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List of Netflix original programming

2026-06-01T13:55:23Z

JovitaMcClinton: creating first stub more to come

{{Short description|none}}
{{About|current and upcoming original series and related specials on Netflix|ended programming|List of ended Netflix original programming|other Netflix content|List of Netflix original stand-up comedy specials|and|Lists of Netflix original films|and|Lists of Netflix exclusive international distribution programming}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2026}}
[[File:Netflix 2015 logo.svg|right|200px]]

[[Netflix]] is an American global streaming-on-demand media provider that since 2007 has distributed many original [[streaming television]] shows, including original series, specials, miniseries, documentaries and films. Netflix's original productions also include continuations of canceled series from other networks, as well as licensing or co-producing content from international broadcasters for exclusive broadcast in other territories, which are also branded in those regions as Netflix original content. Netflix previously produced content through [[Red Envelope Entertainment]]. The company has since increased its original content. All programming is in English unless stated otherwise, is organized by its primary genre or format, and is sorted by premiere date. These shows had their original production commissioned by Netflix, or had additional seasons commissioned by Netflix.


== Drama ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Status
|-
| ''[[Virgin River (TV series)|Virgin River]]''
| [[Romantic drama]]
| December 6, 2019
| {{sort|774|7 seasons, 74 episodes}}
| {{sort|39|39–54 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Virgin River'' Gets Early Season 8 Renewal, Becomes Netflix's Longest-Running Scripted Series|url=https://deadline.com/2025/07/virgin-river-renewed-season-8-netflix-longest-running-series-1236453725/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=July 10, 2025|access-date=July 10, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[The Witcher (TV series)|The Witcher]]''
| [[Fantasy]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]]
| December 20, 2019
| {{sort|432|4 seasons, 32 episodes}}
| {{sort|47|47–67 min}}
| Final season due to premiere in 2026<ref name="2026 slate">{{cite web|last=White|first=Peter|title=Netflix 2026 TV Slate: New Seasons of ''The Gentlemen'', ''Outer Banks'' & ''The Hunting Wives'' Plus 3 Shows From The Duffer Brothers|url=https://deadline.com/2026/01/netflix-2026-series-slate-bridgerton-beef-hunting-wives-1236664875/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=January 7, 2026|access-date=January 7, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|title=''The Witcher'' Renewed For 5th & Final Season At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2024/04/the-witcher-renewed-canceled-end-season-5-1235889124/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=April 18, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Outer Banks (TV series)|Outer Banks]]''
| [[Coming-of-age story|Coming-of-age]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]]
| April 15, 2020
| {{sort|440|4 seasons, 40 episodes}}
| {{sort|40|40–85 min}}
| Final season due to premiere in 2026<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Outer Banks'' Ups Duo To Series Regulars, Confirms 2026 Return As Season 5 Starts Production & First-Look Photo Hints At New Pogues Dynamic|url=https://deadline.com/2025/06/outer-banks-season-5-cast-first-look-photos-premiere-year-1236438447/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=June 20, 2025|access-date=June 20, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Outer Banks'' Renewed For Fifth & Final Season Ahead Of Season 4 Part 2 Debut On Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2024/11/outer-banks-renewed-season-5-no-season-6-1236164521/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=November 4, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sweet Magnolias]]''
| [[Romantic drama]]
| May 19, 2020
| {{sort|440|4 seasons, 40 episodes}}
| {{sort|43|43–54 min}}
| Season 5 due to premiere on June 11, 2026<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Sweet Magnolias'' Sets Season 5 Premiere Date On Netflix; First-Look Photo Teases New York Adventure For Maddie, Dana Sue & Helen|url=https://deadline.com/2026/01/sweet-magnolias-season-5-premiere-date-netflix-photo-ny-1236666219/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=January 7, 2026|access-date=January 7, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Sweet Magnolias'' Renewed For Season 5 By Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/04/sweet-magnolias-renewed-season-5-netflix-1236375153/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=April 23, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kings of Jo'Burg]]''
| [[Fantasy television|Fantasy]] [[crime drama]]
| December 4, 2020
| {{sort|321|3 seasons, 21 episodes}}
| {{sort|37|37–68 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Bridgerton]]''
| [[Alternate history|Alternate historical]] [[Romance novel|romance]]
| December 25, 2020
| {{sort|432|4 seasons, 32 episodes}}
| {{sort|52|52–73 min}}
| Renewed for seasons 5–6<ref name="Bridgerton">{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Bridgerton'' Renewed For Seasons 5 & 6; Season 4 2026 Premiere Confirmed, Sneak Peek Released|url=https://deadline.com/2025/05/bridgerton-renewed-seasons-5-6-season-4-teaser-netflix-1236397610/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=May 14, 2025|access-date=May 14, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ginny & Georgia]]''
| [[Coming-of-age story|Coming-of-age]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]]
| February 24, 2021
| {{sort|330|3 seasons, 30 episodes}}
| {{sort|52|52–68 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last1=Andreeva|first1=Nellie|last2=Cordero|first2=Rosy|title=''Ginny & Georgia'' Renewed For Seasons 3 & 4; Sarah Glinski Joins As New Showrunner|url=https://deadline.com/2023/05/ginny-georgia-renewed-seasons-3-and-4-sarah-glinski-showrunner-1235370587/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=May 17, 2023}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[The Lincoln Lawyer (TV series)|The Lincoln Lawyer]]''
| [[Legal thriller]]
| May 13, 2022
| {{sort|440|4 seasons, 40 episodes}}
| {{sort|43|43–57 min}}
| Renewed for final season<ref>{{cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|date=January 28, 2026|title=''The Lincoln Lawyer'' Books Early Season 5 Renewal|url=https://deadline.com/2026/01/the-lincoln-lawyer-season-5-renewal-1236700322/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=January 28, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=May 13, 2026|title=''The Lincoln Lawyer'' To End With Season 5; Tricia Helfer & Nate Corddry Among 6 New Cast Additions|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/the-lincoln-lawyer-canceled-final-season-5-tricia-helfer-1236901974/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=May 13, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[The Night Agent]]''
| [[Political thriller]]
| March 23, 2023
| {{sort|330|3 seasons, 30 episodes}}
| {{sort|45|45–56 min}}
| Renewed for final season<ref>{{cite web|last=Maglio|first=Tony|title=''The Night Agent'' Renewed at Netflix for Season 4|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/the-night-agent-renewed-season-4-los-angeles-netflix-1236523542/|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=March 6, 2026|access-date=March 6, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Otterson|first=Joe|title=''The Night Agent'' to End With Season 4 at Netflix|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/news/night-agent-final-season-4-netflix-1236736829/|website=Variety|date=May 4, 2026|access-date=May 4, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[The Diplomat (American TV series)|The Diplomat]]''
| [[Political thriller]]
| April 20, 2023
| {{sort|322|3 seasons, 22 episodes}}
| {{sort|41|41–56 min}}
| Season 4 due to premiere in 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|title=''The Diplomat'' Renewed For Season 4 At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/05/the-diplomat-renewed-season-4-netflix-1236397623/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=May 14, 2025|access-date=May 14, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''Fatal Seduction''
| [[Thriller (genre)#Television|Thriller]]
| July 7, 2023
| {{sort|335|3 seasons, 35 episodes}}
| {{sort|26|26–35 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[My Life with the Walter Boys]]''
| [[Romantic drama]]
| December 7, 2023
| {{sort|220|2 seasons, 20 episodes}}
| {{sort|38|38–56 min}}
| Season 3 due to premiere in 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Gomez|first=Dessi|title=''My Life With The Walter Boys'' Renewed For Season 3 At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/05/my-life-with-the-walter-boys-season-3-renewal-netflix-1236396399/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=May 14, 2025|access-date=May 14, 2025}}</ref> Renewed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/news/my-life-with-the-walter-boys-renewed-season-4-netflix-1236747397/|title=''My Life With the Walter Boys'' Scores Early Season 4 Renewal at Netflix|website=Variety|first=Selome|last=Hailu|date=May 13, 2026|access-date=May 13, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[3 Body Problem (TV series)|3 Body Problem]]''
| [[Science fiction on television|Science fiction]]
| March 21, 2024
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|44|44–63 min}}
| Season 2 due to premiere in 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/><ref name="3BP S2-3"/> Renewed<ref name="3BP S2-3">{{Cite web|last=Bitran|first=Tara|title=''3 Body Problem'' Will Return For Seasons 2 and 3|url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/3-body-problem-renewed|website=[[Tudum]]|date=May 31, 2024|access-date=June 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601015648/https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/3-body-problem-renewed|archive-date=June 1, 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Supacell]]''
| [[Superhero fiction|Superhero]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]]
| June 27, 2024
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|46|46–59 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last=Otterson|first=Joe|title=''Supacell'' Renewed for Season 2 at Netflix|url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/supacell-renewed-season-2-netflix-1236105156/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=August 13, 2024|access-date=January 30, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Beauty in Black (TV series)|Beauty in Black]]''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| October 24, 2024
| {{sort|232|2 seasons, 32 episodes}}
| {{sort|42|42–57 min}}
| Renewed for final season<ref name="Beauty in Black finale">{{cite web|last=Shanfeld|first=Ethan|title=Tyler Perry's ''Beauty in Black'' Renewed for Third and Final Season at Netflix|url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/tyler-perry-beauty-in-black-ending-season-3-1236605993/|website=Variety|date=December 11, 2025|access-date=December 11, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Black Doves]]''
| [[Thriller (genre)#Television|Thriller]]
| December 5, 2024
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|52|52–56 min}}
| Season 2 due to premiere in 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Warner|first=Sam|title=Sarah Lancashire's London-set Netflix spy show ''Black Doves'' renewed for season 2|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a61934785/black-doves-netflix-season-2-renewed/|website=[[Digital Spy]]|date=August 21, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ransom Canyon (TV series)|Ransom Canyon]]''
| [[Romantic film|Romance]] [[Western film|Western]]
| April 17, 2025
| {{sort|110|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|40|40–52 min}}
| Season 2 due to premiere on July 23, 2026<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2026/04/ransom-canyon-season-2-release-date-first-look-photos-1236875239/|title=''Ransom Canyon'' Season 2 Gets Premiere Date & First-Look Photos|website=Deadline Hollywood|first=Dessi|last=Gomez|date=April 29, 2026|access-date=April 29, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Ransom Canyon'' Renewed For Season 2 By Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/06/ransom-canyon-renewed-season-2-netflix-josh-duhamel-1236440660/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 24, 2025|access-date=June 24, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Forever (2025 TV series)|Forever]]''
| [[Teen drama]]
| May 8, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|43|43–52 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last=Gomez|first=Dessi|title=''Forever'' Renewed For Season 2 At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/05/netflix-renews-forever-season-2-1236397749/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=May 14, 2025|access-date=May 14, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bet (TV series)|Bet]]''
| [[Thriller film|Thriller]]
| May 15, 2025
| {{sort|110|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|30|30–38 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2025/06/bet-renewed-second-season-netflix-1236440180/|title=''Bet'' Renewed For Second Season By Netflix|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Lynette|last=Rice|date=June 24, 2025|access-date=June 24, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Dept. Q]]''
| [[Crime thriller]]
| May 29, 2025
| {{sort|109|1 season, 9 episodes}}
| {{sort|42|42–71 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2025/08/dept-q-renewed-season-2-netflix-matthew-goode-1236490850/|title=''Dept. Q'' Renewed For Season 2 By Netflix|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Lynette|last=Rice|date=August 18, 2025|access-date=August 18, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Untamed (TV series)|Untamed]]''
| [[Crime drama]]
| July 17, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|42|42–51 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite tweet|author=Netflix|user=netflix|number=1950189569053249990|title=''Untamed'', starring Eric Bana, has been renewed for Season 2! Season 1, following a National Park Service special agent working to enforce human law inside Yosemite's vast wilderness, is now playing.}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[House of Guinness]]''
| [[Historical drama]]
| September 25, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|44|44–55 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Bad Influencer (TV series)|Bad Influencer]]''
| [[Crime drama]]
| October 31, 2025
| {{sort|107|1 season, 7 episodes}}
| {{sort|43|43–51 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Agatha Christie's Seven Dials]]''
| [[Mystery fiction|Mystery]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]]
| January 15, 2026
| {{sort|103|1 season, 3 episodes}}
| {{sort|52|52–56 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Finding Her Edge]]''
| [[Sports film|Sports]] [[teen drama]]
| January 22, 2026
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|40|40–49 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hailu|first=Selome|date=February 3, 2026|title=''Finding Her Edge'' Renewed for Season 2 at Netflix|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/news/finding-her-edge-season-2-netflix-1236651210/|access-date=February 3, 2026|website=Variety}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Something Very Bad Is Going to Happen]]''
| [[Horror film|Horror]]
| March 26, 2026
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|40|40–59 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Unchosen]]''
| [[Psychological thriller]]
| April 21, 2026
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|40|40–49 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Man on Fire (TV series)|Man on Fire]]''
| [[Action thriller]]
| April 30, 2026
| {{sort|107|1 season, 7 episodes}}
| {{sort|42|42–59 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Legends (2026 TV series)|Legends]]''
| [[Crime drama]]
| May 7, 2026
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|48|48–74 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Nemesis (2026 TV series)|Nemesis]]''
| [[Action film|Action]] [[heist film|heist]]
| May 14, 2026
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|56|56–63 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[The Boroughs]]''
| [[Science fiction on television|Science fiction]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]]
| May 21, 2026
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|40|40–55 min}}
| Pending
|-
! data-sort-value="zzz" colspan="6" | Awaiting release
|-
| ''The Witness''<ref>{{cite web|last=Yossman|first=K.J.|title=''This Town''{{'}}s Jordan Bolger, ''Invasion''{{'}}s Max Fincham Set to Lead Netflix Drama ''The Witness'' About Aftermath of Rachel Nickell's Murder (Exclusive)|url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/global/jordan-bolger-max-fincham-netflix-drama-the-witness-rachel-nickell-1236234454/|website=Variety|date=December 4, 2024|access-date=December 6, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Crime drama]]
| June 4, 2026<ref>{{cite web|last=Sarrubba|first=Sarah|title=Netflix drama about the "unimaginable tragedy" of Rachel Nickell gets first look and release date|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a71147081/netflix-the-witness-rachel-nickell-trailer-release/|website=Digital Spy|date=April 28, 2026|access-date=April 28, 2026}}</ref>
| {{sort|003|3 episodes}}
| TBA
| Miniseries
|-
| ''[[I Will Find You (miniseries)|I Will Find You]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Shanfeld|first=Ethan|date=November 26, 2024|title=Netflix Sets Next Harlan Coben Series ''I Will Find You,'' Taps Showrunner Robert Hull (Exclusive)|url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/harlan-coben-i-will-find-you-show-netflix-1236223696/|access-date=November 26, 2024|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref>
| [[Crime drama]]
| June 18, 2026<ref>{{cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|title=Sam Worthington-Led ''I Will Find You'' Sets Netflix Release Date; Unveils Teaser & First-Look Photos|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/sam-worthington-i-will-find-you-release-date-trailer-photos-1236883770/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 7, 2026|access-date=May 7, 2026}}</ref>
| {{sort|008|8 episodes}}
| TBA
| Miniseries
|-
| ''[[Little House on the Prairie (2026 TV series)|Little House on the Prairie]]''<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rice|first1=Lynette|last2=Andreeva|first2=Nellie|title=''Little House On The Prairie'' Reboot Ordered By Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/01/little-house-on-the-prairie-reboot-netflix-1236271613/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=January 29, 2025|access-date=January 29, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Western (genre)|Western]] [[historical drama]]
| July 9, 2026<ref name="LHOTP"/>
| TBA
| TBA
| Renewed<ref name="LHOTP">{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/netflix-little-house-on-the-prairie-renewed-season-2-1236520652/|title=''Little House on the Prairie'' Reboot Scores Early Season 2 Renewal at Netflix|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=March 3, 2026|access-date=March 3, 2026|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref>
|}

== Comedy ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Status
|-
| ''[[Emily in Paris]]''
| [[Comedy drama]]
| October 2, 2020
| {{sort|550|5 seasons, 50 episodes}}
| {{sort|24|24–46 min}}
| Final season due to premiere in 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Goodfellow|first=Melanie|title=''Emily in Paris'' Renewed for Season 6 at Netflix|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/news/emily-in-paris-season-6-renewal-netflix-1236623844/ |access-date=January 5, 2026|website=Variety|date=January 5, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Emily In Paris'' To End With Season 6 On Netflix, Production Starts In Greece|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/emily-in-paris-end-final-season-6-production-start-greece-1236917792/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 21, 2026|access-date=May 21, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Wednesday (TV series)|Wednesday]]''
| [[Comedy horror]]
| November 23, 2022
| {{sort|216|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|47|47–69 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last=Hibberd|first=James|date=July 23, 2025|title=Netflix Renews ''Wednesday'' for Season 3, Eyes Spinoff|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-features/jenna-ortega-tim-burton-wednesday-season-two-interview-1236325035/|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|access-date=July 23, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Beef (TV series)|Beef]]''
| [[Comedy drama]] [[anthology]]
| April 6, 2023
| {{sort|218|2 seasons, 18 episodes}}
| {{sort|30|30–54 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[XO, Kitty]]''
| [[Romantic comedy|Romantic]] [[comedy drama]]
| May 18, 2023
| {{sort|326|3 seasons, 26 episodes}}
| {{sort|24|24–35 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Survival of the Thickest]]''
| [[Comedy drama]]
| July 13, 2023
| {{sort|216|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|24|24–28 min}}
| Final season due to premiere on July 2, 2026<ref>{{cite web|last=Gomez|first=Dessi|title=''Survival of the Thickest'' Season 3 Sets Premiere Date At Netflix With First-Look Photos & Teaser Trailer|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/survival-of-the-thickest-season-3-release-date-photos-1236878197/|website=DEadline Hollywood|date=May 7, 2026|access-date=May 7, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|title=''Survival Of The Thickest'' Renewed For Third & Final Season At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/05/survival-of-the-thickest-renewed-final-season-3-netflix-1236397607/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=May 14, 2025|access-date=May 14, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[The Gentlemen (2024 TV series)|The Gentlemen]]''
| [[Action comedy film|Action comedy]]
| March 7, 2024
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|41|41–67 min}}
| Season 2 due to premiere in 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Yossman|first=K. J.|title=Guy Ritchie's ''The Gentlemen'' Renewed for Season 2 at Netflix|url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/guy-ritchie-the-gentlemen-season-2-theo-james-netflix-1236102867/|website=Variety|date=August 14, 2024|access-date=August 14, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Tires (TV series)|Tires]]''
| [[Television comedy|Workplace comedy]]
| May 23, 2024
| {{sort|218|2 seasons, 18 episodes}}
| {{sort|18|18–31 min}}
| Season 3 due to premiere on August 13, 2026<ref>{{cite press release|title=Shane Gillis' ''Tires'' Races Back to Netflix with Season 3 on August 13, 2026|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/05/06/shane-gillis-tires-races-back-to-netflix-with-season-3-on-august-13-2026-114015/20260506netflix04/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=May 7, 2026|access-date=May 7, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Otterson|first=Joe|title=Shane Gillis Comedy ''Tires'' Renewed for Season 3 at Netflix|url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/shane-gillis-tires-renewed-season-3-netflix-1236445194/|website=Variety|date=July 1, 2025|access-date=July 1, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Nobody Wants This]]''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| September 26, 2024
| {{sort|220|2 seasons, 20 episodes}}
| {{sort|21|21–31 min}}
| Season 3 due to premiere in 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2025/11/nobody-wants-this-renewed-season-netflix-1236606209/|title=''Nobody Wants This'' Renewed For Season 3 By Netflix|website=Deadline Hollywood|first=Nellie|last=Andreeva|date=November 4, 2025|access-date=November 4, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[A Man on the Inside]]''
| [[Crime film|Crime]] [[Television comedy|comedy]]
| November 21, 2024
| {{sort|216|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|27|27–38 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2026/02/a-man-on-the-inside-renewed-season-3-netflix-ted-danson-1236706867/|title=''A Man On The Inside'' Renewed For Season 3 By Netflix|website=Deadline Hollywood|first=Nellie|last=Andreeva|date=February 3, 2026|access-date=February 3, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Running Point]]''
| [[Sports comedy]]
| February 27, 2025
| {{sort|220|2 seasons, 20 episodes}}
| {{sort|25|25–34 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|title=''Running Point'' Renewed For Season 3 At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/running-point-renewed-season-3-netflix-1236901575/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 13, 2026|access-date=May 13, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[The Four Seasons (TV series)|The Four Seasons]]''
| [[Romantic comedy]]
| May 1, 2025
| {{sort|216|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|27|27–35 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Bad Thoughts]]''
| [[Dark comedy]]
| May 13, 2025
| {{sort|212|2 seasons, 12 episodes}}
| {{sort|17|17–22 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Miss Governor]]''
| [[Political drama|Political]] [[sitcom]]
| May 22, 2025
| {{sort|116|1 season, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|24|24–34 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Leanne (TV series)|Leanne]]''
| [[Sitcom]]
| July 31, 2025
| {{sort|116|1 season, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|18|18–24 min}}
| Season 2 due to premiere in 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2025/09/leanne-renewed-netflix-season-2-leanne-morgan-chuck-lorre-1236512001/|title=Leanne Morgan & Chuck Lorre Comedy ''Leanne'' Renewed For Season 2 By Netflix|work=Deadline Hollywood|first=Nellie|last=Andreeva|date=September 8, 2025|access-date=September 8, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Son of a Donkey]]''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| October 30, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|21|21–28 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Man vs. Baby]]''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| December 11, 2025
| {{sort|104|1 season, 4 episodes}}
| {{sort|24|24–37 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Free Bert]]''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| January 22, 2026
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|23|23–30 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last=Maglio|first=Tony|title=Bert Kreischer's Netflix Sitcom ''Free Bert'' Renewed for Season 2|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/bert-kreischer-free-bert-renewed-season-2-netflix-1236534451/|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=March 16, 2026|access-date=March 16, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[How to Get to Heaven from Belfast]]''
| [[Comedy drama]]
| February 12, 2026
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|46|46–57 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Big Mistakes]]''
| [[Crime film|Crime]] [[Television comedy|comedy]]
| April 9, 2026
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|31|31–37 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last=Campione|first=Katie|title=''Big Mistakes'' Renewed For Season 2 At Netflix; Dan Levy Signs First-Look Series Deal With Streamer|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/big-mistakes-renewed-season-2-netflix-dan-levy-tv-deal-1236901565/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 13, 2026|access-date=May 13, 2026}}</ref>
|-
! data-sort-value="zzz" colspan="6" | Awaiting release
|-
| ''[[The Hawk (TV series)|The Hawk]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|date=May 15, 2024|title=Will Ferrell Sets Netflix Comedy Series ''GOLF'' With Ramy Youssef & Josh Rabinowitz|url=https://deadline.com/2024/05/will-ferrell-sets-netflix-comedy-series-golf-with-ramy-youssef-josh-rabinowitz-1235917488/|access-date=May 15, 2024|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Porter|first=Rick|title=Will Ferrell's Netflix Golf Comedy Gets Summer Premiere|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/will-ferrell-netflix-golf-comedy-the-hawk-summer-premiere-1236527003/|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=March 11, 2026|access-date=March 11, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Sports comedy]]
| July 16, 2026<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/will-ferrell-netflix-golf-the-hawk-release-date-teaser-trailer-1236749345/|title=Will Ferrell's Golf Comedy ''The Hawk'' Release Date, Teaser & Photos|first=Denise|last=Petski|date=May 13, 2026|website=Deadline Hollywood|access-date=May 13, 2026}}</ref>
| {{sort|110|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{tableTBA}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[A Different World#Sequel|A Different World]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Otterson|first=Joe|title=''A Different World'' Sequel Picked Up to Series at Netflix|url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/a-different-world-sequel-series-netflix-hillman-1236574088/|website=Variety|date=November 10, 2025|access-date=November 10, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| September 24, 2026<ref>{{cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|title=''A Different World'' Sets Series Premiere Date On Netflix With Special Nods To The Original|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/a-different-world-netflix-series-premiere-date-1236929822/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 29, 2026|access-date=May 29, 2026}}</ref>
| {{sort|110|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|30|30 min}}
| Pending
|}

== Kids & family ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Status
|-
| ''[[One Piece (2023 TV series)|One Piece]]''
| [[Action-adventure film|Action-adventure]]
| August 31, 2023
| {{sort|216|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|49|49–66 min}}
| Season 3 due to premiere in 2027<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/news/latest/2026/4/7/one-piece-live-action-season-3-2027-premiere|title=Live-Action ''One Piece'' Season 3 Confirmed for 2027 Release|last=Harding|first=Daryl|website=Crunchyroll|date=April 7, 2026|access-date=April 8, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Avatar: The Last Airbender (2024 TV series)|Avatar: The Last Airbender]]''
| [[Fantasy film|Fantasy]]
| February 22, 2024
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|47|47–63 min}}
| Season 2 due to premiere on June 25, 2026<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' Live-Action Series Gets Season 2 Premiere Date On Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2026/03/avatar-the-last-airbender-season-2-premiere-date-netflix-1236769665/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=March 31, 2026|access-date=March 31, 2026}}</ref><ref name="Avatar renewed"/> Renewed for final season<ref name="Avatar renewed">{{cite web|title=''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' Renewed For Two Seasons At Netflix; Live-Action Series Will Conclude With Season 3|url=https://deadline.com/2024/03/avatar-the-last-airbender-renewed-netflix-end-season-3-1235847043/|last=White|first=Peter|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=March 6, 2024|access-date=March 6, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Geek Girl (TV series)|Geek Girl]]''
| [[Teen drama]]
| May 30, 2024
| {{sort|110|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|28|28–37 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=April 30, 2025|title=''Geek Girl'' Renewed For Season 2 By Netflix After Delay|url=https://deadline.com/2025/04/geek-girl-renewed-season-2-netflix-1236380477/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=April 30, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Blippi|Blippi's]] Job Show''
| [[Educational television|Educational]]
| April 7, 2025
| {{sort|220|2 seasons, 20 episodes}}
| {{sort|17|17–21 min}}
| Pending
|-

|}

== Animation ==
=== Adult animation ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Language
! Status
|-
| ''[[Blue Eye Samurai]]''
| [[Action film|Action]]
| November 3, 2023
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|35|35–62 min}}
| English
| Renewed<ref>{{cite video|author=Netflix|title=Blue Eye Samurai {{!}} Season 2 Official Announcement {{!}} Netflix|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gk2cmXcJJTI|via=YouTube|date=December 11, 2023|access-date=December 11, 2023}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Devil May Cry (TV series)|Devil May Cry]]''
| [[Dark fantasy]] [[Action fiction|action]]
| April 3, 2025
| {{sort|216|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|21|21–39 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Long Story Short (TV series)|Long Story Short]]''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| August 22, 2025
| {{sort|110|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|25|25 min}}
| English
| Season 2 due to premiere in 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Maglio|first=Tony|title=''Long Story Short'' From ''BoJack Horseman'' Creator Lands Season 2 Renewal Ahead of Series Premiere|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/long-story-short-renewed-season-2-trailer-bojack-horseman-1236334808/|website=Hollywood Reporter|date=July 31, 2025|access-date=July 31, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Haunted Hotel]]''
| [[Horror comedy]]
| September 19, 2025
| {{sort|110|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|24|24–25 min}}
| English
| Renewed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2025/09/netflix-extends-its-haunted-hotel-stay-with-season-2-pick-up/|title=Netflix Extends Its ''Haunted Hotel'' Stay with Season 2 Pick-Up|work=[[Animation Magazine]]|first=Mercedes|last=Milligan|date=September 26, 2025|access-date=September 26, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kurukshetra: The Great War of Mahabharata]]''
| [[Epic film|Epic]] [[mythology]] [[action fiction|action adventure]]
| October 10, 2025
| {{sort|118|1 season, 18 episodes}}
| {{sort|27|27–31 min}}
| Hindi
| Pending
|-
| ''Mating Season''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| May 22, 2026
| {{sort|110|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|26|26–27 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
! data-sort-value="zzz" colspan="7" | Awaiting release
|-
| ''Alley Cats''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Goldbart|first=Max|title=Ricky Gervais Returning To Adult Animation With Netflix Series ''Alley Cats''|url=https://deadline.com/2025/09/ricky-gervais-alley-cats-netflix-series-1236528484/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=September 11, 2025|access-date=September 11, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| August 7, 2026<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2026/05/netflix-animation-sets-supersized-sneak-peek-schedule-for-annecy-festival/|title=Netflix Animation Sets Supersized Sneak Peek Schedule for Annecy Festival|last=Milligan|first=Mercedes|website=[[Animation Magazine]]|date=May 6, 2026|access-date=May 6, 2026|quote="Audiences will also get an early look at two episodes ahead of its debut on Netflix on Friday, August 7."}}</ref>
| TBA
| TBA
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''Bass x Machina''<ref>{{cite web|last=Milligan|first=Mercedes|title=Netflix Announces Adult Animated Steampunk Series ''Bass X Machina''|url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2026/02/netflix-announces-adult-animated-steampunk-series-bass-x-machina/|website=[[Animation Magazine]]|date=February 17, 2026|access-date=February 17, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Steampunk]] [[Westerns on television|Western]]
| October 6, 2026
| TBA
| TBA
| English
| Pending
|}

=== Anime ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Language
! Status
|-
| ''[[Record of Ragnarok]]''
| [[Action fiction|Action]]
| June 17, 2021
| {{sort|342|3 seasons, 42 episodes}}
| {{sort|23|23–26 min}}
| Japanese
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Pokémon Concierge]]''
| [[Stop-motion]] [[fantasy]]
| December 28, 2023
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|14|14–22 min}}
| Japanese
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Leviathan (TV series)|Leviathan]]''
| [[Alternate history]]
| July 10, 2025
| {{sort|112|1 season, 12 episodes}}
| {{sort|22|22–29 min}}
| Japanese
| Pending
|-
| ''[[My Melody & Kuromi]]''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| July 24, 2025
| {{sort|112|1 season, 12 episodes}}
| {{sort|11|11–17 min}}
| Japanese
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Splinter Cell: Deathwatch]]''
| [[Action film|Action]]
| October 14, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|20|20–27 min}}
| English
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last=Vejvoda|first=Jim|date=October 15, 2025|title=''Splinter Cell: Deathwatch'' Renewed for Season 2 - IGN Fall Fan Fest 2025|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/splinter-cell-deathwatch-renewed-for-season-2-ign-fall-fan-fest-2025|website=IGN|access-date=October 15, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Love Through a Prism]]''
| [[Historical romance]]
| January 15, 2026
| {{sort|120|1 season, 20 episodes}}
| {{sort|22|22–40 min}}
| Japanese
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Baki the Grappler|Baki-Dou: The Invincible Samurai]]''
| [[Martial arts]]
| February 26, 2026
| {{sort|113|1 part, 13 episodes}}
| {{sort|22|22–26 min}}
| Japanese
| Part 2 due to premiere on June 18, 2026<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2026-05-27/baki-dou-the-invincible-samurai-anime-debuts-part-2-on-netflix-on-june-18/.237881|title=''BAKI-DOU: The Invincible Samurai'' Anime Debuts Part 2 on Netflix on June 18|last=Tai|first=Anita|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 27, 2026|date=May 27, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Dandelion (manga)|Dandelion]]''
| [[Supernatural drama|Supernatural]] [[television comedy|comedy]]
| April 16, 2026
| {{sort|107|1 season, 7 episodes}}
| {{sort|23|23–38 min}}
| Japanese
| Pending
|}

=== Kids & family ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Language
! Status
|-
| ''[[Trash Truck (TV series)|Trash Truck]]''
| [[Preschool]]
| November 10, 2020
| {{sort|228|2 seasons, 28 episodes}}
| {{sort|10|10–17 min}}
| English
| Renewed<ref name="AM26 K&F">{{cite web|url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2026/04/netflix-kids-expands-with-new-returning-series-and-playground-app/|title=Netflix Kids Expands with New & Returning Series and 'Playground' App|last=Milligan|first=Mercedes|website=[[Animation Magazine]]|access-date=April 6, 2026|date=April 6, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Gabby's Dollhouse]]''
| [[Preschool]] [[adventure film|adventure]] [[fantasy]]
| January 5, 2021
| {{sort|1386|13 seasons, 86 episodes}}
| {{sort|23|23–30 min}}
| English
| Renewed through episode 100 (final)<ref>{{cite web|last=Sancton|first=Julian|title=''Gabby's Dollhouse'' Conquered Netflix. Then the Toy Market. Next up, the Big Screen.|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-features/gabbys-dollhouse-interview-big-screen-plans-1235973385/|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=August 15, 2024|access-date=February 3, 2025}}</ref><ref name="preschool2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/netflix-cocomelon-lane-trailer-hot-wheels-wizard-of-oz-series-1235600751/|title=Netflix Announces Hot Wheels, ''Wizard of Oz'' and Universal Monsters-Inspired Preschool Series, Sets ''CoComelon Lane'' Premiere (Exclusive)|last=White|first=Abbey|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=September 28, 2023|access-date=September 28, 2023}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[The Creature Cases]]''
| [[Preschool]] [[Action film|action]] [[Television comedy|comedy]]
| April 12, 2022
| {{sort|749|7 chapters, 59 episodes}}
| {{sort|16|16–29 min}}
| English
| Renewed<ref name="AM26 K&F"/>
|-
| ''[[Cocomelon Lane]]''
| [[Preschool]] [[musical film|musical]]
| November 17, 2023
| {{sort|728|7 seasons, 28 episodes}}
| {{sort|17|17–34 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Barbie Mysteries]]''
| [[adventure film|Adventure]] [[television comedy|comedy]]
| November 1, 2024
| {{sort|216|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|21|21–26 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''Dr. Seuss's Red Fish, Blue Fish''
| [[Preschool television series|Preschool]]
| September 8, 2025
| {{sort|210|2 seasons, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|23|23–31 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''Dr. Seuss's Horton!''
| [[Preschool television series|Preschool]]
| October 6, 2025
| {{sort|213|2 seasons, 13 episodes}}
| {{sort|23|23–25 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[The Bad Guys: The Series]]''
| [[Heist film|Heist]] [[Television comedy|comedy]]
| November 6, 2025
| {{sort|219|2 seasons, 19 episodes}}
| {{sort|24|24–25 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Unicorn Academy]]: Secrets Revealed''
| [[Fantasy]] [[Action adventure film|action-adventure]]
| March 19, 2026
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|25|25–26 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Stranger Things: Tales from '85]]''
| [[Science fiction on television|Science fiction]] [[Horror fiction|horror]]
| April 23, 2026
| {{sort|110|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|27|27–32 min}}
| English
| Renewed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/stranger-things-tales-from-85-renewed-season-2-netflix-1236579311/|title=''Stranger Things: Tales From '85'' Renewed for Season 2 at Netflix — Showrunner Eric Nobles Teases What's Ahead (Exclusive)|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Abbey|last=White|date=April 28, 2026|access-date=April 28, 2026}}</ref>
|-
! data-sort-value="zzz" colspan="7" | Awaiting release
|-
| ''Lego One Piece''<ref>{{cite web|last=Rahman|first=Abid|title=Netflix Expands ''One Piece'' Universe With Lego Special; Provides Update on Season 3, Wit Studio Anime Series|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/netflix-one-piece-lego-wit-studio-anime-season-3-1236557191/|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 7, 2026|access-date=April 10, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Fantasy]] [[Action adventure film|action-adventure]]
| September 29, 2026
| {{sort|002|2 episodes}}
| TBA
| English
| Miniseries
|}

== Non-English language scripted ==
These shows are created by Netflix and are spoken entirely or almost entirely in a non-English language. Most have the option of watching with English [[subtitles]] and [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dub]].

=== Dutch ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Status
|-
| ''Roosters''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| February 28, 2025
| {{sort|214|2 seasons, 14 episodes}}
| {{sort|29|29–35 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Football Parents]]''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| May 16, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|27|27–32 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite tweet|language=nl|author=Netflix NL|user=NetflixNL|number=1932331900468695526|title=Hey kanjers! Goed nieuws. Seizoen 2 van ''Voetbalouders'' komt eraan!! 😍}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Amsterdam Empire]]''
| [[Crime drama]]
| October 30, 2025
| {{sort|107|1 season, 7 episodes}}
| {{sort|40|40–52 min}}
| Pending
|-

|}

=== French ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Status
|-
| ''[[Lupin (French TV series)|Lupin]]''
| [[Crime drama]]
| January 8, 2021
| {{sort|317|3 parts, 17 episodes}}
| {{sort|42|42–56 min}}
| Part 4 due to premiere in late 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Szalai|first=Georg|title=Gaumont TV President Talks End of Peak TV, Warns: "If We Don't Own the IP, We Lose Our Identity"|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=June 17, 2025|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/gaumont-tv-president-conecta-fiction-peak-tv-ip-identity-1236292816/}}</ref>
|-
| ''Blood Coast''
| [[Crime drama]]
| December 6, 2023
| {{sort|212|2 seasons, 12 episodes}}
| {{sort|44|44–57 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last=Azeem|first=Safwan|title=Netflix Decides the Fate of Its Criminally Underrated Action Thriller Series|url=https://collider.com/netflix-underrated-action-thriller-series-blood-coast-season-3-renewed/|website=Collider|date=January 9, 2026|access-date=January 19, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Furies (TV series)|Furies]]''
| [[Action film|Action]]
| March 1, 2024
| {{sort|214|2 seasons, 14 episodes}}
| {{sort|39|39–52 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''The Cage''
| [[Sports drama]]
| November 8, 2024
| {{sort|105|1 season, 5 episodes}}
| {{sort|42|42–65 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite tweet|language=fr|title=Le combat continue. ''La Cage'', saison 2 confirmée!|user=NetflixFR|number=1859990333863440520|author=Netflix France}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Under a Dark Sun]]''
| [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]
| July 9, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|41|41–57 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Young Millionaires]]''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| August 13, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|30|30–35 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Néro the Assassin]]''
| [[Historical drama]]
| October 8, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|46|46–57 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Cash Queens''
| [[Crime thriller]]
| February 5, 2026
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|35|35–55 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Bandi''
| [[Crime thriller]]
| April 9, 2026
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|51|51–63 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Flunked''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| April 23, 2026
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|26|26–35 min}}
| Pending
|-

|}

=== German ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Status
|-
| ''[[The Empress (TV series)|The Empress]]''
| [[Historical drama]]
| September 29, 2022
| {{sort|212|2 seasons, 12 episodes}}
| {{sort|47|47–63 min}}
| Final season due to premiere in late 2026<ref name="Germany 2026">{{cite press release|title=What Next? Netflix Presents the Latest German-Speaking Series, Films and Non-Fiction Highlights, Live in Berlin|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/01/28/what-next-netflix-presents-the-latest-german-speaking-series-films-and-non-fction-highlights-live-in-berlin-719120/20260128netflix07/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=January 28, 2026|access-date=January 29, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/the-empress-or-season-3-of-the-global-hit-series-announced|title=''The Empress'' {{!}} Season 3 of the Global Hit Series Announced|website=About Netflix|date=January 27, 2025|access-date=January 27, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Crooks (TV series)|Crooks]]''
| [[Crime drama]]
| April 4, 2024
| {{sort|214|2 seasons, 14 episodes}}
| {{sort|39|39–66 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Murder Mindfully]]''
| [[Dark comedy]]
| October 31, 2024
| {{sort|216|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|28|28–38 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Dudes''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| October 2, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|33|33–38 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Unfamiliar''
| [[Crime drama]]
| February 5, 2026
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|49|49–58 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Crap Happens''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| February 26, 2026
| {{sort|109|1 season, 9 episodes}}
| {{sort|33|33–37 min}}
| Pending
|-

|}

=== Hindi ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Status
|-
| ''[[Delhi Crime]]''
| [[Police procedural]]
| March 22, 2019
| {{sort|318|3 seasons, 18 episodes}}
| {{sort|36|36–64 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Mismatched]]''
| [[Romantic comedy]]
| November 20, 2020
| {{sort|322|3 seasons, 22 episodes}}
| {{sort|28|28–44 min}}
| Final season due to premiere in 2026<ref name="India 2026"/><ref>{{cite tweet|author=Netflix India|user=NetflixIndia|number=1927628407229059091|title=We've cried, we've screamed, we've shipped. Let's meet for a cold coffee non-date, one last time? ❤️‍🩹 ''Mismatched'' Season 4 is coming soon, only on Netflix. #MismatchedS4OnNetflix}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Yeh Kaali Kaali Ankhein]]''
| [[Romantic thriller]]
| January 14, 2022
| {{sort|214|2 seasons, 14 episodes}}
| {{sort|31|31–51 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite press release|title=Video: ''Yeh Kaali Kaali Ankhein'' - Season 3 Coming Soon - Netflix India|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/video/2024/12/10/video-yeh-kaali-kaali-ankhein-season-3-coming-soon-netflix-india-829410/20241210netflix06/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=December 11, 2024|access-date=December 13, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Rana Naidu]]''
| [[Crime drama]]
| March 10, 2023
| {{sort|218|2 seasons, 18 episodes}}
| {{sort|31|31–53 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Guns & Gulaabs]]''
| [[Crime comedy|Crime]] [[comedy thriller]]
| August 18, 2023
| {{sort|107|1 season, 7 episodes}}
| {{sort|44|44–81 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite news|date=December 28, 2023|title=Raj and DK's ''Guns & Gulaabs'' renewed for Season 2|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/raj-and-dks-guns-gulaabs-renewed-for-season-2/article67682786.ece|access-date=February 15, 2024|work=The Hindu}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Maamla Legal Hai]]''
| [[Legal drama|Legal]] [[comedy drama]]
| March 1, 2024
| {{sort|216|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|27|27–42 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Heeramandi|Heeramandi: The Diamond Bazaar]]''
| [[Family drama]]
| May 1, 2024
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|46|46–67 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite news|last=Ramachandran|first=Naman|url=https://variety.com/2024/global/news/sanjay-leela-bhansali-heeramandi-season-2-netflix-1236022762/|title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali Hit ''Heeramandi: The Diamond Bazaar'' Renewed for Season 2 by Netflix|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=June 3, 2024|date=June 2, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Black Warrant (TV series)|Black Warrant]]''
| [[Crime drama]]
| January 10, 2025
| {{sort|107|1 season, 7 episodes}}
| {{sort|38|38–50 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite tweet|author=Netflix India|user=NetflixIndia|number=1927598208391197181|title=Welcome to Season 2, Jailer sahab 🫡 ''Black Warrant'' Season 2 is coming soon, only on Netflix. #BlackWarrantS2OnNetflix}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[The Royals (2025 TV series)|The Royals]]''
| [[Romantic comedy]]
| May 9, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|39|39–48 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite tweet|author=Netflix India|user=NetflixIndia|number=1927583109932818524|title=Old money, new blood and a new season is in the works 👑🐎 ''The Royals'' Season 2 is coming soon, only on Netflix. #TheRoyalS2OnNetflix}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mandala Murders]]''
| [[Crime drama]]
| July 25, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|32|32–49 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Saare Jahan Se Accha: The Silent Guardians]]''
| [[Crime drama]]
| August 13, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|31|31–46 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[The Ba***ds of Bollywood]]''
| [[Comedy drama]]
| September 18, 2025
| {{sort|107|1 season, 7 episodes}}
| {{sort|39|39–56 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Single Papa]]''
| [[Comedy film|Comedy]]
| December 12, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|32|32–45 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Taskaree|Taskaree: The Smuggler's Web]]''
| [[Crime drama]]
| January 13, 2026
| {{sort|107|1 season, 7 episodes}}
| {{sort|38|38–58 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Hello Bachhon''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| March 6, 2026
| {{sort|105|1 season, 5 episodes}}
| {{sort|44|44–55 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Glory''
| [[Sports drama]]
| May 1, 2026
| {{sort|107|1 season, 7 episodes}}
| {{sort|47|47–60 min}}
| Pending
|-

|}

=== Indonesian ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Status
|-
| ''[[Ratu Ratu Queens: The Series]]''
| [[Comedy drama]]
| September 12, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|37|37–51 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Made with Love''
| [[Romantic comedy]]
| April 15, 2026
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|30|30–37 min}}
| Pending
|-
! colspan="6" data-sort-value="zzz" | Awaiting release
|-
| ''Night Shift for Cuties''<ref name="Indonesia 2026">{{cite press release|title=The Variety, Voices, and Vision Shaping What's Next on Netflix Indonesia in 2026|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/next-on-netflix-indonesia-2026|website=About Netflix|date=January 15, 2026|access-date=January 15, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| June 4, 2026<ref name="June 2026"/>
| TBA
| TBA
| Pending
|}

=== Italian ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Status
|-
| ''[[My Family (Italian TV series)|My Family]]''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| February 19, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|41|41–51 min}}
| Season 2 due to premiere on June 10, 2026<ref>{{cite press release|title=Video: The Trailer for the Second Season of ''My Family'' Only on Netflix June 10|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/video/2026/05/13/video-the-trailer-for-the-second-season-of-my-family-only-on-netflix-june-10-129015/20260513netflix02/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=May 13, 2026|access-date=May 13, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|author=Netflix Italia|title=Le emozioni non sono ancora finite. ''Storia della mia famiglia'' tornerà con una seconda stagione ❤️|user=NetflixIT|number=1901951718126190985|language=it}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Real Men (Italian TV series)|Real Men]]''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| May 21, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|27|27–37 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite tweet|language=it|title=Stagione 2. Ebbene sì, avete capito benissimo. ''Maschi Veri'' è stata rinnovata per una seconda stagione!|author=Netflix Italia|user=NetflixIT|number=1933464364687798518}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sara: Woman in the Shadows]]''
| [[Crime drama]]
| June 3, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|49|49–58 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Riv4lries]]''
| [[Teen drama]]
| October 1, 2025
| {{sort|114|1 season, 14 episodes}}
| {{sort|35|35 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Motorvalley]]''
| [[Sports drama]]
| February 10, 2026
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|42|42–49 min}}
| Pending
|-

|}

=== Japanese ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Status
|-
| ''Glass Heart''
| [[Music drama]]
| July 31, 2025
| {{sort|110|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|33|33–54 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Romantics Anonymous (TV series)|Romantics Anonymous]]''
| [[Romantic comedy]]
| October 16, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|39|39–57 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Last Samurai Standing (TV series)|Last Samurai Standing]]''
| [[Historical drama]]
| November 13, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|47|47–58 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last=Ramachandran|first=Naman|title=''Last Samurai Standing'' Renewed for Season 2 at Netflix|url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/last-samurai-standing-season-2-netflix-1236611766/|website=Variety|date=December 18, 2025|access-date=December 18, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kujō no Taizai#Live-action series|Sins of Kujo]]''
| [[Crime thriller]]/[[Legal drama]]
| April 2, 2026
| {{sort|110|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|39|39–69 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Straight to Hell''
| [[Biopic]]/[[Crime drama]]
| April 27, 2026
| {{sort|109|1 season, 9 episodes}}
| {{sort|46|46–65 min}}
| Pending
|-
! data-sort-value="zzz" colspan="6" | Awaiting release
|-
| ''[[Viral Hit]]''<ref name="Japan 2026"/>
| [[Action film|Action]]/[[Martial arts film|Martial arts]] [[teen drama]]
| June 11, 2026<ref>{{cite web|last=Cho|first=Wonhee|title=Netflix Unveils Main Trailer for Webtoon-Based Live-Action Series ''Viral Hit''|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2026-05-08/netflix-unveils-main-trailer-for-webtoon-based-live-action-series-viral-hit/.237173|website=Anime News Network|date=May 8, 2026|access-date=May 8, 2026}}</ref>
| TBA
| TBA
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Human Vapor]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Ramachandran|first=Naman|title=''Godzilla vs. Kong'' Star Oguri Shun, ''Rurouni Kenshin'' Actor Aoi Yu to Lead Netflix-Toho Series Reboot of Classic Film ''Human Vapor''|url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/asia/godzilla-vs-kong-oguri-shun-rurouni-kenshin-aoi-yu-netflix-toho-human-vapor-1236098418/|website=Variety|date=August 7, 2024|access-date=August 8, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Science fiction on television|Science fiction]] [[Horror fiction|horror]]
| July 2, 2026<ref>{{cite press release|title=Video: ''Human Vapor'' - Official Teaser - Netflix|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/video/2026/05/12/video-human-vapor-official-teaser-netflix-13224/20260512netflix05/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=May 12, 2026|access-date=May 12, 2026}}</ref>
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| TBA
| Pending
|}

=== Korean ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Status
|-
| ''[[All of Us Are Dead]]''
| [[Zombie apocalypse]] [[horror thriller]]
| January 28, 2022
| {{sort|112|1 season, 12 episodes}}
| {{sort|53|53–71 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=017_tQvH3_w|title=All of Us Are Dead {{!}} Season 2 Announcement {{!}} Netflix|author=Netflix|date=June 6, 2022|via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release|last=Pozirekides|first=Troy|title=''All of Us Are Dead'' Will Bite Back in Season 2|url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/all-of-us-are-dead-season-2-renewed|website=Netflix Tudum|date=July 22, 2025|access-date=December 3, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bloodhounds (TV series)|Bloodhounds]]''
| [[Action drama]]
| June 9, 2023
| {{sort|215|2 seasons, 15 episodes}}
| {{sort|49|49–75 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Genie, Make a Wish]]''
| [[Romantic comedy|Romantic]] [[fantasy comedy]]
| October 3, 2025
| {{sort|113|1 season, 13 episodes}}
| {{sort|54|54–62 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[The Price of Confession]]''
| [[Mystery fiction|Mystery]] [[Thriller (genre)#Television|thriller]]
| December 5, 2025
| {{sort|112|1 season, 12 episodes}}
| {{sort|46|46–60 min}}
| Pending
|-
! data-sort-value="zzz" colspan="6" | Awaiting release
|-
| ''[[Teach You a Lesson]]''<ref>{{cite press release|title=Netflix Series ''True Lessons'' (WT) Begins Production, Introducing a Refreshing Take on Education|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/true-lessons-wt-production|website=About Netflix|date=March 20, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Action drama|Action]] [[school drama]]
| June 5, 2026<ref>{{cite press release|title=Video: ''Teach You a Lesson'' - Official Teaser - Netflix|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/video/2026/05/06/video-teach-you-a-lesson-official-teaser-netflix-414011/20260506netflix03/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=May 7, 2026|access-date=May 7, 2026}}</ref>
| TBA
| TBA
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Notes from the Last Row]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Merican|first=Sara|title=Netflix Unveils K-Drama ''Notes From The Last Row'' Starring Choi Min-sik, Choi Hyun-wook & Huh Joon-ho|url=https://deadline.com/2025/05/netflix-unveils-korean-drama-notes-from-the-last-row-choi-min-sik-choi-hyun-wook-huh-joon-ho-1236412250/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=May 28, 2025|access-date=May 29, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Suspense fiction|Suspense]] [[psychological drama]]
| June 26, 2026<ref>{{cite press release|title=Gripping Suspense Drama Series ''Notes from the Last Row'' Premieres June 26|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/suspense-drama-series-notes-from-the-last-row-premieres-june-26|website=Abet Netflix|date=May 28, 2026|access-date=May 28, 2026}}</ref>
| TBA
| TBA
| Pending
|}

=== Mandarin ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Status
|-
| ''[[The Resurrected (TV series)|The Resurrected]]''
| [[Revenge drama|Revenge]] [[crime thriller]]
| October 9, 2025
| {{sort|109|1 season, 9 episodes}}
| {{sort|46|46–69 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Had I Not Seen the Sun]]''
| [[Coming-of-age story|Coming-of age]] [[romantic thriller]]
| November 13, 2025
| {{sort|220|2 parts, 20 episodes}}
| {{sort|50|50–69 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Million-Follower Detective]]''
| [[Crime thriller]]
| February 12, 2026
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|43|43–50 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Agent from Above]]''
| [[Action fantasy]]
| April 2, 2026
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|37|37–45 min}}
| Pending
|-

|}

=== Polish ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Status
|-
| ''[[1670 (TV series)|1670]]''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| December 13, 2023
| {{sort|216|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|29|29–44 min}}
| Season 3 due to premiere in 2026<ref>{{cite tweet|author=Netflix Polska|language=pl|user=NetflixPL|number=1906966361965806070|title=Jak się powiedziało dwa, to trzeba powiedzieć... Co jest po dwa? 3. sezon Serial ''1670'' oficjalnie potwierdzony! Premiera w 2026.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=March 6, 2024|title=Netflix zamówił drugi sezon serialu ''1670''. Kiedy premiera?|url=https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/netflix-drugi-sezon-serial-1670-premiera-co-sie-wydarzy-bartlomiej-topa-jan-pawel-adamczycha|access-date=March 8, 2024|website=Wirtualnemedia|language=pl}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Go Ahead, Brother]]''
| [[Crime drama]]
| October 30, 2024
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|52|52–62 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 15, 2026|title=''Idź przodem, bracie'': Netflix ogłasza 2. sezon polskiego hitu. Co o nim wiemy?|url=https://www.filmweb.pl/news/%22Id%C5%BA+przodem%2C+bracie%22%3A+Netflix+og%C5%82asza+2.+sezon+polskiego+hitu.+Co+o+nim+wiemy-166062|access-date=April 16, 2026|website=Filmweb|language=pl}}</ref>
|-
| ''The Mothers of Penguins''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| November 13, 2024
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|43|43–58 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite tweet|author=Netflix Polska|language=pl|title=Pamiętaj słowa ''Matki Pingwinów'' powrócą z 2. sezonem.|user=NetflixPL|number=1926941383035687011}}</ref>
|-
| ''Aniela''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| June 11, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|40|40–51 min}}
| Pending
|-

|}

=== Portuguese ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Status
|-
| ''Criminal Code''
| [[Crime drama]]
| November 14, 2023
| {{sort|216|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|47|47–63 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last=Clarke|first=Stewart|title=Netflix Renews Brazilian Crime Hit ''Criminal Code'' For Season 3|url=https://deadline.com/2025/07/netflix-criminal-code-season-three-renewal-1236448711/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=July 3, 2025|access-date=July 3, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''Rulers of Fortune''
| [[Crime drama]]
| October 29, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|50|50–62 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Radioactive Emergency''
| [[Historical drama]]
| March 18, 2026
| {{sort|105|1 season, 5 episodes}}
| {{sort|53|53–65 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Brazil 70: The Third Star''
| [[Historical drama|Historical]] [[sports drama]]
| May 29, 2026
| {{sort|105|1 season, 5 episodes}}
| {{sort|53|53–75 min}}
| Pending
|-

|}

=== Spanish ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Status
|-
| ''[[Alpha Males (TV series)|Alpha Males]]''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| December 30, 2022
| {{sort|542|5 seasons, 42 episodes}}
| {{sort|30|30–40 min}}
| Renewed for final season<ref>{{cite press release|title=''Alpha Males'' Films Its Sixth and Final Season|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/04/20/alpha-males-films-its-sixth-and-final-season-711313/20260420netflix01/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=April 20, 2026|access-date=April 20, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[División Palermo|Community Squad]]''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| February 17, 2023
| {{sort|214|2 seasons, 14 episodes}}
| {{sort|22|22–29 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''The Manny''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| December 24, 2023
| {{sort|326|3 seasons, 26 episodes}}
| {{sort|30|30–41 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Baby Bandito]]''
| [[Heist film|Heist]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]]
| January 31, 2024
| {{sort|216|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|34|34–43 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Gangs of Galicia]]''
| [[Crime drama]]
| June 21, 2024
| {{sort|213|2 seasons, 13 episodes}}
| {{sort|40|40–56 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[The Accident (Mexican TV series)|The Accident]]''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| August 21, 2024
| {{sort|216|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|40|40–50 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Breathless (Spanish TV series)|Breathless]]''
| [[Medical drama]]
| August 30, 2024
| {{sort|216|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|40|40–56 min}}
| Renewed for final season<ref>{{cite press release|title=Filming Begins on the Third and Final Season of ''Breathless''|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/05/04/filming-begins-on-the-third-and-final-season-of-breathless-412415/20260504netflix01/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=May 4, 2026|access-date=May 4, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[One Hundred Years of Solitude (TV series)|One Hundred Years of Solitude]]''
| [[Magical realism|Magical realist]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]]
| December 11, 2024
| {{sort|108|1 part, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|59|59–68 min}}
| Part 2 due to premiere on August 5, 2026<ref>{{cite web|last=Clarke|first=Stewart|title=Netflix Reveals ''One Hundred Years Of Solitude'' Part Two Plans, Including Standalone Grand Finale|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/one-hundred-years-of-solitude-part-2-finale-netflix-1236916528/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 20, 2026|access-date=May 20, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Grow|first=Kory|title=Netflix's ''One Hundred Years of Solitude'' Adaptation to Premiere in December|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-news/one-hundred-years-of-solitude-netflix-1235128737/|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=October 9, 2024|date=October 8, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''Medusa''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| March 5, 2025
| {{sort|112|1 season, 12 episodes}}
| {{sort|31|31–46 min}}
| Final season due to premiere in 2026<ref>{{cite tweet|title=Nojooooda, Bárbara casi que no se acuerda del chisme 😅 ''Medusa'' tendrá temporada 2. Solo en Netflix.|language=es|author=Netflix Latinoamérica|user=NetflixLAT|number=1902359488851587430}}</ref><ref name="colombia2026"/>
|-
| ''[[The Eternaut (TV series)|The Eternaut]]''
| [[Science fiction on television|Science fiction]]
| April 30, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|44|44–68 min}}
| Renewed<ref name="Argentina 2026"/>
|-
| ''The Gringo Hunters''
| [[Crime thriller]]
| July 9, 2025
| {{sort|112|1 season, 12 episodes}}
| {{sort|44|44–53 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Unspeakable Sins]]''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| July 30, 2025
| {{sort|118|1 season, 18 episodes}}
| {{sort|34|34–45 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''In the Mud''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| August 14, 2025
| {{sort|216|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|38|38–58 min}}
| Renewed<ref name="Argentina 2026"/>
|-
| ''The Guest''
| [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]
| September 24, 2025
| {{sort|120|1 season, 20 episodes}}
| {{sort|35|35–53 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Old Dog, New Tricks (TV series)|Old Dog, New Tricks]]''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| October 3, 2025
| {{sort|109|1 season, 9 episodes}}
| {{sort|25|25–32 min}}
| Renewed for seasons 2–3<ref>{{cite press release|title=The Kawanda Family Grows! Alvaro Mel Joins the Cast of ''Old Dog, New Tricks'' for a New Season|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/04/23/the-kawanda-family-grows-alvaro-mel-joins-the-cast-of-old-dog-new-tricks-for-a-new-season-522012/20260423netflix01/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=April 23, 2026|access-date=April 23, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''No One Saw Us Leave''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| October 15, 2025
| {{sort|105|1 season, 5 episodes}}
| {{sort|46|46–52 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Just Alice]]''
| [[Dark comedy]]
| November 5, 2025
| {{sort|119|1 season, 19 episodes}}
| {{sort|34|34–45 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''How to Win the Lottery''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| November 14, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|36|36–49 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''City of Shadows''
| [[Crime thriller]]
| December 12, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|42|42–53 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Love from 9 to 5''
| [[Romantic comedy]]
| January 1, 2026
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|33|33–39 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Time Flies''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| January 1, 2026
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|27|27–37 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Salvador (TV series)|Salvador]]''
| [[Action drama]]
| February 6, 2026
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|39|39–51 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Santita''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| April 22, 2026
| {{sort|107|1 season, 7 episodes}}
| {{sort|32|32–46 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Between Father and Son''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| May 13, 2026
| {{sort|120|1 season, 20 episodes}}
| {{sort|6|6–10 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Carizzma''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| May 20, 2026
| {{sort|110|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|9|9–15 min}}
| Pending
|-
! data-sort-value="zzz" colspan="6" | Awaiting release
|-
| ''Oasis''<ref>{{cite press release|title=''Oasis'' Premieres on Netflix June 19|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/05/18/oasis-premieres-on-netflix-june-19-815412/20260518netflix01/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=May 18, 2026|access-date=May 18, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]
| June 19, 2026
| TBA
| TBA
| Pending
|-
| ''The Map of Longing''<ref>{{cite web|last=Lang|first=Jamie|title=Netflix and BBC's Brutal Media to Adapt Acclaimed Spanish Novel ''El Mapa de los Anhelos'' as Miniseries|website=Variety|date=April 10, 2025|access-date=April 10, 2025|url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/global/netflix-brutal-media-el-mapa-de-los-anhelos-1236365662/}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=Netflix Begins Filming ''The Map of Longing'' with Alícia Falcó, Pablo Álvarez, and Georgina Amorós|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2025/07/14/netflix-begins-filming-the-map-of-longing-with-alicia-falco-pablo-alvarez-and-georgina-amoros-24414/20250714netflix01/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=July 14, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| July 17, 2026<ref>{{cite press release|title=Video: ''The Map of Longing'' - Official Teaser - Netflix|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/video/2026/04/30/video-the-map-of-longing-official-teaser-netflix-10312/20260430netflix01/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=April 30, 2026|access-date=April 30, 2026}}</ref>
| TBA
| TBA
| Miniseries
|-
| ''Moria''<ref name="Argentina 2026"/>
| [[Biopic]]
| August 14, 2026
| TBA
| TBA
| Pending
|}

=== Swedish ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Status
|-
| ''[[Barracuda Queens]]''
| [[Heist film|Heist]] [[crime drama]]
| June 5, 2023
| {{sort|212|2 seasons, 12 episodes}}
| {{sort|26|26–34 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[The Åre Murders]]''
| [[Crime drama]]
| February 6, 2025
| {{sort|105|1 season, 5 episodes}}
| {{sort|35|35–57 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite Instagram|author=Netflix Nordic|user=netflixnordic|postid=DScU0J3jyoP|title=''The Åre Murders'' season 2 returns with two new cases for Hanna and Daniel ❄️ coming in 2026 🇸🇪|date=December 19, 2025|access-date=January 15, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''Diary of a Ditched Girl''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| September 11, 2025
| {{sort|107|1 season, 7 episodes}}
| {{sort|26|26–35 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''[[The New Force (TV series)|The New Force]]''
| [[Period drama]]
| October 3, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|37|37–43 min}}
| Pending
|-

|}

=== Turkish ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Status
|-
| ''[[Ethos (TV series)|Ethos]]''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| November 12, 2020
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|40|40–58 min}}
| Season 2 due to premiere in 2026<ref name="Turkey 2026"/>
|-
| ''Graveyard''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| June 17, 2022
| {{sort|212|2 seasons, 12 episodes}}
| {{sort|48|48–116 min}}
| Season 3 due to premiere on August 28, 2026<ref name="Turkey summer 2026">{{cite press release|title=''Thank You Next'', ''Another Self'' and ''Graveyard'' Return to Netflix With Their Third Seasons|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/04/13/thank-you-next-another-self-and-graveyard-return-to-netflix-with-their-third-seasons-278114/20260413netflix06/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=April 13, 2026|access-date=April 21, 2026}}</ref><ref name="Turkey 2026"/>
|-
| ''[[Zeytin Ağacı|Another Self]]''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| July 28, 2022
| {{sort|216|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|45|45–67 min}}
| Season 3 due to premiere on June 24, 2026<ref name="Turkey summer 2026"/><ref name="Turkey 2026"/>
|-
| ''Thank You, Next''
| [[Romantic comedy]]
| May 9, 2024
| {{sort|324|3 seasons, 24 episodes}}
| {{sort|29|29–57 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Platonic''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| September 18, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|41|41–57 min}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Old Money''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| October 10, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|36|36–51 min}}
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last=Clarke|first=Stewart|title=Netflix Renews Turkish Drama ''Old Money'' For Season 2|url=https://deadline.com/2025/11/netflix-old-money-season-2-renewal-turkish-drama-1236616148/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=November 13, 2025|access-date=November 18, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''To Love, To Lose''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| January 15, 2026
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|44|44–62 min}}
| Pending
|-

|}

=== Other ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! data-sort-type="date" | Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Language
! Status
|-
| ''[[Home for Christmas (TV series)|Home for Christmas]]''
| [[Comedy drama]]
| December 5, 2019
| {{sort|320|3 seasons, 20 episodes}}
| {{sort|25|25–36 min}}
| Norwegian
| Pending
|-
| ''[[The Chestnut Man]]''
| [[Crime drama]]
| September 29, 2021
| {{sort|212|2 seasons, 12 episodes}}
| {{sort|43|43–59 min}}
| Danish
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Kohrra]]''
| [[Crime drama]]
| July 15, 2023
| {{sort|212|2 seasons, 12 episodes}}
| {{sort|38|38–60 min}}
| Punjabi
| Pending
|-
| ''How to Ruin Love''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| May 31, 2024
| {{sort|207|2 seasons, 7 episodes}}
| {{sort|43|43–50 min}}
| Sotho
| Pending
|-
| ''Catalog''
| [[Comedy drama]]
| July 17, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|50|50–64 min}}
| Arabic
| Pending
|-
| ''Marked''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| July 31, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|40|40–53 min}}
| Zulu
| Pending
|-
| ''The Game: You Never Play Alone''
| [[Techno-thriller]]
| October 2, 2025
| {{sort|107|1 season, 7 episodes}}
| {{sort|29|29–38 min}}
| Tamil
| Pending
|-
| ''The Asset''
| [[Crime drama]]
| October 27, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|39|39–50 min}}
| Danish
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last=Whittock|first=Jesse|title=Netflix Renews Danish Undercover Agent Drama ''The Asset'' For Season 2|url=https://deadline.com/2026/01/netflix-the-asset-season-2-renewal-1236703185/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=January 30, 2026|access-date=January 30, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Jo Nesbø's Detective Hole]]''
| [[Crime drama]]
| March 26, 2026
| {{sort|109|1 season, 9 episodes}}
| {{sort|43|43–62 min}}
| Norwegian
| Pending
|-
| ''Alkhallat+: The Series''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| April 2, 2026
| {{sort|104|1 season, 4 episodes}}
| {{sort|37|37–51 min}}
| Arabic
| Pending
|-
! data-sort-value="zzz" colspan="7" | Awaiting release
|-
| ''The Evil Lawyer''<ref name="Thailand 2026"/>
| [[Legal drama]]
| June 11, 2026<ref>{{cite press release|title=Video: Netflix Releases Main Trailer for Thai Legal Drama ''The Evil Lawyer''|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/video/2026/05/20/video-netflix-releases-main-trailer-for-thai-legal-drama-the-evil-lawyer-407213/20260520netflix05/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=May 21, 2026|access-date=May 21, 2026}}</ref>
| TBA
| TBA
| Thai
| Pending
|-
| ''The Polygamist''<ref>{{cite web|last=Mandoyi|first=Sindeka|title=Netflix unveils ''The Polygamist'' trailer, based on Sue Nyathi's debut bestselling novel|url=https://www.glamour.co.za/lifestyle/glam-book-club/netflix-unveils-the-polygamist-trailer-based-on-sue-nyathis-debut-bestselling-novel-82b39339-2dce-4971-8736-e967a4a56f0f|website=Glamour South Africa|date=May 5, 2026|access-date=May 9, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Telenovela]]
| June 12, 2026
| {{sort|122|1 season, 22 episodes}}
| TBA
| Zulu
| Pending
|-
| ''Balaraw: Blood Island''<ref name="Philippines 2026"/><ref>{{cite web|title=''Balaraw: Blood Island''|url=https://www.netflix.com/title/81704899|website=Netflix|access-date=February 12, 2026}}
</ref>
| [[Folk horror]]
| September 24, 2026<ref>{{Cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w7ZUv7nWbcI|title=Balaraw {{!}} Official Clip {{!}} Netflix Philippines|date=February 8, 2026|author=Netflix Philippines|access-date=February 10, 2026|via=YouTube}}</ref>
| TBA
| TBA
| Filipino
| Pending
|-
| ''A Filipino Christmas''<ref name="Philippines 2026">{{Cite web|last=Wang|first=Mel|date=February 9, 2026|title=Netflix PH New Originals to Star Kathryn Bernardo and More|url=https://rollingstonephilippines.com/culture/netflix-philippines-kathryn-bernardo-anne-curtis/|access-date=February 10, 2026|website=Rolling Stone Philippines}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=''A Filipino Christmas''|url=https://www.netflix.com/title/82044873|website=Netflix|access-date=February 12, 2026}}
</ref>
| [[Christmas film|Holiday]] [[drama (film and television)|drama]] [[anthology]]
| December 3, 2026
| TBA
| TBA
| Filipino
| Pending
|}

== Unscripted ==
=== Docuseries ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Subject
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Language
! Status
|-
| ''[[Formula 1: Drive to Survive]]''
| Sports
| March 8, 2019
| {{sort|878|8 seasons, 78 episodes}}
| {{sort|27|27–52 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Full Swing (2023 TV series)|Full Swing]]''
| Sports
| February 15, 2023
| {{sort|427|4 seasons, 27 episodes}}
| {{sort|39|39–60 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Missing: Dead or Alive?]]''
| [[True crime]]
| May 10, 2023
| {{sort|208|2 seasons, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|31|31–67 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Quarterback (TV series)|Quarterback]]''
| Sports
| July 12, 2023
| {{sort|215|2 seasons, 15 episodes}}
| {{sort|43|43–57 min}}
| English
| Season 3 due to premiere on July 14, 2026<ref>{{cite web|last=Campione|first=Katie|title=''Quarterback'' Renewed For Season 3 At Netflix With New Subjects Jayden Daniels, Cam Ward, Baker Mayfield & Joe Flacco|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/quarterback-renewed-season-3-premiere-date-netflix-1236901590/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 13, 2026|access-date=May 13, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''Homicide''
| [[True crime]]
| March 20, 2024
| {{sort|315|3 seasons, 15 episodes}}
| {{sort|42|42–65 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[America's Sweethearts: Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders]]''
| Sports
| June 20, 2024
| {{sort|214|2 seasons, 14 episodes}}
| {{sort|49|49–65 min}}
| English
| Season 3 due to premiere on June 16, 2026<ref>{{cite press release|title=''America's Sweethearts: Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders'' Season 3 Premieres June 16, 2026|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/05/19/americas-sweethearts-dallas-cowboys-cheerleaders-season-3-premieres-june-16-2026-417013/20260519netflix03/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=May 19, 2026|access-date=May 19, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jackson|first=Angelique|title=''America's Sweethearts: Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders'' Renewed for Season 3 at Netflix (Exclusive)|url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/americas-sweethearts-dallas-cowboys-cheerleaders-renewed-season-3-1236491549/|website=Variety|date=August 18, 2025|access-date=August 18, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''Kaulitz & Kaulitz''
| Music
| June 25, 2024
| {{sort|216|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|37|37–50 min}}
| German
| Renewed<ref name="Germany 2026"/>
|-
| ''[[Worst Ex Ever]]''
| [[True crime]]
| August 28, 2024
| {{sort|208|2 seasons, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|51|51–78 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Starting 5]]''
| Sports
| October 9, 2024
| {{sort|218|2 seasons, 18 episodes}}
| {{sort|39|39–73 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''Power Moves with [[Shaquille O'Neal]]''
| Sports
| June 4, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|27|27–34 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''Off Road''
| [[Travel documentary]]
| July 10, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|30|30–42 min}}
| Hebrew
| Pending
|-
| ''Amy Bradley Is Missing''
| [[True crime]]
| July 16, 2025
| {{sort|103|1 season, 3 episodes}}
| {{sort|40|40–49 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''Critical: Between Life and Death''
| [[Emergency medical services]]
| July 23, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|42|42–48 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[WWE Unreal]]''
| Sports
| July 29, 2025
| {{sort|210|2 seasons, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|50|51–65 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Conversations With a Killer: The Son of Sam Tapes|Conversations with a Killer: The Son of Sam Tapes]]''
| [[True crime]]
| July 30, 2025
| {{sort|103|1 season, 3 episodes}}
| {{sort|54|54–60 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Southeastern Conference|SEC]] Football: Any Given Saturday''
| Sports
| August 5, 2025
| {{sort|107|1 season, 7 episodes}}
| {{sort|34|34–50 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''The Echoes of Survivors: Inside Korea's Tragedies''
| [[True crime]]
| August 15, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|50|50–61 min}}
| Korean
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Fit for TV: The Reality of The Biggest Loser]]''
| Television industry
| August 15, 2025
| {{sort|103|1 season, 3 episodes}}
| {{sort|39|39–44 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[America's Team: The Gambler and His Cowboys]]''
| Sports
| August 19, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|42|42–68 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Hurricane Katrina|Katrina]]: Come Hell and High Water''
| [[Natural disaster]]
| August 27, 2025
| {{sort|103|1 season, 3 episodes}}
| {{sort|62|62–88 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Love Con Revenge]]''
| [[True crime]]
| September 5, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|33|33–49 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Matchroom Sport|Matchroom]]: The Greatest Showmen''
| Sports
| September 17, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|31|31–54 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''Nightmares of Nature''
| [[Nature documentary|Nature]]
| September 30, 2025
| {{sort|206|2 seasons, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|39|39–48 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[True Haunting (TV series)|True Haunting]]''
| Supernatural
| October 7, 2025
| {{sort|105|1 season, 5 episodes}}
| {{sort|34|34–39 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''Mob War: Philadelphia vs. The Mafia''
| [[Organized crime]]/True crime
| October 22, 2025
| {{sort|103|1 season, 3 episodes}}
| {{sort|42|42–48 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''Marines''
| Military
| November 10, 2025
| {{sort|104|1 season, 4 episodes}}
| {{sort|43|43–52 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Sean Combs: The Reckoning]]''
| Music/[[True crime]]
| December 2, 2025
| {{sort|104|1 season, 4 episodes}}
| {{sort|55|55–67 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Simon Cowell]]: The Next Act''
| Music industry
| December 10, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|34|34–66 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''Glitter & Gold: Ice Dancing''
| Sports
| February 1, 2026
| {{sort|103|1 season, 3 episodes}}
| {{sort|48|48–65 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''Reality Check: Inside [[America's Next Top Model]]''
| Television industry
| February 16, 2026
| {{sort|103|1 season, 3 episodes}}
| {{sort|51|51–60 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''Being [[Gordon Ramsay]]''
| Restaurant industry
| February 18, 2026
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|37|37–51 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[The Dinosaurs (miniseries)|The Dinosaurs]]''
| [[Natural history]]
| March 6, 2026
| {{sort|104|1 season, 4 episodes}}
| {{sort|44|44–48 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Dynasty: The Murdochs]]''
| Business
| March 13, 2026
| {{sort|104|1 season, 4 episodes}}
| {{sort|47|47–55 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''Trust Me: The False Prophet''
| [[True crime]]
| April 8, 2026
| {{sort|104|1 season, 4 episodes}}
| {{sort|44|44–53 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''This Is a Gardening Show''
| Gardening
| April 22, 2026
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|15|15–16 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
! data-sort-value="zzz" colspan="7" | Awaiting release
|-
| ''[[Michael Jackson]]: The Verdict''<ref>{{cite web|last=Maglio|first=Tony|title=''Michael'' Avoided Michael Jackson's Molestation Charges, But This Netflix Docuseries Sure Doesn't|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/michael-jackson-netflix-docuseries-trial-trailer-1236602480/|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=May 20, 2026|access-date=May 20, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Celebrity]]/[[True crime]]
| June 3, 2026
| {{sort|003|3 episodes}}
| {{sort|50|50 min}}
| English
| Miniseries
|-
| ''The Root of the Game''<ref name="Brazil football">{{cite web|last=Clarke|first=Stewart|title=Netflix Scores A Hat-Trick Of Brazil Soccer Docs Ahead Of The World Cup With Ronaldinho Headlining|url=https://deadline.com/2026/03/ronaldinho-brazil-soccer-football-docs-netflix-world-cup-1236751106/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=March 12, 2026|access-date=March 12, 2026}}</ref>
| Sports
| June 8, 2026
| TBA
| TBA
| Portuguese
| Miniseries
|-
| ''Norway: The Dark Horse''<ref>{{cite press release|title=Video: "Norway: The Dark Horse" - Official Trailer - Netflix|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/video/2026/05/26/video-norway-the-dark-horse-official-trailer-netflix-803213/20260526netflix01/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=May 26, 2026|access-date=May 26, 2026}}</ref>
| Sports
| June 8, 2026
| {{sort|002|2 episodes}}
| TBA
| Norwegian
| Miniseries
|-
| ''The American Experiment''<ref>{{cite press release|title=New Doc ''The American Experiment'' Marks The Nation's 250th Anniversary|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/05/05/new-doc-the-american-experiment-marks-the-nations-250th-anniversary-421410/20260505netflix09/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=May 5, 2026|access-date=May 5, 2026}}</ref>
| History
| June 24, 2026
| {{sort|005|5 episodes}}
| TBA
| English
| Miniseries
|}

