her. The cat secretly wished to eat her children. He claimed himself as being a [[monk]] cat ({{langx|mni|Houdong Lamboiba}}). He asked her if he was good looking. Mother pebet knew his secret intentions. She also knew that he was not actually handsome. She also knew that she and her chicks might be in trouble if she told him the truth.
So, she told him that he was as beautiful as a red flower of the bamboo plants.
The cat got satisfied and happy. He went away.
He frequently visited her to ask the same question.
Every time, mother pebet compared him to beautiful objects of nature. And the cat gave the same good reaction.<ref name=":Mystic_Cat">{{Cite web|title=Mystic Cat and Pebet Houdong Lamboiba and Pebet By Bidyarani Thingujam|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Folks.Folk_Tales.Mystic_Cat_and_Pebet_Houdong_Lamboiba_and_Pebet_By_Bidyarani_Thingujam|access-date=17 April 2024|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":ফুংগাৱারী">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.language.0065/page/n179/mode/2up|title=মণিপুরী ফুংগাৱারী|last=S Sanatombi|date=2014|publisher=Digital Library of India; Internet Archive|location=India|pages=179, 180|language=mni}}</ref><ref name=":Routledge_Pebet">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhUHEAAAQBAJ&dq=pebet&pg=PA357|title=The Cultural Heritage of Manipur|last1=Meitei|first1=Sanjenbam Yaiphaba|last2=Chaudhuri|first2=Sarit K.|last3=Arunkumar|first3=M. C.|date=25 November 2020|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-000-29629-7|pages=357|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":archive.org/pebet">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.language.1358/page/n14/mode/1up?q=Pebet|title=Folktales of Manipur|last1=B. Jayantakumar Sharma|last2=Dr. Chirom Rajketan Singh|date=2014|publisher=Digital Library of India; Internet Archive|location=India|pages=1–5}}</ref><ref name=":Kanhailal_Pebet">Bharucha, Rustom. The Theatre of Kanhailal: Pebet & Memoirs of Africa. India: Seagull Books, 1992.</ref>

Many times passed, the pebet children grew up. So, mother pebet taught her children how to fly. Once her children learned how to fly, she had less worry about the safety of her children from the bad cat.
So, when the cat came and asked her the same question as usual, she told him the truth. She told him that he was ugly. She compared the cat's ugly face with the bottom of a black pot. She even scolded him for asking such a question.<ref name=":Mystic_Cat" /><ref name=":ফুংগাৱারী" /><ref name=":Routledge_Pebet" /><ref name=":archive.org/pebet" /><ref name=":Kanhailal_Pebet" />

The cat was surprised to see mother pebet's sudden change in her behaviour. At the same time, he was very angry. So, he decided to eat mother pebet and her children.
At that moment, mother pebet told her children to fly.
So, all her children flew. Unluckily, the youngest pebet child was caught by the cat.<ref name=":Mystic_Cat" /><ref name=":ফুংগাৱারী" /><ref name=":Routledge_Pebet" /><ref name=":archive.org/pebet" /><ref name=":Kanhailal_Pebet" />

Mother pebet decided to save her child using her wisdom. So, she told the cat that there was a good way to eat pebet birds. She told him that the pebet should be washed nicely and then be put on a leaf (usually banana leaf) for [[sun bathing]].
The foolish cat believed mother pebet's words. So, he did the same.
Once the young pebet was properly sun bathed and her feathers got dried, mother pebet told her to fly. Having more strength after sun bathing, the young pebet flew away quickly.
The cat tried to catch her but he failed.
Coincidentally, the flying young pebet pooped in the hands of the cat. The cat ate the poop without thinking twice.
He thought that if the poop was so delicious, then the real pebet itself would be more delicious.
Mother pebet and her children successfully escaped from the bad cat and lived happily ever after.<ref name=":Mystic_Cat" /><ref name=":ফুংগাৱারী" /><ref name=":Routledge_Pebet" /><ref name=":archive.org/pebet" /><ref name=":Kanhailal_Pebet" />

== Meeting with an elephant ==
Once there was a mother pebet ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯄꯦꯕꯦꯠ}}|}}) and her children. A group of elephants used to pass by near their nest. Pebet children were very scared of the big elephants. They asked their mother to tell them not to come near their nest. Mother pebet requested each elephant in the herd to be careful while coming near their nest.
Each elephant agreed to her request except one.
The exceptional elephant was so proud of his big and strong body. He laughed at the mother pebet's words. He even destroyed her nest and her children.<ref name=":Avenge_elephant">{{Cite web|title=Pebet Avenge to the Wild Elephant|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Folks.Folk_Tales.Pebet_Avenge_to_the_Wild_Elephant|access-date=17 April 2024|website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":egotistical_elephant">{{Cite web|title=The egotistical elephant and praying pebet|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Folks.Folk_Tales.The_egotistical_elephant_and_praying_pebet|access-date=17 April 2024|website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref>

Mother pebet decided to take revenge. She worshipped goddess [[Leimarel Sidabi|Leimarel]] for a long time. After some time, the mother goddess appeared and told her some advices.
According to it, mother pebet pricked the back of the proud elephant using her beak. She did it again and again until the elephant bled. Once it started [[bleeding]], mother pebet invited a group of flies to drink the blood and even lay their eggs there.
The flies did so. Due to this, the elephant's body was badly injured. Its health got worsened day by day.<ref name=":egotistical_elephant" /><ref name=":Avenge_elephant" />

Finally, the proud elephant apologised to the mother pebet for its past misbehavior. Mother pebet forgave him and helped him to recover giving [[healing]] [[herbs]].<ref name=":egotistical_elephant" />

In another version of the story, the elephant died due to the [[infection]].<ref name=":Avenge_elephant" />

== Meeting with a tiger ==
Once there was a pebet ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯄꯦꯕꯦꯠ}}|}}) family. There was a pebet couple and their children.
A tiger used to pass near their house very frequently.
Lady pebet was frightened by the presence of the tiger. She felt unsafe for her children.
Her husband told her a plan to scare the tiger away.
So, the next time when the tiger passed by, mother pebet pinched her children to cry loudly.
Husband pebet loudly told his wife to keep the crying children quiet.
She answered to him that the children were asking her to give tiger meats at that odd time.
She said that she had given them some dried tiger meats but her children were demanding fresh tiger meats.
The pebet couple were talking loudly to make the tiger hear them.
Hearing those words, the tiger thought that those pebets were not normal pebets. Thus, he ran away and never came back.<ref name=":Tiger_Vulture">{{Cite web|title=Pebet and the Tiger|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Folks.Folk_Tales.Pebet_and_the_Tiger|access-date=17 April 2024|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

== Meeting with a vulture ==
Once a pebet ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯄꯦꯕꯦꯠ}}|}}) and a [[vulture]] had a disagreement about who would be the next king of the birds. Vulture claimed he was the strongest and thus, he deserved to be the king. Pebet claimed that he was wiser than him, and thus, he deserved to be the king. Pebet called the vulture as a fool. The vulture got angry. He tried to kill the pebet.
He chased the pebet. The pebet flew among the ''"shaneibi"'' bamboo plants to save himself. As he had a small body, he fitted to be among the bamboo plants. The vulture forgot his own size. So, in anger, he flew among the bamboo plants towards the pebet.
He hit himself to the bamboo plants and died. Following the vulture's death, pebet became the king.<ref name=":Tiger_Vulture" />

== In popular culture ==
A classic Meitei drama named "'''''Pebet'''''" ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯄꯦꯕꯦꯠ}}|}}) was directed by [[Heisnam Kanhailal]]. The story of the play was based on that of the pebet birds facing threat from a monk cat. In the particular play, the folktale was compared to the ''Hinduisation'' and ''Sanskritisation'' (''domination of [[Meitei culture|traditional Meitei culture]] by [[Hinduism|Hindu culture]]'') in [[Manipur]]. It was performed in different international theatrical shows. It was first shown in the year 1976.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Praveen|first=S. R.|date=21 March 2017|title=Much said in minimal words|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/much-said-in-minimal-words/article17549258.ece|access-date=17 April 2024|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=27 January 2017|title=Epic Journeys|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/epic-journeys-4493398/|access-date=17 April 2024|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":Kanhailal_Pebet" /> It was shown in the Prithvi Theatre Festival in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tiwari|first=Pragya|title=What's the capital of Manipur, yaar?|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/whats-the-capital-of-manipur-yaar/articleshow/15654350.cms|access-date=17 April 2024|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en}}</ref> It was also shown in the ''International Theatre Conference 2015'' of the International Federation for Theatre and Department of Theatre Arts, University of Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pebet to be staged in Int Theatre Conference : 06th jul15 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=20..060715.jul15|access-date=17 April 2024|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>
In 2017, the same play was performed in the Theatre Workshop of the Banga Bhavan Silchar, organised by the Bhabhikal, Silchar and the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], [[Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kalakshetra Staged Pebet at Silchar; MTCA Feted Artistes : 01st dec17 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=3..011217.dec17|access-date=17 April 2024|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

In 2017, the same play was performed on the second day of the 19th [[Bharat Rang Mahotsav]] in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 January 2017|title=Epic Journeys|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/epic-journeys-4493398/|access-date=17 April 2024|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

[[Heisnam Kanhailal]] portrayed his wife [[Sabitri Heisnam]] as the mother pebet in the play.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tiwari|first=Pragya|title=What's the capital of Manipur, yaar?|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/whats-the-capital-of-manipur-yaar/articleshow/15654350.cms|access-date=17 April 2024|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Keibu Keioiba]]

== References ==
{{Notelist}}
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Wiktionary|Pebet}}
{{Commons}}

* [https://archive.org/search?query=Pebet Pebet] at [[Internet Archive]]
* [https://e-pao.net/epSearchResults.asp?cx=partner-pub-3342616103029311%3A3788634109&cof=FORID%3A10&ie=UTF-8&q=Pebet&sa.x=0&sa.y=0 Pebet] at {{URL|e-pao.net}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Meitei mythology]]
[[Category:Mythological birds]]

R. C. Jall

2025-10-23T06:40:18Z

JudyK9023223: stub

{{Short description|Indian industrialist, lawyer and politician}}
[[File:Rc jall.jpg|thumb|R.C. Jall]]'''Rustomji Cowasji Jall''' (1884–1973) was an Indian industrialist, lawyer and politician. He headed various textile mill companies in [[Indore]] and [[Ujjain]], and functioned as the representative of the interests of mill owners in state politics in [[Madhya Bharat]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] during the 1950s and 1960s. He was the [[Vidhan Sabha|Member of Legislative Assembly]] of [[Dr. Ambedkar Nagar-Mhow (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mhow]] between 1952 and 1972, belonging to the [[Indian National Congress]].

