https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=JohannaBuckley 2026-08-09T07:00:26Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuttanad_Assembly_constituency&diff=511354 2026-05-06T10:10:01Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: creating stub!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Kerala legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Kuttanad<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | state = Kerala<br /> | constituency_no = 106<br /> | map_image = File:Muttar village.jpg<br /> | map_caption = Muttar village in Kuttanad Assembly constituency<br /> | established = 1965<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | electors = 1,65,172 (2016)<br /> | mla = [[Reji Cheriyan]]<br /> | party = [[Kerala Congress]]<br /> | latest_election_year = 2026<br /> | district = [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Kuttanad State assembly constituency''' is one of the 140 [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies in [[Kerala]] in southern [[India]]. It is also one of the seven [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies included in [[Mavelikara Lok Sabha constituency]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url = https://alappuzha.nic.in/legislative-assembly-constituencies<br /> |website = alappuzha.nic.in<br /> |title = State Assembly Constituencies in Alappuzha district, Kerala<br /> |access-date = 11 March 2020<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Local self-governed segments==<br /> Kuttanad Assembly constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/alappuzha.html<br /> |website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in<br /> |title = Local Self Governments in Assembly Constituencies of Alappuzha District<br /> |access-date = 10 March 2020<br /> |archive-date = 13 March 2011<br /> |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110313040130/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/alappuzha.html<br /> |url-status = dead<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%;&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;30px&quot; |Sl no.<br /> !width=&quot;100px&quot; |Name<br /> !width=&quot;130px&quot; |Status ([[Gram panchayat|Grama panchayat]]/[[Municipality]])<br /> !width=&quot;100px&quot; |[[Tehsil|Taluk]]<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |[[Champakulam]]<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |Kuttanad<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |[[Edathua]]<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |Kuttanad<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |[[Kainakary]]<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |Kuttanad<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |[[Kavalam]]<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |Kuttanad<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |[[Muttar]]<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |Kuttanad<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |[[Nedumudi]]<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |Kuttanad<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |[[Neelamperoor]]<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |Kuttanad<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |[[Pulinkunnoo]]<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |Kuttanad<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |[[Ramankary]]<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |Kuttanad<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |[[Thakazhy]]<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |Kuttanad<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |[[Thalavady]]<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |Kuttanad<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |Veliyanad<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |Kuttanad<br /> |-<br /> |13<br /> |[[Veeyapuram]]<br /> |Grama panchayat<br /> |Karthikappally<br /> |}<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/alappuzha.html<br /> |website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in<br /> |title = Local Self Governments in Assembly Constituencies of Alappuzha District<br /> |access-date = 11 March 2020<br /> |archive-date = 13 March 2011<br /> |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110313040130/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/alappuzha.html<br /> |url-status = dead<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Members of Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Election<br /> !Niyama<br /> Sabha<br /> !Name<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Party<br /> !Tenure<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | 3rd<br /> | K. K. K. Pillai<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> | 1967 – 1970<br /> |-<br /> | [[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970]]<br /> | 4th<br /> | Oommen Thalavady<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> | 1970 – 1977<br /> |-<br /> | [[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> | 5th<br /> | Eapen Kandakudy<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Kerala Congress}}<br /> | 1977 – 1980<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> | 6th<br /> | [[Oommen Mathew]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Kerala Congress (Joseph)}}<br /> | 1980 – 1982<br /> |-<br /> | [[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br /> | 7th<br /> | rowspan=5 |[[K. C. Joseph (Kuttanadu politician)|K. C. Joseph]]<br /> | 1982 – 1987<br /> |-<br /> | [[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]]<br /> | 8th<br /> | {{Full party name with color|rowspan=4|Kerala Congress}}<br /> | 1987 – 1991<br /> |-<br /> | [[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br /> | 9th<br /> | 1991 – 1996<br /> |-<br /> | [[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br /> | 10th<br /> | 1996 – 2001<br /> |-<br /> | [[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br /> | 11th <br /> | 2001 – 2006<br /> |-<br /> | [[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br /> | 12th<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Thomas Chandy]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)}}<br /> | 2006 – 2011<br /> |-<br /> | [[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /> | 13th<br /> | {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Nationalist Congress Party}}<br /> | 2011 – 2016<br /> |-<br /> | [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br /> |14th<br /> | 2016 - 2019{{Efn|A by-election due to the vacancy caused by the incumbent MLA's death was cancelled per the Election Commission of India.|name=|group=}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /> | 15th<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Thomas K. Thomas]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Nationalist Congress Party}}<br /> | 2021-2026<br /> |}<br /> {{notelist}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url = https://eci.gov.in/statistical-report/statistical-reports/<br /> |website = eci.gov.in<br /> |title = Members of Kerala Niyamasabha: Kuttanad<br /> |access-date = 11 March 2020<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Brief election history==<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:16px&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; |Election<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; |Votes polled<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=4 |Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=4 |Runner-up 1<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=4 |Runner-up 2<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Margin of victory<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! <br /> ! Name<br /> ! Party<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Votes <br /> ! Name<br /> ! Party<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Votes <br /> ! Name<br /> ! Party<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Votes <br /> ! Votes<br /> ! Percent<br /> |-<br /> ! [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br /> | 130082 (78.76%)<br /> | [[Thomas Chandy]]<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 50114<br /> | 38.52%<br /> | Jacob Abraham<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 45223<br /> | 34.76%<br /> | [[Subash Vasu]]<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Bharath Dharma Jana Sena}}|[[Bharath Dharma Jana Sena|BDJS]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 33044<br /> | 25.40%<br /> | 4891<br /> | 3.76%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 2016 |access-date=14 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! [[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /> | 118110 (78.63%)<br /> | [[Thomas Chandy]]<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 60010<br /> | 50.81%<br /> | [[K. C. Joseph (Kuttanadu politician)|K. C. Joseph]]<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 52039<br /> | 44.06%<br /> | K. Soman<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 4395<br /> | 3.72%<br /> | 7971<br /> | 6.75%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 2011 |access-date=14 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan =17|[[Delimitation Commission of India|'''''Major delimitation of constituency''''']]<br /> |-<br /> ! [[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br /> | 83460 (75.16%)<br /> | [[Thomas Chandy]]<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)}}|[[Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)|DIC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 42109<br /> | 50.45%<br /> | [[K. C. Joseph (Kuttanadu politician)|K. C. Joseph]]<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Kerala Congress}}|[[Kerala Congress|KEC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 36728<br /> | 44.01%<br /> | Thomas<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Independent (politician)}}|[[Independent (politician)|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 1553<br /> | 1.86%<br /> | 5381<br /> | 6.44%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3762-kerala-2006/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 2006 |access-date=14 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! [[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br /> | 84639 (71.02%)<br /> | [[K. C. Joseph (Kuttanadu politician)|K. C. Joseph]]<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Kerala Congress}}|[[Kerala Congress|KEC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 44534<br /> | 52.62%<br /> | [[Oommen Mathew]]<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Kerala Congress (Jacob)}}|[[Kerala Congress (Jacob)|KEC(J)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 34144<br /> | 40.34%<br /> | A. K. Chacko<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 4243<br /> | 5.01%<br /> | 10390<br /> | 12.28%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3760-kerala-2001/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 2001 |access-date=14 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! [[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br /> | 87889 (73.10%)<br /> | [[K. C. Joseph (Kuttanadu politician)|K. C. Joseph]]<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Kerala Congress}}|[[Kerala Congress|KEC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 44532<br /> | 50.67%<br /> | J. Joseph<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 40447<br /> | 46.02%<br /> | G. Mohandas<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 2602<br /> | 2.96%<br /> | 4085<br /> | 4.65%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3759-kerala-1996/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 1996 |access-date=14 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! [[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br /> | 86408 (73.07%)<br /> | [[K. C. Joseph (Kuttanadu politician)|K. C. Joseph]]<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Kerala Congress}}|[[Kerala Congress|KEC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 45669<br /> | 52.85%<br /> | P. D. Luke<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 36673<br /> | 42.44%<br /> | S. Radhakrishnan<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 3107<br /> | 3.60%<br /> | 8996<br /> | 10.41%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3758-kerala-1991/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 1991 |access-date=14 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! [[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]]<br /> | 85551 (84.41%)<br /> | [[K. C. Joseph (Kuttanadu politician)|K. C. Joseph]]<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Kerala Congress}}|[[Kerala Congress|KEC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 41096<br /> | 48.04%<br /> | M. M. Anthony<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 37833<br /> | 44.22%<br /> | V. S. Vijayakumar<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 5462<br /> | 6.38%<br /> | 3263<br /> | 3.82%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3756-kerala-1987/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 1987 |access-date=14 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! [[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br /> | 71356 (80.69%)<br /> | [[K. C. Joseph (Kuttanadu politician)|K. C. Joseph]]<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Kerala Congress (Joseph)}}|[[Kerala Congress (Joseph)|KC(J)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 37172<br /> | 52.09%<br /> | G. Suchakaran Nair<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 34184<br /> | 47.91%<br /> | colspan=4|''Only two candidates contested''<br /> | 2988<br /> | 4.18%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3755-kerala-1982/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 1982 |access-date=14 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! [[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> | 70772 (78.09%)<br /> | [[Oommen Mathew]]<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Kerala Congress (Joseph)}}|[[Kerala Congress (Joseph)|KC(J)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 37346<br /> | 52.77%<br /> | K. P. Joseph<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 33256<br /> | 46.99%<br /> | Mathew J. Pallithanam<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Independent (politician)}}|[[Independent (politician)|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 170<br /> | 0.24%<br /> | 4090<br /> | 5.78%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3754-kerala-1980/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 1980 |access-date=14 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! [[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> | 64686 (83.23%)<br /> | Eapen Kandakudy<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Kerala Congress}}|[[Kerala Congress|KEC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 34161<br /> | 52.81%<br /> | K. P. Joseph<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 27014<br /> | 41.76%<br /> | K. Ravu<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Independent (politician)}}|[[Independent (politician)|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 3054<br /> | 4.72%<br /> | 7147<br /> | 11.05%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3753-kerala-1977/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 1977 |access-date=14 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan =17|[[Delimitation Commission of India|'''''Major delimitation of constituency''''']]<br /> |-<br /> ! [[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970]]<br /> | 57606 (77.67%)<br /> | Oommen Thalavady<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Socialist Party (India)}}|[[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|SP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 27372<br /> | 47.52%<br /> | Thomas John<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Kerala Congress}}|[[Kerala Congress|KEC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 21866<br /> | 37.96%<br /> | P. N. Padmanabhan<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 7743<br /> | 13.44%<br /> | 5506<br /> | 9.56%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3752-kerala-1970/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 1970 |access-date=14 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! [[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | 48938 (79.15%)<br /> | K. K. K. Pillai<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Independent (politician)}}|[[Independent (politician)|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 23797<br /> | 48.63%<br /> | T. John<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Kerala Congress}}|[[Kerala Congress|KEC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 16633<br /> | 33.93%<br /> | M. C. Joseph<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 8508<br /> | 17.39%<br /> | 7164<br /> | 14.70%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3751-kerala-1967/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 1967 |access-date=14 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! [[1965 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1965]]<br /> | 49124 (76.46%)<br /> | Thomas John<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Kerala Congress}}|[[Kerala Congress|KEC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 25319<br /> | 51.54%<br /> | V. Z. Job<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 15067<br /> | 30.67%<br /> | Sonney Sebastian<br /> | {{legend2|{{party color|Independent (politician)}}|[[Independent (politician)|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> | 7684<br /> | 15.64%<br /> | 10252<br /> | 20.87%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3749-kerala-1965/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 1965 |access-date=14 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Detailed election results==<br /> Percentage change (±%) denotes the change in the number of votes from the immediate previous election.<br /> <br /> ===2026===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kuttanad}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Nationalist Congress Party - Sharadchandra Pawar|candidate=[[Thomas K. Thomas]]|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Kerala Congress|candidate=Reji Cheriyan|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharath Dharma Jana Sena|candidate=Santhosh Shanthi|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=Joseph Mathew|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2021===<br /> There were 1,67,970 eligible voters in Kuttanad Assembly constituency for the 2021 Kerala Assembly election.<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kuttanad}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Nationalist Congress Party<br /> |candidate = [[Thomas K. Thomas]]<br /> |votes = 57,379<br /> |percentage = 45.67<br /> |change = {{up}}7.15<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Kerala Congress<br /> |candidate = Jacob Abraham <br /> |votes = 51,863<br /> |percentage = 41.28<br /> |change = {{up}}6.52<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharath Dharma Jana Sena<br /> |candidate = Thampi Mettuthara<br /> |votes = 14,946<br /> |percentage = 11.90<br /> |change = {{down}}13.5<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Democratic Social Justice Party <br /> |candidate = Vinu<br /> |votes = 533<br /> |percentage = 0.42<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = None of the above<br /> |votes = 523<br /> |percentage = 0.41<br /> |change = {{down}}0.16<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) <br /> |candidate = Biju Xavier<br /> |votes = 392<br /> |percentage = 0.31<br /> |change = {{up}}0.02<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 5,516<br /> |percentage = 4.39<br /> |change = {{up}}0.63<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 1,25,636<br /> |percentage = 74.80<br /> |change = {{down}}3.96<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Nationalist Congress Party <br /> |swing = {{up}}7.15<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2016===<br /> There were 1,65,172 eligible voters in Kuttanad Assembly constituency for the 2016 Kerala Assembly election.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016<br /> |website = eci.gov.in<br /> |title = Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Election commission of India<br /> |access-date = 11 March 2020<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Results by party ====<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Kuttanad]]}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Nationalist Congress Party<br /> |candidate = [[Thomas Chandy]]<br /> |votes = 50,114<br /> |percentage = 38.52<br /> |change = {{decrease}}12.29<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Kerala Congress (M)<br /> |candidate = Jacob Abraham<br /> |votes = 45,223<br /> |percentage = 34.76<br /> |change = {{decrease}}9.30<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharath Dharma Jana Sena<br /> |candidate = [[Subash Vasu]]<br /> |votes = 33,044<br /> |percentage = 25.40<br /> |change = {{up}}21.68<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)<br /> |candidate = Nandanan Valiyaparambu<br /> |votes = 371<br /> |percentage = 0.29<br /> |change = {{decrease}}0.03<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Sunny Pathinaril<br /> |votes = 354<br /> |percentage = 0.27<br /> |change = {{decrease}}0.32<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = None of the above<br /> |votes = 346<br /> |percentage = 0.27<br /> |change = {{increase}}0.27<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Jose Koippally<br /> |votes = 263<br /> |percentage = 0.20<br /> |change = {{dash}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Jacob Abraham Panavelil<br /> |votes = 262<br /> |percentage = 0.20<br /> |change = {{dash}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Mohanan<br /> |votes = 105<br /> |percentage = 0.08<br /> |change = {{dash}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 4,891<br /> |percentage = 3.76<br /> |change = {{decrease}}2.99<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 1,30,082<br /> |percentage = 78.76<br /> |change = {{increase}}0.13<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Nationalist Congress Party<br /> |loser = Kerala Congress (M)<br /> |swing = {{down}}12.29<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==== Results by local self-governed segment ====<br /> The results of 2016 Assembly election for each self-governed segment is as follows:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/generalelection2016/PS_LIST_2016.pdf<br /> |website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in<br /> |title = Kerala Niyamasabha Election Polling booth details 2016, www.ceo.kerala.gov.in<br /> |access-date = 15 March 2020<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/BOOTH_WISE_RESULTS/GE2016/045.pdf<br /> |website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in<br /> |title = Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Boothwise Results, www.ceo.kerala.gov.in<br /> |access-date = 15 March 2020<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:16px&quot;<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |No.<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Segment<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Valid votes<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance (India)}}&quot;|<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lead<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Alliance<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Margin of lead<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50&quot; class=&quot;unsortable &quot; |[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF Votes]]<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50&quot; class=&quot;unsortable &quot; |[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF Votes]]<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50&quot; class=&quot;unsortable &quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA Votes]]<br /> |-<br /> !1<br /> ![[Kainakary]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|11966<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|3406<br /> | 28.46%<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''5516'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''46.10%'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|2899<br /> | 24.23%<br /> |[[Thomas Chandy]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;&quot;|'''LDF'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot; style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''2110'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''17.64%'''<br /> |-<br /> !2<br /> ![[Kavalam]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|8894<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|2276<br /> | 25.59%<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''3658'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''41.13%'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|2803<br /> | 31.52%<br /> |[[Thomas Chandy]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;&quot;|'''LDF'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot; style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''855'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''9.61%'''<br /> |-<br /> !3<br /> ![[Neelamperoor]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|8694<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|2450<br /> | 28.18%<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''3259'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''37.49%'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|2855<br /> | 32.84%<br /> |[[Thomas Chandy]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;&quot;|'''LDF'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot; style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''404'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''4.65%'''<br /> |-<br /> !4<br /> !Veliyanad<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|8370<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''3250'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''38.83%'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| 2700<br /> | 32.26%<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| 2344<br /> | 28.00%<br /> |Jacob Abraham<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;&quot;|'''UDF'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot; style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''550'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''6.57%'''<br /> |-<br /> !5<br /> ![[Pulinkunnoo]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|13060<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''4613'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''35.32%'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| 4288<br /> | 32.83%<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| 4022<br /> | 30.80%<br /> |Jacob Abraham<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;&quot;|'''UDF'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot; style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''325'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''2.49%'''<br /> |-<br /> !6<br /> ![[Nedumudi]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|12386<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|4506<br /> | 36.38%<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''5256'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''42.44%'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|2490<br /> | 20.10%<br /> |[[Thomas Chandy]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;&quot;|'''LDF'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot; style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''750'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''6.06%'''<br /> |-<br /> !7<br /> ![[Champakulam]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|9791<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''4061'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''41.48%'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| 3098<br /> | 31.64%<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| 2427<br /> | 24.79%<br /> |Jacob Abraham<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;&quot;|'''UDF'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot; style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''963'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''9.84%'''<br /> |-<br /> !8<br /> ![[Ramankary]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|8234<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|2969<br /> | 36.06%<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''3385'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''41.11%'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|1766<br /> | 21.45%<br /> |[[Thomas Chandy]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;&quot;|'''LDF'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot; style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''416'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''5.05%'''<br /> |-<br /> !9<br /> ![[Muttar]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|5760<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''2315'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''40.19%'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| 2058<br /> | 35.73%<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| 1290<br /> | 22.40%<br /> |Jacob Abraham<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;&quot;|'''UDF'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot; style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''257'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''4.46%'''<br /> |-<br /> !10<br /> ![[Thalavady]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|12031<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|3701<br /> | 30.76%<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''4738'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''39.38%'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|3448<br /> | 28.66%<br /> |[[Thomas Chandy]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;&quot;|'''LDF'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot; style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''1037'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''8.62%'''<br /> |-<br /> !11<br /> ![[Edathua]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|11879<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''5671'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''47.74%'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| 3722<br /> | 31.33%<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| 2353<br /> | 19.81%<br /> |Jacob Abraham<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;&quot;|'''UDF'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot; style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''1949'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''16.41%'''<br /> |-<br /> !12<br /> ![[Thakazhy]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|11263<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|3262<br /> | 28.96%<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''5070'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''45.01%'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|2797<br /> | 24.83%<br /> |[[Thomas Chandy]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;&quot;|'''LDF'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot; style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''1808'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''16.05%'''<br /> |-<br /> !13<br /> ![[Veeyapuram]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|7375<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|2618<br /> | 35.50%<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''3189'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''43.24%'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|1476<br /> | 20.01%<br /> |[[Thomas Chandy]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;&quot;|'''LDF'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot; style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''571'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''7.74%'''<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=2 |Postal votes<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|379<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|125<br /> | 32.98%<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''177'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''46.70%'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|74<br /> | 19.53%<br /> |[[Thomas Chandy]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;&quot;|'''LDF'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot; style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;|'''52'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''13.72%'''<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; |TOTAL<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|'''130082'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;&quot;| '''45223'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;&quot;| '''34.76%'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;&quot;| '''50114'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;&quot;|'''38.52%'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance (India)}}; color:white;&quot;| '''33044'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance (India)}}; color:white;&quot;| '''25.40%'''<br /> |'''[[Thomas Chandy]]'''<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white;&quot;|'''LDF'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot; style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''4891'''<br /> | style= &quot;color:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}&quot;| '''3.76%'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===2011===<br /> There were 1,50,213 eligible voters in Kuttanad Assembly constituency for the 2011 Kerala Assembly election.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011<br /> |website = eci.gov.in<br /> |title = Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2011, Election commission of India<br /> |access-date = 11 March 2020<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Kuttanad]]}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Nationalist Congress Party<br /> |candidate = [[Thomas Chandy]]<br /> |votes = 60,010<br /> |percentage = 50.81<br /> |change = {{up}}6.80<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Kerala Congress (M)<br /> |candidate = [[K. C. Joseph (Kuttanadu politician)|K. C. Joseph]]<br /> |votes = 52,039<br /> |percentage = 44.06<br /> |change = {{down}}6.39<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = K. Soman<br /> |votes = 4,395<br /> |percentage = 3.72<br /> |change = {{up}}2.05<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Shibu Vadakkettom<br /> |votes = 697<br /> |percentage = 0.59<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)<br /> |candidate = P. R. Satheesan<br /> |votes = 373<br /> |percentage = 0.32<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Joseph<br /> |votes = 361<br /> |percentage = 0.31<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Asok Kumar<br /> |votes = 235<br /> |percentage = 0.20<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 7,971<br /> |percentage = 6.75<br /> |change = {{up}}0.31<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 1,18,110<br /> |percentage = 78.63<br /> |change = {{up}}3.47<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Nationalist Congress Party<br /> |loser = Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)<br /> |swing = {{up}}6.80<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2006===<br /> There were 1,11,059 eligible voters in Kuttanad Assembly constituency for the 2006 Kerala Assembly election.<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kuttanad}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)<br /> |candidate = [[Thomas Chandy]]<br /> |votes = 42,109<br /> |percentage = 50.45<br /> |change = {{up}}10.11<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Kerala Congress <br /> |candidate = [[K. C. Joseph (Kuttanadu politician)|K. C. Joseph]]<br /> |votes = 36,728<br /> |percentage = 44.01<br /> |change = {{down}}8.61<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent <br /> |candidate = Thomas<br /> |votes = 1,553<br /> |percentage = 1.86<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = BJP<br /> |candidate = T. K. Aravindakshan<br /> |votes = 1,393<br /> |percentage = 1.67<br /> |change = {{down}}3.34<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent <br /> |candidate = V. R. Anil<br /> |votes = 707<br /> |percentage = 0.85<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent <br /> |candidate = M. J. Alex<br /> |votes = 498<br /> |percentage = 0.60<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent <br /> |candidate = K. D. Joseph<br /> |votes = 186<br /> |percentage = 0.22<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent <br /> |candidate = Joseph<br /> |votes = 169<br /> |percentage = 0.20<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent <br /> |candidate = Abraham Haijia<br /> |votes = 117<br /> |percentage = 0.14<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Invalid<br /> |candidate = Invalidated Votes <br /> |votes = 16<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 5,381<br /> |percentage = 6.44<br /> |change = {{down}}5.84<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 83,476<br /> |percentage = 75.16<br /> |change = {{up}}4.14<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)<br /> |loser = Kerala Congress<br /> |swing = {{up}}10.11<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2001===<br /> There were 1,19,188 eligible voters in Kuttanad Assembly constituency for the 2001 Kerala Assembly election.<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kuttanad}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Kerala Congress <br /> |candidate = [[K. C. Joseph (Kuttanadu politician)|K. C. Joseph]]<br /> |votes = 44,534<br /> |percentage = 52.62<br /> |change = {{up}}1.95<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Kerala Congress (Jacob)<br /> |candidate = Prof. Oommen Mathew<br /> |votes = 34,144<br /> |percentage = 40.34<br /> |change = {{down}}5.68<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = BJP<br /> |candidate = A. K. Chacko<br /> |votes = 4,243<br /> |percentage = 5.01<br /> |change = {{up}}2.05<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent <br /> |candidate = P. R. Satheesan<br /> |votes = 1,718<br /> |percentage = 2.03<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Invalid<br /> |candidate = Invalidated Votes <br /> |votes = 10<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 10,390<br /> |percentage = 12.28<br /> |change = {{up}}7.63<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 84,649<br /> |percentage = 71.02<br /> |change = {{down}}2.43<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Kerala Congress <br /> |loser =<br /> |swing = {{up}}1.95<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1996===<br /> There were 1,22,708 eligible voters in Kuttanad Assembly constituency for the 1996 Kerala Assembly election.<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kuttanad}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Kerala Congress <br /> |candidate = [[K. C. Joseph (Kuttanadu politician)|K. C. Joseph]]<br /> |votes = 44,532<br /> |percentage = 50.67<br /> |change = {{down}}0.53<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = J. Joseph <br /> |votes = 40,447<br /> |percentage = 46.02<br /> |change = {{up}}4.91<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = BJP<br /> |candidate = G. Mohandas <br /> |votes = 2,602<br /> |percentage = 2.96<br /> |change = {{down}}0.42<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent <br /> |candidate = K. C. Sunny<br /> |votes = 130<br /> |percentage = 0.15<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent <br /> |candidate = Thomas Antony <br /> |votes = 110<br /> |percentage = 0.13<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent <br /> |candidate = Mohan Jose<br /> |votes = 68<br /> |percentage = 0.08<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Rejected <br /> |candidate = Rejected &amp; Missing Votes <br /> |votes = 2,246<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 4,085<br /> |percentage = 4.65<br /> |change = {{down}}5.44<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 90,135<br /> |percentage = 73.45<br /> |change = {{up}}0.13<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Kerala Congress <br /> |loser =<br /> |swing = {{down}}0.53<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1991===<br /> There were 1,21,633 eligible voters in Kuttanad Assembly constituency for the 1991 Kerala Assembly election.<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kuttanad}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Kerala Congress <br /> |candidate = [[K. C. Joseph (Kuttanadu politician)|K. C. Joseph]]<br /> |votes = 45,669<br /> |percentage = 51.20<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Kerala Congress (Mani)<br /> |candidate = P. D. Luke<br /> |votes = 36,673<br /> |percentage = 41.11<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = BJP<br /> |candidate = S. Radhakrishnan <br /> |votes = 3,017<br /> |percentage = 3.38<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent <br /> |candidate = K. C. Luke<br /> |votes = 959<br /> |percentage = 1.07<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Invalid<br /> |candidate = Invalidated Votes <br /> |votes = 2,874<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory|<br /> |votes = 8,996<br /> |percentage = 10.09<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 89,192<br /> |percentage = 73.32<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Left Democratic Front (Kerala)<br /> |loser = United Democratic Front (Kerala)<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Kuttanad]]<br /> * [[Alappuzha district]]<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]<br /> * [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Kerala Assembly Constituencies}}<br /> <br /> {{Kerala Niyamasabha elections}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:State assembly constituencies in Alappuzha district]]<br /> [[Category:1965 establishments in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1965]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amritanshu_Gupta&diff=486162 2026-05-03T05:09:23Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian radio journalist}}<br /> {{Orphan|date=August 2016}}<br /> <br /> '''Amritanshu Gupta''' is an Indian entrepreneur, former radio journalist, and a talent manager. He is the founder of Keynchi Worldwide Ventures and manages former Indian cricket legends Virender Sehwag, VVS Laxman among others. He has also worked with several business leaders and brands on endorsements, digital strategy, and campaigns that received industry awards.<br /> <br /> Prior to his work in talent management, Gupta worked in radio broadcasting, where he became known for audience-engagement campaigns, celebrity interviews, and public-interest initiatives. While associated with Red FM and Fever FM, he was involved in campaigns that received industry recognition, including honors at the India Radio Forum Awards and the New York Festivals Radio Awards.<br /> <br /> ==Notable campaigns==<br /> Gupta first came into the public eye when, inspired by the film ''[[My Name is Khan]]'', he staged a campaign to meet Bollywood star [[Shah Rukh Khan]]. Supported by Indian radio station [[Red FM 93.5|Red FM]], Gupta tracked Khan across Mumbai in an effort to meet him. He finally took to camping outside Shah Rukh Khan's home in [[Mannat]] for three days until Khan relented and agreed to meet Gupta. The meeting resulted in a very candid interview that was aired on Red FM.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://ww1.planetsrk.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228161941/http://ww1.planetsrk.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |title=planetsrk Resources and Information. |website=ww1.planetsrk.com }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news-releases/my-name-amritanshu-i-met-shah-rukh-khan|title = My name is Amritanshu, &amp; I Met Shah Rukh Khan!!}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Gupta continued his association with Red FM, launching an [[investigative journalism|investigative]] campaign titled &quot;Jaasoos&quot; in which he did a series of sting operations, and then played a pivotal role in an interview series titled &quot;Red Arrest&quot;, which won the best media campaign award at the India Radio Forum Awards 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.adgully.com/irf-2012-mirchi-takes-the-cake-red-fm-gets-best-station-recognition-50247.html|title = IRF 2012; Mirchi takes the cake; RED FM gets best station recognition| date=23 May 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Gupta left Red FM for [[Fever 104 FM]], where he launched a campaign to have a road in [[Delhi]] named for [[Sachin Tendulkar]], the legendary [[cricket (sport)|cricketer]]. {{As of|July 2013}}, the campaign has not achieved its desired result.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/01/05/will-delhi-have-tendulkar-street/ |title=Will Delhi Have 'Tendulkar Street?' - India Real Time - WSJ |access-date=2017-08-04 |archive-date=2016-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325173621/http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/01/05/will-delhi-have-tendulkar-street/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/01/06/chandni-chowk-wont-become-tendulkar-street/ |title=Chandni Chowk Won't Become Tendulkar Street - India Real Time - WSJ |access-date=2017-08-04 |archive-date=2016-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317214422/http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/01/06/chandni-chowk-wont-become-tendulkar-street/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Other campaigns , Talent management and digital career ==<br /> In June 2012, Gupta produced the program &quot;The day a common man wanted to stand for the Indian Presidential election&quot;, which was recognized by [[New York Festivals]] as the Best Human Interest story in its 2013 World's Best Radio awards. In this campaign Gupta demonstrated the power of the Indian Constitution by making a common man stand for the Indian Presidential Elections.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |title=2013 World's Best Radio Programs Winners<br /> |publisher=[[New York Festivals]]<br /> |url=http://www.newyorkfestivals.com/worldsbestradio/2013/pieces.php?iid=458984&amp;pid=1<br /> |accessdate=9 July 2013<br /> |archive-date=22 December 2015<br /> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092726/http://www.newyorkfestivals.com/worldsbestradio/2013/pieces.php?iid=458984&amp;pid=1<br /> |url-status=dead<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Then, in a campaign called &quot;Mission Rihayee&quot;, he helped a prisoner who had been languishing in Delhi's Tihar Jail for committing a petty crime and being unable to pay the penalty which came with the jail sentence. Gupta not only helped free him but also helped him in getting a job.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.newyorkfestivals.com/worldsbestradio/2013/pieces.php?iid=458983&amp;pid=1 |title=New York Festivals - 2013 World's Best Radio Programs™ Winners |website=www.newyorkfestivals.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222110844/http://www.newyorkfestivals.com/worldsbestradio/2013/pieces.php?iid=458983&amp;pid=1 |archive-date=2015-12-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> This was followed by a campaign in which he helped an [[HIV positive]] victim fight discrimination and find a house in Delhi. In the process, Gupta helped the man reunite with his family.<br /> This Program got Gupta an award for the best Community Service at the prestigious 2013 New York Festivals.&lt;ref&gt;↵http://www.newyorkfestivals.com/worldsbestradio/2013/pieces.php?iid=458985&amp;pid=1 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222125601/http://www.newyorkfestivals.com/worldsbestradio/2013/pieces.php?iid=458985&amp;pid=1 |date=2015-12-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the aftermath of the devastating [[2013 North India floods|Uttarakhand floods]], Gupta helped rescue a family which was stranded there, ensuring that the Uttarakhand Chief Minister himself looked into the matter.<br /> <br /> Following his broadcasting career, Gupta entered sports talent management in 2015, when he began exclusively managing former Indian cricket legend Virender Sehwag following Sehwag’s retirement from international cricket. Gupta has been credited with commercial and digital initiatives during the growth of Sehwag’s post-retirement social media rise. He later added VVS Laxman and Venkatesh Prasad among others to his client roster. <br /> <br /> In 2021, Gupta founded ‘’‘Keynchi Worldwide Ventures’’’, a company involved in athlete management, endorsements, brand partnerships, and digital campaigns.<br /> <br /> Beyond sports management, Gupta has also worked with business leaders, brands, and public institutions on digital strategy , social media management , and communication initiatives.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Amritanshu}}<br /> [[Category:Indian radio journalists]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akbarnagar,_Bihar&diff=485244 2026-05-01T15:13:39Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: made new post first draft</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Town in Bihar, India}}<br /> <br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Akbarnagar<br /> | settlement_type = town<br /> | pushpin_map = Bihar#India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|25|14|09|N|86|50|32|E|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[Community development block|Block]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Bhagalpur district|Bhagalpur]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Sultanganj]]<br /> | government_type = Nagar panchayat <br /> | area_total_km2 = 8<br /> | elevation_m = 40<br /> | population_total = 12000<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Local<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Angika]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 812006<br /> | area_code = 0641<br /> | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in India|STD code]]<br /> | registration_plate = BR-10<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Akbarnagar''' is a town in the Sultanganj block of [[Bhagalpur district]] in [[Bihar]], [[India]]. It is situated on the southern part of the district, about 14 kilometres west of the district headquarter [[Bhagalpur]]. In the year 2011, the town had a population of 12000.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Population finder 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/population-finder |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Geography ==<br /> Akbarnagar is located at the southern bank of the [[Ganges|Ganges River]]. It is bounded by Maheshi to its west, Ahmadpur Sahar to its north, Hario to its east, and Gauripur Chaur to its south. The total geographical area of village is 2070 hectares.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/258/download/682/DH_2011_1022_PART_A_DCHB_BHAGALPUR.pdf |title=Census of India 2011 Bihar District Census Handbook Bhagalpur |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Bihar |page=574 |access-date=12 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> As per the [[2011 Census of India]], the village of Akbarnagar had 31,773 registered inhabitants in 5,384 households. Of the local population, 16,767 were male and 15,006 were female. The working population formed 28.52% of the total population. Average literacy rate of Akbarnagar was 56.71%, of which 10,553 of the male residents and 7,464 of the female residents being literate.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}{{Bhagalpur district}}<br /> [[Category:Villages in Bhagalpur district]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murnad_Assembly_constituency&diff=519211 2026-04-26T15:30:43Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: page</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Defunct constituency of the Mysore Legislative Assembly}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Murnad<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | map_image =<br /> | state = [[Mysore State]] ''([[Coorg State]] till 31 October 1956)''<br /> | electorate = <br /> | established = 1951<br /> | abolished = 1957<br /> | reservation = None<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Murnad Assembly constituency''' was a constituency of the [[Mysore Legislative Assembly]] (part of [[Coorg Legislative Assembly]] till 31 October 1956). The lone election to this constituency was conducted in [[1952 Coorg State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] to the legislature of the [[Coorg State|Coorg State (Kodagu)]] in [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Q5q4MedrFIC |title=India Votes |year=1968 |page=355}}&lt;/ref&gt; The constituency included [[Madikeri]]. This seat was included to [[Mysore Legislative Assembly]] in 1956 during the [[States Reorganisation Act|reorganisation of the Indian States]] based along linguistic lines, the state of [[Coorg State|Coorg (Kodagu)]] was merged with [[Mysore State]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=1 October 2005 |title=SRC submits report |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/01/stories/2005100100040900.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060301045415/http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/01/stories/2005100100040900.htm |archive-date=1 March 2006 |access-date=9 October 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai}}{{failed verification|date=July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Report of the States Reorganisation Commission - 1955 |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-08/State%2520Reorganisation%2520Commisison%2520Report%2520of%25201955_270614%5B1%5D.pdf |year=1955 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250503121440/https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-08/State%2520Reorganisation%2520Commisison%2520Report%2520of%25201955_270614%5B1%5D.pdf |archive-date=2025-05-03 |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=www.mha.