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List of players who have scored 2,000 or more runs in Women's Twenty20 International cricket

2026-05-31T11:33:01Z

Joy sagar Murmu: creating post

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{short description|List of cricketers}}
{{For|list of players in men's Twenty20 International cricket|List of players who have scored 2,000 or more runs in Twenty20 International cricket}}
Scoring more than 2,000 [[Run (cricket)|runs]] in T20I format of [[cricket]] is considered a significant achievement. In 2014, England batter [[Charlotte Edwards]] became the first woman to score 2,000 runs in [[Women's Twenty20 International]] (WT20I). Later in 2014, she also became the first player (either male or female) to cross 2500 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/charlotte-edwards-becoming-first-cricketer-to-score-2000-t20i-runs-goes-unnoticed-118777|title=Charlotte Edwards becoming first cricketer to score 2,000 T20I runs goes unnoticed – Latest Cricket News, Articles & Videos at| date=28 March 2014 |publisher=Cricketcountry.com|accessdate=8 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140601063808/http://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/charlotte-edwards-becoming-first-cricketer-to-score-2000-t20i-runs-goes-unnoticed-118777|archive-date=1 June 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> She retired as the most prolific run scorer in WT20Is, with a total of 2605 runs in March 2016. She remained as the leading run-scorer (either male or female) for another 2 years until it was broken by [[Suzie Bates]] of New Zealand in June 2018, who later became the first player (either male or female) to score 3000, 3500, 4000 and 4500 runs in T20Is as well.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-15 |title=Suzie Bates / cricket.com.au |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/players/CA:431/suzannah-bates |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=www.cricket.com.au |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cricket |first=Team Female |date=2022-08-02 |title=Suzie Bates becomes First ever cricketer to score 3500 T20I Runs |url=https://femalecricket.com/birmingham-commonwealth-games-2022/25536-suzie-bates-becomes-first-ever-cricketer-to-score-3500-t20i-runs.html |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=Female Cricket |language=en-US}}</ref>

In terms of [[innings]], Australia's [[Beth Mooney]] is the fastest (67) to reach the 2,000 run mark, whereas Pakistan's [[Nida Dar]] is the slowest (136) to reach the mark.<ref name="fastest">{{Cite web |title=Women T20I matches / Batting records / Fastest to 2000 runs |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/fastest-to-2000-runs-1233280| access-date=2023-07-27 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

{{As of|2026|1}}, 31 players from 13 teams have scored 2,000 runs in T20Is. Out of them, 5 players are from [[England women's cricket team|England]] and [[India women's national cricket team|India]] each, followed by 4 from [[Australia women's cricket team|Australia]], 3 each from [[Pakistan women's cricket team|Pakistan]] and [[West Indies women's cricket team|West Indies]], 2 each from [[New Zealand women's cricket team|New Zealand]], [[Thailand women's national cricket team|Thailand]] and [[United Arab Emirates women's national cricket team|United Arab Emirates]], and 1 each from [[Bangladesh women's national cricket team|Bangladesh]], [[Ireland women's national cricket team|Ireland]], [[Namibia women's national cricket team|Namibia]], [[South Africa women's national cricket team|South Africa]] and [[Sri Lanka women's national cricket team|Sri Lanka]].

This list contains all the players who have scored 2,000 runs in T20I.

==Key==
{|
|-
| valign="top" style="width:30%" |
* '''Mat.''' – Number of matches played
* '''Inn.''' – Number of innings batted
* '''HS''' – Highest score
* '''Avg''' – [[Batting average (cricket)|Runs scored per dismissal]]
| valign="top" style="width:30%" |
* '''100''' – [[Century (cricket)|Centuries]] scored
* '''50''' – [[List of cricket terms#H|Half-centuries]] scored
* '''2KI''' – Number of innings the player took to reach 2,000 runs
| valign="top" style="width:40%" |
* '''Date''' – Date on which the player reached the 2,000 run mark
* '''Name in bold text''' – The player is still active, therefore their stats are likely to change
* '''Ref.''' – Cumulative list of players runs, showing which innings they achieved 2000 runs in
| valign="top" style="width:10%" |
|}

==Players with 2,000 or more T20I runs==
''Player list and statistics are updated as of May 2026.''

{{Table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable defaultcenter col2left col3left"
|+ 2,000 or more runs in T20Is<ref name="Most runs">{{Cite web |title=Batting records / Women's Twenty20 Internationals / ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/most-runs-in-career-284263 |access-date=2023-07-27 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | Mat.
! scope="col" | [[Innings|Inn.]]
! scope="col" | [[Run (cricket)|Runs]]
! scope="col" | HS 
! scope="col" | [[Batting average (cricket)|Avg.]]
! scope="col" | [[Century (cricket)|100]]
! scope="col" | [[Half century|50]]
! scope="col" | 2KI
! scope="col" | Date
! scope="col" | Ref.
|-
! scope="row" | 1
| '''{{sortname|Suzie|Bates}}''' || {{crw|NZ}} || 183 || 176 || 4720 || {{sort|1245|124*}} || 28.78 || 1 || 28 || 78 || {{dts|format=dmy|2016|3|18}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/54565.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative |title=Suzie Bates |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=27 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2
| '''{{sortname|Smriti|Mandhana}}''' || {{crw|IND}} || 163 || 157 || 4293 || {{sort|01120|112}} || 30.23 || 1 || 33 || 84 || {{dts|format=dmy|2022|6|25}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/597806.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative |title=Smriti Mandhana |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |accessdate=25 June 2022}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 3
| '''{{sortname|Harmanpreet|Kaur}}''' || {{crw|IND}} || 196 || 175 || 4019 || {{sort|1030|103}} || 29.78 || 1 || 16 || 88 || {{dts|format=dmy|2019|10|3}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/372317.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative |title=Harmanpreet Kaur |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]| accessdate=3 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 4
| '''{{sortname|Chamari|Athapaththu}}''' || {{crw|SL}} || 157 || 154 || 3752 || {{sort|1195|119*}} || 25.69 || 3 || 14 || 93 || {{dts|format=dmy|2022|6|27}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/318853.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative |title=Chamari Athapaththu |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |accessdate=27 June 2022}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 5
| '''{{sortname|Sophie|Devine}}''' || {{crw|NZ}} || 151 || 147 || 3587 || {{sort|1050|105}} || 28.46 || 1 || 23 || 81 || {{dts|format=dmy|2020|2|2}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/231740.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative |title=Sophie Devine |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=2 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 6
| '''{{sortname|Beth|Mooney}}''' || {{crw|AUS}} || 118 || 112 || 3545 || {{sort|1175|117*}} || 41.22 || 2 || 28 || 67 || {{dts|format=dmy|2022|12|11}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/381258.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative |title=Beth Mooney |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=11 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 7
| '''{{sortname|Stafanie|Taylor}}''' || {{crw|WIN}} || 131 || 128 || 3518 || {{sort|0900|90}} || 34.15 || 0 || 22 || 68 || {{dts|format=dmy|2016|3|16}} || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stafanie Taylor|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/355359.html?class=10;filter=advanced;orderby=balls_faced;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 8
| {{sortname|Meg|Lanning}} || {{crw|AUS}} || 132 || 121 || 3405 || {{sort|1335|133*}} || 36.61 || 2 || 15 || 72 || {{dts|format=dmy|2018|3|28}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/329336.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative |title=Meg Lanning |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=27 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 9
| '''{{sortname|Danni|Wyatt-Hodge}}''' || {{crw|ENG}} || 178 || 157 || 3335 || {{sort|1240|124}} || 23.32 || 2 || 21 || 105 || {{dts|format=dmy|2022|7|23}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/254168.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative |title=Danni Wyatt-Hodge |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=23 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 10
| '''{{sortname|Esha|Oza}}''' || {{crw|UAE}} || 110 || 108 || 3126 || {{sort|1585|158*}} || 32.90 || 5 || 13 || 76 || {{dts|format=dmy|2024|5|3}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/1126416.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative|title=Esha Oza|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=3 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 11
| '''{{sortname|Hayley|Matthews}}''' || {{ubl|{{crw|WIN}}|{{crw|BAR}}}} || 118 || 118 || 3114 || {{sort|1320|132}} || 28.83 || 3 || 20 || 88 || {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|05}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/474308.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative |title=Hayley Matthews |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=5 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 12
| '''{{sortname|Deandra|Dottin}}''' || {{ubl|{{crw|WIN}}|{{crw|BAR}}}} || 144 || 141 || 3094 || {{sort|1125|112*}} || 26.67 || 2 || 14 || 96 || {{dts|format=dmy|2018|3|20}} || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deandra Dottin|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/355349.html?class=10;filter=advanced;orderby=balls_faced;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 13
| {{sortname|Alyssa|Healy}} || {{crw|AUS}} || 162 || 143 || 3054 || {{sort|1485|148*}} || 25.45 || 1 || 17 || 97 || {{dts|format=dmy|2020|3|8}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/275486.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative |title=Alyssa Healy |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=8 March 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 14
| '''{{sortname|Gaby|Lewis}}''' || {{crw|IRE}} || 114 || 112 || 3048 || {{sort|1190|119}} || 31.42 || 2 || 18 || 85 || {{dts|format=dmy|2024|5|1}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/774347.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative |title=Gaby Lewis |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=1 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 15
| '''{{sortname|Nat|Sciver-Brunt}}''' || {{crw|ENG}} || 137 || 131 || 2960 || {{sort|0820|82}} || 29.01 || 0 || 18 || 101 || {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|13}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/515905.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative |title=Nat Sciver-Brunt |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=13 February 2023}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 16
| {{sortname|Bismah|Maroof}} || {{crw|PAK}} || 140 || 134 || 2893 || {{sort|0705|70*}} || 27.55 || 0 || 12 || 95 || {{dts|format=dmy|2019|10|26}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/260229.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative |title=Bismah Maroof |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]| accessdate=26 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 17
| '''{{sortname|Laura|Wolvaardt}}''' || {{crw|RSA}} || 98 || 92 || 2764 || {{sort|01155|115*}} || 38.92 || 3 || 16 || 73 || {{dts|format=dmy|2024|11|24}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/922481.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative|title=Laura Wolvaardt|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=24 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 18
| '''{{sortname|Shafali|Verma}}''' || {{crw|IND}} || 103 || 102 || 2687 || {{sort|0810|81}} || 27.98 || 0 || 16 || 83 || {{dts|format=dmy|2024|10|9}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/1182523.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative|title=Shafali Verma|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |accessdate=9 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 19
| '''{{sortname|Jemimah|Rodrigues}}''' || {{crw|IND}} || 123 || 110 || 2633 || {{sort|0760|76}} || 29.92 || 0 || 15 || 84 || {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|19}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/883405.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative|title=Jemimah Rodrigues|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=9 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 20
| {{sortname|Charlotte|Edwards}} || {{crw|ENG}} || 95 || 93 || 2605 || {{sort|0925|92*}} || 32.97 || 0 || 12 || 73 || {{dts|format=dmy|2014|3|28}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/53696.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative |title=Charlotte Edwards |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=27 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 21
| '''{{sortname|Natthakan|Chantham}}''' || {{crw|THA}} || 115 || 111 || 2496 || {{sort|1485|148*}} || 30.81 || 1 || 11 || 93 || {{dts|format=dmy|2025|11|20}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/486942.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative|title=Natthakan Chantham|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=20 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 22
| '''{{sortname|Nannapat|Koncharoenkai}}''' || {{crw|THA}} || 129 || 118 || 2429 || {{sort|0750|75}} || 26.69 || 0 || 10 || 100 || {{dts|format=dmy|2025|11|20}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/944285.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative|title=Nannapat Koncharoenkai|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=20 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 23
| {{sortname|Mithali|Raj}} || {{crw|IND}} || 89 || 84 || 2364 || {{sort|0975|97*}} || 37.52 || 0 || 17 || 70 || {{dts|format=dmy|2018|6|3}} || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mithali Raj|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/54273.html?class=10;filter=advanced;orderby=balls_faced;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative |access-date=2018-06-03 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 24
| '''{{sortname|Nigar|Sultana|dab=cricketer}}''' || {{crw|BAN}} || 119 || 113 || 2336 || {{sort|1135|113*}} || 26.54 || 1 || 11 || 96 || {{dts|format=dmy|2024|10|10}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/924177.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative|title=Nigar Sultana|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=10 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 25
| '''{{sortname|Heather|Knight}}''' || {{crw|ENG}} || 132 || 117 || 2331 || {{sort|1085|108*}} || 27.10 || 1 || 8 || 105 || {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|9}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/358259.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative|title=Heather Knight|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=9 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 26
| '''{{sortname|Ellyse|Perry}}''' || {{crw|AUS}} || 174 || 117 || 2297 || {{sort|0750|75}} || 30.22 || 0 || 9 || 102 || {{dts|format=dmy|2024|10|8}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/275487.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative|title=Ellyse Perry|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=8 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 27
| '''{{sortname|Theertha|Satish}}''' || {{crw|UAE}} || 97 || 90 || 2211 || {{sort|0930|93}} || 33.00 || 0 || 12 || 79 || {{dts|format=dmy|2025|11|20}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/1290388.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative|title=Theertha Satish|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=20 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 28
| {{sortname|Sarah|Taylor|dab=cricketer}} || {{crw|ENG}} || 90 || 87 || 2177 || {{sort|0770|77}} || 29.02 || 0 || 16 || 74 || {{dts|format=dmy|2016|2|21}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/249935.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative |title=Sarah Taylor |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=27 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 29
| '''{{sortname|Nida|Dar}}''' || {{crw|PAK}} || 160 || 141 || 2091 || {{sort|0750|75}} || 17.87 || 0 || 7 || 136 || {{dts|format=dmy|2024|9|18}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/333355.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative|title=Nida Dar|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=18 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 30
| '''{{sortname|Yasmeen|Khan|dab=cricketer}}''' || {{crw|NAM}} || 117 || 112 || 2052 || {{sort|0785|78*}} || 21.60 || 0 || 9 || 109 || {{dts|format=dmy|2026|1|20}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/1119578.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative|title=Yasmeen Khan|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=20 January 2026}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 31
| {{sortname|Javeria|Khan}} || {{crw|PAK}} || 112 || 106 || 2018 || {{sort|0745|74*}} || 21.68 || 0 || 10 || 103 || {{dts|format=dmy|2023|1|24}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/346680.html?class=10;template=results;type=batting;view=cumulative |title=Javeria Khan |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|accessdate=24 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
|}
{{notelist}}

==See also==
* [[Women's Twenty20 International]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Cricket records}}

[[Category:Women's cricket-related lists]]
[[Category:Women's Twenty20 International cricket records and statistics]]

Nashya Shaikh people

2026-05-08T12:03:57Z

Joy sagar Murmu: creating a details

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{More sources needed|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Nashya Shaikh
| image =
| image_caption = Nashya Shaikh Unnayan Parishad demonstrate outside Jalpaiguri's DM office
| regions = India ([[West Bengal]], [[Assam]], [[Bihar]])
[[Bangladesh]]
| langs = Native: [[Rajbanshi language (Nepal)|Rajbongshi]], [[Rangpuri language|Rangpuri]], [[Goalpariya dialects|Goalpariya]], [[Surjapuri language|Surjapuri]] Second language: [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Nepali language|Nepali]], [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]], [[Bihari languages]]
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| religions = [[Islam]]
| related_groups = [[Surjapuri people|Surjapuri]], [[Koch people|Koch]], [[Rabha]], [[Boro people|Boro]], [[Deshi people|Deshis]]
}}
{{Islam in Bangladesh}}
The '''Nashya Shaikh''' or Nashya Sekh is a [[Muslim]] community found in northern parts of the state of [[West Bengal]] in India. They are culturally and linguistically similar to both people of northern Bangladesh and [[Goalpara district|Goalpara]] of Assam. A small number of the community are also found in the neighboring state of [[Bihar]], where they are known as the Bengali Shaikh. The group is descended from a set of tribals which were collectively referred to as Koches, who converted to Islam as they were unable to find a favourable position in Hindu society and came to be known as the Rajbanshi Muslims.<ref>"A large section of the poor Koches who failed to embrace Hinduism and styled them as Rajbanshi had apostatized to the faith of Islam. Das Gupta labeled them as Rajbanshi Muslims and is now confused with the general Mohamedan population of Northeastern part of Bengal. They were also called-'Nasya sekh' in Cooch Behar, Jalpaiguri, andDinajpur. The Nashya are considered to be an important indigenous group found in northern West Bengal."{{harvcol|Adhikary|2009|p=205}}</ref><ref name="auto">Marginal Muslim Communities in India edited by M.K.A Siddiqui pages 74-89</ref> They are homogeneous with the [[Koch people]] and are bilingual, speaking both [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Surjapuri language|Surjapuri]].

== Origin ==

The Nashyas trace their origin to the indigenous communities of [[Koch people]] of northern [[West Bengal]], though some of them are also from [[Mech tribe|Mech]] community. Their conversion to [[Islam]] is said to have taken over two to three centuries, and the Nashya still retain many cultural traits of their pre-Islamic past.For instance the reverence of ''pirs'' was a continuation of their previous beliefs. Most people of the community are non-practicing Muslims though the newer generations are becoming increasing Islamic due to globalization. From historic evidence, it seems a segment of the population of northern [[Bengal]] began to convert to Islam when the region fell under the control of [[Bakhtiyar Khilji]]. Some of the earliest converts were the chiefs [[Ali Mech]] and [[Kalapahad|Kala Pahar]]. Tradition also ascribes the conversion of several lineages to [[Sufi]] saints such as Torsa Pir, Pagla Pir, Shah Fakir Sahib and Shah Gari Sahib.<ref name="auto"/>

==Present circumstances==

At the time of the 1891 census in Cooch Behar, the Nasya Sheikh were the predominant Muslims in the state with a population of 1,69,551 while other immigrant Muslim communities were only 1,195. They made up 29.29% of Cooch Behar's population at the time.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Haque|first=Md. Jarirul|date=2017|title=SOCIO-CULTURAL TRANSITION OF THE MUSLIMS IN COOCH BEHAR FROM THE REIGN OF THE KOCH KINGS TO MODERN AGE|url=https://zenodo.org/record/806875|journal=International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Arts and Humanities|volume=2|pages=211–216}}</ref>

Politically the community has remained supportive of the establishment - whether the Raja of Cooch Behar, the Congress during Partition, or the Left Front and Trinamool Congress during their time in power.

The Nashya were once substantial landowners, generally known as [[jotedar]]s. Below this class was a substantial strata of medium-sized peasants. With the independence of India in 1947, the larger estates were divided. The community's contribution to the agriculture of northern West Bengal is substantial, with the Nashya growing jute, tobacco, and rice.<ref name="auto"/>

The Nashya as a community were once strictly endogamous but their marriage with mainstream Bengali Muslims brought them more close to Bengali culture. Their physical appearance seems more similar to Bengalis than to Rajbongshi people. They are divided into lineages such as Bepari, Pramanik, Sarcar and Sekh. Each of these lineage groups intermarry. The community is mainly follows hanafi school of [[Sunni]] Islam. They are concentrated in the districts of [[Cooch Behar]], [[Jalpaiguri]], [[Darjeeling District|Darjeeling]], and [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh|Dinajpur]] (north and south). They are also found in the neighbouring [[Purnia Division]] of [[Behar]], where they are known as [[Shaikh of Bihar|Bengali Shaikh]].

The community have set up their own political and cultural organization, the Uttar Bango Angrassar Muslim Sangram Samiti, which acts as a pressure group for the community.

==Notable people==
*[[Maziruddin Ahmed]] (born 1898), Cooch Behar politician<ref>{{cite book|title=Who's Who in India|page=71|publisher=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Secretariat|year=1957}}</ref>
*[[Abbasuddin Ahmed]] (1901–1959), musician
*[[Hossain Mohammad Ershad]] (1930–2019), President of [[Bangladesh]]
*[[Mustafa Kamal (judge)|Mustafa Kamal Abbasi]] (1933–2015), 9th Chief Justice of Bangladesh
*[[Mustafa Zaman Abbasi]] (born 1936), musicologist
*[[Fazle Haque]] (born 1937), former state minister of West Bengal
*[[Ferdausi Rahman]] (born 1941), singer
*[[Mozammel Hossain Lalu]] (1942–2014), member of the Bangladesh parliament
*[[Merina Rahman]] (born 1943), member of the Bangladesh parliament
*[[GM Quader|Ghulam Mohammad Quader]] (born 1948), Commerce Minister of Bangladesh
*[[Fazal Karim Miah]] (born 1951), West Bengal politician
*[[Tamser Ali]] (born 1953), West Bengal politician
*[[Nashid Kamal]] (born 1958), singer
*[[Hossain Mokbul Shahriar]] (born 1974), member of the Bangladesh parliament
*[[Saad Ershad]] (born 1983), businessman

==See also==

* [[Rajbongshi people]]
* [[Bengali Muslims]]
* [[Punjabi Shaikh]]
* [[Shaikhs in South Asia]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite thesis |type=Ph.D. |last=Adhikary |first=Madhab Chandra |title=Ethno Cultural Identity Crisis of the Rajbanshis of North Eastern Part of india and Nepal and Bangladesh during the period of 1891 to 1979 |publisher=University of North Bengal |year=2009 |hdl=10603/137486}}
* <ref>https://ir.nbu.ac.in/server/api/core/bitstreams/2f1b8ef6-a61c-4751-8bd1-c304f13534de/content

</ref>
* <ref>https://ir.nbu.ac.in/bitstreams/58a78718-f705-4856-b37c-e144f3d476f1/download

</ref>
{{Indian Muslim}}

[[Category:Social groups of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Muslim communities in Assam]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Bihar]]
[[Category:Shaikh clans]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of South Asia]]

Sagarmoy Ghosh

2026-04-30T08:48:02Z

Joy sagar Murmu: started first article basic info

{{Short description|Indian Bengali author and editor (1912–1999)}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sagarmoy Ghosh
| image =
| image_upright =
| landscape =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1912|06|22}}
| birth_place = [[Chadpur]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1999|02|19|1912|06|22}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| death_cause =
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| burial_place =
| burial_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| other_names =
| siglum =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Journalist, Writer, Teacher
| years_active =
| era =
| employer =
| organization = [[Desh (magazine)]]
| agent =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| style =
| net_worth =
| height =
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
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| opponents =
| boards =
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| relatives = [[Santidev Ghosh]] (Brother)
| family =
| callsign =
| awards = [[Ananda Puraskar]]
| website =
| signature =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sagarmoy Ghosh''' (22 June 1912 – 19 February 1999) was a Bengali author and the longest serving editor of ''[[Desh (magazine)|Desh.]]''<ref name="Basu 2018">{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/mar/18/guardianobituaries1 |title=Sagarmoy Ghosh obituary |first=Shrabani |last=Basu |date=18 March 1999 | newspaper=The Guardian | access-date=22 July 2018 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319084512/https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/mar/18/guardianobituaries1 |archivedate=2018-03-19 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCghDtjik3IC&q=Sagarmoy+Ghosh+died&pg=PA140|title=Alternative Modernities|first=Dilip Parameshwar | last=Gaonkar|year=2001|isbn=0822327147|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320115840/https://books.google.com/books?id=YCghDtjik3IC&pg=PA140&lpg=PA140&dq=Sagarmoy+Ghosh+died&source=bl&ots=bpi9K0HZhe&sig=LRUd6-dJSMSiipfdZpTEsFj3i9A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZ4YDoj_bZAhWKQI8KHRY-AcsQ6AEIYTAI#v=onepage&q=Sagarmoy%20Ghosh%20died&f=false|archive-date=2018-03-20|url-status=live|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref>

==Early life==
Ghosh was born in Chandipur village, [[Comilla District|Comilla]], in [[British India]], His father Kalimohan Ghosh and elder brother famous singer [[Santidev Ghosh]] were closely associated with [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. Ghosh was interested in music and literature since childhood and completed his study from the school of [[Santiniketan|Shantiniketan]]. He passed B.A from [[Calcutta University]]. In 1932, he participated in the [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–22)|Non-cooperation movement]] and was imprisoned by the police.<ref name="Basu 2018" />

==Career==
In jail he met with [[Ashok Kumar Sarkar]], well known editor of [[Ananda Bazar Patrika]] and joined in [[ABP Group|Anandabazar group]]. He became the assistant editor of ''Desh'' in 1939. Ghosh's task was to pick up young and promising writers for the magazine. He became the editor of the magazine in 1976 and for more than 5 decades he was with Ananadabazar and it's literary wings and made it an institution amongst [[Bengalis]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anandabazar.com/supplementary/patrika/some-unknown-facts-about-sagarmoy-ghosh-1.724467|title=Ami To Stage Er Malik|language=bn|website=anandabazar.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319005558/http://www.anandabazar.com/supplementary/patrika/some-unknown-facts-about-sagarmoy-ghosh-1.724467|archive-date=2018-03-19|url-status=live|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> A number of literary figures of [[Bengal]] contributed to the Desh magazine in his editorship. Ghosh's notable works are: ''Ekti Perekere Kahini'', ''Sampadoker Boithake'', ''Dandyakaranyar Bagh'' and ''Hirer Nakchhabi''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E7YadsNfe3QC&q=Sagarmoy+Ghosh&pg=PT725|title=Manik and I: My Life with Satyajit Ray|last=Ray|first=Bijoya|date=August 2012|isbn=9788184757507|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320115847/https://books.google.com/books?id=E7YadsNfe3QC&pg=PT725&lpg=PT725&dq=Sagarmoy+Ghosh&source=bl&ots=QAPTxLiF05&sig=WCv5fHwlaNLgm3iJOCbTCI6mim4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_tsP9jfbZAhUFrI8KHYdYAK04HhDoAQhQMAk#v=onepage&q=Sagarmoy%20Ghosh&f=false|archive-date=2018-03-20|url-status=live|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref>

==Awards==
In 1986 he was awarded [[Visva-Bharati University|Viswa Bharati University]]'s highest honour ''Deshikottam''. Ghosh received Calcutta University's first Narayan Gangopadhyay award for his book ''Ekti Pereker Kahini''.<ref name="Basu 2018" /> In 1984 he received [[Ananda Puraskar]] along with [[Sukumar Sen (linguist)|Sukumar Sen]] and [[Bimal Mitra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abp.in/|title=Ananda Purashkar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211015654/https://www.abp.in/|archive-date=2018-02-11|url-status=live|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{ABP Group}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghosh, Sagarmoy}}
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]
[[Category:Journalists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:ABP Group]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:People associated with Santiniketan]]
[[Category:Indian male essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:Indian columnists]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ananda Puraskar]]

K. Laldawngliana

2026-04-25T03:33:06Z

Joy sagar Murmu: Adding the info initial version

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Mizo name|Laldawngliana}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. Laldawngliana
| office = Member of [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Tuirial Assembly constituency|Tuirial]]
| predecessor = [[Andrew H. Thangliana]]
| term_start = 5 November 2021
| birth_date = 16 September 1972
| image = K Laldawngliana.jpg
| caption = K Laldawngliana in 2021
}}
'''K. Laldawngliana''' is an Indian politician who is serving as Member of [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]] from [[Tuirial Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MNF Candidate K Laldawngliana Wins Tuirial Seat |url=https://www.pratidintime.com/national/mizoram-mnf-candidate-k-laldawngliana-wins |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=[[Pratidin Time]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-11-02 |title=Ruling MNF wins Mizoram's Tuirial bypoll |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/mizoram-tuirial-bypoll-result/article37298806.ece |access-date=2022-12-18 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MNF wins Tuirial assembly seat in Mizoram byelection |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/mnf-wins-tuirial-assembly-seat-in-mizoram-byelection/articleshow/87505517.cms |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MLA K. LALDAWNGLIANA SWORN IN TODAY |url=https://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/post/4-tuirial-st-ac-mla-k-laldawngliana-sworn-in-today |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=Directorate of Information & Public Relations, Government of Mizoram |language=en}}</ref> He was reelected from the same constituency as Member of the [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]] in December 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tuirial Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: MNF's K. Laldawngliana with 6610 defeats ZPM's Laltlanmawia |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/tuirial-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2471364-2023-12-04 |website=indiatoday.in |access-date=5 January 2024}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He was born on 16 September 1972.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Member of Legislative Assembly Profile |url=https://www.mizoramassembly.in/members/details/17 |website=[[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]] |access-date=18 December 2022 |archive-date=5 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205195511/https://mizoramassembly.in/members/details/17 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Laldawngliana, K.}}
[[Category:Mizoram MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Mizo National Front politicians]]
[[Category:Mizoram MLAs 2023–2028]]

{{Mizoram-politician-stub}}

Krishan Chander Singh

2026-04-17T21:47:05Z

Joy sagar Murmu: Adding basic bio v1 - done

{{Short description|Indian civil servant and diplomat}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = [[File:KC Singh, ex-Ambassador to UAE and Iran, delivered the Key Note Address during the seminar on Foreign Cooperation Initiatives of Indian Navy.jpg|KC Singh, ex-Ambassador to UAE and Iran, delivered the Key Note Address during the seminar on Foreign Cooperation Initiatives of Indian Navy|250px]]
| office = [[Indian people|Indian]] [[ambassador]] to [[Iran]]
| term_start = 2003
| term_end = 2005
| predecessor =
| successor =
| office1 = [[Indian people|Indian]] [[ambassador]] to [[United Arab Emirates]]
| prime_minister1 =
| term_start1 = 18/03/1999
| term_end1 = 23/08/2003
| predecessor1 = [[M.P.M. Menon]]
| successor1 = [[Sudhir Vyas]]
| office2 =
| prime_minister2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| occupation = [[Diplomat]], [[Ambassador]] [[Indian Foreign Service|IFS]]
| children =
| party =
| alma_mater = [[Panjab University]]
| profession =
| sibling =
| website =
}}
'''K.C. Singh''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[civil servant]] and was the [[Indian people|Indian]] [[ambassador]] to Iran and UAE.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/7918/Shri+Krishan+Chander+Singh+has+been+appointed+as+the+next+Ambassador+of+India+to+Islamic+Republic+of+Iran | title=Krishan Chander Singh, has been appointed as the next Ambassador of India to Islamic Republic of Iran | work=mea.gov.in | access-date=9 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/no-solution-to-kashmir-till-pak-govt-controls-its-army-kc-singh-630731.html | title=No solution to Kashmir till Pak govt controls its Army: KC Singh | work=news18.com | access-date=9 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98oct15/nation.htm#8 | title=PU alumnus is envoy to UAE | work=tribuneindia.com | access-date=9 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/current-affairs/india-can-benefit-greatlypartnershipafrica_3755301.html | title=Former diplomat KC Singh, who has been an ambassador to the United Arab Emirates and then to Iran | work=moneycontrol.com | access-date=9 June 2016}}</ref>

==Career==
He is a 1974 batch officer of the [[Indian Foreign Service]].

==External links==
* [https://www.indembassyuae.org/previous-ambassadors/ Ambassadors of India to UAE]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Iran]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Indian Foreign Service officers]]
[[Category:Spokespersons for the Ministry of External Affairs of India]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Panjab University alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Raghopur, Supaul Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:49:35Z

Joy sagar Murmu: Starting the post first draft...

{{Short description|Former Assembly constituency in Bihar, India}}
{{for|constituency with same name in [[Vaishali district]]|Raghopur Assembly constituency}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Raghopur
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Bihar]]
| district = [[Supaul district|Supaul]]
| division =
| loksabha_cons =
| constituency_no =
| established = 1951
| reservation =
| abolished = 2008
| electors =
}}
'''Raghopur''' or Raghopur-Supaul (Supaul Dist) Vidhan Sabha constituency was an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Supaul district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]].

As a consequence of the orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]], this seat ceased to exist in 2010.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref> But Bihar continues have another constituency by the same name.

==Members of Vidhan Sabha==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Election
!Name of the Member
!colspan=2|Political Party
|-
|1951 || -|| ||-
|-
|1957 || -|| ||-
|-
| 1962|| -|| ||-
|-
| 1967|| A Goit || ||Socialist Party
|-
| 1969|| -|| ||-
|-
| 1972|| -|| || -
|-
| 1977 || Aseshwar Goit || style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" | ||[[Janata Party]]
|-
| 1980|| Amrendra Mishra || style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}" | ||[[Indian National Congress (Indira)]]
|-
| 1985|| Amrendra Mishra || style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" | ||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 1990|| [[Amrendra Mishra]] || style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" | ||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 1995|| [[Lakhan Thakur]] || style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" | ||[[Janata Dal]]
|-
| 2000|| Uday Prakash Goit || style="background-color: {{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}" | ||[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|-
| 2005 (Feb)||[[Neeraj Kumar Singh Bablu|Neeraj Kumar Singh]] (Bablu)|| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}" | ||[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|-
| 2005 (Oct)||[[Neeraj Kumar Singh Bablu|Neeraj Kumar Singh]] (Bablu)<ref name=oct2005poll>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/2005-election-results.html/|title=Bihar Assembly Election Results in 2005|website=Elections in India}}</ref> || style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}" | || [[Janata Dal (United)]]
|-
| 2010 onwards|| Seat does not exist || | ||
|-
|}

==Election results==
===1967 Vidhan Sabha===
* A. Goit (SSP): 21,967 votes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html/|title=Bihar Assembly Election Results in 1967|website=Elections in India}}</ref>
* B.P. Mehta (INC): 17,918 votes

===1977-2004===
In the [[Bihar Assembly Election, Oct 2005|October 2005]] and [[Bihar Assembly Election, Feb 2005|February 2005 state assembly elections]], [[Niraj Kumar Singh]] Bablu of [[Janata Dal (United)]] won the Raghopur assembly seat defeating his nearest rivals [[Jai Vardhan Yadav]] of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] and Md. Zeayuddin of [[Bahujan Samaj Party]], respectively. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Uday Prakash Goit of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] defeated Lakhan Thakur of JD(U) in 2000. Lakhan Thakur of [[Janata Dal]] defeated Amarendra Mishra of Congress in 1995. Amarendra Mishra of Congress defeated Udai Prakash Goit of [[Janata Dal]] in 1990, Aseshwar Goit of [[Lok Dal]] in 1985 and Kumar Sashindra Singh, Independent, in 1980. Asehswar Goit of [[Janata Party]] defeated Amarendra Mishra of Congress in 1977.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S04/partycomp110.htm |title = 110 - Raghopur Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref>

===February 2005 Vidhan Sabha===
* Niraj Kumar Singh 'Bablu' (JD-U): 27,601 votes
* Zeyauddin (BSP)

===October 2005 Vidhan Sabha===
* Niraj Kumar Singh 'Bablu' (JD-U): 45,079 votes<ref name=oct2005poll />
* Jai Vardhan Yadav (INC): 25,691
* Zeyauddin (BSP)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Coord|26.2726500|N|86.8462370|E|display=title|format=dms|}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Kosi Division topics}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of Supaul district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Bihar]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2010]]
[[Category:2010 disestablishments in India]]

Muzaffarnagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:29:58Z

Joy sagar Murmu: creating stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Muzaffarnagar
| map_image = 14-Muzaffarnagar.svg
| mla = [[Kapil Dev Aggarwal]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| preceded_by = [[Chitranjan Swaroop]], [[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|20px]] {{Party index link|Samajwadi Party}}
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Muzaffarnagar]]
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 14
| type = SLA
| incumbent_image = KAPIL_DEV.jpg
| loksabha_cons = [[Muzaffarnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Muzaffarnagar]]
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance |NDA]]
}}

'''Muzaffarnagar Assembly constituency''' is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], India. It is a part of the [[Muzaffarnagar district]] and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Muzaffarnagar Lok Sabha constituency]]. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1951 after the "Delimitation Order" (DPACO-1951) was passed in 1951. In 2008, after the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" was passed, this constituency was assigned identification number 14.<ref name="Delimitation Orders (1951)">{{cite news|title=Delimitation Orders (1951)|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=24 July 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/eci_publications/books/deli/DPACO-51.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= 24 July 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=24 July 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from Assembly constituency|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=24 July 2015|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/muzaffarnagar.html}}</ref>

==Wards and areas==
Extent of Muzaffarnagar Assembly constituency is PCs Bilaspur, Jatmunjhera, Makhiyali, Shernagar, Dhandhera, Bhandoora of Kukra KC & Muzaffarnagar NPP of Muzaffarnagar Tehsil.<ref name=" Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 "/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Muzaffarnagar Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/muzaffarnagar.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| rowspan="2" |Dwaraka Prasad Mittal
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
|[[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Keshav Gupta
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Vishnu Swaroop
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|[[Saeed Murtaza]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Kranti Dal}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]]
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|[[Chitranjan Swaroop]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|[[Malti Sharma]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Vidya Bhushan
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Charushila
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|Somansh Prakash
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| rowspan="2" |Suresh Sangal
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|Susheela Aggarwal
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|[[Chitranjan Swaroop]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|[[Ashok Kumar Kansal]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|[[Chitranjan Swaroop]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|2015^
| rowspan="3" |[[Kapil Dev Agarwal]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Muzaffarnagar<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = '''[[Kapil Dev Aggarwal]]'''
|votes = {{formatnum:111794}}
|percentage = 49.57
|change = {{increase}}4.19
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|candidate = Saurabh Swaroop Bansal
|votes = {{formatnum:93100}}
|percentage = 41.28
|change = {{increase}}38.66
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Puspankar Deepak
|votes = {{formatnum:10733}}
|percentage = 4.76
|change = {{decrease}}5.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Intezar Ansari
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|votes = {{formatnum:3750}}
|percentage = 1.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:675}}
|percentage = 0.3
|change = {{decrease}}0.23
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:18694}}
|percentage = 8.29
|change = {{increase}}3.32
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:225543}}
|percentage = 62.89
|change = {{decrease}}1.6
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = BJP
|loser =
|swing = -
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: [[Muzaffarnagar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = '''[[Kapil Dev Aggarwal]]'''
|votes = {{formatnum:97838}}
|percentage = 45.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Gaurav Swaroop Bansal
|votes = {{formatnum:87134}}
|percentage = 40.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Rakesh Kumar Sharma
|votes = {{formatnum:21038}}
|percentage = 9.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|candidate = Payal Maheshwari
|votes = {{formatnum:5640}}
|percentage = 2.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1133}}
|percentage = 0.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:10704}}
|percentage = 4.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:215602}}
|percentage = 64.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2015===
{{Election box begin | title=[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|U. P. Legislative Assembly By Election, 2015]]: [[Muzaffarnagar]]<ref name="All MLAs from Assembly constituency"/>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = '''[[Kapil Dev Aggarwal]]'''
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = '''65,378'''
|percentage = '''42.05'''
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Gaurav Swaroop Bansal
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 58,026
|percentage = 37.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Mithlesh Pal
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|votes = 14,673
|percentage = 9.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Salman Sayeed
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 10,561
|percentage = 6.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Mohammad Najar
|party = Peace Party of India
|votes = 1,722
|percentage = 1.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = None of the Above
|party = None of the above
|votes = 387
|percentage = 0.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 7,352
|percentage = 4.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,55,467
|percentage = 46.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2012]]: [[Muzaffarnagar]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = '''[[Chitranjan Swaroop]]'''
|votes = '''59,169'''
|percentage = '''34.96'''
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ashok Kumar Kansal]]
|votes = 44,167
|percentage = 26.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Arvind Raj Sharma
|votes = 31,529
|percentage = 18.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Somansh Prakash
|votes = 21,171
|percentage = 12.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Peace Party of India
|candidate = Mohammad Saleem Ansari
|votes = 7,293
|percentage = 4.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 15,002
|percentage = 8.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,69,256
|percentage = 56.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2007===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Muzaffarnagar<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = '''[[Ashok Kumar Kansal]] '''
|votes = '''49,817'''
|percentage = '''49.57'''
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Chitranjan Swaroop]]
|votes = 38,566
|percentage = 41.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Balesh Kumar
|votes = 29,706
|percentage = 4.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Mushtaq Chaudhary
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|votes = 21,871
|percentage = 1.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[S. Saiduzzaman]]
|votes = 7762
|percentage = 0.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 11,261
|percentage = 7.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,56,744
|percentage = 43.12%
|change = {{decrease}}0.90%
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = BJP
|loser =
|swing = -
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2002===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2002]]: [[Muzaffarnagar]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = '''[[Chitranjan Swaroop]]'''
|votes = '''58,932'''
|percentage = '''38.45'''
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Kapil Dev Aggarwal]]
|votes = 49,809
|percentage = 32.50
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Mithlesh Pal
|votes = 32,004
|percentage = 20.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Subhash Maheshwari
|votes = 5552
|percentage = 13.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 9123
|percentage = 5.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,53,273
|percentage = 47.59%
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 1996]]: [[Muzaffarnagar]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = '''Susheela Aggarwal'''
|votes = '''60,696'''
|percentage = '''38.80'''
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal
|candidate = Somansh Prakash
|votes = 53,144
|percentage = 33.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Mithlesh Pal
|votes = 39,903
|percentage = 25.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 7552
|percentage = 4.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,57,825
|percentage = 51.52%
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Janata Dal
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1993===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 1993]]: [[Muzaffarnagar]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = '''Suresh Sangal'''
|votes = '''92,400'''
|percentage = '''52.85'''
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Kadir Rana]]
|votes = 64,683
|percentage = 37.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Rajpal Singh Saini]]
|votes = 7160
|percentage = 4.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 27,717
|percentage = 15.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,77,569
|percentage = 72.36%
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 1991]]: [[Muzaffarnagar]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = '''Suresh Sangal'''
|votes = '''67,997'''
|percentage = '''54.59'''
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Virendra Singh
|votes = 35,830
|percentage = 28.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Subhash Maheshwari
|votes = 13,208
|percentage = 10.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 32,167
|percentage = 25.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,28,441
|percentage = 58.82%
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Janata Dal
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}
*[[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Muzaffarnagar Lok Sabha constituency]]
*[[List of Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Muzaffarnagar district]]
*[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Muzaffarnagar]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Muzaffarnagar district]]

Shomshuklla

2026-04-10T07:25:18Z

Joy sagar Murmu: started basic data basic info

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}


{{Infobox person
| name = Shomshuklla
| image = File:Shomshuklla.JPG
| caption = Shomshuklla in July 2013
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = Kolkata, India
| occupation = Singer, poet, playwright, film Director, actor, theater director
| website ={{url|cuttocut.com}}
}}
'''Shomshuklla''' is an Indian [[film director]], [[Script-writer|script writer]], theatre personality, singer and writer.

==Early life==
Shomshuklla was born in Kolkata to Bengali parents, her father who was a student of [[Rabindranath Tagore]] at Shantiniketan and her mother who was a lecturer. At the age of seven, she joined [[Dakshinee]], an acclaimed music teaching institution to learn the music form '[[Rabindra Sangeet]]'. In 1985, she met Bhaskar Das on a mini bus in [[Kolkata]] and tied the knot with him six months later. The couple had their only child, Uditvanu Das in 1989.
It was in 1990 that she relocated from Kolkata to Ahmedabad and joined Krishnakant Parekh, a disciple of [[Jasraj|Pandit Jasraj]] to study and learn music. In 1995, she left Ahmedabad for Mumbai to embark on her creative career. In Mumbai, she started learning classical music from the renowned Dr. [[Prabha Atre]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Shomshuklla's 10th year of her career|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/others/sunday-read/Super-sonic/articleshow/15863568.cms|work=Mumbai Mirror|date=23 October 2008}}</ref> from the year 1995 onwards. She was a columnist with Asian Age, writing about relationships and also an interior designer, designing eclectic homes.

==Career==

===Music===
Her first Indi Pop was ''Dhin Tara'', produced by Times Music and released in 1998. Her second album ''Raahien'' was released in 2001 and a music video for it was shot in [[Corsica]]. A couple of years later in 2003, Shomshuklla released her first album of remixes titled ‘Glimpse’. Cafe Kalighat (2004) and Kolkata Jam (2006), her fourth and fifth albums, composed of [[Rabindra Sangeet]] fusion into the [[world music]] genre. Electrik was her second last album which released in 2005 and her last album as a singer ‘Sonic Frames’ released in 2008.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sonic Frames by Shomshuklla|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news-releases/sonic-frames-shomshuklla|publisher=RadioandMusic|date=21 October 2008}}</ref> Shomshuklla released 2 [[Bengali language|Bengali]] modern song music albums Mukto Paakhi (2001) and Chuye Jete Moon (2003), as well.

===Poetry===
In 2006, she published poetry with [[Rupa Publications]],<ref name="Shomshuklla as an author with Rupa Publications">{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla as an author with Rupa Publications|url=http://www.rupapublications.co.in/authors/shomshuklla|website=Rupa Publications|ref=2}}</ref> and released her first book ‘I Have Seen That Face Before’.<ref>{{cite news|title=I Have Seen That Face Before by Shomshuklla|url=http://www.youngisthan.in/entertainment-specials/pop-singer-artist-poet-shomshuklla-turns-director/3104|publisher=Youngistan covers Shomshuklla's directorial debut and her first book I Have Seen That Face Before|date=11 October 2013}}</ref> A year later, she wrote her second book of poetry, ‘Close Every Door’<ref>{{cite news|title=Shomshuklla's Interview with Mumbai Mirror|url=http://pragyatiwari.com/miscellaneous/shomshuklla-interview/|publisher=Carried by Pragya Tiwari|date=29 September 2007}}</ref> with Rupa Publications and was launched by Award-winning lyricist and ad man [[Prasoon Joshi]] at Crossword in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news|title=ad man Prasoon Joshi released the book 'Close Every Door' by poet Shomshuklla Das at Crossword|url=http://www.indiantelevision.org.in/release/y2k7/oct/octrel20.php|publisher=IndiaTelevision|date=6 July 2014}}</ref> Shomshuklla's third book of poems ‘Seconds Before Sunrise’ was published in 2009.<ref>{{cite news|title=Seconds Before Sunrise by Shomshuklla: Magic in the Mundane|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/Magic-in-the-mundane/articleshow/4323339.cms|work=The Times of India|date=28 March 2009}}</ref> The honours were done by noted ad-man [[Piyush Pandey]]. Shomshuklla's fifth book of poems, Do Not Stand So Close To Me in 2009, was launched by [[Pritish Nandy]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Do Not Stand So Close To Me by Shomshuklla launched by Pritish Nandy|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/EDU/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=EDU&BaseHref=TOIM%2F2011%2F05%2F23&ViewMode=HTML&PageLabel=29&EntityId=Ar02901&AppName=1|work=Bombay Times|date=23 May 2011}}</ref> During the launch she read some insightful poems about being a mother and her bond with her son. ‘Easy’, the 7th book of poetry by Shomshuklla, was launched in December 2013 at the famous Kitab Khana by [[Brinda Miller]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Shomshuklla launches her 7th book of poetry 'EASY' with Brinda Miller|url=http://newssuperfast.com/2013/12/24/shomshuklla-is-launching-her-7th-book-of-poetry-easy/|publisher=NewsSuperFast|date=24 December 2013}}</ref> the famous canvas artist and lady behind the landmark KalaGhoda Arts Festival in Mumbai. The lucid words are accompanied alongside photographs by ace photographer and award-winning [[Cinematographer]], Ritam Banerjee.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ritam Banerjee Wins Best Cinematography Award for Sandcastle|url=http://www.moviereviewpreview.com/ritam-banerjee-bagged-best-cinematography-award-tenerife-film-festival-movie-sandcastle/13550/|publisher=MovieReviewPreview|date=21 October 2013}}</ref>

Shomshuklla has also written two books of [[Bengali language|Bengali]] poetry, 'Chulta Elomelo'<ref>{{cite news|title=Kolkata gets booked with Shomshuklla's Bengali poetry collection, Chulta Elomelo|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_TOINEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOIKM/2010/02/02&ID=Ar02502|publisher=The Times of India e-paper|date=2 February 2010}}</ref> (2009) in Kolkata and 'Ekti Manusher Khoje' (2012) launched by [[Sahitya Academy award]] winner, [[Bani Basu]] and actor [[Nigel Akkara]] at the [[Kolkata Book Fair]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Shomshuklla's new book of poems 'Ekti Manusher Khoje' launched|url=http://news.lotsbuzz.com/ekti-manusher-khoje-launched/|publisher=Lots Buzz|date=31 January 2013}}</ref>

===Theatre===
Shomshuklla owns a theater company by the name of ‘Kali Theatre’<ref>{{cite news|title=Shomshuklla's Kali Theatre is breaking all boundaries|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/delhi/Kali-Theatres-breaking-all-boundaries/articleshow/11106845.cms|work=The Times of India|date=15 December 2011}}</ref> which was established in 2006. The company staged their first play ‘I Have Gone Marking’<ref>{{cite news|title=Shomshuklla presents her theatre debut at Prithvi Mumbai|url=http://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/Articles/06/nov/15gone_marking.asp|publisher=MumbaiTheatreGuide|date=October 2006}}</ref> to house-full halls at [[Prithvi Theatre]] in [[Mumbai]]. During this time, she also was the first artist to reinvent Rabindra Sangeet for global audiences with Kolkata Jam. Flawless, a three-woman centric story, staged on 2007. Flawless, a three-woman centric story, was staged on 2007. In 2008, she performed her play ‘Sometimes’ in Kolkata to packed houses and just a year later she staged her play ‘Tonight I can write’ with her company Kali Theatre.
This is one of the only theatre companies to have performed at the prestigious Edinburgh Fringe Festival. The play, ‘We Draupadi's and Sitas’<ref>{{cite news|title=Shomshuklla's Kali Theatre: Mythical, womanly voices|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/people/Mythical-womanly-voices/articleshow/9871880.cms|work=The Times of India|date=6 September 2011}}</ref> premiered in 2011 on such a global stage. She continued to stage more plays with her troop such as Queen [[Mandodari]], Roti Kapra Makan and Radio Epic<ref>{{cite news|title=Shomshuklla of Kali Theatre loves being on the forefront|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/music-events/Shomshuklla-of-Kali-Theatre-loves-being-on-the-forefront/articleshow/11104455.cms|work=The Times of India|date=14 December 2011}}</ref> amongst others.
Her latest play, ‘Oh Gandhari, Oh Kunti!’ showcased at the prestigious [[Kala Ghoda Arts Festival]] 2013<ref>{{cite news|title=Oh Gandhari, Oh Kunti at the KalaGhoda Arts Festival|url=http://kalaghodaassociation.com/eventdetails.aspx?subcatid=90&catid=11&id=118|publisher=Kala Ghoda Association}}</ref> held in Mumbai, India.

===Actor===
Shomshuklla starred in the film ''Murals'' in 2018, for which she was nominated as the Best Lead Actress at the Nice International Film Festival in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla nominated at the Nice International Film Festival 2018 for Murals|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-lead-actress-nice-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>

===Films===

Shomshuklla is a self taught art house filmmaker. She started shooting her first feature film in 2012, Sandcastle - and the rest of the films followed.
She has won several international acclaims for her feature films, which have also became part of curriculum at the University of Maryland, film study curriculum. Her films became part of the PhD thesis at the University of Maryland, as well.
An award has been created after her name in Festival in US, Angaelica, to identify new talents, called "The Shom Award".
One of her films, " Light Wraps Me", has been selected in the prestigious Florence Binneale to be part of their program.

Shomshuklla has been appointed as a Jury member for Film Fest International, a group of film festivals based in London.

====Sandcastle (2013)====
''Sandcastle'' was an independent film directed by Shomshuklla, which released in India on 14 March 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Shomshuklla's 'Sandcastle' to release in India in March 2014|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Shomshukllas-Sandcastle-to-release-in-India-in-March/articleshow/28437082.cms|work=The Times of India|date=6 January 2014}}</ref> Conceptualized back in the year 2006, it is the story of Sheila, a home-maker, an aspiring writer and a loving mother. From an outsider's perspective, it would seem like she has the perfect life. Husband being an advertising maverick, she is part of the elite [[upper middle class]] of Indian society.
The concept of Sandcastle reflects one's belief to be able to build a perfect life. The focus of the film is on women in urban India. The face of [[women in India]] has been changing over the ages into a form much more independent and in control of their individual destinies. Through Sandcastle, Shomshuklla aimed to show the two colliding worlds of acceptance and breaking out of the modern Indian woman.

Before its release in India, ''Sandcastle''was nominated in various categories at numerous international film festivals including the Tenerife International Film Festival, London International Film Festival and LA Femme International Feature. Ritam Banerjee's work on Sandcastle won it the best cinematography award at the Tenerife Film Festival.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sandcastle Film Wins Best Cinematography at London International Film Festival|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmovies/article/Sandcastle-Film-Wins-Best-Cinematography-At-London-Liff-And-Will-Screen-At-La-Femme-Film-Fest-On-20th-October-20131020|publisher=BroadwayWorld|date=20 October 2013}}</ref>

In the later part of 2014, the film competed as one of the entries for [[The Academy Awards]], commonly known as The Oscars, from India for the 2015 Academy Awards selection.<ref>{{cite news|title=Shomshuklla's Sandcastle in Oscar race|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-shomshuklla-s-sandcastle-in-oscar-race-2020035|publisher=DNA India|date=20 September 2014}}</ref>

====Chhutii Aar Picnic (Original Title : Picnic) (2013)====
''Chhutii Aar Picnic'' (''A holiday and a picnic'')<ref>{{cite web|title=Picnic by Shomshuklla on IMDB|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3210284/|publisher=IMDb}}</ref> is an upcoming romantic drama directed by Shomshuklla starring Shahana Chatterjee, Uditvanu Das & Sohini Mukherjee Roy. The film is based on Rabindranath Tagore's popular romantic novella, Shesher Kobita,<ref>{{cite news|title=Shomshuklla's next based on Rabindranath Tagore's novella|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/shomshukllas-next-based-on-tagores-novella/|work=The Indian Express|date=7 May 2014}}</ref> one of his most popular novellas. Chhutii Aar Picnic has been nominated for Best Supporting Actor, Best Original Screenplay, Best Director and Best Feature Film categories at the Madrid International Film Festival held in July 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Shomshuklla's second film, Picnic, receives Vancouver honour|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Shomshukllas-second-film-Picnic-receives-Vancouver-honour/articleshow/36011773.cms|work=The Times of India|date=3 June 2014}}</ref>

====Hopscotch (2015)====
''Hopscotch''<ref>{{cite web|title=Hopscotch by Shomshuklla on IMDB|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4634458/|publisher=IMDb}}</ref> is a psychological thriller directed by Shomshuklla. Starring Sohini Mukherjee Roy, Hopscotch tells the story of a young woman who returns home one day to find that a childhood friend, she once lost, is back to play games with her. Hopscotch has received multiple nominations at the recently concluded Madrid International Film Festival, Tenerife International Film Festival and won numerous awards.

====Tiktok Tiktok (2016)====
Starring Mia Maelzer, Uditvanu Das and Sohini Mukherjee Roy, ''Tiktok Tiktok''<ref>{{cite web |title=Tiktok Tiktok (2016) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5553694/ |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> is a surreal romance between a restaurateur and a journalist, directed by Shomshuklla. ''Tiktok Tiktok'' won the award at the Nice International Film Festival for Best Original Screenplay.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}

====White Bee (2016)====
Starring Tanu Kurien Vaswani and Sumanto Chattopadhyay, ''White Bee''<ref>{{cite web|title=White Bee by Shomshuklla on IMDB|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6409648/|publisher=IMDb}}</ref> is a film where a couple meets, after a separation – perhaps for the last time. The woman seems vulnerable, broken by the failed marriage. The man appears blasé about the break-up. If he expresses any doubts, they are about the ability of his wife to cope with the big bad world outside the cocoon of marriage. But as the story unfolds, it emerges that the woman is resilient, and it is he who is vulnerable – and needy of the shelter of their togetherness.

====Mixed Medium (2017)====
The film Mixed Medium [28], starring Teesay, explores the lives of artists as they navigate the contrast between their real and reel lives. It is a journey of how surreal their work and life are, whereas in real life, a simple cup of coffee can enlighten their day. Life full of mixed mediums and a way they live their life, sometimes artistically or sometimes intellectually. They may be in their dream world, full of aspirations but it's the rain that brings them to reality. It's a story of how they rehearse and perform for their stage show, and contradict to that how relax they like to be in their own space. Also, you will get to see how romance and love play a critical role in each day of their lives.

====Flowers and Lap of a Rose (2017)====
Starring Bharat Dabholkar and Ria Patel, ''Flowers and Lap of a Rose''<ref>{{cite web|title=Flowers and Lap of a Rose by Shomshuklla on IMDB|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6716342/|publisher=IMDb}}</ref> is a story of an established poet and the magic of his verse. It's a story of finding a world in your dreams. One odd day something deep and romantic sensation pushed him and he decided to pen a new sonnet. As the poet started writing this new poem he began to sail in a reverie with this charismatic girl of obsession.

====Murals (2017)====
Starring Shomshuklla Das and Sumanto Chattopadhyay, ''Murals''<ref>{{cite web|title=Murals by Shomshuklla on IMDB|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7883456/|publisher=IMDb}}</ref> is the story of a couple who were once lovers, meet in a resort after few years by chance. It is a mixed feeling of emotions. They went through the reason of their breakup and are eager to know about what would have happened in all these years of parting and are in a dilemma whether to get back into the relationship again.

====The Bird (2018)====
''The Bird''<ref>{{cite web|title=The Bird by Shomshuklla on IMDB|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8462128/|publisher=IMDb}}</ref> is a story of a successful corporate woman, who suddenly realised the futility of her corporate life and plans to get back to her family.

====Bunch Of Grapes (2018)====
Starring Catherine Black and Sharmila Roy Choudhury, ''Bunch of Grapes''<ref>{{cite web|title=Bunch Of Grapes by Shomshuklla on IMDB|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9284388/|publisher=IMDb}}</ref> is a story of a mother and daughter. It is always unique how the relationship evolves between these two women characters. The relationship between two is complicated. It is never beautiful, but it is never too toxic. Have created difficulties between the two. No mother is happy with their daughters and vice versa.

====Light Wraps Me (2019)====
Starring Lipi Goyal and Archana Singh, ''Light Wraps Me''<ref>{{cite web|title=Light Wraps Me by Shomshuklla on IMDB|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10703806/|publisher=IMDb}}</ref> tells a story about how men are a gregarious animal. They have a different passion to live and absorb life. The film also builds the journey and characters of 3 women in search of love, life and existence in the form of their freedom and independence.

====Aaedon (2020)====
''Aaedon''<ref>{{cite web|title=Aaedon by Shomshuklla on IMDB|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11895450/|publisher=IMDb}}</ref> tells the story of the eternal search of love, life and spirituality. A mother talks about the intricacies of life to her young daughter, who blissfully listens to her discourse while playing her violin, through which she searches for her spirituality. It stars Adeon Young and Alexandria Cook.

====When I, I love you (2020)====
''When I,I love you'' <ref>{{cite web|title=When I, I love you by Shomshuklla on IMDB|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11895302/|publisher=IMDb}}</ref> is the story of a writer who is writing his novel of the same name. He is wanting to be with his beloved who is totally indifferent to his presence and dwells in a world of illusion. The writer urges to her return to his love and life.

====Mount Umer (2021)====
''Mount Umer'' is a story of a girl, who is waiting for her lover, to come and take care of her. She met with her accident when she was with her lover, and she has gone paralyzed. Her lover is a doctor who is researching on the new method of medical science to cure such patients. It's a love story, of a girl waiting for her doctor lover.