==Biography==
Jall was born on November 14, 1884, in [[Mhow]], in a [[Parsi]] family.<ref name=itjl>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=VYv1fVh5gCAC The Indian Textile Journal, August 1960]''. Indian Textile Journal Limited, 1960. p. 591</ref><ref name=obit/><ref name=asma/><ref name=rwjo/> He obtained a B.A. degree from Holkar College in Indore in 1906.<ref>''[https://books.google.at/books?newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&id=nEs4AAAAMAAJ Calendar for the Year 1917, Part II]''. University of Calcutta, 1917. p. 541</ref> He would later obtain M.A. and LL.B. degrees.<ref name=itjl/> He took up law practice in [[Aligarh]].<ref name=itjl/> He moved back to Mhow.<ref name=itjl/> He practiced law in Mhow and Indore.<ref name=itjl/><ref>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=UTg1AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA5-PA318 Thacker's Indian Directory 1918]''. Thacker's Directories Ltd., Calcutta, 1918. Mofussil Section, p. 318</ref>

Jall was appointed Managing Director in-charge at the Kalyanmal Mills Ltd. in Indore.<ref name=itjl/> Subsequently Sir [[Seth Hukumchand]] named him Managing Director of his company, with oversight of all his mills.<ref name=itjl/> Jall would go on to serve as Director, Managing Director or on Board of Directors of most of the textile mill companies in Indore and [[Ujjain]].<ref name=itjl/><ref name=obit>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=w5QOAQAAMAAJ Kāryavāhī: adhikr̥ta vivaraṇa, Vol. 6, Issues 1-4]''. Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha, 1973. p. 7</ref> Jall served on the All-India Textile Control Board during [[World War II]], named to the role by the [[British India|Government of India]]<ref name=itjl/> He was also present on the Post-war Planning Committee, the All-India Textile Advisory Committee, the Cotton Advisory Board and other official bodies.<ref name=itjl/> He was a member of the Madhya Bharat Board of Secondary Education and the Faculty of Commerce of [[Agra University]] for a number of years.<ref name=obit/> Jall was a member of the [[Holkar State]] Legislative Council, and then a member of the Madhya Bharat Legislative Council.<ref name=itjl/>

Jall was an [[Indian National Congress]] politician. He was a prominent ally of the ''{{ill|Nai Duniya (Indore newspaper)|lt=Nai Duniya|hi|नईदुनिया}}'' faction in Indore Congress Party politics.<ref name=rwjo/> He represented the interests of textile mill owners visavi the state governments, and served as the Chairman of the Madhya Bharat Millowners' Association 1950-1954.<ref name=itjl/><ref name=rwjo>Rodney W. Jones. ''[https://books.google.at/books?id=Mxe6EAAAQBAJ Urban Politics in India: Area, Power, and Policy in a Penetrated System]''. Univ of California Press, 2023. pp. 86, 301-302</ref> He would remain on the board of the [Madhya Pradesh] Millowners' Association after the merger of Madhya Bharat into Madhya Pradesh.<ref name=itjl/>

He won the [[Dr. Ambedkar Nagar-Mhow (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mhow seat]] in the Legislative Assembly four times.<ref name=rwjo/> In the [[1952 Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election]] he obtained 17,480 votes (69.57%).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150424172230/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MB.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1951 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF MADHYA BHARAT]''</ref> Jall obtained 14,562 votes (72.21%) in the [[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], whilst in the [[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962 election]] his vote share had declined to 12,682 votes (54.13%).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150424113813/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_MP_1957.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1957 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF MADHYA PRADESH]''</ref><ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150509125904/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_MP_1962.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1962 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF MADHYA PRADESH]''</ref> As of 1960 he sat on the Board of Directors of Kalyanmal Mills Ltd., Rajkumar Mills Ltd. (Indore), the Indore Malwa United Mills Ltd. (Indore), the Binod Mills Company Ltd. (Ujjain) and the Hira Mills Ltd. (Ujjain).<ref name=itjl/> He was the owner of the Rajkumar Mills, and the chief manager of the Kalyanmal Mills.<ref name=rwjo/> In the [[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] his votes in the election for the Mhow seat increased to 18,053 votes (52.04%).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150509130951/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madhya%20Pradesh%201967.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1967 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF MADHYA PRADESH]''</ref>

Jall was a known philanthropist.<ref name=obit/> On August 7, 1956 he founded the R.C. Jall Public Charity Trust Jall, through a 1,250,000 [[Indian rupee]] donation from his personal fortunes.<ref name=obit/><ref>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=7RJWAAAAYAAJ Sandarbha ... Madhyapradeśa]''. Dainika Naīduniyā Bhavana, 2003. p. 472</ref> He also created or built a number of other institutions in Mhow, such as the Mhow Town Hall, the R. C. Jall Law College and a number of village schools.<ref name=asma>Mama, Arnavaz S. ''Welcoming Zoroastrians to the heart of India'', in ''[https://books.google.at/books?newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&id=bz0vAAAAYAAJ Parsiana, Vol. 20]''. P. Warden, 1997. p. 70</ref> He donated 300,000 rupees for the establishment of a business management training institution and 100,000 rupees to establish a science degree college in Mhow.<ref name=obit/>

Jall died on December 17, 1973.<ref name=obit/><ref>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=cnc5AAAAIAAJ The Income Tax Reports, Vol. 133]''. Company Law Institute of India, 1982. p. 194</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jall, Rustom}}
[[Category:1884 births]]
[[Category:1973 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Madhya Bharat politicians]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1967–1972]]
[[Category:People from Mhow]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople in the textile industry]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]

Raosaheb Danve

2025-10-20T10:25:32Z

JudyK9023223: minor cleanup

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1956)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Raosaheb Danve
| image = The Minister of State for Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Shri Raosaheb Dadarao Danve calls on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on March 05, 2015 (cropped).jpg
| office = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Minister of State for Railways]]
| president = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
| primeminister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| term_start = 7 July 2021
|term_end = 11 June 2024
| 1blankname = Minister
| 1namedata = [[Ashwini Vaishnaw]]
| alongside = [[Darshana Jardosh]]
| predecessor = [[Suresh Angadi]]
| successor =
| office1 = [[Ministry of Coal|Minister of State for Coal]]
| president1 = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
| primeminister1 = [[Narendra Modi]]
| term_start1 = 7 July 2021
|term_end1 = 11 June 2024
| 1blankname1 = Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[Pralhad Joshi]]
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 = [[Ministry of Mines (India)|Minister of State for Mines]]
| president2 = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
| primeminister2 = [[Narendra Modi]]
| term_start2 = 7 July 2021
| term_end2 = 11 June 2024
| 1blankname2 = Minister
| 1namedata2 = [[Pralhad Joshi]]
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =

| office4 =[[Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution|Minister of State for Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution]]
| primeminister4 = [[Narendra Modi]]
| minister4 = [[Ram Vilas Paswan]]
| term_start4 = 30 May 2019
| term_end4 = 7 July 2021
| predecessor4 = [[Chhotu Ram Chaudhary]]
| successor4 = [[Sadhvi Niranjan Jyoti]]
| primeminister5 = [[Narendra Modi]]
| term_start5 = 26 May 2014
| term_end5 = 5 March 2015
| predecessor5 = [[K. V. Thomas|K.V.Thomas]]
| successor5 = 
| office6 = President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Maharashtra]]
| predecessor6 = [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
| successor6 = [[Chandrakant Bacchu Patil]]
| term_start6 = 2014
| term_end6 = 2019
| office7 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency7 = [[Jalna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalna]]
| predecessor7 = [[Uttamsingh Pawar]]
| successor7 = [[Kalyan Kale]]
| term_start7 = 1999
| term_end7 = 2024
| office8 = Member of [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start8 = 1990
| term_end8 = 1999
| predecessor8 = Santoshrao Daspute
| successor8 = Chandrakant Danve
| constituency8 = [[Bhokardan Assembly constituency|Bhokardan]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|3|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = Jawakheda, [[Bhokardan]], [[Hyderabad State (1948–1956)|Hyderabad State]], [[India]]<ref>{{cite news |title=ग्रामपंचायत सदस्य ते मंत्रिमंडळात स्थान, रावसाहेब दानवेंचा प्रवास |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/india/raosaheb-danve-journey-gram-panchayat-members-to-member-to-cabinet/475454 |access-date=25 February 2022 |work=[[Zee 24 Taas]] |date=30 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="grandpa"/>
| parents =
| residence = [[Bhokardan]], [[Jalna district|Jalna]] & [[New Delhi]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| education = J.E.S. College, Jalna
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = {{married|Nirmala Danve|17 May 1977|}}
| children = 4, including [[Sanjana Jadhav]] and [[Santosh Danve]]
| father = Dadarao Danve
| source = <ref name="Raosaheb Dadarao Danve">{{cite news |title=Raosaheb Dadarao Danve |url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=316&lastls=17 |access-date=10 April 2022 |work= |date=2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410080821/http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=316&lastls=17 |archive-date=10 April 2022}}</ref>
| parliament = Indian
}}

'''Raosaheb Dadarao Danve''' (born on 18 March 1955) is an [[Indian politician]]<ref name="47.132">{{Cite web |url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=316 |title=Archived copy |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311004337/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=316 |archive-date=11 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] from [[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]], [[Minister of State]] in the [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]], [[Ministry of Coal]] and [[Ministry of Mines (India)|Ministry of Mines]] in [[Second Modi ministry]].<ref name="indiatoday.in">{{Cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/narendra-modi-cabinet-2-0-full-list-of-union-ministers-profiles-portfolios-all-you-need-to-know-1539036-2019-05-31 |title = Narendra Modi Cabinet 2.0: Full list of Union ministers, profiles, portfolios, all you need to know}}</ref> He is a member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and was elected to [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Jalna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalna constituency]] for five straight terms beginning in [[15th Lok Sabha|1999]] until [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]. He previously served as [[Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution|Minister of State for Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution]] from 30 May 2019 to 7 July 2021 and also served as the [[Maharashtra]] state President of [[Bhartiya Janata Party|BJP]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/lok-sabha-election-2019-maharashtra-raosaheb-danves-chances-in-jalna-under-test/articleshow/69001135.cms|title=One of the driest parts of India has sent the same guy to Parliament for twenty years|website=Business Insider|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref><ref>http://mahabjp.org/Eng/BjpBadal/RajyastariyaAdhyaksha.aspx{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Danve was born to Kesharabai and Dadarao on 18 March 1956.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oneindia.com/feature/who-is-raosaheb-dadarao-danve-mos-consumer-affairs-food-public-distribution-1455438.html|title=Team 'Modi'fication: Who is MoS Raosaheb Dadarao Danve?|work=www.oneindia.com|access-date=5 February 2016|date=28 May 2014}}</ref> Danve married Nirmala Tai in 1977. They have 3 daughters and a son, [[Santosh Danve]], who is a [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janata Party]] [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from [[Bhokardan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhokardan]] Legislative Constituency.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/bhokardan.html|title=Bhokardan (Maharashtra) Election Results 2014, Current and Previous MLA|work=elections.in|access-date=5 February 2016}}</ref>

==Political career==
Danve has held leadership positions at all levels of politics in India beginning since 1976.<ref>{{cite news |title=मोदींना देखील एक पाऊल मागं घ्यायला लावत दानवेंनी मंत्रिपद राखलं.. |url=https://bolbhidu.com/minister-raosaheb-danave/ |access-date=26 February 2022 |work=BolBhidu.com |date=30 May 2019 |language=mr}}</ref> He is known as a leader with rural roots. Danve began his political career as a [[Sarpanch]] in 1978,<ref name="grandpa">{{cite news |last1=Patil |first1=Tushar |title=ग्रामपंचायतीचा अर्ज भरला, अन् आजोबांनीच रावसाहेबाला मतदान करू नका सांगितले.. |url=https://www.sarkarnama.in/rajya/first-gram-panchayat-election-my-grandfather-told-villagers-dont-vote-raosaheb |access-date=26 February 2022 |work=Sarkarnama |date=3 January 2021 |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=मतदानाचं वय २१ होतं अन् दाजी १८ व्या वर्षी गावचं सरपंच झालं... |url=https://bolbhidu.com/ravsaheb-danve-become-sarpanch-at-age-of-18/ |access-date=26 February 2022 |work=BolBhidu.com |date=15 January 2021 |language=mr}}</ref> becoming an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] in 1990 & in 1995 from [[Bhokardan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhokardan]] assembly constituency,<ref name="elections.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/1990-election-results.html|title=Maharashtra Assembly Election Results in 1990|work=elections.in|access-date=5 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="elections.in1">{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/1995-election-results.html|title=Maharashtra Assembly Election Results in 1995|work=elections.in|access-date=5 February 2016}}</ref> and 5 time consecutive [[Member of parliament]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/maharashtra/parliamentary-constituencies/jalna.html|title=Jalna(Maharashtra) Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 with Sitting MP and Party Name|work=elections.in|access-date=5 February 2016}}</ref> since 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/aurangabad/state-chief-danve-secures-his-fifth-successive-term/articleshow/69471490.cms|title=Maharashtra chief Raosaheb Danve secures his fifth successive term|date=May 24, 2019|first=Prasad |last=Joshi|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref>

During the [[2014 Indian general elections|general elections]] that were held in May 2014, Danve won the [[Jalna constituency]] for the fourth time. Immediately afterwards, he was sworn in by the Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] as the Minister of State for [[Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution]], the position he held till March 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/people/raosaheb-danve-minister-of-state-consumer-affairs-food-and-public-distribution-564071|title=Raosaheb Danve: Minister of State (Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution)|date=26 May 2014|work=NDTV.com|access-date=5 February 2016}}</ref>

Meanwhile, [[2014 Maharashtra assembly elections|Maharashtra assembly elections]] were held in October 2014. BJP came to power and Devendra Fadnavis became first BJP [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]]. However, as per the BJP culture, one person only holds one post a time, and hence Devendra Fadnavis resigned as the President of Maharashtra BJP and the search for a new leader commenced. Raosaheb Danve indicated to the party leadership that he was willing to resign as a minister<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/union-minister-raosaheb-dadarao-danve-resigns/|title=Maharashtra BJP president Raosaheb Dadarao Danve resigns as Union Minister|date=5 March 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=5 February 2016}}</ref> and in January 2015 he was appointed as the President of Maharashtra BJP by [[Amit Shah]], the national [[President of BJP]]. Raosaheb Danve is only the second person in Maharashtra BJP to hold this office while also being a Member of Parliament. Earlier, late [[Suryabhan Vahadane-Patil]] had successfully carried the dual responsibility.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}