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Members of Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Member<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[1952 Coorg Legislative Assembly election|1952]]&lt;ref name=&quot;CoorgECI1951&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4106-coorg-1951/ | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951: To the Legislative Assembly of Coorg (Kodagu) | publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=2020-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022013656/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_COORG.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |[[C. A. Mandanna]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=5 align=center|1957 onwards: ''Seat does not exist.''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|12.314|75.752|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Coorg]]<br /> [[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:1957 disestablishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1957]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Srivilliputhur_Assembly_constituency&diff=537257 2026-04-24T17:01:55Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: made a info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Srivilliputhur<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 203<br /> | map_image = Constitution-Srivilliputhur.svg<br /> | established = 1951<br /> | district = [[Virudhunagar district|Virudhunagar]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Tenkasi Lok Sabha constituency|Tenkasi]]<br /> | mla = [[E. M. Manraj]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> <br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> | reservation = SC<br /> | latest_election_year = 2021<br /> | state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | electors = 224,122 <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Srivilliputhur''' is an assembly constituency located in [[Virudhunagar district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date= 22 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; It comes under [[Tenkasi Lok Sabha constituency]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf<br /> |title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies<br /> |access-date = 2008-10-10<br /> |work = Tamil Nadu<br /> |publisher = Election Commission of India<br /> |url-status = dead<br /> |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090206012938/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf<br /> |archive-date = 2009-02-06<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja]], the former Chief Minister of [[Madras State]], was defeated in this constituency in the [[1952 Madras legislative assembly election|1952 election]]. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.<br /> <br /> == Members of Legislative Assembly ==<br /> === Madras State ===<br /> {| width=&quot;50%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #000000 solid; font-size: x-big; font-family: verdana&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Party<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Runner up<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Party<br /> |----<br /> |1952<br /> |1) [[D. K. Raja]] &lt;br/&gt; 3) [[A. Vaikuntam]]<br /> |[[Independent (politician)|IND]] &lt;br/&gt; [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br /> |2) [[P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja]] &lt;br/&gt; 4) K. Arumugha Perumal<br /> |[[Indian National Congress|INC]] &lt;br/&gt; [[Independent (politician)|IND]]<br /> |----<br /> |1957<br /> |1) [[R. Krishnasamy Naidu]] &lt;br/&gt; 2) [[A. Chinnasami]]<br /> |[[Indian National Congress|INC]] &lt;br/&gt; [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br /> |3) S. Alagarsamy &lt;br/&gt; 4) G. A. Appan<br /> |[[Communist Party of India|CPI]] &lt;br/&gt; [[Independent (politician)|IND]]<br /> |----<br /> |1962<br /> |[[M. Chelliah]]<br /> |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br /> |G. Gurusamy<br /> |[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]<br /> |----<br /> |1967<br /> |[[K. A. A. Gurusamy]]<br /> |[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]<br /> |S. P. Dharmaraj<br /> |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br /> |----<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Tamil Nadu ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br /> | [[K. Gurusamy (Politician)|K. Gurusamy alias Andi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[R. Thamaraikani]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br /> | [[A. Thangam]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| R. Thamaraikani<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br /> | [[R. T. Inbathamilan]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br /> | [[T. Ramasamy]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /> | [[V. Ponnupandi]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br /> | [[M. Chandra Prabha]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /> | [[E. M. Manraj]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> <br /> {{bar box<br /> |float=right<br /> |title= Vote share of winning candidates<br /> |titlebar=#ddd<br /> |width=300px<br /> |barwidth=275px<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|38.09}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|49.32}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|47.79}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|40.92}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|43.88}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|38.50}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|34.28}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|38.65}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.35}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|52.36}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|31.91}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|63.34}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.34}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|57.60}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|26.22}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1952|1952]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|20.43}}<br /> <br /> }}<br /> <br /> === 2026 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivilliputhur}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Mahalingam |party=Communist Party of India |votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Chandra Prabha]]|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karikal Pandian |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Karthi |party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Shyam Krishnaswamy|party=Puthiya Tamilagam|votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 222367|change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2021 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivilliputhur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Srivilliputhur Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a203|access-date= 18 Jun 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[E. M. Manraj]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=70,475 |percentage=38.43% |change=-10.89 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. S. W. Madhavarao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=57,737 |percentage=31.49% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Sangeethapriya |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=23,682 |percentage=12.91% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. Abinaya |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=20,348 |percentage=11.10% |change=+8.95 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Shanthi |party=Puthiya Tamilagam |votes=4,985 |percentage=2.72% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Guruvaiya |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=3,512 |percentage=1.92% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,666 |percentage=0.91% |change=-0.3 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dr. V. Irulandi |party=Tamil Nadu Ilangyar Katchi |votes=942 |percentage=0.51% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,738 |percentage=6.95% |change= -13.58% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=183,373 |percentage=73.16% |change= -3.45% }}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=792|percentage=0.43% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 250,640 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -10.89% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2016 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivilliputhur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Chandra Prabha]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=88,103 |percentage=49.32% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Muthukumar |party=Puthiya Tamilagam |votes=51,430 |percentage=28.79% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Lingam]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=19,415 |percentage=10.87% |change=-36.92 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=I. Ramasamy |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,497 |percentage=3.08% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Kalyanasundaram |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=3,833 |percentage=2.15% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=2,166 |percentage=1.21% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Thamaraiselvam |party=Independent politician |votes=1,695 |percentage=0.95% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Ganesan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,631 |percentage=0.91% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Vellaisamy |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=1,119 |percentage=0.63% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. Karthikeyan |party=Independent politician |votes=958 |percentage=0.54% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=36,673 |percentage=20.53% |change= 16.48% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=178,630 |percentage=76.61% |change= -3.42% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 233,156 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= 1.53% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2011 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivilliputhur&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. Ponnupandi]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=73,485 |percentage=47.79% |change=+6.87 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. V. K. Durai |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=67,257 |percentage=43.74% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Chinnapparaj |party=Independent politician |votes=5,720 |percentage=3.72% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=I. Sundarraj |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,309 |percentage=0.85% |change=-7.17 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. K. Ganesan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,263 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Muniyandi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,248 |percentage=0.81% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Subramanian |party=Independent politician |votes=1,106 |percentage=0.72% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Sundarammal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,021 |percentage=0.66% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,228 |percentage=4.05% |change= -0.83% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=153,759 |percentage=80.03% |change= 7.49% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 192,117 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= 6.87% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2006===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivilliputhur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 2006 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| access-date = 12 May 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[T. Ramasamy]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=55,473 |percentage=40.92% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Vinayagamoorthy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=48,857 |percentage=36.04% |change=-7.84 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Dhamothara Kannan |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=11,218 |percentage=8.28% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Ramaraj |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=10,876 |percentage=8.02% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Murugan |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=3,699 |percentage=2.73% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Rajendran |party=Independent politician |votes=1,590 |percentage=1.17% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Gnana Pandithan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,264 |percentage=0.93% |change=-35.37 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Ramasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=801 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,616 |percentage=4.88% |change= -2.70% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=135,549 |percentage=72.55% |change= 11.93% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 186,842 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -2.96% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2001===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivilliputhur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. T. Inbathamilan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=53,095 |percentage=43.88% |change=+5.38 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Mohanrajulu |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=43,921 |percentage=36.30% |change=+35.22 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Thamaraikani]] |party=Independent politician |votes=15,928 |percentage=13.16% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Parameswaran |party=Independent politician |votes=2,385 |percentage=1.97% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Manokaran |party=Independent politician |votes=2,031 |percentage=1.68% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Jeyaraj |party=Independent politician |votes=1,784 |percentage=1.47% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,174 |percentage=7.58% |change= 0.83% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=120,994 |percentage=60.61% |change= -12.15% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 199,642 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 5.38% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1996===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivilliputhur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 1996 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Thamaraikani]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=49,436 |percentage=38.50% |change=+5.25 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[T. Ramasamy]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=40,769 |percentage=31.75% |change=+2.59 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=E. M. Gurusamy |party=Janata Party |votes=20,364 |percentage=15.86% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Sivasubramanian |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=12,246 |percentage=9.54% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Sivaramakrishnan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,385 |percentage=1.08% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. K. Manokaran |party=Independent politician |votes=762 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,667 |percentage=6.75% |change= 5.72% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=128,393 |percentage=72.77% |change= 4.68% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 183,930 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Independent politician |swing= 4.22% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1991===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivilliputhur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Thamaraikani]] |party=Independent politician |votes=38,908 |percentage=34.28% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=R. Vinayagamoorthi |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,739 |percentage=33.25% |change=+6.03 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Venkadasami |party=Communist Party of India |votes=33,102 |percentage=29.16% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Radhamani |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=2,183 |percentage=1.92% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Ramasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=600 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,169 |percentage=1.03% |change= -10.40% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=113,502 |percentage=68.08% |change= -9.08% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 172,833 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -4.37% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1989===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivilliputhur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Thangam]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=45,628 |percentage=38.65% |change=-6.66 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Thamaraikani]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=32,133 |percentage=27.22% |change=-26.14 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Suppu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,126 |percentage=17.89% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Vinayakamoorthy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=14,375 |percentage=12.18% |change=-41.18 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Govindan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,193 |percentage=1.01% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Thangaiah |party=Independent politician |votes=989 |percentage=0.84% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,495 |percentage=11.43% |change= 3.38% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=118,063 |percentage=77.16% |change= 0.89% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 156,247 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -14.71% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1984===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivilliputhur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Thamaraikani]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=54,458 |percentage=53.35% |change=+0.99 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Senivasan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=46,245 |percentage=45.31% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,213 |percentage=8.05% |change= -11.68% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=102,072 |percentage=76.27% |change= 6.21% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 139,529 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 0.99% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1980===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivilliputhur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf| archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Thamaraikani]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=46,882 |percentage=52.36% |change=+20.45 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Karruppiah Thevar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,216 |percentage=32.63% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Kalasalingam |party=Independent politician |votes=12,459 |percentage=13.92% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,666 |percentage=19.73% |change= 11.12% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=89,536 |percentage=70.06% |change= 2.69% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 129,712 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 20.45% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1977===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivilliputhur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Thamaraikani]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=25,990 |percentage=31.91% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Vaikundam |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=18,974 |percentage=23.30% |change=-40.04 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Alagarasami |party=Communist Party of India |votes=18,876 |percentage=23.18% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. A. Anandan |party=Janata Party |votes=14,901 |percentage=18.30% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Sandiran |party=Independent politician |votes=1,590 |percentage=1.95% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Karuppiah Alias Arivarasan |party=Independent politician |votes=446 |percentage=0.55% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,016 |percentage=8.61% |change= -18.06% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=81,447 |percentage=67.37% |change= -4.85% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 122,386 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -31.43% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1971===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivilliputhur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Gurusamy (Politician)|K. Gurusamy Alias Andi]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=41,522 |percentage=63.34% |change=+9.99 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. P. Dharmaraj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,036 |percentage=36.66% |change=-3.69 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,486 |percentage=26.67% |change= 13.69% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=65,558 |percentage=72.22% |change= -6.26% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 97,077 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 9.99% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1967===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivilliputhur&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2012|access-date= 19 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. A. A. Gurusamy]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=36,732 |percentage=53.34% |change=+10.94 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. P. Dharmaraj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,791 |percentage=40.36% |change=-17.24 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Paliyan |party=Communist Party of India |votes=4,339 |percentage=6.30% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,941 |percentage=12.98% |change= -2.21% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=68,862 |percentage=78.47% |change= 7.30% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,069 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -4.25% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1962===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivilliputhur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|access-date= 19 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Chelliah]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=36,122 |percentage=57.60% |change=+31.37 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Gurusamy Alias Andi |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=26,595 |percentage=42.40% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,527 |percentage=15.19% |change= 5.43% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=62,717 |percentage=71.18% |change= -26.81% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,752 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 31.37% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1957===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivilliputhur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1957 | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf| access-date=2015-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Krishnasamy Naidu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=49,498 |percentage=26.22% |change=+5.86 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Chinnasami]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=31,070 |percentage=16.46% |change=-3.9 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Alagarsamy |party=Communist Party of India |votes=26,181 |percentage=13.87% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Gurusami |party=Independent politician |votes=20,250 |percentage=10.73% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. A. Appan (Sc) |party=Independent politician |votes=18,214 |percentage=9.65% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Singappan (Sc) |party=Independent politician |votes=18,047 |percentage=9.56% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. S. Chinnavenkata Raja |party=Independent politician |votes=9,781 |percentage=5.18% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Chelliah (Sc) |party=Independent politician |votes=8,551 |percentage=4.53% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Karuppanan (Sc) |party=Independent politician |votes=5,386 |percentage=2.85% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. A. Ramasami Raja |party=Independent politician |votes=1,022 |percentage=0.54% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Dharmar Thevar |party=Independent politician |votes=758 |percentage=0.40% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,428 |percentage=9.76% |change= 9.69% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=188,758 |percentage=97.99% |change= -20.99% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 192,625 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= 5.79% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1952===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivilliputhur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1951| url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf| access-date=2014-10-14|archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[D. K. Raja]] |party=Independent politician |votes=35,473 |percentage=20.43% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=35,355 |percentage=20.36% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Vaikuntam]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,172 |percentage=14.50% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Arumugha Perumal |party=Independent politician |votes=15,860 |percentage=9.13% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Siruguppa |party=Independent politician |votes=15,286 |percentage=8.80% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. K. Muthuswami Thevar |party=Independent politician |votes=13,755 |percentage=7.92% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. P. Dharmaraj |party=Socialist Party (India) |votes=9,496 |percentage=5.47% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Annamalai |party=Independent politician |votes=8,589 |percentage=4.95% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. A. Appan |party=Independent politician |votes=8,432 |percentage=4.86% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Govinda Tharaganar |party=Independent politician |votes=6,210 |percentage=3.58% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=118 |percentage=0.07% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=173,628 |percentage=118.98% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 145,933 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> * {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date= 5 October 2010}}<br /> * {{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}<br /> {{coord|9.52|77.63|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Virudhunagar district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sironcha_Assembly_constituency&diff=536177 2026-04-22T12:04:22Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: made entry...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}} <br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency <br /> | name = Sironcha <br /> | type= SLA <br /> | state = Maharashtra <br /> | established = 1962 <br /> | abolished = 2008&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&amp;type=order&amp;filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> | electors = 190,226 <br /> | mla = [[Dharamrao Baba Atram|Dharamraobaba Bhagwantrao Atram]] <br /> | party = {{Party index link|Nationalist Congress Party}} <br /> | constituency_no = <br /> | latest_election_year = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] <br /> | district = <br /> | loksabha_cons = <br /> | reservation = <br /> }} <br /> &lt;b&gt;Sironcha Assembly constituency &lt;/b&gt;was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly == <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; <br /> |- <br /> ! Election <br /> ! Member <br /> ! colspan=2|Party <br /> |- <br /> | rowspan=2| [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || [[Raje Vishveshvar Rao|Raje Vishveshvar Rao Atram]] (St) || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br /> |-<br /> | Weakey Narayansinh Sampatsinh (St) || {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || [[Raje Vishveshvar Rao|Raje Vishveshvar Rao Atram]]|| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || J. Y. Sakhare <br /> |- <br /> | [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Mukundrao Vithoba Alone || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Bhagwanshaha Jiwanshaha Meshram|| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Penta Rama Talandi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Raje Satyavanrao Raje Vishveshvarrao Atram || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || [[Dharamrao Baba Atram|Dharamraobaba Bhagwantrao Atram]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || Raje Satyavanrao Raje Vishveshvarrao Atram|| {{Full party name with color|Nag Vidarbha Andolan Samiti}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || rowspan=2 | [[Dharamrao Baba Atram|Dharamraobaba Bhagwantrao Atram]] || {{Full party name with color|Gondwana Ganatantra Party}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{Center|''2008 onwards : See [[Aheri Assembly constituency|Aheri]]''}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<br /> | Deepak Dada Atram<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br /> | [[Raje Ambrishrao Raje Satyawan Rao Atram]] <br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Dharamrao Baba Atram]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results == <br /> ===Assembly Election 2004===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sironcha}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dharamrao Baba Atram|Dharamraobaba Bhagwantrao Atram]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 42,198 |percentage = 30.61% |change={{increase}}20.94 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Atram Dipak Dada |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 34,831 |percentage = 25.26% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Raje Satyavan Rao |party=Nag Vidarbha Andolan Samiti |votes = 29,499 |percentage = 21.40% |change={{decrease}}0.16 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sau Sagunatai Pentaji Talandi |party=Samajwadi Party |votes = 17,763 |percentage = 12.88% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kumare Bajirao Bituji |party=Independent politician |votes = 8,790 |percentage = 6.38% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Parchake Mahadeo Janardan |party=Gondwana Ganatantra Party |votes = 2,519 |percentage = 1.83% |change={{decrease}}23.31 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Madavi Ramshaha |party=Shivrajya Party |votes = 2,278 |percentage = 1.65% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,367 |percentage = 5.34% |change= {{increase}}5.01 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 1,37,878 |percentage = 72.48% |change= {{increase}}2.47 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,37,878}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,90,226|ref = |change= {{increase}}9.89 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Gondwana Ganatantra Party |swing= {{increase}}5.47 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1999===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sironcha&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dharamrao Baba Atram|Dharamraobaba Bhagwantrao Atram]] |party=Gondwana Ganatantra Party |votes = 27,982 |percentage = 25.14% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Talandi Saguna Penta |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 27,607 |percentage = 24.80% |change={{decrease}}3.99 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Atram Raje Satyavanrao Raje Vishveshvarrao |party=Nag Vidarbha Andolan Samiti |votes = 23,991 |percentage = 21.55% |change={{decrease}}39.23 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Joga Madavi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 20,979 |percentage = 18.84% |change={{increase}}15.32 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Atram Deepak Mallaji |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 10,765 |percentage = 9.67% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 375 |percentage = 0.34% |change= {{decrease}}31.66 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 1,21,193 |percentage = 70.01% |change= {{decrease}}10.80 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,11,324}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,73,100|ref = |change= {{increase}}5.26 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Gondwana Ganatantra Party |loser = Nag Vidarbha Andolan Samiti |swing= {{decrease}}35.65 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1995===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sironcha&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Atram Raje Satyavanrao Raje Vishveshvarrao |party=Nag Vidarbha Andolan Samiti |votes = 80,780 |percentage = 60.78% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dharamrao Baba Atram|Dharamraobaba Bhagwantrao Atram]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 38,257 |percentage = 28.79% |change={{decrease}}7.31 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pendor Chhabildas Sambhaji |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 4,688 |percentage = 3.53% |change={{decrease}}1.67 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kulheti Jailabai Dhanu |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 4,290 |percentage = 3.23% |change={{increase}}2.74 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Talandi Penta Ramaji |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,862 |percentage = 1.40% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Talandi Bapu Bonda |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,740 |percentage = 1.31% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Talandi Ramchandra Rajanna |party=Independent politician |votes = 885 |percentage = 0.67% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 42,523 |percentage = 32.00% |change= {{increase}}26.96 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 1,43,389 |percentage = 87.19% |change= {{increase}}28.84 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,32,904}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,64,456|ref = |change= {{increase}}16.96 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nag Vidarbha Andolan Samiti |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}24.69 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1990===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sironcha&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dharamrao Baba Atram|Dharamraobaba Bhagwantrao Atram]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 26,377 |percentage = 36.09% |change={{increase}}3.76 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Atram Raje Satyavanrao Raje Vishveshvarrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 22,697 |percentage = 31.06% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Madavi Joga Nanayya |party=Janata Dal |votes = 14,364 |percentage = 19.65% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Talandi Bapu Bonda |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,860 |percentage = 6.65% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hichami Manohar Mangru |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 3,800 |percentage = 5.20% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bogami Malu Kopa |party=Independent politician |votes = 565 |percentage = 0.77% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,680 |percentage = 5.04% |change= {{decrease}}19.88 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 76,211 |percentage = 54.20% |change= {{decrease}}0.47 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 73,084}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,40,605|ref = |change= {{increase}}27.22 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}21.16 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1985===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sironcha&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Atram Raje Satyavanrao Raje Vishveshvarrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 33,186 |percentage = 57.25% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Talandi Penta Rama |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 18,745 |percentage = 32.34% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Madavi Joga Nanayya |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,852 |percentage = 8.37% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Naroti Peka Kotti |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,186 |percentage = 2.05% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,441 |percentage = 24.91% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 61,068 |percentage = 55.26% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 57,969}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,10,519|ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1980===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sironcha&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link |candidate=Talandi Penta Rama |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = Uncontested |percentage = |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Independent politician |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1978===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sironcha&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Meshram Bhagwanshaha Jiwanshaha |party=Independent politician |votes = 41,667 |percentage = 81.14% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Talandi Penta Rama |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 5,283 |percentage = 10.29% |change={{decrease}}35.40 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kumre Bajirao Mittya |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,395 |percentage = 4.66% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Karpet Mondi Lachayya |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,009 |percentage = 3.91% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 36,384 |percentage = 70.85% |change= {{increase}}60.66 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 54,454 |percentage = 60.35% |change= {{increase}}4.03 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 51,354}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 90,230|ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.10 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}35.45 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1972===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sironcha&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Alone Mukundrao Vithoba |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 22,733 |percentage = 45.68% |change={{increase}}8.78 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jamnadas Khobaragade |party=Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 17,664 |percentage = 35.50% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shaawan Sukaji Undirwade |party=Independent politician |votes = 5,242 |percentage = 10.53% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Khushal Sakharam Aotare |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 4,122 |percentage = 8.28% |change={{decrease}}8.33 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,069 |percentage = 10.19% |change= {{increase}}5.93 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 52,739 |percentage = 56.05% |change= {{increase}}4.05 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 49,761}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 94,085|ref = |change= {{increase}}18.78 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}4.53 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1967===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sironcha&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=J. Y. Sakhare |party=Independent politician |votes = 15,920 |percentage = 41.16% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=M. V. Alone |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 14,275 |percentage = 36.90% |change={{increase}}18.96 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=L. N. Khobragade |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 6,425 |percentage = 16.61% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=A. R. Gedam |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,063 |percentage = 5.33% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,645 |percentage = 4.25% |change= {{decrease}}42.57 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 42,361 |percentage = 53.48% |change= {{decrease}}11.58 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 38,683}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,207|ref = |change= {{increase}}24.19 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}23.61 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1962===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sironcha&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Vishweshwarrao Dharmarrao Atram |party=Independent politician |votes = 24,955 |percentage = 64.77% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Murli Manoharrao Sriniwas Venkat |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 6,915 |percentage = 17.95% |change={{increase}}1.39 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patruji Tanuji Ture |party=Independent politician |votes = 6,661 |percentage = 17.29% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,040 |percentage = 46.82% |change= {{increase}}44.14 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 43,174 |percentage = 67.69% |change= {{decrease}}47.13 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 38,531}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 63,779|ref = |change= {{decrease}}43.88 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}29.78 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1957===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sironcha&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Atram Vishweshwarrao Dharmrao (St) |party=Independent politician |votes = 42,767 |percentage = 34.99% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Weakey Narayansinh Sampatsinh (St) |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 39,494 |percentage = 32.31% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Poreddiwar Namdeo Balaji |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 20,236 |percentage = 16.56% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Narote Marotrao Raghoba (St) |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 19,729 |percentage = 16.14% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,273 |percentage = 2.68% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 1,22,226 |percentage = 107.54% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,22,226}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,13,653|ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner = Independent politician |loser = |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> {{reflist}} <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}} <br /> <br /> {{coord missing|Maharashtra}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]<br /> <br /> {{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syed_Mohid_Altaf&diff=539002 2026-04-21T23:06:15Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: made new entry...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Syed Mohid Altaf<br /> | image = &lt;!-- Add image if available --&gt;<br /> | caption =<br /> | office = Special Representative of the Government of Karnataka to the Union Government<br /> | term_start = 5 September 2018<br /> | term_end = August 2019<br /> | 1blankname = Chief Minister<br /> | 1namedata = [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]]<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1978|07|28}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Karnataka]], India<br /> | party = [[Janata Dal (Secular)]]<br /> | occupation = Advocate, educationist, politician<br /> | alma_mater = &lt;!-- Add if known --&gt;<br /> | known_for = Founding NA Global Law School, role in JD(S) politics <br /> }}<br /> '''Syed Mohid Altaf''' (born 28 July 1978) is an advocate by profession, educationist,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.govserv.org/IN/Bangalore/869778416452004/N-A-Global-Law-School|title=N A Group of Institutions, Site No 14/6, Gulimangala Village, Lakshminarayanapura Post, Sarjapura Hobli, Anekal Taluk, Jv Road, Gulimangala, Bangalore (2020)|website=www.govserv.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; politician from [[Karnataka]] and former [[Special representative of the Government of Karnataka to the Union Government]].<br /> <br /> ==Political career==<br /> Syed Mohid Altaf was influenced by the secular ideology of former Prime Minister of India [[H. D. Deve Gowda]], joined [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] in the year 2012. He contested General Assembly election 2013 at Sarvagnanagar Constituency&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/karnataka-polls-with-no-muslims-among-bjp-candidates-states-largest-religious-minority-may-turn-to-siddaramaiah-4458459.html|title=Karnataka polls: With no Muslims among BJP candidates, state's largest religious minority may turn to Siddaramaiah |date=7 May 2018|website=Firstpost}}&lt;/ref&gt; He fought against [[K. J. George|K J George]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bengaluru.citizenmatters.in/5216-sarvagnanagar-assembly-constituency-kjgeorge-5216|title=Sarvagnanagar: Fast growth, poor amenities|first=Vaishnavi|last=Vittal|date=29 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; and was lost the elections.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://myneta.info/karnataka2013/candidate.php?candidate_id=618|title=Syed Mohid Altaf(JD(S)):Constituency- SARVAGNANAGAR(B.B.M.P(NORTH)) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|website=myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the year 2013, Mr. Altaf was appointed as the State President of JDS Minority Wing. He was elevated in 2014 as State Youth Working President. In 2017, Mr. Altaf designed Karnataka Vikasa Vahini for Kumara Parva, a Luxury Carvana Election Campaign Bus for upcoming [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|State Assembly Election]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://citytoday.news/jds-kick-starts-poll-campaign-for-2018-deve-gowda-hdk-hope-to-form-govt/|title=JD(S) kickstarts poll campaign for 2018; Gowda, HDK hope to form govt – Mysuru Today}}&lt;/ref&gt; Built at a cost of 1 Crore, it became a talking point of JDS Campaign.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/hdks-poll-rath-is-getting-ready-in-karur/article19651635.ece|title=HDK's poll rath is getting ready in Karur|first=Muralidhara|last=Khajane|newspaper=The Hindu|date=9 September 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the year 2018 Karnataka Pradesh Janata Dal Secular and [[Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee|Congress Party]] pacted a post-poll alliance andformed the Government.<br /> <br /> ==As Special Rep of Karnataka Government at Delhi==<br /> <br /> On 5 September 2018, [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]] appointed him as the [[Special representative of the Government of Karnataka to the Union Government]] as Minister of State Ranking.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/altafs-appointment-has-upset-congress-leaders/article24897049.ece|title=Altaf's appointment has upset Congress leaders|first=Muralidhara|last=Khajane|newspaper=The Hindu|date=8 September 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; His appointment did ruffle feathers within the coalition government.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/power-tussle-who-is-calling-the-shots-in-congress-jds-coalition/articleshow/67465692.cms|title=Power tussle: Who is calling the shots in Congress-JD(S) coalition? &amp;#124; Bengaluru News - Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=10 January 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt; However, Mr. Kumaraswamy persisted with Mr. Altaf. In 2019, Mr. Altaf held active role in negotiations with [[Karnataka Congress|Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee]] to fight the 2019 Indian general election jointly.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mynation.com/india-news/jds-8-seats-congress-20-seats-in-karnataka-lok-sabha-elections-alliance-seat-sharing-pocp30|title=JDS left with mere 8 seats, Congress walks away with 20 in Karnataka Lok Sabha|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Mr. Altaf actively engaged with Business Community to bring in FDI into Karnataka.<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/modi-to-inaugurate-3-day-asean-chambers-of-commerce-meet/article26201881.ece|title=Modi to inaugurate 3-day ASEAN Chambers of Commerce Meet|website=@businessline|date=7 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He resigned in August 2019, after [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]] government lost majority in [[Karnataka]].{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}<br /> <br /> Subsequently, Mr. Altaf was designated as JDS Spokesperson&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/times-now/shows/tablighis-wanted-in-delhi-but-bailed-out-in-bengal-nation-wants-to-know/62947|title=Tablighi's wanted in Delhi but bailed out in Bengal? &amp;#124; Nation Wants To Know|website=www.timesnownews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; and presents JDS views to the media.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/times-now/india-upfront/congress-chains-workers-to-tracker-collar-will-watch-where-you-sit-sleep-india-upfront/66699|title=Congress chains workers to tracker collar, Will watch where you sit &amp; sleep? &amp;#124; India Upfront|website=www.timesnownews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Educationist==<br /> <br /> Mr. Altaf&lt;ref&gt;https://in.linkedin.com/in/syed-mohid-altaf-739ab813 {{Self-published source|date=June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; runs NA Global Law School, A Law College&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.shiksha.com/college/n-a-global-law-school-anekal-bangalore-48255|title=N. A. Global Law School, Bangalore: Courses, Fees, Placements, Ranking, Admission 2021|website=www.shiksha.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; named after his parents. It was established in 2015.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}<br /> <br /> * Altaf’s appointment has upset Congress leaders <br /> * [http://www.coastaldigest.com/news/cong-jds-leaders-upset-hdk-appoints-syed-mohid-altaf-karnataka%E2%80%99s-special-representative Cong, JD(S) leaders upset as HDK appoints Dr. Syed Mohid Altaf Karnataka’s special representative]<br /> * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FN1aaoGuemE, ON THE {{sic|nolink=y|reason=error in source|OCCATION}} OF INDEPENDENCE DAY MOHID ALTAF AWARDED MERITORIOUS STUDENTS OF HEBBAL ASSEMBLY]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Altaf, Syed Mohid}}<br /> [[Category:Politicians from Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:1978 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Advocates]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ranvijay_Singh_Judeo&diff=529682 2026-04-20T09:44:48Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: made new bio basic info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Ranvijay Singh Judeo<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age |1969|03|07}}<br /> | death_date =<br /> | office = Titular Raja of [[Jashpur State]]<br /> | term_start = 25 February 1973<br /> | term_end = <br /> | predecessor = Upendra Singh Judeo<br /> | office2 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]<br /> | constituency2 = [[Chhattisgarh]]<br /> | term_start2 = 10 April 2014<br /> | term_end2 = 09 April 2020<br /> | predecessor2 = [[Shiv Pratap Singh]]<br /> | successor2 = [[K. T. S. Tulsi]]<br /> | spouse = <br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | profession = Politician<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Ranvijay Singh Judeo''' is a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) politician. He was a [[Member of Parliament]], representing [[Chhattisgarh]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]] the [[upper house]] of [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]]. He belongs to the royal family of former [[Jashpur State]] and current titular Maharaja of [[Jashpur Nagar|Jashpur]]. He is nephew of former union minister [[Dilip Singh Judeo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/ranvijay-singh-judev | title= Ranvijay Singh Judev| publisher=National Portal of India, [[National Informatics Centre|NIC, New Delhi]], Government of India | accessdate = 22 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/ranvijay-singh-judev Ranvijay Singh Judev - Rajya Sabha Profile]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Judeo, Ranvijay Singh}}<br /> [[Category:1969 births]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Chhattisgarh]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:People from Jashpur district]]<br /> [[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Chhattisgarh]]<br /> <br /> {{Chhattisgarh-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dambuk_Assembly_constituency&diff=495451 2026-04-18T23:41:36Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: adding basic entry with sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Arunachal Pradesh State, India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Dambuk<br /> | state = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br /> | type= SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 42<br /> | district = [[Lower Dibang Valley district|Lower Dibang Valley]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Arunachal East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal East]]<br /> | established = 1990<br /> | reservation = ST<br /> | map_image = Dambuk Assembly constituency map.svg<br /> | mla = Puinnyo Apum<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | electors = 13,012<br /> }}<br /> '''Dambuk''' is one of the 60 [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] state in [[India]].