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Films Directed !! Notes
|-
| 2013 || Sandcastle || '''Tenerife International Film Festival'''
* Won: Best Cinematography (Ritam Banerjee)<ref>{{cite web|title=Sandcastle Best Cinematography Winner at the Tenerife International Film Festival|work=Tenerife International Film Festival |url=http://tenerifeiff.com/tenerife-iff-winners-list-2013/}}</ref>
* Nominated: Sandcastle – Best Cinematography, Best Supporting Actor, Best Female Lead, Best Feature Film
 
'''London International Film Festival'''
* Nominated: Best Foreign Language Feature, Best Director of a Foreign Language Feature, Best Original Story, Best Cinematography<ref>{{cite news|title=Women-Centered Indian Film 'Sandcastle' Scores Nominations at the London International Film Festival (LIFF)|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/sydneylevine/indian-women-film-sandcastle-nominated-in-five-categories-at-the-london-international-film-festival-liff-2013-international-film-business|publisher=IndiWire|date=29 September 2013}}</ref>
 
'''LA Femme International Feature''': Official Selection<ref>{{cite web|title=Sandcastle nominated at the LA Femme International Film Festival|url=http://www.lafemme.org/features-2013/|website=lafemme.org |date=20 September 2013 }}</ref> 
 
'''Madrid International Film Festival'''
* Nominated: Best Story, Best Foreign Language Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Sandcastle nominations at the Madrid International Film Festival|url=http://www.madridinternationalfilmfestival.com/?s=sandcastle|website=madridinternationalfilmfestival.com}}</ref>
 
'''Mexico International Film Festival'''
* Won: 2015 Bronze Palm Award – First Time Filmmaker<ref>{{cite web|title=Sandcastle wins award for First Time Filmmaker at the Mexico International Film Festival|url=http://www.mexicofilmfestival.com/2015-winners|website=mexicofilmfestival.com/}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || Chhutii Aar Picnic (Changed from original name : Picnic) || '''Madrid International Film Festival'''
* Won: Best Cinematography
* Nominated: Best Original Screenplay of a Foreign Language Film, Best Supporting Actor (Female), Best Cinematography, Best Lead Actor (Male), Best Directing of a Foreign Language Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Picnic nominations at the Madrid International Film Festival|url=http://www.madridinternationalfilmfestival.com/?s=picnic|website=madridinternationalfilmfestival.com}}</ref>
 
'''Columbia Gorge International Film Festival'''
* Won: Best Cinematography<ref>{{cite web|title=Chhutii Aar Picnic wins award for Best Cinematography at the Columbia Gorge International Film Festival|url=http://www.angaelica.com/festivals/history/2014cgiff/|website=angaelica.com}}</ref>
 
'''International Filmmaker Festival of World Cinema'''
* Won: Best Male Lead (Uditvanu Das) in a Foreign Language Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Chhutii Aar Picnic wins award for Best Male Lead in a Foreign Language Film at the International Filmmaker Festival of World Cinema|url=http://www.filmmakerfestival.com/winners-2015/|website=filmmakerfestival.com}}</ref>
 
'''Mexico International Film Festival'''
* Won: 2015 Bronze Palm Award – Narrative Feature Competition<ref>{{cite web|title=Picnic wins award for Narrative Feature Competition at the Mexico International Film Festival|url=http://www.mexicofilmfestival.com/2015-winners|website=mexicofilmfestival.com/}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || Hopscotch || '''St. Tropez & Nice International Film Festival'''
* Won: Best Original Screenplay for a Foreign Language Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Hopscotch wins at the St. Tropez & Nice International Film Festival|url=http://www.sttropezinternationalfilmfestival.com/2015-winners/|website=sttropezinternationalfilmfestival.com}}</ref>
 
'''Mexico International Film Festival'''
* Won: 2015 Golden Palm – Best Narrative Feature<ref>{{cite web|title=Hopscotch wins award for Best Narrative Feature at the Mexico International Film Festival|url=http://www.mexicofilmfestival.com/2015-winners|website=mexicofilmfestival.com/}}</ref>
 
'''Milan International Film Festival'''
* Won: Best Actress, Sohini Mukherjee Roy<ref>{{cite news|title=Shomshuklla Das' film wins an award at the Italy International Film Festival|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=18 November 2015 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Shomshuklla-Das-film-wins-an-award-at-the-Italy-International-Film-Festival/articleshow/49816267.cms}}</ref>
 
'''International Filmmaker Festival of World Cinema'''
* Won: Best Actress, Sohini Mukherjee Roy<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das' film wins an award at the International Filmmaker Festival of World Cinema|work=Film Fest International |date=8 November 2015 |url=http://filmfestinternational.com/milan-iff-2015-filmmaker-award-winners/}}</ref>
 
'''Tenerife International Film Festival'''
* Won: Best Actress, Sohini Mukherjee Roy<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das' film wins an award at the Tenerife International Film Festival|url=http://filmfestinternational.com/london-iff-2016-filmmaker-award-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com/|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529150919/http://filmfestinternational.com/london-iff-2016-filmmaker-award-winners/|archivedate=29 May 2016}}</ref>
 
'''Columbia Gorge International Film Festival'''
* Won: Most Ambitious Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Hopscotch wins for Most Ambitious Feature Film|url=http://www.angaelica.com/festivals/history/2015cgiff/}}</ref>
 
'''International Horror Hotel Festival'''
* Won: Suspense – Thriller Award<ref>{{cite web|title=Hopscotch wins award for Suspense – Thriller at the International Horror Hotel Festival|url=http://www.horrorhotel.net/page8.php|website=horrorhotel.net/}}</ref>
 
'''Berlin International Film Festival'''
* Won: Best Original Screenplay of a Foreign Language Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Hopscotch wins award for Best Original Screenplay|url=http://filmfestinternational.com/berlin-iff-2016-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com/ |date=3 November 2016 }}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || TikTok || '''St. Tropez & Nice International Film Festival'''
* Won: Best Original Screenplay of a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Tik Tok wins at the St. Tropez & Nice International Film Festival|url=http://filmfestinternational.com/nice-iff-2016-awards-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref>
 
'''Milan International Film Festival 2016'''
* Won: Best Editing of a feature film<ref>{{cite web|title=Tik Tok wins award for Best Editing of a Feature Film|url=http://filmfestinternational.com/milan-iff-2016-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com |date=7 December 2016 }}</ref>
 
'''Festival Angaelica 2016'''
* Won: International Experimental Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Tik Tok wins award for International Experimental Film|url= http://www.angaelica.com/festivals/history/2016cgiff/ |website=angaelica.com/}}</ref>
 
'''Columbia Gorge International Film Festival 2016'''
* Won: International Experimental Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Tik Tok wins award for International Experimental Film|url=http://www.angaelica.com/festivals/history/2016cgiff/|website=angaelica.com}}</ref>
 
'''London IFF 2017'''
* Official Selection: Best Original Screenplay of a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Tik Tok gets officially selected for Best Original Screenplay of a Feature Film at London IFF 2017|url=http://filmfestinternational.com/best-original-screenplay-of-a-feature-film-london-iff-2017/|website=filmfestinternational.com |date=18 December 2016 }}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || White Bee || '''Madrid International Film Festival'''
* Won: Best Actress, Tanu Kurien Vaswani<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das' film wins an award at the Madrid International Film Festival|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/madrid-2017-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''Milan International Film Festival 2017'''
* Nominated: Best Original Screenplay of a Feature Film,<ref>{{cite web|title=White Bee nominated for Best Original Screenplay of a Feature Film |url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-original-screenplay-of-a-feature-film-milan-2017/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref> Best Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=White Bee gets nominated for Best Feature Film at Milan IFF 2017|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-feature-film-milan-2017/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''London International Film Festival 2018'''
* Nominated: Best Story,<ref>{{cite web|title=White Bee nominated for Best Story at the London International Film Festival in 2018|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-story-london-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref> Best Lead Actor<ref>{{cite web|title=Shumanto ChattoPadhyay gets nominated for Best Lead Actor for White Bee at London IFF 2018|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-lead-actor-london-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''Mexico International Film Festival 2018'''
* Won: Golden Palm Award<ref>{{cite web|title=White Bee wins Golden Palm Award 2018 |url= http://www.mexicofilmfestival.com/2018-winners|website=mexicofilmfestival.com/}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || Mixed Medium || '''Milan International Film Festival 2017'''
* Won: Best Editing of a Feature Film, Priyank Yadav<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das' film wins an award at the Madrid International Film Festival|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/milan-2017-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
* Nominated: Best Film,<ref>{{cite web|title=Mixed Medium nominated for Best Film at the Milan International Film Festival 2017 |url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-film-milan-2017/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref> Best Director,<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla gets nominated for Best Director at the Milan International Film Festival 2017 |url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-director-milan-2017/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref> Best Lead Actress, Lipi Goyal,<ref>{{cite web|title=Lipi Goyal nominated for Best Actress in Mixed Medium |url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-lead-actress-milan-2017/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref> Best Cinematography in a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Ritam Banerjee & Ashish Singh get nominated at the Milan International Film Festival |url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-cinematography-in-a-feature-film-milan-2017/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''London International Film Festival 2018'''
* Won: Best Original Screenplay of a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das' film wins an award at the London International Film Festival|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/london-filmmaker-festival-2018-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
* Nominated: Best Original Screenplay,<ref>{{cite web|title=Mixed Medium nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the London International Film Festival 2018 |url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-original-screenplay-of-a-feature-film-london-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref> Best Cinematography,<ref>{{cite web|title=Ritam Banerjee & Ashish Singh nominated for Best Cinematography at the London International Film Festival 2018 |url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-cinematography-in-a-feature-film-london-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref> Best Feature Film,<ref>{{cite web|title=Mixed Medium nominated for Best Film at the London International Film Festival 2018 |url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-feature-film-london-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref> Best Supporting Actress,<ref>{{cite web|title=Swagata Naik nominated for Best Actress at the London International Film Festival 2018 |url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-supporting-actress-london-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref> Best Lead Actress<ref>{{cite web|title=Lipi Goyal nominated for Best Lead Actress at the London International Film Festival 2018 |url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-lead-actress-london-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''Nice International Film Festival 2018'''
* Nominated: Best Original Screenplay,<ref>{{cite web|title=Mixed Medium nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Nice International Film Festival 2018 |url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-original-screenplay-of-a-feature-film-nice-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref> Best Feature Film,<ref>{{cite web|title=Mixed Medium nominated for Best Film at the Nice International Film Festival 2018 |url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-feature-film-nice-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref> Best Original Score,<ref>{{cite web|title=Mixed Medium nominated for Best Original Score at the Nice International Film Festival 2018 |url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-original-score-nice-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref> Best Cinematography,<ref>{{cite web|title=Ritam Banerjee & Ashish Singh get nominated at the Nice International Film Festival 2018 |url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-cinematography-in-a-feature-film-nice-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref> Best Lead Actress<ref>{{cite web|title=Lipi Goyal nominated for Best Lead Actress at the London International Film Festival 2018 |url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-lead-actress-nice-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || Flowers and a Lap of Rose|| '''London International Film Festival 2017'''
* Nominated: Best Feature Film,<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das' film nominated at the London International Film Festival|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-feature-film-london-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref> Best Cinematography in a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das' film nominated at the London International Film Festival|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-cinematography-in-a-feature-film-london-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref>
 
'''Amsterdam International Film Festival 2018'''
* Won: Best Director<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the Amsterdam International Film Festival|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/amsterdam-iff-2018-full-winners-list/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
* Nominated: Best Original Screenplay of a Feature Film,<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das' film nominated at the Amsterdam International Film Festival|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-original-screenplay-of-a-feature-film-amsterdam-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref> Best Editing of a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title= Shomshuklla Das' film nominated at the Amsterdam International Film Festival|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-editing-of-a-feature-film-amsterdam-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''Madrid International Film Festival 2018'''
* Won: Best Director<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the Amsterdam International Film Festival|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/amsterdam-iff-2018-full-winners-list/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
* Nominated: Best Director,<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das' film nominated at the Amsterdam International Film Festival|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-director-madrid-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref> Best Cinematography<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das' film nominated at the Amsterdam International Film Festival|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-cinematography-in-a-feature-film-madrid-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''Berlin International Film Festival 2017'''
* Won: Best Costume<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das' film wins an award at the Berlin International Film Festival|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/berlin-2017-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''Festival Angaelica 2017'''
* Won: Legacy Award – The Shom Award<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das' wins a Legacy award named after her at Festival Angaelica|url= http://www.angaelica.com/festivals/history/2017festival/|website=angaelica.com/}}</ref>
 
'''Mexico International Film Festival 2018'''
* Won: Golden Palm Award for Narrative Feature <ref>{{cite web|title= Flowers and a Lap Of Rose wins Golden Palm Award 2018 |url= http://www.mexicofilmfestival.com/2018-winners|website=mexicofilmfestival.com/}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || Murals|| '''London International Film Festival 2017'''
* Nominated: Best Director,<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das' film nominated at the London International Film Festival 2018|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-director-london-iff-2018/ |website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref> Best Editing<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das' film nominated at the London International Film Festival 2018|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-editing-of-a-feature-film-london-iff-2018/|website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref>
 
'''Madrid International Film Festival 2018'''
* Won: Best Cinematography<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the Madrid International Film Festival|url= http://www.madridinternationalfilmfestival.com/madrid-madrid-asia-2018-full-winners-list/|website=madridinternationalfilmfestival.com/}}</ref>
 
'''Nice International Film Festival 2018'''
* Won: Best Editing of a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the Nice International Film Festival|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/nice-2018-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || The Bird|| '''Nice International Film Festival 2019'''
* Won: Best Original Screenplay of a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das' film 'The Bird' wins at the Nice International Film Festival 2019|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/nice-iff-2019-winners/ |website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref>
 
'''Madrid International Film Festival 2019'''
* Nominated: Best Editing of a Feature Film,<ref>{{cite web|title=The Bird nominated at the Madrid International Film Festival 2019|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-editing-of-a-feature-film-madrid-iff-2019/|website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref> Best Cinematography in a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=The Bird nominated at the Madrid International Film Festival 2019|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-cinematography-in-a-feature-film-madrid-iff-2019/|website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || Bunch Of Grapes|| '''London International Film Festival 2019'''
* Won: Best Editing of a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das' film 'Bunch Of Grapes' wins at the London International Film Festival 2019|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/london-iff-2019-winners/ |website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref>
* Nominated: Best Director,<ref>{{cite web|title=Bunch of Grapes nominated at the London International Film Festival 2019|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/tag/london-iff-2019-nominations/ |website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref> Best Editing of a Feature Film,<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das' film nominated at the London International Film Festival 2019|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-editing-of-a-feature-film-london-iff-2019/|website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref> Best Cinematography in a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Bunch of Grapes film nominated at the London International Film Festival 2019|url= http://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-cinematography-in-a-feature-film-london-iff-2019/|website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref>
 
'''Mexico International Film Festival 2019'''
* Won: Best Director<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the Mexico International Film Festival|url= https://www.mexicofilmfestival.com/2019-winners|website=mexicofilmfestival.com/}}</ref>
 
'''Madrid International Film Festival 2019'''
* Nominated: Best Editing of a Feature Film,<ref>{{cite web|title=Bunch Of Grapes nominated at the Madrid International Film Festival 2019|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-editing-of-a-feature-film-madrid-iff-2019/|website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref> Best Story<ref>{{cite web|title=Bunch of Grapes film nominated at the Madrid International Film Festival 2019|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-story-madrid-iff-2019/|website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref>
 
'''Milan International Film Festival 2019'''
* Nominated: Best Editing of a Foreign Language Feature Film,<ref>{{cite web|title=Bunch Of Grapes nominated at the Milan International Film Festival 2019|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-editing-of-a-foreign-language-feature-film-milan-iff-2019/|website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref> Best Story<ref>{{cite web|title=Bunch of Grapes film nominated at the Milan International Film Festival 2019|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-story-milan-iff-2019/|website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || Light Wraps Me|| '''Madrid International Film Festival 2019'''
* Won: Best Visual Effects<ref>{{cite web|title=Light Wraps Me nominated at the Madrid International Film Festival 2019|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/madrid-iff-2019-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref>
* Nominated: Best Set Design<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das' film, Light Wraps Me, nominated at the Madrid International Film Festival 2019|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-set-design-madrid-iff-2019/|website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref>
 
'''Milan International Film Festival 2019'''
* Won: Best Original Score<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the Milan International Film Festival 2019|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/milan-iff-2019-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
* Nominated: Best Original Score,<ref>{{cite web|title=Light Wraps Me nominated at the Milan International Film Festival 2019|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-original-score-milan-iff-2019/|website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref> Best Hair, Makeup & Body Design<ref>{{cite web|title=Light Wraps Me film nominated at the Milan International Film Festival 2019|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-hair-makeup-body-design-milan-iff-2019/|website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref>
 
'''London International Film Festival 2020'''
* Nominated: Best Costume,<ref>{{cite web|title=Light Wraps Me nominated for Best Costume at the London International Film Festival 2020 |url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-costume-london-iff-2020/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref> Best Visual Effects,<ref>{{cite web|title=Light Wraps Me nominated for Best Visual Effects at the London International Film Festival 2020 |url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-visual-effects-london-iff-2020/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref> Best Original Score,<ref>{{cite web|title=Light Wraps Me nominated for Best Original Score at the London International Film Festival 2020 |url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-original-score-london-iff-2020/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref> Best Set Design<ref>{{cite web|title=Light Wraps Me nominated for Best Set Design at the London International Film Festival 2020 |url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/best-set-design-london-iff-2020/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || Aaedon || '''London International Film Festival 2020'''
* Won: Best Original Score<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the London International Film Festival 2020|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/london-iff-2020-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''Nice International Film Festival 2020'''
* Won: Best Cinematography in a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the Nice International Film Festival 2020 for Aaedon|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/nice-iff-2020-winners-online-edition/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''Antwerp International Film Festival 2020'''
* Won: Best Cinematography in a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the Antwerp International Film Festival 2020 for Aaedon|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/antwerp-iff-2020-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''Festival Angelica 2020'''
* Won: Best International Experimental Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at Festival Angelica 2020 for Aaedon|url= http://www.angaelica.com/festivals/history/2020festival/}}</ref>
 
'''Milan International Film Festival 2021'''
* Won: Best Editing of a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the Milan International Film Festival 2021 for Aaedon|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/milan-iff-2021-winners/}}</ref>
 
'''World Independent Cinema Awards 2021'''
* Won: Best Editing of a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the World Independent Cinema Awards 2021 for Aaedon|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/world-independent-cinema-awards-2021-winners/}}</ref>
* Won: Best Original Screenplay of a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the World Independent Cinema Awards 2021 for Aaedon|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/wica-2021-winners/}}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || When I, I love you || '''Madrid International Film Festival'''
* Won: Best Editing of a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=When I, I love you wins at the Madrid International Film Festival in 2020|url=https://www.filmfestinternational.com/madrid-iff-2020-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com/}}</ref>
 
'''Antwerp International Film Festival 2020'''
* Won: Best Sound Design<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the Antwerp International Film Festival 2020 for When I, I Love You|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/antwerp-iff-2020-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''Milan International Film Festival 2021'''
* Won: Best Lead Actress, Sarah Ahmed<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Ahmed wins an award at the Milan International Film Festival 2021 for When I, I Love You by Shomshuklla|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/milan-iff-2021-winners/}}</ref>
 
'''Edinburgh IFF 2022'''
* Won: Best Hair, Makeup & Costume<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the Edinburgh IFF 2022 for When I, I Love You|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/edinburgh-iff-2022-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''Paris IFF 2022'''
* Won: Best Editing of an English Language Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the Paris IFF 2022 for When I, I Love You|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/paris-iff-2022-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''WICA 2025'''
* Won: Best Editing<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the WICA 2025 for When I, I Love You|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/wica-july-2025-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
* Won: The Best Director Short Movie<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the World Independent Cinema Awards 2025 for When I, I Love You|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/wica-july-2025-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
|-
| 2021 || Mount Umer || '''London International Film Festival 2021'''
* Won: Best Lead Actor<ref>{{cite web|title=Iti Pawar wins Best Actor at the London International Film Festival in 2021 for Mount Umer|url=https://www.filmfestinternational.com/london-iff-2021-winners/}}</ref>
* Won: Best Cinematography in a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Wins Best Cinematography at London International Film Festival in 2021 for Mount Umer|url=https://www.filmfestinternational.com/london-iff-2021-winners/}}</ref>
 
'''Nice International Film Festival 2021'''
* Won: Best Cinematography in a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla wins an award at the Nice International Film Festival 2021 for Mount Umer|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/nice-iff-2021-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''Madrid International Film Festival 2021'''
* Won: Best Set Design in a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla wins an award at the Madrid International Film Festival 2021 for Mount Umer|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/madrid-iff-2021-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''Milan International Film Festival 2021'''
* Won: Best Set Design in a Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla wins an award at the Milan International Film Festival 2021 for Mount Umer|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/milan-iff-2021-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''Antwerp International Film Festival 2021'''
* Won: Iti Pawar for Outstanding Actress in an English Language Feature Film<ref>{{cite web|title=Iti Pawar wins an award at the Antwerp International Film Festival 2021 for Mount Umer|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/antwerp-iff-2021-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''Edinburgh IFF 2022'''
* Won: Best Cinematography<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the Edinburgh IFF 2022 for Mount Umer|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/edinburgh-iff-2022-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''Canterbury IFF 2022'''
* Won: Best Cinematography<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the Canterbury IFF 2022 for Mount Umer|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/canterbury-iff-2022-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''Paris IFF 2022'''
* Won: Best Music<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the Paris IFF 2022 for Mount Umer|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/paris-iff-2022-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''Barcelona IFF 2022'''
* Won: Best Editing<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the Barcelona IFF 2022 for Mount Umer|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/barcelona-iff-2022-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
* Won: Best Sound Design<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award for Best Sound Design at the Barcelona IFF 2022 for Mount Umer|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/barcelona-iff-2022-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''Rome FFI 2022'''
* Won: Best Editing<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the Rome FFI 2022 for Mount Umer|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/rome-ffi-2022-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
 
'''World International Cinema Award (WICA), Edinburgh. 2023'''
* Won: Best Sound Design<ref>{{cite web|title=Shomshuklla Das wins an award at the WICA 2023 for Mount Umer|url= https://www.filmfestinternational.com/wica-2023-winners/|website=filmfestinternational.com}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || Lifetime Achievement Award || '''Madrid International Film Festival'''
*Shomshuklla received a Lifetime Achievement Award from Madrid International Film Festival jury for her work in art house films.
|}

==Artistic Style and Themes ==
Shomshuklla is a self taught film director. In the initial years of filmmaking she was highly influenced by Alphonso, Jean Luc Godard, Almodovar, kieslowski, [[David Cronenberg]], Chaplin, [[Satyajit Ray]], Inger Bergman and Polanski.
Her first feature film, Sandcastle was compared to the style of Terence Mallick. She likes to move very slowly with the audience and create a connect with them. Her second film, had the style of Ray and Bergman, music and the feeling of space.
In all of her films, music plays an important role. Third film, Hopscotch had a deep impression of Polanski, his style of fear and little touch of Hitchcock. Not only that, she used only one actor to tell the full story. Fourth film, TikTok TikTok, had a great impression of Godard. In this film onwards she introduced her style of voice sound mix, which became her signature style.
 
She introduced, no sync dialogues to create the feeling of playing with sounds - As she was influenced by Chaplin, thus did a silent film which is erotic in nature. She is a great believer of breaking all rules and creating one's own. In her film, The Bird, she shot with stills and video, thus using the oldest art form to tell her story, in a single space. The style that she used in many of her films.
 
She repeated her scenes in film, to break the stereotype, like in Flowers and the lap of rose. In the film, Mixed medium, she used the same dialogue with different actors to enact it differently, thus creating a unique style. She is versatile and unique.

==Books==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year of Launch !! Name of Poetry Book
|-
| 2006 || I Have Seen That Face Before
|-
| 2007 || Close Every Door
|-
| 2009 || Seconds Before Sunrise
|-
| 2010 || Chul Ta Elomelo
|-
| 2011 || Do Not Stand So Close To Me
|-
| 2012 || Ekta Manusher Khoje
|-
| 2013 || Easy
|}

==Music albums==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year of Launch !! Album name !! Notes
|-
| 1998 || Dhin Tara || [http://mio.to/album/21-Hindi_Pop__Rock/27707-Sonic_Frames/#/album/21-Hindi_Pop__Rock/3969-Dhin_Tara/ Hear the music]
|-
| 2001 || Raahein || [http://mio.to/album/21-Hindi_Pop__Rock/27707-Sonic_Frames/#/album/21-Hindi_Pop__Rock/4263-Raahein/ Hear the music]
|-
| 2001 || Mukto Paakhi || Free bird (Bengali to English Translation). Shomshuklla's second Bengali modern songs album.
|-
| 2003 || Glimpse || [http://mio.to/album/21-Hindi_Pop__Rock/27707-Sonic_Frames/#/album/32-Hindi_Remix/28397-Glimpse/ Hear the music]
|-
| 2003 || Chuye Jete Moon || The Inner Rhythm (Bengali to English Translation). Shomshuklla's first Bengali modern songs album.
|-
| 2004 || Café Kalighat || Shomshuklla's first album with Rabindra Sangeet fusion into the world music genre.
|-
| 2006 || Kolkata Jam || Shomshuklla's second album with Rabindra Sangeet fusion into the world music genre.
|-
| 2006 || Electrik || [http://mio.to/album/21-Hindi_Pop__Rock/27707-Sonic_Frames/#/album/21-Hindi_Pop__Rock/4330-Electrik/ Hear the music]
|-
| 2008 || Sonic Frames || [http://mio.to/album/21-Hindi_Pop__Rock/27707-Sonic_Frames/#/album/21-Hindi_Pop__Rock/27707-Sonic_Frames/ Hear the music]
|}

==Plays==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year of Launch !! Name of Play !! Notes
|-
| 2006 || I Have Gone Marking ||
|-
| 2007 || Flawless ||
|-
| 2008 || Sometimes ||
|-
| 2009 || Tonight I Can Write ||
|-
| 2010 || We Draupadis & Sitas || Performed at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival<ref>{{cite web|title=Kali Theatre at the Edinburgh Festival|url=http://edinburghfestival.list.co.uk/event/227526-we-draupadis-and-sitas/}}</ref>
|-
| 2011 || Queen Mandodari ||
|-
| 2011 || Radio Epic ||
|-
| 2012 || Roti Kapra Makaan ||
|-
| 2013 || Oh Gandhari, Oh Kunti ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women film directors]]
[[Category:Indian women screenwriters]]
[[Category:Indian stage actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian women pop singers]]
[[Category:Women writers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Singers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Film directors from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kolkata]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Women musicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Joshua Newton (writer)

2026-04-09T19:24:23Z

Joy sagar Murmu: Adding first pg from scratch - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Joshua Newton
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1969|08|02}}
| birth_place = Kerala, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| othername =
| occupation = Founder of The Bliss Work®, Editor of The Bliss Work Magazine, Wisdom Teacher, Author, Screenwriter, Filmmaker, Storyteller
| years_active =
| domesticpartner =
| website = {{URL|Blisswork.org}}
| awards =
}}

'''Joshua Newton''' (born 1969 in [[Kerala]], [[India]]) is a contemplative writer based in India. A former [[journalist]], Newton is also a [[screenwriter]] and an author of spiritual fiction and creative non-fiction.

==Biography==
Joshua Newton is an international award-winning contemplative writer based in India. Two of his screenplays, ''[[Ritu (2009 film)|Ritu]]'' and ''Offseason'' ([[Kerala Cafe]]) were made into films by the national award-winning filmmaker [[Shyamaprasad]] in India (former in Malayalam and Telugu and latter in Malayalam).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/52058/ |title=തിരക്കഥയിലെ ജോഷ്വാ ന്യൂട്ടണ്‍ , Interview - Mathrubhumi Movies |accessdate=2013-12-19 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219055835/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/52058/ |archivedate=19 December 2013 }}</ref>

His non-fiction and journalism have appeared in over 60 publications around the world.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=http://www.heraldofindia.com/achiever.php?month=09&year=2009 |title=The Herald of India |access-date=12 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924025725/http://www.heraldofindia.com/achiever.php?month=09&year=2009 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> His first book of creative nonfiction, ''The Book of People: Ten Life Reports From India'' explores lives of ten 'ordinary' Indians in the grand tradition of [[Joseph Mitchell (writer)|Joseph Mitchell]] and [[John McPhee]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Book of People |url=https://www.amazon.com/Book-People-Life-Tales-India-ebook/dp/B00JF4YFAI |website=[[amazon.com]]}}</ref>

His book ''Soul Biscuits : Tiny Bites For Truthful Living'' was published on Amazon by Bodhy Studios.<ref>{{cite book |title=Soul Biscuits: Tiny Bites For Truthful Living |url=https://www.amazon.com/Soul-Biscuits-Truthful-Living-inspirational-ebook/dp/B075ZSQW1P/ |via=[[amazon.com]]|date=27 September 2017 }}</ref> Reviewers describe Newton's spiritual thriller 'The Boy on the Blue Mountain' as 'engrossing', and 'magical'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/57247008-the-boy-on-the-blue-mountain|title=Goodreads Reviews}}</ref>

He is also the recipient of 2005 Evangelical Press Association award (second) in Interview Article section for "She Chose to Forgive", the feature story on [[Gladys Staines]] published in ''[[Charisma (magazine)|Charisma]]'' magazine,<ref>{{cite web |title=Awards |url=http://www.epassoc.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32:2005-winners&catid=91:awards&Itemid=170 |website=epassoc.org| date=2 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=She Chose to Forgive |url=http://charismamag.com/index.php/features2/395-unsung-heroes/9602-she-chose-to-forgive |website=[[Charisma Magazine]] |language=en}}</ref> and the 2004 Luis Valtuena VII International Humanitarian Photography Award (Special Prize) from [[Médicos del Mundo]] a major global NGO based in Spain. He is the first Asian to win these honours.<ref name="auto"/>

His critically acclaimed short story, Taj Mahal, was published by [[Rupa & Co.|Rupa Publications]] in the collection of modern Indian fiction named Why We Don't Talk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/101409/no-false-promises.html|title=No false promises|date=2 October 2010|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref>

Before turning full-time to creative writing, he worked fourteen years as a journalist and reported from India for over 60 print and web publications around the world. He has also been the features editor of ''[[Men's Health]]'' (India), ''[[UAE Digest]]'' (Dubai Media City), a rewrite editor with ''[[Business World]]'', and the coordinating editor of ''[[New Indian Express]]'' (Kerala).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://joshuanewtonn.blogspot.com/ |title=Joshua Newtonn |accessdate=2010-10-16 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708044340/http://joshuanewtonn.blogspot.com/ |archivedate= 8 July 2011 }}</ref> Over the two decades he has written on a wide variety of themes ranging from underworld goon to Indian textiles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/kerala-writer-hosts-online-face-and-book-festival-literature-123455|title=Kerala writer hosts online 'Face and Book Festival' of literature|website=The News Minute|date=27 April 2020 }}</ref>

He currently runs The Bliss Commune to teach the Science of Being based on ''[[A Course in Miracles]]'' and edits ''[[The Bliss Work® Magazine]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blisswork.org/courses|title=Our Mentor|website=The Bliss Work®}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/aug/03/slide-show-1-joshua-newtonn-on-rithu.htm Rediff.com interview]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924025725/http://www.heraldofindia.com/achiever.php?month=09&year=2009 Herald of India interview]
*[http://www.ritumovie.com/4.html Ritu film website]
*[http://www.deccanherald.com/content/101409/no-false-promises.html Deccan Herald review of Why We Don't Talk]
*[https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/kerala-writer-hosts-online-face-and-book-festival-literature-123455 Kerala writer hosts online ‘Face and Book Festival’ of literature]
*[https://atonist.org/courses Our Mentor]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Newton, Joshua}}
[[Category:Screenwriters from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:A Course in Miracles]]
[[Category:New Age writers]]
[[Category:New Thought writers]]
[[Category:Nonduality teachers]]

List of Disney+ Hotstar original films

2026-04-03T01:21:36Z

Joy sagar Murmu: creating pg

{{Short description|none}}
{{for|Disney+ Hotstar original TV shows|List of Disney+ Hotstar original programming}}
{{use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
[[File:Disney+ Hotstar 2024.svg|frameless|right]]

This article is '''a list of [[streaming television|streaming]] [[television film]]s''' which '''released on [[Disney+ Hotstar]]''', or just '''Hotstar''',{{Efn|in Singapore, Canada and the United Kingdom}} an Indian [[video on demand#Subscription models|subscription video on-demand]] [[over-the-top media service|over-the-top]] [[streaming media|streaming service]] owned by [[Disney Star]] and operated by the [[Disney Entertainment]] division of [[The Walt Disney Company]]<ref>{{cite web|date=11 February 2015|title=Star India's Novi Digital Entertainment bags IPL media rights for whopping Rs 302 crore|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/star-indias-novi-digital-entertainment-bags-ipl-media-rights-for-whopping-rs-302-crore-2091287.html|website=First Post|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=4 February 2016|title=What Wikipedia cannot Tell you about hotstar.com - Shashank Kamath's Analysis|url=http://awordtotheworld.com/what-wikipedia-wont-tell-you-about-hotstar-com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204114949/http://awordtotheworld.com/what-wikipedia-cant-tell-you-about-hotstar-com|archive-date=4 February 2016|website=A Word to the World|access-date=18 October 2016}}</ref> since its launch as ''Hotstar'' in February 2015 by the formerly-named Star India.

== Indian original films ==
=== Disney+ Hotstar Multiplex ===
Also dubbed as Hotstar Premiere Nights where the service operated only as ''[[Disney+ Hotstar|Hotstar]]''. The below titles are exclusively streaming on the platform forgoing their theatrical releases.<ref name="multiplex">{{cite web|date=29 June 2020|title=Disney Plus Hotstar Makes Strategic Choice to Bypass India's Theaters, Give More Movies Streaming Premieres|url=https://variety.com/2020/streaming/news/akshay-kumar-ajay-devgn-hotstar-1234692525/|website=[[variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=29 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:99%;"
|-
! Title
! Premiere
! Genre
! Length
! Language(s)
! {{abbr|Ref(s).|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Dil Bechara]]''
| 24 July 2020
| [[Coming-of-age film|Coming-of-age]] [[romantic drama]]
| 102 mins
| rowspan=5|Hindi
|<ref name="Variety 2020">{{cite web | title=Sushant Singh Rajput's 'Dil Bechara' to Release Directly on Disney Plus Hotstar | website=Variety | date=2020-06-25 | url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/sushant-singh-rajput-dil-bechara-1234681811/ | access-date=2020-06-28}}</ref><ref name="multiplex" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Lootcase]]''
| 31 July 2020
| [[Comedy thriller]]
| 132 mins
|<ref name="multiplex"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/lootcase-kunal-kemmu-disney-plus-hotstar-release-6481660/|title=Kunal Kemmu starrer Lootcase to premiere on Disney Plus Hotstar|date=June 29, 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Khuda Haafiz]]''
| 14 August 2020
| rowspan=2|[[Action thriller]]
| 133 mins
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-24|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/vidyut-jammwal-upcoming-film-khuda-haafiz-release-on-ott-636888|title=Vidyut Jammwal glad his upcoming film 'Khuda Haafiz' will launch on OTT|publisher=India TV News|language=en}}</ref><ref name="multiplex"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/khuda-haafiz-vidyut-jammwal-disney-plus-hotstar-release-6481690/|title=Vidyut Jammwal's Khuda Haafiz to release on Disney Plus Hotstar|date=June 29, 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sadak 2]]''
| 28 August 2020
| 134 mins
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2020 |title=Alia Bhatt announces Sadak 2 premiere on August 28 on Disney+ Hotstar|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/alia-bhatt-announces-sadak-2-premiere-on-august-28-on-disney-hotstar/|access-date=6 August 2020 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><ref name="multiplex"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sadak-2-to-premiere-on-disney-plus-hotstar-6480575/|title=Sadak 2 to premiere on Disney Plus Hotstar|date=June 29, 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Laxmii]]''
| 9 November 2020
| [[Comedy horror]]
| 141 mins
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 September 2020|title=Laxmmi Bomb teaser: Akshay Kumar film to release on Nov 9 on Disney+ Hotstar, actor promises a big blast on Diwali|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/laxmmi-bomb-teaser-akshay-kumar-film-to-release-on-nov-9-on-disney-hotstar-actor-promises-a-big-blast-on-diwali/story-ph32STR42WijAWD58DgS6M_amp.html|access-date=16 September 2020|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=17 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917000049/https://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/laxmmi-bomb-teaser-akshay-kumar-film-to-release-on-nov-9-on-disney-hotstar-actor-promises-a-big-blast-on-diwali/story-ph32STR42WijAWD58DgS6M_amp.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="multiplex" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explainspeaking-why-in-a-crisis-we-need-to-look-at-absolute-level-of-gdp-more-than-growth-rates-6480633/|title=ExplainSpeaking: Why in a crisis we need to look at absolute level of GDP more than growth rates|date=June 29, 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Mookuthi Amman]]''
| 14 November 2020
| [[Fantasy comedy]]
| 134 mins
| rowspan=3|Tamil
| <ref>{{Cite news|author=The Hindu Net Desk|date=2020-10-23|title=Disney+Hotstar to release 'Mookuthi Amman' on Deepavali, announces four series in Tamil|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mookuthi-amman-to-release-on-disney-hotstar/article32929910.ece|access-date=2020-10-26|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bhoomi (2021 film)|Bhoomi]] ''
| 14 January 2021
| [[Action drama]]
| 127 mins
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Teddy (film)|Teddy]] ''
| 12 March 2021
| [[Action thriller]]
| 134 mins
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[The Big Bull]]''
| 8 April 2021
| [[Financial thriller]]
| 153 mins
| Hindi
|<ref name="multiplex" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/abhishek-bachchan-the-big-bull-disney-plus-hotstar-6461953/|title=The Big Bull to premiere on Disney Plus Hotstar|date=June 29, 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Paramapadham Vilayattu]]''
| 14 April 2021
| [[Political thriller]]
| 132 mins
| Tamil
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Hum Bhi Akele Tum Bhi Akele]]''
| 9 May 2021
| [[Romantic comedy]]
| 117 mins
| rowspan=5|Hindi
| <ref name="Sahu 2021">{{cite web | last=Sahu | first=Sushri | title='Hum Bhi Akele, Tum Bhi Akele': Zareen Khan, Anshuman Jha Are On a Journey Of Acceptance In Film About LGBTQ Relationships | website=Mashable India | date=2021-05-04 | url=https://in.mashable.com/entertainment/22018/hum-bhi-akele-tum-bhi-akele-zareen-khan-anshuman-jha-are-on-a-journey-of-acceptance-in-film-about-lg | access-date=2021-05-04}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Shaadisthan]]''
| 11 June 2021
| [[Music genre|Musical]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]]
| 93 mins
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Collar Bomb (2021 film)|Collar Bomb]]''
| 9 July 2021
| [[Thriller film|Thriller]]
| 86 mins
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 June 2021|title=Jimmy Sheirgill's crime thriller film ''Collar Bomb'' to premiere on Disney + Hotstar in July|work=Outlook India|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/jimmy-sheirgills-crime-thriller-film-collar-bomb-to-premiere-on-disney--hotstar-in-july/2108814|access-date=25 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Hungama 2]]''
| 23 July 2021
| [[Romantic comedy]]
| 156 mins
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=21 June 2021|title=Shilpa Shetty's Hungama 2 to premiere on Disney+Hotstar on July 23|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/shilpa-shetty-s-hungama-2-to-premiere-on-disney-hotstar-on-july-23-1821100-2021-06-30|access-date=30 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bhuj: The Pride of India]]''
| rowspan=2 | 13 August 2021
| [[Historical drama|Historical]] [[war film]]
| 113 mins
|<ref name="multiplex" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Netrikann]]''
| [[Crime thriller]]
| 144 mins
| Tamil
| <ref>{{cite tweet|number=1417726254308941828|user=DisneyplusHSVIP|title=இதோ ஒரு உற்சாகமான அறிவிப்பு! விரைவில் எங்கள் அடுத்த #DisneyPlusHotstarMultiplex மூவி! லேடி சூப்பர்ஸ்டார் நயன்தாராவி… |date=21 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bhoot Police]]''
| 10 September 2021
| rowspan=2 | [[Comedy horror]]
| 129 mins
| Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=7 September 2021|title=Bhoot Police starring Saif Ali Khan, Arjun Kapoor, Jacqueline Fernandez and Yami Gautam arrives a week early on Disney+ Hotstar|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/bhoot-police-starring-saif-ali-khan-arjun-kapoor-jacqueline-fernandez-yami-gautam-arrives-week-early-disney-hotstar/|access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Annabelle Sethupathi]]''
| rowspan=2 | 17 September 2021
| rowspan=2 | 135 mins
| Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2021/aug/26/taapsee-pannu-vijay-sethupathis-annabelle-sethupathy-to-release-on-disney-hotstar-in-september-2350189|title=Taapsee Pannu, Vijay Sethupathi's 'Annabelle Sethupathy' to release on Disney+ Hotstar in September|work=New Indian Express|date=26 August 2021}}{{dead link|date=February 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Maestro (2021 film)|Maestro]]''
| [[Black comedy]] [[crime thriller]]
| Telugu
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Shiddat]]''
| rowspan="2"| 1 October 2021
| [[Romantic drama]]
| 146 mins
| Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 September 2021|title=Radhika Madan and Sunny Kaushal starrer Shiddat Wala Pyaar to release on Disney+Hotstar on October 1|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/radhika-madan-and-sunny-kaushal-starrer-shiddat-to-release-on-disneyhotstar-on-october-1/|access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Lift (2021 film)|Lift]]''
| [[Horror thriller]]
| 135 mins
| Tamil
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sanak]]''
| 15 October 2021
| [[Action thriller]]
| 117 mins
| Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=29 September 2021|title=Vidyut Jammwal starrer Sanak to release on Disney+Hotstar on 15 October 2021|work=Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vidyut-jammwal-starrer-sanak-release-disneyhotstar-15-october-2021/|access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Oh Manapenne!]]''
| 22 October 2021
| [[Romantic comedy]]
| 140 mins
| Tamil
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Hum Do Hamare Do]]''
| 29 October 2021
| [[Comedy drama]]
| 129 mins
| Hindi
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[MGR Magan]]''
| 4 November 2021
| [[Masala film|Masala]]
| 141 mins
| Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=6 October 2021|title=Rajkummar Rao and Kriti Sanon starrer Hum Do Hamare Do to release on October 29 on Disney+ Hotstar|work=Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/rajkummar-rao-kriti-sanon-starrer-hum-hamare-release-october-29-disney-hotstar/|access-date=6 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kanakam Kaamini Kalaham]]''
| 12 November 2021
| [[Comedy drama]]
| 121 mins
| Malayalam
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 October 2021|title=Kanakam Kaamini Kalaham trailer is a fun-filled ride, release date out |work=On Manorama|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2021/10/22/kanakam-kaamini-kalaham-trailer-release-date-out.html|access-date=23 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Adbhutham]]''
| rowspan=3|19 November 2021
| [[Science fiction drama|Science fiction]] [[romantic drama]]
| 142 mins
| Telugu
|<ref name="English 2021">{{cite web | title=Teja Sajja's 'Adbutham' to have a direct OTT release | website=English | date=2021-10-17 | url=https://english.ntvtelugu.com/teja-sajjas-adbutham-to-have-a-direct-ott-release/ | access-date=2021-10-17 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Cash (2021 film)|Cash]]''
| [[Comedy drama]]
| 119 mins
| Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 November 2021|title=Amol Parashar to deal with 'note-bandi ka start-up' in Disney+ Hotstar's 'Cash'; to release on November 19|work=Peepingmoon.com|url=https://peepingmoon.com/webcast-news/news/60029/Amol-Parashar-to-deal-with-note-bandi-ka-start-up-in-Disney-Hotstars-Cash-to-release-on-November.html|access-date=3 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pon Manickavel (film)|Pon Manickavel]]''
| [[Action thriller]]
| 133 mins
| Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pon Manickavel to release on Disney+ Hotstar|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jul/04/pon-manickavel-to-release-on-disney-hotstar-25297.html|access-date=2021-08-10|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=4 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Maa Oori Polimera]]''
| 10 December 2021
| [[Thriller film|Thriller]]
| 98 mins
| Telugu
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Atrangi Re]]''
| 24 December 2021
| [[Romantic drama]]/[[Musical film|Musical]]
| 137 mins
| Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 November 2021|title=Akshay Kumar, Sara Ali Khan and Dhanush starrer Atrangi Re to premiere on Disney+ Hotstar, trailer out tomorrow|work=Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-sara-ali-khan-dhanush-starrer-atrangi-re-premiere-disney-hotstar-trailer-tomorrow/|access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Keshu Ee Veedinte Nadhan]]''
| 31 December 2021
| [[Comedy drama]]
| 142 mins
| Malayalam
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.janbharattimes.com/entertainent/keshu-ee-veedinte-nadhan-ott-release-date-star-cast-trailer-plot-more|title = Keshu ee Veedinte Nadhan OTT Release Date, Star Cast, Trailer Plot & More|date = 15 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Anbarivu]]''
| 7 January 2022
| [[Family drama]]
| 165 mins
| Tamil
| <ref name="Jha 2021">{{cite web | last=Jha | first=Lata | title=Tamil film 'Anbarivu' to skip theatres, stream on Disney+ Hotstar | website=mint | date=2021-12-22 | url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/tamil-film-anbarivu-to-skip-theatres-stream-on-disney-hotstar-11640148418211.html | access-date=2021-12-26}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bro Daddy]]''
| 26 January 2022
| [[Comedy drama]]
| 159 mins
| Malayalam
|<ref name="Team 2021">{{cite web | title=Bro Daddy first look: സ്റ്റൈലിഷ് ലുക്കില്‍ മോഹന്‍ലാല്‍, പൃഥ്വിരാജ്; 'ബ്രോ ഡാഡി' ഡിസ്‍നി പ്ലസിലൂടെ ഉടന്‍ - bro daddy first look mohanlal prithviraj disney plus hotstar ott release soon | website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd | date=2021-12-29 | url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/bro-daddy-first-look-mohanlal-prithviraj-disney-plus-hotstar-ott-release-soon-r4vhx4 | language=ml | access-date=2021-12-29}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[A Thursday]]''
| 17 February 2022
| [[Thriller film|Thriller]]
| 129 mins
| Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=10 February 2022|title=Yami Gautam as terrorist in A Thursday will hook you. Disney+ Hotstar film to release on Feb 17|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in//movies/bollywood/story/yami-gautam-as-terrorist-in-a-thursday-will-hook-you-disney-hotstar-film-to-release-on-feb-17-1911117-2022-02-10|access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Maaran (2022 film)|Maaran]]''
| 11 March 2022
| [[Action thriller]]
| 130 mins
| Tamil
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/maaran-trailer-dhanush-s-superstar-journalist-kills-with-his-pen-literally-101646055834382.html|title=Maaran trailer: Dhanush's superstar journalist kills with his pen. Literally|website=Hinustan Times|date=28 February 2022|access-date=28 February 2022}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Lalitham Sundaram]]''
| 18 March 2022
| [[Comedy drama]]
| 120 mins
| Malayalam
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kaun Pravin Tambe?]]''
| 1 April 2022
| [[Biographical drama]]
| 134 mins
| Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 March 2022|title=Shreyas Talpade to star in and as Kaun Pravin Tambe?, releasing on Disney+ Hotstar on April 1, 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shreyas-talpade-star-kaun-pravin-tambe-releasing-disney-hotstar-april-1-2022/|access-date=7 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Taanakkaran]]''
| 8 April 2022
| [[Action drama]]
| 143 mins
| Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 April 2022|title=Vikram Prabu, releasing on Disney+ Hotstar on April 8, 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shreyas-talpade-star-kaun-pravin-tambe-releasing-disney-hotstar-april-8-2022|access-date=15 March 2022}}{{dead link|date=July 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[12th Man (film)|12th Man]]''
| 20 May 2022
| [[Mystery film|Mystery]] [[Thriller film|thriller]]
| 163 mins
| Malayalam
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[O2 (2022 film)|O2]]''
| 17 June 2022
| [[Survival film|Survival]] [[Thriller film|thriller]]
| 140 mins
| Tamil
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[19(1)(a)]]''
| rowspan=3 | 29 July 2022
| [[Drama film|Drama]]
| 107 mins
| Malayalam
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Good Luck Jerry]]''
| [[Black comedy|Dark]] [[crime comedy]]
| 118 mins
| Hindi
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/janhvi-kapoor-s-good-luck-jerry-to-release-on-disney-hotstar-on-july-29-1963494-2022-06-17|title=Janhvi Kapoor's Good Luck Jerry to release on Disney+ Hotstar on July 29|work=India Today|date=17 June 2022|access-date=17 June 2022}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Vattam]]''
| [[Action thriller]]
| 116 mins
| Tamil
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Cuttputlli]]''
| 2 September 2022
| [[Thriller film|Thriller]]
| 134 mins
| rowspan="2" | Hindi
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Babli Bouncer]]''
| 23 September 2022
| [[Comedy]]
| 118 mins
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''Repeat''
| 1 December 2022
| [[Thriller film|Thriller]]
| 124 mins
| Telugu
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-23 |title=OTT: Naveen Chandra's Repeat gets a new release date |url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/ott-naveen-chandras-repeat-gets-a-new-release-date.html |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=[[123telugu|123 Telugu]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Freddy (film)|Freddy]]''
| 2 December 2022
| [[Romantic thriller]]
| 124 mins
| Hindi
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''Jagamemaya''
| 15 December 2022
| [[Mystery film|Mystery drama]]
| 111 mins
| Telugu
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-13 |title=Movies and series releasing this week in theatres and OTT |url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/movies-and-series-releasing-this-week-in-theatres-and-ott-16.html |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=123telugu.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Govinda Naam Mera]]''
| 16 December 2022
| [[Comedy]]
| 131 mins
| rowspan="8" | Hindi
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Rabia & Olivia]]''
| 24 February 2023
| rowspan="2" | [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| 124 mins
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Gulmohar (2023 film)|Gulmohar]]''
| 3 March 2023
| 131 mins
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Gaslight (2023 film)|Gaslight]]''
| 31 March 2023
| [[Thriller film|Thriller]]
| 111 mins
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/gaslight-starring-sara-ali-khan-vikrant-massey-set-directly-release-disney-hotstar-march-31-2023/|title=Gaslight, starring Sara Ali Khan, Vikrant Massey, set to directly release on Disney+ Hotstar on March 31, 2023|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=4 March 2023 |access-date=5 March 2023}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Tumse Na Ho Payega (2023 film)|Tumse Na Ho Payega]]''
| 29 September 2023
| [[Comedy]]
| 132 mins
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Apurva (2023 film)|Apurva]]''
| 15 November 2023
| [[Crime thriller]]
| 95 mins
|<ref>{{cite web |date=23 October 2023 |title=Tara Sutaria starrer Apurva to directly release on Disney+ Hotstar on November 15; see the first intriguing posters|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/tara-sutaria-starrer-apurva-directly-release-disney-hotstar-november-15-see-first-intriguing-posters/ |access-date=23 October 2023 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Patna Shuklla]]''
| 29 March 2024
| [[Legal drama]]
| 125 mins
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://theprint.in/feature/patna-shuklla-trailer-shows-raveenas-fight-for-justice-as-lawyer-late-satish-kaushik-also-in-the-film/1996676/|title='Patna Shuklla' trailer shows Raveena's fight for justice as lawyer; late Satish Kaushik also in the film|publisher=The Print|date=12 March 2024|access-date=12 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bloody Ishq]]''
| 26 July 2024
| [[Horror thriller]]
| 138 mins
|<ref>{{cite web | last=Web | first=Statesman | title=Bloody Ishq: Avika Gor starrer trailer promises spine-chilling thrill | website=The Statesman | date=17 July 2024 | url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/ott/bloody-ishq-avika-gor-starrer-trailer-promises-spine-chilling-thrill-1503321465.html | access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Vaazhai]]''
| 23 August 2024
| [[Children's film|Children's]] [[drama film|drama]]
| 136 mins
| Tamil
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=CBFC {{!}} Search Film |url=https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=MDMwMzE5MDgyMDI0MDAwMTM= |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=[[Central Board of Film Certification]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sweet Dreams (2025 film)|Sweet Dreams]]''
| 24 January 2025
| [[Romantic drama]]
| 107 mins
| rowspan="4" | Hindi
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[The Storyteller (2025 film)|The Storyteller]]''
| 28 January 2025
| [[Drama]]
| 112 mins
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Dil Dosti Aur Dogs]]''
| 28 February 2025
| [[Drama]]
| 101 mins
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sarzameen]]''
| 25 July 2025
| [[Action film|Action]] [[Spy film|Spy drama]]
| 137 mins
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarzameen Teaser: Ibrahim Ali Khan Plays Terrorist In Prithviraj Sukumaran And Kajol's Kashmir Saga|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sarzameen-teaser-ibrahim-ali-khan-plays-terrorist-in-prithviraj-sukumaran-and-kajols-kashimir-saga-8797913 |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Paranthu Po]]''
| 4 July 2025
| [[road film|Road]] [[musical comedy film|musical comedy]]
| 140 mins
| Tamil
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Director Ram and Shiva's film titled Parandhu Po; plot and cast REVEALED |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/director-ram-and-shivas-film-titled-parandhu-po-plot-and-cast-revealed/d441ecc6ba687 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211053150/https://www.ottplay.com/news/director-ram-and-shivas-film-titled-parandhu-po-plot-and-cast-revealed/d441ecc6ba687 |archive-date=11 February 2025 |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Hotstar Specials ===
'''Hotstar Specials''' is a brand of [[Disney+ Hotstar]] on which the platform releases their original films done exclusively for the service.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:99%;"
|-
! Title
! Premiere
! Genre
! Length
! Language(s)
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Chappad Phaad Ke]]''<ref name="movies">{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/hotstar-ventures-into-original-films-11571145440467.html|title=Hotstar ventures into original films |date=2019-10-15|language=en|access-date=2019-10-15}}</ref>
| 18 October 2019
| [[Comedy thriller]]
| 121 mins
| rowspan="3" |Hindi
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kanpuriye]]''<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1187005048787587072|user=DisneyplusHSVIP|title=Sapnon ke sheher toh bahut mil jaayenge, lekin toote hue sapnon ka copyright sirf Kanpur ke paas hai. Kya apne toot… |access-date=2019-10-23|date=23 October 2019}}</ref>
| 25 October 2019
| [[anthology film]]
| 102 mins
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bahut Hua Samman]]'' <ref name="News18 2020">{{cite web | title='Bahut Hua Samman' A Slice-of-life Comedy: Raghav Juyal | website=News18 | date=2020-09-29 | url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bahut-hua-samman-a-slice-of-life-comedy-raghav-juyal-2918561.html | access-date=2020-09-30}}</ref>
| 2 October 2020
| [[Comedy thriller]]
| 125 mins
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Lucky The Superstar]]''<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 December 2025|title=Lucky glimpse: GV Prakash is in search of a gifted dog amidst political chaos|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2025/Dec/10/lucky-glimpse-gv-prakash-is-in-search-of-a-gifted-dog-amidst-political-chaos|website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>
| 20 February 2026
| [[Children's film|Children's]] [[comedy drama]]
| 122 mins
| Tamil
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kenatha Kanom]]''<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 February 2026|title=Kenatha Kanom first look: Yogi Babu and villagers dig a well, but make a shocking skeletal discovery; plot, OTT details out
|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/kenatha-kanom-first-look-yogi-babu-and-villagers-dig-a-well-but-make-a-shocking-discovery-plot-ott-details-out/011bcca5b0707|website=[[OTTPlay]]}}</ref>
| 13 March 2026
| [[Comedy drama]]
| 116 mins
| Tamil
|-
|}

==== Documentary ====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:99%;"
|-
! Title
! Premiere
! Genre
! Length
! Language(s)
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[1232 KMS]]''
| 24 March 2021
| [[Documentary film]]
| 86 mins
| Hindi
|-
|}

=== Others ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:99%;"
|-
! Title
! Premiere
! Genre
! Length
! Language(s)
|-
! scope="row" | ''Dheet Pathangey''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/amp/industry-briefing-news/gen-next-of-adhikari-brothers-launch-web-film-dheet-patangey-103048.html|title=Gen Next of Adhikari Brothers launches web film 'Dheet Patangey'|access-date=2020-03-03}}</ref>
| 2 March 2020
| [[Comedy drama]]
| 114 min.
|Hindi
|-
|}

==Southeast Asian original films==
[[Disney+ Hotstar]] also carries Southeast Asian original films that commissioned exclusively in their respective regions. The following Indonesian and Malaysian films were premiered [[Direct-to-video#Digital releases|direct-to-streaming]] under the ''Hotstar Originals'' banner due to COVID-19-related cinema closures. New local films premiered every Friday in Indonesia, with the exclusion of ''Sabar Ini Ujian (Sabar, It's a Test)'' as Indonesian launch title, along with TV series premiered at the same day, in absence of latest Indonesian films release, such as ''[[:id:Si Juki Anak Kosan|Si Juki Anak Kosan]]''. Disney+ Hotstar was originally teased with 7 new Indonesian films,<ref>{{cite report|url=https://variety.com/2020/streaming/asia/disney-plus-hotstar-indonesia-2-1234730335/|title=Local Content Gets Priority as Disney Plus Hotstar Confirms Indonesia Launch|last=Frater|first=Patrick|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=2020-08-10|access-date=2020-08-10}}</ref> but was later expanded to more than 13 local films.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://variety.com/2020/streaming/asia/disney-innovates-in-indonesia-plus-hotstar-1234759728/|title=Disney Innovates in Indonesia, Finds Partner For Key Streaming Launch|last=Frater|first=Patrick|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=2020-09-04|access-date=2020-09-04}}</ref> Malaysian release will also get their local films premiered as well.<ref>{{Cite report|url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/asia/disney-plus-hotstar-malaysia-launch-1234965831/?cx_testId=51&cx_testVariant=cx_2&cx_artPos=1#cxrecs_s|title=Disney Plus Hotstar to Launch in Malaysia With Local Content Component|last=Frater|first=Patrick|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=May 4, 2021}}</ref> Some Indonesian and Malaysian films will be available to stream elsewhere (including global streaming platform such as [[Netflix]], [[Amazon Prime Video]], [[Apple TV+]], [[Catchplay|Catchplay+]], [[Viu (streaming service)|Viu]], [[Tencent Video|WeTV]]/[[iflix]] and [[iQIYI]]; along with regional streaming platform such as [[Vision+]], [[Vidio]], [[:id:CubMu|CubMu]], [[Mola (streaming service)|Mola]] and [[:id:KlikFilm|KlikFilm]]) after their first-run releases.<ref>{{cite instagram|postid=CLge1_5A7E7|title=These films from Falcon Pictures is coming to KlikFilm|user=movreview|date=February 20, 2021|language=id}}</ref>

=== Indonesian original films ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:99%;"
|-
! Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Runtime
! Exclusive region(s)
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Sabar Ini Ujian|Sabar, It's a Test]]''
| [[Romantic comedy|Romantic]] [[dramedy]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|5 September 2020}}{{efn|Indonesia|name="ID"}}|{{dts|16 July 2021}}{{efn|Thailand|name="TH"}}|{{dts|06 August 2021}}{{efn|Malaysia|name="MY"}}}}
| 126 min.
| rowspan="3"|Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Rentang Kisah (film)|Chronicle Scope]]''
| [[Coming-of-age story|Coming-of-age]] [[biographical drama]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|11 September 2020}}{{efn|name="ID"}}|{{dts|20 August 2021}}{{efn|name="TH"}}}}
| 98 min.
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Benyamin Biang Kerok 2|Benyamin Biang Kerok 2]]''
| [[Comedy drama]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|18 September 2020}}{{efn|name="ID"}}|{{dts|6 August 2021}}{{efn|name="TH"}}}}
| 97 min.
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Warkop DKI Reborn 4|Warkop DKI Reborn 4]]''
| [[Action comedy film|Action comedy]]
| {{dts|25 September 2020}}
| 103 min.
| rowspan="2"|Indonesia and Malaysia
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bidadari Mencari Sayap]]''
| [[Melodrama]]
| {{dts|2 October 2020}}
| 90 min.
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Malik & Elsa|Malik & Elsa]]''
| [[Teen drama|Teen]] [[romantic drama]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|9 October 2020}}{{efn|name="ID"}}|{{dts|30 July 2021}}{{efn|name="TH"}}}}
| 87 min.
| Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Pelukis Hantu|Ghost Painter]]''
| [[Horror comedy|Horror]] [[dramedy]]
| {{dts|16 October 2020}}
| 98 min.
| Indonesia
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Sejuta Sayang Untuknya|A Million Love]]''
| [[Family drama]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|23 October 2020}}{{efn|name="ID"}}|{{dts|23 July 2021}}{{efn|name="TH"}}|{{dts|3 September 2021}}{{efn|name="MY"}}}}
| 97 min.
| Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Denting Kematian|Clink of Death]]''
| [[Teen horror|Teen]] [[Supernatural horror film|supernatural horror]]
| {{dts|30 October 2020}}
| 85 min.
|Indonesia
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Nona (film)|The Irreplaceable]]''
| [[Coming-of-age story|Coming-of-age]] [[Adventure film|adventure]]
| {{dts|6 November 2020}}
| 100 min.
| rowspan="12" |Indonesia and Malaysia
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Di Bawah Umur|Under the Age]]''
| [[Teen drama|Teen]] [[romantic drama]]
| {{dts|13 November 2020}}
| 91 min.
|-
! scope="row" | ''Once Upon a Time in Indonesia''
| [[Action drama]]
| {{dts|20 November 2020}}
| 158 min.
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Yang Tak Tergantikan|Irreplaceable]]''
| [[Family drama|Family]] [[melodrama]]
| {{dts|15 January 2021}}
| 104 min.
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Incredible Love|Incredible Love]]''
| [[Family drama]]
| {{dts|22 January 2021}}
| 105 min.
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Agen Dunia|World Agent]]''
| [[Family drama|Family]] [[dramedy]]
|{{Date table sorting|5 February 2021}}{{Efn|name="ID"}}
| 77 min.
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:BerhentiDiKamu|#StopOnYou]]''
| [[Coming-of-age story|Coming-of-age]] [[romantic drama]]
|{{Date table sorting|12 February 2021}}{{Efn|name="ID"}}
| 100 min.
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Persahabatan Bagai Kepompong|The Cocoon Of Friendship]]''
| [[Teen drama|Teen]] [[dramedy]]
| {{dts|26 February 2021}}
| 94 min.
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:The Secret 2: Mystery of Villa 666|The Secret 2: Mystery of Villa 666]]''
| [[Coming-of-age story|Coming-of-age]] [[Supernatural horror film|supernatural horror]]
| {{dts|5 March 2021}}
| 71 min.
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Ghostbuser: Misteri Desa Penari|Ghostbuser]]''
| [[Horror comedy]]
| {{dts|9 April 2021}}
| 95 min.
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Surga yang Tak Dirindukan 3|Surga yang Tak Dirindukan 3]]''
| [[Romantic drama|Romantic]] [[melodrama]]
| {{Ubl|{{dts|16 April 2021}}{{efn|name="ID"}}|{{dts|27 August 2021}}{{efn|name="MY"}}}}
| 124 min.
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Adit Sopo Jarwo the Movie|Adit Sopo Jarwo the Movie]]''
| [[Animated]] [[comedy-drama]]
| {{dts|30 April 2021}}
| 92 min.
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Wedding Proposal|Wedding Proposal]]''
| [[Romantic comedy|Romantic]] [[dramedy]]
| {{dts|7 May 2021}}
| 102 min.
| rowspan="6" |Indonesia
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Till Death Do Us Part (film)|Till Death Do Us Part]]''
| [[Romantic thriller|Romantic]] [[comedy thriller]]
| {{dts|28 May 2021}}
| 91 min.
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Devil on Top|Devil On Top]]''
| [[Workplace comedy]]
| {{dts|25 June 2021}}
| 106 min.
|-
! scope="row" | ''Ghibah''
| [[Supernatural horror film|Supernatural horror]]
| {{dts|30 July 2021}}
| 98 min.
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:Notebook (film 2021)|Notebook]]''
| [[Romantic drama|Romantic]] [[melodrama]]
| {{dts|27 August 2021}}
| 82 min.
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[:id:The Watcher|The Watcher]]''
| [[Romantic thriller]]
| {{dts|24 September 2021}}
| 89 min.
|-
|}

=== Malaysian original films ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:99%;"
|-
! Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Runtime
! Exclusive region(s)
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[J Revolusi#Sequel|J2: J Retribusi]]''
| [[Action drama]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|1 June 2021}}{{efn|Malaysia|name="MY"}}|{{dts|2 July 2021}}{{efn|name="ID"}}}}
| 108 min.
| Malaysia and Indonesia
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Zombitopia]]''
| [[Zombie apocalypse]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|2 July 2021}}{{efn|name="MY"}}|{{dts|9 July 2021}}{{efn|name="TH"}}|{{dts|6 August 2021}}{{efn|name="ID"}}}}
| 89 min.
| Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Ada Hantu]]''
| [[Horror comedy]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|13 August 2021}}{{efn|name="MY"}}|{{dts|29 October 2021}}{{efn|name="ID"}}}}
| 100 min.
| Malaysia and Indonesia
|-
|}

== Disney+ Originals ==
[[File:Disney+ 2024.svg|frameless|right|150x150px]]
These are commissioned by [[Disney+]] and are exclusively available on Disney+ Hotstar in India and selected Southeast Asian countries as Disney+ is fully integrated with the service.
{{Further|List of Disney+ original films}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:99%;"
|-
! Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Runtime
! Language(s)
! Exclusive region(s)
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[The Rescue (2021 film)|The Rescue]]''
| [[Documentary film|Documentary]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|3 December 2021}}{{efn|name="IN"}}|{{dts|25 March 2022}}{{efn|name="SEA"}}}}
| {{sort|114|114 min.}}
| English
| All markets
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[BTS]]: [[Permission to Dance on Stage#Los Angeles|Permission to Dance on Stage – LA]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Brezki|first=Patrick|title=Disney to Produce Three Projects Featuring K-Pop Supergroup BTS|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/disney-to-produce-three-projects-featuring-k-pop-supergroup-bts-1235178553/|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=July 11, 2022|access-date=July 12, 2022}}</ref>
| [[Concert film]]
| {{dts|8 September 2022}}<ref>{{cite tweet|user=DisneyPlusHS|author=Disney+ Hotstar|number=1567777812383408128|title=💜💜 Break Your Plans, Army! 💜💜 It's a surprise #DisneyPlusDay premiere. BTS: Permission to Dance on Stage – LA is now streaming, only on #DisneyPlusHotstar.|date=September 9, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|user=DisneyPlusID|author=Disney+ Hotstar Indonesia|number=1567774867436539909|title=Sekarang adalah waktunya!💜💜 Eksklusif di #DisneyPlusHotstarID, streaming BTS: Permission to Dance on Stage - LA sekarang.|date=September 9, 2022|language=ID}}</ref>
| {{sort|130|130 min.}}
| Korean
| All markets
|-
|}

==Exclusive distributions==

=== Exclusive international distribution ===
The following titles are the general films that distributed by Disney subsidiaries (known as '''Walt Disney Studios'''), including film releases from [[Hulu]], [[Star (Disney+)|Star]], [[Star+]], [[Walt Disney Pictures]], [[20th Century Studios]], [[20th Century Animation]] and [[Searchlight Pictures]] for streaming exclusively on the platform.{{Efn|Applies for Disney+ Hotstar subscription only.}} Films labelled with a '''†''' symbol signifies a film that exclusively released on the platform forgoing theatrical and/or [[List of Disney+ original films#Premier Access|Disney+ Premier Access releases]].