Danve has attracted controversy due to his freewheeling public comments that may be misconstrued objectionably. For example, in 2016, a FIR was lodged against him for asking voters to accept [[Laxmi]] coming to their homes on election eve (alluding to [[Electoral_fraud#Vote_buying|vote buying]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/accept-laxmi-coming-to-your-home-maharashtra-bjp-chief-to-voters-1639004|title=Accept 'Lakshmi' Coming To Your Home: Maharashtra BJP Chief To Voters|website=NDTV.com|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afternoondc.in/city-news/take-laxmi-darshan-does-not-mean-take-money-danve/article_183979|title=Take 'Laxmi darshan' does not mean take money: Danve|website=www.afternoondc.in|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref> When the prices of ''[[Pigeon pea|Tur]]'' fell in May 2017, Danve used the term ''"saale"'' to chide the ''"oversensitive farmers"''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/danve-abuses-farmers-over-tur-draws-flak/article18421438.ece|title=Danve abuses farmers over tur, draws flak|author=Staff Reporter|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-05-12|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/maharashtra-bjp-chief-raosaheb-danves-angry-comment-on-farmers-sparks-protests-1692275|title=Maharashtra BJP Chief's Angry Comment On Farmers Sparks Protests|work=NDTV.com|access-date=2017-05-12}}</ref> Use of such term was criticised by the opposition parties and Danve expressed his regrets concerning his comment. Later, in 2019, he said that the word ''saale'' is a common slang term which is not derogatory in rural [[marathwada]], and he never intended to offend farmers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/maharashtra-news/lok-sabha-election-bjps-language-chiefs-language-is-aggressive-1909638/|title='जायकवाडीची खोली आणि दानवेंची बोली'!|date=2019-06-11|website=Loksatta|language=mr-IN|access-date=2019-06-11}}</ref>

In May 2019, Danve became Minister of State for [[Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution|Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution]].<ref>{{citation |title=PM Modi allocates portfolios. Full list of new ministers |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/pm-modi-allocates-portfolios-full-list-of-new-ministers-1559288502067.html |work=[[Live Mint]] |date=31 May 2019 }}</ref>

In [[2024 Indian general election|June 2024]], Danve lost the election for the [[18th Lok Sabha]] to [[Kalyan Kale]] of [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parliamentary Constituency 18 - Jalna (Maharashtra) |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S1318.htm |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=5 June 2024 |date=5 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=जालनेकरांचा यंदा रावसाहेब दानवे यांनाच 'चकवा'; 'कांटे की टक्कर' कल्याण काळेंनी जिंकली |url=https://www.lokmat.com/jalana/jalana-lok-sabha-result-2024-this-year-raosaheb-danve-magic-not-works-chakwa-kante-ki-takkar-was-won-by-kalyan-kale-a-a320/ |access-date=5 June 2024 |work=[[Lokmat]] |date=4 June 2024 |language=mr}}</ref>

=== Within BJP ===
*President, [[BJP]] Maharashtra (2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mahabjp.org|title=Bharatiya Janata Party - Maharashtra|work=mahabjp.org|access-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208025144/https://www.mahabjp.org/|archive-date=8 February 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
*President, Bharatiya Janata Party [[BJP]], Dist. Jalna, Maharashtra
*Vice-President, [[BJP]] Maharashtra

=== Legislative ===
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
*1990-95: Member, Maharashtra Legislative Assembly (First Terms)<ref name="elections.in"/>
*1995-99: Member, Maharashtra Legislative Assembly (Two Terms)<ref name="elections.in1"/>
*1990-99: Chairman, Panchayati Raj Committee
*1990-99: Chairman, Assurances Committee<ref name="47.132"/>
*1999-2000: Member, Committee on Commerce
*2000-2004: Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Rural Development
*2000-2004: Member, Committee on Finance
*2000-2004: Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology
*5 Aug. 2007: Member, Committee on Agriculture
*31 Aug. 2009: Member, Committee on Petroleum and Natural Gas
*31 Aug. 2009: Member, Committee on Commerce
*15 July 2015 onwards: Member, Standing Committee on Information Technology<ref>http://115.254.101.27/Loksabha/Committee/CommitteeInformation.aspx?comm_code=18&tab=0{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*27 May 2014 to 5 March 2015: [[Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution (India)|Union Minister of State, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution]]
*30 May 2019 to 2024: Union Minister of State, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution<ref name="indiatoday.in"/>
{{div col end}}
{{clear}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071017220846/http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/homepage.asp?mpsno=316 Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before={{nowrap|Uttamsigh Pawar}}}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of [[Lok Sabha]]<br />for [[Jalna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalna]]|years=1999-2024}}
{{s-bef|before={{nowrap|Kalyan Vaijinathrao Kale}}}}
{{s-inc}}

{{s-end}}

{{Second Narendra Modi Cabinet}}
{{15th LS members from Maharashtra}}
{{16th LS members from Maharashtra}}
{{17th LS members from Maharashtra}}
{{Cabinet of Narendra Modi}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Danve, Raosaheb}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:India MPs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1990–1995]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1995–1999]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:People from Jalna district]]
[[Category:Politicians from Marathwada]]

Saryu Roy (politician)

2025-09-20T20:15:29Z

JudyK9023223: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[Saryu Roy]]
{{R from merge}}

GNA University

2025-09-16T17:05:47Z

JudyK9023223: refined article also and updated info

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}{{short description|Public Institute in Punjab, India}}
{{tone|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox university
| image =
| name = GNA University
| established = 2014
| type = Private
| endowment =
| chairman = S. Gursaran Singh
| chancellor = S. Gurdeep Singh Sihra
| vice_chancellor = Dr. Hemant Sharma
| city = [[Phagwara]]
| state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| country = India
| coor =
| publictransit =
| undergrad = Yes
| postgrad = Yes
| doctoral = yes
| staff =
| website = {{url|gnauniversity.edu.in}}
| footnotes =
| mottoeng = Inspiring Innovation..
| campus = Urban
}}

'''GNA University''', located in [[Phagwara]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]], is a privately owned institution. It was established in 2014 under Act No. 17 of 2014 by the State Government of [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/privateuniversitylist.aspx?id=28&Unitype=3 | title=Private University Punjab | publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]]| access-date=17 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Short-course-on-aircraft-performance-concludes-at-PEC/articleshow/52914082.cms | title=Short course on aircraft performance concludes at PEC | publisher=[[Times of India]] | work=Vishakha Chaman | date=25 June 2016 | access-date=17 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/punjab/punjab-passes-private-universities-bill-amid-stiff-opposition_949376.html | title=Punjab passes private universities bill amid stiff opposition | publisher=[[Zee News]] | date=22 July 2014 | access-date=17 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/pb-passes-private-universities-bill-amid-stiff-opposition-114072201245_1.html | title=Pb passes private universities bill amid stiff opposition | publisher=[[Business Standard]] | date=22 July 2014 | access-date=17 July 2016}}</ref> The university is affiliated with the GNA Group, which is known for its manufacturing of automotive components.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gnagears.com/|title=Gears Manufacturer - Bull Gear, Planet Gears, Pinion, Ring & Speed Gears Exporters & OE Suppliers of Gears{{!}} GNA Gears|website=www.gnagears.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-06-20}}</ref>

== Courses Offered in GNA University ==
[[File:GNA University Exterior.jpg|thumb|
Administrative Block of GNA University.
]]
GNA University provides a wide range of degree and certificate programs encompassing over 50 disciplines. It offers undergraduate, post-graduate and Doctoral Programs and a range of courses in various Departments, including Engineering, Management, Design and Mass Communication, Hotel Management, Pharmacy, computational science, Business studies, Allied Health Sciences and Physical Education.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shiksha.com/university/gna-university-phagwara-46926/courses|title=Courses Offered by GNA University, Phagwara - Shiksha|last=www.Shiksha.com|website=www.shiksha.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-20}}</ref> Additionally, the university provides diploma and certificate program specifically tailored to the CAD-CAM and engineering fields.

== Business School ==
GNA Business School focuses on the fields of Finance, Marketing, HR, Banking and Digital Marketing and includes Management Training.

== Tie-Ups ==
GNA University has established Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) and partnerships. One such MoU has been signed with Cambridge University Press.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cityairnews.com/content/gna-university-signs-mou-cambridge-university-press|title=MoU with Cambridge}}</ref> The university has also entered into an MoU with [[TimesPro]], an initiative by [[The Times of India]], for placement purposes.

Furthermore, GNA University has signed an MoU with [[La Verne, California]], for both short-term and long-term programm, as well as for faculty and student exchange programs. Another MoU has been signed with the National Stock Exchange of India Academy to offer management programs to students. The university has also partnered with [https://www.learnvern.com/ LearnVern], an online learning portal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cityairnews.com/content/gna-university-signs-mou-learnvern|title=MoU with Learnvern}}</ref> Additionally, GNA University has joined the Oracle Workforce Development Program (WDP), administered by Oracle University, USA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cityairnews.com/content/gna-university-and-oracle-collaborated-impart-training-owdp-program|title=Oracle Program|date=12 June 2018 }}</ref>

== Events ==

GNA University organizes the Punjab Spell Bee Championship, a state-level competition.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://barusahib.org/akal-academy/winners-of-punjab-spell-bee-competition-2016/|title=Winners of Punjab Spell Bee Competition 2016|date=2016-11-29|work=The Kalgidhar Society, Baru Sahib|access-date=2017-07-20|language=en-US}}</ref>

The university also takes the initiative to organize the Punjab Film Festival, the first of its kind in the state, showcasing various films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/punjab-film-festival-begins-in-city/384983.html|title=Punjab Film Festival begins}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In November 2016, GNA University hosted the International Conference on Hospitality and Tourism, which was attended by distinguished individuals from the hospitality and tourism sectors. The event featured the presentation of over 30 research papers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mediapunjab.com/news?news_id=45386|title=MediaPunjab - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE (ICOHOST 2016) at GNA UNIVERSITY|website=www.mediapunjab.com|language=en|access-date=2017-07-20}}</ref>

Furthermore, the university holds an annual sports meet each year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/two-day-sports-meet-begins-at-gna-university/397734.html|title=Sports Meet|access-date=20 July 2017|archive-date=17 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117123720/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/two-day-sports-meet-begins-at-gna-university/397734.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

One of the events for the university is the Diwali Mela. In 2024, the Diwali Mela was celebrated with PTC Punjabi in the campus premises, featuring Punjabi Singers and a performance by [[Sharry Mann|kulwinder Billa]], a [[Punjabi singers|Punjabi singer]] and Actor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/baisakhi-celebrated-with-gusto/574106.html|title=Sharry Mann Coke Studio|access-date=24 April 2018|archive-date=17 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117123720/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/baisakhi-celebrated-with-gusto/574106.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:GNA_University_Campus.jpg|thumb|Exterior view of GNA University academic blocks]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Universities and colleges in Punjab, India}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Film schools in India]]
[[Category:Private universities in India]]
[[Category:Universities in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Kapurthala district]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2014]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in Punjab, India]]

{{PunjabIN-university-stub}}

K. S. Thennarasu

2025-09-14T06:05:38Z

JudyK9023223:

{{Short description|Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. S. Thennarasu
| image =
| caption =
| office = [[Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 19 May 2016
| term_end = 2 May 2021
| constituency = [[Erode East Assembly constituency|Erode East]]
| predecessor = [[V. C. Chandhirakumar]]
| successor = [[Thirumagan Evera]]
| term_start1 = 13 May 2001
| term_end1 = 11 May 2006
| constituency1 = [[Erode Assembly constituency|Erode]]
| predecessor1 = [[N. K. K. Periasamy]]
| successor1 = [[N. K. K. P. Raajah]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
}}

'''K. S. Thennarasu''' is an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected twice to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate from [[Erode Assembly constituency]] in 2001 and [[Erode East Assembly constituency]] in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/tamil-nadu-assembly-election-2021-erode-east-profile-aiadmks-ks-thennarasu-won-constituency-in-2016-9295641.html |title=Tamil Nadu Assembly election 2021, Erode (East) profile: AIADMK's KS Thennarasu won constituency in 2016 |date=24 March 2021 |publisher=firstpost |access-date=24 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Erode (East) bypoll AIADMK fields ex-MLA K.S. Thennarasu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/erode-east-bypoll-aiadmk-fields-ex-mla-ks-thennarasu/article66457315.ece|work=hindutamil|date=1 February 2023}}</ref>