=== Reality ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Language
! Status
|-
| ''[[Selling Sunset]]''
| [[Real estate]] [[docu-soap]]
| March 22, 2019
| {{sort|9090|9 seasons, 90 episodes}}
| {{sort|23|23–80 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Love Is Blind (American TV series)|Love Is Blind]]''
| [[Dating show]]
| February 13, 2020
| {{sort|10135|10 seasons, 135 episodes}}
| {{sort|31|31–104 min}}
| English
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last=Tinoco|first=Armando|title=''Love Is Blind'' Renewed For Season 11 At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/love-is-blind-renewed-season-11-netflix-1236900468/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 13, 2026|access-date=May 13, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Love Is Blind: Brazil]]''
| [[Dating show]]
| October 6, 2021
| {{sort|5056|5 seasons, 56 episodes}}
| {{sort|27|27–89 min}}
| Portuguese
| Pending
|-
| ''[[The Ultimatum: Marry or Move On]]''
| [[Dating show]]
| April 6, 2022
| {{sort|3030|3 seasons, 30 episodes}}
| {{sort|35|35–63 min}}
| English
| Season 4 due to premiere in 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/><ref name="reality premieres & renewals 2025">{{Cite web|last=White|first=Peter|title=Simon Cowell Searches For His Next Breakout Band For Netflix As Streamer Renews ''The Ultimatum: Marry Or Move On'' & ''King Of Collectibles''|url=https://deadline.com/2025/07/simon-cowell-netflix-renews-ultimatum-king-of-collectibles-1236461132/|website=Deadline Hollywood|access-date=July 17, 2025|date=July 17, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Love on the Spectrum (American TV series)|Love on the Spectrum]]''
| [[Dating show]]
| May 18, 2022
| {{sort|4027|4 seasons, 27 episodes}}
| {{sort|37|37–55 min}}
| English
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last=Davis|first=Clayton|title=Netflix's ''Love on the Spectrum'' Renewed for Season 5, Fan Favorite Cast Member Connor Tomlinson Exits: "I've Chosen to Pass the Torch" (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/awards/love-on-the-spectrum-renewed-season-5-connor-tomlinson-exits-1236705978/|website=Variety|date=April 3, 2026|access-date=April 15, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Rhythm + Flow#Adaptations|Rhythm + Flow France]]''
| [[Rap music|Rap]] [[music competition]]
| June 9, 2022
| {{sort|4035|4 seasons, 35 episodes}}
| {{sort|32|32–60 min}}
| French
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last=Loridan|first=Carla|title=''Nouvelle École'': la compétition rap de Netflix de retour pour une 5e saison avec un nouveau jury|url=https://www.bfmtv.com/people/musique/nouvelle-ecole-la-competition-rap-de-netflix-de-retour-pour-une-5e-saison-avec-un-nouveau-jury_AN-202601060651.html|website=[[BFM TV|BFM]]|date=January 6, 2026|access-date=February 5, 2026|language=fr}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Selling the OC]]''
| [[Real estate]] [[docu-soap]]
| August 24, 2022
| {{sort|4032|4 seasons, 32 episodes}}
| {{sort|28|28–44 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Dubai Bling]]''
| [[Docu-reality]]
| October 27, 2022
| {{sort|3025|3 seasons, 25 episodes}}
| {{sort|41|41–66 min}}
| Arabic
| Renewed<ref name="MENA 2026"/>
|-
| ''[[Perfect Match (TV series)|Perfect Match]]''
| [[Dating show]]
| February 14, 2023
| {{sort|4040|4 seasons, 40 episodes}}
| {{sort|38|38–106 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Too Hot to Handle (TV series)|Too Hot to Handle]]: Germany''
| [[Dating show]]
| February 28, 2023
| {{sort|2018|2 seasons, 18 episodes}}
| {{sort|39|39–60 min}}
| German
| Renewed<ref name="Germany 2026"/>
|-
| ''[[King of Collectibles: The Goldin Touch]]''
| [[Collectibles]] [[docu-reality]]
| April 28, 2023
| {{sort|3020|3 seasons, 20 episodes}}
| {{sort|27|27–41 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''Love Village''
| [[Dating show]]
| May 2, 2023
| {{sort|2038|2 seasons, 38 episodes}}
| {{sort|25|25–41 min}}
| Japanese
| Season 3 due to premiere in 2026<ref name="Japan 2026"/>
|-
| ''[[At Home with the Furys]]''
| Sports [[docu-soap]]
| August 16, 2023
| {{sort|2019|2 seasons, 19 episodes}}
| {{sort|28|28–46 min}}
| English
| Renewed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2026/03/at-home-with-the-furys-renewed-season-3-netflix-1236749813/|title='At Home With The Furys' Renewed Ahead Of Netflix Season 2 Premiere|website=Deadline Hollywood|first=Jake|last=Kanter|date=March 11, 2026|access-date=March 11, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[The Devil's Plan]]''
| [[Reality television|Reality]] [[game show]]
| September 26, 2023
| {{sort|2024|2 seasons, 24 episodes}}
| {{sort|58|58–102 min}}
| Korean
| Season 3 due to premiere in 2026<ref name="2026 k-contents">{{Cite web|last=Brzeski|first=Patrick|date=January 20, 2026|title=Netflix Unveils Stacked Korean Content Slate of 33 Series and Films for 2026 (Full List)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/netflix-korean-content-2026-slate-series-films-full-list-1236479688/|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|access-date=January 21, 2026}}</ref><ref name="Korean unscripted 2025">{{cite web|last=Ramachandran|first=Naman|title=Netflix Unveils Star-Studded K-Unscripted Slate at Seoul Festival Event|url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/netflix-korea-unscripted-slate-1236503930/|website=Variety|date=September 2, 2025|access-date=September 2, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ilhados com a Sogra|Stranded with My Mother-in-Law]]''
| Survival [[Reality competition|competition]]
| October 9, 2023
| {{sort|3025|3 seasons, 25 episodes}}
| {{sort|42|42–72 min}}
| Portuguese
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Squid Game: The Challenge]]''
| [[Escape room]] [[Reality competition|competition]]
| November 22, 2023
| {{sort|2019|2 seasons, 19 episodes}}
| {{sort|40|40–59 min}}
| English
| Renewed<ref>{{Cite web|last=White|first=Peter|title=''Squid Game: The Challenge'' Renewed For Season 3 As Netflix Sets Premiere For Season 2|url=https://deadline.com/2025/07/squid-game-the-challenge-renewed-season-3-premiere-season-2-1236453633/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=July 10, 2025|access-date=July 10, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Love Is Blind: Sweden]]''
| [[Dating show]]
| January 12, 2024
| {{sort|3035|3 seasons, 35 episodes}}
| {{sort|23|23–74 min}}
| Swedish
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Rhythm + Flow#Adaptations|Rhythm + Flow Italy]]''
| [[Rap music|Rap]] [[music competition]]
| February 19, 2024
| {{sort|2016|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|42|42–55 min}}
| Italian
| Season 3 due to premiere on June 22, 2026<ref name="June 2026">{{cite web|last=Parlevliet|first=Mirko|title=Netflix June 2026 Schedule Announced|url=https://www.vitalthrills.com/netflix-june-2026/|website=Vital Thrills|date=May 20, 2026|access-date=May 27, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ciarlante|first=Marianna|title=''Nuova Scena'' 3, il rap show torna su Netflix con un nuovo giudice: chi è e quando esce|url=https://www.today.it/film-serie-tv/netflix/nuova-scena-3-giudici-quando-esce.html|website=Today|date=October 10, 2025|access-date=October 10, 2025|language=it}}</ref>
|-
| ''Unlocked: A Jail Experiment''
| [[Inmates]] [[docu-reality]]
| April 10, 2024
| {{sort|2016|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|33|33–49 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Agents of Mystery]]''
| [[Reality show|Reality]] [[game show]]
| June 18, 2024
| {{sort|2015|2 seasons, 15 episodes}}
| {{sort|33|33–64 min}}
| Korean
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Owning Manhattan]]''
| [[Property management]]
| June 28, 2024
| {{sort|2016|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|38|38–49 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[The Boyfriend (TV series)|The Boyfriend]]''
| [[Boys love]] [[dating show]]
| July 9, 2024
| {{sort|2025|2 seasons, 25 episodes}}
| {{sort|37|37–55 min}}
| Japanese
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Love Is Blind: UK]]''
| [[Dating show]]
| August 7, 2024
| {{sort|2023|2 seasons, 23 episodes}}
| {{sort|39|39–72 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Culinary Class Wars]]''
| [[Cooking show|Cooking]] [[Reality competition|competition]]
| September 17, 2024
| {{sort|2025|2 seasons, 25 episodes}}
| {{sort|60|60–96 min}}
| Korean
| Season 3 due to premiere in 2026<ref name="2026 k-contents"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Garner|first=Glenn|title=Netflix Orders Third Course Of ''Culinary Class Wars'', Renewing Competition Series For Team-Based Season 3|url=https://deadline.com/2026/01/netflix-culinary-class-wars-renewing-team-based-season-3-1236684862/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=January 16, 2026|access-date=January 16, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Love Is Blind: Habibi|Love Is Blind, Habibi]]''
| [[Dating show]]
| October 10, 2024
| {{sort|1010|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|46|46–63 min}}
| Arabic
| Renewed<ref name="MENA 2026"/>
|-
| ''[[Love Is Blind: Argentina]]''
| [[Dating show]]
| November 6, 2024
| {{sort|1011|1 season, 11 episodes}}
| {{sort|46|46–69 min}}
| Spanish
| Renewed<ref>{{cite tweet|author=CheNetflix|language=es|user=CheNetflix|number=1862557136246497403|title=¿Me creés si te digo que soñé que se viene la segunda temporada de ''Love Is Blind: Argentina'' y se cumplió? Atentis que el casting arranca en las próximas semanas. Cuando tenga más data les cuento por acá 👀}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Love Is Blind: Germany]]''
| [[Dating show]]
| January 3, 2025
| {{sort|2020|2 seasons, 20 episodes}}
| {{sort|42|42–66 min}}
| German
| Renewed<ref name="Germany 2026"/>
|-
| ''[[Million Dollar Secret]]''
| [[Reality show|Reality]] [[game show]]
| March 26, 2025
| {{sort|2016|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|48|48–63 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''Kian's Bizarre B&B''
| [[Comedic]] [[docu-reality]]
| April 8, 2025
| {{sort|1009|1 season, 9 episodes}}
| {{sort|50|50–66 min}}
| Korean
| Season 2 due to premiere in 2026<ref name="2026 k-contents"/><ref name="Korean unscripted 2025"/>
|-
| ''Too Hot to Handle: Spain''
| [[Dating show]]
| June 13, 2025
| {{sort|1008|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|38|38–49 min}}
| Spanish
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Yolanthe Cabau|Yolanthe]]''
| [[Docu-soap]]
| June 18, 2025
| {{sort|1007|1 season, 7 episodes}}
| {{sort|33|33–48 min}}
| Dutch
| Pending
|-
| ''All the Sharks''
| Photography [[Reality competition|competition]]
| July 4, 2025
| {{sort|1006|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|42|42–46 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''Better Late Than Single''
| [[Dating show]]
| July 8, 2025
| {{sort|1010|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|72|72–89 min}}
| Korean
| Season 2 due to premiere in 2026<ref name="2026 k-contents"/><ref>{{cite press release|title=''Better Late Than Single'' Will Be Back for Season 2|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2025/08/18/better-late-than-single-will-be-back-for-season-2-104121/20250818netflix09/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=August 18, 2025|access-date=August 18, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Building the Band]]''
| [[Music competition]]
| July 9, 2025
| {{sort|1010|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|50|50–67 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Too Hot to Handle (TV series)|Too Hot to Handle]]: Italy''
| [[Dating show]]
| July 18, 2025
| {{sort|1008|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|42|42–51 min}}
| Italian
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Hitmakers (2025 TV series)|Hitmakers]]''
| Music [[docu-reality]]
| July 24, 2025
| {{sort|1006|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|31|31–52 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''Final Draft''
| Sports [[reality competition]]
| August 12, 2025
| {{sort|1008|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|33|33–46 min}}
| Japanese
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Love Is Blind: France]]''
| [[Dating show]]
| September 10, 2025
| {{sort|1010|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|46|46–69 min}}
| French
| Pending
|-
| ''Next Gen Chef''
| [[Cooking show|Cooking]] [[reality competition|competition]]
| September 17, 2025
| {{sort|1008|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|40|40–53 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Inside (TV series)|Inside]]: USA''
| [[Reality show|Reality]] [[game show]]
| September 21, 2025
| {{sort|1009|1 season, 9 episodes}}
| {{sort|36|36–49 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Physical: Asia]]''
| Physical [[reality competition|competition]]
| October 28, 2025
| {{sort|1012|1 season, 12 episodes}}
| {{sort|56|56–106 min}}
| Korean
| Pending
|-
| ''Love Is Blind: Italy''
| [[Dating show]]
| December 1, 2025
| {{sort|1010|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|57|57–65 min}}
| Italian
| Pending
|-
| ''Badly in Love''
| [[Dating show]]
| December 9, 2025
| {{sort|1010|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|37|37–57 min}}
| Japanese
| Season 2 due to premiere in 2026<ref name="Japan 2026"/><ref>{{cite web|last=White|first=Peter|title=Japanese Reality Series ''Badly In Love'' Renewed For Season 2 At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/12/badly-in-love-renewed-season-2-netflix-1236656649/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=December 24, 2025|access-date=December 25, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''What's in the Box''
| [[Game show]]
| December 17, 2025
| {{sort|1006|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|41|41–47 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Members Only: Palm Beach]]''
| [[Docu-reality]]
| December 29, 2025
| {{sort|1008|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|35|35–49 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''My Korean Boyfriend''
| [[Dating show|Dating]]/[[Docu-reality]]
| January 1, 2026
| {{sort|1008|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|25|25–46 min}}
| Portuguese
| Pending
|-
| ''Blue Therapy''
| Relationship [[docu-reality]]
| March 4, 2026
| {{sort|1008|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|32|32–40 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Age of Attraction]]''
| [[Dating show]]
| March 11, 2026
| {{sort|1008|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|49|49–71 min}}
| English
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last=White|first=Peter|title=''Age Of Attraction'' Renewed For Season 2 At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2026/03/age-of-attraction-renewed-season-2-netflix-1236769545/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=March 31, 2026|access-date=March 31, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''Ready or Not: Texas''
| [[Travel show|Travel]] [[docu-reality]]
| March 24, 2026
| {{sort|1006|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|30|30–44 min}}
| Korean
| Pending
|-
| ''Funny AF with [[Kevin Hart]]''
| [[Stand-up comedy]] [[reality competition|competition]]
| April 20, 2026
| {{sort|1008|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|49|49–70 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''Love Is Blind: Poland''
| [[Dating show]]
| May 6, 2026
| {{sort|1011|1 season, 11 episodes}}
| {{sort|41|41–90 min}}
| Polish
| Pending
|-
| ''Desi Bling''
| [[Docu-reality]]
| May 20, 2026
| {{sort|1007|1 season, 7 episodes}}
| {{sort|37|37–47 min}}
| {{ubl|English|Hindi}}
| Pending
|-
| ''Jae-seok's B&B Rules!''
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]] [[docu-reality]]
| May 26, 2026
| {{sort|1010|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|53|53–73 min}}
| Korean
| Season 1 ongoing
|-
| ''Calabasas Confidential''
| [[Docu-reality]]
| May 29, 2026
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|44|44–54 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
! data-sort-value="zzz" colspan="7" | Awaiting release
|-
| ''[[Outlast (TV series)|Outlast: The Jungle]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Ross|first=Dalton|title=''Outlast: The Jungle'' cast, trailer, and premiere date revealed (exclusive)|url=https://ew.com/outlast-the-jungle-season-3-cast-trailer-premiere-date-revealed-exclusive-11974141|website=Entertainment Weekly|date=May 14, 2026|access-date=May 14, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=White|first=Peter|title=Survival Competition Series ''Outlast'' Renewed For Season 3 At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/02/outlast-renewed-season-3-netflix-1236300491/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=February 26, 2025|access-date=February 27, 2025}}</ref>
| Survival [[Reality competition|competition]]
| June 10, 2026
| TBA
| TBA
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Physical 100: Italy]]''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vivarelli|first=Nick|title=Netflix Adapts Hit Korean Reality Show ''Physical 100'' in Italy|url=https://variety.com/2025/digital/asia/netflix-physical-100-italy-global-hit-korean-reality-show-1236470141/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=July 25, 2025}}</ref>
| Physical [[reality competition|competition]]
| September 11, 2026<ref>{{cite press release|title=The Official Trailer of ''Physical 100'' Italy, on Netflix From September 11|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/the-official-trailer-of-physical-100-italy-on-netflix-from-september-11|website=About Netflix|date=May 29, 2026|access-date=May 29, 2026}}</ref><ref name="Italy 2026"/>
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| TBA
| Italian
| Pending
|}

=== Variety ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Language
! Status
|-
| ''[[My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman]]''
| [[Interview]]
| January 12, 2018
| {{sort|629|6 seasons, 29 episodes}}
| {{sort|41|41–58 min}}
| English
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last=White|first=Peter|title=''My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman'' Renewed For Seasons 6 & 7 At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/06/my-next-guest-needs-no-introduction-david-letterman-renewed-1236431630/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=June 12, 2025|access-date=June 12, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''Dinner Time Live with David Chang''
| [[Cooking show]]/[[Talk show]]
| January 25, 2024
| {{sort|351|3 seasons, 51 episodes}}
| {{sort|45|45–89 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[The Great Indian Kapil Show]]''
| [[Talk show]]
| March 30, 2024
| {{sort|453|4 seasons, 53 episodes}}
| {{sort|38|38–79 min}}
| Hindi
| Season 5 due to premiere in 2026<ref name="India 2026"/>
|-
| ''[[Everybody's Live with John Mulaney]]''
| [[Talk show]]
| March 12, 2025
| {{sort|112|1 season, 12 episodes}}
| {{sort|57|57–68 min}}
| English
| Renewed<ref name="Mulaney">{{cite web|last=White|first=Peter|title=John Mulaney's Live Netflix Talk Show Gears Up For Launch With A Second Season Already On The Cards|url=https://deadline.com/2025/01/john-mulaney-netflix-talk-show-launch-season-two-1236270755/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=January 30, 2025|access-date=January 30, 2025}}</ref>
|-
! data-sort-value="zzz" colspan="7" | Awaiting release
|-
| ''The Rest Is Football''<ref>{{cite web|last=Rahman|first=Abid|title=''The Rest Is Football'' Podcast Heading to Netflix for 2026 World Cup|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/rest-is-football-podcast-netflix-2026-world-cup-1236440841/|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=May 26, 2026|access-date=May 26, 2026}}</ref>
| Sports [[talk show]]
| June 10, 2026
| TBA
| TBA
| English
| Pending
|}

== Continuations ==
These shows have been picked up by Netflix for additional seasons after having aired previous seasons on another network.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Previous network(s)
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Language
! Status
|-
| ''[[Black Mirror]]'' (series 3–7)
| [[Science fiction on television|Science fiction]] [[anthology series|anthology]]
| [[Channel 4]]
| October 21, 2016
| {{sort|526|5 seasons, 26 episodes}}
| {{sort|40|40–90 min}}
| English
| Renewed<ref>{{cite web|last=Goldbart|first=Max|date=January 9, 2026|title=''Black Mirror'' Renewed For Season 8 At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2026/01/black-mirror-season-8-coming-to-netflix-charlie-brooker-1236677316/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=January 9, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Inside (TV series)|Inside]]'' (seasons 2–3)
| [[Reality competition]]
| [[YouTube]]
| March 17, 2025
| {{sort|216|2 seasons, 16 episodes}}
| {{sort|27|27–63 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Death Inc.]]'' (season 3)
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| [[Movistar Plus+]]
| August 21, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|26|26–33 min}}
| Spanish
| Final season due to premiere on August 7, 2026<ref>{{cite press release|title=The Fourth and Final Season of ''Death Inc.'' Releases on August 7|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/05/28/the-fourth-and-final-season-of-death-inc-releases-on-august-7-218214/20260528netflix01/|publisher=Netflix|date=May 28, 2026|access-date=May 28, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=Netflix Starts Production of the Fourth Season of ''Death Inc.''|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2025/11/13/netflix-starts-production-of-the-fourth-season-of-death-inc-800314/20251113netflix01/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=November 13, 2025|access-date=November 13, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Crime Scene (South Korean TV series)|Crime Scene]]'' (season 5)
| [[Murder mystery]] [[reality television]]
| {{ubl|[[JTBC]] (seasons 1–3)|[[TVING]] (season 4)}}
| September 23, 2025
| {{sort|110|1 season, 10 episodes}}
| {{sort|71|71–87 min}}
| Korean
| Pending
|-
| ''Three Idiots'' (season 3)
| [[Variety show|Variety]]
| [[tvN]]
| November 25, 2025
| {{sort|106|1 season, 6 episodes}}
| {{sort|58|58–97 min}}
| Korean
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Star Search]]'' (season 15)
| [[Talent show]]
| {{ubl|[[Broadcast syndication|Syndication]] (seasons 1–13)|[[CBS]] (season 14)}}
| January 20, 2026
| {{sort|109|1 season, 9 episodes}}
| {{sort|70|70–91 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Pop Culture Jeopardy!]]'' (season 2)
| [[Game show]]
| [[Amazon Prime Video]]
| May 11, 2026
| {{sort|120|1 season, 20 episodes}}
| {{sort|24|24–28 min}}
| English
| Season 2 ongoing
|-

|}

== Specials ==
{{For|already released Netflix original specials|List of ended Netflix original programming#Specials}}
These are one-time original events or episodic supplementary content related to original series.

=== One-time ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Runtime
! Language
|-
! data-sort-value="zzz" colspan="5" | Awaiting release
|-
| ''[[Heartstopper Forever]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=April 22, 2025|url=https://deadline.com/2025/04/heartstopper-series-finale-movie-netflix-no-season-4-1236372418/|title=''Heartstopper'' To Wrap Nick & Charlie's Story With Feature Film Finale On Netflix In Lieu Of Season 4|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=April 27, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Teen drama]]
| July 17, 2026<ref>{{cite web|last=Vlessing|first=Etan|title=''Heartstopper'' Finale Movie Sets Release Date|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/heartstopper-forever-movie-release-date-netflix-1236571817/|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 22, 2026|access-date=April 22, 2026}}</ref>
| TBA
| English
|}

=== Episodic ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Language
! Status
|-
| ''[[Is It Cake?]] Holiday''
| Baking [[Reality competition|competition]]
| November 28, 2024
| {{sort|207|2 seasons, 7 episodes}}
| {{sort|39|39–41 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Famous Last Words (TV series)|Famous Last Words]]''
| Culture [[docuseries]]
| October 3, 2025
| {{sort|002|2 episodes}}
| {{sort|50|50–55 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Is It Cake?]] Halloween''
| Baking [[Reality competition|competition]]
| October 8, 2025
| {{sort|104|1 season, 4 episodes}}
| {{sort|35|35–41 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-
| ''[[One Piece (2023 TV series)|One Piece]] Bonus Content''
| Behind the scenes
| March 17, 2026
| {{sort|105|1 season, 5 episodes}}
| {{sort|3|3–5 min}}
| English
| Pending
|-

|}

== Regional original programming ==
These shows are originals because Netflix commissioned or acquired them and had their premiere on the service, but they are not available in all Netflix territories.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Language
! Netflix exclusive region
! Status
|-
| ''Bad Exorcist''
| [[Horror (genre)|Horror comedy]]
| December 3, 2020
| {{sort|678|6 seasons, 78 episodes}}
| {{sort|10|10–17 min}}
| Polish
| Poland
| Pending
|-
| ''[[The Hunting Wives]]''
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| July 21, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|46|46–55 min}}
| English
| Selected territories
| Season 2 due to premiere in 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''The Hunting Wives'' Renewed, Becomes Netflix Global Original As Season 2 Plot Is Revealed|url=https://deadline.com/2025/09/the-hunting-wives-renewed-season-2-netflix-plot-1236529569/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=September 12, 2025|access-date=September 23, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''Innate''
| [[Psychological thriller]]
| December 23, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|44|44–48 min}}
| Spanish
| Spain
| Pending
|-
| ''Doc''
| [[Medical drama|Medical]] [[telenovela]]
| March 4, 2026
| {{sort|140|1 season, 40 episodes}}
| {{sort|43|43–48 min}}
| Spanish
| Latin America
| Pending
|-

|}

=== Co-productions ===
These shows have been commissioned by Netflix in cooperation with a partner network.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Partner/Country
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Language
! Netflix exclusive regions
! Status
|-
| ''[[Single's Inferno]]''
| [[Dating show]]
| [[JTBC]]/South Korea
| December 18, 2021
| {{sort|553|5 seasons, 53 episodes}}
| {{sort|54|54–100 min}}
| Korean
| All other markets<ref>{{cite web|last=Lee|first=Jae-Lim|date=April 22, 2021|url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2021/04/22/entertainment/television/Netflix-Singles-Inferno-JTBC/20210422175200389.html|title=Netflix and JTBC to collaborate on dating reality show|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|access-date=September 25, 2021}}</ref>
| Renewed<ref>{{Cite press release|title=The Heat Is Still On: ''Single's Inferno'' Renewed for Season 6|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/singles-inferno-renewed-for-season-6|website=About Netflix|date=February 11, 2026|access-date=March 15, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[The Parisian Agency: Exclusive Properties]]'' (seasons 2–6)
| [[Property management]] [[Reality show|reality]]
| [[TMC (TV channel)|TMC]]/France
| March 3, 2022
| {{sort|541|5 seasons, 41 episodes}}
| {{sort|51|51–70 min}}
| French
| Selected territories
| Pending
|-
| ''[[A Good Girl's Guide to Murder (TV series)|A Good Girl's Guide to Murder]]''
| [[Coming-of-age story|Coming-of-age]] [[Mystery fiction|mystery]] [[Thriller drama|thriller]]
| {{ubl|[[BBC Three]]/United Kingdom|[[ZDFneo]]/Germany}}
| August 1, 2024
| {{sort|212|2 seasons, 12 episodes}}
| {{sort|41|41–51 min}}
| English
| All other markets except Australia and New Zealand
| Pending
|-
| ''[[North of North]]''
| [[Coming of age story|Coming of age]] [[Television comedy|comedy]]
| [[Aboriginal Peoples Television Network|APTN]] and [[CBC Television]]/Canada
| April 10, 2025
| {{sort|108|1 season, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|23|23–28 min}}
| English
| All other markets
| Season 2 due to premiere in 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/><ref>{{Cite news|date=April 29, 2025|last=Nestruck|first=J. Kelly|title=Arctic comedy ''North of North'' renewed for a second season|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/article-embargoed-to-810pm-et-north-of-north-arctic-comedy-with-100-per-cent/|access-date=April 30, 2025|work=The Globe and Mail}}</ref>
|-

|}

=== Continuations ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Previous network(s)
! Premiere
! Seasons
! Runtime
! Language
! Netflix exclusive region
! Status
|-
| ''[[Temptation Island (TV series)|Temptation Island]]'' (seasons 9–10)
| [[Reality show]]
| {{ubl|[[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] (seasons 1–3)|[[USA Network]] (seasons 4–8)}}
| March 12, 2025
| {{sort|219|2 seasons, 19 episodes}}
| {{sort|48|48–66 min}}
| English
| Selected territories
| Pending
|-
| ''[[Rosario Tijeras (Mexican TV series)|Rosario Tijeras]]'' (season 4)
| [[Telenovela]]
| {{ubl|[[Azteca Uno|Azteca 13]] (season 1)|[[Azteca 7]] (seasons 2–3)}}
| June 18, 2025
| {{sort|140|1 season, 40 episodes}}
| {{sort|43|43–45 min}}
| Spanish
| Selected territories
| Season 5 due to premiere on June 10, 2026<ref name="June 2026"/>
|-
| ''[[Sesame Street]]'' (season 56)
| [[Education television|Educational]]
| {{ubl|[[National Educational Television|NET]] (season 1)|[[PBS]] (seasons 2–45)|[[HBO Kids]] (seasons 46–50)|[[HBO Max|HBO Max/Max]] (seasons 51–55)}}
| November 10, 2025
| {{sort|208|2 volumes, 8 episodes}}
| {{sort|30|30 min}}
| English
| All markets excluding Austria, Germany, and Switzerland<ref>{{Cite web|last=Riedmeier|first=Glenn|title=US-''Sesamstraße'' kommt doch nicht nach Deutschland|url=https://www.wunschliste.de/tvnews/m/netflix-sesamstrasse-erster-trailer-zur-neuen-version|date=November 5, 2025|access-date=November 5, 2025|website=TV Wunschliste|language=de}}</ref>
| Volume 3 due to premiere on June 8, 2026<ref name="AM26 K&F"/>
|-

|}


== Upcoming original programming ==
The following projects have all received series orders from Netflix or are in development, but currently have an unknown specific release date at this time.
=== Drama ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:40%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
|-
| ''[[East of Eden (2026 miniseries)|East of Eden]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Iannucci|first=Rebecca|date=September 26, 2024|title=''East of Eden'' Limited Series, Starring Florence Pugh and Mike Faist, a Go at Netflix|url=https://tvline.com/news/florence-pugh-east-of-eden-series-mike-faist-netflix-1235339935/|website=TVLine|access-date=September 27, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]] [[miniseries]]
| Late 2026<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campione|first=Katie|title=''East Of Eden'': Netflix Sets Fall Premiere & Releases First Teaser For Zoe Kazan's "Modern" John Steinbeck Adaptation|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/east-of-eden-premiere-date-trailer-netflix-1236901502/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 13, 2026|access-date=May 13, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Pride and Prejudice (2026 TV series)|Pride and Prejudice]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|title=Emma Corrin, Jack Lowden & Olivia Colman Set For Leading Roles In Netflix's ''Pride & Prejudice'' Limited Series|url=https://deadline.com/2025/04/emma-corrin-jack-lowden-olivia-colman-netflix-pride-and-prejudice-1236365497/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=April 10, 2025|access-date=April 14, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Period drama]] [[miniseries]]
| Late 2026<ref>{{cite web|last=Gomez|first=Dessi|title=Netflix Unveils ''Pride & Prejudice'' Series Teaser Trailer & Release Window|url=https://deadline.com/2026/02/pride-and-prejudice-series-trailer-netflix-teaser-1236734188/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=February 24, 2026|access-date=February 24, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''{{sort|Body, The|The Body}}''<ref name="Sinners and Body" /><ref>{{cite press release|last=Romero|first=Ariana|date=May 14, 2025|url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/the-body-plot-release-date-news|title=Writer-Director Quinn Shephard to Assemble Teen Psychodrama ''The Body''|access-date=July 6, 2025|website=Netflix Tudum}}</ref>
| [[Coming of age]] [[psychological drama]]
| 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/>
|-
| ''[[Monster (American TV series)|Monster]]: The Lizzie Borden Story''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Monster'': Ella Beatty To Star As Lizzie Borden, Rebecca Hall & Vicky Krieps Also Cast In Season 4|url=https://deadline.com/2025/07/ella-beatty-monster-lizzie-borden-rebecca-hall-vicky-krieps-1236465248/|website=Deadline Hollywood|access-date=August 28, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Crime thriller]]
| 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/>
|-
| ''[[My Brilliant Career (TV series)|My Brilliant Career]]''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramachandran|first=Naman|title=Netflix Sets Australian Series Adaptation of ''My Brilliant Career''|url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/netflix-my-brilliant-career-series-adaptation-1236434621/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=June 17, 2025|access-date=June 17, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Period drama]]
| 2026<ref name="ANZ 2026">{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/news/alan-ritchson-charlize-theron-florence-pugh-netflix-2026-australia-new-zealand-slate-1236664478/|title=Alan Ritchson, Charlize Theron, Florence Pugh Lead Netflix's 2026 Australia-New Zealand Slate|website=Variety|first=Naman|last=Ramachandran|date=February 16, 2026|access-date=February 16, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Unaccustomed Earth#Adaptation|Unaccustomed Earth]]''<ref>{{cite press release|last=Bentley|first=Jean|date=April 23, 2025|url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/unaccustomed-earth-jhumpa-lahiri-series-cast-photos|title=Jhumpa Lahiri's ''Unaccustomed Earth'' Is Becoming a Series|access-date=April 24, 2025|website=Netflix Tudum}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/>
|-
| Untitled [[Newfoundland and Labrador]] series<ref>{{cite web|last=White|first=Peter|date=February 27, 2025|title=Newfoundland Limited Series Set At Netflix From Jesse McKeown|url=https://deadline.com/2025/02/newfoundland-netflix-jesse-mckeown-1236303176/|access-date=February 28, 2025|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref>
| [[Supernatural drama]] [[miniseries]]
| 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/>
|-
| ''{{sort|Age of Innocence, The|[[The Age of Innocence (TV series)|The Age of Innocence]]}}''<ref>{{cite press release|last=McIlvaine|first=Brookie|title=''The Age of Innocence'' Is Coming to Netflix as a Limited Series|url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/the-age-of-innocence-limited-series-edith-wharton-cast-photos|date=April 23, 2025|access-date=April 24, 2025|website=Netflix Tudum}}</ref>
| [[Period drama]] [[miniseries]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Alexander''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=March 5, 2026|title=''Heated Rivalry'' Creator Jacob Tierney Gets Netflix Series Order For Alexander The Great & Aristotle Drama; Jason Bateman's Aggregate Films Producing|url=https://deadline.com/2026/03/jacob-tierney-alexander-netflix-series-heated-rivalry-1236744454/|access-date=March 5, 2026|website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref>
|[[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
|TBA
|-
| ''[[All the Sinners Bleed (TV series)|All the Sinners Bleed]]''<ref name="Sinners and Body">{{cite web|last=Moreau|first=Jordan|title=Netflix Orders ''All the Sinners Bleed'' Series From Joe Robert Cole and ''The Body'' From Quinn Shephard|url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/netflix-all-the-sinners-bleed-the-body-1236397854/|date=May 14, 2025|access-date=July 6, 2025|website=Variety}}</ref>
| [[Crime thriller]]
| TBA
|-
| ''{{sort|Altruists, The|[[The Altruists]]}}''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Julia Garner Poised To Star In & EP Netflix Limited Series About FTX Scam From Graham Moore & Higher Ground|url=https://deadline.com/2025/05/julia-garner-ftx-netflix-series-graham-moore-higher-ground-1236384317/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 2, 2025|access-date=May 2, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Otterson|first=Joe|title=Anthony Boyle to Play Sam Bankman-Fried Opposite Julia Garner as Caroline Ellison in Netflix's FTX Series ''The Altruists''|url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/anthony-boyle-sam-bankman-fried-julia-garner-netflix-ftx-1236413048/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=May 29, 2025|access-date=May 29, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]] [[miniseries]]
| TBA
|-
| ''[[Assassin's Creed (TV series)|Assassin's Creed]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|title=''Assassin's Creed'' Live-Action Series From Roberto Patino & David Wiener Set At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/07/assassins-creed-series-roberto-patino-david-wiener-netflix-1236460663/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=July 17, 2025|access-date=July 17, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Assassin's Creed'': Zachary Hart Joins Netflix Live-Action Series Based On Video Game|url=https://deadline.com/2025/12/assassins-creed-zachary-hart-netflix-live-action-series-1236647717/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=December 15, 2025|access-date=December 16, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Historical drama|Historical]] [[action film|action]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Barbaric''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Barbaric'' Series Based On Comic Ordered By Netflix From Sheldon Turner & A+E Studios; Sam Claflin EPs|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/barbaric-series-netflix-sheldon-turner-sam-claflin-1236900483/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 13, 2026|access-date=May 13, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Medieval fantasy]]
| TBA
|-
| ''[[Black Hole (comics)#Attempted film and eventual series adaptation|Black Hole]]''<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Netflix Lands ''Black Hole'' Drama Based On Graphic Novel With Straight To Series Order|url=https://deadline.com/2025/10/black-hole-netflix-series-graphic-novel-1236594924/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=October 23, 2025|access-date=October 23, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Supernatural fiction|Supernatural]] [[Horror film|horror]]
| TBA
|-
| ''{{sort|Boys from Brazil, The|[[The Boys from Brazil (miniseries)|The Boys from Brazil]]}}''<ref>{{cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|title=Peter Morgan's ''The Boys From Brazil'' TV Reimagination Officially A Go At Netflix With Jeremy Strong & Gillian Anderson Among Leads|url=https://deadline.com/2025/11/peter-morgan-the-boys-from-brazil-netflix-jeremy-strong-1236621052/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=November 18, 2025|access-date=November 19, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Conspiracy thriller]] [[miniseries]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Breakers''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Antony Starr To Lead ''Breakers'' Series Ordered By Netflix From 'Somewhere Boy' Creator & 'Baby Reindeer' Producer|url=https://deadline.com/2026/01/antony-starr-breakers-series-netflix-australia-1236699404/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=January 29, 2026|access-date=January 29, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Calabasas''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Netflix Orders ''Calabasas'' YA Drama From Chris Van Dusen; Kim Kardashian & Emma Roberts Among EPs|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/calabasas-netflix-chris-van-dusen-kim-kardashian-emma-roberts-1236900283/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=May 13, 2026|access-date=May 13, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Teen drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''{{sort|Corrections, The|[[The Corrections#Netflix series|The Corrections]]}}''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=April 2, 2026|title=Netflix Orders ''The Corrections'' Limited Series Starring Meryl Streep|url=https://deadline.com/2026/04/the-corrections-meryl-streep-netflix-series-cord-jefferson-1236767009/|access-date=April 2, 2026|website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]] [[miniseries]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Crew Girl''<ref>{{cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|title=Coming-Of-Age Teen Drama ''Crew Girl'' Gets Netflix Series Order|url=https://deadline.com/2025/09/ya-teen-drama-crew-girl-netflix-series-1236512411/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=September 8, 2025|access-date=September 8, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Sports drama|Sports]] [[teen drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''[[Enigma Variations (novel)#Television adaptation|Enigma Variations]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Netflix Orders ''Enigma Variations'' Limited Series; Aaron Taylor-Johnson To Star, Replacing Jeremy Allen White|url=https://deadline.com/2026/03/enigma-variations-netflix-aaron-taylor-johnson-jeremy-allen-white-1236759952/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=March 19, 2026|access-date=March 19, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Romantic drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''{{sort|God of the Woods, The|[[The God of the Woods#Television adaptation|The God of the Woods]]}}''<ref>{{cite web|last=Campione|first=Katie|title=Netflix Orders Series Adaptation Of Liz Moore's Mystery Novel ''The God Of The Woods''|url=https://deadline.com/2025/12/netflix-the-god-of-the-woods-series-adaptation-liz-moore-1236651408/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=December 17, 2025|access-date=December 17, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Mystery (genre)|Mystery]] [[crime drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''{{sort|Granville Girls, The|The Granville Girls}}''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Whittock|first=Jesse|title=Netflix Canada Orders Romantic Drama ''The Granville Girls'' From Adriana Maggs & Shaftesbury|url=https://deadline.com/2025/10/netflix-canada-granville-girls-adriana-maggs-shaftesbury-1236588625/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=October 16, 2025|access-date=October 18, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Romantic drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''[[Grown Ups (upcoming TV series)|Grown Ups]]''<ref name="UK 2024">{{cite web|last=Shafer|first=Ellise|date=March 14, 2024|title=Julie Delpy-Suranne Jones Political Series ''The Choice'', Real Estate Show ''Buying London'', Marian Keyes' ''Grown Ups'' Adaptation Among Netflix U.K. Commissions|url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/global/netflix-julie-delpy-suranne-jones-the-choice-buying-london-marian-keyes-grown-ups-1235941731/|access-date=March 14, 2024|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''How to Kill Your Family''<ref>{{cite web|last=Tinson|first=Emma|title=Anya Taylor-Joy to lead murderous Netflix revenge series|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a61935068/anya-taylor-joy-netflix-how-to-kill-your-family/|website=[[Digital Spy]]|date=August 21, 2024|access-date=August 21, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''[[Kennedy (upcoming TV series)|Kennedy]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|date=October 20, 2025|title=Netflix Sets Kennedy Dynasty Series Starring Michael Fassbender As Patriarch Joe Sr.|url=https://deadline.com/2025/10/netflix-kennedy-series-michael-fassbender-cast-1236591813/|access-date=October 20, 2025|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref>
| [[Historical drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''{{sort|Lords' Day, The|The Lords' Day}}''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ntim|first=Zac|date= March 26, 2026|title=Damson Idris To Lead & Executive Produce ''The Lords' Day'' TV Adaptation At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2026/03/damson-idris-the-lords-day-netflix-1236766910/|access-date=March 26, 2026|website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref>
| [[Political thriller]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Lovesick''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=April 29, 2026|title=Netflix Lands ''Lovesick'' Starring Claire Danes With Series Order; Romantic Drama Comes From Sarah Treem, Universal TV & Keshet|url=https://deadline.com/2026/04/lovesick-netflix-series-claire-danes-sarah-treem-universal-1236875502/|access-date=April 29, 2026|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref>
| [[Romance drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''[[Mercenary: An Extraction Series]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=February 20, 2025|title=''Extraction'' Series Starring Omar Sy Ordered By Netflix With AGBO Producing|url=https://deadline.com/2025/02/extraction-series-omar-sy-netflix-agbo-1236296071/|access-date=February 20, 2025|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Netflix Reveals First Look At ''Extraction'' Series As Omar Sy Starrer Wraps Production In Ireland|url=https://deadline.com/2025/12/mercenary-an-extraction-series-netflix-omar-sy-first-look-1236650798/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=December 17, 2025|access-date=December 17, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Action thriller]]
| TBA
|-
| ''[[Myron Bolitar series#Television adaptation|Myron Bolitar]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Myron Bolitar'' Netflix Series From David E. Kelley A Go As Streamer Extends Deal With Harlan Coben|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/myron-bolitar-netflix-series-david-e-kelley-harlan-coben-1236900480/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 13, 2026|access-date=May 13, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Pagans''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Joshua Zetumer Spec ''Pagans'' Lands At Netflix With Straight-To-Series Order After Massive Bidding War|url=https://deadline.com/2025/09/joshua-zetumer-pagans-spec-script-netflix-bidding-war-1236545615/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=September 23, 2025|access-date=September 23, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Supernatural fiction|Supernatural]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Poser''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Netflix Greenlights Lauren Iungerich YA Drama Series ''Poser''|url=https://deadline.com/2025/09/poser-netflix-lauren-iungerich-ya-drama-series-1236557584/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=September 29, 2025|access-date=September 29, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Young adult literature|Young adult]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Rabbit, Rabbit''<ref>{{Cite web|last=White|first=Peter|title=Adam Driver To Star In Hostage Drama Series ''Rabbit, Rabbit'' At Netflix From Philip Barantini, Peter Craig & MRC|url=https://deadline.com/2025/10/adam-driver-drama-series-netflix-phil-barantini-peter-craig-1236599524/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=October 29, 2025|access-date=October 29, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Crime drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''{{sort|Retrievals, The|The Retrievals}}''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Netflix Orders ''The Retrievals'' Drama Series From ''Maid'' & ''Sirens'' Molly Smith Metzler & LuckyChap|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/netflix-the-retrievals-drama-series-molly-smith-metzler-1236900397/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 13, 2026|access-date=May 13, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''{{sort|Roman, The|The Roman}}''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Otterson|first=Joe|title=Brian Koppelman, David Levien, Martin Scorsese Team for Las Vegas Casino Drama at Netflix|url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/brian-koppelman-david-levien-martin-scorsese-vegas-netflix-1236598583|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=December 3, 2025|access-date=December 3, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|title=Betty Gilpin, Alec Baldwin & David Costabile Join Netflix's Vegas Drama Series ''The Roman''|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/betty-gilpin-alec-baldwin-david-costabile-the-roman-netflix-1236899608/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 12, 2026|access-date=May 12, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''[[Scooby-Doo: Origins]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Scooby-Doo'' Live-Action Origin Series From Berlanti Productions Ordered By Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/03/scooby-doo-live-action-origin-series-netflix-1236351209/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=March 26, 2025|access-date=March 26, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|title=Netflix Sets ''Scooby-Doo: Origins'' As Live-Action Series' Official Title; Production Begins In Atlanta|url=https://deadline.com/2026/04/netflix-scooby-doo-origins-series-production-begins-1236870513/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=April 24, 2026|access-date=April 24, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Teen drama|Teen]] [[Mystery film|mystery]]
| TBA
|-
| ''So Far Gone''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Netflix Lands ''So Far Gone'' Drama With Straight-To-Series Order From Mark Bomback, Tomorrow Studios & Story Syndicate|url=https://deadline.com/2025/12/so-far-gone-netflix-series-mark-bomback-tomorrow-studios-1236652228/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=December 18, 2025|access-date=December 18, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Crime drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''This Summer Will Be Different''<ref>{{cite web|last=Vlessing|first=Etan|title=''This Summer Will Be Different'' Romance Series Set at Netflix (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/carley-fortune-this-summer-will-be-different-series-1236539662/|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=March 19, 2026|access-date=March 19, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Romance drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Thumblite''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Rosamund Pike Silicon Valley Drama From Scott Z. Burns, Scott Galloway & Media Res Lands Netflix Series Order|url=https://deadline.com/2024/09/rosamund-pike-silicon-valley-drama-netflix-1236048848/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=September 12, 2024|access-date=September 12, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Thriller (genre)#Television|Thriller]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Trigger Point''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Netflix Lands ''Trigger Point'' Drama Starring Joel Edgerton With Straight-To-Series Order From Harrison Query, Jeremy Saulnier & A24|url=https://deadline.com/2025/11/trigger-point-netflix-series-joel-edgerton-a24-1236625430/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=November 21, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Action film|Action]] [[crime drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''[[Trinity (upcoming TV series)|Trinity]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Porter|first=Rick|title=Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Richard Madden to Star in Netflix Thriller ''Trinity''|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/gugu-mbatha-raw-richard-madden-netflix-trinity-1236298284/|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=June 24, 2025|access-date=July 8, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Political thriller]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Twisted Love''<ref>{{cite web|last=Maas|first=Jennifer|title=''Twisted Love'' TV Series, Based on Ana Huang's Hit BookTok Romance Novels, Set at Netflix in Seven-Figure Deal (Exclusive)|url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/twisted-love-series-netflix-ana-huang-1236267232/|website=Variety|date=January 9, 2025|access-date=January 10, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Romantic drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Uncorked''<ref>{{cite web|last=White|first=Peter|title=Netflix Greenlights Napa Valley Rom-Com ''Uncorked'' From Darren Star & David Schulnert|url=http://deadline.com/2026/03/napa-valley-series-netflix-darren-star-david-schulner-1236759480//|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=March 18, 2026|access-date=March 19, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Comedy drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''{{sort|Undertow, The|[[The Undertow (TV series)|The Undertow]]}}''<ref>{{cite web|last=Otterson|first=Joe|title=Jamie Dornan to Play Twin Brothers in Netflix Crime Noir Series ''The Undertow'' (Exclusive)|url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/jamie-dornan-twin-brothers-netflix-series-the-undertow-1235941885/|website=Variety|date=March 14, 2024|access-date=March 14, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Crime drama]]
| TBA
|-
| Untitled [[Alan Chikin Chow]] series<ref>{{cite web|last=Schneider|first=Michael|title=Netflix Picks Up YouTube Star Alan Chikin Chow and Hybe America's Scripted K-Pop TV Series|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/news/netflix-hybe-america-alan-chikin-chow-k-pop-tv-show-1236634923/|website=Variety|date=January 20, 2026|access-date=January 20, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Musical film|Musical]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]]
| TBA
|-
| [[Untitled Charlie Brooker series]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Goldbart|first=Max|title=Charlie Brooker Making Netflix Detective Series Starring Paddy Considine, Georgina Campbell & Lena Headey|url=https://deadline.com/2025/09/charlie-brooker-netflix-series-paddy-considine-lena-headey-1236513082/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=September 9, 2025|access-date=September 9, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Crime thriller]]
| TBA
|-
| Untitled [[Michelle Monaghan]] series<ref>{{cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|title=Michelle Monaghan Cast In Netflix Hockey Drama From Shawn Levy's 21 Laps|url=https://deadline.com/2025/11/michelle-monaghan-cast-netflix-hockey-drama-shawn-levy-1236614792/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=November 12, 2025|access-date=November 12, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Sports film|Sports]] [[drama (film and television)|drama]]
| TBA
|-
| Untitled ''[[The Secret of Secrets (Brown novel)|The Secret of Secrets]]'' series<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Robert Langdon TV Series Based On ''The Secret of Secrets'' Ordered By Netflix From Dan Brown & Carlton Cuse|url=https://deadline.com/2025/05/robert-langdon-the-secret-of-secrets-netflix-carlton-cuse-1236405279/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=May 22, 2025|access-date=May 22, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Mystery film|Mystery]] [[Thriller film|thriller]]
| TBA
|-
| Untitled [[Tim McGraw]] series<ref>{{cite web|last=Campione|first=Katie|date=May 15, 2024|title=Tim McGraw To Lead Untitled Bull Riding Drama Series For Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2024/05/tim-mcgraw-bull-riding-drama-series-netflix-1235917797/|access-date=May 15, 2024|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''[[Weather Girl (2024 play)|Weather Girl]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Whittock|first=Jesse|title=Netflix Confirms Limited Series ''Weather Girl'' From A24 & Team Downey|url=https://deadline.com/2025/10/netflix-weather-girl-a24-ginger-team-downey-1236593841/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=October 22, 2025|access-date=October 23, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]] [[miniseries]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Where There's Smoke''<ref>{{cite web|last=Goldbart|first=Max|title=Netflix Confirms Tyler Perry Firefighter Drama ''Where There's Smoke'' Starring Tyler Lepley, Mike Merrill & Da'Vinchi|url=https://deadline.com/2026/03/netflix-tyler-perry-where-theres-smoke-tyler-lepley-mike-merrill-1236742260/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=March 3, 2026|access-date=March 3, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''{{sort|Woods, The|The Woods}}''<ref>{{cite web|last=Goldbart|first=Max|title=Netflix Lands On Latest Harlan Coben Adaptation With ''The Woods'' Starring Tom Bateman & Michelle Keegan|url=https://deadline.com/2026/04/netflix-the-woods-harlan-coben-tv-series-michelle-keegan-1236875658/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=April 29, 2026|access-date=April 29, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Crime drama]]
| TBA
|}

=== Comedy ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
|-
| ''[[Hollywood Arts]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Victorious'' Trina Vega Spinoff ''Hollywood Arts'' Starring Daniella Monet Moves To Netflix With Series Order & Cast Set; Nick & P+ Get Second Window|url=https://deadline.com/2025/10/victorious-trina-vega-spinoff-hollywood-arts-daniella-monet-netflix-1236596090/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=October 24, 2025|access-date=October 24, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Teen sitcom]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Minimum Wage''<ref>{{cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|title=American High's ''Minimum Wage'' Gets Netflix Series Order|url=https://deadline.com/2026/04/american-high-minimum-wage-netflix-series-order-1236877223/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=April 30, 2026|date=April 30, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Workplace comedy]]
| 2026
|-
| ''{{sort|Hundred Percent, A|A Hundred Percent}}''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Nick Kroll, Sam Richardson, Jason Mantzoukas & Vanessa Bayer Star In ''A Hundred Percent'' Comedy Series Ordered By Netflix From Kroll & Gabe Liedman|url=https://deadline.com/2026/01/nick-kroll-comedy-series-order-netflix-gabe-liedman-1236666269/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=January 7, 2026|access-date=January 7, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| TBA
|-
| ''I Suck at Girls''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=March 5, 2026|title=''I Suck At Girls'' Casts Kayo Martin, Jeremy Ray Taylor & Laila Pruitt As Leads, Gets Official Netflix Green Light|url=https://deadline.com/2026/03/i-suck-at-girls-cast-kayo-martin-leads-netflix-series-order-1236744440/|access-date=March 5, 2026|website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref>
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| TBA
|}

=== Animation ===
==== Adult animation ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Language
|-
| ''Dang!''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Netflix Orders ''Dang!'' Adult Animated Series Starring Stephanie Hsu, Poppy Liu & Andrew Law From 'The Good Place' Trio|url=https://deadline.com/2026/02/netflix-dang-adult-animated-series-mike-schur-andrew-law-1236728986/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=February 19, 2026|access-date=February 19, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| 2026
| English
|-
| ''Dad's House''<ref>{{cite web|last=Milligan|first=Mercedes|title=Netflix Opens Doors to Adult Animated Comedy ''Dad's House'' from ''Smiling Friends'' & ''Italian Spiderman'' Creators|url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2026/04/netflix-opens-doors-to-adult-animated-comedy-dads-house-from-smiling-friends-italian-spiderman-creators/|website=Animation Magazine|date=April 29, 2026|access-date=April 29, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| TBA
| English
|-
| ''Living the Dream''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Goldbart|first=Max|title=Netflix Orders Adult Animated Workplace Sitcom ''Living The Dream'' Starring Ambika Mod & Julia Davis|url=https://deadline.com/2025/11/netflix-living-the-dream-animation-ambika-mod-george-gendi-1236614950/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=November 12, 2025|access-date=November 12, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Workplace comedy]]
| TBA
| English
|-
| ''[[Magic: The Gathering#Television series|Magic: The Gathering]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2024/09/magic-the-gathering-netflix-animated-adaptation-terry-matalas-1236094965/|title=''Magic: The Gathering'': Netflix Starts Animated Adaptation From Scratch With Terry Matalas As New Showrunner|last=White|first=Peter|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=September 19, 2024|access-date=September 19, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Fantasy]]
| TBA
| English
|-
| ''[[Midnight Sun (Meyer novel)|Midnight Sun]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Mitovich|first=Matt Webb|title=''Twilight'' Offshoot ''Midnight Sun'' Gets Netflix Series Order, With a Twist|url=https://tvline.com/news/twilight-midnight-sun-netflix-series-order-animated-edward-cullen-1235326270/|website=TVLine|date=September 4, 2024|access-date=September 4, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Supernatural horror]]
| TBA
| English
|-
| Untitled ''Absurdverse'' series<ref>{{cite web|last=Maas|first=Jennifer|title=Rockstar Games Co-Founder Dan Houser Unveils Cast of His Sprawling ''Absurdverse'' Video Game-TV Series Franchise; First Animated Shorts to Premiere in May (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/news/dan-houser-absurdverse-tv-show-video-game-cast-1236726823/|website=Variety|date=April 21, 2026|access-date=April 21, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]] [[satire]]
| TBA
| English
|}

==== Anime ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
|-
| ''{{sort|One Piece, The|[[One Piece#Upcoming original net animation|The One Piece]]}}''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-12-17/wit-studio-produces-the-one-piece-anime-series-remake-for-netflix/.205618|title=Wit Studio Produces ''The One Piece'' Anime Series Remake for Netflix|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=December 17, 2023|access-date=December 17, 2023}}</ref>
| [[Adventure fiction|Adventure]]/[[Science fantasy]]
| February 2027<ref>{{cite web|last=Cacciatore|first=Francesco|title=Netflix's new ''One Piece'' anime gets official release date info and some disappointing news|url=https://www.polygon.com/the-one-piece-anime-remake-release-date-wit-netflix-episodes-number/|website=Polygon|date=May 5, 2026|access-date=May 5, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Cyberpunk: Edgerunners 2]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://comicbook.com/anime/news/cyberpunk-edgerunners-sequel-netflix-teaser/|title=Netflix Teases New ''Cyberpunk'' Anime with CDPR in New Promo|last=Peters|first=Megan|website=[[ComicBook.com]]|date=September 19, 2024|access-date=September 19, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Massoto|first=Erick|date=July 4, 2025|title=''Cyberpunk: Edgerunners'' Just Got a Massive Update After 3-Year Hiatus|url=https://collider.com/cyberpunk-edgerunners-season-2-sequel/|website=Collider|access-date=July 4, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Science fiction on television|Science fiction]]
| TBA
|}

==== Kids & family ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Language
! Premiere
|-
| ''[[Ghostbusters (franchise)#Netflix animated series|Ghostbusters]]''<ref name="animation 2024">{{cite press release|url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/new-animated-movies-shows|title=Your Ultimate Guide to the Animated Movies and Shows Coming to Netflix|website=[[Tudum#Tudum (website)|Tudum]]|date=June 6, 2024|access-date=June 6, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Otterson|first=Joe|title=Netflix Greenlights ''Ghostbusters'' Animated Series, Taps Elliott Kalan as Executive Producer (Exclusive)|url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/ghostbusters-netflix-animated-series-elliott-kalan-showrunner-1236103988/|website=Variety|date=August 12, 2024|access-date=August 13, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Comedy horror|Horror comedy]]
| English
| 2027<ref name="Annecy2026">{{cite web|url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2026/02/mating-season-adult-animated-comedy-reveals-voice-cast-launch-date/|title=''Mating Season'' Adult Animated Comedy Reveals Voice Cast & Launch Date|last=Milligan|first=Mercedes|website=[[Animation Magazine]]|date=February 13, 2026|access-date=February 13, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mafalda]]''<ref name="Argentina 2024">{{cite web|last=Jones|first=Holly|title=Netflix Unveils 2024 ''Made in Argentina'' Lineup: Beloved Comic Strip Character Mafalda Gets Series Treatment, Ricardo Darín Touts Drama ''The Eternaut''|url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/global/netflix-made-in-argentina-mafalda-ricardo-darin-el-eternauta-1236096598/|website=Variety|date=August 6, 2024|access-date=August 6, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| Spanish
| 2027<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/netflix-argentina-buenos-aires-1236557228/|title=Netflix Opens Buenos Aires Office, Marking Latin America Expansion Effort|last=Szalai|first=Georg|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=April 7, 2026|access-date=April 7, 2026|quote=Both releases are scheduled for next year.}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Hotel Transylvania#Motel Transylvania (2027)|Motel Transylvania]]''
| [[Comedy horror|Horror comedy]]
| English
| 2027<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/tv/3911938/netflixs-motel-transylvania-animated-series-will-open-its-doors-in-2027/|title=Netflix's ''Motel Transylvania'' Animated Series Will Open Its Doors in 2027|first=Alex|last=DiVincenzo|website=[[Bloody Disgusting]]|date=October 30, 2025|access-date=October 31, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| Untitled ''[[Clash of Clans]]'' series<ref>{{Cite web|last=Otterson|first=Joe|date=May 20, 2025|title=''Clash of Clans'' Animated Series Ordered at Netflix|url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/clash-of-clans-animated-series-netflix-1236378413/|access-date=May 25, 2025|website=Variety}}</ref>
| [[Adventure fiction|Adventure]]
| English
| TBA
|-
| Untitled ''[[Minecraft (franchise)|Minecraft]]'' series<ref>{{cite web|last=Hailu|first=Selome|title=''Minecraft'' Animated Series in the Works at Netflix Featuring New Characters|url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/minecraft-animated-series-netflix-1236019300/|website=Variety|date=May 30, 2024|access-date=May 30, 2024}}</ref><ref name="NetflixAnnecy25">{{cite web|last=Lang|first=Jamie|title=''Minecraft'', ''Clash of Clans'', ''Magic the Gathering'' and ''Ghostbusters'' Series Teased at Netflix Annecy Studio Focus|url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/global/minecraft-clash-of-clans-magic-the-gathering-netflix-1236429388/|website=Variety|date=June 11, 2025|access-date=June 11, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Adventure fiction|Adventure]]
| English
| TBA
|-
| Untitled ''[[Rebel Moon#Other media|Rebel Moon]]'' series<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbr.com/rebel-moon-animated-series-announcement|title=Netflix's ''Rebel Moon'' Is Getting an Animated Series Spinoff|last=Dick|first=Jeremy|website=[[Comic Book Resources|CBR]]|date=November 3, 2023|access-date=November 3, 2023}}</ref>
| [[Space opera]]
| English
| TBA
|-
| ''Young MacDonald''<ref name="AM26 K&F"/>
| [[Preschool]] [[Musical film|musical]]
| English
| TBA
|}

=== Non-English language scripted ===

==== German ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
|-
| ''Love & Chaos''<ref name="Germany 2026"/>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''{{sort|Trap, The|The Trap}}''<ref>{{cite press release|title=''The Trap'' – New psychological thriller series in production|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/the-trap-new-psychological-thriller-series-in-production|website=About Netflix|date=June 3, 2025|access-date=June 4, 2025}}</ref><ref name="Euro 2025">{{cite web|last=Whittock|first=Jesse|title=Netflix Orders Italian Driving Drama ''Motor Valley'', New ''Too Hot To Handle'', Lukas Podolski Doc & Miniseries From ''Dear Child'' Co-Creator Isabel Kleefeld|url=https://deadline.com/2025/01/netflix-europe-orignals-motor-valley-die-falle-1236272674/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=January 30, 2025|access-date=January 30, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Psychological thriller]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Witches''<ref>{{cite web|last=Whittock|first=Jesse|title=''The Empress'' Makers Set Next Netflix Project With Dark Historical Epic ''Witches''|url=https://deadline.com/2026/02/netflix-witches-empress-showrunners-katharina-robert-eyssen-1236716985/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=February 12, 2026|access-date=February 13, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Historical drama]]
| TBA
|}

==== Hindi ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
|-
| ''Akka''<ref name="India 2025">{{cite web|last=Merican|first=Sarah|title=Netflix Unveils India Originals Slate For 2025 Including ''Dining With The Kapoors'', ''Akka'' & ''The Ba***ds of Bollywood''|url=https://deadline.com/2025/02/netflix-unveils-india-original-slate-2025-dining-with-the-kapoors-akka-bads-of-bollywood-1236276555/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=February 3, 2025|access-date=February 3, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| 2026<ref name="India 2026"/>
|-
| ''Chumbak''<ref name="India 2026"/>
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Family Business''<ref name="India 2026">{{cite web|last=Ramachandran|first=Naman|title=Sunny Deol, Madhuri Dixit, Saif Ali Khan Lead Netflix India's 2026 Slate|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/news/sunny-deol-madhuri-dixit-saif-ali-khan-netflix-india-2026-slate-1236650586/|website=Variety|date=February 3, 2026|access-date=February 3, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Musafir Cafe''<ref name="India 2026"/>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| 2026
|-
| ''O Saathi Re''<ref>{{cite web|last=Whittock|first=Jesse|title=Aditi Rao Hydari, Avinash Tiwary & Arjun Rampal To Lead Imtiaz Ali Drama Series For Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/02/imtiaz-ali-netflix-india-series-casting-1236302199/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=February 26, 2025|access-date=February 27, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Romance drama]]
| 2026<ref name="India 2026"/>
|-
| ''Operation Safed Sagar''<ref>{{cite press release|title=Video: ''Operation Safed Sagar'' - First Look - Netflix|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/video/2025/11/01/video-operation-safed-sagar-first-look-netflix-116212/20251101netflix01/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=November 1, 2025|access-date=November 4, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Military fiction|Military]] [[action drama]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Talaash: A Mother’s Search''<ref name="India 2026"/>
| [[Mystery film|Mystery]] [[thriller (genre)|thriller]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Yeh Dil Sun Raha Hai''<ref name="India 2026"/>
| [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Rakt Bramhand – The Bloody Kingdom''<ref>{{cite press release|title=Netflix India Partners with Raj & DK to Create Its First Action Fantasy Drama, ''Rakt Bramhand - The Bloody Kingdom''|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2024/07/26/netflix-india-partners-with-raj-and-dk-to-create-its-first-action-fantasy-drama-rakt-bramhand-the-bloody-kingdom-319115/20240726netflix03/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=July 26, 2024|access-date=July 29, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Fantasy]] [[Action film|action]]
| TBA
|}

==== Italian ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
|-
| ''ChiaroScuro''<ref>{{cite web|date=June 5, 2025|language=it|url=https://www.comingsoon.it/serietv/news/netflix-annuncia-chiaroscuro-nuova-serie-italiana-con-pierpaolo-spollon-e/n202441/|title=Netflix annuncia ''ChiaroScuro'', nuova serie italiana con Pierpaolo Spollon e Andrea Lattanzi: Le prime foto|first=Emanuele|last=Manta}}</ref>
| [[Crime fiction|Light crime]]
| 2026<ref name="Italy 2026"/>
|-
| ''Minerva Academy''<ref name="Italy 2026"/>
| [[Teen drama]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Nemesis''<ref>{{cite tweet|author=Netflix Italia|user=NetflixIT|number=1905213206756290623|language=it|title=Al via le riprese di ''Nemesi'', la nuova serie Netflix in sei episodi con Pierfrancesco Favino, Barbara Ronchi ed Elodie. Destino e segreti si intrecciano in un thriller che terrà col fiato sospeso, presto su Netflix.}}</ref>
| [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]
| 2026<ref name="Italy 2026"/>
|-
| ''SuburraMaxima''<ref name="Italy 2026">{{cite web|last=Goodfellow|first=Melanie|title=Netflix Italy Unveils ''Suburra'' Spinoff; Daniele Luchetti Rom-Com 'Noi Un Po' Meglio' & New WWE Offering|url=https://deadline.com/2026/01/netflix-italy-suburra-spinoff-daniele-luchetti-romcom-wwe-1236691430/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=January 21, 2026|access-date=January 21, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Crime drama]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Il capo perfetto''<ref>{{cite tweet|language=it|author=Netflix Italia|user=NetflixIT|number=1861364279854932081|title=Giulio Zagni è da sempre il sovrano indiscusso della sua fabbrica, l'uomo su cui tutti possono contare. Ma cosa succede se questo perfetto meccanismo si inceppa? Luca Zingaretti è ''Il capo perfetto'', nella nuova serie basata sul film ''El Buen Patrón'' di Fernando León de Aranoa e diretta da Roan Johnson e Niccolò Falsetti, prossimamente, solo su Netflix!|access-date=November 26, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Comedy drama]]
| TBA
|}

==== Japanese ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
|-
| ''Did Someone Happen to Mention Me?''<ref name="Japan 10th anniversary">{{cite web|title=Netflix Unveils Three New Japanese Series, ''Steel Ball Run'', ''Straight To Hell'' & ''Did Someone Happen To Mention Me?''|url=https://deadline.com/2025/09/netflix-new-japanese-series-steel-ball-run-jojo-bizarre-adventure-1236528983/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=September 11, 2025|access-date=September 12, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Plastic Beauty''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramachandran|first=Naman|title=''Alice in Borderland'' Star Riisa Naka, ''Shoplifters'' Actor Mayu Matsuoka to Face Off in Netflix Cosmetic Surgery Drama ''Plastic Beauty''|url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/alice-in-borderland-riisa-naka-netflix-cosmetic-surgery-drama-plastic-beauty-1236486074/|website=Variety|date=August 10, 2025|access-date=August 11, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Quiztopia''<ref>{{Cite press release|title=Takayuki Yamada Stars in ''Quiztopia'', a Live-Action Adaptation of Fan-Favorite Manga ''Kokumin Kuizu''|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/quiztopia-announcement|website=About Netflix|date=January 28, 2025|access-date=January 28, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Utopian and dystopian fiction|Dystopian fiction]]
| 2026<ref name="Japan 2026">{{cite web|last=Ramachandran|first=Naman|title=Netflix Japan Unveils Details of 2026 Slate, Forges MAPPA Partnership and Toho Production Deal|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/news/netflix-japan-2026-slate-1236641086/|website=Variety|date=January 27, 2026|access-date=January 27, 2026}}</ref>
|-
| ''S&X''<ref>{{cite press release|title=Kento Nakajima to Star in Netflix Manga Adaptation ''S&X'', Exploring Intimacy and Modern Relationships|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/01/12/kento-nakajima-to-star-in-netflix-manga-adaptation-sandx-exploring-intimacy-and-modern-relationships-214215/20260112netflix04/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=January 12, 2026|access-date=January 13, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| 2026
|}

==== Korean ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
|-
| ''{{sort|East Palace, The|[[The East Palace]]}}''<ref>{{cite web|title=Actors Cho Seung-woo, Nam Joo-hyuk, Roh Yoon-seo to star in upcoming Netflix series|url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2024-12-12/entertainment/television/Actors-Cho-Seungwoo-Nam-Joohyuk-Roh-Yoonseo-to-star-in-upcoming-Netflix-series/2198938|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|last=Kim|first=Ji-ye|date=December 12, 2024|access-date=December 12, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Fantasy television|Fantasy]] [[Sageuk|period drama]]
| Mid-2026<ref name="2026 k-contents"/>
|-
| ''Mousetrap''<ref>{{cite press release|title=A Gripping Identity Chase Unfolds in New Thriller Series ''The Rat'' (WT)|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/new-thriller-series-the-rat-wt-in-production|website=About Netflix|date=May 20, 2025|access-date=May 20, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]
| Mid-2026<ref name="2026 k-contents"/>
|-
| ''[[Our Sticky Love]]''<ref>{{cite press release|title=From Lost Memories to Found Love: Jung Hae-in and Ha-young Star in Upcoming Romcom Series ''Lovestuck''|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/korean-romcom-series-lovestuck-in-production|website=About Netflix|date=May 14, 2025|access-date=May 14, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Romantic comedy]]
| Mid-2026<ref name="2026 k-contents"/>
|-
| ''{{sort|Scandal, The|[[The Scandal (2026 TV series)|The Scandal]]}}''<ref>{{cite web|last=Merican|first=Sara|date=March 26, 2025|title=Netflix Sets Korean Series ''Scandals'' Starring Son Ye-jin, Ji Chang-wook & Nana|url=https://deadline.com/2025/03/netflix-sets-korean-series-scandals-starring-son-ye-jin-ji-chang-wook-nana-1236351480/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=March 27, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Sageuk|Historical]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]]
| Mid-2026<ref name="2026 k-contents"/>
|-
| ''Dead-End Job''<ref>{{cite press release|date=April 28, 2025|title=Enter the World of ''Perfect Job'' A Thrilling New Series of Mystery, Horror, and Fantasy|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/korean-mystery-horror-series-perfect-job-in-production|website=About Netflix|access-date=May 20, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Mystery fiction|Mystery]] [[Korean horror|horror]] [[Fantasy television|fantasy]]
| Late 2026<ref name="2026 k-contents"/>
|-
| ''Road''<ref>{{cite press release|title=New International Crime Series ''Road'' (wt) Explores Twisted Murders Across Borders|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2025/09/11/new-international-crime-series-road-wt-explores-twisted-murders-across-borders-935411/20250911netflix06/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=September 11, 2025|access-date=September 12, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Crime drama]]
| Late 2026<ref name="2026 k-contents"/>
|-
| ''Take Charge of My Heart''<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/take-charge-of-my-heart-production|title=New Korean Romantic Comedy ''Take Charge of My Heart'' Production and Cast Confirmed|date=July 29, 2025|access-date=July 29, 2025|website=About Netflix}}</ref>
| [[Romantic fantasy]]
| Late 2026<ref name="2026 k-contents"/>
|-
| ''[[Tantara (TV series)|Tantara]]''<ref>{{cite press release|date=February 10, 2025|title=Dive into the 1960s and 80s Korean Music Scene with Upcoming Series ''Show Business'' (WT)|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/show-business-wt-production|website=About Netflix|access-date=February 10, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Period drama]]
| Late 2026<ref name="2026 k-contents"/>
|-
| ''{{sort|Facade of Love, The|The Facade of Love}}''<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Ramanchandran|first=Naman|date=April 15, 2026|title=''The World of the Married'' Director Mo Wan-il Sets Netflix K-Drama ''The Facade of Love'' With Lee Dong-wook, Jeon So-nee, Jung Yu-mi|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/news/world-of-the-married-director-netflix-facade-of-love-1236722326/|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=April 16, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Romance drama|Romance]] [[Korean melodrama|melodrama]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Long Vacation''<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Ramachandran|first=Naman|date=March 31, 2026|title=''Crash Landing on You'' Director Lee Jung-hyo Takes a ''Long Vacation'' With Netflix|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/news/crash-landing-on-you-director-long-vacation-netflix-1236703402/|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=April 1, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Romance drama]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Beauty in the Beast''<ref>{{cite web|last=Yoon|first=So-yeon|date=January 8, 2026|url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2026-01-08/entertainment/television/Kim-Minju-to-star-as-college-werewolf-in-new-Netflix-series-Beauty-in-the-Beast/2495870|title=Kim Min-ju to star as college werewolf in new Netflix series ''Beauty in the Beast''|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|access-date=January 8, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Romantic fantasy]]
| TBA
|-
| ''{{sort|Dealer, The|The Dealer}}''<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Ramachandran|first=Naman|date=January 13, 2026|title=''Squid Game'' Creator Hwang Dong-hyuk Sets New Netflix Series ''The Dealer'', Starring Jung So-min|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/news/squid-game-creator-hwang-dong-hyuk-netflix-series-the-dealer-1236630053/|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=January 14, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Crime drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Fall in! Love''<ref>{{cite press release|title=His Former Commanding Officer is Now His Junior?! Park Hyung-sik and Park Gyu-young to Star in Netflix's Role-Reversal Rom-Com ''Fall in! Love''|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/fall-in-love-production-announcement|website=About Netflix|date=April 6, 2026|access-date=April 6, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Romantic comedy]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Grand Galaxy Hotel''<ref>{{cite press release|title=''Grand Galaxy Hotel'' Open for Business: Netflix Confirms Production and Cast|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/grand-galaxy-hotel-production|website=About Netflix|date=October 12, 2025|access-date=October 13, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Romantic fantasy]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Kin and Sin''<ref>{{cite web|last=Son|first=Jung-bin|date=October 21, 2025|url=https://www.newsis.com/view/NISX20251021_0003370539|script-title=ko:삼남매 된 한석규·윤계상·추자현...넷플릭스 '괸당'|trans-title=Han Suk-kyu, Yoon Kye-sang, and Choo Ja-hyun become three siblings...Netflix's ''Kin and Sin''|website=[[Newsis]]|language=ko|access-date=January 8, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Noir fiction|Noir]] [[family drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Love O'Clock''<ref>{{cite press release|title=Netflix Confirms Production of ''Love O'Clock'' from the Writers of ''Business Proposal'' and ''True Beauty'' Director|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/love-o-clock-production|website=About Netflix|date=February 11, 2026|access-date=February 11, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Romantic fantasy]]
| TBA
|-
| ''[[Solo Leveling#Live-action series|Solo Leveling]]''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Brzeski|first=Patrick|title=Netflix Orders Live-Action Adaptation of Korean Fantasy Sensation ''Solo Leveling'' With Byeon Woo-seok Set to Star|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/netflix-live-action-solo-leveling-byeon-woo-seok-1236310837/|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=July 9, 2025|access-date=July 10, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Action drama|Action]] [[Fantasy television|fantasy]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Variety''<ref>{{cite web|last=Brzeki|first=Patrick|title=Netflix Greenlights K-Pop Drama ''Variety'' Starring Son Ye-jin and Jo Yu-ri|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/netflix-k-pop-drama-variety-son-ye-jin-jo-yu-ri-1236324395/|website=Variety|date=July 20, 2025|access-date=August 8, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| TBA
|}

==== Mandarin ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
|-
| ''Bloody Smart''<ref name="Taiwan 2026"/>
| [[Fantasy drama]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Confessions''<ref name="Taiwan 2026">{{cite web|last=Brzeski|first=Patrick|title=Netflix Unveils Chinese-Language Slate Led by Wallace Huo, Ethan Ruan and Cannes Favorite ''Left-Handed Girl''|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/netflix-unveils-2026-chinese-language-slate-wallace-huo-ethan-ruan-left-handed-girl-1236488217/|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=January 29, 2026|access-date=January 29, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Psychological thriller]]
| 2026
|-
| ''The Fixers''<ref name="Taiwan 2026"/>
| [[Action comedy]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Dogman''<ref name="Taiwan 2026"/>
| [[Musical film|Musical]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]]
| 2026
|-
| ''How to Survive Med School''<ref name="Taiwan 2026"/>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Miracles of the ER''<ref name="Taiwan 2026"/>
| [[Medical drama]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Pacify''<ref name="Taiwan 2026"/>
| [[Science fiction on television|Science fiction]] [[action film|action]] [[thriller (genre)|thriller]]
| 2026
|}

==== Polish ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! data-sort-type="date" | Premiere
|-
| ''Anaesthesia''<ref name="Poland 2026"/>
| [[Medical drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''[[The Doll (TV series)|The Doll]]''<ref name="Poland 2026">{{cite web|last=Goldbart|first=Max|title=Netflix Poland Unveils Comedy Detective Movie & First Look At TV Adaptation Of Beloved Polish Novel ''The Doll''|url=https://deadline.com/2026/01/netflix-poland-first-look-the-doll-revenge-comedy-detective-movie-1236690085/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=January 20, 2026|access-date=January 20, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Historical drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Nights & Days''<ref>{{cite press release|title=Netflix Announces the Series ''Nights & Days'', Directed by Kamila Tarabura|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/01/19/netflix-announces-the-series-nights-and-days-directed-by-kamila-tarabura-718515/20260119netflix01/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=January 19, 2026|access-date=January 19, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Historical drama]]
| TBA
|}

==== Portuguese ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! data-sort-type="date" | Premiere
|-
| Untitled [[Mauro Mendonça Filho]] series<ref name="Brazil 2026">{{cite web|last=de la Fuente|first=Anna Marie|title=Netflix Will Stream ''The Secret Agent'' in Brazil, Opens New São Paulo Headquarters|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/global/the-secret-agent-streaming-netflix-1236642676/|website=Variety|date=January 27, 2026|access-date=January 28, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| 2026
|-
| ''As Crianças Estão de Volta''<ref name="Brazil 2025"/>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Fúria''<ref name="brazil2025">{{cite web|title=Netflix's Brazil Slate Includes 1970s Soccer Drama, ''Sintonia'' Movie Spin-Off & Docs With Ronaldinho And Neymar|url=https://deadline.com/2025/05/netflix-brazil-2023-slate-neymar-soccer-docs-sintonia-movie-1236410773/|website=Deadline Hollywood|first=Stewart|last=Clarke|date=May 26, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Martial arts film|Martial arts]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Habeas Corpus''<ref name="Brazil 2025"/>
| [[Legal drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''MED''<ref name="Brazil 2026-2">{{cite web|last=Hopewell|first=John|title=Netflix Brazil Unveils Its First Medical Series, Plus an Evangelical Special, a Third Melodrama and an Open Marriage Comedy (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/global/netflix-brazil-clara-moneke-heitor-dhalia-maria-farinha-1236758030/|website=Variety|date=May 26, 2026|access-date=May 26, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Medical drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Os 12 Signos de Valentina''<ref name="Brazil 2025"/>
| [[Romantic comedy]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Os Crentes''<ref name="Brazil 2026-2"/>
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Rauls''<ref name="Brazil 2025">{{cite web|last=Hopewell|first=John|title=Netflix Brazil Unveils More Details on Adaptation of Paulo Coelho's ''The Pilgrimage'', and a New Thriller from Raphael Montes, Brazil's King of Crime|url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/global/netflix-brazil-paulo-coelho-raphael-montes-vicente-amorim-1236604817/|website=Variety|date=December 9, 2025|access-date=December 10, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Crime drama]]
| TBA
|-
| Untitled [[melodrama]] series<ref name="Brazil 2026-2"/>
| [[Telenovela|Brazilian telenovela]]
| TBA
|-
| Untitled [[open marriage]] series<ref name="Brazil 2026-2"/>
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| TBA
|}

==== Spanish ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! data-sort-type="date" | Premiere
|-
| ''Alicia's Law''<ref name="Mexico 2026">{{cite web|last=Clarke|first=Stewart|title=Netflix Unveils Mexican Slate Featuring Canelo Álvarez Doc, Live Supernova Boxing Event & ''Physical 100''|url=https://deadline.com/2026/01/netflix-mexico-slate-canelo-alvarez-supernova-physical-100-1236693314/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=January 22, 2026|access-date=January 23, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Legal drama]]
| 2026
|-
| ''All the Truth Behind My Lies''<ref>{{Cite press release|title=Netflix Begins Filming of Its New Adaptation: ''All The Truth Behind My Lies''|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/netflix-begins-filming-of-its-new-adaptation-all-the-truth-behind-my-lies|website=About Netflix|date=May 27, 2025|access-date=May 27, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Romance drama]] [[miniseries]]
| 2026<ref name="Spain 2026"/>
|-
| ''Gordon''<ref>{{cite press release|title=Rodrigo de la Serna Will Play Anibal Gordon in a New Netflix Series|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2025/07/31/rodrigo-de-la-serna-will-play-anibal-gordon-in-a-new-netflix-series-919412/20250731netflix03/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=July 31, 2025|access-date=August 6, 2025}}</ref><ref name="Argentina 2026"/>
| [[True crime]] [[thriller (genre)|thriller]]
| 2026<ref name="Argentina 2026"/>
|-
| ''Lobo''<ref name="Spain 2026">{{cite web|last=Hopewell|first=John|title=Netflix Spain Unveils New Projects From Oriol Paulo, Alberto Marini and Jon Sistiaga|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/global/netflix-spain-oriol-paulo-alberto-marini-jon-sistiaga-1236640792/|website=Variety|date=January 26, 2026|access-date=January 26, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Historical drama|Historical]] [[true crime]] [[crime drama|drama]] [[miniseries]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Lovesick''<ref>{{cite web|title=''Mal de amores'' de Netflix será protagonizada por Renata Vaca, Juan Pablo Fuentes e Iván Amozurrutia|url=https://www.produ.com/television/noticias/mal-de-amores-de-netflix-sera-protagonizada-por-renata-vaca-juan-pablo-fuentes-e-ivan-amozurrutia/|website=Produ|date=February 12, 2025|access-date=February 20, 2025|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release|title=New 100% Mexican Series Are on the Way|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/nuevas-series-mexicanas-2025|website=About Netflix|date=April 29, 2025|access-date=October 7, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Historical drama]]
| 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/>
|-
| ''My Sad Dead''<ref>{{Cite press release|title=Netflix Announces the Production of ''My Sad Dead'' (''Mis muertos tristes'')|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/netflix-announces-the-production-of-mis-muertos-tristes|website=About Netflix|date=June 3, 2025|access-date=June 6, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Horror film|Horror]] [[miniseries]]
| 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/>
|-
| ''{{sort|Other Father, The|The Other Father}}''<ref name="Mexico 2026"/>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Crimen desorganizado''<ref name="Argentina 2026">{{cite press release|title=Netflix Opens New Offices and Unveils Its "Made in Argentina" Slate for 2026-2027|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/04/07/netflix-opens-new-offices-and-unveils-its-made-in-argentina-slate-for-2026-2027-321013/20260407netflix07/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=April 7, 2026|access-date=April 15, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Dark comedy]] [[crime drama|crime]] [[thriller (genre)|thriller]]
| 2027
|-
| ''{{sort|Future Is Ours, The|The Future Is Ours}}''<ref>{{cite web|last=de la Fuente|first=Anna Marie|title=Netflix Latin America Bets Big on Philip K. Dick Adaptation ''The Future Is Ours'' (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/global/netflix-latin-america-philip-k-dick-the-future-is-ours-1236562920/|website=Variety|date=October 28, 2025|access-date=October 28, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Dystopian fiction|Dystopian]] [[science fiction]]
| 2027<ref name="Argentina 2026"/>
|-
| ''Tiempo al tiempo''<ref name="Argentina 2026"/>
| [[Science fiction]] [[romantic comedy]]
| 2027
|-
| Untitled [[Sebastián Borensztein]] series<ref name="Argentina 2026"/>
| [[Historical drama]]
| 2027
|-
| ''Corruptors''<ref name="Mexico 2025">{{cite web|last=Szalai|first=Georg|title=Netflix Sets Four New Series Made in Mexico, Including ''Santita'' With Gael Garcia Bernal|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/netflix-mexico-series-gael-garcia-bernal-1236203032/|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=April 29, 2025|access-date=June 25, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Crime drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''El crimen de Pazos''<ref>{{cite web|title=Netflix sigue explotando el 'true crime' español con ''El crimen de Pazos'': este es el caso real en el que se inspira la nueva serie|url=https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/series/netflix-true-crime-espanol-crimen-pazos-caso-real_6525164_0.html|website=Cinemanía|date=October 16, 2025|access-date=October 16, 2025}}</ref>
| [[True crime]] [[drama (film and television)|drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''El problema final''<ref>{{cite tweet|title=Aislados, sin posibilidad de ayuda y encerrados con un asesino (y con un detective insospechado). El rodaje de ''El problema final'', serie basada en la novela de Arturo Pérez-Reverte, está en marcha. Empieza el juego.|language=es|user=NetflixES|number=1919693624914170121|author=Netflix España}}</ref>
| [[Murder mystery]]
| TBA
|-
| ''[[I'm Not Scared (novel)|I'm Not Afraid]]''<ref name="Mexico 2025"/>
| [[Crime drama|Crime]] [[mystery film|mystery]] [[thriller (genre)|thriller]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Los secretos de la cortesana''<ref>{{cite press release|title=Netflix Announces the Start of Production of ''Los secretos de la cortesana''|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/netflix-announces-the-start-of-production-of-los-secretos-de-la-cortesana|website=About Netflix|date=July 15, 2025|access-date=July 15, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Historical drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Nine Queens''<ref>{{cite press release|title=''Nine Queens'', Starring Alvaro Morte and Patrick Criado, Starts Production|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/04/27/nine-queens-starring-alvaro-morte-and-patrick-criado-starts-production-204415/20260427netflix04/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=April 27, 2026|access-date=April 27, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Crime drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''{{sort|Night Marta Disappeared, The|The Night Marta Disappeared}}''<ref>{{cite press release|title=Netflix Announces a Fictional Miniseries Inspired by the Marta del Castillo Case|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/01/28/netflix-announces-a-fictional-miniseries-inspired-by-the-marta-del-castillo-case-314310/20260128netflix02/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=January 28, 2026|access-date=January 28, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=Filming Begins on ''The Night Marta Disappeared'', The Fiction Miniseries Inspired by the Case of Marta del Castillo|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/04/21/filming-begins-on-the-night-marta-disappeared-the-fiction-miniseries-inspired-by-the-case-of-marta-del-castillo-222513/20260421netflix02/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=April 21, 2026|access-date=April 21, 2026}}</ref>
| [[True crime]] [[crime drama|drama]] [[miniseries]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Palace''<ref name="colombia2026">{{cite web|last=de la Fuente|first=Anna Marie|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/global/netflix-colombia-one-hundred-years-of-solitude-rcn-caracol-1236475063/|title=Netflix Ratchets Up Colombian Production With 10 Upcoming Titles|date=July 31, 2025|website=Variety}}</ref>
| [[Historical drama]]
| TBA
|-
| ''Reasonable Doubts''<ref>{{cite press release|title=Netflix Announces the Start of Production for ''Reasonable Doubts''|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/03/25/netflix-announces-the-start-of-production-for-reasonable-doubts-917411/20260325netflix03/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=March 25, 2026|access-date=March 25, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Legal drama]] [[miniseries]]
| TBA
|}