==== Feature Films====
{{inc-film|date=December 2023}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:99%;"
|-
! Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Runtime
! Exclusive region(s)
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Mulan (2020 film)|Mulan]]'' '''†'''
| [[Fantasy film|Fantasy]] [[action drama]]
| {{dts|4 December 2020}}
| {{sort|115|115 min}}
| India and Indonesia
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Nomadland (film)|Nomadland]]''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| {{dts|30 April 2021}}{{efn|name=IN}}{{efn|name=ID}}
| {{sort|108|108 min}}
| All markets{{efn|India, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand|name="AM"}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Raya and the Last Dragon]]'' '''†'''
| [[Animated]] [[Fantasy film|fantasy]] [[Action film|action]]-[[Adventure film|adventure]]
| {{dts|4 June 2021}}
| {{sort|107|107 min}}
| Indonesia and Malaysia
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Cruella (film)|Cruella]]'' '''†'''
| [[Crime comedy]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|27 August 2021}}{{efn|India|name="IN"}}|{{dts|3 September 2021}}{{efn|name="MYTH"}}|{{dts|5 September 2021}}{{efn|name="ID"}}}}
| {{sort|134|134 min}}
| rowspan="2" | All markets{{efn|name="AM"}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Vacation Friends]]''
| [[Comedy film|Comedy]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|27 August 2021}}{{efn|name="IN"}}|{{dts|3 September 2021}}{{efn|Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand|name=SEA}}}}
| {{sort|103|103 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Black Widow (2021 film)|Black Widow]]'' '''†'''
| [[Superhero film]]
| {{dts|3 September 2021}}
| {{sort|134|134 min}}
| India
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[The Eyes of Tammy Faye (2021 film)|The Eyes of Tammy Faye]]''
| [[Biographical drama]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|1 December 2021}}{{efn|name="ID"}}|{{dts|8 December 2021}}{{efn|name="TH"}}|{{dts|22 December 2021}}{{efn|name="IN"}}{{efn|name="MY"}}}}
| {{sort|126|126 min}}
| All markets{{efn|name="AM"}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Antlers (2021 film)|Antlers]]''
| [[Supernatural horror film|Supernatural horror]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|15 December 2021}}{{efn|name="IN"}}|{{dts|24 December 2021}}{{efn|name="TH"}}}}
| {{sort|99|99 min}}
| Selected territories
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Fresh (2022 film)|Fresh]]''
| [[Romantic comedy|Romantic]] [[comedy thriller]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|15 April 2022}}{{efn|name=SEA}}|{{dts|10 June 2022}}{{efn|name=IN}}}}
| {{sort|114|114 min}}
| rowspan="5" | All markets
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[No Exit (2022 film)|No Exit]]''
| [[Suspense thriller]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|15 April 2022}}{{efn|name=IN}}|{{dts|6 May 2022}}{{efn|name=SEA}}}}
| {{sort|95|95 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sex Appeal (2022 film)|Sex Appeal]]''
| [[Teen drama|Teen]] [[romantic comedy]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|27 May 2022}}{{efn|name=SEA}}|{{dts|2022}}{{efn|name=IN}}}}
| {{sort|90|90 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[The Valet (2022 film)|The Valet]]''
| rowspan="3" | [[Romantic comedy]]
| {{dts|24 June 2022}}
| {{sort|123|123 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Crush (2022 film)|Crush]]''
| {{ubl|{{dts|24 June 2022}}{{efn|name="TH"}}|{{dts|22 July 2022}}{{efn|Indonesia and Malaysia|name="IDMY"}}|{{dts|2022}}{{efn|name="IN"}}}}
| {{sort|092|92 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Fire Island (film)|Fire Island]]''
| {{dts|24 June 2022}}
| {{sort|105|105 min}}
| India and Thailand
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[The Princess (2022 action film)|The Princess]]''{{efn|Unavailable|name="Unavailable"}}
| [[Dark fantasy]] [[action thriller]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|02 July 2022}}{{efn|name=IN}}|{{dts|29 July 2022}}{{efn|name="SEA"}}}}
| {{sort|94|94 min}}
| rowspan="2" | All markets
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[The Bob's Burgers Movie]]''
| [[Animated comedy|Animated]] [[Musical film|musical]] [[Comedy film|comedy]]
| {{dts|13 July 2022}}
| {{sort|102|102 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Lightyear (film)|Lightyear]]'' '''†'''
| [[Animated]] [[Action film|action]]-[[Adventure film|adventure]]
| {{dts|3 August 2022}}
| {{sort|100|100 min}}
| Indonesia and Malaysia<ref>{{cite web|last=Bashir|first=Dale|title=Pixar's Lightyear Debuts on Malaysian and Indonesian Disney+ as an 18+ Movie|url=https://sea.ign.com/lightyear/188678/news/pixars-lightyear-debuts-on-malaysian-and-indonesian-disney-as-an-18-movie|website=[[IGN Southeast Asia]]|date=4 August 2022}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Not Okay]]''
| [[Dark comedy]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|5 August 2022}}{{efn|name="IN"}}|{{dts|12 August 2022}}{{efn|name="SEA"}}}}
| {{sort|106|106 min}}
| rowspan="2" | All markets
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Prey (2022 film)|Prey]]''
| [[Science fiction film|Science fiction]] [[action thriller]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|5 August 2022}}{{efn|name=SEA}}|{{dts|7 October 2022}}{{efn|name=IN}}<ref name="October 2022">{{cite tweet|author=Disney+ Hotstar|user=DisneyPlusHS|number=1576206751837192193|title=Start the 10th month of the year with 10x fun. Here's your October watchlist. Thank us later.|date=1 October 2022|access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref>}}
| {{sort|099|99 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Thor: Love and Thunder]]'' '''†'''
| [[Superhero film|Superhero]] [[Action comedy film|action comedy]]
| {{dts|8 September 2022}}
| {{sort|119|119 min}}
| Malaysia<ref>{{cite web|last=Wong|first=Alexander|title=Malaysians can watch 'Thor: Love and Thunder' on Sept 8 via Disney+ Hotstar|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/showbiz/2022/08/22/malaysians-can-watch-thor-love-and-thunder-on-sept-8-via-disney-hotstar/24180|website=[[Malay Mail]]|date=22 August 2022|access-date=8 September 2022|quote=Marvel's Thor: Love and Thunder was supposed to be released in Malaysian theatres (on July 2022) but it was banned due to LGBT elements.}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Rosaline (film)|Rosaline]]''{{efn|name="Unavailable"}}
| [[Period drama|Period]] [[romantic comedy]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|14 October 2022}}{{efn|name=SEA}}|{{dts|21 October 2022}}{{efn|name=IN}}}}
| {{sort|97|97 min}}
| rowspan="2" | All markets
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Grimcutty]]''
| rowspan="3" | [[Horror film|Horror]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|21 October 2022}}{{efn|name=IN}}|{{dts|28 October 2022}}{{efn|name=SEA}}}}
| {{sort|101|101 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''Matriarch''
|{{ubl|{{dts|21 October 2022}}{{efn|name=TH}}|{{dts|28 October 2022}}{{efn|name=IN}}}}
| {{sort|95|95 min}}
|India and Thailand
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Barbarian (2022 film)|Barbarian]]''
| {{dts|26 October 2022}}
| {{sort|107|107 min}}
| All markets
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Strange World (film)|Strange World]]'' '''†'''
| [[Animated]] [[Science fiction film|science fiction]] [[Action film|action]]-[[Adventure film|adventure]]
| {{dts|23 December 2022}}
| {{Sort|102|102 min}}
| Indonesia and Malaysia<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tartaglione |first=Nancy |date=2022-11-21 |title='Strange World' Eyes $25M Offshore Bow In Slimmed-Down Release As Disney Opts To Skip Middle East & More Over Potential Censorship |url=https://deadline.com/2022/11/strange-world-disney-censorship-middle-east-international-box-office-preview-1235178513/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Darby and the Dead]]''{{efn|name="Unavailable"}}
| [[Supernatural fiction|Supernatural]] [[Teen drama|teen]] [[Comedy film|comedy]]
| {{dts|10 October 2022}}
| {{Sort|100|100 min}}
| Southeast Asia
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Boston Strangler (film)|Boston Strangler]]''
| [[Crime film|Crime drama]]
| {{dts|17 March 2023}}
| {{Sort|112|112 min}}
| rowspan="11" | All markets
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Rye Lane]]''
| [[Romance comedy]]
| {{dts|31 March 2023}}
| {{sort|83|83 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Quasi (film)|Quasi]]''
| [[Period drama|Period]] [[Comedy film|comedy]]
| {{dts|20 April 2023}}
| {{sort|100|100 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[White Men Can't Jump (2023 film)|White Men Can't Jump]]''
| [[Sports film|Sports]] [[Comedy film|comedy]]
| {{dts|19 May 2023}}
| {{sort|102|102 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Flamin' Hot]]''
| [[Biographical film|Biographical]] [[comedy drama]]
| {{dts|9 June 2023}}
| {{sort|98|98 min}}
|-
! scope="row" |''Miguel Wants to Fight''
| [[Coming-of-age story|Coming-of-age]] [[Comedy film|comedy]]
| {{dts|16 August 2023}}
| {{sort|75|75 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Vacation Friends 2]]''
| [[Comedy film|Comedy]]
| {{dts|25 August 2023}}
| {{sort|105|105 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[No One Will Save You]]''
| [[Science fiction horror]]
| {{dts|22 September 2023}}
| {{sort|93|93 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[The Mill (2023 film)|The Mill]]''
| [[Science fiction film|Science fiction]] [[Thriller film|thriller]]
| {{dts|9 October 2023}}
| {{sort|106|106 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Quiz Lady]]''
| [[Comedy film|Comedy]]
| {{dts|3 November 2023}}
| {{sort|88|88 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Prom Dates]]''
| [[Coming-of-age story|Coming-of-age]] [[comedy drama]]
| {{dts|3 May 2024}}
| {{sort|85|85 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[All of Us Strangers]]'' '''†'''
| [[Romantic drama]]
| {{dts|10 May 2024}}
| {{sort|105|105 min}}
| Indonesia and Malaysia
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[The Parenting]]''
| [[Comedy horror]]
| {{dts|14 March 2025}}
| {{sort|94|94 min}}
| India
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Control Freak (film)|Control Freak]]''
| [[Horror film|Horror]]
| {{dts|20 March 2025}}
| {{sort|104| 1 h 44 min}}
| India
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[O'Dessa]]''
| [[Post-apocalyptic]] [[musical film|musical]] [[drama film|drama]]
| {{dts|20 March 2025}}
| {{sort|106| 1 h 46 min}}
| India
|-

|-
|}

==== Documentaries ====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:99%;"
|-
! Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Runtime
! Exclusive region(s)
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Summer of Soul]]''
| [[Concert film]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|30 July 2021}}{{efn|name=IN}}{{efn|name="ID"}}|{{dts|11 February 2022}}{{efn|Malaysia and Thailand|name="MYTH"}}}}
| {{sort|117|117 min}}
| rowspan="6" | All markets
|-
! scope="row" | ''Machine Gun Kelly's Life in Pink''
| [[Music]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|1 July 2022}}{{efn|name=SEA}}|{{dts|14 September 2022}}{{efn|name=IN}}}}
| {{sort|101|101 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''Leave No Trace''
| [[True crime]]
| {{dts|16 September 2022}}
| {{sort|110|110 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''Aftershock''
| [[American history]]
| {{dts|30 September 2022}}
| {{sort|87|1 h 27 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''God Forbid: The Sex Scandal That Brought Down a Dynasty''
| [[True crime]]
| {{dts|9 November 2022}}
| {{sort|109|109 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''The Housewife & the Shah Shocker''
| [[True crime]]
| {{dts|2 December 2022}}
| {{sort|48|48 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''Finding Michael''
| [[Search and rescue]]/[[Biographical film|Biopic]]
| {{dts|17 March 2023}}
| {{Sort|100|100 min}}
| Southeast Asia
|-
! scope="row" | ''Queenmaker: The Making of an It Girl''
| [[True crime]]
| {{dts|7 June 2023}}
| {{sort|87|87 min}}
| rowspan="7" | All markets
|-
! scope="row" | ''Anthem''
| [[American history]]
| {{dts|28 June 2023}}
| {{sort|99|99 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''The [[Randall Emmett|Randall]] Scandal: Love, Loathing, and Vanderpump''
| [[True crime]]
| {{dts|4 August 2023}}
| {{sort|84|84 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''Trap Jazz''
| Music
| {{dts|27 October 2023}}
| {{sort|84|84 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''The [[Lady Bird Johnson|Lady Bird]] Diaries''
| [[Biographical film|Biopic]]
| {{dts|13 November 2023}}
| {{sort|100|100 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Shohei Ohtani]] – Beyond the Dream''
| [[Sports film|Sports]]
| {{dts|17 November 2023}}
| {{sort|99|99 min}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Aaron Carter]]: The Little Prince of Pop''
| Music
| {{dts|27 December 2023}}
| {{sort|56|56 min}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" | ''Memes & Nightmares''
| Documentary
| {{dts|14 March 2025}}
| {{sort|81|1 h 21 min}}
| India
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Last Take: Rust and the Story of Halyna]]''
| Documentary
| {{dts|14 March 2025}}
| {{sort|90|1 h 30 min}}
| India
|-

|}

==== Non-English language ====

===== French =====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:99%;"
|-
! Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Runtime
! Exclusive region(s)
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[A Place to Fight For]]''
| [[Romantic thriller]]
| {{dts|7 July 2023}}
| {{sort|94|94 min}}
| All markets
|-
! scope="row" | ''Antigang: La Relève''
| [[Action thriller]]
| {{dts|25 August 2023}}
| {{sort|90|90 min}}
| Southeast Asia
|}

===== Japanese =====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:99%;"
|-
! Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Runtime
! Exclusive region(s)
|-
! scope="row" | ''Disney My Music Story: [[Yoshiki (musician)|Yoshiki]]''
| rowspan="2" | [[Music]] [[documentary]] [[Television special|special]]
| rowspan="2" | {{dts|30 June 2021}}
| {{sort|47|47 min}}
| rowspan="2" | Thailand
|-
! scope="row" | ''Disney My Music Story: [[Perfume (Japanese band)|Perfume]]''
| {{sort|53|53 min}}

|}

===== Korean =====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:99%;"
|-
! Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Runtime
! Exclusive region(s)
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[PSY]] Summer Swag 2022''
| [[Concert film]]
| {{dts|3 May 2023}}
| {{sort|86|86 min}}
| All markets

|}

===== Turkish =====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:99%;"
|-
! Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Runtime
! Exclusive region(s)
|-
! scope="row" | ''The Nightingale of Bursa''{{efn|name="Unavailable"}}
| [[Musical film|Musical]] [[Comedy film|comedy]]
| {{dts|10 March 2023}}
| {{sort|120|120 min}}
| rowspan="2" | Southeast Asia
|-
! scope="row" | ''My Apologies''{{efn|name="Unavailable"}}
| [[Comedy film|Comedy]]
| {{dts|14 April 2023}}
| {{sort|110|110 min}}
|-


|}

=== Exclusive third-party distribution ===
These titles are being bought by Disney due to distribution rights for streaming exclusively on the platform.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:99%;"
|-
! Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Runtime
! Language(s)
! Exclusive region(s)
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Blackpink: The Movie]]''
| [[Documentary film|Documentary]]
| {{ubl|{{dts|15 December 2021}}{{efn|name="SEA"}}|TBA{{efn|name="IN"}}}}
| {{sort|96|96 min.}}
| Korean
| All markets
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Wife of a Spy]]''
| [[Historical drama|Historical]] [[romantic drama]]
| {{dts|25 July 2022}}
| {{sort|116|116 min.}}
| Japanese
| rowspan="3" | Southeast Asia
|-
! scope="row" | ''Minxiong Haunted House''
| [[Horror drama]]
| {{dts|19 November 2022}}
| {{sort|79|79 min.}}
| rowspan="2" | Taiwanese Mandarin
|-
! scope="row" | ''Mama Boy''
| [[Romantic comedy|Romantic]] [[comedy drama]]
| {{dts|26 November 2022}}
| {{sort|98|98 min.}}
|-
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Hotstar}}
{{STAR}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Disney+ Hotstar original films}}
[[Category:Disney+ Hotstar original films| ]]
[[Category:Internet-related lists|Original films distributed by Hotstar]]
[[Category:Lists of films by studio]]

Vikram Sugumaran

2026-04-02T05:38:41Z

Joy sagar Murmu: started some article and citations

{{Short description|Indian film director and screenwriter}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vikram Sugumaran
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1977|04|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Paramakudi]], [[Ramanathapuram]], Tamil Nadu, India
| death_date = {{Death date|2025|06|02|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Film director|screenwriter|actor}}
| spouse =
| relatives =
| yearsactive = 2007–2025
}}

'''''Vikram Sugumaran''''' (11 April 1977 – 2 June 2025) was an Indian film director, screenwriter and actor primarily associated with [[Tamil cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 June 2025|title=Who is Vikram Sugumaran? A filmmaker, who voiced rural realism in Tamil cinema|url=https://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/who-is-vikram-sugumaran-a-filmmaker-who-voiced-rural-realism-in-tamil-cinema/amp_articleshow/121567498.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> He is widely known for his critically acclaimed debut as a director with the film ''[[Madha Yaanai Koottam]]'' (2013).

== Career ==
Vikram Sugumaran began his career in the [[Tamil-language|Tamil]] film industry around 1999–2000. He worked as an assistant director who worked with film director [[Balu Mahendra]], contributing to short films and television projects.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 June 2025|title=Director Vikram Sugumaran Passes Away Due To Cardiac Arrest|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/south-cinema/director-vikram-sugumaran-passes-away-in-chennai|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]}}</ref> He later collaborated with [[Vetrimaaran]], contributing associate director and dialogue writer for ''[[Polladhavan (2007 film)|Polladhavan]]'' and the [[National Film Awards|National Award]]-winning film ''[[Aadukalam]]'' (2011). This marked his rise in the industry as a socially conscious storyteller.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 June 2025|title=Vikram Sugumaran: "'ஆடுகளம்' படத்தின் மதுரைத்தன்மைக்குக் காரணம் விக்ரம் சுகுமாரன்" – வெற்றிமாறன்|url=https://www.cinema.vikatan.com/amp/story/kollywood/director-vetrimaaran-about-vikram-sugumaran-contribution-to-aadukalam-movie|website=[[Ananda Vikatan|Vikatan]]}}</ref>

He made his directorial debut with ''[[Madha Yaanai Koottam]]'' in 2013, a [[drama thriller film|drama thriller]] film that received critical acclaim for praise for its grounded storytelling and portrayal of caste conflicts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-madha-yaanai-koottam-shows-senseless-violence-south/20131226.htm|title=Review: Madha Yaanai Koottam shows senseless violence|access-date=15 April 2016|archive-date=20 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420140819/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-madha-yaanai-koottam-shows-senseless-violence-south/20131226.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was produced by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] and starring [[Kathir (actor)|Kathir]], [[Vela Ramamoorthy]] and [[Oviya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-13/news-interviews/38510561_1_aadukalam-g-v-prakash-kumar-oviya |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416233028/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-13/news-interviews/38510561_1_aadukalam-g-v-prakash-kumar-oviya |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 April 2013 |title=G V's production venture titled 'Madha Yaanai Koottam' |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=13 April 2013 |access-date=14 April 2013}}</ref>

After a decade-long break, he returned with ''[[Raavana Kottam]]'' in 2023, an [[action drama film|action drama]] film set in southern [[Tamil Nadu]]. The film, starring [[Shanthanu Bhagyaraj]] and [[Anandhi (actress)|Anandhi]], dealt with land rights, caste politics, and media narratives.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-08-07 |title=Lokesh Kanagaraj reveals the title look of Raavana Kottam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/lokesh-kanagaraj-reveals-the-title-look-of-raavana-kottam/articleshow/77414237.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511185451/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/lokesh-kanagaraj-reveals-the-title-look-of-raavana-kottam/articleshow/77414237.cms |archive-date=2023-05-11 |access-date=2023-05-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> While the film received mixed reviews, it reaffirmed Vikram's interest in socially grounded cinema.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Raavana Kottam Movie Review : A socio-political drama that doesn't find its way |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/raavana-kottam/movie-review/100151032.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511111633/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/raavana-kottam/movie-review/100151032.cms |archive-date=2023-05-11 |access-date=2023-05-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Vikram Sugumaran was played acting roles in Tamil cinema before becoming a full-time director. He made a brief appearance in ''[[Polladhavan (2007 film)|Polladhavan]]'' (2007), directed by Vetrimaaran, and later appeared in ''[[Kodiveeran]]'', directed by [[M. Muthaiah]] and he played the role of heroine's brother(2017).<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 June 2017|title=Kodiveeran gets a villain|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/tamil/2017/Jun/06/kodiveeran-gets-a-villain-1613216.html|website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

=== Unfinished projects ===
At the time of his untimely death, Vikram Sugumaran was reportedly developing a third directorial project under titles like ''Therum Porum'', said to be centered on mountaineering-a thematic departure from his previous rural-centric stories.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 February 2020|title=Dinesh, Vikram Sugumaran team up for 'Therum Porum'|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/entertainment/tamil/2020/Feb/22/dinesh-vikram-sugumaran-team-up-for-therum-porum-2106671.html|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Actress [[Viji Chandrasekhar]] later revealed he was slated to start directing this project within two months.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 June 2025|title=Vikram Sugumaran was supposed to begin his third directorial in 2 months, reveals Viji Chandrasekhar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikram-sugumaran-was-supposed-to-begin-his-third-directorial-in-2-months-reveals-viji-chandrasekhar/articleshow/121597885.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> In March 2025, Vikram Sugumaran was set to direct a web series for based on the lives of [[Madurai]]-based folk artists, with the story and concept penned by [[Soori (actor)|Soori]], who also aimed to play the lead role.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 September 2022|title=Soori to play lead in director Vikram Sukumar's Next|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/soori-to-play-lead-in-director-vikram-sukumars-next/articleshow/94499050.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Death ==
Vikram Sugumaran died on 2 June 2025 at the age of 48, due to a sudden cardiac arrest while traveling by bus from [[Madurai]] to [[Chennai]] after a script narration. Despite emergency medical attention at a hospital in Chennai, he was declared dead. His passing was widely mourned in the Tamil film industry. He is survived by his wife and children.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 June 2025|title=Tamil filmmaker Vikram Sugumaran passes away in Chennai due to cardiac arrest|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/tamil-filmmaker-vikram-sugumaran-passes-away-in-chennai-due-to-cardiac-arrest|website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=8 November 2024|title=Was Vikram Sugumaran backstabbed? 'Madha Yaanai Koottam' director's social media post stirs up controversy|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/was-vikram-sugumaran-backstabbed-madha-yaanai-koottam-directors-social-media-post-stirs-up-controversy/articleshow/115077064.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=7 June 2025|title='Ravana Kootam' producer Kannan Ravi donates Rs 5 lakh to late director Vikram Sugumaran's family|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ravana-kootam-producer-kannan-ravi-donates-rs-5-lakh-to-late-director-vikram-sugumarans-family/articleshow/121683783.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Filmmaking style ==
Vikram Sugumaran's filmmaking style was defined by a strong sense of rural authenticity, political awareness and [[social critique]]. He was known for portraying real-life social structures, especially focusing on issues like [[Caste discrimination in India|caste discrimination]], power imbalance, and [[cultural identity]] in Tamil Nadu's interior regions. His direction often emphasized naturalistic performances, minimalist visuals, and the use of native dialects, giving his work a grounded and unfiltered tone. Critics and [[Peer group|peers]] described his approach as thoughtful and uncompromising, committed to telling emotionally resonant stories without relying on commercial tropes or glamour.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 April 2019|title=Shanthnu goes the rural way in Vikram Sugumaran's film|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shanthnu-goes-the-rural-way-in-vikram-sugumarans-film/articleshow/69070852.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> He used cinema as a medium to raise questions about [[justice]] and [[Social inequality|inequality]], rather than simply entertain, drawing praise for his [[intellectual honesty]] and [[cultural sensitivity]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 June 2025|title=Filmmaker Vikram Sugumaran dies of cardiac arrest while travelling|url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/filmmaker-vikram-sugumaran-dies-of-cardiac-arrest-while-travelling-11748882206755.html|website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== As director and writer ===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#B0C4DE; text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" scope="col"| Year
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" colspan="2"| Credited as
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
! Director !! Writer
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Polladhavan (2007 film)|Polladhavan]]''
| {{partial|Associate director}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}
|
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Aadukalam]]''
| style="text-align:center;"| {{n}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}
| Additional screenplay and dialogues only
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Madha Yaanai Koottam]]''
| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}
| Debut film as a director
|-
| rowspan="2"|2023
| ''[[Viduthalai Part 1]]''
| {{partial|Second unit director}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}
|-
|''[[Raavana Kottam]]''
| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}
|
|-
|2024
| ''[[Viduthalai Part 2]]''
| {{partial|Second unit director}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{y}}
| Final film
|-
|}

===As actor ===
*''Note: all films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! Year !! Film !! Role
! Notes
|-
||2007 || ''[[Polladhavan (2007 film)|Polladhavan]]'' || Selvam's henchman
|Uncredited role
|-
||2017 || ''[[Kodiveeran]]'' ||Durai
|
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|6176574}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sugumaran, Vikram}}
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian film directors]]
[[Category:Indian experimental filmmakers]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Ramanathapuram district]]
[[Category:Male actors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

Catholicate College, Pathanamthitta

2026-04-01T04:25:49Z

Joy sagar Murmu: put up a entry w/ infobox

{{Short description|College in Kerala}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Overly detailed|date=November 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2024}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox university|
name=Catholicate College Pathanamthitta|
motto="Fear Of the Lord is the Beginning of Wisdom"|
established={{Start date and age|1952}}|
city=[[Pathanamthitta]] |
state=[[Kerala]]|
country=[[India]]|
principal =Dr. Deepak SR|
undergrad=1200 (2005)|
students=2000|
postgrad=120|
faculty= 110 |
campus=[[Rural]]|
website=|
image=Catholicate College.jpg
}}

'''Catholicate College, Pathanamthitta''', established in 1952, is an institution of higher education at [[Pathanamthitta]] of [[Kerala]], [[India]]. Catholicate College belongs to the first group of colleges in Kerala to receive academic accreditation from the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC). In the fourth cycle of (NAAC) re-accreditation, the college has been re-accredited by NAAC in A++ grade with CGPA of 3.53. The college is owned by [[Malankara Orthodox Church]], founded by Catholicos [[Baselios Geevarghese II]].<ref name="catholicatecollege">{{cite web|url=http://www.catholicatecollege.co.in/college_profile.php|title=Catholicate College Profile|access-date=2 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102200212/http://www.catholicatecollege.co.in/college_profile.php|archive-date=2 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The college was originally planned by Geevarghese Philoxenos, Metropolitan; it was founded in 1952, after his death, by Daniel Philoxenos Metropolitan, who became the first principal of the college.

The principal is Dr. Sindu Jones Prior to her appointment as principal, she served as the Head of the department in the Department of physics, Baselius College, Kottayam. The college is affiliated with [[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala|Mahatma Gandhi University]], [[Kottayam]].

==Academics==
The college has 2,000 students. It has 110 teaching and 67 administrative staff on its rolls. There are degree courses in English, Malayalam, Hindi, economics, history, mathematics, physics, chemistry, botany, zoology, commerce & tourism, computer application. The college has research facilities in the departments of Malayalam, Hindi, zoology, botany, physics and mathematics.

The college has a study center of the [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]].

==Donations==
NSS, Bhoomitrasena club and staff club of the college donated 14 houses to the poor. 

==Courses==
The college has four UGC-sponsored career oriented add-on courses:
* Computer Technology (Department Of Physics)
* Video Production and Science Communication (Department Of Chemistry)
* Lab Technology Medical (Department Of Zoology)
* Yoga & Stress Management (Department Of Physical Education)

The Physics department has two US-based student chapters:
* S P I E (Society of Photo optical Instrumentation Engineers)
* O.S.A (Optical society of America)

The college has an A++ accreditation from NAAC (as per revision in 2023)

==Principals==

* Daniel Mar Philexinos Metropolitan (P.E. Daniel Ramban) was the first principal. (1952–53)
* Dr. [[Nicholas Zernov|N. M. Zernov]], Britain (1953–54)
* Prof. Peter S. Wright, Britain (1954–55)
* Prof. Ninan Abraham (1955–57)
* Prof. Puthencavu Mathen Tharakan (1957–58)
* Prof. E. T. Mathew (1958–59)
* Prof. T. B. Ninan (1959–61)
* Dr. J. Alexander (1963–75)
* Prof. V. T. Thomas (1975–76)
* Prof. C. N. Mathew (1976)
* Dr. Paul C. Varghese (1976–83)
* Prof. N.G.Kunjachen (1983)
* Dr. T. A. George (1983–92)
* Prof. V. I. Joseph (1992–93)
* Dr. K.C John (1993–99)
* Prof. E. Jacob John (1999–2001)
* Prof. Abraham George (2001–2002)
* Fr. Dr. K T Mathewkutty (2002–2005)
* Prof. Prasad Thomas (2005–2006)
* Dr. George Eapen (2006–2007)
* Dr. Saramma Varghese (2007–2010)
* Dr. George Varghese Koppara (2010- 2014)
* Dr. Mathew P Joseph (2014- 2021)
* Dr. Philipose Omman (2021- 2023)
* Dr. Sunil Jacob (2023–2024)
* Dr. Sindu Jones (2024–present)

==Departments==
* English
* Malayalam
* Hindi
* Syriac
* Economics
* Commerce & Tourism
* Computer Application
* Mathematics
* Physics
* Chemistry
* Botany
* Zoology
* Physical Education

==Notable alumni==
* [[Padma Shri]] [[Thekkethil Kochandy Alex]]
* [[Captain Raju]], actor and former [[Indian Army]] officer
* [[Rahul Mamkootathil]], [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[Palakkad Assembly constituency|Palakkad]]
* [[Benyamin (writer)|Benyamin]], writer
* [[S. Ramesan Nair]], lyricist and poet
* [[P. D. T. Achary]], former secretary general of Lok Sabha

==Notable faculty==
* [[Veena George]], minister for health & family welfare, [[Government of Kerala]]
*[[Madhu Eravankara]], notable film director, film critic and author.

==External links==
*[http://catholicatecollege.com/ Catholicate College website]
*[http://ccaakwt.com/ Alumni Association, Kuwait]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080522080711/http://www.catholicatealumnidubai.com/index.html Alumni Association, Dubai]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080810221656/http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_collegiate/list.htm#pat Government of Kerala colleges list]
*https://web.archive.org/web/20171107170506/http://www.asishinside.com/search/label/catholicate

{{coord|9.2594|76.7805|type:edu_region:IN-KL|display=title}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Christianity in Kerala}}
{{Education in Kerala}}

[[List of colleges affiliated with Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala#Art and Sciences]]

[[Category:Christian universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Arts and Science colleges in Kerala]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala]]
[[Category:Malankara Orthodox Syrian church buildings]]
[[Category:Catholicate College Pathanamthitta]]
[[Category:Education in Pathanamthitta]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1952]]
[[Category:1952 establishments in India]]

Theatre Arts Workshop

2026-03-31T20:17:40Z

Joy sagar Murmu: started a article needs work

{{short description|Indian theatre organization}}
{{Infobox organization
|image =
|image size =
|name = Theatre Arts Workshop
|established = 1966
|type = Theatre Organization
|website = {{URL|taw.org.in}}
}}

The '''Theatre Arts Workshop''' ('''TAW''') is a non-profit making, registered cultural organization established in 1966, in [[Lucknow]], India.<ref name="Herald19710905" />

As well as the plays of [[William Shakespeare]] and his contemporaries, TAW produces new work from living artists and develops creative links with theatre-makers.

TAW will celebrate its 50 anniversary in March 2016.

==Foundation and history==

In December 1963, ten members organized a theatre play and put through a programme – ''An Evening with Young Actors'' – which included Edna St. Vincent Millay's ''Aria da Capo'', scenes from ''[[Twelfth Night]]'' and ''Macbeth'', ''The Valiant'' and a dramatized reading of [[Hamlet]], Eliot, ''[[The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock]]''. [[Raj Bisaria]] produced and directed all the plays, and decided to register a theatre group with a managing body and using local talent. A bilingual group theatre (English and Hindi), the central concern the development of a genuine interest in theatre-craft and creating within its scope, a theatre-consciousness, an ability to appreciate the drama of ideas and technique.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kala|first1=S.C.|title=An Evening With Young Actors|publisher=The Illustrated Weekly Of India|date=January 5, 1964}}</ref>

Bisaria financed the project, selected members for the committee, picked out a group of four English actors and helpers, and established what has since then been called Theatre Arts Workshop.<ref>{{cite news|title=Theatre Arts Workshop, Lucknow|publisher=The National Herald, Lucknow|date=April 6, 1969}}</ref>

Thus in 1966, ''Theatre Arts Workshop'' ('''TAW''') was founded by Raj Bisaria, as a president and artistic director, with the aim of creating interest in dramatic arts among the young, and help them to develop an insight into acting, direction and allied arts. The name ‘Theatre Arts Workshop’ is for theatre and allied performing arts; its members are to be exposed to workshop methods of representation. TAW was to be a training organization and then a performing group, with its motto ''‘training before performance’''. Its philosophy is ''"your right is to work only, but never the fruit thereof. Let not the fruit of action be your object, nor let your attachment be to inaction."'' – Sri [[Krishna]] to sorrowing Arjuna (The Bhagvadgita, chapter II - 47)

A token grant has been given by the Government of India – sufficient to meet the expenditure for one production.

==Theatre==

William Shakespeare's ''[[Othello]]'' was the first play performed by the group, on 12 February 1966. It was adapted to be played by four actors, all British, and directed by Raj Bisaria, in the English language.<ref>{{cite news|title=The way of a pioneer|publisher=The Overseas Hindustan Times, New Delhi|date=May 30, 1970}}</ref>

TAW has mounted over eighty major theatre productions till now. They have included performances both in English and Hindustani, and have included a range of plays from the US and England, major European plays and Indian plays drawn from various regional languages and Hindi. The productions have been interspersed with workshops, talks, arts shows and exchange programmes.<ref name="The Pioneer, Lucknow">{{cite news|last1=Sagar|first1=Anand|title=Raj Bisaria Learns To Give More Than He Gets|publisher=The Pioneer, Lucknow|date=March 26, 1978}}</ref>

TAW mounted on stage the plays by European, American and Indian playwrights; its repertory including a selection from [[William Shakespeare]], [[G.B. Shaw]], Sartre, Ionesco, Christopher Fry, [[Arthur Miller]], [[Tennessee Williams]], [[Noël Coward]], Ronald Duncan, Rattigan, [[Harold Pinter]], [[Peter Shaffer]], [[Jean Anouilh]], [[Maxwell Anderson]], [[Mohan Rakesh]], Badal Sircar, [[Adya Rangacharya]], [[Dharamvir Bharati]], Shesh and Mohit Chatterjee and productions of Ann Jellicoe, Edward Albee and Orton, which proved too radical in the context of existing provincial attitudes which TAW is trying to change.<ref name="Mid-Day, Mumbai">{{cite news|last1=Thakore|first1=Dolly|title=Raj Bisaria: founder of the Hindi Theatre Movement|publisher=Mid-Day, Mumbai|date=June 3, 1984}}</ref>

===English theatre===

The TAW started its venture in English language with Shakespeare's ''Othello'' in 1966, Christopher Fry's poetic play ''A Phoenix too Frequent'' and [[Eugène Ionesco]]’s absurdist play ''The Lesson'' in 1967.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Narain|first1=Prof. S.K.|title=TAW : Bisaria's Fresh Effort|publisher=National Herald, Sunday Magazine|date=May 9, 1971}}</ref>

In 1967 Raj Bisaria decided to produce and direct [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]'s [[existentialist]] ''In Camera'', Edna St. Vincent Millay’s ''Aria Da Capo'' and Ronald Duncan’s translation of 12th century classic ''[[Abelard and Heloise (play)|Abelard and Heloise]]'' in a three-bill presentation, in November, 1967. These were crucial productions as TAW’s audience wavered between shocked admiration and shocked disgust.<ref>{{cite news|title=Memorable Stage Performance|publisher=The National Herald|date=May 6, 1967}}</ref>

===Hindi and Urdu theatre===

Raj Bisaria invited Delhi groups to produce, under TAW’s auspices, plays in Hindi with a view to making local groups conscious of the potentialities and challenges of Hindi theatre.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nairan|first1=Prof. S.K.|title=TAW-The Protagonist Of Theatre Art|publisher=The Pioneer, Sunday Magazine, Lucknow|date=September 23, 1984}}</ref>

TAW’s first Hindi play was ''Baqi Itihas'', a translation of Badal Sircar’s Bengali play on a thrust stage. It was a non-realistic presentation, using giant slides and specially designed music, the first production of the kind in the country.

''Baqi Itihas'' was followed by a wide range of plays in translation from English, Bengali, Marathi, Kannada, in addition to those originally in Hindi; [[Andha Yug]], Suno Janmejaya, Aadhe-Adhure,<ref name=adhure /> The Cave Dwellers, ''[[Antigone (Anouilh play)|Antigone]]'', [[Garbo (play)|Garbo]], [[Candida (play)|Candida]], ''[[The Father (Strindberg play)|The Father]]'', [[Sleuth (play)|Sleuth]], [[Barefoot in Athens]]<ref name="Barefoot in Athens" /> [[The Caretaker (play)|The Caretaker]],<ref name=alienation>{{cite news|title=Tragedy Of Alienation|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=20 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="When Play Time Gets Serious">{{cite news|last1=Chandra|first1=Vidita|title=When Play Time Gets Serious|publisher=Times of India|date=21 August 2014}}</ref> ''[[The Public Eye (play)|The Public Eye]]'' etc.<ref name="Mid-Day, Mumbai"/>

==Arts==

Apart from the theatre TAW also introduced other allied performing arts for the very first time, like ''Irshad Panjatan’s Indian mime'' in 1967, and ''modern dance by America’s Murray Louise Dance Company'' in 1968, ''Indian classical dance by Sonal Mansingh'' in 1970, ''Om Shivpuri’s Hindi theatre group Dishanter'' in 1973, ''Richard Schechners’ environmental theatre'' presentation of ''Mother Courage and Her Children'' from New York in 1976, and ''painting exhibition of R.S. Bisht's miniatures'' in 1973 and the Annapolis Brass Quintet in 1981.<ref>{{cite news|title=A Sonal - Irshad smash hit|publisher=The Pioneer, Lucknow|date=September 27, 1970}}</ref>

===Workshop===

With its motto ''training before performance'', TAW has been conducting ''comprehensive theatre workshops'' since 1966, for young theatre aspirants. Its training primarily focuses on ''psychological and realistic acting'', with special attention on ''voice and body''. As of 2015 over 100 acting and theatre workshops have been organised by TAW.

==Major productions==
{{div col}}
* Feb 1966 ''[[Othello]]'', in English, directed by Raj Bisaria<ref name="Nagar">{{cite journal|last=Nagar|first=Mr. Sharad|title=Lession in Lucknow Box|journal=Enact|date=6 June 1967}}</ref> - [[William Shakespeare]]
* May 1967 ''A Phoenix too Frequent'', in English, directed by Raj Bisaria<ref name="Herald19670506">{{cite news|title=A Rare Treat For Theatre-Goers|newspaper=National Herald|date=May 6, 1967}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Amateurs Steal the Show|journal=Enlite|date=10 June 1967}}</ref> - [[Christopher Fry]]
* May 1967 ''[[The Lesson]]'' in English,<ref name="Nagar" /><ref name="Herald19670506" /> - [[Eugène Ionesco]], directed by Raj Bisaria
* Nov 1967 ''[[No Exit|In Camera]]'' in English,<ref name="Enlite19680106">{{cite news|title=Three Course Menu|newspaper=Enlite|date=Jan 6, 1968}}</ref> - [[Jean-Paul Sartre]], directed by Raj Bisaria
* Nov 1967 ''Aria Da Capo'' in English,<ref name="Enlite19680106" /> - [[Edna St. Vincent Millay]], directed by Raj Bisaria
* Nov 1967 ''[[Abelard and Heloise (play)|Abelard and Heloise]]'' in English,<ref name="Enlite19680106" /> - [[Ronald Duncan]], directed by Raj Bisaria
* Mar 1968 ''[[The Knack]]'' in English,<ref>{{cite news|title='The Knack' at Ravindralaya|newspaper=The Pioneer|date=March 31, 1968}}</ref> - [[Ann Jellicoe]], directed by Raj Bisaria
* Oct 1968 ''[[Hello Out There!]]'' in English, directed by Raj Bisaria<ref name="Pioneer19681014">{{cite news|title=TAW's Hat Trick - Realism, Evasion and Absurd|newspaper=The Pioneer|date=October 14, 1968}}</ref> - [[William Saroyan]]
* Oct 1968 ''[[The Zoo Story]]'' in English,<ref name="Pioneer19681014" /> - [[Edward Albee]], directed by Raj Bisaria
* Oct 1968 ''[[The White Liars]]'' in English,<ref name="Pioneer19681014" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Better and Better|newspaper=The Pioneer|date=October 21, 1968}}</ref> - [[Peter Shaffer]], directed by Raj Bisaria
* Dec 1968 ''[[Nude with Violin]]'' in English, directed by Usha Panje<ref>{{cite news|title=Drama of Art and Laughter|newspaper=The Pioneer|date=December 13, 1968}}</ref> - [[Noël Coward]]
* May 1969 ''[[The Glass Menagerie]]'' in English, directed by Hari Pillai<ref>{{cite news|title=Tennessee Williams' Play At Ravindralaya|newspaper=The Pioneer|date=May 14, 1969}}</ref>] - [[Tennessee Williams]]
* Aug 1969 ''[[Harlequinade]]'' in English, [[Terence Rattigan]], directed by Usha Panje<ref name="Herald19710905">{{cite news|last=Shepherd|first=Keith|title=Lone Steps Across The Boards|newspaper=The National Herald|date=5 September 1971}}</ref>
* Aug 1969 ''[[The Triumph of the Egg]]'' in English, [[Sherwood Anderson]], directed by Usha Panje<ref name="Herald19710905" />
* April 1970 ''[[The Real Inspector Hound]]'' in English, directed by Usha Panje<ref name="Shepherd">{{cite news|last=Shepherd|first=Keith|title=A tete-a-tete with Bisaria|newspaper=The National Herald, Lucknow|date=12 September 1971 |ref=CITEREFShepherd19710912}}</ref>
* May 1971 ''[[Black Comedy (play)|Black Comedy]]'' in English, [[Peter Shaffer]], directed by Raj Bisaria<ref name="Herald19710905" />
* Sep 1972 ''Say Who You Are'' in English, Keith Waterhouse and Willis Hall, directed by Raj Bisaria<ref name="Acharya">{{cite news|last=Acharya|first=Lena|title=A Decade Of TAW|newspaper=The National Herald|date=February 2015}}</ref>
* Feb 1974 ''[[Loot (play)|Loot]]'' in English, [[Joe Orton]], directed by Raj Bisaria<ref name="Acharya" />
* May 1973 ''Baki Itihas'' in Hindi, [[Badal Sircar]], directed by Raj Bisaria<ref name="Acharya"/>
* Jun 1973 ''[[Guinea Pig (play)|Guinea Pig]]'' in Hindi, Mohit Chatterji directed by [[Manohar Singh]]
* 1973 ''Shayad, Hunh, Bahut Bada Sawal'' in Hindi, [[Mohan Rakesh]], directed by [[Ram Gopal Bajaj]]<ref>{{cite news|title=TAW's Critics Silenced|work=The Pioneer|date=July 10, 1973}}</ref>
* 1973 ''Andhon Ka Hathi'' in Hindi, [[Sharad Joshi]], directed by Raj Bisaria
* Jul 1974 ''Suno Janmejaya'' in Hindi, Adya Rangacharya, directed by Raj Bisaria<ref>{{cite news|last=Shashi|title='Suno Janamejaya ' - A Critical Review|newspaper=The Pioneer, Lucknow|date=13 May 1977}}</ref>
* Jan 1975 ''Akela Jeev Sadashiv'' in Hindi, Ratnaker Matkari, directed by Raj Bisaria
* Jun 1977 ''[[Antigone (Anouilh play)|Antigone]]'' in Urdu, [[Jean Anouilh]], directed by Raj Bisaria
* April 1978 ''Virodh'' in Hindi, Abhmanyu Anat Shabham, directed by Jeet Jardhari
* 1979 ''Gufavasi-The Cave Dwellers'' in Hindi, [[William Saroyan]], directed by Raj Bisaria<ref name="Saxena">{{cite news|last=Saxena|first=Rajeev|title=Raj Bisaria's 'Fine Madness'|newspaper=The Sunday Observer|date=15 April 1990}}</ref>
* August 1981, 1983 ''Aadhe-Adhure'' in Hindi, [[Mohan Rakesh]], directed by Raj Bisaria<ref name=adhure>{{cite news|title='Adhe Adhure' - Technically Superb Play|newspaper=The Hindu, Madras|date=14 August 1983}}</ref>
* Feb 1983 ''[[The Royal Hunt of the Sun]]'' in Hindi, [[Peter Shaffer]], directed by Raj Bisaria
* August 1983 ''[[Garbo (play)|Garbo]]'' in Hindi, Mahesh Elkunchawar, directed by Raj Bisaria<ref name="Hundu19830817">{{cite news|title=Probe Into Life|newspaper=The Hindu, Madras|date=17 August 1983}}</ref>
* Aug 1984 ''Suniti [[Candida (play)|Candida]]'' in Hindi, [[George Bernard Shaw]] directed by Raj Bisaria<ref name="Hundu19830817" /><ref>{{cite news|title='Suniti' : A Slick Production|newspaper=The Times Of India, Lucknow|date=29 August 1984}}</ref>
* May 1986 ''[[Accidental Death of an Anarchist]]'' in Hindi, [[Dario Fo]], directed by Jugal Kishore
* August 1986 ''[[The Barber of Seville]]'' in Hindi, [[Pierre Beaumarchais]], directed by Jugal Kishore
* November 1986 ''Bol Jamure Bol'' in Hindi, Puneet Asthana, directed by Jugal Kishore
* Apr 1995 ''[[Hot Air (play)|Hot Air]]'' in Hindi, [[Ferenc Karinthy]] directed by Raj Bisaria <ref name="Times198411">{{cite news|title=Mixed response to TAW plays|newspaper=The Times Of India, Lucknow|date=November 1984}}</ref>
* Apr 1995 ''[[The Dumb Waiter]]'' in Hindi, [[Harold Pinter]] directed by Raj Bisaria <ref name="Times198411"/>
* 1990 and 2000 ''Raaz [[Sleuth (play)|Sleuth]]'' in Hindi, [[Anthony Shaffer (writer)|Anthony Shaffer]], directed by Raj Bisaria <ref>{{cite news|last=Pandey|first=Nishi|title=Raj's back with a ''Raaz''|newspaper=Hindustan Times, Lucknow|date=23 January 2000}}</ref>
* 1989 and 2000 ''Pita [[Father]]'' in Hindi, [[August Strindberg]] directed by Raj Bisaria <ref>{{cite news|last=Manjul|first=Tarannum|title=A Man's Search For Identity|newspaper=Hindustan Times, Lucknow|date=12 November 2000}}</ref>
* Feb 2011 ''Landscape and Silence'' in English, [[Harold Pinter]] directed by Raj Bisaria<ref name="Hindustan20110215">{{cite news|title=TAW Plays It And How|newspaper=Hindustan Times, Lucknow|date=15 February 2011}}</ref>
* Feb 2011 ''[[Mountain Language]]'' in Hindi, [[Harold Pinter]] directed by Raj Bisaria<ref name="Hindustan20110215" />
* Feb 2012 ''[[The White Liars]]'' in Hindi, [[Peter Shaffer]] directed by Raj Bisaria <ref>{{cite news|last=Pahwa|first=Meenakshi|title=TREAT FOR THEATRE LOVERS|newspaper=Hindustan Times, Luckonw|date=19 February 2012}}</ref>
* Mar 2012 ''[[Antigone (Anouilh play)|Antigone]]'' in Urdu - [[Jean Anouilh]] directed by Raj Bisaria<ref>{{cite news|title=Sadda Haq|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=March 20, 2012}}</ref>
* Feb 2013 ''[[Barefoot in Athens]]'' in Hindi, [[Maxwell Anderson]], directed by Raj Bisaria <ref name="Barefoot in Athens">{{cite news|last1=Daftur|first1=Swati|title=Universal Truths|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/barefoot-in-athens-review/article6861424.ece|accessdate=17 February 2015|work=The Hindu|date=February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Hindustan20130412">{{cite news|title=Philosophy Revisited!|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=12 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thelucknowtribune.org.cp-33.webhostbox.net/news.php?cat=465 |title=Lucknow Tribune |accessdate=2013-04-05 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531143745/http://www.thelucknowtribune.org.cp-33.webhostbox.net/news.php?cat=465 |archivedate=2014-05-31 }} Carry on TAW!</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/us | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130624173918/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-15/others/37100786_1_theatre-lovers-athens-difficult-task | url-status=live | archive-date=2013-06-24 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=The Times of India: Latest News India, World & Business News, Cricket & Sports, Bollywood}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Bajeli|first=Diwan Singh|title=Finer Side of Life|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/finer-side-of-life/article5660624.ece|work=The Hindu|accessdate=6 Feb 2014}}</ref>
* Aug 2014 ''[[The Caretaker (play)|The Caretaker]]'' in Hindi, [[Harold Pinter]], directed by Raj Bisaria<ref name=alienation /><ref name="When Play Time Gets Serious"/>
* Dec 2014 ''[[The Public Eye (play)|The Public Eye]]'' in Urdu [[Peter Shaffer]], directed by Ashish Tiwari<ref>{{cite news|title=Pati Patni Aur Wo|publisher=Hindustan, Lucknow|date=22 December 2014}}</ref>
* March 2016 Raaz [[Sleuth (play)|Sleuth]], in Hindi [[Anthony Shaffer (writer)|Anthony Shaffer]], directed by Raj Bisaria<ref>{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Piyusha Chaterjee|title=Bisaria's Raaz|publisher=Hindustan Times - HT City|date=3 March 2016}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==Notable actors in productions==
{{div col}}
*[[Anupam Kher]]
*[[Raj Bisaria]]
*[[Ram Gopal Bajaj]]
*[[Rajendra Gupta]]
*[[Surekha Sikri]]
*[[Surya Mohan Kulshreshtha]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128181511/http://www.taw.org.in/|title=Official website|date=28 January 2015}}

[[Category:Theatrical organisations based in India]]

Darshan Raval

2026-03-29T08:43:41Z

Joy sagar Murmu: minor edit

{{short description|Indian singer, composer, actor, and songwriter}}
{{Use dmy dates| date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English| date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Darshan Raval
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1994|10|18}}
| birth_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], India
| image = Darshan-Raval-grace-the-12th-radio-mirchi-music-awards-2020.jpg
| caption =
| occupation = {{Hlist | Singer|composer|songwriter}}
| years_active = 2014–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Dharal Surelia|2025}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Darshan Raval gets married to his 'best friend' Dharal Surelia. See pics |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/darshan-raval-gets-married-to-his-best-friend-dharal-surelia-see-pics-101737215532449.html |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=2025-01-17 |access-date=2025-01-18}}</ref>
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| origin = 
| genre = {{flat list|
* [[Indian pop]]
* [[Filmi]]
}}
| label = {{flat list|
* Indie Music Label
* [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
* [[Sony Music India]]
* [[Warner Music India]]
* [[Tips Industries| Tips Music Industries Limited]]
}}
}}
| module2 = {{Infobox youtuber
| child = yes
| youtube_handle = DarshanRavalDZ
| youtube_display_name =
| youtube_years_active = 2008–present
| youtube_genre = Music
| youtube_subscribers = 4.29 million
| youtube_views = 952.2 million
| stats_update = 12 July 2025
}}
}}

'''Darshan Raval''' (born 18 October 1994)<ref>{{cite news|title=I don't create songs to meet expectations |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/i-don-t-create-songs-to-meet-expectations-darshan-raval-101667645785302.html|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2023-06-29}}</ref> is an Indian singer, composer, and songwriter. He is known for his work in [[Hindi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]]. He was runner-up in the 2014 [[StarPlus]] reality music show [[India's Raw Star]].<ref name="indiatoday-2014">{{Cite news |date=1 December 2014 |title=India's Raw Star: Rituraj Mohanty beats Darshan Raval to be the winner |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/rituraj-mohanty-darshan-raval-india-raw-star-gauahar-khan-himmesh-reshammiya-honey-singh-mohit-gaur-229265-2014-12-01 |access-date=1 December 2014 |work=www.indiatoday.in |pages=1}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Darshan Raval was born on 18 October 1994 in [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]] into a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] [[Hinduism|Hindu]] family.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-07 |title=Darshan Raval Girlfriend: The Singer's Career & Personal Life - OtakuKart |url=https://otakukart.com/darshan-raval-girlfriend-the-singers-career-personal-life/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=otakukart.com |language=en-US}}</ref> His father Rajendra Raval is a freelance writer. His mother Rajal Raval was a housemaker.

Raval was expelled from college due to poor academic performance.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bareilly/darshan-rawal-i-was-thrown-out-of-college-for-not-being-a-good-student/articleshow/63046358.cms |title=Darshan Rawal: I was thrown out of college for not being a good student |work=The Times of India |access-date=12 November 2018}}</ref>

==Career==

In 2014, Raval began his career by participating in the reality show "India's Raw Star," led by [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]] where he was the first runner-up.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/indias-raw-stars-contestants-shining-with-each-passing-day/articleshow/46847001.cms |title=India's Raw Star's contestants shining with each passing day!
|date=8 April 2015|work= [[The Times of India]]|access-date=24 September 2023}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday-2014" /> Raval has mentioned the support of [[Himesh Reshammiya]] as an important factor in his initial success in [[Hindi cinema|Bollywood]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-03 |title=Teraa Suroor song Bekhudi: Darshan Raval breathes life into Himesh Reshammiya's sob story |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/teraa-suroor-song-bekhudi-darshan-raval-breathes-life-into-himesh-reshammiyas-sob-story-916388/ |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=India.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-18 |title=Himesh to record songs with India's Raw Star contestants |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/himesh-to-record-songs-with-india-s-raw-star-contestants/story-662nAn8k0eTgausrW8rUcO.html |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

As of 2023, he has released several popular songs in different languages, including [[Hindi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]. Some of his notable works include ''"Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga"'' from the [[Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga|film]] with the same name," "''Chogada''" in the film ''[[Loveyatri]]'', "Kabhi Tumhe" in Shershaah and "''Kheech Meri Photo''" in [[Sanam Teri Kasam (2016 film)|Sanam Teri Kasam]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Arpita |date=2019-02-19 |title=Dealing with fame was complicated, says Darshan Raval |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities-dealing-with-fame-was-complicated-says-darshan-raval-505237 |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=[[India TV]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Media ==
Raval was ranked in [[Times of India|The Times Most Desirable Men]] at No. 45 in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Here are the other winners of The Times 50 Most Desirable Men 2017 - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/here-are-the-other-winners-of-the-times-50-most-desirable-men-2017/articleshow/64017683.cms |access-date=6 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=4 May 2018 |language=en}}</ref> He won awards for Transmedia Gujarati Screen and Stage Award for Best Male Singer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The True-Blue Boy — Darshan Raval | date=28 April 2023 |url=https://weddingaffair.co.in/the-true-blue-boy-darshan-raval/#:~:text=The%20talented%20singer%20won%20awards,named%20'Dip%20Zip%20Band'}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He married his best friend and long time girlfriend, Dharal Surelia who is the founder and principal architect at Butter Concepts. The couple tied the knot on 18 January 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-22 |title=Singer Darshan Raval's regal sherwani and Dharal Surelia's vibrant pink saree look from wedding festivities goes viral |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/celeb-style/singer-darshan-ravals-regal-sherwani-and-dharal-surelias-vibrant-pink-saree-look-from-wedding-festivities-goes-viral/articleshow/117443949.cms |access-date=2025-01-31 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Discography ==

=== Film songs ===

==== Hindi ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Film
!Song
!Music
!Lyrics
!Co-singers
!Note
|-
|2015
|''[[Prem Ratan Dhan Payo]]''
|"Jab Tum Chaho"
| rowspan="4" |[[Himesh Reshammiya]]
|[[Irshad Kamil]]
|[[Mohammed Irfan (singer)|Mohammed Irfan]], [[Palak Muchhal]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|2016
| rowspan="2" |''[[Teraa Surroor]]''
|"Main Woh Chaand"
|[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
|
|
|-
|"Bekhudi"
|[[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]
|[[Aditi Singh Sharma]]
|
|-
|''[[Sanam Teri Kasam (2016 film)|Sanam Teri Kasam]]''
|"[[Kheech Meri Photo]]"
|[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
|[[Neeti Mohan]], [[Akasa Singh]]
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2018
|''Dost Taru Sapnu''
|"Khwahish Mein Teri"
|Amit Sharad Trivedi
|Nadeem Ahmad
|
|Gujarati film; Hindi soundtrack version
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Loveyatri]]''
|"Chogada"
| rowspan="3" |Lijo George-DJ Chetas
| rowspan="2" |Himself, [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]
|[[Asees Kaur]]
|
|-
|"Chogada (Unplugged)"
| rowspan="2" |
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Mitron]]''
|"Kamariya"
|[[Kumaar]]
|
|-
|"Sanedo"
|[[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Tanishk-Vayu|Vayu]]
|Vayu
|[[Raja Hasan]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2019
|''[[Petta (film)|Petta]]''
|"Nazar Sarsari"
|[[Anirudh Ravichander]]
|Raqueeb Alam
|
|Tamil film; Hindi soundtrack version
|-
|''[[Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga]]''
|"Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga"
|[[R. D. Burman]]
(recreated by [[Rochak Kohli]])
|[[Javed Akhtar]]
(rewritten by Gurpreet Saini)
|[[Rochak Kohli]]
|
|-
|''[[Made In China (2019 film)|Made in China]]''
|"Odhani"
|[[Sachin–Jigar]]
|[[Niren Bhatt]], [[Sachin–Jigar|Jigar Saraiya]]
|[[Neha Kakkar]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2020
| rowspan="2" |''[[Love Aaj Kal (2020 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]''
|"Mehrama"
| rowspan="3" |[[Pritam]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Irshad Kamil]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Antara Mitra]]
|
|-
|"Mehrama" (Extended)
|
|-
|[[Ludo (film)|''Ludo'']]
|"Dil Julaha"
|[[Swanand Kirkire]]
|
|[[Netflix]] film
|-
|rowspan="4" |2021
|''[[Shershaah]]''
|"Kabhi Tumhe"
|[[Javed-Mohsin]]
|[[Rashmi Virag]]
|
|[[Amazon Prime Video]] film
|-
|[[Bell Bottom (2021 film)|''Bell Bottom'']]
|"Khair Mangde (Male Version)"
|Shantanu Dutta
|Seema Saini
|
|
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Tadap (2021 film)|''Tadap'']]
|"Tere Siva Jag mein"
| rowspan="4" |[[Pritam]]
|rowspan=2|[[Irshad Kamil]], Sholke Lal, Charan
|[[Shilpa Rao]], Charan
|
|-
|"Tere Siva Jag Mein (Cafe Mix)"
|
|
|-
|rowspan = "3"|2023
|''[[Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani]]''
|"Dhindora Baje Re"
|rowspan=2|[[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
|[[Bhoomi Trivedi]]
|
|-
|''[[The Great Indian Family]]''
|"Sahibaa"
|[[Antara Mitra]]
|
|-
|''[[Aankh Micholi (2023 film)|Aankh Micholi]]''
|"Kaleja Kad Ke"
|[[Sachin-Jigar]]
|[[Sachin-Jigar|Jigar Saraiya]]
|[[Asees Kaur]]
|
|-
|rowspan=4|2024
|''[[Chandu Champion]]''
|"Na Door Hai Na Paas Hai"
|[[Pritam]]
|[[Kausar Munir]]
|
|
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[Ishq Vishk Rebound]]''
|"Soni Soni"
|rowspan=2|[[Rochak Kohli]]
|Gurpreet Saini
|[[Jonita Gandhi]]
|
|-
|"Jaavi Na"
|[[Kumaar]]
|[[Jasleen Royal]]
|
|-
|''[[The Miranda Brothers]]''
|"Be My Mehbooba"
|[[Amaal Mallik]]
|[[Kumaar]]
|[[Neeti Mohan]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2|2025
|''[[Dhadak 2]]''
|"Preet Re"
|Rochak Kohli
|Gurpreet Saini
|Jonita Gandhi
|
|-
|''[[Tere Ishk Mein]]''
|"Jigar Thanda"
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[Irshad Kamil]]
|
|
|}

==== Gujarati ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Film
!Song
!Music
!Lyrics
!Co-singer(s)
!Notes
|-
|2013
|''Koi Ne Kehsho Nahi''
|"Chakad Chu Chi Chi"
| rowspan="2" |Samir-Mana
| rowspan="2" |Dave Jigar
|Rucha Rawal, Jigar Dan Ghavi
|
|-
|2014
|''[[Whisky Is Risky]]''
|"It's Time to Party"
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2015
| rowspan="3" |''[[Romance Complicated]]''
|"Pehla Varsad"
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |Himself
|
|
|-
|"Pehla Varsad (Sad Version)"
|
|
|-
|"Tu Ne Hoon"
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2016
| rowspan="2" |''Tuu to Gayo''
|"Aa Konu Maara Baap Nu"
| rowspan="2" |Rahul Munjariya, Himself
|Himself, [[Niren Bhatt]]
|
|
|-
|"Kevo Thayo Pagal Hoon"
|Himself
|[[Akasa Singh]]
|
|-
|''Khaatti Meethi Setting''
|"Maro Glass Kyaan Chhe"
|Rishi-Siddharth
| rowspan="2" |[[Niren Bhatt]]
|Jahnvi Shrimankar, Rishi-Siddharth
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
|''[[Chor Bani Thangaat Kare]]''
|"Bhuli Javu Che (Remix Version)"
|[[Sachin–Jigar]]
|
|
|-
|''[[Vitamin She]]''
|"Maachhalio Ude"
|Mehul Surti
|Raeesh Maniar
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
| rowspan="2" |''Aavuj Rehshe''
|"Prem Rog"
| rowspan="2" |Rahul Munjariya, Himself
| rowspan="2" |Nitin Jani
|
|
|-
|"Aavuj Rehshe"
|
|
|}

==== Telugu ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Film
!Song
!Music
!Lyrics
!Co-singer(s)
!Notes
|-
|2019
|''[[Jersey (2019 film)|Jersey]]''
|"Needa Padadhani"
|[[Anirudh Ravichander]]
|Krishna Kanth
|
|
|}

=== Non-film songs ===

==== Hindi ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Album/Single
!Song
!Music
!Lyrics
!Co-singer(s)
!Notes
|-
|2013
|''Mera Dil Dil Dil''
|"Mera Dil Dil Dil"
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |Himself
| rowspan="3" |
|
|-
|2014
|''Pehli Mohabbat''
|"Pehli Mohabbat"
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2015
|''Ishq Chadha Hai''
|"Ishq Chadha Hai"
|
|-
|''Aasma''
|"Aasma"
| colspan="3" |Lokesh Bakshi
|
|-
|''Sunny Sunny - The Workout Song''
|"Sunny Sunny - The Workout Song"
|[[Achu Rajamani]]
|Rahul Seth
|[[Rimi Nique]], Rahul Seth
|ft. [[Sunny Leone]]
|-
|''[[Phir Bhi Na Maane...Badtameez Dil]]''
|All songs except "Yaadein Teri (Jeene Ke Duaa)"
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |Himself
||
|on [[StarPlus]] ([[Hotstar]] for later episodes)
|-
| rowspan="4" |2016
|''Ab Phirse Jab Baarish''
|"Ab Phirse Jab Baarish"
|
|
|-
|''Tu Dua Hai''
|"Tu Dua Hai"
|
|
|-
|''Tuu''
|"Tuu"
|
|
|-
|''Tere Siva''
|"Tere Siva"
|Rishi & Siddharth
|Siddhart Amit Bhavsar
|
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |2017
|''[[U, Me Aur Ghar]]''
|"Tu Hi Tha"
|Nishant Pandey
|Himself
|
|Web film
|-
|''Jahan Bhi Yaad Teri''
|"Jahan Bhi Yaad Teri"
|[[Sachin Gupta (musician)|Sachin Gupta]]
|[[Sachin Gupta (musician)|Sachin Gupta]] & [[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
|[[Sachin Gupta (musician)|Sachin Gupta]]
|
|-
|''Nayan Ne Bandh Rakhine''
|"Nayan Ne Bandh Rakhine"
| rowspan="6" |Himself
|Manhar Udhas (Gujarati Ghazal), [[A. M. Turaz]] (Hindi)
|
|
|-
|''Tera Zikr''
|"Tera Zikr"
| rowspan="3" |[[A. M. Turaz]]
|
|
|-
|''Tera Zikr (Reprise)''
|"Tera Zikr (Reprise)"
|
|
|-
|''Ye Baarish''
|"Ye Baarish"
|
|
|-
|''Saari Ki Saari''
|"Saari Ki Saari"
|Himself
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2018
|''Shab Tum Ho''
|"Shab Tum Ho"
|[[Sayeed Quadri]]
|
|
|-
|''Baarish Lete Aana''
|"Baarish Lete Aana"
| rowspan="2" |Sundeep Gosswami
| rowspan="2" |Naveen Tyagi
|
|
|-
|''Baarish Lete Aana (Unplugged)''
|"Baarish Lete Aana (Unplugged)"
|
|
|-
|''Baarish Lete Aana 2.0''
|"Baarish Lete Aana 2.0"
|
|
|-
|''Do Din''
|"Do Din"
|Himself, Danny Thakrar
|[[Kunaal Vermaa]]
|
|
|-
|''[[Roop - Mard Ka Naya Swaroop]]''
|"Rishta Tha"
|Sangram Jassu
|TBA
|
|
|-
|''[[Subway (restaurant)|Subway]] India Theme - Make It What You Want''
|"Make It What You Want"
|Shor Police
|Puneet Krishna, Bianca Gomes
|Bianca Gomes, [[Clinton Cerejo]]
|[[Subway (restaurant)|''Subway'']] ''India'' Theme
|-
| rowspan="10" |2019
|''[[Four More Shots Please!]]''
|"Yaara Teri Yaari"
|Himself
|Naveen Tyagi
| rowspan="4" |
|Web series; [[Amazon Prime Video]]
|-
|''Bhula Diya''
|"Bhula Diya"
|[[Anurag Saikia]]
|[[A. M. Turaz]]
|
|-
|''Kaash Aisa Hota''
|"Kaash Aisa Hota"
|Himself
| rowspan="2" |Himself
|
|-
|''Kaash Aisa Hota (Remix)''
|"Kaash Aisa Hota" (Remix)
|Himself, Lijo George-DJ Chetas
|
|-
|''Jammin - Season 2''
|"Kaash Tum Mere Hote"
|[[Salim–Sulaiman]]
|Pankaj L Pandya
|[[Sukriti Kakar]]
|
|-
|''Hawa Banke''
|"Hawa Banke"
| colspan="2" |[[Nirmaan]]
| rowspan="2" |
|Inspired by [[Hadiqa Kiani]]'s "Boohe Bariyan"
|-
|''Dil Mera Blast''
|"Dil Mera Blast"
|[[Javed–Mohsin]]
|Danish Sabri
|
|-
|''Yaari Ka Circle''
|"Yaari Ka Circle"
| colspan="2" |[[Tanishk Bagchi]]
|[[Jonita Gandhi]]
|
|-
|''Tu Mileya''
|"Tu Mileya"
|Himself
|Gupreet Saini, Gautam G Sharma
|
|
|-
|''Aa Jaana''
|"Aa Jaana"
|Lijo George-DJ Chetas
|[[Kumaar]]
|[[Prakriti Kakar]]
|
|-
| rowspan="14" |2020
|''Asal Mein''
|"Asal Mein"
|Himself
| rowspan="3" |Gupreet Saini, Gautam G Sharma
| rowspan="3" |
|
|-
|''Asal Mein (Remix)''
|"Asal Mein (Remix)"
|Himself, Lijo George-DJ Chetas
|
|-
|''[[Bhula Dunga]]''
|"Bhula Dunga"
|Himself
|ft. [[Sidharth Shukla]] and [[Shehnaaz Gill]]
|-
|''Saari Ki Saari 2.0''
|"Saari Ki Saari 2.0"
|Himself, Lijo George
|Himself
|[[Asees Kaur]]
|
|-
|''Tere Naal''
|"Tere Naal"
| rowspan="3" |Himself
|Gupreet Saini, Gautam G Sharma
|[[Tulsi Kumar]]
|
|-
|''Ek Tarfa''
|"Ek Tarfa"
| rowspan="2" |Youngveer
| rowspan="2" |
|
|-
|''Ek Tarfa (Reprise)''
|"Ek Tarfa (Reprise)"
|
|-
|''Ek Tarfa 2.0''
|"Ek Tarfa 2.0"
|
|-
|''Teri Aankhon Mein''
|"Teri Aankhon Mein"
|[[Manan Bhardwaj]]
|[[Kumaar]]
|[[Neha Kakkar]]
|ft. [[Divya Khosla Kumar]], [[Pearl V Puri]] and [[Rohit Suchanti]]
|-
| rowspan="6" |''Judaiyaan''
|"Judaiyaan"
| rowspan="3" |Himself
|[[Rashmi Virag]]
|[[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|
|-
|"Mujhe Peene Do"
|Gupreet Saini, Gautam G Sharma
| rowspan="6" |
|
|-
|"Mujhe Peene Do 2.0"
|Gupreet Saini, Gautam G Sharma
| rowspan="6" |
|
|-
|"Barsaat"
|[[Rashmi Virag]]
|
|-
|"Main Kisi Aur Ka"
|Siddharth Amit Bhavsar
|Gupreet Saini, Gautam G Sharma
|
|-
|"Maa"
| rowspan="3" |Himself
|Himself
|
|-
|"Judaiyaan (Reprise)"
|[[Rashmi Virag]]
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |2021
|''Rabba Mehar Kari''
|"Rabba Mehar Kari"
|Youngveer
|ft. Darshan Raval and [[Diksha Singh]]
|-
|''Vilayati Sharaab''
|"Vilayati Sharaab"
|Lijo George-DJ Chetas
|[[Kumaar]]
|[[Neeti Mohan]]
|ft. [[Allu Sirish]] and Heli Daruwala
|-
|''Is Qadar''
|"Is Qadar"
|[[Sachet–Parampara]]
|[[Sayeed Quadri]]
|[[Tulsi Kumar]]
|
|-
|''Dil Hai Deewana''
|"Dil Hai Deewana"
|[[Tanishk Bagchi]]
|[[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]
|Zara Khan
|ft. [[Arjun Kapoor]] and [[Rakul Preet Singh]]
|-
|''Jannat Ve''
|"Jannat Ve"
|Himself
|Nirmaan
|
|
|-
|''Tera Naam''
|"Tera Naam"
| colspan="2" |Manan Bhardwaj
|[[Tulsi Kumar]]
|
|-
|''Duniya Chhor Doon''
|"Duniya Chhor Doon"
|Aditya Dev
|Youngveer
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2022
|''Goriye''
|"Goriye"
|Gurpreet Saini
|rowspan=3 |Gurpreet Saini and Gautam G Sharma
|
|ft. [[Malvika Raaj]]<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-03-11 |title=होली से पहले धूम मचा रहा है दर्शन रावल का नया गाना 'गोरिये' |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/ott/darshan-raval-latest-song-goriye-watch-here-first-time-singer-danced-in-the-music-video-breaking-the-internet-now-1109443.html |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=TV9 Bharatvarsh |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
| ''Baarishion Mein''
| "Baarishion Mein"
| rowspan=2 |Himself
|
|ft. [[Malvika Sharma]]<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-07-12 |title=Watch Latest Hindi Video Song 'Baarishon Mein' Sung By Darshan Raval|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/watch-latest-hindi-video-song-baarishon-mein-sung-by-darshan-raval/videoshow/92804774.cms|access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Times of India| language=hi}}</ref>
|-
| ''Tum Mere''
| "Tum Mere"
|
|
|-
|''Dhol Bajaa''
|"Dhol Bajaa"
|Javed-Mohsin
| colspan="1" |Danish Sabri
|Prakriti Giri
|ft. Warina Hussain
|-
|''Mann Mohini''
|"Mann Mohini"
|Anmol Daniel
|Gurpeet Saini
|
|1 Min Music
|-
| rowspan="11" |2023
|''Piya Re''
|"Piya Re"
| rowspan="14" |Himself
|Gurpreet Saini and Gautam G Sharma
|
|
|-
| rowspan="9" |''[https://youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_n-UmcfMxq4gZc1HCjsw9POewHSbfHMw4g&feature=shared]"Dard"''
|"Ho Nai Sakda"
|Youngveer and [[Mohsin Shaikh]]
|
|
|-
|"Mahiye Jinna Sohna"
| rowspan="6" |Youngveer
|
|
|-
|"Lo Aayi Barsaat"
|
|
|-
|"Haaye Dard"
|
|
|-
|"Jaane De"
|
|
|-
|"Faasla"
|[[Shirley Setia]]
|
|-
|"Mannat"
|[[Prakriti Kakar]]
|
|-
|"Saahiba"
| rowspan="2" |Youngveer and Himself
|
|
|-
|"Mahiye Jinna Sohna (Unplugged)"
|
|
|-
|[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gxdTDk6WV4 ''Saajan Ve'']
|"Saajan Ve"
| rowspan="4" |Gurpreet Saini
|
|
|-
| rowspan="10" |2024
|''Tu Hai''
|"Tu Hai"
|Prakriti Giri
|ft. Neha Sharma
|-
| rowspan="9" |''Out of Control''
|"Jeeja"
|
|ft. Chandni B.
|-
|"Kinni Soni"
|
|ft. Shruti Sharma
|-
|"O Beliya"
|
| rowspan="7" |Himself
|
|ft. [[Ahsaas Channa]]<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-10-15 |title=Ahsaas Channa ticks off a dream from her bucket list with Darshan Raval's 'O Beliya' |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/celebs/2024/Oct/15/ahsaas-channa-ticks-off-a-dream-from-her-bucket-list-with-darshan-ravals-o-beliya |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=Indulgexpress.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|"Taarifein"
|
|
| rowspan="6" |Album audio released on 18 October 2024 (Raval's 30th birthday)
|-
|"Ik Tara"
|
|
|-
|"Batao Zara"
|
|
|-
|"Tera Ho Gaya"
|
|
|-
|"Yaar Mere"
|
|
|-
|"Out of Control"
|
|Panther
|-
| rowspan="5" |2025
|''Sajna''
|"Sajna"
| rowspan="5" |Himself
|Himself
|
|ft. Aditya Gadhvi, Hansika Pareek; Released shortly after Darshan's wedding with Dharal
|-
|''Morni''
|"Morni"
| rowspan="5" |Himself
|Himself
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |''I Loved You''
|"Nafrat"
|Noor
|
| rowspan="4" |Album audio released on 18 October 2025 (Raval's 31st birthday)
|-
|"Jiyaa"
|Himself
|
|-
|"Deewana"
|Gurpreet Saini
|
|-
|"Haara"
|Basharat Ali
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2026
|''Saathiya''
|"Saathiya"
| rowspan="5" |Himself
|Himself
|
|ft. Anmol Daniel, Prakriti Giri, Suryakant Sharma, Rinkle Jain
|}

==== Gujarati ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Album/Single
!Song
!Music
!Lyrics
!Co-singer(s)
!NoteS
|-
|2016
|''Aavi Navratri''
|"Aavi Navratri"
|Rahul Munjariya, Himself
|Himself, Folk lyrics
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
|''Nayan Ne Bandh Rakhine''
|"Nayan Ne Bandh Rakhine"
| rowspan="2" |Himself
|Manhar Udhas (Gujarati Ghazal), [[A. M. Turaz]] (Hindi)
|
|-
|''Taari Vaato (Tera Zikr)''
|"Taari Vaato (Tera Zikr)"
|[[Niren Bhatt]]
|
|Gujrati version of "Tera Zikr"
|}

==== Bengali ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Album/Single
!Song
!Music
!Lyrics
!Co-singer(s)
!Note
|-
|2017
|''Tor Kotha (Tera Zikr)''
|"Tor Kotha (Tera Zikr)"
|Himself
|Ambarish Majmudar
|
|Bengali version of "Tera Zikr"
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|nm6333529}}
* {{Instagram}}
* {{Facebook}}
* {{Twitter}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raval, Darshan}}
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Musicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Singers from Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Male actors from Maharashtra]]

Christ College, Irinjalakuda

2026-03-20T18:24:22Z

Joy sagar Murmu: basic reworked citations for accuracy and cleaned formatting for clarity

{{Short description|College in Kerala, India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}
{{No significant coverage|date=March 2026}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = CHRIST College (Autonomous)
| image = Christ College, Irinjalakuda emblem.png
| image_size =
| motto = "Jeevitha Prabha"
| mottoeng = "Light of Life"
| established = 1956
| principal = Fr. Dr. Jolly Andrews CMI
| vice_chancellor =
| city = [[Irinjalakuda, Thrissur District]]
| state = [[Kerala]]
| postalcode = 680125
| country = India
| coor = {{coord|10.3557|76.21226|type:edu_region:IN-KL|display=inline,title}}
| students = 5130+
| founder = [[Gabriel Chiramel|Fr. Gabriel Chiramel CMI]]
| type = [[Public University|Public]]
| campus = Urban
| nickname = CCAIJK
| academic_affiliations = [[University of Calicut]]
| website = {{URL|https://christcollegeijk.edu.in}}
}}
[[File:Christ College, Irinjalakuda.jpg|thumb|The portico of Christ College (Autonomous), Irinjalakuda]]

'''Christ College (Autonomous), Irinjalakuda''', is a government-aided college located in [[Irinjalakuda]], [[Kerala]], India. It stands as a [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church|Syro-Malabar Catholic]] educational institution administered by the [[Carmelites of Mary Immaculate|Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI)]]. Established in 1956 and affiliated with the [[University of Calicut]], it holds the distinction of being the first college in [[Thrissur district]] to attain an ''''A++' Grade''' certificate from the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC)]] in 2022.