== Elections contested and positions held ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!'''Elections'''
!'''Constituency'''
!'''Party'''
!'''Result'''
!'''Votes'''
!'''Vote percentage'''
|-
|[[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|[[Erode Assembly constituency|Erode]]
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]
|{{Won}}
|95,450
|52.40%
|-
|[[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|[[Erode East Assembly constituency|Erode (East)]]
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]
|{{Won}}
|64,879
|44.77%
|-
|[[2023 elections in India#Tamil Nadu|2023 by-election]]
|[[Erode East Assembly constituency|Erode (East)]]
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]
|{{Lost}}
|43,923
|25.75%
|-
|}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thennarasu, KS}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]

{{AIADMK-politician-stub}}

Indergarh, Moga

2025-08-19T15:12:16Z

JudyK9023223: Added Article - done

{{Short description|Village in Punjab, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
[[File:Indergarh village, Survey of India geographical block-map for 44 N NW Ferozepore (1921) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Indergarh village, Survey of India geographical block-map for 44 N NW Ferozepore (1921)]]
'''Indergarh''' is a village located in the Kot Ise Khan tehsil of [[Moga district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]. As per the 2011 census, it had a population of 3,945.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Indergarh Population - Moga, Punjab |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/34105-indergarh-punjab.html |access-date=1 July 2025 |website=census2011.co.in}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{coord|30|55|44|N|75|18|32|E|display=title|region:IN_type:city}}

[[Category:Villages in Moga district]]

Nallagandla Lake

2025-07-23T10:45:55Z

JudyK9023223: starting first entry w/ refs

{{Short description|Lake in the Nallagandla area in Telangana, India}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Nallagandla Lake
| native_name =
| other_name =

| image = Nallagandla lake on a sunny day.jpg
| alt = Nallagandla lake on a sunny day
| caption = Nallagandla lake on a sunny day
| image_bathymetry =
| alt_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =

| location = [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| group =
| coordinates = {{coord|source:wikidata}} 
| type =
| etymology =
| part_of =
| inflow =
| rivers =
| outflow =
| oceans =
| catchment = 
| basin_countries =
| agency =
| designation =
| date-built = 
| engineer =
| date-flooded = 
| length = 
| width = 
| area = 
| depth = 
| max-depth = 
| volume = 
| residence_time =
| salinity =
| shore = 
| elevation = 
| temperature_high = 
| temperature_low = 
| frozen =
| islands =
| islands_category =
| sections =
| trenches =
| benches =
| cities =

| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
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| website =
| reference =
}}

[[File:Nallagandla lake survey plan.png|thumb|Lake plan as per GHMC survey conducted in 2013|320x320px]]
[[File:Nallagandla lake on a rainy day.jpg|alt=Nallagandla Lake on rainy day|thumb|371x371px|Nallagandla lake on a rainy day]]
'''Nallagandla lake''' is a [[Hyderabad city lakes|natural rain-fed lake]] in the [[Nallagandla]] area in the north-western fringe of Hyderabad in the Indian state of [[Telangana]]. The lake bed is around 90 acres, that includes permanent [[marsh]] on the south-western edge of the lake. The lake bed shares its boundary with the [[University of Hyderabad|Hyderabad Central University]] in the east and is surrounded by residential buildings on the remaining sides. The lake bed acreage is under threat from the construction activities around the lake. The plan of the lake as per the survey of [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation|GHMC]] conducted in 2013 can be found [https://nallagandlalake.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/3708_ftl.pdf here].

== Nallagandla Temple ==
The Sri Sri Sri Nalla Pochamma temple stands on the western ghat of the lake. This temple is dedicated to Goddess Pochamma, who is believed to be the local village deity. This lake is used by residents of Nallagandla and surrounding areas for festivities during [[Diwali]], [[Chhath|Chhath Puja]], [[Bathukamma]], and [[Ganesh Chaturthi]]. Large congregations of revelers gather at the adjoining pond to partake in the celebrations.

== Lake Facilities ==
A human-made pond adjoins the north-west limit of the lake where immersion of idols is conducted post-festivities. This protects the lake from pollution during festival seasons. The [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation|GHMC]] has set up a watch tower at this pond along with a permanent security post that's constantly staffed. Toilet facilities are also available at the lake, courtesy of the [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation|GHMC]].

== Birding at Nallagandla Lake ==
Nallagandla lake is listed as a birding hotspot on [[eBird]] managed by the [[Cornell Lab of Ornithology]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nallagandla Lake, Rangareddy County, TS, IN - eBird Hotspot|url=https://ebird.org/hotspot/L8013705|access-date=2021-12-28|website=ebird.org|language=en}}</ref>

=== Resident birds ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2024}}
Residents include the [[great cormorant]], [[little cormorant]], [[great egret]], [[intermediate egret]], [[little egret]], [[White-throated kingfisher|white-breasted kingfisher (white-throated kingfisher)]], [[grey heron]], [[Eurasian coot]] (common coot), [[Indian pond heron]], [[Common moorhen|Eurasian moorhen (common moorhen)]], and [[grey-headed swamphen]] (purple moorhen). The substantial marsh and permanent water weed on the south-west edge of the lake provide perfect habitat for the moorhens and swamphens which prefer well-vegetated lakes. A few [[river tern]]s, a pair of [[black-winged stilt]]s, and a few [[red-wattled lapwing]]s have also been spotted in the lake.

A large number of non-aquatic birds also thrive around the lake. Among the birds sighted around the lake are the [[Asian green bee-eater|little green bee-eater]] (Asian green bee-eater), [[greater coucal]], [[Indian robin]], [[red-vented bulbul]], [[Pied bush chat|pied bushchat]], [[Sunbird|sun bird]], [[white-browed wagtail]], [[ashy prinia]], [[spotted dove]], [[dusky crag martin]] (swallow), [[house sparrow]], and [[scaly-breasted munia]].

=== Migratory birds ===
In June 2021, a large number of [[spot-billed pelican]]s and few [[painted stork]]s visited the lake. They reappeared in varying numbers later in the year in October.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

== Aquatic fauna ==
Nallagandla lake has a good population of fish. Local fishermen fish daily at the lake. Among the fish found in the lake are [[rohu]] and [[catla]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

== Vegetation ==
[[Deccan thorn scrub forests|Deccan thorn outcrops]] and stunted prickly trees abound in the south-west part of the lake. The lake is also overrun by [[Pistia|water lettuce]] and horseshoe weed from time to time.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Siddharth|first=T. S. S.|date=2020-02-24|title=Hyderabad: Once a freshwater lake, it is now covered with pollutants|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/240220/hyderabad-once-a-freshwater-lake-it-is-now-covered-with-pollutants.html|access-date=2021-12-28|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref> Clean ups are conducted at the lake occasionally.

== Ecology ==
Nallagandla lake and its surrounding vegetation support a large number of aquatic and inland birds along with a good population of fish. Fishing and bird-watching are popular activities at the lake. However, the lake is under constant threat from the construction activities around it. In 2018, the [[Telangana High Court]] directed the [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation|GHMC]] not to allow any construction activities in the full-tank level area of the lake.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sagar Kumar Mutha|date=Feb 9, 2018|title=nallagandla lake: Stop construction of flats near Nallagandla Lake: HC to GHMC {{!}} Hyderabad News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/stop-construction-of-flats-near-nallagandla-lake-hc-to-ghmc/articleshow/62844385.cms|access-date=2021-12-28|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> A proposal by the [[government of Telangana]] to build a new link road along the lake poses an immediate danger to the lake and its fauna.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Link road in Nallagandla raises green concerns|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2021/oct/21/link-road-in-nallagandla-raises-green-concerns-2373928.html|access-date=2021-12-28|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> This is being opposed by the residents of Nallagandla.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Network|first=Newsmeter|date=2021-10-21|title=Linking road creates more problems than it solves: Nallagandla residents|url=https://newsmeter.in/hyderabad/linking-road-creates-more-problems-than-it-solves-nallagandla-residents-684861|access-date=2021-12-28|website=newsmeter.in|language=en}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="400" heights="400" perrow="3">
File:Green bee-eater at Nallagandla Lake.jpg
File:White throated Kingfisher at Nallagandla Lake.jpg
File:Indian Robin Female at Nallagandla lake.jpg
File:Purple Moorhen at Nallagandla Lake.jpg|alt=Purple Moorhen at Nallagandla Lake|Purple Moorhen at Nallagandla Lake
File:Little Egret at Nallagandla Lake.jpg
File:Moorhen at Nallagandla Lake.jpg
File:Ashy Prinia at Nallagandla Lake.jpg
File:Scaly breasted munia at Nallagandla Lake.jpg|alt=Scaly-breasted munia at Nallagandla Lake
File:Common coot at Nallgandla Lake.jpg
File:Indian Pond Heron at Nallagandla Lake.jpg
File:Gray heron at Nallagandla Lake.jpg
File:Spot billed Pelicans at Nallagandla Lake.jpg
File:River Terns at Nallagandla Lake.jpg
File:Nalagandla Cormorant.jpg
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Hyderabad city lakes]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.waxwingeco.com/birding-hotspot.php?id=L7353255 Birdwatching at Nallagandla Lake, Telangana, India | Waxwing Eco Travel]
* [https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/hyderabad/encroachments-threaten-historic-nallagandla-lake-541221 Encroachments threaten historic Nallagandla Lake]
* https://www.ettok.in/bird-watching-nallagandla-lake-hyderabad/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029224955/https://www.ettok.in/bird-watching-nallagandla-lake-hyderabad/ |date=2021-10-29 }}
* [https://www.top-rated.online/cities/Hyderabad/place/p/8091170/Nallagandla+Lake Nallagandla Lake - Lake in Hyderabad, India]
* [https://archive.siasat.com/news/ktr-visits-nallagandla-malka-lakes-1173158/ KTR Visits Nallagandla and Malka Lakes]

{{coord|17|28|11|N|78|18|56|E|type:waterbody_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Lakes of Telangana]]

Buddhism in Libya

2025-07-04T17:09:47Z

JudyK9023223: expand content and improved wording

{{Short description|none}}
According to [[Libya]]'s 2007 census, Libya has more than 15,010 workers from [[Sri Lanka]] and other countries with Buddhist populations (about 12,000 [[Koreans]] and more than 2,000 citizens from China) which made up about 0.3% of total population of Libya. As a result, Libya has one of highest proportions of Buddhists in [[North Africa]] despite there not being any Buddhist [[pagoda]]s or temples.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

[[Theravada]] Buddhists make up two thirds and are primarily [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]] while the remaining third follow [[East Asian Buddhism]] and are Korean or Chinese nationals.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

==History==
[[Hegesias of Cyrene]] was a philosopher of the [[Cyrenaic school]] around 290 BC.
It has been thought by some that Hegesias was influenced by [[Greco-Buddhism]].<ref name="books.google.com">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wjW_BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA184|title=Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Philosophy|first=Anthony|last=Preus|date=February 12, 2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|via=Google Books|isbn=9781442246393}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Hinduism in Libya]]

== References ==
* Country Profile of Libya (Religious Intelligence) [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927193451/http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/country/?CountryID=140]
* Religious Freedom Profile of Libya <ref>[http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/nationprofiles/Libya/rbodies.html Religious Freedom Page] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106034702/http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/nationprofiles/Libya/rbodies.html |date=November 6, 2007 }}</ref>
* The US State Department's International Religious Freedom Report 2006 - Libya<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71427.htm |title=Libya |access-date=2019-05-26 |archive-date=2020-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518180125/https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71427.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Africa in topic|Buddhism in}}

[[Category:Buddhism by country|Libya]]
[[Category:Religion in Libya]]
[[Category:Buddhism in Africa|Libya]]

{{Buddhism-stub}}
{{Libya-stub}}

Manyad Dam

2025-06-23T21:10:15Z

JudyK9023223:

{{distinguish|Manar Dam}}
{{Infobox dam
| name = Manyad Dam
| image = Manyad dharan chalisgaon.jpg
| image_caption =
| name_official = Manyad Dam D01273
| dam_crosses = Manyad river
| location = NANDRE tal chalisgaon
| dam_type = [[Dam#Earth-fill dams|Earthfill]]
| dam_length = {{convert|1677|m|abbr=on}}
| dam_height = {{convert|45|m|abbr=on}}
| dam_width_base =
| dam_width_crest =
| dam_volume = {{convert|896.5|km3|abbr=on}}
| spillway_type =
| spillway_capacity =
| construction_began =
| opening = 1973<ref>{{cite web | url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Manyad_D01273 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130413000524/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Manyad_D01273 | url-status=dead | archive-date=April 13, 2013 | title=Manyad D01273 | accessdate=March 1, 2013 }}</ref>
| cost =
| owner = [[Government of Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| res_name =
| res_capacity_total = {{convert|40257|km3|abbr=on}}
| res_catchment =
| res_surface = {{convert|8710|km2|abbr=on}}
| res_max_depth =
| plant_operator =
| plant_turbines =
| plant_capacity =
| plant_annual_gen =
| plant_commission =
| plant_decommission =
| location_map = India Maharashtra
| location_map_caption =
| location_map_size =
| coordinates = {{coord|20.4796447|74.7922526|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| website =
| extra =
}}

'''Manyad Dam''' is an [[dam#Earth-fill dams|earthfill]] dam on Manyad River near Nandre, [[Chalisgaon]], [[Jalgaon district]] in the state of [[Maharashtra]] in [[India]].