==== Turkish ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! data-sort-type="date" | Premiere
|-
| ''[[Money Trap (film)|Money Trap]]: The Karun Treasure''<ref name="Turkey 2026"/>
| [[Action comedy]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Seni Tanıyorum''<ref name="Turkey 2026">{{cite web|last=Vivarelli|first=Nick|title=Netflix Unveils Turkish Slate, Headlined by Series Adaptation of Nobel Prize-Winning Author Orhan Pamuk's ''The Museum of Innocence''|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/global/netflix-turkish-nobel-prize-orhan-pamuk-museum-of-innocence-1236637544/|website=Variety|date=January 22, 2026|access-date=January 22, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]
| 2026
|-
| ''Sonra Gözler Görür''<ref name="Turkey 2026"/>
| [[Crime drama]]
| 2026
|}

==== Other ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! data-sort-type="date" | Premiere
! Language
|-
| Untitled Sara Khorami series<ref>{{Cite press release|title=Netflix Announces Our First-Ever Nordic Medical Drama Starring Sara Khorami in the Lead Role|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/netflix-announces-its-first-ever-nordic-medical-drama-starring-sara-khorami|website=About Netflix|date=May 9, 2025|access-date=May 11, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Medical drama]]
| Late 2026
| Norwegian
|-
| ''Bytet''<ref>{{cite press release|title=Emma Appleton, Fares Fares, Frida Gustavsson and Jakob Oftebro Star in Swedish Thriller Series ''Bytet''|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2025/12/16/emma-appleton-fares-fares-frida-gustavsson-and-jakob-oftebro-star-in-swedish-thriller-series-bytet-700411/20251216netflix01/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=December 16, 2025|access-date=December 16, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Psychological thriller]]
| 2026
| Swedish
|-
| ''[[BuyBust: The Undesirables]]''<ref>{{Cite web|title=''BuyBust'' Netflix Series Led by Anne Curtis, Gerald Anderson|url=https://rollingstonephilippines.com/culture/tv/erik-matti-buybust-series-anne-curtis/|date=December 2, 2025|access-date=December 2, 2025|first=Mel|last=Wang|website=Rolling Stone Philippines}}</ref>
| [[Action thriller]]
| 2026
| Filipino
|-
| ''{{sort|Case, The|The Case}}''<ref>{{cite web|last=Whittock|first=Jesse|title=Netflix Opens Crime Drama ''The Case'' With ''Lupin'' Writer George Kay|url=https://deadline.com/2025/09/netflix-the-case-lupin-writer-george-kay-1236564740/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=September 29, 2025|access-date=September 30, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Crime drama]]
| 2026
| Swedish
|-
| ''Delusion''<ref name="Thailand 2026">{{cite press release|title=Next on Netflix Thailand 2026: The Widest Variety of Thai Stories, All in One Place|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/02/06/next-on-netflix-thailand-2026-the-widest-variety-of-thai-stories-all-in-one-place-515512/20260206netflix01/|website=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=February 6, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Crime drama]]
| 2026
| Thai
|-
| ''Empress of Flames''<ref name="Thailand 2026"/>
| [[Period drama]]
| 2026
| Thai
|-
| ''Legacy''<ref name="Tamil&Telugu"/>
| [[Crime drama]]
| 2026<ref name="India 2026"/>
| Telugu
|-
| ''#Love''<ref name="Tamil&Telugu">{{cite press release|title=Stories Set to Thrill, Move, and Entertain: Netflix Announces Six Tamil and Telugu Originals|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/netflix-announces-six-tamil-and-telugu-originals|website=About Netflix|date=October 13, 2025|access-date=October 13, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Romance drama]]
| 2026<ref name="India 2026"/>
| Tamil
|-
| ''Super Subbu''<ref name="India 2025" />
| [[Comedy drama]]
| 2026<ref name="India 2026"/>
| Telugu
|-
| ''Chasing Shadows''<ref name="MENA 2026">{{cite web|last=Goldbart|first=Max|title=''Love Is Blind: Habibi'' Season 2 & TV Version Of ''AlKhallat+'' Unveiled On Netflix MENA Slate|url=https://deadline.com/2026/01/netflix-mena-love-is-blind-habibi-season-2-alkhallat-1236689513/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=January 19, 2026|access-date=January 20, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Crime drama]]
| TBA
| Arabic
|-
| ''{{sort|Dinner Club, The|The Dinner Club}}''<ref name="Benelux 2024">{{cite web|last=Goldbart|first=Max|title=Netflix Sets Debut Dutch Reality Series Following Yolanthe Cabau's Journey To LA|url=https://deadline.com/2024/10/netflix-yolanthe-cabau-reality-series-dutch-1236114979/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=October 14, 2024|access-date=October 14, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Crime thriller]]
| TBA
| Dutch
|-
| ''Florida''<ref>{{cite web|last=Goldbart|first=Max|title=Netflix Turns Attention To ''Florida'' In Sequel To Norwegian Disaster Series ''La Palma''|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/netflix-making-la-palma-sequel-florida-disaster-series-1236887511/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 8, 2026|access-date=May 8, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| TBA
| Norwegian
|-
| ''GIGN''<ref name="festivalFiction">{{cite web|last=Dupreuilh|first=Fabrice|website=[[Le Point]]|url=https://www.lepoint.fr/pop-culture/quelles-seront-les-prochaines-grandes-series-francaises-de-netflix-12-09-2024-2570133_2920.php|title=Netflix présente ses ambitions sur la série française|date=September 12, 2024|language=fr}}</ref>
| [[Crime thriller]]
| TBA
| French
|-
| ''[[Jo Bachay Hain Sang Samait Lo]]''<ref>{{cite news|last=Ramachandran|first=Naman|title=Fawad Khan, Sanam Saeed, Mahira Khan, Ahad Raza Mir to Star in Netflix's First Pakistan-Themed Original (Exclusive)|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/asia/fawad-khan-pakistan-netflix-jo-bachay-hain-sang-samait-lo-1235701929/|website=Variety|date=August 23, 2023|access-date=August 23, 2023}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| TBA
| Urdu
|-
| ''Obsess''<ref name="MENA 2026"/>
| [[Psychological horror]]
| TBA
| Arabic
|-
| ''{{sort|Silence, The|The Silence}}''<ref>{{cite web|title=Marwan Kenzari and Rianne van Rompaey in Psychological Thriller ''The Silence''|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/02/26/marwan-kenzari-and-rianne-van-rompaey-in-psychological-thriller-the-silence-709515/20260226netflix02/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=February 26, 2026|access-date=February 26, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Psychological thriller]]
| TBA
| Dutch
|}

=== Unscripted ===
==== Docuseries ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Subject
! Premiere
! Language
|-
| Untitled [[Nick Cannon]] docuseries<ref>{{cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|title=Netflix Sets Nick Cannon Docuseries Following His Career & Life As Father Of 12|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/netflix-nick-cannon-docuseries-1236901671/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 13, 2026|access-date=May 13, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Biography]]
| Late 2026
| English
|-
| Untitled Tony Parsons docuseries<ref>{{cite web|last=Goldbart|first=Max|title=Netflix Making Documentary Series About Tragedy Of Vanishing Cyclist Tony Parsons, Who Went Missing Without Trace On A Charity Bike Ride|url=https://deadline.com/2026/01/netflix-making-documentary-vanishing-cyclist-tony-parsons-1236691505/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=January 22, 2026}}</ref>
| [[True crime]]
| 2026
| English
|-
| ''Jack Unterweger''<ref name="Germany 2024">{{cite web|last=Meza|first=Ed|date=March 13, 2024|title=Netflix Unveils Slate of 17 German Shows, Movies, Including ''Kaulitz & Kaulitz'', ''Cassandra'', ''Brick''|url=https://variety.com/2024/artisans/global/germany-netflix-constantin-leonine-1235941143/|access-date=March 13, 2024|website=Variety}}</ref>
| [[True crime]]
| TBA
| German
|-
| ''Pinzner: German Hitman''<ref name="Germany 2024" />
| [[True crime]]
| TBA
| German
|-
| ''This Blew Up''<ref>{{cite web|last=Kanter|first=Jake|title=Netflix Examines ''This Blew Up'' Social Media Phenomena In Latest Documentary From ''The Tinder Swindler'' Producer Raw TV|url=https://deadline.com/2024/05/netflix-this-blew-up-tinder-swindler-raw-1235916949/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 15, 2024|access-date=May 15, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Social media]]
| TBA
| English
|-
| Untitled [[Alejandro Sanz]] docuseries<ref>{{cite press release|title=Filming on Alejandro Sanz's Docuseries Has Started|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2024/09/16/filming-on-alejandro-sanzs-docuseries-has-started-326514/20240916netflix05/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=September 16, 2024|access-date=September 16, 2024}}</ref>
| Music
| TBA
| Spanish
|-
| Untitled [[Carmen Cervera]] docuseries<ref name="Spain 2024">{{cite web|last=Whittock|first=Jesse|title=Netflix Adapting Oscar-Nominated Spanish Film ''My Dearest Señorita''; Streamer Provides First Look At Anti-Hero Drama Series ''Superstar''|url=https://deadline.com/2024/02/netflix-spain-dearest-senorita-superstar-1235810789/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=February 1, 2024|access-date=February 1, 2024}}</ref>
| Celebrity
| TBA
| Spanish
|-
| Untitled John Meehan docuseries<ref>{{cite press release|title=The World Knew Him as Dirty John: New Documentary Exposes the Real John Meehan|url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/dirty-john-meehan-documentary-release-date-news|website=Netflix Tudum|date=December 4, 2025|access-date=December 4, 2025}}</ref>
| [[True crime#Films and television|True crime]]
| TBA
| English
|-
| Untitled John O'Keefe docuseries<ref>{{cite web|last=Tinoco|first=Armando|title=Netflix Greenlights Docuseries On John O'Keefe's Killing & Karen Read Murder Trial|url=https://deadline.com/2024/07/netflix-docuseries-john-okeefe-killing-karen-read-murder-trial-1236015912/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=July 19, 2024|access-date=July 20, 2024}}</ref>
| [[True crime#Films and television|True crime]]
| TBA
| English
|-
| Untitled [[Jonestown]] docuseries<ref>{{cite press release|title=New Netflix Doc Series About Jonestown Dives Into One of the Deadliest Mass Murders in American History|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2025/12/11/new-netflix-doc-series-about-jonestown-dives-into-one-of-the-deadliest-mass-murders-in-american-history-361514/20251211netflix11/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=December 11, 2025|access-date=December 11, 2025}}</ref>
| [[True crime#Films and television|True crime]]
| TBA
| English
|-
| Untitled [[Mike Tyson]] docuseries<ref>{{Cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|title=Mike Tyson Docuseries On Life & Legacy Of Legendary Boxer Set At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2024/12/mike-tyson-docuseries-netflix-1236206825/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=December 17, 2024|access-date=December 18, 2024}}</ref>
| Sports
| TBA
| English
|-
| Untitled [[Natalee Holloway]] docuseries<ref>{{cite web|last=Cobb|first=Kayla|title=Netflix to Release 3-Part Docuseries About Natalee Holloway's Disappearance|url=https://www.thewrap.com/netflix-natalee-holloway-docuseries/|website=TheWrap|date=December 10, 2025|access-date=December 10, 2025}}</ref>
| [[True crime]]
| TBA
| English
|}

==== Reality ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Language
|-
| ''Take a Hike!''<ref name="2026 k-contents"/>
| [[Reality television|Reality]]
| August 2026<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kim|first=Kyung-hee|date=April 15, 2026|url=https://enews.imbc.com/News/RetrieveNewsInfo/501725|script-title=ko:마운자로 고백한 카더가든, 다이어트 하려고 등산까지? '대체 등산을 왜 하는 건데?' 넷플 공개|trans-title=Car the Garden Confesses to Using Mounjaro, Even Hiking to Lose Weight? ''Take a Hike!'' Coming to Netflix|work=[[iMBC]]|language=ko|access-date=April 15, 2026|script-quote=ko:넷플릭스(Netflix)의 새 예능 '대체 등산을 왜 하는 건데?'가 오는 8월 공개된다.|trans-quote=Netflix's new variety show, ''Take a Hike!'', is set to be released this August.}}</ref>
| Korean
|-
| ''Win the Mall''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|title=Netflix Greenlights Shopping Competition Series ''Win The Mall''|url=https://deadline.com/2025/11/netflix-shopping-competition-series-win-the-mall-1236610720/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=November 7, 2025|access-date=November 7, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Reality competition]]
| Late 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/>
| English
|-
| ''Doors Closed, Bids Open''<ref name="Japan 2026"/>
| [[Reality television|Reality]]
| 2026
| Japanese
|-
| ''[[Alix Earle|Earle]] Meets World''<ref>{{cite web|last=White|first=Peter|title=Alix Earle To Star In Netflix Reality Series|url=https://deadline.com/2026/01/alix-earle-netflix-reality-series-1236691247/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=January 21, 2026|access-date=January 21, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=White|first=Peter|title=Netflix Upfront: Here's What Happened At Sunset Pier With JLo, Millie Bobby Brown, Florence Pugh, Pete Davidson, Alix Earle & ''The Hunting Wives''|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/netflix-upfront-highlights-recap-jlo-millie-bobby-brown-26-1236901773/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 13, 2026|access-date=May 13, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Reality television|Reality]]
| 2026
| English
|-
| ''{{sort|Golden Ticket, The|The Golden Ticket}}''<ref>{{cite web|last=White|first=Peter|title= Netflix Confirms Willy Wonka Competition Series ''The Golden Ticket''|url=https://deadline.com/2025/03/netflix-willy-wonka-competition-series-the-golden-ticket-1236345279/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=March 20, 2025|access-date=March 20, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Reality competition]]
| 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/>
| English
|-
| ''Let's Marry Harry''<ref name="Reality slate Jul 2025">{{Cite web|title=Netflix Announces New Reality Shows Starring Simon Cowell, Harry Jowsey, Married Duo Nick Viall and Natalie Joy and More|url=https://people.com/netflix-announces-new-reality-shows-starring-simon-cowell-harry-jowsey-nick-viall-and-natalie-joy-11774434|website=People|date=July 17, 2025|access-date=December 5, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Dating show]]
| 2026<ref name="2026 slate"/>
| English
|-
| ''Lock Upp''<ref name="India 2026"/>
| [[Reality competition]]
| 2026
| Hindi
|-
| ''Love Is Blind: Netherlands''<ref>{{cite tweet|user=NetflixNL|number=1916764321826185671|title=Doe mee aan's werelds grootste dating-experiment en ontdek of liefde écht blind is. In dit unieke experiment leer je elkaar kennen zonder elkaar te zien: alleen jullie stemmen, gesprekken en echte connectie tellen. Alle Nederlandse vrijgezellen: meld je nu aan via de link in de comments!|lang=nl|author=Netflix NL}}</ref>
| [[Dating show]]
| 2026<ref>{{cite press release|title=Nicolette van Dam and Bas Smit Present the Dutch Version of ''Love Is Blind''|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/02/05/nicolette-van-dam-and-bas-smit-present-the-dutch-version-of-love-is-blind-89213/20260205netflix03/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=February 5, 2026|access-date=February 5, 2026}}</ref>
| Dutch
|-
| ''Love Is Blind: South Africa''<ref>{{cite web|last=Keteyi|first=Oluthando |title=''Love Is Blind'' is coming to South Africa: Netflix confirms local edition of global dating show|url=https://iol.co.za/entertainment/streaming/2026-01-08-love-is-blind-is-coming-to-south-africa-netflix-confirms-local-edition-of-global-dating-show/|website=[[Independent Online|IOL]]|date=January 8, 2026|access-date=January 9, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Dating show]]
| 2026
| English
|-
| ''[[Physical 100]]: Mexico''<ref name="Mexico 2025"/>
| Physical [[reality competition|competition]]
| 2026
| Spanish
|-
| ''Schooled!''<ref>{{cite web|last=Yossman|first=K.J.|title=Netflix Promises 'Creative and Explosive Science Challenges' in New Mark Rober Series ''Schooled!''|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/news/mark-rober-netflix-schooled-1236676586/|website=Variety|date=March 2, 2026|access-date=March 2, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/netflix-youtuber-mark-rober-competition-show-1236347028/|title=Netflix, YouTuber Mark Rober Team for Competition Series|last=Porter|first=Rick|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=August 18, 2025|access-date=August 18, 2025}}</ref>
| Science [[reality competition]]
| 2026
| English
|-
| ''Sua Mãe Te Conhece?''<ref name="Brazil 2025"/>
| [[Reality competition]]
| 2026<ref name="Brazil 2026"/>
| Portuguese
|-
| ''[[Physical 100]]: Sweden''<ref>{{cite press release|title=Meet the 100 Contestants of ''Physical 100: Sweden''|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/05/14/meet-the-100-contestants-of-physical-100-sweden-18414/20260514netflix06/|publisher=Netflix|via=[[The Futon Critic]]|access-date=May 15, 2026|date=May 15, 2026}}</ref>
| Physical [[reality competition|competition]]
| 2027
| Swedish
|-
| ''[[Cluedo (franchise)|Clue]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=White|first=Peter|title=''Clue'' Competition Series Set At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/10/clue-competition-series-netflix-1236571635/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=October 7, 2025|access-date=October 7, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Reality competition]]
| TBA
| English
|-
| ''Love Is Blind: Denmark''<ref>{{cite press release|title=Netflix Announces Danish Adaptation of ''Love Is Blind''|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2026/05/13/netflix-announces-danish-adaptation-of-love-is-blind-228012/20260513netflix01/|publisher=Netflix|via=The Futon Critic|date=May 13, 2026|access-date=May 13, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Dating show]]
| TBA
| Danish
|-
| ''[[Monopoly (game)|Monopoly]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Caruso|first=Nick|title=''Monopoly'' Competition Series Set at Netflix|url=https://tvline.com/news/monopoly-competition-series-netflix-1235429719/|website=TVLine|date=April 7, 2025|access-date=April 7, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Reality competition]]
| TBA
| English
|-
| ''[[Physical 100: USA]]''<ref name="Physical 100 USA & EU">{{Cite web|last=Merican|first=Sarah|title=Netflix expands Korean reality show ''Physical: 100'' with US and European versions|url=https://deadline.com/2025/07/netflix-physical-100-reality-show-usa-european-editions-1236459686/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=July 16, 2025|access-date=July 16, 2025}}</ref>
| Physical [[Reality competition|competition]]
| TBA
| English
|-
| Untitled [[Alan Ritchson]] survival competition series<ref>{{cite web|last=Knapp|first=JD|title=Alan Ritchson Sets Survival Competition Show at Netflix|url=https://www.thewrap.com/creative-content/tv-shows/alan-ritchson-netflix-survival-competition-reality-series/|website=TheWrap|date=April 13, 2026|access-date=April 15, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Reality competition]]
| TBA
| English
|-
| ''Zie Zarrellas''<ref name="Germany 2026"/>
| [[Docu-reality]]
| TBA
| German
|}


=== Co-productions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Partner/Country
! data-sort-type="date" | Premiere
! Language
|-
| ''{{sort|Bombing of Pan Am 103, The|[[The Bombing of Pan Am 103]]}}''<ref>{{cite web|title=BBC, Netflix Team For Lockerbie Bombing Drama Series From ''Line Of Duty'' Producer World Productions|url=https://deadline.com/2023/07/bbc-netflix-lockerbie-bombing-series-world-productions-1235451064/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|last=Kanter|first=Jake|date=July 30, 2023|access-date=July 31, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kanter|first=Jake|title=''The Bombing Of Pan Am 103'': Netflix & BBC Release First Look At Series Starring Patrick J. Adams|url=https://deadline.com/2025/03/the-bombing-of-pan-am-103-netflix-bbc-patrick-j-adams-1236350911/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=March 26, 2025|access-date=March 26, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]] [[miniseries]]
| [[BBC One]]/United Kingdom
| TBA
| English
|-
| ''{{sort|Countess of Monte Cristo, The|The Countess of Monte Cristo}}''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Goodfellow|first=Melanie|title=''The Countess Of Monte Cristo'' With Audrey Fleurot Begins Filming For TF1 & Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/10/the-countess-monte-cristo-audrey-fleurot-tf1-netflix-1236584675/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=October 14, 2025|access-date=October 14, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Historical drama]] [[miniseries]]
| [[TF1]]/France
| TBA
| French
|-
| ''Jackdaws''<ref>{{cite web|last=Keslassy|first=Elsa|title=TF1, Netflix Team on WWII Drama ''Jackdaws'' Adapted from Ken Follett's Novel, Starring Laëtitia Casta (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/global/tf1-netflix-wwii-drama-jackdaws-ken-follett-laetitia-casta-1236736745/|website=Variety|date=May 4, 2026|access-date=May 4, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Historical drama]]
| [[TF1]]/France
| TBA
| French
|-
| Untitled ''[[Peaky Blinders]]'' sequel series<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|title=''Peaky Blinders'' Sequel Series From Steven Knight Gets Two-Season Order At Netflix & BBC; Cillian Murphy To Exec Produce|url=https://deadline.com/2025/10/peaky-blinders-sequel-series-netflix-bbc-1236568444/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=October 2, 2025|access-date=October 2, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Historical drama|Historical]] [[crime drama]]
| [[BBC One]]/United Kingdom
| TBA
| English
|}

=== Continuations ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! {{abbr|Prev.|Previous}} network(s)
! Premiere
! Language
|-
| ''[[Dhindora]]'' (season 2)<ref name="India 2026"/>
| [[Comedy drama]]
| [[YouTube]]
| 2026
| Hindi
|}

=== Specials ===
==== One-time ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title
! Genre
! Premiere
! Language
|-
| Untitled ''[[Sintonia]]'' spin-off film<ref name="brazil2025"/>
| [[Teen drama]]
| TBA
| Portuguese
|}


=== In development ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! Title
! Genre
|-
| ''{{sort|Aisle, The|The Aisle}}''<ref>{{Cite web|last=White|first=Peter|title=John Wells Goes Back To Washington: ''The West Wing'' EP Teams With Phoebe Fisher On Political Drama ''The Aisle'' In The Works At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/11/netflix-the-aisle-john-wells-phoebe-fisher-political-drama-1236620588/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=November 17, 2025|access-date=November 18, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Political drama]]
|-
| ''All Boys''<ref>{{cite web|last=Otterson|first=Joe|title=''Dickinson'' Creator Alena Smith to Develop Drama ''All Boys'' at Netflix With 21 Laps Producing (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/news/dickinson-alena-smith-all-boys-netflix-21-laps-1236699365/|website=Variety|date=March 25, 2026|access-date=March 25, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
|-
| ''All We Ever Wanted''<ref>{{cite web|last=Gomez|first=Dessi|title=Netflix Acquires Rights To Emily Giffin's ''All We Ever Wanted'' For Series Adaptation With Reese Witherspoon And Harlan Coben As Executive Producers|url=https://deadline.com/2025/12/emily-giffin-all-we-ever-wanted-netflix-adaptation-1236641483/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=December 8, 2025|access-date=December 8, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
|-
| ''Anchivo Motors''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Magazine|first=Animation|title=''American Dad!'' EPs Developing ''Anchivo Motors'' Adult Animated Comedy at Netflix|url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2026/02/american-dad-eps-developing-anchivo-motors-adult-animated-comedy-at-netflix/|website=[[Animation Magazine]]|date=February 17, 2026|access-date=February 17, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Adult animation|Adult animated]] [[sitcom]]
|-
| ''Anna O''<ref>{{cite web|title=Netflix In Talks For ''Anna O'' Series Adaptation From Berlanti Productions & Author Matthew Blake|url=https://deadline.com/2024/04/netflix-anna-o-series-berlanti-productions-matthew-blake-1235873425/|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=April 2, 2024|access-date=April 2, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Crime thriller]]
|-
| ''Bat Boy''<ref>{{cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|title=Bat Boy Live-Action YA Series In Works At Netflix From Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa & Joe Tracz|url=https://deadline.com/2024/07/bat-boy-series-netflix-1236026852/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=July 31, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Young adult literature|Young adult]] [[Comedy horror|horror comedy]]
|-
| ''Birthright''<ref>{{cite web|title=''Birthright'' Family Drama In Works At Netflix From Marissa Jo Cerar & Kapital|url=https://deadline.com/2024/03/marissa-jo-cerar-family-drama-birthright-netflix-kapital-1235869648/|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=March 27, 2024|access-date=March 28, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
|-
| ''{{sort|Book of Two Ways, The|[[The Book of Two Ways (novel)|The Book of Two Ways]]}}''<ref>{{cite web|last=Otterson|first=Joe|title=Jodi Picoult's ''Book of Two Ways'' in Development as Netflix Series, ''Outlander{{'}}''s Matthew B. Roberts to Write (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/news/jodi-picoult-book-of-two-ways-netflix-series-1236724747/|website=Variety|date=April 17, 2026|access-date=April 20, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
|-
| ''Broken Toys''<ref>{{cite web|last=Goldbart|first=Max|title=Netflix & A24 Developing TV Version Of Marie-Claire Chappet's ''Saltburn''-esque Debut Novel ''Broken Toys''|url=https://deadline.com/2025/12/netflix-a24-tv-series-broken-toys-marie-claire-chappet-1236635694/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=December 4, 2025|access-date=December 5, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
|-
| ''Captain Planet''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Captain Planet'' Live-Action Series In Works At Netflix From Berlanti Productions & Appian Way|url=https://deadline.com/2025/07/captain-planet-live-action-series-netflix-berlanti-appian-way-1236460562/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=July 17, 2025|access-date=July 18, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Superhero fiction|Superhero]]
|-
| ''Carrie Soto Is Back''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=April 14, 2025|title=Serena Williams Executive Producing ''Carrie Soto Is Back'' Tennis Drama Series In Works At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/04/serena-williams-carrie-soto-is-back-tennis-series-netflix-1236366911/|access-date=April 14, 2025|website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref>
| [[Sports drama]]
|-
| ''Covers''<ref>{{cite web|title=Netflix Lands Lena Dunham Spy Drama ''Covers'' From Creative Engine & Fifth Season|url=https://deadline.com/2024/01/netflix-lena-dunham-covers-series-creative-engine-fifth-season-1235701709|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=January 10, 2024|access-date=January 10, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Spy fiction]]
|-
| ''[[Crossroads (novel)|Crossroads]]''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Otterson|first=Joe|date=February 5, 2026|title=Jeremy Strong to Star in Jonathan Franzen Series ''Crossroads'' for Netflix, Media Res (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/news/jeremy-strong-jonathan-franzen-crossroad-netflix-media-res-1236653512/|access-date=February 5, 2026|website=Variety}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
|-
| ''[[Les Liaisons dangereuses|Dangerous Liaisons]]''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Dangerous Liaisons'' Series Reimagining From ''Mood'' Creator Nicôle Lecky In Works At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/10/dangerous-liaisons-series-nicole-lecky-netflix-uk-series-1236599116/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=October 28, 2025|access-date=October 28, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Erotic thriller]]
|-
| ''Dead Letters''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Lucy Hale To Headline ''Dead Letters'' Series Based On Book In Works At Netflix From Alex Cooper's Unwell & Kapital|url=https://deadline.com/2025/04/lucy-hale-dead-letters-series-netflix-alex-cooper-kapital-1236368201/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=April 14, 2025|access-date=April 14, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Psychological thriller]]
|-
| ''{{sort|Decorator, The|The Decorator}}''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Netflix Nabs Psychosexual TV Drama ''The Decorator'' From Cody Behan & Stacey Sher|url=https://deadline.com/2026/03/netflix-the-decorator-cody-behan-stacey-sher-1236762340/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=March 23, 2026|access-date=March 23, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
|-
| ''{{sort|Elissas, The|The Elissas}}''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|title=Lena Dunham & Heather Regnier Developing TV Series Inspired By ''The Elissas'' Book At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/11/lena-dunham-heather-regnier-netflix-tv-series-the-elissas-1236616529/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=November 13, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Teen drama]]
|-
| ''[[Fatherhood (film)|Fatherhood]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=Kevin Hart, Obamas' Higher Ground & Temple Hill Fast Track ''Fatherhood'' Series For Netflix & Sony|url=https://deadline.com/2024/06/kevin-hart-barack-michelle-obama-higher-ground-fatherhood-tv-series-netflix-sony-1235957898/|last=Fleming|first=Mike Jr|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 4, 2024|access-date=June 4, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Comedy drama]]
|-
| ''Forever, Interrupted''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Laura Dern & Margaret Qualley Star In ''Forever, Interrupted'' Limited Series In Works At Netflix From A24|url=https://deadline.com/2024/05/laura-dern-margaret-qualley-forever-interrupted-limited-series-netflix-1235920036/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=May 17, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]] [[miniseries]]
|-
| ''{{sort|Forgotten Realms, The|The Forgotten Realms}}''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=February 13, 2025|title=Dungeons & Dragons Live-Action Series ''The Forgotten Realms'' In Works At Netflix From Shawn Levy, Drew Crevello & Hasbro|url=https://deadline.com/2025/02/dungeons-dragons-series-the-forgotten-realms-netflix-shawn-levy-1236288182/|access-date=February 14, 2025|website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref>
| [[Fantasy]]
|-
| ''Glory Days''<ref>{{cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|title=Josh Safran Developing Sports Series ''Glory Days'' At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2026/04/josh-safran-development-glory-days-netflix-1236869962/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=April 23, 2026|access-date=April 23, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Sports film|Sports drama]]
|-
| ''{{sort|Grays, The|The Grays}}''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Modern ''Dorian Gray'' Series In Works At Netflix From Katie Rose Rogers, Rina Mimoun & Berlanti Prods.|url=https://deadline.com/2024/08/dorian-gray-series-netflix-katie-rose-rogers-rina-mimoun-greg-berlanti-1236045373/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=August 20, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Gothic fiction|Gothic]]
|-
| ''[[Grim (comic book)#Animated series|Grim]]''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Wednesday'' Creators Al Gough & Miles Millar Developing ''Grim'' Adult Animated Series At Netflix Based On Boom! Comic With Jennifer Yuh Nelson|url=https://deadline.com/2025/11/al-gough-miles-millar-grim-adult-animated-series-netflix-boom-1236623870/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=November 19, 2025|access-date=November 20, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Adult animation|Adult animated]] [[horror fantasy]]
|-
| ''Hancock Park''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Regé-Jean Page To Headline Erotic Thriller Series ''Hancock Park'' In Works At Netflix From Matthew Barry, Creative Engine & Fifth Season|url=https://deadline.com/2025/12/rege-jean-page-hancock-park-netflix-series-matthew-barry-1236632809/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=December 2, 2025|access-date=December 2, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Erotic thriller]]
|-
| ''Impact Winter''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fleming|first=Mike Jr.|date=February 27, 2025|title=''Impact Winter'' Acquired By Netflix; Francis Lawrence, Travis Beacham Plot Post-Apocalyptic Vampire Series Based On Hit Podcast|url=https://deadline.com/2025/02/impact-winter-netflix-series-francis-lawrence-travis-beacham-post-apocalyptic-podcast-1236304191/|access-date=February 27, 2025|website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref>
| [[Fantasy]]
|-
| ''In Case of Emergency''<ref>{{cite web|last=Kanter|first=Jake|title=Netflix Developing ''Family Guy''-Style Series ''In Case Of Emergency'' From ''Ghosts'' Creators|url=https://deadline.com/2024/10/netflix-in-case-of-emergency-ghosts-laurence-rickard-ben-willbond-1236103483/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=October 1, 2024|access-date=October 1, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Adult animation|Adult animated]] [[sitcom]]
|-
| ''[[Land of the Lost (1974 TV series)|Land of the Lost]]'' reboot<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=June 17, 2025|title=''Land Of The Lost'' Series Reboot In Works At Netflix From Legendary Television|url=https://deadline.com/2025/06/land-of-the-lost-series-reboot-netflix-legendary-1236435368/|access-date=June 17, 2025|website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref>
| [[Science fiction]]
|-
| ''Lights Out''<ref>{{cite web|last=Campione|first=Katie|title=''Lights Out'' Series Based On Navessa Allen's Dark Romance Novels In Development At Netflix; Hannah Schneider To Adapt For TV|url=https://deadline.com/2026/02/lights-out-book-series-adaptation-netflix-navessa-allen-1236714481/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=February 11, 2026|access-date=February 11, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Dark romance]]
|-
| ''Minor Threats''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/patton-oswalt-comic-book-threats-netflix-1235955700/|title=Patton Oswalt Comic Book ''Minor Threats'' Heading to Television at Netflix (Exclusive)|first=Borys|last=Kit|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=July 23, 2024|access-date=July 28, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Superhero fiction|Superhero]]
|-
| ''{{sort|Nanny Diaries, The|[[The Nanny Diaries]]}}''<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Scarlett Johansson Producing ''The Nanny Diaries'' Series In Works At Netflix From Amy Chozick, Jenny Bicks & Berlanti Productions|url=https://deadline.com/2026/04/scarlett-johansson-nanny-diaries-series-netflix-producing-1236865462/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=April 23, 2026|access-date=April 23, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Comedy drama]]
|-
| ''Next Door''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|date=March 2, 2026|title=Tessa Thompson To Star In ''Next Door'' Suburban Thriller Series In Works At Netflix From Sam Boyd & A24|url=https://deadline.com/2026/03/sam-boyd-a24-series-next-door-tessa-thompson-netflix-1236741151/|access-date=March 5, 2026|website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref>
| [[Thriller (genre)#Television|Thriller]]
|-
| ''Pain & Suffering''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Crime Procedural ''Pain & Suffering'' In Works At Netflix From Don Todd & Kapital|url=https://deadline.com/2024/10/pain-amp-suffering-netflix-don-todd-kapital-1236158568/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=October 25, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Crime procedural]]
|-
| ''Physical: 100 Europe''<ref name="Physical 100 USA & EU"/>
| Physical [[reality competition]]
|-
| ''[[Powers (comics)#Television adaptations|Powers]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/brian-michael-bendis-powers-tv-show-1236541837/|title=Brian Michael Bendis Superhero Crime Comic ''Powers'' Getting Adult Animation Treatment from Netflix, Dark Horse (Exclusive)|last=Kit|first=Borys|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 20, 2026|access-date=March 22, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Adult animation|Adult animated]] [[superhero fiction]]
|-
| ''Prism''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|title=Millie Bobby Brown, Rachel Brosnahan & AGBO Developing Supernatural Series ''Prism'' At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/10/millie-bobby-brown-rachel-brosnahan-prism-series-netflix-1236583177/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=October 13, 2025|access-date=October 14, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Supernatural fiction|Supernatural]]
|-
| ''{{sort|Savage, Noble Death of Babs Dionne, The|The Savage, Noble Death of Babs Dionne}}''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|title=Duffer Brothers Developing ''The Savage, Noble Death Of Babs Dionne'' At Netflix With Joshua Mohr & Ron Currie|url=https://deadline.com/2025/06/duffer-brothers-the-savage-noble-death-babs-dionne-netflix-1236441761/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 27, 2025|access-date=June 27, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Crime thriller]]
|-
| ''Sex Act''<ref>{{cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|title=Lena Dunham, Jeremy O. Harris & Raffi Donatich Developing Intimacy Coordinator Series ''Sex Act'' For Netflix; Sarah Paulson Eyeing To Star – The Dish|url=https://deadline.com/2025/09/lena-dunham-developing-sex-act-sarah-paulson-netflix-1236512370/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=September 8, 2025|access-date=September 14, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
|-
| ''Such a Lovely Family''<ref>{{cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|title='Such A Lovely Family' Drama Series Based On Book In The Works At Netflix From Addison McQuigg & Kapital|url=https://deadline.com/2026/02/such-a-lovely-family-drama-series-netflix-development-1236719443/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=February 13, 2026|access-date=February 17, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Mystery fiction|Mystery]] [[thriller (genre)|thriller]]
|-
| ''They'll Never Catch Us''<ref>{{cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|title=Netflix Developing Thriller Series ''They'll Never Catch Us'' From Juliet Lashinksy-Revene & Jessica Goodman; Blumhouse To EP|url=https://deadline.com/2024/05/theyll-never-catch-us-series-netflix-blumhouse-juliet-lashinksy-revene-jessica-goodman-1235943549/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 30, 2024|access-date=May 31, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]
|-
| ''Tuesday Night Titans''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|date=June 11, 2025|title=Michael Notarile & Jon M. Chu Developing Wrestling Drama ''Tuesday Night Titans'' At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/06/michael-notarile-jon-m-chu-wrestling-film-netflix-1236429856/|access-date=June 11, 2025|website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref>
| [[Sports film|Sports]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]]
|-
| Untitled ''[[Catan]]'' series<ref>{{cite web|last1=Andreeva|first1=Nellie|title=''Catan'' Rights Acquired By Netflix With Plans For Various Film & TV Series Adaptations Of Board Game|url=https://deadline.com/2025/10/catan-netflix-rights-deal-film-tv-series-board-game-1236592783/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=October 21, 2025|access-date=November 4, 2025}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| Untitled ''Chestnut Springs'' series<ref>{{Cite web|last=Otterson|first=Joe|title=Netflix to Develop Series Take on Elsie Silver's Chestnut Springs Books, Shawn Levy to Produce (Exclusive)|url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/netflix-elsie-silver-chestnut-springs-shawn-levy-1236515227/|website=Variety|date=September 11, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Romance film|Romance]]
|-
| Untitled ''[[Crash Bandicoot]]'' series<ref>{{Cite web|last=Magazine|first=Animation|date=October 27, 2025|title=''Crash Bandicoot'' Animated Series in the Works at Netflix|url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2025/10/crash-bandicoot-animated-series-in-the-works-at-netflix/|access-date=October 27, 2025|website=Animation Magazine}}</ref>
| [[Animation]]
|-
| Untitled "Daddy Ball" series<ref>{{cite web|last=Fleming|first=Mike Jr.|title=Jason Bateman To Star In, Direct 8-Ep Series Adaptation Of Esquire Article "Daddy Ball" As Netflix, Aggregate Win Bidding Battle|url=https://deadline.com/2023/06/jason-bateman-star-in-direct-8-episode-series-adaptation-of-esquire-article-daddy-ball-netflix-aggregate-win-bidding-battle-1235416198/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 13, 2023|access-date=June 13, 2023}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
|-
| Untitled [[David Zabel]] series<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=David Zabel Inks Overall Deal With AMC Studios, Sets Cop Drama At Netflix For Development|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/david-zabel-overall-deal-amc-studios-cop-drama-netflix-1236886191/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 7, 2026|access-date=May 8, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Legal drama]]
|-
| Untitled English-language ''[[Extraordinary Attorney Woo]]'' adaptation<ref>{{cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|title=''Extraordinary Attorney Woo'' English-Language Adaptation In Works At Netflix From Leila Gerstein & Jerry Bruckheimer TV|url=https://deadline.com/2025/07/extraordinary-attorney-woo-remake-leila-gerstein-netflix-1236466160/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=July 23, 2025|access-date=August 8, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Legal drama]]
|-
| Untitled English-language ''[[Squid Game]]'' adaptation<ref>{{cite web|last=Kroll|first=Justin|title=David Fincher Eyeing New ''Squid Game'' Series As Next Project At Netflix – The Dish|url=https://deadline.com/2024/10/squid-game-david-fincher-tv-series-1236159538/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=October 28, 2024|access-date=October 29, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Survival film|Survival]] [[Thriller (genre)#Television|thriller]]
|-
| Untitled [[Frida Kahlo]] and [[Diego Rivera]] series<ref>{{cite web|last=da la Fuente|first=Anna Marie|title=Frida Kahlo, Diego Rivera Netflix Series in the Works (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2026/film/global/frida-kahlo-diego-rivera-netflix-series-riggen-ripstein-1236685465/|website=Variety|date=March 12, 2026|access-date=March 12, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Biopic]]
|-
| Untitled [[Halley Feiffer]] series<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Netflix Lands Crisis PR Drama Starring Lizzy Caplan From Halley Feiffer & A24|url=https://deadline.com/2025/03/crisis-pr-drama-netflix-lizzy-caplan-risa-heller-1236322397/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=March 12, 2025|access-date=March 12, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
|-
| Untitled [[Julio Iglesias]] series<ref>{{cite web|last=Shafer|first=Ellise|title=Julio Iglesias and Netflix Strike Deal for Series About Iconic Singer's Life|url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/global/julio-iglesias-netflix-series-1235902052/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=February 8, 2024|access-date=February 8, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Biopic]]
|-
| Untitled [[Marc Cherry]] series<ref>{{cite web|last=White|first=Peter|title=Marc Cherry Developing Charleston-Set Family Drama Series At Netflix From Sandbox Studios|url=https://deadline.com/2025/09/charleston-drama-series-netflix-marc-cherry-1236554067/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=September 25, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
|-
| Untitled [[Madonna]] series<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Madonna Teams With Shawn Levy For Limited Series About Her Life In Works At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2025/05/madonna-shawn-levy-biopic-limited-series-netflix-1236390151/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 12, 2025|access-date=May 12, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Biopic]] [[miniseries]]
|-
| Untitled [[Jay C. Smith|Main Line murders]] series<ref>{{cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|title=Netflix Series On '70s Philadelphia's Main Line Murders From Andrew Sodroski, Aggregate In Early Development|url=https://deadline.com/2024/08/main-line-murders-netflix-series-andrew-sodroski-aggregate-in-works-1236033716/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=August 7, 2024|access-date=August 8, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Crime drama]]
|-
| Untitled [[Matt Rife]] series<ref>{{cite web|title=Matt Rife Inks Two-Special Deal With Netflix, Will Also Develop Workplace Comedy For Streamer|url=https://deadline.com/2024/04/matt-rife-getting-sitcom-two-new-specials-netflix-1235872892/|last=Grobar|first=Matt|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=April 3, 2024|access-date=April 3, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Workplace comedy]]
|-
| Untitled ''[[Maya and the Three]]'' series<ref>{{cite web|last=Roxborough|first=Scott|title=Annecy: Jorge R. Gutierrez Planning New Netflix Series Based in ''Maya and the Three'', ''Book of Life'' Universe|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/jorge-gutierrez-netflix-series-maya-and-the-three-book-of-life-universe-1235514046/|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=June 13, 2023|access-date=June 13, 2023}}</ref>
| [[Animated]] [[fantasy]] [[miniseries]]
|-
| Untitled ''[[One Tree Hill (TV series)|One Tree Hill]]'' sequel series<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cordero|first1=Rosy|last2=Andreeva|first2=Nellie|title=''One Tree Hill'' Sequel Series Led By Sophia Bush & Hilarie Burton In Works At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2024/08/one-tree-hill-sequel-series-sophia-bush-hilarie-burton-netflix-1236073973/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=August 30, 2024|access-date=August 31, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Teen drama]]
|-
| Untitled ''[[Overcooked]]'' competition series<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Overcooked'' Reality Competition Series Based On Video Game In Works At Netflix From A24|url=https://deadline.com/2025/11/overcooked-reality-competition-series-video-game-netflix-a24-123660807/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=November 5, 2025|access-date=November 7, 2025}}</ref>
| [[Reality competition|Cooking competition]]
|-
| Untitled [[Paige DeSorbo]] and [[Hannah Berner]] comedy series<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Hannah Berner & Paige DeSorbo Headline Comedy Series In Works At Netflix, Teaming With Amy Poehler & Kay Cannon|url=https://deadline.com/2026/03/hannah-berner-paige-desorbo-netflix-comedy-amy-poehler-kay-cannon-1236763712/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=March 24, 2026|access-date=April 3, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
|-
| Untitled [[Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex|Prince Harry]] and [[Meghan Markle]] scripted [[polo]] series<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Prince Harry & Meghan Markle Producing Polo Drama In Works At Netflix From Francisca X. Hu & Fake Empire|url=https://deadline.com/2026/03/prince-harry-meghan-markle-polo-drama-netflix-fake-empire-1236763519/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=March 23, 2026|access-date=March 24, 2026}}</ref>
| [[Sports drama]]
|-
| Untitled spiritual procedural series<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=Spiritual Procedural From Terrence Coli, Steve Leder & Kapital In Works At Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2024/08/spiritual-procedural-netflix-terrence-coli-steve-leder-kapital-1236030552/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=August 2, 2024|access-date=August 2, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Crime procedural]]/[[Supernatural]]
|-
| Untitled ''[[Virgin River]]'' prequel<ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title=''Virgin River'' Prequel About Mel's Parents In Works At Netflix As Season 6 Starts Production|url=https://deadline.com/2024/02/virgin-river-prequel-mels-parents-sarah-everett-season-6-production-start-date-1235833712/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=February 22, 2024|access-date=February 22, 2024}}</ref>
| [[Romantic drama]]
|}


== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.netflix.com/originals Netflix Originals] current list on Netflix (based on [[geolocation]])

{{Netflix|state=autocollapse}}
{{Navboxes
| title = Netflix original programming
| list1 =
{{Netflix original current series|state=collapsed}}
{{Netflix original continuation series|state=autocollapse}}
{{Netflix original ended series (2012–18)}}
{{Netflix original ended series (2019–present)}}
{{Netflix original upcoming series|state=autocollapse}}
{{Netflix specials|state=autocollapse}}
}}
{{Lists of TV programs by country}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Original programs distributed by Netflix}}
[[Category:Lists of Netflix original programming| ]]
[[Category:Lists of television series by network|Netflix]]
[[Category:Lists of television series by streaming service|Netflix]]
[[Category:Netflix original programming| ]]

Makenahalli

2026-05-08T15:17:39Z

JovitaMcClinton: New new stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Makenahalli
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| government_type =
| native_name =
| subdivision_type = Country
| coordinates = {{coord|13.2973682|N|77.2376414|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bengaluru North district|Bengaluru North]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluk]]s
| parts = Nelamangala
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| governing_body = Nelamangala Poursabha
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 562111
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Bengaluru
| blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Village Panchayat
| website =
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Makenahalli''' is a village in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/Listofvillagesandtowns.aspx|access-date=2021-08-02|website=censusindia.gov.in|series=Village code- 624709}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Makenahalli · Karnataka 562111, India|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Makenahalli,+Karnataka+562111/@13.2971277,77.232366,16z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x3bb1d486298da51f:0x27cb9bd1c2902f48!8m2!3d13.2974009!4d77.2355323?shorturl=1|access-date=2021-08-02|website=Makenahalli · Karnataka 562111, India|language=en}}</ref> It is located in the [[Nelamangala]] [[taluk]] of [[Bengaluru North district]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} Bangalore Rural District, Government of Karnataka {{!}} India|url=https://bangalorerural.nic.in/en/village-panchayats/|access-date=2021-08-02|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
Makenahalli had population of 595 of which 315 are males while 280 are females as per report released by Census India 2011.<ref name=Census74>https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2929_PART_B_DCHB_BANGALORE%20RURAL.pdf Page- 74</ref>

== Geography ==
The total geographical area of village is 458.76 hectares.<ref name=Census74 />

== Bus Route from Bengaluru City ==
[[Yeswanthpur|Yeshwantapura]] - Darasahalli - [[Nelamangala]]

== See also ==

* [[Halenahalli]]
* [[Districts of Karnataka]]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

*{{cite web|url=https://bangalorerural.nic.in/en/|title=Bangalore Rural District, Government of Karnataka | City of Silk production | India|website=bangalorerural.nic.in|access-date=2021-08-02}}

{{Settlements in Bangalore Rural district}}

[[Category:Villages in Bangalore Rural district]]

{{BengaluruNorth-geo-stub}}

P. Mohan (Ottapidaram politician)

2026-05-05T01:49:21Z

JovitaMcClinton: new new article

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{BLP one source|date=April 2026}}

'''P. Mohan''' is an Indian politician and [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He was elected to the [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] from [[Ottapidaram (State Assembly Constituency)|Ottpidaram constituency]] as a [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate in [[2006 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2006]] election<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf 2006 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref>. In [[2011 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2011]], He lost the seat to [[K. Krishnasamy]] of [[Puthiya Tamilagam]] who won with 71,330 votes (56.41%), defeating S. Raja ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], 36.54%). P. Mohan was not the main AIADMK contender listed in results summaries for that year.<ref>[https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/summary/32033 AC Summary: Ottapidaram 2011]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2006–2011]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
{{India-poli-stub}}

A. N. Pramod

2026-05-03T15:53:56Z

JovitaMcClinton: New

{{short description|Indian Navy Admiral}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Vice admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]]
| name = A. N. Pramod
| honorific_suffix = [[AVSM]], [[Yudh Seva Medal|YSM]]
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = File:VAdm_AN_Pramod.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| nickname =
| birth_name =
| allegiance = {{IND}}
| branch = {{navy|India}}
| service_years = July 1990 – present
| rank = [[File:British_Royal_Navy_(sleeves)_OF-8.svg|20px]] [[File:13-Indian_Navy-VADM.svg|20px]] [[Vice Admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]]
| service_number = 03579-H <ref name="pib.gov.in">{{cite web |title=President approves 127 Gallantry awards, 40 Distinguished Service awards & 290 Mention-in-Despatches on the eve of 79th Independence Day |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2156515 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=14 August 2025}}</ref>
| unit =
| commands = [[INS Utkrosh]] {{ship|INS|Satpura|F48}} {{ship|INS|Shardul|2004}} {{ship|INS|Abhay|1989}}
| battles =
| battles_label =
| awards = [[File:Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] [[File:Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Yudh Seva Medal]]
| alma_mater = [[Indian Naval Academy]]
| spouse = 
| relations =
| other_work =
| signature =
| website =
| memorials =
| module =
}}
[[Vice admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]] '''A. N. Pramod''', [[AVSM]], [[Yudh Seva Medal|YSM]] is a serving flag officer in the [[Indian Navy]]. {{As of|2025}}, he served as the [[Director General Naval Operations]]. He earlier served as the [[Flag Officer Commanding Maharashtra Naval Area]] and as the [[Deputy Commandant of Indian Naval Academy|Deputy Commandant and Chief Instructor]] of the [[Indian Naval Academy]].

==Early life and education==
Pramod attended the Naval Academy, Goa as part of the 38th Integrated Cadet Course.<ref name="DepCom INA">{{cite web |title=Deputy Commandant {{!}} INA |url=https://www.ina.gov.in/?q=Deputy_commandant |access-date=23 April 2023 |date=18 April 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418142054/https://www.ina.gov.in/?q=Deputy_commandant | archive-date=2021-04-18 }}</ref>

==Naval career==
Pramod was commissioned into the [[Indian Navy]] on 1 July 1990. He is a specialist in Communication and Electronic Warfare. He trained as a [[naval aviator]] and qualified as a Naval Air Operations Officer. He underwent the [[Westland Sea King|Sea King]] observer course where he qualified as a 'Cat A' observer. He was awarded the [[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command]] Rolling Trophy for standing first in flying training/ground subjects and the Uttar Pradesh trophy for being first in the Overall Order of Merit.<ref name="Deputy Comdt INA">{{cite web |title=Rear Admiral AN Pramod Assumes Charge as Deputy Commandant Indian Naval Academy {{!}} Indian Navy |url=https://indiannavy.nic.in/content/rear-admiral-pramod-assumes-charge-deputy-commandant-indian-naval-academy |website=indiannavy.nic.in |access-date=23 April 2023}}</ref>

Pramod stood second in the Long Communication Course. In his early years, he served as the Gunnery Officer II (GO II) of the [[Khukri-class corvette]] {{ship|INS|Kirpan|P44}} and as the Signal and Communications officer (SCO) of the [[Sukanya-class patrol vessel]] {{ship|INS|Sujata|P56}}. He also attended the [[Defence Services Staff College]], [[Wellington Cantonment|Wellington]]. He served as Joint Director of Naval Air Staff and as the Joint Director of Aircraft Acquisition at naval headquarters.<ref name="PIB bio - FOMA">{{cite web |title=REAR ADMIRAL AN PRAMOD ASSUMES CHARGE AS FLAG OFFICER COMMANDING MAHARASTRA NAVAL AREA (FOMA) |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1879710 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=23 April 2023}}</ref>

Pramod commanded the [[lead ship]] of [[Abhay-class corvette|her class]] of [[anti-submarine warfare]] [[corvette]]s {{ship|INS|Abhay|1989|6}} and the lead ship of [[Shardul-class tank landing ship|her class]] of [[Amphibious warfare vessel]]s {{ship|INS|Shardul|2004}}. He served as the [[executive officer]] of the lead ship of [[Rajput-class destroyer|her class]] of [[guided missile destroyer]]s {{ship|INS|Rajput|D51}}. He then commanded the [[Shivalik-class frigate|Shivalik-class]] [[stealth ship|stealth]] multi-role [[frigate]] {{ship|INS|Satpura|F48}}. He led ''Satpura'' during the [[International Fleet Review 2016]].<ref name="Deputy Comdt INA" />

In the rank of [[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]], he attended the Naval Higher Command Course at the [[Naval War College, Goa]]. He also served as [[Directing Staff]] at his alma-mater, the [[Defence Services Staff College]], [[Wellington|Wellington Cantonment]]. At NHQ, he served as the Director of Aircraft Acquisition. As a [[Commodore (India)|Commodore]], Pramod commanded the Indian naval air station [[INS Utkrosh]] at [[Port Blair]]. He also served as the Fleet Operations Officer of the [[Western Fleet (India)|Western Fleet]]. He subsequently moved to NHQ having been appointed Principal Director of Aircraft Acquisition.<ref name="IN website - FOMA">{{cite web |title=Rear Admiral AN Pramod assumes charge as Flag Officer Commanding Maharastra Naval Area (FOMA) {{!}} Indian Navy |url=https://indiannavy.nic.in/content/rear-admiral-pramod-assumes-charge-flag-officer-commanding-maharastra-naval-area-foma |website=indiannavy.nic.in |access-date=23 April 2023}}</ref>

===Flag rank===
Pramod was promoted to flag rank in January 2021 and was appointed [[Deputy Commandant of Indian Naval Academy|Deputy Commandant and Chief Instructor]] of the [[Indian Naval Academy]] on 11 January 2021. After a fourteen-month stint, on 1 April 2022, he moved to Naval headquarters as the [[Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Assistant Chief of Naval Staff]] (Air) (ACNS (Air)).<ref name="ACNS Air">{{cite web |title=REAR ADMIRAL AJAY D THEOPHILUS ASSUMES CHARGE AS DEPUTY COMMANDANT, INA {{!}} INA |url=https://www.ina.gov.in/?q=node/1716 |website=www.ina.gov.in |access-date=23 April 2023}}</ref> In November that year, he was appointed [[Flag Officer Commanding Maharashtra Naval Area]] (FOMA). He took over from Rear Admiral Sandeep Mehta on 28 November 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Change of Guard at Western Naval Command — Transcontinental Times |url=https://www.transcontinentaltimes.com/change-of-guard-at-naval-command/ |website=transcontinentaltimes.com |access-date=23 April 2023 |date=30 November 2022}}</ref> After a year-long tenure, he relinquished charge and handed over to Rear Admiral [[Manish Chadha]]. For his tenure as FOMA, he was awarded the [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] on 26 January 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=75th REPUBLIC DAY PRESIDENT APPROVES DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AND GALLANTRY AWARDS TO INDIAN NAVY PERSONNEL |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1999696 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=26 January 2024}}</ref> In the same month, he was promoted to the rank of Vice Admiral and appointed [[Director General Naval Operations]] (DGNO) at NHQ.<ref>{{cite web |title=ANI |url=https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1746893557414412479 |website=twitter.com |access-date=15 January 2024}}</ref> He served as the DGNO during [[Operation Sindoor]], for which he was awarded the [[Yudh Seva Medal]] (YSM).<ref name="pib.gov.in">{{cite web |title=President approves 127 Gallantry awards, 40 Distinguished Service awards & 290 Mention-in-Despatches on the eve of 79th Independence Day |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2156515 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=14 August 2025}}</ref>

The citation for the YSM reads as follows:<ref>{{cite web |title=Naval Investiture Ceremony - 2026 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KDh8PocmuQs |website=youtube.com |access-date=2 April 2026 |date=1 April 2026}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|
{{center|'''CITATION''' 
'''Rear Admiral A. N. Pramod, AVSM''' 
'''Director General Naval Operations'''}}

As DGNO, he played a vital role in shaping of naval operations in Operation Sindoor. As the Primary Coordinator of Naval Operations, he articulated and realised the Naval action plan in accordance with the specified national objectives. In the face of rapidly deteriorating security situation with Pakistan post the Pahalgam attack, he formulated and executed the Indian response plan in coordination with Intelligence agencies. He assessed the combat readiness of the offensive and defensive Indian naval targeting platforms and vectors in consultation with the operational commands to ensure immediate material readiness of ships and submarines, readiness of MARCOS, on-site availability of ordnance, overnight combat loading of platforms and the rapid deployment while ensuring complete operational information security. He formulated an escalation matrix to meet all the higher directives to ensure a punitive response to the Pakistani forces.

His detailed planning, aggressive deployment of Indian Naval assets in North Arabian Sea and innovative utilisation of special operations streams compelled and restricted Pakistan Navy to remain close to the Pakistan coast.

For his exceptional professionalism, meticulous operational planning and single-minded devotion to duty to the nation, and service as Director General Naval Operations during Operation Sindoor, Vice Admiral AN Pramod, AVSM is awarded the Yudh Seva Medal.|sign=|source=}}

==Personal life==
Pramod is married to Ambili Pramod. The couple has a daughter, Chitranjali, and a son, Siddhanta.<ref name="DepCom INA" />

==Awards and decorations==
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|COLSPAN=4|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=IN Observer badge.png|width=100|alt=}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Samanya_Seva_medal.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Operation_Vijay_medal.svg|width=106}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Operation_Parakram_medal.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Sainya_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=75yearmedal.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND 50th Anniversary Independence medal.svg|width=106}}
|-
|colspan=4|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_30_Years_Long_Service_Ribbon.svg|width=106}} {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND 20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|width=106}} {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND 9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|width=106}}
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;
|COLSPAN=4|[[Indian Navy ranks and insignia#Specialisation Badges|Observer (Navigator) Badge]]
|-
|[[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|[[Yudh Seva Medal]]
|[[Samanya Seva Medal]]
|[[Operation Vijay Medal]]
|-
|[[Operation Parakram Medal]]
|[[Sainya Seva Medal]]
|[[75th Independence Anniversary Medal (India)|75th Independence Anniversary Medal]]
|[[50th Independence Anniversary Medal]]
|-
|[[30 Years Long Service Medal]]
|colspan=2|[[20 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[9 Years Long Service Medal]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Tarun Sobti]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Commandant of Indian Naval Academy#Deputy Commandants|Deputy Commandant]] [[Indian Naval Academy]]|years=2021 – 2022}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ajay D. Theophilus]]}}
{{s-bef|before = Sandeep Mehta}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Flag Officer Commanding Maharashtra Naval Area]]|years=2022 – 2023}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Manish Chadha]]}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Atul Anand]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Director General Naval Operations]]|years=2024 – Present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pramod, A. N.}}
[[Category:Indian Navy vice admirals]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Defence Services Staff College alumni]]
[[Category:Indian naval aviators]]
[[Category:Deputy Commandants of the Indian Naval Academy]]
[[Category:Indian Naval Academy alumni]]
[[Category:Flag Officers Commanding Maharashtra Naval Area]]
[[Category:Directors General Naval Operations]]

Paramesh Sivamani

2026-05-03T03:03:53Z

JovitaMcClinton: new new details - done

{{Short description|26th Director General of Indian Coast Guard}}
{{Indian name|Paramesh|Sivamani}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Director General]]
| name = Paramesh Sivamani
| honorific_suffix = [[AVSM]], [[President's Tatrakshak Medal|PTM]], [[Tatrakshak Medal|TM]]
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1967}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| burial_place =
| image = File:Director General Paramesh Sivamani.jpg
| caption = Official Portrait
| nickname =
| allegiance = {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{coast guard|India}}
| service_years = 1989 – Present
| rank = [[File:Indian Coast Guard OF-8 Shoulder.svg|20px]] [[File:Indian Coast Guard OF-8.svg|22px]] [[Director General]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Official Home Page of the Indian Coast Guard| url=https://www.indiancoastguard.gov.in/director-general-indian-coast-guard|access-date=2025-02-04|website=www.indiancoastguard.gov.in}}</ref>
| commands = {{plainlist |
* Additional Director General
* Coast Guard Commander, Eastern Seaboard
* Commander, Coast Guard Region (W)
* Commander, Coast Guard Region (E)
* Dy Director General (Ops & CS),CGHQ
* Principal Director (Operations),CGHQ
* Director (Operations), CGHQ
* Chief Staff Officer (Operations)
* Coast Guard Region (East)
* [[Samar-class offshore patrol vessel|ICGS ''Samar'']]
* [[ICGS Vishwast|ICGS ''Vishwast'']]
* ICGS Annie Besant
* ICGS Avvaiyar
}}
| unit =
| battles =
| awards = [[File:Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] [[File:President's Tatrakshak Medal.jpg|20px]] [[President's Tatrakshak Medal]] 
[[File:Tatrakshak Medal.jpg|20px]][[Tatrakshak Medal]]
| spouse =
| other_work =
}}

'''Paramesh Sivamani''', [[AVSM]], [[President's Tatrakshak Medal|PTM]], [[Tatrakshak Medal|TM]] (born 1967)<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2024 |title=Paramesh Sivamani takes over as 26th director general of Indian Coast Guard|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2064900|website=Press Information Bureau}}</ref> is a serving Flag Officer of the [[Indian Coast Guard]]. He currently serves as the 26th [[Director General of the Indian Coast Guard]] (ICG).<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=15 October 2024 |title=DG Paramesh Sivamani takes over as 26th Director General of Indian Coast Guard|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2064900 |website=Press Information Bureau}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2024 |title=Paramesh Sivamani takes over as Coast Guard chief |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/paramesh-sivamani-takes-over-as-coast-guard-chief/article68756671.ece |website=The Hindu }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2024 |title=Paramesh Sivamani takes over as 26th director general of Indian Coast Guard|url=https://www.business-standard.com/external-affairs-defence-security/news/paramesh-sivamani-takes-over-as-26th-director-general-of-indian-coast-guard-124101500446_1.html |website=Business Standard }}</ref> Prior to his appointment, he served as the 7th [[Additional Director General]] of the Indian Coast Guard. He earlier served as the Coast Guard Commander (Eastern Seaboard), and as Commander Coast Guard Region (West) and Coast Guard Region (East).

==Career==
[[File:Paramesh Sivamani DG ICG 2024.jpg|thumb|Paramesh Sivamani DG ICG 2024]]
Paramesh joined the Indian Coast Guard in July 1989. Over his career spanning more than three decades, he has held various ashore and afloat appointments. His commands at sea include major vessels of the Indian Coast Guard, such as the Advanced Offshore Patrol Vessel [[Samar-class offshore patrol vessel|''Samar'']] and the Offshore Patrol Vessel [[Vishwast-class offshore patrol vessel|''Vishwast'']].<ref>{{cite web |title=DG Paramesh Sivamani takes over as 26th Director General of Indian Coast Guard |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2064900 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

He has served in key leadership roles, including Coast Guard Commander (Eastern Seaboard), Commander of Coast Guard Region (West), and Commander of Coast Guard Region (East). Sivamani is an alumnus of the National Defence College, New Delhi, and the Defence Services Staff College, Wellington.<ref>{{cite web |title=S Paramesh takes helm as Chief of the Indian Coast Guard |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/s-paramesh-takes-helm-as-chief-of-the-indian-coast-guard-all-you-need-to-know/articleshow/114235973.cms?from=mdr |website=The Economic Times |access-date=26 September 2025 |date=15 October 2024}}</ref>

==Awards and decorations==
Parmesh has been honored with several awards for his service, including the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (2025),<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 Jan 2025 |title= President approves Gallantry awards to 93 Armed Forces personnel on the eve of Republic Day 2025 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2096200 |website=Press Information Bureau}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 Jan 2025 |title= Presidential awards to honour exemplary service on 76th republic day of indian coast guard personnel|url=https://indiancoastguard.gov.in/sites/default/files/Press%20Brief%2025%20Jan%2025.pdf |website=Indian Coast Guard}}</ref> the President Tatrakshak Medal (2019), and the Tatrakshak Medal (2014). He has also received the Director General Coast Guard Commendation (2012) and the FOCINC (East) Commendation (2009).<ref>{{cite web |title=DG Paramesh Sivamani takes over as 26th Director General of Indian Coast Guard |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2064900 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File:ICG DG Paramesh with Indian Army Chief Gen Upendra Dwivedi.jpg|thumb|ICG DG Paramesh Sivamani with COAS Gen Upendra Dwivedi]]
Paramesh is married to Priya, and the couple has a son named Pranav.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 Jan 2025 |title= Director General of Indian Coast Guard |url=https://www.indiancoastguard.gov.in/director-general-indian-coast-guard |website=Indian Coast Guard}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.indiancoastguard.gov.in/director-general-indian-coast-guard indiancoastguard.gov.in]

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef| before = [[Rakesh Pal]]}}
{{s-ttl| title = [[Director General of the Indian Coast Guard]]| years = 2024 - Present}}
{{s-aft| after = Incumbent}}
{{s-end}}

[[Category:Directors General of the Indian Coast Guard]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Mudoor

2026-04-21T12:53:07Z

JovitaMcClinton: New info

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mudoor
| other_name = Mudur
| nickname = Land of Mallus
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name =south India{{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Udupi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = Mudoor_Officil
| named_for = Muddada Uru Mudoor
| parts_type = [[Taluk]]
| parts = [[Byndoor]]
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Village Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank = No1village in Karnataka
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes = 150 feet above sea level
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 7653
| population_as_of = 2024
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]] [[Konkani language|Konkani]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| registration_plate =KA 20
| website =
}}

'''Mudoor''' is a village in the [[Kundapur]] taluk of [[Udupi|Udupi district]].

== Demographic ==
As of 2011, Mudoor has a total population of 2973 people consisting of 1454 male and 275 female residents. The village occupies a total area of 6001.92 hecatres with a population density of 0.495 people per hectare. As of 2011, the total literacy rate was 72.55% which was higher than the national average of 59.5%.<ref name="udupi-census">{{Cite web |title=Census {{!}} Udupi District {{!}} India |url=https://udupi.nic.in/en/document-category/census/ |access-date=2023-05-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>

As of 2011, Mudoor has an employment rate of over 45.95%, 92.17% of whom are employed over 183 days in a year.<ref name="udupi-census" />

== Mobile crematorium ==
The village is one of the first villages in Karnataka to purchase a mobile crematorium due to the village's distance from the closest crematorium, the Kundapur Crematorium Grounds.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-26 |title=First mobile crematorium in Karnataka launched in Kundapur |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bengaluru-news/first-mobile-crematorium-in-karnataka-launched-in-kundapur-101674746158078.html |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Udupi]]
* [[Kundapura]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

{{Settlements in Udupi district}}

[[Category:Villages in Udupi district]]

{{Udupi-geo-stub}}

Prodyut Kumar Ghosh

2026-04-20T08:47:16Z

JovitaMcClinton: new a bio - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Prodyut Kumar Ghosh
| image =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2016
| term_end = 2021
| constituency = [[Narayangarh Assembly constituency|Narayangarh]]
| predecessor = [[Surjya Kanta Mishra]]
| successor = [[Surja Kanta Atta]]
| birth_place =
| birth_date =
| spouse =
| party = [[Trinamool Congress]]
| alma_mater = [[Calcutta University]]
| profession = Politician, Advocate
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Prodyut Kumar Ghosh''' is an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. He was elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] in [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] from Narayangarh, as a member of the [[Trinamool Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=PRODYUT KUMAR GHOSH (Winner) NARAYANGARH (PASCHIM MEDINIPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://www.myneta.info/westbengal2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=121|access-date=2025-06-12|website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=West Bengal Assembly Election Results in 2016|url=https://www.elections.in/west-bengal/assembly-constituencies/2016-election-results.html|access-date=2025-06-12|website=Elections.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Narayangarh Assembly Constituency Election Result|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/narayangarh-west-bengal-assembly-constituency|access-date=2025-06-12|website=Result University}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Paschim Medinipur district]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{WestBengal-AITC-politician-stub}}

Agra North Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:22:23Z

JovitaMcClinton: Stub

{{Short description|Vidhan Sabha constituency in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency| name = Agra North ( आगरा उत्तर )
| constituency_no = 89
| map_image = 89-Agra North.svg
| mla = [[Purshottam Khandelwal]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2017
| established = 2008
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Agra district|Agra]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 4,09,578 (2019)
| type= SLA
}}

'''Agra North Assembly constituency''' is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is a part of the [[Agra district]] and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Agra Lok Sabha constituency]]. First assembly election in this assembly constituency was conducted in 2012 after the constituency came into existence in the year 2008 as a result of the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008".<ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= 30 May 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=30 May 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref>

==Wards / Areas==
Agra North Assembly constituency comprises [[Dayalbagh]] and [[Swamibagh]] ([[Nagar parishad]])s, ward numbers 1, 5, 22, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 35, 38, 42, 43, 45, 48, 51, 55, 62, 66, 70, 78 & 79 in Agra municipal corporation.<ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008"/>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2012|2012]]
| rowspan ="2" | [[Jagan Prasad Garg]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2017|2017]]
|-
|2019*
|rowspan="2" | [[Purshottam Khandelwal]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}
* *By Election

== Election results ==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Agra North<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=25 May 2022 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Purshottam Khandelwal]]
|votes = {{formatnum:153817}}
|percentage = 63.89
|change = {{increase}}5.34
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Shabbir Abbas
|votes = {{formatnum:41447}}
|percentage = 17.22
|change = {{decrease}}3.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Gyanendra
|votes = {{formatnum:34403}}
|percentage = 14.29
|change = {{decrease}}1.63
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Vinod Kumar Bansal
|votes = {{formatnum:5933}}
|percentage = 2.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1608}}
|percentage = 0.67
|change = {{increase}}0.12
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:112370}}
|percentage = 46.67
|change = {{increase}}9.27
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:240752}}
|percentage = 55.27
|change = {{decrease}}3.08
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019 bypoll===
{{Election box begin | title=By-election, 2019: Agra North}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Purshottam Khandelwal]]
|votes = 1,05,762
|percentage = 64.97
|change = +6.42
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Suraj Sharma
|votes = 45,731
|percentage = 28.09
|change = +12.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Ranvir Sharma
|votes = 7,040
|percentage = 4.32
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya)
|candidate = Dileep Kumar Baghel
|votes = 1,515
|percentage = 0.93
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Vanchit Samaj Insaaf Party
|candidate = Rashid Ali Chaudhary
|votes = 742
|percentage = 0.46
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes = 807
|percentage = 0.50
|change = -0.05
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 60,031
|percentage = 36.88
|change = -0.52
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,62,781
|percentage = 39.74
|change = -18.61
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = +6.42
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Agra|Agra North]]<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Jagan Prasad Garg]]
|votes = {{formatnum:135120}}
|percentage = 58.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Gyanendra Gautam
|votes = {{formatnum:48800}}
|percentage = 21.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Atul Garg
|votes = {{formatnum:36739}}
|percentage = 15.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Kundanika Sharma
|party = Independent
|votes = {{formatnum:3275}}
|percentage = 1.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1266}}
|percentage = 0.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:86320}}
|percentage = 37.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:230769}}
|percentage = 58.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = +23.78
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Agra|Agra North]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Jagan Prasad Garg
|votes = 68,401
|percentage = 34.77
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Rajesh Kumar Agrawal
|votes = 45,045
|percentage = 22.90
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sumeet Gupta Bibhab
|votes = 38,258
|percentage = 19.45
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Abhinav Sharma
|votes = 29,499
|percentage = 15.00
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Samanta Dal
|candidate = Hari Om Chaudhary
|votes = 5,478
|percentage = 2.78
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[Independent politician|IND.]]
|candidate = Amit Kumar Diwakar
|votes = 2,641
|percentage = 1.34
|change = -
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 23,356
|percentage = 11.87
|change = -
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,96,716
|percentage = 55.34
|change = -
}}
{{Election box new seat win
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = -
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Politics}}
*[[Agra district]]
*[[Agra (Graduates constituency)]]
*[[Agra Lok Sabha constituency]]
*[[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[List of Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Election results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Agra]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Agra district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Bengali Hindus in Assam

2026-04-16T11:19:54Z

JovitaMcClinton:

{{Short description|Bengali Hindu community in Assam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox religious group
| name = [[Bengali Hindus|Bengalis]] of Assam
 অসমৰ বঙালী হিন্দু আসামের বাঙালি হিন্দু
| image = Prajnasundari Bezbaroa.jpg
| image_caption = [[Pragyasundari Devi|Pragyasundari Bezbarua]] ({{née|'''Devi'''}}), cookbook author, member of the [[Tagore family]], and wife of [[Lakshminath Bezbarua]].
[[File:Durga Puja A.JPG|200px]] [[Durga Puja]] Pandal in [[Assam]].
[[File:Bengali Swastika Symbol half.svg|50px]] Bengali Swastika
| population = 6,022,677–7,502,012 ({{estimation|2011}})<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|date=2019-12-05|title=EXCLUSIVE: BJP Govt plans to evict 70 lakh Muslims, 60 lakh Bengali Hindus through its Land Policy (2019) in Assam|url=https://sabrangindia.in/article/exclusive-bjp-govt-plans-evict-70-lakh-muslims-60-lakh-bengali-hindus-through-its-land|access-date=2021-04-22|website=SabrangIndia|language=en}}</ref><ref name="thenewsweb.inb">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsweb.in/india/bengali-speaking-voters-may-prove-crucial-in-the-second-phase-of-assam-poll/|title=Bengali speaking voters may prove crucial in the second phase of Assam poll|date=April 2021|access-date=13 July 2021|archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603194154/https://www.thenewsweb.in/india/bengali-speaking-voters-may-prove-crucial-in-the-second-phase-of-assam-poll/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://milaap.org/fundraisers/help-hindu-bengalis-nrc|title=Help Hindu Bengalis in Assam to save them from becoming refugee again|website=milaap.org}}</ref> ('''19.3%–25%''' of the Assam's population){{increase}}
| region1 = [[Brahmaputra Valley]]
| pop1 = 4.5 - 5 Million
| region2 = [[Barak Valley]]
| pop2 = 2 Million
| langs = Mother Tongue - [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Bengali dialects|its dialects]]
2nd language - [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
Sacred language - [[Sanskrit]]
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| religions = <big>'''[[Hinduism]]'''</big>
'''Primary''': [[Shaktism]] 
'''Secondary''': [[Vaishnavism]] and [[Shaivism]]
}}
{{Hinduism in India}}

The [[Bengali Hindus]] are the second-largest ethno-religious group just after [[Assamese people|Assamese Hindus]] in [[Assam]]. As per as estimation research, around 6–7.5 million [[Bengali Hindus]] live in Assam as of 2011, majority of whom live in [[Brahmaputra Valley]] and a significant population also resides in the [[Barak Valley]]. The Bengali Hindus are today mostly concentrated in the [[Barak Valley]] region,<ref>"According to Pemberton's report in 1835, the population of the Cachar plains was estimated at about 50,000, among which the Dimasa-Kacharis were the most dominant section; the second were Bengali Muslim immigrants and their descendants; the third were Bengali and Assamese Hindu immigrants and their descendants; and the last bulk of the population consists of Manipuris, Nagas and Kookis." {{harvcol|Shin|2020|p=67}}</ref><ref>"The population of Lower and Upper Cachar was estimated at around 60,000. In Upper Cachar Cacharis, Kookees, Aooloongs, and Nagas were recorded. The inhabitants of Lower Cachar was predominantly Cacharis and Bengali Muslims (descendants of immigrants). There were also Kookees, Manipuris, and Nagas there." {{harvcol|Cederlöf|2014|p=116f}}</ref> and now are politically, economically and socially dominant.<ref name="Statesman">{{cite web | url=https://www.thestatesman.com/opinion/the-assam-narrativeii-1502844495.html | title=The Assam narrative~II | website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] | date=13 January 2020 }}</ref><ref name="auto"/><ref name="thenewsweb.inb"/> Assam hosts the second-largest [[States of India by Bengali speakers|Bengali Hindu population]] in India after [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/every-5th-bengali-speaker-lives-outside-bengal/articleshow/64770649.cms | title=Every 5th Bengali speaker lives outside Bengal | newspaper=The Times of India | date=28 June 2018 }}</ref>

== History ==
{{See also|Sylhet referendum}}

===Barak Valley===
{{main|Barak Valley}}

The [[Barak Valley]] region of Assam comprising the present districts of [[Cachar]] and [[Hailakandi]] (together formerly part of the [[Kachari kingdom]]) and [[Karimganj]] (formerly part of [[Sylhet]]), where the Bengalis, according to historian J.B. Bhattacharjee, had settled here for more than 2 centuries.<ref name="Cachar">{{harvtxt|Baruah|1999|p=102}}</ref> Bhattacharjee argues that the Dimasa kings spoke Bengali and the inscriptions and coins were written in Sanskrit in Bengali script.<ref name="Cachar" /> Migrations to Cachar increased after the British annexation of the region.<ref name="Cachar" /> Bengalis have been living in Barak Valley for at least 224 years.<ref name="Statesman"/> In 1835 Pemberton reported that the population of the Cachar plains was around 50,000 dominated by the [[Dimasa people]], followed by Muslim immigrants from Sylhet and their descendants; a third group was Bengali and Assamese Hindu immigrants and their descendants and Naga, Kuki and Manipuris forming the smallest groups.<ref>"According to Pemberton's report in 1835, the population of the Cachar plains was estimated at about 50,000, among which the Dimasa-Kacharis were the most dominant section; the second were Bengali Muslim immigrants and their descendants; the third were Bengali and Assamese Hindu immigrants and their descendants; and the last bulk of the population consists of Manipuris, Nagas and Kookis." {{harvcol|Shin|2020|p=67}}</ref><ref>"The population of Lower and Upper Cachar was estimated at around 60,000. In Upper Cachar Cacharis, Kookees, Aooloongs, and Nagas were recorded. The inhabitants of Lower Cachar was predominantly Cacharis and Bengali Muslims (descendants of immigrants). There were also Kookees, Manipuris, and Nagas there." {{harvcol|Cederlöf|2014|p=116f}}</ref> According to [[David R. Syiemlieh]], up to 1837 A.D. the plains of [[Undivided Cachar district|Cachar Valley]] were sparsely populated and were dominated by the [[Dimasa people|Dimasa Cachari]], a [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto Burmese]] tribe, under the rule of the Kachari Raja, who have established his kingdom's capital at Khaspur, Cachar plains. He had a good number of Bengali advisers (mostly [[Brahmins]]) around him and gave grants of land to some of them, but the population resembled that of the North Cachar Hills of today as evident from various historical chronicles and sources. The British Annexation of Cachar transformed the demographic patterns of the valley overnight. There was a sudden phenomenal growth in population, while the plains of [[Undivided Cachar district|Cachar]] had about 50,000 inhabitants in all in 1837 A.D. that is five years after its annexation. The population rose to more than five lakhs a few years later, which eventually indicates that there was a large-scale immigration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/5/23/Contd-from-previous-issueThe-Cacharis-were-therefore-compelled-to-be-satisfied-with-North-Cachar-Hills-and-Cachar-plains-as-their-sole-possession-After-the-arrival-of-Cacharis-in-the-Barak-Valley-.html | title=The rise and fall of glorious Cachari kingdom }}</ref> For instance in the 1851 Census, the population of the Cachar Valley was recorded at 85,522, comprising diverse backgrounds including hill tribes. [[Bengali Muslims|Muslims]] and [[Bengali Hindus|Hindus]], predominantly [[Bengalis]], made up 30,708 and 30,573 individuals respectively, constituting 70% of the total population. The remaining population included 10,723 Manipuris, 6,320 Kukis, 5,645 Nagas, and 2,213 Cacharis.<ref>Barbhuiya, A. R. (2020). Indigenous people of Barak Valley. Notion Press. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5SLMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT77&redir_esc=y</ref>

===Assam Valley===

After the annexation of Assam (constituting 19% of present-day Assam) in 1826 A.D., the [[British Raj|British]] encouraged the mass emigration of Bengali Hindus into Assam's mainland [[Brahmaputra Valley]] from the neighboring [[Bengal region]] in the first phase. This influx served to fill various roles within the colonial administration, including administrative workers, court officials, bankers, railway employees, businessmen, and bureaucrats. <ref>IJISSH
https://ijissh.org › Issue2 › IJ...PDF
Immigration in Assam during Colonial rule: Its Impact on the Socio</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://thewire.in/politics/the-economic-basis-of-assams-linguistic-politics-and-anti-immigrant-movements-- | title=The Economic Basis of Assam's Linguistic Politics and Anti-Immigrant Movements }}</ref> Bengali Hindus migrated during the [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|Partition of Bengal]] in 1947 and before the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] of 1971 as refugees, in the second and third phases respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Khalid|first=Saif|title='We're sons of the soil, don't call us Bangladeshis'|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018/6/23/harassed-discriminated-story-of-assams-bengali-origin-people|access-date=2021-05-11|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref>