&lt;ref name=ceoarunachal-ACs&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ceoarunachal.nic.in/gismaps.html |title=GIS Maps of State, Districts &amp; ACs|website=ceoarunachal.nic.in |accessdate= 27 June 2020 |archive-date=2020-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627145610/http://ceoarunachal.nic.in/gismaps.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is part of [[Lower Dibang Valley district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1990 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || Bassu Perme || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || rowspan=3 | Roding Pertin || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1999 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2004 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || [[Jomin Tayeng]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || rowspan=2 | [[Gum Tayeng]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Puinnyo Apum]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> ===Assembly Election 2024 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Dambuk&lt;ref name=&quot;Dambuk Assembly Election Result 2024: Puinnyo Apum of BJP wins&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Dambuk Assembly Election Result 2024: Puinnyo Apum of BJP wins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/dambuk-assembly-election-results-2024-dambuk-arunachal-pradesh-elections-poll-result-winner/articleshow/110635031.cms |accessdate=31 May 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=2 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531093524/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/dambuk-assembly-election-results-2024-dambuk-arunachal-pradesh-elections-poll-result-winner/articleshow/110635031.cms |archivedate=31 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 - Dambuk&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 - Dambuk |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGen2ndJune2024/candidateswise-S0242.htm |accessdate=31 May 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=2 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531093529/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGen2ndJune2024/candidateswise-S0242.htm |archivedate=31 May 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dambuk (ST) Constituency Election Results 2024&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Dambuk (ST) Constituency Election Results 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/arunachal-pradesh/constituency-show/dambuk |accessdate=31 May 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=2 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531093544/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/arunachal-pradesh/constituency-show/dambuk |archivedate=31 May 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Puinnyo Apum |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,009 |percentage=49.17% |change={{decrease}}2.97 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raju Tayeng |party=People's Party of Arunachal |votes=5,787 |percentage=47.35% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tobing Lego |party=Indian National Congress |votes=262 |percentage=2.14% |change={{decrease}}0.58 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vijay Pertin |party=Independent politician |votes=121 |percentage=0.99% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=42 |percentage=0.34% |change={{decrease}}0.80 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=222 |percentage=1.82% |change= {{decrease}}6.33 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=12,221 |percentage=93.92% |change= {{increase}}4.02 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,012 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.23 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}2.97 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2019 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Dambuk}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gum Tayeng]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,584 |percentage=52.14% |change={{increase}}9.08 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tony Pertin |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=4,711 |percentage=43.99% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vijay Pertin |party=Indian National Congress |votes=292 |percentage=2.73% |change={{decrease}}52.28 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=123 |percentage=1.15% |change={{increase}}0.53 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=873 |percentage=8.15% |change= {{decrease}}3.80 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=10,710 |percentage=89.90% |change= {{increase}}1.41 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,913 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.95 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}2.87 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 2014 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Dambuk&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2014/Stat_Rep_Arunachal_Pradesh_2014.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813080618/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2014/Stat_Rep_Arunachal_Pradesh_2014.pdf|archive-date=13 August 2021|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gum Tayeng]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,473 |percentage=55.01% |change={{increase}}5.67 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Roding Pertin |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,284 |percentage=43.06% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gotem Tayeng |party=Naga People's Front |votes=131 |percentage=1.32% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=62 |percentage=0.62% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,189 |percentage=11.95% |change= {{increase}}10.62 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=9,950 |percentage=88.49% |change= {{decrease}}3.37 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,244 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.36 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{increase}}4.34 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 2009 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Dambuk&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_AR_Aug2009.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404184244/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_AR_Aug2009.pdf|archive-date=4 April 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jomin Tayeng]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=4,967 |percentage=50.66% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Roding Pertin |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,837 |percentage=49.34% |change={{increase}}3.13 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=130 |percentage=1.33% |change= {{increase}}0.65 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=9,804 |percentage=91.87% |change= {{increase}}15.10 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,672 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.33 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Congress Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 2004 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2004 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Dambuk&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AR_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324145008/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AR_2004.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Roding Pertin |party=Independent politician |votes=3,513 |percentage=46.88% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jomin Tayeng]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,462 |percentage=46.20% |change={{decrease}}14.10 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bassu Perme |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=385 |percentage=5.14% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Punnya Apum |party=Arunachal Congress |votes=133 |percentage=1.77% |change={{decrease}}37.92 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=51 |percentage=0.68% |change= {{decrease}}19.93 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=7,493 |percentage=75.64% |change= {{increase}}4.71 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,761 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.37 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}13.42 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1999 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Dambuk&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AR99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AR99.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Roding Pertin |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,064 |percentage=60.31% |change={{increase}}12.12 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tony Pertin |party=Arunachal Congress |votes=2,675 |percentage=39.69% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,389 |percentage=20.61% |change= {{increase}}16.98 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=6,739 |percentage=73.59% |change= {{decrease}}11.85 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,352 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.74 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1995 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Dambuk&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-AR95.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144239/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-AR95.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Roding Pertin |party=Independent politician |votes=3,513 |percentage=51.81% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bidi Lego |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,267 |percentage=48.19% |change={{increase}}1.41 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=246 |percentage=3.63% |change= {{decrease}}2.83 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=6,780 |percentage=85.37% |change= {{increase}}11.23 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,080 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}5.67 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Janata Dal |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1990 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Dambuk&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statistical%20Report%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statistical%20Report%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bassu Perme |party=Janata Dal |votes=3,314 |percentage=53.23% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Makpel Pertin |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,912 |percentage=46.77% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=402 |percentage=6.46% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=6,226 |percentage=74.32% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,566 |ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Janata Dal |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> * [[Lower Dibang Valley district]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|28.27|95.62|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Lower Dibang Valley district]]<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Arunachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1990]]<br /> [[Category:1990 establishments in Arunachal Pradesh]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahom_artillery&diff=484985 2026-04-16T20:05:23Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: made a info from scratch</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:Ahom cannons.jpg|thumb|Ahom era cannons, preserved at [[Assam State Museum]]]]<br /> '''Ahom artillery''' included many [[gunpowder]]-related armaments and was a very important dimension of the [[Ahom kingdom|Ahom]] military technology. It is believed that fire-arms were first introduced at the time of [[Afghans|Afghan]] invader Turbak Khan's invasion in 1532, but reference related to firearms is found much prior to that date, in 1523–24, Ahoms received 69 fire-arms after defeating the [[Chutia Kingdom|Chutiya]]s.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;...the Ahoms got 69 fire-arms from the [[Chutia Kingdom|Chutiyas]] whom they defeated in 1523.&quot; {{harvcol|Baruah|1986|p=397}}&lt;/ref&gt; More sources mention firearms being employed in the service of Ahoms, before the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] origins.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvcol|Sun|2000|p=45}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Jean-Baptiste Tavernier]] even believed in that &quot;it was from Assam that the use of gunpowder had entered the kingdom of China.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvcol|Kakoty|2003|p=172}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A Mughal account states in 1662: &quot;They cast excellent matchlocks and ''bachadar'' artillery and show great skill in this craft. They make first-rate gunpowder...&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{harvcol|Sun|2000|p=45–46}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Ram Singh I|Ram Singh]], who led the invasions of Assam in the 1660s–1670s, commented:&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;Every Assamese soldier is expert in rowing boats, inshooting arrows, in digging trenches and in wielding guns and cannons. I have not seen such specimens of versatility in any other part of India&lt;/blockquote&gt;The Ahoms excelled in making various kinds of guns, [[Matchlock|matchlocks]], [[artillery]], and [[Cannon|cannons]]. They also possessed a large number of them at their disposal and also had an elite regiment of musketeer princes (''Hiloidari Konwars''). The materials for making gunpowder were locally sourced and developed an indigenous method for producing it. For the manufacture of firearms, a department was created under the supervision of an officer called ''Kharghariya Baura''.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvcol|Kakoty|2003|p=173–178}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvcol|Baruah|1986|p=397}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There were various types of cannons and guns, five types of cannons, and eleven types of guns.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvcol|Kakoty|2003|p=175}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Gallery ==<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Old ahom cannon.png|Big Ahom cannon near the dist. court, [[Sivasagar]], 1902<br /> File:Bell metal musket of Phuleswari Devi (1726).jpg|Bell metal musket of Ahom era<br /> File:Ahoms musket with inscription, manufactured in (1643).jpg|Ahom musket with inscription<br /> File:A small hand musket (haat-hiloi).jpg|Haat noliya hiloi<br /> File:Canons at Talatal Ghar Campus 2.jpg|Hatimuriya bortup<br /> File:Cannon of Gadadhar Singha.jpg|[[Artillery battery]] of [[Gadadhar Singha]] with lion like shaped muzzle<br /> File:Cannon of Gadadhar Singha 2.jpg|Cannon with inscription<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Ahom Dynasty]]<br /> * [[Ahom–Mughal conflicts]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{commons category|Assam firearms}}<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> *{{citation| first = S L| last = Baruah| title = A Comprehensive History of Assam| year = 1986|publisher = Munshiram Manoharlal}}<br /> *{{citation |last1=Kakoty |first1=Sanjeeb |title=Technological changes and mode of production in the evolution of the Ahom state |date=2003 |publisher=Regency Publications |pages=172–178}}<br /> *{{citation |last1=Sun |first1=Laichen |title=Ming-Southeast Asian Overland Interactions, 1368-1644 |date=2000 |publisher=University of Michigan}}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Ahom kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Artillery of India]]<br /> [[Category:Warfare of the early modern period]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rahul_Awade&diff=528117 2026-04-16T06:27:50Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: made new entry w/ refs</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | office = Member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | constituency = [[Ichalkaranji Assembly constituency|Ichalkaranji]]<br /> | term_start = 2024<br /> | term_end =<br /> | birth_name = Rahul Prakashanna Awade<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1978|09|22}}<br /> | profession = Politician<br /> | predecessor = [[Prakashanna Awade]]<br /> | party = {{flagicon image|BJP flag.svg}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (2024–present)<br /> | other_party = [[File:Indian National Congress hand logo.svg|20px]] [[Indian National Congress]] {{small|(Before 2019)}}<br /> | spouse = Moshmi Rahul Awade<br /> | parents = [[Prakashanna Awade]] (Father)&lt;br/&gt;[[Kallappa Awade]] (Grandfather)&lt;ref name=&quot;BJP reposes faith in Amal Mahadik in Kolhapur South, Rahul Awade &amp; Sudhir Gadgil also get tickets&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=The Times of India |title=BJP reposes faith in Amal Mahadik in Kolhapur South, Rahul Awade &amp; Sudhir Gadgil also get tickets |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolhapur/bjps-new-hope-in-kolhapur-amal-mahadik-returns-as-candidate-against-congress/articleshow/114403290.cms |access-date=25 November 2024 |date=20 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125071158/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolhapur/bjps-new-hope-in-kolhapur-amal-mahadik-returns-as-candidate-against-congress/articleshow/114403290.cms |archive-date=25 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;All in the family: In Maharashtra, MVA to Mahayuti, parties ride on key first-timers&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=All in the family: In Maharashtra, MVA to Mahayuti, parties ride on key first-timers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/maharashtra-elections-mva-mahayuti-debutants-9647703/ |access-date=25 November 2024 |date=1 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125075744/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/maharashtra-elections-mva-mahayuti-debutants-9647703/ |archive-date=25 November 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> }}<br /> '''Rahul Prakashanna Awade''' is an Indian politician from Maharashtra. He is a [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Ichalkaranji Assembly constituency]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Ichalkaranji, Maharashtra Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: BJP's Rahul Awade with 129717 defeats NCP (SP)'s Madan Sitaram Karande |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/ichalkaranji-maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-maelb-2638408-2024-11-23 |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ichalkaranji Election Result 2024 LIVE: Rahul Prakash Awade of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/ichalkaranji-election-result-2024-live-leading-winner-mla-9130226.html |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Ichalkaranji&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |date=23 November 2024 |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Ichalkaranji |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13279.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125074801/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13279.htm |archive-date=25 November 2024 |access-date=25 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Political career==<br /> <br /> Rahul Awade became a member of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a far-right Hindu nationalist paramilitary volunteer organisation before he and his family were senior members of [[Indian National Congress]].<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra]]<br /> * [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Awade, Rahul Prakash}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]<br /> [[Category:1978 births]]<br /> <br /> {{Maharashtra-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaipur_Junction&diff=505292 2026-04-15T11:29:43Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: creating data!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian railway station}}<br /> {{Multiple issues|{{third-party|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{one source|date=February 2019}}}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox station<br /> | name = [[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|50px]]&lt;br /&gt;{{font color|blue|JAIPUR JUNCTION}}<br /> | type = [[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|40px]] [[Express trains in India|Express train]] and [[Slow and fast passenger trains in India|Passenger train]] station<br /> | style = Indian Railways<br /> | image =<br /> रंगीलो म्हारो देस.jpg<br /> | image_caption = Jaipur Junction railway station<br /> | address = Hasanpura, [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | coordinates = {{Coord|26.9208|75.7866|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline}}<br /> | elevation = {{convert|428|m|ft}}<br /> | line = {{plainlist|<br /> * [[Delhi–Ahmedabad line]]<br /> * [[Ahmedabad–Jaipur line]]<br /> * [[Delhi–Jodhpur]]<br /> * [[Jaipur–Sawai Madhopur line]]<br /> * [[Jaipur]]–[[Ringas]]–[[Sikar]]–[[Churu, Rajasthan|Churu]]<br /> }}<br /> | other = {{ric|Jaipur Metro}} {{rcb|Jaipur Metro|Pink|croute}} [[Railway Station metro station|Railway Station]]<br /> | structure =<br /> | platform = 8 (1, 2, 2A, 3, 4, 5, 1A, 1B)<br /> | tracks = 16 [[broad gauge]]<br /> | parking = Available<br /> | opened = {{start date and age|1895}}<br /> | closed =<br /> | rebuilt =<br /> | electrified = {{start date and age|2020}}<br /> | accessible = {{Access icon|20px}} Available<br /> | code = {{Indian railway code<br /> | code = JP<br /> | zone = [[North Western Railway]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=1 April 2025 |title=System Map - North-Western Railway |url=https://elocos.railnet.gov.in/Maps/Systemmaps/NWR.pdf |website=elocos.railnet.gov.in |publisher=[[Indian Railways]] |access-date=31 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | division = {{rwd|Jaipur}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=1 February 2018 |title=System Map - Jaipur Division, North-Western Railway |url=https://nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1531985277056-SYSTEM%20MAP%20-%20%20%20(ROUTE%20WISE)%20(WTT)1-4-2018%20Jaipur%20Division.pdf |website=nwr.indianrailways.gov.in |publisher=[[Indian Railways]] |access-date=31 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> | owned = [[Indian Railways]]<br /> | operator = [[North Western Railway zone|North Western Railways]]<br /> | status = Functioning<br /> | former =<br /> | passengers =<br /> | pass_year = 35,000<br /> | pass_percent =<br /> | pass_system =<br /> | map_type = India Jaipur#India Rajasthan#India<br /> | map_dot_label = '''Jaipur Junction'''<br /> | map_caption = Location in [[Jaipur]]##Location in Rajasthan<br /> | mapframe = yes<br /> | mapframe-caption = Interactive map<br /> | mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail}}<br /> | footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Jaipur Junction''' (Code: '''JP''') is a railway station in [[Jaipur]], the capital and largest city of the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]]. It serves as the headquarters of [[Jaipur railway division]] and [[North Western Railway (India)|North Western Railway]] zone of the [[Indian Railways]].&lt;ref name=&quot;hq&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&amp;id=0,1 |title=About North Western Railway |date=2 March 2022 |website=nwr.indianrailways.gov.in |access-date=1 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Overview ==<br /> Jaipur station was built in 1875 and is situated at the centre of Rajasthan. Serving almost 35,000 passengers daily, Jaipur Junction is the busiest station in Rajasthan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Welcome to Jaipur Junction|url=https://www.jaipurjunction.in/about/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127132953/https://www.jaipurjunction.in/about/|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 November 2020|access-date=2021-03-10|website=www.jaipurjunction.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; The cornerstone of the existing Jaipur railway station building was laid on 4 May 1956 by [[Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II]] of Jaipur and construction took three years to complete.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Railways|first=North Western|title=A historical view - Jaipur Division|url=https://nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1328523668343-A%20Historical%20Preview%20Jaipur%20Division.html|access-date=29 January 2021|website=North Western Railways / Indian Railways Portal}}&lt;/ref&gt; The station harnesses solar energy technology to power its operations. {{cn|date=April 2026}}<br /> <br /> Being centrally located, Jaipur Junction hosts or is close to other transportation facilities such as the inter-state bus terminal [[Sindhi Camp]], and the newly constructed [[Jaipur metro|Jaipur Metro]] at its [[Railway Station metro station]]. One of India's luxury trains, the [[Palace on Wheels]], also makes a scheduled stop in Jaipur.&lt;ref name=&quot;pow&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.palacesonwheels.com/jaipur/ |title=Palace on Wheels - Jaipur |access-date=13 February 2011 |archive-date=20 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920233051/http://www.palacesonwheels.com/jaipur |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Infrastructure and amenities ==<br /> <br /> The Jaipur railway station has provided free Wi-Fi for the convenience of passengers since 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaipur Reference 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Wi-Fi facility at Jaipur railway station by March |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/wi-fi-facility-at-jaipur-railway-station-by-march/articleshow/49663706.cms?from=mdr |access-date=11 February 2021 |work=The Economic Times |publisher=The Economic Times |date=4 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; A water recycling plant with a 500 kl/day capacity and waste-to-energy plant that converts plastic waste to diesel has also been set up. In 2019, the northwestern zone of Indian Railways upgraded the Jaipur Junction railway station by installing LED lights to improve the brightness inside the station.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaipur Reference 2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Devanjana |first1=Nag |title=How Indian Railways has given its Jaipur station an 'airport-like' feel; beautiful images of makeover |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/how-indian-railways-has-given-its-jaipur-station-an-airport-like-feel-beautiful-images-of-makeover/1453241/ |access-date=11 February 2021 |work=The Financial Express |publisher=Financial Express |date=24 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; The station has been brought up to &quot;airport standard&quot; by Indian Railways through modernization and new facilities. A plan has been created by the Railways Board to further improve lighting in concourse halls, station platforms, circulating areas, waiting rooms, reservation counters, inquiry counters, foot bridges (FOB), stairs, parking areas, escalators and lifts, among other places.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaipur Reference 2&quot; /&gt; Recently, the Indian Government also introduced retiring rooms and can be booked from Jaipur Junction Railway station.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Passengers can again enjoy safe, comfortable stay at stations! Indian Railways likely to reopen retiring rooms |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/passengers-can-again-enjoy-safe-comfortable-stay-at-stations-indian-railways-likely-to-reopen-retiring-rooms/2205965/ |work=The Financial Express |date=4 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Lines ==<br /> {{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}<br /> The main lines passing through [[Jaipur]] are:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Jaipur Junction - About Us |url=https://www.jaipurjunction.in/about/ |website=jaipurjunction.in |location= |publisher= |access-date=11 January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Delhi]]–[[Jodhpur]] line via [[Makrana]], [[Degana]], [[Merta City|Merta road]] (double broad-gauge electrified line)<br /> * [[Delhi]]–[[Ahmedabad]] line via [[Bandikui]], [[Jaipur]], [[Ajmer]] (double broad-gauge electrified line)<br /> * [[Sawai Madhopur]]–[[Jaipur]] line terminates at Jaipur (single broad-gauge electrified line)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite tweet |number=1399253246812647425 |user=NWRailways |title=जयपुर-सवाई माधोपुर के बीच जल्द दौड़ेगी विद्युत इंजन से ट्रेन। &lt;!-- full text of tweet that Twitter returned to the bot (excluding links) added by TweetCiteBot. This may be better truncated or may need expanding (TW limits responses to 140 characters) or case changes. --&gt; |date=31 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Jaipur]]–[[Sikar]] (single broad-gauge electrified line)<br /> <br /> == Nearby railway stations ==<br /> * [[Gandhinagar Jaipur railway station]]<br /> * [[Getor Jagatpura railway station]]<br /> * [[Durgapura railway station]]<br /> * [[Dahar Ka Balaji railway station]]<br /> * [[Bais Godam railway station]] (Decommissioned and used for unscheduled halts only)<br /> * [[Kanakpura railway station]]<br /> * [[Sanganer railway station]]<br /> <br /> ==Gallery==<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> Jaipur 03-2016 30 Jaipur railway station.jpg|Train at platform<br /> Jaipur Junction platform scene, 2008 (8).JPG|Platform<br /> Jaipur 03-2016 36 Jaipur Metro.jpg|[[Railway Station metro station|Railway station]] on the [[Jaipur Metro]] [[Pink Line (Jaipur Metro)|Pink Line]]<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IndiaRailInfo|272}}<br /> {{Railway stations in Rajasthan}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1875]]<br /> [[Category:Railway stations in Jaipur]]<br /> [[Category:North Western Railway zone]]<br /> [[Category:Jaipur railway division]]<br /> [[Category:Railway junction stations in Rajasthan]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Rajasthan-railstation-stub}}</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=And_the_Oscar_Goes_To&diff=486416 2026-04-14T19:54:52Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = And the Oscar Goes To<br /> | image = And_the_Oscar_Goes_To.jpg<br /> | caption =<br /> | director = [[Salim Ahamed]]<br /> | producer = Salim Ahamed&lt;br&gt;Prasanthkumar Chandran&lt;br&gt;TP Sudheesh<br /> | writer = Salim Ahamed<br /> | starring = [[Tovino Thomas]]&lt;br&gt;[[Anu Sithara]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sreenivasan]]&lt;br&gt;[[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]]&lt;br&gt;[[Salim Kumar]]<br /> | music = [[Bijibal]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Madhu Ambat]]<br /> | editing = Vijay Shankar<br /> | studio = Allens Media&lt;br&gt;Canadian Movie<br /> | distributor = [[Kalasangham Films]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|2019|06|21|df=y}}<br /> | runtime = 124 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = [[Malayalam]]<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> '''''And the Oscar Goes To''''' is a 2019 [[India]]n [[Malayalam]]-language [[drama]] film written and directed by [[Salim Ahamed]] and starring [[Tovino Thomas]] and [[Anu Sithara]]<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Issak Ebraham is a young man who wants to become a film director. Issak decides to direct and co-produce a film based on a previous screenplay depicting the life of his native Moidukka. Issak mortgages the land he received as part of the property for the money needed for the construction. Then to actor Aravind and cinematographer Sivakumar Tells this story and agrees that they can make a movie. Although he suffers from a lack of money during filming, he eventually completes his first film, 'Sky of Fireflies'. Issak, with the help of Sivakumar, submits the film for the award on the last day to apply for the national award. At that year's National Awards, Aravindan won the Best Actor award and the film won the Best Picture award. Issak's film is officially submitted by India to compete for that year's [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]]. Following this, Maria, a representative of a foreign marketing company, sees Isaak's film.<br /> <br /> Prince, a friend of Issak, who had gone abroad) And introduced Prince to the screening of the film. Although a few screenings have been successful, Maria angrily treats Issak after failing to pay Issak immediately, and quarrels with Issak and Prince over the lack of food for the final guests. Prince, who is very passionate about the movie, is in a lot of pain over this incident. Days later, Issak finds out that his picture is not on the final list for the Oscars and is about to return home. Issak completes the story of his new film, ''The Oscar Goes To'', based on his experiences there before leaving. Returning home, Issak first visits Moidukka. He also meets Moiduka's son Harshad there. The film ends with the return of Moidukka's son who was imprisoned abroad in the movie ''Minnaminungukalude Aakasham'' ({{Translation|''Sky of Fireflies''}}). But Moidukka tells Issak that Harshad has not actually returned to full health. Issak apologizes to Moidukka and leaves the house.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{colbegin}}<br /> *[[Tovino Thomas]] as Issak Ebrahem<br /> *[[Anu Sithara]] as Chithra<br /> *Nikki Rae Hallow as Maria<br /> *[[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as Prince<br /> *[[Vijayaraghavan]] as Ebrahim<br /> *[[Salim Kumar]] as Moidukka <br /> *[[Sreenivasan]] as Aravindan<br /> *[[Lal (actor)|Lal]] as Shivakumar<br /> *[[Santhosh Keezhattoor]] as Basheer<br /> *[[Dinesh Prabhakar]] as Kabeer<br /> *[[Appani Sarath]] as Manuraman<br /> *[[Parvathi T.]] as Khadeeja<br /> *[[Kavitha Nair]] as Film actress Seetha<br /> *[[Anu Joseph]] as Sameera<br /> *[[Zarina Wahab]] as Ummunkulsu<br /> *[[Jaffar Idukki]] as Pareethikka<br /> *[[Hareesh Kanaran]] as Babumon<br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> ==Release==<br /> ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that &quot;Many of the scenes have ‘artificial’ written all over it, with the badly written dialogues making it even worse&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/and-the-oscar-goes-to-film-review/article28110462.ece|title='And the Oscar Goes To...' review: a simple premise falters due to uncompelling narration|first=S. r|last=Praveen|newspaper=The Hindu |date=22 June 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Manorama Online]]'' wrote that &quot;The biggest strength of 'And The Oscar Goes To' lies within the team. The actors -- Siddique, Anu Sithara, Salim Kumar, Appani Sarath, Nikki Hulowski, Sreenivasan - everyone manages to create an impression&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2019/06/21/tovino-thomas-and-the-oskar-goes-to-movie-review-updates.html|title='And The Oscar Goes To' review: In pursuit of dreams and passion|publisher=manoramaonline}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film a rating of three-and-a-half out of five stars and stated that &quot;''And The Oscar Goes To'' is a story of big dreams, perseverance and challenges. For those looking for some inspiration to dare to aim high, which makes most of us, it would be an apt pick for the weekend.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/and-the-oscar-goes-to/movie-review/69888004.cms|title=And the Oscar Goes To Movie Review {3.5/5}: Critic Review of And The Oscar Goes To by The Times of India|website=Times of India|first=Deepa|last=Soman|access-date=|date=21 June 2019|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203041104/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/and-the-oscar-goes-to/movie-review/69888004.cms|archive-date=3 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film dubbed in Telugu with same title and released on [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=nitish|title=&quot;And the Oscar Goes To&quot; (Telugu Dubbed) Movie to Stream Online on Aha Video from August 28 {{!}} Bioscope|url=https://www.24reel.com/bioscope/and-the-oscar-goes-to-telugu-dubbed-movie-aha-video/|access-date=2020-12-06|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Awards and nominations ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Award<br /> !Category<br /> !Nominee<br /> !Result<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| 2019<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| Alberta Film Festival<br /> | Best Film || ''And the Oscar Goes To...''<br /> | {{won}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2019/jun/11/tovinos-and-the-oskar-goes-to--wins-four-awards-at-alberta-film-festival-1988594.html|title='And the Oskar Goes To' wins four awards at Alberta Film Festival|website=The New Indian Express|date=11 June 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Tovino Thomas shares his experience working on 'And The Oscar Goes To' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/tovino-thomas-shares-his-experience-working-on-and-the-oscar-goes-to/articleshow/69888900.cms |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=The Times of India |date=21 June 2019 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Best Actor || [[Tovino Thomas]] || {{won}} <br /> |-<br /> | Best Director || [[Salim Ahamed]] || {{won}} <br /> |-<br /> | Best Supporting Actress || Nikki Rae Hallow || {{won}} <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|8938866}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2019 films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2019 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Los Angeles]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Los Angeles]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_for_Democratic_Reforms_v._Election_Commission_of_India&diff=488122 2026-04-13T14:57:49Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: made some page and citations</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Public interest litigation in the Supreme Court of India}}<br /> {{Update|part=Proceedings|date=November 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox court case<br /> | name = Association for Democratic Reforms v. Election Commission of India<br /> | Litigants = Association for Democratic Resolutions; People's Union for Civil Liberties; National Federation for Indian Women; and others v. Election Commission of India<br /> | court = [[Supreme Court of India]]<br /> | image = Emblem of the Supreme Court of India 2025.svg<br /> | full name = Association for Democratic Reforms &amp; Ors v. Election Commission of India<br /> | prior actions = Election Commission of India announced a Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of Bihar's electoral rolls on 24 June 2025<br /> | holding = Pending; interim directions issued on acceptable identity documents during SIR verification<br /> | opinions = On 10 July 2025, the Court urged ECI to consider Aadhaar, ration card, and EPIC as admissible documents for verification; on 14 August 2025, it directed ECI to allow use of Aadhaar by any “non-included” voter to challenge omission<br /> | judges = [[Surya Kant (judge)|Surya Kant]]; [[Joymalya Bagchi]]<br /> | number of judges = 2<br /> | laws_applied = Constitution of India, Articles 324 and 326; Representation of the People Act, 1950, Sections 16 and 21(3)<br /> | docket = W.P. (C) No. 640/2025 (PIL-W)<br /> | status = <br /> | subsequent actions = Draft electoral roll published on 1 August 2025; final roll scheduled for 30 September 2025<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Association for Democratic Reforms v. Election Commission of India'''.,'' {{Abbr|WP|Writ Petition}} (Civil) 640/2025, also known as '''Bihar SIR electoral rolls case''', is an ongoing public interest litigation in the [[Supreme Court of India]] challenging the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls in [[Bihar]] by the [[Election Commission of India]] (ECI) ahead of [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]. The case is being heard by a two-judge bench of the court consisting of Justices [[Surya Kant (judge)|Surya Kant]] and [[Joymalya Bagchi]].<br /> <br /> Political parties in opposition to [[National Democratic Alliance]], the political alliance led by [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] and current ruling party of [[Government of India|Indian Government]], alleged irregularities and mass exclusion of voters due to the revision and challenged the legality and constitutionality of the effort. One of the petitioners, [[Association for Democratic Reforms]], argued that SIR is arbitrary and disenfranchise millions of citizens without due process, thereby disrupting free and fair elections and democracy in the country.<br /> <br /> In the most recent ruling {{asof|August 2025|lc=y|post=,}} the court ordered ECI to disclose names deleted from the draft roll along with the reason for deletion.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Debayan |date=2025-08-14 |title=Supreme Court orders ECI to publish list of 65 lakh deleted voters in Bihar SIR, disclose reasons for non-inclusion |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/supreme-court-orders-eci-to-publish-list-of-65-lakh-deleted-voters-in-bihar-sir-disclose-reasons-for-non-inclusion |access-date=2025-08-14 |website=Bar and Bench – Indian Legal news |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Background ==&lt;!-- Portion of &quot;Background&quot; is taken from article 2025_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election, please see the source article history for detailed attribution information. This is permitted per-Wikipedia license. --&gt;<br /> {{See also|Special Intensive Revision}}<br /> On the 24th of June 2025, the Election Commission (EC) notified that it will conduct a Special Intensive Revision of electoral rolls in Bihar before the elections. The exercise requires all the voters from the state to fill forms to be included in the voter list. People whose names were not in the 2003 voter lists need to provide additional documents. The notification also mentioned that the documents needed to be submitted within a month, with 25th July being the deadline.<br /> <br /> Further, the voters need to provide one of the eleven documents mandated by the EC, with the common documents such as the [[Aadhaar|Aadhaar card]], voter ID card and ration cards, not included as valid documents. A significant number of people in Bihar do not have any of the 11 documents. Furthermore, a significant population of the state migrate in other parts of India for work or study and it is estimated that at least 75 lakh (7.5 million) people from Bihar migrate to other parts of India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Nizam |first1=Arif |last2=Sivakumar |first2=P. |last3=Rajan |first3=S. Irudaya |date=2022 |title=Interstate Migration in India During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis Based on Mobile Visitor Location Register and Roaming Data |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/09731741221122000 |journal=Journal of South Asian Development |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=271–296 |doi=10.1177/09731741221122000 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics have argued it would be difficult for such voters to be a part of this exercise. Such factors have led to fears of mass exclusion of voters. Opposition parties, such as the [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA Bloc]] led by the [[Indian National Congress]], alleged that such an exercise will favor the ruling [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]. The Election Commission denied these allegations and claimed that the exercise is lawful and constitutional.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=9 July 2025 |title=Inside the SIR of electoral rolls in Bihar: Process, concerns and political fallout |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/explainers/2025/Jul/09/inside-the-sir-of-electoral-rolls-in-bihar-process-concerns-and-political-fallout |access-date=10 July 2025 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Korada |first1=Pavan |date=10 July 2025 |title=EC's Directive to Update Voter Lists in Bihar Risks Mass Exclusion. Here's Why |url=https://thewire.in/rights/ecs-directive-to-update-voter-lists-in-bihar-risks-mass-exclusion-heres-why |access-date=10 July 2025 |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=4 July 2025 |title=Careful curation: On Bihar's Special Intensive Revision of electoral rolls |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/careful-curation-on-bihars-special-intensive-revision-of-electoral-rolls/article69769101.ece |access-date=12 July 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The SIR was challenged in the Supreme Court.<br /> <br /> == Proceedings ==<br /> The batch of petitions filed in Supreme Court of India challenged the legality and procedure of the SIR. The ECI defendend its rights to conduct a SIR under the powers granted to the authority under Article 324 of the Constitution and Section 21(3) of the [[Representation of the People Act, 1951]]; arguing that the &quot;exercise was necessitated by factors such as urban migration, demographic changes and concerns raised about inaccuracies in the existing rolls, which had not undergone an intensive revision for nearly two decades.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; It contested the allegations by political parties asking them to provide written proof of their claims.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2025-08-14 |title=EC vs Rahul Gandhi: Give proof, don’t use dirty phrases like ‘vote chori’ says Election Commission |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/give-proof-dont-use-dirty-phrases-like-vote-chori-ec-to-opposition/article69931990.ece |access-date=2025-08-14 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Interim order ===<br /> In an interim order on August 14, 2025, the Court directed the Commission to publish by 5 pm on August 19 a district‑wise, booth‑level searchable list of over 65 lakh electors deleted from the draft roll, with reasons for each deletion; to display the lists online and at BLO, block and panchayat offices with wide publicity; to accept objections supported by Aadhaar and EPIC as proof of identity and residence; and to file a collated compliance report.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-08-14 |title=Bihar SIR row hearing Highlights: SC directs ECI to publish list of deleted voters and reason for deletion |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihar-voter-list-row-supreme-court-hearing-special-intensive-revision-bihar-polls-live-updates-august-14-2025/article69931451.ece |access-date=2025-08-14 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt; The judgement was positively received by the opposition parties in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Tewary |first=Amarnath |date=2025-08-14 |title=Truth of triumph, says Bihar Congress on Supreme Court’s SIR order |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihar/truth-of-triumph-says-bihar-congress-on-supreme-courts-sir-order/article69932950.ece |access-date=2025-08-14 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Further directives ===<br /> On August 22, 2025,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; the Court directed ECI to allow voters to submit claims for inclusion in draft rolls online, or physically, along with their Aadhaar card or any of the 11 documents listed by the Commission. It also directed the petitioning political parties to instruct their Booth Level Agents (BLA) in assisting voters for enrolment.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-08-23 |title=Use Aadhaar, any of 11 listed papers for inclusion claim: Supreme Court on Bihar rolls |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bihar-sir-sc-election-commission-deleted-voter-names-aadhaar-card-10204580/ |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The next hearing is scheduled for September 8.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-08-22 |title=Bihar SIR row SC hearing updates: SC directs political parties to assist voters to file claims |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihar-voter-list-row-supreme-court-hearing-special-intensive-revision-bihar-polls-live-updates-august-22-2025/article69963342.ece |access-date=2025-08-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Significance ==<br /> On August 17, 2025, following the interim order of the Court, ECI published the list of 65 lakh names omitted from the draft electoral rolls on its website.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Chakrabarty |first=Sreeparna |date=2025-08-17 |title=Bihar SIR: List of names deleted from Bihar draft rolls shared on district websites, says CEC |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/bihar-assembly/eci-press-conference-on-bihar-sir-august-17-2025/article69943592.ece |access-date=2025-08-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the same day, [[Rahul Gandhi]], a senior congress leader and the current leader of opposition in [[Lok Sabha]], launched a sixteen-day state-wide rally,''Vote Adhikar Yatra,'' to campaign for voter rights.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-08-17 |title=Rahul Gandhi’s Vote Adhikar Yatra Updates: In the entire country, vote theft is going on, says Rahul Gandhi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/bihar-assembly/rahul-gandhi-vote-adhikar-yatra-in-sasaram-live-updates/article69943123.ece |access-date=2025-08-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * Full text of the interim judgement for ''Association for Democratic Reforms v. Election Commission of India.,'' {{Abbr|WP|Writ Petition}} (Civil) 640/2025, can be found on: [https://images.assettype.com/barandbench/2025-08-14/ttyv1kkr/ADR_vs_ECI_Aug_14_order.pdf ''Bar and Bench'']<br /> {{SCI-cases}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2025 in Indian law]]<br /> [[Category:Supreme Court of India cases in 2025]]<br /> [[Category:Election Commission of India]]<br /> [[Category:2025 in Indian politics]]<br /> [[Category:Voter suppression]]<br /> [[Category:Scandals in India]]<br /> [[Category:Controversies in India]]<br /> [[Category:Political controversies in India]]<br /> [[Category:Political scandals in India]]<br /> [[Category:Electoral fraud]]<br /> [[Category:Electoral fraud in India]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kherwadi_Assembly_constituency&diff=509735 2026-04-07T03:00:13Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Former constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Kherwadi<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | map_image = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> | state = [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | district = <br /> | division = <br /> | loksabha_cons = <br /> | constituency_no = <br /> | established = 1978<br /> | reservation = <br /> | abolished = 2008<br /> | electors = <br /> }}<br /> '''Kherwadi''' was one of the constituencies of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]], in India. It was made defunct after the constituency map of India was redrawn in 2008.