The college was founded by the Devamatha Province of the [[Carmelites of Mary Immaculate|Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI)]], the institution traces its origins to [[Kuriakose Elias Chavara|Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara]], a religious priest who founded the indigenous congregation in 1831.

==History==
Christ College was established in 1956 by [[Gabriel Chiramel|Fr. Gabriel Chiramel CMI]], a priest of Devamatha Province of the [[Carmelites of Mary Immaculate|Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI)]], an indigenous religious congregation founded in 1831 by [[Kuriakose Elias Chavara|St. Kuriakose Elias Chavara]], a religious priest and versatile genius, who envisioned education as a tool for liberation and development.
Christ College has its origin at Mangadikunnu, then a forlorn hill on the outskirts of Irinjalakuda Municipality. The college was inaugurated by [[Burgula Ramakrishna Rao]], then [[Governor of Kerala]] on 13 October 1957. The college started with 240 students and 14 members on the teaching staff. The first Manager of the college was Rev. Fr. Clemens CMI and the first Principal was [[Gabriel Chiramel|Rev. Fr. Gabriel Chiramel CMI]]. In the beginning, the college was affiliated to the [[University of Kerala]] until 1968, when it came under the jurisdiction of the [[University of Calicut]].

==Notable alumni==
*[[K. Satchidanandan]]
*[[P. Jayachandran]]
*[[K. Radhakrishnan]]
*[[P. N. Vinayachandran]]
*[[Kochouseph Chittilappilly]]
*[[V. P. Gangadharan|Dr. V. P. Gangadharan]]
*[[Mala Aravindan]]
*[[Joju George]]
*[[Kamal (director)]]
*[[T. V. Chandran]]
*[[T. P. Senkumar]]
*[[M. P. Vincent]]
*[[Mani C. Kappan]]
*[[Edavela Babu]]
*[[Jiju Asokan]]
*[[Viswanathan Manikan]]
*[[Tom Emmatty]]
*[[P. Rajeeve]]
*[[C. R. Neelakandan]]
*[[Jijoy Rajagopal]]
*[[Aditi Ravi]]
*[[Sowmya Menon]]
*[[Lakshmi Nakshathra]]
*[[Malavika Menon]]

==Notable faculty==
* [[K. Satchidanandan]]
* [[Gabriel Chiramel|Fr. Gabriel Chiramel CMI]]
* [[A. V. George|Dr. A. V. George]]
* [[Syam Sudhakar]]

==In popular culture==
Movies shot at Christ College, Irinjalakuda, include:
* [[Niram]]
* [[Puthiya Mugam]]
* [[Ishtam (2001 Malayalam film)|Ishtam]]
* [[Vaadamalli]]
* [[Manathodu Mazhaikalam]]
* [[Pokkiri Raja (2010 film)|Pokkiri Raja]]
* [[Apoorvaragam]]
* [[Mazhavilkoodaram]]
* [[Dhosth (2001 Malayalam film)|Dosth]]
* [[July 4 (film)|July 4]]
* [[D Company (2013 film)|D Company]]
* [[Mazhathullikkilukkam]]
* [[Twenty:20 (film)|Twenty:20]]
* [[Kaaryasthan]]
* [[2018 (film)|2018]]

==See also==
*[[Christ University]]
*[[University of Calicut]]
*[[St. Joseph's College, Irinjalakuda]]
*[[St. Thomas College, Thrissur]]
*[[Vimala College]]

==References==
{{Reflist|}}
{{Commons category|Christ College, Irinjalakuda}}

{{Christianity in Kerala}}
{{Authority control}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Christ College, Irinjalakuda}}
*[https://christcollegeijk.edu.in/ Official Website of Christ College, Irinjalakuda]

{{Thrissur topics}}
{{Education in Kerala}}
{{Christianity in Kerala}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Christ College, Irinjalakuda}}
[[Category:Syro-Malabar educational institutions]]
[[Category:Catholic universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated with the University of Calicut]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Irinjalakuda]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Arts and Science colleges in Kerala]]
[[Category:Colleges in Thrissur]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in India]]

{{Kerala-university-stub}}

Kalu Singh Mahara

2026-03-15T20:30:26Z

Joy sagar Murmu: expand content per standard format for consistency

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}

'''Kalu Singh Mahara''' was an Indian freedom fighter and [[Kumaoni people|Kumaoni]] leader who rose to prominence during the first [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]. He is regarded as the first major freedom fighter from the state of [[Uttarakhand]] (then part of the [[United Provinces (1937–1950)|United Province]]).

==Early life==

Kalu Singh Mahara was a [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] from Bisung Patti, near [[Lohaghat]], in district [[Champawat]].

==The rebellion==
On receiving a cryptic confidential letter from [[Oudh]], [[Awadh]],<ref>Arun K. Mittal (1986). British Administration in Kumaon Himalayas: A Historical Study, 1815 – 1947. Mittal Publications - Kumaon Himalaya – p 17, of 249 pages</ref> inviting him and other followers to join the brewing rebellion against the British. The letter from the government of Awadh proposed that after regaining power from British, the hill area would be given to the pahadi locals whereas Tarai (plain area) below the hills will be governed by Oudh.

Kalu Singh Mahara accepted and began a campaign of local youth named "Krantiveer" which gained wide-spread support in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand.

Skirmishes across the area of Kali, Sui, Gumdesh and adjoining areas, frustrated the British. His militiamen composed mainly of riflemen ''Bandukchi'' ambushed and harassed the British forces on several occasions.

He once commanded a group of young fighters and set fire to the British Barracks in Lohaghat, which caused the British army to retreat. In retaliation to which Commissioner Ramsey sent military contingents from Tanakpur and Lohaghat to ambush the freedom fighters. Kalu Mahara and his men fought fiercely against the British in Bastia, but were forced to retreat.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tyagi |first=Alka |date=13 Oct 2021 |title=उत्तराखंड: स्वतंत्रता सेनानी कालू सिंह माहरा के सम्मान में डाक विभाग ने जारी किया लिफाफा |work=Amar Ujala |url=https://www.amarujala.com/dehradun/uttarakhand-news-postal-department-issued-envelope-in-honor-of-freedom-fighter-kalu-singh-mahara}}</ref>

Mahara was kept in many jails during this time. While, two other revolutionaries Anand Singh Fartyal and Bishan Singh Karayat were shot by the British.

However, in the end the British quashed the rebellion across northern India. But it led Queen Victoria to declare India as no longer a company territory transforming it into what is known as British India. (see [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]])

== Legacy ==

In 2007, Pawan Maati program was organized from his ancestral house.

In 2010, in the presence of the then DM, Lohaghat intersection was named after him.

Kalu Singh Mahara is revered as a hero in Kumaon division of Uttarakhand. In 2009 a statue of this freedom fighter was installed in Dehradun the capital of Uttarakhand.

Recently{{when|date=February 2026}} the Uttarakhand postal department released a new first day cover to honour him <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Uttarakhand postal dept releases special envelope on Lalu Mahara |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/amp/uttarakhand-postal-dept-releases-special-envelope-on-kalu-mahara/2178058 |url-status=dead |website=Outlook India}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* ''The Himalayan Gazetter'' by E. T. Atkinson
* ''The History of Kumaun'' by B. D. Pandey

==See also==
* [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
* [[Kumaon division|Kumaon(Kumaun)]]
* [[Kumaoni people|Kumaoni(Kumauni) People]]

[[Category:Revolutionaries of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
[[Category:Activists from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:History of Kumaon]]

Raju Weds Rambai

2026-03-13T23:01:22Z

Joy sagar Murmu: Starting new stub from scratch...

{{Short description|2025 Indian Telugu film by Saailu Kampati}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Raju Weds Rambai
| image = Raju Weds Rambai.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Saailu Kampati
| writer = Saailu Kampati
| producer = {{Plain list|
* [[Venu Udugula]]
* Rahul Mopidevi
}}
| starring = {{Plain list|
* Akhil Raj
* Tejaswi Rao
* Chaitu Jonnalagadda
}}
| music = Suresh Bobbili
| cinematography = Wajid Baig
| editing = Naresh Adupa
| studio = {{Plain list|
* Dolamukhi Subaltern Films
* Monsoons Tales
* [[ETV Win]]
}}
| distributor = {{Plain list|
* [[Bunny Vas|Bunny Vas Works]]
* Vamshi Nandipati Entertainments
}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|11|21}}
| runtime = 135 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross = {{estimation}} ₹20.25 crore<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2025 |title=Raju Weds Rambai Movie Total WW Collections
|url=https://t2blive.com/raju-weds-rambai-movie-total-ww-collections/ |language=en}}</ref>
}}
'''''Raju Weds Rambai''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Romance film|romantic]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film written and directed by debutant Saailu Kampati and produced by [[Venu Udugula]] and Rahul Mopidevi under the banners of Dolamukhi Subaltern Films and Monsoons Tales for [[ETV Win]]. The film stars Akhil, Tejaswi Rao, and Chaitu Jonnalagadda.<ref name="‘Raju Weds Rambai’ promises emotional impact">{{cite news |title='Raju Weds Rambai' promises emotional impact |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/raju-weds-rambai-promises-emotional-impact-1024143 |access-date=21 November 2025 |publisher=The Hans India |date=17 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251121155531/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/raju-weds-rambai-promises-emotional-impact-1024143 |archive-date=21 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>. The film is inspired by true events.

The film was released on 21 November 2025.<ref name="Raju Weds Rambai to release on November 212">{{cite news|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Oct/29/raju-weds-rambai-to-release-on-november-21|title=Raju Weds Rambai to release on November 21|date=29 October 2025|accessdate=21 November 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251121073937/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Oct/29/raju-weds-rambai-to-release-on-november-21|archivedate=21 November 2025|publisher=Cinema Express|language=en}}</ref><ref name="‘Raju Weds Rambai’ movie review: This rural romance inspired by true incidents lacks nuance and sensitivity">{{cite news |title='Raju Weds Rambai' movie review: This rural romance inspired by true incidents lacks nuance and sensitivity |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/raju-weds-rambai-movie-review-this-rural-romance-does-not-rise-above-shock-value/article70302631.ece |access-date=21 November 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=21 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251121152335/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/raju-weds-rambai-movie-review-this-rural-romance-does-not-rise-above-shock-value/article70302631.ece |archive-date=21 November 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

Raju Weds Rambai won the [[Telangana Gaddar Film Awards|Gaddar Award]] for Best Feature Film for 2025.<ref name="Telangana Announces 2025 Gaddar Film Awards">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=7 March 2026 |title=Telangana Announces 2025 Gaddar Film Awards |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/gaddar-awards-2025-rashmika-naga-chaitanya-win-best-actor-awards-1942093 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260307070445/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/gaddar-awards-2025-rashmika-naga-chaitanya-win-best-actor-awards-1942093 |archivedate=7 March 2026 |accessdate=7 March 2026 |work= |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film begins with the wedding of one of Raju’s (Akhil Raj Uddemari) friends marriage. During the marriage, the bride is shown to be pregnant. Raju supervises all the activities during the wedding procession and is later seen playing drums at night, highlighting his passion for music and his carefree nature. Raju has a childhood crush on Rambai (Tejaswini Rao), who is the daughter of Venkanna (Chaitu Jonnalagadda), a clerk (compounder) at a government hospital. Raju’s father (Shivaji Raja) asks him to go to Hyderabad, find a job, and settle down. However, Raju refuses to leave his hometown, stating that he is content with his life and enjoys playing drums. Raju begins pursuing Rambai in his own playful and unconventional way. Though she initially rejects him, his persistence and genuine affection gradually break down her defenses, and they eventually fall in love. Venkanna, however, insists that he will marry his daughter only to a man who has a government job.

Raju and Rambai decide to elope, but Rambai becomes scared and repeatedly postpones the plan, giving trivial reasons. Frustrated, Raju asks her to elope on a particular day, but Rambai does not turn up. Enraged, Raju goes to her house, assaults her, and accuses her of not loving him. The villagers witness this incident and inform Venkanna and Rambai’s mother. Both families confront each other at Raju’s house, leading to a violent scuffle. Raju also gets into a fight with his father and leaves home. Later that day, Raju is informed that his father has passed away. Burdened by guilt and responsibility, Raju decides to go to Hyderabad to find a job and clear his family’s debts.

In Hyderabad, Raju constantly thinks about Rambai and is unable to concentrate on his work. Eventually, he is fired from his job at a petrol pump. When he asks for the wages he has earned, the owner refuses to pay him. In desperation, Raju attempts to burn down the petrol pump, but the owner stops him and begs for forgiveness, finally giving him his due payment. Raju returns to the village and clears his family loans. He meets Rambai again, and they rekindle their love. Rambai gives Raju money to buy an auto so that he can earn a stable living. Rambai then asks her father whether she can marry the man she loves, but Venkanna remains firm, stating that she must marry someone with a government job. Raju and Rambai come up with a desperate plan: if Rambai becomes pregnant, Venkanna will be forced to accept their marriage. Rambai becomes pregnant, and when Venkanna discovers this, he takes her to the government hospital and forces the doctor to abort the baby. He then tries to arrange her marriage with another man who has a government job. Raju learns about this alliance and meets the prospective groom. He reveals that Rambai loves him and that Venkanna had their unborn child aborted. Shocked by the truth, the groom backs out. Left with no choice, Venkanna is forced to agree to Rambai’s marriage with Raju. Consumed by rage and hatred, Venkanna later goes to the hospital, obtains an HIV-infected syringe, and injects Rambai with it. Rambai is subsequently diagnosed with HIV and asks Raju to forget her and marry someone else. Raju refuses, assuring her that they will remain together for as long as she lives. Seven years after the incident, both Raju and Rambai pass away, bringing the tragic love story to an end.
==Cast==
* Akhil Raj Uddemari as Raju
* Tejaswi Rao as Rambai
* Chaitu Jonnalagadda as Venkanna
* [[Shivaji Raja]]
* Anita Chowdhary
* Kavitha Srirangam

== Movie Presenter <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfPedy5yFQE |title=Raju Weds Rambai Trailer {{!}}Akhil Uddemari, Tejaswi Rao {{!}}Shivaji Raja {{!}}Saailu Kaampati {{!}}Suresh Bobbili |date=2025-11-13 |last=Aditya Music |access-date=2026-03-13 |via=YouTube}}</ref> ==
Dr Nageswar Rao Pujari<ref>{{Cite web |last=TeamIH |date=2025-11-21 |title=Raju Weds Rambai Success Meet |url=https://industryhit.com/t/raju-weds-rambai-success-meet/ |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=IndustryHit.Com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eORv5DdTFio |title=Advocate Nageshwar Rao Pujari Speech At Raju Weds Rambai Gratitude Meet - TV9 |date=2025-11-21 |last=TV9 Entertainment |access-date=2026-03-13 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-21 |title=Raju Weds Rambai is connecting with audiences on a deep emotional level: Bunny Vas |url=https://www.telugutimes.net/en/cinemas/cinema-news/raju-weds-rambai-is-connecting-with-audiences-on-a-deep-emotional-level-bunny-vas-332128.html |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=English site |language=en}}</ref>

==Music==
The songs and background score for the film were composed by Suresh Bobbili<ref>{{cite web |date=4 November 2025 |title=Raju Weds Rambai|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/7nLVW523Dbd1LwX6tXIYmh| website=[[Spotify]]}}</ref>.There are total of 5 soundtracks in the album<ref>{{cite web |date=13 December 2025 |title=Raju Weds Rambai - Audio Jukebox|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7c2sCwMPcks| via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>.

{{Infobox album
| name = Raju Weds Rambai
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Suresh Bobbili
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2025|}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Rambai Neemeedha Naku
| length1 = 3:50
| lyrics1 = Mittapally Surendar
| extra1 = [[Anurag Kulkarni]], Jayasri Pallem
| title2 = Ala Ala
| length2 = 3:17
| lyrics2 = Mittapally Surendar
| extra2 = [[Chinmayi Sripada ]]
| title3 = Adagave Prema
| length3 = 2:57
| lyrics3 = Mittapally Surendar
| extra3 = Mittapally Surendar
| title4 = Koodukuntunnadi
| length4 = 3:07
| lyrics4 = Mittapally Surendar
| extra4 = Shankar Babu
| title5 = Kalisundatame
| length5 = 3:21
| lyrics5 = Mittapally Surendar
| extra5 = Suresh Bobbili
}}

===Theatrical ===
''Raju Weds Rambai'' was released in theatres on 21 November 2025.

=== Home media ===
The film began streaming on [[ETV Win]] from 18 December 2025.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 October 2025 |title=Raju Weds Rambai OTT release: When and where to watch Saailu Kaampati's romantic drama online |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/raju-weds-rambai-ott-release-when-and-where-to-watch-saailu-kaampatis-romantic-drama-online-1399225 |access-date=18 December 2025 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] }}</ref>

== Reception ==

===Critical response===
''Raju Weds Rambai'' received average reviews from critics and audiences. Hollywood Reporter India said the movie has outdated romance and shocking value is not greater than storytelling<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2025 |title='Raju Weds Rambai' Movie Review: Despite A Compelling Core, This Romance Stays Outdated |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/raju-weds-rambai-movie-review-despite-a-compelling-core-this-romance-stays-outdated |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en}}</ref>. The Hindu said the movie does not live upto the shock value<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2025 |title='Raju Weds Rambai' movie review: This rural romance does not rise above shock value |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/raju-weds-rambai-movie-review-this-rural-romance-does-not-rise-above-shock-value/article70302631.ece|website=[[The Hindu]]|language=en}}</ref>

===Box office===
The film collected {{INRConvert|7.15|c}} over the first weekend<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2025 |title=Raju Weds Rambai box office: This small film emerges as a big hit, performs strongly on first Monday |website=[[Cinema Express]] |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Nov/25/raju-weds-rambai-box-office-this-small-film-emerges-as-a-big-hit-performs-strongly-on-first-monday}}</ref>.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|38854659|Raju Weds Rambai}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2025 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:ETV Win original films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films set in Telangana]]

R.K. Malhotra

2026-03-13T10:43:26Z

Joy sagar Murmu: Starting the info added tags

{{Short description|Indian businessman (born 1947)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = R.K. Malhotra
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| birth_name = Rajinder Kumar Malhotra
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1947|07|15}}
| birth_place = [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Businessman]]
| known_for = Chief Executive and President of Indofil Industries
| spouse = Madhu Malhotra
| children = 2 (Loveena Saigal and Yuvraj Malhotra)
| relatives = Manju Dhawan
| website = [http://www.indofilcc.com/ Indofil official website]
}}

'''R.K. Malhotra''', (born 15 July 1947) is an Indian [[business executive]] associated with the agricultural chemicals industry. He has been the Chief Executive and President of Indofil Industries Limited since 1994.<ref>{{cite news|title=Indofil plans to set up agro chem plant in Gujarat|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/indofil-plans-to-set-up-agrochem-plant-in-gujarat-112032400012_1.html|accessdate=12 May 2014|newspaper=Business Standard|date=24 March 2012}}</ref> Malhotra heads Indofil, which is a part of [[K.K. Modi]]’s conglomerate with diverse business interests in tobacco, chemicals, entertainment, education and other sectors.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pandit|first=Virendra|title=Indofil forms joint venture with Chinese chemicals co|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/indofil-forms-joint-venture-with-chinese-chemicals-co/article3155436.ece|accessdate=12 May 2014|newspaper=The Hindu Business Line|date=22 March 2012}}</ref>

==Early life and education ==
Malhotra was born on 15 July 1947 in [[Delhi]]. His parents — a former soldier, the late Shri. Raghubirnath and the late Smt. Kailash Kumari had four children. Malhotra graduated (B.Sc. Ag.) from the [[University of Udaipur]] and completed his Post Graduation - M.Sc. in Plant Pathology from the prestigious [[G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology|G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar]] in 1971.

==Career==
The [[Indian Agricultural Research Institute]] (IARI) in [[New Delhi]] was the first step in Malhotra's professional life. After earning his stripes at IARI for two years, he joined Indofil in 1973 in the sales department. During his early time at Indofil, he focused on expanding the company's market share by visiting remote villages and engaging directly with farmers, helping the organization establish a strong foundation in the agricultural sector. In 1994, he was named as the Chief Executive. During his time at the helm of affairs at Indofil, Malhotra oversaw revenue growth of over 600% from Rs.130 Crores in 1994 to Rs.1,023 Crores in 2012. One of his major decisions after becoming the Chief Executive of the company was to launch the International Business Division in 1995. The company now has a presence in 92 countries.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}

In 2012, he facilitated a joint venture— Indo Baijin Chemicals with Chinese company Shanghai Baijin Chemical Group for manufacturing green energy CS2.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indofil Ind JV with Chinese firm to set up green energy plant|url=http://m.moneycontrol.com/news/business/indofil-ind-jvchinese-firm-to-setgreen-energy-plant_684210.html|publisher=moneycontrol.com|accessdate=12 May 2014}}</ref> Continuing in the collaborative spirit, Indofil acquired the right to conduct business in [[Europe]] for Dithane fungicide from [[Dow AgroSciences]] LLC.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dow Chemical sells European fungicide business to Indofil|url=http://www.chemicals-technology.com/news/newsdow-chemical-sells-european-fungicide-business-to-indofil|publisher=chemicals-technology.com|accessdate=12 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dow AgroSciences Divests European Dithane Business to Indofil Industries Ltd.|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2012/03/05/idUS43379+05-Mar-2012+BW20120305|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513010946/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2012/03/05/idUS43379+05-Mar-2012+BW20120305|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 May 2014|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=12 May 2014}}</ref> The company was recognised as the "Best Company from an Emerging Region" at the AGROW awards, [[London]], in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=2010 AGROW AWARD WINNERS ANNOUNCED|url=http://www.agrimarketing.com/show_story.php?id=63704|publisher=AgriMarketing|accessdate=12 May 2014}}</ref>

== Recognition==
* ''Lifetime Achievement'' award from Cotton Research & Development Association (CRDA)— 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=CRDA Life Time Achievement Award|url=http://www.crdaindia.com/lifetime-awards.php?C3|publisher=CRDA|accessdate=12 May 2014}}</ref>
* ''Outstanding Executive of the decade'' award from the Unity International Foundation— 2010-11<ref>{{cite web|title=Board of Directors|url=http://indobaijin.com/board-of-directors.php|publisher=Indobaijin|accessdate=12 May 2014}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Malhotra is married to Madhu and has two children.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

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First-past-the-post voting

2026-03-10T20:10:28Z

Joy sagar Murmu: cleaned up details further and added references for clarity

{{Short description|Plurality voting system}}
{{about|the single-winner system|multiple-winner systems|Plurality voting}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Electoral systems sidebar|expanded=Single-winner}}

[[File:FPTP countries.png|thumb|Countries that primarily use a first-past-the-post voting system for national legislative elections]]
'''First-past-the-post''' ('''FPTP''')—also called '''choose-one''', '''first-preference plurality''' ('''FPP'''), or simply '''plurality'''—is a [[single-winner]] voting rule. Each voter marks one candidate as their favorite, or [[First-preference votes|first-preference]], and the candidate with more first-preference votes than any other candidate (a [[Plurality (voting)|''plurality'']]) is elected, even if they do not have more than half of votes (a ''[[majority]]'').

FPP has been used to elect part of the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|British House of Commons]] since the [[Middle Ages]]<ref>{{cite web |date=26 September 2016 |title=The Boundaries Review is a chance to bring back multi-member constituencies |url=https://blog.politics.ox.ac.uk/boundaries-review-chance-bring-back-multi-member-constituencies/}}</ref> before spreading throughout the [[British Empire]], usually in conjunction with plurality block voting. Throughout the 20th century, the former British colonies of [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]] and many other countries that were using FPP abandoned FPP in favor of other electoral systems. FPP is still [[De jure|officially]] used in the majority of [[U.S. state|US states]] for most elections. However, the combination of [[Partisan primary|partisan primaries]] and a [[two-party system]] in these jurisdictions means that most American elections behave effectively like [[two-round system]]s, in which the first round chooses two main contenders (of which one of them goes on to receive a majority of votes).<ref name=":03222">{{Cite web |last1=Santucci |first1=Jack |last2=Shugart |first2=Matthew |last3=Latner |first3=Michael S. |date=2023-10-16 |title=Toward a Different Kind of Party Government |url=https://protectdemocracy.org/work/toward-a-different-kind-of-party-government/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716205506/https://protectdemocracy.org/work/toward-a-different-kind-of-party-government/ |archive-date=2024-07-16 |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=Protect Democracy |language=en-US |quote="Finally, we should not discount the role of primaries. When we look at the range of countries with [[first-past-the-post]] (FPTP) elections (given no primaries), none with an assembly larger than Jamaica’s (63) has a strict two-party system. These countries include the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Canada]] (where multiparty competition is in fact nationwide). Whether the U.S. should be called ‘FPTP’ itself is dubious, and not only because some states (e.g. [[Georgia (US State)|Georgia]]) hold runoffs or use the [[alternative vote]] (e.g. [[Maine]]). '''Rather, the U.S. has an unusual two-round system in which the first round winnows the field. This usually is at the intraparty level, although sometimes it is without regard to party (e.g. in Alaska and California).'''"}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gallagher |first1=Michael |title=The Politics of Electoral Systems |last2=Mitchell |first2=Paul |date=2005-09-15 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-153151-4 |page=192 |language=en |chapter=The American Electoral System |quote="American elections become a two-round run-off system with a delay of several months between the rounds." |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Igdj1P4vBwMC&q=%22American+elections+become+a+two-round+run-off+system+with+a+delay+of+several+months+between+the+rounds.%22&pg=PA3}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=Bowler |first1=Shaun |title=The United States: A Case of Duvergerian Equilibrium |date=2009 |work=Duverger's Law of Plurality Voting: The Logic of Party Competition in Canada, India, the United Kingdom and the United States |pages=135–146 |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-09720-6_9 |access-date=2024-08-31 |place=New York, NY |publisher=Springer |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-0-387-09720-6_9 |isbn=978-0-387-09720-6 |quote=In effect, the primary system means that the USA has a two-round runoff system of elections. |last2=Grofman |first2=Bernard |last3=Blais |first3=André|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
[[File:Plurality ballot.svg|thumb|right|A first-past-the-post ballot for a single-member district. The voter must mark one (and [[Spoilt vote|only one]]).]]

== Example ==
{{Tenn voting example}}
In FPTP, only the first preferences matter. As such, the votes would be counted as 42% for Memphis, 26% for Nashville, 17% for Knoxville, and 15% for Chattanooga. Since Memphis has the most votes, it would win a FPTP election, even though it is far from the center of the state and a [[Majority-preferred candidate|larger majority of voters would more strongly prefer Nashville]] than any other option. Conversely, [[instant-runoff voting]] would [[Instant-runoff voting#Tennessee|elect Knoxville]], the easternmost city. Such an election result would be an example of [[center squeeze]].
By contrast, both [[Condorcet method]]s and [[score voting]] would [[Condorcet method#Example: Voting on the location of Tennessee's capital|return Nashville]] (the capital of Tennessee).{{Citation needed|date=December 2025|reason=This seems like original writing with links rather than summarizing a study.}}

== Properties and effects ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Table of [[Pathological (mathematics)#In voting and social choice|pathological behaviors]]
* {{Citation needed|date=December 2025|reason=''There should be a separate citation in each of these rows.''}}
!
!Pathology
!Explanation/details
|-
|{{Xmark}}
|[[Frustrated majority paradox|'''Frustrated majority''']]
|The [[frustrated majority paradox]] occurs when a majority of voters prefer some candidate ''Brighton'' to every other candidate, but ''Brighton'' still loses the election. First-past-the-post is vulnerable to this paradox because of vote-splitting.<ref name="lse27685">Felsenthal, Dan S. (2010) [http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/27685/1/Review_of_Paradoxes_Afflicting_Various_Voting_Procedures_(LSERO).pdf Review of paradoxes afflicting various voting procedures where one out of m candidates (m ≥ 2) must be elected] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224094341/http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/27685/1/Review_of_Paradoxes_Afflicting_Various_Voting_Procedures_(LSERO).pdf |date=24 February 2021 }}. In: Assessing Alternative Voting Procedures, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.</ref>
|-
|{{Xmark}}
|[[Condorcet loser criterion|'''Condorcet loser paradox''']]
|The '''[[Condorcet loser criterion|Condorcet loser]]''' paradox happens when a majority of voters prefer every other candidate to ''Brighton'', but ''Brighton'' still wins. First-past-the-post is vulnerable to this paradox because of vote-splitting.<ref name="lse27685" />
|-
|{{Xmark}}
|'''[[Center squeeze]]'''
|The [[center squeeze]] describes a type of violation of [[:Independence of irrelevant alternatives]] primarily affecting voting rules in the [[Plurality-rule family]] where the Condorcet winner is eliminated in an early round or otherwise due to a lack of first-preference support.
|-
|{{Xmark}}
|'''[[Spoiler effect]]'''
|A [[spoiler effect]] is when the results of an election between ''A'' and ''B'' is affected by voters' opinions on an unrelated candidate ''C''. First-past-the-post does not meet this criterion, which makes it vulnerable to [[Spoiler effect|spoilers]].
|-
|{{Xmark}}
|[[Independence of clones|'''Cloning paradox''']]
|The [[Independence of clones|'''cloning paradox''']] is a particular kind of spoiler effect that involves several perfect copies, or "clones", of a candidate. Candidate-cloning causes vote-splitting in FPP.
|-
|{{Xmark}}
|'''[[Reversal symmetry|Best-is-worst paradox]]'''
|The [[best-is-worst paradox]] occurs when an electoral system declares the same candidate to be in first and last place, depending on whether voters rank candidates from best-to-worst or worst-to-best. FPP demonstrates this pathology, because a candidate can be both the FPP winner and also the [[Anti-plurality voting|anti-plurality]] loser.
|-
|{{Xmark}}
|'''[[Lesser-evil voting]]'''
|[[Lesser-evil voting]] occurs when voters are forced to support a "lesser of two evils" by rating them higher than their actual favorite candidate. FPP is vulnerable to this pathology.
|-
|{{Tick}}
|'''[[Later-no-harm criterion|Later-no-harm]]'''
| rowspan="2" |Since plurality does not consider later preferences on the ballot at all, it is impossible to either harm or help a favorite candidate by marking later preferences. Thus it passes both [[Later-no-harm criterion|Later-No-Harm]] and [[Later-no-help criterion|Later-No-Help]].
|-
|{{Tick}}
|[[Later-no-help criterion|'''Later-no-help''']]
|-
|{{Tick}}
|'''[[Consistency criterion|Multiple-districts paradox]]'''
|The [[Multiple districts paradox|multiple-districts paradox]] refers to a particularly egregious kind of [[gerrymander]], when it is possible to draw a map where a candidate who loses the election nevertheless manages to win in every [[electoral district]]. This is not possible under FPP, or other [[positional voting]] methods.
|-
|{{Tick}}
|'''[[Monotonicity criterion|Perverse response]]'''
|[[Negative responsiveness|Perverse response]] occurs when a candidate loses as a result of receiving too ''much'' support from some voters, i.e. it is possible for a candidate to lose by receiving too many votes. FPP is not affected by this pathology.
|-
|{{Tick}}
|'''[[No-show paradox]]'''
|The [[no-show paradox]] is a situation where a candidate loses as a result of having ''too many'' supporters. In other words, adding a voter who supports ''A'' over ''B'' can cause ''A'' to lose to ''B''. FPP is not affected by this pathology.
|}

===Two-party rule===
{{Main|Duverger's law|Median voter theorem}}

[[File:First-past-the-post_2015.svg|alt=|thumb|A graph showing the difference between the portion of the popular vote (inner circle) and the portion of seats won by parties (outer circle) at the [[2015 United Kingdom general election|2015 UK general election]]]]

Perhaps the most striking effect of FPP is the fact that the number of a party's seats in a legislature has little to do with its vote count in an election, only in how those votes were geographically distributed. Parties with few votes sometimes take more than few seats; often the most-popular party takes 20 percent more seats than its portion of the popular vote. Some criticize FPP for this, arguing that a fundamental requirement of an election system is to accurately represent the views of voters. FPP often creates "false majorities" by over-representing larger parties (giving a majority of the parliamentary/legislative seats to a party that did not receive a majority of the votes) while under-representing smaller ones.

In Canada, [[majority government]]s have been formed often but usually they are made up of a party that received less than a majority of votes in the election. A party forming a majority government and also winning a majority of the votes cast has happened only six times since 1900: [[1900 Canadian federal election|1900]]; [[1904 Canadian federal election|1904]]; [[1917 Canadian federal election|1917]]; [[1940 Canadian federal election|1940]], [[1958 Canadian federal election|1958]] and [[1984 Canadian federal election|1984]].

In the United Kingdom, 19 of the 24 general elections since 1922 have produced a single-party majority government. In only two of them ([[1931 United Kingdom general election|1931]] and [[1935 United Kingdom general election|1935]]), the leading party took a majority of the votes across the UK.

In some cases, this can lead to a party receiving the plurality or even majority of the votes cast overall, yet still failing to gain a plurality of legislative seats. This results in a situation called a [[majority reversal]] or [[electoral inversion]] or wrong-winner result.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=American Economic Journal: Applied Economics|pages=327–357|volume=14|url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w26247|title=Inversions in US Presidential Elections: 1836–2016|first1=Michael|last1=Geruso|first2=Dean|last2=Spears|first3=Ishaana|last3=Talesara|date=5 September 2019|issue=1|doi=10.3386/w26247|pmid=38213750 |pmc=10782436 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319145533/https://www.nber.org/papers/w26247|access-date=14 July 2021|archive-date=19 March 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://slide-finder.com/view/ELECTION-INVERSIONS-BY-VARIANTS.214192.html |title=Election Inversions By Variants of the U.S. Electoral College |access-date=14 July 2021 |archive-date=18 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718043847/https://slide-finder.com/view/ELECTION-INVERSIONS-BY-VARIANTS.214192.html |url-status=usurped |first=Nicholas R. |last=Miller |department=Department of Political Science |agency=UMBC }}</ref> Famous examples of the second-place party (in votes nationally) winning a majority of seats include the elections in Ghana in [[2012 Ghanaian general election|2012]], New Zealand in [[1978 New Zealand general election|1978]] and [[1981 New Zealand general election|1981]], and the United Kingdom in [[1951 United Kingdom general election|1951]].

Famous examples of the second most popular party (in votes nationally) winning a plurality of seats include the elections in Canada in [[1957 Canadian federal election|1957]], [[1979 Canadian federal election|1979]], [[2019 Canadian federal election|2019]] and [[2021 Canadian federal election|2021]]. Even when a party wins more than half the votes in an almost purely two-party-competition, it is possible for the runner-up to win a majority of seats. This happened in [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] in [[1966 Vincentian general election|1966]], [[1998 Vincentian general election|1998]], and [[2020 Vincentian general election|2020]] and in Belize in [[1993 Belizean general election|1993]]. Even with only two parties and equally-sized constituencies, winning a majority of seats just requires receiving more than half the vote in more than half the districts—even if the other party receives all the votes cast in the other districts—so just over a quarter of the vote is theoretically enough to win a majority in the legislature. With enough candidates splitting the vote in a district, the total number of votes needed to win can be made [[arbitrarily small]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

Under first-past-the-post, a small party may draw votes and seats away from a larger party that it is ''more'' similar to, and therefore give an advantage to one it is ''less'' similar to. For example, in the [[2000 United States presidential election]], the left-leaning [[Ralph Nader]] drew more votes from the left-leaning [[Al Gore]], resulting in Nader [[Spoiler effect|spoiling the election]] for the Democrats. According to the political pressure group [[Make Votes Matter]], FPTP creates a powerful electoral incentive for large parties to target similar segments of voters with similar policies. The effect of this reduces political diversity in a country because the larger parties are incentivized to coalesce around similar policies.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Past the Post|url=https://www.makevotesmatter.org.uk/first-past-the-post|access-date=26 June 2020|website=Make Votes Matter|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731164815/https://www.makevotesmatter.org.uk/first-past-the-post|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[ACE Electoral Knowledge Network]] describes India's use of FPTP as a "legacy of British colonialism".<ref>{{Cite web|title=India – First Past the Post on a Grand Scale|url=https://aceproject.org/main/english/es/esy_in.htm|access-date=25 June 2020|website=ACE Electoral Knowledge Network}}</ref>

[[Duverger's law]] is an idea in [[political science]] which says that constituencies that use first-past-the-post methods will lead to [[two-party system]]s, given enough time. Economist [[Jeffrey Sachs]] explains:
{{Blockquote|The main reason for America's majoritarian character is the electoral system for Congress. Members of Congress are elected in single-member districts according to the "first-past-the-post" (FPTP) principle, meaning that the candidate with the plurality of votes is the winner of the congressional seat. The losing party or parties win no representation at all. The first-past-the-post election tends to produce a small number of major parties, perhaps just two, a principle known in political science as [[Duverger's Law]]. Smaller parties are trampled in first-past-the-post elections.|from Sachs's ''The Price of Civilization'', 2011<ref name="twsM18xxuy">{{Cite book |last=Sachs |first=Jeffrey |title=The Price of Civilization |date=2011 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-1-4000-6841-8 |location=New York |page=107}}</ref>}}

However, most countries with first-past-the-post elections have multiparty legislatures (albeit with two parties larger than the others), the United States being the major exception.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dunleavy |first1=Patrick |last2=Diwakar |first2=Rekha |year=2013 |title=Analysing multiparty competition in plurality rule elections |url=http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/38452/1/Dunleavy_Analysing%20multiparty_2014_author.pdf |journal=Party Politics |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=855–886 |doi=10.1177/1354068811411026 |s2cid=18840573 |access-date=30 June 2016 |archive-date=9 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609031929/http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/38452/1/Dunleavy_Analysing%20multiparty_2014_author.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> There is a counter-argument to Duverger's Law, that while on the national level a plurality system may encourage two parties, in the individual constituencies supermajorities may cause the largest party to suffer fracturing.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dickson |first1=Eric S.|author2-link=Kenneth Scheve |last2=Scheve |first2=Kenneth |year=2010 |title=Social Identity, Electoral Institutions and the Number of Candidates |journal=British Journal of Political Science |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=349–375 |citeseerx=10.1.1.75.155 |doi=10.1017/s0007123409990354 |jstor=40649446|s2cid=7107526 }}</ref>

===Landslide victories===
In multi-district elections, first-past-the-post voting can result in [[landslide victory|landslide victories]] and [[electoral wipeout|electoral wipeouts]], particularly in case of [[political fragmentation]] or low [[electoral competition]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Quinn |first=Thomas |date=2025 |title=Party fragmentation and problems of accountability in the British general election of 2024 |url=https://academic.oup.com/pa/article/79/1/71/8117011 |journal=Parliamentary Affairs |language=en |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=71–95 |doi=10.1093/pa/gsaf024 |issn=0031-2290|doi-access=free }}</ref> Parties not voted for by a majority of voters may win a majority of seats. However, in Western European legislative elections, the [[Gallagher index]]{{emdash}}measuring the disproportionality between votes received and seats received{{emdash}}does not appear to have a direct effect on [[political legitimacy]], as people instead mostly care about government composition.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=What Kind of Electoral Outcome do People Think is Good for Democracy? |date=2021 |journal=Political Studies| url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00323217211055560 |access-date=2026-02-14 |language=en |doi=10.1177/00323217211055560|hdl=10230/59597 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

=== Strongholds, key constituencies and kingmakers ===
The distortions in geographical representation (artificial regionalism) provide incentives for parties to "write off regions" where they are weak and not have much chance of being elected. So they ignore the interests of areas in which they are too weak to stand much chance of gaining representation, leading to governments that do not govern in the national interest.

Further, during election campaigns the campaigning activity of parties tends to focus on [[marginal seat]]s held by opponents where there is a prospect of a change in representation. These decisions leave safer areas (safe to one party or the other) excluded from participation in an active campaign.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-01-04 |title=First Past the Post is a 'broken voting system' |url=https://www.ippr.org/news-and-media/press-releases/first-past-the-post-is-a-broken-voting-system |access-date=15 November 2017 |website=ippr.org |publisher=Institute for Public Policy Research |archive-date=15 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115223042/https://www.ippr.org/news-and-media/press-releases/first-past-the-post-is-a-broken-voting-system |url-status=live }}</ref> Political parties operate by targeting districts, directing their activists and policy proposals toward those areas considered to be marginal, either possible to be lost or won, where each additional vote is potentially more critical and has more value.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Terry |first=Chris |date=2013-08-28 |title=In Britain's first past the post electoral system, some votes are worth 22 times more than others |url=https://www.democraticaudit.com/2013/08/28/in-britains-first-past-the-post-electoral-system-some-votes-are-worth-22-times-more-than-others/ |access-date=15 November 2017 |website=democraticaudit.com |publisher=London School of Economics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Galvin |first=Ray |title=What is a marginal seat? |url=http://www.justsolutions.eu/marginals/startmarginals.html |access-date=15 November 2017 |website=justsolutions.eu |archive-date=15 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115215649/http://www.justsolutions.eu/marginals/startmarginals.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="electoral-reform1" />

The ability of FPTP to manufacture majority governments has been cited by its supporters as an advantage over proportional representation systems. In the latter, smaller parties may act as 'kingmakers' in coalitions using their bargaining power and therefore, arguably, their influence on policy is more than proportional to their parliamentary size. This is largely avoided in FPP systems where majorities are generally achieved, even if the party holding power does not have majority of votes.<ref name="Brams/Kilgour2010">{{cite journal |author=Brams/Kilgour. Dorey |title=Kingmakers and leaders in coalition formation |journal=Social Choice and Welfare |year=2013 |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=1–18 |doi=10.1007/s00355-012-0680-4 |jstor=42001390 |s2cid=253849669 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42001390 |hdl=10419/53209 |hdl-access=free |access-date=11 March 2023 |archive-date=11 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311121637/https://www.jstor.org/stable/42001390 |url-status=live }}</ref> FPP often produces governments which have legislative voting majorities,<ref name="Williams1998">{{Cite book |last=Andy Williams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6keDJpK0xL8C&pg=PA24 |title=UK Government & Politics |publisher=Heinemann |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-435-33158-0 |page=24 |access-date=11 October 2016 |archive-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522102106/https://books.google.com/books?id=6keDJpK0xL8C&pg=PA24#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> thus providing such governments the legislative power necessary to implement their electoral [[manifesto]] commitments during their term in office, if they choose to.

This may be beneficial in a country where the party's legislative agenda has broad public support, albeit potentially divided across party lines, or at least benefits society as a whole. However handing a legislative voting majority to a government that lacks popular support can be problematic where said government's policies favor only a fraction of the electorate, particularly if the electorate divides on tribal, religious, or urban–rural lines. There is also the perceived issue of unfair coalitions where a smaller party forms a coalition with other smaller parties and form a government, without a clear mandate as was the case in the [[2009 Israeli legislative election]] where the leading party [[Kadima]], was unable to form a coalition so [[Likud]], a smaller party, formed a government without being the largest party.

The use of [[proportional representation]] (PR) may enable smaller parties to become decisive in the country's [[legislature]] and gain leverage they would not otherwise enjoy, although this can be somewhat mitigated by a large enough [[electoral threshold]]. FPP supporters argue that FPP generally reduces this possibility, except where parties have a strong regional basis. A journalist at ''[[Haaretz]]'' reported that Israel's highly proportional [[Knesset]] "affords great power to relatively small parties, forcing the government to give in to political blackmail and to reach compromises";<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ilan |first=Shahar |title=Major Reforms Are Unlikely, but Electoral Threshold Could Be Raised |newspaper=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.5074292 |access-date=8 May 2010 |archive-date=21 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821221203/https://www.haaretz.com/1.5074292 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Macavei |first=Mihaela |publisher=University of Alba Iulia |location=Romania |title=Advantages and disadvantages of the uninominal voting system |url=http://www.uab.ro/reviste_recunoscute/reviste_drept/annales_10_2007/macavei_en.pdf |access-date=8 May 2010 |archive-date=24 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224074113/http://www.uab.ro/reviste_recunoscute/reviste_drept/annales_10_2007/macavei_en.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Tony Blair]], defending FPP, argued that other systems give small parties the balance of power, and influence disproportionate to their votes.<ref name="Dorey2008">{{cite book|author=P. Dorey|title=The Labour Party and Constitutional Reform: A History of Constitutional Conservatism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JsaHDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA400|date=17 June 2008|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-0-230-59415-9|pages=400–}}</ref>

The concept of kingmaker small parties is similar to [[Winston Churchill]]'s criticism of the [[Instant-runoff voting|alternative vote]] system as "determined by the most worthless votes given for the most worthless candidates."<ref name="Johnston2011">{{cite book|author=Larry Johnston|title=Politics: An Introduction to the Modern Democratic State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcpZ1eADwSMC&pg=PA231|date=13 December 2011|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-0533-6|pages=231–}}</ref> meaning that votes for lesser-supported candidates may change the outcome of the election between the most-popular candidates. In this case however, it is an intended feature of the alternative vote, since those votes would have otherwise been wasted. In some sense the cross-party vote transfers make every vote count, as opposed to FPP, where as many as three-quarters or more of the votes may be wasted in a district. Anyway this effect is only possible when no candidate receives a majority of first preference votes. It is related to kingmaker premise in that the lesser-known candidates may encourage their supporters to rank the other candidates a certain way and thus have undue influence.

Supporters of electoral reform generally see the kingmaker ability as a positive development, and claim that cross party ties produced by some alternatives to FPP encourage less negative campaigning and encourage more positive campaigning, as candidates are pushed to appeal to a wider group of people. Opinions are split on whether the alternative vote (better known as [[Instant-runoff voting|instant runoff voting]] outside the UK) achieves this better than other systems.

=== Extremist parties ===
Supporters and opponents of FPP often argue whether FPP advantages or disadvantages extremist parties, and whether or not it pushes parties to less moderate positions.

FPP suffers from the [[Center squeeze|center squeeze phenomenon]], where more moderate candidates are squeezed out by more extreme ones. However, the different types (or the absence of) of party primaries may strengthen or weaken this effect. In general, FPP has no mechanism that would benefit more moderate candidates and many supporters of FPP defend it, even when it elects the largest and most unified (even if more polarizing) minority over a more consensual majority supported candidate. Allowing people into parliament who did not finish first in their district, as can occur in PR systems, was described by [[David Cameron]] as creating a "Parliament full of second-choices who no one really wanted but didn't really object to either."<ref>"[[David Cameron]]. "[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/av-referendum/8485118/David-Cameron-why-keeping-first-past-the-post-is-vital-for-democracy.html David Cameron: why keeping first past the post is vital for democracy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118220917/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/av-referendum/8485118/David-Cameron-why-keeping-first-past-the-post-is-vital-for-democracy.html|date=18 January 2018}}." ''Daily Telegraph.'' 30 April 2011</ref> But he overlooks how his premise only uses first choice votes, when affection for a voter's secondary preference might be almost on par with the affection held for their first choice, and also how under STV and IRV the final elected choices were all – or almost all – high up in popularity on the first count anyway.<ref>A Report on Alberta Elections 1905–1982</ref>

Because under FPP only the winner in each district gets representation, voters often engage in [[strategic voting]], a form of self-censorship. This has prevented extreme left- and right-wing parties from gaining parliamentary seats{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}. [[Proportional representation]] generally does give these parties their due share of representation, so there is less push for strategic voting. Thus, strategic voting is applauded by some{{Who |date=March 2025}} as it keeps extremists from gaining seats.

But supporters of extremist parties do not always engage in strategic voting, and sometimes do achieve representation under FPP anyway. For one thing, winning a plurality in a district (perhaps 33 percent of votes in a district where likely no more votes are cast than equivalent to total votes/total seats) may take much fewer votes than it does to win a seat under PR, where the effective threshold is seldom much less than total votes/total seats. The need for strategic voting is mostly obviated under preferential voting systems, such as STV or IRV. Voters are allowed to rank other candidates, and if necessary their votes are transferred to where they will be used. Therefore they do not have to (or at least less often have to) strategically compromise on their first choice.

Additionally, due to the safe seats produced by FPP and the ability of the leading party to take majority of seats with less than majority of votes, extremists may use "burrowing from within" and conspiratorial nomination machinations to take over a professedly big-tent party. The Constitution Society published a report in April 2019 stating that, "[in certain circumstances] FPP can ... abet [[Extremism|extreme politics]], since should a radical faction gain control of one of the major political parties, FPP works to preserve that party's position. ...This is because the psychological effect of the plurality system disincentivises a major party's supporters from voting for a minor party in protest at its policies, since to do so would likely only help the major party's main rival. Rather than curtailing extreme voices, FPP today empowers the (relatively) extreme voices of the Labour and Conservative party memberships."<ref>{{Cite news|first=Peter|last=Walker|date=22 April 2019|title=First past the post abets extreme politics, says thinktank|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/apr/23/first-past-the-post-abets-extreme-politics-says-thinktank|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20231206101252/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/apr/23/first-past-the-post-abets-extreme-politics-says-thinktank|archive-date=6 December 2023|url-status=live|access-date=23 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Electoral System and British Politics|url=https://consoc.org.uk/publications/the-electoral-system-and-british-politics/|website=consoc.org.uk|access-date=23 June 2020|archive-date=25 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625171041/https://consoc.org.uk/publications/the-electoral-system-and-british-politics/|url-status=live}}</ref> For example, the [[electoral system of Hungary]], a mixed system dominated by FPP, saw the right-wing, populist party [[Fidesz]] win 135 seats in the [[2022 Hungarian parliamentary election]] and has remain the largest party in Hungary since [[2010 Hungarian parliamentary election|2010]] by changing the electoral system to mostly use FPP instead of the previous mixed system using mostly the [[two-round system]]. Since 2010, Fidesz has implemented other anti-democratic reforms, leading to the European Parliament no longer considering Hungary a full democracy.<ref>{{cite press release |title=MEPs: Hungary can no longer be considered a full democracy |date=15 September 2022 |publisher=[[European Parliament]] |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20220909IPR40137/meps-hungary-can-no-longer-be-considered-a-full-democracy |ref=20220909IPR40137 |access-date=25 March 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915103936/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20220909IPR40137/meps-hungary-can-no-longer-be-considered-a-full-democracy |archive-date=15 September 2022}}</ref> Additionally, electoral reform campaigners have argued that the use of FPP in [[South Africa]] was a contributory factor in the country adopting the [[apartheid]] system after the [[1948 South African general election#Results|1948 general election]] in that country.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cowen|first=Doug|title=The Graveyard of First Past the Post|url=https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/the-graveyard-of-first-past-the-post/|access-date=4 July 2020|website=Electoral Reform Society|archive-date=4 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704094624/https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/the-graveyard-of-first-past-the-post/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Winter|first=Owen|date=25 August 2016|title=How a Broken Voting System Gave South Africa Apartheid in 1948|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/owen-winter/south-africa-apartheid_b_11662272.html|access-date=4 July 2020|website=Huffington Post|archive-date=18 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318014711/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/owen-winter/south-africa-apartheid_b_11662272.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Leblang and Chan found that a country's electoral system is the most important predictor of a country's involvement in war, according to three different measures: (1) when a country was the first to enter a war; (2) when it joined a multinational coalition in an ongoing war; and (3) how long it stayed in a war after becoming a party to it.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Leblang |first1=D.|last2=Chan|first2=S.|date=2003|title=Explaining Wars Fought By Established Democracies: Do Institutional Constraints Matter?|journal=Political Research Quarterly|page=56-24: 385–400}}</ref><ref name="PR and Conflict">{{Cite web|title=PR and Conflict|url=https://www.makevotesmatter.org.uk/conflict|access-date=27 June 2020|website=Make Votes Matter|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731155640/https://www.makevotesmatter.org.uk/conflict|url-status=live}}</ref> When the people are fairly represented in parliament, more of those groups who may object to any potential war have access to the political power necessary to prevent it. In a proportional democracy, war and other major decisions generally require the consent of the majority.<ref name="PR and Conflict" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=19 November 2017|title=What the Evidence Says|url=https://fairvotingbc.com/join-the-campaign-for-fair-voting/why-voting-reform/what-the-evidence-says/|access-date=27 June 2020|website=Fair Voting BC|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629185607/https://fairvotingbc.com/join-the-campaign-for-fair-voting/why-voting-reform/what-the-evidence-says/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=3 May 2010|title=Democracy: we've never had it so bad|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/may/03/democracy-first-past-the-post|access-date=27 June 2020|website=The Guardian|archive-date=22 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522102019/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/may/03/democracy-first-past-the-post|url-status=live}}</ref> The British human rights campaigner [[Peter Tatchell]], and others, have argued that Britain entered the Iraq War primarily because of the political effects of FPP and that proportional representation would have prevented Britain's involvement in the war.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tatchell|first=Peter|date=3 May 2010|title=Democracy: we've never had it so bad|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/may/03/democracy-first-past-the-post|access-date=26 June 2020|website=The Guardian|archive-date=22 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522102019/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/may/03/democracy-first-past-the-post|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Barnett|first=Anthony|title=Will Labour's next leader finally break with first-past-the-post?|url=https://labourlist.org/2020/01/will-labours-next-leader-finally-break-with-first-past-the-post/|access-date=5 July 2020|website=Labourlist.org|date=10 January 2020|archive-date=5 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705132235/https://labourlist.org/2020/01/will-labours-next-leader-finally-break-with-first-past-the-post/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Root|first=Tim|date=30 September 2019|title=Making government accountable to the people|url=https://leftfootforward.org/2019/09/making-government-accountable-to-the-people/|access-date=5 July 2020|website=Left Foot Forward|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731180947/https://leftfootforward.org/2019/09/making-government-accountable-to-the-people/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Wasted votes ===
[[Wasted vote]]s are seen as those cast for losing candidates, and for winning candidates in excess of the number required for victory. For example, in the [[2005 United Kingdom general election|UK general election of 2005]], 52% of votes were cast for losing candidates and 18% were excess votes—a total of 70% "wasted" votes. On this basis a large majority of votes may play no part in determining the outcome. This winner-takes-all system may be one of the reasons why "voter participation tends to be lower in countries with FPP than elsewhere."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Drogus|first=Carol Ann|url=https://archive.org/details/introducingcompa00drog/page/257|title=Introducing comparative politics: concepts and cases in context|publisher=CQ Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-87289-343-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/introducingcompa00drog/page/257 257]|url-access=registration}}</ref>

[[Primary election]]s, [[two-round system]]s,<ref name="t314">{{cite journal | last=Passarelli | first=Gianluca | last2=Bergman | first2=Matthew | title=Runoff Comebacks in Comparative Perspective: Two-Round Presidential Election Systems | journal=Political Studies Review | volume=21 | issue=3 | date=2023 | issn=1478-9299 | doi=10.1177/14789299221132441 | doi-access=free | pages=608–624 | url=https://iris.uniroma1.it/bitstream/11573/1673986/1/Passarelli_Runoff_2022.pdf | access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref> [[Instant-runoff voting|instant runoff voting]], and less tested methods such as [[approval voting]] and [[condorcet method]]s can reduce wasted votes, the need for strategic voting and the [[spoiler effect]].

===Gerrymandering===
Because FPP produces many wasted votes and because the electorate are divided into the maximum number of separate districts, an election under FPP may be gerrymandered. When [[gerrymandering]] is used, electoral areas are designed deliberately to unfairly increase the number of seats won by one party by redrawing the map such that votes of the disadvantaged party are "packed" by creating one district in which it has an overwhelming majority of votes (whether due to policy, demographics which tend to favor one party, or other reasons), and many districts where it is at a disadvantage and will not win any seats, or the small party's votes are "cracked" where districts are drawn so that there is no district where the small party has a plurality.<ref>"The ReDistricting Game". USC Annenberg's Media Center. https://web.archive.org/web/20161204145449/http://www.redistrictinggame.org/learnaboutmission2.php. accessed May 19, 2025</ref>

===Strategic voting===
To a greater extent than many others, the first-past-the-post method encourages [[strategic voting]]. Voters have an incentive to vote for a candidate who they predict is more likely to win, as opposed to their preferred candidate who may be unlikely to win and for whom a vote could be considered as [[wasted vote|wasted]]. FPP wastes fewer votes when it is used in two-party contests. But waste of votes and minority governments are more likely when large groups of voters vote for three, four or more parties as in Canadian elections. Canada uses FPP and only two of the last seven federal Canadian elections ([[2011 Canadian federal election|2011]] and [[2015 Canadian federal election|2015]]) produced single-party majority governments. In none of them did the leading party receive a majority of the votes.

The position is sometimes summarized, in an extreme form, as "all votes for anyone other than the runner-up are votes for the winner."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Begany |first=Brent |date=2016-06-30 |title=The 2016 Election Proves The Need For Voting Reform |url=https://policyinterns.com/2016/06/30/the-2016-election-proves-the-need-for-voting-reform/ |access-date=2019-10-22 |website=Policy Interns |language=en |archive-date=22 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022182755/https://policyinterns.com/2016/06/30/the-2016-election-proves-the-need-for-voting-reform/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This is because votes for these other candidates deny potential support from the second-placed candidate, who might otherwise have won. Following the extremely close [[2000 United States presidential election|2000 U.S. presidential election]], some supporters of [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] candidate [[Al Gore]] believed one reason he lost to [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[George W. Bush]] is that a portion of the electorate (2.7%) voted for [[Ralph Nader]] of the [[Green Party (United States)|Green Party]], and exit polls indicated that more of them would have preferred Gore (45%) to Bush (27%).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rosenbaum |first=David E. |date=24 February 2004 |title=THE 2004 CAMPAIGN: THE INDEPENDENT; Relax, Nader Advises Alarmed Democrats, but the 2000 Math Counsels Otherwise |work=The New York Times |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B03E4D6173CF937A15751C0A9629C8B63 |access-date=7 February 2017 |archive-date=19 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919015320/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B03E4D6173CF937A15751C0A9629C8B63 |url-status=live }}</ref> The election was ultimately determined by the [[United States presidential election in Florida, 2000|results from Florida]], where Bush prevailed over Gore by a margin of only 537 votes (0.009%), which was far exceeded by the 97488 (1.635%) votes cast for Nader in that state.

In [[Puerto Rico]], there has been a tendency for [[Puerto Rican Independence Party|Independentista]] voters to support [[Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico|Populares]] candidates. This phenomenon is responsible for some Popular victories, even though the [[New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico|Estadistas]] have the most voters on the island, and is so widely recognised that Puerto Ricans sometimes call the Independentistas who vote for the Populares "melons", because that fruit is green on the outside but red on the inside (in reference to the party colors).

Because voters have to predict who the top two candidates will be, results can be significantly distorted:
* Some voters will vote based on their view of how others will vote as well, changing their originally intended vote;
* Substantial power is given to the media, because some voters will believe its assertions as to who the leading contenders are likely to be. Even voters who distrust the media will know that others ''do'' believe the media, and therefore those candidates who receive the most media attention will probably be the most popular;
* A new candidate with no track record, who might otherwise be supported by the majority of voters, may be considered unlikely to be one of the top two, and thus lose votes to tactical voting;
* The method may promote votes ''against'' as opposed to votes ''for''. For example, in the UK (and only in the [[Great Britain]] region), entire campaigns have been organised with the aim of voting ''against'' the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] by voting [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]], [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrat]] in [[England]] and [[Wales]], and since 2015 the [[Scottish National Party|SNP]] in [[Scotland]], depending on which is seen as best placed to win in each locality. Such behavior is difficult to measure objectively.

===Geography===
The effect of a system based on plurality voting but in which the electorate are divided among many separate districts is that the larger parties, and parties with more geographically concentrated support, win a disproportionately large share of seats, while smaller parties and parties with more evenly distributed support win a disproportionately small share of seats. This is because the large parties win many seats and do not 'waste' many of their votes. As voting patterns are similar in about two-thirds of the districts, it is more likely that a single party will hold a majority of legislative seats under FPP than happens in a proportional system. This is especially true in multi-party situations where no party takes a majority of the vote. Despite the bias of FPP toward large parties, under FPP it is rare to elect a majority government that actually has the support of a majority of voters.

The British [[Electoral Reform Society]] (ERS) says that regional parties benefit from this system. "With a geographical base, parties that are small UK-wide can still do very well" if they have local dominance or at least receive a plurality of votes in districts.<ref name="First Past the Post">{{Cite web |title=First Past the Post |url=https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/voting-systems/types-of-voting-system/first-past-the-post/ |access-date=2019-12-16 |website=electoral-reform.org.uk |language=en-US |archive-date=13 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213064535/https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/voting-systems/types-of-voting-system/first-past-the-post/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On the other hand, minor parties that do not concentrate their vote usually end up getting a much smaller proportion of seats than votes, as they lose most of the seats they contest and 'waste' most of their votes.<ref name="electoral-reform1">{{Cite web |title=First Past the Post |url=https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/voting-systems/types-of-voting-system/first-past-the-post/ |access-date=2019-12-05 |website=electoral-reform.org.uk |language=en-US |archive-date=13 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213064535/https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/voting-systems/types-of-voting-system/first-past-the-post/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The ERS also says that in FPP elections using many separate districts "small parties without a geographical base find it hard to win seats".<ref name="First Past the Post" />

[[Make Votes Matter]] said that in the [[2017 United Kingdom general election|2017 general election]], "the Green Party, Liberal Democrats and UKIP (minor, non-regional parties) received 11% of votes between them, yet they ''shared'' just 2% of seats", and in the [[2015 United Kingdom general election|2015 general election]], "[t]he same three parties received almost a quarter of all the votes cast, yet these parties ''shared'' just 1.5% of seats."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Make Votes Matter—Everything wrong with First Past the Post—Proportional Representation |url=https://www.makevotesmatter.org.uk/first-past-the-post |access-date=2019-12-16 |website=Make Votes Matter |language=en-GB |archive-date=2 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102013320/https://www.makevotesmatter.org.uk/first-past-the-post |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to Make Votes Matter, in the 2015 UK general election [[UK Independence Party|UKIP]] came in third in terms of number of votes (3.9 million/12.6%), but gained only one seat in Parliament, resulting in one seat per 3.9 million votes. The Conservatives on the other hand received one seat per 34,000 votes.<ref name=":0" />

The winner-takes-all nature of FPP leads to distorted patterns of representation, since it exaggerates the correlation between party support and geography. It creates artificial regionalism.

For example, in the UK the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] represents most of the rural seats in England, and most of the south of England, while the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] represents most of the English cities and most of the north of England.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Divided by Values: Jeremy Corbyn, the Labour Party and England's 'North-South Divide' |last1=Beech |first1=Matt |date=2020-07-03 |last2=Hickson |first2=Kevin|journal=Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique |volume=XXV |issue=2 |doi=10.4000/rfcb.5456 |s2cid=198655613 |doi-access=free }}</ref> This pattern hides the large number of votes cast for candidates of the non-dominant party in each place. Parties can find themselves without elected politicians in large portions of the country, heightening feelings of regionalism. Party supporters (who may nevertheless be a significant minority) in those sections of the country are unrepresented.

In the 2019 Canadian federal election [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservatives]] won 98% of the seats in Alberta and Saskatchewan with only 68% of the vote cast in those provinces. The lack of non-Conservative representation gives the appearance of greater Conservative support than actually exists.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Past the Post |url=http://www.conservativeelectoralreform.org/support-reform/first-past-the-post/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115214736/http://www.conservativeelectoralreform.org/support-reform/first-past-the-post/ |archive-date=15 November 2017 |access-date=15 November 2017 |website=conservativeelectoralreform.org |publisher=Conservative Action for Electoral Reform}}</ref> Similarly, in Canada's 2021 elections, the Conservative Party won 88% of the seats in Alberta with only 55% of the Alberta vote and won 100% of the seats in Saskatchewan with only 59% of the provincial vote.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://enr.elections.ca/Provinces.aspx |title=Elections Canada – Results by Province(s) |work=2021 Elections Canada – Provinces |publisher=Elections Canada |date=2020-09-21 |access-date=2021-11-04 |archive-date=9 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209014337/https://enr.elections.ca/Provinces.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>

First-past-the-post within geographical areas tends to deliver (particularly to larger parties) a significant number of [[safe seat]]s, where a representative is sheltered from any but the most dramatic change in voting behavior. In the UK, the Electoral Reform Society estimates that more than half the seats can be considered as safe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-04-07|title=General Election 2010: Safe and marginal seats|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2010/apr/07/election-safe-seats-electoral-reform|access-date=15 November 2017|website=The Guardian|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235530/http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2010/apr/07/election-safe-seats-electoral-reform|url-status=live}}</ref> It has been claimed that members involved in the 2009 [[United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal|expenses scandal]] were significantly more likely to hold a safe seat.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wickham|first=Alex|title="Safe seats" almost guarantee corruption|url=http://www.thecommentator.com/article/3678/_safe_seats_almost_guarantee_corruption|access-date=15 November 2017|website=thecommentator.com|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415082539/http://www.thecommentator.com/article/3678/_safe_seats_almost_guarantee_corruption|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=FactCheck: expenses and safe seats|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/uk/factcheck+expenses+and+safe+seats/3388597.html|access-date=15 November 2017|website=channel4.com|publisher=Channel 4|archive-date=8 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508102457/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/uk/factcheck+expenses+and+safe+seats/3388597.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==FPP variants==
In some election systems, multi-seat districts ([[plural district]]s in the U.S.) are used but FPP may not be used because multi-seat contests are not used to fill the seats. This may be done by the members serving in staggered terms, with one being up for election in different years. This system is used in city elections in [[Portland, Maine]].