==Culture==
The culture of [[Bengali Hindus|Bengalis]] in Assam is mainly influenced by a hybrid mixture of Assamese-Bengali culture and traditions. Bengalis specially living in Assamese-dominated [[Brahmaputra Valley]]/Assam Valley speaks [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as their mother tongue, but also speaks [[Assamese language|Assamese]] as their 2nd language and have got assimilated into mainstream Assamese society as "[[People of Assam|Greater Assamese society]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.barakbulletin.com/en_US/bengalis-of-assam-should-learn-both-their-mother-tongue-and-assamese-himanta-biswa-sarma/|title="Bengalis of Assam should learn both their mother tongue and Assamese" : Himanta Biswa Sarma|date=30 May 2023}}</ref> The Bengali identity as a whole, most particularly in [[Assam Valley]] is linguistic, while Bengali as an ethnic is considered as [[People of Assam|Assamese]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/topheadlines/bengali-in-assam-is-linguistic-identity-not-ethnic-one-chief-minister-himanta-biswa-sarma-651639 | title='Bengali' in Assam is linguistic identity, not ethnic one: Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma - Sentinelassam | date=31 May 2023 }}</ref>

While in [[Barak Valley]], the Bengali identity differs significantly from that in the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam. People in Barak Valley predominantly identify as [[Bengalis]] rather than as [[Assamese people|Assamese]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.barakbulletin.com/en_US/whispers-of-valor-the-19th-may-satyagraha-of-bengalis/ | title="Whispers of Valor: The 19th May Satyagraha of Bengalis" | date=19 May 2024 }}</ref> This distinction is rooted in historical, cultural, and linguistic differences between the two valleys. Bengalis in Barak Valley often emphasize their distinct cultural heritage, which includes [[Bengali language]], literature, music, and customs that are more closely aligned with neighbouring [[Sylhet region]] of Bangladesh rather than Assam.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.barakbulletin.com/en_US/whispers-of-valor-the-19th-may-satyagraha-of-bengalis/ | title="Whispers of Valor: The 19th May Satyagraha of Bengalis" | date=19 May 2024 }}</ref> Many in Barak Valley express a desire for greater autonomy or even [[Barak state movement|separation from Assam]], advocating for recognition of their unique identity within India as separate state. This sentiment is reflected in formal discussions and political movements aimed at addressing their cultural and political aspirations, as well as the grievances of being deprived and neglected for years.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2023/05/19/dejected-yet-northeast-bengalis-confide-in-pluralism/ | title=Dejected, yet Northeast Bengalis confide in pluralism | date=19 May 2023 }}</ref>

==Demography==
===Population===
Assam has a large Bengali Hindu population as per as estimation research, but various sources have varied estimation of Bengali Hindu population in Assam, as the census of India, does not allow religious segregation of languages spoken, it is very difficult to arrive at official estimates of a religious-linguistic matrix for the Assam state.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/assembly-polls-2021-assam-politics-tryst-with-religion-and-language-965823.html| title = Assembly polls 2021: Assam politics' tryst with religion and language {{!}} Deccan Herald| date = 24 March 2021}}</ref> It has been said that Bengali Hindus are the third largest community in [[Assam]] after [[Assamese people|Assamese Hindus]] and [[Bengali Muslims]] (locally known as [[Miya people|Miyas]]) with a population of 6 million approx, constituting 19.3% of state population as of [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] estimation figure by Assam government.<ref name="auto"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ ''Number of Bengali Hindus residing in Assam (2010–2019 est. research by various agencies)''
|-
! Source/claimed by
! Population
|-
|Confusion, hope run high among Assam's Hindu Bengalis.<ref>{{cite news |title=Confusion, hope run high among Assam's Hindu Bengalis |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/confusion-hope-run-high-among-assams-hindu-bengalis-786418.html |work=Deccan Herald |date=17 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
| 5,000,000
|-
| Claimed KMSS leader Akhil Gogoi.<ref name="fp18Dec2019">{{cite news |title=Citizenship Amendment Act: BJP chasing ghosts in Assam; Census data shows number of Hindu immigrants may have been exaggerated |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/citizenship-amendment-bill-bjp-chasing-ghosts-in-assam-as-census-data-shows-number-of-hindu-immigrants-couldve-been-exaggerated-5640511.html |work=Firstpost |date=18 December 2019}}</ref>
| 10,000,000
|-
| Claimed AASU chief adviser Samujjal Bhattacharya.<ref name="fp18Dec2019" />
| 7,000,000-7,200,000
|-
| BJP government estimation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sabrangindia.in/article/exclusive-bjp-govt-plans-evict-70-lakh-muslims-60-lakh-bengali-hindus-through-its-land|title = EXCLUSIVE: BJP Govt plans to evict 70 lakh Muslims, 60 lakh Bengali Hindus through its Land Policy (2019) in Assam|date = 5 December 2019}}</ref>
| 6,000,000
|-
| 2016 Assam election assembly results.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/assam-assembly-elections-2016-assamese-are-minority-muslims-are-largest-electoral-group-in-this-poll-battle-1093774/|title = Assam Assembly Elections 2016: Assamese are minority, Muslims are largest electoral group in this poll battle!|date = 8 April 2016}}</ref>
| 6,000,000
|-
| Claimed by NDTV<ref name="thenewsweb.inc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsweb.in/india/bengali-speaking-voters-may-prove-crucial-in-the-second-phase-of-assam-poll/|title=Bengali speaking voters may prove crucial in the second phase of Assam poll - the News Web|date=April 2021|access-date=13 July 2021|archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603194154/https://www.thenewsweb.in/india/bengali-speaking-voters-may-prove-crucial-in-the-second-phase-of-assam-poll/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 5,620,000
|-
| Claimed by Morungexpress.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://morungexpress.com/cong-poll-win-assam-boosted-bengali-hindu-support | title=Cong poll win in Assam boosted by Bengali-Hindu support }}</ref>
| 6,400,000
|-
| Claimed by Assam Bengali Hindu organization (ABHO).<ref name="sentinel3jan">{{cite news |title=Hindu Bengali youth body flays 'government neglect' |url=http://www.sentinelassam.com/ghy_city/story.php?sec=1&subsec=0&id=59144&dtP=2011-04-08&ppr=1 |work=The Sentinel |location=Guwahati |date=2 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928210951/http://www.sentinelassam.com/ghy_city/story.php?sec=1&subsec=0&id=59144&dtP=2011-04-08&ppr=1 |archive-date=28 September 2011}}</ref>
| 6,500,000-7,200,000
|-
| Claimed by The All Assam Bengali Hindu Association (AABHA)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/hindu-bengalis-want-member-in-clause-6-panel-of-assam-accord.html|title = Hindu Bengalis want member in Clause 6 panel of Assam Accord|date = 26 August 2019}}</ref>
| 7,802,000
|-
| Claimed by Times of India<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/over-1cr-bengali-refugees-living-outside-bengal/articleshow/67348291.cms|title = Over 1 crore Bengali refugees living outside Bengal | Kolkata News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=2 January 2019 }}</ref>
| 7,500,000
|-
| Claimed by Daily O News<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyo.in/politics/citizenship-amendment-bill-assam-nrc-illegal-immigration-bangladeshi-infiltration-bjp-hindu-muslim-divide/story/1/24330.html|title = Citizenship Amendment Bill — What is it the Assamese fear the most}}</ref>
| 7,000,000
|-
| Claimed by The Wire<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/politics/assam-on-the-boil-again-this-time-over-hindu-migrants-from-bangladesh|title = Assam on the Boil Again, this Time over Hindu Migrants from Bangladesh}}</ref>
| 5,900,000-7,500,000
|-
| Claimed by The News Web <ref name="thenewsweb.inc"/>
| 7,500,000
|-
| Claimed by The Hindu <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/former-officers-plea-to-respect-diversity-of-barak-valley/article29272612.ece | title=Former officers' plea to respect diversity of Barak Valley | newspaper=The Hindu | date=27 August 2019 }}</ref>
| 7,801,250
|}

===Geographical concentration===
[[File:Map of Barak Valley.jpg|thumb| [[Barak Valley]], a southern most Bengali majority region of Assam]]

They are highly concentrated in the [[Barak Valley]] region where they a form a slide majority and the population of Bengali Hindus in Barak Valley is 20 lakh, constituting 50% of the total population of the region.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-18|title=Citizenship Amendment Act: BJP chasing ghosts in Assam; Census data shows number of Hindu immigrants may have been exaggerated|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/citizenship-amendment-bill-bjp-chasing-ghosts-in-assam-as-census-data-shows-number-of-hindu-immigrants-couldve-been-exaggerated-5640511.html|access-date=2021-04-22|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-01|title=Assam Elections: Why Stakes Are High for BJP in Bengali-speaking Barak Valley|url=https://www.news18.com/news/opinion/assam-elections-why-stakes-are-high-for-bjp-in-bengali-speaking-barak-valley-3596135.html|access-date=2021-04-22|website=www.news18.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-24|title=The role of language and religion in Assam battle|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-role-of-language-and-religion-in-assam-battle-101616533256395.html|access-date=2021-04-22|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Brahmaputra Valley map.png|thumb|Map representing Assamese majority [[Brahmaputra Valley]] region of Assam]]

In Assam's [[Brahmaputra Valley]] region, there is no real data for Bengali Hindu population available through census, but it is just assumed that region Brahmaputra valley have around "40 Lakh Bengali Hindus" as per as New president of the [[All Assam Bengali Youth Students Federation]] (AABYSF), Mahananda Sarkar Dutta who have stated the above demographic statement.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/bengalis-in-assam-uncertain-over-assamese-people-tag/articleshow/74280409.cms|title = 'Bengalis in Assam uncertain over Assamese people tag' | Guwahati News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=24 February 2020 }}</ref>

==Social issues==

===Immigration===
{{Main article|East Bengali refugees}}

[[File:Bangladeshi.refugee.jpg|thumb| ([[East Pakistan]]'s Bengali Hindus of [[Sylhet|Sylhet Division]] coming to Barak's [[Cachar|Cachar district]] as refugees, 1947)]]

Since after [[partition of Bengal (1947)|partition of Bengal]] in 1947 there were large scale Bengali migration into Assam. Between the period of first patches (1946–1951), around 274,455 Bengali Hindu refugees have arrived from what is now called Bangladesh (former East Pakistan) in various locations of Assam as permanent settlers and again in second patches between (1952–1958) of the same decade, around 212,545 Bengali Hindus from Bangladesh took shelter in various parts of the state permanently.<ref>India (1951). "Annual Arrival of Refugees in Assam in 1946–1951". Census of India. XII, Part I (I-A): 353 – via web.archive.org.</ref><ref>http://iussp2005.princeton.edu › ...PDF
The Brahmaputra valley of India can be compared only with the Indus ...{{Deep link needed|date=July 2021}}</ref> After the [[1964 East Pakistan riots]] many Bengali Hindus have poured into Assam as refugees and the number of Hindu migrants in the state rose to 1,068,455 in 1968 (sharply after 4 years of the riot).<ref>{{Cite web|title=iussp2005|url=https://iussp2005.princeton.edu/|access-date=2021-04-22|website=iussp2005.princeton.edu|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422052125/https://iussp2005.princeton.edu/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The fourth patches numbering around 347,555 have just arrived after [[Bangladesh liberation war]] of 1971 as refugees and most have decided to stay back in Assam afterwards.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Adelaide Research & Scholarship: Home|url=https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/|access-date=2021-04-22|website=digital.library.adelaide.edu.au}}</ref>

=== Politics and discrimination ===
{{See also|Bongal Kheda|Anti-Bengali sentiment in India}}

Bengali Hindus are being targeted by xenophobic Assamese nationalist organization and political party from time to time. In the context of linguistic politics in Assam, Bengalis are discriminatively tagged as "[[Bongal]]" (outsiders), which is derogatory and a racial slur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.time8.in/new-nrc-assamese-nationalism-and-xenophobia/|title=NRC, Assamese Nationalism And Xenophobia|accessdate=6 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/opinion/columnists/171219/assam-protests-due-to-politics-of-xenophobia.html|title=Assam protests due to politics of xenophobia|date=17 December 2019 |accessdate=6 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.time8.in/are-the-bengalis-enemy-of-northeast/|title=Are the Bengalis Enemy of Northeast? - TIME8|accessdate=6 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://scroll.in/article/882613/in-assams-brahmaputra-valley-the-citizenship-bill-has-opened-old-assamese-bengali-fissures | title=In Assam's Brahmaputra Valley, the citizenship bill has opened old Assamese-Bengali fissures | date=23 June 2018 }}</ref> Bengali Hindus living in Assam from decades before Bangladesh was born in 1971 are routinely called '[[Bangladeshis]]' as because antipathy towards Bengalis is prime mover of Assam politics since the formation of [[All Assam Students Union]]. Bengali Hindus are being victimized due to [[D voter]] policy in the state as according to Sudip Sarma, the publicity secretary of the Assam unit of the Nikhil Bharat Bangali Udbastu Samanway Samiti, there are 6 lakh Bengali Hindu D voters in the state.<ref name="tt26032012">{{cite news |title=Pincer attack on D-voters |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120326/jsp/northeast/story_15294087.jsp#.UC75Cakgf_c |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203181426/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120326/jsp/northeast/story_15294087.jsp%23.UC75Cakgf_c |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2013 |newspaper=The Telegraph |location=Kolkata |date=26 March 2012 |access-date=18 August 2012}}</ref> Thousands of Bengalis are being held in [[Detention centres in Assam|Detention Camps]]. As far as [[National Register of Citizens for Assam|NRC]] is concerned in the state, 40 lakhs names have been kept out from the second draft of NRC, out of which 12 lakhs were Bengali Hindus.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/exclusion-of-hindu-bengalis-from-assam-nrc-changing-political-119092200259_1.html|title=Exclusion of Hindu Bengalis from Assam NRC changing political|agency=Press Trust of India|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=September 22, 2019|via=Business Standard}}</ref> The CAA bill which was passed at 2019 December have promised to give citizenship to Bengali refugees living in the state living in Assam prior to 1971.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/decoding-the-politics-of-citizenship/story-cy2O9mjNC58siZmW0fSvdN.html|title=BJP using CAA-NRC to reach out to Bengali-speaking Hindu voters in Assam, Bengal|date=December 19, 2019|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhalla |first=Abhishek |date=14 December 2019 |title=Citizenship Amendment Act creates more confusion for Bengali Hindus in Assam |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/citizenship-amendment-act-cab-bengali-hindus-assam-accord-nrc-1628315-2019-12-14 |website=India Today}}</ref> In January 2019, the Assam's peasant organisation Krishak Mukti Sangram Samiti (KMSS) claimed that there are around 2 million Bangladeshi Hindus in Assam who would become Indian citizens if the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill is passed. BJP, however claimed that only eight lakh Hindu Bangladeshis will get citizenship.<ref>{{cite news|title=20 lakh Bangladeshi Hindus to become Indians if Citizenship Bill is passed: Krishak Mukti Sangram Samiti|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/20-lakh-bangladeshi-hindus-to-become-indians-if-citizenship-bill-is-passed-krishak-mukti-sangram-samiti/articleshow/67574226.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-04-22}}</ref> The number of Hindu immigrants from Bangladesh in [[Barak Valley]] has varied estimates. According to the Assam government, 1.3-1.5 lakh such people residing in the Barak Valley are eligible for citizenship if the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019|Citizenship Amendment Act of 2019]] becomes a law.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Naqvi |first1=Sadiq |title=Bengali Hindu refugees in Assam's Barak Valley hope for CAB's passage in RS |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bengali-hindu-refugees-in-assam-s-barak-valley-hope-for-cab-s-passage-in-rs/story-aIbL0La9A2zcyrfehKFx6M_amp.html |access-date=7 December 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=11 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/citizenship-bill-protests-here-why-assam-is-burning-1627538-2019-12-12|title = Citizenship Amendment Bill protests: Here's why Assam is burning| date=12 December 2019 }}</ref> During [[Bongal Kheda]] (chased out Bengali) movement lakhs of Bengali Hindus were forcefully displaced from Assam and they subsequently took refugee in [[West Bengal]], [[Barak Valley]] and [[Tripura]]. According to an estimate, roughly 500,000 Bengalis have left Assam, and thousands were killed in [[Goreswar massacre|Goreswar]], [[Khoirabari massacre|Khoirabari]], [[Silapathar massacre|Silapathar]], and [[North Kamrup massacre|North Kamrup]] following attacks from radical Assamese nationalist mobs and the [[All Assam Students Union]] during the 1980s and 1960s.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bhaumik|first=Subir|editor=Samir Kumar Das|title=Blisters on their Feet|url=http://203.128.31.71/articles/076193653X.pdf|access-date=5 March 2014|year=2008|publisher=Sage|isbn=978-81-7829-819-1|page=303|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305182014/http://203.128.31.71/articles/076193653X.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===1960s Assam language riots===
{{See also|Assam Movement|Assamese Language Movement|Bengali Language Movement (Barak Valley)|Barak state movement}}

In Assam's, Assamese dominated [[Brahmaputra Valley]] region [[Bongal Kheda]] movement (which literally means drive out Bengalis) was happened in the late 1948–80s, where several thousands of Hindu Bengalis was massacred by jingoists Assamese nationalists mob in various parts of Assam and as a result of this jingoist movement, nearly 5 lakh Bengali Hindus were forced to flee from Assam to take shelter in neighbouring West Bengal particularly in [[Jalpaiguri]] division in seek for safety.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/2/26/we-foreigners-what-it-means-to-be-bengali-in-indias-assam|title=We foreigners: What it means to be Bengali in India's Assam|first=Manash Firaq|last=Bhattacharjee|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/india-news-opinion-antipathy-towards-bengalis-prime-mover-of-assam-politics/302538|title=OPINION | Antipathy Towards Bengalis Prime Mover Of Assam Politics | Outlook India Magazine|website=Outlook|date=4 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianage.com/opinion/columnists/171219/assam-protests-due-to-politics-of-xenophobia.html|title=Assam protests due to politics of xenophobia|website=www.asianage.com|date=17 December 2019 }}</ref> In the Bengali dominated [[Barak Valley]] region of Assam, violence broke out in 1960 and 1961 between Bengali Hindus and ethnic Assam police over a state bill which would have made [[Assamese language|Assamese]] mandatory in the secondary education curriculum. On 19 May 1961, eleven Bengali protesters were killed by Assam police fired on a demonstration at the [[Silchar railway station]].{{sfn|Baruah|1999|p=105}}<ref name="silchar">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Silchar-rly-station-to-be-renamed-soon/articleshow/4633120.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104010112/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-09/guwahati/28188207_1_railway-ministry-station-meter-gauge-line |url-status=live |archive-date=4 November 2012 |title=Silchar rly station to be renamed soon |location=Silchar |date=9 June 2009 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=30 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ganguly |first=M. |date=20 May 2009 |title=All for love of language |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090520/jsp/jharkhand/story_10993189.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025202201/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090520/jsp/jharkhand/story_10993189.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 October 2012 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=30 November 2010 |location=Ranchi}}</ref> Subsequently, the Assam government allowed Bengali as the medium of education and held it as an official position in Barak Valley.<ref name="silchar"/>

===Statehood demand===
{{Main article|Barak state movement}}

[[File:Map of Barak Valley Assam.png|thumb|Barak Valley district map]]

The native [[Bengali Hindus|Bengali people]] of [[Barak valley|Barak Region]] demanded a separate state for themselves within the Bengali majority areas of Assam, particularly Bengali majority [[Barak valley]], comprising the three districts [[Cachar district|Cachar]], [[Hailakandi district|Hailakandi]], [[Karimganj district|Karimganj]], to meet the criteria for creating a separate state for themselves by carving out from Assam's Assamese majority [[Brahmaputra valley]] post [[National Register of Citizens|NRC]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/assam-nrc-live-not-hindus-or-muslims-but-bengalis-being-targeted-says-mamata-1827521.html|title=Assam NRC LIVE: Not Hindus or Muslims, But Bengalis Being Targeted, Says Mamata|date=30 July 2018|website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/exclusion-of-hindu-bengalis-from-assam-nrc-changing-political-119092200259_1.html|title=Exclusion of Hindu Bengalis from Assam NRC changing political|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=22 September 2019|via=Business Standard|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/what-the-nrc-reveals-about-the-challenges-of-being-bengali-in-assam/story-WWTy7KEf4YQpTCZwoT9fEI.html|title=What the NRC reveals about the challenges of being Bengali in Assam|date=7 September 2018|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/888680/an-expel-bengalis-campaign-opposing-assams-nrc-mamata-makes-her-strongest-identity-pitch-yet|title='An expel Bengalis campaign': Opposing NRC in Assam, Mamata makes her strongest identity pitch yet|first=Shoaib|last=Daniyal|website=Scroll.in|date=31 July 2018 }}</ref> [[Silchar]] is the proposed capital of Barak state.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.east-himalaya.com/silchar.php|title=Silchar - Assam|website=www.east-himalaya.com}}</ref> Barak valley is the most neglected part of Assam in terms of its infrastructure development, tourism sector, educational institutions, hospitals, IT industries, G.D.P, H.D.I etc. which is still lagging behind in comparison to the Assam's mainland [[Brahmaputra valley]] which have access to all of those facilities mentioned above.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/jul/12/statehood-demand-grows-louder-in-assams-barak-valley-1842315.html|title=Statehood demand grows louder in Assam's Barak Valley|website=The New Indian Express|date=12 July 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/news/barak-organization-demands-creation-of-separate-state/|title=Barak organization demands creation of separate state - Sentinelassam|first=Sentinel Digital|last=Desk|date=27 December 2016|website=www.sentinelassam.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/give-up-separate-barak-state-demand.html|title=Give up separate Barak state demand: Sonowal to Dutta Roy|date=26 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/863011/a-tale-of-two-valleys-whats-behind-the-demand-for-a-separate-union-territory-in-southern-assam|title=A tale of two valleys: What's behind the demand for a separate Union Territory in southern Assam?|first=Arunabh|last=Saikia|website=Scroll.in|date=29 December 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/why-there-is-a-demand-for-the-separate-state-for-b/|title=Why there is a demand for the separate state for Barak valley? - GKToday|website=www.gktoday.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/statehood-sought-for-assams-barak-valley/article25373875.ece|title=Statehood sought for Assam's Barak Valley|newspaper=The Hindu|date=31 October 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> In fact, the Southern most region of Assam that is [[Barak Valley]] have an overwhelming Bengali majority population of about (80.8%) as per 2011 census report respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/politics/assam-elections-2021-can-barak-valley-pay-bjp-the-dividend-of-caa-bid-6706541.html|title = Assam Elections 2021 | Can Barak Valley Pay BJP the Dividend of CAA Bid?| date=30 March 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1800.XLSX|title=2011 Census data|website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

==Occupation==
Most high-level positions are dominated by [[Bengali Hindus]]; many of the well-known teachers, accountants, engineers, senior officials, and government employees come from the Bengali Hindu community, while a minority are engaged in lower-level jobs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/confusion-hope-run-high-among-assams-hindu-bengalis-786418.html|title=Confusion, hope run high among Assam's Hindu Bengalis|date=17 December 2019}}</ref>

== Notable people ==

* [[Priyadarshini Chatterjee]], Indian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned [[Femina Miss India|Femina Miss India World]] in 2016.<ref name="Miss India 2016_Indian_Express">{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/miss-world-india-2016-priyadarshini-chatterjee-5-lesser-known-facts-4432307/lite/|title=Miss World India 2016 Priyadarshini Chatterjee: 5 lesser-known facts|work=Indian Express|first=|last=|date=18 December 2016}}</ref> She represented [[India]] at the [[Miss World 2016]] pageant.<ref>{{cite web|title=Guwahati Girl Priyadarshini Chatterjee Wins Coveted Femina Miss India Title|url=http://lotikai.in/guwahati-girl-priyadarshini-chatterjee-win-coveted-femina-miss-india-title/|access-date=14 May 2016|archive-date=30 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530151735/http://lotikai.in/guwahati-girl-priyadarshini-chatterjee-win-coveted-femina-miss-india-title/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.hindustantimes.com/fashion-and-trends/guwahati-girl-priyadarshini-chatterjee-bags-miss-india-world-title/story-CT6zaZii57IcBauLNtDxeO.html|title=Priyadarshani Chatterjee bags the coveted Femina Miss India World 2016 crown''!''|publisher=HindustanTimes|website=www.hindustantimes.com|date=11 April 2016}}{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> She is the first [[India]]n Bengali women from [[Dhubri]] to represent India at Miss World.
* [[Devoleena Bhattacharjee]], Indian actress, born and brought up in [[Upper Assam]].
* [[Jaya Bhattacharya]], Indian television actress born and brought up in [[Guwahati]], Assam.
* [[Parimal Suklabaidya]], Indian politician BJP (MLA) born in Barak valley region of Assam.
* [[Gautam Roy]], Indian politician born in the Indian state of Assam's Barak valley region.
* [[Sushmita Dev]], Indian politician from congress party born and brought up in Assam's Barak Valley region.
* [[Dipankar Bhattacharjee]], Indian badminton player, born and Brought up in Assam.
* [[Santosh Mohan Dev]], Congress political leader and key member of the party was born and brought up in Assam. His family was also belonged to freedom fighter lineage.
* [[Debojit Saha]], Indian playback singer born and brought up in Assam's Barak valley.
* [[Jaya Seal]], Indian actress and dancer, born and brought up in Assam.
* [[Seema Biswas]], Indian film and theatre actress, born and brought up in Assam.
* [[Amalendu Guha]], (30 January 1924 – 7 May 2015) historian, economist, and poet from Assam, India.
* [[Rumi Nath]], Indian politician and was a member of Assam Legislative Assembly.
* [[Ramkrishna Ghosh]], a BJP MLA from [[Hojai district|Hojai]].
* [[Kalika Prasad Bhattacharya]], singer who was born and brought up in Assam's Barak valley.
* [[Radheshyam Biswas]], former member of [[Lok Sabha]]), [[AIUDF]], who was born and brought up in Assam's Barak valley.
* [[Karnendu Bhattacharjee]], ex-MP of Rajya Sabha, [[Indian National Congress]]
* [[Rajdeep Roy]], Member of Lok Sabha, Silchar
* [[Kripanath Mallah]], Member of Lok Sabha, Karimganj
* [[Gautam Roy]], former Minister, Assam
* [[Pritam Das]], cricketer
* [[B. B. Bhattacharya]], former vice-chancellor, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
* [[Sushmita Dev]], Leader, All India Trinamool Congress

== See also ==
{{Portal|Hinduism|India|Bangladesh
}}

* [[Bengali Hindus]]
* [[Bongal Kheda]]
* [[D voter]]
* [[Bongal]]
* [[Bengali Hindu diaspora]]

==References==
<references />

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Baruah |first1=Sanjib |title=India Against Itself: Assam and the Politics of Nationality |date=29 June 1999 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-3491-6 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last=Cederlöf |first=Gunnel |year=2014 |title=Founding an Empire on India's Northeast Frontiers 1790–1840: Climate, Commerce, Polity |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-0-19-809057-1}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Shin|first1=Jae-Eun|year=2020|title=Descending from demons, ascending to kshatriyas: Genealogical claims and political process in pre-modern Northeast India, The Chutiyas and the Dimasas|journal=The Indian Economic and Social History Review|volume=57|issue=1|pages=49–75|doi=10.1177/0019464619894134|s2cid=213213265}}
{{refend}}
{{Hinduism in India by region}}

[[Category:Bengali diaspora]]
[[Category:Hinduism in Assam]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]

Rajinder Singh (field hockey, born 2002)

2026-04-13T07:12:25Z

JovitaMcClinton: new bio - done

{{Short description|Indian field hockey player (born 2002)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Rajinder Singh
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2002|12|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = Sant Nagar, [[Sirsa district]], [[Haryana]], India
| height =
| position = Midfielder
| currentclub = Namdhari Sports Academy
| clubs1 = Namdhari Sports Academy
| years1 =
| nationalyears1 = 2022–2023
| nationalteam1 = [[India men's national under-21 field hockey team|India U21]]
| nationalcaps1 = 27
| nationalgoals1 = 3
| nationalyears2 = 2024–
| nationalteam2 = [[India men's national field hockey team|India]]
| nationalcaps2 = 37
| nationalgoals2 = 3
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 Men's Hockey Asia Cup|2025 Rajgir]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup|Junior Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup|2023 Salalah]]|}}
}}
'''Rajinder Singh''' (born 22 December 2002)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Rajinder Singh - Hockey India |url=https://hockeyindia.org/index.php/players/rajinder-singh-profile-743 |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=hockeyindia.org}}</ref> is an [[India men's national field hockey team|Indian hockey player]]. He made his senior Indian debut in the two-match series against [[Germany men's national field hockey team|Germany]] in October 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-23 |title=IND vs GER: Inspired by Sardar, Rajinder set for senior India debut in 2024 bilateral hockey series against Germany |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/ind-vs-ger-2024-bilateral-hockey-series-inspired-by-sardar-singh-rajinder-senior-india-debut-v-germany-news/article68786035.ece |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> He plays for Haryana in the domestic tournaments and for [[Hyderabad Toofans]] in the [[Hockey India League]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-15 |title=Hockey India League Players' Auction: Full list of squads of eight men's teams |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/hockey-india-league-players-auction-full-list-of-squads-of-eight-mens-teams/articleshow/114233146.cms |access-date=2025-01-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Singh is from Sant Nagar village, [[Sirsa district]], Haryana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Saikat |date=2024-11-17 |title=After an impressive debut at the Nationals, Haryana’s Rajinder looks to adapt to international hockey with India A |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/rajinder-singh-haryana-hockey-interview-senior-nationals-india-a-tour-of-netherlands-belgium/article68878694.ece |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> He is the son of a land-owning farmer and took up hockey by chance when he joined the Namdhari Academy to get a new hockey stick, like others in his village. He learnt his basics under coach Harwinder Singh and later, former Indian skipper [[Sardara Singh]], who hails from the same village, became his mentor. His Haryana state coach is Sandeep Sangwan.<ref name=":1" />

== Career ==
In October 2022, Singh’s first big medal came in the [[2022 Sultan of Johor Cup]], held at Johor Bahru, Malaysia, where India won a gold medal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-29 |title=India defeats Australia to win third Sultan of Johor Cup in shootout |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/india-australia-sultan-of-johor-cup-2022-final-ind-vs-aus-shootout-5-4/article66069934.ece |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> Next year too, he was in the Indian team that won a bronze medal in the 2023 Sultan of Johor Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest Hockey News and Updates - Hockey India |url=https://hockeyindia.org/news/sultan-of-johor-cup-india-colts-bag-bronze-defeat-new-zealand-2-2-3-2-in-a-thrilling-shootout |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=hockeyindia.org}}</ref> In December, he was also part of the India team that came fourth in the [[2023 Men's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup]]. In 2023, he played in the Indian team that won the Men’s Junior Asia Cup 2023.<ref name=":0" /> He also participated in the [[FIH Pro League|FIH pro league]] for men in the 2022–23 season.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajinder Singh {{!}} India hockey player |url=https://www.fih.hockey/events/world-cup/men/mens-junior-world-cup-2023-1507/player/rajinder-singh-27351 |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=International Hockey Federation |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{India FH Squad 2025 Asia Cup}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Rajinder}}
[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian men's field hockey players]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Haryana]]
[[Category:Men's field hockey midfielders]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Haryana]]
[[Category:People from Sirsa district]]
[[Category:Hockey India League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Alhar Bikaneri

2026-04-09T10:24:19Z

JovitaMcClinton: Stub

{{short description|Indian Urdu poet}}
{{multiple issues|
{{no footnotes|date=May 2016}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2016}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
'''Alhar/Alhad Bikaneri''' (17 May 1937 – 17 June 2009) was a renowned [[Hindi]] ''Hasya Ras'' (Humour) and [[Urdu]] poet of [[India]]. His original name was Shyamlal Sharma. He was born on 17 May 1937 in a small village named Bikaner, [[Rewari district]], [[Haryana]], India.

== Awards and recognition ==

Honored with "Hasya Ratna" he is considered as one of the most famous Hindi humour poet who used to recite poems by singing. He was considered as expert of Chandd Kavita(Rydhym Poems). He was awarded & honoured with India's some of the most prestigious Awards of Hindi humour poetry like Theetoli Award Delhi(1981), [[Kaka Hathrasi]] Award(1986), Akhil Bharteeya Nagrik Parishad(1993), Yatha-Sambhav Award Ujjain(1997), Kavya Gaurav Award Delhi(1998), Narendra- Mohan Award, Maanas Award(2000), Tepa Award Ujjain(2004), Vyangya- Shri Award(2004) & Athasaas -Shikar Award(2007).
In 1996 his work was appreciated by Honorable President of India Dr. [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]. In 2000 Delhi State Government honoured him with Kaka Hathrasi Sammaan which is considered as one of the most prestigious award of Hindi Humor Poetry in India. In 2004, Haryana State Govt. awarded him with Haryana Gaurav Award. His popularity was not only limited in India but was also known outside India for his work. Haryana State Sathiya Academy had declared "Aditya-Alhar Hasya Samman", in order to honour contribution in literature. This award was declared under "Sahityakar Samman Yogna" . Since 2012 this award will be given every year to motivate for contribution in literature . This award carries a cash price of INR 100,000

== Life ==
''Alhar'' was born on 17 May 1937 in Bikaner, Haryana. He was only son in family. His Father name was Sh. Chuutanlal Sharma and Mother's name was Smt. Parvati Devi.Since childhood he was fascinated for music, literature and stage shows. But his father always wanted him to become an Engineer. In class 10th he was passed in first division & got scholarship. He took admission in Science stream at Aheer College Rewari, Haryana. After second year of college, he dropped studies. In Dec 1955 he started his first job at Custodian office Gurgaon, Haryana. He worked there for three months until Mar 1956. In April 1956 he joined Telegraph training centre at [[Saharanpur]] . But soon he fell ill with [[malaria]] & [[typhoid]]. He was admitted to Irwin Hospital Delhi and recovered.

=== Death and memory events ===
On 17 June 2009, at age 72, Alhar died. He had been suffering from respiratory health problems. He was admitted to a hospital in [[Noida]], Uttar Pradesh. In his memory every year on his birthday, various functions are organised by his family and friends. In 2010, [[Kavi sammelan]] was organised which was attended by various famous poets . On the occasion "Alhar ji" was remembered & poets expressed their feelings & respect for him by dedicating there poems for Alharji. In 2011, on his 74th birthday, Haryana Chief Minister Honorable Mr. Bhoopendra Singh Hooda had released his last book " Man mast hua" at Haryana Bhawan, [[New Delhi|New delhi]]. In 2012, Kaka Hathrasi honouring Alhar Bikaneri with Kaka Hathrasi award(1986). On his 75th Birthday a large gathering was organised was Akhil Bharatiya Kavi Sammelan organised at LTG Auditorium by Haryana Sahitya Academy and Chetna India of Delhi. This program was attended by Delhi Assembly Speaker, many ministers & poets was also available on the occasion.

== Poems ==
About his writing skills Dr. Devendra Arya said "Alhar ji humor is like a ray of glowing light in darkness. He is expert in expressing the pain, tears using his humor skills that the message goes to the heart of person directly with a great impact without causing any hurting".

23 Jan 1971, he participated for the first time in Lal Qila Kavi sammelan and recited his poem.

=== Influences ===
In 1962 he started his writing career as Ghazal writer with the pen name of "Mahir Bikaneri". During that time he was working as clerk in main post office, [[Kashmiri Gate, Delhi|Kashmiri gate, Delhi]]. One day while working one thought clicked in his mind . He looked around in office & wrote his first humour poem "Afsar Ji ki [[Amar Kahani]]". When he narrated that poem in office, it had created a magic. Everyone liked & appreciated it very much. In 1967. Those days he was very much impressed & motivated with writing work of "Shri Kaka Hathrasi". In that motivation he wrote few humour poems also. One day he was sharing his poems to one of his friend "Shayar Razaa Amrohi". After listening those poems Amrohiji suggested him to write for Hindi Humor Poetry . This appreciation was the beginning . But final turning point in his poetic career was the book Kaka Ki Phuljhariya. After reading this book, he decided to stop writing serious songs & Ghazals & entered to the world of humorous poems. He changed his Pen name to "Alhar/Alhad Bikaneri" & start writing for Hindi Humour poetry .
After this, his long journey of humorous poetry was started . He touched heights of successes & glory and gave special contribution to Hindi Poetry & literature. He did his first Kavi sammelan in 1967 at North Block, Delhi, in front of Dada Bhawani Prasad Mishr. There he narrated his poem titled Kamaal Dekte Hain . After listening poem Dada was very much impressed with Alharji . He gave his blessing to him & motivated him to keep going on this journey of Humor Poems. In 1968 one evening, his one friend Krish Swarup, took him to house of Shri. [[Gopal Prasad Vyas]]. Those days Vyasji was residing at Bhagirath Palace Delhi. Alhar was excited to present his poems in front of Vyas ji. When he finished his poem, Vyas ji commented him to first study & get in-depth knowledge of literature. He asked him to study the complete Literature which was written by him & thoroughly analyse it. After complete learning then start & create something new of his own . If able to do that then only come back to him again. This conversation had strong impact on Alhar. Again life was giving him challenge. Either take the challenge or stop writing. He accepted this challenge. For next two complete years he studied literature & improved his skills. After 2yrs of strong hard work, finally in 1970 Vyasji had accepted Alhar as his student . In Nov 1970, Vyasji asked Alhar to travel with him to Kolkatta . There in traditional & ceremonial way he accepted him as his student. 23 Jan 1971, for the first time he participated in Lal Qila Kavi sammelan & recite his poem.
In the background of his most poems we can see a devotional background. The reason for this is linked with his personal life. When he was only 22 years old his father died. As an asset to his son, he left one Musical Instrument, Some Hindu Religious Books Ramayana, Gita-Manthan, Ghandhi-Manthan, Ghandhi Vani, Bhuddha Vani, Tamil Ved. In Feb 1970, Alhar was reading one of the religious books and found a Line written by the famous Urdu Poet, Nazeer Akbarbaadi, “ Poore hain Wahi Mard, Jo Har Haal Mai Khush Hain". After reading these line he felt as if some magic had happened and a chain of new thoughts originated in his mind. He felt he found a treasure which he was searching from years. Using these lines he wrote his own poem named “ Har Haal Mei Khush Hain" and later this poem was incorporated in his book Mun Mast Hua.
All over India his popularity was at the peak. The poem " Har Haal Mei Khush Hain " poem gives a lesson to keep patience at any situation in life. Accept the challenges of life and face them boldly. A Person should be able to keep himself happy in all situations. Life is never the same, sometimes tough and other times tougher, but instead of crying about the situation the person who boldly face them, accept the things and remain happy is the man in real way. Value the things which have been offered to you and accept it as a best gift from god.

=== Published ===
His work & poems was published by many magazines. In most popular weekly magazine "Saptahik Hindustan" the first poem which was published in this magazine was ''Har haal mei khush hain''. Later many more poems were published by this magazine. It was in fact accepted by ''Alharji'' the reason for his & his poems popularity goes to that time publisher of "Saptahik Hindustan" Mr. [[Manohar Shyam Joshi]], who had given a platform through his magazine to make it possible to convey poems to a general man at National level. In just two years time, Alhar became a National Poet.

Some of the most famous poems are Hasya Kawaali-Moongphali, Vote Mangan Nikle Neta ji, Market Value, Har Haal Mai Khush Hai, Anphad Dhanno, Ghaat-Ghaat Ghoomei, Chunaav Ghosna-Patra.

== Other work ==
Apart from writing ghazals and poems, he also worked for cinema. In 1986 he had written the story, script and songs for a regional Haryana Language movie named ''Choti Saali''. He regularly used to recite poems from Akashvaani (India Radio service) & Doordarshan ([[India TV]] Service). His poems were regularly printed in newspapers & Hindi magazines. He wrote many books. The most popular of them were ''Bhaj Pyare Tu Sita Raam'', ''Ghaat-Ghaat Ghoome'', ''Abhi Hasta Hun'', ''Ab Toh Aansso Paunch'', ''Bhaisa Peewae Somras'', ''Thaath Ghazal ke'', ''Unchuae Haath'', ''Jai Madam Ki Bol Re'', ''Har Haal Mai Khush hai'', ''Khol Na Dena Dwar'' and ''Mun Mast Hua''.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

* [https://alharbikaneri.com Home]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210917/http://kavyanchal.com/navlekhan/?tag=alhad-bikaneri Alhad Bikaneri « रचनाएँ]
* [http://www.geeta-kavita.com/indian_poetry_list.asp Geeta-Kavita.com: Collection of Popular Hindi Poems – Maahishmati Samrajyam : Baahubali:Manoj Muntashir-Hindi poem] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919194212/http://geeta-kavita.com/indian_poetry_list.asp |date=19 September 2012 }}
* [http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20090617/1276927.html Haryana Guv, CM mourn death of poet Alhar Bikaneri]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}
* http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/alhar-bikaneri-remembered/article3434808.ece?
* [https://archive.today/20130216051628/http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/20/stories/2009062054610400.htm The Hindu : New Delhi News : Veteran poet passes away]
* [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120508/harplus.htm#23 The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Haryana Plus]

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Haryana]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian poets]]

Swayamvara (2010 film)

2026-04-06T00:54:05Z

JovitaMcClinton: details

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Swayamvara
| image = Swayamvara (2010 film).jpg
| caption = VCD cover
| director = R Anantharaju
| producer = M Chandru
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Diganth]]
*[[Srinagara Kitty]]
*[[Sharmiela Mandre]]
}}
| narrator =
| music = [[Manikanth Kadri]]
| cinematography = H C Venu
| editing = Deepu S Kumar
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2010|03|19}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Swayamvara''''' is a 2010 Indian [[Kannada]]-language film directed by R Anantharaju, starring [[Diganth]], [[Srinagara Kitty]] and [[Sharmiela Mandre]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/ill-soon-be-a-size-zero-sharmila/articleshow/5750621.cms|title=I'll soon be a size zero: Sharmila|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 April 2010}}</ref> in lead roles.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2010 |title=Srinagara Kitty is out to entertain you! |url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/mar/18/slide-show-1-south-interview-with-srinagara-kitty.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Actor M.Chandru who produced this movie was known as "Swayamvara" Chandru for a brief period until producing ''[[Kaddipudi]]'' after which he was known as "Kaddipudi" Chandru. The movie is a remake of 2004 Hindi movie ''[[Mujhse Shaadi Karogi]]'' which was based on the 2001 Tamil movie ''[[Kabadi Kabadi (2001 film)|Kabadi Kabadi]]'' which in turn was inspired by the 2000 English movie ''[[Meet the Parents]]''.<ref name="R"/>

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=October 2022}}

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Diganth]] as Vijay
* [[Srinagara Kitty]] as Ajay
* [[Sharmiela Mandre]] as Anu
* [[Rangayana Raghu]] as Col Kenchappa
* [[Sudha Belawadi]]
* [[M. N. Lakshmi Devi]]
* [[Ramesh Bhat]]
* [[M. S. Umesh]]
* [[Tennis Krishna]]
* Harish Rai
}}

==Music==

{{Infobox album
| name = Swayamvara
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Manikanth Kadri]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2010
| recorded = 2010
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 21:32
| language = Kannada
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year = 2009
| year = 2011
| next_title =
| next_year = 2010
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube| 4TLfVacs_lE| Swayamvara - Full Album}}
}}
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 21:32
| title1 = Milky Baby
| extra1 = [[Anitha Karthikeyan]], Balu Thangachan, Sindhuja Rajaram
| length1 = 4:14
| title2 = Shuruvaayithu
| extra2 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| length2 = 4:48
| title3 = Kaadige Kanna
| extra3 = [[Benny Dayal]], [[Chaitra H. G.]]
| length3 = 4:32
| title4 = Ambaari
| extra4 = Manikanth Kadri, Rakesh Raghuram, [[Chaitra H. G.]]
| length4 = 4:35
| title5 = Anusha
| extra5 = [[Gurukiran]], Manikanth Kadri, Maya
| length5 = 4:03
}}

== Reception ==
The critical reception of the film was mixed. A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote "Almost all the character artists have performed well in the film. H.C. Venu has done a good job behind camera. "Swayamvara" is an average fare and is worth just a one-time watch".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2010/mar/21/swayamvara-141054.amp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922160934/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2010/mar/21/swayamvara-141054.amp|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 September 2022|title=Swayamvara|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=21 March 2010}}</ref> B S Srivani from ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote "Kitti is up to the task. Sharmila is restrained and oozing glamour wherever required. Having perfected the art of grating on the nerves in other films, the dimpled actor manages to pull off inane jokes easily. ‘Swayamvara’ is a nice title for a less-than-nice film".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/58982/swayamvara.html|title=Swayamvara|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=19 March 2010}}</ref> Shruti Indira Lakshminarayana from [[Rediff.com]] scored the film at 2.5 out of 5 stars and says "Dialogues don't have much punch, and despite all the songs being original scores and big names like Yograj Bhatt, Nagendra Prasad, Sudhir Athawar, Arjun and Tushar Ranganath writing the lyrics, Manikanth Kadri's music is not catchy. The film also seems a tad too lengthy".<ref name="R">{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-kannada-movie-review-swayamvara/20100319.htm|title=Review: Swayamvara is time pass|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=19 March 2010}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote "All the actors churn out decent performances. Rangayana Raghu whose character is at the receiving end of Kitty’s mis-directed efforts to woo Sharmila is fun to watch. Sharmila oozes glamour and her eye candy image is worth the trip to the cinema hall".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/swayamwara-good-for-the-laughs/articleshow/21905078.cms|title=Swayamwara: Good for the laughs|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=19 March 2010}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2010 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2010 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010 films]]

MRF (company)

2026-03-28T15:01:09Z

JovitaMcClinton: improve lead per sources and fixed typos for clarity

{{Short description|Indian tyre manufacturing company}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox company
| name =
| trading_name =
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| image = EXCON 2025, Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (338).jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = MRF OTR Tyres at [[EXCON]] 2025, ([[Bangalore International Exhibition Centre|BIEC]])
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{BSE|500290}} {{NSE|MRF}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|INE883A01011}}
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
| founded = {{start date and age|df=yes|1946}} in [[Tiruvottiyur]], [[Madras]] (now [[Chennai]]), [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| founder = [[K. M. Mammen Mappillai]]
| defunct = 
| fate =
| hq_location =
| hq_location_city = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| hq_location_country = India
| num_locations =
| num_locations_year = 
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{ubl|K. M. Mammen (Chairman)|Rahul Mammen Mappillai (MD)}}
| industry = {{ublist|[[Tyres]]|[[Rubber|Rubber products]]}}
| products = {{ublist|[[Tire|Tyres]]|[[Toys]]|[[Sports]] equipment|[[Conveyor belt]]|[[Paints]]|Coats}}
| brands =
| production =
| production_year = 
| services =
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|28561|c}} (2025)<ref name="pnl">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mrftyres.com/downloads/Annual-Report-2024-25.pdf|title=MRF FY25 Annual Report|website=mrftyres.com}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{down}} {{INRConvert|2479|c}} (2025) <ref name=pnl/>
| assets = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|29567|c}} (2025)<ref name=pnl/>
| equity = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|18489|c}} (2025)<ref name=pnl/>
| owner = 
| members =
| members_year = 
| num_employees = 17,850 (2025)
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| module = 
| website = {{official URL}}
| footnotes =
| former_name =
| profit = {{down}} {{INRConvert|1869|c}} (2025)<ref name=pnl/>
}}

'''MRF''', or '''MRF Tyres''', is an Indian [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] tyre manufacturing company and the largest manufacturer of tyres [[Economy of India |in India]]. It is headquartered in [[Chennai]].<ref name="MRF">{{cite web |url=https://www.mrftyres.com/overview |title=MRF:Overview |date=14 February 2015 |access-date=14 February 2015 |archive-date=30 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230053924/https://www.mrftyres.com/overview |url-status=dead }}</ref> The abbreviation '''MRF''' comes from the company's initial days when it was called the ''' [[Madras Rubber Factory]]'''. The company manufactures rubber products including [[tyres]], [[Tire tread|tread]]s, tubes and [[conveyor belts]], [[paints]] and [[toys]].<ref name="Reuters">{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=MRF.BO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214104152/http://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=MRF.BO |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 February 2015 | title=Company Profile:MRF | work = Reuters| date=14 February 2015}}</ref> MRF was named the world's second-strongest tyre brand by Brand Finance, with a AAA− brand grade.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-13 |title=MRF is 2nd strongest tyre brand in world |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/mrf-is-2nd-strongest-tyre-brand-in-world/articleshow/99450000.cms |access-date=2023-04-14 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

MRF is also active in cricket and motorsports endorsements; it runs the [[MRF Pace Foundation]] and MRF Institute of Driver Development (MIDD) in Chennai.

[[File:EXCON 2025, Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (342).jpg|thumb|right|MRF OTR Tyres at EXCON 2025, ([[Bangalore International Exhibition Centre|BIEC]]) ]]

== History ==
MRF was started by [[K. M. Mammen Mappillai]] as a toy balloon manufacturing unit in 1946 at [[Tiruvottiyur]], [[Madras]] (now Chennai). In 1952, the company ventured into the manufacture of tread rubber.<ref name="MRF"/> Madras Rubber Factory limited was incorporated as a private company in November 1960 and ventured into manufacture of tyres in partnership with [[Mansfield, Ohio|Mansfield Tire & Rubber company]] based in Ohio, United States.<ref name="NDTV">{{cite web|date=14 February 2015|title=MRF Limited|url=http://profit.ndtv.com/stock/mrf-ltd_mrf/reports|publisher=NDTV}}</ref> The company went public on 1 April 1961 and an office was established in [[Beirut]], Lebanon to develop the export market in 1964 and its current logo of the muscleman was born.<ref name="NDTV"/> In 1967, it became the first Indian company to export tyres to USA.<ref>{{cite web|title=Time line and milestones : MRF tyres 1946-1970|url=https://www.mrftyres.com/milestones/1946-1970|website=MRF Tyres website|publisher=MRF Tyres|access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref>

In 1973, MRF started manufacturing [[Nylon]] tyres for the first time. The company entered into with a technical know-how collaboration with [[Goodrich Corporation|B. F. Goodrich]] in 1978.<ref name="Indiainfo">{{cite web |url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/markets/company/background/company-profile/mrf-ltd/391 | title= Company background: MRF | date=14 February 2015}}</ref> The Mansfield Tire & Rubber Co sold out its share in 1979 and the name of the company was changed to MRF Ltd in the year. The company finalised a technical collaboration agreement with Marangoni TRS SPA, Italy for the manufacture of pre-cured tread rubber for retreading industry. MRF tyres supplied tyres to [[Maruti 800]], India's first modern small car.<ref name="NDTV"/> In 1989, the company collaborated with [[Hasbro|Hasbro International]], the world's largest toy maker and launched Funskool India. Also, they entered into a pact with Vapocure of Australia to manufacture polyurethane paint formulations and with [[Italy|Italian]] tyre manufacturer [[Pirelli]] for conveyor and elevator belt manufacture.<ref name="Indiainfo"/> During the year 2004–05, the product range of the company expanded with Go-kart & rally tyres and tyres for two/three wheelers.{{citation needed|date=July 2025}}

==Products==
*It manufactures various tyres for passenger cars, two–wheelers, trucks, buses, tractors, light commercial vehicles, off–the–road tyres and aero plane tyres,<ref name="Reuters"/> MRF ZVTS<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-16|title=What Are The Best Tyre Brands 2020? - Caringlyyours|url=https://www.caringlyyours.com/best-tyre-brands/|access-date=2020-06-24|website=Caringly Yours|language=en-US|archive-date=14 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814083206/https://www.caringlyyours.com/best-tyre-brands/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and MRF Wanderers for cars and SUVs, MRF Meteor all terrain tyres, MRF Steel Muscle for trucks and buses.<ref name="Indiainfo"/>
*MRF ZLX is the latest one which is well known for its comfort in passenger segment.{{citation needed|date=July 2025}}
*Conveyor Belting – manufactures its in-house brand of Muscleflex conveyor belts.<ref name="Indiainfo"/>
*Pretreads – MRF has the most advanced pre-cured retreading system in India. MRF forayed into retreading in 1970 and manufactures pretreads for tyres.<ref name="Indiainfo"/>
*Paints – manufactures polyurethane paint formulations and coats used in automotive, decorative and industrial applications.<ref name="Reuters"/>also indigenous Air craft tyres like Su 30 MKI fighter for [[Indian Air Force]].{{citation needed|date=July 2025}}

==Manufacturing facilities==
# [[Kottayam]] Plant in [[Kerala]]
# [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] Plant
# [[Goa]] Plant
# [[Perambalur district]], [[Tamil Nadu]] (Trichy Radial Plant)
# [[Perambalur district]], [[Tamil Nadu]] (Trichy Bias Plant)
# [[Arakonam]] Plant in [[Tamil Nadu]]
# [[Tiruvottiyur]] Plant in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
# [[Medak]] Plant in [[Telangana]]
# Ankenpally Plant in [[Telangana]]
# Dahej Plant in [[Gujarat]]

The company also manufactures toys at its facility in [[Goa]]. The paints and coats are manufactured at two facilities in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mrftyres.com/paints-and-coats|title=MRF Paints and Coats|access-date=14 February 2015|archive-date=1 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601193938/https://www.mrftyres.com/paints-and-coats|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Funskool==
{{main|Funskool}}
[[Funskool|Funskool India]] was established in 1987 in collaboration with Hasbro toys, US. Funskool manufactures and markets toys, board games among others. It has a manufacturing facility in Goa, India. The company has manufacturing licenses for toys and games from [[Disney]], [[Warner Brothers]], [[Rummikub]] etc. Funskool also has partnerships with renowned toy brands such as [[Hasbro]], [[Lego]], [[Hornby Railways|Hornby]], [[Ravensburger]], [[Tomy Toys]], [[LeapFrog Enterprises|LeapFrog]], [[Siku Toys|Siku]] [[Jumbo]], and [[New Bright]] for manufacturing and marketing in India.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.funskoolindia.com/about-us/our-company | title = Funskool India | date=14 February 2015}}</ref>

==Motorsports==
=== MRF Racing ===

MRF built its first [[Formula 3]] car in 1997.<ref name="MRF Racing">{{cite web|url=https://www.mrftyres.com/mrf-sports|title = MRF Sports}}</ref> MRF in collaboration with [[Maruti Suzuki|Maruti]] established the [[Formula Maruti]] racing, a single-seater, open wheel class motorsport racing event for race cars made in India.<ref name="NDTV"/> [[MRF Challenge]] is a [[F2000 Championship Series|Formula 2000]] open-wheel motorsport formula based series organised by [[Madras Motor Sports Club]] in association with MRF. The [[2014–15 MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship season|latest season]] consisted of races organised at [[Irungattukottai Race Track|Madras Motor Racing Track, Chennai]], [[Bahrain International Circuit]], [[Losail International Circuit|Losail International Circuit, Doha]] and [[Buddh International Circuit|Buddh International Circuit, Noida]]. Freddie Hunt, son of {{F1|1976}} [[Formula One]] champion [[James Hunt]] and [[Mathias Lauda]], son of {{F1|1975}}, {{F1|1977}} and {{F1|1984}} Formula One champion [[Niki Lauda]] both competed in the series.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/114968|title=The sons of James Hunt and Niki Lauda to race in MRF series|last=Simmons|first=Marcus|date=15 July 2014|work=[[Autosport]]|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|access-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> MRF has sponsored Indian racing drivers including [[Narain Karthikeyan]], [[Karun Chandok]], [[Ashwin Sundar]], [[N. Leelakrishnan]] and [[Raj Bharath (racing driver)|Raj Bharath]].{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

===MRF rally team===
MRF is the first and only Indian manufacturer to have won the Team Championship at the prestigious FIA European Rally Championship, not once, but twice in 2022 and 2023.

MRF have also been a long-running sponsor of an MRF rally team participating in the [[Asia-Pacific Rally Championship]] and [[Indian National Rally Championship]]. Associating with Czech car manufacturer [[Škoda Auto|Škoda]], MRF Skoda is the three time reigning champion in the Asia-Pacific Rally Championship with [[Chris Atkinson]] winning in [[2012 Asia-Pacific Rally Championship season|2012]], [[Gaurav Gill]] in [[2013 Asia-Pacific Rally Championship season|2013]], [[Jan Kopecký]] in [[2014 Asia-Pacific Rally Championship season|2014]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rally.com.au/world-news/kopecky-wins-aprc-for-team-mrf |title=Kopecky wins WRC for MRF |publisher=rally.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129084902/http://www.rally.com.au/world-news/kopecky-wins-aprc-for-team-mrf |archive-date=29 November 2014 }}</ref> [[Pontus Tidemand]] in [[2015 Asia-Pacific Rally Championship|2015]] and Gaurav Gill again in [[2016 Asia-Pacific Rally Championship|2016]] and [[2017 Asia-Pacific Rally Championship|2017]]. MRF also participates in [[Raid De Himalaya]], the world's highest rally.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.northindiatimes.com/news/122/ARTICLE/1902/2009-09-02.html |title = Raid de Himalaya 2009 from October 5, 2009 |access-date = 2010-03-30 |date = 2009-09-02 |work = North India Times|url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100101040049/http://northindiatimes.com/news/122/ARTICLE/1902/2009-09-02.html |archive-date = 1 January 2010}}</ref>

MRF entered the [[European Rally Championship]] in [[2020 European Rally Championship|2020]], with WRC [[Hyundai Motorsport|Hyundai]] driver [[Craig Breen]] and Emil Lindholm driving for the team.

MRF remained in ERC for 2021 and also joined several other rally championships. [[Craig Breen]], along with Italian Simone Campedelli are set to participate in [[2021 European Rally Championship|European Rally Championship]]. Campedelli, along with eleven-time Italian rally champion [[Paolo Andreucci]] and the 2017 ERC Ladies champion [[Tamara Molinaro]] will use the tyres while competing in the Italy Gravel rally championship. Emil Lindholm left ERC and instead will focus entirely on testing the tyres on the gravel roads of Finland. After the 2021 Rally di Roma Capitale, Breen was replaced by other [[Hyundai Motorsport|Hyundai]] drivers, [[Jari Huttunen]] and [[Dani Sordo]], as well as [[Nil Solans]] later on.

MRF entered Norbert Herczig, Simone Campedelli and the 2021 runner-up [[Efren Llarena]] for the 2022 campaign, with Llarena taking his first win during 2022 Rallye Azores.

In [[2023 European Rally Championship|2023]], Team MRF Tyres successfully defended their FIA European Rally Championship (ERC) Teams’ title with a dominant performance. Latvian driver [[Mārtiņš Sesks|Martins Sesks]], alongside co-driver [[Renārs Francis|Renars Francis]], secured back-to-back victories at Rally Poland and Rally Liepaja, making Sesks the only driver to win multiple rallies that season. Additional podium finishes by teammates Efrén Llarena and Sara Fernández at Rally Islas Canarias, and consistent performances from Simone Campedelli and Tania Canton, contributed to the team’s success. MRF Tyres clinched the championship with two rounds to spare, finishing 54 points ahead of their nearest rivals, [[BRC Racing Team]].

The [[2024 European Rally Championship|2024]] season presented new challenges for Team MRF Tyres, who ultimately finished second in the ERC Teams’ Championship with 167 points, trailing BRC Racing Team. Despite the setback, the team celebrated a significant victory at the season finale, Rally Silesia in Poland, where Italian driver Andrea Mabellini and co-driver Virginia Lenzi claimed their maiden ERC win. Mabellini’s triumph was particularly noteworthy, as he became the first Italian in 13 years to win a European rally outside Italy.

===MRF Motocross===
MRF promotes a national motocross championship, a form of all-terrain two wheeler racing held on enclosed off-road circuits annually across several cities.<ref name="MRF Racing"/>

===MRF Karting===
MRF sponsors major [[karting]] championships in India. MRF is the first Indian tyre company to develop [[FIA]] approved karting tyres.<ref name="MRF Racing"/>

==Cricket==
===MRF Pace Foundation===
{{Main|MRF Pace Foundation}}

MRF Pace Foundation is a coaching clinic for training [[Fast bowling|fast bowlers]] established by MRF with the help of former [[Australian cricket team|Australian]] Pace spearhead [[Dennis Lillee]] in Chennai, India. Through this program, young aspiring fast bowlers are trained in a special facility. Fast bowlers who trained with foundation and went on to represent the [[Indian Cricket Team]] include [[Javagal Srinath]], [[Irfan Pathan]], [[Munaf Patel]], [[Venkatesh Prasad]], [[R. P. Singh]], [[Zaheer Khan]] and [[Shanthakumaran Sreesanth|S Sreesanth]]. Besides Indian players, foreign players like [[Chaminda Vaas]], [[Henry Olonga]], [[Heath Streak]] and [[Australians|Australian]] fast bowlers [[Glenn McGrath]], [[Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)|Mitchell Johnson]] and [[Brett Lee]] have also trained at the foundation. [[Sachin Tendulkar]] in his early days trained in the MRF Pace Foundation to become a fast bowler. [[Glenn McGrath]] was appointed director of the Foundation on 2 September 2012, replacing Dennis Lillee, who has held the post since its inception in 1987.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/current/story/580431.html |title = McGrath takes charge of MRF Pace Foundation| publisher=Espncricinfo}}</ref>

===Endorsement===
MRF has been the bat sponsor for many influential cricketers including [[Sachin Tendulkar]], [[Brian Lara]] and [[Steve Waugh]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/sachins-innings-with-mrf-ends/article21753.ece|title=Sachin's innings with MRF ends|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> Currently MRF is endorsed by [[Virat Kohli]], and [[Shubman Gill]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-04 |title=MRF announces Shubman Gill as brand ambassador |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/mrf-announces-shubman-gill-as-brand-ambassador/articleshow/118715863.cms |access-date=2025-05-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.oneindia.com/sports/cricket/virat-kohli-earns-rs-8-crore-mrf-ad-on-his-bat-ms-dhoni-team-india-2047409.html|title=Virat Kohli earns Rs 8 crore for MRF ad on his bat, rakes in Rs 2 crore more than MS Dhoni}}</ref> MRF has also sponsored Indian batsmen [[Rohit Sharma]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/even-i-am-guilty-of-getting-carried-away-but-sachin-has-stayed-grounded/1191324/|title=Even I am guilty of getting carried away but Sachin has stayed grounded|newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref> [[Gautam Gambhir]], [[Sanju Samson]], [[Shikhar Dhawan]] and [[Mignon du Preez]].

====Previous endorsements====
* [[Sachin Tendulkar]] – India. Conqueror, Genius, Wizard
* [[Virat Kohli]] – India. Conqueror, Genius.
* [[Brian Lara]] – West Indies. Genius (previously), Wizard, Wizard 400 (named in honour of the 400 not out he made against [[England cricket team|England]] at the [[Antigua Recreation Ground]]) in 2004
* [[Steve Waugh]] – Australia. Conqueror
* [[Gautam Gambhir]] – India. Genius
* [[Sanju Samson]] – India. Wizard
*[[Shikhar Dhawan]] – India. Genius
*[[Prithvi Shaw]] – India. Genius, Prodigy PS 100
* [[AB de Villiers]] – South Africa. Genius
* [[Shubman Gill]] – India. Genius

===Sponsorship===
At [[IPL 2010]], MRF sponsored [[moored balloon]]s floating above the cricket grounds with a high-definition [[camera]] recording live actions of the cricket match. MRF joined as a global partner of [[International Cricket Council]] for [[2015 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.zigwheels.com/news-features/news/mrf-becomes-global-partner-for-icc-cricket-world-cup-2015/20446/|title=MRF becomes global partner for ICC|publisher=Zigwheels}}</ref> In 2017, MRF became the sleeve sponsor for the [[Premier League]] clubs [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nufc.co.uk/news/latest-news/mrf-named-shirt-sleeve-sponsor|title=MRF named shirt sleeve sponsor|website=Newcastle United Football Club|date=8 September 2017 |language=EN|access-date=2018-03-29}}</ref> [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United F. C.]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2017/september/08-september/mrf-announced-west-ham-uniteds-first-ever-shirt-sleeve|title=MRF announced as West Ham United's first ever shirt sleeve sponsor|website=West Halm Football Club|language=EN|access-date=2018-03-29}}</ref> and official tyre partner for [[West Bromwich Albion]].

==Awards and recognition==
MRF won the JD Power Award for the record 11th time in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/MRF-gets-JD-Power-award-for-10th-time/articleshow/24935923.cms|title=MRF gets JD Power award for 10th time|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> The company has won several awards and accolades including the All India Rubber Industries Association's (AIRIA) award for 'Highest Export Awards (Auto Tyre Sector)', 'Top Export Award' from Chemicals & Allied Products Export Promotion Council (CAPEXIL) for 2009–10. In 2014, MRF was ranked 48th among India's most trusted brands according to the Brand Trust Report, a study conducted by Trust Research Advisory.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trustadvisory.info/allindia_2014.html |title=India's Most Trusted Brands |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502221904/http://www.trustadvisory.info/allindia_2014.html |archive-date=2 May 2015 }}</ref>

== Anti competition practices ==
In April 2022, the [[Competition Commission of India]] raided the headquarters of MRF along with other tyre companies like [[Apollo Tyres]], [[CEAT (company)|CEAT]] and [[Continental AG|Continental Tyre]] at multiple locations. Earlier in February the anti trust watch dog had released a statement about fining these tyre companies a total of Rs 1788 crores (of which MRF fined Rs 622.09 cr.) for sharing price sensitive information among themselves to manage their cartelization of tyre prices for supplies to the public transport corporation of Haryana state. Earlier the All India Tyre Dealers Federation had complained to the Ministry of corporate affairs about this cartelization of these companies to increase the tyre prices. The ministry had then referred the case to the CCI.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-03 |title=CCI Conducts Raids On Tyre Companies |url=https://www.cartoq.com/cci-conducts-raids-on-tyre-companies/ |access-date=2022-04-04 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[CEAT (company)]]
* [[Apollo Tyres]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{Official website|https://www.mrftyres.com}}

{{Sports equipment brands}}
{{Nifty 200 companies}}

[[Category:Companies based in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Chennai]]
[[Category:Cricket equipment manufacturers]]
[[Category:Tyre manufacturers of India]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1946]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1946]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1960]]

National Democratic Front of Boroland

2026-03-24T18:03:17Z

JovitaMcClinton: quick adjust structure for clarity additionally and added references after review

{{Short description|Armed separatist outfit of India}}
{{About|the faction which upholds sovereign existence of [[Bodoland Territorial Region|Bodoland]]|Ranjan Daimary faction|National Democratic Front of Boroland (D.R. Nabla faction)|Progressive faction|National Democratic Front of Boroland - Progressive}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox war faction
| name = National Democratic Front of Boroland
| war = [[Insurgency in Northeast India]]
| image = Front Nacional Democratic Bodoland.svg
| caption = National flag of Boroland used by NDFB
| active = 3 October 1986–2020<ref name=timesofindia>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/after-34-yrs-of-armed-struggle-ndfb-finally-disbands-itself/articleshow/74568295.cms|title=After 34 yrs of armed struggle, NDFB finally disbands itself | India News - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=11 March 2020 }}</ref>
| ideology = [[Ethnic nationalism|Boro nationalism]] [[Marxism]] [[Democratic socialism]] [[Revolutionary socialism]]
| clans = National Council (Political Wing), Boroland Army (Armed Wing)
| leaders = B. Saoraigwra
| headquarters = [[Myanmar]]
| area = [[Assam]], [[India]]
| predecessor = Bodo Security Force
| split_to = [[National Democratic Front of Boroland (D.R. Nabla faction)|NDFB – D.R. Nabla Faction]], [[National Democratic Front of Boroland - Progressive|NDFB – Progressive Faction]],
| opponents = [[Government of India]] [[Government of Assam]] [[al-Qaeda in the Indian subcontinent]]
| battles = [[Insurgency in Northeast India]]
| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol_label =
| status =
| motives = Establishment of a sovereign [[Bodoland Territorial Region|Boroland]]
| allegiance = [[United Liberation Front of Western South East Asia]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/bodo-insurgent-group-ndfbs-joins-hands-with-unlfw/articleshow/47757780.cms|title = Bodo insurgent group NDFB(S) joins hands with UNLFW|newspaper = The Economic Times}}</ref>
| founder = [[Ranjan Daimary]] aka D.R. Nabla
| leader_title = President
| leader1_title = Vice-President cum Army Chief
| leader1_name = G. Bidai<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1160108/jsp/northeast/story_62699.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103141411/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160108/jsp/northeast/story_62699.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 November 2016|title=Catch me if you can: Bidai|access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref>
| leader2_title = General Secretary
| leader2_name = B.R. Ferrenga
| designated_as_terror_group_by = {{Flag|India}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mha.nic.in/BO |title=Banned Organisations | |access-date=3 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101163635/http://www.mha.nic.in/BO |archive-date=1 January 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| split =
}}
The '''National Democratic Front of Boroland''' ('''NDFB''') was an armed separatist outfit which sought to obtain a sovereign [[Bodoland Territorial Region|Boroland]] for the [[Bodo people]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.time8.in/ndfbs-eyes-bodoland-sovereignty/|title=NDFB (S) eyes Bodoland sovereignty|date=14 September 2017|access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref> It is designated as a [[List of organisations banned by the Government of India|terrorist organisation]] by the Government of India.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mha.gov.in/related-links/banned-organizations | title = Banned Organisations | publisher = [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]], Government of India | access-date = 22 September 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181116060822/https://mha.gov.in/related-links/banned-organizations | archive-date = 16 November 2018 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

NDFB traces its origin to Bodo Security Force, a militant group formed in 1986. The current name was adopted in 1994, after the group rejected Bodo Accord signed between the Government of India and ABSU-[[Bodo Peoples' Action Committee|BPAC]]. The group has carried out several attacks in [[Assam]], targeting non-Bodo civilians as well as the security forces. In particular, it has targeted [[Santhal people|Santhal]], [[Munda people|Munda]] and [[Kurukh people|Oraon]] [[Adivasi]]s (tribals), whose ancestors had been brought to Assam as [[tea-tribes|tea labourers]] during the [[British Raj]]. Its involvement in attacks on Adivasis during Bodo-Adivasi ethnic clash during the 1996 [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] elections led to the formation of [[Adivasi Cobra Force]], a rival militant group. After 1996, NDFB was also involved in conflicts with the militant group [[Bodo Liberation Tigers Force]] (which surrendered in 2003). Since 2000, NDFB has increasingly targeted [[Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]] migrants in what it claims to be the Boro territory.

During the 1990s, NDFB established 12 camps on the [[Bhutan]]-Assam border. After suffering major reverses during [[Royal Bhutan Army]]'s [[Operation All Clear]], NDFB signed a [[ceasefire]] with the Indian authorities in May 2005.

This was followed by a split in the group: NDFB (P), the progressive faction supported peace talks with the government, while the faction led by Nabla opposed the talks. In 2012, following the arrest of their chairman, the NDFB Nabla faction split further, leading to the formation of a new faction led by a non-Bodo [[I. K. Songbijit]] as an interim president of the interim council. This faction continued to indulge in militancy, and has been blamed by the government for the [[May 2014 Assam violence|May]] and [[December 2014 Assam violence|December]] 2014 attacks.

The general assembly of the outfit held on 14 and 15 April 2015 vowed to revamp their national struggle and declared that the former interim national council of NDFB led by Songbijit is dissolved and a new national council was formed to fight for the liberation of sovereign, independent Boroland.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/NDFB-S-forms-new-council/articleshow/47841953.cms|title=NDFB-S forms new council|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 June 2015 |access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref>

The NDFB signed a peace treaty with the government in 2020 and disbanded itself.<ref name=timesofindia>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/after-34-yrs-of-armed-struggle-ndfb-finally-disbands-itself/articleshow/74568295.cms|title=After 34 yrs of armed struggle, NDFB finally disbands itself | India News - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=11 March 2020 }}</ref>

== Objectives ==

The main grievances of the group are the under-development in the region and the influx of immigrants. It aims to address these issues by seceding from India, and establishing a sovereign [[Bodoland Territorial Region|Boroland]].<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book | author=Andrew T. .H. Tan | title=Politics of Terrorism: A Survey | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qXerAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA190 | date=18 October 2010 | publisher=Routledge | isbn=978-1-136-83336-6 | page=190 }}</ref> The NDFB constitution, adopted on 10 March 1998, lists its objectives as the following:
* Liberate Boroland from the Indian expansionism and occupation;
* Free the Boro nation from the colonialist exploitation, oppression and domination;
* Establish a Democratic Socialist Society to promote Liberty, Equality and Fraternity; and
* Uphold the integrity and sovereignty of Boroland.

The promotion of the [[Roman script]] for the [[Bodo language]] is also a significant objective of NDFB, who is against the use of [[Devanagari]] script for the language.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/assam/terrorist_outfits/ndfb.htm|title=National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB)- Terrorist Group of Assam|website=satp.org|access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref>

== History ==

The [[Bodo people|Bodo]]s are an ethno-linguistic community native to the [[Brahmaputra Valley]] in Assam state of India. In the mid-1980s, Bodo politicians, alleging discrimination against Bodos in Assam, intensified their campaign for the creation of Bodo-majority [[Bodoland Territorial Region|Bodoland]]. While majority of the Bodos envisaged Bodoland as an autonomous territory or state within India, a small section demanded complete sovereignty. NDFB was formed by secessionist Bodos on 3 October 1986 as the '''Bodo Security Force''' (BdSF), under the leadership of [[Ranjan Daimary]], in Odla Khasibari village (near [[Udalguri]]). BdSF carried out several violent attacks against non-Bodo civilians. On 12 December 1992, it attacked the 7th Assam Police Battalion headquarters at Choraikhola in Kokrajahar district, and decamped with 160 self-loading rifles (SLR) and 5 light machine guns (LMG).<ref name="Rammohan2005">{{cite book | author=E. N. Rammohan | title=Simply Khaki | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZbaAAAAMAAJ | year = 2005 | publisher=Indialog Publications | isbn=978-81-87981-78-7 | page = 181 }}</ref>

The Bodoland movement was mainly led by the political organisations [[All Bodo Students Union]] (ABSU) and [[Bodo Peoples' Action Committee]] (BPAC). In 1993, these two groups signed the Bodo Accord with Indian government, agreeing to the formation of Bodoland Autonomous Council within Assam. BdSF opposed this Accord.<ref name="BarryJudith2008">{{cite book | author1=Barry M. Rubin | author2=Judith Colp Rubin | title=Chronologies of Modern Terrorism | url=https://archive.org/details/chronologiesofmo0000rubi | url-access=registration | year=2008 | publisher=M.E. Sharpe | isbn=978-0-7656-2206-8 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/chronologiesofmo0000rubi/page/151 151]–169}}</ref> Shortly after the Accord, the Assam State Government refused to hand over 2,750 villages to the proposed Council, arguing that Bodos formed less than 50% of the population in these villages.<ref name="Subir2009"/> Following this, the BdSF was renamed to National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB) on 25 November 1994.<ref name="SATP_profile">{{cite web | url = http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/assam/terrorist_outfits/Ndfb.htm | title = National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB) | date = 3 May 2014 | publisher = SATP }}</ref> The NDFB then launched an [[ethnic cleansing]] campaign, attacking non-Bodo communities in these villages. During the 1996 [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] elections, it killed hundreds of [[Santhal people|Santhal]], [[Munda people|Munda]] and [[Kurukh people|Oraon]] [[adivasi]]s (tribals), whose ancestors had been brought to Assam as [[tea-tribes|tea labourers]] during [[British Raj]] (1858 - 1947). In response, the tribals formed [[Adivasi Cobra Force]], their own militant group.<ref name="Subir2009">{{cite book |author=Subir Bhaumik |title=Troubled Periphery: The Crisis of India's North East |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h9KGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA125 |date=10 December 2009 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-81-321-0479-7 |pages=125–130}}</ref>

In the mid-1990s, NDFB also faced a rival within the Bodo community, in form of [[Bodo Liberation Tigers Force]] (BLTF). The BLTF had evolved from an older militant group called the Bodo Volunteer Force. It considered NDFB's secessionist agenda unrealistic and unattainable, and focused on establishment of an autonomous Bodo territory within India. After 1996, the two groups clashed violently for supremacy. BLTF allied with Bengali Tiger Force to protect Bengalis from NDFB attacks, and also supported Indian security forces against NDFB.<ref name="Subir2009"/> The conflicts between Christian-dominated NDFB and Hindu-dominated BLTF polarised the Bodoland movement along religious lines.<ref name="Chadha2005">{{cite book | author=Vivek Chadha | title=Low Intensity Conflicts in India: An Analysis | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ApzUuLiO0jYC&pg=PA268 | date=23 March 2005 | publisher=SAGE Publications | isbn=978-0-7619-3325-0 | pages=268–}}</ref> In 2003, BLTF surrendered en masse in return for the establishment of the [[Bodoland Territorial Council]].<ref name="Tom2012">{{cite book | author=Tom Lansford | title=Political Handbook of the World 2012 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d33MfEFXvW8C&pg=PA643 | year=2012 | publisher=CQ Press | isbn=978-1-60871-995-2 | page=643 }}</ref>

NDFB had established 12 camps on the [[Bhutan]]-Assam border. During 2003–2004, the [[Royal Bhutan Army]] destroyed these camps as part of its [[Operation All Clear]].<ref name="Subir2009"/> NDFB chief Ranjan Daimary was offered amnesty by the Assam Chief Minister [[Tarun Gogoi]] in December 2003, but rejected the offer. On 8 October 2004, the NDFB announced a six-month-long unilateral [[ceasefire]], that came into effect on 15 October. However, the Government continued its operations against the group. On 15 April 2005, NDFB extended the ceasefire. The Government released its general secretary Govinda Basumatary to open a channel of communication with the organisation's [[Bangladesh]]-based leadership. This resulted in a ceasefire agreement between NDFB and the Government on 25 May 2005. The agreement stated that the NDFB agree to cease hostile action against security forces and civilians. In return, the security forces would not carry out operations against the group's members. The agreement also stipulated that NDFB members would disarm and live in camps protected by the military for a year, and would refrain from assisting other militant groups.<ref name=jane>{{Cite book |last=Jane's Information Group |title=Jane's World Insurgency and Terrorism |url=http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jwit/jwit0556.html |isbn=978-0-7106-2284-6 |date=28 March 2008 |publisher=Jane's Information Group}}</ref> The pact came into force on 1 June 2005. However, certain factions of NDFB continued militancy. In May 2006, five members of the security forces were abducted and killed by suspected NDFB members in Assam's [[Udalguri district]]. The group also continued to clash with cadres of the ex-BLTF (Bodo Liberation Tiger Force). On 5 June 2006, two former BLTF cadres were killed by NDFB militants in the [[Karbi Anglong district]], and one former member of the disbanded group was lynched by suspected NDFB militants in [[Golaghat district]] on 3 June 2007.<ref name=jane/>

In 2008, the group split into two after Ranjan Daimary's name appeared in the [[2008 Assam bombings]] case. NDFB (P), the pro-talks factions led by B Sungthagra supported peace talks with the governments. NDFB (R), led by Daimary, refused to give up militancy.<ref name="ToI_BSF_2010">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Bangladesh-hands-over-NDFB-chief-Ranjan-Daimary-to-BSF/articleshow/5879908.cms |title=Bangladesh hands over NDFB chief Ranjan Daimary to BSF |newspaper=The Times of India |date=1 May 2010 }}</ref> In December 2008, the NDFB (P) indicated its plans to indirectly or directly participate the [[Lok Sabha]] elections.<ref name="SATP_profile"/> In 2012, I. K. Songbijit, the chief of the NDFB (R) faction's "Boroland Army", announced the formation of a nine-member "interim national council", resulting in a split.<ref name="SATP_profile"/> NDFB (S), the faction led by Songbijit, is now the most dreaded faction.<ref name="IE_Karbi_2014">{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/karbi-by-birth-now-the-most-dreaded-bodo-militant/ |title=Karbi by birth, Songbijit is most dreaded Bodo militant, carries Rs 10 lakh on his head |newspaper=The Indian Express |author=Samudra Gupta Kashyap |date=26 December 2014 }}</ref> [[Amit Shah]] signed a historic peace treaty with factions on NDFB in February 2020.

==Splits==
After Bhutan army's [[Operation All Clear]] in 2003 the then united NDFB decided to go for a ceasefire and talks to resolve the political issue in 2004. The proposal was submitted in 2008 and there was a meeting of the joint military council in Manipur. The secretary in the ministry of development of the northeast region, Naveen Verma, told the general secretary of the outfit that they must amend their proposition instead of negotiation at table or in other words they were forced to revise it, amend it and write a new memorandum.