<br /> <br /> == Members of Vidhan Sabha ==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Party<br /> |- <br /> | [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || [[Ramdas Nayak]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Chheda Meghaji || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Janardan Chandurkar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] ||rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Madhukar Sarpotdar]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=3}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[1996 elections in India#Maharashtra|1996 By-election]] || Shrikant Krishnaji Sarmalkar <br /> |- <br /> | [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || rowspan=2 | Janardan Chandurkar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> ===Assembly Election 2004===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kherwadi}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Janardan Chandurkar |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 50,157 |percentage = 50.04% |change={{increase}}8.11 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Prakash(Bala) Vasant Sawant |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 43,609 |percentage = 43.51% |change={{increase}}4.18 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=K. H. Giri |party=Samajwadi Party |votes = 2,333 |percentage = 2.33% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Khan Shamim |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,736 |percentage = 1.73% |change={{increase}}0.91 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shaikh Tanveer Ahmed |party=Independent politician |votes = 978 |percentage = 0.98% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gaikwad Pramod Ramchandra |party=Independent politician |votes = 604 |percentage = 0.60% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,548 |percentage = 6.53% |change= {{increase}}3.93 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 1,00,233 |percentage = 50.49% |change= {{increase}}4.19 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,00,233}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,98,529|ref = |change= {{decrease}}0.32 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}8.11 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1999===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kherwadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Janardan Chandurkar |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 37,936 |percentage = 41.94% |change={{decrease}}2.09 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shrikant Krishnaji Sarmalkar |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 35,577 |percentage = 39.33% |change={{decrease}}13.00 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vijay Kamble |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 15,130 |percentage = 16.73% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bandu Laxman Kasare |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 745 |percentage = 0.82% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,359 |percentage = 2.61% |change= {{decrease}}5.70 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 92,213 |percentage = 46.30% |change= {{increase}}8.77 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 90,463}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,99,171|ref = |change= {{increase}}4.94 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{decrease}}10.40 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly By-election 1996===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1996 elections in India#Maharashtra|1996 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Kherwadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/ByeElection/ByeNov1996/index.htm |title=Key Statistics - Bye Elections - 1996 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Shrikant Krishnaji Sarmalkar |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 37,272 |percentage = 52.33% |change={{increase}}3.40 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Vijay Baburao |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 31,355 |percentage = 44.02% |change={{increase}}12.52 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bapuji Sitaram Ramteke |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 1,098 |percentage = 1.54% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Khan Rais Khan |party=All India Minorities Front |votes = 677 |percentage = 0.95% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Madhav Deshpande |party=Independent politician |votes = 467 |percentage = 0.66% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,917 |percentage = 8.31% |change= {{decrease}}9.13 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 71,932 |percentage = 37.90% |change= {{decrease}}26.25 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 71,224}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,89,797|ref = |change= {{increase}}7.74 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}3.40 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1995===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kherwadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Madhukar Sarpotdar]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 54,978 |percentage = 48.93% |change={{increase}}3.25 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Vijay Baburao |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 35,390 |percentage = 31.50% |change={{decrease}}13.33 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shaila Satpute |party=Janata Dal |votes = 10,504 |percentage = 9.35% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ashok Prabhakar Patil |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 6,767 |percentage = 6.02% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sayed Sipte Haider |party=Peoples Democratic Party (India) |votes = 2,558 |percentage = 2.28% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adangale Rajendra Nivrutti |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,103 |percentage = 0.98% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,588 |percentage = 17.43% |change= {{increase}}16.59 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 1,14,062 |percentage = 64.75% |change= {{increase}}6.90 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,12,350}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,76,168|ref = |change= {{increase}}7.07 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}3.25 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1990===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kherwadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Madhukar Sarpotdar]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 42,742 |percentage = 45.68% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Vijay Baburao |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 41,948 |percentage = 44.83% |change={{increase}}10.62 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jagtap Sitaram Ramchandra |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 3,684 |percentage = 3.94% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Janardan Chandurkar |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,078 |percentage = 2.22% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Nanyiyani Ali Husein |party=All India Dalit Muslim Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh |votes = 1,412 |percentage = 1.51% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Indrakant P. Jha |party=Independent politician |votes = 901 |percentage = 0.96% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 794 |percentage = 0.85% |change= {{decrease}}6.16 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 94,466 |percentage = 57.42% |change= {{increase}}4.53 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 93,568}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,64,529|ref = |change= {{increase}}22.42 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}11.47 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1985===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kherwadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Janardan Chandurkar |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 24,063 |percentage = 34.21% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Madhukar Sarpotdar]] |party=Independent politician |votes = 19,135 |percentage = 27.20% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Ramdas Nayak]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 13,583 |percentage = 19.31% |change={{decrease}}16.57 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Upadhyay Ramanuj |party=Independent politician |votes = 7,293 |percentage = 10.37% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Habib Pakih |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,385 |percentage = 6.23% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dayal Sakpal (Mumurshikar) |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,104 |percentage = 1.57% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,928 |percentage = 7.01% |change= {{decrease}}0.84 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 71,094 |percentage = 52.90% |change= {{increase}}12.90 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 70,340}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,34,397|ref = |change= {{increase}}6.48 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{decrease}}9.51 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1980===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kherwadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Chheda Meghaji |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 21,765 |percentage = 43.72% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Ramdas Nayak]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 17,861 |percentage = 35.88% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kanire Ramchandra Annaji |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 4,296 |percentage = 8.63% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=G. R. Nayak |party=Janata Party |votes = 3,680 |percentage = 7.39% |change={{decrease}}43.60 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=R. S. Meshram |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,146 |percentage = 2.30% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jagtap Sitaram Ramchandra |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 929 |percentage = 1.87% |change={{decrease}}0.57 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,904 |percentage = 7.84% |change= {{decrease}}18.47 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 50,373 |percentage = 39.91% |change= {{decrease}}26.02 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 49,781}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,26,215|ref = |change= {{increase}}14.32 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}7.27 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1978===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kherwadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Ramdas Nayak]] |party=Janata Party |votes = 36,851 |percentage = 50.99% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ahmed B. Zakaria |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 17,834 |percentage = 24.68% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=R. G. Ruke |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 8,200 |percentage = 11.35% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Madhukar Sarpotdar]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 6,228 |percentage = 8.62% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sitaram Ramchandra Jagtap |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 1,762 |percentage = 2.44% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shivrao Shantaram Wagle |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,170 |percentage = 1.62% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,017 |percentage = 26.31% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 73,559 |percentage = 66.63% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 72,271}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,10,405|ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner = Janata Party |loser = |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist|1}}<br /> <br /> {{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}<br /> {{coords|19.06|72.84|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Mumbai Suburban district]]<br /> [[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]<br /> [[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jivatva&diff=506341 2026-03-24T07:29:35Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: creating a pg</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|State of life or state of the individual soul in Hinduism}}<br /> {{Hinduism}}<br /> {{Hindu philosophy}}<br /> '''Jivatva''' ([[Sanskrit]]: जीवत्व) means – the state of life or the state of the individual soul.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sanskrit Dictionary|publisher=Spokensanskrit.de|url= http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=jIvatva&amp;script=&amp;direction=SE&amp;link=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jivatva is the state of life of the [[Jiva]] (transmigratory individual soul), the living entity, which is a particular manifestation of [[Atman (Hinduism)|Atman]], the embodied being limited to psycho-physical states, and the source of [[Avidya (Hinduism)|avidya]] that suffers (repeated) transmigration as result of its actions. Until ignorance ceases the Jiva remains caught in experience of the results of actions bringing merit and demerit, and in the state of individuality (''jivatva'') ([[Brahma Sutras|Brahma Sutra]] I.iv.6), and so long as the connection with the intellect as conditioning adjunct lasts, so long the individuality and transmigration of soul lasts (Brahma Sutra II.iii.30).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Method of the Vedanta: A Critical Account of the advaita Tradition|author=Swami Satchidanandendra|year=1997|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=68|isbn=9788120813588|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZMkbWhjE2M4C&amp;q=Jivatva&amp;pg=PA68}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> <br /> The Jivatva-bhavana is the feeling of limitation induced by the body, mind and intellect.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=On Wings and Wheels: A Dialogue of Moral Conflict|author=Swami Chinmayananda|year=1991|publisher=Chinmaya Mission|page=12|isbn=9788175972674|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F9MPEuEC2U8C&amp;q=Jivatva&amp;pg=PA12}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; The nature of Jivatva is adventitious, dependent on external factors; Jivatva is accidental and not an essential nature of [[Brahman]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Cultura Indica|author=Visvanatha Devasarma|year=1994|publisher=Sharda Publishing House|page=220|isbn=9788185616339|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=CAQaAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Jivatva+Sankara}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is illusorily superimposed on Brahman.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Hymns of Sankara|author=Sankaracarya|year=1980|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=71|isbn=9788120800977|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=IIGtWoS75HcC&amp;q=jivatva&amp;pg=PA71 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The Atman is the witness (saksin) of the activities of [[antahkarana]] (inward intellect) composed of [[buddhi]] (intellect), [[ahankara]] (I-faculty) and [[Mind|manas]] (mind). [[Viraj]] has one Jiva and [[Hiranyagarbha]] another, because it is commonly known that when bodies are different the Jivas are different, but it is possible to have one Jiva for the past and future bodies, a difference in the bodies does not indicate difference in respect to the Jiva.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Language and Release: Sarvajnatman's Pancaprakriya|author=Sarvajnatman|year=1985|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=94,99|isbn=9788120800045|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=684DCRytbasC&amp;q=Jivatva+Sankara&amp;pg=PA113}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Jiva==<br /> {{main|Jiva}}<br /> According to [[Dvaitadvaita]] (dualism) Brahman and Jiva are different entities; that God, Soul and the Universe are three separate entities with the former governing the latter two. The Jiva (individual soul that lives in the world) is one of the three categories of realities, the other two being Jagat (the Universe or the world) and Brahman (the Universal Soul and the substratum behind the Jagat and the Jivas).The soul can migrate to the heaven and live with God. According to [[Vishishtadvaita]] (qualified non-dualism), God alone exists who is endowed with a divine, auspicious, blissful form. The Jagat and the Jivas form his body and the soul becomes liberated when it realizes that it is a part of God. According to [[Advaita Vedanta]] (non-dualism), Brahman is the ultimate supreme sole Reality beyond names and forms. Brahman, which is Truth, Consciousness and Bliss, and the soul are non-different, identical, unchangeable and eternal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ancient Indian Scriptures|url=http://indianscriptures.50webs.com/vedanta.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to the dvaita schools, jiva is essentially an eternal spiritual entity (ajada-dravya) whose essence is constituted by knowledge (jnana). As jnana-svarupa it is a sentient being (cetna) and self-revealing (svayam-prakasa), as the knower or subject of knowledge (jnata) and as the agent of action (karta) it experiences both pleasure and pain (bhokta). It is monadic in character (anu) unlike Ishvara who is all-pervasive ([[vibhu]]). Jiva is a part (amsa) of [[Paramatman]], it is supported (adheya) by, controlled (niyamya) and dependent (sesa) on the Paramatman.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Vaishnavism: Its Philosophy, Theology and Religious Discipline|author=S.M.Srinivasa Chari|year=1994|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=245|isbn=9788120810983|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=evmiLInyxBMC&amp;q=jiva+vedanta&amp;pg=PA245}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is the finite individual who experiences the waking (jagarita), sleep (svapna) and dreamless sleep (susupti) states of mind which can be successive, but rarely the Fourth ([[turiya]]) which is being-in-Brahman.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Philosophy of Shankar's Advaita|author=Shyama Kumar Chattopadayaya|year=2000|publisher=Sarup &amp; Sons|page=343|isbn=9788176252225|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IPasbJW-1PwC&amp;q=Jiva+vedanta&amp;pg=PA340}}&lt;/ref&gt; On account of the [[adhyasa]], Jiva interacts with the objects and other Jivas with a sense of doer-ship etc.; and experiences [[Saṃsāra|samsara]]; liberation from samsara is called [[moksha]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Prakriya Bheda in Advaita Vedanta|author=D.Krishna Ayyar|publisher=Vedantaadvaita.org|url=http://www.vedantaadvaita.org/Annexure_1.htm|access-date=2014-01-21|archive-date=2021-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204105809/http://www.vedantaadvaita.org/Annexure_1.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Relation between Jiva and Brahman==<br /> <br /> In the [[Katha Upanishad]] the Jiva, the individual soul, and Brahman, the Universal Soul, are regarded as being at par with each other as enjoying equally the fruits of their action. In the [[Mundaka Upanishad]] only the individual soul is described as tasting of the fruits of action, the Universal Soul described simply as the on-looker. In the [[Śvetāśvatara|Svetasvatra Upanishad]] the individual soul enjoys the unborn [[Prakṛti|Prakrti]] consisting of three qualities, which the Universal Soul leaves off.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=A Constructive Survey of Upanishadic Philosophy|author=R.D.Ranade|year=1926|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|url=https://archive.org/details/A.Constructive.Survey.of.Upanishadic.Philosophy.by.R.D.Ranade.1926.djvu }}&lt;/ref&gt; This is with regard to the relation of the Two Souls first dealt with by the Rig Veda in mantra I.164.17 which reads:-<br /> <br /> :द्वा सुवर्णा सयुजा सखाया समानं वृक्षं परि षस्वजाते |<br /> :तयोरन्यः पिप्पलं स्वाद्वत्त्यनश्नन्नयो अभि चाकशीति ||<br /> <br /> :“Two birds of beautiful plumage closely united in friendship reside on the same tree. <br /> :One of them eats the sweet fruit thereof, the other witnesses without eating.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Mundaka and Mandukya Upanishads|author=Swami Sharvananda|publisher=Sri Ramakrishna Math|page=51|url= http://www.estudantedavedanta.net/Mundaka_and_Mandukya_Upanishads%20-%20Swami%20Sarvanand%20[Sanskrit-English].pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> And, adapting which ideation and imagery the sage of the Mundaka Upanishad (III.1.2) proceeds to tell us that:-<br /> <br /> :समाने वृक्षे पुरुषो निमग्नोऽनीशया शोचति मुह्यमानः |<br /> :जुष्टं यदा पश्यत्यन्यमीशमस्य महिमानमिति वीतशोकः ||<br /> <br /> :“Being seated on the same tree, the [[Purusha]] deluded grieves over his helplessness. <br /> :But when he upholds the other worshipful Lord and His Glory, he becomes free from grief.”<br /> <br /> Jiva is limited by the inner sense organ, being limited it is distinct from the substratum consciousness of objects which is the all-pervasive consciousness (saksi). It always feels its distinction from God, because Brahman is not the object of ordinary knowledge. Jiva is the locus ([[asraya]]) of avidya. The identification between Jiva, a false entity, and Brahman, occurs only when the Jiva aspect of the Self is totally eliminated by true knowledge of the real nature of the Self dispelling the primordial avidya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Advaita Vedanta and Vaishnism|author=Sanjukta Gupta|date=February 2013|publisher=Routledge|page=85|isbn=9781134157747|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4AFxluCHsoAC&amp;q=jiva+&amp;pg=PA50 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Svatantryavada is the doctrine of the absolute sovereignty and freedom of the Divine Will to express and manifest itself in any way it likes; Svatantrya makes the moveable and the immoveable objects appear as separate though in essence they are not separate from samvit (Universal Consciousness) and which does not conceal the nature of the Supreme. From the point of its manifestation, it is known as Abhasavada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Pratyabhijnahrdayam: The Secret of Self-recognition|author=Jaideva Singh|year=1982|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=17|isbn=9788120803237|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=dVJSChd9hOoC&amp;q=abhasavada&amp;pg=PA17 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abhasavada]] is the theory of appearance, the creation theory of the Saiva and the Sakta schools according to which theory the universe consists of appearances which are all real as the aspects of the ultimate reality; the world is an abhasa (prakasa or light) of [[Shiva]], it is not [[Maya (illusion)|Maya]]. In the Advaita Vedanta this is the theory according to which the Jiva is the illusory appearance of Brahma-consciousness.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World|author=Ganga Ram Garg|year=1992|publisher=Concept Publishing Co.|pages=50, 74, 95|isbn=9788170223740|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=w9pmo51lRnYC&amp;q=achhedavada&amp;pg=PA95 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The theory of Abhasavada finds its roots in Brahma Sutra II.iii.50 which reads –<br /> <br /> :आभास एव च |<br /> <br /> :(And, (the individual soul) is only a reflection (of the supreme Self) to be sure),<br /> <br /> This theory was advocated by [[Maṇḍana Miśra|Suresvara]] in which the Jivas are as real as Brahman, they being primary appearances in and through avidya, while the objects of the world are unreal, they being secondary appearances, mere reflections of the primary appearances. The Vivarna School upholds the theory of Bimba-pratibimbavada or theory of reflection, in which the Absolute Reality, reflected in upadhis, appears as numerous selves due to the intervening adjuncts and their cause Avidya. The Bhamati School of [[Vācaspati Miśra|Vacaspati Misra]] upholds the Avacchedavada, the theory of limitation, in which the jivas are Brahman Itself but appearing as though limited by adjuncts such as the mind-body-complex.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Bhamati and Vivarna Schools of Advaita Vedanta: A Critical Approach|author=Poolasth Soobah Roodurmum|year=2002|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=160|isbn=9788120818903|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=2pU2ZQB2wUYC&amp;q=Abhasavada+vedanta&amp;pg=PA160}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Significance==<br /> <br /> According to [[Adi Sankara|Sankara]], the Jivatva of the Jiva is a consequence of the Jiva’s false sense of identity i.e. one-ness, with the body, making Jiva an empirical individual. The sense of bodied being-hood (sasariratvam) of the Jiva is entirely due to false conviction (mithyapratiyayanimittantvat), the truly enlightened person is bodyless even when living in this life and in this body. Avidya or ignorance consists in the wrong identification of the Self with the psycho-physical complex called the individual’s body and in the development of the self-sense (atmabhimana) in the bodied being; this is the [[upadhi]] cutting into the very nature of the Jiva. The apparent modification is an epistemic fact, and the totality of cosmic plurality is also an epistemic fact. The apparently substantial Jivatva is an offshoot of avidya sustained and nourished by mithyajnana. Jivatva, the phenomenal individuality, although beginning-less, is terminable (santa) in the case of one getting release and gaining Brahmatva. The Jivatva of the Jiva is Jiva’s limitedness.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Philosophy of Shankar's Advaita|author=Shyama Kumar Chattopadayaya|year=2000|publisher=Sarup &amp; Sons|page=170, 369–375|isbn=9788176252225|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IPasbJW-1PwC&amp;q=jivatva&amp;pg=PA374}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Jivahood of the atman (the individualization of the soul) is unreal, it is merely an imagination caused by the delusion of buddhi, and vanishes with the annulment of the delusion that comes about by the realization of one’s real nature.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Sri Samkara's Vivekacudamani|author=Sri [[Chandrashekhara Bharati III]] of Sringeri|year=1973|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|place=Mumbai|page=218|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ncQYAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=sri+samkara's+vivekacudamani|quote=Sloka 198}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> {{Indian philosophy|state=collapsed}}<br /> {{Rigveda}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]]<br /> [[Category:Vedanta]]<br /> [[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kundalakesi&diff=450792 2026-03-20T05:09:48Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: Revised and enhanced article content</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use British English|date=October 2011}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br /> {{Short description|One of the five great Tamil epics}}<br /> {{Tamil literature}}<br /> {{italic}}<br /> '''''Kundalakesi''''' ({{langx|ta|'''குண்டலகேசி'''}} '''Kuṇṭalakēci''', ''lit.'' &quot;woman with curly hair&quot;), also called '''''Kuntalakeciviruttam''''', is a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[Buddhist]] [[Epic poetry|epic]] written by Nathakuthanaar, likely sometime in the 10th century.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1974|p=142}}&lt;ref name=&quot;zvelebil&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Aiyangar 2004, p. 360&lt;/ref&gt; The epic is a story about love, marriage, getting tired with the married partner, murder and then discovering religion.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1974|p=142}}<br /> <br /> The ''Kundalakesi'' epic has partially survived into the modern age in fragments, such as in commentaries written centuries later. From these fragments, it appears to be a tragic love story about a Hindu{{sfn|Zvelebil|1992|p=71}} or Jain{{sfn|Zvelebil|1992|p=70}} girl of merchant caste named Kundalakesi who falls in love with Kalan – a criminal on a death sentence.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1974|p=142}}&lt;ref name=&quot;krishnamurthy&quot;/&gt; The girl's rich merchant father gets the criminal pardoned and freed, the girl marries him. Over time, their love fades and they start irritating each other. During an argument, Kundalakesi reminds him of his criminal past which angers Kalan. A few days later, he invites her to a hike up a hill.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1974|p=142}} When they reach the top, he tells her that he will now kill her. The wife requests that he let circumambulate him – her husband – three times like a god, before her death. He agrees. When she is behind him, she pushes her husband over into the valley below and kills him. She feels remorse for killing the boy she once fell in love with and someone she had married. She meets teachers of various religious traditions, adopts Buddhism, renounces and becomes a nun, then achieves Nirvana.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1974|p=142}}{{sfn|Zvelebil|1992|p=71}} Sections of the story are very similar to the Buddhist Pali ''Therigatha'' legend.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1974|p=142}}{{refn|group=note|In ''Therigatha'', the characters are Sattuka [Kalan] and Bhadra [Kundalakesi].{{sfn|Zvelebil|1992|p=71}} However, the story has a few differences. Bhadra is a Hindu girl, who first converts to Jainism, then converts to Buddhism. Several variant versions exist in other regional Pali and Sanskrit literature.{{sfn|Zvelebil|1992|p=71 with footnote 121}}}}<br /> <br /> The ''Kuntalakeci'' is one of ''Aim-perum-kappiyam'' (''lit.'' &quot;five great kavyas&quot;, or [[The Five Great Epics of Tamil Literature]]) according to the later Tamil literary tradition.&lt;ref name=&quot;zvelebil&quot;&gt;Zvelebil 1992, pp. 70–73 with footnotes 123 to 125&lt;/ref&gt; The surviving stanza fragments of the epic are in ''kalitturai'' poetic meter. It was likely an epic drama-musical for Tamil Buddhist audience in and about the 10th century.&lt;ref name=&quot;zvelebil&quot;/&gt; The work likely ridiculed Jainism and Hinduism, attracting commentaries and debate. Various Tamil scholars dated between 10th- and 16th-centuries have called the Buddhist epic as a work of ''tarukkavadam'' (polemics and controversy).&lt;ref name=&quot;zvelebil&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Author==<br /> The epic was authored by a Buddhist poet named Nathakuthanaar (Skt: Nathagupta), likely born in a merchant class. Nothing is known about his life or which century he lived in.&lt;ref name=&quot;zvelebil&quot;/&gt; A Pali language [[Vinaya]] commentary titled ''Vimativinodani'' states the author of ''Kundalakesi'' was a Buddhist elder named Nathakuthanaar. It states:&lt;ref name=&quot;krishnamurthy&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Formerly in Tamil country an elder named Nathakuthanaar compiled a work in Tamil containing the story of Kundalakesi, for refuting heretical doctrines, adducing arguments for demolishing the views advanced by non-Buddhists.&quot;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sources and content==<br /> Of the five great epics, the manuscripts of ''[[Valayapathi]]'' and ''Kundalakesi'' have not survived in full. Only fragments quoted in other literary works and commentaries have survived. Only 19 stanzas of ''Kundalakesi'' have survived in ''Purattirattu'', a few initial stanzas in the commentary on ''Takkayakapparani Kalikkukkuli'', several stanzas are found in a 16th-century commentary on ''Civanana Cittiyar Parapakkam'', plus 25 stanzas and 180 fragments of the epic's line in a commentary to ''Nilakeci''.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1974|p=142}}&lt;ref name=&quot;zvelebil&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> An additional five have been recovered, but whether they were part of ''Kundalakesi'' has not been proven conclusively. The 19 verses recovered have been found in the commentaries for ''[[Tolkāppiyam]]'', ''Veera Sozhiyam'', ''Yapperungalam '', ''Thakkayagaparani'', ''Sivagnana Siddhiyar Parapakkam '' (Thirvorriyur Gnanaprakasar's commentary), the epic ''[[Neelakesi]]'' (Nilakeci) and the poem ''Vaisyapuranam''. ''Nilakeci'' — one of the five lesser Tamil epics — was a [[Jainism|Jain]] religious work about the life of the female Jain monk of the same name, who was a rival preacher of the Buddhist protagonist of ''Kundalakesi''. The ''Nilakeci'' was written as a Jain rebuttal to the Buddhist criticism of Jainism in ''Kundalakesi''.&lt;ref name=&quot;zvelebil&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;krishnamurthy&quot;/&gt; <br /> <br /> Some surviving fragments imply that Kundalakesi was a Jain girl who first defeated all the Hindu scholars with her arguments, but ultimately converted to Buddhism. In contrast, the ''Nilakeci'' extensively quotes portions of the Buddhist epic, calls it a provocation, and counterclaims that Nilakeci &quot;vanquished Kuntalakeci in argument, taught her and finally won in argument with the Buddha himself&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;zvelebil&quot;/&gt; The surviving references to the Buddhist epic give different versions of the story. Kundalakesi is a Hindu girl in some versions, in some she converts to Buddhism ''before'' she kills Kalan, and the story details of the epic vary such as in the late Tamil text ''Vaiciyapuranam''.{{sfn|Zvelebil|1992|pp=71–72}}<br /> <br /> The recovered verses do not reveal the plot of the epic and are advisory in nature. The introductory and 15th verses contain references to [[Buddhism]].&lt;ref name=&quot;zvelebil b&quot;&gt;zvelebil 1992, pp. 69-70&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;krishnamurthy&quot;&gt;K. Krishna Murthy (1987), p. 102&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ramaswamy&quot;&gt;Ramaswamy 2003, pp. 164-165&lt;/ref&gt; ''Yapperungalam'', which also quotes the epic's ''Kadavul Vazhthu'' (lit. invocation to God) describes it as a ''tharkavadham'' — a book of controversy and polemics. ''Veera Sozhiyam'''s commentator ''[[Perunthevanar]]'' and the 14th century anthology ''Purathirattu'' both describe it as a ''akalakavi'' — a large poem.&lt;ref name=&quot;zvelebil&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Story==<br /> ''Kundalakesi'' (''lit.'' The woman with long curly hair) was born in a merchant family in the city of [[Puhar, Nagapattinam|Puhar]]. She loses her mother during childhood and lives a sheltered life. One day she sees a robber and gambler who posted as Buddhist, falls in love with him. The thief, Kaalan, has been sentenced to death for banditry.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ram&quot;&gt;Ramaswamy 2007, pp. 123-124&lt;/ref&gt; Besotted with Kaalan, Kundalakesi implores her rich merchant father to save him. Her father petitions the king for the thief's release. He pays Kalan's release, and the king agrees to release him because Kalan's father was also a minister in his court. Kundalakesi and Kaalan are married and live happily for some time.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ram&quot;&gt;Ramaswamy 2007, pp. 123-124&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1974|p=142}}<br /> <br /> The love fades, and one day, the sulking Kundalakesi reminds Kalan of his criminal past. This enrages the mercurial Kaalan. He plots to murder her and steal her jewels.&lt;ref name=&quot;zvelebil&quot;/&gt; He tricks her into visiting the summit of the nearby hill. Once they reach the summit, he announces his intention to kill her by pushing her off the hill. Kundalakesi is shocked and asks him to grant a final wish — she wishes to worship him, her husband, by going around him three times before she dies. He agrees and, when she gets behind him, Kundalakesi pushes him off the summit, killing him.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ram&quot;/&gt;{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1974|p=142}}<br /> <br /> Kundalakesi feels disgust and remorse with what she did to Kalan. She learns about different religious traditions and converts to Buddhism. She renounces, becomes a nun and achieves nirvana.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1974|p=142}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Ram&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> The poem polemically presents Buddhist philosophy as superior over the Vedic and Jain ones.&lt;ref name=&quot;krishnamurthy&quot;/&gt; In the epic, states Krisha Murthy, the main character champions the Buddhist doctrines and ridicules doctrines of Jains and Hindus it considers as heretical.&lt;ref name=&quot;krishnamurthy&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dat&quot;&gt;Datta 2004, p. 596&lt;/ref&gt; One version of the epic says that Kundalakesi was a Jain nun who moved around India, expounding Jainism and challenging anyone who had alternate views. Sariputra, a disciple of Buddha, took up the challenge and defeated Kundalakesi in debates. She renounced Jainism and became a Buddhist nun.&lt;ref name=&quot;krishnamurthy&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;!--<br /> The following verses are only welcome if an English translation and a reliable source is included:<br /> ==Sample verses==<br /> '''Verse 19''':&lt;br /&gt;<br /> வேரிக் கமழ்தார் அரசன் விடுக என்ற போழ்தும்&lt;br /&gt;<br /> தாரித்தல் ஆகா வகையால் கொலை சூழ்ந்த பின்னும்&lt;br /&gt;<br /> பூரிட்தல் வாடுதல் இவற்றால் பொலிவு இன்றி நின்றான்&lt;br /&gt;<br /> பாரித்ததெல்லாம் வினையின் பயன் என்ன வல்லான்&lt;ref name=&quot;thinnai&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Verse 9''':&lt;br /&gt;<br /> பாளையாம் தன்மை செத்தும்&lt;br /&gt;<br /> பாலனாம் தன்மை செத்தும்&lt;br /&gt;<br /> காளையாம் தன்மை செத்தும்&lt;br /&gt;<br /> காமுறும் இளமை செத்தும்&lt;br /&gt;<br /> மீளுமிவ் வியல்பும் இன்னே&lt;br /&gt;<br /> மேல்வரும் மூப்பும் ஆகி&lt;br /&gt;<br /> நாளும்நாள் சாகின் றாமால்&lt;br /&gt;<br /> நமக்குநாம் அழாதது என்னோ<br /> --&gt;<br /> <br /> ==In popular culture==<br /> The story of Kundalakesi killing her husband was used as a sub-plot in the 1951 [[Tamil cinema|Tamil film]] ''[[Manthiri Kumari]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;malaimalar&quot;&gt;[http://www.maalaimalar.com/2009/10/27115016/karunanidhi.html Manthiri Kumari – A Grand Success (in Tamil), Maalai Malar 27 October 2009] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110321025917/http://www.maalaimalar.com/2009/10/27115016/karunanidhi.html |date=21 March 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The song &quot;Neela Warala&quot; by Sri Lankan musician [[W. D. Amaradeva]] mentions Kundalakesi repeatedly in the chorus.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[Tamil literature]]<br /> * [[Five Great Epics]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist|group=note}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ===Bibliography===<br /> {{refbegin|2}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last= Aiyangar |first=Krishnaswami S. |title=Ancient India: collected essays on the literary and political history of southern India |year=2004 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-206-1850-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=htArUg0OMpcC&amp;pg=PA360}}<br /> * {{cite book | title=The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature (Volume One) (A to Devo), Volume 1| last=Datta| first=Amaresh |author2=Sāhitya Akādemī | year=2004| publisher=Sāhitya Akādemī|location=New Delhi| isbn=978-81-260-1803-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC }}<br /> * {{Cite book| title=Glimpses of art, architecture, and Buddhist literature in ancient India| last=Krishna Murthy| first=K. | year=1987| pages=102| publisher=Abhinav Publications| isbn=81-7017-226-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tD-7sojtDdYC |id = {{ISBN|978-81-7017-226-0}}}}<br /> * {{cite book | title=A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850| last=Mukherjee| first=Sujit | year=1999| publisher=Orient Longman Limited|location=New Delhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCJrUfVtZxoC |isbn=81-250-1453-5}}<br /> * {{cite book | title=Tamil Literature| last=Pillai| first=M. S. Purnalingam | year=1994| pages=115| publisher=Asian Educational Services| isbn=81-206-0955-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QIeqvcai5XQC&amp;pg=PA115|id = {{ISBN|978-81-206-0955-6}}}}<br /> *{{Cite book |last=Ramaswamy |first=Vijaya |title=Historical dictionary of the Tamils |year=2007|publisher =Scarecrow Press |location=United States|isbn=978-0-470-82958-5|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=H4q0DHGMcjEC }}<br /> * {{Cite book| title=Re-searching Indian women| last=Ramaswamy| first=Vijaya | year=2003| pages=164–65| publisher=Manohar Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oihkAAAAMAAJ |isbn= 978-81-7304-496-0}}<br /> * {{Cite book| title=Popular literature and pre-modern societies in South Asia| last=Singh| first=Surinder |author2=I. D. Gaur | year=2008| pages=102| publisher=Pearson Education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVA0JAzQJkYC |isbn = 978-81-317-1358-7}}<br /> *{{cite book|author=Takanobu Takahashi|title=Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wgCHuVGyZoEC |year=1995|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-10042-3}}<br /> *{{cite book|author=Eva Maria Wilden|title=Manuscript, Print and Memory: Relics of the Cankam in Tamilnadu|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KuPmBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA75|year=2014|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-035276-4}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=Kamil Zvelebil|title=The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=degUAAAAIAAJ|year=1973|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-03591-5}}<br /> * {{citation|author=Kamil Zvelebil|title=Tamil Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OQ33i496MsIC |year= 1974| publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn= 978-3-447-01582-0}}<br /> * {{Cite book| title=Companion studies to the history of Tamil literature| last=Zvelebil| first=Kamil |author-link=Kamil Zvelebil| year=1992| pages=69–70| publisher=BRILL|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qAPtq49DZfoC |isbn = 978-90-04-09365-2}}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> {{Tamil language}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Tamil-language literature]]<br /> [[Category:Buddhist poetry]]<br /> [[Category:Epic poems in Tamil]]<br /> [[Category:Buddhism amongst Tamils]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil Buddhist literature]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raja_Muhammad_Sarwar&diff=455456 2026-03-19T07:08:08Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: adjust formatting per sources and improved wording</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Pakistani army officer (1910–1948)}}<br /> {{Use Pakistani English|date=November 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox military person<br /> | honorific_prefix = [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]]<br /> | name = Raja Muhammad Sarwar<br /> | honorific_suffix = [[Nishan-e-Haider|NH]]<br /> | image = Capt. Muhammad Sarwar.jpg<br /> | image_upright = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Sarwar, drawn posthumously in 1967<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1910|11|10}}<br /> | birth_place = Singhori village, [[Rawalpindi District]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire|British India]]&lt;br /&gt;(Present day [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]])<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1948|07|27|1910|11|10}}<br /> | death_place = [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir|Uri]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India.<br /> | placeofburial = Hill of Tilpatra near [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir|Uri]], [[Indian Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir]] in India<br /> | placeofburial_label = <br /> | placeofburial_coordinates = &lt;!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}}--&gt;<br /> | allegiance = {{flag|British India}} {{small|(1929–1947)}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|Pakistan}} {{small|(1947–1948)}}<br /> | branch = {{army|British India}}&lt;br&gt;{{army|PAK}}<br /> | branch_label = Branch/service<br /> | serviceyears = 1929–1948<br /> | serviceyears_label = <br /> | rank = [[File:OF-2 Pakistan Army.svg|20px]] [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]]<br /> | rank_label = <br /> | servicenumber = <br /> | unit = [[File:Badge of 1st Punjab Regiment 1945-56.jpg|15px]] [[1st Punjab Regiment|2/1st Punjab Regiment]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|2 Punjab Regiment]]<br /> | commands = <br /> | battles = {{Tree list}}<br /> * [[Second World War]]<br /> ** [[Burma Campaign 1944–45|Burma campaign]]<br /> * [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]]<br /> ** [[Battle of Pandu]]{{KIA}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Brig Jasbir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SBWc27AVmwC |title=Combat Diary: An illustrated history of operations conducted by 4th Battalion, The Kumaon Regiment 1788 to 1974 |date=2010 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=978-1-935501-18-3 |pages=188 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{tree list/end}}<br /> | battles_label = <br /> | awards = [[File:Nishan-e-Haider.png|60px]] {{small|[[Nishan-e-Haider]]}}&lt;br&gt;[[File:Pakistan Independence Medal 1947.png|60px]] {{small|[[Pakistan Medal]]}}&lt;br&gt;[[File:1939–1945 Star.png|60px]] {{small|[[1939-1945 Star]]}}&lt;br&gt;[[File:Burma Star BAR.svg|60px]] {{small|[[Burma Star]]}}&lt;br&gt;[[File:Ribbon - War Medal.png|60px]] {{small|[[War Medal 1939-1945]]}}<br /> | memorials = [[Grand Trunk Road|G.T. Road]] near the [[Gujar Khan Tehsil]], Tehile chowk sarwer shaheed [[Rawalpindi District]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] in Pakistan<br /> | alma_mater = [[Indian Military Academy]]&lt;br&gt;[[Military College of Signals]]<br /> | spouse = <br /> | children = <br /> | relations = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]] '''Raja Muhammad Sarwar''' ({{langx|ur|{{Nq|راجہ محمد سرور}}}}; 10 November 1910 – 27 July 1948) {{small|[[Nishan-e-Haider|'''NH''']]}}, better known as '''Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti''',&lt;ref name=&quot;pakarmymuseum&quot;/&gt; was a Pakistani military officer who was cited as the first recipient of Pakistan's highest military award, [[Nishan-e-Haider]], for his gallantry and actions of valor during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948|First Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–48]].&lt;ref name=PakistanToday&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/07/27/capt-sarwar-shaheed-pakistans-first-ever-nishan-e-haider-recipient-remembered/|title=Captain Sarwar Shaheed, Pakistan's first ever Nishan-e-Haider award recipient remembered|newspaper= Pakistan Today newspaper|date=27 July 2016|access-date=9 November 2025|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710163751/https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/07/27/capt-sarwar-shaheed-pakistans-first-ever-nishan-e-haider-recipient-remembered/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pakarmymuseum&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=TNI/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Biography==<br /> Raja Muhammad Sarwar was born on 10 November 1910 to a [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[Punjabi Muslims|Muslim]] [[Bhatti]]Rajput family in a small village, Singhori, that was located in the vicinity of the [[Gujar Khan Tehsil]], [[Rawalpindi District]], [[Punjab, British India]] in [[British Indian Empire]].&lt;ref name=TNI/&gt;&lt;ref name=PakistanToday/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pakarmymuseum&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar |url=https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-S4Uy33mqEe4/WHDrjVgObRI/AAAAAAAAIAg/dqt1NkHirPMu-ynqNK665_DhTENdwYySQCLcB/s1600/Captain%2BSarwar%2BShaheed%2B2016.12.14%2B%2528108%2529.jpg |access-date=7 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was a [[military brat]] whose father, Raja Muhammad Hayat Khan, was an [[Military enlistment|enlist]] in the [[British Indian Army]], retiring at the rank of ''[[Havildar]]''.&lt;ref name=PakistanToday/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=TNI/&gt;<br /> <br /> He was educated in government-run schools in [[Rawalpindi District]] and secured his [[Matriculation in India|matriculation]] from a local school in [[Faisalabad]] in 1928.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar&quot;/&gt; After graduation, he followed his father, [[Havildar]] Muhammad Hyatt, path and enlisted in the [[British Indian Army]] in 1929 as a [[Sepoy]], where he was posted with the 2nd Battalion of the [[10th Baluch Regiment|10th Baloch Regiment]] (2/10th Baloch Regiment) of the [[Baloch Regiment]] (present 7th Battalion The Baloch Regiment (Steadfast Battalion)).&lt;ref name=PakistanToday/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar&quot;/&gt; From 1929 until 1939, he worked hard towards reaching one of the highest enlisted ranks and was eventually promoted to [[Naib Subedar]] and posted in supply and ammunition with the [[Pakistan Army Service Corps]] in 1939.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=TNI/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1939, Sarwar was invited to attend the [[Indian Military Academy]] in [[Dehradun]] and completed his [[Basic training|military training]] before gaining a [[Officer (armed forces)|commission]] in the 2nd Battalion of the [[1st Punjab Regiment]] (2/1st Punjab Regiment) of the [[British Indian Army]] in 1943.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar&quot;/&gt; In 1944, [[Second lieutenant|2nd-Lt.]] Sarwar briefly served in [[Burma]] with distinction during [[Burma Campaign 1944–45|military operations there]] that earned him the [[Burma Star]] from the [[GHQ India|British administrations in Delhi]] in India.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shaheed Foundation, 2019&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1944, [[Second lieutenant|2nd-Lt.]] Sarwar was posted to an administrative position in the Punjab Regiment&lt;ref name=&quot;pakarmymuseum&quot;/&gt; — he was promoted to [[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|Lieutenant]] in 1945–46.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar&quot;/&gt; In the British Indian Army personnel accounts, Sarwar was known to be &quot;a serious man with a no nonsense attitude and was deeply religious who would practice his religion, [[Islam]], devotedly and offered [[Muslim prayers|five prayers]] everyday ... &quot;&lt;ref name=TNI/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Indo-Pakistani war of 1947-1948 ===<br /> {{Main|Battle of Pandu}}<br /> In 1946–47, Lt. Sarwar was promoted to [[Captain (army)|army captain]] and decided to attend the signal course before he was recommissioned in the [[Pakistan Army Corps of Signals]] in 1947, and directed towards attending the [[Military College of Signals]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar&quot;/&gt; After hearing the news of the [[First Kashmir War]] between India and Pakistan over [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], Sarwar immediately wanted to volunteer. He refrained due to his officers wanting him to complete his studies in [[military signals]], which he completed after a year.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar&quot;/&gt; In 1948, Captain Sarwar took command of the 2nd Battalion of the [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Punjab Regiment]] of the Pakistan Army and was deployed on the frontline.&lt;ref name=&quot;pakarmymuseum&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=CAPTAIN MUHAMMAD SARWAR (SHAHEED) - Profile|url=http://www.pakarmymuseum.com/exhibits/captain-muhammad-sarwar-shaheed/|website=Pakistan Army Museum website |access-date=9 November 2025|archive-date=14 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014130135/http://www.pakarmymuseum.com/exhibits/captain-muhammad-sarwar-shaheed/ |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=TNI/&gt;<br /> <br /> A march towards [[Uri (India)|Uri]] town of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] was commenced under Sarwar,&lt;ref name=&quot;pakarmymuseum&quot;/&gt; and he led an attack on the organized Indian Army's troops, forcing them to retreat from [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] to [[Ladakh, India|Ladakh]] on 26 July 1948.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shaheed Foundation, 2019&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=TNI/&gt; Sarwar's company followed the Indian Army's troops to the [[Uri (India)|Uri]] region where his unit faced off the strongly fortified enemy position located in that sector.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shaheed Foundation, 2019&quot; /&gt; His company was only 50 yards away from the fortified enemy position as the Indian Army's soldiers begin [[Mortar (weapon)|mortar]] shelling his positions, and received instructions on leading the attack on the left side of the bunker where the shelling was taking place.{{rp|88}}&lt;ref name=&quot;National Book Foundation, Mirza, 1947&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Mirza|first1=Yaqub|title=The golden jubilee celebrations of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan|date=1947|publisher=National Book Foundation |location=Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan|isbn=9789693701784|pages=115|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sf5tAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=+barbed+wires|language=en-us|format=snippet view}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moving towards the new position, his passage was blocked due to [[barbed wire]] and he decided to advance to cut the wire, taking six men with him.&lt;ref name=&quot;pakarmymuseum&quot;/&gt;{{rp|88}}&lt;ref name=&quot;National Book Foundation, Mirza, 1947&quot;/&gt; During the firefight, Sarwar used a [[bolt cutter]] to cut the wire, and took a bullet from machine gun fire.{{rp|89}}&lt;ref name=&quot;National Book Foundation, Mirza, 1947&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pakarmymuseum&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> On 27 July 1948, Captain Sarwar was killed while clearing the passage.&lt;ref name=TNI/&gt; He was 37 years old at the time.&lt;ref name=PakistanToday/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancer Publishers, Singh, 2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Brig Jasbir|title=Combat Diary: An illustrated history of operations conducted by 4th Battalion, The Kumaon Regiment 1788 to 1974|date=2010|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=9781935501183|pages=291|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SBWc27AVmwC&amp;q=sarwar+barbed+wires&amp;pg=PA188|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Family background and personal life===<br /> Muhammad Sarwar's father, Raja Muhammad Hayat Khan, had served in the [[British Indian Army]] and was decorated with the British war medal for [[Indian Army in World War I|his services]] in [[World War I]]. Muhammad Hayat retired as a ''[[Havildar]]'' [[Sergeant (United States)|Sergeant]] and died on 23 November 1932.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shaheed Foundation, 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Shahadat Anniversary Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed, Nishan-e-Haider |url=http://www.shaheedfoundation.org/foundationnews.asp?id=3264 |website=Shaheed Foundation website|access-date=9 November 2025|language=en-us|date=27 July 2018|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 September 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180903183927/https://www.shaheedfoundation.org/foundationnews.asp?id=3264}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muhammad Sarwar had three brothers and one sister.&lt;ref name=TNI/&gt; He is the 4th one among his brothers , his brothers' names were Raja Muhammad Mirza Khan, Raja Muhammad Sardar Khan, Raja Muhammad Afsar Khan and his sister's name was Gulzar Begum. His marriage was performed on Sunday 15 March 1936 in Sanghori, with Karam Jan. Allah blessed him with a son and a daughter, whom he named Raja Muhammad Safdar and Gulzar Begum, respectively.&lt;ref name=TNI/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Nishan-e-Haider ==<br /> [[File:Sarwar Bhatti Monument.jpg|thumb|250px|right|{{small|The monument to Raja Muhammad Sarwar near the [[Grand Trunk Road]], near Mandra }}]] The body of Sarwar is buried at the Hill of Tilpatra which is near the [[Uri (India)|Uri]] in [[Indian Kashmir]] where he was buried on 27 July 1948.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar&quot; /&gt; It was on 23 March 1956 when the [[Government of Pakistan]] recognized his services as the [[Parliament of Pakistan]] authorized to posthumously award the [[Nishan-E-Haider]] (Eng. lit. ''Emblem of the Lion'') for his meritorious services, which was awarded to him by the [[President of Pakistan]].