Another way to avoid multi-seat contests in a multi-seat district is the seat/post system, where each seat is filled using a separate ballot. This was used in Canadian provincial elections – to elect MLAs in [[Winnipeg North (provincial electoral district)|Winnipeg districts]] in 1914 and 1915, and to elect all members in [[politics of Prince Edward Island|Prince Edward Island]] from 1867 to 1996.<ref>Parliament Guide</ref>

==History==
The [[House of Commons of England]] originated in 1341, during the Middle Ages as an assembly that included church leaders as well as the knights of each shire and burgesses of each large city of the Kingdom, each of which elected two members of parliament (MPs) by [[block plurality voting]]. Starting in the 19th century, [[electoral reform]] advocates pushed to replace these multi-member constituencies with single-member districts or like the [[Diggers]] to at least begin to use equal-sized districts. Reforms were made through the years, but a complete change to equal-sized single-member districts did not occur until [[Representation of the People Act 1948|1948]]. In the meantime, block voting, [[limited voting]] and STV were used in multi-member districts holding as many as four members.<ref>David Klemperer, "Electoral Systems", p. 11 https://consoc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/David-Klemperer-Electoral-Systems-and-Electoral-Reform-in-the-UK-in-Historical-Perspective.pdf accessed May 19, 2025</ref>

Elections to the Canadian [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]] have mostly been conducted using FPP. But [[elections in Canada|eleven ridings]] at various times elected two MPs using block voting.<ref>Canadian Parliament Guide</ref>

The [[United States]] broke away from British rule in 1783, and its constitution provides for an electoral college to elect its president. Despite original intentions to the contrary, by the mid-19th century this college had transformed into a ''de facto'' use of FPP for each state's presidential election, with each state (excepting Nebraska and Maine) electing a [[General ticket|party block voting]] or general ticket (multi-member slate) by mere plurality state-wide. This was further morphed through the introduction of the [[party primary]], which made American presidential elections into a sort of [[two-round system]] in practice.

===Criticism and replacement===
{{multiple image
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| footer = People campaigning against first-past-the-post and in favour of proportional representation
| image1 = Guelph Rally on Electoral Reform - National Day of Action for Electoral Reform - 11 Feb 2017 - 04.jpg
| image2 = Make Votes Matter ! No to FPTP. Yes to PR. (51868539320).jpg
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Non-plurality voting systems have been devised since at least 1299, when [[Ramon Llull]] came up with both the Condorcet and [[Borda count]] methods, which were respectively reinvented in the 18th century by the [[Marquis de Condorcet]] and [[Jean-Charles de Borda]]. More serious investigation into electoral systems came in the late 18th century, when several thinkers independently proposed systems of [[proportional representation]] to elect legislatures. The [[single transferable vote]] (STV) in particular was invented in 1819 by [[Thomas Wright Hill]], and a quota-based electoral system was first used in a public election in 1840 by his son [[Rowland Hill|Rowland]] for the [[Adelaide City Council]] in Australia.<ref>Hoag and Hallett (1926). Proportional Representation. pp. 167–171</ref> STV saw its first national use in Denmark in 1855 and was used in Tasmania state elections starting in 1897, permanently starting in 1909. STV was reinvented several times in the 19th century.

The [[Electoral Reform Society|Proportional Representation Society]] was founded in England in 1884 and began campaigning. STV was used to elect the British House of Commons's [[university constituencies]] between 1918 and their abolition in 1950.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

Many countries that use first-past-the-post voting have active campaigns to switch to proportional representation (e.g. UK<ref>{{Cite web |title=What We Stand For |url=https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/who-we-are/what-we-stand-for/ |website=electoral-reform.org.uk |access-date=25 June 2020 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626022218/https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/who-we-are/what-we-stand-for/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and Canada<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.fairvote.ca/ |website=Fair Vote Canada |access-date=25 June 2020 |archive-date=1 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701200741/https://www.fairvote.ca/ |url-status=live }}</ref>). Most modern democracies use some form of proportional representation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform – About LCER |url=https://www.labourcampaignforelectoralreform.org.uk/About-LCER |website=labourcampaignforelectoralreform.org.uk |access-date=25 June 2020 |archive-date=11 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811033648/https://www.labourcampaignforelectoralreform.org.uk/About-LCER |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Naming ===
The name ''first-past-the-post'' is a reference to a kind of gambling in [[Betting on horse racing|horse races]]. In a first-past-the-post wager, bettors would choose the single horse they thought would be the first one to make it past the finishing post.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-31 |title=First-past-the-post: a rogue's practice? |url=https://onelections.net/2018/07/31/first-past-the-post-a-rogues-practice/ |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=On Elections |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=13 January 2016 |title=First past the post |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/fpp-to-mmp/first-past-the-post |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524111637/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/fpp-to-mmp/first-past-the-post |archive-date=24 May 2022 |access-date=25 May 2022 |website=nzhistory.govt.nz |publisher=[[Ministry for Culture and Heritage]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=6 September 2010 |title=First Past the Post and Alternative Vote explained |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/first-past-the-post-and-alternative-vote-explained |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118113041/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/first-past-the-post-and-alternative-vote-explained |archive-date=18 January 2024 |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=gov.uk}}</ref> In academic contexts, the rule is typically called ''first-preference plurality'' (FPP), which describes the rule's behavior more precisely, or simply ''plurality''.

== Countries using FPP ==

=== Legislatures elected exclusively by single-member plurality ===
The following is a list of countries currently following the first-past-the-post voting system for their national legislatures.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Countries using FPTP electoral system for national legislature |url=http://www.idea.int/esd/type.cfm?electoralSystem=FPTP |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006214357/http://www.idea.int/esd/type.cfm?electoralSystem=FPTP |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=3 December 2018 |website=idea.int}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Electoral Systems |url=http://aceproject.org/epic-en/CDTable?question=ES005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140826220250/http://aceproject.org/epic-en/CDTable?question=ES005 |archive-date=26 August 2014 |access-date=3 November 2015 |publisher=ACE Electoral Knowledge Network}}</ref>
[[File:FPTP lower house.svg|thumb|400x400px|Map showing countries where the lower house or unicameral national legislature is elected by FPTP (red) or mixed systems using FPTP (pink – mixed majoritarian, purple/lavender – mixed proportional/compensatory).]]

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*{{Flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
*{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
*{{Flag|Bahamas}}
*{{Flag|Bangladesh}}
*{{Flag|Barbados}}
*{{Flag|Belarus}}
*{{Flag|Belize}}
*{{Flag|Botswana}}
*{{Flag|Dominica}}
*{{Flag|Eritrea}}
*{{Flag|Eswatini}}
*{{Flag|Ethiopia}}
*{{Flag|The Gambia}}
*{{Flag|Ghana}}
*{{Flag|Grenada}}
*{{Flag|Jamaica}}
*{{Flag|Kenya}}
*{{Flag|North Korea}}
*{{Flag|Liberia}}
*{{Flag|Malaysia}}
*{{Flag|Malawi}}
*{{Flag|Maldives}}
*{{Flag|Mauritius}}
*{{Flag|Federated States of Micronesia}}
*{{Flag|Myanmar}}
*{{Flag|Nigeria}}
*{{Flag|Qatar}}
*{{Flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
*{{Flag|Saint Lucia}}
*{{Flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
*{{Flag|Samoa}}
*{{Flag|Solomon Islands}}
*''{{Flag|Transnistria}}''<ref name=int>[https://www.intellinews.com/breakaway-transnistria-fully-under-sheriff-s-control-as-obnovlenie-party-sweeps-board-in-parliament-election-198054/ Breakaway Transnistria fully under Sheriff's control as Obnovlenie party sweeps board in parliament election], bne IntelliNews, 3 December 2020</ref>
*{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
*{{Flag|Turkmenistan}}
*{{Flag|Uganda}}
*{{Flag|Yemen}}
*{{Flag|Zambia}}
{{div col end}}

==== Upper house only ====
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*{{Flag|Bhutan}}
*{{Flag|Dominican Republic}}
*{{Flag|Poland}}
{{div col end}}

==== Lower house only ====
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*{{Flag|Canada}} (upper house not elected at all)
*{{Flag|India}}
*{{Flag|Palau}}
*{{Flag|United Kingdom}}
{{div col end}}

==== Varies by state ====
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*{{Flagdeco|United States}} [[Elections in the United States|United States]] (both houses){{efn|Prior to the [[2020 United States elections|2020 election]], the US states of [[Alaska]] and [[Maine]] completely abandoned FPTP in favor of [[Instant-runoff voting]] or IRV. In the US, 48 of the 50 [[U.S. state|states]] and the [[Washington, D.C.|District of Columbia]] use FPTP-[[General ticket|GT]] to choose the electors of the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]] (which in turn elects the president); Maine and [[Nebraska]] use a variation where the electoral vote of each congressional district is awarded by FPTP (or by IRV in Maine beginning in 2020), and the statewide winner (using the same method used in each congressional district in the state) is awarded an additional two electoral votes. In states that employ FPTP-GT, the presidential candidate gaining the greatest number of votes wins all the state's available electors (seats), regardless of the number or share of votes won (majority vs non-majority plurality), or the difference separating the leading candidate and the first runner-up.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Electoral College Frequently Asked Questions|url=https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/faq.html|access-date=23 October 2015 |date=6 July 2023 |archive-date=6 December 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231206102739/https://www.archives.gov/electoral-college/faq |url-status=live |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}</ref>}}
{{div col end}}

==== Subnational legislatures ====
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* {{Flag|Cook Islands}} (New Zealand)
* {{Flag|US Virgin Islands}}
*{{Flag|Bermuda}}
*{{Flag|Cayman Islands}}
{{div col end}}

=== Use of single-member plurality in mixed systems for electing legislatures ===
The following countries use single-member plurality to elect part of their national legislature, in different types of mixed systems.

'''Mixed or hybrid system where FPP is used alongside block voting (fully majoritarian/plurality systems) or as part of mixed-member majoritarian systems (semi-proportional representation)'''

{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
*{{Flag|Brazil}} – in the [[Brazilian Senate|Federal Senate]], alongside [[plurality block voting]] (alternating elections)
*{{Flag|Hungary}} – as part of a mixed system (parallel voting with partial compensation)
*{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} – in single-member electoral districts, alongside [[party block voting]]
*{{Flag|Iran}} – in single-member electoral districts for [[Assembly of Experts|Khobregan]], alongside [[plurality block voting]]
*{{Flag|Japan}} – as part of a mixed system (parallel voting)
*{{Flag|Marshall Islands}} – FPP in single-member electoral districts, alongside MMDs of 2 to 5 seats using [[plurality block voting]]
*{{Flag|Mexico}} – as part of a mixed system (parallel voting)
*{{Flag|Nepal}} – as part of a mixed system (parallel voting)<ref name="Upreti2010">{{Cite book |last=Bhuwan Chandra Upreti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TEq3D4evrO0C&pg=PA69 |title=Nepal: Transition to Democratic Republican State : 2008 Constituent Assembly |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-7835-774-4 |pages=69– |access-date=11 October 2016 |archive-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522102013/https://books.google.com/books?id=TEq3D4evrO0C&pg=PA69#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{Flag|Oman}} – in single-member electoral districts, alongside [[plurality block voting]]
*{{Flag|Pakistan}} – alongside seats distributed proportional to seats already won
*{{Flag|Philippines}} – as part of a mixed system (parallel voting){{efn|name=fn1}}
*{{Flag|Singapore}} – in single-member electoral districts, alongside [[party block voting]]
*{{Flag|South Korea}} – as part of a mixed system (parallel voting){{efn|As the usage of [[decoy list]]s by major parties is prevalent, the additional member system is ''de facto'' nullified.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nam |first=Hyun-woo |title=Major parties revert to criticized tactic to boost votes ahead of crucial election |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2024/04/113_368264.html |work=[[The Korea Times]] |location= |publisher= |date=2024-02-05 |access-date=}}</ref>}}{{efn|name=fn1|The Philippines, South Korea and Thailand use the first-past-the-post voting system primarily; 80% or above of their members of the legislature are elected by FPTP.}}
*{{Flag|Taiwan}} – as part of a mixed system (parallel voting)
*{{Flag|Tanzania}} – as part of a mixed system (parallel voting)
*{{Flag|Thailand}} – as part of a mixed system (parallel voting){{efn|name=fn1}}{{div col end}}
;As part of mixed-member proportional (MMP) or additional member systems (AMS)

*{{Flag|Bolivia}}
*{{Flag|Germany}}
*{{Flag|Lesotho}}
*{{Flag|New Zealand}}
*{{Flag|Scotland}} (United Kingdom) (subnational legislature)

=== Heads of state elected by FPP ===
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*{{Flag|Angola}} ([[Double simultaneous vote]] for the presidential and legislative elections)
*{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} (one for each main ethnic group)
*{{Flag|Cameroon}}
*{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
*{{Flag|El Salvador}}
*{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
*{{Flag|The Gambia}}
*{{Flag|Guyana}} ([[Double simultaneous vote]] for the presidential and legislative elections)
*{{Flag|Honduras}}
*{{Flag|Iceland}}
*{{Flag|Kiribati}}
*{{Flag|Malawi}}
*{{Flag|Mexico}}
*{{Flag|Nicaragua}}
*{{Flag|Nigeria}}
*{{Flag|Palestine}}
*{{Flag|Panama}}
*{{Flag|Paraguay}}
*{{Flag|Philippines}}
*{{Flag|Rwanda}}
*{{Flag|Singapore}}
*{{Flag|South Korea}}
*{{Flag|Taiwan}} (from 1996 [[Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China|constitutional amendment]])
*{{Flag|Tanzania}}
*{{Flag|Venezuela}}

{{div col end}}

===Former use===

{{incomplete list|date=July 2016}}
* {{Flag|Argentina}} (The [[Argentine Chamber of Deputies|Chamber of Deputies]] uses [[Party-list proportional representation|party list PR]]. Only twice used FPTP, first between 1902 and 1905 used only in the {{ill|1904 Argentine legislative election|lt=elections of 1904|es|Elecciones legislativas de Argentina de 1904}},<ref>{{Cite book |last=Milia |first=Juan Guillermo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NStcCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA40 |title=El Voto. Expresión del poder ciudadano |date=2015 |publisher=Editorial Dunken |isbn=978-987-02-8472-7 |location=Buenos Aires |pages=40–41 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and the second time between 1951 and 1957 used only in the [[1951 Argentine general election|elections of 1951]] and [[1954 Argentine general election|1954]].)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law 14,032 |url=http://www.saij.gob.ar/legislacion/ley-nacional-14032.htm?bsrc=ci |website=Sistema Argentino de Información Jurídica |access-date=19 October 2017 |archive-date=20 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020135532/http://www.saij.gob.ar/legislacion/ley-nacional-14032.htm?bsrc=ci |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{Flag|Australia}} (replaced by [[Instant-runoff voting|IRV]] in 1918 for both the [[Australian House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] and the [[Australian Senate|Senate]], with [[Single transferable vote|STV]] being introduced to the Senate in 1948)
* {{Flag|Belgium}} (adopted in 1831, replaced by [[Party-list proportional representation|party list PR]] in 1899)—<ref name="winklerprins">{{cite encyclopedia | title=Kiesstelsel. §1.1 Federale verkiezingen | encyclopedia=Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins | publisher=Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum | year=1993–2002}}</ref> the [[Member of the European Parliament]] for the [[German-speaking electoral college]] is still elected by FPTP<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/en/2019/03/20/elections-2019-the-european-parliament/ | title=Elections 2019: The European Parliament | work=Flanders News | date=17 April 2019 | access-date=2 December 2022 | quote=The European Parliament elections in Belgium will be held on 26 May, the same day as the regional and federal elections. In the European elections there are three Belgian constituencies: the Dutch-speaking electoral college, the Francophone electoral college and the German-speaking electoral college. | archive-date=6 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406012005/https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/en/2019/03/20/elections-2019-the-european-parliament/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{Flag|Cyprus}} (replaced by [[proportional representation]] in 1981)
* {{Flag|Denmark}} (replaced by [[proportional representation]] in 1920)
* {{Flag|Greece}} (this system was only used in the elections of [[1920 Greek parliamentary election|1920]] and [[1952 Greek parliamentary election|1952]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2022 |title=Πώς άλλαξε ο εκλογικός νόμος το 1952 |url=https://www.kathimerini.gr/opinion/561959890/pos-allaxe-o-eklogikos-nomos-to-1952/ |access-date=25 November 2025 |website=Η ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΙΝΗ |language=greek}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Hong Kong}} (adopted in 1995, replaced by [[Party-list proportional representation|party list PR]] in 1998)
* {{Flag|Italy}} (used between 1860 and 1882, and between 1892 and 1919)
* {{Flag|Lebanon}} (replaced by [[proportional representation]] in June 2017)
* {{Flag|Lesotho}} (replaced by [[Mixed-member proportional representation|MMP]] [[Party-list proportional representation|Party list]] in 2002)
* {{Flag|Malta}} (replaced by [[Single transferable vote|STV]] in 1921)
* {{Flag|New Zealand}} (replaced by [[Mixed-member proportional representation|MMP]] in 1996)
* {{Flag|Papua New Guinea}} (replaced by [[Instant-runoff voting|IRV]] in 2002)<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2003 |title=PNG voting system praised by new MP |url=http://www.abc.net.au/ra/newstories/RANewsStories_1015553.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050104074304/http://www.abc.net.au/ra/newstories/RANewsStories_1015553.htm |archive-date=4 January 2005 |access-date=19 May 2015 |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Portugal}} (replaced by [[Party-list proportional representation|party list PR]])<ref>{{Cite web|title=Which European countries use proportional representation?|url=https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/which-european-countries-use-proportional-representation/|access-date=1 December 2019|website=electoral-reform.org.uk|archive-date=27 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227222723/https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/which-european-countries-use-proportional-representation/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Serbia}} (adopted in 1990, replaced by [[Party-list proportional representation|party list PR]] in 1992)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mrdalj |first=Mladen |date=8 October 2020 |title=Sedam zabluda o uvođenju većinskog izbornog sistema |url=https://talas.rs/2020/10/08/sedam-zabluda-o-uvodenju-vecinskog-izbornog-sistema/ |access-date=13 January 2024 |website=Talas.rs |archive-date=13 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113164807/https://talas.rs/2020/10/08/sedam-zabluda-o-uvodenju-vecinskog-izbornog-sistema/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{Flag|South Africa}} (replaced by [[Party-list proportional representation|party list PR]] in 1994)

==See also==
{{Portal|Politics}}
* {{annotated link|Approval voting}}
* {{annotated link|Cube rule}}
* [[Deviation from proportionality]]
* {{annotated link|Plurality block voting|Plurality-at-large voting}}
* {{annotated link|Single non-transferable vote}}
* {{annotated link|Single transferable vote}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://www.idea.int/publications/catalogue/electoral-system-design-new-international-idea-handbook A handbook of Electoral System Design] from [http://www.idea.int International IDEA]
* [https://aceproject.org/epic-en/es#ES05 ACE Project: What is the electoral system for Chamber{{nbsp}}1 of the national legislature?]
* [https://www.aceproject.org/main/english/es/esd01.htm ACE Project: First Past The Post]—detailed explanation of first-past-the-post voting
* [https://www.aceproject.org/ace-en/topics/es/ese/ese01/ese01a/ ACE Project: Electing a President using FPTP]
* {{usurped|1=[http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090521142509/http://aceproject.org//ace%2Den//topics//es//esy//esy_in ACE Project: FPTP on a grand scale in India]}}
* [http://citizensassembly.arts.ubc.ca/ The Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform says the new proportional electoral system it proposes for British Columbia will improve the practice of democracy in the province.]
* [https://nobcprorep.ca Vote No to Proportional Representation BC]
* [https://citizensassembly.arts.ubc.ca/public/extra/factsheet_intro.xml.htm Fact Sheets on Electoral Systems provided to members of the Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform, British Columbia.]
* [http://www.game-point.net/misc/election2005/ The Problem With First-Past-The-Post Electing (data from UK general election 2005)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321163724/http://www.game-point.net/misc/election2005/ |date=21 March 2021 }}
* {{YouTube|s7tWHJfhiyo|The Problems with First Past the Post Voting Explained (video)}}
* [https://www.prsa.org.au/pluralit.htm The fatal flaws of First-past-the-post electoral systems]

{{Voting systems}}
{{2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum}}
{{Parliament of NZ}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:First-Past-The-Post}}
[[Category:Single-winner electoral systems]]
[[Category:Electoral systems]]

Bhoomika Theatre Group

2026-03-09T01:49:14Z

Joy sagar Murmu: started entry

{{short description|Indian Theatre group}}
{{Infobox comedian
|name=Bhoomika Theatre group
|image=Bhoomika_Theatre_group.png
|caption=Bhoomika Theatre Group Logo
|years_active=1989 - present
|website=http://bhoomika.in/
|medium=[[Theatre]]
|subject=[[art]]
}}

'''Bhoomika''' is an Indian [[Theatre]] group based in [[Hyderabad]]. It was founded in 1989 by Udaya Bhanu Garikipati.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A thespian with conviction|url=https://telanganatoday.com/thespian-conviction|last=Rao|first=AuthorSiddharth|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-16}}</ref> The group began its first production in 1989 with Kaki Bangaram, an adaption of [[Vijay Tendulkar]]'s Pahije Jathiche. It later produced various original plays as well as adaptations in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Hindi]] and [[Dakhini|Deccani]].

The Plays Kissa ek Ajnabhi Lash Ka, Jor Laga ke Haissa, Puthra Kameshti, Yamraj Bole Sou Saal Jiyo, Chawanny, Subbarao Ki Shahadat, a Hindi adaptation of [[Sławomir Mrożek|Slavomir Mrozek]]’s Martyrdom Of Peter Ohey, Bharathendu Harischandra’s Andheri Nagari are some of the plays that were staged very successfully in Hyderabad, [[Gorakhpur]], [[Dhanbad]], [[Jamshedpur]], [[New Delhi]] etc. Some of these plays have won appreciation from critics like Kavitha Nagpal, Jayadev Taneja.

G Udaya Bhanu, The president of Bhoomika was granted a Senior Fellowship in 1999 by [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]] for working on some of the folk forms of the region like [[Oggu Katha]], [http://www.navatelangana.com/article/jaatara/255254 Gollasuddulu], [https://sphoorthi-theatre.blogspot.com/2012/04/baindla-katha-jamukula-katha-folk-art.html Baindla Katha], [[Chidathala Ramayanam]], [https://sphoorthi-theatre.blogspot.com/2012/04/baindla-katha-jamukula-katha-folk-art.html Jamukula Katha]. This research work is aimed at further enriching the group with more and more folk inputs.

==History==
Bhoomika Theatre Group (since 1989) started producing realistic plays, and then switched over to non realistic plays. Kaki Bangaram, [[Vijay Tendulkar]]’s [[PAHIJE JATHICHE]], was the first step in that direction. Later in 1990 Mareechika, directed by G Udaya Bhanu, produced under Assistance To Young Theatre Workers scheme of [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], [[New Delhi]], was the first of the group’s attempt to exploit the potential of the [[Folk music|folk]] music . The play was a success, mainly because of the folk tunes that were used to enrich the production. Senior theatre persons like Sri [[BV Karanth]] appreciated the attempt. Another notable production of the group was Emo Gurram Eguravachu, an adaptation of [[Vijay Tendulkar]]’s realistic play [[Manus Navanche Bet]].

Habib Tanveer’s [[Charandas Chor]] has used Bhojpuri folk tunes extensively and very successfully and is one of the major successes of the group. It got rave reviews in places like New Delhi, Varanasi.

Since 1989, the group has produced more than 12 plays in Hindi. Out of these plays very few were originally written in Hindi. Some of the classics and popular plays of Telugu were translated into Hindi, and were brought to the notice of non-Telugu speaking audience. Similarly, plays from different Indian languages were translated into Telugu.

[[Girish Karnad]]’s Nagamandala, Bertolt Brecht’s Insaan Ho Tho Leek Se Hato (Exception and The Rule), Manoj Mithra’s Raj Darshan and Badal Sircar’s Hattamla ke Us paar, Bertolt Brecht’s Insaan Ho Tho Leek Se Hato, a Hindi Adaptation of “ Exception and the Rule” are some of the important Hindi productions of the group.

Tella Sunna, Telugu adaptation of Bertolt Brecht’s Caucasian Chalk Circle, is another noteworthy production of the group. This play used the folk music of North Telangana, which made it easier for the audience to understand Brecht. The adaptation, the use of local folk music and some of the folk narrative and performative elements of folk forms like Chindu Bhagavatham has transformed the German play as an original Telugu play In Brechtian style. The play won both popular and critical applause.

Hart & Kauffman’s The Man Who Came to Dinner, an American comedy, was adapted into Telugu as O Cine Bhasmasura, is one of the very successful plays of the group. The play is a critique on the people, who are crazy about films and film personalities.<ref name=bhoomika/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/seema-azharuddin-is-set-to-give-telugu-theatre-a-fillip-with-cine-bhasmasura/article7900270.ece|title=Cine Bhasmasura: Bid to revive Telugu theatre|date=2015-11-20|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-03-23|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Charanadasu, a Telugu adaptation of [[Habib Tanvir|Habib Tanveer]]’s Charanadas Chor, an adaptation of a classical Rajasthani folktale by [[Vijaydan Detha]]. It was produced in 1996 retaining the same Bhojpuri tunes, that were used in the version. The play won Nandi Awards for Second best play, Best Direction, Best music. The Government of Andhra Pradesh institutes these awards, These are considered to be the highest awards in the state.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sastry|first=A. Ramalinga|url=https://www.thehindu.com/arts/Sensitising-theme/article14941737.ece|title=Sensitising theme|date=2011-03-10|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-04-12|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

“Droupadi” is a play drawn from the famous Kuppam Veedhinatakam Folk tradition and the play was produced by the group, with the help of Sri Ramachandra Rao, a veteran of the tradition. He trained the actors of Bhoomika and the play was performed for the urban audience of Hyderabad.

“Nagamandala “ a play by Sri Girish Karnad, Jnanapeeth Awardee was also produced by the group along with the youth of the Railway Degree College, Secunderabad as a part of a theatre work shop for the students of the college.

[[Maryada Ramanna]], Memu atavikulam, Udutha Ramayanam, Azeer, Anjigadu, (an adaptation of Mahaswetha Devi’ s play), Moodo Kannu, Bullipetta Boochadu, Raachakoodu are some of the plays that were produced during the year 2004 – 2010.

In the year 2010, Bhoomika has taken up an important project with [[Surabhi (theatre group)|Surabhi]], a family theater group with 150 years of history. The group started working with the youth of the Surabhi family (who are drifting away from theater due to various reasons) and in the course of a workshop produced Charanadasu in the month of March 2010. The group is making serious efforts to evolve the youth into a professional theatre group to cater to the needs of the modern audience.

Gopatrudu is a celebrated novel written by [[K. N. Y. Patanjali|KNY Patanjali]] in 1994. It is a satirical take on the present-day society, institutions, leaders and values. It was dramatized and directed by Udaya Bhanu Garikipati, and was staged in Tatiparti, East Godavari district in 2009. The play was revived by Bhoomika in 2011 and 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Tollywood/2019-02-27/A-satirical-play-on-present-day-society/503017|title=A satirical play on present-day society|last=India|first=The Hans|website=The Hans India|date=27 February 2019|language=en|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Theatre Group in Hyderabad - Bhoomika Theatre Group|url=http://bhoomika.in/history.html|website=bhoomika.in|access-date=2020-05-16}}</ref>

Baribattala Raju is a telugu adaptation of Nanga Raja written by [[Badal Sircar]]. It was translated to Telugu by Samyukta. Bhoomika had many successful shows of Badi Battala Raju along with the Hindi version Nanga Raja.

Bari Battala Raju has been performed in different places in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh and has received great response. Manish, has received multiple awards as an actor in different statewide competitions.

==Mungitlo Natakam==

Mungitlo Natakam or ''Theatre at your doorstep'' is an initiative by Bhoomika theatre group. The initiative gives an opportunity to the colonies and gated communities to invite the group to their space and perform for free.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/bringing-a-new-dimension-to-theatre|title=Bringing a new dimension to theatre|last=Gayathri|first=AuthorSarada|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-25}}</ref>
The main goal of this initiative is to show the taste of live theatre to the next generation of audience.
It was first started by the group in 2004.<ref name="bhoomika">{{Cite web |title=Best Theatre Group in Hyderabad - Bhoomika Theatre Group |url=https://bhoomika.in/gallery.html |access-date=2024-08-16 |website=bhoomika.in}}</ref> Over a two-year period, the theatre team went to different localities in Hyderabad and performed plays in residential areas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A thespian with conviction|url=https://telanganatoday.com/thespian-conviction|last=Rao|first=AuthorSiddharth|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-16}}</ref> The group performed nearly 30 shows and it was a huge success. It was disbanded due to logistical reasons. It was revived again in 2019.<ref name="Thatipalli">{{Cite news|last=Thatipalli|first=Mallik|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/bhoomika-theatre-group-in-hyderabad-brings-entertainment-to-your-doorstep/article31046866.ece|title=Bhoomika theatre group in Hyderabad now brings entertainment to your doorstep|date=2020-03-12|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-04-25|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bhoomika.in/index.html|last1=bhoomika|title=Best Theatre Group in Hyderabad - Bhoomika Theatre Group|website=bhoomika theatre group}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/thespian-conviction|title=A thespian with conviction|last=Rao|first=AuthorSiddharth|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/bringing-a-new-dimension-to-theatre|title=Bringing a new dimension to theatre|last=Gayathri|first=AuthorSarada|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/bhoomika-theatre-group-in-hyderabad-brings-entertainment-to-your-doorstep/article31046866.ece| title = Bhoomika theatre group's new initiative 'Theatre At Your Doorstep' - The Hindu| newspaper = The Hindu| date = 12 March 2020| last1 = Thatipalli| first1 = Mallik}}</ref>

== Theatre for young Audience ==
Bhoomika is very passionate about doing theatre for children.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A thespian with conviction|url=https://telanganatoday.com/thespian-conviction|last=Rao|first=AuthorSiddharth|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-16}}</ref>

Bhoomika is associated with [[ASSITEJ]]. As part of that, Assitej India has organised International Theatre Festival for Children and Young audience since 2014.<ref name="chaibisket.com">{{Cite web|title=Hyderabad All Set To Host The "Fourth International Theater Festival" – TIFLI!|url=https://chaibisket.com/tifli-theatre-festival/|last=Ej|first=Ejaz|website=Chai Bisket|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-16}}</ref> TIFLI Hyderabad is organised in association with Bhoomika to engage and enlighten children and spread the awareness about [[Theatre for Young Audiences|Theatre for Young Audience]] (TYA). Bhoomika has organised TIFLI 4 times from 2014 to 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A powerful play on water in Hyderabad theatre|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/theatre/091217/a-powerful-play-on-water-in-hyderabad-theatre.html|last=Adivi|first=Sashidhar|date=2017-12-09|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2020-05-16}}</ref><ref name="Murthy">{{Cite news|last=Murthy|first=Neeraja|date=2017-12-07|title=Playground of theatre|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/the-three-day-international-theatre-festival-for-children-and-young-people-tifli-in-hyderabad/article21288224.ece|access-date=2020-05-16|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> There were performances of mime, magic, music, dance, puppets, storytelling, and stand up comedy along with theatre plays for children.<ref name="chaibisket.com"/> Here the adults performed for children and young adults. This kind of theatre, developed by adults for children, helps to get closer to them and address some of their issues. This was taken up by Bhoomika to spread information about theatre for young audiences among schools and theatre practitioners in Hyderabad.<ref name="Murthy"/>

In November 2022, Bhoomika theatre group, [[Telangana Pollution Control Board|Telangana Pollution control board]], Telangana Biodiversity board and Ecofolks jointly organised the First Telangana state Green theatre festival at the Bhaskara Auditorium, BM Birla Science museum, Khairtabad. An inter-school drama competition was organised.<ref>{{Cite web |title=#121 - Page 5 - Deccan Vision Karimnagar 20 Nov 2022 |url=https://epaper.deccanvision.com/clip/121 |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=epaper.deccanvision.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Productions==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!YEAR
!NAME
!LANGUAGE
!WRITER
!DIRECTOR
!
|-
|1989
|Kaki Bangaram
|Telugu
|S. Hanumantha Rao
|Udaya Bhanu G
|An adaptation of [[Vijay Tendulkar]]’s Marathi play “Pahije Jathiche”. Adapted to Telugu by S. Hanumantha Rao.
|-
|1989
|Chal Chal Gurram
|Telugu
|[[Tanikella Bharani]]
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|1990
|Mareechika
|Telugu
|Sivajee
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Produced under Sangeetha Nataka Akademi’s scheme of “Assistance to Young Theatre Workers”.
|-
|1990
|Kissa Ek Ajnabi Laash Ka
|Hindi
|Md. Afzaluddin
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Deccani adaptation of a popular Telugu play by [[M.Diwakar Babu]]
|-
|1991
|Emo Gurram Egara Vachu
|Telugu
|Jagannath
|Udaya Bhanu G
|An adaptation of [[Vijay Tendulkar]]’s “Manus Navanche Bet” .
|-
|1991
|Jor Laga Ke Haissa
|Hindi
|Md Abdulla
|Udaya Bhanu G
|An adaption of a popular Telugu Play 'Rayi" Written by A. Gopala Raju. Adapted to Hindi by Md. Abdulla.
|-
|1991
|58 Not Out
|Hindi
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|1991
|Gandhi Darshan
|Telugu
|
|
|
|-
|1991
|Yamaraj Bole Sou Sal Jiyo
|Hindi
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Udaya Bhanu G
|The play aims at propagating better awareness about industrial safety among workers.
|-
|1991
|Mahanagaram
|Telugu
|D. S. N. Murthy
|Udaya Bhanu G
|The troubles of the citizens’ of concrete jungles are the subject matter of the play.
|-
|1992
|Puthra Kaamesthi
|Hindi
|Ganesh Pathro
|Udaya Bhanu G
|A very popular Telugu play written by Ganesh Pathro is about family planning.
|-
|1993
|Swathanthra Samara Bheri
|Telugu
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Produced on the occasion of the golden jubilee celebrations of Quit India movement.
|-
|1993
|Andheri Nagari
|Hindi
|Bharatendu Harischandra
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Bharatendu Harischandra has written the play during the days of freedom struggle.
|-
|1994
|Dammit Katha Addam Thirigindi
|Telugu
|[[Yandamuri Veerendranath|Yendamuri Veerendranath]]
|Chatla Sri Ramulu
|
|-
|1993
|Chawanny
|Hindi
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|1993
|Oh Cine Bhasmasura
|Telugu
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|1994
|Aruna
|Telugu
|V.Rajeev, Gudipati Venkata Chalam
|Naripatta Raju
|
|-
|1994
|Tella Sunna
|Telugu
|
|
|
|-
|1995
|Subbarao Ki Shahadath
|Hindi
|
|
|
|-
|1996
|Charandas Chor
|Hindi
|[[Habib Tanvir]]
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|1996
|Raj Darshan
|Hindi
|Manoj Mitra
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|1997
|Charanadasu
|Telugu
|[[Habib Tanvir]]
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|1997
|Insaan Ho Tho Leek Se Hato
|Hindi
|Bertolt Brecht
|Udaya Bhanu G
|An Adaptation of Brecht’s “Exception and the Rule”. Adapted to Telugu by Udaya Bhanu G.
|-
|1997
|Nagamandal
|Hindi
|Girish Karnad
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|1998
|Nandanvanam
|Telugu
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Udaya Bhanu G
|The play is commissioned by People’s Initiative Network, an NGO, working with slum dwellers of Twin Cities.
|-
|1999
|Hattamala Ke Us Par
|Hindi
|[[Badal Sircar]]
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|2000
|Dibba Desam Dataaka
|Telugu
|[[Badal Sircar]]
|Udaya Bhanu G
|A telugu adaption of Hattamala ke us par by Badal Sircar. Adapted to telugu by Udaya Bhanu G.
|-
|2001
|Esuromani Manushulunte
|Telugu
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|2003
|Droupadi
|Telugu
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|2004
|Maryada Ramanna
|Telugu
|Nyayapathi Raghava Rao
|DV Sridhar
|
|-
|2004
|Udatha Ramayanam
|Telugu
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|2005
|Azeer
|Hindi
|Swapan Mondal
|Swapan Mondal
|
|-
|2006
|Behula Ek Nadi Ka Naam
|Hindi
|Swapan Mondal
|Swapan Mondal
|
|-
|2006
|Memu Atavikulam
|Telugu
|DV Sridhar
|Swapan Mondal
|
|-
|2006
|O Cine Bhasmasura
|Telugu
|Hart and Kaufman
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|2007
|Anjigadu
|Telugu
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|2008
|Moodokannu
|Telugu
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|2009
|Bullipette Boochadu
|Telugu
|Udaya Bhanu G, Balleda Narayanamurthy
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|2010
|Badarika Vanam
|Telugu
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Based on Jataka Tales
|-
|2010
|Charanadasu
|Telugu
|Habib Tanwir
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Adapted to Telugu by Udaya Bhanu G
|-
|2011
|Gopathrudu
|Telugu
|KNY Patanjali
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Dramatised and directed by Udaya Bhanu G
|-
|2013
|Gaddi Karichina Desam
|Telugu
|Unknown
|Swapan Mondal
|Based on an Asian Folk Tale. Adapted by Udaya Bhanu G
|-
|2014
|Edu Chepala Katha
|Telugu
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|2015
|Sampangi
|Telugu
|Grimm Brothers
|V Krishna Prasad
|
|-
|2106
|Vihanga Prasthanam
|Telugu
|Rabindranath Tagore
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Adapted to telugu by Udaya Bhanu G
|-
|2017
|Chal Chal Gurram<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/bhoomikas-hilarious-take-on-alcoholics|title=Bhoomika's hilarious take on alcoholics|last=Nanisetti|first=AuthorShanti|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-22}}</ref>
|Telugu
|Tanikella Bharani
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|2018
|Gopathrudu
|Telugu
|K.N.Y.Patanjali
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|2019
|Bullipette Boochadu
|Telugu
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|2019
|Kundeti Kommu
|Telugu
|M Diwakar Babu
|Udaya Bhanu G
|Has also been performed more than 10 times as a part of Mungitlo Natakam.
|-
|2020
|Charanadasu
|Telugu
|Habib Tanwir
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|2021
|Dibba desam dataaka
|Telugu
|Badal Sircar
|Udaya Bhanu G
|A telugu adaption of Hattamala ke us par by Badal Sircar. Adapted to telugu by Udaya Bhanu G.
|-
|2022
|Baribattala Raju
|Telugu
|Badal Sircar
|Rajeev Ranjan
|
|-
|2022
|Nanga Raja
|Deccani
|Badal Sircar
|Rajeev Ranjan
|
|-
|2023
|Chal Chal Gurram<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhoomika Theatre's Udaya Bhanu Garikipati is ready to unveil his latest play, Chal Chal Gurram |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/theatre/2023/jul/07/bhoomika-theatres-udaya-bhanu-garikipati-is-ready-to-unveil-his-latest-play-chal-chal-gurram-50696.html |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=www.indulgexpress.com |language=en}}</ref>
|Telugu
|[[Tanikella Bharani|Thanikella Bharani]]
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|2023
|Kundeti Kommu
|Telugu
|M Diwakar Babu
|Udaya Bhanu G
|
|-
|}
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bhoomika.in/history.html|title=bhoomika productions|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202424/http://bhoomika.in/history.html |archive-date=2020-03-22 |access-date=}}</ref>

==Training==
In addition to producing plays, the group also conducts theatre workshops for children and youth. These workshops are held in schools, colleges and also slums. They are mainly aimed at improving the communicative skills, sensibilities and thereby understanding their own selves and also the society around them. Theatre games and techniques are used as a tool to improve the personalities than to train them as performers. As a follow up to these workshops, for those who are interested in theatre, weekly theatre classes are held every Sunday.

In 2011, Bhoomika in collaboration with [[National School of Drama]], organised a theatre workshop for the younger generation of [[Surabhi (theatre group)|Surabhi]] theatre group to encourage them to stick with theatre as a mainstream profession. The workshop introduced the modern techniques of theatre to its participants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/revamping-theatre-392799.html|title=Revamping theatre|website=News18|date=17 August 2011|access-date=2020-04-27}}</ref>

Apart from this, Bhoomika also offers a three month actor's training program. After which the trained actors perform in various venues across the twin cities.<ref name="Thatipalli"/>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Theatre companies]]
[[Category:Theatre companies in India]]

Anupama (1966 film)

2026-03-04T03:54:10Z

Joy sagar Murmu: rework intro as per guidelines and fixed typos based on references

{{About|the 1966 film|the 1981 film|Anupama (1981 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Anupama
| image = Anupama (1966).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]]
| producer = L. B. Lachman
| screenplay = Bimal Dutta D. N. Mukherjee {{Infobox|decat=yes|child=yes|label1= Dialogues by|data1 = [[Rajinder Singh Bedi]]}}
| story = Hrishikesh Mukherjee
| starring = [[Dharmendra]] [[Sharmila Tagore]] [[Shashikala]] [[Deven Verma]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Jaywant Pathare
| editing = Das Dhaimade
| music = [[Hemant Kumar]]
| studio = LB Films
| distributor = [[Shemaroo Entertainment]]
| released = {{Film date|1966|||df=yes}}
| runtime = 148 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}
'''Anupama''' ({{Translation|Incomparable}}) is a 1966 [[Hindi film]] directed by [[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]] featuring [[Dharmendra]], [[Sharmila Tagore]], [[Shashikala]], [[Deven Verma]] and Surekha Pandit. At the [[14th National Film Awards|1966 National Film Awards]], the film won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gomolo.com/9/national-film-awards-1966 |title=National Film Awards (1966) |access-date=3 November 2021 |archive-date=27 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227140304/http://www.gomolo.com/9/national-film-awards-1966 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Plot==
Mohan Sharma (Tarun Bose), a successful businessman in [[Mumbai]], marries Aruna (Surekha Pandit) late in his life. His happy marriage ends when Aruna dies during childbirth, leaving behind a young daughter, Uma ([[Sharmila Tagore]]). Mohan cannot bear to see his daughter unless he is drunk, as she is a painful reminder of his late wife. Naturally, Uma grows up all by herself and becomes highly introverted and depressed. As time passes, Mohan's health starts failing due to overwork and alcoholism; doctors suggest a change of weather to a hill station, [[Mahabaleshwar]].

Meanwhile, Arun Mehta (Deven Verma), the son of Mohan's friend Hari Mehta, is set to marry Uma, but prefers Annie ([[Shashikala]]) instead. He returns home after studying engineering abroad for five years, and joins them along with his friend, Ashok ([[Dharmendra]]), a writer and teacher who due to his straightforward nature most of the time remains jobless. Things change when young Ashok enters Uma's life. Uma falls in love with Ashok but she cannot do anything to jeopardize the already fragile relationship between her and her father who dislikes Ashok. Finally, Uma's father agrees and Uma leaves with Ashok to his [[village]].

==Cast==
* [[Dharmendra]] as Ashok
* [[Sharmila Tagore]] as Uma Sharma
* [[Shashikala]] as Anita "Annie" Bakshi
* [[Tarun Bose]] as Mohan Sharma
* [[Dulari (actress)|Dulari]] as Sarla
* [[David (actor)|David]] as Moses
* [[Deven Verma]] as Arun Mehta
* Naina as Gauri
* [[Durga Khote]] as Ashok's Mother
* Surekha Pandit as Aruna Sharma
* [[Brahm Bhardwaj]] as Suresh Bakshi

==Production==
According to Mukherjee, the film was based on his cousin. "My aunt died during childbirth, my uncle became an alcoholic, and he couldn't stand his daughter. For Anupama’s relationship with the poet who rescues her, I used my imagination," he told [[The Indian Express]]. His decision to cast Tagore as the protagonist was also frowned upon. Tagore, who was working on ''[[An Evening in Paris]]'' at the time, had received backlash for wearing a one-piece swimsuit for the film. She was the first [[Hindi cinema|Bollywood]] actress to have done so. "There were howls of protests when I signed [Tagore]. I was told to take [[Nutan]] instead, I said, ‘Look, Rinku [Tagore] has the expressive eyes of my Anupama.’ I had to instruct her very closely. She didn’t know what she was doing. When she saw the rush print, Rinku gave me a kiss,” said Mukherjee. The song ''Kuch Dil Ne Kaha'' from the film was shot in [[Mahabaleshwar]], for which Tagore and her co-star [[Dharmendra]] had to report on set at five in the morning.''<ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/the-sound-of-silence-2/ The Sound of Silence] Indian Express, March 15, 2015.</ref>'' Majority of ''Anupama'' was shot at Mohan Studios in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

==Music and soundtrack==
The music for the Anupama was composed by [[Hemant Kumar]] and the lyrics were penned by [[Kaifi Azmi]]. The songs were sung by [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Asha Bhosle]] and Hemant Kumar.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Song
! Singer/s!!Length
![[Raga]]
|-
| "Dheere Dheere Machal"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]||4:04
|[[Khamaj]]
|-
| "Kuchh Dil Ne Kaha"
| Lata Mangeshkar||4:10
|[[Bhimpalasi]]
|-
| "Bheegi Bheegi Faza"
| [[Asha Bhosle]]||4:14
|
|-
| "Kyon Mujhe Itni Khushi"
| Asha Bhosle||4:01
|
|-
| "Ya Dil Ki Suno Duniyawalo"
| [[Hemant Kumar]]||4:32
|[[Pilu (raga)]]
|}

== Release ==
''Anupama'' was released on 21 January 1966 and it did an above average business at the box office. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=172&catName=MTk2Ng== |title=Box Office 1966 |access-date=22 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014102652/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=172&catName=MTk2Ng== |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Awards==
''Anupama'' received five nominations at the 1967 Filmfare Awards for Best Film, and Jaywant Pathare won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematography]]. The film also won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi]] at the [[14th National Film Awards|1966 National Film Awards]].<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/28slide2.htm Hrishikesh Mukherjee's best films - Anupama (1966)] at ''[[Rediff.com]]''.

{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Hindi}}
{{Hrishikesh Mukherjee}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anupama}}
[[Category:1966 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1966 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1966 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee]]
[[Category:Films scored by Hemant Kumar]]
[[Category:Best Hindi Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Films about depression]]
[[Category:Films shot in Maharashtra]]

Rohit Roy

2026-03-02T14:07:25Z

Joy sagar Murmu: correct section for consistency

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{distinguish|Ronit Roy}}
{{COI|date=September 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rohit Roy
| image = Rohit Roy during the 45th International Film Festival of India (IFFI-2014), in Panaji, Goa (cropped).jpg
| caption = Rohit Roy in 2014
| birth_name = Rohit Bose Roy<ref>{{cite news |title=Rohit Bose Roy says brother Ronit Roy is like his father: 'I wouldn't pick up a glass unless he asks me to drink with him' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/rohit-bose-roy-career-highs-lows-brother-ronit-roy-sanjay-gupta-films-7921402/ |access-date=6 August 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|04|05|df=yes}} or {{birth date and age|1969|04|05|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mattoo |first1=Seema |title=Rohit Roy celebrates two birthdays! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rohit-roy-celebrates-two-birthdays/articleshow/66084693.cms |access-date=12 March 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=6 October 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=50-year-old Rohit Roy flaunts toned abs in latest pic, R Madhavan asks all men to take note |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/50-year-old-rohit-roy-flaunts-toned-abs-in-latest-pic-r-madhavan-asks-all-men-to-take-note-1631149-2019-12-24 |access-date=12 March 2020 |work=India Today |date=24 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=25 February 2020|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rohit-roy-surprises-all-with-his-fab-transformation-at-the-age-of-51-credits-salman-khan-for-inspiring-him/photostory/74303277.cms|title=Rohit Roy surprises all with his fab transformation at the age of 51, credits Salman Khan for inspiring him|work=The Times of India|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Nagpur]], Maharashtra, India
| known_for =
| occupation = Actor
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Manasi Joshi Roy]]|23 June 1999}}
| children = 1
| relatives = [[Ronit Roy]] (brother) [[Sharman Joshi]] (brother-in-law)
}}

'''Rohit Bose Roy''' (born 5 April 1968/1969) is an Indian actor who is known for his work in several television and film productions. He is best known for his role in [[Hindi]] television serials such as ''[[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]]'' on [[Star Plus]] and ''[[Swabhimaan]]'' on [[DD National]].<ref name="express">{{cite news|title=Grateful that God gave me Sanjivani to make my TV comeback: Rohit Roy|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/rohit-roy-sanjivani-reboot-vardhaan-films-theatre-brother-ronit-rohit-roy-5993194/|work=[[Indian Express Limited]]|date=14 September 2019|access-date=27 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922145017/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/rohit-roy-sanjivani-reboot-vardhaan-films-theatre-brother-ronit-rohit-roy-5993194/|archive-date=22 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Besides working in television series, Roy has also acted in notable Bollywood movies such as ''[[Kaabil]]'', ''[[Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena (film)|Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena]]'', ''[[Apartment (film)|Apartment]]'' and ''[[Plan (film)|Plan]]'' among others. He starred in the movie ''[[Shootout at Lokhandwala]]'', in which he portrayed the character Fattu, one of the gang members.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Rohit-Roy|title=Rohit Roy|work=The Times of India|access-date=20 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611212449/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Rohit-Roy|archive-date=11 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/topic/rohit-roy|title=rohit roy|work=NDTV|access-date=20 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806224933/http://movies.ndtv.com/topic/rohit-roy|archive-date=6 August 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Roy has also directed a short film named ''Rice Plate'' – as a part of the [[anthology film]] ''[[Dus Kahaniyaan]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=IANS |title=Rohit Roy to make his international debut with sci-fi thriller 'IRaH', directed by Sam Bhattacharjee |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/ronit-roy-make-his-international-debut-sci-fi-thriller-irah-directed-sam-bhattacharjee-1080961 |access-date=5 June 2023 |work=PINKVILLA |date=3 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Roy launched his own fashion brand in the year 2020, ''Rohit Roy for Styched'', in association with ''Styched Life''.<ref>{{cite news |title=This has been a dream: Rohit Roy is 'chuffed' to launch his own clothing line |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/fashion-and-trends/this-has-been-a-dream-rohit-roy-is-chuffed-to-launch-his-own-clothing-line/story-7MCrv8P3UCh9YWVSwzVB6N.html |access-date=23 August 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=4 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and background==
Roy is a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] and he had spent his formative years in [[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat. He did his schooling from [[St. Xavier's High School, Loyola Hall, Ahmedabad|St. Xavier's School, Ahmedabad]]. He is also an alumnus of [[St. Xavier's College, Ahmedabad]].<ref name=ethnicity>{{cite news |last1=Jambhekar |first1=Shruti |title=I'm a Gujarati at heart, and a Bengali by birth: Rohit Roy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/im-a-gujarati-at-heart-and-a-bengali-by-birth-rohit-roy/articleshow/62882881.cms |access-date=27 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=12 February 2018 |language=en}}</ref> He is the younger son of businessman Brothindranath and Dolly Bose Roy. His elder brother, [[Ronit Roy]] is a well-known television and film actor.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rohit Roy remembers his late father; elder brother Ronit says 'you have me' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rohit-roy-remembers-his-late-father-elder-brother-ronit-says-you-have-me/articleshow/60291428.cms |access-date=23 August 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=30 August 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Roy married actress [[Manasi Joshi Roy]] on 23 June 1999.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Juhi |title=#HTCityCheers23: From Kajol, Ajay Devgn to Madhuri Dixit Nene, here are all the Bollywood couples who have been happily married for 23 years |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/htcitycheers23-from-kajol-ajay-devgn-to-madhuri-dixit-nene-here-are-all-the-bollywood-couples-who-have-been-happily-married-for-23-years-101649590753812.html |access-date=23 May 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 April 2022}}</ref> They have one daughter together, Kiara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.news18.com/photogallery/movies/happy-anniversary-rohit-roy-manasi-joshi-personal-photos-of-the-couple-you-may-have-missed-1011044.html|title=Happy anniversary Rohit Roy, Manasi Joshi: Personal photos of the couple you may have missed|website=News18|access-date=12 July 2016|date=24 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810060436/http://www.news18.com/photogallery/movies/happy-anniversary-rohit-roy-manasi-joshi-personal-photos-of-the-couple-you-may-have-missed-1011044.html|archive-date=10 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> He can also speak [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] fluently.<ref name=ethnicity/> Rohit is also an avid [[Vipassana]] practitioner and has shared his personal views during one of his interviews with [[Rahul Rao (Govu)]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBcJgtQWBzA&t=29s | title=RR (Rohit Roy) in frank conversation with RR (Rahul Rao) about Vipassana Meditation | Dhamma Pattana | website=[[YouTube]] | date=4 December 2022 }}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{|class="wikitable"
|+Key
|{{nom|{{dagger|alt=Films that are not yet released}}}}
|Denotes feature films that are not yet released
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!film
!Role
!Notes
|-
|rowspan=2|1994||''[[Jazbaat (1994 film)|Jazbaat]]''|| Vishal Shashtri ||
|-
||''Gaata Rahe Mera Dil''|| || Unreleased
|-
|1996||''Laalchee'' ||Amar Prabhakar Choudhry||
|-
|rowspan=4|1997||''Hamein Jahan Pyar Mile''|| ||
|-
||''[[Ankhon Mein Tum Ho]]''|| Prem ||
|-
||''[[Achena Atithi (1997 film)|Achena Atithi]]''||Prem ||
|-
||''[[Koi Kisise Kum Nahin]]''||Amar||
|-
|rowspan=2|2000||''Glamour Girl''|| ||
|-
||''[[Hum To Mohabbat Karega]]''||Rohit||
|-
|2002||''[[Kaante]]''||special appearance in song, "Ishq Samundar" ||
|-
|2003||''[[LOC Kargil]]''|| Capt Shashibhushan Ghildyal||
|-
|2004||''[[Plan (film)|Plan]]''|| Omi||
|-
|rowspan=2|2005|| ''[[Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena (film)|Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena]]''||Rohit||
|-
|| ''[[Kuchh Meetha Ho Jaye]]''||Pilot Vikram Sinha||
|-
|rowspan=3|2007||''[[Dus Kahaniyaan]]''||Dev ||([[Anthology film]]) story ''[[Dus Kahaniyaan#Plot|Gubbare]]''
|-
||''[[Shootout at Lokhandwala]]'' ||Fattu||
|-
||''[[Delhii Heights]]''||Bobby||
|-
|rowspan=2|2008||''[[Fashion (2008 film)|Fashion]]'' ||Kartik Suri||
|-
||''[[Don Muthu Swami]]''||Preetam||
|-
|rowspan=2|2010||''[[Apartment (film)|Apartment]]''||Karan Malhotra||
|-
||''[[Mittal v/s Mittal]]''||Karan Mittal||
|-
|rowspan=2|2011||''Bhorer Alo''|| Subhankar Bose || Bengali film<ref name="News18_Nov2014">{{cite news |title=Rohit Roy admires brother Ronit Roy's talent |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/rohit-roy-admires-brother-ronit-roys-talent-728217.html |access-date=8 December 2024 |work=News18 |agency=Press Trust of India |date=26 November 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|| ''Alibaug''|| ||
|-
|2013||''[[Mrs. Sen]]''||Somnath || Bengali film<ref name="News18_Nov2014"/>
|-
|2014||''Sada Canvas''||||Bengali film<ref>{{cite news |title=Sada Canvas (Bengali) / Rehash |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/sada-canvas-bengali-rehash/ |access-date=11 April 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=1 August 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2015||''[[Calendar Girls (2015 film)|Calendar Girls]]''||Timmy||
|-
|2017||''[[Kaabil]]''||Amit Shellar||
|-
|rowspan=2|2018||''[[I.M.A. Gujju]]''||Siddhraj Zala|| Gujarati film
|-
||''[[Paltan (film)|Paltan]]''||Maj. Cheema||
|-
|2021
| ''[[Mumbai Saga]]''
| Jaykar Shinde (Baba)
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sanjay-gupta-nervous-to-shoot-for-mumbai-saga/articleshow/70854273.cms|title=Sanjay Gupta nervous to shoot for 'Mumbai Saga'|website=The Times of India|date=27 August 2019|access-date=27 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827182446/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sanjay-gupta-nervous-to-shoot-for-mumbai-saga/articleshow/70854273.cms|archive-date=27 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|''[[Forensic (2022 film)|Forensic]]''
| Abhay Khanna
| [[Zee5]] film
|-
|''Verses of War''
|Captain Nawaz
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Chengiz (film)|Chengiz]]''
| ACP Samir Sinha
|Bengali film
|-
|2024
|''[[IRaH]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Varma |first1=Lipika |date=24 March 2024 |title=Rohit Bose Roy's India's First AI-based film 'IRAH' |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/rohit-bose-roys-indias-first-ai-based-film-irah-886316 |work=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=16 January 2025 }}</ref>
|Hari Singh
|rowspan="2"|Hindi film
|-
|2025
|''[[Controll]]''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cyril |first=Grace |date=28 September 2025 |title=Rohit Roy, Thakur Anoop Singh's Cyber Crime Thriller Controll To Release In October |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/web-series/rohit-roy-thakur-anoop-singhs-cyber-crime-thriller-controll-to-release-in-october-ws-l-9601506.html |work=[[News 18]] |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref>
|Spydro / Shekhar Sisodiya
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Serial
! Role
|-
|1995-1998
|[[Swabhimaan]]
|Rishabh Malhotra
|-
|
| Khauff
| Episode 9 & Episode 10
|-
| 2002–2003
| ''[[Kkusum]]''
| Abhay Kapoor
|-
| 2003
| ''[[Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqeeqat]]'' - Karzz
| Nakul Kapoor
|-
| 2003
| ''[[Kittie Party]]''
|
|-
| 2003–2004
| ''[[Bhabhi (TV series)|Bhabhi]]''
| Raj Malhotra
|-
| 2004–2005
| ''[[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]]''
| Yash Kapoor
|-
| 2005–2006
| ''[[Sarkarr:Rishton Ki Ankahi Kahani]]''
| Karan Pratapsingh
|-
| 2006–2007
| ''[[Viraasat (2006 TV series)|Viraasat]]''
| Rahul Lamba
|-
|2020
|Locked in Love
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 13]]''
|Contestant (Quit)
|-
|2024
|''[[Karmma Calling]]''
| Satyajit Mehra
|}
* ''Tujhpe Dil Qurbaan'' as Lt. Karan
* ''[[Swabhimaan]]'' as Rishabh Malhotra
* ''[[Kabhie Kabhie (1997 TV series)|Kabhie Kabhie]]'' as Vijay Sinha
* ''[[Waaris (1999 TV series)|Waaris]]''
* ''[[Saturday Suspense]]'' - Haan Maine Coreena Peters Ka Khoon Kiya Hai as Kapil (Episode 95)
* ''[[Rishtey (TV series)|Rishtey]]'' – Ajnabee as Aman
* ''[[Hera Pheri (TV series)|Hera Pheri]]'' as Sanjay Premi
* ''[[Rishtey (TV series)|Rishtey]]'' – Sparsh as Vineet
* ''Baat Ban Jaaye'' as Amit Kapoor
* ''Gubbare'' – Bollywood Bite as Roxy
* ''[[Milan (Indian TV series)|Milan]]'' as Ranbir Kapoor
* ''Hum Hain Dilwale'' as Vijay
* ''[[Nach Baliye 1]]'' as Contestant
* ''Wild Ten'' as Host
* ''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 2'' as Host
* ''Yeh Hai Jalwa'' as Contestant
* ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 3|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 3]]'' as Host
* ''[[Dil Jeetegi Desi Girl]]'' as Host
* ''[[Sajda Tere Pyaar Mein]]'' as Mahendra Pratap Singh
* ''[[Hitler Didi]]'' as Major Kabir Chaudhary / Saheb
* ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 6|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6]]'' as Contestant
* ''[[The Bachelorette India]]'' as Host
* ''[[Encounter (Indian TV series)|Encounter]]'' as Senior Inspector Milind Mandlik
* ''[[Peterson Hill]]'' as Kishorilal Chadda / Jaggu
* ''Khooni Saaya'' as Host
* ''Memories'' as Siddharth
* ''[[Shakti - Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki]]'' as Nishant Bhalla
* ''[[Sanjivani (2019 TV series)|Sanjivani]]'' as Vardhaan<ref name="express"/>

=== Dubbing roles ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Film title !! Actor(s) !! Character(s) !! Dub language !! Original language !! Original Year release !! Dub Year release !! Notes
|-
| ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2]]'' || [[Chris Pratt]] || [[Star-Lord|Peter Quill / Star-Lord]] || Hindi || English || 2017 || 2017 ||
|-
| ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'' || [[Chris Pratt]] || [[Star-Lord|Peter Quill / Star-Lord]] || Hindi || English || 2018 || 2018 ||
|-
| ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3]]'' || [[Chris Pratt]] || [[Star-Lord|Peter Quill / Star-Lord]] || Hindi || English || 2023 || 2023 ||
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Indian television actors]]
* [[List of Indian male film actors]]
* [[List of Indian film actors]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Rohit}}
[[Category:1960s births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bengali people]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian television talk show hosts]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Contestants on Indian game shows]]
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Annie Quadros

2026-02-26T06:29:56Z

Joy sagar Murmu: started a entry

{{Short description|Actress and singer (born 1956)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Annie Quadros
| image = Annie Quadros at Tiatr Day 2017 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Quadros at the [[Kala Academy]], 2017
| birth_name = Any Piedade Josefa da Costa
| other_names = Pearl Annie<ref name=":2" />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|4|28|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Salcete#Salcette territory|Calata]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|singer}}
| spouse = {{marriage|João Quadros|1985}}
| children = 1
| years_active = 1975–present
| education = [[Secondary School Certificate]] (1975)
| notable_works = ''[[Padri (film)|Padri]]'' (2005)
| website = {{URL|facebook.com/pearlannie.quadros}}
}}

'''Any Piedade Josefa''' "'''Annie'''" '''Quadros''' ([[née]] '''da Costa'''; born 28 April 1956) is an actress and singer based in [[London, UK]]. She is known for her work in [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]] and ''[[tiatr]]'' (theatre) productions. Referred to as the "Pearl of the Konkani stage", she made her debut in 1975 in R. Moraes' ''[[Tiatr#Khell tiatr|khell tiatrs]]'' playing lead roles in two productions. A versatile actress, she is known for her role in the Konkani film ''[[Padri (film)|Padri]]'' (2005).