There would have been no talks and extension of ceasefire unless the proposition was revised and amended which was submitted by the faction now known as [[National Democratic Front of Boroland - Progressive]]; the faction led by Ranjan Daimary who rejected it was then known as the Anti-Talks Faction, which further split into two factions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fountainink.in/?p=8487|title=Fountain Ink Magazine|website=fountainink.in|access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref>

== Leaders ==

=== National Council members ===

* '''President''' : B. Saoraigwra<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofassam.com/headlines/its-official-i-k-songbijit-is-no-more-ndfb-member/|title=It's official – I K Songbijit is no more NDFB member|date=26 June 2015|access-date=16 March 2018|archive-date=30 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930175708/https://www.timesofassam.com/headlines/its-official-i-k-songbijit-is-no-more-ndfb-member/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''Vice-president''' : G. Bidai
* '''General Secretary''' : B.R. Ferrenga

==Equipment==

===Weapons===
{{expand section|date=November 2017}}
NDFB have a sizeable number of sophisticated weapons including AK-series rifles. Since they have camps in Myanmar across Arunachal Pradesh, they have easy access to the latest weapons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/karbi-by-birth-now-the-most-dreaded-bodo-militant/|title=Karbi by birth, Songbijit is most dreaded Bodo militant, carries Rs 10 lakh on his head|date=26 December 2014|access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref>

== Activities ==

NDFB has carried out bombings, kidnappings and murders in Assam.<ref name="Andrew2010"/> Due to armed conflict between NDFB and [[Adivasi Cobra Force]], the NDFB have attacked Adivasi many times. The Assam Government has accused it of launching an [[ethnic cleansing]] campaign against the [[Adivasi|Oriya Adivasi]]s and Bengali Muslim settlers in the region.<ref name="Subir2009"/><ref name="Outlook_Power_2008">{{cite journal | author=Wasbir Hussain | author-link=Wasbir Hussain | journal = Outlook | title=Power Cuts for the People | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PDEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16 | page = 16 | date=20 October 2008 }}</ref>

The group primarily operates in the region to the north and north-west of the [[Brahmaputra river]]. It is active in the [[Bongaigaon district|Bongaigoan]], [[Kokrajhar district|Kokrajhar]], [[Darrang district|Darrang]], [[Barpeta district|Barpeta]], [[Dhubri district|Barpeta]], [[Nalbari district|Nalbari]] and [[Sonitpur district|Sonitpur]] districts of [[Assam]]. It has also been active in the [[Garo Hills]] region of [[Meghalaya]].<ref name="SATP_profile"/> It has used the neighbouring [[Bhutan]] as a refuge, crossing the border in the [[Manas National Park]] area. In December 2003, the [[Royal Bhutan Army]] initiated a crackdown on the group's activities in Bhutan.<ref name="Joginder2010">{{cite book | author=Joginder Singh | title=India, Democracy and Disappointments | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGmpz0IrNVIC&pg=PA224 | year=2010 | publisher=Gyan Publishing House | isbn=978-81-212-1040-9 | page=224 }}</ref>

Between 1992 and 2001, the violence involving NDFB resulted in the deaths of 167 security forces personnel and over 1200 civilians:<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/assam/data_sheets/ndfb/casualties.htm | title = Casualties in Violence by National Democratic Front of Bodoland in Assam | access-date = 3 May 2014 | publisher = SATP }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Civilians killed by NDFB
! Security Forces Personnel killed by NDFB
! NDFB militants killed by the Security Forces
|-
| 1992
| 37
| 10
| 1
|-
| 1993
| 25
| 6
| 6
|-
| 1994
| 108
| 22
| 6
|-
| 1995
| 132
| 16
| 7
|-
| 1996
| 176
| 25
| 15
|-
| 1997
| 137
| 25
| 31
|-
| 1998
| 305
| 22
| 37
|-
| 1999
| 113
| 14
| 50
|-
| 2000
| 95
| 20
| 109
|-
| 2001
| 134
| 7
| 113
|}

=== Attacks attributed to NDFB ===

The attacks attributed to the NDFB include (SATP<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/assam/terrorist_outfits/NDFB_tl.htm | title = Incidents and Statements involving NDFB: 1998–2012 | access-date = 3 May 2014 | publisher = South Asia Terrorism Portal }}</ref>). Some incident don't have evidence but NDFB is believed to be involved.

{| class="wikitable"
! Date
! Place
! Incident
! Reference
|-
| 1 May 1998
| Anjora
| NDFB militants kill 5 [[Adivasi]]s (tribals)
|<ref name="BarryJudith2008"/>
|-
| 2 May 1998
| Deoshree, Kokrajhar district
| NDFB militants drag 4 Adivasis out of a bus, kill one of them and torture the other 3
| SATP
|-
| 3 May 1998
| near Bishmuri point on [[National Highway 31 (India)|NH-31]], Kokrajhar district
| NDFB militants drag Adivasis out of a bus, and kill 98 of them; four others injured
| SATP
|-
| 9 May 1998
| Borbil, near [[Gosaigaon]]
| NDFB militants kill 16 [[Santhal people|Santhals]] Adivasis, including 10 women and two children; 12 others injured
|
|-
| 17 June 1998
| Kokrajhar district
| NDFB militants kill four Adivasis
| SATP
|-
| 15 September 1998
| [[Gossaigaon]] subdivision, [[Kokrajhar district]]
| NDFB militants kill 14 [[Santhal people|Santhals]]
| SATP
|-
| 31 July 2000
| Soonmari
| NDFB militants blow up two bogies of a [[Rangiya|Rangia]]-bound passenger train, killing 14 passengers
| SATP
|-
| 1 August 2000
| near [[Tezpur]]
| NDFB militants explode a bomb on a passenger train, killing 12 people
| SATP
|-
| 19 August 2000
| [[Guwahati]]
| NDFB kills [[Bineshwar Brahma]], branding him an agent of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]-led Central government. Brahma was opposed to the adoption of the Roman script for the Bodo language, which had invited the ire of NDFB.
|<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/jan/17assam.htm | title = Bodo group war to turn bloodier | author = Nitin Gogoi | work = [[Rediff.com]] | date = 17 January 2001 }}</ref>
|-
| 21 August 2000
| [[Dhubri]]
| NDFB militants kill 5 Muslim civilians
| SATP
|-
| 21 August 2000
| Garagaon
| NDFB militants kill the Bodo MLA Mohini Basumatary of the People's Democratic Front
|<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.hindu.com/2000/08/22/stories/0122000c.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140503170118/http://www.hindu.com/2000/08/22/stories/0122000c.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 3 May 2014 | title = Assam MLA shot dead | author = Barun Das Gupta | newspaper = [[The Hindu]] | date = 22 August 2000 }}</ref>
|-
| 8 November 2000
| [[Barpeta district]]
| Suspected NDFB militants kill 8 civilians, including 7 non-Assamese people
|<ref name="BarryJudith2008"/>
|-
| 26 November 2000
| Lung Sung forest reserve
| NDFB kills 8 woodcutters who refused to obey their order to stop logging in Bodo areas
| SATP
|-
| 3 January 2001
| Assam
| NDFB militants kill woodcutters
|<ref name="BarryJudith2008"/>
|-
| 31 July 2001
| Soonmari
| NDFB militants detonate a bomb on a [[Rangiya]]-bound passenger train, killing 14
|<ref name="BarryJudith2008"/>
|-
| 1 August 2001
| near [[Rangiya|Rangia]]
| NDFB militants detonate a bomb on the [[Arunachal Express]] between Rangia and Goreswar stations, killing 12 and injuring 8. Two NDFB militants suspected to be involved in the blast were killed in a [[encounter killings by police|police encounter]] near Goreswar.
|<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000802/main4.htm | title = 12 killed in Assam train blast | date = 2 August 2001 | newspaper = The Tribune | location = Chandigarh }}</ref>
|-
| 25 September 2001
| Baghmari, Bongaigaon district
| NDFB bomb blast derails the [[North East Express]], injuring 100 people
| SATP
|-
| 25 October 2001
| [[Gauripur, India|Gauripur]]
| NDFB militants detonate an explosive at a [[Hindu]] celebration, killing 3 and injuring 12
|<ref name="BarryJudith2008"/>
|-
| 7 December 2001
| Assam
| Opposed to logging in the region, NDFB militants kill 4 woodcutters in two separate incidents
|<ref name="BarryJudith2008"/>
|-
| 2 June 2002
| Bongshijhora village, [[Dhubri district]]
| NDFB militants kill 3 members of a family
|<ref name="BarryJudith2008"/>
|-
| 14 July 2002
| West Maligaon forest village relief camps, Kokrajhar district
| Suspected NDFB militants kill 9 Adivasis, injure 5 others
| SATP
|-
| 17 August 2002
| near Sarbhog, Barpeta district
| NDFB militants kill a school teacher
| SATP
|-
| 21 August 2002
| Maladhara, Goalpara district
| NDFB militants kill four police personnel and a civilian driver, injure 17 more
| SATP
|-
| 23 October 2002
| Deosankar Reserve Forest, [[Dhubri district]]
| NDFB militants fire on a group of two woodcutters, killing two
|
|-
| 27 October 2002
| Datgiri village, Kokrahjar district
| NDFB militants kill 22 civilians
| SATP
|-
| 26 April 2003
| Taijouguri village, Kokrajhar district
| Suspected NDFB militants kill 4 members (including two children) of the family of a former colleague
| SATP
|-
| 14 July 2003
| [[Kokrajhar district]]
| NDFB militants kill 3 people in separate incidents
|<ref name="BarryJudith2008"/>
|-
| 18 July 2003
| Dwimguri village, Kokrajhar district
| NDFB militants kill 4 persons they suspect to be government informers
| SATP
|-
| 24 November 2003
| Khanglabari, [[Darrang district]]
| NDFB militants kill 3 [[Bihar]]is, and injure 9 others
|<ref name="BarryJudith2008"/>
|-
| 2 October 2004
| Makrijhora, Dhubri district
| NDFB militants open indiscriminate firing at a busy market, killing 16 people and injuring 20 others
| SATP
|-
| 4 October 2004
| Gelapukhuri village, Sonitpur district
| NDFB militants kill six civilians, injure 7 others
| SATP
|-
| 5 October 2004
| Jalabila village, Dhubri district
| Suspected NDFB militants shoot dead 10 civilians, injure 7 others
| SATP
|-
| 1 December 2004
| Lutubari, West Garo Hills, Meghalaya
| NDFB militants kill 5 villagers and injure another
| SATP
|-
| 21 May 2007
| Udalguri district
| NDFB cadres abduct five security force personnel and a civilian. The civilian Babul Kalita was found dead on 22 May. The other five were found dead in the Belsiri Nala (West Kameng district, Arunachal Pradesh) on 29 May.
| SATP
|-
| 16 March 2008
| Dhaolabari Ashuline, near Kokrajhar
| NDFB militants shoot dead Bigrai Basumatary alias Belaibe, the secretary of the surrendered NDFB Welfare Association
| SATP
|-
| 30 October 2008
| Guwahati and neighbouring areas
| [[2008 Assam bombings]]: NDFB cadres were suspected to have executed the attacks planned by ULFA and other groups.
| SATP
|-
| 30 June 2009
| Naharani Grant village, Sontipur district
| NDFB militants shoot dead four persons of a family: Munna Pal (30), his wife Subhapati Pal (35), his younger brother Tunna Pal (30) and his son Pankaj Pal (3)
| SATP
|-
| 4 October 2009
| Bhimajuli
| NDFB-ATF kills 12 people in [[Bhimajuli massacre]]
|<ref>{{cite news | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Army-deployed-at-Bhimajuli-as-massacre-toll-touches-12/articleshow/5091225.cms | title = Army deployed at Bhimajuli as massacre toll touches 12 | date = 5 October 2009 | newspaper = The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| 8 July 2010
| Gossaigaon, [[Kokrajhar district]]
| NDFB militants blast railway tracks, resulting in derailment of the Kolkata-bound [[Garib Rath]] Express. A six-year-old child Durlav Sethia was killed, and 23 others were injured. The NDFB stated that the attack was a revenge for the mistreatment of its arrested leader Ranjan Daimary and the killing of "innocent Bodo youths" by the security forces.
|<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100709/jsp/frontpage/story_12663210.jsp | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100712234145/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100709/jsp/frontpage/story_12663210.jsp | url-status = dead | archive-date = 12 July 2010 | title = NDFB blast on tracks kills boy: Outfit flashes muscle power – Anti-Talks faction derails Garib Rath | author = Preetam B. Choudhary | date = 8 July 2010 | newspaper = The Indian Express }}</ref>
|-
| 29 August 2010
| Gamani, near [[Bhalukpong]]
| NDFB militants kidnap two goods train drivers Nirmal Chandra Borgohain and Abhijit Siring Phukan, demand {{INR}} 10 million (10 million) as ransom
|<ref>{{cite news | url = http://zeenews.india.com/news/north-east/ndfb-demands-rs-1-cr-for-release-of-goods-train-drivers_651999.html | title = NDFB demands Rs 1 cr for release of goods train drivers | date = 31 August 2010 | publisher = Zee News }}</ref>
|-
| 8–9 November 2010
| Assam
| NDFB-ATF militants kill 22 people in separate attacks. On 8 November, the militants killed 19 people, including 13 Hindi speakers. Several others were injured, one of whom died the next day. The next day, they killed two Hindi-speaking Muslims in Ultapani, Kokrajhar district, and a cycle mechanic Paran Mandal in Chirang district. Earlier on 1 November, the NDFB had threatened to kill 20 or more people for every NDFB cadre killed by Security Forces.
| SATP<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11712441 At least 19 people dead in militant attacks in NE India]. BBC News. 8 November 2010.</ref>
|-
| 14 March 2011
| Between Bangladoba (Chirang district) and Ultapani (Kokrajhar district)
| The militants of the Ranjan Daimary-led faction ambush patrolling troop of [[Border Security Force|BSF]], killing 8 jawans.
|<ref>{{cite web | title = 8 BSF jawans killed by Bodo militants in Assam |publisher = CNN-IBN | url = http://ibnlive.in.com/news/8-bsf-jawans-killed-by-bodo-militants-in-assam/145952-3.html| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110316051154/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/8-bsf-jawans-killed-by-bodo-militants-in-assam/145952-3.html| url-status = dead| archive-date = 16 March 2011| date = 15 March 2011 }}</ref>
|-
| 13 August 2012
| Chirang district
| NDFB-RD militants shoot dead a Muslim labourer, and injure three others. The four victims were natives of West Bengal, and were returning from Bhutan.
| SATP
|-
| 13 November 2012
| Harishinga, Sonitpur district
| NDFB-RD militants kill a tea planter Adilur Rahman, and injure his bodyguard Motilal Tirkey
| SATP
|-
| 27 January 2014
| Mauriapur village, [[Sonitpur district]]
| NDFB-S militants ambush a police convoy, killing ASP Gulzar Hussain and injuring 5 other policemen. The police convoy was returning from a night-long operation against the group.
| SATP
|-
| May 2014
| Kokrajhar and Baksa districts
| [[May 2014 Assam violence]]: 32 Muslims were killed in a series of attacks. The government blamed NDFB-Songbijit faction for the attacks. The NDFB denied any involvement in the killings, and stated that the government agencies were behind the attacks.
|<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.firstpost.com/india/assam-live-22-people-arrested-for-helping-militants-1506649.html | title = Assam live: 22 people arrested for helping militants | date = 3 May 2014 | author = Aaron Pereira | publisher = Firstpost }}</ref>
|-
| August 2014
| Chirang district
| A 16-year-old girl was dragged, beaten and shot at point blank range at least nine times in front of her parents
|<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/16-year-old-girl-dragged-out-of-home-shot-9-times-in-front-of-parents-582429|title=16-Year-Old Girl Dragged Out of Home, Shot 9 Times in Front of Parents |publisher=NDTV |date=27 August 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| December 2014
| Sontipur and Kokrajhar districts
| [[December 2014 Assam violence]]: NDFB militants killed over 65 Adivasis. According to police, this was in response to the intensified operation by the security forces.
|<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/assam-violence-death-toll-in-bodo-militant-attack-in-state-rises-to-64/article1-1299916.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224085926/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/assam-violence-death-toll-in-bodo-militant-attack-in-state-rises-to-64/article1-1299916.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 December 2014 |title=Assam violence: Over 81 killed in Bodo attacks, at least 250 missing |date=24 December 2014 |newspaper=Hindustan Times }}</ref>
|-
|5 August 2016
|Assam
|[[2016 Kokrajhar shooting]]: A group of militants opened fire at a market in Balajan Tiniali, near the town of [[Kokrajhar]] in Assam, India. Fourteen people were killed and sixteen were injured as a result of the attack. NDFB (S) is believed to be involved in this case.
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/05/asia/attackers-kill-12-at-indian-market/index.html|title=Attackers kill 14 at Indian market|first=Omar |last=Khan|publisher=CNN|access-date=21 February 2018}}</ref>
|}

== Disbanding ==
NDFB disbanded itself at two locations in accordance with a clause in Memorandum of Settlement (MoS) signed by the four factions and the other stakeholders with the Indian Government on 27 January 2020. While disbanding, the NDFB (P) leader Gobinda Basumatry said "''To find a solution to political, economic, social and cultural issues of Bodo people, the Bodo Security Force was formed in 1986. It was renamed as NDFB in 1994. Our fight has finally come to an end after 34 years of armed struggle within and outside the country... from Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Bhutan. We believe that the NDFB movement has been a successful one and so we are disbanding the group.''"<ref name=timesofindia/>

==See also==
* [[Insurgency in Northeast India]]
* [[List of terrorist organisations in India]]
* [[ULFA]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{India separatist movements}}
{{Terror outfits}}

[[Category:1994 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Separatism in India]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Bhutan–India relations]]
[[Category:Bodo nationalism]]
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by India]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist]]
[[Category:Secessionist organizations in Asia]]
[[Category:Insurgency in Northeast India]]
[[Category:Left-wing militant groups in India]]
[[Category:Terrorism in Assam]]
[[Category:Ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar]]
[[Category:Political parties of minorities in India]]

Krittivasi Ramayan

2026-03-23T16:14:28Z

JovitaMcClinton: correct intro for accuracy also and added references based on references

{{short description|15th century rendition of Ramayana}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Krittivasi Ramayan
| title_orig = কৃত্তিবাসী রামায়ণ
| orig_lang_code = bn
| author = Krittibas Ojha
| language = Bengali
| country = Bengal, India
| genre = Mythology, Religious
| image =
| caption =
| publisher = Various
| pub_date = 15th century
| pages =
| isbn =
}}
'''''Kṛttivāsī Rāmāyaṇ''''',;{{efn|{{langx|bn|কৃত্তিবাসী রামায়ণ|Kr̥ttibasī Ramaẏôṇô}}, {{IPA|bn|ˈkrittibaʃi ˈramajɔn|IPA}}.}} also called '''''Śrīrām Pãcālī''''',{{efn|{{langx|bn|শ্রীরাম পাঁচালী|Śrīramô Pā̃calī}}, {{IPA|bn|ˈʃriram ˈpãtʃali|IPA}}.}} composed by the fourteenth-century [[Bengali people|Bengali]] poet [[Krittibas Ojha]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.301845/page/n511/mode/1up|title=''Bangla Sahityer Itibritta''|last=Bandopadhyay|first=Asit Kumar|pages=493–494|language=Bengali|access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="Sukumar Sen 1960 pp. 67">Sukumar Sen, ''[[iarchive:historyofbengali01sens|History of Bengali Literature]]'' (New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1960), pp. 67–69.</ref> from whom it takes its name, is a rendition of the ''[[Ramayana|Rāmāyaṇa]]'' into [[Bengali language|Bengali]]. Written in the traditional ''Rāmāyaṇa Pā̃cālī'' form of [[Middle Bengali literature]], the ''Kṛttivāsī Rāmāyaṇ'' is not just a rewording of the original [[Indian epic]], but also a vivid reflection of the society and culture of [[Bengal]] across the period of its circulation, from the [[Global Middle Ages|Middle Ages]] into the modern period.<ref name=":2">Tapati Mukherjee, 'From Vālmikī to KRttivāsa; A Journey from Elitist to Popular Literature', in ''Critical Perspectives on the Rāmāyaṇa'', ed. by Jaydipsinh Dodiya (New Delhi: Sarup & Sons, 2001), pp. 45-51; {{ISBN|9788176252447}}.</ref> It was characterised by [[Dinesh Chandra Sen]] in 1911 as 'by far the most popular book in Bengal' and 'the Bible of the people of the Gangetic Valley'.<ref>Dinesh Chandra Sen, ''[https://archive.org/details/historyofbengali00sendrich The History of the Bengali Language and Literature: A Series of Lectures Delivered as Reader to the Calcutta]'' (Calcutta: Calcutta University Press, 1911), p. 170.</ref>

==Manuscripts and origins==
[[File:Akalbodhan Venus Club 2010 Arnab Dutta.JPG|thumb|Rama worshipping Durga, as part of the [[Durga Puja]] setup.]]
The ''Krittivas Ramayan'' appears to be a translation into Bengali from one or another recension of the Sanskrit text known as ''[[Valmiki's Ramayana]]''.<ref name=":1" /> If the popular association of the ''Krittivas Ramayan'' with Krittibas Ojha and the available biographical information about him is correct, the ''Krittibas Ramayan'' was composed in the fifteenth century CE.<ref name="Sukumar Sen 1960 pp. 67"/><ref name=":1" />{{rp|168}} But it is far from clear how similar any version of the text known today is to what this figure might have composed in the fifteenth century; the text underwent various changes at the hands of various ''puthi'' scribes, who tended to add more material to the text,<ref name=":0">Ruth Vanita, ''Love's Rite: Same-Sex Marriage in India and the West'' (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005).</ref>{{rp|146}} and nineteenth-century pandits were also influential in determining the content of the printed editions that predominate today.<ref name=":1" />{{rp|168}} Over 1500 manuscripts of the poem are extant, but most date to the last quarter of the eighteenth century or later, and they are enormously varied (with some variations reflecting regional transmission within Bengal); even the earliest manuscript fragments are at least two centuries later than the putative author's estimated period.<ref name=":1">Philippe Benoît, '[https://www.gerflint.fr/Base/Inde2/philippe.pdf Kṛttibās ou comment populariser le Rāmāyaṇa au Bengale]', ''Synergies Inde'', 2 (2007), 167-84.</ref>{{rp|168}} Some attempts have been made to produce scholarly editions, but, in the view of Philippe Benoît, 'sans résultat probant' ('without convincing results'); in these circumstances, he concludes 'il est impossible de se faire une idée du texte original de Krittibâs' ('it is impossible to formulate an impression of the original text of Krittibas').<ref name=":1" />{{rp|168}}

Extant manuscripts are presently stored in [[West Bengal]] universities such as the [[University of Calcutta]], [[Visva-Bharati University]], [[Rabindra Bharati University]], [[Jadavpur University]], [[University of Burdwan]], and the [[University of North Bengal]]. There are also puntis preserved in the [[Silchar]] Normal School Library, [[Assam]]; [[Jahangirnagar University]] and the [[University of Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]; the [[British Library]] and the [[School of Oriental and African Studies]] in the [[United Kingdom]]; and the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]].

==Content==
[[File: Popular print, album (BM 2003,1022,0.35 1).jpg|thumb|Lithograph printed in 1895 at Calcutta depicting [[Rama]] enthroned with [[Sita]] to his left, surrounded by [[Vasistha]], [[Lakshmana]](with bow), [[Bharata (Ramayana)|Bharata]](green), [[Shatrughna]](with fan) & [[Vibhishana]](blue) while [[Hanuman]](left) & [[Jambavan]](right) are kneeling before him in reverence. Contrary to the popular depiction of Rama with blue skin similar to [[Vishnu]], Krritivasa described Rama's complexion to be 'as green as fresh grass'.]]
Like its model, Valmiki's ''Ramayana'', the work is divided into seven books, in this case ''Adikando'', ''Ajodhyakando'', ''Aranya Kando'', ''Kishkindha Kando'', ''Sundor Kando'', ''Lankhakando'', and ''Uttorkando''.<ref>''[http://www.southasiaarchive.com/Content/sarf.144273/211088 Krittibasi Ramayan. Sachitra-Samagra-Saptakando-Jiban Sambalita]'' (Calcutta: Basumati Sahitya Mandir, 1926).</ref> It does not greatly alter the structure or overall plot of its source,<ref name=":1" /> though it does make localised alterations.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Mandakranta Bose, 'Reinventing the ''Rāmāyaṇa in Twentieth-Century Bengali Literature'', in ''[http://vedicilluminations.com/downloads/Academic%20General/Bose_Mandakranta_(editor)_-_The_Ramayana_Revisited.pdf The Ramayana Revisited] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630105639/https://vedicilluminations.com/downloads/Academic%20General/Bose_Mandakranta_(editor)_-_The_Ramayana_Revisited.pdf |date=2022-06-30 }}'', ed. by Mandakranta Bose (Oxford University Press, 2004), pp. 107-23 (p. 108); {{ISBN|9780195168327}}.</ref><ref>Edward C. Dimock, Jr. and others, ''[https://archive.org/details/literaturesofind0000unse The Literatures of India]'' (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974), pp. 72-80; {{ISBN|0226152332}}.</ref>

However, in the assessment of Philippe Benoît,<ref name=":1" />{{rp|167–68}}
<blockquote>It is especially through a vigorous reorientation of style of the narrative that Krittibâs distinguishes himself from the Valmikian model. Very elaborate in the details and descriptions, his narrative is animated by much faster and breath taking rhythm, by a systematic familiarization to the detriment of hieratic epic, all elements which transform the solemn Sanskrit epic into a narrative that is sung, lively and familiar. The changes of values and motivations that it shows are in particular harmony with the Valmikian narration and its themes. By over-dramatizing a lot, sometimes simplifying, by using a composite language, sometimes literary, sometimes popular, looking to satisfy the expectations of the public, to instruct through a relaxed and often amusing tone, Krittibâs has achieved an equilibrium: while avoiding vulgarity, he entertains and instructs, moves and amuses, in a manner that is accessible to the average Bengali. His Ramayana is not the sum total of strictly Brahminical culture, written for a literate public; it is no doubt still a medium of Brahminical culture, but Brahminism devoid of its solemnity, meant to inform with affability the perception of this culture by a public of simple people.</blockquote>

===Sample===

[[Ruth Vanita]] has called attention to the account in multiple versions of ''Krittivasi Ramayan'' of the birth of [[Bhagiratha]] to two women (widows of King [[Dilīpa]], who dies before he can himself beget the heir which has been divinely ordained to his line): a rare ancient portrayal of human lesbian reproduction.<ref>Ruth Vanita, '[http://www.jstor.org/stable/25002506 "Wedding of Two Souls": Same-Sex Marriage and Hindu Traditions]', ''Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion'', 20.2 (Fall, 2004), 119-35.</ref><ref>Ruth Vanita, 'Disability as Opportunity: Sage Ashtavakra Mentors Bhagiratha, the Disabled Child of Two Mothers', in ''Gandhi's Tiger and Sita's Smile: Essays on Gender, Sexuality and Culture'' (New Delhi: Yoda, 2005), pp. 236-50; {{ISBN|81-902272-5-4}}.</ref><ref>Ruth Vanita, 'Born of Two Vaginas: Love and Reproduction between Co-Wives in Some Medieval Indian Texts', ''GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies'', 11 (2005), 547–77, {{doi|10.1215/10642684-11-4-547}}.</ref><ref name=":0" />{{rp|146–60}}<ref>Ruth Vanita, 'Naming Love: The God Kama, the Goddess Ganga, and the Child of Two Women', in ''The Lesbian Premodern'', ed. by Noreen Giffney, Michelle M. Sauer, and Diane Watt (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), 119-30; {{ISBN|978-1-349-38018-3}} {{doi|10.1057/9780230117198}}.</ref> Notwithstanding the extensive variation in the different manuscripts and printed editions of the text, this representation of Bhagiratha's birth seems to be present in most of the ''Krittivasi Ramayan'' textual tradition.<ref>Mandakranta Bose, 'Reinventing the ''Rāmāyaṇa'' in Twentieth-Century Bengali Literature', in ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2Ar2Qfr-UeQC The Ramayana Revisited]'', ed. by Mandakranta Bose (Oxford University Press, 2004), pp. 107-23 (p. 108, which notes, however, the absence of the episode from the ''Rāmāyaṇa'', ed. by Harekrishna Mukhopadhyaya (Calcutta: Sahitya Samsad, 1957)); {{ISBN|9780195168327}}.</ref> The story appears in the ''Adi Kanda'', the first section of the poem, which recounts the ancestry of Rāmā:
<blockquote>Dilipa ruled like Indra, the king of the gods, but was sad as he did not have a son. Leaving behind his two wives in the city of Ayodhya, Dilipa went in search of the Ganga. He performed a severe penance for countless years, living on water and fasting, but he neither found the Ganga nor became free of his sorrow. King Dilipa died and went to Brahma's world. On his death the city of Ayodhya was kingless. In heaven, Brahma and Indra were worried: "We have heard that Vishnu will be born in the family of the sun. How will this be possible if the line comes to an end?"

All the gods consulted together and decided to send the three-eyed god, Shiva, to Ayodhya. Riding his bull, Shiva went to Dilipa's two queens and said to them: "By my blessings, one of you will have a son." Hearing Shiva's words, the two women said: "We are widows, how can we have a child?" Shankara replied: "You two have intercourse with one another. By my blessings one of you will have a lovely child." Having bestowed this boon, the god who destroys the three worlds went his way.

The two wives of Dilipa took a bath. They lived together in extreme love. After some days, one of them menstruated. Both of them knew one another's intentions and enjoyed love play, and one of them conceived.

Ten months passed, it was time for the birth. The child emerged as a lump of flesh. Both of them cried with the son in their lap: "Why did the three-eyed one bless us with such a son? He has no bones, he is a lump of flesh, he cannot move about. Seeing him, the whole world will laugh at us." Weeping, they put him in a basket and went to the bank of the river Sarayu to throw him into the water.

The sage Vashistha saw them and understood everything through his powers of meditation. He said: "Leave the child on the road. Someone will have compassion on him, seeing him helpless."

The two of them left their son on the road and went home. Just then the sage Ashtavakra came along for his bath. Bent at eight places, the sage walked with great difficulty. Seeing the child from a distance, Ashtavakra thought: "If you are mimicking me in order to make fun of me, may your body be destroyed by my curse. If, however, your body is naturally as it appears, may you, by my blessing, become like Madanmohan, the god of erotic love."

Ashtavakra was as powerful as Vishnu, so neither his curses nor his blessings failed to bear fruit. He was a sage endowed with great and miraculous powers. The prince stood up. Through his powers of meditation, the sage came to know that this son of Dilipa was an auspicious one, a great man.

The sage called the two queens, who took their son and returned home, delighted. The sage came too and performed all the sacred rituals. Because he was born of two vulvas (''bhagas'') he was named Bhagiratha. The great poet Krittivasa is a recognized scholar. In this Adi Kanda he sings of the birth of Bhagiratha.<ref>Kumkum Roy (trans.), <nowiki>'</nowiki>''Krittivasa Ramayana'': The Birth of Bhagiratha (Bengali)', in ''Same-Sex Love in India: Readings from Literature and History'', ed. by Ruth Vanita and Saleem Kidwai (New York: St. Martin’s, 2000) [repr. New Delhi: Macmillan, 2002], pp. 100-1; {{doi|10.1007/978-1-349-62183-5_12}} [trans. from Chandrodaya Vidyavinod Bhattacharyya (ed.), ''Sachitra Krittivasi Saptakanda Ramayana'' (Calcutta: Manoranjan Bandopadhyaya at Hitavadi Pustakalaya, 1914)].</ref></blockquote>

==Influence==

The ''Krittivasi Ramayan'' is thought to have been the single most popular single book in the whole of pre-modern Bengal, and remains in widespread circulation in the twenty-first century.<ref name=":0" />{{rp|144}} The eighteenth-century Bengali raja [[Krishnachandra Roy]] attempted to ban people from reading it in an attempt to promote the Sanskritisation of Bengali religion.<ref>Sandipan Sen, '[http://inet.vidyasagar.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2052/1/6.pdf Sanskritisation of Bengali, Plight of the Margin and the Forgotten Role of Tagore] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119060132/http://inet.vidyasagar.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2052/1/6.pdf |date=2024-01-19 }}', ''Journal of the Department of English, Vidyasagar University'', 11 (2013-14), 51-58 (p. 52).</ref> The epic of [[Krittivas]] has had a profound impact on the literature of Bengal and the North India, Bihar, Jharkhand And Odisha regions. [[Tulsidas]]—the sixteenth-century [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] ''Ramayana'' also called [[Ramcharitmanas]] deeply inspired from Krittivasi Ramayan . The story of [[Rama]] as depicted by Krittivas Ojha inspired many later-day poets, including [[Michael Madhusudan Dutt]] and [[Rabindranath Tagore]].

The text is noted for its exploration of the concept of [[Bhakti]], which would later contribute to the emergence of [[Vaishnavism]] in Gangetic Bengal and the surrounding regions.<ref>Philippe Benoît, '[https://research.unl.pt/ws/portalfiles/portal/5858196/RES_3_2012.pdf#page=176 Le ''Rāmāyaṇa'': du ''dharma'' à la ''bhakti'']', ''Res Antiquitatis: Journal of Ancient History'', 3 (2012), 175-99.</ref>

== Editions and translations ==
The ''[[editio princeps]]'' of the poem is Valmiki, [The Ramayana in Bengali], trans. by Krttibas, 5 vols (Serampore: Printed at the Mission Press, 1803). The version of the epic generally in circulation today was revised by [[Jaygopal Tarkalankar]] and was published in 1834. Later in the twentieth century, various editions were published based on the Jaygopal Tarkalankar version.
*Chandrodaya Vidyavinod Bhattacharyya (ed.), ''Sachitra Krittivasi Saptakanda Ramayana'' (Calcutta: Manoranjan Bandopadhyaya at Hitavadi Pustakalaya, 1914). A passage is translated by Kumkum Roy, '''Krittivasa Ramayana'': The Birth of Bhagiratha (Bengali)', in ''Same-Sex Love in India: Readings from Literature and History'', ed. by Ruth Vanita and Saleem Kidwai (New York: St. Martin’s, 2000) [repr. New Delhi: Macmillan, 2002], pp. 100-2; {{doi|10.1007/978-1-349-62183-5_12}}.
* Dinesh Chandra Sen, ''[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.10108 The Bengali Ramayanas]'' (Kolkata: University of Calcutta, 1920), pp. 171-83 (translates excerpts).
*''[http://www.southasiaarchive.com/Content/sarf.144273/211088 Krittibasi Ramayan. Sachitra-Samagra-Saptakando-Jiban Sambalita]'' (Calcutta: Basumati Sahitya Mandir, 1926).
* [[Nalinikanta Bhattasali]] (ed.), ''Ramayana-Adikanda'' (Dacca: P.C. Lahiri, Secretary, Oriental Texts Publication Committee, University of Dacca, 1936), the first of seven parts of a version of the ''Krittivasi Ramayan'' that differs from the most widely read version, based on a unique manuscript. A passage is translated by Anannya Dasgupta in Ruth Vanita, ''[[Love's Rite|Love's Rite: Same-Sex Marriage in India and the West]]'' (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), pp. 147-49 and in Ruth Vanita, 'Born of Two Vaginas: Love and Reproduction between Co-Wives in Some Medieval Indian Texts', ''GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies'', 11 (2005), 547–77 (pp. 553-55), {{doi|10.1215/10642684-11-4-547}}.
*Shudha Mazumdar (trans.), ''Ramayana'', foreword by Dr. S. Radhakrishnan (New Delhi: Orient Longman, 1958 [repr. 1974]), a 'loose translation'.<ref>Pika Ghosh, '[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20167499 The Story of a Storyteller's Scroll]', ''Anthropology and Aesthetics'', 37 (Spring, 2000), 166-85 (p. 171 fn. 8).</ref>
*Benimadhab Sil (ed.), ''[https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP781-1-6-29 Sacitra Krittibasi saptakanda Ramayana]'' (Calcutta: Akshaya Library, 1361 [Bengali Calendar]/1954). Illustrated Bengali version of ''Krittivasi Ramayan''.
*Nandkumar Avasthi (ed. and trans.), ''Krittivasa Ramayana'' (Lucknow: Bhuvan Vani, 1966), with Hindi translation.
*Bhattacharya, Asutosh (ed.), ''Krittibasi Ramayana'' (Calcutta: Akhil Bharat Janashiksha Prachar Samiti, 1970) (Bengali-language edition).
*''Rāmāyana of Krittibās'' (Calcutta: Akshay Library, 1987).
*Krittivasa Ojha, 'Ramayana', trans. by Ujjwal Majumdar, in ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and Selections. Volume 1]'', ed. by K. Ayyappa Paniker (New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1997), pp. 720–27 {{ISBN|8126003650}} (translates seven short passages).

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Phillipe Benoît, 'Rewriting Valmiki: Krittibasa Ramayana as a Hypertext', in ''Narrative Strategies: Essays on South Asian Literature and Film'', ed. by V. Dalmia and T. Damsteegt (Leiden: Research School CNWS, 1998), pp. 3–18.
*Tanimā Cakrabarttī, ''Kr̥ttibāsī Rāmāẏaṇa o Bāṃlāra lokaaitihya'' (Kalakātā: Ajita Kumāra, 2000; Cakrabarttī: Paribeśaka, Pustaka Bipaṇi, 2000): a study of the folk elements found in the Bengali Ramayana written by Kr̥ttibāsa.
*Tony K. Stewart and Edward C. Dimock, 'Krttibasa's Apophatic Critique of Rama's Kingship', in ''Questioning Ramayanas: A South Asian Tradition'', ed. Paula Richman (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2001), pp. 243–64.

==External links==
* [http://www.milansagar.com/kobi-krittibasojha.html Biography of Krittibas Ojha in Bengali ]
* {{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Wakil |year=2012 |chapter=Krittivas Ojha |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Krittivas_Ojha |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}

{{Ramayana}}{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Works based on the Ramayana]]
[[Category:Bengali-language literature]]

Parrisu

2026-03-22T03:00:44Z

JovitaMcClinton: new a article - done

{{Short description|Indian Tamil-language drama film}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{No plot|date=November 2025}}
{{orphan|date=January 2026}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Parrisu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Kala Alluri
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| producer = Kala Alluri
| starring = Jaanvekaa Subramaniam Kiran Pradeep Jai Bala
| cinematography = Sankar Selvaraj
| editing = Prem Ram Gopi
| music = Rajeesh K
| studio = Sri Kala Creationss
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2025|11|7|df=yes}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Parrisu''''' ({{Translation|Gift}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by Kala Alluri and produced by Kala Alluri.The film stars Jaanvekaa Subramaniam, Kiran Pradeep and Jai Bala in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-16 |title=ராணுவப் பின்னணியில் உருவாகும் ‘பரிசு’ |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1326512-parisu-movie-based-on-indian-army.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251117142734/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1326512-parisu-movie-based-on-indian-army.html |archive-date=2025-11-17 |access-date=2025-11-17 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* Jaanvekaa Subramaniam
* Kiran Pradeep
* Jai Bala
* [[Sachu]]
* [[Aadukalam Naren]]
* [[Pei Krishnan]]
* [[Sendrayan]]
* [[Manobala]]
* [[Chinnaponnu]]
* Sudhakar
* Rajasekhar

== Reception ==
''[[Dinakaran]]'' wrote that Janhvika has done justice to her character in the guises of a college student, a farmer, and a soldier; she has performed bravely in the fight scenes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2025 |title=பரிசு: விமர்சனம் |url=https://cinema.dinakaran.com/cinema/prize_review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251117143124/https://cinema.dinakaran.com/cinema/prize_review/ |archive-date=2025-11-17 |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=[[Dinakaran]] |language=ta}}</ref> ''[[Maalai Malar]]'' stated that the director has said that the greatest gift one can give to parents is to fulfill their dreams.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-08 |title=பரிசு- திரை விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/parisu-movie-review-796552 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251117143641/https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/parisu-movie-review-796552 |archive-date=2025-11-17 |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|38682736}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|parrisu}}

[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2025 drama films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Demonte Colony

2026-03-18T04:52:24Z

JovitaMcClinton: Enhanced content and organization

{{short description|2015 Indian film by R Ajay Gnanamuthu}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Demonte Colony.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[R. Ajay Gnanamuthu]]
| writer = R. Ajay Gnanamuthu
| producer = M. K. Tamilarasu
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Arulnithi]]
*[[Ramesh Thilak]]
*[[Sananth]]
*Abishek Joseph George
*Antti Jääskeläinen
}}
| cinematography = [[Aravinnd Singh]]
| editing = [[Bhuvan Srinivasan]]
| music = [[Keba Jeremiah]] (songs) S. Chinna (score)
| studio = Mohana Movies
| distributor = [[Sri Thenandal Films]]
| released = {{Film date|2015|05|22|df=y}}
| runtime = 116 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}2 [[crore]]<ref name="gross"/>
| gross = {{estimation}} {{INR}}17 crore<ref name="gross"/>
}}

'''''Demonte Colony''''' is a 2015 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Supernatural horror film|supernatural horror]] [[thriller film]] written and directed by [[R. Ajay Gnanamuthu]] in his directorial debut. Produced by Mohana Movies, and distributed by [[Thenandal Studio Limited|Sri Thenandal Films]], it is the first instalment in the ''Demonte Colony'' film series. The film stars [[Arulnithi]], [[Ramesh Thilak]], [[Sananth]], Abishek Joseph George and Antti Jääskeläinen. It revolves around four friends who visit a [[Haunted house|haunted mansion]], and the consequences they face after coming out of it.

''Demonte Colony'' was filmed between November 2014 and March 2015. The film has cinematography by [[Aravinnd Singh]], songs composed by guitarist [[Keba Jeremiah]], and an original score by S. Chinna. It was released on 22 May 2015 and became a box office success. A sequel ''[[Demonte Colony 2]]'' was released in 2024, and a [[Demonte Colony 3|third film]] scheduled to release in 2026.

== Plot ==
Raghavan, Sajith, Vimal, and Srinivasan "Srini" are four friends who share an apartment room in [[Chennai]]. One rainy night, after heavily drinking, they decide to visit a dilapidated mansion in Demonte Colony, rumoured to be [[Haunted house|haunted]]. They sneak into the mansion and get separated in the darkness, having a chilling experience. Despite this, all of them manage to come out seemingly unscathed.

The next day, the four friends go to an astrologer. Two of them get their thumbprints and future predictions done, whereas Sajith is told the astrologer will predict his future later, as he does not have the corresponding paraphernalia. They return home, and everything seems normal. Sajith goes to bed, but while Srini is driving his bike, he gets a phone call from the astrologer, who wants to discuss an important matter. However, Srini is unable to hear the details, and the call gets dropped. When Srini reaches the astrologer's residence, he finds him dead.

Some time later, the friends are curious to know the story behind Demonte Colony. Raghavan, who has been researching the subject for a potential film, narrates the story: years ago, the area was a colony of the Portuguese business tycoon John Demonte. He wishes to gift his wife a special necklace, but she becomes mentally ill. Demonte, depressed, travels to [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] to sell his properties in India before returning to Portugal.

Upon his return, Demonte discovers that someone in the mansion raped his wife, leaving her pregnant. Enraged, he kills all his servants due to doubts over who raped his wife. The locals, angered by his actions, set fire to the mansion, resulting in an explosion that kills everyone, including Demonte. A curse is said to be set on the diamond necklace, ensuring that whoever tries to steal it will be killed, and the necklace will return to Demonte Colony.

Raghavan reveals that he had stolen the necklace to sell it for money. Eerie things begin to happen in their room – the TV does not switch off, playing their own conversations instead of the DVD they had inserted. The power goes off, and Srini contacts the electricity board for help. Srini adds what happened to the astrologer, playing the call recording in which the astrologer reveals that Sajith has already died the previous night. They all turn towards Sajith, who is still sleeping.

The windows and doors do not open; the friends' cries for help go unheard outside. They use an [[ouija]], asking dreadful questions, and realise that none of them will return alive. Srini asks to burn the ouija, and it starts burning. "Sajith" awakens, acts oblivious to the events, and goes back to sleep. They get scared upon seeing him. Srini tells them to go back and sit at the same place where they used the ouija. They realise the arrow points at Raghavan, and Srini and Vimal could not hear what Raghavan is saying. They realise he is haunted by the spirit.

Raghavan writes on the TV that Demonte is going to kill them all and dies in the same way Vimal died in the TV. Srini tells Vimal they do not know much about Demonte's mansion and they will return alive. He reveals that if the same thing shown on TV happens now, he managed to escape before by opening the main door. Srini gets haunted by the spirit, kills Vimal, and feels sorry for it. His room starts to freeze.

When Srini sees a portion of the room where a god was present and did not freeze, he goes there and remembers the DVD. After crossing some point, Raghavan was haunted by the spirit. Srini discovers a window can be opened in that part of the room. "Sajith" tries to stop Srini from escaping, but he remembers what the astrologer said – Sajith died last night. He steps back, escapes, and runs to a nearby tea shop, only to find that no one can hear him. He realises he has become a ghost after dying while attempting to jump out of the room. Later, he witnesses the necklace being carried by "Sajith," returning to the Demonte Colony mansion.

== Cast ==

{{cast listing|
*[[Arulnithi]] as Srinivasan "Srini"
*[[Ramesh Thilak]] as Vimal
*[[Sananth]] as Raghavan
*Abishek Joseph George as Sajith
*Antti Jääskeläinen as John Demonte
*Helen Taylor as Demonte's wife
*[[Singampuli]] as the film producer
*[[M. S. Bhaskar]] as the astrologer
*Kalaiyarasan as the astrologer's assistant
*[[Jangiri Madhumitha]] as Jillu
*Aranthai K. Rajagopal as Jillu's husband
*[[Yogi Babu]] as a man at the browsing centre
*Master Ray Paul as a rich kid
*Meena Vemuri as the rich kid's mother
*Inigo Marivalan as TV installation guy #1
*Devaprabhu as TV installation guy #2
*G. Arunpandian as Food delivery boy
*Viji Kannan as Indian caretaker
}}

== Production ==
''Demonte Colony'' is the directorial debut of [[R. Ajay Gnanamuthu]].<ref name="Studentfilmer">{{Cite web |last=Arputh |first=Joe |date=29 May 2015 |title=Making of Demonte Colony: A Chat With Director Ajay GnanaMuthu |url=http://www.studentfilmer.com/2015/05/29/deconstructing-demonte-colony-interview-with-director-ajay-gnanamuthu/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328021611/http://www.studentfilmer.com/2015/05/29/deconstructing-demonte-colony-interview-with-director-ajay-gnanamuthu/ |archive-date=28 March 2017 |access-date=27 March 2017 |website=Studentfilmer}}</ref> It was named after, and set in, a locality by the same name in [[Chennai]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Subha J |date=8 December 2014 |title=Mr. Pick and Choose |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/mr-pick-and-choose/article6673256.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201013030/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/mr-pick-and-choose/article6673256.ece |archive-date=1 December 2024 |access-date=30 September 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Arulnithi]] was cast as the lead actor after Ajay was impressed with his performance in ''[[Mouna Guru]]'' (2011). The director was introduced to Finnish actor Antti Jääskeläinen through a casting agency, and finalised him as the antagonist due to his "villainous face" and "sinisterly look".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jyothsna |title=I learnt the nuances of script writing from A R Murugadoss-Demonte Colony director Ajay Gnanamuthu |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-director/ajay-gnanamuthu/interviews.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618193557/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-director/ajay-gnanamuthu/interviews.html |archive-date=18 June 2015 |access-date=18 June 2015 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref>

Filming began in November 2014,<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2014 |title=Arulnithi in horror film 'Demonte Colony' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Arulnithi-in-horror-film-Demonte-Colony/articleshow/45033629.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228085720/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Arulnithi-in-horror-film-Demonte-Colony/articleshow/45033629.cms |archive-date=28 February 2015 |access-date=13 January 2015 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Demonte Colony' launched |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/demonte-colony-launched-imagegallery-kollywood-olgmyFfbadjhj.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111095452/http://www.sify.com/movies/Demonte-Colony-launched-imagegallery-kollywood-olgmyFfbadjhj.html |archive-date=11 November 2014 |access-date=26 May 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> and ended by March 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2015 |title=Shooting of Demonte Colony wraps up |url=https://behindframes.in/shooting-of-demonte-colony-wraps-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240929192543/https://behindframes.in/shooting-of-demonte-colony-wraps-up/ |archive-date=29 September 2024 |access-date=30 September 2024 |website=Behind Frames |language=en}}</ref> The film takes place prominently in an apartment in the slums of Pattinapakkam, Chennai, as Ajay wanted to avoid the clichéd trope of horror films being set in places like [[East Coast Road]]. Due to the difficulties of shooting in an apartment room, a set was created.<ref name="Studentfilmer" />

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Keba Jeremiah]] and released via Orange Music.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2015 |title=Demonte Colony |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/demonte-colony/y8ZmqAG9b4A_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218101851/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/demonte-colony/y8ZmqAG9b4A_ |archive-date=18 February 2023 |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 18:13
| title1 = Vaada Vaa Machi
| lyrics1 = [[Na. Muthukumar]]
| extra1 = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| length1 = 4:35
| title2 = Dummy Piece – U
| lyrics2 = [[Arunraja Kamaraj]]
| extra2 = [[D. Imman]]
| length2 = 3:11
| title3 = Trap of the Beast
| lyrics3 = Arunraja Kamaraj
| extra3 = [[Ranina Reddy]], Arunraja Kamaraj
| length3 = 3:30
| title4 = The Mystery Unfolds
| note4 = [[Instrumental]]
| extra4 = [[Andrea Jeremiah]]
| length4 = 3:52
| lyrics4 = –
| title5 = The Curse of Demonte
| note5 = Instrumental
| length5 = 3:05
| lyrics5 = –
| extra5 = –
}}

== Release ==
''Demonte Colony'' was released in theatres on 22 May 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2015 |title=Friday Fury-May 22 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/friday-fury-may-22-news-tamil-pfwjLDdjififa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525024532/http://www.sify.com/movies/friday-fury-may-22-news-tamil-pfwjLDdjififa.html |archive-date=25 May 2015 |access-date=26 May 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> It was distributed by [[Sri Thenandal Films]] in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Demonte Colony' on May 22 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/demonte-colony-on-may-22-imagegallery-kollywood-pfvnN9daebhfj.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524005853/http://www.sify.com/movies/Demonte-Colony-on-May-22-imagegallery-kollywood-pfvnN9daebhfj.html |archive-date=24 May 2015 |access-date=26 May 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

=== Critical reception ===
Malini Mannath of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, "Brilliantly written and executed, gripping and refreshing, ''Demonte Colony'' is a must watch for lovers of the genre".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=24 May 2015 |title=Demonte Colony's Unadulterated Horror Will Surely Spook You Out |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Demonte-Colonys-Unadulterated-Horror-Will-Surely-Spook-You-Out/2015/05/24/article2830081.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527024947/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Demonte-Colonys-Unadulterated-Horror-Will-Surely-Spook-You-Out/2015/05/24/article2830081.ece |archive-date=27 May 2015 |access-date=26 May 2015 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, "''Demonte Colony'' does sincere attempt to scare us and seriously it is one of the well written, superbly executed horror thrillers in recent times that keep us engaged throughout its crisp running time of 116 minutes".<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2015 |title=Demonte Colony |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/demonte-colony-review-tamil-pfwqI8fehcdeh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424104843/http://www.sify.com/movies/demonte-colony-review-tamil-pfwqI8fehcdeh.html |archive-date=24 April 2018 |access-date=26 May 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Anupama Subramanian of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' wrote, "what really shines are the foundations and technical execution of the film: writing, narration, pacing (although first half drags a bit), lighting, cameras, and sound", calling the film "a scary and entertaining affair that promises to surprise and amuse you".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=23 May 2015 |title=Movie review 'Demonte Colony': Strong foundation with brilliant technical execution |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150523/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-demonte-strong-foundation-brilliant-technical |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527004405/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150523/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-demonte-strong-foundation-brilliant-technical |archive-date=27 May 2015 |access-date=26 May 2015 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>

M. Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 3 stars out of 5 and wrote, "R Ajay Gnanamuthu's ''Demonte Colony'' is a refreshing change – it is a pure horror film with no frills attached...and this alone makes us want to appreciate the director....But despite the visual flair, ''Demonte Colony'' at times gets bogged down by predictability and the lack of a genuine sense of dread".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=22 May 2015 |title=Demonte Colony Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Demonte-Colony/movie-review/47390492.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122102854/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Demonte-Colony/movie-review/47390492.cms |archive-date=22 January 2022 |access-date=20 February 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> S. Saraswathi of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' gave the same rating, stating, "Almost entirely shot in a single room with no gruesome ghosts or unnecessary build up, the director has skilfully created the eerie atmosphere, with incessant rain, a subtle aura of menace, unsophisticated characters and underlying hint of truth. The film is undoubtedly a fine attempt by the debutant director".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saraswathi |first=S |date=22 May 2015 |title=Review: Demonte Colony is a gripping tale of horror |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-demonte-colony-is-a-gripping-tale-of-horror-south/20150522.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525015507/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-demonte-colony-is-a-gripping-tale-of-horror-south/20150522.htm |archive-date=25 May 2015 |access-date=25 May 2015 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Sudhir Srinivasan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "you could make a case for ''Demonte Colony'' being a brave debut for R Ajay Gnanamuthu...He wants to shake you up and leave you walking out nervously, petrified of the dark and the dead. But he needed something more: new ideas to show the horrors unleashed by the evil spirit. The ones he uses aren't enough".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Sudhir |date=23 May 2015 |title=Demonte Colony: Much promise, but... |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/demonte-colony-much-promise-but/article7238604.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107223448/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/demonte-colony-much-promise-but/article7238604.ece |archive-date=7 November 2017 |access-date=26 May 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
''Demonte Colony'' opened at the number one position at the Chennai box office, with an opening weekend gross of {{INRConvert|64|l|year=2015}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 2023 |title=2015 में इस हॉरर फिल्म ने मचाया था कोहराम, अकेले देखने की दर्शकों में नहीं थी हिम्मत, अब आएगा उसका पार्ट-2 |trans-title=This horror film created a furore in 2015, the audience did not have the courage to watch it alone, now its Part 2 will come |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/south-cinema-demonte-colony-south-indian-horror-film-created-tsunami-at-box-office-in-2015-made-with-2-crore-budget-and-earned-65-crore-fans-waiting-for-second-part-7725474.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715134658/https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/south-cinema-demonte-colony-south-indian-horror-film-created-tsunami-at-box-office-in-2015-made-with-2-crore-budget-and-earned-65-crore-fans-waiting-for-second-part-7725474.html |archive-date=15 July 2024 |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=[[News18]] |language=hi}}</ref> Initially released in 250 screens in Tamil Nadu, this was increased to 280 after the film's opening.<ref>{{Cite web |last=L M |first=Kaushik |date=24 May 2015 |title=''THE RESPONSE TO DEMONTE COLONY HAS BEEN TOTALLY UNEXPECTED'' |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/demonte-colony-director-ajay-gnanamuthu-speaks-about-the-splendid-response-to-the-film.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605080105/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/demonte-colony-director-ajay-gnanamuthu-speaks-about-the-splendid-response-to-the-film.html |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=16 June 2015 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> The film's closing collections were nearly {{INRConvert|17|c|year=2015}}.<ref name="gross">{{Cite web |last=Rajpal |first=Roktim |date=4 July 2015 |title=Mid-year report card 2015: Southern films that have created a buzz so far this year |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/ajith-kumars-yennai-arindhaal-to-allu-arjuns-so-satyamurthy-southern-films-that-have-created-quite-a-buzz-this-year-1015639.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121105107/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/ajith-kumars-yennai-arindhaal-to-allu-arjuns-so-satyamurthy-southern-films-that-have-created-quite-a-buzz-this-year-1015639.html |archive-date=21 January 2022 |access-date=18 May 2020 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref>

== Sequels ==
A sequel titled ''[[Demonte Colony 2]]'' was released in 2024, with Ajay Gnanamuthu returning as the director and Arulnithi reprising his role.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2022 |title=Director Ajay Gnanamuthu Confirms Demonte Colony 2 Is Happening But There's A Catch |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/director-ajay-gnanamuthu-confirms-demonte-colony-2-is-happening-but-theres-a-catch-5265241.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005165519/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/director-ajay-gnanamuthu-confirms-demonte-colony-2-is-happening-but-theres-a-catch-5265241.html |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=5 October 2022 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2023 |title='Demonte Colony 2': Makers reveal the entire cast and crew of the sequel |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/demonte-colony-2-makers-reveal-the-entire-cast-and-crew-of-the-sequel/articleshow/96821378.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111172754/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/demonte-colony-2-makers-reveal-the-entire-cast-and-crew-of-the-sequel/articleshow/96821378.cms |archive-date=11 January 2023 |access-date=20 February 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Ajay also announced his plans for a [[Demonte Colony 3|third]] and fourth film in the series.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajaraman |first=Kaushik |date=23 May 2022 |title=Stories ready for next three parts of Demonte Colony: Ajay Gnanamuthu |url=https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/05/22/stories-ready-for-next-three-parts-of-demonte-colony-ajay-gnanamuthu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706001407/https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/05/22/stories-ready-for-next-three-parts-of-demonte-colony-ajay-gnanamuthu |archive-date=6 July 2022 |access-date=6 September 2023 |website=[[DT Next]]}}</ref> The third film began filming in July 2025,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-07 |title=Arulnithi-Ajay Gnanamuthu's Demonte Colony 3 kickstarts with a pooja ceremony |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jul/07/arulnithi-ajay-gnanamuthus-demonte-colony-3-kickstarts-with-a-pooja-ceremony |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250708053753/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jul/07/arulnithi-ajay-gnanamuthus-demonte-colony-3-kickstarts-with-a-pooja-ceremony |archive-date=8 July 2025 |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> and is scheduled to release in mid-2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2026 |title=Demonte Colony 3: Arulnithi returns to face haunting forces, first look poster out |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/demonte-colony-3-first-look-arulnithi-return-horror-sequel-2845045-2026-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260101144404/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/demonte-colony-3-first-look-arulnithi-return-horror-sequel-2845045-2026-01-01 |archive-date=1 January 2026 |access-date=12 January 2026 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{R. Ajay Gnanamuthu}}

[[Category:2010s buddy films]]
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[[Category:2010s supernatural horror films]]
[[Category:2015 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 horror thriller films]]
[[Category:2015 Indian films]]
[[Category:2015 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by R. Ajay Gnanamuthu]]
[[Category:Films set in 2015]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films set in slums]]
[[Category:Indian buddy films]]
[[Category:Indian ghost films]]
[[Category:Indian horror thriller films]]
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[[Category:Tamil-language horror thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Sahodaran Ayyappan

2026-03-17T13:10:37Z

JovitaMcClinton: page updated

{{short description|Indian social reformer and activist}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Sahodaran D ayyappan
|image =സഹോദരൻ-അയ്യപ്പൻ-സ്മാരകം-കൊച്ചി.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = ''സഹോദരൻ അയ്യപ്പൻ''
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1889|8|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Cherai]], [[Kochi, Kerala]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1968|3|6|1889|8|22|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kerala]], India
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
|other_names = Ayyappan master
| occupation = {{hlist|Social reformer|thinker| journalist|politician}}
| alma mater =
| spouse = Parvathy
| domesticpartner =
| children = 2
| parents = {{ublist|Kochavu Vaidyan|Unnooli}}
| notable_works =
| website =
| awards =
}}
'''Kumbalathuparambu Ayyappan''' (21 August 1889 – 6 March 1968), better identified as '''Sahodaran Ayyappan''' , was a social reformer, thinker, rationalist, [[journalist]], and politician from [[Kerala]], [[India]]. As a vocal follower of [[Sree Narayana Guru]], he was associated with a number of events related to the [[Kerala reformation movement]] and was the organizer of ''Misra Bhojanam'' in [[Cherai]] in 1917. He founded ''Sahodara Sangam'', and the journal ''[[Sahodaran]]'' and was the founder editor of the magazine ''[[Yukthivadi]]''.

== Biography ==
[[File:Sahodaran ayyappan home.JPG|thumb|250px|left|Sahodaran Ayyapan's home at Cherai]]
K. Ayyappan was born on 21 August 1889, in [[Cherai]], [[Vypin Island]], in [[Ernakulam district]] of the present day south Indian state of [[Kerala]] in an aristrocatic [[Ezhava]] family of [[ayurvedic]] physicians to Kumabalathuparambil Kochavu Vaidyar and Unnooli,<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/Sahodaran/Html/Sahodarangraphy.htm |title=Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |date=2019-04-27 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> as the youngest of their nine children.<ref name="Biography - Sahodaran Ayyappan Smarakam">{{Cite web |url=http://sahodaranayyappansmarakam.org/ |title=Biography - Sahodaran Ayyappan Smarakam |date=2019-04-27 |website=sahodaranayyappansmarakam.org |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref><ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan : A visionary social reformer of Kerala">{{Cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/4767259 |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan : A visionary social reformer of Kerala |last=Vu |first=Jaya Krishnan |date=2019-04-27 |website=Academia |language=en |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> Due to matrilineal inheritance, he is not related more to father and His father died when he was a child and was brought up under the guidance of his elder brother, Achuthan Vaidyar.<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan – Sree Narayana Gurudevan">{{Cite web |url=http://gurudevan.net/sahodaran-ayyappan-2/ |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan – Sree Narayana Gurudevan |last=Gurudevan.Net |date=2019-04-27 |language=en-US |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> His early education was in the traditional way and he learnt from local teachers such as Mattapilla Kannu Asan and Kochupilla Asan after which he started the formal education at a local school started by Nediyara Achan Bava. Subsequently, he studied at schools in [[Pallippuram, Ernakulam|Pallippuram]] and [[North Paravur]] before passing the pre-degree course from [[Malabar Christian College]] to join Maharaja's College, Thiruvananthapuram, the present-day [[University College Thiruvananthapuram|University College]] for his under graduate studies.<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan - Socal Reformer of Kerala">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/sahodaran-ayyappan/703 |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan |date=2019-04-27 |website=www.keralaculture.org |language=en |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> In between, there was a short break in studies due to health issues.<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan – Sree Narayana Gurudevan" /> During this period, he had the opportunity to interact with [[Narayana Guru]] and it was Guru who arranged for Ayyappan's stay in Thiruvananthapuram with the noted poet, [[Kumaran Asan]]. After completing his graduate studies in 1916, he returned to his native place to start his career started as a teacher at Rama Varma Union High School, Cherai but he could not carry his social and political life along with the teaching career and he quit the job. Later, he studied law but that was a futile attempt as he failed in the FL examination.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" />

Ayyappan was married to Parvathy and the couple had a daughter, Aisha and a son, Sugathan.<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan and Rationalism">{{Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/4181/10/10_chapter%204.pdf |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan and Rationalism |date=2019-04-27 |website=Shodhganga |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> He died on 6 March 1968, at the age of 78, following a cardiac arrest.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" />

==Reform movements==
{{Reformation in Kerala}}
After his [[graduation]], he returned to [[Cherai]] from [[Thiruvananthapuram]] in 1917 and founded ''Sahodara Sangham'' (The Brotherhood Association), a platform to launch his fight against the [[Caste system in India|caste system]].<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan – Sree Narayana Gurudevan" /> Under the aegis of this organization, he organized a ''Misra Bhojanan'', a feast where people of all castes sat and dined under one roof, at the house of Ayyappan's nephew, Raman Pillai, on 30 May 1917, a revolutionary venture during those days and the conservative [[Ezhava]] community opposed it.<ref name="Misrabhojanam centenary fete">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/Misrabhojanam-centenary-fete/article15007361.ece |title=Misrabhojanam centenary fete |date=2016-09-30 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> Around 200 people including members representing the [[Pulayas|Pulaya]] caste, who were considered [[Untouchability|untouchable]] attended the feast and the effort earned him the moniker, ''Pulaya Ayyappan'', meant to be derogatory but Ayyappan accepted it as a decoration. The founding of the ''Sahodara Sangham'' also earned him another epithet, ''Sahodaran Ayyappan'', with which he came to be known thereafter.<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan - Sree Narayana Guru.in">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sreenarayanaguru.in/content/11-sahodaran-ayyappan |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan - Sree Narayana Guru.in |date=2019-04-27 |website=www.sreenarayanaguru.in |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref>

Narayana Guru supported the efforts of Sahodara Sangham through a message sent on 15 May 1921,<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" /> and in order to propagate his ideals, Ayyappan started a journal, ''[[Sahodaran]]'', from [[Mattancherry]];<ref name="Sahodara Movement">{{Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/4181/8/08_chapter%202.pdf |title=Sahodara Movement |date=2019-04-27 |website=Shodhganga |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> the journal continued to be in print until 1956.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" /> IN 1929, when M. Ramavarma Thampan, [[Mithavaadi Krishnan]], [[C. V. Kunhiraman]], and [[Mookencheril Cherian Joseph|M. C. Joseph]] started the ''[[Yukthivadi]]'' (The Rationalist), he became the founder editor of the magazine. He modified the famous slogan of Narayana Guru, ''Oru Jaathi Oru Matham Oru Daivam Manushyanu'' (One Caste, One Religion, One God for Mankind) as ''Jati Venda, Matam Venda, Deivam Venda Manushyanu'' (No Caste, No Religion, No God for Mankind).<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan - Socal Reformer of Kerala" />

==Political career==
In 1928, Ayyappan successfully contested the election to the [[Cochin Legislative Council]] and he retained the seat for the next 21 years.<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan – Sree Narayana Gurudevan" /> He became a minister in the Cochin Legislative assembly in 1947 and when the state of Travancore and Kochi was united to form [[Travancore-Cochin]] state, he continued to serve as a minister, only to resign from the post when the government started dismissing lower level employees as an austerity measure.<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan - Socal Reformer of Kerala" /> However, in the next elections in October 1949, the [[Kochi rajya prajamandalam|Prajamandalam Party]] secured majority to form a ministry under the leadership of [[E. Ikkanda Warrier]], he joined the ministry along with [[Panampilli Govinda Menon]] and C. A. Ouseph.<ref name="History of Kerala Legislature">{{Cite web |url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/ele_rep/ele_51.htm |title=History of Kerala Legislature |date=2006-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214085355/http://www.kerala.gov.in/ele_rep/ele_51.htm |access-date=2019-04-27|archive-date=14 December 2006 }}</ref> He also served as a minister under [[Paravoor T. K. Narayana Pillai]] but resigned the post when the ministerial responsibilities interfered with his social life.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" />

== Literary career ==
Ayyappan published six books of poetry and an essay compilation, "''Sadhesheeyam''".<ref name="List of works">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/Sahodaran/Html/SahodaranPage.htm |title=List of works |date=2019-04-27 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> Besides, he also wrote several articles and editorials which appeared in the publications he was associated with.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" />

== Memorials and honours ==
On 14 February 1996, [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]], the then president of India, unveiled a statue of Ayyappan in Kochi.<ref name="The Making of a Brotherhood: An anti-caste communal feast in Kerala and its relevance in current culture wars">{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/the-making-of-a-brotherhood-4697780/ |title=The Making of a Brotherhood: An anti-caste communal feast in Kerala and its relevance in current culture wars |date=2017-06-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> The Government of Kerala has set up Sahodaran Ayyappan Memorial at the house where Ayyappan was born<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan Museum">{{Cite web |url=https://www.muzirisheritage.org/sahodaran-ayyappan-museum.php |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan Museum |date=2019-04-27 |website=www.muzirisheritage.org |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> which houses Sahodaran Ayyappan Smaraka Library and the Sahodaran Ayyappan museum.<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan Memorial at Cherayi">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/sahodaran-ayyappan-memorial-cherai/515 |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan Memorial at Cherayi |date=2019-04-27 |website=www.keralaculture.org |language=en |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> Three educational institutions in Kerala bear the name of Ayyappan, viz. Sahodaran Ayyappan Smaraka (SNDP) Yogam College, [[Konni, Kerala|Konni]], [[Pathanamthitta district]],<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan Smaraka (SNDP) Yogam College">{{Cite web |url=https://worldacad.com/india/sahodaran-ayyappan-smaraka-sndp-yogam-college-kerala/1163?overview=view |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan Smaraka (SNDP) Yogam College |date=2019-04-27 |website=worldacad.com |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> Sahodaran Memorial High School, Cherai,<ref name="SM High School, Cherai, Ernakulam">{{Cite web |url=http://wikimapia.org/501651/SM-High-School-Cherai-Ernakulam |title=SM High School, Cherai, Ernakulam |date=2019-04-27 |website=wikimapia.org |language=en |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> and the Sahodaran Ayyappan Memorial College of Education, Poothotta.<ref name="Sahodaran Ayyappan Memorial College Of Education, Poothotta">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sampoothotta.org/ |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan Memorial College Of Education, Poothotta |date=2019-04-27 |website=www.sampoothotta.org |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> One of the main arterial roads in Kochi has been named after him as [[S.A Road|Sahodaran Ayyappan Road]].<ref name="Widening of Sahodaran Ayyappan Road delayed">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/widening-of-sahodaran-ayyappan-road-delayed/article3132703.ece |title=Widening of Sahodaran Ayyappan Road delayed |date=2006-05-13 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> An annual award, the ''Sahodaran Media Award'', has been instituted to recognize excellence in journalism.<ref name="'Imbibe Sahodaran Ayyappan's ideals'">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/imbibe-sahodaran-ayyappans-ideals/article4497289.ece |title='Imbibe Sahodaran Ayyappan's ideals' |author= |date=2013-03-11 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref><ref name="Manorama journalist Harikrishnan bags Sahodaran media award">{{Cite web |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/manorama-journalist-harikrishnan-bags-sahodaran-media-award.html |title=Manorama journalist Harikrishnan bags Sahodaran media award |website=OnManorama |access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref>

== Popular media ==
* A documentary film about Sahodaran Ayyappan, part of a series of films on prominent Malayalis, was narrated by [[M. K. Sanu]], who also wrote a biography of him.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
സഹോദരൻ-അയ്യപ്പൻ-സ്മാരകം-കൊച്ചി.jpg|Statue of Ayyappan in Kochi
MishraBhojanaSilpaMathil.jpg|Mural depicting Mishra Bhojanam
Mrs.Aysha Ayyappan.jpg|Aisha Gopalakrishnan, Ayyappan's daughter
YUKTHIVADI.JPG|Issue of Yukthivadi magazine dated April 4, 1936
Birthplace Of Sahodaran Ayyappan.jpeg|Birthplace
Sahodaran Ayyappan Statue Stone.JPG|Statue stone
Sahodaran Ayyappan Smaraka Library.jpeg|Sahodaran Ayyappan Smaraka Library
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}
* [[List of Malayalam-language authors by category]]
* [[List of Malayalam-language authors]]
* [[Kerala Yukthivadi Sangham]]
{{div col end}}
{{Portal|India|Literature}}

== See Also (Social reformers of Kerala) ==

* [[Narayana Guru|Sree Narayana Guru]]
* [[Padmanabhan Palpu|Dr. Palpu]]
* [[Kumaran Asan|Kumaranasan]]
* [[Ayyathan Gopalan|Rao Sahib Dr. Ayyathan Gopalan]]
* [[Brahmananda Swami Sivayogi]]
* [[Vagbhatananda|Vaghbhatananda]]
* [[Mithavaadi Krishnan]]
* [[Moorkoth Kumaran]]
* [[Ayyankali]]
* [[Ayya Vaikundar]]
* [[Pandit Karuppan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite book |url=https://find.uoc.ac.in/Record/207672 |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan |last=Sanu |first=M. K. |date=1980 |publisher=DC Books |language=Malayalam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://103.251.43.202:8080/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=1183 |title=Sahodaran K. Ayyappan| last=Sanu |first=M. K. |date=2011 |publisher=Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society| language=Malayalam}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=77567&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520sahodara%2520ayyappan |title=Sahodarante Padya Krithikal |last=Ayyappan
|first=K. |date=1981 |publisher=D. C. Books |location=Kottayam}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Sahodaran Ayyappan}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://geocities.com/guruforum/ayyappan.htm |title=Sahodaran Ayyappan - Reformist from Kerala |date=2009-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026190709/http://geocities.com/guruforum/ayyappan.htm |access-date=2019-04-27|archive-date=26 October 2009 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181254/http://www.kerala.gov.in/keracallaug04/p32.pdf Kerala.gov.in: Orma Film Festival 2004 - documentary on Ayyappan narrated by M. K. Sanu]

{{Authority control}}
{{Narayana Guru}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ayyappan, Sahodaran}}
[[Category:Narayana Guru]]
[[Category:Malayali politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kochi]]
[[Category:Indian materialists]]
[[Category:Indian atheists]]
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1968 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian social reformers]]
[[Category:Journalists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Writers from Kochi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Activists from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian scholars]]
[[Category:Scholars from Kochi]]
[[Category:Malabar Christian College alumni]]
[[Category:University College Thiruvananthapuram alumni]]

Indian School, Muscat

2026-03-15T18:52:25Z

JovitaMcClinton:

{{Short description|International school in Muscat, Oman}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2013}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Indian School Muscat
| logo =
| image = Indian School, Muscat (front facade).jpg
| image_size = 320px
| caption = Front Facade of Indian School Muscat
| motto = Kindled to enlighten
| established = 1975
| type = [[Coeducational]]
| principal = Rakesh Joshi
| students = 9200+<ref>{{cite web|title=ISM|url=https://ismoman.com/about.html}}</ref>
| administrative_staff = 150
| faculty = 499
| city = [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]]
| country = Oman
| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]] {{Convert|22|acre|ha}} (Main campus) {{Convert|12|acre|ha}} (Jibroo campus)
| language = [[English language|English]]
| website = {{URL|https://ismoman.com/|Official Website}}
}}

'''Indian School Muscat''' (abbreviated: ISM) is an [[List of schools in Oman|Indian school]] in the [[Darsait]] area of [[Muscat, Oman]].

The school is a non commercial organization established and funded by the local Indian community and parents. It is managed by a group of 15-21 honorary members (known as SMC) appointed by the Board of Directors (The Apex Body) formed according to the by-laws of Indian schools in Oman approved by the Government of Oman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ismoman.com/management.html|title=:: ISM ::|website=www.ismoman.com|access-date=2018-12-13}}</ref> The school is affiliated with the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]], [[New Delhi]], India.

==History==
[[File:President of India, Shankar Dayal Sharma interacting with students at the Indian School Muscat.jpg|thumb|President of India, [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]] interacting with students at the Indian School Muscat]]
It was founded in 1975<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian school – Muscat {{!}} ISO |url=https://indianschoolsoman.com/indian-schools-oman/school-profiles/indian-school-muscat/ |access-date=2026-03-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> as the Central Indian School with 135 students. [[Qaboos bin Said al Said]], the ruler of the Sultanate of Oman granted land in Darsait that enabled the school to be established. Since then, the school has grown quickly, both in terms of enrollment and size. As of 2010, the school had an enrollment of over 8,500 students. The primary school is now being taken as two shifts taking into consideration the number of enrollments. The school has two [[auditorium]]s, three [[library|libraries]], four [[computer lab]]s, indoor facilities, two [[basketball court]]s, and a [[football pitch|football ground]].

==Indian School Muscat Alumni==
Indian School Muscat Alumni (ISMA) was established on 17 December 1997.<ref name=":1" />

The primary objective of ISMA<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://alumni.ismoman.com/about|title=About ISMA {{!}} Indian School Muscat Alumni (ISMA)|website=alumni.ismoman.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-11-24}}</ref> is to support the school in initiatives to foster friendship and fellowship among the students, teachers and alumni. ISMA hosts professional, social and cultural events for the benefit of its members. ISMA provides loyalty benefits to its members through corporate programs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ismoman.com/isma-activities.html|title=:: ISM ::|website=www.ismoman.com|access-date=2017-09-21}}</ref>

ISMA has launched a Sponsor a Student initiative - KINDLE, which is a platform to help fund the education and advancement of children from homes of low income families<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://alumni.ismoman.com/index.php/sponsor/|title=ISMA Sponsor a Student Program {{!}} Indian School Muscat Alumni (ISMA)|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofoman.com/article/141187/HI/Recreation/ISMs-alumni-are-an-example-for-all-of-Oman-to-follow|title=ISM’s alumni are an example for all of Oman to follow|date=2018-09-12|website=Times of Oman|language=en|access-date=2018-12-13}}</ref>

Notable alumni include tennis player [[Mahesh Bhupathi]], Oman cricketer [[Jatinder Singh]], and actress [[Sneha Ullal]]. Additionally, [[Sanam Puri]], Bollywood singer, and his band members of band Sanam, Mr. Venkat Subarmanium and Mr. Samar Puri, actress [[Sarah Jane Dias]], and entrepreneur Kevin Swali.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.utdallas.edu/news/2008/12/03-001.php|title=Forward-Thinking Ideas Shine in Business Contest - UT Dallas News|website=www.utdallas.edu|access-date=2017-06-20|archive-date=2015-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906003550/http://www.utdallas.edu/news/2008/12/03-001.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}

==Student Activities==
The school is a member of the [[Duke of Edinburgh's Award]]. The scheme was launched on 18 November 1992 with 23 girls and 20 boys from the school. The school has had over 300 award entrants, who take part in confidence, character and team building activities including social / community service and group [[excursion]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian School Muscat presents Duke of Edinburgh Gold Awards |url=https://timesofoman.com/article/3332-indian-school-muscat-presents-duke-of-edinburgh-gold-awards |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=Times of Oman |language=en}}</ref>

The school has a student government system, which consists of a [[student council]] and [[School prefect|prefects]]. The student council consists of 20 members (10 boys and 10 girls) elected by the students and then interviewed by the faculty.
== References ==
{{reflist}}{{International schools in Oman}}
{{Indian international schools}}

This school has many social media platforms

[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1975]]
[[Category:Indian international schools in Oman]]
[[Category:1975 establishments in Oman]]

Kavin Dave

2026-03-14T20:50:16Z

JovitaMcClinton: adjust page additionally and fixed typos

{{short description|Indian actor (born 1984)}}
{{use Indian English|date=April 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kavin Dave
| image = Kavin Dave.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = 
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth-date and age|12 November 1984}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| known_for =
| occupation = Actor
}}

'''Kavin Dave''' (born 12 November 1984) is an Indian film and television actor. He works in the Indian film industry.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kavin Dave made his Gujarati debut in Bey Yaar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/Kavin-Dave-makes-his-Gujarati-movie-debut/articleshow/39611330.cms|date=13 January 2017|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Dave made his big screen debut in the movie ''[[Mumbai Meri Jaan]]'' in 2008. This was followed by further successful films including ''[[My Name Is Khan]]'', ''[[I Hate Luv Storys]]'', ''[[Crook (film)|Crook]]'', ''[[Shirin Farhad Ki Toh Nikal Padi]]'' and ''[[Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]''. Dave played the lead role in the film ''[[Bumboo]]''. After featuring in several television commercials for popular brands including Sprite, Vodafone, Dish TV, Fortune oil, Sil jam and Center shock, he got a role of Huzaifa in the very popular television sitcom ''[[Rishta.com]]''.<ref name="Kavin Dave profile">{{cite web|title=Kavin Dave profile|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/index/id/87711|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123103335/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/index/id/87711|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 January 2012|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=22 August 2012}}</ref> Dave made his [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Tollywood]] debut with the [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] film ''[[Money Money, More Money]]''.<ref>[http://www.cinegoer.com/telugu-cinema/news-archives/august-2011/kavin-dave-makes-his-debut-in-telugu-100811.html Kavin Dave Makes His Debut In Telugu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205102025/http://www.cinegoer.com/telugu-cinema/news-archives/august-2011/kavin-dave-makes-his-debut-in-telugu-100811.html |date=5 February 2013 }}, 10 August 2011</ref><ref name="Kavin Dave: Theatre gave me acceptance and escape from otherwise cliched world that exists outside">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Kavin Dave: Theatre gave me acceptance and escape from otherwise cliched world that exists outside |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/interview/kavin-dave-theatre-gave-me-acceptance-and-escape-from-otherwise-cliched-world-that-exists-outside |access-date=28 January 2025 |publisher=National Herald |date=31 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128044717/https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/interview/kavin-dave-theatre-gave-me-acceptance-and-escape-from-otherwise-cliched-world-that-exists-outside |archive-date=28 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
* ''[[Junoon (1994 TV series)|Junoon]]'' (1994–98) as Vishal Rajvansh (child actor)
* ''Filmy Chakkar'' (1993-1996) - Bunty
* ''[[Jai Hanuman (1997 TV series)|Jai Hanuman]]'' (1997) – Bal Hanuman and Bal Raavan
* ''[[Mumbai Meri Jaan]]'' (2008)
* ''Bedundh'' – a Marathi film (2009)
* ''[[Crook (film)|Crook: It's Good to Be Bad]]'' (2010)
* ''[[I Hate Luv Storys]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Teen Patti (film)]] '' (2010)
* ''[[My Name Is Khan]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Money Money, More Money]]'' Telugu film (2011)
* ''[[Shirin Farhad Ki Toh Nikal Padi]]'' (2012)<ref name="Shirin Farhad Ki Toh Nikal Padi">{{cite news|title=Shirin Farhad Ki Toh Nikal Padi|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/previews/bollywood/Shirin-Farhad-Ki-Toh-Nikal-Padi/articleshow/14461896.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126131428/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-28/bollywood/32456014_1_farah-khan-boman-irani-bela-sehgal|url-status=live|archive-date=26 January 2013|access-date=22 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=28 June 2012}}</ref>
* ''[[Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum]]'' (2012)<ref name="Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum: Movie Review">{{cite news|title=Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum: Movie Review|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-27/news-interviews/32888193_1_tusshar-kapoor-sarah-jane-dias-riteish-deshmukh|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126042201/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-27/news-interviews/32888193_1_tusshar-kapoor-sarah-jane-dias-riteish-deshmukh|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 January 2013|access-date=22 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 July 2012}}</ref>
* ''[[Bumboo]]'' (2012)
* ''Chemistry'' (2013)
*''[[Siyaasat]]'' (2014) - [[Qutubuddin Koka]]
* ''[[3 A.M. (2014 film)|3 A.M.]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Bey Yaar]]'', a Gujarati film (2014)<ref name="Kavin Dave makes his Gujarati debut in Bey Yaar">{{cite news |title=Kavin Dave makes his Gujarati debut in Bey Yaar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/kavin-dave-makes-his-gujarati-movie-debut/articleshow/39611330.cms |access-date=28 January 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=13 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128044738/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/kavin-dave-makes-his-gujarati-movie-debut/articleshow/39611330.cms |archive-date=28 January 2025}}</ref>
* ''[[Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Ishqedarriyaan]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Gujarat 11]]'' - Gujarati Film (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/daisy-shah-to-make-her-debut-in-gujarati-film/articleshow/67882018.cms|title=Daisy Shah to play a football coach in Gujarati movie debut|date=February 7, 2019|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en|access-date=2019-06-03}}</ref>
* ''[[Scam 1992|Scam 1992 - The Harshad Mehta Story]]'' (2020) - [[Rakesh Jhunjhunwala]]
* ''[[Cash (2021 film)|Cash]]'' (2021 Film)
* ''[[Maja Ma]]'' (2022 Film)
* ''[[Dhoom Dhaam (2025 film)|Dhoom Dhaam]]'' (2025 film)
* ''[[Andhera (TV series)|Andhera]]'' (2025 series)
* ''[[Mrs. Deshpande]]'' (2025 series)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|3253318}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|kavin-dave}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dave, Kavin}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Gujarati-language films]]
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Gujarati actors]]

BTM Layout

2026-03-13T16:28:37Z

JovitaMcClinton:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = BTM Layout
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Locality
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| pushpin_map = India Bangalore
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|12|55|30|N|77|36|31|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = City
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bengaluru]]
| established_title = 
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 560029 560068 560076
| registration_plate = KA-05 (1st Stage) KA-51(2nd to 6th Stages)
}}
'''BTM Layout''', an abbreviation of '''Byrasandra, Tavarekere and Madiwala Layout''' is a locality in [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bbmp.gov.in/images/maps/SOUTH.jpg|title=Bangalore South Map|publisher=Bangalore Municipal Corporation|access-date=17 November 2010|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708010115/http://bbmp.gov.in/images/maps/SOUTH.jpg|archive-date=8 July 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> located in the South and Southeast parts of the city between [[Hosur Road]] and [[Bannerghatta Road]]. It is one of the first layouts in Bangalore.