==Specifications==
The height of the dam above lowest foundation is {{convert|45|m|abbr=on}} while the length is {{convert|1677|m|abbr=on}}. The volume content is {{convert|896.5|km3|abbr=on}} and its gross storage capacity is {{convert|53980.00|km3|abbr=on}}.<ref>[http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf Specifications of large dams in India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721165130/http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf |date=2011-07-21 }}</ref>

==Purpose==
* Irrigation

==See also==
* [[Dams in Maharashtra]]
* [[List of reservoirs and dams in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Dams in Jalgaon district]]
[[Category:Dams completed in 1973]]
[[Category:1973 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Tarapur fort

2025-05-31T18:26:16Z

JudyK9023223: Started a pg

{{Short description|Fortress in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
'''Tarapur Fort''' is a fortress situated in [[Tarapur, Maharashtra|Tarapur]] in [[Palghar district|Palghar District]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]].{{Infobox military installation
| name = Tarapur Fort
| partof =
| location = [[Tarapur, Maharashtra|Tarapur]], [[Palghar District]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| image =
| caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_mapsize = 300
| pushpin_map_caption = Shown within [[Maharashtra]]
| coordinates = {{coord|19.8637|72.6821|type:landmark_region:IN-MH|format=dms|display=inline, title}}
| type =
| code =
| height =
| ownership = *[[Portugal]] (1553–1739)
*[[Maratha Empire]] (1739–1803)
*[[British Raj]] (1803–1947)
*[[Government of India]] (1947–present)
| open_to_public = Yes
| condition =
| used =
| materials =
| demolished =
| current_commander =
| past_commanders =
| occupants =
| events =
| battles =
}}

== History ==

=== Early history ===
Tarapur Fort is first mentioned roughly around the year 1280, where the ruler of Mahikavati, or modern day [[Mahim]], [[Bhima of Mahikavati]], captured the fort from the Naiks.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sadasyula |first=Ratnakar |date=2020-01-24 |title=Capture of Tarapur Fort-Chimaji Appa |url=https://historyunderyourfeet.wordpress.com/2020/01/24/capture-of-tarapur-fort-chimaji-appa/ |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=History Under Your Feet |language=en}}</ref>

=== Portuguese occupation ===
In the year 1553, the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] captured Tarapur Fort and the surrounding area. [[Tarapur, Maharashtra|Tarapur]], being a trading town, generated much wealth to the Portuguese, and served as a lucrative outpost for trade in the Western Coast of [[Maharashtra]].<ref name=":0" /> The Portuguese were able to repel attacks from the Abyssinians in 1559 and the [[Mughal Empire]] in 1612.<ref name=":0" /> The Portuguese built a stockade made of palm trees to house the Governor of the fort, with bamboo matting and scaffolding. They also constructed an artillery fortification, and established a Mission of [[Dominican Order|Dominican Friars]] to convert the local residents. The Portuguese overhauled the fort one last time in 1733.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Losa Mendiratta |first=Sidh |title=Tarapur (Tarapor/Trapor), Maharashtra, India |url=https://hpip.org/en/Heritage/Details/1305}}</ref>

=== Maratha control ===
In the 1730s, [[Chimaji Appa]], a commander of the [[Maratha Army]] and brother of [[Bajirao I|Baji Rao I]], began a campaign to conquer the Western Coast of [[Maharashtra]] under the [[Maratha Empire]], such as attacking and controlling [[Belapur Fort]] in the year 1733.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":12"/> On, 24 January 1739, Chimaji Appa lead an assault on the fortress. 4 mines were placed in the fortress for the Marathas to breach inside. The explosion of the mines damaged a [[bastion]] and a [[Curtain wall (architecture)|curtain wall]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Tarapur Fort {{!}} District Palghar, Government of Maharashtra {{!}} India |url=https://palghar.gov.in/en/tourist-place/tarapur-fort/ |access-date=2023-05-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> The Portuguese attempted a heavy resistance, however, the battle was won by Chimaji after the Portuguese were diverted away from the attacking Maratha force.<ref name=":0" /> The Marathas repaired the walls of the fortress following the battle.<ref name=":12"/>

=== British occupation ===
After the successful assault on the fortress and the following Maratha control for 64 years, the [[British Empire|British]] attacked Tarapur in 1803, gaining control of the fortress.<ref name=":0" />

=== Modern day ===
Approximately after the fort's capture by the Marathas, [[Peshwa|The Peshwa]] granted the fortress to the custodianship of Vikaji Mehrji, whose descendants, the Chorge family, continue to hold.<ref name=":2" />

== Description ==
Not much is known about the Tarapur Fort's composition before the Portuguese occupation of the site. A description of the fort in the year 1728 by the Portuguese yielded that it was heptagonal in shape, and had 4 redoubts. The fort's walls were of low height and had no [[parapet]]s.<ref name=":12"/> After the Maratha siege, the south and southeast sides of the fort were changed or repaired by the Marathas, due to the presence of differently arranged stonework.<ref name=":12" /> 2 graineries, a guard room, and several wells are also located within Tarapur Fort.<ref name=":12" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Forts in Palghar district]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures of the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Former populated places in India]]

Kento Jini

2025-05-19T18:40:53Z

JudyK9023223:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|Member]] of [[11th Arunachal Pradesh Assembly|Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2019
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Along East Assembly constituency|Along East]]
| predecessor = [[Jarkar Gamlin]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}

'''Kento Jini''' is an Indian politician from [[Arunachal Pradesh]] belonging to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He is a member of the Legislative Assembly in the [[11th Arunachal Pradesh Assembly|11th Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]. He won over [[People's Party of Arunachal|PPA]]'s candidate Jarkar Gamlin, securing 7380 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-02 |title=Along East Assembly Election Results 2024: Along East Arunachal Pradesh Elections Poll Result Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/along-east-assembly-election-results-2024-along-east-arunachal-pradesh-elections-poll-result-winner/articleshow/110638316.cms |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-02 |title=Along East, Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 Live Updates |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/along-east-arunachal-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-2546667-2024-06-02 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=India Today}}</ref><ref name="‘Investment risk’ behind uncontested wins in Arunachal Pradesh">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=28 March 2024 |title=‘Investment risk’ behind uncontested wins in Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/investment-risk-behind-uncontested-wins-in-arunachal-pradesh/article68001532.ece |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517084635/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/investment-risk-behind-uncontested-wins-in-arunachal-pradesh/article68001532.ece |archivedate=17 May 2025 |accessdate=17 May 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Arunachal Assembly will have 20 first time MLAs">{{cite news|title=Arunachal Assembly will have 20 first time MLAs|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/arunachal-assembly-will-have-20-first-time-mlas-736043.html|accessdate=19 May 2025|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=25 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250519173615/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/arunachal-assembly-will-have-20-first-time-mlas-736043.html|archivedate=19 May 2025|language=en}}</ref>

== Education ==
He graduated with a [[LLB]] from [[Gauhati University|University Law College, Gauhati University]] in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kento Jini(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- ALONG EAST (ST)(WEST SIANG) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/ArunachalPradesh2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=5 |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jini, Kento}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Arunachal Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Arunachal Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Gauhati University alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{ArunachalPradesh-politician-stub}}

Kurasala Kannababu

2025-05-06T18:44:43Z

JudyK9023223: improved article

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kurasala Kannababu
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| residence =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy Ministry|Minister of Agriculture, Cooperation & Marketing]]<br>{{small|[[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]}}
| predecessor = [[Somireddy Chandra Mohan Reddy]]
| successor = [[Kakani Govardhan Reddy]]
| term_start = 8 June 2019
| term_end = 7 April 2022
| governor = [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]<br/>[[Biswabhusan Harichandan]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
| office1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly <br>Andhra Pradesh]]
| constituency1 = [[Kakinada Rural (Assembly constituency)|Kakinada Rural]]
| term_start1 = 23 May 2019
| term_end1 = 4 June 2024
| predecessor1 = [[Pilli Ananta Lakshmi|Anantha Lakshmi Pilli]]
| successor1 = [[Pantham Venkateswara Rao|Pantham Venkateswara Rao (Nanaji)]]
| office2 =
| constituency2 = [[Kakinada Rural (Assembly constituency)|Kakinada Rural]]
| term_start2 = 2009
| term_end2 = 2014
| predecessor2 = ''constituency established''
| successor2 = [[Pilli Ananta Lakshmi|Anantha Lakshmi Pilli]]
| party = [[YSR Congress Party]]
| otherparty = *[[Indian National Congress]]
*[[Praja Rajyam Party]]
| father = Kurasala Satyannarayana
| spouse = Kurasala Srividya
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Kurasala Kannababu''' is an Indian politician, served as the Minister of Agriculture and Cooperation in [[Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy Ministry]] of the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].

He was elected as Member of legislative assembly from Kakinada Rural in [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/andhra-pradesh-cm-ys-jagan-cabinet-ministers-complete-list/articleshow/69699829.cms|title=YS Jagan Cabinet Ministers List 2019: 25 ministers inducted into AP Cabinet {{!}} Amaravati News - Times of India|date=2019-06-08|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-10-21|agency=Ist}}</ref> He was elected as an MLA in 2009 from [[Praja Rajyam Party]] and he joined [[Indian National Congress]] in 2012 during the merger of [[Praja Rajyam Party]] with [[Indian National Congress]]. He quit [[Indian National Congress]] in 2014 and contested as an [[Independent Politician|Independent]] in 2014 and joined [[YSR Congress Party]] in 2016.

He was born in 1970 to K.Satyannarayana in Ramanayyapeta, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh.