==Early life==
Quadros was born as Any Piedade Josefa da Costa on 28 April 1956 in [[Salcete#Salcette territory|Calata]], [[Goa]], which was part of [[Portuguese India]].<ref name=":2" /> She started her [[performing arts]] career in 1975, shortly after completing her [[Secondary School Certificate]] (SSC). During her time as a student, she had actively participated in various school plays, developing a passion for the stage. It was through a personal connection that she was introduced to the traditional [[Goan]] theatrical form known as ''[[tiatr]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Navhind |date=2015-06-11 |title=Tiatr's Diva – The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2015/06/11/magazines/buzz/tiatrs-diva/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>

On the [[Independence Day (India)|15 August]] 1975, Quadros marked her debut by assuming lead roles in two distinct ''tiatr'' productions, delivering them consecutively. During that era, the theatrical productions were commonly denoted as ''[[Tiatr#Khell tiatr|khell tiatrs]]'' and typically had a duration of approximately ninety minutes. In the play ''Darun Ostori'', she portrayed a "[[Femme fatale|vamp]]" character, while in the production ''Doth'' (Dowry), she depicted a character entangled in the issue of [[dowry]], effectively conveying a range of emotions including sadness and anguish while on stage. Both plays, under the direction of R. Moraes, garnered critical acclaim and became popular among the audience.<ref name=":0" /> After her successful role in the acclaimed non-stop ''tiatr Doiall Kallzacho'' (Kind Hearted), under the direction of [[Patrick Dourado]] and with an all-female cast, she joined [[Rosario Rodrigues]]' [[theater troupe]] in 1978-79. Her performances in plays like ''Tum Aslo'' and ''Miss Aruna'' earned her acclaim and recognition during this period.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Sequeira |first=Elvis |date=2010-11-12 |title=She plays 'Annie' With Élan |url=https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/12_nov |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=[[O Heraldo]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Quadros is a veteran performer on the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]], with a career spanning nearly four decades since the mid-1970s. Over the course of her career, she has embodied a diverse array of characters, encompassing roles like a widow, a troubled daughter-in-law, a champion of [[social cause]]s, a nun, a [[legal representative]], and a woman of wealth and privilege. Despite her versatility, she is known for her portrayal of the character Priti Mendonca in the ''[[tiatr]]'' ([[Konkani language|Konkani]] theater production) ''Amchea Gharant Tiatr'' (In Our House Tiatr), written by [[Prince Jacob]] in 2012. For more than twenty years, she has been a part of Jacob's [[theatrical troupe|ensemble]], having become a member in the year 1987.<ref name=":1" /> Critics lauded her portrayal of Priti Mendonca, a character depicted as [[Functional illiteracy|semi-literate]], assertive wife, stringent mother, and excessively enthusiastic mother-in-law. [[Theater critic]] and writer Daniel F. de Souza lauded Quadros' interpretation of the character. Quadros' commitment to the role went beyond her performance, as she also contributed to designing the character's wardrobe to enhance the overall portrayal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annie Quadros steals limelight as Priti Mendonca |url=https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/annie-quadros-steals-limelight-as-priti-mendonca/2214.html |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en}}</ref>

Quadros is known for her acting and singing contributions. In 2011, she was cast in the ''tiatr Teg Bhav Deva Pav'' (Three Brothers, God Help Us) by Prince Jacob, portraying the character of Asuntin. ''[[The Times of India]]'s'' [[Pio Esteves]] praised her portrayal of a mother in this production.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-05-09 |title=Family drama well worth seeing |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/family-drama-well-worth-seeing/articleshow/8200513.cms |access-date=2024-07-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She continued her ''tiatr'' work in 2013, appearing in two productions. In March of that year, she was cast in Simon Gonsalves' [[liturgical drama|lenten]] ''tiatr Government of God'', playing the role of the [[Legal guardian|guardian]] character Sandra. She also sang as part of this performance.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-03-18 |title=Turning to the Bible for a lesson |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/turning-to-the-bible-for-a-lesson/articleshow/19027268.cms |access-date=2024-07-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Later in December 2013, Quadros was featured in Prince Jacob's ''tiatr Pap Tujem Prachit Mhojem'' (Your Sin, My Suffering), where she took on the part of Goretti and contributed vocals.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-12-16 |title=Overcoming disabilities one stroke at a time |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/overcoming-disabilities-one-stroke-at-a-time/articleshow/27442027.cms |access-date=2024-07-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Quadros' ''tiatr'' acting resume expanded further in 2015 when she was cast in Simon Gonsalves' lenten production ''Jezuchem Povitr Rogot'' (Jesus's Holy Blood). For this work, she portrayed the role of Nacia, which ''The Times of India's'' [[Marcus Mergulhao]] described as an "egoistic and unforgiving" performance that delighted audiences.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-03-25 |title=Simon creates a visual delight with Jezuchem Povitr Rogot |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/simon-creates-a-visual-delight-with-jezuchem-povitr-rogot/articleshow/46681855.cms |access-date=2024-07-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Quadros has appeared in several [[Konkani language|Konkani]] theater (''[[tiatr]]'') productions over the years. In August 2015, she was cast in the ''tiatr Mhojem Kalliz Roddtta'' (My Heart Cries) by George Dias, portraying the role of a mother.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-08-03 |title='Mhojem Kalliz Roddtta' cries out for novel songs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/mhojem-kalliz-roddtta-cries-out-for-novel-songs/articleshow/48321009.cms |access-date=2024-07-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The following year, in April 2016, she was selected to play the role of a widow named Veronica in [[Prince Jacob]]'s ''tiatr Kaxanvkar'' (Coffin Maker). Additionally, she contributed a song performance to the production. The writer and critic Michael Gracias praised Quadros' work in this ''tiatr''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-04-30 |title=Prince Jacob's 'Kaxanvkar' rallies behind traditional Goan occupations |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/prince-jacobs-kaxanvkar-rallies-behind-traditional-goan-occupations/articleshow/47101808.cms |access-date=2024-07-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She continued her acting career in the ''tiatr'' medium, and in April 2017 she was cast in Jacob's ''tiatr Padri'' (Priest), where she played one of the lead roles of a widow named Angela. She also sang a song as part of this production.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-04-05 |title=Prince Jacob's 'Padri' achieves milestone, clocks 350 shows |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/prince-jacobs-padri-achieves-milestone-clocks-350-shows/articleshow/58034854.cms |access-date=2024-07-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Most recently, in July 2018, Quadros was featured in the ''tiatr Tujem Bhangar, Tujeach Angar'' (Your Gold on Your Body), portraying the role of an egoistic mother named Rebecca. For this performance, she collaborated with the actor Michael, singing a [[duet]] together.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-07-20 |title=Tujem Bhangar, Tujeach Angar is new tiatr in town |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/goa/tujem-bhangar-tujeach-angar-is-new-tiatr-in-town/articleshow/65103597.cms |access-date=2024-07-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In 2018, Quadros appeared in several performances. In January 2018, she had a role in the [[Konkani language]] film ''Planning Devachen'' (Planning of God). The direction of the film was attributed to Rajesh Fernandes, while the production was managed by Severino Fernandes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome 2018 with these Konkani films |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Welcome-2018-with-these-Konkani-films/124626 |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref> The following month, in February 2018, she was cast in the ''tiatr'' (Konkani theatrical performance) ''Fight For Right'', directed by Comedian Agostinho. In the film, the character played by her was of Dr. Ruth Mendonsa, a [[medical professional]] who is suspected of [[Medical malpractice|participating in unethical behavior at the hospital]] where she works. Quadros also participated in a [[trio (music)|trio]] musical performance during the opening of the ''tiatr'', singing alongside Benny de Aldona and Comedienne Janet. A [[theatre critic]] reviewing the production praised Quadros's portrayal of the corrupt [[medical practitioner]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The ugly side of medicine |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Voice-Of-Tiatr/The-ugly-side-of-medicine/126755 |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref> Later in 2018, in March, Quadros appeared in another ''tiatr'', Happy Easter, directed by Jr Reagan. In this work, she played the role of [[Home Minister]] Dilaila, described as a [[Political corruption|wicked]] [[government minister]]. Quadros's performance in this part was also well received by theatre critics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goodness will always be rewarded |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Voice-Of-Tiatr/Goodness-will-always-be-rewarded/128622 |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Quadros is married. Together they have one daughter, Keisha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernandes |first=A. Veronica |date=26 February 2019 |title=Grand Wedding of the daughter of Annie Quadros (Stage Artiste). |url=https://retributor25.rssing.com/chan-13620356/all_p45.html |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=RSSing.com}}</ref> Quadros has shared her perspectives on several issues, including the theater scene in [[Goa]]. She observed that many youths demonstrated a keen interest in participating in ''[[tiatr]]s'', a culturally significant form of theatrical expression native to Goa. She advised for these budding actors to actively engage with the diverse training opportunities and resources at their disposal to enhance their skills and proficiency in this traditional art form.<ref name=":0" />

According to Quadros, [[workshop]]s focused on skills such as [[acting technique]], [[Costume design|costume]] and make-up design, [[vocal training]], stage presence, and delivery of dialogue can be beneficial for those interested in pursuing ''tiatr'' performance. She has noted that access to such specialized training was more limited during her own early career in the performing arts.<ref name=":0" />

As of 2012, Quadros resides in the neighborhood of Dongor Waddo in the suburb of [[Fatorda, Goa]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=45_WlAEACAAJ |title=Directory of Tiatr Artistes, 2012 |date=2012 |publisher=Tiatr Academy of Goa |pages=21 |language=en}}</ref> As of February 2023, she is based in [[London, UK]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiatr fraternity comes together in UK |url=https://www.thegoan.net/global-goenkar/tiatr-fraternity-comes-together-in-uk/95087.html |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en}}</ref>

Throughout her career, Quadros has taken on lead roles in ''tiatr'' productions that have made an impact on audiences. One such example is her starring role in the ''tiatr Rodonaka'' (Don't Cry), directed by [[Prince Jacob]]. In the context of this production, her portrayal of a character linked to a [[non-governmental organization]] resonated with the audience, resulting in individuals reaching out to her directly to confide in her about their own dilemmas and anxieties.<ref name=":0" /> Her work as a ''[[tiatrist]]'' has taken her on extensive travels, both within India and internationally. Over the years, she has performed ''tiatr'' in a number of countries outside of India, including [[Bahrain]], [[Muscat]], Dubai, Kuwait, Qatar, and London.<ref name=":1" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Quadros, Annie}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:Musicians from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Actors from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Konkani-language singers]]

Vithalrao Devidasrao Deshpande

2026-02-19T05:48:02Z

Joy sagar Murmu: started some biography with sources

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''Vithalrao Devidasrao Deshpande''' was a leader of [[ Communist Party of India]]. He was a member of [[Bombay Legislative Assembly]] and served as [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|leader of opposition]] from 1959 to 1960.<ref> https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4108-bombay-1957/ {{bare inl|date=August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://mls.org.in/pdf2020/list/Leader%20of%20opposition%20Assembly%20list.pdf |title=Legislative Assembly Leaders of the Opposition |language=mr |access-date=7 May 2021 |archive-date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509061803/http://mls.org.in/pdf2020/list/Leader%20of%20opposition%20Assembly%20list.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deshpande, Vithalrao Devidasrao}}
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Maharashtra]]
{{Maharashtra-politician-stub}}
{{CPIndia-politician-stub}}

Zama Habib

2026-02-12T06:22:18Z

Joy sagar Murmu: started initial data first draft

{{Short description|Indian screenwriter}}
{{BLP sources|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Zama Habib
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| yearsactive = 1994–present
| occupation = [[Television director|Director]], [[Screenwriter]], [[Television producer|Producer]]
| spouse = Ishrat Ara
| children = Aamna Habib (Daughter), Saarim Habib (Son)
}}


'''Zama Habib''' (born as Mohammed Badiuzzaman), also known as '''Zaman Habib''', is a Mumbai-based Indian television writer and lyricist. He has written serials such as ''[[Sasural Genda Phool]]'',<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/who-wants-to-be-a-tv-producer-/98598 | title=Who wants to be a TV producer? | publisher=Mid Day | date=17 October 2010 | access-date=9 August 2014}}</ref> '', ''[[Nimki Mukhiya]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/meet-the-showrunners-nimki-mukhiya-producer-zama-habib-5961083/|title = Nimki Mukhiya producer Zama Habib: Wanted to address socio-political issues in an entertaining and engaging way|date = 3 September 2019}}</ref> ''[[Nimki Vidhayak]]'', ''[[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]]'', ''[[Sapna Babul Ka...Bidaai]]'',<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/23062_Bidaai:-STAR-Plus-winning-card | title=Bidaai: STAR Plus' winning card | publisher=Afaqs! | date=12 January 2009 | access-date=9 August 2014}}</ref> [[Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai]]'',<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/behind-the-lens/without-input-of-personal-elements-you-cannot-connect-audience-zama-habib | title=Without input of personal elements, you cannot connect with audience: Zama Habib | publisher=Telly Chakkar | date=7 May 2013 | access-date=29 July 2014}}</ref> & ''[[Saas Bina Sasural]]''. Currently he is writing ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''. He is the script consultant of [[Anupamaa]].

==Early life and background==
Zama Habib hails from Ijra Madhubani District, Bihar but he spent his childhood in [[Kolkata]] (then Calcutta) West Bengal. He did his schooling from the Presidency Muslim High School, Calcutta and after completing his intermediate from Maulana Azad College, Calcutta he came to [[Aligarh Muslim University]] to pursue his higher education. He did his BA (Hons) and MA in English literature from [[Aligarh Muslim University]].

He was involved in theater in his college days and wrote, acted and directed several plays. His first play ''Batwara'' (based on [[Saadat Hasan Manto]]'s famous short story "[[Toba Tek Singh (short story)|Toba Tek Singh]]") was staged in 1988 in Kala Mandir, Calcutta. Other notable plays he wrote are ''Janta Express'' and ''Chaddi Pahan Ke Phool Khila Hai''. He has also translated plays by [[Anton Chekhov]] and other writers. His collection of translated plays in Urdu called ''Aadhi Raat Ka Suraj'' was published in 1992. He is a well known young poet of [[Urdu Literature]] and his poetry appears in leading Urdu literary magazines.

==Career==
In 1993, he left his research halfway and came to [[Delhi]]. Soon he became a radio artist and wrote and acted in many radio plays and serials. He anchored/presented few popular programs (''Zero Hour'', ''Adaab Arz Hai'' and ''Only For Broken Hearts'') on AIR FM as radio jockey as well.
And then after spending few years in Delhi he came to Mumbai where initially he got lot of encouragement and appreciation from actor, director [[Sachin (actor)|Sachin Pilgaonkar]]. He has written more than 5,000 episodes of Hindi and Bengali serials.

Along with writing serials he has also co-produced with Ravi Ojha serials like ''[[Sasural Genda Phool]]'' and ''[[Sajda Tere Pyaar Mein]]''. In 2016, he founded his own company Qissago Telefilms LLP and produced two shows [[Nimki Mukhiya]] For Star Bharat and [[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]] For Sony Entertainment. [[Nimki Mukhiya]] has second season as [[Nimki Vidhayak]] which was launched on 12 August 2019.

He has also produced, written, directed a short film, ''The Family'' that has been selected for many film festivals.

Between 2014 and 2018, Zama Habib has also served as Joint Secretary and later as Hony General Secretary of [[Screenwriters Association]] (SWA). After a gap of two years, he once again has been elected as honorary General Secretary of Screenwriters Association (SWA) for 2021–2023.

==Lyrics==
He has also penned lyrics/title songs for the serials like ''Maamla Gadbad Hai'', ''Zindagi Milke Bitaayenge'', ''[[Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai]]'', ''[[Sajda Tere Pyaar Mein]]'', ''[[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tellysamachar.com/2020/04/ishaaron-ishaaron-mein-title-song.html?m=0|title= Ishaaron Ishaaron Meiin's title song- Penned down by producer Zama Habib}}</ref> and more. Recently, he has penned the Title Song of his latest project, ''[[Zindagi Mere Ghar Aana]]''.

==Qissago Telefilms==
In 2016, Zama Habib opened his own [[production house]] called Qissago Telefilms LLP with his wife and partner, Ishrat Ara and produced shows, [[Nimki Mukhiya]], [[Nimki Vidhayak]], [[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]] and [[Zindagi Mere Ghar Aana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/sequel-of-nimki-mukhiya-set-for-august-launch-on-star-bharat/|title=Zama Habib's 'Qissago Telefilms' to produce Nimki Vidhayak|date=30 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/television/video/meet-the-entire-cast-of-isharon-isharon-mein-1568302-2019-07-13|title=Meet the entire cast of Qissago Telefilms' next titled Ishaaron Ishaaron Meiin}}</ref>

===Shows by Qissago Telefilms===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Release
! Show
! Episodes
! Cast
! Channel
|-
|28 August 2017 - 10 August 2019
| [[Nimki Mukhiya]]
| 598
| [[Bhumika Gurung]] [[Abhishek Sharma (actor)|Abhishek Sharma]]
|[[Star Bharat]] [[Hotstar]]
|-
|12 August 2019 - 1 February 2020
| [[Nimki Vidhayak]]
| 152
| [[Bhumika Gurung]] [[Abhishek Sharma (actor)|Abhishek Sharma]]
|[[Star Bharat]] [[Hotstar]]
|-
|15 July 2019 - 31 March 2020
| [[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]]
| 187
| [[Mudit Nayar]] [[Simran Pareenja]] [[Debattama Saha]]
|[[Sony Entertainment Television]] [[SonyLIV]]
|-
| 26 July 2021 – 1 January 2022
| [[Zindagi Mere Ghar Aana]]
| 138
| [[Esha Kansara]] [[Hasan Zaidi]]
| [[StarPlus]] [[Hotstar]]
|-
|}

==Awards==

He has won several awards for his shows [[Sasural Genda Phool]], [[Nimki Mukhiya]], [[Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai]]. He won Best Lyrics Awards for his song "Ek Chup Tum Ek Chup Main" ([[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]]) at the first ever SWA Awards 2020. Recently he won his second SWA Awards (2022) for Best Lyrics for the Title song of "Zindagi Mere Ghar Aana" (Achar Ka Dabba Zindagi)

==Television==

===As writer===
* ''[[Baatein Kuch Ankahee Si]]'' (2023) (Script Consultant)
* ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' (2016–present)
* ''[[Anupamaa]]'' (2020–present) (Script Consultant)
* ''[[Woh Toh Hai Albelaa]]'' (2022-2023) (Script Consultant)
* ''[[Zindagi Mere Ghar Aana]]'' (2021-2022)
* ''[[Nimki Vidhayak]]'' (2019-2020)
* ''[[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]]'' (2019-2020)
* ''[[Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke]]'' (2019-2020) (Script Consultant)
* ''[[Nimki Mukhiya]]'' (2017-2019)
* ''[[Ek Rishta Saajhedari Ka]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Dil Ki Baatein Dil Hi Jaane]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Dilli Wali Thakur Gurls]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Gangaa]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Muh Boli Shaadi]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Tum Saath Ho Jab Apne]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Ek Nanad Ki Khushiyon Ki Chaabi...Meri Bhabhi]]'' (2013-2014)
* ''[[Do Dil Bandhe Ek Dori Se]]'' (2013–14)
* ''[[Kaisa Yeh Ishq Hai... Ajab Sa Risk Hai]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Pyaar Ka Dard Hai Meetha Meetha Pyaara Pyaara]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Saas Bina Sasural]]'' (2010–12)
* ''[[Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Sasural Genda Phool]]'' (2010-2012)
* ''[[Sapna Babul Ka...Bidaai]]'' (2007 - 2010)
* ''[[Do Hanson Ka Jodaa]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Badalte Rishton Ki Dastaan]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Jamuna Paar]]''
* ''[[Lo Ho Gayi Pooja Iss Ghar Ki]]''
* ''[[Pyaar Ke Do Naam: Ek Raadha, Ek Shyaam]]''
* ''Ek Tukda Chaand Ka''
* ''[[Ek Ladki Anjaani Si]]''
* ''[[Jeevan Saathi]]''
* ''[[Maat Pitaah Ke Charnon Mein Swarg]]''
* ''[[Phir Bhi]]''
* ''Woh Hue Na Hamaare''
* ''Maamla Gadbad Hai''
* ''Zindagi Milke Bitaayenge'' Directed by [[Raj N. Sippy]]
* ''Jaal'' (Telefilm), Directed by [[Raj N. Sippy]]
* ''Gilli Danda'' Directed by [[Sachin Pilgaonkar]]
* ''Ajeeb Daastan''
* ''Har Mod Par''
* ''Ek Do Teen'' Directed by [[Sachin Pilgaonkar]]
* ''Khela'' (Bengali)
* ''Neer Bhanga Jhor'' (Bengali)
* ''Ogo Bodhu Sundari'' (Bengali)

===Productions===
* ''[[Zindagi Mere Ghar Aana]]'' (2021)
* ''[[Nimki Vidhayak]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Nimki Mukhiya]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Sasural Genda Phool]]'' (2010-2012)
* ''[[Sajda Tere Pyaar Mein]]'' (2012)
* ''[[The Family (2013 short film)|The Family]]'' (Short Film) (2013)
* ''[[Dear Men]]'' (2025 Short Film)

===Director===

* ''[[The Family (2013 short film)|The Family]]'' (Short Film) (2013)

==References==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|5203198}}
* {{Twitter}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Habib, Zama}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian television writers]]
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian television producers]]

M. H. Krishna

2026-02-08T11:55:52Z

Joy sagar Murmu: creating new article

{{Short description|Indian historian and archaeologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox academic
| image = File:Portrait photograph of M. H. Krishna.jpg
| alt = M. H. Krishna (Mysore Hatti Krishna Iyengar)
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1892|8|19|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mysore]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1947|12|23|1892|8|19|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Mysore]]
| discipline = History, Archaeology, [[Indology]], Numismatics, Epigraphy
| workplaces = [[University of Mysore]]
| alma_mater = Maharaja College, [[Mysore]]
| academic_advisors = [[Radha Kumud Mukherjee]], [[Brajendranath Seal]], [[Flinders Petrie]], Ernest Arthur Gardner
| notable_students = [[S. Srikanta Sastri]], [[G. Venkatasubbiah]], [[M. Chidananda Murthy]], [[Chaduranga]], [[Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar]]
| known_for = [[Epigraphia Carnatica]], [[Halmidi Inscription]], Isila city discovery, Discovery of [[Shivaji]]'s father's tomb
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| awards =
| spouse = Rajamma, Jayamma
| signature =
| website = [https://www.srikanta-sastri.org/mhkrishna M. H. Krishna]
}}

'''Mysore Hatti Krishna Iyengar''' ('''M. H. Krishna''': 19 August 1892 – 23 December 1947)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Dr. M. H. Krishna|last=Nagarajan|first=K. G.|publisher=Kannada Sahitya Parishat|year=2009|pages=1–4}}</ref> was an Indian historian, [[Archaeology|archaeologist]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiancommunities.org/2018/08/07/history-of-archaeology-6/|title=History of Archaeology - 6 {{!}} AIDCSC|website=www.indiancommunities.org|date=7 August 2018 |language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-23}}</ref> [[Epigraphy|epigraphist]] and authority in Indian [[numismatics]]. He pioneered the new field of [[Indology]] involving the study of Indian culture, history, music and traditions from a historical perspective. He is credited with the discovery of one of the oldest [[Kannada inscriptions]], the [[Halmidi inscription]], dating back to 350 A. D.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.shastriyakannada.org/DataBase/KannwordHTMLS/CLASSICAL%20KANNADA%20SCHOLARS%20HTML/KRISHNA%20M.H.%20HTML.htm|title=KRISHNA M|website=shastriyakannada.org|access-date=2018-08-23|archive-date=23 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823105949/http://www.shastriyakannada.org/DataBase/KannwordHTMLS/CLASSICAL%20KANNADA%20SCHOLARS%20HTML/KRISHNA%20M.H.%20HTML.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> He also discovered the remains of the city of Isila near Brahmagiri during his excavations at Chandravalli, Chitradurga. The forgotten tomb of Shahaji ([[Shivaji]]'s father) was traced by M. H. Krishna during his years at the Mysore Archaeological Department. His years at the Archaeology Department saw him churn out many of excavation reports (close to 2000 inscriptions discovered) and these were later published in successive volumes of ''[[Epigraphia Carnatica]]''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/epigraphiacarna00survgoog|title=Epigraphia carnatica|last1=Mysore (India : State). Archaeological Dept|last2=Rice|first2=B. Lewis (Benjamin Lewis)|last3=Narasimhachar|first3=R. (Ramanujapuram)|last4=Krishna|first4=Mysore Hatti|date=1886|publisher=Bangalore, Mysore Govt. Central Press|others=Harvard University}}</ref> During Krishna's tenure at Bangalore, he was instrumental in cataloguing close to 6000 coins in the archives of the archaeology department there. He was trained at the University College, London under [[Ernest Arthur Gardner]]. and would later accompany [[Flinders Petrie|Sir Flinders Petrie]] in his excavations in [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.srikanta-sastri.org/m-h-krishna/4594405454|title=Brief Biographical Sketch of M. H. Krishna|last=Sastri|first=Dr S. Srikanta|date=22 August 2018|website=srikanta-sastri.org|access-date=23 August 2018|archive-date=23 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823110202/http://www.srikanta-sastri.org/m-h-krishna/4594405454|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Early years ==
Krishna was born in Mysore to parents Ranga Iyengar and Lakshmamma. Ranga Iyengar was a [[Sanskrit]] scholar and a teacher to [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV|Nalwadi Krishna Raja Wodeyar]] during the Maharaja's childhood. He was also chief treasurer of the [[Mysore Palace]]. They were natives of a region in Karnataka by name Kalale ([[Kannada]]: ಕಳಲೆ).

Krishna had his schooling at Jayacharya Patashala and Wesleyan Mission High School, Mysore. Here, he was a contemporary of [[Masti Venkatesha Iyengar]]. He finished his B. A. in 1911 from Maharaja College, Mysore. By 1917, Krishna secured a M. A. qualification from Madras University. For the next two years, he worked as lecturer in history at the Maharaja College, Mysore. In 1919, Krishna was made a member of the [[Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|Royal Asiatic Society, London]]. The then Vice Chancellor of University of Mysore [[Brajendra Nath Seal|Brajendranath Seal]] and Head of the Department of History, [[Maharaja's College, Mysore|Maharaja College]] - [[Radha Kumud Mukherjee]] were impressed with M. H. Krishna's aptitude in Numismatics and Epigraphy and deputed him to Bangalore, Archaeology Office for the cataloguing of close to 6000 coins in their archives there (1920 -1922).

By 1924, Krishna was sponsored for higher studies to [[University College, London|University College]], London. Here, he was guided in his research by |Ernest Arthur Gardiner. Apart from Gardiner, he was under the tutelage of [[Lionel Barnett|L. D. Barnett]], Sir Flinders Petrie, Eliot Smith, Seligman, [[W. J. Perry]] and [[Edvard Westermarck]]. Krishna accompanied Flinders Petrie on his Egyptian excavations. He made use of his time in Europe to visit and study collections of South Indian interest at the [[British Museum]], the [[Ashmolean Museum]], Oxford, the Fitzwilliam Collection, Cambridge, the National Museum, Paris and the [[Bode Museum|Kaiser Friedrich Museum]], Berlin. He submitted his theses ''Deccan Numismatics'' for publication to the Royal Institute at this time. Krishna was invited to deliver a series of public lectures on ''Indian History and Archaeology''. He delivered about seven lectures in 1926. He was eventually made Fellow of Royal Numismatics Society and Royal Anthropological Institute, London.

== University of Mysore and Archaeology Department ==
[[File:Maharaja's College Group Photo 1.jpg|left|thumb|M. H. Krishna, S. Srikanta Sastri, Rallapalli Anantha Krishna Sharma]]
Upon his return to India, Krishna assumed charge in the history department of Maharaja College, Mysore. This was in addition to his duties at the Archaeology Department. During this time, he was president of the "University Historical Association". Krishna emphasized on the study of Karnataka history and cultural history of Karnataka. He became head of the department in 1932. In 1933, he became a member of the University Senate Academic Council. He was made dean of the faculty of arts at University of Mysore in 1939. Krishna was examiner at University of Mysore, University of Allahabad and University of Bombay in addition to being a visiting interviewer for the Civil Services Exam.

His students include [[S. Srikanta Sastri]], [[Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar|Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar]], [[Dinakara Desai]], M. Seshadri, N. Anantharangachar, [[M. N. Srinivas]], [[Shikaripura Ranganatha Rao|S. R. Rao]], [[B. Sheikh Ali]], A. V. Venkatarathnam, C. M. Vedavalli, M. P. L. Sastry, E. R. Sethuram, [[Javare Gowda|D. Javaregowda]], [[G. Venkatasubbiah]], S. V. Parameshwara Bhatta and [[Chaduranga]].

[[File:Halmidi OldKannada inscription.JPG|thumb|Halmidi Inscription (A. D. 350) - Discovered by Krishna]]The Mysore Government Archaeological Department, since its inception in 1885, was instrumental in discoveries of hundreds of inscriptions and copper plates. Benjamin Lewis Rice was the first director and was responsible for discovering and cataloguing close to 9000 Inscriptions. His successor R. Narasimhacharya discovered about 5000 inscriptions and thereafter [[R. Shamasastry]] brought in 1000 inscriptions. M. H. Krishna added to this collection by discovering another 2000 inscriptions. Some of the inscriptions discovered by M. H. Krishna are:
* ''Mayura Verma's Chandravalli Inscription.''
* ''Rashtrakuta – Pandurangapalli’ Inscription.''
* ''Gangarasa II Madhavana Keregelur Shashana''
* ''Vijayanagara Narasimha Copper Plates''
* ''Kadamba Ravivarma Koramangala Plates''
* ''Oldest Kannada Inscription – Halmidi (A. D. 450)''
* ''Nandana Hosuru Copper Inscriptions.''

Krishna was involved in discovering, what was then the oldest Kannada Inscription - Halmidi Inscription (A. D. 350). He also undertook excavations at Chandravalli in Chitradurga district. He discovered the remains of the lost city of Isila near Brahmagiri. In fact, Krishna was the first in India to use the science of 'Stratigraphy' for archaeology. He identified five different cultural strata called ‘Microlithic’, Neolithic, Iron Age, Mauryan and Chalukya-Hoysala strata. He designated the first one (the Microlithic) as the ‘Roppa Culture’ because it was found in the vicinity of that village. He also discovered the forgotten burial site of Shahaji Rao (Shivaji's Father).

== Personal life ==
Krishna married Rajamma in early 1924. She died during childbirth. Krishna married Jayamma in 1933 and had five children. He was a devotee of the Ramakrishna Mission. He was among the few, apart from the Irish poet James Cousins to suggest to [[Kuvempu|K. V. Puttappa]] that he should author poems, not in English as he had initially attempted, but instead to do so in his native tongue - [[Kannada]].{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Krishna suffered from elevated blood pressure and [[diabetes]] for nearly a decade and a half. He died on 23 December 1947.

== Contributions ==
Krishna's tenure at the Archaeological Department saw him file numerous Annual Reports, chronicle annual excavation findings in the ''Epigraphia Carnatica'' and publish his findings in many books. He authored about 15 books, 100 articles in various journals and many monographs.

=== Works ===
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Hindu Charithrasara''
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Ajanta Mathu Ellora''
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Kannada Nadina Charithre – Kalegalu''
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Karnatakada Poorva Charithre’''<ref>{{Cite book|title=ಕರ್ಣಾಟಕದ ಪೂರ್ವಚರಿತ್ರೆ|last=Krishna|first=Mysore Hatti|date=1953|oclc = 49876626}}</ref>
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Tippu Sultan'' (Drama – Unpublished)
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Guide to Mysore State''<ref>{{Cite book|title=A Guide to the Mysore State|last=Krishna|first=M. H.|date=1935|oclc = 66150754}}</ref>
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Great Personages in History''
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Guide to Belur''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=oxfaleph011777017&context=L&vid=SOLO&search_scope=LSCOP_OX&tab=local&lang=en_US|title=Guide to Belur|last=Krishna|first=M. H.|year=1943|website=Solo Bodleian Oxford|access-date=24 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=A guide to Belur|last1=Krishna|first1=Mysore Hatti|last2=Mysore (India : State)|date=1943|publisher=Printed by Asst. Supt., Govt. Branch Press|location=Mysore|language=en|oclc = 995456}}</ref>
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Guide to Halebidu''
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Guide to Talkad''<ref>{{Cite book|title=A guide to Talkad|last=Krishna|first=Mysore Hatti|date=1938|publisher=The Govt. Press|location=Bangalore|language=en|oclc = 28801928}}</ref>
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Guide to Shravanabelagola''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://idiscover.lib.cam.ac.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=44CAM_ALMA21449983290003606&context=L&vid=44CAM_PROD&search_scope=SCOP_CAM_ALL&tab=cam_lib_coll&lang=en_US|title=A Guide to Sravana Belagola|last=Krishna|first=M. H.|year=1940|website=iDiscover - Cambridge University Library|access-date=24 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cb5HAAAAMAAJ|title=A guide to Sravana-Belgola|last1=Krishna|first1=Mysore Hatti|last2=Mysore (India : State)|last3=Archaeological Department|date=1957|publisher=Printed by the Senior Asst. Director, Govt. Branch Press|location=Mysore|language=en}}</ref>
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Guide to Srirangapatna''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://idiscover.lib.cam.ac.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=44CAM_ALMA21456273100003606&context=L&vid=44CAM_PROD&search_scope=SCOP_CAM_ALL&tab=cam_lib_coll&lang=en_US|title=A Guide to Seringapatam|last=Krishna|first=M. H.|year=1947|website=iDiscover - Cambridge University Library|access-date=24 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=A Guide to Seringapatam|last=Krishna|first=M. H.|date=1937|oclc = 500188757}}</ref>
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Guide to Nandi''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=oxfaleph011777016&context=L&vid=SOLO&search_scope=LSCOP_OX&tab=local&lang=en_US|title=Guide to Nandi|last=Krishna|first=M. H.|year=1940|website=Solo Bodleian Library - Oxford|access-date=24 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=A guide to Nandi|last=Krishna|first=Mysore Hatti|date=1940|publisher=Printed by the Superintendent at the Govt. Press|location=Bangalore|language=en|oclc = 125176}}</ref>
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Evolution of Kannada Alphabet – A Chart''
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Map of Karnataka''
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Excavation at Chandravalli – Part I''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://idiscover.lib.cam.ac.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=44CAM_ALMA21453953010003606&context=L&vid=44CAM_PROD&search_scope=SCOP_CAM_ALL&tab=cam_lib_coll&lang=en_US|title=Archaeological Survey at Mysore; Excavation at Chandravalli; Introduction and Trial Excavations|last=Krishna|first=M. H.|year=1931|website=iDiscover - Cambridge University Library|access-date=24 August 2018}}</ref>
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Proceedings of the Eighth All India Oriental Conference''
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Index to Annual Reports of Mysore Archaeological Survey 1906 – 1908''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://idiscover.lib.cam.ac.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=44CAM_ALMA21491111730003606&context=L&vid=44CAM_PROD&search_scope=SCOP_CAM_ALL&tab=cam_lib_coll&lang=en_US|title=Index to the Annual Reports of the Mysore Archaeological department for the Years 1906-1922|last=Krishna|first=M. H.|year=1929|website=iDiscover - Cambridge University Library|access-date=24 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Index to the annual reports of the Mysore archaeological department for the years 1906-1922|last1=Krishna|first1=Mysore Hatti|last2=Mysore (India : State)|last3=Archaeological Department|date=1929|publisher=Printed at the Government Press|location=Bangalore|language=en|oclc = 16572720}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=oxfaleph011935021&context=L&vid=SOLO&search_scope=LSCOP_OX&tab=local&lang=en_US|title=Index to the annual reports of the Mysore Archaeological Department for the years 1906-1922|last=Krishna|first=M. H.|year=1929|website=Solo Bodleian Oxford|access-date=24 August 2018}}</ref>
* Krishna, M. H.: ''General Index to Epigraphia Carnatica Part I''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Epigraphia Carnatica|last1=Rice|first1=Benjamin Lewis|last2=Ramanujapuram Narasimhacharya|last3=Nīlakaṇṭha Śāstrī|first3=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah|last4=Krishna|first4=Mysore Hatti|last5=Seshadri|first5=M|date=1903|location=Madras etc.|oclc = 65583079}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Epigraphica carnatica Vol. 13, Vol. 13|last1=Rice|first1=B. Lewis|last2=Krishna|first2=M.H|date=1934|publisher=Superintendent Government Press|location=Bangalore|language=en|oclc = 769927390}}</ref>
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Epigraphia Carnatica – Vol XIV – Supplementary Inscriptions in Mysore and Mandya districts''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Epigraphia Carnatica. 14, 14|last=Krishna|first=Mysore Hatti|date=1943|location=Bangalore|language=kn|oclc = 312001188}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Epigraphia Carnatica – Vol XV – Supplementary Inscriptions in Hassan District''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Epigraphia carnatica.|last1=Mysore (India : State)|last2=Archaeological Department|last3=Rice|first3=B. Lewis|last4=Narasimhacharya|first4=Ramanujapuram|last5=Krishna|first5=Mysore Hatti|date=1943|publisher=Mysore Govt. Central Press|location=Bangalore|language=la|oclc = 15693850}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Epigraphia Carnatica. 15, 15|last=Krishna|first=Mysore Hatti|date=1943|location=Bangalore|language=kn|oclc = 985136340}}</ref>
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Mysore Archaeological Survey Annual Reports'' (1929 – 1945)
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Hoysala Architecture'' (Unpublished)
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Excavation at Chandravalli – Part III Conclusions'' (Unpublished)
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Political & Cultural History of India'' (Unpublished)
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Cultural History of India'' (Unpublished)
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Sindhu Teerada Puratana Samskruthi''
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Mallikarjuna mata mathu Kala''
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Vichaara''
* Krishna, M. H.: ''Athyantha Prachina Kannada Shashana''

==References==
{{Reflist}}



==External links==
* [http://www.srikanta-sastri.org/m-h-krishna/4594405454 M. H. Krishna | Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823110202/http://www.srikanta-sastri.org/m-h-krishna/4594405454 |date=23 August 2018 }}
* [http://www.shastriyakannada.org/DataBase/KannwordHTMLS/CLASSICAL%20KANNADA%20SCHOLARS%20HTML/KRISHNA%20M.H.%20HTML.htm M. H. Krishna | Brief Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823105949/http://www.shastriyakannada.org/DataBase/KannwordHTMLS/CLASSICAL%20KANNADA%20SCHOLARS%20HTML/KRISHNA%20M.H.%20HTML.htm |date=23 August 2018 }}

{{Topics_related_to_Culture_of_Mysore|left}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1947 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian archaeologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Mysore]]
[[Category:Historians of India]]
[[Category:Indian epigraphers]]
[[Category:Indian Indologists]]
[[Category:Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Indian social sciences writers]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]
[[Category:Maharaja's College, Mysore alumni]]
[[Category:People from Mysore district]]
[[Category:People from Mysore]]
[[Category:Writers from Karnataka]]

List of birds of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands

2026-02-07T15:16:22Z

Joy sagar Murmu: creating post

{{Short description|none}}

This article lists the species of bird found in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]. 410 species of birds have been sighted on the islands, out of which 28 are endemic to the islands. The state bird of the Andaman and the Nicobar Islands is the [[Andaman wood pigeon]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Symbols of India |url=https://wiienvis.nic.in/KidsCentre/state_symbols_india_8411.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304035913/https://wiienvis.nic.in/KidsCentre/state_symbols_india_8411.aspx |archive-date=2025-03-04 |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=wiienvis.nic.in}}</ref> This list's [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomic]] treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of the [[International Ornithologists' Union|IOC]] World Bird List, version 11.2. This list also uses British English throughout. Any bird names or other wording follows that convention.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Andaman and Nicobar bird checklist - Avibase - Bird Checklists of the World |url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?lang=EN&p2=1&list=ioc&synlang=&region=INan&version=text&lifelist=&highlight=0 |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-10 |title=Bird List - Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India - eBird |url=https://ebird.org/region/IN-AN/bird-list |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=ebird.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IOC World Bird List – Version 14.2 |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/ |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=www.worldbirdnames.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Prince |first=Mike |date=2020-05-30 |title=Checklist of the Birds of Andaman and Nicobar Islands |url=https://bubobirding.com/checklist-of-the-birds-of-the-andaman-and-nicobar-islands/ |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=Bubo Birding |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Observations |url=https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?nelat=13.6770589&nelng=94.26739839999999&quality_grade=research&swlat=6.7527826&swlng=92.1958925&taxon_id=3&verifiable=any |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=iNaturalist |language=en}}</ref>

There are two birdlife zones in the [[union territory]], as defined by [[BirdLife International|Birdlife International]] -

* [[Andaman Islands]]
* [[Nicobar Islands]]

The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. The commonly occurring native species do not fit within any of these categories.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Grimmett |first1=Richard |title=Birds of the Indian subcontinent |last2=Inskipp |first2=Carol |last3=Inskipp |first3=Tim |date=1998 |publisher=C. Helm, A & C Black |isbn=978-0-7136-4004-5 |series=Helm identification guides |location=London}}</ref>

* (A) [[Vagrancy (biology)|Accidental]] - also known as a rarity, it refers to a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] - typically less than ten confirmed records
* (I) [[Introduced species|Introduced]] - a species introduced to the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions.
* (E) [[Endemism|Endemic]] - a species which is endemic to the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]].

== Undescribed species ==
In 2012, Rajeshkumar, Rasmussen and Ragunathan described a possibly new species of ''[[Rallina]]'' crake which they called the Great Nicobar crake.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kumar |first=S. Rajesh |title=An apparently new species of Rallina crake from Great Nicobar Island, India, BirdingASIA 17: 44-46 |url=https://www.academia.edu/7836035 |journal=Birding Asia}}</ref> The bird had an entire pale green bill, and orange-red legs, which differed from any known species of bird. However, in 2021, [[Slaty-legged crake|Slaty-legged crakes]] and [[Red-legged crake|Red-legged crakes]] were found in the Nicobar Islands. This made it possible that the bird was a hybrid. However, neither of the two crakes shared any of the unique features of the Great Nicobar crake.

== Endemic species ==
{{further|List of endemic birds of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands}}
[[File:Andaman drongo, Andaman islands 3.jpg|thumb|[[Andaman drongo]]]]
[[File:Ixos nicobariensis Nicobar Bulbul.png|thumb|[[Nicobar bulbul]]]]
[[File:White-headed starling (Sturnia erythropygia) May 2013 Neil Island Andaman.jpg|thumb|[[White-headed starling]]]]
The following is a list of species endemic to the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] by region:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Avifauna of Andaman and Nicobar Islands: A review |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377183104 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110043728/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377183104_Avifauna_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands_A_review |archive-date=2024-11-10 |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=ResearchGate |language=en}}</ref>

=== Species endemic to the Andaman Islands ===

* [[Andaman serpent-eagle]], ''Spilornis elgini''
* [[Andaman crake]], ''Rallina canningi''
* [[Andaman scops owl]], ''Otus balli''
* [[Hume's boobook]], ''Ninox obscura''
* [[Andaman barn-owl]], ''Tyto deroepstorffi''
* [[Andaman nightjar]], ''Caprimulgus andamanicus''
* [[Narcondam hornbill]], ''Rhyticeros narcondami''
* [[Andaman woodpecker]], ''Dryocopus hodgei''
* [[Andaman drongo]], ''Dicrurus andamanensis''
* [[Andaman treepie]], ''Dendrocitta bayleyii''
* [[Andaman shama]], ''Copsychus albiventris''
* [[Andaman bulbul]], ''Pycnonotus fuscoflavescens''
* [[Andaman cuckooshrike]], ''Coracina dobsoni''
* [[Andaman flowerpecker]], ''Dicaeum virescens''

=== Species endemic to the Nicobar Islands ===

* [[Nicobar imperial pigeon|Nicobar imperial-pigeon]], ''Ducula nicobarica''
* [[South Nicobar serpent eagle]], ''Spilornis klossi''
* [[Nicobar sparrowhawk]], ''Accipiter butleri''
* [[Nicobar parakeet]], ''Psittacula caniceps''
* [[Nicobar bulbul]], ''Ixos nicobariensis''
* [[Nicobar jungle flycatcher]], ''Cyornis nicobaricus''
* [[Nicobar scops owl|Nicobar scops-owl]], ''Otus alius''
* [[Nicobar megapode]], ''Megapodius nicobariensis'' (possibly extirpated over Andaman range)

=== Species endemic to the two island groups ===

* [[Andaman woodpigeon]], ''Columba palumboides''
* [[Andaman green pigeon]], ''Treron chloropterus''
* [[Andaman cuckoo-dove]], ''Macropygia rufipennis''
* [[Andaman boobook]], ''Ninox affinis''
* [[White-headed starling]], ''Sturnia erythropygia''

== Ducks, geese and swans ==
Order: [[Anseriformes]] Family: [[Anatidae]]
[[File:Ruddy Shelduck Chandratal Spiti Himachal Jun18 D72 7911.jpg|thumb|[[Ruddy shelduck]]]]
[[File:Andaman teal, Andaman islands 1.jpg|thumb|[[Andaman teal]]]]
Anatidae includes the [[Duck|ducks]] and most duck-like waterfowl, such as [[Goose|geese]] and [[Swan|swans]]. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. There are 15 species which have been recorded on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Lesser whistling duck]]
|''Dendrocygna javanica''
|
|-
|[[Knob-billed duck]]
|''Sarkidiornis melanotos''
|(I)
|-
|[[Ruddy shelduck]]
|''Tadorna ferruginea''
|(A)
|-
|[[Mandarin duck]]
|''Aix galericulata''
|(A)
|-
|[[Cotton pygmy goose]]
|''Nettapus coromandelianus''
|
|-
|[[Garganey]]
|''Spatula querquedula''
|
|-
|[[Northern shoveler]]
|''Spatula clypeata''
|(A)
|-
|[[Eurasian wigeon]]
|''Mareca penelope''
|
|-
|[[Eastern spot-billed duck]]
|''Anas zonorhyncha''
|(A)
|-
|[[Northern pintail]]
|''Anas acuta''
|
|-
|[[Eurasian teal]]
|''Anas crecca''
|(A)
|-
|[[Andaman teal]]
|''Anas albogularis''
|(E) Near-threatened
|-
|[[Red-crested pochard]]
|''Netta rufina''
|(A)
|-
|[[Ferruginous duck]]
|''Aythya nyroca''
|(A) Near-threatened
|-
|[[Tufted duck]]
|''Aythya fuligula''
|(A)
|}

== Megapodes ==
Order: [[Galliformes]] Family: [[Megapodiidae]]

The Megapodiidae are stocky, medium-large chicken-like birds with small heads and large feet. All but the [[malleefowl]] occupy jungle habitats and most have brown or black colouring. There is one species within India, which is endemic to the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Nicobar megapode]]
|''Megapodius nicobariensis''
|(E); vulnerable
|}

== Pheasants and allies ==
Order: [[Galliformes]] Family: [[Phasianidae]]
[[File:Excalfactoria chinensis (aka).jpg|thumb|[[King quail]]]]
The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of [[Quail|quails]], [[Partridge|partridges]], [[Snowcock|snowcocks]], [[Francolin|francolins]], spurfowl, [[Tragopan|tragopans]], [[Monal|monals]], [[Pheasant|pheasants]], [[Peafowl|peafowls]] and [[Jungle fowl|jungle fowls]]. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings. Seven species have been recorded on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Indian peafowl]]
|''Pavo cristatus''
|(I)
|-
|[[Grey francolin]]
|''Ortygornis pondicerianus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Chinese francolin]]
|''Francolinus pintadeanus''
|Extirpated
|-
|[[King quail]]
|''Synoicus chinensis''
|
|-
|[[Common quail]]
|''Coturnix coturnix''
|Extirpated
|-
|[[Jungle bush quail]]
|''Perdicula asiatica''
|Extirpated
|-
|[[Painted bush quail]]
|''Perdicula erythrorhyncha''
|Extirpated
|}

== Nightjars ==
Order: [[Caprimulgiformes]] Family: [[Caprimulgidae]]
[[File:Andaman Nightjar.jpg|thumb|[[Andaman nightjar]]]]
[[Nightjar|Nightjars]] are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves. Five species have been recorded on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Jungle nightjar]]
|''Caprimulgus indicus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Grey nightjar]]
|''Caprimulgus jotaka''
|
|-
|[[Large-tailed nightjar]]
|''Caprimulgus macrurus''
|
|-
|[[Andaman nightjar]]
|''Caprimulgus'' ''andamanicus''
|(E)
|-
|[[Savanna nightjar]]
|''Caprimulgus affinis''
|
|}

== Swifts ==
Order: [[Apodiformes]] Family: [[Apodidae]]
[[File:Apus apus -Barcelona, Spain-8 (1).jpg|thumb|[[Common swift]]]]
[[Swift (bird)|Swifts]] are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. There are 11 species which have been recorded on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Plume-toed swiftlet]]
|''Collocalia affinis''
|
|-
|[[Himalayan swiftlet]]
|''Aerodramus brevirostris''
|(A)
|-
|[[Edible-nest swiftlet]]
|''Aerodramus fuciphagus''
|
|-
|[[White-throated needletail]]
|''Hirundapus caudacutus''
|
|-
|[[Brown-backed needletail]]
|''Hirundapus giganteus''
|
|-
|[[Asian palm swift]]
|''Cypsiurus balasiensis''
|
|-
|[[Common swift]]
|''Apus apus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Pacific swift]]
|''Apus pacificus'' ssp. ''kurodae''
|(A)
|-
|[[Blyth's swift]]
|''Apus leuconyx''
|
|-
|[[Dark-rumped swift]]
|''Apus acuticauda''
|(A) Near-threatened
|-
|[[House swift]]
|''Apus nipalensis''
|
|}

== Cuckoos ==
Order: [[Cuculiformes]] Family: [[Cuculidae]]
[[File:Brown Coucal, Andaman Islands (43388080941).jpg|thumb|[[Andaman coucal]]]]
The family Cuculidae includes [[Cuckoo|cuckoos]], [[Geococcyx|roadrunners]] and [[Ani (bird)|anis]]. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. Many are [[Brood parasite|brood parasites]]. There are 19 species which have been recorded on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Lesser coucal]]
|''Centropus bengalensis''
|(A)
|-
|[[Andaman coucal]]
|''Centropus andamanensis''
|
|-
|[[Chestnut-winged cuckoo]]
|''Clamator coromandus''
|
|-
|[[Jacobin cuckoo]]
|''Clamator jacobinus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Asian koel]]
|''Eudynamys scolopaceus''
|
|-
|[[Asian emerald cuckoo]]
|''Chrysococcyx maculatus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Violet cuckoo]]
|''Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus''
|
|-
|[[Horsfield's bronze cuckoo]]
|''Chrysococcyx basalis''
|(A)
|-
|[[Banded bay cuckoo]]
|''Cacomantis sonneratii''
|(A)
|-
|[[Plaintive cuckoo]]
|''Cacomantis merulinus''
|
|-
|[[Grey-bellied cuckoo]]
|''Cacomantis passerinus''
|
|-
|[[Square-tailed drongo-cuckoo]]
|''Surniculus lugubris''
|
|-
|[[Large hawk-cuckoo]]
|''Hierococcyx sparverioides''
|
|-
|[[Common hawk-cuckoo]]
|''Hierococcyx varius''
|
|-
|[[Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo]]
|''Hierococcyx nisicolor''
|
|-
|[[Lesser cuckoo]]
|''Cuculus poliocephalus''
|
|-
|[[Indian cuckoo]]
|''Cuculus micropterus''
|
|-
|[[Himalayan cuckoo]]
|''Cuculus saturatus''
|
|-
|[[Common cuckoo]]
|''Cuculus canorus''
|
|}

== Pigeons and doves ==
Order: [[Columbiformes]] Family: [[Columbidae]]
[[File:Nicobar Pigeon(Caloenas nicobarica).jpg|thumb|[[Nicobar pigeon]]]]
[[File:Andaman wood pigeon, Andaman islands.jpg|thumb|[[Andaman wood pigeon]], the state bird]]
[[Pigeon]]s and [[dove]]s are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy [[cere]]. A total of 14 species have been recorded on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Rock dove]]
|''Columba livia''
|(I)
|-
|[[Andaman wood pigeon]]
|''Columba palumboides''
|(E) Near-threatened
|-
|[[Oriental turtle dove]]
|''Streptopelia orientalis''
|
|-
|[[Eurasian collared dove]]
|''Streptopelia decaocto''
|
|-
|[[Red collared dove]]
|''Streptopelia tranquebarica''
|
|-
|[[Spotted dove]]
|''Spilopelia chinensis''
|
|-
|[[Laughing dove]]
|''Spilopelia senegalensis''
|Extirpated
|-
|[[Andaman cuckoo-dove]]
|''Macropygia rufipennis''
|(E)
|-
|[[Common emerald dove]]
|''Chalcophaps indica''
|
|-
|[[Nicobar pigeon]]
|''Caloenas nicobarica''
|Near-threatened
|-
|[[Andaman green pigeon]]
|''Treron chloropterus''
|(E) Near-threatened
|-
|[[Green imperial pigeon]]
|''Ducula aenea''
|Near-threatened
|-
|[[Nicobar imperial pigeon]]
|''Ducula nicobarica''
|(E) Near-threatened
|-
|[[Pied imperial pigeon]]
|''Ducula bicolor''
|
|}

== Rails, crakes, and coots ==
Order: [[Gruiformes]] Family: [[Rallidae]]
[[File:Andaman crake.jpg|thumb|[[Andaman crake]]]]
[[File:Mandarin vízicsibe.jpg|thumb|[[Band-bellied crake]]]]
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the [[Rail (bird)|rails]], [[Crake|crakes]], [[Coot|coots]] and [[Rallidae|gallinules]]. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe, though some are bold and conspicuous. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Corn crake]]
|''Crex crex''
|(A)
|-
|[[Slaty-breasted rail]]
|''Lewinia striata''
|
|-
|[[Common moorhen]]
|''Gallinula chloropus''
|
|-
|[[Eurasian coot]]
|''Fulica atra''
|
|-
|[[Grey-headed swamphen]]
|''Porphyrio poliocephalus''
|
|-
|[[Ruddy-breasted crake]]
|''Zapornia fusca''
|
|-
|[[Band-bellied crake]]
|''Zapornia paykullii''
|(A) Near-threatened
|-
|[[Baillon's crake]]
|''Zapornia pusilla''
|
|-
|[[Slaty-legged crake]]
|''Rallina eurizonoides''
|(A)
|-
|[[Andaman crake]]
|''Rallina canningi''
|(E)
|-
|[[Red-legged crake]]
|''Rallina fasciata''
|(A)
|-
|[[White-browed crake]]
|''Poliolimnas cinereus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Watercock]]
|''Gallicrex cinerea''
|
|-
|[[White-breasted waterhen]]
|''Amaurornis phoenicurus''
|
|}

== Grebes ==
Order: [[Podicipediformes]] Family: [[Podicipedidae]]
[[File:Grèbe castagneux Lac de Tunis.jpg|thumb|[[Little grebe]]]]
[[Grebe|Grebes]] are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. One species, the [[little grebe]] is found on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Little grebe]]
|''Tachybaptus ruficollis''
|
|}

== Buttonquails ==
[[File:Yellow-legged Buttonquail Turnix tanki DSCN4636 (7) 02.jpg|thumb|[[Yellow-legged buttonquail]]]]
Order: [[Charadriiformes]] Family: [[Turnicidae]]

The buttonquails are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young. One species, the [[yellow-legged buttonquail]], is found on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Yellow-legged buttonquail]]
|''Turnix tanki''
|
|}

== Stone-curlews and thick-knees ==
Order: [[Charadriiformes]] Family: [[Burhinidae]]
[[File:Beach Thick-knee Inskip Pt2.JPG|thumb|[[Beach stone-curlew]]]]
Stone-curlews are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and [[Crypsis|cryptic]] plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats. Two species are found on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Great stone-curlew]]
|''Esacus recurvirostris''
|Near-threatened
|-
|[[Beach stone-curlew]]
|''Esacus magnirostris''
|Near-threatened
|}

== Stilts and avocets ==
Order: [[Charadriiformes]] Family: [[Recurvirostridae]]
[[File:Himantopus himantopus - Pak Thale.jpg|thumb|[[Black-winged stilt]]]]
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the [[Avocet|avocets]] and [[Stilt|stilts]]. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. There is one species, the [[black-winged stilt]], which has been recorded on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Black-winged stilt]]
|''Himantopus himantopus''
|
|}

== Plovers ==
Order: [[Charadriiformes]] Family: [[Charadriidae]]
[[File:Charadrius dubius - Little ringed plover 05.jpg|thumb|[[Little ringed plover]]]]
[[File:White-faced Plover - Thailand S4E6283 (15455836369).jpg|thumb|[[White-faced plover]]]]
The family Charadriidae includes the [[Plover|plovers]], [[Dotterel|dotterels]] and [[Lapwing|lapwings]]. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. There are 13 species which have been recorded on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Northern lapwing]]
|''Vanellus vanellus''
|Near-threatened
|-
|[[Grey-headed lapwing]]
|''Vanellus cinereus''
|
|-
|[[European golden plover]]
|''Pluvialis apricaria''
|(A)
|-
|[[Pacific golden plover]]
|''Pluvialis fulva''
|
|-
|[[Grey plover]]
|''Pluvialis squatarola''
|Vulnerable
|-
|[[Common ringed plover]]
|''Charadrius hiaticula''
|(A)
|-
|[[Little ringed plover]]
|''Charadrius dubius''
|
|-
|[[Kentish plover]]
|''Charadrius alexandrinus''
|
|-
|[[White-faced plover]]
|''Charadrius dealbatus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Siberian sand plover]]
|''Charadrius mongolus''
|Endangered
|-
|[[Tibetan sand plover]]
|''Charadrius atrifrons''
|
|-
|[[Greater sand plover]]
|''Charadrius leschenaultii''
|
|-
|[[Oriental plover]]
|''Charadrius veredus''
|(A)
|}

== Painted-snipes ==
Order: [[Charadriiformes]] Family: [[Rostratulidae]]

Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured. There is one species which occurs on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Greater painted-snipe]]
|''Rostratula benghalensis''
|
|}

== Jacanas ==
Order: [[Charadriiformes]] Family: [[Jacanidae]]

The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family [[Jacanidae]]. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat. There is one species which has been recorded on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Pheasant-tailed jacana]]
|''Hydrophasianus chirurgus''
|
|}

== Sandpipers and snipes ==
Order: [[Charadriiformes]] Family: [[Scolopacidae]]
[[File:Tringa brevipes.jpg|thumb|[[Grey-tailed tattler]]]]
[[File:Curlew (Numenius arquata) (12).jpg|thumb|[[Eurasian curlew]]]]
[[File:Ruff (Calidris pugnax) (43971025011).jpg|thumb|[[Ruff (bird)|Ruff]]]]
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the [[Sandpiper|sandpipers]], [[Curlew|curlews]], [[Godwit|godwits]], [[Tringa|shanks]], [[Tattler (bird)|tattlers]], [[Woodcock|woodcocks]], [[Snipe|snipes]], [[Dowitcher|dowitchers]] and [[Phalarope|phalaropes]]. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
{| class="wikitable"
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Eurasian whimbrel]]
|''Numenius phaeopus''
|
|-
|[[Eurasian curlew]]
|''Numenius arquata''
|Near-threatened
|-
|[[Bar-tailed godwit]]
|''Limosa lapponica''
|Near-threatened
|-
|[[Black-tailed godwit]]
|''Limosa limosa''
|Near-threatened
|-
|[[Ruddy turnstone]]
|''Arenaria interpres''
|Near-threatened
|-
|[[Great knot]]
|''Calidris tenuirostris''
|Endangered
|-
|[[Red knot]]
|''Calidris canutus''
|(A); Near-threatened
|-
|[[Ruff (bird)|Ruff]]
|''Calidris pugnax''
|
|-
|[[Broad-billed sandpiper]]
|''Calidris falcinellus''
|Vulnerable
|-
|[[Curlew sandpiper]]
|''Calidris ferruginea''
|Vulnerable
|-
|[[Temminck's stint]]
|''Calidris temminckii''
|
|-
|[[Long-toed stint]]
|''Calidris subminuta''
|
|-
|[[Red-necked stint]]
|''Calidris ruficollis''
|Near-threatened
|-
|[[Sanderling]]
|''Calidris alba''
|
|-
|[[Little stint]]
|''Calidris minuta''
|
|-
|[[Pectoral sandpiper]]
|''Calidris melanotos''
|(A)
|-
|[[Asian dowitcher]]
|''Limnodromus semipalmatus''
|Near-threatened
|-
|[[Eurasian woodcock]]
|''Scolopax rusticola''
|
|-
|[[Jack snipe]]
|''Lymnocryptes minimus''
|
|-
|[[Wood snipe]]
|''Gallinago nemoricola''
|Vulnerable
|-
|[[Pin-tailed snipe]]
|''Gallinago stenura''
|
|-
|[[Swinhoe's snipe]]
|''Gallinago megala''
|
|-
|[[Great snipe]]
|''Gallinago media''
|Near-threatened
|-
|[[Common snipe]]
|''Gallinago gallinago''
|
|-
|[[Terek sandpiper]]
|''Xenus cinereus''
|
|-
|[[Common sandpiper]]
|''Actitis hypoleucos''
|
|-
|[[Green sandpiper]]
|''Tringa ochropus''
|
|-
|[[Grey-tailed tattler]]
|''Tringa brevipes''
|(A)
|-
|[[Common redshank]]
|''Tringa totanus''
|
|-
|[[Marsh sandpiper]]
|''Tringa stagnatilis''
|
|-
|[[Wood sandpiper]]
|''Tringa glareola''
|
|-
|[[Spotted redshank]]
|''Tringa erythropus''
|
|-
|[[Common greenshank]]
|''Tringa nebularia''
|
|}

== Crab-plover ==
Order: [[Charadriiformes]] Family: [[Dromadidae]]
[[File:Crab Plover AMSM7466.jpg|thumb|[[Crab-plover]]]]
The crab-plover is related to the waders. It resembles a plover but with very long grey legs and a strong heavy black bill similar to a tern. It has black-and-white plumage, a long neck, partially webbed feet and a bill designed for eating crabs.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Crab-plover]]
|''Dromas ardeola''
|(A)
|}

== Coursers and pratincoles ==
Order: [[Charadriiformes]] Family: [[Glareolidae]]
[[File:Small pratincole (Glareola lactea).jpg|thumb|[[Small pratincole]]]]
Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the [[Pratincole|pratincoles]], which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the [[Courser|coursers]], which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards. There are three species which have been recorded on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Collared pratincole]]
|''Glareola pratincola''
|(A)
|-
|[[Oriental pratincole]]
|''Glareola maldivarum''
|
|-
|[[Small pratincole]]
|''Glareola lactea''
|
|}

== Gulls, terns, and skimmers ==
Order: [[Charadriiformes]] Family: [[Laridae]]
[[File:Black Noddy (Anous minutus) (42450468011).jpg|thumb|[[Black noddy]]]]
[[File:Gull-billed Tern by Tisha Mukherjee 02.jpg|thumb|[[Gull-billed tern]]]]
[[File:Larus fuscus - Bremerhaven 01.jpg|thumb|[[Lesser black-backed gull]]]]
Laridae is a family of medium to large [[Seabird|seabirds]], the [[Gull|gulls]], [[Tern|terns]], and [[Skimmer (bird)|skimmers]]. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Gulls and terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Brown noddy]]
|''Anous stolidus''
|
|-
|[[Lesser noddy]]
|''Anous tenuirostris''
|(A)
|-
|[[Black noddy]]
|''Anous minutus''
|
|-
|[[White tern]]
|''Gygis alba''
|(A)
|-
|[[Brown-headed gull]]
|''Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus''
|
|-
|[[Black-headed gull]]
|''Chroicocephalus ridibundus''
|
|-
|[[Lesser black-backed gull]]
|''Larus fuscus''
|
|-
|[[Gull-billed tern]]
|''Gelochelidon nilotica''
|
|-
|[[Greater crested tern]]
|''Thalasseus bergii''
|
|-
|[[Lesser crested tern]]
|''Thalasseus bengalensis''
|
|-
|[[Little tern]]
|''Sternula albifrons''
|
|-
|[[Bridled tern]]
|''Onychoprion anaethetus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Sooty tern]]
|''Onychoprion fuscatus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Roseate tern]]
|''Sterna dougallii''
|
|-
|[[Black-naped tern]]
|''Sterna sumatrana''
|
|-
|[[Common tern]]
|''Sterna hirundo''
|
|-
|[[Whiskered tern]]
|''Chlidonias hybrida''
|
|-
|[[White-winged tern]]
|''Chlidonias leucopterus''
|
|}

== Skuas ==
Order: [[Charadriiformes]] Family: [[Stercorariidae]]
[[File:Arctic skua (Stercorarius parasiticus) on an ice floe, Svalbard.jpg|thumb|[[Parasitic jaeger]]]]
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. There are two species which have been recorded on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Pomarine skua]]
|''Stercorarius pomarinus''
|
|-
|[[Arctic skua]]
|''Stercorarius parasiticus''
|
|}

== Tropicbirds ==
Order: [[Phaethontiformes]] Family: [[Phaethontidae]]
[[File:Red-tailed Tropicbird - Nosy Ve - Madagascar MG 1985 (15108469068).jpg|thumb|[[Red-tailed tropicbird]]]]
[[Tropicbird|Tropicbirds]] are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Red-billed tropicbird]]
|''Phaethon aethereus''
|
|-
|[[Red-tailed tropicbird]]
|''Phaethon rubricauda''
|(A)
|-
|[[White-tailed tropicbird]]
|''Phaethon lepturus''
|(A)
|}

== Austral storm petrels ==
Order: [[Procellariiformes]] Family: [[Oceanitidae]]
[[File:Black-bellied Storm-Petrel 0A2A5833.jpg|thumb|[[Black-bellied storm petrel]]]]
The [[Southern storm petrel|southern storm petrels]] include some of the smallest seabirds. They feed on [[Plankton|planktonic]] crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes [[bat]]-like.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Wilson's storm petrel]]
|''Oceanites oceanicus''
|(A)
|-
|[[White-faced storm petrel]]
|''Pelagodroma marina''
|(A)
|-
|[[White-bellied storm petrel]]
|''Fregetta grallaria''
|(A)
|-
|[[Black-bellied storm petrel]]
|''Fregetta tropica''
|(A)
|}

== Northern storm petrels ==
Order: [[Procellariiformes]] Family: [[Hydrobatidae]]

The [[Northern storm petrel|northern storm petrels]] include some of the smallest seabirds. They feed on [[Plankton|planktonic]] crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes [[bat]]-like.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Swinhoe's storm petrel]]
|''Hydrobates monorhis''
|Near-threatened
|}

== Petrels, shearwaters, and diving petrels ==
Order: [[Procellariiformes]] Family: [[Procellariidae]]
[[File:Short-tailed Shearwater 0A2A9865.jpg|thumb|[[Short-tailed shearwater]]]]
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized shearwaters and petrels, characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. There are 4 species which have been recorded on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Streaked shearwater]]
|''Calonectris leucomelas''
|Near-threatened
|-
|[[Wedge-tailed shearwater]]
|''Ardenna pacifica''
|(A)
|-
|[[Short-tailed shearwater]]
|''Ardenna tenuirostris''
|(A)
|-
|[[Flesh-footed shearwater]]
|''Ardenna carneipes''
|Near-threatened
|}

== Storks ==
Order: [[Ciconiiformes]] Family: [[Ciconiidae]]
[[File:Asian openbill stork (Anastomus oscitans).jpg|thumb|233x233px|[[Asian openbill]]]]
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Asian openbill]]
|''Anastomus oscitans''
|[[Local extinction|Extinct]] on the islands
|}

== Frigatebirds ==
Order: [[Suliformes]] Family: [[Fregatidae]]
[[File:Christmas Island Frigatebird male - Jakarta Bay, Indonesia.jpg|thumb|257x257px|[[Christmas frigatebird]]]]
[[Frigatebird|Frigatebirds]] are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have red inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Christmas frigatebird]]
|''Fregata andrewsi''
|(A) Vulnerable
|-
|[[Great frigatebird]]
|''Fregata minor''
|(A)
|-
|[[Lesser frigatebird]]
|''Fregata ariel''
|
|}

== Gannets and boobies ==
Order: [[Suliformes]] Family: [[Sulidae]]
[[File:Sula sula by Gregg Yan 01.jpg|thumb|229x229px|[[Red-footed booby]]]]
The sulids comprise the [[Gannet|gannets]] and [[Booby|boobies]]. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Masked booby]]
|''Sula dactylatra''
|(A)
|-
|[[Red-footed booby]]
|''Sula sula''
|(A)
|}

== Anhingas and darters ==
Order: [[Suliformes]] Family: [[Anhingidae]]
[[File:Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster) 21-Mar-2007 6-10-09 AM.JPG|thumb|241x241px|[[Oriental darter]]]]
[[Darters]] are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Oriental darter]]
|''Anhinga melanogaster''
|
|}

== Cormorants and shags ==
Order: [[Suliformes]] Family: [[Phalacrocoracidae]]
[[File:Indian Cormorant (Br.) I IMG 8092.jpg|thumb|272x272px|[[Indian cormorant]]]]
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white; many have brightly coloured eyes and throat pouches.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Little cormorant]]
|''Microcarbo niger''
|
|-
|[[Indian cormorant]]
|''Phalacrocorax fuscicollis''
|
|}

== Ibises and spoonbills ==
Order: [[Pelecaniformes]] Family: [[Threskiornithidae]]

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the [[Ibis|ibises]] and [[Spoonbill|spoonbills]]. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Glossy ibis]]
|''Plegadis falcinellus''
|(A)
|}

== Herons and bitterns ==
Order: [[Pelecaniformes]] Family: [[Ardeidae]]
[[File:Ardea sumatrana -Palawan, Philippines-8.jpg|thumb|[[Great-billed heron]]]]
The family Ardeidae contains the [[Bittern|bitterns]], [[Heron|herons]] and [[Egret|egrets]]. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Yellow bittern]]
|''Ixobrychus sinensis''
|
|-
|[[Cinnamon bittern]]
|''Ixobrychus cinnamomeus''
|
|-
|[[Black bittern]]
|''Ixobrychus flavicollis''
|
|-
|[[Malayan night heron]]
|''Gorsachius melanolophus''
|
|-
|[[Black-crowned night heron]]
|''Nycticorax nycticorax''
|
|-
|[[Striated heron]]
|''Butorides striata''
|
|-
|[[Indian pond heron]]
|''Ardeola grayii''
|
|-
|[[Chinese pond heron]]
|''Ardeola bacchus''
|
|-
|[[Javan pond heron]]
|''Ardeola speciosa''
|(A)
|-
|[[Eastern cattle egret]]
|''Bubulcus coromandus''
|
|-
|[[Grey heron]]
|''Ardea cinerea''
|
|-
|[[Purple heron]]
|''Ardea purpurea''
|
|-
|[[Great-billed heron]]
|''Ardea sumatrana''
|(A)
|-
|[[Great egret]]
|''Ardea alba''
|
|-
|[[Medium egret]]
|''Ardea intermedia''
|
|-
|[[Little egret]]
|''Egretta garzetta''
|
|-
|[[Pacific reef heron]]
|''Egretta sacra''
|
|-
|[[Chinese egret]]
|''Egretta eulophotes''
|(A) Vulnerable
|}

== Pelicans ==
Order: [[Pelecaniformes]] Family: [[Pelecanidae]]

[[Pelican|Pelicans]] are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes. There is one species which is found on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Spot-billed pelican]]
|''Pelecanus philippensis''
|Near threatened
|}