==Location==
The area is around 45 km away from [[Kempegowda International Airport]] and 11 km away from the [[Bangalore City Railway station|KSR Bengaluru]]. BTM Layout's proximity to [[Bengaluru Outer Ring Road]], [[Koramangala]], [[HSR Layout]], [[Bannerghatta Road]], [[Jayaprakash Nagar, Bangalore|J P Nagara]] and [[Jayanagar, Bangalore|Jayanagara]] makes it one of the most popular residential and commercial places in Bengaluru. The 1st Stage of BTM Layout is separated from the 2nd-6th Stages, by the [[Outer Ring Road, Bangalore|Outer Ring Road]]. BTM Layout is noted for its cafes, boutiques and music venues.
[[File:BTM Layout street.jpg|thumb|A street in a residential part of BTM Layout]]

==Economy==
It is one of the high growth neighbourhoods in terms of property prices, showing an annual growth rate of close to 60% in early 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/108399/betting-south.html|title=Betting on the south|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|publisher=28 October 2010|access-date=17 November 2010}}</ref>

Nearby tourist attractions include [[Bannerghatta National Park]] which is approximately 10  km away. Bannerghatta Butterfly Park which is located adjacent to the Bannerghatta National Park and is open on almost every day. The park is spread over an area of 7.5 acres with a butterfly trail of about a kilometer length. The ‘butterfly trail’ established over a five-acre garden leads the visitors to an innovatively designed three dome structure housing the conservatory, museum and the multi-media center [[Madiwala Lake]] which is home to rare bird species, is also famous in the neighborhood.

Also home to BTM Football Club (BTMFC) which plays A division football in Karnataka league.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://allevents.in/bangalore/b-division-football-league-championship/20004856340907|title=b-division-football-league-championship|work=allevents.in|date=7 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bannerghattabiologicalpark.org/butterfly_park.html|title=Bengaluru Bannerghatta Biological Park}}</ref>

==Location==
Line 43:
It is one of the high growth neighbourhoods in terms of property prices, showing an annual growth rate of close to 60% in early 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/108399/betting-south.html|title=Betting on the south|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|publisher=28 October 2010|accessdate=17 November 2010}}</ref>

Nearby tourist attractions include [[Bannerghatta National Park]] which is approximately 10  km away. [[Bannerghatta Butterfly Park]] which is located adjacent to the Bannerghatta National Park and is open on almost every day. The park is spread over an area of 7.5 acres with a butterfly trail of about a kilometer length. The ‘butterfly trail’ established over a five-acre garden leads the visitors to an innovatively designed three dome structure housing the conservatory, museum and the multi-media center [[Madiwala Lake]] which is home to rare bird species, is also famous in the neighborhood.

Also home to BTM Football Club (BTMFC) which plays A division football in Karnataka league.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://allevents.in/bangalore/b-division-football-league-championship/20004856340907|title=b-division-football-league-championship|work=allevents.in|publisher=|date=7 February 2019|accessdate=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref>http://bannerghattabiologicalpark.org/butterfly_park.html</ref>
[[Madiwala Lake]] which is home to rare bird species, is also famous in the neighborhood.
Also home to BTM Football Club (BTMFC) which plays A division football in Karnataka league.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://allevents.in/bangalore/b-division-football-league-championship/20004856340907|title=b-division-football-league-championship|work=allevents.in|publisher=|date=7 February 2019|accessdate=7 February 2019}}</ref>
<ref>http://bannerghattabiologicalpark.org/butterfly_park.html</ref>
==Nearby educational institutions<ref name=BtmLayoutInfo>{{cite web|url=http://www.mybangalore.com/locality/btm-layout.html|title=BTM Layout|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref>==
Oxford college of engineering and dental college
* St. Thomas Aquinas High School (Oldest school in BTM Layout)
* AECS Maaruti College Of Dental Science And Research Center
* Buddha Education Society PU college
* Bhudha School
* [[Alliance University]]
* [[Indian Institute of Management Bangalore]]
* Ekya School
* MES School and First Grade College
* Shanthiniketan Educational Trust and MES PU College
* St. Miras High School
* OLF High School
* Nightingales English High School
* New. St Florence Public Convent and High
* Christ university and school
* Orchid International School
* Vibgyor High
* [https://www.fsmgspl.com Networking Training Institute]

==References==
Wikipedia
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Geographic Location
|title = '''Localities of Bangalore bordering BTM Layout'''
|Northwest = [[Jayanagar, Bangalore|Jayanagar]]
|North = [[Taverekere]]
|Northeast = [[Madiwala]]
|West = [[J. P. Nagar, Bangalore|JP Nagar]]
|Centre = BTM Layout
|East = [[HSR Layout]]
|Southwest = [[Bilekahalli]]
|South = Madiwala Lake
|Southeast = [[Bommanahalli]]
}}
{{Neighbourhoods of Bangalore}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in South Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in East Bengaluru]]

Abraham

2026-03-11T11:01:25Z

JovitaMcClinton: improve page for accuracy and updated info after review

{{Short description|Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions}}
{{About|the biblical figure|the name|Abraham (name)}}
{{Redirect-several|Avraham|Avram|Abraham|Abram}}
{{Pp-move}}
{{Protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| image = Guercino Abramo ripudia Agar (cropped 2).jpg
| caption = {{nowrap|''[[Abraham Casting out Hagar and Ishmael]]'' (1657)}} {{nowrap|by [[Guercino|Giovanni Francesco Barbieri]]}}
| known_for = Namesake of the [[Abrahamic religions]]: traditional founder of the [[Jewish nation]],{{sfn|Levenson|2012|p=3}}{{sfn|Mendes-Flohr|2005}} spiritual ancestor of [[Christians]],{{sfn|Levenson|2012|p=6}} major [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Islamic prophet]],{{sfn|Levenson|2012|p=8}} [[Manifestation of God (Baháʼí Faith)|Manifestation of God]] and originator of [[monotheistic]] faith in [[Baháʼí Faith]],{{Sfn|Smith|2000a|pp=22, 231}} third spokesman ({{tlit|ar|natiq}}) prophet of [[Druze]]s{{sfn|Swayd|2009|p=3}}
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* [[Sarah]]
* [[Hagar]] (concubine)
* [[Keturah]]
}}
| name = Abraham
| native_name = {{nobold|אַבְרָהָם {{tlit|hbo|Avrahám}}}}
| native_name_lang = hbo
| birth_name = {{lang|hbo|אַבְרָם}} {{tlit|hbo|Avrám}}<ref>[[s:Bible (King James)/Genesis#17:5|Genesis 17:5]]</ref>
| birth_date = 1948 [[Anno Mundi|{{abbr|AM|Anno Mundi}}]]
| birth_place = [[Ur of the Chaldees]], [[Mesopotamia]]
| father = [[Terah]]
| mother = [[Amathlai]]<ref>[[s:he:בבא בתרא צא א|בבא בתרא צא א]]</ref>
| children = {{Collapsible list
| title = {{nobold|Oldest to youngest:}}
| [[Ishmael]] (son, with Hagar)
| [[Isaac]] (son, with Sarah)
| [[Zimran]] (son, with Keturah)
| [[Jokshan]] (son, with Keturah)
| [[Medan (son of Abraham)|Medan]] (son, with Keturah)
| [[Midian (son of Abraham)|Midian]] (son, with Keturah)
| [[Ishbak]] (son, with Keturah)
| [[Shuah]] (son, with Keturah)
}}
| relatives = {{Collapsible list
| title = {{nobold|Closest to furthest:}}
| [[Haran]] (brother)
| [[Nahor, son of Terah|Nahor]] (brother)
| [[Jacob]] (grandson)
| [[Esau]] (grandson)
| [[Lot (biblical person)|Lot]] (nephew)
| [[Twelve Tribes of Israel]] (great-grandsons)
| [[Dinah]] (great-granddaughter)
| see: ''[[Abraham's family tree]]''
}}
| death_place = [[Cave of Machpelah]], [[Hebron]], [[Canaan]]<ref>[[s:Bible (King James)/Genesis#25:8|Genesis 25:8]]</ref>
| death_date = 2123 [[Anno Mundi|{{abbr|AM|Anno Mundi}}]]
}}

'''Abraham'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|eɪ|b|r|ə|h|æ|m|,_|-|h|ə|m}}; {{Hebrew name|{{Script/Hebrew|אַבְרָהָם}}|ʾAvraham|ʾAḇrāhām}}; {{langx|ar|إِبْرَاهِيْمُ|ʾIbrāhīm}}; {{langx|grc-x-biblical|Ἀβραάμ|Abraám}}; {{Langx|la|Abrahamus}}}} (originally '''Abram'''){{efn|{{Hebrew name|{{Script/Hebrew|אַבְרָם}}|ʾAvram|ʾAḇrām}}}} is the common [[Hebrews|Hebrew]] [[Patriarchs (Bible)|patriarch]] of the [[Abrahamic religions]], including [[Judaism]], [[Christianity]], and [[Islam]].{{sfn|McCarter|2000|p=8}} In Judaism, he is the founding father who began the [[Covenant (biblical)|covenantal relationship]] between the [[Jewish people]] and [[God in Judaism|God]]; in Christianity, he is the spiritual progenitor of all believers, whether Jewish or [[gentile|non-Jewish]];{{efn|{{harvnb|Jeffrey|1992|p=10}} writes "In the NT Abraham is recognized as the father of Israel and of the Levitical priesthood (Heb. 7), as the "legal" forebear of Jesus (i.e. ancestor of Joseph according to Matt. 1), and spiritual progenitor of all Christians (Rom. 4; Gal. 3:16, 29; cf. also the ''Visio Pauli'')"}}{{sfn|Wright|2010|p=72}} and [[Abraham in Islam|in Islam]], he is a link in the [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|chain of Islamic prophets]] that begins with [[Adam in Islam|Adam]] and culminates in [[Muhammad]].{{sfn|Levenson|2012|p=8}} Abraham is also revered in other Abrahamic religions such as the [[Baháʼí Faith]] and the [[Druze|Druze faith]].{{sfn|Swayd|2009|p=3}}{{Sfn|Smith|2000a|pp=22, 231}}

The story of the life of Abraham, as told in the narrative of the [[Book of Genesis]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]], revolves around the themes of posterity and land.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Meyer |first1=Frederick Brotherton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQ1A4xnC-AAC |title=The Life of Abraham: The Obedience of Faith |last2=Meyer |first2=F. B. |date=1996 |publisher=YWAM Publishing |isbn=978-1-883002-34-3 |language=en}}</ref> He is said to have been called by [[God in Abrahamic religions|God]] to leave the house of his father [[Terah]] and settle in the land of [[Canaan]], which God now promises to Abraham and his progeny. This promise is subsequently inherited by [[Isaac]], Abraham's son by his wife [[Sarah]], while Isaac's half-brother [[Ishmael]] is also promised that he will be the founder of a great nation. Abraham purchases a tomb (the [[Cave of the Patriarchs]]) at [[Hebron]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tomb of the Patriarchs and Matriarchs (Ma'arat HaMachpelah) |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/tomb-of-the-patriarchs-ma-arat-hamachpelah |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref> to be Sarah's grave, thus establishing his right to the land; and, in the second generation, his heir Isaac is married to a woman from his own kin to earn his parents' approval. Abraham later marries [[Keturah]] and has six more sons; but, on his death, when he is buried beside Sarah, it is Isaac who receives "all Abraham's goods" while the other sons receive only "gifts".{{sfn|Ska|2009|pp=26–31}}

Most scholars view the [[patriarchal age]], along with [[the Exodus]] and the period of the [[biblical judges]], as a late literary construct that does not relate to any particular historical era.{{sfn|McNutt|1999|pp=41–42}} It is largely concluded that the [[Torah]], the series of books that includes Genesis, was composed during the [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian period]], as a result of tensions between Jewish landowners who had stayed in [[Yehud (Persian province)|Judah]] during the [[Babylonian captivity]] and traced their right to the land through their "father Abraham", and the returning exiles who based their counterclaim on [[Moses]] and the Exodus tradition of the [[Israelites]].{{sfn|Ska|2006|pp=227–228, 260}}

==The Abraham cycle==

===Structure and narrative programs===
The Abraham cycle ({{Bibleverse|Genesis|11:27|KJV}}–{{Bibleverse|Genesis|25:11|KJV}}) unfolds as a narrative of mounting tension, centered on the conflict between God's promise that Abram would father a lineage and become the ancestor of numerous nations, and a succession of crises that jeopardize this divine commitment. The storytelling method used here is the “obstacle story,” a [[List of narrative techniques|literary device]] renowned for its enduring and universal popularity across cultures and eras.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Helyer |first=Larry R. |date=1995 |title=Abraham's Eight Crises |url=https://library.biblicalarchaeology.org/article/abrahams-eight-crises/ |website=The BAS Library |language=en-US}}</ref>

The Abraham cycle is not structured by a unified plot centered on a conflict and its resolution or a problem and its solution.{{sfn|Ska|2009|p=28}} The episodes are often only loosely linked, and the sequence is not always logical, but it is unified by the presence of Abraham himself, as either actor or witness, and by the themes of posterity and land.{{sfn|Ska|2009|pp=28–29}} These themes form "narrative programs" set out in {{Bibleverse|Genesis|11:27-31|KJV}} concerning the sterility of Sarah and {{Bibleverse|Genesis|12:1-3|KJV}} in which Abraham is ordered to leave the land of his birth for the land God will show him.{{sfn|Ska|2009|pp=28–29}}

===Origins and calling===
[[File:Abraham's Journey (en).svg|thumb|Abraham's journey to Canaan according to the Book of Genesis.]]
[[Terah]], the ninth in descent from [[Noah]], was the father of Abram, [[Nahor, son of Terah|Nahor]], [[Haran]] ({{langx|he|הָרָן}} ''Hārān'') and [[Sarah]].<ref>Freedman, Meyers & Beck, ''Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible'' {{ISBN|978-0-8028-2400-4}}, 2000, p. 551 and {{bibleverse|Genesis|20:12|kjv}}</ref> Haran was the father of [[Lot (Bible)|Lot]], who was Abram's nephew; the [[Abraham's family tree|family]] lived in [[Ur of the Chaldees]]. Haran died there while Terah was still alive.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|11:28}}</ref> Abram married [[Sarah|Sarah (Sarai)]] but they were childless.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|11:30}}</ref>

Genesis 11 records that Terah, Abram, Sarai, and Lot departed for [[Canaan]], but settled in a place named [[Haran (biblical place)|Haran]] ({{langx|he|חָרָן}} ''Ḥārān''), where Terah died at the age of 205.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Chronology of the Pentateuch: A Comparison of the MT and LXX|author=Larsson, Gerhard|year=1983|journal=Journal of Biblical Literature|volume=102|issue=3|pages=401–409|doi=10.2307/3261014|jstor=3261014 | issn = 0021-9231 }}</ref><ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|11:32}}</ref>

Then the narrative in Genesis 12 shows that God told Abram to leave his country and his kindred, and go to a land that God would show him, and promised to make of him a great nation, bless him, make his name great, bless them that bless him, and curse them who may curse him. Abram was 75 years old when he and Sarai left Haran with his nephew Lot, and their possessions and people that they had acquired, and they traveled to [[Shechem]] in Canaan.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|12:4–6}}</ref> Abram built an [[altar]] to God in Shechem, and later he built another altar between [[Bethel]] and [[Ai (Canaan)|Ai]]. From there the party travelled to the [[Negev]], or to the south.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|12:7–9}}</ref>

According to some exegetes, like [[Nahmanides]], Abram was actually born in Haran and he later relocated to Ur, while some of his family remained in Haran.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://tobias-lib.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10900/148219/jbq_444_KleinMeso.pdf|title=Nahmanides' Understanding of Abraham's Mesopotamian Origins
|author=Klein, Reuven Chaim|year=2016|journal=Jewish Bible Quarterly|volume=44|issue=4|pages=233–240|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708183416/https://tobias-lib.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10900/148219/jbq_444_KleinMeso.pdf|archive-date=2024-07-08}}</ref>

===Sarai and Pharoah===
{{Main|Sarah}}
[[File:Tissot Abram's Counsel to Sarai.jpg|thumb|''Abraham's Counsel to Sarai'', watercolor by [[James Tissot]], {{circa|1900}} ([[Jewish Museum (Manhattan)|Jewish Museum]], New York)]]
There was a severe [[famine]] in the land of Canaan, so that Abram, Lot, and their households traveled to [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]]. On the way Abram told Sarai to say tell the Egyptians she was his sister, so that the Egyptians would not kill him. When they entered Egypt, the Pharaoh's officials praised Sarai's beauty to [[Pharaohs in the Bible|Pharaoh]], and they took her into the palace and gave Abram goods in exchange. God afflicted Pharaoh and his household with plagues, which led Pharaoh to try to find out what was wrong.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|12:14–17|kjv}}</ref> Upon discovering that Sarai was a married woman, Pharaoh demanded that Abram and Sarai leave,<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|12:18–20|kjv}}</ref> escorting them to the frontier.<ref>Genesis 12:20: [[Jerusalem Bible]] (1966)</ref>

===Abram and Lot separate===
{{main|Abraham and Lot's conflict}}
When they lived for a while in the [[Negev]] after being banished from Egypt and came back to the [[Bethel]] and [[Ai (Canaan)|Ai]] area, Abram's and Lot's sizable herds occupied the same pastures. This became a problem for the herdsmen, who were assigned to each family's cattle. The conflicts between herdsmen had become so troublesome that Abram suggested that Lot choose a separate area, either on the left hand or on the right hand, that there be no conflict between them.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|13:9|kjv}}</ref> Lot decided to go eastward to the plain of [[Jordan River|Jordan]], where the land was well watered everywhere as far as [[Zoara]], and he dwelled in the cities of the plain toward [[Sodom and Gomorrah|Sodom]].<ref>{{cite book|author=George W. Coats|title=Genesis, with an Introduction to Narrative Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OrrdUOovklIC&pg=PA113|year=1983|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0-8028-1954-3|pages=113–114}}</ref> Abram went south to [[Hebron]] and settled in the plain of [[Mamre]], where he built another altar to worship [[God in Abrahamic religions|God]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vRolnGU5KvAC&pg=PA59|title=The Religion of the Patriarchs|first=Augustine|last=Pagolu|pages= 59–60|date=1 November 1998|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-85075-935-5 |via=Google Books}}</ref>

===Chedorlaomer===
{{Main|Battle of Siddim}}
[[File:Abraham y Melquisedec, por Juan Antonio de Frías.jpg|thumb|''Abraham and Melchizedek'' by [[Juan Antonio de Frías y Escalante]], 1668]]

During the rebellion of the Jordan River cities, [[Sodom and Gomorrah]], against [[Elam]], Abram's nephew, Lot, was taken prisoner along with his entire household by the invading Elamite forces. The Elamite army came to collect the spoils of war, after having just defeated the king of Sodom's armies.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|14:8–12|kjv}}</ref> Lot and his family, at the time, were settled on the outskirts of the Kingdom of Sodom which made them a visible target.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|13:12|kjv}}</ref>

One person who escaped capture came and told Abram what happened. Once Abram received this news, he immediately assembled 318 trained servants. Abram's force headed north in pursuit of the Elamite army, who were already worn down from the [[Battle of the Vale of Siddim|Battle of Siddim]]. When they caught up with them at [[Dan (Bible)|Dan]], Abram devised a battle plan by splitting his group into more than one unit, and launched a night raid. Not only were they able to free the captives, Abram's unit chased and slaughtered the Elamite King [[Chedorlaomer]] at Hobah, just north of [[Damascus]]. They freed Lot, as well as his household and possessions, and recovered all of the goods from Sodom that had been taken.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|14:13–16|kjv}}</ref>

Upon Abram's return, Sodom's king came out to meet with him in the [[King's dale|Valley of Shaveh]], the "king's dale". Also, [[Melchizedek]] king of Salem ([[Jerusalem]]), a priest of [[Elyon|El Elyon]], brought out bread and wine and blessed Abram and God.<ref>Noth, Martin. ''A History of Pentateuchal Traditions'' (Englewood Cliffs 1972) p. 28</ref> Abram then gave Melchizedek a [[tithe|tenth]] of everything. The king of Sodom then offered to let Abram keep all the possessions if he would merely return his people. Abram declined to accept anything other than the share to which his allies were entitled.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|14:22-24|kjv}}</ref>

===Covenant of the pieces===
{{see also|Covenant of the pieces}}

The voice of the Lord came to Abram in a vision and repeated the promise of the land and descendants as numerous as the stars. Abram and God made a covenant ceremony, and God told of the future bondage of Israel in Egypt. God described to Abram the land that his offspring would claim: the land of the [[Kenites]], [[Kenizzite]]s, [[Kadmonites]], [[Biblical Hittites|Hittites]], [[Perizzites]], Rephaims, [[Amorites]], [[Canaan#Canaanites|Canaanites]], [[Girgashites]], and [[Jebusite]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zeligs |first=Dorothy F. |date=1961 |title=Abraham and the Covenant of the Pieces: A Study in Ambivalence |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-imago_summer-1961_18_2/page/172 |journal=American Imago |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=173–186 |jstor=26301751 |issn=0065-860X}}</ref>

===Hagar===
{{see also|Hagar}}
[[File:Foster Bible Pictures 0032-1.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|''Abraham, [[Sarah]] and [[Hagar]]'', Bible illustration from 1897]]

Abram and Sarai tried to make sense of how he would become a progenitor of nations, because after 10 years of living in Canaan, no child had been born. Sarai then offered her Egyptian slave, [[Hagar]], to Abram with the intention that she would bear him a son.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=53&letter=H |title=Jewish Encyclopedia, ''Hagar'' |publisher=Jewishencyclopedia.com |access-date=16 December 2023 |archive-date=20 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020081331/http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=53&letter=H |url-status=live }}</ref>

After Hagar found she was pregnant, she began to despise her mistress, Sarai. Sarai responded by mistreating Hagar, and Hagar fled into the wilderness. An angel spoke with Hagar at the fountain on the way to [[Shur (Bible)|Shur]]. He instructed her to return to Abram's camp and that her son would be "a wild ass of a man; his hand shall be against every man, and every man's hand against him; and he shall dwell in the face of all his brethren." She was told to call her son [[Ishmael]]. Hagar then called God who spoke to her "[[El Roi|El-roi]]", ("Thou God seest me:" KJV). From that day onward, the well was called Beer-lahai-roi, ("The well of him that liveth and seeth me." KJV margin), located between [[Kadesh (biblical)|Kadesh]] and Bered. She then did as she was instructed by returning to her mistress in order to have her child. Abram was 86 years of age when Ishmael was born.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|16:4–16|kjv}}</ref>

===Sarah===
Thirteen years later, when Abram was 99 years of age, God declared Abram's new name: "Abraham" – "a father of many nations".<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|17:5|kjv}}</ref> Abraham then received the instructions for the [[covenant of the pieces]], of which [[Religious male circumcision|circumcision]] was to be the sign.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|17:10–14|kjv}}</ref>

God declared Sarai's new name: "[[Sarah]]", blessed her, and told Abraham, "I will give thee a son also of her".<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|17:15–16|kjv}}</ref> Abraham laughed, and "said in his heart, 'Shall a ''child'' be born unto him that is a hundred years old? and shall Sarah, that is ninety years old, bear [a child]?'"<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|17:17|kjv}}</ref> Immediately after Abraham's encounter with God, he had his entire household of men, including himself (age 99) and Ishmael (age 13), circumcised.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|17:22–27|kjv}}</ref>

==={{anchor|Three visitors}}Three visitors===
[[File:Tissot Abraham and the Three Angels.jpg|thumb|upright=1|''Abraham and the Three Angels'', watercolor by [[James Tissot]], {{circa|1896–1902|lk=no}}]]

Not long afterward, during the heat of the day, Abraham had been sitting at the entrance of his tent by the [[terebinth]]s of [[Mamre]]. He looked up and saw three men in the presence of God. Then he ran and bowed to the ground to welcome them. Abraham then offered to wash their feet and fetch them a morsel of bread, to which they assented. Abraham rushed to Sarah's tent to order [[ash cake]]s made from choice flour, then he ordered a servant-boy to prepare a choice calf. When all was prepared, he set curds, milk and the calf before them, waiting on them, under a tree, as they ate.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|18:1–8|kjv}}</ref>

One of the visitors told Abraham that upon his return next year, Sarah would have a son. While at the tent entrance, Sarah overheard what was said and she laughed to herself about the prospect of having a child at their ages. The visitor inquired of Abraham why Sarah laughed at bearing a child at her age, as nothing is too hard for God. Frightened, Sarah denied laughing.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|18:15|kjv}}</ref>

===Abraham's plea===
{{main|Sodom and Gomorrah|Lot (biblical person)}}
[[File:Tissot Abraham Sees Sodom in Flames.jpg|thumb|upright=1|''Abraham Sees Sodom in Flames'', watercolor by [[James Tissot]], {{circa|1896–1902|lk=no}}]]

After eating, Abraham and the three visitors got up. They walked over to the peak that overlooked the 'cities of the plain' to discuss the fate of [[Sodom and Gomorrah]] for their detestable sins that were so great, it moved God to action. Because Abraham's nephew was living in Sodom, God revealed plans to confirm and judge these cities. At this point, the two other visitors left for Sodom. Then Abraham turned to God and pleaded decrementally with Him (from fifty persons to less) that "if there were at least ten righteous men found in the city, would not God spare the city?" For the sake of ten righteous people, God declared that he would not destroy the city.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|18:17–33|kjv}}</ref>

When the two visitors arrived in Sodom to conduct their report, they planned on staying in the city square. However, Abraham's nephew, Lot, met with them and strongly insisted that these two "men" stay at his house for the night. A rally of men stood outside of Lot's home and demanded that Lot bring out his guests so that they may "know" ({{Abbr|v.|verse}} 5) them. However, Lot objected and offered his virgin daughters who had not "known" (v. 8) man to the rally of men instead. They rejected that notion and sought to break down Lot's door to get to his male guests,<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|19:1–9|kjv}}</ref> thus confirming the wickedness of the city and portending their imminent destruction.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|19:12–13|kjv}}</ref>

Early the next morning, Abraham went to the place where he stood before God. He "looked out toward Sodom and Gomorrah" and saw what became of the cities of the plain, where not even "ten righteous" (v. 18:32) had been found, as "the smoke of the land went up as the smoke of a furnace."<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|19:27–29|kjv}}</ref>

===Abimelech===
[[File:Tissot The Caravan of Abraham.jpg|thumb|upright=.7|''The Caravan of Abraham'', watercolor by [[James Tissot]], before 1903 ([[Jewish Museum (Manhattan)|Jewish Museum]], New York)]]

{{see also|Endogamy|Wife–sister narratives in the Book of Genesis}}
Abraham settled between [[Kadesh (South of Israel)|Kadesh]] and [[Shur (Bible)|Shur]] in what the Bible anachronistically calls "the land of the [[Philistine]]s". While he was living in [[Gerar]], Abraham openly claimed that Sarah was his sister. Upon discovering this news, King [[Abimelech]] had her brought to him. God then came to Abimelech in a dream and declared that taking her would result in death because she was a man's wife. Abimelech had not laid hands on her, so he inquired if he would also slay a righteous nation, especially since Abraham had claimed that he and Sarah were siblings. In response, God told Abimelech that he did indeed have a blameless heart and that is why he continued to exist. However, should he not return the wife of Abraham back to him, God would surely destroy Abimelech and his entire household. Abimelech was informed that Abraham was a prophet who would pray for him.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|20:1–7|kjv}}</ref>

Early next morning, Abimelech informed his servants of his dream and approached Abraham inquiring as to why he had brought such great guilt upon his kingdom. Abraham stated that he thought there was no fear of God in that place, and that they might kill him for his wife. Then Abraham defended what he had said as not being a lie at all: "And yet indeed ''she is'' my sister; she ''is'' the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my wife."<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|20:12|kjv}}</ref> Abimelech returned Sarah to Abraham, and gave him gifts of sheep, oxen, and servants; and invited him to settle wherever he pleased in Abimelech's lands. Further, Abimelech gave Abraham a thousand pieces of silver to serve as Sarah's vindication before all. Abraham then prayed for Abimelech and his household, since God had stricken the women with infertility because of the taking of Sarah.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|20:8–18|kjv}}</ref>

After living for some time in the land of the Philistines, Abimelech and [[Phicol]], the chief of his troops, approached Abraham because of a dispute that resulted in a violent confrontation at a well. Abraham then reproached Abimelech due to his Philistine servant's aggressive attacks and the seizing of [[Abraham's Well]]. Abimelech claimed ignorance of the incident. Then Abraham offered a pact by providing sheep and oxen to Abimelech. Further, to attest that Abraham was the one who dug the well, he also gave Abimelech seven ewes for proof. Because of this sworn oath, they called the place of this well: [[Beersheba]]. After Abimelech and Phicol headed back to [[Philistia]], Abraham planted a [[List of plants in the Bible|tamarisk]] grove in Beersheba and called upon "the name of the {{LORD}}, the everlasting God."<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|21:22–34|kjv}}</ref>

===Isaac===
As had been prophesied in Mamre the previous year,<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|17:21|kjv}}</ref> Sarah became pregnant and bore a son to Abraham, on the first anniversary of the covenant of circumcision. Abraham was "an hundred years old", when his son whom he named [[Isaac]] was born; and he circumcised him when he was eight days old.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|21:1–5|kjv}}</ref> For Sarah, the thought of giving birth and nursing a child, at such an old age, also brought her much laughter, as she declared, "God hath made me to laugh, so that all who hear will laugh with me."<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|21:6–7|kjv}}</ref> Isaac continued to grow and on the day he was weaned, Abraham held a great feast to honor the occasion. During the celebration, however, Sarah found Ishmael mocking; an observation that would begin to clarify the birthright of Isaac.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|21:8–13|kjv}}</ref>

===Ishmael===
[[File:Adriaen van der Werff - The Expulsion of Hagar and Ishmael - 59.063 - Rhode Island School of Design Museum.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|''The Expulsion of Hagar and Ishmael'', by [[Adriaen van der Werff]], {{circa|1699|lk=no}} ([[Rhode Island School of Design Museum]], Rhode Island)]]

Ishmael was fourteen years old when Abraham's son Isaac was born to Sarah. When she found Ishmael teasing Isaac, Sarah told Abraham to send both Ishmael and Hagar away. She declared that Ishmael would not share in Isaac's inheritance. Abraham was greatly distressed by his wife's words and sought the advice of his God. God told Abraham not to be distressed but to do as his wife commanded. God reassured Abraham that "in Isaac shall seed be called to thee."<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|21:12|kjv}}</ref> He also said Ishmael would make a nation, "because he is thy seed".<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|21:9–13|kjv}}</ref>

Early the next morning, Abraham brought Hagar and Ishmael out together. He gave her bread and water and sent them away. The two wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba until her bottle of water was completely consumed. In a moment of despair, she burst into tears. After God heard the boy's voice, an [[angel of the Lord]] confirmed to Hagar that he would become a great nation, and will be "living on his sword". A well of water then appeared so that it saved their lives. As the boy grew, he became a skilled [[Archery|archer]] living in the wilderness of [[Desert of Paran|Paran]]. Eventually his mother found a wife for Ishmael from her home country, the land of Egypt.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|21:14–21|kjv}}</ref>

===Binding of Isaac===
{{main|Binding of Isaac}}
[[File:Rembrandt Abraham's Sacrifice (Hermitage).jpg|thumb|upright=.8|''The Angel Hinders the Offering of Isaac'', by [[Rembrandt]], 1635 ([[Hermitage Museum]], Saint Petersburg)]]

At some point in Isaac's youth, Abraham was commanded by God to offer his son up as a sacrifice in the land of [[Moriah]]. The patriarch traveled three days until he came to the mount that God told him of. He then commanded the servants to remain while he and Isaac proceeded alone into the mount. Isaac carried the wood upon which he would be sacrificed. Along the way, Isaac asked his father where the animal for the burnt offering was, to which Abraham replied "God will provide himself a lamb for a burnt offering". Just as Abraham was about to sacrifice his son, he was interrupted by the angel of the Lord, and he saw behind him a "ram caught in a thicket by his horns", which he sacrificed instead of his son. The place was later named as [[Jehovah-jireh]]. For his obedience he received another promise of numerous descendants and abundant prosperity. After this event, Abraham went to Beersheba.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|22:1–19|kjv}}</ref>

===Later years===
{{see also|Abraham's family tree}}
Sarah died, and Abraham buried her in the [[Cave of the Patriarchs]] (the "cave of Machpelah"), near Hebron which he had purchased along with the adjoining field from Ephron the [[Biblical Hittites|Hittite]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|23:1–20|kjv}}</ref> After the death of Sarah, Abraham took another wife, a [[concubine]] named [[Keturah]], by whom he had six sons: [[Zimran]], [[Jokshan]], [[Medan (son of Abraham)|Medan]], [[Midian (son of Abraham)|Midian]], [[Ishbak]], and [[Shuah]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|25:1–6|kjv}}</ref> According to the Bible, reflecting the change of his name to "Abraham" meaning "a father of many nations", Abraham is considered to be the progenitor of many nations mentioned in the Bible, among others the [[Israelites]], [[Ishmaelites]],<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|25:12–18|kjv}}</ref> [[Edom]]ites,<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|36:1–43|kjv}}</ref> [[Amalek#Amalekites in the Hebrew Bible|Amalekites]],<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|36:12–16|kjv}}</ref> [[Kenizzite]]s,<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|36:9–16|kjv}}</ref> [[Midian]]ites and [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]],<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|25:1–5|kjv}}</ref> and through his nephew Lot he was also related to the [[Moab]]ites and [[Ammon]]ites.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|19:35–38|kjv}}</ref> Abraham lived to see Isaac marry [[Rebecca (biblical figure)|Rebekah]], and to see the birth of his twin grandsons [[Jacob and Esau]]. He died at age 175, and was buried in the cave of Machpelah by his sons Isaac and Ishmael.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|25:7–10|kjv}}, {{bibleverse|1 Chronicles|1:32|kjv}}</ref>

==Historical context==
===Historicity===
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 11347 Abrams well.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Abraham's Well]] at [[Beersheba]], Israel]]

In the early and middle 20th century, leading archaeologists such as [[William F. Albright]] and [[G. Ernest Wright]] and biblical scholars such as [[Albrecht Alt]] and [[John Bright (biblical scholar)|John Bright]] believed that the patriarchs and matriarchs were either real individuals or believable composites of people who lived in the "[[patriarchal age]]", the 2nd millennium BCE.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bright|first=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VG67yLs-LAC&q=Abraham|title=A History of Israel|date=1959|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|isbn=978-0-664-22068-6|page=93|language=en}}</ref> However, in the 1970s, new arguments concerning Israel's past and the biblical texts challenged these views; these arguments can be found in [[Thomas L. Thompson]]'s ''[[The Historicity of the Patriarchal Narratives]]'' (1974),<ref>{{Cite book|last=Thompson|first=Thomas L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o91vmgEACAAJ&q=The+Historicity+of+the+Patriarchal+Narratives:+The+Quest+for+the+Historical+Abraham|title=The Historicity of the Patriarchal Narratives: The Quest for the Historical Abraham|date=1974|publisher=Gruyter, Walter de, & Company |isbn=9783110040968 |language=en}}</ref> and [[John Van Seters]]' ''[[Abraham in History and Tradition]]'' (1975).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Seters|first=John Van|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MySUQgAACAAJ&q=Abraham+in+history+and+tradition|title=Abraham in History and Tradition|date=1975|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-01792-2|archive-date=7 December 2024|access-date=13 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207061533/https://books.google.com/books?id=MySUQgAACAAJ&q=Abraham+in+history+and+tradition|url-status=live}}</ref> Thompson, a literary scholar, based his argument on archaeology and ancient texts. His thesis centered on the lack of compelling evidence that the patriarchs lived in the 2nd millennium BCE, and noted how certain biblical texts reflected first millennium conditions and concerns. Van Seters examined the patriarchal stories and argued that their names, social milieu, and messages strongly suggested that they were [[Iron Age]] creations.{{sfn|Moore|Kelle|2011|pp=18–19}} Van Seters' and Thompson's works were a [[paradigm shift]] in biblical scholarship and archaeology, which gradually led scholars to no longer consider the patriarchal narratives as historical.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Moorey|first=Peter Roger Stuart|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e1x9Rs_zdG8C&q=A+Century+of+Biblical+Archaeology|title=A Century of Biblical Archaeology|date=1991|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|isbn=978-0-664-25392-9|pages=153–154}}</ref> Some conservative scholars attempted to defend the Patriarchal narratives in the following years, but this has not found acceptance among scholars.<ref>{{harvnb|Dever|2001|p=98}}: "There are a few sporadic attempts by conservative scholars to "save" the patriarchal narratives as history, such as [[Kenneth Kitchen]] [...] By and large, however, the minimalist view of Thompson's pioneering work, ''The Historicity of the Patriarchal Narratives'', prevails."</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Grabbe|first=Lester L.|editor1-first=H. G. M|editor1-last=Williamson|title=Understanding the History of Ancient Israel|url=https://britishacademy.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.5871/bacad/9780197264010.001.0001/upso-9780197264010-chapter-5|chapter=Some Recent Issues in the Study of the History of Israel|publisher=British Academy|year=2007|isbn=978-0-19-173494-6|language=en-US|doi=10.5871/bacad/9780197264010.001.0001|quote=The fact is that we are all minimalists – at least, when it comes to the patriarchal period and the settlement. When I began my PhD studies more than three decades ago in the USA, the 'substantial historicity' of the patriarchs was widely accepted as was the unified conquest of the land. These days it is quite difficult to find anyone who takes this view.|archive-date=28 March 2022|access-date=12 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328134917/https://britishacademy.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.5871/bacad/9780197264010.001.0001/upso-9780197264010-chapter-5|url-status=live}}</ref> By the beginning of the 21st century, archaeologists had stopped trying to recover any context that would make Abraham, Isaac or Jacob credible historical figures.{{sfn|Dever|2001|p=98 and fn.2}}

==={{anchor|Renaming}} Origins of the narrative===
[[File:Abraham's Gate.jpg|thumb|[[Abraham's Gate|Abraham's Gate, Tel Dan, Israel]]]]
Abraham's story, like those of the other patriarchs, most likely had a substantial oral prehistory{{sfn|Pitard|2001|p=27}} (he is mentioned in the [[Book of Ezekiel]]<ref>{{Bibleverse|Ezekiel|33:24|kjv}}</ref> and the [[Book of Isaiah]]<ref>{{Bibleverse|Isaiah|63:16|kjv}}</ref>). As with [[Moses]], Abraham's name is apparently very ancient, as the tradition found in the [[Book of Genesis]] no longer understands its original meaning, which is likely "father is exalted" – the meaning offered in {{Bibleverse|Genesis|17:5|KJV}}, "Father of a multitude", is a [[folk etymology]].{{sfn|Thompson|2016|pp=23–24}} At some stage the [[oral tradition]]s became part of the written tradition of the [[Pentateuch]]; a majority of scholars believe this stage belongs to the Persian period, roughly 520–320 BCE.{{sfn|Ska|2009|p=260}} The mechanisms by which this came about remain unknown,{{sfn|Enns|2012|p=26}} but there are currently at least two hypotheses.{{sfn|Ska|2006|pp=217, 227–28}} The first, called Persian Imperial authorisation, is that the post-Exilic community devised the Torah as a legal basis on which to function within the Persian Imperial system; the second is that the Pentateuch was written to provide the criteria for determining who would belong to the post-Exilic Jewish community and to establish the power structures and relative positions of its various groups, notably the priesthood and the lay "elders".{{sfn|Ska|2006|pp=217, 227–28}}

The completion of the Torah and its elevation to the centre of post-Exilic Judaism was as much or more about combining older texts as writing new ones – the final Pentateuch was based on existing traditions.{{sfn|Carr|Conway|2010|p=193}} In the Book of Ezekiel,<ref>{{bibleverse-nb|Ezekiel|33:24|kjv}}</ref> written during the Exile (i.e., in the first half of the 6th century BCE), [[Ezekiel]], an exile in Babylon, tells how those who remained in Judah are claiming ownership of the land based on inheritance from Abraham; but the prophet tells them they have no claim because they do not observe Torah.{{sfn|Ska|2009|p=43}} The Book of Isaiah<ref>{{bibleverse-nb||Isaiah|63:16|kjv}}</ref> similarly testifies of tension between the people of Judah and the returning post-Exilic Jews (the "[[Golah|gôlâ]]"), stating that God is the father of Israel and that Israel's history begins with the Exodus and not with Abraham.{{sfn|Ska|2009|p=44}} The conclusion to be inferred from this and similar evidence (e.g., [[Ezra–Nehemiah]]), is that the figure of Abraham must have been preeminent among the great landowners of Judah at the time of the Exile and after, serving to support their claims to the land in opposition to those of the returning exiles.{{sfn|Ska|2009|p=44}}

=== Amorite origin hypothesis ===
According to [[Nissim Amzallag]], the Book of Genesis portrays Abraham as having an [[Amorites|Amorite]] origin, arguing that the patriarch's provenance from the region of [[Harran]] as described in {{Bibleverse|Genesis|11:31|KJV}} associates him with the territory of the Amorite homeland. He also notes parallels between the biblical narrative and the Amorite migration into the [[Southern Levant]] in the [[2nd millennium BCE]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Yahweh and the Origins of Ancient Israel: Insights from the Archaeological Record |last=Amzallag |first=Nissim |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2023 |isbn=978-1-009-31478-7 |page=76 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qee-EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA76}}</ref> Likewise, some scholars like [[Daniel E. Fleming]] and Alice Mandell have argued that the biblical portrayal of the Patriarchs' lifestyle appears to reflect the Amorite culture of the 2nd millennium BCE as attested in texts from the ancient city-state of [[Mari, Syria|Mari]], suggesting that the Genesis stories retain historical memories of the ancestral origins of some of the Israelites.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Future of Biblical Archaeology: Reassessing Methodologies and Assumptions |last=Fleming |first=Daniel E. |publisher=Eerdmans |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8028-2173-7 |pages=193–232 |editor-last=Hoffmeier |editor-first=James K. |chapter=Genesis in History and Tradition: The Syrian Background of Israel's Ancestors, Reprise |editor-last2=Millard |editor-first2=Alan R. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PUcs-FQv4uIC&pg=PA193 |archive-date=5 December 2024 |access-date=22 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205133533/https://books.google.com/books?id=PUcs-FQv4uIC&pg=PA193 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Cambridge Companion to Genesis |last=Mandell |first=Alice |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-108-42375-5 |pages=143–46 |editor-last=Arnold |editor-first=Bill T. |chapter=Genesis and its Ancient Literary Analogues |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-EpgEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA143 |archive-date=8 June 2024 |access-date=22 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608142040/https://books.google.com/books?id=-EpgEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA143 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Alan Millard]] argues that the name Abram is of [[Amorite language|Amorite]] origin and that it is attested in Mari as ''ʾabī-rām''. He also suggests that the Patriarch's name corresponds to a form typical of the Middle Bronze Age and not of later periods.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Patriarchal Names in Context |journal=Tyndale Bulletin |last=Millard |first=Alan |volume=75 |issue=December |pages=155–174 |year=2024 |doi=10.53751/001c.117657 |issn=2752-7042 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Some papers identify Abraham with the Amorite chieftain [[Sumu-abum|Abum]], and his son Ishmael with [[Sumu-la-El|Sumulael]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Knauf |first=Ernst Axel |url=https://www.academia.edu/832723/Ismael |title=Ismael}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Boer |first=Rients de |date=2018 |title=Beginnings of Old Babylonian Babylon: Sumu-abum and Sumu-la-El |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0053 |journal=Journal of Cuneiform Studies |volume=70 |pages=53–86 |doi=10.5615/jcunestud.70.2018.0053 |issn=0022-0256}}</ref>

===Canaanite origin hypothesis===
The earliest possible reference to Abraham may be the name of a town in the [[Negev]] listed in the [[Bubastite Portal]] inscription of Pharaoh [[Sheshonq I]] (biblical [[Shishak]]), which is referred as "the Fortress of Abraham" (i-bi-ra-ma), suggesting the possible existence of an Abraham tradition in the 10th century BCE.{{sfn|McCarter|2000|p=9}}{{sfn|Hendel|2005|pp=48–49}} The orientalist [[Mario Liverani]] has proposed to see in the name Abraham the eponymous ancestor of a 13th-century BCE [[tribe]], the Raham, mentioned in a stele of [[Seti I]] found at [[Beth-Shean]] and dating back to around 1289 BCE. The tribe probably lived in the area surrounding or close to Beth-Shean, in [[Galilee]] (the stele in fact refers to battles that took place in the area). Liverani hypothesized that the members of the tribe of Raham called themselves "sons of Raham" (''*Banu-Raham''), so that the name of their eponymous ancestor would have been "father of Raham" (''*Abu-Raham''), that being the name of the patriarch Abraham.<ref>{{cite book |title=Israel's History and the History of Israel |last=Liverani |first=Mario |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-317-48893-4 |page=25 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_1zfBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA25}}</ref> [[Israel Finkelstein]] and [[Thomas Römer]] suggested that the oldest Abraham traditions originated in the Iron Age (monarchic period) and that they contained an [[wikt:autochthonous|autochthonous]] hero story, as the oldest biblical references to Abraham outside the book of Genesis ({{Bibleverse|Ezekiel|33|KJV}} and {{Bibleverse|Isaiah|51|KJV}}) do not have an indication of a Mesopotamian origin of Abraham and present only two main themes of the Abraham narrative in Genesis—land and offspring.<ref name=":82">{{cite journal |title=Comments on the Historical Background of the Abraham Narrative: Between "Realia" and "Exegetica" |journal=Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel |url=https://www.academia.edu/29972948 |last1=Finkelstein |first1=Israel |issue=1 |volume=3 |pages=3–23 |last2=Römer |first2=Thomas |year=2014 |doi=10.1628/219222714x13994465496820 |archive-date=29 February 2024 |access-date=23 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229190528/https://www.academia.edu/29972948 |url-status=live }}</ref> Finkelstein and Römer considered Abraham as ancestor who was worshiped in Hebron, with the oldest tradition of him possibly being about the altar he built in Hebron.<ref name=":82" />

== Religious traditions ==
Abraham is given a high position of respect in three major world faiths, [[Judaism]], [[Christianity]], and [[Islam]]. In Judaism, he is the founding father of the covenant, the special relationship between the Jewish people and God—leading to the belief that the [[Jews as the chosen people|Jews are the chosen people of God]]. In Christianity, [[Paul the Apostle]] taught that Abraham's faith in God—preceding the [[Mosaic law]]—made him the prototype of all believers, Jewish or [[gentile]]; and in Islam, he is seen as a link in the [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|chain of prophets]] that begins with [[Adam]] and culminates in [[Muhammad]].{{sfn|Levenson|2012|p=8}}

===Judaism===
In Jewish tradition, Abraham is called ''Avraham Avinu'' (אברהם אבינו), "our father Abraham", signifying that he is both the biological progenitor of the Jews and the father of Judaism, the first Jew.{{sfn|Levenson|2012|p=3}} His story is read in the weekly [[Torah]] reading portions, predominantly in the [[parashot]]: [[Lech-Lecha (parsha)|Lech-Lecha]] (לֶךְ-לְךָ), [[Vayeira (parsha)|Vayeira]] (וַיֵּרָא), [[Chayei Sarah (parsha)|Chayei Sarah]] (חַיֵּי שָׂרָה), and [[Toledot (parsha)|Toledot]] (תּוֹלְדֹת).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Held |first=Shai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XzIxDwAAQBAJ |title=The Heart of Torah: Essays on the Weekly Torah Portion |date=2017 |publisher=U of Nebraska Press |isbn=978-0-8276-1333-1 |language=en}}</ref>

[[Hanan bar Rava]] taught in [[Abba Arikha]]'s name that Abraham's mother was named ʾĂmatlaʾy bat Karnebo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bava Batra 91a|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Bava_Batra.91a|access-date=2021-03-08|website=www.sefaria.org|archive-date=30 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530091641/https://www.sefaria.org/Bava_Batra.91a|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Efn|MSS variants: ''bat Barnebo, bat bar-Nebo, bar-bar-Nebo, bat Karnebi, bat Kar Nebo''. Karnebo (''outpost of [[Nabu]]'') is attested as a [[Sumer]]ian theophoric place-name in [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] inscriptions, including the [[Andre Michaux|Michaux stone]]. It referred to at least two separate cities in antiquity.<ref>Yamada, Shigeo. [https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/orient/40/0/40_56/_pdf "Karus on the Frontiers of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Orient 40 (2005)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521130027/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/orient/40/0/40_56/_pdf |date=21 May 2022 }}"</ref> Rabbinic tradition connects Karnebo to the [[Biblical Hebrew]] Kar (כר ''lamb''), translating it ''[[Tumah and taharah|pure]] lambs''.<ref>[https://www.sefaria.org/Rashbam_on_Bava_Batra.91a.14.2?lang=bi "Rashbam on Bava Batra 91a:14:2"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521122919/https://www.sefaria.org/Rashbam_on_Bava_Batra.91a.14.2?lang=bi |date=21 May 2022 }}. http://www.sefaria.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202120144/http://www.sefaria.org/ |date=2 February 2013 }}. Retrieved 2021-03-08.</ref>}} [[Hiyya bar Abba]] taught that [[Abraham and the Idol Shop|Abraham worked in Teraḥ's idol shop]] in his youth.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bereishit Rabbah 38|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Bereishit_Rabbah.38|access-date=2021-03-11|website=www.sefaria.org|archive-date=11 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711002906/https://www.sefaria.org/Bereishit_Rabbah.38|url-status=live}}</ref>

In ''[[Legends of the Jews]]'', God created heaven and earth for the sake of the merits of Abraham.{{sfn|Ginzberg|1909|loc=Vol I: The Wicked Generations}} After the [[Genesis flood narrative|biblical flood]], Abraham was the only one among the pious who solemnly swore never to forsake God,{{sfn|Ginzberg|1909|loc=Vol. I: In the Fiery Furnace}} studied in the house of [[Noah]] and [[Shem]] to learn about the "Ways of God",{{sfn|Jasher|1840|p=22|loc =Ch9, vv 5–6}} and continued the line of [[Kohanim|High Priest]] from Noah and Shem, assigning the office to [[Levi]] and [[Tribe of Levi|his seed]] forever. Before leaving his father's land, Abraham was miraculously saved from the fiery furnace of [[Nimrod]] following his brave action of breaking the idols of the [[Chaldea]]ns into pieces.{{sfn|Ginzberg|1909}} During his sojourning in Canaan, Abraham was accustomed to extend hospitality to travelers and strangers and taught how to praise God also knowledge of God to those who had received his kindness.{{sfn|Ginzberg|1909|loc=Vol. I: The Covenant with Abimelech}}

Along with [[Isaac]] and [[Jacob]], he is the one whose name would appear united with God, as [[God in Judaism]] is called ''Elohei Avraham, Elohei Yitzchak, vEilohei Ya'akov'' ("God of Abraham, God of Isaac, and God of Jacob").{{sfn|Ginzberg|1909|loc=Vol. I: Joy and Sorrow in the House of Jacob}} He was also mentioned as the father of thirty nations.{{sfn|Ginzberg|1909|loc=Vol. I: The Birth of Esau and Jacob}}

===Mandaeism===
In [[Mandaeism]], Abraham ({{langx|myz|ࡀࡁࡓࡀࡄࡉࡌ|translit=Abrahim}}) is mentioned in [[s:Translation:Ginza Rabba/Right Ginza/Book 18|Book 18]] of the ''[[Right Ginza]]'' as the patriarch of the Jewish people. [[Mandaeans]] consider Abraham to have been originally a Mandaean priest, however they differ with Abraham and Jews regarding circumcision which they consider to be bodily mutilation and therefore forbidden.<ref name="GR Gelbert">{{cite book |last1=Gelbert |first1=Carlos |url=https://livingwaterbooks.com.au/product/ginza-rba/ |title=Ginza Rba |publisher=Living Water Books |year=2011 |isbn=978-0958034630 |location=Sydney |access-date=17 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316031021/https://livingwaterbooks.com.au/product/ginza-rba/ |archive-date=16 March 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="GR Lidzbarski">{{cite book |last=Lidzbarski |first=Mark |url=https://archive.org/details/MN41563ucmf_2 |title=Ginza: Der Schatz oder Das große Buch der Mandäer |date=1925 |publisher=Vandenhoek & Ruprecht |location=Göttingen}}</ref><ref name="DrowerHaranGawaita">{{cite book |last=Drower |first=Ethel Stefana |title=The Haran Gawaita and the Baptism of Hibil-Ziwa |publisher=Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana |year=1953}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite book |last=Drower |first=Ethel Stefana |title=The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran |publisher=Oxford At The Clarendon Press |year=1937}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Andrew Phillip |title=John the Baptist and the Last Gnostics: the Secret History of the Mandaeans |publisher=Watkins |year=2016}}</ref>{{rp|18,185}}

===Christianity===
[[File:Aert de Gelder 009.jpg|thumb|''Abraham and the Angels'', by [[Aert de Gelder]], {{circa|1680–85}} ([[Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen]], [[Rotterdam]])]]
In [[Christianity]], Abraham is revered as the [[Prophets of Christianity|prophet]] to whom God chose to reveal himself and with whom God initiated a [[Covenant (biblical)|covenant]] (cf. ''[[Covenant Theology]]'').{{sfn|Wright|2010|p=72}}<ref name="WaReMu">{{harvnb|Waters|Reid|Muether|2020|ps=: "Paul also shows us how the Abrahamic covenant relates to the covenantal administrations that precede and follow it. ... There is, then, covenantal continuity between the inaugural administration of God's one gracious covenant in the garden of Eden (Gen. 3:15) and the subsequent administration of that covenant to Abraham and his family (Gen. 12; 15; 17). The Abrahamic administration serves to reveal more of the person and work of Christ and, in this way, continue to administer Christ to human beings through faith."}}</ref> [[Paul the Apostle]] declared that all who believe in Jesus ([[Christians]]) are "included in the seed of Abraham and are inheritors of the promise made to Abraham."{{sfn|Wright|2010|p=72}} In {{Bibleverse|Romans|4|KJV}}, Abraham is praised for his "unwavering faith" in God, which is tied into the concept of partakers of the covenant of grace being those "who demonstrate faith in the saving power of Christ".<ref>Firestone, Reuven. [http://cmje.usc.edu/articles/abraham.php "Abraham."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909233637/http://cmje.usc.edu/articles/abraham.php |date=9 September 2017 }} ''Encyclopedia of World History''.</ref><ref name="WaReMu" />

Throughout history, church leaders, following Paul, have emphasized Abraham as the spiritual father of all Christians.{{sfn|Jeffrey|1992|p=10}} [[Augustine of Hippo]] declared that Christians are "children (or "seed") of Abraham by faith", [[Ambrose]] stated that "by means of their faith Christians possess the promises made to Abraham", and [[Martin Luther]] recalled Abraham as "a paradigm of the man of faith."{{efn|{{harvnb|Jeffrey|1992|p=10}} states "St. Augustine, following Paul, regards all Christians as children (or "seed") of Abraham by faith, although "born of strangers" (e.g. In Joan. Ev. 108). St. Ambrose likewise says that by means of their faith Christians possess the promises made to Abraham. Abraham's initial departure from his homeland is understood by St. Caesarius of Arles as a type of Christian leaving the world of carnal habits to follow Christ. Later commentators as diverse as Luther and Kierkegaard recall Abraham as a paradigm of the man of faith. }}

The [[Roman Catholic Church]], the largest Christian denomination, calls Abraham "our father in Faith" in the [[Eucharistic prayer]] of the [[Roman Canon]], recited during the [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]]. He is also commemorated in the [[calendar of saints|calendars of saints]] of several denominations: on 20 August by the [[Maronite Church]], 28 August in the [[Coptic Orthodox Church|Coptic Church]] and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]] (with the full [[daily office|office]] for the latter), and on 9 October by the Roman Catholic Church and the [[Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod]].<ref name="LCMS">{{cite web |title=Commemorations |url=https://www.lcms.org/worship/church-year/commemorations |publisher=[[Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod]] |access-date=31 October 2020 |language=en |archive-date=4 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704153818/https://www.lcms.org/worship/church-year/commemorations |url-status=live }}</ref> In the introduction to his 15th-century translation of the [[Golden Legend]]'s account of Abraham, [[William Caxton]] noted that this patriarch's life was read in church on [[Sunday before Lent|Quinquagesima Sunday]].<ref name="Caxton">{{cite web|last=Caxton|first=William|title=Abraham|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/goldenlegend/GoldenLegend-Volume1.asp#Abraham|website=The Golden Legend|publisher=Internet Medieval Source Book|access-date=3 April 2014|archive-date=13 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813234236/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/goldenlegend/GoldenLegend-Volume1.asp#Abraham|url-status=live}}</ref>
He is the [[patron saint]] of those in the hospitality industry.{{sfn|Holweck|1924|p=7}} The [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] commemorates him as the "Righteous Forefather Abraham", with two [[feast day]]s in its [[Eastern Orthodox Church liturgical calendar|liturgical calendar]]. The first time is on 9 October (for those churches which follow the traditional [[Julian Calendar]], 9 October falls on 22 October of the modern [[Gregorian Calendar]]), where he is commemorated together with his nephew "Righteous Lot". The other is on the "Sunday of the Forefathers" (two Sundays before Christmas), when he is commemorated together with other [[Genealogy of Jesus|ancestors of Jesus]]. Abraham is also mentioned in the [[Divine Liturgy]] of [[Basil the Great]], just before the Anaphora, and Abraham and Sarah are invoked in the prayers said by the priest over a newly married couple. A popular [[hymn]] sung in many English-speaking [[Sunday School]]s by children is known as "Father Abraham" and emphasizes the patriarch as the spiritual progenitor of Christians.<ref name="Smith2000">{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Carol |title=The Ultimate Guide to the Bible |date=2000b |publisher=Barbour |isbn=978-1-57748-824-8 |page=91 |language=en}}</ref>

===Islam===
{{main|Abraham in Islam}}
[[File:Abraham_Family_Tree.svg|thumb|Simple diagram showing the descent from '''Abraham''' to '''Ishmael''' and '''Isaac''', with '''twelve tribal descendants''' ]]
[[File:Ibrahim's sacrifice of Emsaeil is stopped by Jibril delivering a sheep instead uncropped.jpg|thumb|Islamic [[Persian miniature|miniature]] of Ibrahim's sacrifice of his son is stopped by the angel Jibril delivering a sheep instead from a Persian 1577 [[Qisas al-Anbiya|''Stories of the Prophets'']] manuscript.]]
Islam regards {{tlit|ar|ʾIbrāhīm}} (Abraham) as a link in the chain of prophets that begins with Adam and culminates in [[Muhammad]] via {{tlit|ar|ʾIsmāʿīl}} (Ishmael).{{sfn|Levenson|2012|p=8}} Abraham is mentioned in 35 [[chapters of the Quran]], more often than any other biblical personage apart from [[Moses in Islam|Moses]].{{sfn|Peters|2003|p=9}} He is called both a {{tlit|ar|hanif}} ([[monotheist]]) and {{tlit|ar|muslim}} (one who submits),{{sfn|Levenson|2012|p=200}} and Muslims regard him as a [[prophet]] and [[patriarch]], the archetype of the perfect [[Muslim]], and the revered reformer of the [[Kaaba]] in [[Mecca]].{{sfn|Lings|2004|p=}} Islamic tradition considers Abraham the first "pioneer of Islam" (which is also called {{tlit|ar|millat ʾIbrāhīm}}, the 'religion of Abraham'), and that his purpose and mission throughout his life was to proclaim the [[Tawhid|oneness of God]]. In Islam, Abraham holds an exalted position among the major prophets and he is referred to as {{tlit|ar|Khalīlullāh}}, meaning 'Friend of [[God in Islam|God]]'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khalilullah: The Friend of God |url=https://www.answering-islam.org/Gilchrist/Vol2/4a.html |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=www.answering-islam.org}}</ref> Besides {{tlit|ar|[[Islamic view of Isaac|Ishaq]]}} and {{tlit|ar|[[Yaqub]]}} (Isaac and Jacob), Abraham is among the most excellent and honorable men in the view of God.<ref>{{qref|38|45-47|b=yl}}</ref>{{sfn|Maulana|2006|p=104}} He is also mentioned in Quran as the "Father of Muslims", and is put forward as a role model for the community.<ref>{{qref|60|4-6|b=yl}}</ref>

===Druze faith===
The [[Druze]] regard Abraham as the third spokesman (''natiq'') after [[Adam]] and [[Noah]], who helped transmit the foundational teachings of monotheism (''tawhid'') intended for the larger audience.{{sfn|Swayd|2009|p=3}} He is also among the seven prophets who appeared in different periods of history according to the Druze faith.<ref name="Hitti 1928 37">{{cite book|title=The Origins of the Druze People and Religion: With Extracts from Their Sacred Writings| first= Philip K.|last= Hitti|year= 1928| isbn= 978-1465546623| page =37 |publisher=Library of Alexandria}}</ref><ref name="Dana 2008 17">{{cite book|title=The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status| first= Nissim |last= Dana|year= 2008| isbn= 9781903900369| page =17 |publisher=Michigan University press}}</ref>

=== Baháʼí Faith ===
[[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼís]] considered Abraham as a [[Manifestation of God (Baháʼí Faith)|Manifestation of God]], and as the originator of [[monotheistic]] religion.{{Sfn|Smith|2000a|pp=22, 231}} [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] states that Abraham was born in [[Mesopotamia]],{{Sfn|ʻAbdu'l-Bahá|2014|p=10}} and [[Baháʼu'lláh|Bahá'u'lláh]] states that the language which Abraham spoke, when "he crossed the [[Jordan]]", is [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] ('''Ibrání''), so "the language of the crossing."{{Sfn|Baháʼu'lláh|1976|p=54}} To ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, the Abraham was born to a family that was ignorant of the oneness of God.{{Sfn|ʻAbdu'l-Bahá|2014|p=4}} Abraham opposed his own people and government, and even his own kin, he rejected all their gods, and, alone and single-handed, he withstood a powerful nation.{{Sfn|ʻAbdu'l-Bahá|2014|p=4}} These people believed not in one God [[Polytheism|but in many gods]], to whom they ascribed miracles, and hence they all rose up against Abraham. No one supported him except his nephew [[Lot (biblical person)|Lot]] and "one or two other individuals of no consequence".{{Sfn|ʻAbdu'l-Bahá|2014|p=4}} At last the intensity of his enemies' opposition obliged him, utterly wronged, to forsake his native land. Abraham then came to "these regions", that is, to the [[Holy Land]].{{Sfn|ʻAbdu'l-Bahá|2014|p=4}} To Bahá'u'lláh, the "Voice of [[God in the Baháʼí Faith|God]]" commanded Abraham to offer up [[Ishmael]] as a sacrifice, so that his steadfastness in the faith of God and his detachment from all else but him may be demonstrated unto men. The purpose of God, moreover, was to sacrifice him as a ransom for the sins and iniquities of all the peoples of the earth.{{Sfn|Baháʼu'lláh|1976|p=23}}

In the Baháʼí texts, like the Islamic texts, Abraham is often referred to as "the Friend of God".{{Sfn|Smith|2000a|p=22}} 'Abdu'l-Bahá described Abraham as the founder of monotheism.{{sfn|ʻAbdu'l-Bahá|1978|p=22}}

ʻAbdu'l-Bahá also suggested the "holy manifestations who have been the sources or founders of the various religious systems" were united and agreed in purpose and teaching, and the Abraham, [[Moses]], [[Zoroaster]], [[the Buddha]], [[Jesus]], [[Muhammad]], the [[Báb]] and Bahá'u'lláh are one in "spirit and reality".{{Sfn|ʻAbdu'l-Bahá|1912|p=118}}

== Artistic depictions ==

===Painting and sculpture===
[[File:Isaac sarcifice Pio Christiano Inv31648.jpg|thumb|16th-century plaster cast of a late Roman-era [[Sacrifice of Isaac]]. The hand of God originally came down to restrain Abraham's knife (both are now missing).]]

Paintings on the life of Abraham tend to focus on only a few incidents: the sacrifice of Isaac; meeting Melchizedek; entertaining the three angels; Hagar in the desert; and a few others.{{efn|name=Abeart}} Additionally, Martin O'Kane, a professor of Biblical Studies, writes that the parable of [[Rich man and Lazarus|Lazarus]] resting in the "[[Bosom of Abraham]]", as described in the [[Gospel of Luke]], became an iconic image in Christian works.{{sfn|Exum|2007|p=135}} According to O'Kane, artists often chose to divert from the common literary portrayal of Lazarus sitting next to Abraham at a banquet in Heaven and instead focus on the "somewhat incongruous notion of Abraham, the most venerated of patriarchs, holding a naked and vulnerable child in his bosom".{{sfn|Exum|2007|p=135}} Several artists have been inspired by the life of Abraham, including [[Albrecht Dürer]] (1471–1528), [[Caravaggio]] (1573–1610), [[Donatello]], [[Raphael]], [[Anthony van Dyck|Philip van Dyck]] (Dutch painter, 1680–1753), and [[Claude Lorrain]] (French painter, 1600–1682). [[Rembrandt]] (Dutch, 1606–1669) created at least seven works on Abraham, [[Peter Paul Rubens]] (1577–1640) did several, [[Marc Chagall]] did at least five on Abraham, Gustave Doré (French illustrator, 1832–1883) did six, and [[James Tissot]] (French painter and illustrator, 1836–1902) did over twenty works on the subject.{{efn|name=Abeart}}

The [[Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus]] depicts a set of biblical stories, including Abraham about to sacrifice Isaac. These sculpted scenes are on the outside of a marble [[Early Christian art|Early Christian]] [[sarcophagus]] used for the burial of [[Junius Bassus Theotecnius|Junius Bassus]]. He died in 359. This sarcophagus has been described as "probably the single most famous piece of early Christian relief sculpture."{{sfn|Rutgers|1993|p=}} The sarcophagus was originally placed in or under [[Old St. Peter's Basilica]], was rediscovered in 1597, and is now below the modern basilica in the Museo Storico del Tesoro della Basilica di San Pietro (Museum of [[St. Peter's Basilica]]) in the [[Vatican City|Vatican]]. The base is approximately {{convert|4|x|8|x|4|ft|m|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Laurie |first=Annie |date=2012 |title=Plaster Cast of the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus in the Vatican Museum |url=https://m.ipernity.com/#/doc/laurieannie/24820593}}</ref>

[[George Segal (artist)|George Segal]] created figural sculptures by molding plastered gauze strips over live models in his 1987 work ''Abraham's Farewell to Ishmael''. The human condition was central to his concerns, and Segal used the Old Testament as a source for his imagery. This sculpture depicts the dilemma faced by Abraham when Sarah demanded that he expel Hagar and Ishmael. In the sculpture, the father's tenderness, Sarah's rage, and Hagar's resigned acceptance portray a range of human emotions. The sculpture was donated to the Miami Art Museum after the artist's death in 2000.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110429085513/http://www.miamiartmuseum.org/collection-selected-segalgeorge.asp Abraham's Farewell to Ishmael. ''George Segal.'' Miami Art Museum. Collections: Recent Acquisitions.]. Retrieved 10 September 2014.</ref>

===Christian iconography===
[[File:Праведни Авраам и прaведни (покајани) разбојник у рају, живопис у светој обитељи Грачаница, Србија.jpg|thumb|Abraham in paradise, [[Gračanica Monastery]], [[Serbia]]]]
Abraham can sometimes be identified by the context of the image{{snd}} the meeting with [[Melchizedek]], [[:commons:Category:Abraham and three angels|the three visitors]], or [[:commons:Category:Sacrifice of Isaac|the sacrifice of Isaac]]. In solo portraits a sword or knife may be used as his accessory, as in [[:commons:File:AbrahamMorlaiterJRS.JPG|this statue]] by [[Giovanni Maria Morlaiter]] or [[:commons:File:AbrahamMonacoJRS.jpg|this painting]] by [[Lorenzo Monaco]].

As early as the beginning of the 3rd century, Christian art followed Christian [[Typology (theology)#Offering of Isaac|typology]] in making the sacrifice of Isaac a foreshadowing of Christ's sacrifice on the cross, and its memorial in the sacrifice of the Mass. See for example [[:commons:File:AltarFuldaClunyJRS.jpg|this 11th-century Christian altar]] engraved with Abraham's and other sacrifices taken to prefigure that of Christ in the Eucharist.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.christianiconography.info/abraham.html |title=Abraham the Patriarch in Art – Iconography and Literature |publisher=Christian Iconography – a project of [[Georgia Regents University]]. |access-date=2014-04-18 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419020651/http://www.christianiconography.info/abraham.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Icoană a Raiului din Ploieşti.jpg|thumb|[[Mural]] of Abraham in [[Heaven in Christianity|Heaven]] from the Holy Mother Church, [[Ploiești]], Romania]]
Some early Christian writers interpreted the three visitors as the [[triune God]]. Thus in [[Santa Maria Maggiore]], Rome, [[:commons:File:HospitalityAbrahamSMMaggioreJRS.jpg|a 5th-century mosaic]] portrays only the visitors against a [[gold ground]] and puts semitransparent copies of them in the "heavenly" space above the scene. In Eastern Orthodox art, the visit is the chief means by which the Trinity is pictured ([[:commons:File:Russian - Hospitality of Abraham - Walters 371185.jpg|example]]). Some images do not include Abraham and Sarah, like Andrei Rublev's ''Trinity'', which shows only the three visitors as beardless youths at a table.<ref name=Boguslawski>{{cite web|last=Boguslawski|first=Alexander|title=The Holy Trinity|url=http://myweb.rollins.edu/aboguslawski/Ruspaint/trinity.html|publisher=Rollins.edu|access-date=3 April 2014}}</ref>

===Literature===
''[[Fear and Trembling]]'' (original [[Danish language|Danish]] title: {{lang|da|Frygt og Bæven}}) is an influential philosophical work by [[Søren Kierkegaard]], published in 1843 under the pseudonym {{lang|la|Johannes de silentio}} (''John the Silent''). Kierkegaard wanted to understand the anxiety that must have been present in Abraham when God asked him to sacrifice his son.{{sfn|Kierkegaard|1980|pp=155–156}} [[W. G. Hardy]]'s novel ''Father Abraham'' (1935) tells the fictionalized life story of Abraham.<ref>{{cite news|title=Abraham's Quest For God|last=Allison|first=W. T.|date=26 January 1935|newspaper=Winnipeg Tribune|location=Winnipeg, Manitoba|page=39|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/sports-clipping-jan-26-1935-1458299/|archive-date=7 December 2019|access-date=23 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207042023/https://newspaperarchive.com/sports-clipping-jan-26-1935-1458299/|url-status=live}}{{free access}}</ref> In her short story collection ''[[Sarah and After]]'', [[Lynne Reid Banks]] tells the story of Abraham and Sarah, with an emphasis on Sarah's view of events.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sutherland |first=Zena |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UxgsBHor_LgC&dq=%22Sarah+and+After%22+Lynne+Reid+Banks&pg=PA28 |title=The Best in Children's Books: The University of Chicago Guide to Children's Literature, 1973–78 |date=1980 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-78059-7 |page=28 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Music ===
In 1681, [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]] released a Dramatic motet (Oratorio), ''{{lang|la|Sacrificim Abrahae}}'' H.402 – 402 a – 402 b, for soloists, chorus, doubling instruments and continuo.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Charpentier |first=Marc-Antoine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WUAJAQAAMAAJ |title=Sacrificium Abrahae: H. 402 |date=1995 |publisher=Editions du Centre de musique baroque de Versailles |language=fr}}</ref> [[Sébastien de Brossard]] composed a [[cantata]] ''{{lang|fr|Abraham ou le sacrifice d'Isaac}}'' between 1703 and 1708.<ref>{{Cite AV media notes|url=https://en.opera-scores.com/O/S%C3%A9bastien+de+Brossard/Abraham+ou+le+sacrifice+d'Isaac.html#:~:text=Composer:+Brossard+S%C3%A9bastien+de+Full,full+scores+in+pdf|title=Cantata: Abraham ou le sacrifice d'Isaac |first=Sébastien |last=de Brossard |type=Sheet music|via=en.opera-scores.com |date=c. 1708 |id=SdB.69}}</ref>

In 1994, [[Steve Reich]] released an opera named ''[[The Cave (opera)|The Cave]]''. The title refers to the [[Cave of the Patriarchs]]. The narrative of the opera is based on the story of Abraham, and his immediate family, as it is recounted in religious texts, and understood by individuals from different cultures and religious traditions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reich |first=Steve |date=1990 |title=The Cave |url=https://stevereich.com/composition/the-cave/ |website=stevereich.com |access-date=26 August 2023 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826204939/https://stevereich.com/composition/the-cave/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Highway 61 Revisited (song)|eponymous track]] on [[Bob Dylan]]'s 1965 album ''[[Highway 61 Revisited]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bobdylan.com/songs/highway-61-revisited/|title=Highway 61 Revisited |website=bobdylan.com |access-date=30 December 2023|archive-date=22 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122041934/http://www.bobdylan.com/songs/highway-61-revisited/|url-status=live}}</ref> contains five stanzas, with someone in each describing an unusual problem that is ultimately resolved on Highway 61. In the first stanza, [[God in Abrahamic religions|God]] tells Abraham to "[[Binding of Isaac|kill me a son]]". God wants the killing done on Highway 61. ''Abram'', the birth name of Abraham, is also the name of Dylan's father.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/lifestyle/arts-and-entertainment/from-odessa-to-duluth-the-journey-of-bob-dylans-grandparents|title=From Odessa to Duluth: The journey of Bob Dylan's grandparents|date=28 March 2022|work=Duluth News Tribune|access-date=30 December 2023|archive-date=30 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230214919/https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/lifestyle/arts-and-entertainment/from-odessa-to-duluth-the-journey-of-bob-dylans-grandparents|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2004, ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine ranked "Highway 61 Revisited" at number 364 in their [[Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time|500 Greatest Songs of All Time]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time |date=9 December 2004 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/500songs/page/4|access-date=8 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913125603/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/500songs/page/4| archive-date=13 September 2008|magazine=Rolling Stone}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{portal|Judaism|Christianity|Islam}}
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* [[Abraham I (disambiguation)|Abraham I]], [[Abraham II (disambiguation)|II]], [[Abraham III (disambiguation)|III]] (disambiguations)
* [[Abraham Path]]
* [[Abraham's Gate]] at [[Tel Dan]]
* [[Apocalypse of Abraham]]
* [[Book of Abraham]]
* [[Nimrod#Nimrod vs. Abraham|Nimrod vs. Abraham]]
* [[Gathering of Israel]]
* [[Genealogies of Genesis]]
* [[Shu-Enlil|Ibarum]]
* [[Ibrium]]
* [[List of oldest fathers]]
* [[Pearl of Great Price (Mormonism)]]
* [[Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions]]
}}

== Footnotes ==
{{notelist|30em|refs=

{{efn|name=Abeart|For a thorough collection of links to artwork about Abraham see: {{cite web|url=https://www.jesuswalk.com/abraham/abraham-artwork.htm |title=Artwork Depicting Scenes from Abraham's Life|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115015846/https://www.jesuswalk.com/abraham/abraham-artwork.htm |archive-date=15 January 2025 }} }}

}}

== References ==
{{reflist|20em}}

== Bibliography ==

{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* {{cite book |author=ʻAbdu'l-Bahá |author-link=ʻAbdu'l-Bahá |url=http://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/abdul-baha/some-answered-questions |title=Selections from the Writings of 'Abdu'l‑Bahá|publisher=Baháʼí World Centre|year=1978|editor-last=Barney |editor-first=Research Department of the Universal House of Justice|translator=Bahá'í World Centre and by Gail, Marzieh}}
* {{cite book |author=ʻAbdu'l-Bahá |author-link=ʻAbdu'l-Bahá |url=http://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/abdul-baha/some-answered-questions |title=Some Answered Questions |publisher=Baháʼí World Centre |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-87743-374-3 |editor-last=Barney |editor-first=Laura Clifford |edition=Newly revised |location=Haifa, Israel |orig-year=1908}}{{source-attribution}}
* {{cite book |author=ʻAbdu'l-Bahá |author-link=ʻAbdu'l-Bahá |url=https://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/abdul-baha/promulgation-universal-peace/ |title=The Promulgation of Universal Peace |date=1912 |publisher= |isbn= |editor-last=MacNutt |editor-first=Howard |location= |translator= |translator-link=}}
* {{cite book |author=Baháʼu'lláh |author-link=Baháʼu'lláh |url=https://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/bahaullah/gleanings-writings-bahaullah |title=Gleanings from the Writings of Baháʼu'lláh |date=1976 |publisher=Baháʼí Publishing Trust |isbn=0-87743-187-6 |editor-last=[[Shogi Effendi]] |location=Wilmette, Illinois, USA |translator=Shoghi Effendi |translator-link=}}
* {{cite book |last1= Carr |first1= David M. |author-link1= David M. Carr |last2= Conway |first2= Colleen M. |title= An Introduction to the Bible: Sacred Texts and Imperial Contexts |chapter= Introduction to the Pentateuch |publisher= John Wiley & Sons |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=dJerjvlxCHsC |year= 2010 |isbn= 978-1405167383 }}
* {{cite book |last=Dever |first=William G. |author-link=William G. Dever |title=What Did the Biblical Writers Know, and when Did They Know It?: What Archaeology Can Tell Us about the Reality of Ancient Israel |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=6-VxwC5rQtwC&q=%22respectable+archaeologists%22&pg=PA98 |year=2001 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=978-0-8028-2126-3 }}
* {{cite book |last= Enns |first= Peter | author-link= Peter Enns |title= The Evolution of Adam |year= 2012 |publisher= Baker Books |isbn=978-1-58743-315-3 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=BNxeoqoTg-YC }}
* {{cite book |last=Exum |first=Jo Cheryl |author-link= J. Cheryl Exum|title=Retellings: The Bible in Literature, Music, Art and Film |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4bTVrpXSXe8C&q=Biblical+Art+Abraham&pg=PA135 |year=2007 |publisher=Brill Publishers |isbn=978-90-04-16572-4 }}
* {{cite book |last=Ginzberg |first=Louis| author-link=Louis Ginzberg |translator=Henrietta Szold|title=The Legends of the Jews|year=1909|url=http://www.swartzentrover.com/cotor/e-books/misc/Legends/Legends%20of%20the%20Jews.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.swartzentrover.com/cotor/e-books/misc/Legends/Legends%20of%20the%20Jews.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|location=Philadelphia|publisher=[[Jewish Publication Society]] }}
* {{cite book |title=Remembering Abraham: Culture, Memory, and History in the Hebrew Bible |last=Hendel |first=Ronald |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-19-803959-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMsweVhMbaoC&pg=PA47}}
* {{cite book |last1=Holweck |first1=Frederick George | author-link=Frederick George Holweck |title=A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints |year=1924 |publisher=B. Herder Book Co }}
* {{cite book|author=Jasher|date= 1840|title= The Book of Jasher|publisher=Noah and Gould|location=New York|editor=|url=https://archive.org/details/thebookofjasher1840/page/n55/mode/2up|display-authors=0}}
* {{cite book|last=Jeffrey|first=David Lyle |author-link=David Lyle Jeffrey|title=A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zD6xVr1CizIC&pg=PA10|year=1992|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-3634-2}}
* {{cite book |last1=Kierkegaard |first1=Søren |author-link1=Søren Kierkegaard |title=The Concept of Anxiety: A Simple Psychologically Orienting Deliberation on the Dogmatic Issue of Hereditary Sin |url= https://archive.org/details/conceptofanxiety0000kier |url-access=registration |year=1980 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-02011-2 }}
* {{cite book |last=Levenson |first=Jon Douglas | author-link= Jon D. Levenson |title=Inheriting Abraham: The Legacy of the Patriarch in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam |year=2012 |publisher=Princeton University Press |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=EUO2Mhd-drcC&q=Inheriting+Abraham |isbn=978-0691155692 }}
* {{cite book|last=Lings|first=Martin |title=Mecca: From Before Genesis Until Now|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1JAwAAAAYAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Archetype|isbn=978-1-901383-07-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Maulana|first=Mohammad |title=Encyclopaedia of Quranic Studies (Set of 26 Vols.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vFskAQAAIAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Anmol Publications|isbn=978-81-261-2771-9}}
* {{cite book |last1=McCarter |first1=P. Kyle |author-link=P. Kyle McCarter Jr. |chapter=Abraham |editor1-last=Freedman |editor1-first=Noel David |editor-link1=David Noel Freedman |editor2-last=Myers |editor2-first=Allen C. |title=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible |year=2000 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&q=Abraham+Isaac+Ishmael&pg=PA8 |isbn=978-90-5356-503-2 |pages=8–10 }}
* {{cite book |last=McNutt |first=Paula M. |title=Reconstructing the Society of Ancient Israel |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=hd28MdGNyTYC&q=Abraham+patriarchal+%22known+history%22&pg=PA41 |year=1999 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-22265-9 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia |surname=Mendes-Flohr |given=Paul |author-link=Paul R. Mendes-Flohr |editor=Thomas Riggs |title=Judaism |year=2005 |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/judaism/judaism/judaism |via=[[Encyclopedia.com]] |encyclopedia=Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices |place=Farmington Hills, Mi |publisher=Thomson Gale |volume=1 |isbn=978-0787666118}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Moore |first1=Megan Bishop |last2=Kelle |first2=Brad E. |year=2011 |title=Biblical History and Israel's Past |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qjkz_8EMoaUC&q=Thompson+%22Van+Seters%22&pg=PA19 |location=Grand Rapids, Mich. |publisher=William B. Eerdmans Pub. Company |isbn=978-0-8028-6260-0 |oclc=693560718}}
* {{cite book |last=Peters |first=Francis Edward|author-link=Francis Edward Peters |title=Islam, a Guide for Jews and Christians |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HYJ2c9E9IM8C&pg=PA9|year=2003|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-1400825486 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Pitard |first1=Wayne T. |chapter=Before Israel |editor1-last=Coogan |editor1-first=Michael D. |title=The Oxford History of the Biblical World |year=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=zFhvECwNQD0C&q=oral+tradition&pg=PA27 |isbn=978-0-19-513937-2 }}
* {{cite journal|last1=Rutgers|first1=Leonard Victor|title=''The Iconography of the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus'' (review)|journal=Journal of Early Christian Studies|volume=1|issue=1|year=1993|pages=94–96|issn=1086-3184|doi=10.1353/earl.0.0155|s2cid=170301601}}
* {{cite book|last=Ska |first=Jean Louis |title=Introduction to Reading the Pentateuch |year=2006 |publisher=Eisenbrauns |isbn=978-1-57506-122-1 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7cdy67ZvzdkC}}
* {{cite book |last1=Ska |first1=Jean Louis |title=The Exegesis of the Pentateuch: Exegetical Studies and Basic Questions |year=2009 |publisher=Mohr Siebeck |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7g4yqsv0S0cC&pg=PA30 |isbn=978-3-16-149905-0 }}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Nq9lD5wnBMC&q=abraham+druze&pg=PA3|title=The a to Z of the Druzes|isbn=978-0810868366|last1=Swayd|first1=Samy S.|year=2009|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield }}
* {{cite book |last=Smith | first=Peter |author-link=Peter Smith (historian) |date=2000a |title=A Concise Encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith |publisher=[[Oneworld Publications]] |isbn=978-1780744803|access-date=December 26, 2020|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pYfrAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT71}}
* {{cite book |last=Thompson |first=Thomas L. |title=The Historicity of the Patriarchal Narratives: The Quest for the Historical Abraham |publisher=[[Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG]] |author-link=Thomas L. Thompson |location=Berlin/Boston |year=2016 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0iHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA23 |isbn=978-3-11-084144-2 |orig-date=1974 }}
* {{cite book|last1=Waters|first1=Guy P.|last2=Reid|first2=J. Nicholas |last3=Muether|first3=John R. |title=Covenant Theology: Biblical, Theological, and Historical Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l0gAEAAAQBAJ|year=2020|publisher=Crossway|isbn=978-1-4335-6006-4}}
* {{cite book|last=Wright|first=Christopher J. H. |author-link=Christopher J. H. Wright|title=The Mission of God's People: A Biblical Theology of the Church's Mission|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_2QnrMdwNQC&pg=PA72|year=2010|publisher=Zondervan |isbn=978-0-310-32303-7}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{EBD poster|wstitle=Abraham}}
{{EB1911 poster|Abraham}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.azamra.org/Earth/mount-03.html Abraham smashes the idols]
* [https://www.loc.gov/item/2021668400 "Journey and Life of the Patriarch Abraham"], a map dating back to 1590

{{Legendary progenitors}}
{{Adam to Jesus}}
{{Prophets of the Tanakh}}
{{Book of Genesis}}
{{Catholic saints}}
{{Prophets in the Quran}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Abraham| ]]
[[Category:21st-century BC people]]
[[Category:Angelic visionaries]]
[[Category:Ancestors of the Ishmaelites]]
[[Category:Biblical patriarchs]]
[[Category:Biblical people]]
[[Category:Book of Genesis people]]
[[Category:Characters in the Divine Comedy]]
[[Category:Christian saints from the Old Testament]]
[[Category:Founders of religions]]
[[Category:Heroes in mythology and legend]]
[[Category:Lech-Lecha]]
[[Category:People from Harran]]
[[Category:Prophets in the Druze faith]]
[[Category:Sumerian people]]
[[Category:Ur of the Chaldees]]
[[Category:Vayeira]]

Bir Hambir (film)

2026-03-07T06:45:50Z

JovitaMcClinton: new the data more to come.