He completed B.Com. Kannababu has completed MA (Sociology) from Kakatiya University & M.A.(Public Administration) from Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University, Hyderabad. He has worked as a Journalist.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-30 |title=Kurasala Kannababu {{!}} Minister of Agriculture and Cooperation {{!}} MLA {{!}} YSRCP {{!}} Kakinada |url=https://theleaderspage.com/kurasala-kannababu/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kannababu, Kurasala}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Praja Rajyam Party politicians]]
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Agriculture ministers of Andhra Pradesh]]

{{AndhraPradesh-INC-politician-stub}}

Karkata

2025-04-05T17:29:19Z

JudyK9023223: Added Page

{{Short description|Month in Indian lunisolar calendars}}
'''Karkaṭa''', also referred to as '''Karka''' or '''Karkatha''', is a month in the [[Hindu calendar|Indian solar calendar]].<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p8"/><ref name=sewell5>{{cite book|author1=Robert Sewell|author2=Śaṅkara Bālakr̥shṇa Dīkshita|title=The Indian Calendar |url=https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich |year=1896|publisher=S. Sonnenschein & Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich/page/5 5]–11, 23–29}}</ref> It corresponds to the zodiacal sign of [[Cancer (constellation)|Cancer]], and overlaps approximately with the later half of July and early half of August in the [[Gregorian calendar]].<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p8"/>

In Vedic texts, the Karka month is called '''Suchi''' (IAST: Śuchi), but in these ancient texts it has no zodiacal associations.<ref name="Dershowitz2008p123">{{cite book|author1=Nachum Dershowitz|author2=Edward M. Reingold|title=Calendrical Calculations|title-link= Calendrical Calculations |year= 2008|publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-88540-9|pages=123–128}}</ref> The solar month of Karkata overlaps with its lunar month [[Shraavana]], in Hindu lunisolar calendars.<ref>{{cite book|author=Christopher John Fuller|title=The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=To6XSeBUW3oC|year=2004|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=978-0-69112-04-85|pages=291–293}}</ref><ref name=sewell10/> The Shraavana marks the middle of the monsoon season on the Indian subcontinent, and is preceded by the solar month of [[Mithuna (month)|Mithuna]], and followed by the solar month of [[Siṃha]].<ref name=sewell5/>

The Karkata month is called ''Adi'' in the Tamil Hindu calendar.<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p8">{{cite book|author=James G. Lochtefeld|title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M, N-Z (Vol 1 & 2)|year=2002|publisher=[[The Rosen Publishing Group]]|isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/8 8]|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/8}}</ref> The ancient and medieval era Sanskrit texts of India vary in their calculations about the duration of Karkata, just like they do with other months. For example, the ''Surya Siddhanta'' calculates the duration of Karkata to be 31 days, 11 hours, 24 minutes and 24 seconds.<ref name=sewell10/> In contrast, the ''Arya Siddhanta'' calculates the duration of the Karkata month to be 31 days, 11 hours, 13 minutes and 36 seconds.<ref name=sewell10>{{cite book|author1=Robert Sewell|author2=Śaṅkara Bālakr̥shṇa Dīkshita|title=The Indian Calendar |url=https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich |year=1896|publisher=S. Sonnenschein & Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich/page/10 10]–11}}</ref>

The Indian solar month names are significant in epigraphical studies of South Asia. For example, ''Karkaṭa'' month, along with other solar months are found inscribed in medieval era temples. The ''Karkaṭa'' month (spelled as ''Karkataka'') is found inscribed in Chola Empire monument such as the Valisvara temple near Tamil Nadu–Andhra Pradesh border.<ref>{{cite book|author=E Hultzsch|title=Epigraphia Indica|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MxE9AAAAYAAJ |year= 1906|publisher=Education Society Press|pages=268, 281–282}}</ref>

Karka is also an astrological sign in Indian horoscope systems, corresponding to [[Cancer (astrology)]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Bangalore V. Raman|title=Studies in Jaimini Astrology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gW2DIFHrxfgC |year=2003|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|isbn=978-81-208-1397-7|pages=10–19}}</ref>

Karkata is also the sixteenth month in the [[Darian calendar]] for the planet [[Mars]], when the [[Sun]] traverses the constellation Cancer as seen from Mars.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Hindu calendar}}
{{Nepali calendar}}

[[Category:Hindu solar months]]

{{Hinduism-stub}}

Chotya Bayochi Mothi Swapna

2025-03-08T21:56:02Z

JudyK9023223: Added the article and citations

{{Short description|Indian Marathi-language drama TV series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Chotya Bayochi Motthi Swapna.jpg
| image_size =
| company =
| last_aired = {{End date|2025|01|04|df=y}}
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|09|12|df=y}}
| network = [[Sony Marathi]]
| num_episodes = 736
| language = Marathi
| num_seasons =
| editor =
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| writer =
| producer =
| country = India
| director =
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| genre = [[Drama]]
| caption =
| location = Devgad, Maharashtra, India
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| related =
}}

'''''Chotya Bayochi Mothi Swapna''''' ({{translation|Big Dreams of a Small Bayo}}) is an Indian [[Marathi language]] television series airing on [[Sony Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actress Veena Jamkar is happy to play lead role on TV for the first time - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/chotya-bayochi-mothi-swapna-actress-veena-jamkar-is-happy-to-play-lead-role-on-tv-for-the-first-time/articleshow/94195787.cms|access-date=2022-09-14|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It stars Suhani Naik, Veena Jamkar and Vikram Gaikwad in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veena Jamkar bids adieu to Chotya Bayochi Mothi Swapna - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/veena-jamkar-bids-adieu-to-chotya-bayochi-motthi-swapna/articleshow/101314329.cms|access-date=2023-06-27|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It premiered from 12 September 2022 by replacing ''[[Boss Majhi Ladachi]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veena Jamkar to make her TV comeback with Chotya Bayochi Mothi Swapna - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/veena-jamkar-to-make-her-tv-comeback-with-chotya-bayochi-mothi-swapna/articleshow/93162528.cms|access-date=2022-07-27|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Bayo, a 12-year-old intelligent girl from Katal Gav in Devgad (in Sindhudurg), she loves reading and saves money she collects by helping others in a piggy bank. Bayo has just one dream, to become the first doctor in her village, and she will do anything to realise it.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chotya Bayochi Mothi Swapna actress Vijaya Babar shoots a special episode at Mumbai's famous Lalbaugcha Raja Ganpati Pandal, says, "It wasn't easy" - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/chotya-bayochi-mothi-swapna-actress-vijaya-babar-shoots-a-special-episode-at-mumbais-famous-lalbaugcha-raja-ganpati-pandal-says-it-wasnt-easy/articleshow/103836650.cms|access-date=2023-09-21|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Vijaya Babar as Bayo<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chotya Bayochi Motthi Swapna: Vijaya Babar to play the elder Bayo, Rucha Gaikwad to play a negative role - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/chotya-bayochi-motthi-swapna-vijaya-babar-to-play-the-elder-bayo-rucha-gaikwad-to-play-a-negative-role/articleshow/103238807.cms|access-date=2023-08-31|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
** Ruchi Nerurkar as younger Bayo
* Veena Jamkar as Bharati
* Vikram Gaikwad as Shubhankar

=== Recurring ===
* Rucha Gaikwad as Ira
** Anushka Pokale as younger Ira
* Swapnali Patil / Bageshree Deshpande as Gautami<ref>{{Cite web|title=Swapnali Patil enters TV show Chotya Bayochi Mothi Swapna - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/swapnali-patil-enters-tv-show-chotya-bayochi-mothi-swapna/articleshow/96565570.cms|access-date=2022-12-28|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* [[Suruchi Adarkar]] as Anu Desai<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ka Re Durava fame Suruchi Adarkar to feature in Chotya Bayochi Mothi Swapna - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/ka-re-durava-fame-suruchi-adarkar-to-feature-in-chotya-bayochi-motthi-swapna/articleshow/101313397.cms|access-date=2023-06-27|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Yogesh Sohoni as Vishal Patil<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mulgi Zali Ho fame Yogesh Sohoni enters Chotya Bayochi Motthi Swapna - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/mulgi-zali-ho-fame-yogesh-sohoni-enters-chotya-bayochi-motthi-swapna/articleshow/105008428.cms|access-date=2023-11-06|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Ojas Marathe as Abhiram
* Sudarshan Khot as Aarav
** Shaurin Desai as younger Aarav
* Shashank Dharane as Ramakant
* Sayali Jathar as Vaibhavi Patil
* Shantanu Moghe as Dushyant Waghmare
* Suhani Naik as Guddi
* Deepjyoti Naik as Goda
* Leena Patkar / Deepa Malkar as Suman
* Shraddha Satam as aunt
* Nikunj Shivalkar as Shailu
* Kalpana Sarang as Indu

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt27121120}}
* [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/chotya-bayochi-mothi-swapna-1700001017 ''Chotya Bayochi Mothi Swapna''] at [[SonyLIV]]

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Sony Marathi original programming]]
[[Category:2025 Indian television series endings]]

Hiralal Chaudhuri

2025-03-02T21:25:08Z

JudyK9023223:

{{Short description|Father of blue revolution in india}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox scientist
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Hiralal Chaudhuri
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Fisheries Scientist Hiralal Chaudhuri.jpg
| caption = Fisheries Scientist Hiralal Chaudhuri
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1921|11|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = Kubajpur, [[Sylhet]] (then ''Srihatta''), [[Assam]] (<small>in present-day ''[[Bangladesh]]''</small>), [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|09|12|1921|11|21|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Bidhannagar |Salt Lake]], [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]<ref name=":1" />
| alma_mater = [[Bangabasi College]] ([[B.Sc.]])<br />Baliganj Science College ([[M.Sc.]])<br>[[Auburn University]] (MS degree)<br>[[University of Calcutta]] ([[Ph.D.]])<br>[[Central Institute of Fisheries Education]] ([[D.Sc.]])
| field = [[Zoology]]<br />[[Biology]]<br />[[Fisheries science]]<br />[[Fisheries management]]<br />Induced reproduction in [[Carp]]
| work_institution = [[Murari Chand College]], [[Sylhet]]<br />[[Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute]]<br>[[University of the Philippines Los Baños]], [[Philippines]]
| academic_advisors = H. S. Swingle
| notable_students =
| known_for = Father of induced breeding in Carp<br />Hypophysation<br />[[Blue revolution]]
| spouse =
| awards = Chandrakala Hora Memorial Gold Medal, 1960<br />[[Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Award]]<br />[[Gamma Sigma Delta]] Award<br />Golden Key Award of the [[Auburn University]], USA<br />World Aquaculture Award, 1994<br />D.Sc (Honorary) by [[Central Institute of Fisheries Education]], Mumbai
| signature = Signature of Hiralal Chaudhuri.svg
| footnotes =
}}

'''Dr. Hiralal Chaudhuri''' ({{IPA|bn|Hīrālāla caudhurī|lang}}; 21 November 1921{{spaced ndash}}12 September 2014) was an Indian [[Bengali Hindu|Bengali]] [[fisheries scientist]]. He is known as the "father of induced breeding" of the [[carp]]. The [[Blue revolution]] in India was developed on the basis of his work on seed production technology through Hypophysation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Mehta|first=Archit|date=2018-07-11|title=Have your fillet|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/have-your-fillet/article24389444.ece|access-date=2020-07-16|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Datta|first=Subhendu|date=2015-07-22|title=Why Do We Celebrate Fish Farmers' Day on 10th July and Why Prof. (Dr.) Hiralal Choudhury is Remembered on This Day?|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280245049|accessdate=1 June 2023}}</ref> He later led the way in intensive mixed farming to increase fish production in ponds.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-10|title=ICAR- CIFRI Celebrated National Fish Farmers Day|url=https://icar.org.in/node/6236|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716172101/https://icar.org.in/node/6236|archive-date=2020-07-16}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Hiralal Chaudhuri was born on 21 November 1921 in the village of Kubajpur, adjacent to the Surma Valley in [[Sylhet]] (then ''Srihatta''), [[Assam]] (in present-day ''[[Bangladesh]]''), [[British India]]. His father Girish Chandra Chaudhuri was a civil engineer and an officer of the Government of Assam. His mother was Soroshibala Chaudhuri. Chaudhuri was a very talented student from his early days. He completed his primary education at Laban Bengali Primary School, Shilong, and matriculated from Gomes School in Sylhet in 1936 with letters in four subjects. Due to being a meritorious student, on the basis of his [[Indian School Certificate|ISC]] results, he was admitted to [[Bangabasi College]], Calcutta. He completed his BSc with first class honours in 1941 and attained an MSc in [[Zoology]] from Baliganj Science College, [[University of Calcutta]] in 1943. In 1954, he went to the USA for special training under the guidance of H. S. Swingle at [[Auburn University]]. In 1955, he obtained an MS degree in [[Fisheries management]] from [[Auburn University]] in [[Alabama]], USA for his thesis paper on the effect of pituitary injection on pond fish reproduction.<ref name=":4" /> He then moved back to [[India]] and received PhD from [[University of Calcutta|Calcutta University]] in 1961.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Mahapatra|first=Bijay|date=2014-10-01|title=Dr. Hiralal Chaudhuri – {{sic|Legendry|hide=y}} Father of Induced Breeding of fish is no more|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272100674|journal=Fishing Chimes|volume=34|pages=6–7}}</ref> The subject of his research was the effect of pituitary injection on fish breeding. In 2010, the [[Central Institute of Fisheries Education]], [[Deemed University]] conferred on him the degree of DSc.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|last=Primavera|first=Jurgenne H.|date=1998|title=Dr. Hiralal Chaudhuri: Father of induced breeding|language=en|volume=20|pages=11|work=SEAFDEC Asian Aquaculture|issue=2|url=https://repository.seafdec.org.ph/handle/10862/2864|access-date=2020-07-17|issn=0115-4974}}</ref>