== Osprey ==
Order: [[Accipitriformes]] Family: [[Pandionidae]]
[[File:Pandion haliaetus (Osprey).jpg|thumb|[[Osprey]]]]
The family Pandionidae contains usually only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large [[Bird of prey|raptor]] which is a specialist fish-eater with most taxonomic authorities consider a worldwide distribution.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Osprey]]
|''Pandion haliaetus''
|
|}

== Kites, hawks, and eagles ==
Order: [[Accipitriformes]] Family: [[Accipitridae]]
[[File:Great Nicobar Serpent Eagle (Spilornis klossi) by Shreeram MV 2.jpg|thumb|[[Great Nicobar serpent eagle]]]]
[[File:Booted Eagle by Tisha Mukherjee 03.jpg|thumb|[[Booted eagle]]]]
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes [[Hawk|hawks]], [[Eagle|eagles]], [[Kite (bird)|kites]], [[Harrier (bird)|harriers]] and [[Old World vulture|Old World vultures]]. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Black-winged kite]]
|''Elanus caeruleus''
|
|-
|[[Crested honey buzzard]]
|''Pernis ptilorhynchus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Jerdon's baza]]
|''Aviceda jerdoni''
|(A)
|-
|[[Black baza]]
|''Aviceda leuphotes''
|
|-
|[[Crested serpent eagle]]
|''Spilornis cheela''
|
|-
|[[Great Nicobar serpent eagle]]
|''Spilornis klossi''
|(E) Endangered
|-
|[[Andaman serpent eagle]]
|''Spilornis elgini''
|(E) Vulnerable
|-
|[[Changeable hawk-eagle]]
|''Nisaetus cirrhatus''
|
|-
|[[Black eagle]]
|''Ictinaetus malaiensis''
|(A)
|-
|[[Booted eagle]]
|''Hieraaetus pennatus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Shikra]]
|''Tachyspiza badia''
|(A)
|-
|[[Nicobar sparrowhawk]]
|''Tachyspiza butleri''
|(E) Vulnerable
|-
|[[Chinese sparrowhawk]]
|''Tachyspiza'' ''soloensis''
|
|-
|[[Besra]]
|''Tachyspiza'' ''virgata''
|
|-
|[[Eurasian sparrowhawk]]
|''Accipiter nisus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Western marsh harrier]]
|''Circus aeruginosus''
|
|-
|[[Eastern marsh harrier]]
|''Circus spilonotus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Pallid harrier]]
|''Circus macrourus''
|Near-threatened
|-
|[[Pied harrier]]
|''Circus melanoleucos''
|(A)
|-
|[[Montagu's harrier]]
|''Circus pygargus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Black kite]]
|''Milvus migrans''
|
|-
|[[Brahminy kite]]
|''Haliastur indus''
|
|-
|[[White-bellied sea eagle]]
|''Icthyophaga leucogaster''
|
|-
|[[Grey-faced buzzard]]
|''Butastur indicus''
|
|-
|[[Long-legged buzzard]]
|''Buteo rufinus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Common buzzard]]
|''Buteo buteo''
|
|}

== Barn owls ==
Order: [[Strigiformes]] Family: [[Tytonidae]]
[[File:Andaman Masked Owl SS.jpg|thumb|206x206px|[[Andaman masked owl]]]]
[[Barn-owl|Barn owls]] are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Eastern barn owl]]
|''Tyto javanica''
|
|-
|[[Andaman masked owl]]
|''Tyto deroepstorffi''
|(E)
|}

== Owls ==
Order: [[Strigiformes]] Family: [[Strigidae]]
[[File:Oriental Scops-Owl (Walden's) Otus sunia modestus, Andamans 3.jpg|thumb|[[Oriental scops owl]]]]
The [[Typical owl|typical owls]] are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Brown boobook]]
|''Ninox scutulata''
|
|-
|[[Hume's boobook]]
|''Ninox obscura''
|(E)
|-
|[[Andaman boobook]]
|''Ninox affinis''
|(E)
|-
|[[Andaman scops owl]]
|''Otus balli''
|(E)
|-
|[[Oriental scops owl]]
|''Otus sunia''
|
|-
|[[Nicobar scops owl]]
|''Otus alius''
|(E) Near-threatened
|}

== Hoopoes ==
Order: [[Bucerotiformes]] Family: [[Upupidae]]
[[File:Upupa epops, Sand Bath.jpg|thumb|[[Eurasian hoopoe]]]]
Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head. There is one species which occurs on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Eurasian hoopoe]]
|''Upupa epops''
|
|}

== Hornbills ==
Order: [[Bucerotiformes]] Family: [[Bucerotidae]]

Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. Frequently, the bill is brightly coloured.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Narcondam hornbill]]
|''Rhyticeros narcondami''
|(E); Vulnerable
|}

== Rollers ==
Order: [[Coraciiformes]] Family: [[Coraciidae]]
[[File:Oriental Dollarbird ตะขาบดง.jpg|thumb|270x270px|[[Oriental dollarbird]]]]
Rollers resemble [[Crow|crows]] in size and build, but are more closely related to the [[Kingfisher|kingfishers]] and [[Bee-eater|bee-eaters]]. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected at the base, but the outer toe is not. There are three species (depending on taxonomy followed) which have been recorded on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Indochinese roller]]
|''Coracias affinis''
|
|-
|[[European roller]]
|''Coracias garrulus''
|
|-
|[[Oriental dollarbird]]
|''Eurystomus orientalis''
|
|}

== Kingfishers ==
Order: [[Coraciiformes]] Family: [[Alcedinidae]]
[[File:008 Black-backed dwarf kingfisher.jpg|thumb|[[Black-backed dwarf kingfisher]]]]
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails. There are 9 species which have been recorded on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Stork-billed kingfisher]]
|''Pelargopsis capensis''
|
|-
|[[Ruddy kingfisher]]
|''Halcyon coromanda''
|
|-
|[[White-throated kingfisher]]
|''Halcyon smyrnensis''
|
|-
|[[Black-capped kingfisher]]
|''Halcyon pileata''
|Vulnerable
|-
|[[Collared kingfisher]]
|''Todiramphus chloris''
|
|-
|[[Blue-eared kingfisher]]
|''Alcedo meninting''
|
|-
|[[Common kingfisher]]
|''Alcedo atthis''
|
|-
|[[Black-backed dwarf kingfisher]]
|''Ceyx erithaca''
|Near-threatened
|-
|[[Pied kingfisher]]
|''Ceryle rudis''
|
|}

== Bee-eaters ==
Order: [[Coraciiformes]] Family: [[Meropidae]]
[[File:Chestnut-headed Bee-eater (Merops leschenaulti), Munnar, Kerala, India.jpg|thumb|[[Chestnut-headed bee-eater]]]]
The bee-eaters are a group of [[near passerine]] birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar. There are 4 species which have been recorded on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Asian green bee-eater]]
|''Merops orientalis''
|
|-
|[[Blue-cheeked bee-eater]]
|''Merops persicus''
|
|-
|[[Blue-tailed bee-eater]]
|''Merops philippinus''
|
|-
|[[Chestnut-headed bee-eater]]
|''Merops leschenaulti''
|
|}

== Woodpeckers ==
Order: [[Piciformes]] Family: [[Picidae]]
[[File:Andaman woodpecker, Andaman islands 2.jpg|thumb|[[Andaman woodpecker]]]]
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Eurasian wryneck]]
|''Jynx torquilla''
|
|-
|[[Fulvous-breasted woodpecker]]
|''Dendrocopos macei''
|
|-
|[[Freckle-breasted woodpecker]]
|''Dendrocopos analis''
|
|-
|[[Andaman woodpecker]]
|''Dryocopus hodgei''
|(E) Vulnerable
|-
|[[Common flameback]]
|''Dinopium javanense''
|
|}

== Caracaras and falcons ==
Order: [[Falconiformes]] Family: [[Falconidae]]
[[File:Falco cherrug (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|thumb|[[Saker falcon]]]]
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. There are five species which have been recorded on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Lesser kestrel]]
|''Falco naumanni''
|
|-
|[[Common kestrel]]
|''Falco tinnunculus''
|
|-
|[[Amur falcon]]
|''Falco amurensis''
|
|-
|[[Saker falcon]]
|''Falco cherrug''
|Endangered
|-
|[[Peregrine falcon]]
|''Falco peregrinus''
|
|}

== Old World parrots ==
Order: [[Psittaciformes]] Family: [[Psittaculidae]]
[[File:Vernal Hanging-Parrot by Tisha Mukherjee 04.jpg|thumb|[[Vernal hanging parrot]]]]
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed [[zygodactyl]] feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from {{cvt|8|cm}} to {{cvt|100|cm}} in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Red-breasted parakeet]]
|''Psittacula alexandri''
|Near-threatened
|-
|[[Long-tailed parakeet]]
|''Psittacula longicauda''
|Vulnerable
|-
|[[Alexandrine parakeet]]
|''Psittacula eupatria''
|Near-threatened
|-
|[[Rose-ringed parakeet]]
|''Psittacula krameri''
|
|-
|[[Nicobar parakeet]]
|''Psittacula caniceps''
|(E) Near-threatened
|-
|[[Vernal hanging parrot]]
|''Loriculus vernalis''
|
|}

== Pittas ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Pittidae]]
[[File:Pitta moluccensis - Kaeng Krachan.jpg|thumb|[[Blue-winged pitta]]]]
Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards and are stocky, with fairly long, strong legs, short tails and stout bills. Many are brightly coloured. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects and similar invertebrates.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Blue pitta]]
|''Hydrornis cyanea''
|(A)
|-
|[[Blue-winged pitta]]
|''Pitta moluccensis''
|(A)
|-
|[[Western hooded pitta]]
|''Pitta sordida''
|
|-
|[[Nicobar hooded pitta]]
|''Pitta abbotti''
|(E)
|}

== Woodswallows, butcherbirds, and peltops ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Artamidae]]

The woodswallows are soft-plumaged, somber-coloured passerine birds. They are smooth, agile flyers with moderately large, semi-triangular wings.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[White-breasted woodswallow]]
|''Artamus leucorynchus''
|
|}

== Cuckooshrikes ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Campephagidae]]
[[File:Pericrocotus flammeus -Sri Lanka -female-8a.jpg|thumb|[[Orange minivet]]]]
The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Small minivet]]
|''Pericrocotus cinnamomeus''
|
|-
|[[Orange minivet]]
|''Pericrocotus flammeus''
|
|-
|[[Scarlet minivet]]
|''Pericrocotus speciosus''
|
|-
|[[Ashy minivet]]
|''Pericrocotus divaricatus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Swinhoe's minivet]]
|''Pericrocotus cantonensis''
|(A)
|-
|[[Indian cuckooshrike]]
|''Coracina macei''
|
|-
|[[Oriental cuckooshrike]]
|''Coracina javensis''
|
|-
|[[Andaman cuckooshrike]]
|''Coracina dobsoni''
|(E) Near-threatened
|-
|[[Pied triller]]
|''Lalage nigra''
|
|-
|[[Black-winged cuckooshrike]]
|''Lalage melaschistos''
|
|}

== Whistlers and allies ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Pachycephalidae]]

The family Pachycephalidae includes the whistlers, shrikethrushes, and some of the pitohuis. There is one species which occurs on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Mangrove whistler]]
|''Pachycephala cinerea''
|
|}

== Figbirds, orioles, and turnagra ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Oriolidae]]
[[File:Black-naped Oriole eyeing on Lannea coromandelica fruits W IMG 7449.jpg|thumb|[[Black-naped oriole]]]]
The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles. There are four species which have been recorded on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Black-hooded oriole]]
|''Oriolus xanthornus''
|
|-
|[[Indian golden oriole]]
|''Oriolus kundoo''
|
|-
|[[Black-naped oriole]]
|''Oriolus chinensis''
|
|-
|[[Slender-billed oriole]]
|''Oriolus tenuirostris''
|
|}

== Drongos ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Dicruridae]]
[[File:Andaman Drongo (Dicrurus andamanensis) in tree (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Andaman drongo]]]]
The drongos are mostly black or dark grey, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Crow-billed drongo]]
|''Dicrurus annectens''
|(A)
|-
|[[Greater racket-tailed drongo]]
|''Dicrurus paradiseus''
|
|-
|[[Andaman drongo]]
|''Dicrurus andamanensis''
|
|-
|[[Ashy drongo]]
|''Dicrurus leucophaeus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Black drongo]]
|''Dicrurus macrocercus''
|
|}

== Monarchs ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Monarchidae]]
[[File:Amur Paradise Flycatcher (Terpsiphone incei) - Lip Kee (3).jpg|thumb|[[Amur paradise flycatcher]]]]
The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching. There are four species which have been recorded on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Black-naped monarch]]
|''Hypothymis azurea''
|
|-
|[[Indian paradise flycatcher]]
|''Terpsiphone paradisi''
|
|-
|[[Blyth's paradise flycatcher]]
|''Terpsiphone affinis''
|
|-
|[[Amur paradise flycatcher]]
|''Terpsiphone incei''
|(A)
|}

== Shrikes ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Laniidae]]

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Brown shrike]]
|''Lanius cristatus''
|
|}

== Crows and jays ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Corvidae]]
[[File:Grey treepies (Dendrocitta formosae himalayana) Pokhara.jpg|thumb|[[Grey treepie]]]]
The family Corvidae includes [[Crow|crows]], [[Raven|ravens]], [[Jay|jays]], [[Chough|choughs]], [[Magpie|magpies]], [[Treepie|treepies]], [[Nutcracker (bird)|nutcrackers]] and [[Ground jay|ground jays]]. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Grey treepie]]
|''Dendrocitta formosae''
|
|-
|[[Andaman treepie]]
|''Dendrocitta bayleii''
|(E); vulnerable
|-
|[[House crow]]
|''Corvus splendens''
|(I)
|-
|[[Large-billed crow]]
|''Corvus macrorhynchos''
|
|-
|[[Eastern jungle crow]]
|''Corvus levaillantii''
|
|-
|[[Indian jungle crow]]
|''Corvus culminatus''
|
|}

== Fairy flycatchers ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Stenostiridae]]

Most of the species of this small family are found in Africa, though a few inhabit tropical Asia. They are not closely related to other birds called "flycatchers".
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Grey-headed canary-flycatcher]]
|''Culicicapa ceylonensis''
|
|}

== Tits and chickadees ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Paridae]]

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Cinereous tit]]
|''Parus cinereus''
|
|}

== Larks ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Alaudidae]]
[[File:Oriental Skylark by Tisha Mukherjee 02.jpg|thumb|[[Oriental skylark]]]]
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Oriental skylark]]
|''Alauda gulgula''
|
|-
|[[Mongolian short-toed lark]]
|''Calandrella dukhunensis''
|
|-
|[[Greater short-toed lark]]
|''Calandrella brachydactyla''
|
|}

== Bulbuls ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Pycnonotidae]]
[[File:Red-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer humayuni).jpg|thumb|[[Red-vented bulbul]]]]
Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Nicobar bulbul]]
|''Ixos nicobariensis''
|(E); Near-threatened
|-
|[[Andaman bulbul]]
|''Brachypodius fuscoflavescens''
|(E)
|-
|[[Red-whiskered bulbul]]
|''Pycnonotus jocosus''
|
|-
|[[Red-vented bulbul]]
|''Pycnonotus cafer''
|
|}

== Swallows and martins ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Hirundinidae]]
[[File: Hirundo tahitica (Brunei) 08.jpg|thumb|[[Pacific swallow]]]]
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Sand martin]]
|''Riparia riparia''
|
|-
|[[Pale martin]]
|''Riparia diluta''
|
|-
|[[Barn swallow]]
|''Hirundo rustica''
|
|-
|[[Pacific swallow]]
|''Hirundo tahitica''
|
|-
|[[Asian house martin]]
|''Delichon dasypus''
|
|-
|[[Eastern red-rumped swallow]]
|''Cecropis daurica''
|
|}

== Cettia bush warblers and allies ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Cettiidae]]

Cettiidae is a family of small insectivorous songbirds. It contains the typical bush warblers (Cettia) and their relatives. Its members occur mainly in Asia and Africa, ranging into Oceania and Europe.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Pale-footed bush warbler]]
|''Hemitesia pallidipes''
|
|}

== Leaf warblers and allies ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Phylloscopidae]]
[[File:Sakhalin Leaf-warbler.jpg|thumb|[[Sakhalin leaf warbler]]]]
Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colours.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Hume's leaf warbler]]
|''Phylloscopus humei''
|
|-
|[[Yellow-browed warbler]]
|''Phylloscopus inornatus''
|
|-
|[[Tickell's leaf warbler]]
|''Phylloscopus affinis''
|(A)
|-
|[[Dusky warbler]]
|''Phylloscopus fuscatus''
|
|-
|[[Willow warbler]]
|''Phylloscopus trochilus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Green warbler]]
|''Phylloscopus nitidus''
|
|-
|[[Two-barred warbler]]
|''Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Greenish warbler]]
|''Phylloscopus trochiloides''
|
|-
|[[Large-billed leaf warbler]]
|''Phylloscopus magnirostris''
|
|-
|[[Pale-legged leaf warbler]]
|''Phylloscopus tenellipes''
|(A)
|-
|[[Sakhalin leaf warbler]]
|''Phylloscopus borealoides''
|(A)
|-
|[[Arctic warbler]]
|''Phylloscopus borealis''
|(A)
|}

== Reed warblers, Grauer's warbler, and allies ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Acrocephalidae]]
[[File:Thick-billed Warbler by Tisha Mukherjee 02.jpg|thumb|[[Thick-billed warbler]]]]
The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Oriental reed warbler]]
|''Acrocephalus orientalis''
|
|-
|[[Clamorous reed warbler]]
|''Acrocephalus stentoreus''
|
|-
|[[Black-browed reed warbler]]
|''Acrocephalus bistrigiceps''
|
|-
|[[Blyth's reed warbler]]
|''Acrocephalus dumetorum''
|
|-
|[[Thick-billed warbler]]
|''Arundinax aedon''
|
|-
|[[Booted warbler]]
|''Iduna caligata''
|
|}

== Grassbirds and allies ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Locustellidae]]
[[File:Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler by Tisha Mukherjee 09.jpg|thumb|[[Pallas's grasshopper warbler]]]]
Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Pallas's grasshopper warbler]]
|''Helopsaltes certhiola''
|
|-
|[[Lanceolated warbler]]
|''Locustella lanceolata''
|}

== Cisticolas and allies ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Cisticolidae]]

The cisticolas are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Zitting cisticola]]
|''Cisticola juncidis''
|
|}

== White-eyes ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Zosteropidae]]

The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Indian white-eye]]
|''Zosterops palpebrosus''
|
|}

== Fairy-bluebirds ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Irenidae]]
[[File:Asian fairy-bluebird Kotagiri 4.jpg|thumb|[[Asian fairy-bluebird]]]]
The fairy-bluebirds are [[bulbul]]-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub. The males are dark-blue and the females a duller green. There is one species which occurs on the islands.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Asian fairy-bluebird]]
|''Irena puella''
|
|}

== Starlings and rhabdornis ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Sturnidae]]
[[File:White-headed starling (Sturnia erythropygia) May 2013 Neil Island Andaman.jpg|thumb|[[White-headed starling]]]]
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Asian glossy starling]]
|''Aplonis panayensis''
|
|-
|[[Common hill myna]]
|''Gracula religiosa''
|
|-
|[[Jungle myna]]
|''Acridotheres fuscus''
|(I)
|-
|[[Common myna]]
|''Acridotheres tristis''
|(I)
|-
|[[Daurian starling]]
|''Agropsar sturninus''
|
|-
|[[Chestnut-cheeked starling]]
|''Agropsar philippensis''
|(A)
|-
|[[White-headed starling]]
|''Sturnia erythropygia''
|(E)
|-
|[[Rosy starling]]
|''Pastor roseus''
|
|-
|[[Common starling]]
|''Sturnus vulgaris''
|
|}

== Thrushes ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Turdidae]]
[[File:Chinese Blackbird, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 09.jpg|thumb|[[Chinese blackbird]]]]
The [[Thrush (bird)|thrushes]] are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Orange-headed thrush]]
|''Geokichla citrina''
|
|-
|[[Siberian thrush]]
|''Geokichla sibirica''
|
|-
|[[Scaly thrush]]
|''Zoothera dauma''
|
|-
|[[Chinese blackbird]]
|''Turdus mandarinus''
|(A)
|-
|[[Eyebrowed thrush]]
|''Turdus obscurus''
|
|}

== Chats and Old World flycatchers ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Muscicapidae]]
[[File:Zappey's Flycatcher, Cyanoptila cumatilis,Xiaolongmen National Forest Park, Beijing, China.jpg|thumb|[[Zappey's flycatcher]]]]
[[File:Ficedula mugimaki 2 - Khao Yai.jpg|thumb|[[Mugimaki flycatcher]]]]
Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied; some have weak songs and harsh calls but others produce some of the finest bird songs known.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Oriental magpie-robin]]
|''Copsychus saularis''
|
|-
|[[White-rumped shama]]
|''Copsychus malabaricus''
|
|-
|[[Andaman shama]]
|''Copsychus albiventris''
|(E)
|-
|[[Dark-sided flycatcher]]
|''Muscicapa sibirica''
|
|-
|[[Asian brown flycatcher]]
|''Muscicapa dauurica''
|
|-
|[[Grey-streaked flycatcher]]
|''Muscicapa griseisticta''
|(A)
|-
|[[Ferruginous flycatcher]]
|''Muscicapa ferruginea''
|
|-
|[[Tickell's blue flycatcher]]
|''Cyornis tickelliae''
|
|-
|[[Blue-throated blue flycatcher]]
|''Cyornis rubeculoides''
|
|-
|[[Nicobar jungle flycatcher]]
|''Cyornis nicobaricus''
|(E); near threatened
|-
|[[Blue-and-white flycatcher]]
|''Cyanoptila cyanomelana''
|(A)
|-
|[[Zappey's flycatcher]]
|''Cyanoptila cumatilis''
|(A) Near-threatened
|-
|[[Verditer flycatcher]]
|''Eumyias thalassinus''
|
|-
|[[Siberian blue robin]]
|''Larvivora cyane''
|(A)
|-
|[[Bluethroat]]
|''Luscinia svecica''
|
|-
|[[Siberian rubythroat]]
|''Calliope calliope''
|
|-
|[[Blue-fronted robin]]
|''Cinclidium frontale''
|
|-
|[[Yellow-rumped flycatcher]]
|''Ficedula zanthopygia''
|(A)
|-
|[[Mugimaki flycatcher]]
|''Ficedula mugimaki''
|
|-
|[[Taiga flycatcher]]
|''Ficedula albicilla''
|
|-
|[[Red-breasted flycatcher]]
|''Ficedula parva''
|
|-
|[[Blue-fronted redstart]]
|''Phoenicurus frontalis''
|
|-
|[[Blue rock thrush]]
|''Monticola solitarius''
|
|-
|[[Siberian stonechat]]
|''Saxicola maurus''
|
|-
|[[Amur stonechat]]
|''Saxicola stejnegeri''
|
|}

== Flowerpeckers ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Dicaeidae]]
[[File:Andaman Flowerpecer.png|thumb|[[Andaman flowerpecker]]]]
The flowerpeckers are very small, stout, often brightly coloured birds, with short tails, short thick curved bills and tubular tongues.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Pale-billed flowerpecker]]
|''Dicaeum erythrorhynchos''
|
|-
|[[Plain flowerpecker]]
|''Dicaeum minullum''
|
|-
|[[Andaman flowerpecker]]
|''Dicaeum virescens''
|(E)
|}

== Sunbirds ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Nectariniidae]]
[[File:Ornate Sunbird (Olive-backed Sunbird), Andamans 3.jpg|thumb|[[Ornate sunbird]]]]
The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Ornate sunbird]]
|''Cinnyris ornatus''
|
|-
|[[Crimson sunbird]]
|''Aethopyga siparaja''
|
|}

== Old World sparrows and snowfinches ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Passeridae]]

[[Old World sparrow|Sparrows]] are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[House sparrow]]
|''Passer domesticus''
|(I)
|-
|[[Eurasian tree sparrow]]
|''Passer montanus''
|Extirpated
|}

== Waxbills, munias, and allies ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Estrildidae]]
[[File:Red avadavat (Amandava amandava) 9720.jpg|thumb|[[Red avadavat]]]]
The [[Estrildid finch|estrildid finches]] are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and [[Australasia]]. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Scaly-breasted munia]]
|''Lonchura punctulata''
|
|-
|[[White-rumped munia]]
|''Lonchura striata''
|
|-
|[[Red avadavat]]
|''Amandava amandava''
|Extirpated
|}

== Wagtails and pipits ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Motacillidae]]
[[File:Anthus richardi - Laem Pak Bia.jpg|thumb|[[Richard's pipit]]]]
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Forest wagtail]]
|''Dendronanthus indicus''
|
|-
|[[Western yellow wagtail]]
|''Motacilla flava''
|
|-
|[[Eastern yellow wagtail]]
|''Motacilla tschutschensis''
|
|-
|[[Citrine wagtail]]
|''Motacilla citreola''
|
|-
|[[Grey wagtail]]
|''Motacilla cinerea''
|
|-
|[[White wagtail]]
|''Motacilla alba''
|
|-
|[[Richard's pipit]]
|''Anthus richardi''
|
|-
|[[Paddyfield pipit]]
|''Anthus rufulus''
|
|-
|[[Blyth's pipit]]
|''Anthus godlewskii''
|
|-
|[[Red-throated pipit]]
|''Anthus cervinus''
|
|}

== Finches and euphonias ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Fringillidae]]

[[Finch|Finches]] are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Common rosefinch]]
|''Carpodacus erythrinus''
|(A)
|}

== Buntings ==
Order: [[Passeriformes]] Family: [[Emberizidae]]
[[File:Yellow-breasted bunting in Nepal 02 -Cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Yellow-breasted bunting]]]]
The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Binomial
!Comments
|-
|[[Ortolan bunting]]
|''Emberiza hortulana''
|(A)
|-
|[[Chestnut-eared bunting]]
|''Emberiza fucata''
|
|-
|[[Little bunting]]
|''Emberiza pusilla''
|
|-
|[[Yellow-browed bunting]]
|''Emberiza chrysophrys''
|(A)
|-
|[[Yellow-breasted bunting]]
|''Emberiza aureola''
|(A) Critically endangered
|-
|[[Chestnut bunting]]
|''Emberiza rutila''
|
|-
|[[Black-headed bunting]]
|''Emberiza melanocephala''
|
|-
|[[Black-faced bunting]]
|''Emberiza spodocephala''
|
|}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Birds of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands| ]]
[[Category:Lists of birds of India|Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]

Electrosteel Castings

2026-02-06T06:16:14Z

Joy sagar Murmu: typo fix

{{short description|Indian ductile iron pipe manufacturer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Electrosteel Castings Limited
| logo = ELECTCAST.png
| image =
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{NSE|ELECTCAST}} {{BSE|500128}}
| foundation = {{sda|1955}}
| location = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| key_people = Pradip Kumar Khaitan (chairman) Umang Kejriwal (MD) Sunil Katial (CEO)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Electrosteel Castings Management Information - Details of Electrosteel Castings Management |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/electrosteel-castings-ltd/infocompanymanagement/companyid-13811.cms |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name="AnnualReport2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.bseindia.com/bseplus/AnnualReport/500128/74357500128.pdf|title=ELECTROSTEEL CASTINGS LIMITED 2022 ANNUAL REPORT |website=bseindia.com|accessdate=26 June 2023}}</ref>
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRconvert|7360.42|c}} (2023)<ref name="Revenue">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-17 |title=Electrosteel Castings Ltd posts consolidated PAT of Rs. 89.43 crores in Q4 FY2023 |url=https://www.equitybulls.com/category.php?id=331955 |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=EquityBulls}}</ref>
| net_income = {{decrease}} {{INRconvert|315.80|c}} (2023)<ref name="Revenue"/>
| assets = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|8623.82|c}} (2022)<ref name="AnnualReport2022"/>
| equity = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|4104.47|c}} (2022)<ref name="AnnualReport2022"/>
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.electrosteel.com/}}
}}
'''Electrosteel Castings Limited''' is an Indian company based in [[Kolkata]]. It is one of the largest manufacturers of [[ductile iron pipe]]s in the Indian sub-continent, having a production capacity of 280,000 MT per annum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/electrosteel-steels-ltd/directorsreport/companyid-32354.cms|title=Directors Report | Director Details - The Economic Times|website=economictimes.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/electrosteel-steels-ltd/directorsreport/companyid-32354.cms|title=Electrosteel Steels Directors Report {{!}} Electrosteel Steels Director Details - The Economic Times|website=economictimes.indiatimes.com|access-date=2018-09-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.electrosteel.com/ | title = Electrosteel | publisher = ECL | accessdate = 16 July 2018}}</ref> Electrosteel was the pioneer in setting up a Ductile Iron Spun Pipe Plant in India in 1994 and is among the five largest producers of Spun Iron pipes in the world.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessworld.in/article/Electrosteel-Steels-Nerves-Of-Steel/16-03-2016-91999/|title=Electrosteel Steels: Nerves Of Steel|last=Behura|first=Monica|date=2016-03-16|work=Business World|access-date=2018-09-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-24 |title=Electrosteel Castings Ltd to set up new Ferro Alloy Plant |url=https://www.equitybulls.com/category.php?id=329382 |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=EquityBulls}}</ref>

==History ==
[[File:Electrosteel_Castings_Limited_-_Khardaha_-_North_24_Parganas_2012-04-11_9703.JPG|thumb|248x248px|Plant of Electrosteel Castings at [[Khardaha]].]]
In 1955, Electrosteel established a Steel Foundry at [[Khardaha|Khardah]], near [[Kolkata]], West Bengal. Subsequently, it started manufacturing Gray Cast Iron [[Cast iron pipe|Spun Pipes]] in 1959.

In 1982 it took over Shakti Pipes Ltd. at Elavur, near Chennai and also started making Gray Cast Iron Spun Pipes there.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/steel/electrosteel-group-a-steel-project-that-became-a-pipe-dream/articleshow/49696024.cms|title=Electrosteel Group: A steel project that became a pipe dream|last=Mazumdar|first=Rakhi|date=2015-11-07|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2018-09-03}}</ref>

In 1994, it established the first Ductile Iron Spun Pipe unit of the Indian sub-continent at [[Khardaha|Khardah]]. Within a few years, it received good acceptability among water engineers and the capacity was expanded to 0.28 million ton per annum.<ref name=":0" /> It subsequently started manufacturing Ductile Iron Fittings at Khardah in 2001.

In 2005, it also established a coke oven, a sponge iron plant and a power plant at Haldia, as a part of its backward integration drive.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-02-17 |title=Electrosteel to set up steel plant near Kolkata |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/electrosteel-to-set-up-steel-plant-near-kolkata-104021701021_1.html |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=Business_Standard |language=en-US}}</ref>

== International operations ==
About 50% of [[Ductile iron pipe|Ductile Iron Pipes]] and Fittings produced by Electrosteel is exported to various countries in Europe, USA, South America, South East Asia, Middle East, North and South African Countries.<ref name=":0" /> A number of overseas offices and [[subsidiary companies]] have been established in France, Spain, United Kingdom, United States, Singapore and [[Algeria]].

Electrosteel Castings <ref>https://www.electrosteel.com/document/23254851-Board-Meeting-Outcome-31-July-%202024.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2025}}</ref> acquired Singardo International, a company in the water and gas sectors, to expand its market reach in Southeast Asia and leverage Singardo's<ref>https://www.electrosteel.com/document/16254784-Transcript-of-Investors-Concall-held-on-30-October-2024.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2025}}</ref> global sales network for sourcing and trading of industry products.<ref>https://www.business-standard.com/markets/capital-market-news/electrosteel-castings-acquires-singardo-international-124100701046_1.html {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2025}}</ref>

== Financials ==
Electrosteel reported a total income of Rs.7360.42 crores during the financial year ended March 31, 2023 as compared to Rs.5336.70 crores during the financial year ended March 31, 2022. The company has posted net profit of Rs.315.8022 crores for the financial year ended March 31, 2023 as against net profit of Rs.347.2773 crores for the financial year ended March 31, 2022.<ref name="Revenue" />

== Accreditations ==
Electrosteel produces ductile iron pipes and fittings as per the international benchmark and its quality is approved in various countries. The Company obtained KITEMARK License from the British Standards Institute ("BSI") for its DI Spun Pipes and Fittings.<ref name=et>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/electrosteel-steels-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-32354.cms History | Information - The Economic Times]</ref> In addition, it received accreditations from Germany, BSI (UK) and various governmental approvals in the Middle East. It also secured approvals from NSF, UL and FM from USA and ACS/NF from France. Its products are also certified by the [[Drinking Water Inspectorate]] (DWI) and the Water Regulation Advisory Scheme (WRAS) in the UK.<ref name=et />

Electrosteel is an [[ISO 9000|ISO 9001]] and [[ISO 14000|ISO 14001]] certified organization and has [[SA8000]] certification as a [[Corporate social responsibility|socially responsible]] organization.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1955]]
[[Category:1955 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1955]]

Braz Anthony Fernandes

2026-02-06T06:10:00Z

Joy sagar Murmu: put up new info first draft

{{Short description|Portuguese historian (1881–1951)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=August 2018}}
{{COI|date=January 2025}}
{{One source|date=January 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Braz Anthony Fernandes
|birth_name = Braz Anthony Fernandes
|image = Braz Anthony Fernandes.jpg
|birth_date = {{birth date|1881|8|1|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1951|6|9|1881|2|12|df=yes}}
|known_for = Annual Bibliography of Indian History and Indology Bandra Its Religious and Secular History
|awards = Gold Medal - Bombay Historical Society
|restingplace = [[St. Andrew's Church, Mumbai]]
| occupation = Historian
|spouse = {{marriage|Eugénie Esther Cordeiro|1911}}
|children = 5
|relatives = {{ubl|
* [[Braz Fernandes]] (grandfather)
* [[JB Simmons]] (son-in-law)}}
}}

'''Braz Anthony Fernandes''' (1 August 1881 – 9 June 1951) was a Portuguese historian and the founder of the Bombay Historical Society.

==Personal life==
Braz Anthony Fernandes was born in [[Goa]] on 1 August 1881 and came to Bombay at the age of eight. He married Eugénie Esther Cordeiro in 1911 and had five children: Albert Anthony Gabriel, Barbara Angela, Charlotte Mary Sophie, Domnic Claudius, and Ernest Braz. His grandfather was [[Braz Fernandes]] from Chorão Island, and his granddaughter (from Charlotte) is Bernadette Simmons, who married [[Ivan Trayling]].{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}

Albert had two children: Vijay and Leela. Barbara had no children but was an excellent aunt. Charlotte had one daughter: Bernadette. Domnic Claudius Fernandes married Olga Cecilia Pereira and had three children: John Claud Fernandes, Jeanne Claudette Fernandes, and Indira Maria Fernandes. Ernest had one daughter: Eugénie.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}

==Career==
Fernandes, though a mechanical engineer by training, had various interests and studied botany, zoology, ornithology and knew painting and music. His main pursuit though was history, particularly the local history of Bombay. He spent many years delving into the records of Bombay from 17th to 19th centuries by collecting valuable data from church archives and graveyards, and obtaining Portuguese records of Bombay.

''[[The Times of India]]'' stated, "what he did not know about Bombay was not worth knowing."<ref name=":0">''Noted Historian Dead'', Obituary, Times of India, 9 June 1951</ref>

He co-founded the Bombay Historical Society in 1925 along with [[Henry Heras]], which grew from strength-to-strength. The society started publishing its own journal in 1928 and in 1931 organised the first Bombay Historical Congress, which brought scholars from all over India and paved the way for the Indian History Congress.

One of his major contributions was the Annual Bibliography of Indian History and Indology, which he started in 1938 and contained five volumes. This monumental work was appreciated by scholars both in India and abroad.<ref name=":0" /> As a result, he was awarded the Bombay Historical Society's gold medal by the President of the Indian History Congress in 1947.

He was also the author of Bandra Its Religious and Secular History, the most authoritative book on the area even today. It gives the history of Bandra, its topography and a description of its antiquities dating from the days of the Portuguese.

He was a Fellow of the Geographical Society of Lisbon and a Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

== Death ==
Fernandes died in June 1951, whereupon a condolence meeting of the Bombay Historical Society was held at the Prince of Wales Museum in the Library Room. His Excellency [[Mangal Das Pakvasa]], Governor of Madhya Pradesh and President of the Bombay Historical Society, sent a condolence message on the occasion. G. Samuelson attended the condolence meeting on behalf of the [[United States Information Agency|United States Information Service]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fernandes, Braz Anthony}}
[[Category:People from Chorão (island)]]
[[Category:1881 births]]
[[Category:1951 deaths]]
[[Category:Scientists from Goa]]
[[Category:Scientists from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Historians from British India]]

Kaler, Bihar

2026-01-20T22:27:29Z

Joy sagar Murmu: Enhanced content and organization

{{refimprove|date=January 2022}}

{{short description|Block in Arwal district, Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
'''Kaler''' is a block of [[Arwal district]], [[Bihar]] state, India.<ref>{{cite web|title=District at a glance|url=http://arwal.bih.nic.in/Dstatistics.htm|website=Arwal|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=26 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722051434/http://arwal.bih.nic.in/Dstatistics.htm|archive-date=22 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> It consist of 15 panchayats. [[National Highway 139 (India)|NH139]] passes through it.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Bihar}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Arwal district]]

{{Arwal-geo-stub}}

Sanjay Arora

2025-12-29T07:04:06Z

Joy sagar Murmu: started basic info initial version

{{short description|Indian filmmaker and actor}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Sanjay Arora
| image = Sanjay Arora.JPG
| caption = Sanjay Arora at Jaipur University, India, cultural film festival
| birth_place = Kurukshetra, [[India]]
| occupation = Filmmaker, actor
}}

'''Sanjay Arora''' is an Indian filmmaker and actor.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sanjay Arora's bags another International Accolade|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/cinema/Sanjay-Aroras-bags-another-international-Accolade-/articleshow/9895154.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107015652/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-07/cinema/30122388_1_film-festival-india-new-york-film-academy|url-status=live|archive-date=7 November 2011|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=7 September 2011}}</ref> He is known for making films such as Expression, Chase,<ref>{{cite web|title=Best Indian Shortz Films|url=http://shortz.in/chase|publisher=Shortz}}</ref> Butterfly Wings,<ref>{{cite news|title=Butterfly Wings at International Film Festival|url=http://www.indiapost.com/%E2%80%98butterfly-wings%E2%80%99-screened-at-international-film-festivals/|newspaper=India Post|date=8 April 2011}}</ref> and [[Once Again (2012 film)|Once Again]].

==Early life==
Sanjay Arora was born in [[Kurukshetra]], India. He attended Senior Model School in Kurukshetra and later earned a Bachelor's degree in [[Electronics Engineering]] from [[Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology]] in [[Haryana]]. He subsequently completed postgraduate studies in Export Marketing and Management at [[Kurukshetra University]].

Arora began his career as a host for [[All India Radio]], presenting programming aimed at younger audiences. In 1999, he moved to [[Detroit]], Michigan, where he worked as a [[software engineer]]. He later pursued filmmaking and acting, studying directing at the [[New York Film Academy]] in [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunday Show|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/sunday-show/1108569/|newspaper=Indian Express|date=28 April 2013}}</ref> He also trained in acting at the India Today Acting School in [[Toronto]] under instructor [[Roshan Taneja]].

==Film career==
Arora used income from his engineering career in the United States to produce and direct the short film ''Butterfly Wings''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Butterfly Wings is based on a True Story|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-18/cinema/29443145_1_film-festival-true-story-english-film|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411034705/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-18/cinema/29443145_1_film-festival-true-story-english-film|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 April 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 April 2011}}</ref> The film, based on the story of a woman with a physical disability, was shot in [[Delhi]] with a cast of Indian and American actors. It was featured in the 2011 We Care Film Festival<ref>{{cite news|title=Butterfly Wings at We Care and Picture this film festival|url=http://www.bollywoodtrade.com/international-news/butterfly-wings-at-we-care-picture-this-film-festivals/index.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130410160010/http://www.bollywoodtrade.com/international-news/butterfly-wings-at-we-care-picture-this-film-festivals/index.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 April 2013|newspaper=Bollywood Trade|date=27 April 2011}}</ref> and was screened in 15 cities across India, including Delhi, [[Mumbai]], [[Prayagraj|Allahabad]], [[Jaipur]], [[Goa]], and [[Gurgaon]]. It was also shown at the United Nations Information Center in Delhi<ref>{{cite web|title=U.N. India-Connect|url=http://www.unic.org.in/default.php|publisher=U.N. Information Center for India and Bhutan|access-date=18 February 2013|archive-date=2 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702051605/http://www.unic.org.in/default.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> and at BHEL in Haridwar. Internationally, the film was screened at the Picture This Film Festival in [[Calgary]],<ref>{{cite web|title=2011 Selections|url=http://www.ptff.org/ptff_main/2011-festival.html|publisher=International Disability Film Festival}}</ref> the West Virginia Filmmaker Festival (USA),<ref>{{cite web|title=Selections|url=https://wvfilmmakers.wordpress.com/|publisher=West VA Filmmaker Filmfestival}}</ref> and the Trinity Film Coalition Film Festival in Detroit.

===Other films===
Arora's short film ''Once Again'' (''Phir Vehi''), which draws on themes associated with the teachings of the Buddha, was screened at the Delhi International Film Festival.<ref>{{cite web|title=NRI Cinema|url=http://www.delhiinternationalfilmfestival.com/index.php/nri-cinema|publisher=Delhi International Film Festival}}</ref>

His film ''Expression'' depicts a relationship between Karan, an American-born Indian, and Sonya, a Russian bartender in [[Moscow]]. The narrative emphasizes non-verbal communication and was filmed in Detroit using a cast of Indian and Russian actors. It was screened at the ICE Short Film Festival in Pune<ref>{{cite web|title=Schedule|url=http://www.iceshortfilms.com/2007/schedule.html|publisher=Ice Digital Short Film Festival|access-date=18 February 2013|archive-date=24 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824205020/http://www.iceshortfilms.com/2007/schedule.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> and at the World Music & Independent Film Festival (WMIFF) in 2012.

''Chase'' is a short film about a young man’s pursuit of happiness. The film was shot in [[New York City]].

==Filmography==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Selected Filmography
! Year !! Title !! Type !! Role(s)
|-
| 2006 || ''Expression'' || Short film || Producer, Actor, Director
|-
| 2008 || ''Chase'' || Short film || Producer, Director
|-
| 2010 || ''Butterfly Wings'' || Short film || Producer, Director<ref name="butterfly">[Insert citation]</ref>
|-
| 2011 || ''Shuttlecock Boys'' || Feature film || Assistant Director
|-
| 2012 || ''Once Again'' (''Phir Vehi'') || Short film || Producer, Writer, Director<ref name="onceagain">[Insert citation]</ref>
|-
| 2023 || ''Once Upon a Time in Lahore'' || Short film || Executive Producer
|-
| 2024 || ''2 Khet (Two Farms)'' || Short film || Executive Producer
|-
| 2024 || ''You Are Early'' || Short film || Co-Producer
|}

==Awards and nominations==

=== ''2 Khet (Two Farms)'' ===
* Won Best Director (Short Film) at the South Asian International Film Festival of Florida, 2025.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sanjay Arora wins Best Director Award for 2 Khet|url=https://indiawest.com/sanjay-arora-wins-best-director-award-for-2-khet/|publisher=India West|date=2025|access-date=April 16, 2025}}</ref>

=== ''Once Upon a Time in Lahore'' ===
* Won Best Short Film and Best Actor in a Short Film at the India International Film Festival of Boston (IIFFB), 2024.
* Received Best Director, Best Post-Production, and Best Ensemble Cast awards at the FFTG Awards, New York, 2023.<ref>{{cite web|title=FFTGAwards Profile: Sanjay Arora|url=https://fftgawards.com/team-member/sanjay-arora/|publisher=FFTG Awards|access-date=April 16, 2025}}</ref>

=== ''Butterfly Wings'' ===
* Honorable Mention at the Bayou City Inspirational Film Festival (BCIFF), Houston, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=2011 Awards|url=http://bayoucityinspirational.festivalgenius.com/2011/extra|publisher=Bayou City Inspirational Film Festival|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115010334/http://bayoucityinspirational.festivalgenius.com/2011/extra|archive-date=15 November 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=18 February 2013}}</ref>
* Second Prize, Best Film at the Global Film Festival, Noida, India, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=Awards Result|url=http://www.gffn.org/result.html|publisher=Global Film Festival|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111205030949/http://www.gffn.org/result.html|archive-date=5 December 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=18 February 2013}}</ref>
* Award of Merit for Short Film at the Accolade Film Competition, USA, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Accolade Film Competition 2013 Winners|url=http://www.accoladecompetition.org/Winners-03-2013.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130728162738/http://www.accoladecompetition.org/Winners-03-2013.html|archive-date=28 July 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=28 July 2013}}</ref>

=== ''Once Again (Phir Vehi)'' ===
* Official selection at the Delhi International Film Festival, 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Arora Pitches The 'Aware Life' Through Short Film|url=http://www.weeklyvoice.com/community-news/arora-pitches-the-aware-life-through-short-film-2/|newspaper=The Weekly Voice|archive-date=18 October 2013|access-date=4 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018040546/http://www.weeklyvoice.com/community-news/arora-pitches-the-aware-life-through-short-film-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Won Third Prize at the Boomtown Film & Music Festival, Texas, 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title='Once Again' filmmaker Sanjay Arora wins accolades|url=http://canindia.com/2013/06/once-again-filmmaker-sanjay-arora-wins-accolades/|date=14 June 2013|access-date=18 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427111325/http://www.canindia.com/2013/06/once-again-filmmaker-sanjay-arora-wins-accolades/|archive-date=27 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Won Best Religious/Spiritual Film at the Great Lakes International Film Festival, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=GLIFF 2013 Winners|url=http://greatlakesfilmfest.com/2013-great-lakes-film-festival-best-of-genre-winners/|publisher=Great Lakes International Film Festival|access-date=7 October 2013|archive-date=18 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018023550/http://greatlakesfilmfest.com/2013-great-lakes-film-festival-best-of-genre-winners/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Won Best Screenplay Award at the Free Spirit Film Festival, 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Free Spirit Film Festival ends|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/free-spirit-film-festival-ends-koan-of-spring-wins-best-film-113102400782_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard|date=24 October 2013}}</ref>
* Won Silver Award – Short Film Competition at the California Film Awards, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Award Winners 2014|url=https://www.calfilmawards.com/index.php/awards-side/2014-winners|website=California Film Awards}}</ref>
* Won Royal Reel Award at the Canada International Film Festival, 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sanjay Arora's film 'Once Again' wins Royal Reel Award in Canada|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/cinema/Sanjay-Aroras-film-Once-Again-wins-Royal-Reel-Award-in-Canada/articleshow/46539027.cms|access-date=6 April 2015|publisher=Times of India|date=12 March 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=35em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.Filmmakeronline.com Official Website]
* {{IMDb name|3645057}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arora, Sanjay}}
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Haryana]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]

Taj Khatoon

2025-11-29T16:04:57Z

Joy sagar Murmu: started first data added tags

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{short description|Kashmiri empress (1400–1468)}}
{{Infobox royalty
| title =
| name = Taj Khatoon
| succession = [[List of monarchs of Kashmir|Empress consort of Kashmir]]
| reign = 1421 – 1468
| reign-type = Tenure
| house = [[Sabzevar|Baihaqi]] (by birth) [[Shah Mir dynasty|Shah Mir]] (by marriage)
| father = Sayyid Muhammad Baihaqi
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Zayn al-Abidin the Great|Zayn al-Abidin]]|1421}}
| issue = ''two daughters''
| birth_name = Sayyida Taj Baihaqi
| birth_date = {{circa|1400}}
| birth_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Kashmir Sultanate]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1468|||1400|||df=yes}}
| death_place = Srinagar, Kashmir Sultanate
| burial_place = Mazar-e-Salatin
}}
'''Taj Khatoon''' (also spelt '''Khatun'''; born '''Sayyida Taj Baihaqi'''; {{circa|1400}}–1468) was the [[List of monarchs of Kashmir|Empress consort of Kashmir]] as the wife of Sultan [[Zayn al-Abidin the Great|Zayn al-Abidin]]. She was the daughter of Sayyid Muhammad Baihaqi, a leading noble of the [[Kashmir Sultanate]] who helped Zayn al-Abidin ascend the throne in the [[Kashmir Civil War (1419–1420)|Civil War of 1419–1420]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Hasan |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3147 |title=Kashmir Under the Sultans |date=1959}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-11-14 |title=Zain-ul-Abidin, Budshah of Kashmir |url=https://kashmirreader.com/2021/11/14/zain-ul-abidin-budshah-of-kashmir/ |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Kashmir Reader |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Dalal |first=Yaghika Beniwal and Sarthak |date=2021-09-16 |title=Zain-ul-Abidin: The 'Akbar' of Kashmir |url=https://www.peepultree.world/livehistoryindia/story/people/zain-ul-abidin |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=PeepulTree |language=en}}</ref>

During the reign of her husband, Taj Khatoon was a patron of education. She donated her valuable necklace to [[Darul uloom|Madrasat-ul Ulum]], a school founded by Zayn al-Abidin in [[Sialkot]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{India-royal-stub}}

[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:1468 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian queens consort]]
[[Category:Empresses consort]]

Lusadiya railway station

2025-10-05T12:39:08Z

Joy sagar Murmu: creating entry

{{Short description|Railway station in Gujarat, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Lusadiya railway station
| system = [[Indian Railways]]
| style = Indian Railways
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address = Lusadiya, Rampur, [[Aravalli district]], [[Gujarat]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|23.68541|73.421111|display=inline}}
| line = [[Ahmedabad–Udaipur line]]
| other =
| elevation = {{convert|224|m|ft}}
| structure = Standard (on-ground station)
| platform = 2
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks = 1
| parking = Yes
| bicycle =
| opened = 1879
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = LSD
| zone = [[North Western Railway zone|North Western Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Ajmer}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = North Western Railway
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=North Western Railway zone|left=Shamlaji Road|right=Jagabor|type=[[Ahmedabad–Udaipur Line]]}}
| map_locator =
}}

'''Lusadiya railway station''' is a railway station on [[Ahmedabad–Udaipur Line]] under the [[Ajmer railway division]] of [[North Western Railway zone]]. This is situated at Lusadiya, Rampur in [[Aravalli district]] of the Indian state of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharan|first=Prabhat|title=Lusadiya Railway Station Map/Atlas NWR/North Western Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/lusadiya-lsd/6006|access-date=2021-08-09|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lusadiya Railway Station (LSD) : Station Code, Time Table, Map, Enquiry|url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/lusadiya-lsd-station|access-date=2021-08-09|website=www.ndtv.com|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1879]]
[[Category:Ajmer railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Aravalli district]]

Aj (newspaper)

2025-09-14T17:03:30Z

Joy sagar Murmu: expanded content

{{short description|Indian newspaper}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2012}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = Aj Hindi Daily
| type = Daily newspaper
| format = [[Broadsheet]]
| chief_editor = Shardul Vikram Gupta
| founded = {{Start date and age|1920|09|05|df=y}}
| language = [[Hindi]]
| headquarters = [[Varanasi]]
}}

'''''Aj''''' ({{langx|hi|आज|lit=Today|translit=Āja}}) is a [[Hindi language]] daily [[broadsheet]] newspaper in [[India]], currently published from 12 cities in the [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Uttarakhand]] states.

The main edition is published in [[Varanasi]]. The newspaper was founded by a [[freedom fighter]] named [[Shiv Prasad Gupta]]. During the days of [[Indian independence movement|Indian national freedom struggle]], ''Aj'' not only served the cause, it also helped spread the popularity of [[Hindi literature]] among [[commoners]] in Hindi heartland and non-Hindi areas as well. It was once said if one wanted to learn [[Hindi language|Hindi]], they had to "read ''Aj''".

==Overview==
This newspaper was founded by [[Shiv Prasad Gupta]] and its publication from [[Varanasi]] started on 5 September 1920. Sri Prakash was its first chief editor and Baburao Vishnu Paradkar, a noted journalist, its editor. After Sri Prakash stepped down, Paradkar became the chief editor from 1924<ref>{{cite book|last=Ninan|first=Sevanti|title=Headlines from the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere|publisher=Sage Publications|location=New Delhi|year=2007|page=51|isbn=978-81-7829-741-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNvUmKRxt9UC&q=Headlines+from+the+heartland:+reinventing+the+Hindi+public+sphere+6+September+1920&pg=PA51}}</ref> to 1954. Another noted journalist, Ramkrishna Raghunath Khadilkar, was the next chief editor from 1954 to 1959.<ref>Pandeya, Manju (2003). ''Hindi Patrakarita ko Marathibhashi Patrakaron ki Den'' (in Hindi), Mumbai:Naman Prakashan, p.53</ref> [[Kamalapati Tripathi]] also served as its chief editor. Between 1975 and 1985, six new editions of ''Aj'' were commenced from [[Kanpur]] (1975), [[Patna]] (1979), [[Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh|Gorakhpur]] (1980), [[Allahabad]], [[Agra]] and [[Ranchi]] (1984). In 1989, four new editions from [[Jamshedpur]], [[Dhanbad]], [[Lucknow]] and [[Bareilly]] were started. Presently, the editor-in-chief of the newspaper is Shardul Vikram Gupta. [[Bareilly]] edition's and [[Haldwani]] edition's General Manager is Sanjeev Krishna Tripathi. [[Haldwani]] edition was launched in 2013, with Dinesh Joshi, an eminent newspaper journalist, working as the newspapers head for the state of Uttarakhand. [[Lucknow]] edition's unit head is Harinder Singh Sahni.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Newspapers in India}}

[[Category:Hindi-language newspapers]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Varanasi]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Patna]]
[[Category:1920 establishments in India]]

{{India-newspaper-stub}}

Samta Devi

2025-08-11T09:12:07Z

Joy sagar Murmu: started some biography and citations

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Samta Devi
| image = 
| caption =
| office = Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly
| constituency = [[Barachatti Assembly constituency|Barachatti]]
| term_start = 2015
| term_end = 2020
| predecessor = Jyoti Devi
| successor = [[Jyoti Devi]]
| party = [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| birth_date = 1972
| birth_place = Bihar, India
| occupation = Politician
}}
'''Samta Devi''' (born 1972)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Samta Devi(RJD):Constituency- BARACHATTI (SC)(GAYA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/bihar2015/candidate.php?candidate_id=805 |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Bihar]]. She is a former member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Barachatti Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community in [[Gaya district]]. She last won the [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Barachatti Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/barachatti-bihar-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Barachatti Election Result 2020 Live Updates: Jyoti Devi of HAMS Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/barachatti-election-result-2020-live-updates-barachatti-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3061775.html |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Devi is from [[Barachatti]], Gaya district, Bihar. She married Naval Kishor Lal. She studied her Intermediate at Vishwanath Singh College, Sobh Barachatti and later discontinued her studies.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Devi first became an MLA from Barachatti Assembly constituency representing Rashtriya Janata Dal, winning the by election in 2003 which was caused due to the death of sitting MLA, [[Bhagwati Devi]]. In 2010, she lost to Janata Dal (United) candidate Jyoti Devi by 23,746 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Niyati |date=27 October 2020 |title=Bihar Assembly Election 2020: Will RJD emerge as a winner in Barachatti constituency again? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bihar-election/bihar-assembly-election-2020-will-rjd-emerge-as-a-winner-in-barachatti-constituency-again/story-hvpIfyM5P6DZPMvR0JPaIO.html |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> She regained the seat after 12 years, winning the [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name=":1" /> In 2015, she polled 70,909 votes and defeated her nearest rival, Sudha Devi of the [[Lok Janshakti Party]], by a margin of 19,126 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2020 |title=Barachatti Assembly constituency: Political contest between two... |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/assembly-elections/bihar-election-2020/story-gaya-district-barachatti-vidhansabha-seat-2015-vote-share-poll-percent-2020-candidates-hum-jyoti-devi-rjd-samta-devi-ljp-renuka-devi-3581314.html |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=LiveHindustan.com}}</ref> She lost the seat in the [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] to [[Jyoti Devi]] of [[Hindustani Awam Morcha]] by a margin of 6,318 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-10-16 |title=बिहार चुनाव: राजनीतिक मजबूरी, भाई को करना पड़ेगा बहन के खिलाफ चुनाव प्रचार |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/news/vijay-manjhi-is-campaigning-against-samta-devi-127819105.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805193729/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/news/vijay-manjhi-is-campaigning-against-samta-devi-127819105.html |archive-date=5 August 2021 |access-date=2025-04-10 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar Assembly Election Result 2020: Barachatti Assembly Constituency |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/election-2020/news/bihar-assembly-election-2020-constituency-wise-results/Barachatti-constituency-election-result-2020/acno228 |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Barachatti-sc Assembly Election Results 2020 Live Updates, Barachatti-sc Assembly Election Latest News & Updates |url=https://news.abplive.com/bihar-election/live-election-result-bihar-barachatti-sc-assembly-election-result-2020-228.html |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref> She polled 66,173 votes against 72,491 votes polled by Jyoti Devi.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Samta}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:People from Gaya district]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2015–2020]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Women members of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]

Chodavaram, Anakapalli district

2025-08-09T12:17:34Z

Joy sagar Murmu: put up new location more to come

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chodavaram
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = telgu
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Census town]]
| image_skyline = Entrance arch of Chodavaram Ganesh Temple.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Entrance arch of Chodavaram Ganesh Temple
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.8333|N|82.9500|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Anakapalli district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 39
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|Vehicle Registration]]
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India|AP31 (Former)]] AP39 (from 30 January 2019)<ref>{{cite news |title=New ‘AP 39’ code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/31/new-ap-39-code-to-register-vehicles-in-state-launched-1932417.html |access-date=9 June 2019 |work=The New Indian Express |date=31 January 2019 |location=Vijayawada |archive-date=28 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728113337/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/31/new-ap-39-code-to-register-vehicles-in-state-launched-1932417.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| website =
| footnotes =
| leader_title = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_name = K S N S Raju
}}
'''Chodavaram''' ({{Langx|te|చోడవరం}}; {{IPA|te|tʃoːɖawaram}}) is a [[census town|town]] in [[Anakapalli district]] in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mandal wise list of villages in Anakapalle district|url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/Anakapalle.pdf|website=Chief Commissioner of Land Administration|publisher=National Informatics Centre|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319222910/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/Visakhapatnam.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2015|format=PDF}}</ref> The town is located on the country's east coast.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/02/Chodavaram2.html Falling Rain Genomics.Chodavaram]</ref> It falls under [[Visakhapatnam Metropolitan Region Development Authority]].[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/vmrda-area-now-7-3k-sq-km-after-addition-of-13-mandals/articleshow/81657001.cms] The town has one of the largest cooperative Sugar factories in state.

==History==
The original name of the town was Chola Varam. The [[Chola dynasty]] (300 BC to 1279 AD), at that time rulers of [[Tamil Nadu]] and coastal Andhra Pradesh, founded Chola Varam as a border post en route to the [[Gajapati Kingdom|Gajapathi kingdom]] of [[Orissa, India|Orissa]].

==Demographics==

As of the census of 2011, the town's population was 20,251, composed of 9,868 males and 10,383 females. The sex ratio was 1,052; versus a state average was 993. 2,035 children were aged 0–6, comprising 10.05% of Chodavaram's population and creating a child sex ratio of approximately 951; the state average is 939.

The literacy rate in the town of Chodavaram is approximately 77.49%; the state rate is 67.02%. The town has a vast court complex headed by a senior magistrate.

==Legislative assembly==
Chodavaram is an assembly constituency. 154,712 voters were registered in the Chodavaram constituency along with Butchiyyapeta, Ravikamatham and Rolugunta, according to the 1999 elections. Chodavaram MLA constituency comes under Anakapalle parliament constituency.

'''Elected Members'''
*1951 - Kandarpa Venkataramesam (KLP)
*1955 - Reddi Jagannadham Naidu (Cong)
*1967 - Sri Vechalapu Palavelly (Cong)
*1972 - Sri Vechalapu Palavelly (Cong)
*1978 - Emani Seetha Rama Sastry (Janata Party)
*1983 - Gunuru Erri Naidu (Milatri Naidu) (TDP)
*1985 - Gunuru Erri Naidu (Milatri Naidu) (TDP)
*1989 - Balireddi Satya Rao (Cong)
*1994 - Gunuru Erri Naidu (Milatri Naidu) (TDP)
*1999 - Balireddi Satya Rao (Cong)
*2004 - Ganta Srinivasa Rao (TDP)
*2008 - Ganta Srinivasa Rao (resigned as MLA and joined in PRP)
*2009 - KSNS Raju (TDP)
*2014 - KSNS Raju (TDP)
*2019 - Karanam Dharmasri (YSRCP)
*2024 - KSNS Raju (TDP)

==Education==
[[Primary education|Primary]] and [[secondary education]] is provided by the government, aided by private schools.<ref>{{cite web|title=School Education Department|url=http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf|publisher=School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=7 November 2016|format=PDF|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227185018/http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf|archive-date=27 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Department of School Education - Official AP State Government Portal {{!}} AP State Portal|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/|website=www.ap.gov.in|access-date=7 November 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155331/http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/|archive-date=7 November 2016}}</ref> Instruction is offered in English & Telugu. There are several government primary and upper primary schools present in this town. For secondary education government high school as well as zilla parishad girl's high school are present. Government schools in this town are most popular among poor and middle-class people and they offer very good education. Important private schools include Bhashyam school, Amar school, Chalapathi, Mahathi, Sri vignan public school, Ravi Convent and Adams public school. For higher education government junior college as well as government degree college are present. There is also a government polytechnic in Chodavaram with limited facilities. Important private colleges include Ushodaya junior and degree college and Vidhyardi college. Most people prefer to study higher education such as engineering from nearby city Visakhapatnam, the colleges operate their busses to the town daily.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Anakapalli district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Anakapalli district]]

2022–23 Mumbai City FC season

2025-08-09T08:00:54Z

Joy sagar Murmu:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox football club season
| club = [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| season = [[2022–23 in Indian football|2022–23]]
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| chrtitle = President
| chairman = Khaldoon Al Mubarak
| ownertitle = Owners
| owner = {{ubl|[[City Football Group]] (65%)|[[Ranbir Kapoor]] (18%)|Bimal Parekh (17%)}}
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| manager = [[Des Buckingham]]
| stadium = [[Mumbai Football Arena]]
| league = [[Indian Super League]]
| league result = '''[[2022–23 Indian Super League|1st]]'''
| cup1 = [[2022–23 Indian Super League#Semi-finals|ISL Play-offs]]
| cup1 result = [[2023 Indian Super League playoffs|Semi-finals]]
| cup2 = [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]
| cup2 result = [[2023 Indian Super Cup|Group Stage]]
| cup3 = [[Durand Cup]]
| cup3 result = [[2022 Durand Cup|Runners-up]]
| league topscorer = [[Jorge Pereyra Díaz]] (11)
| season topscorer = [[Lallianzuala Chhangte]] (18)
| highest attendance = 6,407 (vs [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]], 8 January 2023)
| lowest attendance = 3,187 (vs [[Northeast United FC]], 19 January 2023)
| average attendance = 5071
| pattern_la1 = _adithas_goal23sb
| pattern_b1 = _pumagoal23sb
| pattern_ra1 = _pumagoal23sb
| pattern_sh1 =
| pattern_so1 =
| leftarm1 = 81C1FF
| body1 = 81C1FF
| rightarm1 = 81C1FF
| shorts1 = FFFFFF
| socks1 = 81C1FF
| pattern_la2 = _pumaultimate2122b
| pattern_b2 = _pumaultimate2122b
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| leftarm3 =
| rightarm3 =
| body3 =
| shorts3 =
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| updated = 23 October 2022
| prevseason = [[2021–22 Mumbai City FC season|2021–22]]
| nextseason = [[2023–24 Mumbai City FC season|2023–24]]
}}

The '''2022–23 season''' was the 9th season in the existence of [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City Football Club]] and their 6th season in the [[Indian football league system|top flight]] of [[Football in India|India football]].

Mumbai City FC started their campaign undefeated, with two draws and a 2-0 home win against [[Odisha FC]].<ref name= "fixture">{{cite web |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/schedule-fixtures |title=Fixtures & Results |date=October 11, 2022 |website=Indian Super League |publisher=[[Indian Super League]] |access-date=October 22, 2022}}</ref>

Mumbai City had a near-exemplary [[Durand Cup]] in their maiden campaign and became runner-ups. With two big wins, despite a draw and a defeat, they managed to qualify for the top spot in Group and then They earn hard-fought victories in the quarter-final and semi-final against [[Chennaiyin FC]] and [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan SC]] respectively to secure their first-ever spot in a Durand Cup final.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/durand-cup-2022-bengaluru-fc-and-mumbai-city-fc-lock-horns-in-the-final-for-first-silverware-of-the-season |title=Durand Cup 2022: Bengaluru FC and Mumbai City FC lock horns in the final for first silverware of the season |last=Media Team |first=ISL |date=September 18, 2022 |website=Indian Super League |publisher=[[Indian Super League]] |access-date=October 22, 2022}}</ref> They lost against [[Bengaluru FC]] in the final.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/durand-cup-2022-bengaluru-fc-edge-past-mumbai-city-fc-in-the-final-to-win-the-title |title=Durand Cup 2022: Bengaluru FC edge past Mumbai City FC in the final to win the title |last=Media Team |first=ISL |date=September 18, 2022 |website=Indian Super League |publisher=[[Indian Super League]] |access-date=October 22, 2022}}</ref>

[[Lallianzuala Chhangte]] is the club's top scorer with eighteen goals in all competitions, followed by [[Jorge Pereyra Díaz]] who has twelve goals to his name.<ref name= "goals">{{cite web |url= https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/339-138-goals-player-statistics |title=Player Stats: Goals |date=October 11, 2022 |website=Indian Super League |publisher=[[Indian Super League]] |access-date=October 22, 2022}}</ref> So far from the home league matches, the club attracted an average attendance at [[Mumbai Football Arena]] of only 5,071, an 3.2% decrease from [[2019–20 Indian Super League|2019–20 season]] {{refn|group=nb|ISL played in neutral venue for past two seasons due to COVID-19 pandemic.}}. The highest attendance recorded was 6,407 for their home match against [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]].

==Review and events==
===Preseason and Durand Cup===
After an impressive [[AFC Champions League]] campaign, Mumbai City FC strengthened their squad with the right number of signings but also by retentions from last year. They made only six changes to their Durand Cup squad from the [[AFC Champions League]] squad.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/durand-cup-2022-full-squads-of-all-hero-isl-teams-in-action |title=Durand Cup 2022: Full squads of all Hero ISL teams in action |last=Media Team |first=ISL|date=August 16, 2022 |website=Indian Super League |publisher=[[Indian Super League]] |access-date=October 22, 2022}}</ref> The Islanders made their Durand Cup debut in Group B. They had a near exemplary group stage, as they won 5-1 and 4-1 against [[Rajasthan United FC]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/durand-cup-2022-mumbai-city-fc-thump-rajasthan-united-fc-5-1-odisha-fc-extend-their-winning-streak-beat-sudeva-delhi-3-0 |title=Durand Cup 2022: Mumbai City FC thump Rajasthan United FC 5-1; Odisha FC extend their winning streak, beat Sudeva Delhi 30- |last=Media Team |first=ISL|date=August 29, 2022 |website=Indian Super League |publisher=[[Indian Super League]] |access-date=October 22, 2022}}</ref> and the [[Indian Navy (football team)|Indian Navy]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/durand-cup-2022-impressive-second-half-helps-mumbai-city-fc-get-past-indian-navy-ft-in-4-1-win |title=Durand Cup 2022: Impressive second half helps Mumbai City FC get past Indian Navy FT in 4-1 win |last=Media Team |first=ISL|date=August 18, 2022 |website=Indian Super League |publisher=[[Indian Super League]] |access-date=October 22, 2022}}</ref> respectively.