&lt;ref name=PakistanToday/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.shaheedfoundation.org/NishaneHaider.asp|title=Profile of Raja Muhammad Sarwar|website=shaheedfoundation.org website|url-status=dead|access-date=9 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812211253/http://www.shaheedfoundation.org/nishanehaider.asp|archive-date=12 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=TNI&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/254574-captain-sarwar-shaheed-remembered| title=Captain Sarwar Shaheed remembered|newspaper=The News International newspaper|date=11 December 2017|access-date= 11 November 2025|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211052129/https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/254574-captain-sarwar-shaheed-remembered|agency=Associated Press of Pakistan}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Presidential Nishan-e-Haider citation on his grave is written in [[Urdu]]; and it reads with translation as:<br /> {{Gallery||[[Nishan-e-Haider]]|width=180|height=230|align=left|mode=packed|noborder=no}}<br /> <br /> === Citation ===<br /> Battle of Pandu at Tripatra hill in Uri:{{Blockquote|text={{center|'''CITATION '''&lt;br&gt;<br /> '''CAPT RAJA MUHAMMAD SARWAR'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> '''2 PUNJAB REGIMENT'''}}<br /> <br /> Battle of Tilpatra in Uri: When Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah declared Jihad in Kashmir and ordered Pakistan Army to participate in it. Captain Sarwar were participating in a course in GHQ's School of Signals. His unit 2 Punjab Regiment entered Kashmir to face the enemy. As soon as the course ended he persisted to take permission to participate in Jihad of Kashmir, with his unit which was granted. He was appointed as the signals officer. He offered to fight the enemy at Tilpatra hill. On 27 July 1948, he took his men with him and attacked the enemy. The enemy opened fire with machine guns, artillery and mortars. He kept on advancing. His machine gunner got killed. He took hold of his gun and attacked. When a second gunner arrived he handed over the machine gun to him. He, along with some soldiers, advanced from another side and destroyed a machine gun of the enemy and advanced There was barbed wire, which he cut himself and let the soldiers pass through it and led the assault on the enemy. During this time, a burst from the automatic machine gun of the enemy injured him. His actions in the battle of Tipatra led him to be posthumously presented with the Nishan-e-Haider.&lt;ref name=TNI/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1967, the [[Government of Pakistan]] established a marble tomb in his memory to offer remembrance of his military career highlights and martyrdom to [[Pakistani society]]. Additional funding was secured in 1990 by Imtiaz Warraich, the [[Member of Parliament|MP]] to expand the facility in Sarwars' memory.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Nation, 2016&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Capt Sarwar Shaheed, Pakistan's first ever Nishan-e-Haider recipient remembered|url=https://nation.com.pk/27-Jul-2016/capt-sarwar-shaheed-pakistan-s-first-ever-nishan-e-haider-recipient-remembered |access-date=9 November 2025 |newspaper=The Nation newspaper|date=27 July 2016|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;urdubiography&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Captain Sarwar Shaheed In Urdu |url=https://www.urdubiography.com/national-heroes/captain-sarwar-shaheed.html |website=urdubiography.com website|access-date=11 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==In memory==<br /> On 22 April 1968, a paintings exhibition was inaugurated in [[Lahore]], Pakistan depicting Pakistani war heroes including the first sketched portrait of Muhammad Sarwar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1403575|title=From the past pages of Dawn newspaper: Fifty years ago: War paintings show (Show was held on 22 April 1968)|newspaper=Dawn newspaper|date=24 April 2018|access-date= 9 November 2025|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425153450/https://www.dawn.com/news/1403575}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Gallery===<br /> {{Gallery<br /> |title=Tomb and memorial of Capt. Muhammad Sarwar<br /> |width=160<br /> |height=170<br /> |align=center<br /> |File:Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti Shaheed, Nishan e Haider (5997687098).jpg|{{small|Inscription about the life of Muhammad Sarwar on his tomb.}}<br /> |File:Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti Shaheed, Nishan e Haider (5997690794).jpg|{{small|The memorial to Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed (Nishah e Haider) at his tomb.}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Awards and decorations==<br /> {{Infobox award<br /> | name = [[Nishan-e-Haider|Nishan-e-Haider Recipient]]&lt;ref name=&quot;pakarmymuseum&quot;/&gt;<br /> | image = <br /> | imagesize = 105px<br /> | caption = Raja Muhammad Sarwar received&lt;br&gt;the '''[[Nishan-e-Haider]]''' Award<br /> | country = [[Islamic Republic of Pakistan]]<br /> | date = Awarded in 1956<br /> | presenter = [[Iskandar Mirza|President Iskandar Mirza]]<br /> }}<br /> {| style=&quot;margin:1em auto; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |<br /> |{{ribbon devices|ribbon=Nishan-e-Haider.png|width=130}}<br /> |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award‐star|ribbon=Pakistan Independence Medal 1947.png|width=130}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=1939–1945 Star.png|width=130}}<br /> |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Burma Star BAR.svg|width=130}}<br /> |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon - War Medal.png|width=130}}<br /> |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon India Service Medal.png|width=130}}<br /> |}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:1em auto; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''[[Nishan-e-Haider]]'''<br /> ''(Emblem of the Lion)''<br /> <br /> '''[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948|1947-48 War]]'''<br /> <br /> '''&lt;u&gt;Posthumously&lt;/u&gt;'''<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''[[Pakistan Medal|Pakistan Tamgha]]'''<br /> ''([[Pakistan Medal]])''<br /> <br /> '''1947'''<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[1939-1945 Star]]'''<br /> |'''[[Burma Star]]'''<br /> |'''[[War Medal 1939-1945|War Medal]]'''<br /> '''[[War Medal 1939-1945|1939-1945]]'''<br /> |'''[[India Service Medal]]'''<br /> [[India Service Medal|'''1939–1945''']]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Foreign decorations ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:#006400; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center&quot; |'''Foreign Awards'''<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |'''{{flag|UK}}'''<br /> |'''[[1939-1945 Star]]'''<br /> |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=1939–1945 Star.png|width=130}}<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[Burma Star]]'''<br /> |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Burma Star BAR.svg|width=130}}<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[War Medal 1939-1945]]'''<br /> |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon - War Medal.png|width=130}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[India Service Medal|'''India Service Medal 1939–1945''']]<br /> |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon India Service Medal.png|width=130}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Sawar Muhammad Hussain Shaheed]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{cite web |last1=ISPR |first1=PTV |title=Telefilm: Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdhxKJ0tSVM |website=www.youtube.com/ |publisher=ISPR |access-date=9 March 2019 |date=4 February 2017}}<br /> {{Nishan-e-Haider}}<br /> {{Military of Pakistan}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sarwar, Muhammad}}<br /> [[Category:1910 births|S]]<br /> [[Category:1948 deaths|S]]<br /> [[Category:People from Gujar Khan|S]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War II|S]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Military Academy alumni|S]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims|S]]<br /> [[Category:British Indian Army officers|S]]<br /> [[Category:Pakistan Army officers|S]]<br /> [[Category:Pakistan Military Academy alumni|S]]<br /> [[Category:Pakistani electronics engineers|S]]<br /> [[Category:Pakistani military engineers|S]]<br /> [[Category:People of the India–Pakistan war of 1947–1948|S]]<br /> [[Category:Pakistani military personnel killed in action|S]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of Nishan-e-Haider|S]]<br /> [[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gadra_Road&diff=499592 2026-03-14T20:34:33Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Town and tehsil headquarters in Barmer district, Rajasthan, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Gadra Road<br /> | native_name = गदरा रोड<br /> | settlement_type = Town<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = View of Gadra Road<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|25.7438|N|70.6413|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | pushpin_map = India Rajasthan<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = State<br /> | subdivision_name1 = Rajasthan<br /> | subdivision_type2 = District<br /> | subdivision_name2 = Barmer district<br /> | subdivision_type3 = Tehsil<br /> | subdivision_name3 = Gadra Road (tehsil headquarters)<br /> | elevation_m = 161<br /> | population_total = 8,290<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | postal_code_type = PIN<br /> | postal_code = 344501<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code<br /> | area_code = 02987<br /> | registration_plate = RJ-04<br /> | website = {{URL|https://barmer.rajasthan.gov.in}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Gadra Road''' is a town and the administrative headquarters of Gadra Road tehsil in the [[Barmer district]] of [[Rajasthan]], India. It is located approximately 80&amp;nbsp;km north of [[Barmer, Rajasthan|Barmer]] city by rail&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Gadra Road to Bārmer&amp;nbsp;– 3 ways to travel via train, car, and taxi|url=https://www.rome2rio.com/s/Gadra-Road/B%C4%81rmer|publisher=Rome2Rio|access-date=2025-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; and about 5&amp;nbsp;km from the India–Pakistan border.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Gadra Road – Green Dot Expeditions|url=https://greendotexpeditions.com/gadra/|publisher=Green Dot Expeditions|access-date=2025-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The town takes its name from the former settlement of Gadra in Pakistan’s Sindh province; after the [[Partition of India]] in 1947, it was resettled by Sindhi Hindu refugees, many of whom established Nehru Nagar (Sindhi Colony) and other localities here.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Gadra Road – Green Dot Expeditions|url=https://greendotexpeditions.com/gadra/|publisher=Green Dot Expeditions|access-date=2025-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Role in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965===<br /> During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]], Gadra Road served as a forward logistics base for the Indian Army; on 8 September 1965, elements of the 30 Infantry Brigade under 11 Infantry Division entered West Pakistan through the Gadra Road–Munabao corridor.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sector, and Indian troops of 30 Inf Bde under 11 Inf Div entered West Pakistan in Sind on 8 September 1965 from Gadra Road|url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/archives/OfficialHistory/1965War/1965Chapter08.pdf|publisher=Bharat-Rakshak.com|access-date=2025-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pakistani [[North American F-86 Sabre|Sabre]] jets repeatedly attacked the base, and on 9 September a railway goods train was struck near the station, killing ten railway employees.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The side-show in the South Western Sector|url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/iaf/history/1965war/book/chapter07/|publisher=Bharat-Rakshak.com|access-date=2025-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-02-01 |title=India's only Railway Martyr Memorial in Gadra Road: Where 17 Indian Railway soldiers sacrificed their lives for the country - Niharika Times |url=https://english.niharikatimes.com/railway-martyr-memorial-in-gadra-road/ |access-date=2025-05-03 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> Gadra Road sits in the arid [[Thar Desert]] at an average elevation of 161 m above sea level.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Gadra Road topographic map, elevation, terrain|url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-fsgq4s/Gadra-Road/|publisher=Topographic-Map.com|access-date=2025-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> As per the [[2011 Census of India]] (Village code 086700), Gadra Road (Gadraroad@Ber Seeng Desar) had a population of 8,290—4,303 males and 3,987 females—with 1,574 children aged 0–6 (18.99%) and an overall literacy rate of 54.42% (male 68.26%, female 39.47%)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Gadraroad@Ber Seeng Desar Population – Barmer, Rajasthan|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/86700-gadraroad%40ber-seeng-desar-rajasthan.html|publisher=Census 2011 Portal|access-date=2025-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-13 |title=13 अगस्त 1947- भारत पाकिस्तान अलग हो रहे थे और बस रहा था गडरारोड़ {{!}} village Gadra Road left Pak |url=https://www.patrika.com/barmer-news/village-gadra-road-left-pak-4965646 |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Economy==<br /> The economy is based on dryland agriculture, livestock rearing and date‐palm cultivation in irrigated pockets. Traditional Sindhi handicrafts—especially embroidery and block-printed textiles—are a vital source of income.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Gadra Road – Green Dot Expeditions|url=https://greendotexpeditions.com/gadra/|publisher=Green Dot Expeditions|access-date=2025-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Transport==<br /> * '''Road''': State Highway 40 runs through Gadra Road, linking it to Barmer, Phalodi and Pokharan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=STATE HIGHWAYS IN THE STATE (as on 31.03.2014), Table 2.3|url=https://www.tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/content/dam/transport/transport-dept/pdf/StaticalInfo2015/Table%202.3.pdf|publisher=Transport Dept., Rajasthan Govt.|access-date=2025-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * '''Rail''': Gadra Road railway station (GDD) on the Barmer–Munabao line lies about 80&amp;nbsp;km from Barmer; two daily passenger services link it with Barmer in ≈1 h 36 m.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=GDD/Gadra Road to BME/Barmer – Shortest Rail Distance: 79.96 km|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/route/shortest-rail-route-bme-to-gdd/1145/3955|publisher=India Rail Info|access-date=2025-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Governance==<br /> Gadra Road falls in the Sheo Assembly constituency and is administered by the Gadra Road Gram Panchayat, which comprises 17 wards and 18 elected members.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Gram Panchayat (ग्राम पंचायत): GADRA ROAD|url=https://localbodydata.com/gram-panchayat-gadra-road-35133|publisher=Indian Local Bodies|access-date=2025-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [Official website of Barmer district](https://barmer.rajasthan.gov.in)<br /> <br /> {{Barmer district}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cities and towns in Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:India–Pakistan border crossings]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manapanthal&diff=515668 2026-03-04T05:15:39Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: put up</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1961 film by V. N. Reddy}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Manapanthal poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[V. N. Reddy]]<br /> | producer = [[T. R. Ramanna]]<br /> | music = [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]<br /> | screenplay = Thuraiyur K. Moorthy<br /> | based_on = {{based on|''[[Sabrina (1954 film)|Sabrina]]''}}<br /> | starring = [[S. S. Rajendran]] &lt;br /&gt; [[S. A. Ashokan]] &lt;br /&gt; [[B. Saroja Devi]] &lt;br /&gt; [[E. V. Saroja]]<br /> | studio = R. R. Pictures<br /> | released = {{film date|1961|1|14|df=y}}<br /> | runtime = 150 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> '''''Manapanthal''''' ({{Translation|Marriage Hall}}) is 1961 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romance film]], directed by [[V. N. Reddy]], produced by [[T. R. Ramanna]] and written by Thuraiyur K. Moorthy, with music by [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]. The film stars [[S. S. Rajendran]], [[S. A. Ashokan]], [[B. Saroja Devi]] and [[E. V. Saroja]], with [[P. Kannamba]], [[V. Nagayya]], Rama Rao, [[K. A. Thangavelu]] and [[M. Saroja]] in supporting roles. The film was simultaneously made in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Intiki Deepam Illale]]''; both versions are based on the American film ''[[Sabrina (1954 film)|Sabrina]]'' (1954; based on [[Samuel A. Taylor]]'s 1953 play ''[[Sabrina Fair]]'').&lt;ref name=&quot;RandorGuy&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=26 April 2014 |title=Blast from the past&amp;nbsp;– Manapandhal 1961 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/Manapandhal-1961/article5951258.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427160346/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/Manapandhal-1961/article5951258.ece |archive-date=27 April 2014 |access-date=30 November 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Rajasekaran is an alcoholic, and his younger brother Gunasekaran is a successful medical practitioner. The widowed mother Kannamba showers her love and affection on her two sons and tries to reform Rajasekaran, with little success. Gunasekaran stays in another town with a widowed mother Dharuvamma and her sprightly daughter Malathi, who falls in love with him; he too seems to show some interest in her.<br /> <br /> However, on a rail journey to his hometown, Gunasekaran meets Dharmalingam, an elderly man with a daughter Suguna and both fall in love, and hope to marry soon. Meanwhile, Rajasekaran's mother hopes marriage will reform him and fixes his marriage with Suguna, not realising that Gunasekaran is love with her.<br /> <br /> The wedding happens, and Gunasekaran, due to an accident, is unable to attend it and does not known that the bride is Suguna. Later, when he meets her, he is shocked. Rajasekaran suspects his wife and brother when he learns that she was his lover earlier. He decides to kill them. Meanwhile, Kannamba dies, leaving behind all the property to her daughter-in-law.<br /> <br /> Gunasekaran puts on an act of having become an alcoholic and makes overtures to his sister-in-law Suguna, who slaps him. Seeing this, her husband realises the truth and apologises to her. The family is reunited. While travelling via train, Gunasekaran notices a young woman dressed as a bride lying on the railway track to commit suicide. The train stops in time and Gunasekaran finds that the women is Malathi, who is still in love with him. The two marry.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> * [[S. S. Rajendran]] as Dr. Gunasekaran<br /> * [[S. A. Ashokan]] as Rajasekaran<br /> * [[B. Saroja Devi|B. Sarojadevi]] as Suguna<br /> * [[E. V. Saroja]] as Malathi<br /> * [[P. Kannamba]] as Kannamba<br /> * [[V. Nagayya]] as Dharmalingam<br /> * [[K. A. Thangavelu]] as Dr. Navadeenal<br /> * [[M. Saroja]] as Navami<br /> * Rama Rao as Ashtami<br /> * K. Malathi as Dharuvamma<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> ''Manapanthal'' was directed by V. N. Reddy and produced by [[T. R. Ramanna]] under R. R. Pictures.&lt;ref name=&quot;IndianExpress&quot; /&gt; Thuraiyur K. Murthi wrote the screenplay. Hiralal and Gopalakrishnan were the dance choreographers. It was simultaneously made in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Intiki Deepam Illale]]''; both versions were based on the American film ''[[Sabrina (1954 film)|Sabrina]]'' (1954).&lt;ref name=&quot;RandorGuy&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The music was composed by [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]], while the lyrics were written by [[Kannadasan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;IndianExpress&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Manapanthal |url=https://tamilsongslyrics123.com/movie/Manapanthal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630113839/https://tamilsongslyrics123.com/movie/Manapanthal |archive-date=30 June 2022 |access-date=20 September 2021 |website=Tamil Songs Lyrics}}&lt;/ref&gt; The songs were well received, and contributed to the success of the film. Two songs&amp;nbsp;– &quot;Unakkum Matttum Unakkum&quot;'','' sung by P. Susheela, and &quot;Udalukku Uyir Kaaval&quot;, sung by P. B. Srinivas&amp;nbsp;– attained popularity,&lt;ref name=&quot;RandorGuy&quot; /&gt; especially the latter which speaks against alcoholism.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 May 2024 |title=''குடித்தால் போலீஸ் பிடிக்காதா'': உறுதி செய்த கண்ணதாசன் எழுதிய காவல் கீதம்; என்ன பாட்டு தெரியுமா? |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema-kannadasan-classic-song-in-manapanthal-movie-songs-4554391 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217014729/https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema-kannadasan-classic-song-in-manapanthal-movie-songs-4554391 |archive-date=17 December 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Song !! Singer !! Length<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Unakku Mattum Unakku&quot; || rowspan=3|[[P. Susheela]] || 3:21<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Orey Raagam Orey Thaalam&quot; || 3:36<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Unakku Mattum Unakku&quot; (Sad) || 2:27<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Paarthu Paarthu Nindrathile&quot; || [[P. B. Srinivas]] P. Susheela || 3:28<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Muthu Muthu Pacharisi&quot; || [[S. Janaki]] &amp; [[L. R. Eswari]] || 4:41<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Udalukku Uyir Kaaval&quot; || P. B. Srinivas || 4:10<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Ammavukku Manasukkuley&quot; || S. C. Krishnan,L.R.Eswari || 3:13<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Petretuthu Peyarumittu&quot; || T. S. Bagavathi || 3:52<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Release and reception ==<br /> ''Manapanthal'' was released on 14 January 1961.&lt;ref name=&quot;IndianExpress&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 January 1961 |title=Mana Pandal |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&amp;dat=19610114&amp;printsec=frontpage&amp;hl=en |access-date=3 May 2017 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=10 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was a commercial success, running for over 100 days in theatres.&lt;ref name=&quot;RandorGuy&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Sabrina Fair]]<br /> [[Category:1961 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1960s romance films]]<br /> [[Category:1961 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1961 films]]<br /> [[Category:Comedy-drama film remakes]]<br /> [[Category:Films about alcoholism]]<br /> [[Category:Films about brothers]]<br /> [[Category:Films about Indian weddings]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on adaptations]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian films based on plays]]<br /> [[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romance films]]<br /> [[Category:Romance film remakes]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language romance films]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramayan_(1954_film)&diff=529175 2026-03-04T04:09:14Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: made initial info w/ infobox</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Ramayan<br /> | image = Ramayan_1954.jpg<br /> <br /> | caption = <br /> | director = [[Vijay Bhatt]]<br /> | producer = [[Vijay Bhatt]]<br /> | writer = <br /> | story = Based on Valmiki's Ramayana<br /> | based_on = {{based on|''[[Ramayana]]''|[[Valmiki]]}}<br /> | narrator = <br /> | starring = {{ubl|[[Prem Adib]]|[[Shobhna Samarth]]|[[Shahu Modak]]|[[Durga Khote]]}}<br /> | music = {{ubl|Shankarrao Vyas|Hariprasanna Das}}<br /> | cinematography = <br /> | editing = <br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|1954}}<br /> | runtime = 132 min<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> '''''Ramayan''''' is a 1954 [[Hindi]] religious film based on [[Valmiki]]'s [[Ramayana]], produced and directed by [[Vijay Bhatt]] for [[Prakash Pictures]]. The music directors were Shankar Rao Vyas and Hariprasanna Das&lt;ref name=&quot;De2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Mānnā De |title=Memories Come Alive: An Autobiography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pIGobALr8xwC&amp;pg=PA331 |accessdate=18 January 2015 |date=1 January 2007 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-310193-2 |pages=331–}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the lyrics were written by Ramesh Gupta, Pandit Indra, Neelkanth Tiwari, Baalam Pardesi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hindigeetmala.net/movie/ramayan.htm |title=Ramayan 1954 |publisher=Hindi Geetmala |accessdate=18 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film starred [[Prem Adib]] and [[Shobhana Samarth]] once again as [[Rama]] and [[Sita]]. The two actors had earlier acted in a trilogy of Bhatt's films based on the Ramayana, [[Bharat Milap]] (1942), [[Ram Rajya (1943 film)|Ram Rajya]] (1943) and [[Rambaan]] (1946). All three had been extremely successful, with the audience accepting them in the traditional roles.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pauwels2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Heidi R.M. Pauwels |title=Indian Literature and Popular Cinema: Recasting Classics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAI0scTDAjIC&amp;pg=PA52 |accessdate=16 January 2015 |date=17 December 2007 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-06255-3 |pages=52–}}&lt;/ref&gt; The other costars included [[Shahu Modak]], [[Durga Khote]], and Umakant.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.citwf.com/film287593.htm |title=Ramayan 1954 |publisher=Alan Goble |accessdate=18 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The story revolved around the latter part of the epic Ramayana, focussing on Rama and Sita's twin sons [[Lava (Ramayana)|Luv]] and [[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kusha]].<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Shobhana Samarth]]<br /> * [[Prem Adib]]<br /> * [[Shahu Modak]]<br /> * [[Durga Khote]]<br /> * [[Trilok Kapoor]]<br /> * Umakant<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> The music composers were Shankar Rao Vyas and Hariprasanna Das with [[Manna Dey]] singing songs like &quot;Seete Seete Seete Rom Rom Ram Ka&quot;, &quot;Tyagmayi Tu Gayi Teri Amar Bhavna&quot; and &quot;Ajab Vidhi Ka Lekh&quot;, which was composed by Hariprassana Das.&lt;ref name=&quot;De2007&quot;/&gt; The lyricists were Pandit Indra, Ramesh Gupta, Baalam Pardesi and Neelkanth Tiwari with songs sung by Manna Dey, Phulaji Bua, [[G. M. Durrani]], [[Amirbai Karnataki]], [[Wamanrao Sadolikar]], [[Shahu Modak]], [[Saraswati Rane]], Yashwant, Madhusudan and Baby Tara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Album Ramayan 1954 |url=http://myswar.co/album/ramayan-1954 |accessdate=18 January 2015 |publisher=MySwar}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Songlist===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! # !! Title !!Singer !! Lyricist <br /> |- <br /> | 1<br /> | &quot;Jhananan Jhananan Baaj Rahi Hai&quot;<br /> | Phulaji Bua <br /> | Baalam Pardesi<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | &quot;Ram Chale Ram Chale Ban Chale Ram Raghuveer&quot;<br /> | [[G. M. Durrani]]<br /> | Pandit Indra<br /> |-<br /> | 3<br /> | &quot;Aaye Raghuveer Aaye Ganga Ke Teer&quot;<br /> | [[Amirbai Karnataki]], [[Wamanrao Sadolikar]]<br /> | Pandit Indra<br /> |-<br /> | 4<br /> | &quot;Pehle Paanv Pakharun Prabhu&quot;<br /> | Amirbai Karnataki, Wamanrao Sadolikar<br /> | Pandit Indra<br /> |-<br /> | 5<br /> | &quot;Bata Do Ram Gaye Kis Ore&quot;<br /> | [[Shahu Modak]]<br /> | Balam Pardesi<br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | &quot;Seete Seete Rom Rom Karta Pukar&quot;<br /> | [[Manna Dey]]<br /> | Neelkanth Tiwari<br /> |-<br /> | 7<br /> | &quot;Beena Madhur Madhur Kuch Bol&quot;<br /> | Saraswati Rane<br /> | Ramesh Gupta<br /> |-<br /> | 8<br /> | &quot;Ajab Vidhi Ka Lekh Kisi Se Padha Nahin Jaye&quot;<br /> | Manna Dey<br /> | Ramesh Gupta<br /> |-<br /> | 9<br /> | &quot;Jhoole Mein Jhool Tu Jhoole Mein Jhool&quot;<br /> | Baby Tara<br /> | Ramesh Gupta<br /> |-<br /> | 10<br /> | &quot;Bharat Ki Ek Sannari Ki Hum Katha&quot;<br /> | Yashwant, Madhusudan<br /> | Ramesh Gupta<br /> |-<br /> | 11<br /> | &quot;Tyagmayi Tu Gayi Teri Amar Bhavna&quot;<br /> | Manna Dey<br /> | Ramesh Gupta<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | &quot;Paapi Ko Toh Ganga Taare Bhakton Ko Narayan&quot;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|id =34779970 |title =Ramayan }}<br /> <br /> {{Vijay Bhatt}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1954 films]]<br /> [[Category:1954 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu mythological films]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on the Ramayana]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Vijay Bhatt]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on the Uttar Ramayana]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raj_Kamal_Jha&diff=469385 2026-03-04T03:54:26Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian writer, newspaper editor}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Multiple issues|<br /> {{more footnotes needed|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Cleanup rewrite|date=August 2019}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Infobox writer<br /> |birth_date = {{birth year and age|1966}}<br /> |language = English<br /> |genre = <br /> |occupation = Editor, journalist, novelist<br /> |notableworks = {{unbulleted list|[[The Blue Bedspread]]|If You Are Afraid of Heights|Fireproof|She Will Build Him a City|The City and the Sea|The Patient in Bed Number 12}}<br /> |awards = {{unbulleted list|[[Commonwealth Writers' Prize]]|International Press Institute Award|Tata Literature Live! Best Book|[[Rabindranath Tagore Literary Prize]]|IAA Editor of the Year|Mumbai Red Ink Journalist of the Year|IIT Kharagpur Distinguished Alumnus Award|Ruskin Bond Award for Fiction}}<br /> }}<br /> '''Raj Kamal Jha''' (born 1966) is an Indian [[newspaper editor]] and novelist writing in English. He currently serves as the Editor-in-Chief of ''[[The Indian Express]]''. He has written six novels that have been translated into more than 12 languages. His journalism and fiction have won national and international awards, including the [[Commonwealth Foundation prizes#Commonwealth Writers' Prize|Commonwealth Writers]] Prize; [[Rabindranath Tagore Literary Prize]]; Tata Literature Live! Book of The Year; the [[International Press Institute]] India Award for Excellence in Journalism; and the Mumbai Press Club Journalist of the Year award. In September 2021, Jha was awarded Editor of The Year by the India Chapter of the [[International Advertising Association]] Annual Leadership Awards.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/iaa-honours-for-express-chief-editor-raj-kamal-jha-amul-md-r-s-sodhi-7533123/|title=IAA honours for Express Chief Editor Raj Kamal Jha, Amul MD R S Sodhi|date=25 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He is the cousin of former Congress leader [[Sanjay Jha (politician)|Sanjay Jha]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://twitter.com/JhaSanjay/status/299386834759340032 &quot;Strongly recommend my brilliant cousin Rajkamal Jha's ( Managing Editor of Indian Express) book FIREPROOF published a few years ago . Class!&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> <br /> Jha was born in [[Bhagalpur, Bihar]], and grew up in [[Calcutta]], West Bengal, where he went to school at [[St. Joseph's College, Calcutta|St. Joseph's College]].&lt;ref&gt;[[St. Joseph's College, Calcutta#Notable alumni]],&quot;St Joseph's College, notable alumni&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; He attended the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur]], where he got his Bachelor of Technology with Honours in Mechanical Engineering. He was the editor of the campus magazine ''Alankar'' in his third (junior) and fourth (senior) years at IIT where he received the institute's Order of Merit. After graduating in June 1988, he received a full scholarship to the [[USC Annenberg School for Communication|Graduate School of Journalism]] at the [[University of Southern California]] to pursue a Master's program in Print Journalism; he received his M.A. in 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.usc.edu/dept/pubrel/trojan_family/winter00/alumninews/AP_Jha.html|title=USC Alumni News}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Journalism==<br /> <br /> Since 1990, Jha has been working full-time in newsrooms.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.google.co.in/#q=%22a+fact+that+deeply+informs+and+influences+his+fiction%22/ &quot;Raj Kamal Jha-IIT Kharagpur&quot;], ''IIT Scholar''&lt;/ref&gt; He was an Assistant Editor (News) at ''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]'' in [[Kolkata]] between 1992 and 1994, a Senior Associate Editor at ''[[India Today]]'', New Delhi (1994–1996), and since 1996 has been with [[The Indian Express]], first as its Deputy Editor, then as Executive Editor, Managing Editor, Editor and now Chief Editor since June 2014.&lt;ref&gt;[http://indianexpress.com/profile/columnist/raj-kamal-jha/ &quot;Raj Kamal Jha-Chief Editor&quot;] ''The Indian Express''&lt;/ref&gt; The newspaper and its journalists have won the Excellence in Journalism Award from the India chapter of the Vienna-based [[International Press Institute]] five times.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.freemedia.at/newssview/article/ipi-india-award-for-excellence-in-journalism-goes-to-the-tribune.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710165015/http://www.freemedia.at/newssview/article/ipi-india-award-for-excellence-in-journalism-goes-to-the-tribune.html|url-status=dead|title=Freemedia report on IPI Award|archive-date=10 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ritu-sarin-wins-international-press-institutes-award-for-excellence-in-journalism-5053680/|title=Ritu Sarin wins International Press Institute's award for excellence in journalism|date=7 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/express-reporter-wins-ipi-india-award-2020-for-coverage-of-election-commission-7192701/|title = Express reporter wins IPI India Award 2020 for coverage of Election Commission|date = 17 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; These are for investigative work by the newspaper related to the Gujarat riots of 2002 and their aftermath; the Bihar flood scam in which relief was siphoned off by officers; the disappearance of tigers from India's national parks and questions regarding the role of the Election Commission of India.<br /> <br /> As a member of the &quot;[[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]]&quot;, the newspaper, in April 2016, investigated The Panama Papers and revealed details of Indian names and companies related to offshore accounts in tax havens. Following the revelations, the Government set up a panel to probe each account.&lt;ref&gt;[http://indianexpress.com/topic/panama-papers/page/2/ &quot;The Panama Papers, The Indian Express&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; For the Panama Papers, the ICIJ won the Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.icij.org/investigations/panama-papers/panama-papers-wins-pulitzer-prize/ &quot;Panama Papers wins Pulitzer Prize&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; For his &quot;exemplary stewardship&quot; of The Indian Express that saw a &quot;focus on investigative journalism&quot;, Jha was named Journalist of the Year by the Mumbai Press Club at Redink Awards, 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://thewire.in/143486/the-wire-vinod-dua-redink-lifetime-achievement-award/ |title = The Wire's Vinod Dua Wins RedInk Lifetime Achievement Award}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In June 2021, the newspaper's investigation of FinCEN files, tracking global dirty money flows through global banks including HSBC, JP Morgan Chase and Standard Chartered, was part of the ICIJ-BuzzFeedNews project that was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.icij.org/investigations/fincen-files/fincen-files-investigation-named-pulitzer-prize-finalist/ &quot;FinCEN Pulitzer finalist&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Delivering the vote of thanks at the Ramnath Goenka Memorial Awards in 2016 in the presence of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Jha underlined that questioning those in power and holding them accountable, inviting their criticism, was the hallmark of good journalism, an obvious truth that often gets lost in the &quot;selfie journalism&quot; of &quot;likes and retweets&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/|title=Newslaundry {{pipe}} Sabki Dhulai|website=Newslaundry}}&lt;/ref&gt; The next year, Jha said that the only counter to fear in the newsroom was to get up and switch the lights on rather than find a safe blanket to hide under.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2017, for his &quot;outstanding contribution&quot; to journalism and literature by telling stories about a changing India with &quot;honesty, compassion and courage&quot;, Jha was awarded the Distinguished Alumnus Award by his alma mater [[Indian Institute of Technology]], Kharagpur, at its annual convocation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://alumni.iitkgp.ac.in/Alumniweb/Alumaward |title=&quot;IIT Kharagpur Distinguished Alumnus Award 2017&quot; |access-date=8 December 2019 |archive-date=19 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419184519/http://alumni.iitkgp.ac.in/Alumniweb/Alumaward |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Past recipients of this award from the institute include Google's [[Sundar Pichai]], Delhi Chief Minister [[Arvind Kejriwal]] and Magsaysay Award winner [[Harish Hande]].<br /> <br /> In March 2023, speaking at the RNG Awards in the presence of the Chief Justice of India [[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud]], Jha called the Supreme Court the North Star for journalists for expanding the freedom of the press over the years. That's why, he said, &quot;when the lights dim, when a reporter is arrested under a law meant for terrorists, when another is arrested for asking a question, when a university teacher is picked up for sharing a cartoon, a college student for a speech, a film star for a comment, or when a rejoinder to a story comes in the form of a police FIR – we turn to the North Star for its guiding light.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=136264812730154/ &quot;Raj Kamal Jha RNG Awards vote of thanks, 2023&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Novels==<br /> <br /> Jha's journalism uniquely shapes his fiction.<br /> <br /> His sixth and latest novel ''The Patient in Bed Number 12'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|id={{ASIN|0670099716|country=in}} }}&lt;/ref&gt; published in 2023, tracks a viral hate video, a dying father in search of the living and a daughter who follows her head and heart. Actor and director [[Nandita Das]] called it &quot;a heart-wrenching journey through the lives of ordinary people in extraordinary times&quot;. Poet and critic [[Ranjit Hoskote]] wrote this &quot;dazzling kaleidoscope&quot; of a novel is a &quot;superbly Sebaldian&quot; take on the trauma and horror of a people who have lost agency.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/raj-kamal-jha-the-patient-in-bed-number-12-9142196/ |title=Reverie to nightmare, realism to fable, they come together in Raj Kamal Jha's dazzling kaleidoscope of a novel, the Patient in Bed Number 12 |date=3 February 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> His fifth novel ''The City And The Sea'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Buy The City and the Sea: A Novel Book Online at Low Prices in India {{pipe}} The City and the Sea: A Novel Reviews &amp; Ratings - Amazon.in|id={{ASIN|0670090441|country=in}}}}&lt;/ref&gt; published by Penguin Hamish Hamilton in 2019, &quot;cleaves open India's tragedy of violence against women with a powerful story about our complicity in the culture that supports it.&quot; Nobel Laureate, economist and philosopher [[Amartya Sen]] has called it a &quot;gripping narrative of human predicament and surviving hope, yielding an extraordinary combination of philosophy and allegory. A book you have to read.&quot;<br /> <br /> Taking off from the [[2012 Delhi gang rape]], the novel &quot;builds a narrative around a life disrupted by such an incident by delving into the past of one of the perpetrators (the juvenile), and the victim's impossible future (as a mother).&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/books/exclusive-interview-raj-kamal-jha-the-city-and-the-sea-book|title=Exclusive {{pipe}} Interview: Raj Kamal Jha on 'The City and the Sea'|website=The Wire}}&lt;/ref&gt; Writing in The Indian Express, eminent Malayalam writer [[N S Madhavan]] said: The layers upon layers of Jha's novel dress the &quot;collective wound&quot; of a nation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/what-cant-be-said-is-written-delhi-rape-case-2012-the-city-the-sea-raj-kamal-jha-5770311/|title=What Can't Be Said Is Written|date=8 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> His fourth novel ''She Will Build Him A City''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.amazon.com/She-Will-Build-Him-City/dp/1620409046/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1520368514&amp;sr=1-1&amp;keywords=she+will+build+him+a+city&amp;dpID=51oQRqWI2FL&amp;preST=_SY344_BO1,204,203,200_QL70_&amp;dpSrc=srch, She Will Build Him A City]&lt;/ref&gt; was published by [[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]] in India, Australia, UK and US and by [[Actes Sud]] in French. [[Pankaj Mishra]] has called it the &quot;best novel from and about India I have read in a long time.&quot; Writer [[Neel Mukherjee (writer)|Neel Mukherjee]] has said its &quot;revelations about the New India are explosive.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/she-will-build-him-a-city-9781408855041/|title=She Will Build Him a City|website=Bloomsbury Publishing}}&lt;/ref&gt; Describing its writing as &quot;gorgeous&quot;, Kirkus Reviews says it uses &quot;magic to illuminate violence, poverty and loss&quot; and shines light on the &quot;ugly highs and lows of modern India&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/raj-kamal-jha/she-will-build-him-a-city/|title=SHE WILL BUILD HIM A CITY by Raj Kamal Jha {{pipe}} Kirkus Reviews|via=www.kirkusreviews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Writer and critic Alex Clark writes in [[The Guardian]]: &quot;Everywhere, scale is out of whack: tiny dwellings are dwarfed by teetering towers; choked roads are closed by massing protesters and water cannons; spiralling sums of money are set against almost unfathomable deprivation. The sense throughout is of inescapable oppression. No wonder the characters – both human and animal – occasionally break the bonds of earth and fly across the sky in search of less constrained lives.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/mar/07/she-will-build-him-a-city-raj-kamal-jha-review|title=She Will Build Him a City by Raj Kamal Jha review – alienation and upheaval|first=Alex|last=Clark|newspaper=The Guardian |date=7 March 2015|via=www.theguardian.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In April 2022, to mark the Platinum Jubilee of Queen [[Elizabeth II]], the UK-based [[The Reading Agency]] and [[BBC]] Arts chose 70 titles, 10 books for each decade of the Queen's Reign that showcase &quot;brilliant, beautiful and thrilling writing&quot; from &quot;inspiring writers&quot; across the Commonwealth. [[The Blue Bedspread]], by Jha, was chosen as one of the ten books for 1992-2001 along with works by Nobel Laureates [[Abdulrazak Gurnah]] and [[J. M. Coetzee]]; [[Arundhati Roy]], [[Yann Martel]], [[Zadie Smith]], [[Michael Ondaatje]], [[Rohinton Mistry]], [[Carol Shields]] and [[Earl Lovelace]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/2Ynpj933DJ2YG5nsMS6fn8k/a-literary-celebration-of-queen-elizabeth-iis-record-breaking-reign/ &quot;The Big Jubilee Read&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Jha is represented by London-based literary agent David Godwin&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.davidgodwinassociates.com/davids-authors|title=David's Authors|website=DGA}}&lt;/ref&gt; of David Godwin Associates.<br /> <br /> === Themes in Writing ===<br /> His writing calls for reader participation which evokes sharp, divided reaction.{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}}<br /> <br /> &quot;Not everyone's kind of tales, they are dense and surreal, contain dark, brooding, even repugnant elements,&quot; said [[Open (Indian magazine)|OPEN (magazine)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/books/novelist-of-the-newsroom|author=Rajni George|publisher=OPEN|date=January 16, 2015|title=Novelist of the newsroom}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Writing on &quot;The Patient in Bed Number 12,&quot; scholar and translator [[Arshia Sattar]] said: &quot;Jha is a grammarian of our time parsing the news in his novels. His fiction transforms the news from something that fades into the past and is forgotten into a hologram of the present. More power to him and others like him—we need to see the truth even if we decide not to carry its weight.&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://openthemagazine.com/lounge/books/writing-in-the-dark/ |title=Writing in the Dark |date=25 January 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Reviewing &quot;The City And The Sea,&quot; Malayalam writer [[K. R. Meera]] wrote: &quot;It is the story of children within us, whose only defence against the unexplained horrors of the dark is darkness itself.&quot; Actor and activist [[Shabana Azmi]] said reading the book is &quot;to dive into the darkness and spot a piercing ray of light&quot;. That as India stumbles its way into the 21st century, its &quot;absolute priority has to be the safety of girls in public and private places and this will need courage and compassion&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://penguin.co.in/book/uncategorized/the-city-and-the-sea/|title=The City and the Sea|website=Penguin India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[John Fowles]] described [[The Blue Bedspread]] as the &quot;Coming of age of the Indian novel.&quot; On Jha's second novel &quot;If You Are Afraid of Heights,&quot; Alfred Hickling wrote in ''[[The Guardian]]'': &quot;Readers are left to formulate their own theories and connections. But Jha's writing functions more through power of association than sequential narrative. His prose has the febrile, cold-sweat quality of the most vivid waking nightmares. He suspends his work in a realm of improbability, where it is possible to think the unthinkable...Perhaps the biggest taboo that Jha seeks to breach is the sacrosanct, hierarchical structure of the family.&lt;ref&gt;Alfred Hickling, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/aug/16/fiction.featuresreviews2 &quot;If You Are Afraid of Heights-Review&quot;], ''The Guardian'', Aug 16, 2003&lt;/ref&gt;&quot; According to writer and musician [[Amit Chaudhuri]], Jha's writing is more in the tradition of cinema than literature. Referring to the works of [[Andrei Tarkovsky|Tarkovsky]], [[Luis Buñuel]] and [[Pedro Almodóvar]], Chaudhuri says just like their films are &quot;destined to be foreign even to those who speak the language they are made in&quot;, Jha's novel speaks a &quot;foreign language&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Amit Chaudhuri, [http://www.lrb.co.uk/v26/n24/amit-chaudhuri/champion-of-hide-and-seek &quot;London Review of Books&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''[[Fireproof (novel)|Fireproof]]'' is set against the backdrop of the [[2002 Gujarat riots]], the first attack on Muslims (In retaliation of attacks on Karsevaks in Godhra) after 9/11. The novel is a chilling tale of a father and his deformed son on a journey across a city where the ghosts of those killed have decided to seek justice.&lt;ref&gt;Antara Dev Sen, [http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/the-father-the-son-and-the-night/18732/ &quot;The Father, the Son and the Night&quot;], ''The Indian Express'', Dec 16, 2006&lt;/ref&gt; Commenting on ''Fireproof'', ''[[India Today]]'' said: &quot;Here is a chronicle for the 21st century, then, a [[bildungsroman]] that tracks the education of the crime-infested soul, completed when the soul cries 'I am guilty.'&quot;<br /> <br /> Reviewing Jha's fourth novel, &quot;She Will Build Him A City,&quot; [[The Saturday Paper]], the Australian cultural weekly, called it &quot;conceptually daring and important beyond entertainment&quot;. The importance of the novel, it wrote, is the fact that &quot;if the Indian economy is a tiger on the verge of roaring, the world should hear the stories of the people who have fed it with their blood.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesaturdaypaper.com.au/2015/03/31/she-will-build-him-city/14262516001589|title=She Will Build Him a City|first=Reviewer|last=LS|date=14 March 2015|website=The Saturday Paper}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Honours==<br /> <br /> * Winner, Commonwealth Writers Prize for Best First Book (Eurasia), ''The Blue Bedspread,'' 2000&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.librarything.com/bookaward/Commonwealth+Writers%27+Prize | title=Commonwealth Writers' Prize {{pipe}} Book awards {{pipe}} LibraryThing }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Finalist, John Llewellyn Rhys Prize, ''The Blue Bedspread,'' 2000<br /> * Finalist, Guardian First Book Award, ''The Blue Bedspread,'' 1999&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/apr/07/guardian-first-book-award-all-the-winners|title=Guardian first book award: All the winners|website=[[TheGuardian.com]]|date=7 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * The New York Times Notable Book of The Year, ''The Blue Bedspread,'' 2000&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/03/books/notable-books.html|title = Notable Books|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 3 December 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Finalist, Hutch-Crossword Book Award, ''If You Are Afraid of Heights,'' 2003<br /> * Winner, Best Book (Fiction) published in 2006, ''Fireproof,'' CNN-IBN List<br /> * Finalist, DSC Prize for South Asian Literature, ''She Will Build Him A City,'' 2016&lt;ref&gt;[http://dscprize.com/2015/11/27/dsc-prize-2016-announces-a-shortlist-of-6-novels/|title=DSC Prize 2016 announces a shortlist of 6 novels {{pipe}} The DSC Prize for South Asian Literature|website=dscprize.com]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Longlist, [[JCB Prize for Literature]], ''The City and The Sea,'' 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejcbprize.org/longlist2019/index/4ef7e1f9-26d5-47c2-8362-7670cc2f71a1|title = The city and the sea-RAJ KAMAL JHA}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Finalist, DSC Prize for South Asian Literature, ''The City and the Sea'', 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://dscprize.com/2019/09/26/longlist-announced-for-the-dsc-prize-for-south-asian-literature-2019/ | title=Archives }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Winner, Tata Literature Live Book of The Year (Fiction), ''The City and the Sea,'' 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/writer-shanta-gokhale-honoured-with-lifetime-achievement-award-at-tata-literature-live/166488| title = outlookindia.com - more than just the news magazine from India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Finalist, Mathrubhumi Book of the Year, ''The City and the Sea,'' 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/mbifl2020/news/mathrubhumi-book-of-the-year-award-2020-shortlist-announced-1.4465934|title = Mathrubhumi Book of the Year Award 2020: Shortlist announced| date=22 January 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Winner, [[Rabindranath Tagore Literary Prize]], ''The City and the Sea,'' 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-12-07|title=Raj Kamal Jha wins Rabindranath Tagore Literary Prize 2020 for The City and the Sea|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/raj-kamal-jha-wins-the-rabindranath-tagore-literary-prize-2020-for-the-city-and-the-sea-7095066/|access-date=2020-12-09|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Selected, [[The Blue Bedspread]], as one of the 10 books of decade 1992-2001 and one of the 70 books to mark The Queen's Jubilee List, 2022&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/apr/18/the-god-of-small-things-to-shuggie-bain-the-queens-jubilee-book-list?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Other &quot;The Guardian on the Queen's book list&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Winner, [[Ruskin Bond]] Award for Fiction, Banaras Literature Festival, ''The Patient in Bed Number 12,'' 2025&lt;ref&gt;[https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/banaras-lit-fest-book-awards-winners-9852159/]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Other media==<br /> Japanese video artist and photographer [[Noritoshi Hirakawa]] created four video art installations taking scenes from Jha's three novels for an exhibition at the [[National Gallery of Modern Art]] in New Delhi in 2007 as part of a special exhibition of contemporary Japanese art called Vanishing Points.