== Professional career ==
After passing his MSc, he started teaching in the department of biology at [[Murari Chand College]], [[Sylhet]], but lost his job during the [[Partition of India]], along with five of his colleagues. He then migrated to India and joined the [[Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute]] (then known as the Manirampur Central Fisheries Station) near [[Barrackpore]] on 1 June 1948 as a junior research assistant. As well as working at the organisation's headquarters, he also researched at the CIFRI regional center at [[Cuttack]], [[Orissa]]. In Cuttack CIFRI center he served as junior research assistant from 1948–50, senior research assistant from 1950–55, fishery extension officer from 1959–60, was in charge of fish breeding from 1960–63 and became the officer-in-charge in 1964. He then worked in the Fish Culture Division of [[Bhubaneswar]] from 1971–75 (present day [[Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture]]).<ref name=":2" /> He served as a director of CIFRI several times, and held various posts until his retirement in 1993. From 1967–76, he worked as a Fishery Advisor at the Food and Agricultural Organization/United Nations Development Programme (FAO/UNDP) in Myanmar. After taking voluntary retirement from active government service, he joined the [[Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center]] (SEAFDEC) and served as a deputy director there from 1975–79. During 1988–93 he served as a visiting professor at [[University of the Philippines Los Baños|UPLB]] in the [[Philippines]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Sharma|first1=Anil|last2=Mohanty|first2=Bimal|date=2015-01-25|title=Hiralal Chaudhuri (1921-2014) - PERSONAL NEWS|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271201611|journal=Current Science|volume=108|pages=286–287}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Part 1|url=https://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7667/1/2018_14_R%20K%20Manna_factors_wetlands.pdf|title=Sustainable Management of Aquatic Resources|publisher=Narandra Publishing House|year=2018|isbn=9789387590113|location=Delhi|pages=v}}</ref>

=== Induced breeding methods ===
While in the center of [[Barrackpore]], he noticed that oval-shaped transparent eggs came out as soon as he pressed the belly of fish floating in the tidal waters on the banks of the [[Ganges]]. After a few hours in a container, he saw the transmission of life. This phenomenon attracted Chaudhuri to think about the ''induced reproductive process'' in [[Carp]]. After nine years of research on fish [[endocrinology]] and [[physiology]] as a senior research assistant at Cuttack Fisheries Laboratory, on 10 July 1956,<ref name=":3" /> he succeeded in the induced breeding of carp species, which is considered to be one of the first basic works in [[zoology]]. He further continued his research on riverine [[Catfish]] to breed by injecting [[Pituitary gland|pituitary hormone]]. He also improved the hypophysation technique on ''[[Olive barb|Puntius sarana]]'', ''[[Cirrhinus mrigala]]'', ''[[Rohu|Labeo rohita]]'', and other [[Indian carp (disambiguation)|Indian carp]]. In 1958 Chaudhuri was the first person to successfully hybridise carps by crossing major and minor carps of the genera Labeo, Cirrhinus, and Catla.<ref name=":2" /> He also elaborated on the twelve new hybrids of the carp species, insect infestations in ponds and their remedies, and the methods of pond rearing in a scientific manner. At this time, different countries of the world, including [[Myanmar]] (then Burma), [[Laos|Lao PDR]], [[Fiji]], [[Sudan]], [[Malaysia]], and the [[Philippines]] sought his skills for successful fish breeding programs.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-13|title=বাঙালির মাছ-বিলাসের রূপকার বিজ্ঞানী হীরালাল চৌধুরীকে আমরা ভুলতে বসেছি|url=https://www.khaboronline.com/creative-writing/articles/let-us-not-forget-the-father-of-induced-breeding-prof-hiralal-chaudhuri/|access-date=2020-07-16|website=KhaborOnline|language=en-US|archive-date=13 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713205352/https://www.khaboronline.com/creative-writing/articles/let-us-not-forget-the-father-of-induced-breeding-prof-hiralal-chaudhuri/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Honours ==
* Chandrakala Hora Memorial Gold Medal, 1960<ref>{{Cite web|title=INSA :: Awards Recipients|url=http://insaindia.res.in/recipients.php#chm|access-date=2020-07-16|website=insaindia.res.in|archive-date=16 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916233840/http://insaindia.res.in/recipients.php#chm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Award]]
* [[Gamma Sigma Delta]] Award
* Golden Key Award of the [[Auburn University]], USA
* World Aquaculture Award, 1994<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Aquaculture Society {{!}} WAS Honorary Life Members - World Aquaculture Society|url=https://www.was.org/view/HonLifeMembers.aspx#.XxCLZKEza02|access-date=2020-07-16|website=www.was.org}}</ref>
* [[The Asiatic Society|Asiatic Society Award]], 6 May 2002
* Honorary [[D.Sc]] by [[Central Institute of Fisheries Education]], Mumbai
* ''Chair in Fisheries'' in the name of Hiralal Chaudhuri by [[University of Calcutta]]<ref name=":1" />
* In 2001 [[Indian Government]] announced 10 July as the ''National Fish Farmers Day'' to honor Prof. Chaudhuri.<ref name=":0" />
Hiralal Chaudhuri was honoured as the "Father of induced breeding" of the [[Carp]] and is also considered the pioneer of the global [[Blue revolution]].<ref>{{Cite journal|first1=Bhanu|last1=Prakash CH|first2=Sachin Onkar|last2=Khairnar|first3=Amit|last3=Mandal|first4=Anil|last4=Kumar|first5=Balwinder|last5=Kumar|year=2018|volume=6|issue=4|title=Composite fish farming: A review on economic enterprise for rural empowerment and livelihood generation|url=http://www.fisheriesjournal.com/archives/2018/vol6issue4/PartG/6-4-57-610.pdf|journal=International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies|pages=545–550|issn=2394-0506|eissn=2347-5129}}</ref> In September 1994, A conference on ''Applications of Endocrinology to Pacific Rim Aquaculture'' was organised in his honor at the [[Bodega Marine Reserve|Bodega Merin Laboratory]], [[University of California]].<ref name=":4" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhuri, Hiralal}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Fisheries scientists]]
[[Category:Scientists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian zoologists]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate academics in the United States]]

Bharatpedia:WikiProject Jammu and Kashmir/Navigation

2025-01-27T16:57:27Z

JudyK9023223: Started a article

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<div style="border-top: 2px dotted #484898; margin-top:5px; padding-top: 3px; background: #F8EABA; text-align: left; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size:120%">'''Tools''' </span> (<small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Wikipedia:WikiProject Jammu and Kashmir/Tools|action=edit}} edit]</small>)</div>
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{{Wikipedia:WikiProject Jammu and Kashmir/Tools}}
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<div style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: left; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size:120%">'''Workgroups'''</span> (<small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Wikipedia:WikiProject Jammu and Kashmir/Workgroups|action=edit}} edit]</small>)</div>
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<div style="padding-bottom:3px; background: #F8EABA; text-align: left; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size:120%">'''Departments'''</span> (<small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Wikipedia:WikiProject Jammu and Kashmir/Departments|action=edit}} edit]</small>)</div>
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<div style="border-top: 2px dotted #484898; border-bottom: 2px dotted #484898; margin-top:5px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px;"><span style="font-size:120%">{{ #switch: {{PAGENAME}}
|#default='''Jammu and Kashmir article statistics'''</span> </div>
This list is generated automatically every night around 3 AM UTC.<br /> <small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand">[[Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Jammu and Kashmir articles by quality|view full worklist]]</small>
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Nangi railway station

2024-10-26T04:41:22Z

JudyK9023223:

{{Short description|Railway station in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Nangi
| style = Kolkata Suburban Railway
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[List of Kolkata Suburban Railway stations|Kolkata Suburban Railway Station]]
| image = Nangi railway station.jpg
| image_caption =
| address = Nangi Station Rd, [[Maheshtala]], [[South 24 Parganas]], [[West Bengal]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|22.500108|N|88.223371|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|9|m|ft}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| line = [[Sealdah South lines#Budge Budge Branch line|Budge Budge Branch line]]
| platform = 3
| tracks = 3
| other =
| accessible = Not Available
| bicycle = Not Available
| parking = Not Available
| structure = Standard (on-ground station)
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = NAI
| zone = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Sealdah}}
}}
| status = Functioning
| closed =
| former = [[Eastern Bengal Railway]]
| opened = {{start date and age|1890}}
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 1965–66
| passengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Kolkata Suburban Railway|line=Sealdah South|left=Budge Budge|right=Akra|to-left=Budge Budge|type=[[Sealdah South lines#Budge Budge Branch line|Budge Budge Branch line]]}}
| services_collapsible = yes
| route_map = {{Sealdah South lines}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail}}
}}

'''Nangi railway station''' is a [[List of Kolkata Suburban Railway stations|Kolkata Suburban Railway Station]] on the [[Sealdah South lines#Budge Budge Branch line|Budge Budge Branch line]]. It is under the jurisdiction of the [[Sealdah railway division]] in the [[Eastern Railway zone]] of the [[Indian Railways]]. It serves the local areas of [[Nungi|Nangi]] and [[Batanagar]] in [[South 24 Parganas]] district in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/nangi-nai/8734|title=NAI/Nangi|access-date=May 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/nangi-nai-station|title=NANGI (NAI) Railway Station|publisher=NDTV|access-date=May 25, 2019}}</ref>

==History==
In 1890, the [[Eastern Bengal Railway]] constructed a {{track gauge|1676mm}}-wide [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|broad-gauge railway]] from {{stnlnk|Ballygunge Junction}} to {{stnlnk|Budge Budge}} via Nangi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://irse.bravehost.com/IRHTML.htm |title=Indian Railways History Time Line |access-date=May 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714085533/http://irse.bravehost.com/IRHTML.htm |archive-date=14 July 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Electrification==
Electrification from {{stnlnk|Ballygunge Junction}} to {{stnlnk|Budge Budge}} including Nangi was completed with 25 kV AC overhead system in 1965–66.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html|title=History of The Electrification of Indian Railways|access-date=May 25, 2019}}</ref>

==Station complex==
The platform is very much well sheltered. The station possesses many facilities including water and sanitation. There is a proper approach road to this station.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.irfca.org/~mrinal/chronology.html|title=The Chronology of Railway Development in Eastern India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327200122/http://www.irfca.org/~mrinal/chronology.html|access-date=May 25, 2019|archive-date=27 March 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|Nangi railway station}}

{{Railway stations in West Bengal}}
{{Kolkata Suburban Railway, Sealdah South}}
{{South 24 Parganas topics}}

[[Category:Railway stations in South 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Sealdah railway division]]
[[Category:Kolkata Suburban Railway stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1890]]
[[Category:1890 establishments in the British Empire]]

{{WestBengal-railstation-stub}}

Kasa Budruk

2024-07-08T12:43:34Z

JudyK9023223: Added A Details

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kasa Budruk
| other_name = Kasa Bk
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.9128824|N|73.0464309|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palghar district|Palghar]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Vikramgad]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 110
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 2116
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 551755
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kasa Budruk''' is a village in the [[Palghar district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Vikramgad]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |accessdate=2015-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2015, Krishna Kakdya Bij, a [[Warli]] tribal from the village helped exposed a [[National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005|MGNREGA]] scam.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mgnrega-benefits-go-to-the-dead-in-thane-as-deceased-tribals-reap-benefits-of-welfare-schemes-1895146 |title=MGNREGA benefits go to the dead in Thane as deceased tribals reap benefits of welfare schemes |date=29 September 2013 |newspaper=DNA }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Kasa Budruk has 448 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 60.08%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2015-08-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002001310/http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |archivedate=2015-10-02 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 2116 || 1027 || 1089
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 400 || 218 || 182
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 1957 || 939 || 1018
|-
| Literates || 1031 || 582 || 449
|-
| Workers (all) || 1250 || 593 || 657
|-
| Main workers (total) || 793 || 394 || 399
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 390 || 179 || 211
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 318 || 147 || 171
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 11 || 7 || 4
|-
| Main workers: Other || 74 || 61 || 13
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 457 || 199 || 258
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 377 || 157 || 220
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 29 || 12 || 17
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 1 || 0 || 1
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 50 || 30 || 20
|-
| Non-workers || 866 || 434 || 432
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Vikramgad taluka}}

[[Category:Villages in Vikramgad taluka]]

2015 Kolkata Knight Riders season

2024-05-24T07:09:42Z

JudyK9023223: put up a pg

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club =[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| season =2015
| coach = [[Trevor Bayliss]]
| captain = [[Gautam Gambhir]]
| ground = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| comp1 = [[2015 Indian Premier League|IPL]]
| comp1 result = 5th
| most runs = [[Robin Uthappa]] (364)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/westindiesdomestic/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=9657;type=tournament|title=Indian Premier League, 2015/ Records / Most runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 June 2015}}</ref>
| most wickets =[[Andre Russell]] (14)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=9657;type=tournament |title=Indian Premier League, 2015/ Records / Most runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811015143/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=9657%3Btype%3Dtournament |archivedate=11 August 2015 }}</ref>
| prevseason = [[Kolkata Knight Riders in 2014|2014]]
| nextseason = [[Kolkata Knight Riders in 2016|2016]]
}}

[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] (KKR) is a franchise cricket team based in [[Kolkata]], India, which plays in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). They were one of the eight teams that competed in the [[2015 Indian Premier League|2015 IPL]]. They were captained by [[Gautam Gambhir]]. The KKR finished 5th in the IPL and did not qualify for the Champions League T20.