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bir Hambir
| image = Bir Hambir (film).jpeg
| caption =
| director = Shyam Das
| writer = Kanailal Seal
| screenplay = [[Nitai Bhattacharya]]
| producer = I.N.A Pictures
| based_on = [[Bir Hambir]]
| starring = [[Manju Dey]] [[Kamal Mitra]] [[Bhanu Bandyopadhyay]]
| music = Chitta Ray, Pranab Ray (Lyrics)
| cinematography = G. K. Mehta
| editing = Shyam Das, Shibsadhan Bhattacharya
| released = {{Film date|1955|06|03|df=yes}}
| studio =
| distributor = Deluxe Film Distributors
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
}}
'''Bir Hambir''' is a 1955 Bengali-language Indian film directed by Shyam Das. Its story and screenplay were written by Kanailal Seal & Nitai Bhattacharya. The film's music was composed by Chitta Ray.<ref name="BFA">{{cite web |url=https://www.bengalfilmarchive.com/filmography-details.php?t=NjM3|title=Bir Hambir |website=Bengal Film Archive}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bir Hambir (1955) |url=https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/bir-hambir-1955-bengali-movie |website=FilmiClub }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
The film was released on 3 June 1955.<ref name="BFA"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema |date=10 July 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-94318-9 |pages=206 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Manju Dey]]
* Arunprakash
* [[Mitra Biswas]]
* [[Ahindra Choudhury]]
* [[Kamal Mitra]]
* [[Kanu Bandyopadhyay]]
* [[Bhanu Bandyopadhyay]]
* [[Pahari Sanyal]]
* [[Nilima Das]]
* [[Nitish Mukhopadhyay]]
* [[Utpal Dutt]]
* [[Bibhu Bhattacharya]]
* [[Santosh Singha]]

==Music==
The music for the film Bir Hambir was composed by Chitta Ray. The lyrics were written by Pranab Ray.{{fact|date=February 2025}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt35257712}}

[[Category:1955 films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1955 Bengali-language films]]

Manoj Manzil

2026-03-06T21:36:59Z

JovitaMcClinton: minor edit

{{short description|Indian politician (born c. 1984)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Manoj Manzil
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{circa|{{Birth year and age|1984}}}}
| birth_place = [[Tarari, Bihar]], India
| residence = Tarari, Bihar
| death_date =
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Liberation)]]
| occupation =
| birth_name = Manoj Kumar
| office = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Agiaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Agiaon]]
| office2 = National President of [[Revolutionary Youth Association|RYA]]
| term_start2 = 2018
| term_end2 =
| predecessor = Prabhunath Prasad
| termstart = 16 November 2020
| termend = 18 February 2024
| successor = [[Shiv Prakash Ranjan]]
}}

'''Manoj Manzil''' is an Indian politician from [[Bihar]]. He represented the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|CPIML Liberation]] in Tejashwi Yadav's [[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)|Mahagathbandhan]] alliance during the [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Aditya |date=2020-11-09 |title=Bihar Election Results: CPI(ML) Could Be Surprise Package in MGB |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/cpi-ml-mahagathbandhan-tejashwi-yadav-left-parties-bihar-election-results |access-date=2020-11-10 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-16 |title=Bihar Elections: Dalits Say ‘No Hope for Achhe Din,’ Anti-Nitish Sentiment on Rise |url=https://www.newsclick.in/Bihar-no-hope-for-achhe-din-for-BJP |access-date=2020-11-10 |website=NewsClick |language=en}}</ref> Manzil has concentrated his political activity in [[Agiaon]] and has been organizing the Sadak Par School Movement in [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sadak Par School: A Children's Uprising in Bhojpur Against Bihar's Failing Education System |url=https://thewire.in/education/a-childrens-uprising-in-bhojpur-against-bihars-failing-education-system |access-date=2021-01-24 |website=The Wire}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> He received 84,777 votes, 61.51% of total vote share, and was elected as the MLA from [[Agiaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Agiaon]] in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ACTRENDS2020/ConstituencywiseS04195.htm?ac=195|access-date=2020-11-10 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>

== History ==
Manzil was born in 1984 or 1985 to a family of landless [[Dalit]] labourers and brick kiln workers. His father was a cadre of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|CPI(ML)]] and his uncle spent his life as part of the [[Jayaprakash Narayan|Jay Prakash movement]].

He managed to get into college in Arrah and taught students to make ends meet but was forced to drop out several times. He eventually became a Left activist. In 2015, he contested the elections from Agiaon as a CPI(ML)-L candidate but was jailed and came in third place.<ref name=":1" />

In 2018, he organized the ''Sadak Par School'' movement in [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur]] district, where he and other cadres would teach students on the road to protest abysmal primary schooling in rural Bihar. The movement gained significant media attention and in response the government made several school reforms.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-18 |title=Bihar Dalit firebrand and disqualified CPI-ML (Liberation) MLA known for ‘Sadak Pe School’ campaign: Who is Manoj Manzil? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/bihar-dalit-disqualified-cpi-ml-liberation-mla-sadak-pe-school-campaign-manoj-manzil-9167764/ |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In 2020, he contested the elections again and won a majority.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2020-11-13 |title=Was Always Thrown in Jails Ahead of Bihar Polls, Says Manoj Manzil, the Debutant Dalit CPI(ML) MLA |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/ahead-of-bihar-polls-was-always-thrown-in-jails-says-manoj-manzil-the-debutant-dalit-cpiml-mla-3076037.html |access-date=2021-01-24 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Conviction ==
Manoj Manzil along with 22 others were sentenced to [[life imprisonment]] in a case relating to the murder of JP Singh during the [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhelari |first=Amit |date=2024-02-13 |title=Life imprisonment for Bihar MLA in murder case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/life-imprisonment-for-bihar-mla-in-murder-case/article67841588.ece |access-date=2024-06-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manzil, Manoj}}
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation politicians]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Indian communists]]
[[Category:Criminals from Bihar]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment]]
[[Category:Indian politicians convicted of murder]]
[[Category:Indian people convicted of murder]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian murderers]]
[[Category:Indian politicians convicted of crimes]]
[[Category:Indian politicians disqualified from office]]
[[Category:People convicted of murder by India]]
[[Category:Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by India]]

{{CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}

Moggina Jade

2026-03-05T18:39:53Z

JovitaMcClinton: New a entry

{{short description|Indian drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Moggina Jade
| image = Moggina Jade.jpg
| alt =
| caption = DVD cover
| native_name = 
| director = Ramadas Naidu
| writer = Ramadas Naidu
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Ramadas Naidu Beerappa
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Baby Shrisha
*[[Aniruddha Sastry]]
*[[Pavitra Lokesh]]
*[[Rajesh Nataranga]]
*Sringeri Ramanna
*Malathishree
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = S Ramachandra
| editing = Thulasi Kishore
| music = [[L. Vaidyanathan]]
| studio = Naidu Studio Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2007|||festivals|2008|4|18}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Moggina Jade''''' ({{Translation|Plaited [[buds]]/[[jasmine]] plait}})<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/archives/re-live-your-childhood-memories-2513918|title=Re-live your childhood memories|date=10 September 2010|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=4 October 2024}}</ref> is a 2008 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[drama film]] directed by Ramadas Naidu starring Baby Shrisha, [[Aniruddha Sastry]], [[Pavitra Lokesh]], [[Rajesh Nataranga]], Sringeri Ramanna and Malathishree.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2007/nov/20sd8.htm|title=South flavour at international film fest|work=[[Rediff.com]]|first1=Shobha|last1=Warrier|author1-link=Shobha Warrier|first2=R. G.|last2=Vijayasarathy|author2-link=R. G. Vijayasarathy|date=20 November 2007|access-date=4 October 2024|archive-date=4 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004170504/https://m.rediff.com/movies/2007/nov/20sd8.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

The film was screened at the Indian Panorama section of the [[International Film Festival of India]] and the [[International Children's Film Festival India|International Children's Film Festival]] in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/umashree-puneet-bag-state-awards/articleshow/3965473.cms|title=Umashree, Puneet bag state awards|date=12 January 2009|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=4 October 2024|archive-date=4 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004170504/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/umashree-puneet-bag-state-awards/articleshow/3965473.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="R">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/ssjade/20080428.htm|title=Moggina Jade is not impressive|first=R. G.|last=Vijaysarathy|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=28 April 2008|access-date=4 October 2004|archive-date=4 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004170505/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/ssjade/20080428.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Plot==
''Moggina Jade'', which is a plaited [[jasmine]] braided hair extension, is traditionally worn by small girls in [[Southern Karnataka]]. Priya is denied her jasmine braid since her mother Rekha is modern and against Priya wearing it. Although her father Raghavendra was traditional, he changed after marrying Rekha. Her paternal grandmother Sarasamma hands the jasmine braid to her son Raghavendra, but the maid Nagarathna ends up getting it. Priya ends up getting isolated from her family and befriends a gypsy she meets on the road. How her family finds her and allows her to wear the jasmine braid forms the rest of the story.<ref name="R"/>

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*Baby Shrisha as Priya
*[[Aniruddha Sastry]] as Sashi (credited as Master Aniruddh)
*[[Pavitra Lokesh]] as Rekha
*[[Rajesh Nataranga]] as Raghavendra
*Sringeri Ramanna as Srikantaiah
*Malathishree as Sarasamma
*Shailaja Joshi
*[[Aruna Balraj]]
}}

== Release and reception ==
Along with ''[[Gulabi Talkies]]'' (2008), the film was only released in film festivals and did not have a theatrical release.<ref name="B">{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/art-scores-over-popularity/articleshow/22247102.cms|title=Art scovers over popualrity|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=12 January 2009|access-date=4 October 2004|archive-date=4 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004170506/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/art-scores-over-popularity/articleshow/22247102.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[R. G. Vijayasarathy]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' rated the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "''Moggina Jade'' is a film for those who want to see artistic films. But this is not a patch on Naidu's previous film, ''[[Mussanje]]'', a classic".<ref name="R"/>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Event
!Category
!Recipient
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="3"|[[2007–08 Karnataka State Film Awards]]
| [[Karnataka State Film Award for Second Best Film|Second Best Film]] || ''Moggina Jade''
|rowspan="3"|<ref name="B"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2009/Jan/12/puneet-umashree-chosen-best-actor-and-actress-17365.html|title=Puneet, Umashree chosen best actor and actress|date=15 May 2012|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=4 October 2024|archive-date=4 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004170505/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2009/Jan/12/puneet-umashree-chosen-best-actor-and-actress-17365.html|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kannadastore.com/moggina-jade-2008-fascination-dvd-award-winning-p-6702.html|title=Moggina Jade - 2008 (Fascination) DVD (Award Winning), Kannada Store Kannada DVD Buy DVD, VCD, Blu-ray, Audio CD, MP3 CD, Books, Free Shipping|website=www.kannadastore.com|access-date=2024-10-04|archive-date=2019-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615004010/https://www.kannadastore.com/moggina-jade-2008-fascination-dvd-award-winning-p-6702.html|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/films-with-social-impact-chosen/articleshow/3965118.cms|title=Films with social impact chosen|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 January 2009|access-date=4 October 2024|archive-date=4 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004170506/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/films-with-social-impact-chosen/articleshow/3965118.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]] || Ramadas Naidu
|-
| [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] || [[Rajesh Nataranga]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|14254494}}

[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2007 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2007 Indian films]]

Anna Nagar

2026-03-04T17:24:05Z

JovitaMcClinton: add section also and corrected details for consistency

{{Short description|Neighbourhood in Chennai district, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{About||the constituency|Anna Nagar (State Assembly Constituency)|the neighbourhood in Tiruchirappalli|Anna Nagar, Tiruchirappalli}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Anna Nagar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Naduvankarai
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| image_skyline = Anna Nagar Tower Park From Entrance 20Jan2013.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Anna Nagar Tower Park in the neighbourhood
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Anna Nagar
| pushpin_map = India Chennai#Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Anna Nagar (Chennai)
| coordinates = {{coord|13.085000|N|80.210100|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = Metro
| subdivision_type4 = [[List of Chennai Corporation zones|Zone]]
| subdivision_type5 = Ward
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_name2 = Chennai
| subdivision_name3 = Chennai
| subdivision_name4 = Anna Nagar
| subdivision_name5 = 100-102
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for = [[Arignar Anna]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 5
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 33
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = TN 02 (Chennai North West)
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha|Parliamentary]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Chennai Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Central Chennai]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Assembly]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[Anna Nagar Assembly constituency|Anna Nagar]]
| blank3_name_sec2 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank3_info_sec2 = [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority|CMDA]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Member of parliament|MP]]
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Dayanidhi Maran]], [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| blank5_info_sec1 = [[M. K. Mohan]], [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
| official_name =
}}

'''Anna Nagar''' (formerly known as '''Naduvakkarai'''),<ref>{{Cite news |title=Naduvakkarai Nostalgia |work=[[The Hindu]] |first=M. J. |last=Krishna |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/13/stories/2003031300740300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040717170419/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/13/stories/2003031300740300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 July 2004 |date=13 March 2003 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> is a neighbourhood in the metropolitan city of [[Chennai]], [[India]]. Named after former [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[C. N. Annadurai]], it is located in the north-western part of Chennai and forms a part of the [[Aminjikarai taluk]] and the [[List of Chennai Corporation wards|Anna Nagar Zone]]. It is one of the costliest and most sought after prime areas in Chennai and is home to several prominent doctors, civil officers, actors, lawyers and politicians. Real estate prices are among the highest in the city.<ref>{{cite news |title=5 reasons Anna Nagar can be your locality of choice |newspaper=The Hindu |location=Chennai |publisher=Kasturi & Sons |date=26 November 2017 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/real-estate/5-reasons-anna-nagar-can-be-your-locality-of-choice/article20671204.ece |access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref> A recent addition to the area is [[VR Chennai Mall]], located near Shanthi Colony and Thirumangalam junction.

Anna Nagar is the first and the only neighbourhood in Chennai to follow a standard addressing system followed in the [[western world]]. One of the primary landmarks in Anna Nagar is the [[Anna Nagar Tower]], built in 1968 as part of the World Trade Fair. Other important locations include the Anna Arch, Chinthamani, Blue Star, 14 shops, Shanthi Colony, Thirumangalam junction, [[Padi grade separator]], Anna Nagar East, and the Anna Nagar West bus depot.

Anna Nagar has several established schools and colleges, places of worship, shopping areas with both independent shops and [[chain store]]s, and numerous restaurants. The 2nd avenue is an arterial road in Anna Nagar which has emerged as a hub for several restaurants and shops. There are also a number of midsize hospitals and nursing homes catering to the local population.

== History ==
[[File:Anna Nagar, 1972.jpg|thumb|350px|left|Anna Nagar in 1972]]
Anna Nagar originated as a suburban village called Naduvakkarai. It was called Mullam Village.

Anna Nagar was developed by the [[Tamil Nadu Housing Board]] in the early 1970s following the World Trade Fair in the area in 1968.<ref>{{cite web |title=Structure of Chennai |work=Chapter 1 |publisher=CMDA |url=http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/Volume3_English_PDF/Vol3_Chapter01_Structure%20of%20Chennai.pdf |access-date=24 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826201439/http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/Volume3_English_PDF/Vol3_Chapter01_Structure%20of%20Chennai.pdf |archive-date=26 August 2013}}</ref> The board developed residential plots, apartments, commercial complexes, wide roads, school zones, [[bus terminus]], and large parks.

== Geography ==
As of 2018, Anna Nagar zone had a green cover of more than 20 percent, as against the city's 14.9 percent average.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lopez |first=Aloysius Xavier |title=A Rs. 228-cr. project to take city's green cover to 20% |newspaper=The Hindu |location=Chennai |pages=4 |publisher=Kasturi & Sons |date=31 August 2018 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/a-228-cr-project-to-take-citys-green-cover-to-20/article24824653.ece |access-date=2 September 2018}}</ref>

== Religion ==
[[File:AnnaNagarAyyappan FacingTheSanctum.JPG|thumb|Ayyapan Temple]]
Several prominent temples, churches and mosques are located in Anna Nagar.

=== Temples ===
* Thirumani Amman Temple
* Shyam Mandir
* Balamurugan Temple
* [[Anna Nagar Ayyappan Koil, Chennai|Anna Nagar Ayyappa Temple]]
* Chandra Mouleeshwarar Thirukovil
* Arulmiga Mahakali Amman Temple
* Srinivasa Temple
* "Sai Sahara Samithi" - Sri Sathya Sai
* Siru Tirupathi – Perumal Temple
* Vetri Vinayagar Temple
* Sri Vallabha Viyanagar Temple

=== Churches ===
* St. Luke's Church
* Shrine Of Divine Mercy
* Assembly Of God Church
* Don Bosco Shrine Centre
* Don Bosco Church
* CSI Redeemer Church Pastorate
* St. Thomas Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church
* The Pentecostal Mission.

=== Mosques ===
* Masjid Javeed Pallivasal
* Masjid Thaqwa
* Madina Masjid
* Masjid Ul Jannah
* Masjid E Noor
* Masjid E Rahmaniah Villivakkam
* Masjid E Noor
* Masjid Al Noorul Madrasa

== Education ==
* Chinmaya Vidyalaya
* Jaigopal Garodia Vivekananda Vidyalaya
* Chennai Public School
* [[SBOA School & Junior College]]
* [[Valliammal Matriculation Higher Secondary School]]
* CSI Jessie Moses Matriculation Higher Secondary School
* Shri Krishnaswamy Matriculation Higher Secondary School
* Anna Adarsh Matriculation Higher Secondary School
* [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]]
* Aachi Global School<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 January 2021 |title=Aachi Global School – Imparting Global Values on Indian Roots |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/express-connect/2020/Dec/30/aachi-global-school-imparting-global-values-on-indian-roots-2243205.html |access-date=23 January 2024 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Landmarks ==
=== Anna arch ===
{{Main|Anna Nagar twin arches}}
[[File:Anna Arch Removing.JPG|thumb|upright|left|Anna Arch]]
A large twin arch called the [[Anna Nagar twin arches|Anna arch]] marks the entrance of the southern part of Anna Nagar on the Third Avenue, which was built in 1985 by the Corporation of Chennai at a cost of Rs. 1.2 million to commemorate the platinum jubilee celebrations of former chief minister [[C. N. Annadurai]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Anna Arch refuses to give in |location=Chennai |work=The Hindu |date=3 September 2012 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3851578.ece}}</ref> when Anna Nagar was still a developing area. It was inaugurated by the then chief minister of Tamil Nadu, [[M. G. Ramachandran]] on 1 January 1986.<ref>{{cite news |title=Flyover plan revised to give Anna Arch new lease of life |location=Chennai |work=The Hindu |date=6 September 2012 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3863252.ece}}</ref> Each arch stands 52 ft tall and weighs 82 tonnes.<ref name="One India Tamil-2012">{{cite news |title=சென்னை அண்ணா நகர் ஆர்ச்சை இடிக்கும் பணிக்கு முதல்வர் ஜெயலலிதா தடை |newspaper=One India Tamil |location=Chennai |language=ta |publisher=One India |date=5 September 2012 |url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2012/09/05/tamilnadu-jaya-orders-stop-demolish-anna-arch-160882.html}}</ref> The road from the arch leads to the roundtana ([[roundabout]]) which is a major landmark and for all practical purposes, the centre of Anna Nagar.

In 2012, the arch was proposed to be demolished to leave way for a flyover that was planned to connect Anna Nagar with Aminjikarai. Demolition work began on 2 September 2012. However, the alignment of the flyover was modified slightly to prevent the removal of the arch, and the arch was restored<ref name="One India Tamil-2012" /> at a cost of {{INR}} 6.4 million.<ref>{{cite news |last=H. Ramakrishnan |first=Deepa |title=New alignment approved for flyover near Anna Arch |newspaper=The Hindu |location=Chennai |date=1 January 2013 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/new-alignment-approved-for-flyover-near-anna-arch/article4259882.ece}}</ref>

=== Anna Nagar Tower ===
{{Main|Anna Nagar Tower Park}}
[[File:Annanagar Tower.jpg|thumb|upright|Anna Nagar Tower]]
The [[Anna Nagar Tower]] is a {{convert|138|ft|m}} tall tower built for the 1968 World Trade Fair, by [[B. S. Abdur Rahman]]. Its main entrance is from the 3rd Main Road and a back entrance from the 6th main road. It is popular with morning walkers and joggers, and with families and young people in the evenings to play and relax. For a nominal fee, one could walk to the top of the tower from where excellent views of the city could be seen. Entry inside the tower has been stopped for the last few years due to safety concerns as there had been a few cases of suicide in the past. The tower and park are now renovated and has a skating rink. Currently, it boasts of a good turnout of children who come in for practising their skills on roller skates. There is also a group of regulars who practice [[silambattam]] – an ancient [[Tamil martial art]] form – here. From atop the tower one can have a panoramic views, and the rapidly changing skyline of the city can be appreciated.

== Transport ==

=== Road ===
Anna Nagar has two bus termini, [[Anna Nagar West]] and Anna Nagar East. The East terminus is located near Anna Nagar Roundtana while the West terminus is situated on the [[Inner Ring Road, Chennai|Inner Ring Road]]. The West terminus is one of the largest bus terminuses in the city. Buses to different parts of the city beginning from the West Terminus.

The roads in Anna Nagar are designed based on a matrix structure similar to roads in developed countries in the [[western world]]; all the roads are laid parallel and perpendicular to each other. In addition, a standardized naming nomenclature is adopted. In Anna Nagar, 2nd, 4th and 6th Avenues run east–west and 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th Avenues run North South. All the streets are interconnected to these avenues. Areas expanded after the formation of the initial 1970 layouts do not follow the standard nomenclature. Auto rickshaws and share autos are also available connecting Anna Nagar to different parts of the city.

=== Anna Nagar Roundtana ===
The Anna Nagar Roundtana located at the intersection of 2nd avenue and 3rd avenue is a sprawling and burgeoning high-scale commercial neighborhood. This was initially developed for the Madras EXPO during the 1970s and was named "Round Turn Over", whose name has colloquially changed to "Roundtana" with the use of Tamil language. It has a wide variety of markets and showrooms in the vicinity such as Croma, [[Tanishq]], [[Bata Corporation|Bata]], etc. and thus is a very important landmark for shoppers.

=== Railway ===
The [[Anna Nagar railway station]] was inaugurated in the year 2003. It is located on the Thirumangalam road, a road that connects Anna Nagar West with [[Villivakkam]]. The railway line stretches for 3.09 kilometers and links Anna Nagar with the [[West Line, Chennai Suburban|Tiruvallur-Chennai]] suburban line. Between 2003 and 2007, five suburban trains were operated from Anna Nagar to [[Chennai Beach railway station|Chennai Beach]] via [[Villivakkam railway station|Villivakkam]]. The station was closed in 2007 for the construction of the [[Padi Junction|Padi elevated rotary]]. However, after the completion of the rotary in 2009, the station remained closed owing to its low patronage. There were plans to reopen the station in 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Train-service-from-Anna-Nagar-to-resume/articleshow/7518360.cms |date=18 February 2011 |newspaper=The Times of India |title=Train service from Anna Nagar to resume |first=V |last=Ayyappan}}</ref> None of them materialised, however.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-downtown/padi-and-anna-nagar-wait-for-rail-link/article4615682.ece |date=14 April 2013 |first=T. |last=Madhavan |work=The Hindu |title=Padi and Anna Nagar wait for rail link |access-date=5 June 2018}}</ref>

=== Metro ===
Anna Nagar metro was inaugurated and started on 14 May 2017. It is the most convenient form of transportation and connects every part of the city. Three underground metro stations, two in Anna Nagar and one in Anna Nagar East, which form a part of the phase 1 metro project. Anna Nagar has 2 metro stations: [[Anna Nagar Tower metro station]] and [[Anna Nagar East metro station]]. Both of these metro stations are underground. They are well managed and maintained. These metro stations have 2 platforms, and their trains have different sections for women specially. These stations have 4 entry and exit points, which makes it accessible in all possible ways.

== Politics ==
[[Anna Nagar (State Assembly Constituency)]] is part of [[Chennai Central (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=11 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031131000/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf |archive-date=31 October 2008}} List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies; 2008-10-08, Tamil Nadu, Election Commission of India</ref>

== 1968 Indian International Trade and Industries Fair ==
The 1968 Indian International Trade and Industries Fair in Anna Nagar was a significant event that showcased India's industrial development after independence. Assembled by the All India Manufacturers Organisation (AIMO), it was planned to be the largest international trade fair in Asia. The fair was initially scheduled to open in 1967 but was pulled back due to political events such as the [[1967 Indian general election in Madras State|1967 Indian general election]] in [[Chennai]].<ref name="migrator-2020">{{Cite web |last=migrator |date=13 September 2020 |title=Those were the days: The international trade fair of 1968 |url=https://www.dtnext.in/city/2020/09/13/those-were-the-days-the-international-trade-fair-of-1968 |access-date=28 February 2025 |website=dtnext.in |language=en}}</ref>

The fair was inaugurated by [[Vice President of India]] [[V. V. Giri|VV Giri]], who lit up a neon sign over the parabolic arch. In spite of the language tensions in the south, the fair went ahead with participation from eleven ministries, 23 public sector companies and private sector industries. The foreign participants were mainly from the East European Communist bloc countries led by the [[U.S.S.R.|USSR]].<ref name="migrator-2020" />

It featured the [[Anna Nagar Tower Park|Anna Nagar Tower]] and seven concrete parabolic arches that astonished visitors with their gravity-defying design. The fair played a crucial role in bringing Anna Nagar into focus and transforming it into a prestigious habitation in Chennai.<ref name="migrator-2020" />

== Location in context ==
{{Geographic Location
| title = Areas of Chennai
| Northwest = [[Padi, Chennai|Padi]] / [[Korattur]]
| North = [[Villivakkam]]
| Northeast = [[Ayanavaram]]
| West = [[Thirumangalam, Chennai|Thirumangalam]] / [[Mogappair]] / [[Anna Nagar West]]
| Centre = Anna Nagar
| East = [[Kilpauk]]
| Southwest = [[Koyambedu]]
| South = [[Arumbakkam]]
| Southeast = [[Shenoy Nagar]] / [[Aminjikarai]]
}}

== References ==
{{Portal|India}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Neighborhoods of Chennai}}
{{Areas of Chennai}}
{{Chennai district}}
{{Chennai topics}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Chennai]]
[[Category:Memorials to C. N. Annadurai]]

Mari Kannu Hori Myage

2026-03-03T22:05:36Z

JovitaMcClinton: fixed article further and cleaned formatting for clarity

{{short description|1998 Kannada comedy film directed by Kumar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= August 2019}}{{Use Indian English|date= August 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mari Kannu Hori Myage
| image = Marikannu.jpg
| caption =
| director = Kumar
| producer = {{plainlist|
*K. C. Nagamani
*A. Keshava
*A. Narasimha
*Keshava Prasad
*Yashodha Prasad
}}
| writer = Kumar Ra Prakash Thrishuli
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Jaggesh]]
*[[Archana (Kannada actress)|Archana]]
*Utthara
*[[Dheerendra Gopal]]
}}
| music = [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| editing = T. Shashikumar
| cinematography = [[Sundarnath Suvarna]]
| studio = Best Films
| released = {{Film date|1998|09|04|df=yes}}
| runtime = 133 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}
'''''Mari Kannu Hori Myage''''' also spelled as '''''Maari Kannu Hori Myaage''''' ({{translation|Maari's eyes are on the Bull}}) is a 1998 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[comedy film]] starring [[Jaggesh]], [[Archana (Kannada actress)|Archana]], Utthara and [[Dheerendra Gopal]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mari Kannu Hori Myage 1998 film|url=https://www.moviebuff.com/maari-kannu-hori-myage|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> The film edited by T. Shashikumar has soundtrack scored by Rajesh Ramanath and cinematography handled by [[Sundarnath Suvarna]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mari Kannu Hori Myage|url=https://www.cinebee.in/mari-kannu-hori-myage-movie-rating-critics-review/score/45870687276444032|last=cinebee|website=cinebee.in|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/2013/09/05/marikannu-horimyage-1998/|access-date=23 December 2019|date=5 September 2013|first=|last=|website=wordpress.com|title=Mari Kannu Hori Myage details}}</ref> The film upon release met with positive reception.

The film written and directed by Kumar was named after a famous track from the Kannada film [[A (1998 Kannada film)|A]] released in the same year. The movie humorously deals with the troubles of a man from a middle-class family who becomes the victim of a slight misunderstanding.

== Cast ==
* [[Jaggesh]] as Vaikunta, Annaiah's elder son
* [[Archana (Kannada actress)|Archana]] as Soundarya
* Utthara
* [[Dheerendra Gopal]] as Annaiah
* [[Tennis Krishna]] as Kailasa, Annaiah's Second Son
* Papamma
* [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]]
* [[Honnavalli Krishna]]
* [[M. S. Umesh]]
* [[Bank Janardhan]]
* Kote Prabhakar as Prabhakar
* Venkatesh
* Reena
* Ravi
* [[Sindhu Menon]] as Annaiah's daughter
* [[Mithun Tejasvi]]

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Mari Kannu Hori Myage
| type = Soundtrack
| genre = [[Filmi]]
| artist = [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| recorded =
| released = 1998
| language = Kannada
| length = 25:30
| label = [[Lahari Music]]
| prev_title = Baro Nanna Muddina Krishna
| prev_year = 1998
| next_title = [[Veerappa Nayaka]]
| next_year = 1999
}}
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! No.
! Track
! Singers
! Lyrics
! Length
|-
|1.
|Matthade Besara Ade Sanje
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Sowmya Raoh]]
|K. S. Nissar Ahmad
|2:53
|-
| 2.
| Brahmange Thalkettu
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| Prakash Thrishuli
| 3:44
|-
| 3.
| Love Madutthenatha
| Rajesh Krishnan Soumya Raoh
| Prakash Thrishuli
| 4:32
|-
| 4.
| Podeyali Kedige
| Soumya Raoh
| Prakash Thrishuli
| 4:57
|-
| 5.
| Henda Sarayi Thanni
| B. Jayashree
| Bhangi Ranga
| 4:52
|-
| 6.
| Shishira Shinchana Ee Prema
| Badari Prasad [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
| Prakash Thrishuli
| 4:27
|}
<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mari Kannu Hori Myage songs|access-date=23 December 2019|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/maari-kannu-hori-myage-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1161409383|last=itunes|website=music.apple.com}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Srikanth Srinivasa of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' felt the audience would fail to understand what director Kumar "is trying to convey" with this film. He added, "Kumar, in trying to be different, has neither made good use of the story at his disposal nor has he capitalised on Jaggesh's screen presence, leaving the audience totally at sea." About the acting performances, he wrote, ""Jaggesh is as usual in his element... Uttara has nothing much to do. Dhirendra Gopal is wasted. The dialogues are loud, vulgar and unparliamentary. Papamma is a delight, though her dialogues are atrocious."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Srinivasa |first1=Srikanth |title=Maari Kannu Hori Myage (Kannada) |url=http://deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sept06/enter.htm |publisher=Deccan Herald |access-date=30 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981206150056/http://deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sept06/enter.htm |archive-date=6 December 1998 |date=6 September 1998}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Tharle Nan Maga|Tarle Nan Maga]]
*[[Jagath Kiladi]]
*[[Melkote Manja]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1998 films]]
[[Category:1998 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Kannada-language comedy films]]
[[Category:1998 comedy films]]
[[Category:1998 Indian films]]

{{1990s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Radha Kalyanam (1981 film)

2026-03-03T20:15:35Z

JovitaMcClinton: further updated structure as per guidelines and improved wording per sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Radha Kalyanam 1981 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Bapu (director)|Bapu]]
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Andha 7 Naatkal]]''|[[K. Bhagyaraj]]}}
| producer =
| screenplay = [[Mullapudi Venkata Ramana]]
| narrator =
| starring = [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] [[Sarath Babu]]
| music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = [[Saradhi Studios]]
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|1981|12|3|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
}}

'''''Radha Kalyanam''''' ({{translation|Radha's wedding}}) is a 1981 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic drama film]] written by [[Mullapudi Venkata Ramana]] and directed by [[Bapu (director)|Bapu]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanchibhotla |first=Srinivas |title=Radha Kalyanam |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/nosta/jewels/radhakalyanam.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125191648/http://www.idlebrain.com/nosta/jewels/radhakalyanam.html |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=19 August 2021 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref> It is a remake of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Andha 7 Naatkal]]'' (1981) directed by [[K. Bhagyaraj]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |pages=55 |author-link1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |author-link2=Paul Willemen |orig-date=1994}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sri |date=12 June 2010 |title=K.Bhaagya Raj – Chitchat |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/interview_bhagyaraj_2010_2.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231103207/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/interview_bhagyaraj_2010_2.php |archive-date=31 December 2010 |access-date=19 August 2021 |website=[[Telugucinema.com]] |page=2}}</ref> The film stars [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]], [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] and [[Sarath Babu]]. It was released on 3 December 1981.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Radha Kalyanam |url=https://indiancine.ma/WAG/info |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230115155213/https://indiancine.ma/WAG/info |archive-date=15 January 2023 |access-date=19 August 2021 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> Bapu went on to direct the Hindi version titled ''[[Woh Saat Din]]'' in 1983.

== Plot ==
The movie is a triangle love story between the lover, the heroine and her husband. Radha (Radhika) is a typical girl from a lower-middle-class family. She falls deeply in love with the new tenant upstairs, Palghat Madhavan (Chandramohan). Madhavan aspires to be a great music director, but struggles to get by. He is attracted to Radha.

Dr. Anand (Sarath Babu), a widower, is forced to marry Radha to fulfill the wish of his dying mother. He fully intends to keep his promise of returning Radha to her rightful owner and partner, Madhavan, after hearing Radha's reason behind attempting suicide on their first night. Events lead to conflict in her mind between the husband and lover. Whom should Radha choose and why?

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Palghat Madhavan
* [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] as Radha
* [[Sarath Babu]] as Dr. Anand
* [[Kantha Rao|Kanta Rao]]
* [[Raavi Kondala Rao]]
* [[Pushpalatha|Pushpalata]]
* [[Sakshi Ranga Rao]]
* Radhabai
* [[Master Haja Sheriff]] as Gopi
}}

== Production ==
Bhagyaraj's then wife [[Praveena Bhagyaraj|Praveena]] initially wanted him to reprise his role from the original film, but he decided against doing so due to his lack of fluency in Telugu; the role went to Chandra Mohan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shridharan |first=J. R. |date=16 January 2017 |title=Making Telugu film is Bhagyaraj's dream |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/Making-Telugu-film-is-Bhagyaraj%E2%80%99s-dream/article17042042.ece |url-status=live |access-date=19 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819080753/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/Making-Telugu-film-is-Bhagyaraj%E2%80%99s-dream/article17042042.ece |archive-date=19 August 2021}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Radha Kalyanam (1981) |url=https://mio.to/album/Radha+Kalyanam+%281981%29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416000658/https://mio.to/album/Radha+Kalyanam+%281981%29 |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=11 March 2022 |website=Music India Online |language=en}}</ref>
* "Bangaru Bala Pichuka" -
* "Chetiki Gajulla" – [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Jyothirmayi
* "Kalanaina Kshanamaina" - P, Susheela, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
* "Palaghat Madhavan" -
* "Yemmogudo" -
* "chittikeyave chinadaa" - P. Susheela, S.P. Balasubrahmanyam
*"chittikeya" - P. Susheela, S.P. Balasubrahmanyam

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0155996}}

{{Bapu (film director)}}

[[Category:1981 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1981 films]]
[[Category:1981 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Bapu]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:1981 Indian films]]

Missamma (2003 film)

2026-03-03T18:08:35Z

JovitaMcClinton: fixed issues

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Missamma
| image = Missamma 2003.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[G. Neelakanta Reddy|Neelakanta]]
| producer = Satyanarayana B
| writer = Neelakanta
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Bhumika Chawla|Bhumika]]
*[[Sivaji (Telugu actor)|Sivaji]]
*[[Laya (actress)|Laya]]
}}
| cinematography = Jawahar Reddy
| editing = Nagireddy
| music = [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| studio = Satyam Entertainment
| released = {{Film date|2003|11|28|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| language = Telugu
| country = India
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Missamma''''' ({{translation|Miss madam}}) is a 2003 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language film written and directed by [[G. Neelakanta Reddy|Neelakanta]]. The film stars [[Bhumika Chawla|Bhumika]], [[Sivaji (Telugu actor)|Sivaji]], and [[Laya (actress)|Laya]].<ref>[http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-missamma.html Movie review: Missamma]. Retrieved 2 October 2016.</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=Missamma review: Missamma (Telugu) Movie Review - fullhyd.com | url=https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/missamma/telugu/missamma-movie-reviews-1137-2.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425014639/http://movies.fullhyderabad.com:80/missamma/telugu/missamma-movie-reviews-1137-2.html | access-date=2025-07-12 | archive-date=2013-04-25}}</ref> The film won four [[Nandi Awards]] including the [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film]]. It was remade in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Namaste Madam]]'' (2014).

==Plot==
Nanda Gopal, an efficient professional, works for a business corporation; to gain a promotion, he tries to impress his boss, Meghana, but ends up losing his job; Meghana promises Nanda Gopal that she will retain him if he passes few tests.

==Cast==
*[[Bhumika Chawla|Bhumika]] as Meghana (Voice dubbed by [[Savitha Reddy]])
*[[Sivaji (Telugu actor)|Sivaji]] as Nanda Gopal
*[[Laya (actress)|Laya]] as Ratnamala
*[[Sarath Babu]] as Meghana's uncle
*[[Tanikella Bharani]] as Nanda Gopal's neighbor
*[[L. B. Sriram]] as Ratnamala's father
*[[M. S. Narayana]] as Office staff
*[[Anshu Ambani|Anshu]] as Deepika (in a guest appearance)

==Music==
The music director for the film is Vandemataram Srinivas.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/chords-notes/article28457870.ece | title=Chords & Notes|date=1 December 2003 | accessdate=31 January 2012|work=The Hindu}}</ref>
{{tracklist
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 28.36
| title1 = Nuvvala Jilibili Guvvala
| extra1 = [[Udit Narayan]], [[Singer Usha|Usha]]
| length1 = 3:43
| title2 = Ney Padithey Lokamey Padadha
| extra2 = [[Vasundhara Das]]
| length2 = 4:23
| title3 = Aakasaniki Aasala Nichena
| extra3 = Ramdas
| length3 = 3:06
| title4 = Entha Sukhamidho
| extra4 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length4 = 4:33
| title5 = Andala Gummaro Aa Bapu Bommaro
| extra5 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], Nishma
| length5 = 3:53
| title6 = Missamma Tune
| extra6 = S P Balasubramaniam
| length6 = 4:13
| title7 = Missamma 2
| extra7 =
| length7 = 4:08
| title8 =Theme Music
| extra8 =
| length8 =1:57
}}

==Awards==
'''[[Nandi Awards]]'''<ref>[http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/nandiawards2003.html Nandi Awards 2003]. Retrieved 2 October 2016.</ref>
*[[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film - Gold]] – B Satyanarayana
*[[Nandi Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] – [[Bhumika Chawla|Bhumika]]
*[[Nandi Award for Best Screenplay Writer|Best Screenplay Writer]] – [[G. Neelakanta Reddy|Neelakanta]]
*[[Nandi Award for Best Female Dubbing Artist|Best Female Dubbing Artist]] – [[Savitha Reddy]] (for Bhumika)

== Remakes ==
A Tamil remake was planned with [[Cheran (director)|Cheran]] and [[Asin]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Narasimham|first=M.L.|title=A shot at multiplex audience?|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/06/02/stories/2006060201810400.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216050642/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/06/02/stories/2006060201810400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 February 2013|accessdate=16 January 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=2 June 2006}}</ref> It was remade in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Namaste Madam]]'' in 2014.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0360797|Missamma}}

{{G. Neelakanta Reddy}}

[[Category:2003 films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:2003 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vandemataram Srinivas]]
[[Category:Films directed by Neelakanta (director)]]

Nallavan (1988 film)

2026-03-03T05:12:25Z

JovitaMcClinton: New new info

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nallavan
| image = Nallavan (1988 film).jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[S. P. Muthuraman]]
| writer = [[Kalaipuli S. Thanu]]
| producer = Kalaipuli S. Thanu [[Ibrahim Rowther]]
| starring = [[Vijayakanth]] [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] [[M. N. Nambiar]]
| cinematography = T. S. Vinayagam
| editing = R. Vittal C. Lancy
| music = [[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
| studio = Kalaippuli International Tamilannai Cine Creation
| released = {{Film date|1988|08|15|df=y}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Nallavan''''' ({{Translation|Good Man}}) is a 1988 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action film]], directed by [[S. P. Muthuraman]] and produced by [[Kalaipuli S. Thanu]] and [[Ibrahim Rowther]]. It stars [[Vijayakanth]], [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] and [[M. N. Nambiar]]. The film, released on 15 August 1988,<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 December 2002 |title=நட்சத்திர படப் பட்டியல் |url=https://ibb.co/cTSgjhM |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202064212/https://ibb.co/cTSgjhM |archive-date=2 February 2024 |access-date=2 February 2024 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |pages=41–43 |language=Ta}}</ref> was a box office success.<ref>{{Cite web |last=முத்துராமன் |first=எஸ்.பி. |author-link=S. P. Muthuraman |date=16 November 2016 |title=சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார் 84: விஜயகாந்தின் நண்பர் இப்ராகிம் ராவுத்தர்! |trans-title=Try making a film 84: Vijayakanth's friend Ibrahim Rowther! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/86632-84.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217072120/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/86632-84.html |archive-date=17 February 2022 |access-date=13 February 2021 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=November 2022}}
Gurumoorthy and Raja are twin brothers. Guru is set to marry a collector. On the day of the marriage, Raja is kidnapped and shown a photo where he is stabbing Manju. Raja realises it is Guru in the photo. What transpires later forms the crux of the story.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Vijayakanth]] in a [[dual role]] as
**Gurumoorthy "Guru"
**Raja
*[[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] as [[District collector|Collector]] Ponni
*[[M. N. Nambiar]] as Guru and Raja's father
*[[S. S. Chandran]] as Point
*[[Janagaraj]] as Madhu
*[[Kitty (actor)|Kitty]] as Vikram
*[[Vani Viswanath]] as Radha
*[[Manimala (actress)|Manimala]] as Guru and Raja's mother
*[[Disco Shanti]] as Manju
*[[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]] as Peter
*[[Charle]] as Raja's friend
*[[Chinni Jayanth]] as Raja's friend
*[[Achamillai Gopi]] as Shankar
}}

== Production ==
[[Kalaipuli S. Thanu]] expressed his interest to produce a film with [[S. P. Muthuraman]] as director and [[Vijayakanth]] as lead which eventually became ''Nallavan''.<ref name="சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார் 82">{{Cite news |last=முத்துராமன் |first=எஸ்.பி. |author-link=S. P. Muthuraman |date=2 November 2016 |title=சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார் 82: பிரபுவுக்கு விட்டுக்கொடுத்த ரஜினி! |trans-title=Try to make a film 82: Rajini, who sacrificed for Prabhu! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/89102-82.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808102636/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/89102-82.html |archive-date=8 August 2019 |access-date=30 March 2023 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>{{sfn|Muthuraman|2017|page=325}} The film featured Vijayakanth in dual roles and most of the scenes involving them together in single frame were shot using Mitchell Camera by the cinematographer T. S. Vinayagam.{{sfn|Muthuraman|2017|page=326}}

The stunt scenes and a song were picturised and shot at Kashmir. Muthuraman revealed that the crew faced tough time to shoot at the 600 feet hills for a fight sequence, they had to use horses travel to hills and also used to transport costumes and foods there.<ref>{{Cite web |last=முத்துராமன் |first=எஸ்.பி. |author-link=S. P. Muthuraman |date=9 November 2016 |title=சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார் 83: தாணு கொடுத்த பட்டம்! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/90047-83.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217072121/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/90047-83.html |archive-date=17 February 2022 |access-date=13 February 2021 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=Ta}}</ref> The climax fight sequence was shot with 100 lorries which came to Ladakh to provide food to people there.{{sfn|Muthuraman|2017|page=327}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]] and the lyrics were written by Thanu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nallavan (1988) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/nallavan-songs-T0001957 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127101431/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/nallavan-songs-T0001957 |archive-date=27 November 2021 |access-date=17 February 2022 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nallavan Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Chandrabose |url=https://mossymart.com/product/nallavan-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-chandrabose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217072119/https://mossymart.com/product/nallavan-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-chandrabose/ |archive-date=17 February 2022 |access-date=17 February 2022 |website=Mossymart}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers !! Length
|-
| "Aaraaro Naan" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Vanitha || 04:32
|-
| "Mellam Kotti" || [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[K. S. Chithra]] || 04:31
|-
| "Ullathil Ondru" || [[S. P. Sailaja]] || 04:34
|-
| "Vaanam Boomi" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam || 06:10
|-
| "Vaanmegam" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra || 04:37
|-
| "Vetrimala Vetridhan" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam || 04:32
|}

== Reception ==
N. Krishnaswamy of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "The script is full of holes [..] Thanu, the producer of the film is credited with the script too. He has only himself to blame. S. P. Muthuraman directs the film as best as he can within the limitations of the canvass".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishnaswamy |first=N. |date=26 August 1988 |title=Nallavan |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19880826&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=15 January 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=5 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Subha (writers)|Jayamanmadhan]] of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' also criticised the film for its writing.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஜெயமன்மதன் |author-link=Subha (writers) |date=25 September 1988 |title=நல்லவன் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1988/sep/25-09-1988/p64.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220730053238/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1988/sep/25-09-1988/p64.jpg |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=17 February 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=64 |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
*{{Cite book |last=Muthuraman |first=S. P. |author-link=S. P. Muthuraman |title=AVM Thandha SPM |publisher=Vikatan |year=2017 |edition=3rd |language=Tamil |oclc=607342391 |orig-date=2005}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{S. P. Muthuraman}}

[[Category:1988 Indian films]]
[[Category:1988 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1988 action films]]
[[Category:1988 films]]
[[Category:Films about twin brothers]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. P. Muthuraman]]
[[Category:Films produced by Kalaipuli S. Thanu]]
[[Category:Films scored by Chandrabose (composer)]]
[[Category:Films shot in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ladakh]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Kalaipuli S. Thanu]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Twins in Indian films]]

Bhavani (2011 film)

2026-03-03T03:26:35Z

JovitaMcClinton: Stub

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bhavani
| image = Bhavani 2011 poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Kicha (director)|G. Kicha]]
| screenplay = G. Kicha
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Karthavyam (1990 film)|Karthavyam]]''}}
| producer = G. Kicha Shahul Hameed
| starring = [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]]
| cinematography = K. Boopathy
| music = [[Dhina]]
| studio = K Films International
| distributor = Shri Movie Makers
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|3|11}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Bhavani''''' is a 2011 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[crime action film]] directed by [[Kicha (director)|G. Kicha]], starring [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] in the title role as the police officer. The film also stars [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]], [[Sampath Raj]], [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]], [[Aryan (Tamil actor)|Aryan]] and Yasmin Khan. It is a remake of the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Karthavyam (1990 film)|Karthavyam]]'' (1990).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 May 2009 |title=Brawny beauties making waves in Tollywood |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/brawny-beauties-making-waves-in-tollywood/story-eOh6B09iyQD3WV9N2UrriI.html |access-date=3 January 2022 |archive-date=3 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103050251/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/brawny-beauties-making-waves-in-tollywood/story-eOh6B09iyQD3WV9N2UrriI.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2008 |title=Sneha turns cop! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sneha-turns-cop/articleshow/3704959.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103021543/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sneha-turns-cop/articleshow/3704959.cms |archive-date=3 January 2022 |access-date=5 May 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sneha-turns-to-action/articleshow/3423124.cms|title=Sneha turns to action|date=30 August 2008|work=The Times of India}}</ref> The film was released on 11 March 2011.

== Plot ==
Bhavani ([[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]]), an honest police officer in Hyderabad, is posted as [[Assistant commissioner of police|Assistant Commissioner of Police]] in [[Tirunelveli]] upon the request of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu government]]. The town is controlled by Sivalingam ([[Kota Srinivasa Rao]]), a baddie and aspiring politician who indulges in all unlawful activities. Bhavani resolves to put an end to all his acts. Meanwhile, Surya ([[Sampath Raj]]) voices against Sivalingam. As it happens, Sivalingam's son Ranjith ([[Aryan (Tamil actor)|Aryan]]) plays spoilsport in the life of Bhavani's sister Deepa (Yasmin Khan). Efforts to prove him guilty by Bhavani end in vain. Now, a conspiracy is hatched by Bhavani in the company of Surya, and Ranjith is killed. An enraged Sivalingam takes Bhavani head-on. Sivalingam vows vengeance, and what happens from there forms the rest of the story.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] as [[Assistant Commissioner of Police|ACP]] A. Bhavani, an [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer
* [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Ghirivalam
* [[Sampath Raj]] as Surya
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Sivalingam
* [[Aryan (Tamil actor)|Aryan]] as Ranjith
* Yasmin Khan as Deepa
* [[Vanitha Krishnachandran]] as Deepa's mother
* [[Delhi Ganesh]] as Bhavani's father
* [[Raj Kapoor (Tamil film director)|Raj Kapoor]] as Lawyer
* [[Paravai Muniyamma]] (special appearance in the song "Karuppusamy Kaakisatta")
* [[Ponnambalam (actor)|Ponnambalam]]
* [[Manobala]] as Ramakrishnan
* [[Ilavarasu]] as Shanmugam
* [[Cell Murugan]] as Motorcycle driver
* [[Siva Narayana Murthy]] as Traffic Inspector
* Boys Rajan
* Kili Ramachandran as Motorcycle driver
{{colend}}

== Production ==
The film, being in the action genre, was a departure for Sneha who was then known mainly for her [[girl next door]] roles.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=24 January 2010 |title=Sneha's khaki effect! |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Snehas-khaki-effect/articleshow/5492754.cms |url-status=live |access-date=3 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104222514/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-24/news-interviews/28144383_1_sneha-bhavani-g-kitcha |archive-date=4 November 2012}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Dhina]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/bhavani-ep/479499192|title=Bhavani|website=Apple Music|access-date=11 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/bhavani/xRNlzPMbinE_|title=Bhavani|website=JioSaavn|access-date=11 November 2025}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics
|-
| "Aadupuli Aattamthan" || Dhina || rowspan=5|[[Yugabharathi]]
|-
| "Karpoora Kannazhagi" || [[Kicha (director)|G. Kicha]], [[Anuradha Sriram]], Dhina
|-
| "Karuppusamy Kaakisatta" || [[Paravai Muniyamma]]
|-
| "Malai Sainthal" || [[Manikka Vinayagam]]
|-
| "Mullai Malar" || [[Rita Thyagarajan]], Dhanapal
|}

== Release and reception ==
''Bhavani'' was released on 11 March 2011 after a week from the scheduled release date of 4 March 2011 due to financial problems.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2011 |title=Bhavani from 4 March 2011 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bhavani-to-take-on-singam-puli-news-tamil-lc0rcTjghih.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301064107/http://www.sify.com/movies/bhavani-to-take-on-singam-puli-news-tamil-lc0rcTjghih.html |archive-date=1 March 2011 |access-date=3 January 2022 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The film opened to mixed reviews with a critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' writing that "Sneha may not have touched the energy level that her senior had infused into the role, but there’s no denying that she has put in great effort, particularly in the stunt-chase scenes".<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 March 2011 |title=Bhavani IPS |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2011/mar/14/bhavani-ips-235279.html |url-status=live |access-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103021550/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2011/mar/14/bhavani-ips-235279.html |archive-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> The film was released with 160 prints in Tamil Nadu and in 12 screens in Mumbai, highest for a non-hero film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=14 March 2011 |title=Sneha inspired by Angelina Jolie |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/kollywood/sneha-inspired-angelina-jolie-050 |url-status=dead |access-date=5 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010150905/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/kollywood/sneha-inspired-angelina-jolie-050 |archive-date=10 October 2012}}</ref> On the opening week-end, the film collected average returns at the box-office.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 March 2011 |title=Ranking based on Chennai Box Office Collections from Mar 11th 2011 to Mar 13th 2011 |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-slide-shows/movie-4/top-ten-movies/tamil-cinema-topten-movie-bhavani-ips.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316174915/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-slide-shows/movie-4/top-ten-movies/tamil-cinema-topten-movie-bhavani-ips.html |archive-date=16 March 2011 |work=Behindwoods |access-date=15 March 2011 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2011 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010s police films]]
[[Category:2010s political action films]]
[[Category:2011 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2011 crime action films]]
[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Andhra Pradesh Police]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kicha (director)]]
[[Category:Films scored by Dhina]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tirunelveli]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:Indian political action films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Rajgriha Express

2026-02-21T17:09:26Z

JovitaMcClinton: updated

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Rajgriha Express
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale = [[Bihar]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2002|02|15}}
| last =
| operator = [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Rajgir}} (RGD)
| stops = 12
| end = {{stnlnk|Danapur}} (DNR)
| distance = {{convert|109|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 3 hrs 30 mins
| frequency = Daily
| class = AC Chair Car, Second Class Seating, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = No
| autorack = Overhead racks
| catering = E-catering only
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[ICF coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 13233 / 13234
| speed = {{cvt|32|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The 13233 / 13234 '''Rajgriha Express''' is a daily [[Express trains in India|Express]] train of [[Indian Railways]], running between [[Rajgir]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=13234, Rajgriha Express Time Table, Route and schedule |url=https://www.travelkhana.com/travelkhana/utilities/train-stations/13234 |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=www.travelkhana.com}}</ref> near [[Nalanda]], [[Bihar]], and [[Danapur]], near [[Patna]], Bihar, via [[Nalanda]], [[Bihar Sharif]] and [[Bakhtiyarpur Junction]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/rajgriha-express-13233/361/1384/601 13233/Rajgriha Express] India Rail Info
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/rajgriha-express-13234/1362/601/1384 13234/Rajgriha Express] India Rail Info

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajgriha Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Patna]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Bihar]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2002]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Mathurapur railway station

2026-02-17T02:53:53Z

JovitaMcClinton:

{{Short description|Railway station in Jharkhand, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|50px]] {{font color|blue|MATHURAPUR}}
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] station
| image = Mathurapur railway station.jpg
| address = Mathurapur, Karmatanr, [[Deoghar District]], [[Jharkhand]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|24.36240|N|86.63511|E|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|260|m|}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| tracks = Broad gauge
| structure = Standard (on ground station)
| platforms = 2
| parking = No
| status = {{color|green|Active}}
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = MUW
| zone = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Asansol}}
}}
| classification = '''NSG-6'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Eastern Railway – Asansol Division |url=https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,6,443,528,537 |publisher=Eastern Railway, Government of India |access-date=8 September 2025}}</ref>
| opened =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 1996–97<ref name=elec>{{cite web|title=History of Electrification|url=http://www.irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html|work=information published by CORE (Central Organisation for Railway Electrification)|publisher=CORE (Central Organisation for Railway Electrification)|access-date=1 April 2012}}</ref>
| former = [[East Indian Railway Company|East Indian Railway]]
| passengers =
| map_type = India Jharkhand
| map_dot_label = Mathurapur railway station
| map_size = 300
| map_caption = Location in Jharkhand
| line = * [[Asansol–Patna section]] of [[Howrah–Delhi main line]]
| other =
| accessible =
| route_map = {{Asansol–Patna section}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map
| map_state = collapsed
}}

'''Mathurapur railway station''' (station code: '''MUW''') is a railway station on the [[Howrah–Delhi main line]] in [[Deoghar district]], [[Jharkhand]]. It comes under the [[Asansol railway division]] of the [[Eastern Railway zone]].<ref>https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,6,443,528,537</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mathurapur Railway Station Map/Atlas ER/Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/mathurapur-muw/590 |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> The station serves Karmatanr and its surrounding rural areas such as Daugi, Tilaia, Dhabwa, Jamunia, Parbatpur, Domnatanr and several other nearby villages.<ref>https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/</ref> Only passenger and MEMU trains have scheduled halts here.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All Trains at MATHURAPUR (MUW) Railway Station with Arrival and Departure details, Availability, Wailtlist Confirmation Chances and Fare Calculator : etrain.info |url=https://etrain.info/station/Mathurapur-MUW/all |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=etrain.info |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=TTI |title=MUW / Mathurapur Railway Station {{!}} Train Arrival / Departure Timings at Mathurapur |url=http://www.totaltraininfo.com/station/muw/ |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=www.totaltraininfo.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mathurapur (MUW) Railway Station, Find Timetable, Schedule and Station Code |url=https://www.easemytrip.com/railways/mathurapur-muw-railway-station/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250804130223/https://www.easemytrip.com/railways/mathurapur-muw-railway-station/ |archive-date=4 August 2025 |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=EaseMyTrip |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Facilities==
The station has two platforms, which are linked by a foot overbridge. More new platforms are being constructed.
Basic facilities for passengers include a ticket counter, platform shelters, and a drinking water point. However, amenities such as dedicated waiting halls or retiring rooms are not available at the station.
But new station amenities are being constructed soon with new station building being the first in the link.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== Trains==
Only a limited number of local, passenger a couple of express trains halt here. These include:<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mathurapur (MUW) Railway Station Train Schedule & Timetable |url=https://www.adanione.com/railway-stations/mathurapur-railway-station-muw |access-date=10 Sep 2025 |work=adanione.com}}</ref>

* Howrah–Mokama Express (13029/13030)
* Asansol–Jasidih MEMU (63561/63563)
* Andal–Jasidih MEMU (63545/63546)
* Barddhaman–Jhajha MEMU (63509/63510)
* Baidyanathdham–Asansol MEMU (63562)
* Jasidih–Asansol MEMU (63564)
* Dumka-Ranchi Express (13319/13320)
* Patliputra Express (18621/18622)

== See also ==
* [[Asansol railway division]]
* [[Eastern Railway zone]]
* [[Howrah–Delhi main line]]
* [[Asansol–Patna section]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/mathurapur-muw/590 Mathurapur station map]
* [http://deoghar.nic.in/ Official website of the Deoghar District]

{{Railway stations in Jharkhand}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Deoghar district]]
[[Category:Asansol railway division]]

Shapurji Broacha

2026-02-11T07:19:07Z

JovitaMcClinton: new

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[Sir]]
| name = Shapurji Burjorji Broacha
| honorific_suffix = [[Order of the Indian Empire|KCIE]]
| image =
| landscape = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| native_name = Shapoorji Broacha
| native_name_lang =
| pronunciation =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 30 April 1845
| birth_place = [[Bharuch]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]
| baptised = 
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = 23 June 1920
| death_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_cause =
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| burial_place = 
| burial_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| other_names =
| citizenship = Indian, British
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Industrialist, philanthropist
| years_active =
| era =
| employer =
| organization = Sir Shapurji Broacha Mills
| agent = 
| known_for =
| notable_works = 
| style =
| height = 
| television =
| title = [[Sheriff of Bombay]]
| term = 1911<ref name = DBCP/>
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Lady Pirojbai
| partner = 
| children =
| parents = 
| mother = 
| father = 
| relatives = [[Cyrus Broacha]] (Great Grand Child)
| family = Broacha Family
| callsign =
| awards =
| website = 
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| signature =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sir Shapurji Burjorji Broacha''' (30 April 1845 – 23 June 1920) was an Indian industrialist and philanthropist.<ref>{{cite news |title=Club for sick and wounded. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/archive/club-for-sick-and-wounded/article19127891.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=22 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Sorabji M. Rutnagur |title=Bombay Industries: The Cotton Mill. A Review of the Progress of the Textile Industry in Bombay from 1850 to 1926 and the Present Constitution, Management and Financial Position of the Spinning and Weaving Factories |date=1927 |page=701 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pz0dAAAAIAAJ&q=Sir+Shapurji+Burjorji+Broacha |quote=The Late BROACHA. SIR SHAPURJI BURJORJI, Kt. Sir Shapurji Broacha was instrumental in financing large industrial undertakings and public utility concerns and was the trusted broker and adviser of important Native States. Was agent and ...}}</ref> He was appointed as the [[Sheriff of Bombay]] in 1911<ref name = DBCP>{{cite book|title=Directory Of Bombay City Province 1939|page=86}}</ref> during the visit of the King-Emperor, then [[King George V]].

He was the president of Bombay Native Share and Stock Brokers' Association for more than 25 years. Sir Shapurji Broacha was connected as a director with at least twenty-five joint-stock companies.<ref name=death/> He was honoured with a [[Order of the British Empire|Knighthood]] by His Majesty the King-Emperor on the occasion of the [[1911 Delhi Durbar Honours|1911 Coronation Durbar]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Prag Narain Bhargava |title=Who's Who in India Supplement 1 (1912) |date=1912 |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Who%27s_Who_in_India_Supplement_1_(1912)/Broacha,_Sir_Shapurji_Burjorji,_Kt.}}</ref> In 1913, he was the only Indian member<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Barnett |editor1-first=Vincent |title=Routledge Handbook of the History of Global Economic Thought |date=2014 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=9781317644118 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sm5eBAAAQBAJ&q=Sir+Shapurji+Burjorji+Broacha&pg=PT577 |format=Many of the chapters were already drafted before Keynes was appointed, while Sir Shapurji Burjorji Broacha was the only Indian member.}}</ref> to be appointed as a member of Royal Commission on Indian Finance and Currency.<ref>{{cite book |title=Debrett's Peerage |date=1920 |page=834}}</ref> He was one of the founding members of Bank of India, which was founded in 1906.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bank's Founder Members, Bank of India |url=https://www.bankofindia.co.in/BanksFounderMembers |access-date=28 November 2019 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928025743/https://www.bankofindia.co.in/BanksFounderMembers |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Early life ==
He was born on 30 April 1845 at Bharuch, Bombay Presidency to poor parents. His father died when he was a child, so his mother and his sisters migrated to [[Bombay]] when he was only 12 years old. He would stitch clothes with his mother and his sisters in order to earn a living in Bombay, His family couldn't afford higher education for shapoorji but young shapoorji was able to speak fluent English without any training.
He joined Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway as a Petty Clerk in 1863, after a year he joined the Asian bank also as a petty clerk but his love of maths grew in his life working as a clerk in the bank. In 1864 he became a stockbroker.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}

== Death ==
Broacha died on 23 June 1920, at the age of 75. It was reported that a large number of commercial houses, share, bullion, and various other markets were closed on 24 June 1920, the day after his death.<ref name=death>{{cite news |title=SIR SHAPURJI BROACHA - DEATH AT BOMBAY |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3h5DAQAAIAAJ&q=Shapurji+Broacha&pg=PR15 |publisher=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer Mail]]|date=2 July 1920 |page=12}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, Volume 68 |date=1920 |publisher=[[Royal Society of Arts]] (Great Britain), The Society |page=540 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vfbRAAAAMAAJ&q=Sir+Shapurji+Burjorji+Broacha |quote=SIR SHAPOOBJI B. BROACHA. — The death of Sir Shapoorji Burjorji Broacha, the Bombay financier, has occurred in India. lie did much to promote industrial development in the Western Presidency and elsewhere, and was equally ...}}</ref>

== Honours and legacy ==
He was honoured with a [[Order of the British Empire|Knighthood]] by His Majesty the King-Emperor on the occasion of the 1911 Coronation Durbar.

On 1 March 1923, White marble busts on the grey pedestal of the late Sir Shapurji Broacha and his wife Lady Pirojbai were unveiled in the [[Masina Hospital]] compound, [[Mumbai]] by [[George Lloyd, 1st Baron Lloyd|Sir George Lloyd]], the [[Governor of Bombay]].<ref>Parsi Prakash Vol. VI, p. 106</ref><ref name=statue>{{cite book |author1=Marzban Jamshedji Giara |title=Parsi Statues |date=2000 |pages=47, 49 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NPXVAAAAMAAJ&q=Sir+Shapurji+Burjorji}}</ref>

A bust of Broacha was unveiled at the Stock Exchange Building, Bombay by [[Michael Knatchbull, 5th Baron Brabourne|Michael Knatchbull]], the [[Governor of Bombay]] on 4 April 1935.<ref name=statue/>

One of the oldest and largest hostels for Boys of Institute of Science, in Banaras Hindu University, built in 1921 is named after him as Broacha hostel.

As per the Gujarat Government Gazette, in 1961, the Sir Shapurji Burjorji Broacha Hall, a public hall in Gujarat, is named after him. It was built at a cost of Rs. 49,446 and was opened on 12 November 1912.<ref>{{cite book |title=Gazetteers: pt. 1 Surat District, Volume 2, Part 2 of Gazetteers, Gujarat (India) |year=1961 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, 1961 |page=738 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J0NuAAAAMAAJ&q=Sir+Shapurji+Burjorji}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Broacha, Shapurji}}
[[Category:1845 births]]
[[Category:1920 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople in the textile industry]]
[[Category:Industrialists from British India]]
[[Category:People from Bombay Presidency]]
[[Category:Sheriffs of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Parsi people from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Businesspeople awarded knighthoods]]

Mutha River

2026-01-30T00:19:34Z

JovitaMcClinton: further refined content for consistency and updated info per sources

{{short description|River in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Mutha River
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology = 
| image = Sangam Bridge on Mutha River as seen from Ahilyadevi Holkar Ghat in Pune.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Mutha River as seen from Sangam Ghat
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 =
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 = 
| length = 36 km
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location =
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg =
| discharge1_max = 
| source1 =
| source1_location = [[Pune District|Pune]], [[Sahyadri]], [[Maharashtra]]
| source1_coordinates =
| source1_elevation =
| mouth = [[Mula-Mutha River]]
| mouth_location = Sangamwadi, [[Pune District]], [[Pune|Pune city]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| mouth_coordinates =
| mouth_elevation =
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right = Ambi river, Mosi river
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}
The '''Mutha River'''<ref>{{GEOnet2|32FA8822CC703774E0440003BA962ED3|Mutha River (Approved)}}, [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref> is a river in western [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It arises in the [[Western Ghats]] and flows eastward until it merges with the [[Mula River (India)|Mula River]] in the city of [[Pune]]. It has been dammed twice, first at the [[Panshet]] Dam (on the Ambi River), used as a source of drinking water and irrigation for Pune city. The water released here is dammed again at [[Khadakwasla]] and is an important source of drinking water for Pune. One more dam has been built later on the Mutha river at [[Temghar]].

After merging with the Mula River in Pune, the Mutha flows on as the [[Mula-Mutha River]] to join the [[Bhima River]].

In 2014, the [[Government of Maharashtra]] announced that the [[Pune Municipal Corporation]] would build new sewage treatment plants to ensure that no sewage was dumped in the river.<ref name="sabarmati">{{cite news|title=Will Mutha get facelift a la Sabarmati? |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/pune/report-will-mutha-get-facelift-a-la-sabarmati-1993146 |date=3 June 2014 |agency=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|location=Pune |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref>

== Government documents, orders and court orders ==
The National Green Tribunal of India has the power to hear all cases relating to issues of the river under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greentribunal.gov.in/FileDisplay.aspx?file_id=hp6pqcrv0hY1hc2OYG8Sk8xCFfwF7gv7AbtSt83%2fRxrgXufTbWXFcg%3d%3d|title=National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 (No. 19 of 2010)|website=greentribunal.gov.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730095123/http://www.greentribunal.gov.in/FileDisplay.aspx?file_id=hp6pqcrv0hY1hc2OYG8Sk8xCFfwF7gv7AbtSt83%2fRxrgXufTbWXFcg%3d%3d|archive-date=30 July 2019|access-date=30 July 2019}}</ref>
Considering the serious nature of encroachments on the Mutha river, the NGT in its latest order on 23 July 2019 ordered a committee to be formed to look into these issues. The committee will comprise (i) the Chief Engineer, Water Resources Department (Government of Maharashtra), (ii) the District Collector, Pune, (iii) the Member Secretary, Maharashtra Pollution Control Board, (iv) the SEIAA, Maharashtra and (v) a Senior Scientist from the CPCB, Regional Office at Pune. The committee will decide the appropriate measures.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/civic/ngt-raps-local-bodies-on-encroachments-at-rivers/articleshow/70386199.cms|title=NGT raps local bodies on encroachments at rivers|date=26 July 2019|work=Pune Mirror|access-date=30 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730102950/https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/civic/ngt-raps-local-bodies-on-encroachments-at-rivers/articleshow/70386199.cms|archive-date=30 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>[[File:Mutha river in Pune at Onkareshwar 001.jpg|thumb|right|The Mutha River between Onkareshwar temple and Shivaji bridge in the 1980s]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Pune district topics}}
{{Pune topics}}
{{Hydrography of Maharashtra}}

{{coord|18|31|51|N|73|51|38|E|type:river_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Rivers of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Geography of Pune]]

{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}
{{India-river-stub}}

Bharat Chawda

2026-01-22T13:36:32Z

JovitaMcClinton: New

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bharat Chawda
| image = Bharat Chawda at the launch of Saumya Shetty’s resto bar in 2014.jpg
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = 
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2007–present
}}
'''Bharat Chawda''' is an Indian actor. He is best known for playing the role of Bobby Sood as Shraddha's husband in the television serial ''[[Ek Nanad Ki Khushiyon Ki Chaabi...Meri Bhabhi|Meri Bhabhi]]''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131203062637/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-22/news-and-gossip/40133362_1_bharat-chawdaprashant-chawla-a-creative-unit Prashant Chawla out, Bharat Chawda in Meri Bhabhi]</ref><ref>[http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/bharat-chawda-starts-his-journey-star-plus-meri-bhabhi-bruises Bharat Chawda starts his journey in Star Plus' Meri Bhabhi]</ref>

==Career==
'''Bharat''' started his career as a contestant in season 1 of Zee Cine stars ki Khoj in 2004 and then with ''[[Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii]]'' as Ishaan on [[Star Plus]], He also appeared in various shows including: [[Crime Patrol (TV series)|Crime Patrol]], [[Haunted Nights]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131203062506/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-29/tv/35434037_1_bharat-states-vijay-badlani-bharat-chawda Bharat Chawda, Vijay Badlani in Haunted Nights]</ref> [[Savdhaan India @ 11]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131203055433/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-23/tv/34679073_1_savdhaan-india-endemol-india-story-plot Shafaq Naaz and Bharat Chawda to feature in Savdhaan India! Shafaq Naaz and Bharat Chawda to feature in Savdhaan India!]</ref> & [[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131203054414/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-25/news/43394182_1_fear-files-bharat-chawda-episode Bharat Chawda, Ambika Gandotra & Raj in Fear Files]</ref> He played as Bobby in ''[[Ek Nanad Ki Khushiyon Ki Chaabi...Meri Bhabhi|Meri Bhabhi]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://starplus.startv.in/show/ek-nanad-ki-khushiyon-ki-chaabi-meri-bhabhi/home_360.aspx |title=Ek Nanad Ki Khushiyon Ki Chaabi...Meri Bhabhi}}</ref> on [[STAR Plus]].

==Television==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of television credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai|Sssshhh Phir Koi Hai]]'' || Episodic Role "Choona Mana Hai" Aryamaan
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai|Sssshhh Phir Koi Hai]]'' || Episodic Role "Baat Ek Raat Ki"
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii]]'' || Ishaan
|-
| 2007 || ''Choona Mana Hai'' || N/A
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Kasturi (2007 TV series)|Kasturi]]'' ||
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Kuch iss Tarah]]'' ||
|-
| 2009–11 || ''[[Bandini (TV series)|Bandini]]'' || Shashank Rasik Mehta
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Maayke Se Bandhi Dor]]'' || Muksaare
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Crime Patrol (TV series)|Crime Patrol]]'' || cameo
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Haunted Nights]]'' || N/A
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Ek Nanad Ki Khushiyon Ki Chaabi… Meri Bhabhi|Meri Bhabhi]]'' || Bobby Sood
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya (TV series)|Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya]]'' || Virat
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Uttaran]]'' || Yuvaan / Yuvraj Singh Bundela
|-
| 2015 || Box Cricket League || Delhi Dragons
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Humsafars (TV series)|Humsafars]]'' || ACP Rathore
|}

== Film ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Language
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'' || Manga || Hindi
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2017 || ''Shubh Aarambh'' || Shubh || Gujarati
|-
| [[Tamburo (film)|''Tamburo'' (film)]] || Hardik || Gujarati
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2018 || ''[[Chhutti Jashe Chhakka]]'' || NaagRaj || Gujarati
|-
| ''[[Family Circus]]'' || Aarav || Gujarati
|-
| ''[[Tari Maate Once More]]'' || Mihir || Gujarati
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Affraa Taffri]]'' || Rao ji || Gujarati
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022 || ''[[Raado]]'' <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/raado/movieshow/92202521.cms |title=Raado Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes |access-date=2026-01-22 |via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>|| Darshan || Gujarati
|-
| ''[[Hoon Tari Heer]] '' || Harry || Gujarati
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2024 || ''[[Dayro]] '' || Yuvi || Gujarati
|-
| ''[[Maru Mann Taru Thayu]] '' ||Om || Gujarati
|-
| ''[[Bhalle Padharya]] '' || Abhishek || Gujarati
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chawda, Bharat}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]

Palghar

2026-01-13T09:24:47Z

JovitaMcClinton: new new stub

{{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{AI-generated|date=November 2025}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Palghar
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 270
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/2
| image5 = Sunset at Dahanu Beach, Dahanu - panoramio.jpg
| image6 = Kelwa beach , Palghar , Maharashtra , India.jpeg
| image1 = Vajreshwari Vogini Mandir, Maharashtra - panoramio (30).jpg
| image3 = Dahbosa Waterfalls.jpg
| image2 = Vajreshwari Temple.jpg
| image4 = Tandulwadi fort.jpg
}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Vajreshwari Temple, Dahbosa Waterfall, Tandulwadi Fort, Dahanu Beach, Kelwa Beach
| nickname =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=center|plain=y|type=shape-inverse|id=Q1191|frame-width=370|frame-height=300|stroke-width=3|frame-lat=18.92|frame-long=76.68|zoom=6|type2=point|coord2={{coord|19.69|N|72.76|E}}|marker-size2=medium}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Palghar in Maharashtra
| coordinates = {{coord|19.69|N|72.76|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagicon|IND}} [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palghar district|Palghar]]
| established_title = 
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Council]]
| Tahsildar =
| governing_body = [[Palghar Municipal Council|Palghar Municipal Council (PMC)]]
| leader_title = Member of Parliament
| leader_name = [[Hemant Savara]], [[BJP]]
| leader_title1 = MLA
| leader_name1 = [[Shrinivas Vanga]], ([[Shivsena]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maharashtra By-Election: Shiv Sena Retains Palghar Assembly Seat |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/maharashtra-by-election-shiv-sena-retains-palghar-assembly-seat-1277948 |access-date=2022-08-31 |publisher=NDTV}}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 4696.99
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 7
| population_total = 68931
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 401404

| area_code = 02525
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = MH-48
| website = https://palghar.gov.in/
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| official_name =
}}

'''Palghar''' ({{audio|Palghar.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a prominent town in the [[Konkan division]] of [[Maharashtra|Maharashtra state]], India, and a [[municipal council]]. It is strategically located within the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]], and has been the administrative capital of the [[Palghar district]] since 2014. Palghar plays a crucial role in [[Western line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Western Line]] of the [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]] in the busy [[Ahmedabad–Mumbai main line|Mumbai-Ahmedabad rail corridor]]. The town is located approximately 87 kilometers north of Mumbai, about 35 kilometers north of [[Virar]], and about 24 kilometers west of the [[National Highway 8 (India, old numbering)|Mumbai-Ahmedabad National Highway]] at [[Manor, India|Manor]]. Palghar is located in western part of Maharastra.Mumbai is approximately 50 km from Palghar.

== History ==
Palghar has a history intertwined with the ancient district of [[Thane district|Thane]]. The tehsils of [[Jawhar]], Vasai, and Palghar are known for their rich historical legacy.