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/the-points-of-contact-107102701020_1.html &quot;The Points of Contact&quot;] ''Business Standard'', Oct 27, 2007&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Teaching==<br /> Jha was a visiting professor at the Graduate School of Journalism at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] where he taught a course on reporting on India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://projects.journalism.berkeley.edu/indiareport/author/bs9749a/|title=bs9749a {{pipe}} The India Reporting Project|date=17 April 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; He was also a fellow at the [[Yaddo]] Residency in [[Saratoga Springs, New York]], in 2005. He was selected as Artist-in-Residence (Literature) in Berlin by the [[German Academic Exchange Service]] for 2012–2013 under the Berliner Künstlerprogramm,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.berliner-kuenstlerprogramm.de/en/gast.php?id=1204 &quot;Guests-Jha, Raj Kamal&quot;] ''Berliner Künstlerprogramm''&lt;/ref&gt; offering grants to artists in the fields of &quot;visual arts, literature, music and film.&quot;<br /> <br /> ==Books==<br /> *1999: ''[[The Blue Bedspread]]'', novel, Picador, Random House<br /> *2003: ''If You Are Afraid of Heights'', novel, Picador, Harcourt<br /> *2006: ''Zwischen den Welten'', Short fiction in a German anthology<br /> *2006-7: ''Fireproof'', novel, Picador<br /> *2012: Prose-verse in ''[[Kindness]]'', Australia-India Cultural Exchange, 20 Year Anniversary Project, Australia-India Council<br /> *2013: Short Fiction in ''[[Es war einmal]]'', audio book, Hörbuch Hamburg<br /> *2015: ''She Will Build Him A City'', novel, Bloomsbury<br /> *2019: ''The City And The Sea'', novel, Penguin Hamish Hamilton<br /> *2023: ''The Patient in Bed Number 12'', novel, Penguin Hamish Hamilton<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Indian writing in English]]<br /> * [[List of Indian writers]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{ISFDB name|107661}}<br /> * {{OL author|104097A}}<br /> * {{Perlentaucher|raj-kamal-jha}}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050316013048/http://www.saja.org/rajkamaljha.html Raj Kamal Jha] at the [[South Asian Journalists Association]]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070430143326/http://www.himalmag.com/2007/february/review1.htm Review in Himal, Kathmandu]<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> {{Portal bar|Biography|India|Literature}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Jha, Raj Kamal}}<br /> [[Category:1966 births]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male novelists]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Novelists from Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Novelists from West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:People from Bhagalpur]]<br /> [[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]<br /> [[Category:USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism alumni]]<br /> [[Category:IIT Kharagpur alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Indian newspaper editors]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irandam_Ulagam&diff=504672 2026-03-03T03:28:09Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: creating new article</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2013 Indian film by Selvaraghavan}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=March 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Irandam Ulagam.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Selvaraghavan]]<br /> | producer = [[Prasad V. Potluri]]<br /> | writer = Selvaraghavan<br /> | starring = [[Arya (actor)|Arya]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Anushka Shetty|Anushka]]<br /> | music = '''Songs:'''&lt;br /&gt;[[Harris Jayaraj]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Anirudh Ravichander]]&lt;br /&gt;'''Score:'''&lt;br /&gt;Anirudh Ravichander<br /> | cinematography = [[Ramji (cinematographer)|Ramji]]<br /> | editing = [[Kola Bhaskar]]<br /> | studio = [[PVP Cinema]]<br /> | distributor = [[The Show People]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|11|22|ref1=}}<br /> | runtime = 160 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | budget = &lt;!--Must be attributed to reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No faceless blogs.--&gt;<br /> | gross = &lt;!--Must be attributed to reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No faceless blogs.--&gt;<br /> }}<br /> '''''Irandam Ulagam''''' ({{Translation|Second world}}) is a 2013 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic fantasy]] film written and directed by [[Selvaraghavan]]. Starring [[Arya (actor)|Arya]] and [[Anushka Shetty]], the film's soundtrack was composed by [[Harris Jayaraj]], with a score composed by [[Anirudh Ravichander]] and cinematography handled by [[Ramji (cinematographer)|Ramji]]. After several months of production, the film was released worldwide on 22 November 2013.<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> ''Irandam Ulagam'' is about two stories which unfold concurrently in two different planets – the [[Earth]] and an unnamed [[exoplanet]]. On Earth a naive medical student Ramya who has a crush on an academic mathematician Madhu Balakrishnan, asks him out. He initially refuses her proposal for marriage as his father has a disability, needing his full attention and care. Later, Madhu gradually reciprocates Ramya's love seeing her caring nature and proposes marriage. But, she reluctantly rejects his proposal as her family has already arranged her marriage. While on a trip to Goa, Madhu wins Ramya's heart while her fiancé abruptly cancels the marriage citing dowry as the reason. She suddenly dies in a freak accident, and this is followed by Madhu's paralysed father's death too. Depressed by the sudden twin tragedies, Madhu becomes a vagabond in Goa. He sees an apparition of his dead father that tells him death is an illusion. Later, at a local tourist spot, he follows an empty car to a hilltop and tries to commit suicide. He gets injured and faints while trying to drive the car.<br /> <br /> The story moves parallel in the alternate world in a relatively primitive kingdom which protects the immortal Amma. The son of a noble military commander, Maravan, falls in love with a [[working class]] orphan, Varna. Maravan, though fearless, does not take an interest in martial arts and roams around the kingdom drinking with his friends. Varna, on the other hand, is interested in a military career though she picks and packs wild mushrooms to eke out a living. She also has the desire to protect Amma from the enemies of the kingdom. While gatecrashing a military admissions exam for Amma's protection, the tyrant king condemns Varna to his harem. Maravan pleads with the king to release Varna, and the king, in return, challenges Maravan to get hold of a lion's skin within three days. Maravan, though inexperienced, fights with the lion that has never been conquered until then and gets Varna released. At the behest of the king, Varna is forced to marry Maravan, which goes against her [[free will]]. So, she tries to commit suicide after assaulting the king. But Amma saves her, and the riled king exiles her to the forest. Depressed, Maravan tries to commit suicide in vain. Taunted by new military recruits, Maravan climbs a sacred mountain called Swamimalai.<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, with the special powers of Amma, an inter-planetary portal opens briefly between Maravan in Swamimalai and Madhu in Goa. Maravan rescues the fainted Madhu from the car and takes him to Amma for treatment. People of the kingdom celebrate Madhu mistake him for an angel. Enemies lay siege to the kingdom and try to kidnap Amma, but intoxicated Maravan fights them off with the help of Varna, who returns from the forest. When Madhu looks at Varna (who looks like Ramya), flowers begin to bloom in the kingdom for the first time. But the timid people force Varna back into the forests. Later Maravan's bravery is rewarded by his father and king, who admits him into military service. Maravan, with new-found confidence, goes into the forest to meet Varna with food and blankets. But she rejects him again. Madhu, too goes into the forest to meet Varna. This time, Varna accepts his friendship. Marvan gets jealous of Madhu. A stormy night forces Varna to eventually return to the kingdom from the forest. The enemies of the kingdom capture Amma while the irate king sends Maravan for execution for illegally housing Varna. Maravan is captured by the enemy troops while abducting Amma. Madhu and Varna set out through the forest to find Maravan and Amma. Varna eventually realises that she had fallen in love with her husband Maravan after hearing about Ramya. Maravan bravely wipes out the entire army of the enemy and escapes with Amma on a boat. But Madhu is drowned in combat. Amma stops Varna and Maravan from saving him. Then an inter-planetary portal opens briefly again, and Madhu lands in another unnamed exoplanet where he finally meets his soulmate Ramya look-alike again. He earnestly asks her if she is single. Finally, he realises that it is his true destiny.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> * [[Arya (actor)|Arya]] as Maravan/Madhu Balakrishnan<br /> * [[Anushka Shetty|Anushka]] as Ramya/Varna/Anushka (Voice dubbed by [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]])<br /> * [[Tinatin Dalakishvili|Tina Dalakishvili]] as Amma<br /> * [[Venkatesh Harinathan]] as Venky<br /> * [[Ashok Kumar (Telugu actor)|Ashok Kumar]] as Madhu's father<br /> * Padu Raman as Chief Doctor<br /> * Hema Rajkumar as Ramya's colleague <br /> * Selva<br /> * [[Rohit Kalia]] as Ramya's fiancé (special appearance in &quot;Kanimozhiyae&quot; song)<br /> * [[Selvaraghavan]] (voice role) as houseowner<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> ===Development===<br /> After deciding to shelve another project titled ''Idhu Maalai Nerathu Mayakkam'' featuring Dhanush and Andrea, Selvaraghavan began shooting with the same cast in June 2010, for a film titled ''Maravan''. Filming was held at Jeppiaar Engineering College in [[Chennai]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=30 July 2010 |title=Priyamani signs her third Kannada film |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/priyamani-signs-her-third-kannada-film/652395/2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923054023/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/priyamani-signs-her-third-kannada-film/ |archive-date=23 September 2022 |access-date=7 August 2013 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The title later was changed to ''Irandam Ulagam'' and in a turn of events, [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] replaced Prakash Kumar as music composer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2010 |title=Yuvan replaces GV in Selva's film |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/yuvan-replaces-gvin-selva-s-film-news-tamil-km1jHjcefaa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230104025/http://www.sify.com/movies/yuvan-replaces-gvin-selva-s-film-news-tamil-km1jHjcefaa.html |archive-date=30 December 2010 |access-date=7 August 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 December 2010 |title=GV Prakash makes his point |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/gv-prakash-makes-his-point-news-tamil-km2ocIhjcdh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231161115/http://www.sify.com/movies/gv-prakash-makes-his-point-news-tamil-km2ocIhjcdh.html |archive-date=31 December 2010 |access-date=7 August 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=15 January 2011 |title=A glimpse of Gita |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-15/news-interviews/28354711_1_selva-positive-energy-irandam-ulagam |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120927183848/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-15/news-interviews/28354711_1_selva-positive-energy-irandam-ulagam |archive-date=27 September 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 February 2011 |title=G.Dhananjayan joins UTV |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/g-dhananjayan-joins-utv-news-tamil-lcbrc0chhec.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204034002/http://www.sify.com/movies/g-dhananjayan-joins-utv-news-tamil-lcbrc0chhec.html |archive-date=4 February 2011 |access-date=7 August 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, in a sensational turn, Prakash Kumar was assigned again as composer after Yuvan Shankar Raja moved out of the project.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=3 April 2011 |title=GV Prakash replaces Yuvan Shankar Raja |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/GV-Prakash-replaces-Yuvan-Shankar-Raja/articleshow/7851329.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927150109/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-03/news-interviews/29374791_1_kadhal-kondein-yuvan-shankar-raja-selvaraghavan |archive-date=27 September 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film ran into trouble yet again after lead actress Andrea Jeremiah pulled out of the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Dhanush gets Simbu's heroine! |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-12/news-interviews/29535378_1_tinsel-town-kollywood-heroine |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106124339/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-12/news-interviews/29535378_1_tinsel-town-kollywood-heroine |archive-date=2012-11-06 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=11 May 2011 |title=Richa in, Andrea out? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Richa-in-Andrea-out/articleshow/8219049.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120927184019/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-11/news-interviews/29528698_1_selvaraghavan-idhu-maalai-nerathu-mayakkam-irandam-ulagam |archive-date=27 September 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 September 2011 |title=Selva clears the air about Mayakkam Enna |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/selva-clears-the-air-about-mayakkam-enna-news-tamil-ljmkHrdajjf.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106094603/http://www.sify.com/movies/selva-clears-the-air-about-mayakkam-enna-news-tamil-ljmkHrdajjf.html |archive-date=6 November 2011 |access-date=29 December 2011 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=18 May 2011 |title=Harris' Chinese connection |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Harris-Chinese-connection/articleshow/8412971.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927184257/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-18/news-interviews/29555629_1_chinese-connection-mandarin-chinese-song |archive-date=27 September 2012 |access-date=29 December 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, Harris Jayaraj was confirmed to be a part of the project as the music director, again replacing Prakash Kumar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 September 2011 |title=Harris Jayaraj teams with Selvaraghavan |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/harris-jayaraj-teams-with-selvaraghavan-news-tamil-ljujRGhigce.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923184031/http://www.sify.com/movies/harris-jayaraj-teams-with-selvaraghavan-news-tamil-ljujRGhigce.html |archive-date=23 September 2011 |access-date=29 December 2011 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sivakarthikeyan]] also briefly shot for the film in a supporting role, but was replaced by [[Venkatesh Harinathan]] after having creative differences with Selvaraghavan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Apr 14, 2015 |title=Did you know? Sivakarthikeyan acted in Irandam Ulagam |url=http://www.2daycinema.com/news-id-sivakarthikeyan-arya-14-04-151634.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116081116/http://www.2daycinema.com/news-id-sivakarthikeyan-arya-14-04-151634.htm |archive-date=16 January 2018 |access-date=15 January 2018 |website=2daycinema}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Filming===<br /> {{Quote box<br /> | align = right<br /> |width = 30%<br /> |quote = &quot;No one has really attempted a mystical film. There is a lot of Sufism and a Zen feel to the film. I have made a romantic film that uses these elements in the background. There is a reality in mysticism&quot;<br /> |source = Selvaraghavan, on the making of ''Irandam Ulagam''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Nikhil Raghavan |date=10 August 2013 |title=Art from the heart |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/art-from-the-heart/article5009751.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811021547/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/art-from-the-heart/article5009751.ece |archive-date=11 August 2013 |access-date=28 October 2016 |work=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> The film shooting took off on 24 December 2011, in [[Ramoji Film City]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}} The next schedule was filmed in [[Goa]], inside the [[Birla Institute of Technology &amp; Science, Pilani – Goa Campus|BITS-Pilani, Goa]] Campus, following which the team shot few scenes in [[Rio de Janeiro]] and the forests of [[Brazil]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}} Some portions were shot in Hyderabad.{{citation needed|date=December 2025}} Arya worked out to build a huge frame and [[Rectus abdominis muscle|six-pack abs]] to fit the muscular lead role.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Arya works out to build 6-pack abs for Irandam Ulagam |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-a-miracle-that-s-happened-to-me-1869815 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028142221/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-a-miracle-that-s-happened-to-me-1869815 |archive-date=28 October 2013 |access-date=16 November 2013 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The team returned from Georgia after almost two months of continuous shoot under extreme conditions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 August 2012 |title=Selvaraghavan is back from Georgia |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/selvaraghavan-is-back-from-georgia-news-tamil-mi3lGRjacbb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830031335/http://www.sify.com/movies/selvaraghavan-is-back-from-georgia-news-tamil-mi3lGRjacbb.html |archive-date=30 August 2012 |access-date=23 November 2012 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]] dubbed in Tamil for Anushka. The unit after shooting at Ramoji Film City moved to the holy town of Srisailam situated in Nallamala Hills of Kurnool district. Scenes crucial for the story were shot in this last and final schedule.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 November 2012 |title='Irandam Ulagam' last schedule in Srisailam! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/irandam-ulagam-last-schedule-in-srisailam-news-tamil-mlxkdhjjhce.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123161844/http://www.sify.com/movies/irandam-ulagam-last-schedule-in-srisailam-news-tamil-mlxkdhjjhce.html |archive-date=23 November 2012 |access-date=23 November 2012 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The talkie portions of the project were completed by April 2013.{{Citation needed|date=October 2025}}<br /> <br /> In October 2013, all post-production work including [[computer-generated imagery]] work lasting several weeks was finally over and the content was [[Picture lock|locked]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=24 October 2013 |title=' Irandam Ulagam' confirmed for November 22 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/irandam-ulagam-confirmed-for-november-22-news-tamil-nkyw7xdgafi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028021137/http://www.sify.com/movies/irandam-ulagam-confirmed-for-november-22-news-tamil-nkyw7xdgafi.html |archive-date=28 October 2013 |access-date=26 October 2013 |work=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Music ==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Irandam Ulagam<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Harris Jayaraj]] and [[Anirudh Ravichander]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | border = yes<br /> | alt = <br /> | released = 18 September 2013<br /> | recorded = 2012–2013<br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 42:30<br /> | language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> | label = [[Sony Music India]]<br /> | producer = [[Harris Jayaraj]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Thuppakki]]<br /> | prev_year = 2012<br /> | next_title = [[Endrendrum Punnagai]]<br /> | next_year = 2013<br /> | chronology = [[Harris Jayaraj]]<br /> | misc = {{Extra chronology<br /> | artist = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | prev_title = [[Vanakkam Chennai]]<br /> | prev_year = 2013<br /> | title = Irandam Ulagam<br /> | year = 2013<br /> | next_title = [[Velaiyilla Pattathari]]<br /> | next_year = 2014<br /> }}<br /> {{Singles<br /> | name = Irandam Ulagam<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | single1 = Pazhangkalla<br /> | single1date = 2 September 2013<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> Harris Jayaraj was hired to compose the soundtrack of ''Irandam Ulagam''. All the songs in the soundtrack were written by [[Vairamuthu]]. Jayaraj said that the songs would feature breezy romantic and situation based tracks as per the film's central theme.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 May 2012 |title=Harris Jayaraj speaks on 'Maatraan' &amp; 'Irandam Ulagam' |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jayaraj-speaks-on-maatraan--irandam-ulagam/254710-71-174.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509141224/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jayaraj-speaks-on-maatraan--irandam-ulagam/254710-71-174.html |archive-date=9 May 2012 |access-date=5 May 2012 |work=[[IBNLive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The song &quot;En Kaadhal Thee&quot; sung by [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] was recorded in late October 2012.{{citation needed|date=December 2025}}<br /> <br /> A single track sung by [[Dhanush]], titled &quot;Pazhangkalla&quot; was released on 2 September 2013. The soundtrack was released at a launch event held at Sathyam Cinemas in Chennai on 18 September 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 September 2013 |title='Irandam Ulagam' audio launched in style |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/irandam-ulagam-audio-launched-in-style-news-tamil-nietQifeeei.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805154520/http://www.sify.com/movies/irandam-ulagam-audio-launched-in-style-news-tamil-nietQifeeei.html |archive-date=5 August 2013 |access-date=21 September 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The album was [[Audio mastering|mastered]] and made available for [[iTunes]] on 26 September 2013 and within one week of its release, the album topped at the iTunes India charts.{{citation needed|date=November 2025}}<br /> <br /> === ''Irandaam Ulagam'' ===<br /> {{track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = En Kaadhal Theeye<br /> | extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]<br /> | length1 = 05:03<br /> | title2 = Vinnathaandi Anbe<br /> | extra2 = [[Vijay Prakash]]<br /> | length2 = 06:53<br /> | title3 = Pazhangkalla<br /> | extra3 = [[Dhanush]]<br /> | length3 = 04:22<br /> | title4 = Kanimozhiye<br /> | extra4 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Megha (singer)|Megha]]<br /> | length4 = 05:50<br /> | title5 = Raakkozhi Raakhozhi<br /> | extra5 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Palakkad Sreeram]]<br /> | length5 = 05:29<br /> | title6 = Mannavane En Mannavane<br /> | extra6 = Gopal Rao, [[Shakthisree Gopalan]]<br /> | length6 = 05:28<br /> | title7 = Irandam Ulagam Theme<br /> | extra7 = Madras Chorale Group<br /> | length7 = 02:23<br /> | all_lyrics = [[Vairamuthu]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==== ''Irandam Ulagam'' (Additionals) ====<br /> Harris had to opt out of composing the background scores since he was overloaded with work from other projects, pushing him to suggest the team to use another music composer.{{citation needed|date=December 2025}} Selva approached Anirudh and he agreed to work on the score.{{citation needed|date=December 2025}} Later Anirudh announced &quot;I have worked on three songs as part of the background score, which we recorded in Hungary. These songs, with a duration of about 2 mins each, will appear as montages in the movie.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2013 |title=Anirudh reveals his Irandam Ulagam part |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-13/anirudh-ravichander-speaks-about-his-background-score-for-irandam-ulagam.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/JgkG9 |archive-date=2023-04-10 |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=Behindwoods.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; The songs were released as additional soundtracks on 14 October 2013. The Irandam Ulagam team was categorical in clarifying that there is no rift or friction between Harris and Selva as some media reports had suggested and that the decision was made positively on a mutual agreement.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 September 2013 |title=Selvaraghavan gets Anirudh on board |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/anirudh-will-work-on-the-bgms-for-irandam-ulagam.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/WEvhO |archive-date=2023-04-10 |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=Behindwoods.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | all_writing = <br /> | length7 = <br /> | extra2 = [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]], Anirudh Ravichander<br /> | extra1 = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = <br /> | length10 = <br /> | title10 = <br /> | length9 = <br /> | title9 = <br /> | length8 = <br /> | title8 = <br /> | title7 = <br /> | title1 = Penne Naa Enna Solla<br /> | length6 = <br /> | title6 = <br /> | length5 = <br /> | title5 = <br /> | length4 = <br /> | title4 = <br /> | length3 = 02:44<br /> | title3 = Un Kaadhal Ingu Unmaiya<br /> | length2 = 02:03<br /> | title2 = Iravinil Oruvanai<br /> | length1 = 02:14<br /> | extra3 = Anirudh Ravichander<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Marketing==<br /> A 70-feet cut-out of Anushka was erected at Shilpa Kala Vedika in Madhapur, Hyderabad on the eve of the audio launch.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Huge 70-feet cut-out kick starts buzz for Irandam Ulagam audio launch in Andhra |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/news/varna_audiobuzzoct262013.php |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131027101027/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/news/varna_audiobuzzoct262013.php |archivedate=27 October 2013 |access-date=16 November 2013 |website=[[Telugucinema.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> ''Irandam Ulagam'' was initially announced to release in [[Diwali]] 2013, but was later postponed to 22 November,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=25 October 2013 |title='Irandam Ulagam' confirmed for Nov 22 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/irandam-ulagam-confirmed-for-nov-22/articleshow/24691041.cms |access-date=2025-10-07 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; along with its dubbed version in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] titled ''Varnaa''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Varna Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/varna/movie-review/26266702.cms |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801000000/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/varna/movie-review/26266702.cms |archive-date=2017-08-01 |access-date=2022-07-22 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was given a [[U certificate (India)|U certificate]] by the [[Central Board of Film Certification|Censor Board]] with no cuts and the film runs for 2 hours 40 minutes and 9 seconds.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 November 2013 |title=Irandam Ulagam- Hype builds up! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/irandam-ulagam--hype-builds-up--news-tamil-nlklvzhiejbsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805111913/https://www.sify.com/movies/irandam-ulagam--hype-builds-up--news-tamil-nlklvzhiejbsi.html |archive-date=5 August 2021 |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=6 November 2013 |title=Irandam Ulagam gets a clean 'U' |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-06/news-interviews/43731127_1_irandam-ulagam-period-film-added-cg-work |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110151632/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-06/news-interviews/43731127_1_irandam-ulagam-period-film-added-cg-work |archive-date=10 November 2013 |access-date=17 December 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to reports the film's producers, PVP Cinema, will release the fantasy thriller in more than 1,200 screens worldwide which is biggest release ever in Arya's career. Apart from India, &quot;Irandam Ulagam&quot; will release in overseas markets including US, UK, Malaysia, Singapore, Switzerland and France The film had a grand worldwide premiere on 21 November all over the USA, where it was released in more than 100 screens.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}<br /> <br /> === Critical reception ===<br /> ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, &quot;With just a handful of movies, Selvaraghavan has announced himself a major filmmaker, and it falls on us to look at his latest venture, ''Irandaam Ulagam'', as the (worthy) next instalment in a thematically connected oeuvre as well as a (problematic) standalone film. It’s a love story without a shred of genuine passion&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=23 November 2013 |title=Irandaam Ulagam: Across the universe |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/irandaam-ulagam-across-the-universe/article5383299.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216094924/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/irandaam-ulagam-across-the-universe/article5383299.ece |archive-date=16 December 2013 |access-date=17 December 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 2 out of 5 stars and wrote, &quot;The disjointed way in which the scenes play out in this world at times makes one wonder if we are seeing the film version of a feverish dream Selvaraghavan might have had&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=Nov 22, 2013 |title=Irandam Ulagam |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/irandam-ulagam/movie-review/26222043.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126175813/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/irandam-ulagam/movie-review/26222043.cms |archive-date=26 November 2013 |access-date=17 December 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, &quot;''Irandam Ulagam'' is not everybody’s cup of tea, but the film is made with a lot of passion and sincerity. However, like all his previous films, this one too is ahead of its time&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Irandam Ulagam |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/irandam-ulagam-review-tamil-15043816.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131123130318/http://www.sify.com/movies/irandam-ulagam-review-tamil-15043816.html |archive-date=23 November 2013 |access-date=17 December 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Rediff]]'' gave 3 out of 5 and wrote, &quot;''Irandam Ulagam'' is a visually stunning fantasy story set in an imaginary world that describes a love that transcends the human understanding of time and space. (It) is an ambitious project by a director who always strives to give a different and unique experience to his audience&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 November 2013 |title=Review: Irandam Ulagam is a mystical love story |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-irandam-ulagam-is-a-mystical-love-story/20131122.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215194315/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-irandam-ulagam-is-a-mystical-love-story/20131122.htm |archive-date=15 December 2013 |access-date=17 December 2013 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] gave 2 out of 5 stars and wrote, &quot;Selva complicates a simple love story in his attempt to merge romance and fantasy genres, only to give the audience an unbearable experience. The film is ruined by an abstract and complicated screenplay&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 November 2013 |title='Irandam Ulagam' review: A complicated screenplay ruins the film |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/irandam-ulagam-review-a-complicated-screenplay-ruins-the-film/435742-71-178.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126061109/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/irandam-ulagam-review-a-complicated-screenplay-ruins-the-film/435742-71-178.html |archive-date=26 November 2013 |access-date=17 December 2013 |website=[[IBNLive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote, &quot;Selva needs to be commended for having chosen such a challenging theme, though he should have taken a little more care to distinguish between the behavioral traits and life styles of the inhabitants of the two worlds&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 November 2013 |title=Movie review: Irandam Ulagam |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Movie-review-Irandam-Ulagam/articleshow/26223917.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227085713/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/entertainment/reviews/Movie-review-Irandam-Ulagam/articleshow/26223917.cms |archive-date=27 December 2013 |access-date=17 December 2013 |website=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' gave 2 out of 5 and wrote, &quot;''Irandam Ulagam'', twin worlds, both of which disappoint given that the narrative makes the audience totally disoriented and disinterested in its dour, dull drama that unfolds in spectacular fashion&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=S Viswanath |date=23 November 2013 |title=A fantasy fable that fails to fly |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/370476/a-fantasy-fable-fails-fly.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040444/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/370476/a-fantasy-fable-fails-fly.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=28 October 2016 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, &quot;Brilliantly conceived, the film, however, falls short on execution&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=25 November 2013 |title=Tales of two worlds conceived brilliantly, executed poorly |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Tales-of-two-worlds-conceived-brilliantly-executed-poorly/2013/11/25/article1907907.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203080233/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Tales-of-two-worlds-conceived-brilliantly-executed-poorly/2013/11/25/article1907907.ece |archive-date=3 December 2013 |access-date=17 December 2013 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Planetary romance]]<br /> *[[Science fiction films in India]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> * {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br /> <br /> {{Selvaraghavan}}<br /> {{The Show People}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2010s musical fantasy films]]<br /> [[Category:2010s romantic fantasy films]]<br /> [[Category:2010s romantic musical films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 musical films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about parallel universes]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Selvaraghavan]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Harris Jayaraj]]<br /> [[Category:Films set on fictional planets]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Georgia (country)]]<br /> [[Category:Films with screenplays by Selvaraghavan]]<br /> [[Category:Indian musical fantasy films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic fantasy films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic musical films]]<br /> [[Category:Planetary romances]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language romantic musical films]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crackers_(2011_film)&diff=456286 2026-03-02T06:17:23Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: further expand article for accuracy</p> <hr /> <div>{{more citations needed|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Crackers <br /> | image = crackers3.jpg<br /> | alt = &lt;!-- see WP:ALT --&gt;<br /> | caption = First Look<br /> | director = Anil Goyal<br /> | producer = Anil Goyal<br /> | writer = Priyank Dubey<br /> | starring = <br /> | music = Dilip Sen<br /> | cinematography = <br /> | editing = <br /> | studio = FilmyBox<br /> | distributor = [[RTM Technologies Pvt Ltd.]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|5|20}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> '''''Crackers''''' is a 2011 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[stereoscopic 3D]] [[Animation film|animation]] film directed by Anil Goyal, and written by Priyank Dubey. It is produced under the 'RTM Technologies Pvt Ltd' banner. The film was released [[direct-to-video]] on 20 May 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/katrina-kaif-gets-animated-for-film/story-ornHPbSuV4KCYfhbA05XyM.html|title=Katrina Kaif gets animated for film|date=6 April 2011|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=14 June 2020|archive-date=14 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614001524/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/katrina-kaif-gets-animated-for-film/story-ornHPbSuV4KCYfhbA05XyM.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> The Story of ''Crackers'' is about today's youth and how they can fight evil in life. The director has tried to create a role model for the zealous youngsters of today who can and should stand up to evil.<br /> <br /> The first half of the movie is full of fun, comedy, and romance on a college campus, where a youth festival is in full swing. The second half deals with a [[2008 Mumbai attacks|terror attack on the campus]] and how the youth channelizes their energy to counter and foil the attack. The movie revolves around four characters: Roxy (Anil Goyal), Gopu (Nikhil Dwivedi), and Kate (Smilie Suri), along with some comic characters from the film industry (Siraj Khan) to create the fun in the movie.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110423192343/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/cast/14442/index.html Crackers] at [[Bollywood Hungama]]<br /> <br /> {{India Animation Industry}}<br /> {{2008 Mumbai attacks}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2011 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2011 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2011 3D films]]<br /> [[Category:3D animated films]]<br /> [[Category:2011 films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian direct-to-video films]]<br /> [[Category:2011 direct-to-video films]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on the 2008 Mumbai attacks]]<br /> <br /> {{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prashanti_Nilayam_Express&diff=526466 2026-02-25T01:57:26Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: made initial pg from scratch - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Train in India}}<br /> {{refimprove|date=March 2024}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox rail service<br /> | name = Prashanti Nilayam Express<br /> | logo = Ministry of Railways India.svg<br /> | caption = <br /> | type = [[Express trains in India|Express train]]<br /> | first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2001|09|05}}<br /> | last = <br /> | operator = [[South Central Railway zone|South Central Railway]]<br /> | ridership = <br /> | start = {{stnlnk|Kacheguda}} (KCG)<br /> | stops = 14<br /> | end = {{stnlnk|Yelahanka Junction||Yelahanka}} (YNK)<br /> | distance = {{convert|652|km|0|abbr=on}}<br /> | journeytime = 12 hours 30 minutes (average)<br /> | frequency = Daily<br /> | class = AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, AC 3 Tier Economy, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved<br /> | seating = Yes<br /> | sleeping = Yes<br /> | autorack = <br /> | catering = On-board catering, &lt;br/&gt; E-catering<br /> | observation = Large windows<br /> | entertainment = <br /> | baggage = No<br /> | otherfacilities = Below the seats<br /> | stock = [[LHB coach]]<br /> | gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}}<br /> | el = <br /> | trainnumber = 17603 / 17604<br /> | speed = {{convert|52|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.<br /> | map_state = <br /> }}<br /> The 17603 / 17604 '''Prashanti Nilayam Express''' is an express train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Kacheguda}} station in [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], and {{stnlnk|Yelahanka Junction}} in [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], in India. It is named after the [[Prasanthi Nilayam]] ashram in [[Puttaparthi]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], because it serves the nearby [[Sathya Sai Prasanthi Nilayam railway station]].<br /> <br /> It operates as train number 17603 from Kacheguda to Yelahanka Junction and as train number 17604 in the reverse direction, serving the states of [[Telangana]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]].<br /> <br /> Previously, it ran to {{stnlnk|Yesvantpur Junction}} but, during COVID-19, it terminated at {{stnlnk|Yelahanka Junction}} and continuing the same destination.{{explain|date=March 2024}}<br /> <br /> ==Coaches==<br /> The train has one first class air-conditioned coach, two air-conditioned 2 tier, two air-conditioned 3 tier, two air-conditioned 3 tier economy, ten sleeper class and two general unreserved coaches. It frequently carries a couple of high capacity parcel van coaches.<br /> <br /> As with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot;| Loco<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot;| 1<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot;| 2<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot;| 3<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot;| 4<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot;| 5<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot;| 6<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot;| 7<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot;| 8<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot;| 9<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot;| 10<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot;| 11<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot;| 12<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot;| 13<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot;| 14<br /> !15<br /> !16<br /> !17<br /> !18<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot; | 19<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot; | 20<br /> !21<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot; | 22<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot; | 23<br /> !24<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:lightskyblue;&quot; | 25<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|25px]] ||EOG||GEN||S1||S2||S3||S4||S5||S6||S7||S8||S9||S10||B1||B2<br /> |B3<br /> |B4<br /> |M1<br /> |M2||A1||A2<br /> |A3||H1||GEN<br /> |GEN||SLR<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Service==<br /> The 17603 express covers the distance of {{convert|652|km}} in 12 hours 30 mins ({{convert|5|km/h}}) and 12 hours 40 mins as the 17604 Yelahanka Junction–Kacheguda Prashanti Nilayam Express ({{convert|53|km/h}}).<br /> <br /> As its average speed in both directions is below {{convert|55|km/h}}, by Indian Railways rules it does not have an [[Express trains in India|express]] surcharge.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&amp;dcd=7708&amp;id=0,5,268], South Central Railway, 8 September 2016 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802125951/http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&amp;dcd=7708&amp;id=0,5,268|date=2 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Routeing==<br /> The train runs from Kacheguda via <br /> Jadcherla, Mahbubnagar, {{stnlnk|Kurnool City}}, {{stnlnk|Dhone Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Guntakal Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Gooty Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Dharmavaram Junction}}, <br /> {{stnlnk|Sathya Sai Prasanthi Nilayam}}, {{stnlnk|Hindupur}} to Yelahanka Junction.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release |url=http://www.swr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&amp;id=0,4,268&amp;dcd=1730&amp;did=1495437564945FB6618E83F50901AA1149B0B2FC60E5B.web107 |title=TEMPORARY STOPPAGE OF TRAIN AT PENUKONDA |publisher=South Western Railway |date=22 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traction==<br /> earlier this train with diesel locomotive [[WDP-4]]. now The train is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Lallaguda|Lallaguda Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-7]] and [[WAP-4]] electric locomotive on its entire journey.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/prashanti-nilayam-express-17603/22283/844/997 17603 Prashanti Nilayam Express] at India Rail Info<br /> * [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/prashanti-nilayam-express-17604/892/997/844 17604 Prashanti Nilayam Express] at India Rail Info<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Prashanti Nilayam Express}}<br /> [[Category:Transport in Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:Transport in Bengaluru]]<br /> [[Category:Railway services introduced in 2001]]<br /> [[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Telangana]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Express trains in India]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahadur_Hussain_Khan&diff=489082 2026-02-21T22:55:43Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: made some stub basic info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|19th-century Indian musician}}<br /> {{distinguish|Bahadur Khan (musician)}}<br /> {{notability|Biographies|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox musical artist<br /> | honorific_prefix = Ustad<br /> | name = Bahadur Hussain Khan<br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = <br /> | origin = Awadh, India<br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, India<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Musician|Music educator}}<br /> | instrument = {{hlist|Been|Veena}}<br /> | years_active = <br /> | genre = {{hlist|Hindustani classical music|Dhrupad}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bahadur Hussain Khan''' was the direct descendant of Miyan [[Tansen]] and his son-in-law [[Naubat Khan]]. He was the favourite musician of Nawab [[Wajid Ali Shah]]. The Nawab conferred on him the title of Zia Ud Daulah.&lt;ref&gt;Musaddas Tahniyat e Jashn e Benazeer edited by Mohammad Ali Khan Asar,Rampur Raza Library,Rampur&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Life ==<br /> Bahadur Hussain Khan was invited to Rampur by Nawab [[Yusef Ali Khan]] as Awadh was annexed by Britishers. He came to Rampur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4nPHTCS8vfUC&amp;dq=bahadur+husain+khan+tansen&amp;pg=PA119 | title=Sitar and Sarod in the 18th and 19th Centuries | isbn=978-81-208-1493-6 | last1=Miner | first1=Allyn | last2=Richmond | first2=Farley P. | date=April 2004 | publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. }}&lt;/ref&gt; on 26 April 1857. Nawab [[Yusef Ali Khan]] gave him a mansion, a mango orchard, and a palanquin to honor him. He was given a salary of Rs 300 by his employer that was increased to Rs 350 during the period of Nawab [[Kalb Ali Khan|Kalbey Ali Khan]].<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Bahadur Hussain Khan along with his nephew and son-in-law [[Ameer Khan Khandara|Ameer Khan Beenkar]] established the Rampur Musical Court.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4nPHTCS8vfUC&amp;dq=bahadur+husain+khan+of+rampur&amp;pg=PA138 | title=Sitar and Sarod in the 18th and 19th Centuries | isbn=978-81-208-1493-6 | last1=Miner | first1=Allyn | last2=Richmond | first2=Farley P. | date=April 2004 | publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. }}&lt;/ref&gt; Both of them performed at the Rampur fair at Benazeer palace in Rampur during the reign of Nawab Kalbey Ali Khan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JP5Wzqq7I80C&amp;dq=bahadur+hussain+khan+rampur&amp;pg=PA31 | title=Sitar Music in Calcutta: An Ethnomusicological Study | isbn=978-81-208-1210-9 | last1=Hamilton | first1=James Sadler | date=1994 | publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers }}&lt;/ref&gt; Famous poet of Awadh court Meer Yaar Ali Jaan sahab who joined Rampur court after 1857 gave a detailed sketch of these two musicians in his Musaddas.Jalal Lakhnavi who was one of the most prominent poet of the Awadh court and after 1857 joined the Rampur court waxed eloquent about Bahadur Hussain Khan and Ameer Khan Beenkar in his poetry.These details were published by Rampur Raza Library.<br /> <br /> ==Disciples==<br /> Bahadur Hussain Khan taught music to Nawab Yusef Ali Khan and Nawab Kalbey Ali Khan.&lt;ref name=UMWK&gt;Ustad Muhammad Wazir Khan and his prominent disciples a Phd thesis by Rati Rastogi,Rohilkhand University{{full citation needed|date=March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A portrait of Bahadur Hussain Khan was published in ''Musaddas Tahniyaat e Jashn e Benazeer,'' written by Meer Yaar Ali Jaan Sahab.<br /> <br /> ==Death==<br /> Bahadur Hussain Khan died childless in Rampur. His obituary was published in ''Akhbaar Dabdaba e Sikandri''. His maternal niece married his paternal nephew [[Ameer Khan Khandara|Ameer Khan Beenkar]]. The mango orchard of Bahadur Hussain Khan was later given to his grandson Ustad [[Wazir Khan (Rampur)|Wazir Khan]] by Nawab [[Hamid Ali Khan of Rampur]].&lt;ref name=&quot;UMWK&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> [[Category:19th-century musicians]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male musicians]]<br /> [[Category:Indian classical music]]<br /> [[Category:Indian music educators]]<br /> [[Category:Indian musicians]]<br /> [[Category:Indian classical musicians]]<br /> [[Category:People from Rampur, Uttar Pradesh]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_School&diff=448296 2026-02-21T10:13:55Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: Minor updates and cleanup applied</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Private/CISCE school in Tamil Nadu, India}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox school<br /> | name = TVS Lakshmi School<br /> | image =<br /> | image_size = <br /> | caption = <br /> | motto = By knowledge one finds immortality<br /> | established = 2000<br /> | schooltype = [[Private school|Private]], [[CISCE]]<br /> | grades = Nursery-12th Grade<br /> | principal = Ms.Subhashini<br /> | coordinates = <br /> | city = [[Madurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | information = 0452-2429143, 0452-3206827<br /> | campus_type = [[Rural]]<br /> | campus_size = 42 Acres<br /> | enrollment = 1960+<br /> | faculty = 130+<br /> | ratio = <br /> | mascot = <br /> | mascot image = <br /> | colors = <br /> | website = http://www.lakshmischool.org <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Lakshmi School''' was founded in June 2000 with an initial intake of 159 students. {{As of|2012}}, the student numbers are in excess of 2100. It is situated Sivagangai Road in the [[Madurai]] district of [[Tamil Nadu]], India.<br /> <br /> ==Introduction==<br /> The School follows the [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]] Syllabus till standard X and follows [[Indian School Certificate|ISC]] Syllabus for standard XII.<br /> <br /> Lakshmi Vidya Sangham<br /> <br /> It is governed by a council called the Lakshmi Vidya Sangham constituted by the family of the founder of the [[TVS Group]], [[T. V. Sundaram Iyengar]]. Lakshmi School was a &quot;dream child of LVS&quot;.<br /> There is a school parents' association, formed in 2011.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.lakshmischoolparents.com/ |title=Lakshmi School Parents Association&amp;lt;!-- Bot generated title --&amp;gt; |access-date=22 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328143827/http://lakshmischoolparents.com/ |archive-date=28 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> ==Affiliation==<br /> <br /> The school is affiliated to the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), New Delhi. The School is a recognized Examination Centre for ICSE and ISC examinations.{{citation needed|date=July 2025}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of colleges and institutes in Madurai district]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{Official website|http://www.lakshmischool.org}}<br /> <br /> {{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}<br /> <br /> &amp;lt;!--- Categories ---&amp;gt;<br /> [[Category:Primary schools in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Schools in Madurai]]<br /> [[Category:Educational institutions established in 2000]]<br /> [[Category:2000 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jami_Mosque,_Khambhat&diff=505520 2026-02-15T00:28:54Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: creating a data</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Mosque in Khambat, Gujarat, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{for|similarly named mosques|List of grand mosques}}<br /> {{Infobox religious building<br /> |name = Jami Mosque<br /> |image = Jami Masjid Complex, Khambhat.JPG<br /> |image_upright = 1.4<br /> |caption = The mosque from the central courtyard, in 2011<br /> |location = [[Khambhat]], [[Gujarat]]<br /> | map_type = India Gujarat<br /> | map_size = 250<br /> | map_relief = 1<br /> | map_caption = Location of the mosque in [[Gujarat]]<br /> |geo = {{coord|22.310281|72.618017|type:landmark_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br /> |religious_affiliation = [[Islam]]<br /> |status = [[Mosque]]<br /> |functional_status = Active&lt;!-- Is it still used as a place of worship? Or is it a &quot;preserved museum/mosque?