==Indian Premier League==
===Season standings===
Kolkata Knight Riders finished 5th in the league stage of IPL 2015.
{{:2015 Indian Premier League|team=KKR}}

=== Match log ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!No.
!Date
!Opponent
!Venue
!Result
!Scorecard
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 1 || {{dts|1=2015|2=4|3=8|format=mdy}} || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Won by 7 wickets, MoM - [[Morne Morkel]] 2/18 (4 Overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/current/match/829705.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| 2 || {{dts|1=2015|2=4|3=11|format=mdy}} || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Lost by 3 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/current/match/829713.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 3 || {{dts|1=2015|2=4|3=18|format=mdy}} || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium|Pune]] || Won by 4 wickets, MoM - [[Andre Russell]] 66(36) and 2/39 (4 Overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/current/match/829733.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 4 || {{dts|1=2015|2=4|3=20|format=mdy}} || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[Feroz Shah Kotla|New Delhi]] || Won by 6 wickets, MoM - [[Umesh Yadav]] 2/18 (4 Overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/current/match/829733.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| 5 || {{dts|1=2015|2=4|3=22|format=mdy}} || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || [[Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium|Visakhapatnam]] || Lost by 16 runs ([[Duckworth-Lewis method|D/L]]) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/current/match/829743.html Scorecard]
|-
| 6 || {{dts|1=2015|2=4|3=26|format=mdy}} || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Match abandoned without a ball bowled || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829755.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| 7 || {{dts|1=2015|2=4|3=28|format=mdy}} || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]] || Lost by 2 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829765.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 8 || {{dts|1=2015|2=4|3=30|format=mdy}} || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Won by 7 wickets, MoM - [[Andre Russell]] 55(32) and 2/20 (4 Overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829723.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| 9 || {{dts|1=2015|2=5|3=2|format=mdy}} || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium|Bengaluru]] || Lost by 7 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829771.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 10 || {{dts|1=2015|2=5|3=4|format=mdy}} || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Won by 35 runs, MoM - [[Umesh Yadav]] 2/34 (4 Overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829781.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 11 || {{dts|1=2015|2=5|3=7|format=mdy}} || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Won by 13 Runs, MoM - [[Piyush Chawla]] 4/32 (4 Overs) and 22(19) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829761.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 12 || {{dts|1=2015|2=5|3=9|format=mdy}} || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Won by 1 wicket, MoM - [[Andre Russell]] 51(21)|| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829791.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| 13 || {{dts|1=2015|2=5|3=14|format=mdy}} || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Wankhede Stadium|Mumbai]] || Lost by 5 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829805.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| 14 || {{dts|1=2015|2=5|3=16|format=mdy}} || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[Brabourne Stadium|Mumbai]] || Lost by 9 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829811.html Scorecard]
|- " class="sortbottom"
| colspan="6" style="text-align: center; "| Overall record: 7–6. Failed to advance.
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kolkata Knight Riders}}

[[Category:Kolkata Knight Riders seasons]]
[[Category:2015 Indian Premier League]]

Tejgaon, Raebareli

2024-02-25T20:04:25Z

JudyK9023223:

{{Other uses|Tejgaon (disambiguation){{!}}Tejgaon}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tejgaon
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Tejgāon
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Sareni block map.png
| map_caption = Map showing Tejgaon (#750) in Sareni CD block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.107661|N|80.853853|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Do a radial search using these coordinates here|title=Geonames Search}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 4.808
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 4431
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = UP-35
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Tejgaon''' is a village in [[Sareni, Uttar Pradesh|Sareni]] block of [[Rae Bareli district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Rae Bareli, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=262–87 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0927_PART_A_DCHB_RAE%20BARELI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=23 October 2021}}</ref> It is located 14 km from [[Lalganj, Uttar Pradesh|Lalganj]], the [[tehsil]] headquarters.<ref name="Census 1981"/> As of 2011, it has a population of 4,431 people, in 738 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It has one primary school and one medical clinic, and hosts both a weekly [[haat]] and a permanent market.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It belongs to the [[nyaya panchayat]] of [[Malkegaon]].<ref name="Census 1991"/>

The [[1951 Census of India|1951 census]] recorded Tejgaon as comprising 9 hamlets, with a population of 1,508 people (715 male and 793 female), in 236 households and 203 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1951">{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1951: District Census Handbook Uttar Pradesh (42 - Rae Bareli District) |date=1955 |location=Allahabad |pages=120–1 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/933/1/23644_1951_RAE.pdf |access-date=23 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 1,310 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1951"/> 100 residents were literate, 80 male and 20 female.<ref name="Census 1951"/> The village was listed as belonging to the [[pargana]] of [[Sareni, Uttar Pradesh|Sareni]] and the [[thana]] of Sareni.<ref name="Census 1951"/>

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Tejgaon as comprising 7 hamlets, with a total population of 1,764 people (892 male and 872 female), in 278 households and 232 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (39 - Raebareli District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=lxxiv-lxxv of section "Dalmau Tahsil" |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1047/1/22852_1961_RAE.pdf |access-date=23 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 1,310 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1961"/>

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Tejgaon as having a population of 2,358 people, in 394 households, and having an area of 480.78 [[hectare]]s.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Rae Bareli |date=1982 |pages=146–7 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1298/1/50861_1981_RAE.pdf |access-date=23 October 2021}}</ref> The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.<ref name="Census 1981"/>

The [[1991 Census of India|1991 census]] recorded Tejgaon as having a total population of 2,937 people (1,532 male and 1,405 female), in 511 households and 508 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1991">{{cite book |title=Census 1991 Series-25 Uttar Pradesh Part-XII B Village & Townwise Primary Census Abstract District Census Handbook District Raebareli |date=1992 |pages=xxiv-xxviii, 178–9 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1443/1/36846_1991_RAE.pdf |access-date=23 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was listed as 481 hectares.<ref name="Census 1991"/> Members of the 0-6 age group numbered 552, or 19% of the total; this group was 54% male (300) and 46% female (252).<ref name="Census 1991"/> Members of [[scheduled castes]] made up 34% of the village's population, while no members of [[scheduled tribes]] were recorded.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The [[literacy rate]] of the village was 41% (896 men and 299 women).<ref name="Census 1991"/> 831 people were classified as main workers (648 men and 183 women), while 0 people were classified as marginal workers; the remaining 2,106 residents were non-workers.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The breakdown of main workers by employment category was as follows: 391 cultivators (i.e. people who owned or leased their own land); 272 agricultural labourers (i.e. people who worked someone else's land in return for payment); 7 workers in livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting, plantations, orchards, etc.; 1 in mining and quarrying; 5 household industry workers; 21 workers employed in other [[manufacturing]], processing, service, and repair roles; 2 [[construction worker]]s; 23 employed in trade and commerce; 6 employed in transport, storage, and communications; and 103 in other services.<ref name="Census 1991"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Raebareli district}}

[[Category:Villages in Raebareli district]]

India cricket team in East Africa in 1967

2024-01-19T11:40:57Z

JudyK9023223: Added A Info

A cricket team from India toured East Africa in mid-1967 playing games against Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda as well as against other local teams. A match against the full East African team at the end of the tour was given first-class status.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Events/7/India_in_East_Africa_1967.html |title=India in East Africa 1967 |publisher=[[CricketArchive]] |access-date=19 January 2024 }}</ref>

==Tour matches==
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 29-31 July 1967
| team1 = {{cr-rt|Uganda}}
| score-team1-inns1 = 146 (77.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Lawrence Fernandes (cricketer)|Lawrence Fernandes]] 29
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Rusi Surti]] 3/21 (9.5 overs)
| score-team1-inns2 = 254 (92 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Virani Noordin]] 96
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[B. S. Chandrasekhar]] 4/53 (21 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|India|name=Indians}}
| score-team2-inns1 = 273 (61.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Ramesh Saxena]] 85
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Kishore Vasani]] 4/77 (16.2 overs)
| score-team2-inns2 = 130/4 (35 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Chandu Borde]] 54*
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Lawrence Fernandes (cricketer)|Lawrence Fernandes]] 1/11 (3 overs)
| result = Indians won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/28/28986.html scorecard]
| venue = Lugogo Stadium, Kampala
| umpires =
| motm =
| toss = Uganda won the toss and decided to bat
| rain =
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 5-7 August 1967
| team1 = {{cr-rt|Kenya}}
| score-team1-inns1 = 241 (95 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Jawahir Shah]] 96
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Bishan Singh Bedi|Bishan Bedi]] 5/66 (32 overs)
| score-team1-inns2 = 277/7 (127 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Jawahir Shah]] 134
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Sadanand Mohol]] 4/56 (27 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|India|name=Indians}}
| score-team2-inns1 = 425/2d (85 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Ajit Wadekar]] 179
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Don Pringle]] 4/99 (28 overs)
| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =
| result = Match drawn
| report = [https://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/29/29010.html scorecard]
| venue = Suleman Virjee Indian Gymkhana Ground, Nairobi
| umpires =
| motm =
| toss = Kenya won the toss and decided to bat
| rain =
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 12-14 August 1967
| team1 = {{cr-rt|India|name=Indians}}
| score-team1-inns1 = 215 (74.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Budhi Kunderan]] 81
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Vasant Tapu]] 4/35 (24 overs)
| score-team1-inns2 = 203/5d (37.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Ajit Wadekar]] 65
| wickets-team1-inns2 = Ramnik Volumbia 1/10 (5 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|Tanzania}}
| score-team2-inns1 = 95 (42.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Praful Mehta]] 25
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[B. S. Chandrasekhar]] 8/25 (14.1 overs)
| score-team2-inns2 = 79/1 (22 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[R. D. Patel (cricketer)|R. D. Patel]] 40*
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi]] 1/17 (4 overs)
| result = Match drawn
| report = [https://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/29/29039.html scorecard]
| venue = Gymkhana Club Ground, Dar-es-Salaam
| umpires =
| motm =
| toss = Toss not known
| rain =
}}
----
{{single-innings cricket match
| date = 17 August 1967
| team1 = Indian High Commissioner's XI
| score1 = 226
| runs1 = [[Jasmer Singh Grewal]] 57
| wickets1 = [[B. S. Chandrasekhar]] 3/26
| team2 = {{cr|India|name=Indians}}
| score2 = 230/8
| runs2 = [[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi]] 98
| wickets2 = [[Zulfiqar Ali (Kenyan cricketer)|Zulfiqar Ali]] 4/67
| result = Indians won by 3 wickets
| report = [https://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/138/138817.html scorecard]
| venue = Nairobi
| umpires =
| motm =
| toss = Toss not known
| rain =
| notes = 12 players per side
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 19-21 August 1967
| team1 = {{cr-rt|East Africa}}
| score-team1-inns1 = 308 (110.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Upendra Patel]] 105
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Sadanand Mohol]] 4/66 (25 overs)
| score-team1-inns2 = 276 (102.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Anil Lakhani]] 58<br>[[R. D. Patel (cricketer)|R. D. Patel]] 58
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[B. S. Chandrasekhar]] 5/73 (22 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|India|name=Indians}}
| score-team2-inns1 = 386/9d (88 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Hanumant Singh]] 109
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Vasant Tapu]] 5/72 (17 overs)
| score-team2-inns2 = 199/2 (21.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Ajit Wadekar]] 86*
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Vasant Tapu]] 1/45 (7 overs)
| result = Indians won by 8 wickets
| report = [https://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/29/29058.html scorecard]
| venue = Lugogo Stadium, Kampala
| umpires =
| motm =
| toss = Indians won the toss and decided to field
| rain =
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{International cricket tours of Kenya}}

[[Category:1967 in cricket]]
[[Category:East Africa in international cricket]]
[[Category:1967 in Indian cricket]]

Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu

2023-10-01T00:39:32Z

JudyK9023223: correct citations to improve readability and fixed typos

#REDIRECT [[Kurma Venkata Reddi Naidu]]

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