==Player Details==
{{updated|14 August 2022}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Mumbai City FC Squad|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/506-mumbai-city-fc-profile/squad |publisher=Indian Super League |access-date=2 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002202022/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/506-mumbai-city-fc-profile/squad |archive-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=1|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=[[Phurba Lachenpa]]}}
{{Fs player|no=2|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Rahul Bheke]]}}
{{Fs player|no=4|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Amey Ranawade]]}}
{{Fs player|no=5|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Mehtab Singh (footballer)|Mehtab Singh]]}}
{{Fs player|no=6|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Vikram Partap Singh Sandhu]]}}
{{Fs player|no=7|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Lallianzuala Chhangte]]|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=8|nat=ESP|pos=MF|name=[[Alberto Noguera]]|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=9|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Gurkirat Singh]]}}
{{Fs player|no=10|nat=MAR|pos=MF|name=[[Ahmed Jahouh]]}}
{{Fs player|no=13|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=[[Mohammad Nawaz (footballer)|Mohammad Nawaz]]}}
{{Fs player|no=14|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Rowllin Borges]]|other=[[Captain (association football)#Vice-captain|vice-captain]]}}
{{Fs player|no=15|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Sanjeev Stalin]]|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=16|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Vinit Rai]]|other=on loan from [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]}}
{{Fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=17|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Mandar Rao Desai]]}}
{{Fs player|no=18|nat=AUS|pos=DF|name=[[Rostyn Griffiths]]|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=22|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=[[Bhaskar Roy]]|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=23|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Vignesh Dakshinamurthy]]}}
{{Fs player|no=24|nat=SCO|pos=FW|name=[[Greg Stewart (footballer)|Greg Stewart]]|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=25|nat=SEN|pos=DF|name=[[Mourtada Fall]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]}}
{{Fs player|no=28|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Ayush Chhikara|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=29|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Bipin Singh]]}}
{{Fs player|no=30|nat=ARG|pos=FW|name=[[Jorge Pereyra Díaz]]|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=33|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Gursimrat Singh Gill]]}}
{{Fs player|no=36|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Mohammed Asif Khan|Asif Khan]]}}
{{Fs player|no=45|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Lalengmawia Ralte|Lalengmawia]]}}
{{Fs end}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=nb}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Mumbai City FC}}
{{2022–23 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2022-23 Mumbai City FC season}}
[[Category:Mumbai City FC seasons]]
[[Category:2022–23 Indian Super League season by team|Mumbai City FC]]

Chaudhary Bansi Lal University

2025-05-02T04:22:25Z

Joy sagar Murmu: put up new page needs work

{{Short description|State university in Haryana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Chaudhary Bansi Lal University
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Chaudhary Bansi Lal University logo.png
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| motto = विद्या गुरूणां गुरूः (Sanskrit)
| motto_lang =
| mottoeng =
| established = {{start date|2014}}
| closed = 
| type = [[State University, India|State university]], [[Postgraduate]]
| parent =
| affiliation =
| academic_affiliation =
| endowment =
| budget =
| rector =
| officer_in_charge =
| chairman =
| chairperson =
| chancellor = [[Governor of Haryana]]
| president =
| vice-president =
| superintendent =
| provost =
| vice_chancellor = Deepti Dharmani
| principal =
| dean =
| director =
| head_label =
| head =
| academic_staff =
| administrative_staff =
| students =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| other =
| city = [[Bhiwani]]
| state = [[Haryana]]
| province =
| postalcode = 127021
| country = [[India]]
| campus =
| language = [[English language|English]] & [[Hindi]]
| free_label =
| free =
| athletics =
| sports =
| mascot = 
| sporting_affiliations =
| website = https://cblu.ac.in/
| logo =
| footnotes =
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| religious_affiliation =
| coor = {{coord|28.799045|76.133511|type:edu_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| colors = 
| athletics_nickname = 
}}

'''Chaudhary Bansi Lal University''' ('''CBLU''') is a [[State University, India|state university]] in the city of [[Bhiwani]], [[Haryana]]. Established in 2014 the university offers [[postgraduate]] courses in various [[Discipline (academia)|disciplines]].<ref name="About University">{{Cite news |url=http://cblu.ac.in/cblu/ |title=About University |access-date=1 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003133515/http://cblu.ac.in/cblu/ |archive-date=2015-10-03 |url-status=dead |publisher=Official website }}</ref><ref name="Syllabus">{{Cite news |url=http://cblu.ac.in/cblu/index.php/academics/syllabi |title=Syllabus |access-date=1 October 2015 |publisher=Official website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925185106/http://cblu.ac.in/cblu/index.php/academics/syllabi |archive-date=25 September 2015 }}</ref><ref name="State Universities">{{Cite news |url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/State%20University/Consolidated%20List%20of%20State%20Universities%20as%20on%2011-09-2015.pdf |title=State Universities |access-date=1 October 2015 |publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)]] website |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010100016/http://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/State%20University/Consolidated%20List%20of%20State%20Universities%20as%20on%2011-09-2015.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> CBLU is to the west of Delhi at a distance of 125 km and south of Chandigarh at a distance of 285 km. MDU Rohtak is at a distance of 52 km from CBLU. The nick name of the university is Sea-Blue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cblu.ac.in/images/agenda/executive_council/ec2016/6th_EC_Meeting_final.pdf|title=Nick Name of University|last=Resolution no 14 of 6th Meeting of Executive Council}}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==History==
Chaudhary Bansi Lal University was established by [[Government of Haryana]] in 2014 under Act 25 of 2014. The University is a [[State University, India|State University]] and is recognized by the [[University Grants Commission (India)]].<ref name="State Universities" /><ref name="Information Brochure">{{Cite news |url=http://cblu.ac.in/cblu/images/prospectus462015new.pdf |title=Information Brochure |access-date=1 October 2015 |publisher=Official website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829165643/http://cblu.ac.in/cblu/images/prospectus462015new.pdf |archive-date=29 August 2015 }}</ref> The University is named after [[Bansi Lal]] who was the former Chief Minister of [[Haryana]].

==Faculties==
*Faculty of Commerce & [[Management]]
*Faculty of Education
*Faculty of [[Humanities]]
*Faculty of [[Life Science]]
*Faculty of [[Physical Science]]
*Faculty of [[Social science]]
*Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
*Faculty of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences
*Faculty of Earth, Environment and Space Sciences
*Faculty of Engineering & Technology
*Faculty of Law
*Faculty of Health System

==Affiliated colleges==
Its jurisdiction extends over 2 districts - [[Bhiwani district|Bhiwani]] and [[Charkhi Dadri district|Charkhi Dadri]].

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==External links==
* {{official|https://cblu.ac.in/}}
{{Universities in Haryana}}
{{Education in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhary Bansi Lal University}}
[[Category:Universities in Bhiwani]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in Haryana]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2014]]
[[Category:Universities in Haryana]]

Pagglait (soundtrack)

2025-04-04T11:15:29Z

Joy sagar Murmu: Starting initial article v1...

{{short description|2021 soundtrack album by Arijit Singh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}{{Use Indian English|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Pagglait
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Arijit Singh]]
| cover = Pagglait (soundtrack).jpg
| alt =
| released = 10 March 2021<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/pagglait/unzViIiJyG8_ |title=Pagglait – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |date=10 March 2021 |publisher=Jio Saavn}}</ref>
| recorded = 2020–2021
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{duration|h=1|m=33|s=43}}
| language = Hindi
| label = Oriyon Music
| producer = {{hlist|[[Arijit Singh]]|[[Sunny M.R.]]}}
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{external media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|i0y-5Sh7s28|Official Audio Jukebox}}
}}
}}
'''''Pagglait''''' is the [[soundtrack album]] composed by [[playback singer]] [[Arijit Singh]], in his debut as a [[Music Composer|music composer]].<ref name="Hungama">{{Cite web|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|date=2021-03-07|title=Arijit Singh turns music composer with Netflix's Pagglait starring Sanya Malhotra : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/arijit-singh-turns-music-composer-netflixs-pagglait-starring-sanya-malhotra/|access-date=2021-03-31|language=en}}</ref> It is the soundtrack for the 2021 [[Hindi]]-language [[black comedy film]] [[Pagglait|of the same name]] released on [[Netflix]]. Directed by Umesh Bist and produced by [[Shobha Kapoor]], [[Ekta Kapoor]], [[Guneet Monga]], Achin Jain of [[Balaji Motion Pictures]] and [[Sikhya Entertainment]], the film stars [[Sanya Malhotra]], [[Shruti Sharma (actress)|Shruti Sharma]], [[Ashutosh Rana]] and [[Raghubir Yadav]] in lead roles. Singh wrote the lyrics for some of the songs along with [[Neelesh Misra]] which had 24 tracks in total; eight original songs, two revisited and [[reprise]]d versions of three tracks, originally composed, and 12 [[instrumental]] compositions from the film's [[Film score|background score]]. The soundtrack was released through Arijit's own label Oriyon Music on 10 March 2021 to positive critical response.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Pagglait (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by Arijit Singh|date=10 March 2021|url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/pagglait-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1558064223|language=en-gb|access-date=2021-03-18}}</ref>

== Background ==
On 7 March 2021, [[Guneet Monga]] of [[Sikhya Entertainment]], one of the film's producers announced that [[playback singer]] [[Arijit Singh]] will create the tunes for the film, which will also make his debut as the music director.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-07|title=Arijit Singh to debut as music composer with Sanya Malhotra's Netflix film Pagglait |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/arijit-singh-to-debut-as-music-composer-with-sanya-malhotras-netflix-film-pagglait-9408451.html|access-date=2021-03-18|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Arijit Singh turns composer with Pagglait|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/mar/15/arijit-singh-turns-composer-with-pagglait-23344.html|access-date=2021-03-31|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=15 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Singh initially stated his entry through music direction, when he liked one of the film ''[[Haraamkhor]]'', he spoke to Guneet, who produced the film, requesting her that if she has good scripts like this, she must tell him to try his hands on music composing and was his intention to do so. When Guneet came up with the script of ''Pagglait'', he was impressed by the writing and decided to set the tunes for the film. In an interview with ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', Singh stated that "I wanted to get associated with good scripts, but I didn’t look for it that way, it came to me. I didn’t plan it. Generally, I wouldn’t give so much time to scripts. If I have given almost two years of creative time to this film, with great passion, I have understood the intricacies of the narrative".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2021-03-07|title=EXCLUSIVE {{!}} Arijit Singh all set to turn music composer with Pagglait|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/exclusive-arijit-singh-all-set-to-turn-music-composer-with-pagglait-101615524097974.html|access-date=2021-03-18|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

== Development ==
{{Quote box
| quote = "The film has a well-etched graph and I had a proper brief for every scene, I had the opportunity of emotional cut points — both high and low — and there was an ebb and flow in the dynamic of the whole album. We had clear notes of what we are going to do and that’s how we worked. We started locking the pieces and that’s how the journey went."
| source = — [[Arijit Singh]] on the musical approach of ''Pagglait'' in his interview with ''[[Telegraph India]]''<ref name="telegraph">{{Cite web|title=Arijit Singh on composing music for 'Pagglait'|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/arijit-singh-on-composing-music-for-pagglait/cid/1811659|access-date=2021-11-03|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>
| align = right
| width = 25%
}}
Singh added that the producers wanted four songs as a sample first, but he was nervous in doing so due to his attempt on composition for the first time. Hence, he asked the producers to use the original songs he composed, if they liked it [or] might communicate with other composers to produce the songs, instead he will compose the background score. However the team liked the sample songs he produced and then Arijit decided to come up with an album of 24 tracks.<ref name=":1" />

All the songs were curated during the [[COVID-19 lockdown in India]], where Arijit travelled to his native house in [[Murshidabad-Jiaganj]] block in [[West Bengal]] during his quarantine period.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Arijit Singh And Neelesh Misra Share Their Experience Of Working On Pagglait|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-arijit-singh-and-neelesh-misra-share-their-experience-of-working-on-pagglait/379127|access-date=2021-11-03|website=Outlook India|date=5 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref> He set up his music studio with the minimal instruments he kept in store. The film had the first draft of the written script and the shot script, synchronised in the same pace, which made him felt easier as "he did not need a re-work on his compositions".<ref name="telegraph" /> The album had revisited and reprised versions of the soundtrack album, in his intention to introduce new artists who are vocally talented. As the director chose all voices for the album, the composer went with multiple renditions.<ref name="telegraph" /> Prominent lyricist [[Neelesh Misra]], worked on the film's soundtrack after a four-year long break since ''[[Jagga Jasoos]]'' (2017); about the long hiatus, Misra said that "he could not connect with the entire process of lyric writing".<ref name=":3" />

The film had five female singers — [[Neeti Mohan]], [[Himani Kapoor]], [[Antara Mitra]], [[Meghna Mishra]], [[Chinmayi Sripada]], Sumana Banerjee and Jhumpa Mondal — so as to surround the character Sandhya ([[Sanya Malhotra]]). Arijit's sister Amrita Singh also sung three tracks; the title track, "Phire Faqeera" and "Pagal" — which had rap versions crooned by [[Raftaar]] and [[Raja Kumari]]. Himani Kapoor who sang the track "Thode Kam Ajnabi" and its reprised version said that she was approached by Singh during August 2020, when he announced his debut as music director in the film. She was excited, and started working on the song during September 2020 in [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-25|title=Exclusive! Singer Himani Kapoor On Collaborating With Arijit Singh For Pagglait: "He Gives The Liberty To Maintain Our Style"|url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/exclusive-singer-himani-kapoor-on-collaborating-with-arijit-singh-for-pagglait-he-gives-the-liberty-to-maintain-our-style/|access-date=2021-11-03|website=Koimoi|language=en-US}}</ref> During a live session before release, Himani stated about Arijit stated her inclusion in a hilarious manner saying "only a 'pagal' (mad) girl can sing a song for the film ''Pagglait''".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-01|title=Himani Kapoor On Her Fondest Memory With Arijit Singh: "He Said Only A Pagal Girl Can Sing A Song For Pagglait"|url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/himani-kapoor-on-her-fondest-memory-with-arijit-singh-he-said-only-a-pagal-girl-can-sing-a-song-for-pagglait/|access-date=2021-11-03|website=Koimoi|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Track listing ==
Before announcing his debut, Arijit Singh stated that the album will be dedicated to composer [[A. R. Rahman]] whom he has been guided through his approach to classical music and passion for soundscape.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Honoured to serve music: Arijit Singh turns composer with Netflix's Pagglait|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/honoured-to-serve-music-224477|access-date=2021-03-18|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref> Three days after Singh announced his debut (on 10 March 2021), he released the entire soundtrack album through music platforms, and the video of the title track, the same day.<ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Rishita Roy Chowdhury |date=March 10, 2021 |title=Pagglait title track out. Sanya Malhotra asks fans to put on their dancing shoes|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/pagglait-title-track-out-sanya-malhotra-asks-fans-to-put-on-their-dancing-shoes-1780325-2021-03-17|access-date=2022-02-04|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref> On 11 March, the soundtrack was uploaded through jukebox format in [[YouTube]].<ref name=":22">{{Citation|title=Pagglait {{!}} Full Movie Audio Jukebox {{!}} Arijit Singh {{!}} Neelesh Misra {{!}} Sanya Malhotra {{!}} Oriyon Music| date=18 March 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0y-5Sh7s28|language=en|access-date=2021-03-22}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| length18 = 6:10
| title18 = Beraho
| length17 = 8:33
| extra17 = Arijit Singh
| title17 = Choice And Decision
| length16 = 1:23
| extra16 = Arijit Singh
| title16 = Confusion
| extra15 = Arijit Singh
| extra12 = Antara Mitra, Arijit Singh
| title15 = Desire Makes Reality
| length14 = 1:16
| extra14 = Arijit Singh
| title14 = Loss Is All That Is Left
| length13 = 1:24
| extra13 = Arijit Singh
| title13 = Designs Are Movement Of Life
| note18 = Love Is Melancholic
| length12 = 3:39
| length15 = 7:36
| title22 = New Beginning
| extra24 = Arijit Singh
| title24 = On Beautiful Unknown
| length23 = 3:13
| extra23 = Arijit Singh
| title23 = Holding On To The Last Attachment
| length22 = 1:14
| extra22 = Arijit Singh
| length21 = 1:51
| title19 = A Prayer
| extra21 = Arijit Singh
| title21 = A Catalyst Thought
| length20 = 3:45
| extra20 = Arijit Singh
| title20 = Every Time When I Realise
| length19 = 1:30
| extra19 = Arijit Singh
| extra18 = Arijit Singh
| note12 = Revisited
| length6 = 3:38
| title7 = Radha's Poem
| title6 = Lamha
| length5 = 3:49
| extra5 = Amrita Singh, [[Raftaar (rapper)|Raftaar]], Arijit Singh
| title5 = Pagglait
| length4 = 3:35
| extra4 = Jhumpa Mondal
| title4 = Meera's Poem
| extra3 = [[Raja Kumari]], Amrita Singh, [[Arijit Singh]]
| title12 = Lamha
| title3 = Phire Faqeera
| length2 = 4:58
| extra2 = [[Himani Kapoor]]
| title2 = Thode Kam Ajnabi
| length1 = 5:03
| extra1 = [[Neeti Mohan]], [[Sunny M.R.]]
| title1 = Dill Udd Jaa Re
| extra6 = [[Antara Mitra]]
| total_length = {{duration|h=1|m=33|s=43}}
| length3 = 5:41
| length9 = 4:20
| length11 = 5:38
| extra11 = [[Raja Kumari]], Amrita Singh
| title11 = Pagal
| length10 = 5:01
| extra10 = Himani Kapoor, Arijit Singh
| note10 = Reprise
| title10 = Thode Kam Ajnabi
| extra9 = Sumana Banerjee
| extra7 = [[Chinmayi Sripada]]
| note9 = Reprise
| title9 = Lamha
| length8 = 5:34
| extra8 = [[Meghna Mishra]], Arijit Singh
| note8 = Revisited
| title8 = Dil Udd Ja Re
| length7 = 3:42
| length24 = 1:10
| all_writing = [[Neelesh Misra]]
| note5 = Title Track
}}

== Reception ==
Both Sankhayan Ghosh of ''[[Film Companion]]'' and Vipin Nair of ''Music Aloud'' pointed that the length of the [[soundtrack]] is more than the film's duration which is an hour and a half, as the team released the entire [[Background Score|background score]] along with the songs, which increased the number of tracks and duration. However, the reviewers praised Arijit's maiden attempt in music composition as well as releasing the album under his own label (Oriyon Music) ensuring the creative freedom on processing the album. While the former stated in his review that "Arijit is melodically gifted as a composer and his songs for ''Pagglait'' mark a return to the Hindi film melody in the age of recycled tunes. You may not love each and every track, but there’s no denying that this is an uncompromising labour of love. And there is a lot to love",<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Sankhayan|date=2021-03-10|title=Pagglait Music Review: Arijit Singh's First as a Hindi Film Composer Marks a Radical Departure from Format|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/bollywood-features/pagglait-movie-songs-review-arijit-singhs-debut-as-a-hindi-film-composer-marks-a-radical-departure-from-format-sanya-malhotra-sayani-gupta/|access-date=2021-03-22|website=Film Companion|language=en-US}}</ref> the latter added "Arijit Singh has produced the finest composing debut has been an immensely pleasurable soundtrack to listen to."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-14|title=Pagglait – Music Review (Bollywood Soundtrack)|url=https://www.musicaloud.com/2021/03/21/pagglait-music-review-bollywood-soundtrack/|access-date=2021-03-22|website=Music Aloud}}</ref>

Devarsi Ghosh of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' criticised the soundtrack's length stating that "the album could have been wrapped up in 25 minutes if [Arijit] Singh hadn’t included alternate versions of nearly every tune and thrown in the background score as well". He praised lyricist [[Neelesh Misra]] stating that "his lyrics dwell on loss when not offering hope. His choice of words is simplistic, but never [[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer [Anjaan]]]-level trite". Among all the songs he praised "Phire Faqeera" as the only great track in the album, adding that the song is a confluence of [[Hip hop music|hip-hop]], [[Rock music|rock]], and [[electronica]]. He further added that with the exception of the title track, [[Depression (mood)|melancholy]] runs through the album to various degrees".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Devarsi|title='Pagglait' music review: Singer Arijit Singh makes a solid start as a composer|url=https://scroll.in/reel/990168/pagglait-music-review-singer-arijit-singh-makes-a-solid-start-as-a-composer|access-date=2021-03-22|website=Scroll.in|date=21 March 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ghosh further listed the album in his ''Best of 2021 soundtracks'' year-ender review.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Devarsi|title=Best of 2021 soundtracks: Santhosh Narayanan, Anirudh Ravichander and Sachin-Jigar shine|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1013529/best-of-2021-soundtracks-santhosh-narayanan-anirudh-ravichander-and-sachin-jigar-shine|access-date=2022-02-04|website=Scroll.in|date=25 December 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> Joginder Tuteja of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' stated that "The album is a mix of good classical music with a touch of rock and rap. While some songs will strike a chord with you instantly, the rest will eventually grow on you."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tuteja|first=Joginder|date=2021-03-10|title=Pagglait Music Review|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/pagglait/songs/music-critic-review/|access-date=2021-11-05|website=Bollywood Hungama|language=en}}</ref>

In the film review for ''[[Firstpost]]'', critic-author [[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] stated about the music saying "The only break in ''Pagglait''’s tone comes with the song ''Phire Faqeera'' playing in the background at one point. ''Phire Faqeera'' feels over-crowded and noisy, and suffers from an [[A. R. Rahman]] hangover, without the perfect harmony that is Rahman’s signature. The title track is generic, but ''Dil Udd Ja Re'''and ''Thode Kam Ajnabi'' are pleasantly pensive albeit too similar sounding to each other. The most commendable aspect of the album is that Singh has filled it with female singers, which is unusual even for women-centred Bollywood films. Neeti Mohan is lovely, and I love the buttery-voiced Himani Kapoor who sings ''Thode Kam Ajnabi''."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-26|title=Pagglait movie review: A clear-eyed view of funeral politics and an unsparing gaze on the living|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/pagglait-movie-review-a-clear-eyed-view-of-funeral-politics-and-an-unsparing-gaze-on-the-living-9466641.html|access-date=2021-11-05|website=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref> Aishwarya Vasudevan of ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'', stated "Arijit Singh as a debutant music director has done a stupendous job and the songs deserve everyone's undivided attention."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-26|title='Pagglait' Review: Sanya Malhotra is much beyond a widow who can't cry|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/movie-reviews/review-pagglait-review-sanya-malhotra-is-much-beyond-a-widow-who-can-t-cry-in-this-thought-provoking-netflix-film-2883137|access-date=2021-11-05|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> Stating the music as its biggest asset, Vibha Maru, in her review for ''[[India Today]]'', wrote "Songs like ''Thode Kam Ajnabi'', ''Dill Udd Jaa Re'' and ''Lamha'' provides the emotional arc to the film and blends effortlessly with different sequences."<ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Vibha Maru |date=March 26, 2021 |title=Pagglait Movie Review: Sanya Malhotra film is a fitting reply to our marriage-obsessed society|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/pagglait-movie-review-sanya-malhotra-film-is-a-fitting-reply-to-our-marriage-obsessed-society-1783850-2021-03-26|access-date=2021-11-05|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

Suanshu Khurana of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' mentioned the soundtrack in his year-ender review and stated that the album "brought the old-world nostalgia". He called it as a "very intelligently crafted album with folk merging into contemporary with much finesse" and concluded "The best bit was the background score, which was absolutely charming".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-02|title=Yearender 2021: Music to the Ears|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/yearender-2021-music-to-the-ears-7700406/|access-date=2022-02-04|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> On recounting the highs and the lows of the Hindi film music, Devesh Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' had stated "Arijit's decent debut album incorporates different musical styles". Sharma (as was Ghosh) had opined that Singh had influenced the works of composers A. R. Rahman, [[Amit Trivedi]] and [[Pritam]], whom he had frequently collaborated as singer, and had incorporated in the album. He also added that "Neelesh Misra's lyrics are in sync with the bitter-sweet nature of the film".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Recounting the highs and the lows of the Hindi film music released so far|url=https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/recounting-the-highs-and-the-lows-of-the-hindi-film-music-released-so-far-51418.html|access-date=2022-02-04|website=filmfare.com|language=en}}</ref> Calling "Phire Faqeera" as one of "Bollywood's Best Songs of 2021", [[Sukanya Verma]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote: "Arijit Singh's reverence for Rahman manifests itself most strikingly in this funky, eclectic number from his debut as music director. Its existentialist lyrics by Neelesh Mishra are equally impressive."<ref>{{Cite web|last=VERMA|first=SUKANYA|title=Bollywood's BEST Songs of 2021|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/bollywoods-best-songs-of-2021/20211228.htm|access-date=2022-02-04|website=Rediff|language=en}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col"| Award
! scope="col"| Date of ceremony
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Recipient(s)
! scope="col"| Result
! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="7" |FOI Online Awards
| rowspan="7" |23 January 2022
| rowspan="2" |Best Original Song
|"Phire Faqeera"
|{{won}}
| rowspan="7" style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-15|title=7th FOI Online Awards 2022|url=https://www.foionlineawards.com/post/7thfoioa-2022-nominations-announced|access-date=2022-02-04}}</ref>
|-
|"Thode Kam Ajnabi"
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Music Direction (Songs)
| rowspan="2" |[[Arijit Singh]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Music Direction (Score)
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Playback Singer – Female
|[[Himani Kapoor]] – ("Thode Kam Ajnabi")
|{{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |Best Lyricist
|[[Neelesh Misra]] – ("Phire Faqeera")
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Neelesh Misra]] – ("Thode Kam Ajnabi")
|{{nom}}
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11142762/soundtrack/ ''Pagglait'' (soundtrack)] at [[IMDb]]
{{Arijit Singh}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:2021 soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:2020s film soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:Hindi film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Filmi soundtracks]]
[[Category:Drama film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Soundtracks by Indian artists]]

Subramani V.

2025-03-23T19:34:51Z

Joy sagar Murmu: started initial entry basic info

{{Short description|Indian kho kho player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}

'''Subramani V.''' (born 2002)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=V Subramani Profile 319 |url=https://www.ultimatekhokho.com/players/v-subramani-profile-319 |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Ultimate Kho Kho |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian kho kho player from [[Tamil Nadu]]. He plays for the [[India men's national kho kho team]] as an all-rounder.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI) - KKFI Official Website |url=https://khokhofederation.in/world-cup-team-matches/?id=2 |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Kho Kho Federation |language=en-US}}</ref> He was part of the Indian men's team that won the inaugural [[Kho Kho World Cup]] held at [[New Delhi]] in January 2025. He plays for [[Gujarat Giants (kho kho)|Gujarat Giants]] in the [[Ultimate Kho Kho]], a franchise based league tournament. In the first season, he played for [[Telugu Yoddhas|Telugu Yodhas]].<ref name=":0" />

== Early life and education ==
Subramani is from Tamil Nadu. He is the son of a lorry driver and his mother is a daily-wage labourer. He started playing at the age of 11 and he has a brother, also a kho kho player, who now works in an IT company. He is studying third year BA in Tamil.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
In January 2025, Subramani was part of the Indian team that won the inaugural Kho Kho World Cup at New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India Women's Captain Priyanka Ingle Gears Up For Kho Kho World Cup {{!}} Other Sports News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/india-womens-captain-priyanka-ingle-gears-up-for-kho-kho-world-cup-7462836 |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=NDTVSports.com |language=en}}</ref> The Indian team were placed in Group A and defeated [[Nepal men's national kho kho team|Nepal]], [[Brazil]], [[Peru]] and [[Bhutan]] in the group stages. In the quarterfinals, India defeated [[Sri Lanka men's national kho kho team|Sri Lanka]] and beat [[South Africa men's national kho kho team|South Africa]] 62-42 in the semifinals.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Feel blessed": India's Gowtham MK after reaching Kho Kho World Cup 2025 final |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/others/feel-blessed-indias-gowtham-mk-after-reaching-kho-kho-world-cup-2025-final20250119134404/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Feel Blessed': India's Gowtham MK & Sachin Bhargo Expressed There Feelings After Reaching Kho Kho World Cup 2025 Final |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/sports/feel-blessed-indias-gowtham-mk-sachin-bhargo-expressed-there-feelings-after-reaching-kho-kho-world-cup-2025-final |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramji Kashyap, V Subramani star as India crushes Sri Lanka to reach Kho Kho WC 2025 semi-finals |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/others/ramji-kashyap-v-subramani-star-as-india-crushes-sri-lanka-to-reach-kho-kho-wc-2025-semi-finals20250117223226/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref> In the finals, India defeated Nepal 54-36 to lift their maiden World Cup.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2025-01-20 |title=Kho Kho World Cup: Indian men's team crowned champion |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/kho-kho-world-cup-indian-mens-team-crowned-champion/articleshow/117382218.cms |access-date=2025-03-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:V., Subramani}}
[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kho kho players]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Tamil Nadu]]

Ramesh Korgaonkar

2024-12-31T01:32:50Z

Joy sagar Murmu: Refined content and updated sections

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ramesh Korgaonkar
| native_name = रमेश कोरगावकर
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]<ref name = BW2019/>
| term_start = 2019
| term_end = 2024
| constituency = [[Bhandup West (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhandup West]]
| office2 = Standing Committee Chairman, [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]]
| term_start2 = March 2017
| term_end2 = March 2018
| predecessor2 = [[Yashodhar Phanse]]
| successor2 =
| party = [[Shiv Sena (UBT)|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)]]
| religion =
| nationality = {{flag|India}}n
| spouse =
| website =
}}

'''Ramesh Korgaonkar''' ({{langx|mr|रमेश कोरगावकर}}) is [[Shiv Sena (UBT)|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)]] politician from [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]. He was [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] in [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] from [[Bhandup West (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhandup West Vidhan Sabha constituency]] as a member of [[Shiv Sena (UBT)|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)]].<ref name = BW2019>{{cite web|url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ACOCT2019/ConstituencywiseS13156.htm?ac=157 | title = Bhandup West Vidhan Sabha constituency result 2019}}</ref><ref name = BhandupWest >{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/bhandup-west.html | title = Sitting and previous MLAs from Bhandup West Assembly Constituency}}</ref>

==Positions held==
* 2002: Elected as corporator in Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) (1st term)
* 2007: Re-elected as corporator in Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (2nd term) <ref>{{cite news|url=http://mumbaimatters.bombayaddict.com/2007/03/bmc-elections-2007-winners.html|title=Winners List of BMC elections 2007|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-date=18 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118222543/http://mumbaimatters.bombayaddict.com/2007/03/bmc-elections-2007-winners.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 2012: Re-elected as corporator in Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (3rd term) <ref>{{cite news|url=http://go4mumbai.com/cms/2012/02/winners-list-of-bmc-elections-2012|title=Winners List of BMC elections 2012}}</ref>
* 2012: Elected as Chairman of Civil Works (suburbs) Committee Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation <ref>{{cite news|url=https://article.wn.com/view/WNAT6559ff9f989d6ccdfe914bc920f77549/|title=स्थापत्य समितीच्या अध्यक्षपदी शिवसेनेचे रमेश कोरगावकर}}</ref>
* 2017: Re-elected as corporator in Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (4th term) <ref>{{cite news|url=http://indiaongo.in/election/bmc-elections/bmc-2017-2012-results-comparison.html|title= Winners List of BMC elections 2017}}</ref>
* 2017: Elected as Standing Committee Chairman Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation <ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/marathi/maharashtra-epaper-mrashtra/sthayi+samiti+adhyakshapadi+ramesh+koragavakar+tar+shikshan+samiti+adhyakshapadi+shubhada+gudekar+yanchi+nivad-newsid-65081429|title=स्थायी समिती अध्यक्षपदी रमेश कोरगावकर तर शिक्षण समिती अध्यक्षपदी शुभदा गुडेकर}}</ref>
* 2019: Elected to Maharashtra Legislative Assembly<ref name = BW2019/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://shivsena.org/leadership/ Shivsena Home Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901163032/https://shivsena.org/leadership/ |date=1 September 2020 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Korgaonkar, Ramesh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:Shiv Sena politicians]]
[[Category:Maharashtra municipal councillors]]
[[Category:Politicians from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Shiv Sena (UBT) politicians]]

{{Maharashtra-SS-politician-stub}}

Puthambur

2024-12-02T01:18:12Z

Joy sagar Murmu: enhanced layout to improve readability and improved wording for clarity

{{Short description|Village in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Puthambur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village Panchayat]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|10.465774|N|78.845660|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[File:TamilNadu Logo.svg|22px]] [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pudukkottai district|Pudukkottai]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Village Panchayat]]
| governing_body =
| leader_title = Panchayat President
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3040
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 622501
| area_code = 04322
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = TN-55
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

''' Puthambur ''' is a [[Village panchayat]] which is located in [[Pudukkottai]] [[Taluka]] of [[Pudukkottai district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The Puthambur village has population of 3032 of which 1580 are males while 1452 are females as per Population Census 2011. [[Pudukottai Municipal Corporation]] is 10 km from this village

== Demographics ==

As per the 2001 census, Puthambur had a total population of 3040<ref>http://www.voiceofbharat.org/Village_Details.aspx?ID=553284{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
</ref> with 1517 males and 1523 females. Out of the total population 1931 people were literate.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Pudukkottai district]]

{{Pudukkottai-geo-stub}}

Hanumantha Rao

2024-08-26T20:54:59Z

Joy sagar Murmu:

'''Hanumatha Rao''' or '''Hanumantharao''' is an [[Indian name]] common among [[Telugu names|Telugu]] speakers and may refer to:
* [[C. H. Hanumantha Rao]], an Indian economist and writer, served as a member of the National Advisory Council
* [[Gundu Hanumantha Rao]], an Indian actor in Telugu cinema
* [[Madapati Hanumantha Rao]] (1885 - 1970), first Mayor of Hyderabad, India
* [[Moturu Hanumantha Rao]], a Communist party leader in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India
* [[Saluri Hanumantha Rao]] (1917–1980), a music composer of South Indian films
* [[S. N. Hanumantha Rao]] (1929-2013), a cricket umpire from India
* [[V. Hanumantha Rao]], a politician of the Indian National Congress party and a Member of Parliament
* [[Hanumantha Rao Pasupuleti]], an Indian paediatrician and social worker from Hyderabad

==See also==
*[[Hanuman (disambiguation)]]

{{disambiguation}}

[[Category:Indian given names]]

Agartala–Anand Vihar Terminal Rajdhani Express

2024-07-25T06:57:26Z

Joy sagar Murmu: brief refine formatting to improve readability and added references after review

#REDIRECT [[Agartala Tejas Rajdhani Express]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Paschimodayam

2024-04-04T04:01:28Z

Joy sagar Murmu: Starting first article and citations...

{{Short description|Malayalam magazine}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox Magazine
| image_file = Paschimodayam.jpg
| image_size =
| editor = George Frederick Muller
| firstdate = October 1847
| finaldate = August 1851
| company =
| country = India
| based =
| website =
| image =
| type =
}}

'''Paschimodayam''' was the second [[Malayalam]] [[magazine]] published in Kerala. Its first issue came out in October 1847.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raghavan |first=Puthuppally |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YRsbIJLGHocC&q=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82 |title=കേരള പത്രപ്രവർത്തന ചരിത്രം: പഠനം |date=1985 |publisher=Kēraḷa Sāhitya Akkādami |language=ml}}</ref> The owners of the journal were the Basel Mission Society.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_ZGAQAAMAAJ&q=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82 |title=Sāhityalōkaṃ |date=1990 |publisher=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |language=ml}}</ref> The structure of ''Paschimodayam'' was similar to ''[[Rajyasamacharam]]'', the first Malayalam magazine. But in addition to [[Christians|Christian]] contents, there were articles published on [[science]], [[history]], [[astronomy]], and [[geography]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=India) |first=Max Mueller Bhavan (New Delhi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lQQcAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82 |title=Yearbook - Max Mueller Bhavan |date=1977 |publisher=Max Mueller Bhavan}}</ref>

==Overview==
''Paschimodayam'' was an eight-page publication and cost two paisa. The annual subscription cost ₹ 1. It had a better appearance than ''Rajyasamacharam'' and was printed on royal octavo garb (234mm x 156mm) size paper. George Frederick Muller served as its editor and the publication is thought to have ceased by 1851.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Relations |first=Kerala (India) Department of Public |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPfkhS3vwdoC&q=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82 |title=The Press in Kerala |date=1977 |publisher=Department of Public Relations, Kerala}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Defunct Christian magazines]]
[[Category:Defunct magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1847]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1851]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language magazines]]
[[Category:Christian media in Kerala]]
[[Category:1847 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1851 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Defunct Malayalam-language newspapers]]
[[Category:Christian magazines published in India]]

Sayak Chakraborty

2024-03-06T08:48:43Z

Joy sagar Murmu: Created article

{{short description|Bengali film and television actor (born 1994)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sayak Chakraborty
| image = Sayak Chakraborty’s Smile face.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Chakraborty in February 2024
| native_name =
| other_names =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1994|09|27|df=y}}<ref name="1:toi" />
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| mother = Rekha Chakraborty<ref>{{cite web |author1=Tulika Samadder |title=‘গয়না বেচে…’, ফাদার্স ডে-র শুভেচ্ছা নিজের মাকেই জানালেন সায়ক চক্রবর্তী |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sayak-chakraborty-post-emotional-message-for-his-mother-on-fathers-day-31687095046360.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618141842/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sayak-chakraborty-post-emotional-message-for-his-mother-on-fathers-day-31687095046360.html |archive-date=2023-06-18 |language=bn |date=18 June 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| relatives = Sabyasachi Chakraborty(elder brother)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-20 |title=Actress Sushmita Roy and her family to feature in Biswanath Basu-hosted game show |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/actress-sushmita-roy-and-her-family-to-feature-in-biswanath-basu-hosted-game-show/articleshow/101975743.cms |access-date=2024-02-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
Pallavi Mukherjee(sister)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-11 |title=Pallavi Mukherjee: I travelled from Mumbai to Kolkata to surprise my brother on Rakshabandhan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pallavi-mukherjee-i-travelled-from-mumbai-to-kolkata-to-surprise-my-brother-on-rakshabandhan/articleshow/93502756.cms |access-date=2024-02-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
| website = https://sayakchakraborty.com/

[https://youtube.com/c/Letsstartvlogging Official Youtube Channel]<ref>{{cite web|title=Sayak Chakraborty: অভিনেতা থেকে ইউটিউবার! ১ মাসেই সায়কের সাবস্ক্রাইবার ৬৪ হাজার!|url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/entertainment/tollywood-movies-tollywood-actor-sayak-chakraborty-became-a-successful-youtuber-with-64k-above-subscriber-sr-642196.html|website=News18 Bangla|date=14 August 2021|language=bn}}</ref>
| signature = Sayak Chakraborty’s Signature.jpg
| known_for = ''[[Karunamoyee Rani Rashmoni]]''
| nationality = Indian<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/west-bengal-elections-2021-mallika-mazumdar-sayak-chakraborty-and-other-actors-cast-their-vote/articleshow/82002767.cms|title=West Bengal elections 2021 Mallika Mazumdar Sayak Chakraborty and other actors cast their vote|date=April 10, 2021|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
| alma_mater = Sonarpur Vidyapith
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|YouTuber|}}
| years_active = 2008–Present<ref name="be:work" />
}}
'''Sayak Chakraborty''' (born 27 September 1994)<ref name="1:toi">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/heres-how-tv-actors-sayak-chakraborty-and-indranil-chatterjee-celebrating-their-birthday/articleshow/71325978.cms|title=Here's how TV actors Sayak Chakraborty and Indranil Chatterjee are celebrating their birthday|website=The Times of India|language=en|date=27 September 2019|access-date=2020-10-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ebela.in/entertainment/actor-sayak-chakraborty-celebrates-his-birthday-with-shreema-bhattacharjee-and-sairity-banerjee-dgtl-1.681460|title=সপ্তমী তিথিতেই পড়ল সেই বিশেষ দিন, কী করলেন তিন টেলি-তারকা|trans-title=That special day fell on the seventh day, what did the three tele-stars do|website=ebela.in|language=bn}}</ref> is a Bengali [[actor]] and [[YouTuber]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bose |first=Priyanka |date=2021-08-14 |title=অভিনেতা থেকে ইউটিউবার! লাফিয়ে লাফিয়ে বাড়ছে সায়কদের সাবস্ক্রাইবার |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/actor-turns-youtuber-sayak-chakraborty-and-his-friend-s-let-s-start-getting-famous-31628933595403.html |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref> who works in [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bose |first=Priyanka |date=2022-09-25 |title=অষ্টমীতে অঞ্জলি, জমিয়ে পেটপুজো, রাত জেগে ঠাকুর দেখা! সঙ্গে ভ্লগিংও করবেন সায়ক |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sayak-chakraborty-durga-puja-2022-planing-and-memories-31664086018727.html |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref> He is known for his portrayal as [[Krishna]] in the TV serial ''Mahaprabhu Sri Chaitanya'', a mythological show, and ''[[Karunamoyee Rani Rashmoni]]''<ref name=toi:krr>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/exclusive-those-bitter-experiences-as-a-junior-artist-ignited-my-passion-to-work-hard-rani-rashmoni-actor-sayak-chakraborty/articleshow/71009720.cms|title=Exclusive – Those bitter experiences as a junior artist ignited my passion to work hard: 'Rani Rashmoni' actor Sayak Chakraborty – Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> a historical drama show which airs on Zee Bangla. He has also appeared in [[Belashuru]], a family drama film directed by [[Nandita Roy]], upcoming TV serial Mangalmayee Maa Sitala<ref>{{Cite web |title=মন্দকে ধ্বংস করতে আসছেন মা শীতলা, দৈবীশক্তির আধারে ফুটে উঠবে এক নারীর সংগ্রাম |url=https://aajkaal.in/story/7368/mangalmayee_maa_shitala_will_telecast_in_sun_bangla |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=aajkaal.in |language=en}}</ref>for [[Sun Bangla]].

== Career ==
Chakraborty performed as a junior artist, from 2006 to 2013, in various Bengali TV serials and films.<ref name="be:work">{{Cite web|url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/sayak-chakraborty-emotional-over-working-with-srabanti-chatterjee-116300/|title=সেদিন 'শ্রাবন্তীদি'র কাছে যেতে দেয়নি! ৮ বছর পরে ইচ্ছাপূরণ সায়কের|trans-title=Did not let go of 'Sravantidi' that day! After 7 years, the wish was fulfilled|language=Bengali|website=Indian Express|last1=Debnath|first1=Shanoli|date=28 June 2019}}</ref>

He is known for his portrayal as [[Krishna]] in the TV serial ''Mahaprabhu Sri Chaitanya'', a mythological show, and ''[[Karunamoyee Rani Rashmoni]]''<ref name=toi:krr/> a historical drama show which airs on Zee Bangla. He worked in 20 consecutive TV serials as supporting cast.<ref name="bengali.news18.com">{{Cite web|url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/entertainment/tollywood-movies-i-love-to-play-negative-charterer-in-screen-said-tollywood-actor-sayak-chakraborty-sr-502557.html|title='নেগেটিভ চরিত্র আমি ইচ্ছা করেই বেছে নিয়েছি', মন খুললেন 'মন্মথ'|date=15 September 2020|website=bengali.news18.com}}</ref> and ''[[The Light: Swami Vivekananda]]'' (2013). In 2020, he appeared in ''Bela Shuru'', a family drama film directed by [[Nandita Roy]]. In 2024 he has completed 12 years of his acting career.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-01|title=Video: টলিউডে ৭ বছর, স্ট্রাগল এবং অভিনয়ের কথা '৩ মিনিটে' তুলে ধরলেন সায়ক|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/video-tv-actor-sayak-chakraborty-completes-29-years-in-tollywood-shares-his-journey-and-struggle-31627786657774.html|access-date=2021-08-02|website=Hindustantimes Bangla|language=bn}}</ref>

==Filmography and television==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!scope="col"| Notes
!scope="col"| Ref.
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Faande Poriya Boga Kaande Re]]''
| junior artist on Emoner cellphone song
| [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Faande Poriya Boga Kaande Re 2011 watch online OTT Streaming of movie on Hoichoi,Disney+ Hotstar,Hungama Play |url=https://www.ottplay.com/amp/movie/phande-poriya-boga-kande-re-2011/6b20707748538 |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=www.ottplay.com}}</ref>
|-
| 2013
| ''[[The Light: Swami Vivekananda]]''
| Young Swami Vivekananda
| Tri Colour productions private limited
| <ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Nila |date=2013-07-10 |title=The Light: Swami Vivekananda – A tribute to Swamiji on his 150th Birth Anniversary |url=http://urbanasian.com/whats-happenin/2013/07/the-light-swami-vivekananda-a-tribute-to-swamiji-on-his-150th-birth-anniversary/ |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=Urban Asian |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| ''Guru Kripa''
| Pintu
| RDC media pvt ltd
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-details/guru-kripa/movieshow/61242976.cms|title=Gurukripa Movie|work=Times Of India}}</ref>
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Belashuru]]''
| Arka
| [[Windows Production]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sayak Chakraborty opens up on his cameo in Belashuru - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/sayak-chakraborty-opens-up-on-his-cameo-in-belashuru/articleshow/90285698.cms |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!scope="col"| Channel
!scope="col"| Ref.
|-
| 2013–2014
| ''[[Boyei Gelo]]''
| Chandu's brother (Ranga da)
| [[Zee Bangla]]
|
|-
|2014
|''Sadhak Bamakhyapa''
|Ramgati
| rowspan="2" |[[ETV Bangla]]
|
|-
|2014
|''Hoyto Tomari Jonyo''
|Atanu
|
|-
| 2015–2016
| ''[[Goyenda Ginni]]''
| Swarthak
| [[Zee Bangla]]
|
|-
|2015–2016
|''Aaj Aari Kal Bhab''
|Subhro
|[[Star Jalsha]]
|
|-
|2016–2017
|''Naagleela''
|Jagan
| rowspan="4" |[[Colors Bangla]]
|
|-
|2016
|''Maa Durga''
|Lord [[Lakshmana|Laxman]]
|
|-
|2017–2019
|''[[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|Mahaprabhu Shree Chaitanya]]''
|{{ubl|Lord [[Vishnu]]|Lord [[Rama]]|Lord [[Krishna]]|Lord [[Jagannath]]}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-15 |title=Bengali TV show ‘Mahaprabhu Sree Chaitanya’ to go off-air soon |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/bengali-tv-show-mahaprabhu-sree-chaitanya-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/70225538.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-04-05 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|''Ki Kore Toke Bolbo''
|Ayush
|
|-
|2018
|''Baksho Bodol''
|Rup
|[[Zee Bangla]]
|
|-
| 2019
| ''Mangalchandi''
| [[Narada]]
| [[Colors Bangla]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actor Sayak Chakraborty to play Narad in 'Mangal Chandi' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/actor-sayak-chakraborty-to-play-narad-in-mangal-chandi/articleshow/71045630.cms|access-date=2021-05-14|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2019–2020
| ''[[Karunamoyee Rani Rashmoni]]''
| Mahendra Das
| [[Zee Bangla]]
| <ref name=toi:krr />
|-
| 2018–2019
| ''[[Ami Sirajer Begum]]''
| Ashrafi
| [[Star Jalsha]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sayak Chakraborty remembers his Ami Sirajer Begum co-star, Pallavi Dey - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/sayak-chakraborty-remembers-his-ami-sirajer-begum-co-star-pallavi-dey/articleshow/91620351.cms |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2019–2020
|''Kone Bou''
|Bumba
|[[Sun Bangla]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=মন্দকে ধ্বংস করতে আসছেন মা শীতলা, দৈবীশক্তির আধারে ফুটে উঠবে এক নারীর সংগ্রাম |url=https://aajkaal.in/story/7368/mangalmayee_maa_shitala_will_telecast_in_sun_bangla |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=aajkaal.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|-
| 2019–2020
| ''[[Kapalkundala (TV series)|Kapalkundala]]''
| Ganesh (Nabakumar's brother)
| rowspan="2" | [[Star Jalsha]]
| <ref name="ht:tv">{{Cite web|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/pictures/raj-chakraborty-s-upcoming-drama-kapaldundala-to-star-soumi-and-sounak-in-lead-serial-to-replace-phagunbou-31574686725920.html|title='ফাগুন বউ' এর জায়গা নিচ্ছে 'কপালকুণ্ডলা', দেখে নিন কারা থাকছেন কোন ভূমিকায়|date=2019-11-25|website=Bangla.Hindustan Times|language=bn|access-date=2020-10-21}}</ref>
|-
|2020–2021
|''[[Mahapeeth Tarapeeth]]''
|[[Lord Krishna]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-09 |title=Sayak to play Lord Krishna in Mahapeeth Tarapith |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/sayak-to-play-lord-krishna-in-mahapeeth-tarapith/articleshow/79136200.cms |access-date=2023-04-05 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''[[Kadambini (TV series)|Kadambini]]''
|Manmatha
|[[Zee Bangla]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-09-16 |title=Kadambini actor Sayak ready to be back on sets post Covid |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/kadambini-actor-sayak-ready-to-be-back-on-sets-post-covid/articleshow/78151383.cms |access-date=2023-04-05 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''Agnisikha''
|Raktim
| [[Sun Bangla]]
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/sayak-loves-to-play-characters-with-grey-shades-heres-why-/articleshow/80424479.cms|title=Sayak loves to play characters with grey shades heres why|website=Times Of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=TV show 'Agnishikha' completes 100 episodes - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/tv-show-agnishikha-completes-100-episodes/articleshow/82403231.cms|access-date=2021-05-05|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Sanjher Baati]]''
| Garry
| [[Star Jalsha]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sayak Chakraborty joins the cast of Sanjher Bati Notun Prithibi - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/sayak-chakraborty-joins-the-cast-of-sanjher-bari-notun-prithibi/articleshow/84406097.cms|access-date=2021-07-14|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2021–2022
| ''Kanchi''
| Abhra
| [[Akash Aath]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actor Sayak Chakraborty bags a meaty role in 'Kanchi' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/actor-sayak-chakraborty-bags-a-meaty-role-in-kanchi/articleshow/85616634.cms|access-date=2021-08-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Team ‘Kanchi’ wraps up shoot on an emotional note - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/team-kanchi-wraps-up-shoot-on-an-emotional-note/articleshow/95942185.cms |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Mon Phagun]]''
| Sarthak
| rowspan="2" | [[Star Jalsha]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sayak Chakraborty joins the cast of Mon Phagun - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/sayak-chakraborty-joins-the-cast-of-mon-phagun/articleshow/91423336.cms |access-date=2022-05-10 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''Ramprasad''
|Balaram
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-05 |title='রামপ্রসাদ'-এর হাত ধরে জলসার পর্দায় ফিরছেন সায়ক, কবে থেকে শুরু হবে এই মেগা? |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/exclusive-sayak-chakraborty-bags-new-serial-will-paly-important-character-in-sabyasachi-chowdhury-starrer-ramprasad-31680670852945.html |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-07 |title='৩ মাসের অপেক্ষার ফল', 'রামপ্রসাদ'-এ অভিনয় নিয়ে অকপট সায়ক, কবে শুরু মেগা |url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/entertainment/sayak-chakraborty-back-new-serial-will-play-an-important-character-in-ramprashad-syr-1045764.html |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=News18 Bengali |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|2023– 2023
|''Shyama''
|Apu
| rowspan="2" |[[Sun Bangla]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honey- Tumpa Shyama Serial: জল্পনাই সত্যি! জুটি বাঁধছেন হানি- টুম্পা, কোন চ্যানেলে আসছে নতুন মেগা? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/honey-bafna-tumpa-ghosh-pairs-up-for-new-bengali-serial-shyama-popular-faces-of-bengali-television-mega-serial-er-khobor-soc-625936-2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|2024–Present
|''Mongolmoyee Maa Shitala''
|Lord Vishnu
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=জ্বরাসুরের হাত থেকে মানুষকে বাঁচাতে আসছে ‘মঙ্গলময়ী মা শীতলা’, মুখ্য চরিত্র কারা? |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/television/devi-shitalas-story-in-new-bengali-serial-mongolmoyee-maa-sheetala/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=sangbadpratidin |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Reality show===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders soble"
|-
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!Channel
! scope="col" | Notes
!scope="col"| Ref.
|-
| 2019
| rowspan="3"|[[Didi No. 1]]
| rowspan="3"|Participant
|
|Winner
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://newsjizz.in/19273-didi-no-1-sayak-chakraborty-and-misty-das-have-fun.html|title=Didi no 1 Sayak Chakraborty and Misty Das have fun|work=Newsjizz}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
|[[Zee Bangla]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/debangshu-bhattacharya-writes-a-poem-for-his-mother-and-recite-that-on-didi-no-1-in-front-of-rachana-banerjee/amp-31625458638320.html|title = মা-কে নিয়ে কবিতা লিখেছেন তৃণমূলের দেবাংশু, পড়ে শোনালেন 'দিদি নম্বর ১'-এ|date = 5 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2022
|
| Winner
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sayak Chakraborty and his mom participate in Rachna Banerjee-hosted ‘Didi No. 1’; the actor says 'We won the game because of Maa' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/sayak-chakraborty-and-his-mom-participate-in-rachna-banerjee-hosted-didi-no-1-the-actor-says-we-won-the-game-because-of-maa/articleshow/96126889.cms |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|[[Ghore Ghore Zee Bangla]]
|Celibrity home visit
|[[Zee Bangla]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-20 |title=Actress Sushmita Roy and her family to feature in Biswanath Basu-hosted game show |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/actress-sushmita-roy-and-her-family-to-feature-in-biswanath-basu-hosted-game-show/articleshow/101975743.cms |access-date=2023-07-21 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|}

===Music video===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!scope="col"| Notes
!scope="col"| Ref.
|-
| 2021
| Tere Bina
| Male lead
| Hindi
| <ref>{{Cite web|title='নিজেদের কিছু করতে চাই', টেলিভিশনের এক ঝাঁক তারকার তৈরি মিউজিক ভিডিও মুক্তি পেল YouTube-এ|url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/entertainment/tollywood-movies-tere-bina-a-music-video-made-by-a-bunch-of-television-stars-has-been-released-on-youtube-sr-593505.html|access-date=2021-05-05|website=News18 Bengali|date=5 May 2021|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Young TV actors come together for a music video - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/young-tv-actors-come-together-for-a-music-video/articleshow/82485031.cms|access-date=2021-05-09|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| Oliro Kotha Sune
| Male Lead
| Bengali
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/entertainment/tollywood-movies-actor-sayok-chakraborty-features-in-singer-debolinaa-nandys-oliro-kotha-shune-sr-621625.html|title = পর্দার 'দুষ্টু' ছেলে সায়ক, এ বার পছন্দের গায়িকার সঙ্গে জমিয়ে প্রেম করলেন!|date = 5 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2022
| Yaadein Zaroori Hai
| Male Lead
| Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bose|first=Priyanka|date=2022-02-13|title=Sayak Chakraborty: ভালোবাসা মানে কী সায়কের কাছে? মুক্তি পেল নতুন মিউজিক ভিডিয়ো|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/on-this-valentine-week-actor-sayak-chakraborty-s-new-music-video-released-he-open-up-about-his-valentine-s-day-planing-31644746427286.html|access-date=2022-02-14|website=Hindustantimes Bangla|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
| 2022
| Tor Adore
| Lead
| Bengali & Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tanisha and Sayak star in Mekhla Dasgupta’s music video ‘Tor Adore’ - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/tanisha-and-sayak-star-in-mekhla-dasguptas-music-video-tor-adore/articleshow/95064982.cms |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!scope="col"| Notes
!scope="col"| Ref.
|-
| 2021
| Jal{{dagger}}
| 2nd lead
| Upcoming
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=খুব শীঘ্রই ওয়েব সিরিজে হাতেখড়ি হতে চলেছে অভিনেতা সায়ক চক্রবর্তীর!|url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/entertainment/tollywood-movies-actor-sayak-chakraborty-soon-to-act-on-zee-5-web-series-sr-633681.html|access-date=2021-07-29|website=News18 Bengali|date=28 July 2021|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|Institute of Isspecial Talents
|Supporting cast
|HoiChoi
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Institute of Isspecial Talents Web Series on hoichoi For Free |url=https://www.hoichoi.tv/shows/watch-institute-of-isspecial-talents |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=hoichoi |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Result
|-
| 2021
| WOW EXCELLENCE AWARD<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-15|title=সমাজের বিভিন্ন স্তরের মানুষকে সম্মান জানিয়ে জমকালো অ্যাওয়ার্ড শো|url=https://bengali.news18.com/photogallery/kolkata/wow-excellence-award-recognises-people-from-different-sector-and-inspires-others-571332.html|access-date=2021-05-05|website=bengali.news18.com|language=bn}}</ref>
| Emerging Actor
| {{Won}}
|-
| 2022
| Bangla Hunt Award<ref>https://banglahunt.com/banglahunt-conclave-social-summit-2022-award-winning-content-creators-whole-list-nn/</ref>
| Bangla Hunt Special Award for YouTube
| {{Won}}
|}

==In the media==
Chakraborty entered [[Times Of India|Times Of India's]] Most Desirable Men of 2020 at 10th position.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-21|title=Krushal Ahuja to Sean Banerjee: Meet Times Most Desirable Men on Bengali TV 2020|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/krushal-ahuja-to-sean-banerjee-meet-times-most-desirable-men-on-bengali-tv-2020/photostory/82825753.cms|access-date=2021-05-21|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>He became a famous YouTube vlogger in Kolkata, with 500k subscribers on YouTube and 460k followers on Facebook<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actor to YouTuber! New journey of actor Sayak |url=https://www.anmnewsenglish.in/anm-p4874 |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=www.anmnewsenglish.in |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|5010467}}
* {{facebook|withlovesayak}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakraborty, Sayak}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Male actors in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Bengali male actors]]
[[Category:Bengali male television actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Bengali actors]]
[[Category:Indian actors]]
[[Category:Indian television actors]]
[[Category:Actors from Kolkata|+Male]]
[[Category:Indian male actors|Kolkata]]
[[Category:Male actors from West Bengal]]

Sun Temple, Madkhera

2024-01-07T17:10:51Z

Joy sagar Murmu: started some location more to come

{{infobox temple
| image = 0122121 9th-century Sun temple, Madkhera Tikamgarh, Madhya Pradesh 059.jpg
| location = Madkhera, [[Tikamgarh district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| deity = [[Surya]]
}}'''Sun Temple, Madkhera''' is a temple located in the village of Madkhera, in [[Tikamgarh district]], in the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=यह है मरखेड़ा का सूर्य मंदिर, पुरातत्व विभाग की अनदेखी से प्रतिमाएं हो रहीं दुर्दशा का शिकार |trans-title=This is the Sun Temple of Madkhera, the statues are falling victim to dilapidation due to neglect by the archaeological department |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/mp/chhatarpur/news/mp-news-this-is-the-sun-temple-of-mankheda-the-destruction-of-the-statues-of-the-statues-being-ignored-by-the-department-of-archeology-093005-4941771.html |website=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |language=hi}}</ref> It is listed as a [[List_of_State_Protected_Monuments_in_Madhya_Pradesh|state protected monument]].

== History ==
The temple was built during the reign of the Pratihara dynasty.<ref name="Trivedi"/>

== Description ==
It is located at the village of Madkhera, also spelt Markhera. The name of the village translates to "village of the temple", which suggests that it might have been named after this temple.<ref name="Trivedi">{{Cite book |last=Trivedi |first=R. D. |url=https://www.amazon.com/Temples-Pratihara-period-Central-Trivedi/dp/B007GAH8XY |title=Temples of the Pratihara Period in Central India |publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |year=1990 |pages=143}}</ref>

The east-facing temple is built on a plinth. It consists of a porch, ante-chamber, and sanctum. [[Dashavatara]] incarnations of [[Vishnu]] are displayed on various niches. The doorjamb of the ante-chamber contains sculptures of [[Ganga (goddess)|Ganga]] and [[Yamuna in Hinduism|Yamuna]]. The sanctum contains the idol of [[Surya]] standing over a lotus pedestal.<ref>{{cite web |last=Saxena |first=Saurabh |title=Lesser-known Surya temples in Central India |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/columns/2021/jul/28/lesser-known-surya-temples-in-central-india-2336354.html |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=2021-07-28}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|24.87014|78.78533|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Sun temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Madhya Pradesh]]

National Award for the Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities

2023-10-15T07:06:33Z

Joy sagar Murmu: creating new stub

{{Short description|Highest civilian honour for persons with disabilities in India}}
{{Infobox award
| current_awards = 
| image = Vigyan Bhawan Delhi P 20170403 093253.jpg
| caption = [[Vigyan Bhavan]], where the National Awards for the Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities are held annually
| type = National civilian
| awarded_for =
| presenter = [[File:Emblem of India.svg|20px|State Emblem of India]][[President of India]]
| former name = {{Unbulleted list
|National Award for the Welfare of the Handicapped
|National Award for the Welfare of the People with Disabilities
|National Award for the Welfare of People with Disabilities
}}
| sponsor =
| host =
| established = {{start date and age|df=yes|1969}}
| firstawarded = 1969
| lastawarded = 2023
| higher = ''None''
| date = 
| location = [[Vigyan Bhawan]], New Delhi
| country = {{flag|India}}
| year =
| year2 =
| website =[https://socialjustice.nic.in/ socialjustice.nic.in]
}}

The '''National Award for the Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities''' is an award for persons with disabilities in India, widely considered the most prominent award in said category in the country.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-12-03 |title=Navajeevan Blind Relief Centre founder bags national award |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/navajeevan-blind-relief-centre-founder-bags-national-award/article37833856.ece |access-date=2022-05-02 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |agency=PTI|date=Dec 3, 2019 |title=Delhi Metro bags national award for creating barrier-free environment for disabled {{!}} Delhi News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/delhi-metro-bags-national-award-for-creating-barrier-free-environment-for-disabled/articleshow/72354202.cms |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-03 |title=DMRC gets award for 'Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities' |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/dmrc-gets-awarded-for-empowerment-of-persons-with-disabilities-2250090.html |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-04 |title=Chandigarh: One-way traffic imposed on Sector-26 school road |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/chandigarh-one-way-traffic-imposed-on-sector-26-school-road-101638560815551.html |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Established in 1969, it has been administered by the [[Indian government]]'s [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scheme of National Award for the Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities |url=http://socialjustice.nic.in/pdf/nawardeng2012.pdf |access-date=2022-05-02 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406041304/http://socialjustice.nic.in/pdf/nawardeng2012.pdf |archive-date=6 April 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-11-28 |title=National honour for student of Pondicherry University |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/national-honour-for-student-of-pondicherry-university/article37743997.ece |access-date=2022-05-02 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=A crusader stands out, says 'much needs to be done' |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/a-crusader-stands-out-says-much-needs-to-be-done-179316 |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}
*[[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|National Award for the Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities recipients}}
*[https://disabilityaffairs.gov.in/content/page/brief-about-national-awards.php Brief About National Awards | Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities | MSJE | Government of India]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Awards established in 1969]]
[[Category:1969 establishments in India]]

{{award-stub}}
{{disability-stub}}

Kapurpur, Raebareli

2023-06-18T00:51:03Z

Joy sagar Murmu: Adding basic article added tags - done

{{other places|Kapurpur (disambiguation){{!}}Kapurpur}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kapurpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Kapūrpur
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Chhatoh block map.png
| map_caption = Map showing Kapurpur (#403) in Chhatoh CD block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.152243|N|81.505857|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Do a radial search using these coordinates here|title=Geonames Search}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 5.67
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1615
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = UP-35
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kapurpur''' is a village in [[Chhatoh]] block of [[Rae Bareli district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Rae Bareli, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=410–26 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0927_PART_A_DCHB_RAE%20BARELI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref> It is located 46 km from [[Raebareli]], the district headquarters.<ref name="Census 1981"/> As of 2011, Kapurpur has a population of 1,615 people, in 310 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It has no schools and no healthcare facilities, and it does not host a permanent market or a weekly [[haat]].<ref name="Census 2011"/> It belongs to the [[nyaya panchayat]] of Chhatoh.<ref name="Census 1991"/>

The [[1951 Census of India|1951 census]] recorded Kapurpur (as "Kapoorpur") as comprising 4 hamlets, with a total population of 570 people (273 male and 297 female), in 127 households and 115 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1951">{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1951: District Census Handbook Uttar Pradesh (42 - Rae Bareli District) |date=1955 |location=Allahabad |pages=162–3 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/933/1/23644_1951_RAE.pdf |access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 591 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1951"/> 10 residents were literate (8 male and 2 female).<ref name="Census 1951"/> The village was listed as belonging to the [[pargana]] of [[Rokha]] and the [[thana]] of [[Nasirabad, Raebareli|Nasirabad]].<ref name="Census 1951"/>

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Kapurpur as comprising 3 hamlets, with a total population of 624 people (297 male and 327 female), in 143 households and 142 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (39 - Raebareli District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=cii-ciii of section "Salon Tahsil" |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1047/1/22852_1961_RAE.pdf |access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 591 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1961"/>

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Kapurpur (as "Kapoorpur") as having a population of 853 people, in 230 households, and having an area of 237.15 [[hectare]]s.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Rae Bareli |date=1982 |pages=206–7 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1298/1/50861_1981_RAE.pdf |access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref> The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.<ref name="Census 1981"/>

The [[1991 Census of India|1991 census]] recorded Kapurpur (as "Kapoorpur") as having a total population of 982 people (484 male and 498 female), in 228 households and 228 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1991">{{cite book |title=Census 1991 Series-25 Uttar Pradesh Part-XII B Village & Townwise Primary Census Abstract District Census Handbook District Raebareli |date=1992 |pages=xxiv-xxviii, 254–5 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1443/1/36846_1991_RAE.pdf |access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was listed as 237 hectares.<ref name="Census 1991"/> Members of the 0-6 age group numbered 182, or 18.5% of the total; this group was 52% male (95) and 48% female (87).<ref name="Census 1991"/> Members of [[scheduled castes]] made up 50.2% of the village's population, while no members of [[scheduled tribes]] were recorded.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The [[literacy rate]] of the village was 15% (128 men and 18 women).<ref name="Census 1991"/> 254 people were classified as main workers (240 men and 14 women), while 0 people were classified as marginal workers; the remaining 728 residents were non-workers.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The breakdown of main workers by employment category was as follows: 123 cultivators (i.e. people who owned or leased their own land); 118 agricultural labourers (i.e. people who worked someone else's land in return for payment); 3 workers in livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting, plantations, orchards, etc.; 0 in mining and quarrying; 6 household industry workers; 0 workers employed in other [[manufacturing]], processing, service, and repair roles; 0 [[construction worker]]s; 0 employed in trade and commerce; 0 employed in transport, storage, and communications; and 4 in other services.<ref name="Census 1991"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Raebareli district}}

[[Category:Villages in Raebareli district]]

Madhya Pradesh State Highway 27

2022-12-31T20:50:39Z

Joy sagar Murmu: Article enhanced with better details

#REDIRECT [[State Highway 27 (Madhya Pradesh)]]

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