&quot; --&gt;<br /> |website=<br /> |architect = Umar bin Ahmad al-Kazaruni <br /> |architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}<br /> |architecture_style = [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]]<br /> |groundbreaking = <br /> | year_completed = 4 January 1325&lt;ref name=&quot;i866&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=A History Of Gujarat Vol I | first=Khan | last=Bahadur | website=Internet Archive | date=1938 | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.81300/page/74/ | access-date=17 January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |construction_cost=<br /> |capacity=<br /> |dome_quantity = Many<br /> |dome_height_outer=<br /> |dome_dia_outer=<br /> |minaret_quantity = <br /> |minaret_height= <br /> |materials = Stone, bricks, mortar<br /> | module = {{Infobox historic site<br /> | embed = yes <br /> | designation1 = MANI | designation1_offname = Jami Mosque, Khambhat | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_date = | delisted1_date = | designation1_partof = | designation1_number = N-GJ-70 | designation1_free1name = | designation1_free1value = | designation1_free2name = | designation1_free2value = | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value = }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Jami Mosque''' is a [[congregational mosque|Friday mosque]] in [[Khambat]], in the state of [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. Built in 1325, it is one of the oldest Islamic monuments in Gujarat.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Series-3 Indian History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bw3kBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA78|publisher=Pratiyogita Darpan|pages=78–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;(India)1977&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Gujarat (India)|title=Gazetteers: Kheda District|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v1FuAAAAMAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications}}&lt;/ref&gt; The mosque's interior is an open courtyard built with 100 columns.&lt;ref name=Britt/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BloomBlair2009&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The mosque is a [[Monuments of National Importance (India)|Monument of National Importance]].<br /> <br /> ==Location==<br /> The mosque is located in Khambat or Cambay, which was a prosperous mercantile port town during the 7th to the 18th century. It is at the estuary of the [[Mahi River]], and is {{Convert|100|km}} from [[Ahmedabad]] and {{convert|78|km}} from [[Vadodara]].&lt;ref name=Britt&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/p/019pho001000s17u01839000.html |title=Pavilion in the court of the Jami Masjid, Khambhat (Cambay) |access-date=12 April 2016 |work=Online gallery |publisher=[[British Library]] |archive-date=25 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125164010/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/p/019pho001000s17u01839000.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BloomBlair2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1=Bloom, Jonathan M. |author2=Blair, Sheila S. |title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&amp;pg=RA1-PA381 |year=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530991-1 |page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> [[Alauddin Khalji]] (1296–1315) conquered Gujarat and captured Khambat in 1324.&lt;ref name=Britt/&gt; During his conquest in Gujarat, he built a magnificent mosque. According to an inscription on the mosque, it was built in 1325. Umar bin Ahmad al-Kazaruni, a businessman of the town, is credited with building the mosque. This structure is a congregational mosque which marks the start of Islamic architecture in Gujarat and is distinct in style.&lt;ref name=&quot;BloomBlair2009&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Desai2007&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Architecture==<br /> The mosque's architecture marks the evolution of the [[Indo-Islamic architecture]].&lt;ref name=&quot;(India)1977&quot;/&gt; Its architectural features do not display any [[minarets]] but ''[[torana]]s'' are seen in the central arches of the mosque which represent architecture of the [[Gujarat Sultanate]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Desai2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Anjali H. Desai|title=India Guide Gujarat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&amp;pg=PA203|year=2007|publisher=India Guide Publications|isbn=978-0-9789517-0-2|pages=203–}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The interior part of the mosque has a colonnaded open courtyard which is built with 100 columns supporting roofs built from the ruins of Hindu and Jain temples.&lt;ref name=Library/&gt; The prayer hall has many compartments topped by low domes, which are unique and are different from those which crown the [[mihrab]]'s niches. The domes are provided with latticed windows made in the architectural style of Gujarat.&lt;ref name=Britt/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BloomBlair2009&quot;/&gt; The columns are set in two rows with each row consisting of 26 columns forming a passage that separates the wall in the front from the first row. In addition, there are eight rows formed by six pillars in each row, which are next to the facade; these result in the formation of 14 chambers and each chamber is topped by a dome.&lt;ref name=Library&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/v/019pho001000s17u01838000.html |title=View from the south end of pillars in the interior of the Jami Masjid, Khambhat (Cambay)|access-date=12 April 2016 |work=Online gallery |publisher=[[British Library]] |archive-date=22 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422184149/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/v/019pho001000s17u01838000.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; There are arcaded entrances to the aisle of the mosque which are provided with a flat roof. In the middle portion of the mosque which hides the domes of the roof, there are [[jambs]] which rise to a height of about {{Convert|40|ft}} and these are topped by sharp [[finials]].&lt;ref name=Britt/&gt;<br /> <br /> In the southern part of the mosque there is a colonnaded hall in a square shape but with a circular inner court where the tomb of Umar bin Ahmad al-Kazaruni, who died in 1333, is located. It is built of marble. In addition, there are many smaller tombs of the 14th and 15th centuries. There are also remnants of a fort built by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Emperor Akbar]] in the 16th century.&lt;ref name=&quot;BloomBlair2009&quot;/&gt; There are many engravings on various parts of this tomb structure such as the first twelve and a half verses of the [[Surah]] XXXVI, Surah II, v. 256 – the [[Al-Baqara 255 (Throne Verse)|Throne-verse]],&quot; the conclusion of verse 151 of Surah II, Surah XXXVI, v. 52, Surah III,vv. 16 and 17 and Surah vv. 163–165. On the western part of the tomb is the [[Epitaph]] which has an inscription of Surah XXXVI, vv. 65–71.&lt;ref name=Lib&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/o/019pho001000s17u01840000.html |title=Omar bin Ahmad Al Kazaruni's Tomb in the Jami Masjid, Khambhat (Cambay) |access-date=12 April 2016 |work=Online gallery |publisher=[[British Library]] |archive-date=10 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510161142/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/o/019pho001000s17u01840000.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Gallery ==<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> Jami Mosque, Khambhat, Gujarat, India.jpg|Entrance corridor area of the mosque from the eastern wall<br /> Jami Masjid Khambhat Plan.jpg|Building plan<br /> Omar bin Ahmad Al Kazaruni's Tomb in the Jami Masjid, Khambhat (Cambay).jpg|The tomb of Omar bin Ahmad Al Kazaruni in the mosque<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> {{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}<br /> * [[Islam in India]]<br /> * [[List of mosques in India]]<br /> * [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Gujarat]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{commons category-inline}}<br /> <br /> {{Mosques in India}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Khambhat, Jami Masjid}}<br /> [[Category:14th-century mosques in India]]<br /> [[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1325]]<br /> [[Category:Grand mosques]]<br /> [[Category:Indo-Islamic mosques]]<br /> [[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Mosque buildings with domes in India]]<br /> [[Category:Mosques completed in the 1320s]]<br /> [[Category:Mosques in Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Mosques converted from Jain temples]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boys%27_High_School_%26_College_(Allahabad,_Uttar_Pradesh)&diff=452160 2026-02-10T04:02:13Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: General cleanup and content improvements</p> <hr /> <div>{{Multiple issues|<br /> {{More citations needed|date=April 2020}}<br /> {{More footnotes needed|date=April 2020}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox school<br /> | name = Boys' High School &amp; College<br /> | image = Boys' High School &amp; College (Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) logo.png<br /> | image_size = 200px<br /> | principal = D A Luke<br /> | motto = {{langx|la|Mentem Hominis Spectato Non Frontem}}<br /> | motto_translation = Do not judge a man by his face but by his deeds<br /> | established = {{start date|1861}}<br /> | type = Private<br /> | address = 4, Purushottam Das Tandon Road<br /> | region = [[Civil Lines, Prayagraj|Civil Lines]], [[Prayagraj]]<br /> | state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | province = 1861<br /> | country = India<br /> | campus_type = Suburban<br /> | campus_size = {{convert|13|acre}}<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|25.4616034|81.8408355|display=title,inline}}<br /> | affiliation = [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]]<br /> | language = English<br /> | gender = [[Double-sex education|Boys school]]<br /> | enrollment = 7000<br /> | faculty = 200<br /> | houses = 4<br /> | nickname = BHS<br /> | alumni = bhsian<br /> | colors = Green, Yellow, Blue, Red and Pink {{color box|green}}&amp;nbsp;{{color box|yellow}}&amp;nbsp;{{color box|blue}}&amp;nbsp;{{color box|red}}<br /> | website = {{URL|www.boyshighschool.com}}<br /> }}<br /> '''Boys' High School &amp; College''' ('''BHS''') is an independent school in [[Prayagraj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. Being founded in 1861, the school is one of the oldest in the city. It provided a Christian education to the children of Europeans and Anglo-Indians, but has always accepted children from all backgrounds. It remained a boys-only school for a long span of time but now accepts admission of girls in senior and college sections (from 2025).<br /> <br /> It has existed on its present site in central Prayagraj since 1861. Since 2006 it has been managed by the Allahabad High School Society. It is currently affiliated to the [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cisce.org/LocateSchool.jsp Schools affiliated to CISCE as on 31 July 2010] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110417190534/http://www.cisce.org/LocateSchool.jsp |date=17 April 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 5 November 2013. The governor of Uttar Pradesh [[Banwari Lal Joshi|B.L. Joshi]] released a commemorative postage stamp to mark 150th anniversary of Boys' High School.<br /> Alfresco<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> [[File:Boys' High School Allahabad 2013 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|The 2013 stamp dedicated to Boys' High School]]<br /> The school was established in 1861 and a stamp of it was issued by the Indian government in 2013.<br /> <br /> == Holy Trinity School ==<br /> In 1988, the '''Holy Trinity School (HTS)''' located in [[Allengunj]], Prayagraj was established as an annex of the Boys' High School &amp; College by A. T. Flynn (principal of BHS from 1967-1988) to meet the growing demand for quality education.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.allschoolscolleges.com/public/holy-trinity-school---hts | title=Holy Trinity School – HTS, Allahabad &amp;#124; Public School &amp;#124; Co-Educational &amp;#124; Admission Procedure }}&lt;/ref&gt; The school consists of classes from Playway to eighth standard. HTS's current headmistress is Reena Mandal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://boyshighschool.com/investiture-ceremony-2019/ | title=Boys High School and College }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Notable alumni==<br /> {{alumni|date=February 2021}}<br /> * [[Amitabh Bachchan]], film actor, film producer, television host, occasional playback singer and former politician.&lt;ref name=&quot;Desk 2015&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Desk | first=Dainik Bhaskar | title=इसी स्कूल में पढ़ते थे BIG B, बचपन में सीनियर के साथ खेलते थे कंचे | website=Dainik Bhaskar | date=2015-10-10 | url=https://www.bhaskar.com/uttar-pradesh/allahabad/news/UP-ALAH-amitabh-bachchan-studied-in-this-school-in-allahabad-5137785-PHO.html | language=hi | access-date=2018-10-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Brahma Nath Katju]], former Chief Justice of the [[Allahabad High Court]].<br /> * [[Vikas Swarup]], diplomat and writer. ([[Academy Awards|Oscar]] winning ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]''',''''' a 2008 British [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] is a loose adaptation of the novel ''[[Q &amp; A (novel)|Q &amp; A]]'' (2005) by [[Vikas Swarup]])<br /> *[[Yogendra Narain]], former Secretary-General of [[Rajya Sabha]].<br /> *[[Nikhil Chopra]], cricketer.<br /> *[[Deepraj Rana]], Indian and Nepali film and television actor.<br /> *[[Raghuraj Pratap Singh]], politician.<br /> *[[Rewati Raman Singh|Kunwar Rewati Raman Singh]], politician.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.boyshighschool.com/ Official website]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Boys' High School and College (Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)}}<br /> [[Category:Boys' schools in India]]<br /> [[Category:Primary schools in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Schools in Prayagraj]]<br /> [[Category:Educational institutions established in 1861]]<br /> [[Category:1861 establishments in British India]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chhattisgarh_Food_Security_Act,_2012&diff=493984 2026-02-04T12:14:51Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: Redirect page</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[National Food Security Act, 2013#Chhattisgarh Food Security Act]] {{R from merge}} {{R to section}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Chhattisgarh state legislation]]<br /> [[Category:2012 in Indian law]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chutney_Sambar&diff=494590 2026-01-26T06:44:11Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: adding the page from scratch</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Chutney Sambar Series.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | genre = [[Comedy drama]]<br /> | writer = [[Radha Mohan]] &lt;br&gt; '''Dialogues''' &lt;br&gt; Pon Parthiban<br /> | director = [[Radha Mohan]]<br /> | starring = {{ubl|<br /> * [[Yogi Babu]]<br /> * [[Vani Bhojan]]<br /> * [[Chandran]] <br /> * [[Elango Kumaravel]]<br /> * [[Myna Nandhini]]<br /> * [[Nithin Sathya]]<br /> }}<br /> | composer = [[Ajesh]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | num_seasons = 1<br /> | num_episodes = 6<br /> | list_episodes =<br /> | producer = [[Ishari K. Ganesh]] <br /> | location = [[Chennai]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ooty]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Prasanna Kumar]]<br /> | editor = Jijendran<br /> | runtime = 233 minutes<br /> | company = Vels Film International<br /> | network = [[Disney+ Hotstar]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2024|7|26}}<br /> | last_aired = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Chutney Sambar''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[comedy drama]] television series directed by [[Radha Mohan]] for [[Disney+ Hotstar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/radha-mohans-chutney-sambar-stars-yogi-babu-and-vani-bhojan-makers-announce-direct-release-on-hotstar/d1e903ddcf654|title=Radha Mohan's Chutney Sambar stars Yogi Babu and Vani Bhojan, makers announce direct release on Hotstar|date=15 July 2023|publisher=www.ottplay.com|language=en|archive-date=6 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406134810/https://www.ottplay.com/news/radha-mohans-chutney-sambar-stars-yogi-babu-and-vani-bhojan-makers-announce-direct-release-on-hotstar/d1e903ddcf654|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Produced by [[Ishari K. Ganesh]] under the banner of [[Ishari K. Ganesh|Vels Film International]], the series stars [[Yogi Babu]], [[Vani Bhojan]] and [[Chandran]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dinamani.com/latest-news/sub-latest-news/2024/Jul/03/chutney-sambar-web-series-teaser|title=யோகி பாபு மற்றும் வாணி போஜன் நடிக்கும் புதிய தொடர்|website=[[Dinamani]]|date=3 July 2024|access-date=14 July 2024|archive-date=14 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714202032/https://www.dinamani.com/latest-news/sub-latest-news/2024/Jul/03/chutney-sambar-web-series-teaser|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; in the lead role along with [[Nithin Sathya]], [[Elango Kumaravel]], Krish Hassan and [[Myna Nandhini]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/yogi-babu-and-vani-bhojan-starrer-chutney-sambar-set-for-its-ott-premiere/articleshow/111433940.cms|title=Yogi Babu and Vani Bhojan starrer 'Chutney Sambar' set for its OTT premiere|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 July 2024|access-date=14 July 2024|archive-date=14 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714202028/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/yogi-babu-and-vani-bhojan-starrer-chutney-sambar-set-for-its-ott-premiere/articleshow/111433940.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; It premiered on [[Disney+ Hotstar]] from 26 July 2024 and consisted of six episodes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/chutney-sambhar-ott-release-date-yogi-babus-series-is-set-to-stream-on-disney-hotstar-very-soon/f9a77f4004310|title=Chutney Sambar OTT release date: When and where to watch the Yogi Babu-starrer series|website=www.ottplay.com|date=13 July 2024|access-date=14 July 2024|archive-date=14 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714202028/https://www.ottplay.com/news/chutney-sambhar-ott-release-date-yogi-babus-series-is-set-to-stream-on-disney-hotstar-very-soon/f9a77f4004310|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/new-on-disney-hotstar-in-july-showtime-red-swan-chutney-sambar-and-more/article68347625.ece|title=New on Disney+ Hotstar in July: 'Showtime', 'Red Swan', 'Chutney Sambar' and more|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=29 June 2024|access-date=14 July 2024|archive-date=2 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702064943/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/new-on-disney-hotstar-in-july-showtime-red-swan-chutney-sambar-and-more/article68347625.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> * [[Yogi Babu]] as Sachin Babu &quot;Sachu&quot; / Vignesh Babu <br /> * [[Vani Bhojan]] as Sophie<br /> * [[Chandran]] as Karthik<br /> * [[Nithin Sathya]] as Ilango<br /> * [[Elango Kumaravel]] as Peter<br /> * [[Myna Nandhini]] as Amutha<br /> * Krish Hassan as Thambi<br /> * [[Nizhalgal Ravi]] as Rathnasamy<br /> * [[Deepa Shankar]] as Amutha<br /> * [[Meera Krishnan]] as Jayalakshmi<br /> * Samyuktha Viswanathan as Jensi<br /> * Aaryan as Appu<br /> * [[Charle]] as Suba<br /> * Mohan Ram as Irudhayadas<br /> * Angelin<br /> * Priyadarshini Rajkumar as Gowri<br /> * Rakesh Menon as Doctor<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Episodes ==<br /> {{Series overview<br /> | seriesT = Season <br /> | color1 = #8FD8D8<br /> | link1 = #Season 1<br /> | episodes1 = 6<br /> | released1 = {{Start date|df=y|2024|7|26}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode table<br /> | background = #8FD8D8<br /> | overall = 6<br /> | overallT = Episode<br /> | title = 6<br /> | director = 6<br /> | writer = 6<br /> | airdate = 6<br /> | episodes = <br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 1<br /> | Title = A Spicy Revelation <br /> | DirectedBy = [[Radha Mohan]]<br /> | WrittenBy = [[Radha Mohan]]<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|7|26}}<br /> | ShortSummary = Amudha Cafe a well known restaurant of Ooty is known for its sambhar recipe. Its owner is Rathnasamy who keeps the recipe a secret. Rathanasamy has one son Karthi and one daughter Amudha (who seems to be the inspiration for the cafe ). Amudha’s husband Illango and his cafe cook Peter are his sons friends. Rathnasamy and his wife Jaya also have a grandson called Appu. Rathnasamy is diagnosed with cancer and in three months even after chemotherapy his cancer moves to stage four. Jaya unable to see her husband suffer through treatments requests her family to let him pass his remaining days peacefully and fulfill any wishes he has. Rathnasamy confesses to Karthi that before his marriage he was in a live in relationship with a woman, When he used to work in Chennai. He had wanted to marry her but couldn’t and recently he got to know that he had fathered a child with her. Rathnasamy requests a shocked to bring this child to him and make them a part of his last rites. He also makes Karthi promise him that Karthi will integrate the kid into his family. Karthi agrees and asks about her name which Rathnasamy reveals to be &quot;Amudha&quot;.<br /> <br /> Karthi confides in his friends and asks them to keep this a secret and accompany him to track this long lost sibling. The trio after searching for a long time find Amudha’s son Sachin aka sachu a street vendor. Sachu runs a small idly dosa stall having a fan bade of his chutney including a local MLA. Karthi first approaches as a customer, then tracks his home and confronts him about his dad. Sachu drives them away by threatening them. Persistent the trio shows up again next morning to face similar threats from Sachu. Finally as last resort the trio lure him after work with promise of good liquor and drug and abduct him back to Ooty.<br /> | LineColor = #8FD8D8<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 2<br /> | Title = Frying Times Ahead<br /> | DirectedBy = Radha Mohan<br /> | WrittenBy = Radha Mohan<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|7|26}}<br /> | ShortSummary =<br /> | LineColor = #8FD8D8<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 3<br /> | Title = Going Through the Grind<br /> | DirectedBy = Radha Mohan<br /> | WrittenBy = Radha Mohan<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|7|26}}<br /> | ShortSummary = <br /> | LineColor = #8FD8D8<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 4<br /> | Title = It's Boiling Hot<br /> | DirectedBy = Radha Mohan<br /> | WrittenBy = Radha Mohan<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|7|26}}<br /> | ShortSummary = <br /> | LineColor = #8FD8D8<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 5<br /> | Title = In Search of the Secret Ingredient<br /> | DirectedBy = Radha Mohan<br /> | WrittenBy = Radha Mohan<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|7|26}}<br /> | ShortSummary = <br /> | LineColor = #8FD8D8<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 6<br /> | Title = A Feast with a Twist<br /> | DirectedBy = Radha Mohan<br /> | WrittenBy = Radha Mohan<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|7|26}}<br /> | ShortSummary = <br /> | LineColor = #8FD8D8<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> === Development ===<br /> The series was announced by [[Disney+ Hotstar]] on 15 July 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/radha-mohans-chutney-sambar-starring-yogi-babu-starts-streaming-on-this-ott-8394733.html|title=Radha Mohan's Chutney Sambar Starring Yogi Babu Starts Streaming On This OTT|date=21 July 2023 |publisher=www.news18.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series is produced by [[Ishari K. Ganesh]] under the [[Ishari K. Ganesh|Vels Film International]] and directed by [[Radha Mohan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/director-radha-mohan-on-his-web-series-chutney-sambar-working-with-yogi-babu-and-20-years-in-the-movies/article68436669.ece|title=Director Radha Mohan on his web-series 'Chutney Sambar,' working with Yogi Babu, and 20 years in the movies|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 July 2024|access-date=26 July 2024|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726071254/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/director-radha-mohan-on-his-web-series-chutney-sambar-working-with-yogi-babu-and-20-years-in-the-movies/article68436669.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The cinematography was done by [[Prasanna Kumar]], the editing by Jijendran, and the music by [[Ajesh]].<br /> <br /> === Casting ===<br /> Tamil actor [[Yogi Babu]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/yogi-babu-vani-bhojan-come-together-for-radha-mohans-chutney-sambar/articleshow/101785173.cms|title=Yogi Babu &amp; Vani Bhojan come together for Radha Mohan's 'Chutney Sambar'|date=15 July 2023|work=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|archive-date=6 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406140310/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/yogi-babu-vani-bhojan-come-together-for-radha-mohans-chutney-sambar/articleshow/101785173.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; was cast main role. This is his first role in a limited series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nakkheeran.in/cinema/cinema-news/yogi-babu-vani-bhojan-web-series-update|title=Disney+ Hotstar releases first look of Yogi Babu's Chutney Sambar|website=www.nakkheeran.in|date=22 June 2024|access-date=14 July 2024|archive-date=14 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714202029/https://www.nakkheeran.in/cinema/cinema-news/yogi-babu-vani-bhojan-web-series-update|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Actress [[Vani Bhojan]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Jul/15/disney-hotstarannounces-chutney-sambar-starring-yogi-babu-vani-bhojan-45662.html|title=&quot;யோகிபாபுவுடன் நடிப்பது இதுவே முதன்முறை&quot; - வாணி போஜன்|date=19 June 2023|publisher=www.cinemaexpress.com|language=en|archive-date=6 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406134811/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Jul/15/disney-hotstarannounces-chutney-sambar-starring-yogi-babu-vani-bhojan-45662.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; plays the female lead and Chandramouli, Ilango and [[Nithin Sathya]] as supporting cast. [[Vani Bhojan]] has worked with [[Radha Mohan]]’s film ''[[Malaysia to Amnesia]]'' which had a direct release on [[Zee5]] in 2021.<br /> <br /> === Release ===<br /> The first look poster was released on Friday 14 June 2024, The poster features the characters sitting at the same table to eat.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://angusam.com/chutney-sambar-web-series/|title='சட்னி சாம்பார்' தொடரின் முதல் போஸ்டர் வெளியானது...|date=22 June 2024|publisher=angusam.com|language=ta|archive-date=22 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622093958/https://angusam.com/chutney-sambar-web-series/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nakkheeran.in/cinema/cinema-news/chutney-sambar-series-first-look|title='சட்னி - சாம்பார்' சீரிஸ் ஃபர்ஸ்ட் லுக்!|date=21 June 2024|publisher=www.nakkheeran.in|language=ta|archive-date=22 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622092446/https://www.nakkheeran.in/cinema/cinema-news/chutney-sambar-series-first-look|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2024/Jun/22/disney-hotstar-releases-first-look-of-yogi-babus-chutney-sambar|title=Disney+ Hotstar releases first look of Yogi Babu's Chutney Sambar|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=22 June 2024|access-date=14 July 2024|archive-date=14 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714202028/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2024/Jun/22/disney-hotstar-releases-first-look-of-yogi-babus-chutney-sambar|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> Harshini of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote, &quot;Yet the delicious part of the series – everything involving Yogi Babu – is sufficient to entertain&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=1 August 2024|title=Chutney Sambar Season 1 Review|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/tamil/chutney-sambar/season-1/seasonreview/112191397.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Avinash Ramachandran of [[The Indian Express]] gave 3/5 stars and wrote, &quot;At one point in Chutney Sambar, a character starts narrating a flashback, and Yogi Babu cuts him short by saying something like, “''Seekram sollu, Season 2 eduthuda poraanga'' (Tell it fast, otherwise, they would make a season 2).” Honestly, I wouldn't actually mind it&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 July 2024|title=Chutney Sambar review: Yogi Babu powers this dignified tale of a dysfunctional family|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/chutney-sambar-review-yogi-babu-powers-this-dignified-tale-of-a-dysfunctional-family-9483869/lite/|website=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=1 August 2024|archive-date=1 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801133337/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/chutney-sambar-review-yogi-babu-powers-this-dignified-tale-of-a-dysfunctional-family-9483869/lite/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Narayani M of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote, &quot;As Sachu puts it in his own words, &quot;''nalla irundha sambhar la naamale en uppu alli podanum?''&quot; (Why should we throw salt in an already flavourful sambar?)&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=29 July 2024|title=Chutney Sambar Series Review: An almost delectable series that needed more wholesomeness|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Jul/29/chutney-sambar-series-review-an-almost-delectable-series-that-needed-more-wholesomeness|website=[[Cinema Express]]|access-date=1 August 2024|archive-date=1 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801133335/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Jul/29/chutney-sambar-series-review-an-almost-delectable-series-that-needed-more-wholesomeness|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Anusha Sundar of ''[[OTTplay]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote, &quot;Chutney Sambar is a passable series that, thankfully, does not become a snoozefest thanks to its outdated arcs. Radha Mohan makes an earnest attempt to serve up a platter of delicious characters who come together for a hearty meal. There is a good reason why each character exists and they get their due by the end of the series. Yes, not everything works for the series, but despite its flaws, Chutney Sambar is a one-time watch that you can put on while doing your chores&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=26 July 2024|title=Chutney Sambar Review: Radha Mohan serves up a delicious platter of characters, shows restraint in his writing|url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/chutney-sambar-review-radha-mohan-cooks-delicious-platter-of-characters-with-restrained-writing/57b5129601687|website=[[OTTplay]]|access-date=26 July 2024|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726234646/https://www.ottplay.com/review/chutney-sambar-review-radha-mohan-cooks-delicious-platter-of-characters-with-restrained-writing/57b5129601687|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Janani K of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote, &quot;'Chutney Sambar' is a decent web series with the right intentions&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=29 July 2024|title='Chutney Sambar' Review: Director Radha Mohan's show is a passable entertainer|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/chutney-sambar-review-director-radha-mohan-show-passable-entertainer-2573270-2024-07-29|website=[[India Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Gopinath Rajendran of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, &quot;Probably naming series after eatables is the trick! In the series, Rathnasamy’s restaurant is famous for its sambar while Sachu’s eatery is renowned for its chutney, but it’s actually Radha Mohan and Yogi Babu whose collaboration — like chutney and sambar — make Chutney Sambar a delectable watch&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=29 July 2024|title='Chutney Sambar' web series review: Yogi Babu and Radha Mohan cook up a delectable hodgepodge|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/chutney-sambar-web-series-review-yogi-babu-and-radha-mohan-cook-up-a-delectable-hodgepodge/article68460100.ece|website=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=1 August 2024|archive-date=1 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801133334/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/chutney-sambar-web-series-review-yogi-babu-and-radha-mohan-cook-up-a-delectable-hodgepodge/article68460100.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; G. Gowtham of ''India Herald'' wrote, &quot;A group of delectable personalities gather for a substantial lunch, and Radha Mohan does his hardest to present them on a plate&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=28 July 2024|title=Chutney Sambar Review - A Delicious Treat from Radha Mohan|url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Breaking/Read/994731349/Chutney-Sambar-Review-A-Delicious-Treat-from-Radha-Mohan|website=India Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|id=tt28434030}}<br /> <br /> {{Disney+ Hotstar Tamil original programming}}<br /> {{Radha Mohan}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Tamil-language web series]]<br /> [[Category:2024 Tamil-language television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language comedy television series]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nanded_district&diff=454140 2026-01-24T12:32:47Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Nanded district<br /> | settlement_type = [[List of districts of Maharashtra|District of Maharashtra]]<br /> | total_type = Total<br /> | nickname = &quot;District of Sanskrit Poets&quot;<br /> | image_skyline = {{Photomontage<br /> |size = 250<br /> |photo1a = Indien2012 1253 Kandhar Fort.jpg<br /> |photo2a = Hazur Sahib.jpg<br /> }}<br /> | image_caption = Top: [[Kandhar Fort]]&lt;br/&gt;Bottom: [[Hazur Sahib]], [[Nanded]]<br /> | image_map = Nanded in Maharashtra (India).svg<br /> | image_map1 = {{maplink |frame=yes<br /> |frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center<br /> |text= '''Nanded district'''<br /> |type=shape |id=Q692389<br /> |stroke-colour=#C60C30<br /> |stroke-width=2<br /> |title= Nanded district of Maharashtra<br /> |type2=line|id2=Q1191|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Maharashtra<br /> }}<br /> | map_alt = IND<br /> | map_caption = Location in Maharashtra<br /> | coordinates = <br /> | coor_pinpoint = Nanded<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = Division<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar]]<br /> | established_title = Established<br /> | established_date = 1947<br /> | seat_type = Headquarters<br /> | seat = [[Nanded]]<br /> | parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]<br /> | parts_style = para<br /> | p1 = {{collapsible list|1. [[Ardhapur]],&lt;br /&gt; 2. [[Bhokar taluka|Bhokar]],&lt;br /&gt; 3. [[Biloli]],&lt;br /&gt; 4. [[Degloor]],&lt;br /&gt; 5. [[Kinwat]],&lt;br /&gt; 6. [[Loha, India|Loha]],&lt;br /&gt; 7. [[Mahur, Maharashtra|Mahur]],&lt;br /&gt; 8. [[Mudkhed]],&lt;br /&gt; 9. [[Dharmabad]],&lt;br /&gt; 10. [[Mukhed]],&lt;br /&gt; 11. [[Hadgaon]],&lt;br /&gt; 12. [[Nanded]],&lt;br /&gt; 13. [[Himayatnagar, Maharashtra|Himayatnagar]],&lt;br /&gt; 14. [[Naigaon, Nanded|Naigaon]],&lt;br /&gt; 15. [[Kandhar]],&lt;br /&gt; 16. [[Umri, Nanded|Umri]]}}<br /> | area_total_km2 = 10528<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_total = 3,361,292<br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | population_urban = 27.19 %<br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | demographics_type1 = Demographics<br /> | demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]<br /> | demographics1_info1 = 75.45%<br /> | demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio<br /> | demographics1_info2 = 943<br /> | government_type = [[District council (India)|District Council]] (Janpad Panchayat)<br /> | governing_body = [[:mr:नांदेड जिल्हा परिषद|Nanded Zilha Parishad]]<br /> | leader_title = Guardian Minister<br /> | leader_name = [[Atul Save]]&lt;br /&gt; {{small|([[Government of Maharashtra|Cabinet Minister MH]])}}<br /> | leader_title1 = Zilla Parishad,Nanded<br /> | leader_name1 = <br /> *President&lt;br /&gt; [Vacant]<br /> *Vice President&lt;br /&gt; [Vacant]<br /> | leader_title2 = DM cum Collector<br /> | leader_name2 = <br /> *Shri. Rahul Kardile (IAS)<br /> | leader_title3 = CEO, Zilla Parishad<br /> | leader_name3 = <br /> *Ms. Meghana Kawali, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<br /> | leader_title4 = DFO cum Conservator<br /> | leader_name4 = <br /> *Keshav Wabale, [[Indian Forest Service|IFS]]<br /> | leader_title5 = [[Superintendent of Police]]<br /> | leader_name5 = <br /> *Mr. Abinash Kumar, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +05:30<br /> | registration_plate = MH-26<br /> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]<br /> | blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 222 (India)|NH-222]], [[National Highway 204]], [[National Highway 361]], [[National Highway 61 (India)|National Highway 61]]<br /> | blank_name_sec2 = [[Per capita income]](Nanded district)<br /> | blank_info_sec2 = [[Indian rupee|INR]] 1,22,767 (2019-20)&lt;ref name=&quot;mls&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Records |first1=Official |title=District Per capita income of Maharashtra 2020-21 |url=https://mls.org.in|website=Planning Department, Government of Maharashtra, India |publisher=Maharashtra Vidhanmandal}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 431601&lt;ref name=&quot;pincode&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://pin-code.net/in-loc/nanded-pin-code/352847/|title=Nanded Pin code|publisher=pin-code.net|access-date=9 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | website = {{URL|https://nanded.nic.in}}<br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = Average annual precipitation<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = 954 [[Millimetre|mm]]<br /> | blank1_name_sec2 = [[Nominal gross domestic product]](Nanded district)<br /> | blank1_info_sec2 = [[Indian rupee|INR]] 50,020[[crores]] (2019-20)&lt;ref name=&quot;mls&quot;/&gt;<br /> | flag_alt = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Nanded district''' (Marathi pronunciation: [[Help:IPA/Marathi|[naːn̪d̪eɖ]]]) is a [[districts of Maharashtra|district]] of [[Maharashtra]] state in central [[India]]. The city of [[Nanded]] is the district headquarters.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> {{See also|Tourism in Marathwada}}<br /> [[Nanded]] has been mentioned in historical accounts since the 1st century. Upon the reorganization of states in 1956, the district of Nanded came to comprise six [[taluka|talukas:]] [[Kandhar]], [[Hadgaon]], [[Biloli]], [[Degloor]] and [[Mudhol]] whereas [[Mukhed]] and [[Bhokar]] were designated as Mahals (revenue headquarters). As a result of the reorganization, Bichkunda and Jukkal villages of Degloor taluka, as well as the entire [[Mudhol]] taluka (excluding [[Dharmabad]]), were merged with [[Nizamabad District]] of [[Telangana]]. In exchange, [[Kinwat]] and Islapur villages were separated from Adilabad District and incorporated into Nanded District. Islapur village was combined with [[Kinwat]] taluka, and [[Dharmabad]] came to be merged with Biloli taluka.<br /> <br /> == Geography ==<br /> {{Unreferenced section|date=October 2021}}<br /> The district of Nanded lies between 180 15' to 190 55' North latitudes and 770 to 78025' East longitudes. It covers an area of 10,332 sq&amp;nbsp;km. Nanded District lies in the eastern part of Maharashtra state as well as the eastern portion of [[Marathwada]] region, which corresponds to [[ Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar Division]].<br /> <br /> Nanded is bounded on the north by [[Yavatmal]] district of the [[Vidarbha]] region, with [[Latur district|Latur]] on south-west, [[Parbhani district|Parbhani]] and [[Hingoli district|Hingoli]] districts on the west. On the eastern side lies [[Adilabad district|Adilabad]], [[Nirmal district|Nirmal]], [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]] and [[Kamareddy district|Kamareddy]] districts of [[Telangana]] state, and on the south lies [[Bidar]] of [[Karnataka]] state. The area presents undulating topography with uneven hills, plateau, gentle slopes and valley planes.<br /> <br /> The [[Godavari River]] flows through the district. Physio-graphically, the district can be divided into 2 major parts, the hilly region on the North and North East and low-lying area on the banks of the rivers Godavari, Manjra, Manyad, Penganga.<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> {{historical populations|11=1901|12=5,50,261|13=1911|14=6,71,066|15=1921|16=6,49,825|17=1931|18=7,06,773|19=1941|20=7,84,289|21=1951|22=8,83,531|23=1961|24=10,79,674|25=1971|26=13,97,762|27=1981|28=17,49,334|29=1991|30=23,30,374|31=2001|32=28,76,259|33=2011|34=33,61,292|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:&lt;ref&gt;[http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]&lt;/ref&gt;|align=center}}<br /> <br /> {{bar box<br /> |title=Religions in Nanded district (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;Religion&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Population by Religion - Maharashtra |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |titlebar=#FCD116<br /> |left1=Religion<br /> |right1=Percent<br /> |float=left<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Maharashtra|Hinduism]]|darkorange|74.43}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Islam in Maharashtra|Islam]]|green|14.04}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Marathi Buddhists|Buddhism]]|yellow|10.54}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|0.40}}<br /> {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.59}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], the district has an area of 10,502&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and its population is 3,361,292 of which 27.19% were urban.&lt;ref name=&quot;districtcensus2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Nanded |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/810/download/2890/DH_2011_2715_PART_A_DCHB_NANDED.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; roughly equal to the nation of [[Uruguay]]&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote =Uruguay 3,308,535 July 2011 est.<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; or the US state of [[Connecticut]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=2011-09-30|quote=Connecticut 3,574,097|archive-date=27 December 2010|archive-url=https://archive.today/20101227010452/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; This gives it a ranking of 99th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).&lt;ref name=districtcensus2011/&gt; The district has a population density of {{convert| 319 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .&lt;ref name=districtcensus2011/&gt; Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 16.7%.&lt;ref name=districtcensus2011/&gt; Nanded has a [[sex ratio]] of 937 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,&lt;ref name=districtcensus2011/&gt; and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 76.94%. 27.19% of the population live in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 19.05% and 8.38% of the population respectively.&lt;ref name=districtcensus2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Languages ===<br /> <br /> {{Pie chart<br /> |thumb = left<br /> |caption = Languages of Nanded district (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;langs&quot;/&gt;<br /> |label1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value1 = 75.46 |color1 = red<br /> |label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 9.63 |color2 = green<br /> |label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 5.36 |color3 = orange<br /> |label4 = [[Lambadi]] |value4 = 5.23 |color4 = khaki<br /> |label5 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value5 = 2.10 |color5 = steelblue<br /> |label6 = Others |value6 = 2.22 |color6 = grey<br /> }}<br /> <br /> At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 75.46% of the population in the district spoke [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 9.63% [[Urdu]], 5.36% [[Hindi]], 5.23% [[Lambadi]] and 2.10% [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as their first language. Urdu is mainly concentrated in Nanded city, while [[Gondi language|Gondi]] is mainly in Mahur and Kinwat taluks.&lt;ref name=&quot;langs&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Maharashtra |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10212/download/13324/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2700.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Economy ==<br /> In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Nanded one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).&lt;ref name=brgf/&gt; It is one of the twelve districts in Maharashtra currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).&lt;ref name=brgf&gt;{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Industrial Estates are located in Nanded, Dharmabad, Loha, Degloor, Kinwat, Krushnoor (SEZ).<br /> <br /> ==Governance==<br /> <br /> === Members of Parliament ===<br /> *[[Ravindra Vasantrao Chavan|&lt;small&gt;Ravindra Vasantrao Chavan (INC)&lt;/small&gt;]]&lt;br /&gt; {{small|([[Nanded (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nanded]])}}<br /> *[[Shivaji Bandappa Kalge]] ([[indian national congress|INC]])&lt;br /&gt; {{small|([[Latur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Latur]])}}<br /> *[[Nagesh Bapurao Patil Ashtikar]] ([[Shiv Sena (UBT)|Shiv Sena - UBT]])&lt;br /&gt; {{small|([[Hingoli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hingoli]])}}<br /> <br /> ===Guardian Minister===<br /> <br /> {{Infobox Political post<br /> | post = Guardian Minister for Nanded District <br /> | native_name = पालकमंत्री-नांदेड जिल्हा करीता<br /> | insignia = Seal of Maharashtra.svg<br /> | insigniasize = <br /> | insigniacaption = [[Emblem of Maharashtra]]<br /> | image = <br /> | incumbent = [[Atul Save]]<br /> | incumbentsince = 24 September 2022<br /> | style = [[The Honourable]]<br /> | imagesize = <br /> | termlength = 5 years / No time limit<br /> | appointer = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]]<br /> | residence = <br /> | formation = <br /> | succession = <br /> | website = {{url|http://mumbaicity.gov.in/en/}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==== List of Guardian Minister ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Term of office<br /> |-<br /> | [[Diwakar Raote]]<br /> | 1995-1999<br /> |-<br /> | [[Ashok Chavan]]<br /> | 1999-2008<br /> |-<br /> | [[Ravisheth Patil]]<br /> | 2008-2009<br /> |-<br /> | [[Subhash Zanak]]<br /> | 2009-2010<br /> |-<br /> | [[D. P. Sawant]]<br /> | 2010-2014<br /> |-<br /> | [[Ramdas Kadam]]<br /> | 31 October 2014 - 8 November 2019<br /> |-<br /> | [[Ashok Chavan]]<br /> |9 January 2020 - 29 June 2022<br /> |-<br /> | [[Girish Mahajan]]<br /> | 24 September 2022 - 23 November 2024<br /> |-<br /> | [[Atul Save|Atul Moreshwar Sawe]]<br /> | 20 January 2025 - Incumbent<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Culture==<br /> <br /> Nanded is mentioned in the [[Ramayana]], as the place where Bharat's mother came from. Mahur fort was a major fort in ancient times.&lt;ref&gt;[http://nanded.gov.in/htmldocs/htmldocs/Mahur.html Mahurghat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911160110/http://nanded.gov.in/htmldocs/htmldocs/Mahur.html |date=11 September 2014 }} Government of India.&lt;/ref&gt; In Mahur, the Goddess Renuka temple is the major attraction for pilgrims. It is part of the ''Saade Teen Shaktipeeth'' (three and a half seats of power of the deity). There are many temples in Mahur viz [[Dattatreya|Datta]] &amp; Lord [[Parashuram]] temples. Kedarguda Temple in Hadgaon district is dedicated to Lord Kedarnath, known for Devrai (the forest dedicated to God). Another ancient Temple at Gaitond (mouth of cow) in Hadgaon taluka of Nanded district dedicated to Lord Shiva is a pilgrimage site. There are three historical forts in Nanded district namely Mahurgarh, Nandgiri and Kandhar fort. <br /> <br /> The [[Sahasrakund Waterfall]] located at Islapur village, Kinwat is a favourite destination for tourists during the monsoon. Hot water springs with containing sulphur and phosphate are believed to have medicinal properties. Unkeshwar village in Kinwat taluka has a Shiva temple. Malegaon Yatra dedicated to Lord [[Khandoba]] in Loha taluka is considered one of biggest in India. The 10th and last living guru of [[Sikh]]s, [[Guru Gobind Singh]] spent his last days and here he transferred the title of [[Guru]] to &quot;Aad Granth&quot; as &quot;[[Guru Granth Sahib]]&quot;. A gurdwara was built on the site of Guru Gobind Singh's cremation. The gurdwara is part of the [[Hazur Sahib]].<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;150px&quot;&gt;<br /> File:Mahur temples and forts.jpg|Temples and forts in [[Mahur, Maharashtra|Mahur]], Nanded district<br /> File:SidhheshwarTemple Hottal.jpg|Sidhheshwar Temple near Hottal, Nanded district<br /> File:Hazur Sahib.jpg|[[Hazur Sahib]], a Sikh shrine located in the Nanded city<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> == Education ==<br /> * [[Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University]] (SRTMU), located in [[Nanded]], was established in 1994 as a state public university of Maharashtra state.<br /> * [[Dr. Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College]]<br /> * [[Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology]]<br /> <br /> == Administration ==<br /> <br /> ===District Collectorate===<br /> <br /> {{Infobox Political post<br /> | post = District Magistrate / Collector, Nanded <br /> | native_name = जिल्हाधिकारी तथा जिल्हादंडाधिकारी, नांदेड <br /> | insignia = Emblem_of_India.svg<br /> | insigniasize = 50px<br /> | insigniacaption = Emblem of India<br /> | image = <br /> | incumbent = Shri. Rahul Kardile (IAS)<br /> | incumbentsince = 2025<br /> | <br /> | imagesize = <br /> | termlength = 3 yrs. (Only once)<br /> | appointer = [[Government of Maharashtra]]<br /> | residence = Civil Lines, Nanded<br /> | formation = <br /> | succession = <br /> | website =<br /> {{url|https://nanded.gov.in/en/}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ====List of District Collector====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Term of office<br /> |-<br /> | Radheshyaam Mopalwar<br /> | 2001-2004<br /> |-<br /> | Dr. Deepak Mhaisekar<br /> | 2004-2008<br /> |-<br /> | [[Shrikar Pardeshi]]<br /> | 2008 - 2012<br /> |-<br /> | Dhiraj Kumar<br /> | 2012-2014<br /> |-<br /> | Suresh Kakani<br /> | 2014-2016<br /> |-<br /> | Arun Dongare<br /> | 2016-2018<br /> |-<br /> | Dr. Vipin (Itankar) <br /> |2020 - 2023<br /> |-<br /> | Dr. Abhijeet Raut<br /> |2023 - 2025, February 5<br /> |-<br /> | Rahul Kardile<br /> | 6 February 2025 - Incumbent<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Superintendent of Police===<br /> <br /> {{Infobox Political post<br /> | post = District Superintendent of Police, Nanded<br /> | native_name = जिल्हा पोलीस अधीक्षक, नांदेड<br /> | insignia = <br /> | insigniasize = <br /> | insigniacaption = <br /> | image = <br /> | incumbent = Shri. Abinash Kumar (IPS)<br /> | incumbentsince = 2024|<br /> | imagesize = <br /> | termlength = 3 yrs. (Only once)<br /> | appointer = [[Government of Maharashtra]]<br /> | residence = Police Headquarters, Nanded<br /> | formation = <br /> | succession = <br /> | website = {{url|https://nanded.gov.in/en/}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ====List of District SP's====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Term of office<br /> |-<br /> | Fattesinh Patil<br /> | 2001-2004<br /> |-<br /> | Dr. Manojkumar Sharma<br /> | 2004-2008<br /> |-<br /> | Dr. Sandip Karnik<br /> | 2008 - 2012<br /> |-<br /> | <br /> | 2012-2014<br /> |-<br /> | <br /> | 2014-2016<br /> |-<br /> | Meena<br /> | 2016-2018<br /> |-<br /> | Shrikrishna Kokate<br /> |2020 - 2023<br /> |-<br /> | Ravindrasingh Pardeshi<br /> |2023 - 2025, February 5<br /> |-<br /> | Abinash Kumar<br /> | 6 February 2025 - Incumbent<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notable people==<br /> &lt;!-- ONLY ADD A PERSON TO THIS LIST IF THEY ALREADY HAVE A Bharatpedia ARTICLE, OR PROVIDE DETAILED REFERENCES FROM RELIABLE, INDEPENDENT, SOURCES MEETING WP:BIO --&gt;<br /> * [[Vaman Pandit]], a Marathi scholar and a poet.<br /> * [[Guru Gobind Singh]], the last 10 [[Sikh Gurus|Sikh Guru]] who died in Nanded.<br /> * [[Banda Singh Bahadur]], the Sikh military commander.<br /> * [[Shankarrao Chavan]], the former Chief minister and former Home minister of Maharashtra state.<br /> * [[Ashok Chavan]], former Chief Minister of Maharashtra state and current Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha).<br /> * [[Syed Sadatullah Husaini]], president ([[Amir]]) of [[Jamaat-e-Islami Hind]] (JIH), Vice President of [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]].<br /> * [[Vasantrao Balwantrao Chavan]], former Member of Parliament.<br /> * [[Kamalkishor Kadam]], a former minister of education.<br /> * [[Nagnath Lalujirao Kottapalle]], former Vice-chancellor of [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University|BAMU]], an educationalist and an author.<br /> * [[Datta Bhagat]], an Ambedkarite author.