Palghar also played a crucial role in the [[Quit India Movement]] of 1942, where it was one of the important points in the [[Chale Jao Movement]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Palghar District |url=https://palghar.gov.in/history/ |website=District of Palghar |access-date=2024-08-30}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
At the [[2011 census of India]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}</ref> Palghar had a population of 68,930. Males numbered 36,523 (52.9%) and females 32,407 (47.1%). The literacy rate was 77.52%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy was 81.2% and female literacy 73.35%. 11.8% of the population was under 6 years of age.

[[Marathi language|Marathi]] is the most widely spoken language with [[Varli language|Varli]], [[Vadvali language|Vadvali]] and Vanjari dialects. Followed by Gujarati spoken by a sizeable Gujarati and Muslim population.

Palghar has an urban population of 33,086, thus about 48% of the total population lives in the urbanized area.

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Palghar (2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/802784-palghar-maharashtra.html|title=Palghar Population 2011|website=Census 2011}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|81.94}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|11.07}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|brown|2.86}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|blue|2.38}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|dodgerblue|1.21}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|0.53}}
}}

== Culture ==
Various communities inhabit Palghar, with the predominant castes being the [[Kunbi]], Mangela, Vaity, [[Macchimar]], [[Bhandari caste|Bhandari]], Warli (Adivasi), [[Katkari]], [[Malhar Koli]], [[Vanjari_caste| Vanjari]], Vadval, and [[Mali caste|Mali (Sorathi)]].

The [[Vanjari_caste|Vanjaris]] are a nomadic tribe with origins in [[Chittorgarh]], [[Rajasthan]]. Their language is distinct from standard Marathi, with significant influences from [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]] and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Desai |first=Meera |title=The Vanjaris: A Study of Their Socio-Cultural Identity |year=2009 |publisher=Raj Publications |page=45}}</ref>

The Vadval community is the most numerous in Palghar. They are believed to be descendants of the [[Yadava dynasty]] of [[Devagiri]], who settled in the region. The Vadvals are unique, as one of the few [[Marathi people|Marathi-speaking]] communities belonging to the [[Kshatriya]] varna but not part of the traditional 96-clan (''96-Kuli'') [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]] caste.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Vadval Community of Palghar |url=https://www.maharashtratimes.com/editorial/ravivar/kshatriya-wadval/articleshow/57871903.cms |website=Maharashtra Times |access-date=2024-08-30}}</ref>

The [[Warli painting]] and the renowned [[Tarpa dance]] highlight the artistic contributions of the Warli community. Warli art has a history stretching back over a millennium and is celebrated internationally. The Warlis are considered some of the earliest settlers in the region, and their culture has significantly influenced the subsequent cultures in and around Palghar.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Chaudhary |first=Santosh |title=Warli Art: A Millennium of Tradition |journal=Art and Culture Journal |volume=12 |year=2023 |pages=22–29}}</ref>

The [[Koli people|Koli]] (fishermen) community of Palghar is a testament to the city's connection with the [[Arabian Sea]]. Fishing forms a significant part of Palghar's trade and diet and plays a crucial role in cultural events. The Kolis are further divided into subcastes such as Vaity, Mangela, and [[Bari people|Bari]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Patil |first=Rajendra |title=The Maritime Traditions of Kolis in Palghar |year=2018 |publisher=Coastal Heritage Publishers |page=85}}</ref>

=== Art, crafts and tourism ===
Tourist attractions in the district include:


* [[Arnala fort]]
* [[Bhavangad Fort]]
* [[Fort Vasai]]
* [[Gambhirgad]]
* [[Jivdani Mata]] temple
* [[Kaldurg Fort]]
* [[Kamandurg Fort]]
* [[Kelwa Beach]]
* [[Mahalakshmi Temple, Dahanu|Mahalakshmi Temple]]
* [[Shirgaon Fort]]
* [[Tandulwadi Fort]]
* [[Vajreshwari]] hot water spring

== Economy ==
The economy of Palghar is primarily driven by the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary]] and [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sectors]]. As the administrative seat of the [[Palghar taluka|Taluka]] and [[Palghar district|District]], Palghar hosts numerous government offices, providing employment opportunities to many residents.<ref>{{cite web |title=Palghar District |url=https://palghar.gov.in/economy/ |website=District of Palghar |access-date=2024-08-30}}</ref>

Agriculture, [[Animal husbandry]], [[dairy farming]], and [[fishing|fisheries]] are extensively practiced in the rural areas surrounding the city, playing a significant role in fueling the local economy. The region is known for its production of [[rice]], [[fruits]], and [[dairy products]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Patel |first=Ravindra |title=Agricultural Practices in Palghar District |year=2017 |publisher=Rural Development Publications |page=132}}</ref>

Historically, Palghar was notorious for [[illegal logging|wood smuggling]] in the post-independence era. This illicit activity has been largely curbed due to stringent measures by the [[Forest department (India)|Forest Department]] and local police. Additionally, the region's secluded beaches were once favored by smugglers who used them to offload goods and transport them to Mumbai by road to evade customs.<ref>{{cite news |title=How Palghar Curbed Wood Smuggling |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/palghar-wood-smuggling/ |newspaper=The Hindu |date=2020-11-15}}</ref>

== Transport ==
[[File:Palghar railway station - entrance.jpg|thumb|Palghar railway station]]

Palghar is well connected via road and rail transport. The town serves as a divisional head of the [[Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation]] (MSRTC), providing direct connectivity to several towns across [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]], including [[Surat]], [[Vapi]], [[Valsad]], [[Vadodara]], [[Bharuch]], [[Ankleshwar]], [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]], [[Mumbai]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Miraj]], [[Sangli]], [[Pune]], [[Vaduj]], [[Thane]], [[Ulhasnagar]], [[Bhiwandi]], [[Aurangabad]], [[Ahmednagar]], [[Kalyan]], [[Alibag]], [[Nandurbar]], [[Bhusaval]], [[Shirdi]], and [[Nashik]].<ref>{{cite web |title=MSRTC Palghar Division |url=https://msrtc.gov.in/palghar-division |website=Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation |access-date=2024-08-30}}</ref>

The [[Palghar railway station]] is a significant stop on the [[Western Line, Mumbai Suburban Railway|Western Line]] of the [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]] and the [[Ahmedabad–Mumbai main line]]. In addition to [[Mumbai Suburban Railway#Shuttle/EMU|Shuttle/MEMU/EMU]] (local trains) services, many long-distance trains also halt at this station.<ref>{{cite web |title=Palghar Railway Station |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/palghar-plg/176 |website=India Rail Info |access-date=2024-08-30}}</ref>

== Sports ==
[[Cricket]] is the most popular sport in Palghar. Local tournaments are held at various locations in the district.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
*[[Shardul Thakur]] is a cricketer from Palghar (Mahim) who plays for [[India national cricket team|India]], for [[Lucknow Super Giants]] in the [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] and for [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]] in the [[Ranji Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Shardul Thakur Profile |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/shardul-thakur-475281 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2024-08-30}}</ref>
*[[Aditya Tare]] is a [[wicket-keeper]] and a right-hand batsman from Palghar (Satpati village) who plays for [[Mumbai Indians]] in the IPL and for Mumbai in the Ranji Trophy.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
*[[Ayush Mhatre]] is Right-Hand Top Order Batsman from Palghar (Virar) who plays for [[Chennai Super Kings]] in the IPL and for Mumbai in the Domestic Circuit of India.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Ayush Mhatre Profile
|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/ayush-mhatre-1452455
|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2025-05-07}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[2020 Palghar mob lynching]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mumbai metropolitan area}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Palghar| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Palghar district]]

Border Defence Cooperation Agreement

2026-01-13T03:27:37Z

JovitaMcClinton: new a article from scratch

{{Short description|India-China border security and stability agreement}}
{{Infobox treaty|name=Border Defence Cooperation Agreement|long_name=Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the People's Republic of China on Border Defence Cooperation|type=Border management 
Confidence Building Measure<ref name=":0" />
|context=*[[Sino-Indian border dispute|India China boundary question]]
*India-China Strategic and Cooperative Partnership for Peace and Prosperity|date_signed=23 October 2013|parties=*{{flagicon|China}} [[China]]
*{{flagicon|India}} [[India]]|location_signed=[[Great Hall of the People]], Tiananmen Square, Beijing<ref>{{Cite news|last=Blanchard|first=Ben|date=2013-10-23|title=China, India sign deal aimed at soothing border tension|language=en|work=Reuters|editor-last=Macfie|editor-first=Nick|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/china-india-border-agreement-idINDEE99M02U20131023|access-date=2021-07-08}}</ref>|languages=* [[Chinese language|Chinese]]
* [[English language|English]]
* [[Hindi language|Hindi]]|condition_effective=[[Ratification]] by China and India|citations=[https://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/22366/Agreement_between_the_Government_of_the_Republic_of_India_and_the_Government_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China_on_Border_Defence_Cooperation Agreement]|image=R.K. Mathur and the Deputy Chief of General Staff, PLA of China, Lt. Gen. Sun Jianguo signing an Agreement on Border Defence Cooperation, in the presence of the Prime Minister.jpg|caption=The Indian Defence Secretary, [[R. K. Mathur]] and the PLA Deputy Chief of General Staff, Lt. Gen. [[Sun Jianguo]] signing the Agreement in Beijing on 23 October 2013. Premier [[Li Keqiang]] and Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] present.|wikisource=India-China Border Agreement 2013}}
'''The Agreement between India and China on Border Defence Cooperation''' (BDCA) covers border stability and security, information asymmetry, smuggling, socio-economic reconstruction, environment and disease transmission along the [[Line of Actual Control|line of actual control]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Das|first=Bijoy|date=January–March 2014|title=Border Defence Cooperation Agreement. The Icebreaker in Making?|url=https://idsa.in/system/files/8_1_2014_BorderDefenceCooperationAgreement.pdf|journal=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses|volume=1|issue=1|pages=35–48}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Inter-State Border Defence Cooperation Agreement between India and China|url=https://www.peaceagreements.org/view/792/Inter-State%20Border%20Defence%20Cooperation%20Agreement%20between%20India%20and%20China|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-02|website=PA-X: Peace Agreements Database|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183244/https://www.peaceagreements.org/view/792/Inter-State%20Border%20Defence%20Cooperation%20Agreement%20between%20India%20and%20China|archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |agency=Press Information Bureau|date=2014-03-14|title=Ten things you should know about India, China border defence agreement|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/read-ten-things-you-should-know-about-india-china-border-defence-agreement/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-02|newspaper=The Indian Express|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140612191557/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/read-ten-things-you-should-know-about-india-china-border-defence-agreement/|archive-date=2014-06-12}}</ref> It is an incremental addition to the previous border agreements related to the [[Sino-Indian border dispute]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shukla|first=Ajai|author-link=Ajai Shukla|date=2013-10-24|title=India, China sign border defence pact|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/india-china-sign-border-defence-pact-113102400027_1.html|access-date=2021-07-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Chellaney|first=Brahma|author-link=Brahma Chellaney|date=2013-10-21|title=Why India's new border pact with China won't work|url=https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/VbRYHcM2kc4arWI6aVeHsK/Dancing-in-the-dragons-jaws.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-02|website=mint|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022101109/http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/VbRYHcM2kc4arWI6aVeHsK/Dancing-in-the-dragons-jaws.html|archive-date=2013-10-22}}</ref>

BDCA is one of the growing number of defence cooperation agreements being signed between countries worldwide.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kinne|first=Brandon J.|date=15 August 2018|title=Defense Cooperation Agreements and the Emergence of a Global Security Network|journal=International Organization|language=en|volume=72|issue=4|pages=799–837|doi=10.1017/S0020818318000218|s2cid=158722872 |issn=0020-8183|doi-access=free}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=August 2022|reason=The BDCA is not mentioned in the source.}}

== Background ==
{{Further|2013 Depsang standoff}}
China proposed the BDCA as early as the 5th India-China annual defence dialogue (ADD) in January 2013.{{sfnp|Resilient Sino-Indian Relationship, Indian Foreign Affairs Journal|2013|loc=pg. 389}} The following months saw negotiations and counter-proposals by India.{{sfnp|Resilient Sino-Indian Relationship, Indian Foreign Affairs Journal|2013|loc=pg. 389}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=12 May 2013|title=India gives counter proposal for Border Defence Coop Agreement|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2013/sunday-edition/india-gives-counter-proposal-for-border-defence-coop-agreement.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-08|website=The Pioneer|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185406/https://www.dailypioneer.com/2013/sunday-edition/india-gives-counter-proposal-for-border-defence-coop-agreement.html|archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref>

In April 2013, India reported a Chinese [[People's Liberation Army|PLA]] incursion at the mouth of [[Depsang Bulge]] near the [[Line of Actual Control]] in eastern Ladakh.<ref name="Sawant">{{citation|last=Sawant|first=Gaurav C.|title=India is No Pushover: Salman Khurshid|date=26 April 2013|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/neighbours/story/china-india-china-incursion-indo-china-border-160085-2013-04-25|newspaper=India Today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430195341/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/china-india-china-incursion-indo-china-border/1/267744.html|access-date=7 July 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=30 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hashmi|first=Sana|date=29 October 2013|title=Border Defence Cooperation Agreement: A New Beginning?|url=http://capsindia.org/files/documents/CAPS_Infocus_SH3.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=7 July 2021|website=[[Centre for Air Power Studies (India)|Centre for Air Power Studies]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305012527/http://capsindia.org/files/documents/CAPS_Infocus_SH3.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2017}}</ref> This three week [[2013 Depsang standoff|face-off]] was one of the border incidents that took place during the drafting of the agreement.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=23 October 2013|title=China-India reach border defence pact|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2013/10/23/china-india-reach-border-defence-pact|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Al Jazeera|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031054102/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2013/10/23/china-india-reach-border-defence-pact/|archive-date=2020-10-31}}</ref> In July 2013, India also saw PLA movement into [[Chumar]] and transgressions in [[Barahoti]] and Dichu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chellaney|first=Brahma|date=2013-07-30|title=China's game plan to keep India on the back foot|url=https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/RQ477pBeAEWGgsbmQ2FaCL/New-Delhi-and-Chinas-game-plan.html|access-date=2021-07-08|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>

In July 2013, the Indian Minister of Defence met his counterpart General [[Chang Wanquan]], as well as Chinese Prime Minister [[Li Keqiang]] and State Councilor [[Yang Jiechi]]. In a joint statement, with regard to "peace and tranquility in their border areas" both sides appreciated "that border defence cooperation would make a significant contribution in that regard" and "they agreed on an early conclusion of negotiations for a proposed agreement on border defence cooperation between the two Governments".<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 July 2013|title=Full Text of Joint Statement by Chinese and Indian Defence Ministers|url=http://in.china-embassy.org/eng/zygxc/wx/t1057145.htm|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Republic of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007215049/http://in.china-embassy.org/eng/zygxc/wx/t1057145.htm|archive-date=2013-10-07}}</ref>

The agreement was finalized at a meeting of the [[India-China Joint Working Group on the boundary question|Joint Working Group]] a few weeks before it was finally signed in Beijing in October 2013.{{sfnp|Resilient Sino-Indian Relationship, Indian Foreign Affairs Journal|2013|loc=pg. 389}}

=== Agreements ===
BDCA mentions the "India-China Strategic and Cooperative Partnership for Peace and Prosperity" and four previous border agreements:

* [[Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement, 1993]]
* [[Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement, 1993#1996 agreement|Agreement on Confidence Building Measures, 1996]]
* [[Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement, 1993#2005 agreement|Protocol for the Implementation of Military Confidence Building Measures, 2005]]
* [[Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination on India-China Border Affairs|Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination on India-China Border Affairs, 2012]]

== Articles ==
BDCA has ten articles. The agreement outlines ways to implement border defence cooperation "on the basis of their respective laws and relevant bilateral agreements". This includes the exchange of information, joint smuggling efforts, assistance in locating trans-border movement, disease transmission or "any other way mutually agreed upon the two sides". The agreement goes on to elaborate on mechanisms for implementing this border defence cooperation including flag meeting, [[Border Personnel Meeting point|border personal meetings]], hotlines and meetings between representatives at various fora. This agreement goes a step further by saying that cooperation can be enhanced through CBMs such as cultural exchanges, "non-contact" sports, military exercises, and "small scale tactical exercises along the line of actual control in the India-China border areas." Military clauses cover tailing patrols, seeking clarification in areas of [[differing perceptions of the Line of Actual Control]] and practice [[Restraint (military)|military restraint]] in all ways. The agreement clearly stated that the agreement would be honoured irrespective of the alignment of the LAC. The agreement concludes in an ''elastic'' nature, "It may be revised, amended or terminated with the consent of the two sides. Any revision or amendment, mutually agreed by the two sides, shall form an integral part of this Agreement'.<ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/India-China_Border_Agreement_2013|title=Border Defence Cooperation Agreement between India and China|publisher=Governments of India and China|via=Wikisource}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Chandran|first=D Suba|date=27 October 2013|title=India & China: An Assessment of October 2013 Agreements: Border Defence Agreement|url=http://www.ipcs.org/comm_select.php?articleNo=4151|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190925/http://www.ipcs.org/comm_select.php?articleNo=4151|archive-date=2021-07-09}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

== Aftermath ==
The BDCA was met with skepticism from a number of Indian analysts.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Chansoria|first=Monika|date=13 January 2014|title=India-China Border Agreement: Much Ado about Nothing|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/01/13/india-china-border-agreement-much-ado-about-nothing/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Foreign Policy|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207120018/http://foreignpolicy.com/2014/01/13/india-china-border-agreement-much-ado-about-nothing/|archive-date=2014-12-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhat|first=Lt Col Anil|date=2014-08-02|title=An Ambiguous Border Defence Cooperation Agreement With China?|url=https://salute.co.in/an-ambiguous-border-defence-cooperation-agreement-with-china-2/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Salute|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230161437/http://www.salute.co.in/an-ambiguous-border-defence-cooperation-agreement-with-china-2/|archive-date=2016-12-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sawhney|first=Pravin|title=The BDC agreement is a win-win for China than India|url=https://forceindia.net/bottomline/smart-move/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Force India|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529121336/http://forceindia.net/bottomline/smart-move/|archive-date=2018-05-29}}</ref> Monika Chansoria, head of the China-study program [[Centre for Land Warfare Studies]], called the agreement as a Beijing "engineered" with no clear progress or differentiation from previous agreements, adding that the main issue of resolving the border dispute was not part of the BDCA.<ref name=":1" /> Jayadeva Ranade pointed out that there was no reference to status quo, ambiguity in the way certain arguments were framed including lines related to infrastructure development.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranade|first=Jayadeva|date=27 October 2013|title=India & China: An Assessment of October 2013 Agreements- No Tangibles|url=http://www.ipcs.org/comm_select.php?articleNo=4150|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423170231/http://ipcs.org/comm_select.php?articleNo=4150|archive-date=2021-04-23}}</ref> However, D Suba Chandran, director at Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, stated "even the worst critique would not find faults with it [the agreement]".<ref name=":3" />

In a press conference on 24 October 2013, a day after BDCA was signed, [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China]] spokesperson [[Hua Chunying]] stated that "Over the past decades, with the concerted efforts of the two countries, negotiations on the boundary question have sustained a sound momentum and the border areas are basically peaceful and tranquil."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying's Regular Press Conference on October 24, 2013|url=https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2511_665403/t1092672.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924044829/http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2511_665403/t1092672.shtml|archive-date=2015-09-24}}</ref>

During the [[2020–2021 China–India skirmishes|2020-21 China-India border skirmishes]] the BDCA and other border agreements failed in their purpose.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Joshi|first=Manoj|author-link=Manoj Joshi (journalist)|date=24 June 2020|title=There is an answer to Modi's enigma on Galwan|url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/there-is-an-answer-to-modis-enigma-on-galwan-68411/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-02|website=ORF|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626225443/https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/there-is-an-answer-to-modis-enigma-on-galwan-68411/|archive-date=2020-06-26}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Restraint (military)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{Cite journal|last=Das|first=Rup Narayan|date=2013|title=Resilient Sino-Indian Relationship: Assessing Prime Minister's 2013 Visit|journal=Indian Foreign Affairs Journal|volume=8|issue=4|pages=387–399|jstor=45341908 |issn=0973-3248|ref={{sfnref|Resilient Sino-Indian Relationship, Indian Foreign Affairs Journal|2013}}}}

{{China–India relations}}

[[Category:Sino-Indian border dispute]]
[[Category:October 2013 in China]]
[[Category:October 2013 in India]]
[[Category:2013 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:2013 in Beijing]]
[[Category:Treaties concluded in 2013]]
[[Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Treaties of India]]
[[Category:Tiananmen Square]]

Anil Jain Kaluheda

2026-01-07T01:30:19Z

JovitaMcClinton: New

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}

'''Anil Jain Kaluheda''' (born 1964)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Anil Jain Kaluheda(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- UJJAIN UTTAR(UJJAIN) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/MadhyaPradesh2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=1205 |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Madhya Pradesh]]. He is an MLA from [[Ujjain North Assembly constituency]] in [[Ujjain district|Ujjain District]]. He won the [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ujjain North assembly election results 2023: Ujjain North Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/madhya-pradesh/ujjain-north-assembly-result-12216 |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2023-12-03 |title=Ujjain Uttar Election Result 2023 Live: Bjp Candidate Anil Jain Kaluheda Wins From Ujjain Uttar |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/ujjain-uttar-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-winner-loser-bjp-congress-bsp-mp-assembly-election-results-news-1647000 |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Kaluheda is from [[Ujjain South Assembly constituency|Ujjain South]], Madhya Pradesh. He is the son of Shaitanmal Jain. He completed his M.Sc. in 1989 at [[Vikram University]], [[Ujjain]].<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Kaluheda is a first time MLA who won from Ujjain North Assembly constituency representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the 2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. He polled 93,535 votes and defeated his nearest rival, who is Maya Rajesh Trivedi of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 27,513 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ujjain North Constituency Election Results 2023: Ujjain North Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/ujjain-north |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ujjain North Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: Anil Jain Kaluheda Of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/ujjain-north-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8687236.html |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Ujjain Uttar, Madhya Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: Ujjain Uttar में Anil Jain Kaluheda ने 27513 मतों सेहासिल की जीत |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/ujjain-uttar-madhya-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2023-live-1830361-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaluheda, Anil Jain}}
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Ujjain district]]
[[Category:Vikram University alumni]]

Her Assembly constituency

2026-01-06T00:14:33Z

JovitaMcClinton: Added New Details!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Her
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1978
| abolished = 2008<ref>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
| electors = 166,160
| mla = Kamble Trimbak Pandurang
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
Her Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Kamble Trimbak Pandurang || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Kamble Arvind Tulsiram || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Dharmaraj Girjappa Sonkawade || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || Tondchirkar Shivraj Maloji || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || Gundile Ram Sambhajirao || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || Navandiokar Ramchandra Piraji
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || Kamble Trimbak Pandurang
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Her}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Trimbak Pandurang |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=45,058 |percentage=39.21% |change={{decrease}}4.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Prof.Ramkishan Bhimrao Sonkamble |party=Indian National Congress |votes=43,588 |percentage=37.93% |change={{increase}}12.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Viveki Ramesh Bhagwatrao |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=6,763 |percentage=5.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhalerao Sudhakar Sangram |party=Independent politician |votes=6,757 |percentage=5.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dharmaraj Girjappa Sonkawade |party=Independent politician |votes=2,633 |percentage=2.29% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kaknate Dinkar Govindrao |party=Jan Surajya Shakti |votes=1,888 |percentage=1.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Waghmare Haribhau Krishnaji |party=Independent politician |votes=1,589 |percentage=1.38% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,470 |percentage=1.28% |change= {{decrease}}16.36 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=114,921 |percentage=69.15% |change= {{decrease}}2.23 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 166,160 |ref = |change= {{increase}}20.18 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}4.26 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Her<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Navandiokar Ramchandra Piraji |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=42,908 |percentage=43.47% |change={{increase}}4.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Trimbak Mukundrao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,500 |percentage=25.83% |change={{increase}}10.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Trimukhe Suresh Narsingrao |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=13,442 |percentage=13.62% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sonkawade Dharmraj Girjappa |party=Independent politician |votes=3,712 |percentage=3.76% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gundile Ram Sambhajirao |party=Independent politician |votes=3,577 |percentage=3.62% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patil Avinash Madhav |party=Independent politician |votes=1,336 |percentage=1.35% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Trimbak Zetinga |party=Independent politician |votes=766 |percentage=0.78% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,408 |percentage=17.64% |change= {{decrease}}5.90 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=98,704 |percentage=67.52% |change= {{decrease}}10.61 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 138,256 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.84 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}4.36 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Her<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Gundile Ram Sambhajirao |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=41,499 |percentage=39.11% |change={{increase}}24.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Trimbak Mukundrao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,528 |percentage=15.58% |change={{decrease}}14.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tondchirkar Shivraj Maloji |party=Independent politician |votes=8,999 |percentage=8.48% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Swami Vijaykumar Mallikarjun |party=Independent politician |votes=8,311 |percentage=7.83% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Nabde Anil Prabhakar |party=Janata Dal |votes=7,106 |percentage=6.70% |change={{decrease}}31.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Suryawanshi Vijayprakash Vithoba |party=Independent politician |votes=4,446 |percentage=4.19% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Trimbak Pandurang |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,847 |percentage=2.68% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=24,971 |percentage=23.53% |change= {{increase}}15.93 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=106,109 |percentage=80.39% |change= {{increase}}23.55 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 129,402 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}3.30 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Janata Dal |swing= {{increase}}1.13 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Her<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Tondchirkar Shivraj Maloji |party=Janata Dal |votes=29,706 |percentage=37.98% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dharmaraj Girjappa Sonkawade |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,756 |percentage=30.38% |change={{decrease}}17.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ganpatrao Kamaji Sabane |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,660 |percentage=14.91% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Avinash Madhavrao Bolegave |party=Independent politician |votes=2,495 |percentage=3.19% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Trimbak Maroti Kochewad |party=Independent politician |votes=2,056 |percentage=2.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Syed Hussain Munna Mohammed Sab Madari |party=Independent politician |votes=1,942 |percentage=2.48% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Trimbak Pandurang |party=Independent politician |votes=1,167 |percentage=1.49% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,950 |percentage=7.61% |change= {{decrease}}1.77 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=78,209 |percentage=57.39% |change= {{increase}}5.23 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 133,816 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.26 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Dal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}9.57 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Her<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Dharmaraj Girjappa Sonkawade |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,474 |percentage=47.56% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Trimbak Pandurang |party=Janata Party |votes=22,057 |percentage=38.18% |change={{increase}}6.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Suresh Narsingrao Trimukhe |party=Independent politician |votes=4,043 |percentage=7.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Padmawati Sambhajirao Shelhalkar |party=Independent politician |votes=690 |percentage=1.19% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sutar Narsingrao Mareappa |party=Republican Party of India |votes=674 |percentage=1.17% |change={{decrease}}0.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kolle Gurlingappa Manmathappa |party=Independent politician |votes=571 |percentage=0.99% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Laxman Rama Srinagare |party=Independent politician |votes=457 |percentage=0.79% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,417 |percentage=9.38% |change= {{increase}}1.90 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=57,772 |percentage=52.36% |change= {{increase}}4.09 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 108,561 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.83 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{increase}}8.84 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Her<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Arvind Tulsiram |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=18,464 |percentage=38.72% |change={{increase}}18.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Trimbak Pandurang |party=Janata Party |votes=14,899 |percentage=31.24% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Suryawanshi Maroti Narsing |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes=11,110 |percentage=23.30% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Khadiwala Vithalrao Bapurao |party=Independent politician |votes=1,005 |percentage=2.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sunita Dilip Arllikar |party=Janata Party (Secular) [[Charan Singh]] |votes=680 |percentage=1.43% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhale Govindrao Balaji |party=Republican Party of India |votes=665 |percentage=1.39% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,565 |percentage=7.48% |change= {{increase}}5.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=47,687 |percentage=48.23% |change= {{decrease}}5.58 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 97,075 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.75 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (I) |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}10.14 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Her<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Trimbak Pandurang |party=Independent politician |votes=14,351 |percentage=28.58% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Khadiwale Vithalrao Bapurao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,284 |percentage=26.45% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sonkamble Gopal Shahkar |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=10,098 |percentage=20.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sonkawade Dharmraj Girjappa |party=Independent politician |votes=3,516 |percentage=7.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sutar Narsingrao Mareappa |party=Independent politician |votes=2,951 |percentage=5.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Nilkanth Hulaji |party=Independent politician |votes=2,340 |percentage=4.66% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Sangram Rama |party=Independent politician |votes=608 |percentage=1.21% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,067 |percentage=2.12% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=50,215 |percentage=53.11% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 91,796 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Bhishma Pratigna (1921 film)

2026-01-01T21:38:47Z

JovitaMcClinton: Stub

{{short description|1921 Indian silent film}}{{Use Indian English|date=April 2021}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}

{{Infobox film
| native_name = భీష్మ ప్రతిజ్ఞ
| director = [[Raghupathi Surya Prakash]]
| producer = Raghupathi Surya Prakash [[Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu]]
| starring = Ragupathi Surya Prakash Peggy Castello
| studio = Star of the East
| released = {{Film date|1921}}
| country = India
| language = Silent
| budget = ₹12,000
| gross = ₹60,000
}}

'''''Bhishma Pratigna''''' ({{Translation|The oath of [[Bhishma]]}}) is a 1921 Indian [[Hindu mythological film|Hindu mythological]] [[silent film]] directed by [[Raghupathi Surya Prakash]] (R. S. Prakash).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-02-01 |title=Bhishma (1936) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/bhishma-1936/article5642768.ece |access-date=2023-03-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |quote=The first silent version was produced and directed in 1921 by the now forgotten Indian film pioneer R. Prakash (then known as R. Suryaprakash or R.S. Prakash).}}</ref> Produced by Surya Prakash and his father [[Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu]] under the Star of the East production company, the film stars Surya Prakash as [[Bhishma]] and Peggy Castello as [[Ganga (goddess)|Ganga]]. It is widely recognised as the first Telugu [[feature film]]<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Thoraval |first=Yves |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-OpkAAAAMAAJ&q=Bhishma+Pratigna+(1921+film) |title=The Cinemas of India |date=2000 |publisher=Macmillan India |isbn=978-0-333-93410-4 |pages=346 |language=en}}</ref> and is also considered by some film historians to be the first feature film produced in [[South India]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9c1kAAAAMAAJ&q=Bhishma+Pratigna+(1921+film) |title=Hindi Cinema Year Book |date=2002 |publisher=Screen World Publication |pages=21 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0wY6AQAAIAAJ&q=Bhishma+1921 |title=Asian Film Directory and Who's who |date=1952 |pages=33 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g1c8AAAAMAAJ&q=Bhishma+1921 |title=Hindustan Year-book and Who's who |date=1989 |publisher=M. C. Sarkar. |language=en}}</ref> The film was released across [[India]], [[Myanmar|Burma]], and [[Sri Lanka]], and was a significant success.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Chabria |first1=Suresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CORkAAAAMAAJ&q=Bhishma+Pratigna+(1921+film) |title=Light of Asia: Indian Silent Cinema, 1912-1934 |last2=Usai |first2=Paolo Cherchi |date=1994 |publisher=Wiley Eastern |isbn=978-81-224-0680-1 |page=15 |language=en}}</ref> Made on a budget of {{INR}}12,000 (worth {{INR}}2.2 [[crore]] in 2021 prices), it earned {{INR}}60,000 in returns.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Baskaran |first=Sundararaj Theodore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tOEDAAAAMAAJ&q=Bhishma+1921 |title=The Message Bearers: The Nationalist Politics and the Entertainment Media in South India, 1880-1945 |date=1981 |publisher=Cre-A |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==

* [[Raghupathi Surya Prakash]] as [[Bhishma]]
* Peggy Castello as [[Ganga (goddess)|Ganga]]
* Bunny Osten
* A. Narayanan

== Production ==
''Bhishma Pratigna'' is notable for being the first film made by a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] producer.<ref name="shodhganga">{{cite web |last=Rao |first=Akkina Mareswara |date=1997 |title=Celluloid and its past: Cultural and ideological mediation of Telugu cinema in colonial Andhra's Past |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/25594/7/07_chapter%202.pdf |access-date=19 August 2016 |website=[[University of Hyderabad]] |page=93}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Thoraval |first=Yves |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-OpkAAAAMAAJ&q=Bhishma+Pratigna+(1921+film) |title=The Cinemas of India |date=2000 |publisher=Macmillan India |isbn=978-0-333-93410-4 |language=en}}</ref> [[Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu]] sent his son, [[Raghupathi Surya Prakash]] (R. S. Prakash), abroad to study filmmaking. Prakash trained at [[Barker Motion Photography]] in [[Ealing]], [[London]], and furthered his studies in [[Paris]] ([[Pathé]]), [[Germany]] (where he observed [[F. W. Murnau]]'s work), and [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thoraval |first=Yves |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-OpkAAAAMAAJ&q=Surya+Prakash |title=The Cinemas of India |date=2000 |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan India]] |isbn=978-0-333-93410-4 |pages=16 |language=en |quote=Raghupathi Surya Prakash (or Prakasa) was sent to study the cinema industries of London, Paris (Pathe), Germany, and Hollywood. He started the 'Star of the East Film Company' and went on to direct films in Telugu and Tamil.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jayasiṃha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VkbA_5plHN8C&q=raghupathi+surya+prakash |title=Indian Cinema Through the Century |date=2015 |publisher=[[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]], [[Government of India]] |isbn=978-81-230-1991-8 |pages=104 |language=en |quote=Raghupathi Venkaiah had sent his son Raghupathi Surya Prakash Rao to learn about filmmaking in England. He was attached to Barker Studio in London. He made many silent movies on return from there.}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&dq=Surya+Prakash+was+educated+by+Christian+missionaries+in+Vepery.&pg=RA1-PA1994-IA20 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |date=1994 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |isbn=978-0-85170-455-5 |pages=1994–1995 |language=en}}</ref> Upon returning to India, Prakash established Star of the East, the first Telugu-owned film production company.<ref name=":12" /> In 1921, the father-son duo produced ''Bhishma Pratigna'', with Prakash directing and starring in the title role, while [[English people|English]] actress Peggy Castello played Ganga.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Garga |first=Bhagwan Das |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXRZAAAAMAAJ&q=Bhishma+Pratigna+(1921+film) |title=So Many Cinemas: The Motion Picture in India |date=1996 |publisher=Eminence Designs |isbn=978-81-900602-1-9 |page=51 |language=en}}</ref>

The pair went on to produce other films such as ''Matsyavatar'' and ''Nandanar'' (1923), and ''Gajendra Moksham'' (1923). Notable filmmakers [[C. Pullayya]] and [[Y. V. Rao]] began their careers as followers of Prakash.<ref name=":12" />

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt0254184}}

[[Category:1921 films]]
[[Category:1921 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1920s historical films]]
[[Category:1920s historical drama films]]
[[Category:1921 drama films]]
[[Category:Indian silent films]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films directed by R. S. Prakash]]
[[Category:Silent drama films]]
[[Category:1921 Indian films]]

United India Insurance Company

2025-12-28T08:24:27Z

JovitaMcClinton: started new data

{{short description|Indian public sector insurance company}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=February 2025}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=February 2025}}
{{Promotional|date=February 2025}}
}}
{{use Indian English|date=October 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox company
| logo = United India Insurance.svg
| name = United India Insurance Co. Ltd.
| type = [[Public Sector Undertakings in India|Central Public Sector Undertaking]]
| industry = [[Insurance]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1938|02|18|df=y}}
| hq_location_city = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| hq_location_country = [[India]]
| key_people = Bhupesh Sushil Rahul ([[Chairman]] & [[Managing Director|MD]])
| locations =
| area_served = India
| products = {{ubl|[[General insurance]]|[[Vehicle insurance]]|[[Health insurance]]|[[Marine insurance]]|[[Property insurance]]|[[Crop insurance]]|[[Aviation insurance]] |[[Fidelity bond]] }}
| owner = [[Government of India]]
| parent =
| revenue_year = 2022-23
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|17644|c}}<ref name="FinData">{{cite web |url=https://uiic.co.in/sites/default/files/uploads/publicdisclosure/Annual_Report_2022-23.pdf |title=Annual Report 2022-23: Summary of Financial Statements|page=281 |author= |date=12 September 2023 |website=uiic.co.in/ |publisher=United India Insurance Company Limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207043042/https://uiic.co.in/sites/default/files/uploads/publicdisclosure/Annual_Report_2022-23.pdf|archive-date=2024-02-07 |access-date=7 February 2024|quote=}}</ref>
| income_year = 2022-23
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|-415|c}}
| net_income_year = 2022-23
| net_income = {{decrease}} {{INRConvert|-2829|c}}
| equity_year = 2022-23
| equity = {{INRConvert|3905|c}}
| num_employees = 9,306
| num_employees_year = 2023-24
| website = {{url|https://uiic.co.in/web/}}
}}
'''United India Insurance Company Limited''' (''UIICL'') is an Indian [[Public Sector Undertakings in India|public sector]] insurance company owned by the [[Government of India]] and administered by the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]]. Headquartered in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], the company has 30 regional offices and more than 1,400 operating offices nationwide. The company was incorporated on 18 February 1938 and nationalized in 1972.

== History ==
UIIC was incorporated on 18 February 1938 in Chennai. Following the nationalisation of the general insurance industry in terms of the provisions of the General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Act, 1972 (GIBNA), 12 Indian insurance companies, four cooperative insurance societies, and the Indian operations of 5 foreign insurers, besides the general insurance operations of the southern region of [[Life Insurance Corporation|Life Insurance Corporation of India]] were merged with UIIC. The Government of India transferred all the shares of the merged entity to the [[General Insurance Corporation of India]] (GIC).<ref name="GIC">{{cite web |url=https://www.gicre.in/en/about-us/history-in-brief|title=History in Brief|author= |date= |website=gicre.in/ |publisher=General Insurance Corporation of India|access-date=7 February 2024|quote=}}</ref> UIIC became one of the four subsidiaries of GIC, with its headquarters in Chennai.

With the ''General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Amendment Act 2002 (40 of 2002)'' coming into force on March 21, 2003, GIC ceased to be a holding company of its subsidiaries. The ownership of the four erstwhile subsidiary companies and the General Insurance Corporation of India was vested with the Government of India. All company shares held by the GIC were transferred to the central government.<ref name = "GIC"/>

== See also ==
* [[Insurance in India]]
* [[General Insurance Corporation of India]]

== External links ==
* {{official}}
* [https://hitpa.co.in/ Health Insurance TPA of India Limited]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Insurance in India}}

[[Category:Financial services companies established in 1938]]
[[Category:General insurance companies of India]]
[[Category:Government-owned insurance companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies nationalised by the Government of India]]
[[Category:Financial services companies based in Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1938]]
[[Category:2018 mergers and acquisitions]]

Swaran Lata (singer)

2025-12-17T17:20:01Z

JovitaMcClinton: updated intro for consistency for accuracy

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Swaran Lata
| landscape = 
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Swaran Kanta
| native_name = ਸ੍ਵਰਨ ਲਤਾ
| native_name_lang = pa
| alias =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1938|11|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Jarhaan Wala]], Layallpur district, [[British Punjab]]
| origin =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| genre = [[Folk music of Punjab|Folk]], [[Duet]]s
| occupation = Singer
| instrument =
| years_active = 
| label = [[Saregama|His Master's Voice]]
| associated_acts =
| website = 
}}
'''Swaran Lata''' (born 19 November 1938), or '''Swaranlata''' ({{langx|pa|ਸਵਰਨ ਲਤਾ}}) is a former Punjabi singer of [[Punjab, India|Indian Punjab]].
<ref name="pp">{{cite web |url= https://punjabipost.ca/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%82-%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88-%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87-%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8F-%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82-%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE/ |title= 'ਨੀਂ ਲੈ ਦੇ ਮਾਏ ਕਾਲਿਆਂ ਬਾਗਾਂ ਦੀ ਮਹਿੰਦੀ' ਵਾਲੀ ਸਵਰਨ ਲਤਾ |accessdate= 2 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="am">{{cite web |url= http://www.allmusic.com/artist/swaran-lata-mn0002519392/songs |title= Swaran Lata |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |date= |accessdate= 4 May 2015}}</ref> She is known for her songs like ''Lai De Maye Kaalean Baagan Di Mehndi'', ''Munh Vich Bhabi De, Nand Burkiaan Pave''. She sang almost every Punjabi singer of her time, including [[Harcharan Garewal]], [[Karamjit Dhuri]],<ref name="yt-kd">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EW2A6MX1PRM |title= Thamle De Kol Kol Di (Karamjit Dhuri & Swaran Lata) Old Punjabi Duet |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date= 13 March 2011 |accessdate= 4 May 2015}}</ref> [[Karnail Gill]],<ref name="yt-kg">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8F5jS4EnlcY |title= Rakheya Deyor Kuwara (Karnail Gill & Swaran Lata) Old Punjabi Duet |publisher=YouTube |date= 20 September 2013 |accessdate= 4 May 2015}}</ref> [[Muhammad Sadiq (singer)|Muhammad Sadiq]], [[Didar Sandhu]], [[Gurcharan Pohli]], [[Ramesh Rangila]], [[Jagat Singh Jagga (singer)|Jagat Singh Jagga]], Daleep Singh Deep<ref name="yt-dsd">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVslaTUCMbQ |title= Kurti Mal Mal Di (Daleep Singh Deep & Swaran Lata) |publisher=YouTube |date= 24 September 2013 |accessdate= 4 May 2015}}</ref> and [[Mahendra Kapoor]]. Most of her recording is found with Karamjit Dhuri with whom she performed in live shows for the longest time as well.<ref name="pp"/>

Due to the political situations in Punjab, she stop doing live shows in 1988<ref name="pp"/> and her last performance was at Dhillwan.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lata, Swaran}}
[[Category:Punjabi-language singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:Indian women folk singers]]
[[Category:Indian folk singers]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Singers from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]

{{India-singer-stub}}
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]

Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan

2025-11-22T11:24:16Z

JovitaMcClinton: brief refine content to improve readability further and fixed typos for clarity

{{Short description|Indian musical artist (1927-2017)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan
| image = Ustad Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan 01.jpg
| image_size = 220
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1927|02|18}}
| birth_place = [[Jaora]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{death date and given age|df=yes|2017|1|4|89}}
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], India
| genre = [[Hindustani classical music]]
| occupation = Sitarist, Composer, Innovator, Author
| instrument = [[sitar]]
| years_active =
| label = Various
| website = www.jafferkhanibaaj.com
}}
'''Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan''' (18 February 1927 – 4 January 2017) was an Indian [[sitar]] player. Khan received the national awards [[Padma Shri]] (1970) and [[Padma Bhushan]] (2006) and was awarded the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for 1987.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Padma Awards|publisher=[[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Ministry of Communications and Information Technology]]|url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/advsearch_awards.php?start=0&award_year=&state=&field=3&p_name=Jaffer&award=All |access-date=17 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SNA: List of Akademi Awardees – Instrumental – Sitar |publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] |url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm#InstrumentalSitar |access-date=17 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530204253/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |archive-date=30 May 2015}}</ref>

==Early life==
Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan was born in 1927 in Jaora (35 km away from [[Ratlam]], Madhya Pradesh) as the son of Jaffer Khan, a versatile vocalist, sitarist and [[Veena|beenkar]]. He belonged to the Beenkar Gharana of Indore and was an All India Radio artiste since the early 1940s.<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20050131214703/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2003/07/19/stories/2003071900250900.htm]}}, The Hindu, 19 July 1953.</ref> A few years before the [[Beatles]] met [[Ravi Shankar]], in 1958, Khan collaborated with jazz pianist and composer [[Dave Brubeck]]. Brubeck who was in Bombay through the U.S. State Department sponsored Jazz Ambassadors Program was impressed by the improvisation in Indian music and said that the experience accompanying Halim Jaffer Khan led him to play in a different way. Brubeck says of that meeting, "We understood each other." Khan also performed with the noted English classical guitarist [[Julian Bream]] in 1963.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Ustad and the long-playing sitar | date=22 February 2013 | url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/health-and-fitness/article/the-ustad-and-the-long-playing-sitar-201507 }}</ref>

==Career==
Khan is known for his own style ''Jafferkhani Baaj''.<ref>Mark Slobin; Frank Kouwenhoven Co-editor, CHIME; Ruth Hellier; Carole Pegg; Gerry Farrell Ethnomusicology Forum, 1741-1920, Volume 10, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 123–132</ref> He describes it as, "a synthesis of precision in technique, systematic thought"<ref name="Khan, Abdul Halim Jaffer 2000">Khan, Abdul Halim Jaffer. Jafferkhani Baaj: Innovation in Sitar Music. Kohinoor Printers, 2000.</ref> with a vigorous playing style. Cultural anthropologist and reader at the University of Mumbai, Dr. Kamala Ganesh states: "His music making is full of eclectic yet deeply informed choices. He is a thinking musician but puts across his complex views with a simplicity and feeling which demarcate the articulate performer from the articulate theoretician.... In him, one gets an unmistakable sense... a syncretic tradition".<ref>Khan, Abdul Halim Jaffer. Jafferkhani Baaj: Innovation in Sitar Music. Kohinoor Printers, 2000</ref> The Indian santoor player [[Shivkumar Sharma]] remembers of Khan's performance of the raga Chhayanat: "It was probably in 1955–56, I was relaxing in my terrace in Jammu. In the stillness of the night I heard the notes of Raga Chhayanat on the sitar emanate from my neighbor's radio. I immediately noticed that the tone of the sitar was completely different and the style of playing radically unique. I rushed to switch on my radio.... I was totally engrossed and was very curious to know who this maestro was."<ref name="Khan, Abdul Halim Jaffer 2000"/>

Khan has been credited with bringing Carnatic ragas Kirwani, Kanakangi, Latangi, Karaharapriya, Manavati, Ganamurti, and others into the sitar repertoire, rendering them through a Hindustani sensibility and in the Jafferkhani style. He was the first Hindustani musician to collaborate with Carnatic music in a performance with renowned Veena player [[Emani Sankara Sastry]]{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}.

Khan was also involved with Indian cinema. Music Director [[Khwaja Khurshid Anwar]] introduced him to the Hindi film industry in 1946 at the age of 17 when he played sitar in the songs of film ''[[Parwana (1947 film)|Parwana]]''. He also composed and played for films like ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]'',<ref>Kabir, N.M. & Akhtar, S. (2007). The Immortal Dialogue of K. Asif's Mughal-e-Azam. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0054098/awards|title = Mughal-E-Azam - IMDb|website = [[IMDb]]}}</ref> ''[[Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baaje]]'' (1971), ''[[Goonj Uthi Shehnai]]'' (1959), ''[[Kohinoor (1960 film)|Kohinoor]]'' (1960) and collaborated with noted music directors such as [[Vasant Desai]], [[C. Ramachandra]], [[Madan Mohan (music director)|Madan Mohan]] and [[Naushad]] who has said, "he not only enriched film music, but his participation lent prestige to my songs."<ref>Dhaneshwar, Amarendra. [http://www.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article&sectname=Entertainment%20-%20Music&sectid=135contentid=20100219201002190231323789da5e29a ''Strings Attached''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702222607/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article&sectname=Entertainment%20-%20Music&sectid=135contentid%3D20100219201002190231323789da5e29a |date= 2 July 2010 }}, "The Times of India", 19 February 2010.</ref><ref name=TheHindu>{{cite news| url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/His-baaj-had-no-boundaries/article17028084.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302172941/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/His-baaj-had-no-boundaries/article17028084.ece|title=His baaj had no boundaries (Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan)|author=Kamala Ganesh|newspaper=The Hindu newspaper|archive-date=2 March 2021|date=12 January 2017|access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref> Music critic for the Times of India, Amarendra Dhaneshwar described Khan's playing as, "Sitar virtuosity at its peak."<ref>Dhaneshwar, Amarendra Reporter. "Sitar Virtuosity at Its Peak: Ustad Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan is one of the greatest sitar maestros of the country." Times of India, Bennett, Coleman & Company Limited, February 17, 2004.</ref>

In 1976, Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan established Halim Academy of Sitar, India's first sitar academy in Bombay (now Mumbai), Maharashtra, with Chief Minister Yashwantrao Chavan as its inaugural Chief Guest<ref>Staff Reporter. "Country's First Sitar Academy: Opening in City." Times of India, Bennett, Coleman & Company Limited, October 21, 1976.</ref>
[[File:Halim Academy of Sitar.jpg|thumb|Sitarist Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan at the Halim Academy of Sitar with Chief guest, Sarodist Amjad Ali Khan, and Chair of Dr. Sushilarani-Baburao Patel Trust, Neela Shinde]]

==Death==
Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan died on 4 January 2017, at his home in [[Mumbai]], India, from [[cardiac arrest]], aged 89.<ref name=TheHindu/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/sitar-maestro-ustad-abdul-halim-dead/articleshow/56348230.cms|title=Sitar maestro Ustad Abdul Halim dead|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=5 January 2017|date=4 January 2016|author=Bella Jaisinghani}}</ref>

==Legacy==
Khan trained several prominent sitar players, including [[Ravi Chary]],<ref>{{Cite web | title=A journey home through music: Surasik and UW Yuva Raga co-host ‘Yatra’ concert {{!}} Recreation {{!}} dailyuw.com | url=https://www.dailyuw.com/arts_and_culture/recreation/a-journey-home-through-music-surasik-and-uw-yuva-raga-co-host-yatra-concert/article_9d2cc318-6f6f-4928-bcfd-2f73bd5f1f82.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250607125729/https://www.dailyuw.com/arts_and_culture/recreation/a-journey-home-through-music-surasik-and-uw-yuva-raga-co-host-yatra-concert/article_9d2cc318-6f6f-4928-bcfd-2f73bd5f1f82.html | access-date=2025-11-22 | archive-date=2025-06-07}}</ref> and his son, [[Zunain Khan]].<ref>{{cite web | title=A sitar maestro who narrated stories | website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] | url=https://www.theweek.in/webworld/features/society/abdul-halim-jaffer-khan.html }}</ref>

==Works and awards==
===Select awards===
* Tagore Fellow of Sangeet Natak Akademi in 2012<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/citation_popup.php?id=140&at=4 |title=Sangeet Natak Akademi citation |website=sangeetnatak.gov.in |access-date=29 May 2018}}</ref>
* Hanumant Sanman Murari Bapu, 2010
* Godavari Gaurav Kusumagraj Pratishthan, Nashik, 2010
* [[Padma Bhushan]] Government of India 2006<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Padma-Awards-2006/229951 |title=Padma Awards 2006 |date=25 January 2006 |work=outlookindia.com/ |access-date=29 May 2018}}</ref>
* Pillar of Hindustani Society TACCI, Mumbai, 2006
* Lifetime Achievement Award, Legends of India, 2005<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://legendsofindia.org/site/lifetime.html |title=Legends of India Lifetime Achievement Awards |website=Legends of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319191740/http://legendsofindia.org/site/lifetime.html |archive-date=19 March 2015 |url-status=dead |access-date=29 May 2018}}</ref>
* Giants International Award, 2004
* Kala Ratna Mumbai, 2003
* Swarsagar Award (PCMP), Pimpri-Chinchwad, 2003
* Acharya Pt. Ramnarain Foundation Award, Mumbai, 2002
* Sharda Ratna Mumbai, 2002
* Tansen Samman, Gwalior, 2000
* Sangeet Research Academy ITC-SRA Award, Mumbai, 2000
* Srestha Kala Acharya, 1998
* Nada Nidhi Avadhoota Datta Peetham, Mysore, 1998
* Haafiz Ali Khan Award Haafiz Ali Khan Memorial Trust, 1992<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sarod.com/hafiz_ali_khan_a.html |title=Haafiz Ali Khan Awards |website=www.sarod.com |access-date=29 May 2018}}</ref>
* Swar Sadhana Ratna Award, Mumbai, 1992
* Shikhar Samman Government of Madhya Pradesh, 1991
* Gaurav Puraskar, Government of Maharashtra, 1990
* [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]], Delhi, 1987
* Ustad Allauddin Sangeet Ratna Bhopal, 1986
* Civil Medal awarded by the Mayor of Bombay, 1985
* Tantri Vilas, Sur Singar Samsad, Mumbai, 1984
* "Silver Tanpura," AICC Delhi, 1975
* [[Padma Shri]], Government of India, 1970
* Hzt Amir Khusrau Gold Medal, Hyderabad, 1959
* Gold Medal, Bombay State Music Conference, 1956
* "Silver Sitar," Hyderabad, 1955
* Gold Medal All Bengal Music Conference, 1953

===Video===
Narrated by violinist Yehudi Menuhin, Deben Bhattacharya's film ''Raga'' features a young virtuosic Halim Jaffer Khan playing raga Sindh Bhairavi.

===Select discography===
* 75th Celebration Swar Sadhna (Raag Zila Kafi)
* 70th Birthday Release (Raag Tilak Kamod, Raag Jaijaiwanti, Raag Sindhi Bhairavi)
* Columbia (EP) (Raag Mand, Raag Ahir Bhairav)
* Enchanting Sitar (Raag Aarabi, Raag Multani)
* Guzra Zamana (Live in Concert- 1968) (Raag Abhogi)
* His Master's Voice (EP) (Chakra dhun, Thumri in Deepchandi taal)
* Immortal Series: Vol 1 (Raag Pahadi, Raag Kedar); Vol 2 (Raag Kirwani, Raag Jaunpuri)
* Instrumental Classical: Sitar (Raag Jaijaiwanti, Raag Sindhi Bhairavi)
* Lilting Strings (Raag Bhairavi, Raag [[Gaud Sarang]], Raag Kamod, Raag Rageshri, Raag Shyam Kalyan, Raag Yaman Kalyan)
* Live in Jaipur 1968
* A Night at the Valley (Raag Kirwani, Raag Marwa, Raag Pahadi, Chakradhun, Thumri)
* Sangeet Suman (Raag Patdeep, Raag Shyam Kedar)
* Sitar Quintet (Raag Chandani Kedar, Raag Mazamiri, Raag Khusravani, Raag Sharavati, Raag Kalpana, Raag Miya ki Malhaar)
* Sitar Through the Ages [Soofiyana rang, Raag Bhimpalasi, Raag Zila Kafi, Raag Farghana]
* Sitar Ecstasy [Raag Hemavati, Raag Jaitshri, Sufiana Sama (dhun)]
* Theme on Strings (Raag Saraswat Ranjani, Sitar Anjuman, Hulban)
* Ustad Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan (Raag Champakali, Raag Chhaya Nat, Raag Mishra Pilu)
* Ustad Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan (Raag Jaunpuri, Raag Rajeshwari, Raag Anand Bhairav, Thumri)
* Ustad Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan (Raag Araj, Raag Madhyami)
* Ustad Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan (Raag Marwa, Raag Pahadi)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*''Jafferkhani Baaj: Innovation in Sitar Music.'' Khan, Abdul Halim Jaffer. Jafferkhani Baaj: Innovation in Sitar Music. Kohinoor Printers, 2000.

==External links==
*{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p376029|label=Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110614221829/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_story/sra_story_guru/sra_story_guru_links/sra_story_guru_gharana/sitar.html The Beenkar Gharana], ''[[ITC Sangeet Research Academy]]'', Kolkata, 2001.
* [http://www.jafferkhanibaaj.com JafferKhaniBaaj] - Official Website
* [http://www.indrayanikaathi.com/2014/04/sitarists-sitarist.html The Sitarist's Sitarist]
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindustani instrumentalists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Indian sitar players]]
[[Category:Musicians from Madhya Pradesh]]

Lai Khutshangbi

2025-09-28T17:48:11Z

JovitaMcClinton: refined formatting as per guidelines and updated info to improve readability

{{Short description|Demoness in Meitei folklore}}
{{See also|List of creatures in Meitei folklore}}
{{Infobox mythical creature
|name=Lai Khutshangbi
|image=Lai Khutsangbi.jpg
|image upright=1.0
|caption=Lai Khutshangbi, the long handed demoness.
|Grouping=[[Mythology]]
|Sub_Grouping=[[Meitei mythology]] ([[Manipuri mythology]])
|Similar_entities=[[Yenakha Paodabi]], [[Keibu Keioiba]]
|Family=[[Hingchabi]] (demoness)
|Folklore=[[Meitei folklore]] ([[Manipuri folklore]])
|AKA=Lai Khutsangbi
|Country =
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Manipur (stripes variant).svg}} [[Ancient Kangleipak|Ancient Manipur]] (historical)
* {{IND}} (present)
|Region=[[Manipur]]}}
{{Meitei mythology}}
'''Lai Khutshangbi''' (/laai-khoot-shaang-bee/) is a demoness ([[hingchabi]]) in [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei folklore|folklore]] of Antique Kangleipak ([[Ancient Kangleipak|Ancient Manipur]]). She has very long hands. The word "Lai" means "deity or divinity," "Khut" means "hand," and "Sangbi" or "Shangbi" means "long" in [[Manipuri language|Manipuri]] ([[Meitei language|Meitei]]).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TpM8DAAAQBAJ&dq=Khut+hand+Sangbi+long+manipuri&pg=PT53|title=New Folktales of Manipur|last=Oinam|first=James|date=2016-05-26|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=978-1-945400-70-4|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F29jAAAAMAAJ&q=lai+khutshangbi+demoness+long+hands|title=Indian Literature|date=1981|publisher=Sahitya Akademi.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5eBAAAAMAAJ&q=lai+khutsangbi+fairy+long+hands|title=Folk Culture of Manipur|last=Singh|first=Moirangthem Kirti|date=1993|publisher=Manas Publications|isbn=978-81-7049-063-0|language=en}}</ref>
The legend says that when she walks, her long hands touch the ground. Her fingers are as sharp as thorns. She has a large mouth with a long tongue. Her appearance is very frightening.<ref name="Folktales of Manipur">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.language.1358/page/n96/mode/1up|title=Folktales of Manipur|last1=B. Jayantakumar Sharma|last2=Dr. Chirom Rajketan Singh|date=2014|pages=96}}</ref>

== Story ==
There was a man and woman with a little child named Shasi (or "Shachi" or "Leirik" or "Naocha" in other versions) living in an isolated house in a hamlet. Nearby was the forest where Lai Khutsangbi lived.<ref name="Folktales of Manipur"/> She usually stole and ate livestock and human babies from the village. She took advantage of people's loneliness, sowing terror in the people in the village.

Lai Khutsangbi especially wanted to eat the child Shasi. But Shasi's father, Shasipa was so brave that the Lai Khutsangbi was afraid of him. One day, Shasipa left home to work somewhere far away. He would be gone for days. Lai Khutsangbi came to the house at night and asked Shasi's mother, Shasima if her husband was at home or not. Shasima was wise, so she lied and said her husband was at home. Lai Khutsangbi left. But she came back night after night and asked the same question again and again. Shasi's mother also gave the same reply, hiding the true fact that Shasipa was away. After some time, Shasi's father returned home and Shasi's mother told him what had happened. Hearing this, Shasi's father devised a plan to defeat the demoness. That night, he waited for Lai Khutsangbi with a sharpened sword. At midnight, the demoness, as usual, came to ask Shasima if her husband was home.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.language.1358/page/n97/mode/1up|title=Folktales of Manipur|last1=B. Jayantakumar Sharma|last2=Dr. Chirom Rajketan Singh|date=2014|pages=97}}</ref> This time, Shasi's mother replied that he was away from home. Unaware of the trick, Lai Khutsangbi broke through the wall of the house with one of her powerful hands, trying to find Shasi, the child. Shasi's father, who was waiting for this opportunity, chopped off the hand with his sword.<ref name="archive.org">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.language.1358/page/n98/mode/1up|title=Folktales of Manipur|last1=B. Jayantakumar Sharma|last2=Dr. Chirom Rajketan Singh|date=2014|pages=98}}</ref>
Then, the demoness screamed painfully,
<blockquote><poem>
Ayo Ema, I am dead!
Ayo yo Ema ayo yo
Leimadeng deng Ningjaobi
You a big liar
Ayo yo Ema ayoyo<ref name="archive.org"/><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.language.1358/page/n99/mode/1up|title=Folktales of Manipur|last1=B. Jayantakumar Sharma|last2=Dr. Chirom Rajketan Singh|date=2014|pages=99}}</ref>
</poem></blockquote>
Lai Khutsangbi fled from the house, dragging her remaining long arm. The blood flew out of her cut arm and fell onto many plants growing on her way to the forest. It is said that the red patches seen on some plants is her blood. Shasi's father followed her blood trail into the woods. The demoness could not run fast as fast as she usually could because she was injured. Shasi's father caught her and stepped on her other remaining hand. Then, he chopped off that arm too.
The villagers thanked Shasipa for his bravery. From that day onwards, Lai Khutsangbi, the long handed demoness, was never seen again.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Lai Khutsangbi 2.jpg|Lai Khutsangbi
File:The family of Shasi, the child who is desired by Lai Khutsangbi.jpg|The family of Shasi, the child who is desired by Lai Khutsangbi
File:The family of Shasi, the child who is desired by Lai Khutsangbi 2.jpg|The family of Shasi, the child who is desired by Lai Khutsangbi
File:Lai Khutsangbi aiming to the lonely house.jpg|Lai Khutsangbi aiming to the lonely house
File:Lai Khutsangbi coming to human settlement.jpg|Lai Khutsangbi coming to human settlement
File:Lai Khutsangbi coming to the village.jpg|Lai Khutsangbi coming to the village
File:Lai Khutsangbi penetrating the wall of the house with her powerful hand.jpg|Lai Khutsangbi penetrating the wall of the house with her powerful hand
File:Lai Khutsangbi's hand about to chopped off by Shasipa, Shasi's father.jpg|Lai Khutsangbi's hand about to chopped off by Shasipa, Shasi's father
File:Lai Khutsangbi - The first hand being chopped off.jpg|The first hand being chopped off
File:Lai Khutsangbi being followed by Shasi's father.jpg|Lai Khutsangbi being followed by Shasi's father
File:Lai Khutsangbi - The second hand being chopped off.jpg|The second hand being chopped off
</gallery>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Other websites ==
{{Commonscat|Lai Khutsangbi}}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=TpM8DAAAQBAJ&dq=khut+hand+sangbi+long+manipuri&pg=PT53 The Secret of Lai Khutsangbi]
* [https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Spotlight_On_Women.Lai_Khutsangbi_female_power_and_punishment_By_Rubani_Yumkhaibam Lai Khutsangbi, female power and punishment]
[[Category:Meitei culture]]
[[Category:Folklore]]
[[Category:Fictional monsters]]
[[Category:Fictional female demons]]

Hyderabad State (1948-1956)

2025-09-24T14:12:51Z

JovitaMcClinton: started info

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M. Aranganathan

2025-09-13T21:50:36Z

JovitaMcClinton:

{{Short description|Indian writer (1931–2017)}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = M. Aranganathan
| image =
| birth_name = M. Aranganathan
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1932|11|3}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruppathisaram]], [[Kanyakumari district]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2017|4|16|1932|11|3}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamilnadu]]
| occupation = Writer
| children = [[R. Mahadevan]] (son)
[[Parvathy Aka Selvi]] (Daughter)
| awards = Artist Award (Kalaingar Award), Tamil Nadu Government Award, Tirupur Tamil Sangh Award
}}
'''M. Aranganathan''' (November 3, 1931 – April 16, 2017) was an Indian writer.

== Biography ==
He was born in [[Thiruppathisaram]] (Thiruvanparisaram) village of [[Kanyakumari district]]. parents are Mahadevan and Parvathiyammal. Later migrated to Chennai due to work. Deeply involved in [[Sangam literature]], [[Shaiva Siddhanta]], Western literature and films, he started writing for Prasanda Vikatan magazine in 1950. He also ran a literary magazine called Munril, which was published in 19 issues from 1988 to 1996 and is one of the best in the history of Tamil magazines. Many of his works are taught in various universities of Tamil Nadu. His 86 short stories have been translated into English by Shanti Sivaraman. And all his works have been published in the year 2016 under the name of "'Mr. Aranganathan's works'".

A resident of [[Chennai]] for over 50 years, he retired as a clerk in the Chennai Corporation, retired from government service and later resided in Puducherry. He was buried there (Pondicherry) after his death.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.vikatan.com/news/tamilnadu/86653-writer-maarangnathan-passes-away.html | title=எழுத்தாளர் மா.அரங்கநாதன் காலமானார் | date=16 April 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-17 |title=மூத்த எழுத்தாளர் மா.அரங்கநாதன் உடல் நல்லடக்கம் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/tamilnadu/203824-.html |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta}}</ref>

== Literary works ==

* Subject Matter Poem (Essay Collections)
* Vedu Peru (Collection of Short Stories)
* Kadan Hill (Collection of Short Stories)
* Sirapalli (Collection of Short Stories)
* A word of wisdom (Collection of Short Stories)
* M. Aranganathan's stories
* M. Aranganathan's Essay
* Paraliyartu Mandar (New)
* Kaliyutu (New)
* Literary magazine

He has written a total of 90 short stories, two novels and 47 articles. He has also been awarded Tamil Nadu Government Writer Award, Artist Award of Papacy Society, Lily Devasakayamani Literary Award and Tirupur Tamil Sangha Award etc.

== M. Aranganathan Literary Award ==
His son, [[R. Mahadevan]], is serving as a judge of the Chennai High Court. Through his father he also has a great interest in Tamil literature. Also, in memory of father Arangam Mahadevan is presenting Aranganathan literary award to Tamil Scholars. 16 April every year from 2018.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://maaranganathan.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=226 | title=மா. அரங்கநாதன் நினைவு இலக்கிய விருதுகள் }}</ref>

These awards are given to the best writers of Tamil who have been contributing for many years in the field of literature considering their overall literary contribution and activities in two categories such as poetry, short story, novel and essay in one category and drama, translation, research books, poetry, criticism and young writers in another category. The awardees were presented with a cash prize of one lakh each. A sculpture of Aranganathan is also being presented as a souvenir.

Professor K. Panchangam and writer Suresh Kumar Indrajith have received the Literary Award for the year 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.vikatan.com/literature/tamil/ma-aranganathan-literature-fest-and-award-function | title=மா.அரங்கநாதன் இலக்கிய விருது 2023: முன்றில் இலக்கிய அமைப்பு நடத்திய திருவிழாவின் ஹைலைட்ஸ்! | date=18 April 2023 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aranganathan, M.}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Kanyakumari district]]
[[Category:Novels in Tamil]]
[[Category:Award-winning novels]]

Sarsanghchalak

2025-09-01T17:23:00Z

JovitaMcClinton: redirect

#REDIRECT [[List of leaders of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh#Sarsanghchalak]]

Uthiyur Hills

2025-08-18T18:48:17Z

JovitaMcClinton: new!

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Ūthiyūr Hills
| other_name = Poṉṉūthi Hills
| etymology = ūthi
| language = Tamil
| photo =
| map = Tamil Nadu
| location = [[Tamil Nadu]], {{flag|India}}
| range = Uthiyur Hills Range
| coordinates = {{coord|10.8903|N|77.5132|E}}
| district = [[Tiruppur district|Tiruppur]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| nickname = Uuthi Malai, Uuthigiri, Ponnuthi mamalai<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thiruvarul.net/posts/oothiyoor-oothi-malai | title=ஊதியூர் - ஊதிமலை }}</ref>
| elevation_m = 310
}}{{Short description|Mountain in Tiruppur district, Tamil Nadu, India}}

'''Uthiyur Hills''' also known as '''''Poṉṉūthi'' Hills, ''Uuthi'' Malai''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=ஊதியூர் - ஊதிமலை |url=https://www.thiruvarul.net/posts/oothiyoor-oothi-malai |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=www.thiruvarul.net}}</ref> are a range of mountains in the [[Kongu Nadu|Kongu Region]] and span the [[Tiruppur district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The hills is under control of [[Anamalai Tiger Reserve|Anamalai Tiger Reserves]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=காங்கயம்: குடியிருப்பில் புகுந்த பாம்பைப் பிடித்த தீயணைப்பு வீரர்கள் |url=https://www.dinamani.com/tamilnadu/2021/mar/19/kangayam-firefighters-caught-a-snake-inside-the-apartment-3585422.html |access-date=2021-08-23 |website=Dinamani |language=ta}}</ref>

The hills got its name as it is the place where [[Kartikeya|Lord Murugan]] arose due to the use of herbs and blow the smoke for the benefit of the people. ''Uuthi'' in Tamil means Blowing. It is commonly known as ''Poṉṉūdhimalai'' in Tamil.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Subramonian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4hYwEAAAQBAJ&dq=uthiyur+hills+height&pg=PT12 |title=Secret of Shiva Linga |date=2021-04-04 |publisher=Pustaka Digital Media |language=en}}</ref>

Located here is the shrine of [[Kartikeya|Lord Murugan]], the holy place where classical Tamil poet Arunagirinathar sung [[Thiruppugazh]](106). This hills is also home to ''Thavapeedam'' of [[Siddhar|Kongana Siddhar]], one of the 18 great [[Siddhar|Siddhars]]. Ancient symbols and sculptures are found on this hill depicting the culture of the [[Hindus]] and [[Tamils]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pon Uthiyur Hills & Konganar Siddhar Samadhi (Karur - Tamil Nadu) |url=https://travel.bhushavali.com/2010/05/uthiyur-hills-aka-pon-uthiyur-konganar.html |access-date=2021-04-24}}</ref> Various archeological sculptures around the hill bear historical pride.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pon Uthiyur Hills & Konganar Siddhar Samadhi (Karur - Tamil Nadu) |url=https://travel.bhushavali.com/2010/05/uthiyur-hills-aka-pon-uthiyur-konganar.html |access-date=2021-04-30}}</ref> The speciality of this pilgrimage is the clay pipes which Konguna siddhar used to make gold still exists here.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uthanda Velayutha Swami Temple : Uthanda Velayutha Swami Temple Details {{!}} Uthanda Velayutha Swami- Uthiyur {{!}} Tamilnadu Temple {{!}} உத்தண்ட வேலாயுத சுவாமி |url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=1547 |access-date=2021-05-14 |website=[[Dinamalar]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=காமராஜ் |first=மு ஹரி |title=சித்தர்கள் உலாவும் பொன்னூதி மாமலை... |url=https://www.vikatan.com/spiritual/temples/145043-pon-uthiyur-konganar-cave-siddhars |access-date=2021-05-14 |website=www.vikatan.com/ |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Subramonian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzTwCgAAQBAJ&dq=Uthiyur&pg=PT136 |title=Professor's Diary |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-93-5206-518-9 |language=en}}</ref>

== Mythology ==
The famous mythology about the Uthiyur hills is based on Hindu epic [[Ramayana]]. During the great [[Ramayana]] war between [[Rama]] and [[Ravana]] in [[Ceylon]], Rama's brother [[Lakshmana]] was struck by an arrow sent by [[Indrajit]] and he almost died. So to cure him, [[Jambavan]] asked [[Hanuman]] to get a [[Sanjeevani (plant)|Sanjeevani herb]] from the [[Himalayan Range]] between Taurus and [[Mount Kailash|Kailash]] peaks and Hanuman followed it. But he could not find the herb in the particular place on the mountain between the 2 peaks. So frustrated he felt like breaking the mountain into pieces. But he suddenly had the idea to lift the whole mountain and take it to [[Jambavan]], and he did. When he flew the entire length of India from the [[Himalayas]] to [[Ceylon|Sri Lanka]] a few parts of the mountain fell in several places along the length. One of them was in [[Kongu Nadu|Kongu region]] named as ''Poṉṉūthi malai''. As soon as Hanuman left, Jambavan took the [[Sanjeevani (plant)|Sanjeevani herb]] from the hill and gave its juice to the entire battalion and saved everyone's life.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-16 |title=ஊதிமலை உத்தண்ட வேலாயுதசுவாமி திருத்தலம் {{!}}{{!}} othimalai velayutha swamy temple |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/devotional/devotionaltopnews/2020/06/16074052/1617898/othimalai-velayutha-swamy-temple.vpf |access-date=2021-08-23 |website=Maalaimalar |language=English |archive-date=17 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017120150/https://www.maalaimalar.com/devotional/devotionaltopnews/2020/06/16074052/1617898/othimalai-velayutha-swamy-temple.vpf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ஊதியூர் மலை – சரவணன் அன்பே சிவம் |url=https://tsaravanan.com/%e0%ae%8a%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%af%e0%af%82%e0%ae%b0%e0%af%8d-%e0%ae%ae%e0%ae%b2%e0%af%88/ |access-date=2021-08-23 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mountains of Sanjeevani |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/health/mountains-of-sanjeevani-55943 |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=www.downtoearth.org.in |language=en}}</ref>

The hill, to this day, contains all the medicinal plants including [[Sanjeevani (plant)|Sanjeevani herb]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pon Uthiyur Hills & Konganar Siddhar Samadhi (Karur - Tamil Nadu) |url=https://travel.bhushavali.com/2010/05/uthiyur-hills-aka-pon-uthiyur-konganar.html |access-date=2021-08-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=கொங்கண சித்தர் |url=https://tamilandvedas.com/tag/%e0%ae%95%e0%af%8a%e0%ae%99%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%95%e0%ae%a3-%e0%ae%9a%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%a4%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%b0%e0%af%8d/ |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=Tamil and Vedas |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Page 374 - hindustantimes.com- Read all stories from hindustantimes.com |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/ |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Subramonian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzTwCgAAQBAJ&dq=ramayana+uthiyur&pg=PT135 |title=Professor's Diary |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-93-5206-518-9 |language=en}}</ref>

Due to presence of many medicinal plants it is called as '''Sanjeevi Hill of South.'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pon Uthiyur Hills & Konganar Siddhar Samadhi (Karur - Tamil Nadu) |url=https://travel.bhushavali.com/2010/05/uthiyur-hills-aka-pon-uthiyur-konganar.html |access-date=2021-08-01}}</ref>

== Temples ==
There are many [[Hindu temple|temples]] across the wide Uthiyur hills maintained by [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]. Few important ones are Uthanda Velayudhasamy Temple, Chetti Thambiran Siddhar Temple and Uchi Pilayar Temple.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pon Uthiyur Hills & Konganar Siddhar Samadhi (Karur – Tamil Nadu) |url=https://travel.bhushavali.com/2010/05/uthiyur-hills-aka-pon-uthiyur-konganar.html |access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref>

Located here is the shrine of [[Kartikeya|Lord Murugan]], the holy place where classical Tamil poet Arunagirinathar sung [[Thiruppugazh]](106). Ancient symbols and sculptures are found on this hill depicting the culture of the [[Hindus]] and [[Tamils]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Subramonian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzTwCgAAQBAJ&dq=Uthiyur&pg=PT136 |title=Professor's Diary |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-93-5206-518-9 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Uthanda Velayudha Samy Temple ===
Uthanda Velayudasamy Temple is the main shrine in the town built in [[dravidian architecture]] dedicated to [[Lord Murugan]] in hills. It attracts thousands of visitors across the district.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pon Uthiyur Hills & Konganar Siddhar Samadhi (Karur – Tamil Nadu) |url=https://travel.bhushavali.com/2010/05/uthiyur-hills-aka-pon-uthiyur-konganar.html |access-date=1 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Uthanda Velayutha Swami Temple : Uthanda Velayutha Swami Temple Details {{!}} Uthanda Velayutha Swami- Uthiyur {{!}} Tamilnadu Temple {{!}} உத்தண்ட வேலாயுத சுவாமி |url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=1547 |access-date=1 August 2021 |website=[[Dinamalar]]}}</ref> It has lots of ancient [[Religious text|scriptures]] in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] found by [[archaeologists]] dating to 9th century CE.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archaeology |url=https://www.tnarch.gov.in/inscription/book?page=157 |access-date=1 August 2021 |website=www.tnarch.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archaeology |url=https://www.tnarch.gov.in/inscription/book?page=158 |access-date=1 August 2021 |website=www.tnarch.gov.in}}</ref> It is located in flight of 100 steps from the ground.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Subramonian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4hYwEAAAQBAJ&dq=Uthiyur&pg=PT20 |title=Secret of Shiva Linga |date=4 April 2021 |publisher=Pustaka Digital Media |language=en}}</ref>

=== Chetty Thampirān Siddhar Temple ===
This is abode of Chetty Thampiraan siddhar who is known as sisya of Kongunar Sidhar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uthiyur - Temples in Tiruppur, coimbatore |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6457/1/44632_1961_COI.pdf}}</ref>

=== Uchi Pillayar Temple ===
This is a hill top temple dedicated for [[Lord Ganesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pon Uthiyur Hills & Konganar Siddhar Samadhi (Karur – Tamil Nadu) |url=https://travel.bhushavali.com/2010/05/uthiyur-hills-aka-pon-uthiyur-konganar.html |access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref> There is only two-wheeler road. It has electricity, light and water facilities. It is located at 1080m above sea level.

=== Kongana Sidhar Temple ===
The hills is said to be place where great sage '''''Koṅgaṉa siddhar''''' lived. Here exists his Jeeva Samathi and meditating rocks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ஊதியூர் கொங்கண சித்தர் கோயிலில் நாளை பஞ்சகலச யாக பூஜை |url=https://www.dinamani.com/all-editions/edition-coimbatore/tiruppur/2019/jul/30/ஊதியூர்-கொங்கண-சித்தர்-கோயிலில்-நாளை-பஞ்சகலச-யாக-பூஜை-3203118.html |access-date=23 August 2021 |website=Dinamani |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2020 |title=ஊதிமலை உத்தண்ட வேலாயுதசுவாமி திருத்தலம் {{!}}{{!}} othimalai velayutha swamy temple |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/devotional/devotionaltopnews/2020/06/16074052/1617898/othimalai-velayutha-swamy-temple.vpf |access-date=23 August 2021 |website=Maalaimalar |language=English |archive-date=17 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017120150/https://www.maalaimalar.com/devotional/devotionaltopnews/2020/06/16074052/1617898/othimalai-velayutha-swamy-temple.vpf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ராமகிருஷ்ணன்,எம்.புண்ணியமூர்த்தி |first=ஜி பழனிச்சாமி,கு |title=சாமியார்கள் – துணுக்குகள் |url=https://www.vikatan.com/arts/literature/136224-samiyargal-bits |access-date=23 August 2021 |website=www.vikatan.com/ |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2019 |title=காரிய சித்திக்கும், பகையை வெல்லவும், வாழ்வில் வளம் பெறவும் கொங்கணர் சித்தரை வழிபடும் முறைகள் |url=https://www.toptamilnews.com/காரிய-சித்திக்கும்-பகைய/ |access-date=23 August 2021 |website=TopTamilNews |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Mountains of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Hills of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tiruppur district]]

Swadhin Kumar Sarkar

2024-10-01T11:41:55Z

JovitaMcClinton: enhance layout for clarity and added references to improve readability

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name=Swadhin Kumar Sarkar
|image=
|image size=
|caption=
|birth_date= {{birth based on age as of date|57|2016|04}}<ref name="MyNeta"/>
|residence=Sarkartola, [[Malda district|Malda]], [[India]]<ref name="MyNeta"/>
|party=[[Bharatiya Janta Party|BJP]]
|nationality=[[Indian people|Indian]]
|office=[[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Member of West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
|constituency=[[Baisnabnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Baisnabnagar]]
|term_start=2016
|term_end=2021
|predecessor=[[Isha Khan Choudhury]]
|successor=[[Chandana Sarkar]]
|office1=
|constituency1=
|term_start1=
|term_end1=
|predecessor1=
|parents=
|relations=
|education=[[B.Sc.]] (Bio), [[Bangabasi College]]<ref name="MyNeta"/>
|spouse=
|children=
|profession=Agriculture<ref name="MyNeta"/>
}}
'''Swadhin Kumar Sarkar''' is an Indian politician and a Member of Bhartiya Janta Party. He was MLA from Baishnabnagar-54 constituency from the period of 2016 to 2021. He lost the election in 2021 WBLA elections.

==Early life==
Sarkar was born to Dwijinder Nath Sarkar. He hails from the village Sarkartola in [[Malda district]] of [[West Bengal]]. He graduated with a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree in [[biology]] from [[Bangabasi College]] in 1981.<ref name="MyNeta">{{cite web |title=Swadhin Kumar Sarkar(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- BAISHNABNAGAR(MALDA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/westbengal2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=671 |website=myneta.info |access-date=14 July 2019}}</ref>

==Political career==
In the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], Sarkar defeated his nearest rival Azizul Haque of [[Indian National Congress]] by 4,497, thus becoming one of three MLAs of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] to be elected in [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]].<ref name="thehindubusinessline">{{cite news |last1=Bose |first1=Pratim Ranjan |last2=Law |first2=Abhishek |title=BJP again gets 10% vote-share in Bengal, takes tally to three |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/bjp-again-gets-10-voteshare-in-bengal-takes-tally-to-three/article8621772.ece |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=Business Line |date=January 20, 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="huffingtonpost">{{cite news |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Piyasree |title=In 7 Kerala Seats, BJP Finished 2nd; Tally In Bengal Goes From Zero To Three |url=https://www.huffpost.com/archive/in/entry/2016/05/19/kerala_1_n_10044102.html |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=HuffPost |date=19 May 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="indiatimes">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Jayanta |title=BJP eyes 2014 gains in Hills |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/BJP-eyes-2014-gains-in-Hills/articleshow/51544153.cms |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=16 April 2016 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN Assembly succession box
| state= WB
| constituency= Baisnabnagar
| before= [[Isha Khan Choudhury]] (INC)
| after=
| years= [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]– }}
{{s-end}}

{{West Bengal Legislative Assembly1}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarkar, Swadhin Kumar Sarkar}}
[[Category:1950s births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Malda district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]

{{WestBengal-BJP-politician-stub}}