<br /> * [[Vivek Ram Chaudhari]], [[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Force (India)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/iaf-chief-vivek-ram-chaudhari-china-border-fighter-aircraft-atmanirbhar-1859449-2021-10-01|title = IAF chief Vivek Ram Chaudhari: Ready for any eventuality, focus on being atmanirbhar}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- ONLY ADD A PERSON TO THIS LIST IF THEY ALREADY HAVE A Bharatpedia ARTICLE, OR PROVIDE DETAILED REFERENCES FROM RELIABLE, INDEPENDENT, SOURCES MEETING WP:BIO --&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[Make in Maharashtra]]<br /> *[[Marathwada]]<br /> *[[Wajegaon]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Commons category}}<br /> * {{Official|https://nanded.gov.in}}<br /> <br /> {{Geographic location<br /> |Centre = Nanded district<br /> |North = [[Yavatmal district]]<br /> |Northeast = [[Adilabad district]], [[Telangana]]<br /> |East = [[Nizamabad district]], [[Telangana]]<br /> |Southeast = <br /> |South = [[Bidar district]], [[Karnataka]]<br /> |Southwest = [[Latur district]]<br /> |West = [[Parbhani district]]<br /> |Northwest = [[Hingoli district]]<br /> }}<br /> {{Maharashtra}}<br /> {{Godavari basin}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{Coord|19|09|36|N|77|19|12|E|region:IN-MH_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Nanded district| ]]<br /> [[Category:Districts of Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:1956 establishments in Bombay State]]<br /> [[Category:Marathwada]]<br /> [[Category:Aurangabad division]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghulam_Ali_Khatana&diff=500445 2026-01-05T13:07:48Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: adding first biography basic info!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | appointer = [[Droupadi Murmu]] ([[President of India]])<br /> | constituency = [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|Nominated]] (Social Work)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Gulam Ali Khatana''' is an Indian politician who is serving as Nominated Member of [[Rajya Sabha]] and Secretary and Spokesperson of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] Jammu &amp; Kashmir unit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=J&amp;K BJP Gujjar Member Gulam Khatana Nominated To Rajya Sabha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/srinagar/jk-bjp-gujjar-member-gulam-khatana-nominated-to-rajya-sabha/articleshow/94141471.cms |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=12 September 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gulam Ali Khatana: कौन हैं गुलाम अली खटाना, जो बनेंगे राज्यसभा सांसद, जानें भाजपा को कितना फायदा? |url=https://www.amarujala.com/india-news/who-is-ghulam-ali-khatana-who-will-become-rajya-sabha-mp-know-how-much-benefit-bjp-will-get |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=[[Amar Ujala]] |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Gulam Ali Khatana: J&amp;K Gujjar leader to get Rajya Sabha nomination worked with RSS Muslim Rashtriya Manch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/ghulam-ali-khatana-jammu-kashmir-gujjar-rajya-sabha-rss-8146065/ |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-09-11 |title=गुलाम अली खटाना राज्यसभा के लिए मनोनीत, केंद्र सरकार की सिफारिश पर राष्ट्रपति ने लगाई मुहर |url=https://www.abplive.com/news/india/ghulam-ali-khatana-from-jammu-kashmir-nominated-for-rajya-sabha-by-central-government-president-approved-2212792 |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=[[ABP News]] |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-09-11 |title='Tribal leader, RSS links' — who is Gulam Ali, first Gurjar Muslim from J&amp;K to be nominated to RS |url=https://theprint.in/politics/tribal-leader-rss-links-who-is-ghulam-ali-first-gurjar-muslim-from-jk-to-be-nominated-to-rs/1124617/ |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=[[The Print]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Khatana, Ghulam Ali}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha]]<br /> [[Category:Rajya Sabha members from the Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> [[Category:Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party politicians]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Muslim Gujjars]]<br /> <br /> {{JammuKashmir-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=K._R._Ramsingh&diff=463948 2026-01-04T07:05:43Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: added references</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian theatre, film and voice actor}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = K. R. Ramsingh<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | birth_date = c. 1915<br /> | birth_place = [[Nagercoil]], [[Travancore]], [[British India]]<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | death_date = 18 October 1985 (aged 70)<br /> | death_place = [[Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br /> | othername = <br /> | yearsactive = 1947-1980<br /> | spouse = Lakshmi<br /> | children = 3<br /> | parents = <br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> '''K. R. Ramsingh''' (c. 1915 – 18 October 1985)&lt;ref name=MM&gt;{{cite news|title=கம்பீர குரல் கொண்ட கே.ஆர்.ராம்சிங் டி.ஆர்.ராஜகுமாரிக்கு ஜோடியாக நடித்தார்|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2014/02/04214943/kr-ramsingh-tr-rajakumari-cine.html|accessdate=23 June 2014|work=[[Maalai Malar]]|date=4 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; was an Indian theatre, film and [[Voice acting|voice actor]].<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Ramsingh was born into a [[Rajput]] family in [[Nagercoil]], [[Travancore]] (present day [[Kanyakumari district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]). He was educated at the Hindu Higher Secondary School, Nagercoil.{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}} At a very young age, he was drawn towards theatre. Since his parents were not supportive of his decision, he had to leave his family and join an amateur drama company. After working for some companies, he joined the &quot;Sri Ramabala Gaana Vinoda Sabha&quot;, a theatre group which consisted of future artists including [[M. S. Viswanathan]] and [[R. Muthuraman]]. During this time, Ramsingh won acclaim for acting in a play called ''Puyalukkuppin'' – he performed the role of a dictator. Later, he acted in a devotional play based on the life of the [[Vaishnava]] sage [[Thirumazhisai Aazhwar]]. It was staged in Madras for over 400 days. After establishing himself as a leading theatre artist, he got offers to act in films. He played the lead role as saint [[Vishwamitra]] in the 1948 Tamil film ''[[Brahmarishi Vishwamithra]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Guy|first1=Randor|authorlink1=Randor Guy|title=Brahmarishi Vishwamithra (1948)|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/brahmarishi-vishwamithra-1948/article6044789.ece|accessdate=23 June 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=25 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was paired opposite [[T. R. Rajakumari]], who played the role of [[Menaka]]. The dialogues of the film were written by playwright [[Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar]]. The film was also released in Hindi with Ramsingh reprising his role. However, the film's failure prompted Ramsingh to go back to theatre.&lt;ref name=MM /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Film career ==<br /> After a brief hiatus, he returned to films through ''[[Minnal Veeran]]'' starring [[Ranjan (actor)|Ranjan]] and Sandhya in the lead. Ramsingh played the main antagonist in the film. Following that, he went on to act in similar roles in films such as ''Puyal'' and ''[[Kanniyin Kaadhali]]''. His role as an amputated wizard in [[K. Ramnath]]'s ''Vijayakumari'' (1950) fetched him critical acclaim.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Guy|first1=Randor|title=Blast from the past: Vijayakumari 1950|url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/11/06/stories/2009110650371600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110509102355/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/11/06/stories/2009110650371600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 May 2011|accessdate=23 June 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=6 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ramsingh was next seen in [[M. G. Ramachandran]]'s ''[[Nadodi Mannan]]'', where he played [[Bhanumathi Ramakrishna]]'s father, ''[[Mahadevi]]'', and ''[[Marutha Nattu Veeran]]''.&lt;ref name=MM /&gt;<br /> <br /> While acting in films, he worked as a voice actor for films dubbed from other languages in Tamil. He provided the voice-over for [[Prithviraj Kapoor]] in a Hindi film. Kapoor was so impressed with Ramsingh's voice so that he requested the latter to do the voice-over for him in the Tamil version of ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]''. In the later part of his career, he worked mainly as a voice actor while making appearances in a few films.&lt;ref name=MM /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Death==<br /> Ramsingh died at the age of 70 on 18 October 1985 at a private hospital in [[Kodambakkam, Chennai|Kodambakkam]], Madras.&lt;ref name=MM /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Year<br /> !Film<br /> !Role<br /> !Notes<br /> |-<br /> |1947<br /> |Brahmarishi Vishwamithra<br /> |<br /> |Debut as Hero and Bilingual Film made in Tamil and Hindi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Guy|first=Randor|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/brahmarishi-vishwamithra-1948/article6044450.ece|title=Brahmarishi Vishwamithra (1948)|date=2014-05-24|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-02-10|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |1949<br /> |[[Kanniyin Kathali]]<br /> |Durjayan<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1950<br /> |[[Vijayakumari (film)|Vijayakumari]] <br /> |amputated Wizard<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1952<br /> |''[[Puyal]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1957<br /> |[[Mahadhevi]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1958<br /> |[[Nadodi Mannan]]<br /> |Veerabahu<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1959<br /> |[[Minnal Veeran]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1961<br /> |[[Marutha Nattu Veeran]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1961<br /> |''[[Naaga Nandhini]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1965<br /> |[[Thazhampoo]]<br /> |Murugan<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1965<br /> |[[Aasai Mugam]]<br /> |Plastic surgeon<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1967<br /> |[[Arasa Kattalai]] <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1969<br /> |[[Anjal Petti 520]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1973<br /> |[[Baghdad Perazhagi]] <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1976<br /> |[[Thunive Thunai]]<br /> |Bullock cart driver<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1980<br /> |''[[Oru Velladu Vengaiyagiradhu]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Awards and honours==<br /> Ramsingh was awarded the [[Kalaimamani]] award for his contributions to arts.&lt;ref name=MM /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ramsingh, K.R.}}<br /> [[Category:1910s births]]<br /> [[Category:1985 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil dramatists and playwrights]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male voice actors]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]<br /> [[Category:People from Nagercoil]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]<br /> [[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahlikas&diff=458019 2025-12-28T13:17:12Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: minor improve references based on references also and improved wording</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Ancient country/region}}<br /> {{citations needed|date=December 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox archaeological culture<br /> | name = Bahlikas<br /> | map = Mahajanapadas_(c._500_BCE).png<br /> | mapcaption = Location of the Bahlikas in [[Bactria]]<br /> | altnames = Bahli, Balhika, Vahlika, Valhika, Bahlava, Bahlam, Bahlim, Bahlayana, Bahluva<br /> | race = [[Iranian peoples|Eastern Iranian]]<br /> | religion = Proto-Iranian and early [[Zoroastrianism]]<br /> | language = Proto-Iranian later [[Avestan]] and [[Bactrian language|Bactrian]]<br /> | region = [[Bactria]]<br /> | period = Iron Age<br /> | dates = c. 1500 – 400 BCE<br /> | typesite = Balkh<br /> | majorsites = Balkh<br /> | followedby = [[Greco-Bactrian Kingdom]]<br /> | collapse = Conquered by Greeks (4th century BCE)<br /> | definedby = [[Puranas]], [[Atharvaveda]], [[Mahabharata]]<br /> }}<br /> {{South Asia in 500 BCE|South Asia circa 500 BCE, with the location of the Bahlikas in [[Bactria]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical Atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=145, map XIV.1 (d) |isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |access-date=16 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224162023/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Content mirrored from&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> The '''Bahlikas''' ({{langx|sa|बाह्लिक}}; ''Bāhlika'') were the inhabitants of a location called Bahlika ({{langx|sa|बह्लिक}}, located in [[Bactria]]), mentioned in the [[Atharvaveda]], [[Mahabharata]], [[Ramayana]], Puranas, Vartikka of [[Katyayana]], Brhatsamhita, Amarkosha, and other ancient inscriptions. Other variations of Bahlika include Bahli, Balhika, Vahlika, Valhika, Bahlava, Bahlam/Bahlim, Bahlayana, and Bahluva.<br /> <br /> ==Locations==<br /> [[File:EpicIndia.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Bahlika Kingdom alongside other locations of kingdoms and republics mentioned in the Indian epics or [[Bharata Khanda]].]]<br /> <br /> ===In Bahlika===<br /> According to the ''Bhuvanakosha'' section of the [[Purana]]s, Bahlika was a [[Janapada]] located in the ''Udichya'' ([[Uttarapatha]]) division.&lt;ref&gt;Vayu I.45.115&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Vamana 13.37&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Garuda 55.16&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Brahamanda, 27.24-52v etc.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Some [[hymn]]s of the Atharvaveda invoke fever to go to the [[Gandhara|Gandharis]], Mahavrsas (a tribe of Punjab), Mujavants, and, further off, to the Bahlikas. Mujavant is the name of a hill (and the people) located in the [[Hindukush]]/[[Pamir Mountains|Pamir]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Witzel&quot;&gt;Early Eastern Iran and the Atharvaveda, Persica-9, 1980, p. 87, Dr [[Michael Witzel]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Atharvaveda-Parisista'' juxtaposes the Vedic Bahlikas with the [[Kambojas]] (i.e., ''Kamboja-Bahlika'').&lt;ref&gt;AV-Par, 57.2.5&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Witzel_106&quot;&gt;Early East Iran and the Atharvaveda, Persica-9, 1980, p. 106, Dr Michael Witzel&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Besides the Atharvaveda Parisista, several other ancient texts also associate the Bahlikas with the Kambojas:<br /> <br /> :''Shakah.Kamboja.Bahlika.Yavanah.Paradastatha.''&lt;ref&gt;MBH 7/98/13&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> :''Kritavarma tu sahitah KambojaivarBahlikaih.''&lt;ref&gt;MBH 6/75/17&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;MBH 2/27/23-23 etc.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> :''VanayujanParvatiyanKamboj.Aratta.Bahlikan.''&lt;ref&gt;Mahabharata 7.36.36&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> :''Kamboja.vishhaye jatair Bahlikaishcha hayottamaih.''&lt;ref name=&quot;Valmiki Ramayana I.6.22&quot;&gt;Valmiki Ramayana I.6.22&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Kashmir]] recension of the ancient Ramayana contains the following reading:<br /> <br /> :''Aratta.Kapisham.Balhim''...&lt;ref&gt;''Ramayana, 4/44/23''&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Sanskrit]] Acharya [[Kshmendra]] of Kashmir rendered the above text into his Ramayana Manjri as follows:<br /> <br /> ''Aratta.Bahlika.Kamboja.''&lt;ref&gt;''Ramayana Manjri, 4/252''&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Besides Kambojas, the Atharvaveda-Parisista also associates the Vedic Bahlikas with the [[Sakas]], [[Yavana]]s, and [[Tusharas]] (''Saka-Yavana-Tukhara-Vahlikaishcha'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Witzel_106&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Atharvaveda Pari. 51.33&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The fact that Puranic evidence locates the Bahlikas in Uttarapatha and further associates the Bahlikas with the Kambojas, Tusharas, Sakas, and [[Yavanas]] in the Atharvaveda Parisista and other ancient sources suggests that the Bahlikas were located as close neighbors to these groups. Since the Kambojas were located in [[Badakshan]] and Pamirs, the Tusharas to the north of Pamirs, and the Sakas on the river [[Jaxartes]] and beyond, the Bahlikas or Bahlams, as neighbors to these people, should be placed in [[Bactria]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}<br /> <br /> The [[Brahmanda Purana]] attests that the river Chaksu ([[Oxus]] or [[Amu Darya]]) flowed through the land of Bahlavas (Bahlikas).<br /> <br /> The [[Iron pillar of Delhi]] inscription by King [[Chandragupta II]] also mentions the Bahlikas as living on the west side of the [[Indus River]] ([[Sindhu]]). After crossing the seven mouths of the Indus, King Chandragupta is stated to have defeated the Bahlikas.&lt;ref&gt;Indian Historical Quarterly, XXVI, 118n&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> These references attest that the Bahlikas were originally located beyond the seven mouths of the Indus River in Bactria, where the land was watered by the Oxus River. However, later, a section of these people moved from [[Balkh]] to the [[Punjab region|Punjab]], while others appear to have moved to southwestern India as neighbors to the [[Saurashtra language|Saurashtras]] and [[Abhira tribe|Abhiras]] of [[Sovira|Sauviras]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}<br /> <br /> ===In the plains of Punjab===<br /> Salya, the king of Madra mentioned in the Mahabharata, has been called a ''Bahlika Pungava'' (i.e., foremost among the Bahlikas).&lt;ref&gt;MBH I. 67.6&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;MBH I.112.3&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Princess]] Madri from the Madra Royal Family is also referred to as Bahliki (i.e., a princess of the Bahlika [[clan]]).&lt;ref&gt;MBH I. 124. 21&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the digvijay expedition of [[Pandava]] [[Arjuna]], there is a reference to a group called the Bahlikas, whom Arjuna had to fight.&lt;ref&gt;Tatah paramavikranto'''Bahlika'''nkurunandanah..MBH 2.27.22&lt;/ref&gt; They are stated to have been located on the southern side of Kashmir as neighbors to the Ursa and Sinhapura kingdoms.&lt;ref&gt;Mahabharata, II.27.20-23&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A passage in the Ramayana attests that on the way from [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]] to [[Kekaya]], one had to pass through the country of Bahlikas, located somewhere in Punjab. This suggests that ancient Bahlikas had moved to and planted a settlement in Punjab.&lt;ref&gt;Ramayana II.54.18-19&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Geographical Data in Early Puranas, p. 120, Dr. M. R. Singh&lt;/ref&gt; This is also verified in the epic Mahabharata.<br /> <br /> This evidence suggests that there was another Bahlika country besides the one in Bactria.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}<br /> <br /> Dr. P. E. Pargiter points out that there was another Bahlika settlement in the plains of Punjab, alongside or south of Madradesa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pargiter_50&quot;&gt;The Puranas Text of the Dynastics of the Kali Age, p. 50, Dr. P. E. Pargiter&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;singh127&quot;&gt;Geographical Data in Early Puranas, p. 127, Dr. M. R. Singh&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===In Saurashtra===<br /> A third settlement of the Bahlikas is attested in western India as neighbors to the Saurashtras. The Ramayana refers to (''Saurashtrans.bahlikan.chandrachitranstathaivacha''). A similar expression is found in the [[Padma Purana]]: (''Surashtransa.bahlika.ssudrabhirastathaivacha''). These ancient references indicate that the Bahlikas lived as neighbors to the Saurashtras and the [[Abhira kingdom|Abhiras]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} According to the [[Puranas]], a branch of these people ruled in the [[Vindhya]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pargiter_50&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;singh127&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The ''Baraca'' of the [[Periplus]] is identified with the Bahlika of Sanskrit texts.&lt;ref&gt;Periplus, p. 74&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ethnic Settlements in Ancient India, p. 174.&lt;/ref&gt; The Puranas attest that a branch of the Bahlikas ruled near the [[Vindhyas]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Pargiter_50&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bahlika kings in legend==<br /> According to the [[Puranic]] traditions, ''Dhrshta'' was one of the nine sons of [[Manu (Hinduism)|Manu]]. From him came a number of clans called ''Dharshtakas,'' who were considered [[Kshatriya]]s. According to the [[Shiva Purana]], the Dharshtaka princes became rulers of Bahlika.<br /> <br /> The ''Satapatha Brahmana'' mentions a king named ''Bahlika Pratipeya,'' whom it calls Kauravya (=[[Kaurava]]).&lt;ref&gt;Satapatha Brahamana XII 9.3.3&lt;/ref&gt; It has been pointed out that this Kaurava king is identical with Bahlika Pratipeya of the Mahabharata.&lt;ref&gt;MBH V, 23.9&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;MBH 149.27&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1910, p. 52&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to the Mahabharata, the king of Bahlika was present at ''Syamantapanchaka'' in [[Kurukshetra]] on the occasion of a solar eclipse. The name 'Bahlika Desa' originates from the middle son of King Pratipa of Hastinapura, [[Bahlika (Mahabharata)|Vahlika]], who abandoned his paternal kingdom to live with his maternal uncle in Bahlika, eventually inheriting the kingdom. Thus, being older than King [[Shantanu]], Bahlika was the paternal uncle of Bhishma and predated him.<br /> <br /> The people of Balhika presented to [[Yudhishthira]] as a [[tribute]] ten thousand asses (donkeys), numerous [[blanket]]s of woolen texture, numerous skins of the Ranku deer, clothes made from jute and woven with threads spun by insects, and thousands of other clothes possessing the color of the [[lotus (plant)|lotus]], soft [[sheep]]-skins, sharp and long swords and scimitars, hatchets, fine-edged battle-axes, perfumes, and [[Gemstone|gem]]s of various kinds (2.50).<br /> <br /> Darada, the king of Bahlika, was the incarnation of Asura Surya. At the time of his birth, the earth was cleaved because of his weight (1.67), (2.43).<br /> <br /> The King of Bahlika presented to [[Yudhishtra]] a golden [[chariot]] yoked with four white Kamboja studs at the time of the Rajsuya ceremony (2.53.5).<br /> <br /> [[Karna]] fought with and vanquished the Bahlikas, along with the Kambojas of Rajpura, the Amvashthas, the Videhas, the Gandharvas, the fierce [[Kiratas]] of the fastness of Himavat, the Utpalas, the Mekalas, the Paundras, the [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalingas]], the [[Andhras]], the Nishadas, and the Trigartas (7.4.5-6).<br /> <br /> King Bahlika participated in the [[Kurukshetra War]]. The Mahabharata calls him a mighty (''mahabali'') king.&lt;ref&gt;''Bahlikan cha mahabalam : 5.155.33''.&lt;/ref&gt; Along with his son Somadatta and grandson Bhurisravas, King Bahlika participated in the Mahabharata war with one Akshauhini (division) army of Bahlika soldiers and sided with the Kauravas against the Pandavas. Bahlika and his grandson Bhurisravas were among the eleven distinguished Generals or Senapatis of the Kaurava army appointed by [[Duryodhana]].&lt;ref&gt;Mahabharata 5.155.30-33&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Remote Kurus-Bahlikas-Kambojas-Madras connection ==<br /> The Ramayana seems to localize the [[Uttarakurus]] in Bahlika country.&lt;ref&gt;Ethnic Settlements in Ancient India, p. 110&lt;/ref&gt; According to the text, Ila, son of Prajapati Karddama, king of Bahli (Bahlika) country, gave up Bahli in favor of his son Sasabindu and founded the city of Pratisthana in Madhyadesa. The princes of the Aila [[dynasty]] (which is also the dynasty of the Kurus) were called Karddameya.&lt;ref&gt;Ramayana, (Lahore Edition), Uttarakanda, 89-3-2, pp. 299-300, 309&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;cf: Ethnic Settlements in Ancient India, p. 110&lt;/ref&gt; The Karddameyas obtained their names from the river Kardama in [[Persia]] and therefore, their homeland is identified with Bahlika or Bactria.&lt;ref&gt;Studies in Indian Antiquaries, p. 234&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Geographical Data in Early Puranas, 1972, p. 123-24, Dr. M. R. Singh&lt;/ref&gt; This suggests that Bahlika or Bactria was the original home of the [[Kuru (kingdom)|Kuru]] clans.<br /> <br /> ''[[Vātsyāyana|Vatsyayana]]'' in his [[Kamasutra]] records a peculiar custom prevalent among the Bahlikas, where several young men marry a single woman in Bahlika country and in Strirajya.&lt;ref&gt;Kamasutra of Vatsyayana, p. 385&lt;/ref&gt; It is said in the Mahabharata that the Pandava brothers (i.e., [[Kuru (kingdom)|Kurus]]) were married to one woman, [[Draupadi]]. This suggests that the Kurus were originally from Bahlika, which was identified with [[Uttarakuru]] (Dr. M. R. Singh). Since Uttarakuru of the ''Aitareya Brahmana'' is said to lie beyond [[Himalaya]], Bahlika or Bactria is also beyond the Hindukush (i.e., Himalayan range).<br /> <br /> Besides the Kurus, the [[Madra]] ({{IAST3|Mādra}}; [[Help:IPA/Sanskrit|IPA/Sanskrit]]: {{IPA|sa|maːdɽɐ|}}) were also originally from around Bahlika, as suggested by the ''Vamsa Brahmana''&lt;ref&gt;Vamsa Brahmana 1.18-19.&lt;/ref&gt; of the [[Sama Veda]]. This text refers to one ''Madragara Shaungayani'' as a teacher of [[Aupamanyava Kamboja]]. Dr. Zimmer and the authors of the Vedic Index postulate a possible connection between the [[Iran]]ian [[Uttaramadras]] and the Kambojas. Both these groups were close neighbors in the northwestern part of ancient India.&lt;ref&gt;Vedic Index, I, pp. 84-85, 138&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aggarwal_50&quot;&gt;India as Known to Panini, 1953, p. 50, Dr. Aggarwal&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Some Kshatriya Tribes, p. 232, Dr. B. C. Law&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Singh_65_164&quot;&gt;Geographical Data in Early Puranas, pp. 65, 164, Dr. M. R. Singh.&lt;/ref&gt; According to Jean Przylusky, Bahlika (Balkh) was an Iranian settlement of the Madras, known as Bahlika-Uttaramadras.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aggarwal_50&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Singh_65_164&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;The Udumbras, Journal Asiatique, 1926, p. 11, Jean Przylusky, showing that Bahlika (Balkh) was an Iranian settlement of the Madras who were known as Bahlika-Uttaramadras&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the ''Aitareya Brahmana,'' the Uttarakurus and Uttaramadras are stated to live beyond the Himalayas (''paren himvantam'').&lt;ref&gt;Aitareya Brahmana, VIII/14.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> This suggests that in remote antiquity (the Vedic age), the (Iranian settlement of) the Madras was located in parts of Bahlika (Bactria)—the western parts of the Oxus country. These Madras were, in fact, the Uttaramadras of the ''Aitareya Brahmana'' (VIII/14).&lt;ref&gt;In accordance with the views of Dr. J. Przyluski, [[A. B. Keith]], [[A. A. Macdonell]], Dr. V. S. Aggarwal, Dr. M.R. Singh, Dr. J. L. Kamboj&lt;/ref&gt; However, in the 4th century BC, this Bahlika/Bactria came under Yavana/[[Greeks|Greek]] political control, and the land began to be referenced as ''Bahlika-Yavana'' in some ancient Sanskrit texts.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}<br /> <br /> Thus, the foregoing discussion suggests that the Uttarakurus, Uttaramadras, and Kambojas were all located beyond the Himalaya/Hindukush ranges. The Uttarakurus were likely in the northern parts of Bahlika, the Uttaramadras in the southern parts, and the Kambojas (=Parama Kambojas) to the east of Bahlika, in the [[Transoxiana]] region. The ancient Bahlika appears to have spanned a large expanse of territory. The commentator of the Harsha-Carita of Bana Bhatta also defines the Kambojas as ''Kambojah-Bahlika-Desajah,'' meaning the Kambojas originated in or belonged to Bahlika. Thus, it seems likely that in remote antiquity, the ancestors of the Uttarakurus, Uttaramadras, and [[Parama Kambojas]] were one people or closely allied and lived in or around Bahlika (Bactria).{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}<br /> <br /> ==Other references==<br /> ''Amarakosha'' makes references to the [[Saffron]] of Bahlika and Kashmira countries.&lt;ref&gt;Amarkosha, p. 159, Amarsimha.&lt;/ref&gt; Similar references to Bahlika saffron are also found in the 4th-century AD [[Raghuvamsa]] play by poet [[Kalidasa]]. ''Raghuvamsa'' states that saffron adhered to Raghu's horses, which they shed off by rolling on the banks of the Oxus before Raghu undertook to attack the forces of the [[Huna Kingdom|Hunas]] and the Kambojas located on either side of the Oxus.&lt;ref&gt;Raghuvamsa IV.67-70.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Brihat Samhita]] also references the Bahlikas and mentions them alongside [[Cinas]], Gandharas, Sulikas, [[Paradas|Paratas]], Vaisyas, etc.<br /> <br /> ''Kavyamimamsa'' by Rajshekhar (10th century AD) lists the Bahlikas with the Sakas, Tusharas, Vokanas, Hunas, Kambojas, Pahlavas, Tangana, Turukshas, etc., and states that they were tribes located in the Uttarapatha division.&lt;ref&gt;Kavyamimamsa, Ch. 17, Rajshekhar.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Buddhist]] play ''Mudrarakshas'' by Visakhadutta, as well as the [[Jain]] works ''Parishishtaparvan,'' refers to [[Chandragupta Maurya|Chandragupta]]'s alliance with a [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] king named [[Parvatka]]. This alliance provided Chandragupta with a composite army made up of the Yavanas, Kambojas, Sakas, Kiratas, Parasikas, and Bahlikas, as stated in ''Mudrarakshas''.&lt;ref&gt;History and Culture of Indian People, Age of Imperial Kanauj, p. 57, Dr. Pusalkar and Dr. Majumdar&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ancient India, 1956, pp. 141-142, Dr. R. K. Mukerjee&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Political and Social Movements in Ancient Panjab, 1964, p. 202, Dr. Buddha Parkash&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;The Culture and Art of India, p. 1959, p. 91&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Comprehensive History of Ancient India, Vol II, 1957, p. 4, Dr. K. A. N. Sastri&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The ''Sammoha Tantra'' speaks of the [[tantra|Tantric]] culture of foreign countries like Bahlika, Kirata, Bhota, Cina, Mahacina, [[Pahlavas|Parasika]], Airaka (Iraq), Kamboja, [[Hunas|Huna]], Yavana, Gandhara, and [[Nepal]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}<br /> <br /> ==As mlechcha kings in ''Kali Yuga''==<br /> The Bahlikas have been equated to [[Mlechcha]]s in later Sanskrit literature. There is a distinct prophetic statement in the Mahabharata that the mlechcha kings of the Sakas, Yavanas, Kambojas, and Bahlikas, among others, will lead an [[dharma|adharmic]] rule in ''[[Kali Yuga]]''. (3.188.34-36).&lt;ref&gt;MBH 3/187/28-30&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bahlika horses==<br /> ===Bahlika horses in Mahabharata===<br /> Like Kamboja, the Bahlika region was famous for its horses, which were used by kings in wars.<br /> <br /> *[[Krishna in the Mahābhārata|Vasudeva Krishna]] gave Arjuna hundreds of thousands of draft horses from the country of the Balhikas as part of his sister, [[Subhadra]]'s dowry (1,223).<br /> *[[Shikhandi]]n's son Kshatradeva used steeds from Balhika in the [[Kurukshetra war]] (7,23).<br /> *Bahlika breed horses were among those employed in the Kurukshetra war. Many steeds of the Vanayu, the hilly, the Kamboja, and the '''Balhika''' breeds, with tails, ears, and eyes motionless and fixed, possessed great speed, were well-trained, and ridden by accomplished warriors armed with swords and lances (7,34).<br /> *[[Bhagiratha]] gave away a hundred thousand horses of the Balhika breed, all white of complexion, adorned with garlands of gold (13,103).<br /> *[[Dhritarashtra]] wished to give sixteen cars made of gold, each drawn by four excellent and well-adorned steeds of uniform color and of the Bahlika breed, to Vasudeva Krishna, who came to talk to him on behalf of the [[Pandavas]] (5,86).<br /> <br /> ===Bahlika horses in other references===<br /> The Brahmanda Purana refers to the horses from Bahlika.&lt;ref&gt;Brahmanda (V), III, Upodghata-Pada, Ch. 16.17.&lt;/ref&gt; Similarly, the [[Valmiki]] Ramayana refers to the horses of Bahlika, Kamboja, and Vanayu countries as being of excellent breed.&lt;ref name=&quot;Valmiki Ramayana I.6.22&quot;/&gt; ''Upamitibhavaprapanchakatha'' singles out horses from Bahlika, Kamboja, and Turuksha as the best.&lt;ref&gt;Upamiti 474&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Majumdar_405&quot;&gt;History and Culture of Indian People, The age of Imperial Kanauj, p. 405, Dr. [[R. C. Majumdar]], Dr. A. D. Pusalkar.&lt;/ref&gt; The ''Abhidhanaratnamala'' also mentions examples of excellent horses from Bahlika, Persia, Kamboja, Vanayu, Sindhu, and the land bordering on Sindhu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Majumdar_405&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;II, No. 511, 284&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|24em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Tribes and kingdoms of the Mahabharata}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Ancient history of Afghanistan]]<br /> [[Category:Kambojas]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saavi_Ki_Savaari&diff=531528 2025-12-08T21:26:37Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: new redirect</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Colors TV]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chignon_(hairstyle)&diff=469013 2025-11-23T02:25:47Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Women's hairstyle}}<br /> {{multiple issues|<br /> {{more footnotes needed|date=March 2018}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=May 2018}}<br /> }}<br /> [[File:Chignon-jennadrudi.JPG|thumb|right|Chignon example]]<br /> A '''chignon''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|ʃ|iː|n|j|ɒ̃}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|ʃ|iː|n|j|ɒ|n}}, {{IPA|fr|ʃiɲɔ̃|lang}}), from the French ''[[wikt:chignon#French|chignon]]'' meaning a [[Bun (hairstyle)|bun]], is a [[hairstyle]] characterized by wrapped hair on the back of the head. In the United States and the United Kingdom, it is often used as an abbreviation of the French phrase ''chignon du cou'', signifying a low bun worn at the [[nape]] of the neck.&lt;ref name=&quot;lacey2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = What's the Difference Between a Bun and a Chignon? Plenty, Actually | url = http://www.bellasugar.com/Difference-Between-Bun-Chignon-20963791 | website = Bellasugar | date = 21 December 2011 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120109034015/http://www.bellasugar.com/Difference-Between-Bun-Chignon-20963791 | archive-date = 9 January 2012 | last = Lacey | first = Miriam}} Also available at ''[https://www.allure.com/story/the-difference-between-a-bun-a Allure]''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;rud2022&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine | title = The Chignon Is Making a Major Comeback, Here's How to Wear It | last = Rud | first = Melanie | url = https://www.realsimple.com/beauty-fashion/hair/chignon | date = 10 April 2022 | magazine = [[Real Simple]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ngo2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last = Ngo | first = Hope | title = The Difference Between A Bun And A Chignon Explained | url = https://www.thelist.com/178217/the-difference-between-a-bun-and-a-chignon-explained/ | website = The List | date = 3 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Chignons are generally achieved by pinning the hair into a knot at the nape of the neck or at the back of the head, but there are many variations of the style.&lt;ref name=&quot;life1954&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine | magazine = [[Life (magazine)|Life]] | title = Perched Hats on Buns: Diminutive caps cling to long, coiled-up hair | date = 27 September 1954 | page = 87 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yVQEAAAAMBAJ}}&lt;/ref&gt; They are usually secured with accessories such as [[Hair clip|barrette]]s or [[Hairpin (fashion)|hairpin]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;minden2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book | title = The Ballet Companion: A Dancer's Guide to the Technique, Traditions, and Joys of Ballet | chapter = Getting Started | pages = 28 | last = Minden | first = E.G. | date = 2007 | isbn = 9781416595717 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S-RuSzcrBnAC&amp;pg=PT48}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chignons are frequently worn for special occasions, like weddings and formal dances, but the basic chignon is also worn for everyday casual wear.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The chignon can be traced back to [[ancient Greece]], where [[Athenian]] women commonly wore the style with gold or ivory handcrafted hairpins. Athenian men wore the same style, but they fastened their chignons with a clasp of &quot;golden grasshoppers&quot;, according to ''[[The History of the Peloponnesian War]]'', by [[Thucydides]].{{ref}} The chignon was specific to [[Athens]], as other city states, such as [[Cyprus]] and [[Sparta]], had their own styles of hairdressing.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} The chignon was also popular in [[History of China#Ancient China|ancient China]], where married women wore the low, knotted hairstyle.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}<br /> <br /> Male writers of the [[Victorian era]], like [[Anthony Trollope]], were fond of poking fun&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/t/trollope/anthony/knew/chapter8.html|title=He Knew He Was Right|date=1869|author=Trollope, Anthony|access-date=13 April 2018|archive-date=29 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129095033/https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/t/trollope/anthony/knew/chapter8.html|url-status=dead}} Chapter 8.&lt;/ref&gt; at the perceived absurdity of the fashion, which was much in vogue in [[England]] in the 1860s. In the 1890s, the dancer [[Cléo de Mérode]] popularized the hairstyle in [[France]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v73mAAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=cleo+de+merode+uncle&amp;pg=PA1062|title = The Pennsylvania Gazette ...: Weekly Magazine of the University of Pennsylvania|year = 1916}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RTwpAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=cleo+de+merode+engaged&amp;pg=PA199|title = The American Telephone Journal|year = 1903}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lwhbAAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=cleo+de+merode+1915&amp;pg=PA234|title=Of Human Bondage|isbn=9780758317155|last1=Maugham|first1=William Somerset|year=1915}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Bun (hairstyle)|Bun]]<br /> * [[Cockernonnie]]<br /> * [[List of hairstyles]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> * {{cite web|url=http://www.demodecouture.com/hair/ |website=demodecouture.com|title=Bustle-era hairstyles}}<br /> * {{cite news|author=Cox, Caroline |author2=Leguen, Jean Marie|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/2003_36_mon_03.shtml |title=Chignon|date= 8 September 2003|publisher= BBC Radio 4|work= Woman's Hour|access-date= 29 April 2007}}<br /> * {{cite web|author=DeBrohun, Jeri|url=http://www.hyperhistory.org/index.php?option=displaypage&amp;Itemid=741&amp;op=page |title=Power Dressing in Ancient Greece and Rome|publisher=National Center for History Education|website=Commonwealth History Project|access-date= 29 April 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070211093831/http://www.hyperhistory.org/index.php?option=displaypage&amp;Itemid=741&amp;op=page|archive-date = 2007-02-11}}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070426145042/http://www.ukhairdressers.com/history%20of%20hair.asp &quot;History of Hair&quot;]. 2004. UKHairdressers. Accessed 29 April 2007.<br /> *{{cite news|author= Martin, Kiley|url= http://morbidoutlook.com/fashion/historical/2004_04_greekhair.html|title= Early Hairstyling of the Hellenistic Period in Ancient Greece|work= Morbid Outlook|access-date= 29 April 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120206233843/http://morbidoutlook.com/fashion/historical/2004_04_greekhair.html|archive-date= 6 February 2012|url-status= dead}}<br /> * {{cite web|author=Mayer, Tanna |display-authors=etal |url=http://www.wikihow.com/Style-a-Classic-Chignon-Hair-Style |title=How to Style a Classic Chignon|date= 28 March 2007|website= Wikihow|access-date= 29 April 2007}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{Wiktionary-inline}}<br /> <br /> {{Human hair}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:19th-century fashion]]<br /> [[Category:Hairstyles]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pangsau_Pass&diff=524172 2025-09-25T14:52:50Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: made initial article added tags - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Roads to Myanmar from Assam}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox mountain pass<br /> | name = Pangsau Pass<br /> | photo = Pangsau Pass.jpg<br /> | photo_caption = <br /> | elevation_m = 1136<br /> | elevation_ref = <br /> | traversed = <br /> | location = Part of [[Changlang district]] in [[Arunachal Pradesh]] on [[India–Myanmar border]]<br /> | range = [[Himalaya]]<br /> | map = Burma <br /> | map_caption = Location of the Pangsau Pass<br /> | map_size = <br /> | label = Pangsau Pass<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|27.2476|N|96.156|E|dim:1000_type:pass|display=inline,title}}<br /> | topo = <br /> }}<br /> {{External media|float=right|width=300px|video1=[http://karachi.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/qtmedia/Media/mackrell12.mp4 Making the road from Ledo (Stilwell Road); Pangsau Pass. 8:30min.] Filmed in 1942-43 by [[Gyles Mackrell]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://karachi.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/archive/films/mackrell12.html Centre of South Asian Studies - Mackrell Collection - Film 12] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120712075512/http://karachi.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/archive/films/mackrell12.html |date=2012-07-12 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> '''Pangsau Pass''' or '''Pan Saung Pass''', {{convert|3727|ft|m}} ({{langx|my|ပန်ဆေလမ်းကြောင်းာ}}) in altitude, lies on the crest of the [[Patkai]] Hills on the [[India–Myanmar border]]. The pass offers one of the easiest routes into Burma from the [[Assam]] plains.&lt;ref&gt;''Gazetteer of north-east India'', Govt. of India&lt;/ref&gt; The pass lies on the famous [[Ledo Road]] (Stillwell Road) and named after the closest village on Myanmar's territory, Pangsau, which lies 2&amp;nbsp;km east of the pass. India's undisputed [[List_of_extreme_points_of_India#Extreme_points|easternmost point]] [[Chaukan Pass]]&lt;!--NOTE: retain REDLINK to encourage article creation.--&gt; - east of [[Vijaynagar, Changlang|Vijaynagar]] in the [[Changlang district]] - lies northeast of Pangsau Pass.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> {{anchor | History }}<br /> {{see | Stilwell Road | North-east Indian railways during World War II }}<br /> <br /> === Early era ===<br /> <br /> During the 13th century, it was the frequently used route by [[Ahoms]], a [[Shan people|Shan]] tribe, for their arrival and settlement in [[Assam]] in India.{{fact|date=March 2020}}<br /> <br /> === British raj era ===<br /> <br /> The [[United Kingdom|British]] in the late 19th century looked at the pass as a possible railway route from India to [[Myitkyina]] in north Burma through the [[Hukawng Valley]], all of which were part of the [[British Empire]] at the time, but no railway was built.{{fact|date=March 2020}} In the 19th century, British railway builders had surveyed the Pangsau Pass, which is {{convert|1136|m|ft|abbr=off}} high on the India-Burma border, on the [[Patkai]] crest, above [[Nampong]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and [[Ledo, Assam|Ledo]], [[Tinsukia]] (part of [[Assam]]). They concluded that a track could be pushed through to [[Burma]] and down the [[Hukawng Valley]]. Although the proposal was dropped, the British prospected the [[Patkai]] Range for a road from [[Assam]] into [[Burma|northern Burma]]. British engineers had surveyed the route for a road for the first {{convert|80|mi|km|order=flip|-1|abbr=off}}. <br /> <br /> During [[World War II]] the pass became famous because of the [[Stilwell Road]] (Ledo Road) connecting British India to [[Nationalist Chinese]] forces fighting the Japanese in China. The pass was the large initial obstacle encountered by [[United States]] [[Joseph Stilwell|General Joseph &quot;Vinegar Joe&quot; Stilwell]]'s forces in their effort to build a land route to supplement [[The Hump]] air route (after the other land route, the [[Burma Road]] was lost to advancing Japanese forces).{{Citation |chapter=Chapter IX: The Foundations |title=Defeat into Victory |first=William |last=Slim |year=1956 |location=London |publisher=Cassel |pages=168–195}}<br /> <br /> The Stilwell Road began at [[Ledo, Assam]], the railhead, and passed through [[Tirap Gaon, Ledo|Tirap Gaon]], [[Lekhapani]], [[Tipong]], [[Jagun]], [[Jairampur]] (the [[Assam]]-[[Arunachal Pradesh]] boundary and beginning of Inner Line), and [[Nampong]] before [[Hairpin turn|switchbacking]] steeply upwards through densely forested hills to the pass, {{convert|12|km}} away. The distance from Ledo to Pangsau Pass is {{convert|61|km|mi|abbr=on}}. Because of the fierce gradients and the mud, which made getting up to the pass difficult, it was nicknamed &quot;Hell Pass&quot; during [[World War II|the war]].&lt;ref&gt;[[Donovan Webster]], ''The Burma Road''&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> === Present era ===<br /> <br /> The Pangsau Pass Winter Festival since 2007 is a 3-day joint India-Myanmar annual [[Global village (term)|global village]] event organized during the 3rd week of January every year in Nampong, [[Arunachal Pradesh]]. It showcases diverse cultures of Northeast India and Myanmar including folk songs, folk dances, arts, crafts, ethnic foods, and traditional sports, and culture of [[Tangsa Naga]] tribe. [[Tangsa_Naga#Culture|Tangsa Rongrand War dance]], Lungchang dance, [[Wancho_Naga#Culture|Wancho dance]], [[Bihu Dance]], and [[Cheraw dance|Bamboo dance]] performances are held.&lt;ref&gt;[https://nenow.in/north-east-news/arunachal-pradesh/pangsau-pass-winter-festival-going-beyond-frontier.html Pangsau Pass Winter Festival: Going beyond the Frontier], Northeast Now, 7 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Ledo Road]] (Stillwell Road)<br /> *[[Lake of No Return]]<br /> *[[Hukawng Valley]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://changlang.nic.in/ Changlang District]<br /> *[http://arunachaldiary.com/2009/01/pangsau-pass-winter-festival-2009-transcending-boundaries-2/ Pangsau Pass Winter Festival 2009-Transcending Boundaries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407110331/http://arunachaldiary.com/2009/01/pangsau-pass-winter-festival-2009-transcending-boundaries-2/ |date=7 April 2012 }}<br /> <br /> {{Mountain passes of India}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Mountain passes of Meghalaya]]<br /> [[Category:Mountain passes of Myanmar]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:India–Myanmar border crossings]]<br /> [[Category:World War II sites in Burma]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thari_(TV_series)&diff=454797 2025-08-28T07:15:07Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: expand content also and added references</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Thari serial.jpg<br /> | caption =<br /> | alt_name = Annalakshmi<br /> | native_name = <br /> | genre = Family &lt;br&gt; [[Drama]]<br /> | creator = <br /> | creative_director = <br /> | developer = <br /> | writer = <br /> | editor = {{plainlist|<br /> * Sathish<br /> * Balaji<br /> }}<br /> | director = {{plainlist|<br /> * S.N Shaktivel<br /> * Hafees<br /> }}<br /> | starring = Sreenithi &lt;br&gt; [[Mu Ramaswamy]] &lt;br&gt; [[Angana Roy]] &lt;br&gt; M. Farina Azad<br /> | opentheme = <br /> | endtheme = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | num_seasons = 1<br /> | num_episodes = 176<br /> | executive_producer = <br /> | producer = <br /> | cinematography = <br /> | runtime = 21–22 minutes<br /> | company = <br /> | network = [[Colors Tamil]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|2019|04|01|df=yes}}<br /> | last_aired = {{End date|2019|11|16|df=yes}}<br /> | related = <br /> }}<br /> '''''Thari''''' ({{Translation}}Loom) was a 2019 [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language family drama starring Sreenithi, [[Angana Roy]], [[Mu Ramaswamy]] and M. Farina Azad. The show replaces [[Ilayathalapathy]] and airs on [[Colors Tamil]] from 1 April 2019 to 16 November 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-serial-thari-to-narrate-annalakshmis-story/articleshow/67898933.cms|title=New serial Thari to narrate Annalakshmi's story|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=11 June 2022|date=8 February 2019|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/75707/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Thari-:-New-serial-in-Colors-tamil.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208104919/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/75707/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Thari-:-New-serial-in-Colors-tamil.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 February 2019|title=நெசவர்களின் வாழ்கை யை கூறும் புதிய தொடர் தெறி |publisher=[[Dinamalar]]|access-date=2019-02-08|language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://tamil.thehindu.com/cinema/tamil-cinema/article26671775.ece|title=நெசவுக் கலையின் மரபு |date=29 March 2019 |publisher=tamil.thehindu.com|access-date=29 Mar 2019|language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Synopsis==<br /> The story is about a girl, Annalakshmi (Sree Nithi), who belongs to the weaving community and how she overcomes problems around her.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-serial-thari-to-premiere-soon/articleshow/68616758.cms|title=New serial Thari to premiere soon|newspaper=The Times of India |date=28 March 2019 |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=28 Mar 2019|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> ===Main cast===<br /> * Sreenithi as Annalakshmi a.k.a. Annam − Kathiresan's younger daughter<br /> * [[Angana Roy]] → Shaliy Avinesh as Nakshatra − Dhruv's elder sister<br /> * Sabari Prasanth as Dhruv − Nakshatra's younger brother<br /> <br /> ===Recurring cast===<br /> * [[Mu Ramaswamy]] as Kathiresan − Annalakshmi's father<br /> * [[Farina Azad]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tv-host-farina-azad-bags-a-challenging-role-in-upcoming-serial-thari/articleshow/67869095.cms|title=TV host Farina Azad bags a challenging role in upcoming serial Thari|newspaper=The Times of India |date=7 February 2019 |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=7 Feb 2019|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; → Shilpa Martin as Vaani − Annalakshmi's 3rd elder sister<br /> * Jintha Ravi Shankar as Naayagam − Annalakshmi's uncle<br /> * Mithun as Vettukili<br /> * Suresh Chakravarthy as Kalaivaanan − Nakshatra's father<br /> * Harsha Nair<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{Colors Tamil shows}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Colors Tamil original programming]]<br /> [[Category:2010s Tamil-language television series]]<br /> [[Category:2019 Tamil-language television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-tv-prog-stub}}</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghulam_Ahmad_Ahrar&diff=500443 2025-08-22T22:29:45Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: adding new entry more to come</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Kashmiri religious scholar, orator, activist (1914–2004)}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | honorific_prefix = [[Maulana]]<br /> | name = Ghulam Ahmad Ahrar<br /> | image = &lt;!-- no image available --&gt;<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = {{circa|1914}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[British India]]<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|2004|08|25|1914|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = [[Srinagar]], India<br /> | occupation = Religious scholar, activist, orator<br /> | known_for = Founding member of [[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir|Jamaat-e-Islami Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> | organization = [[Jamaat-e-Islami]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Ghulam Ahmad Ahrar''' ({{circa|1914}} – 25 August 2004) was a Kashmiri religious scholar, orator, activist, and one of the founding members of the [[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir|Jamaat-e-Islami Jammu and Kashmir]]. He was involved in the early organizational development of the Jamaat and contributed to expanding its activities in the [[Jammu Division|Jammu region]].&lt;ref name=&quot;i233&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author=The Milli Gazette | title=The Milli Gazette, Subscribe, Read and Support | website=milligazette.com | url=https://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/01-15Dec04-Print-Edition/011512200452.htm | access-date=2025-08-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Ahrar was born in [[Shopian district]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[British India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;x816&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Dissent and Democracy | website=Greater Kashmir | date=2019-03-10 | url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/opinion/dissent-and-democracy/ | access-date=2025-08-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; He obtained his [[Islamic studies|religious studies]] in [[Punjab]], where he enrolled at Madarsa Nusratul Islam in [[Amritsar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;i233&quot;/&gt; During his time there, he was elected the first president of the institution's Jamiat Talaba (students' union). While studying, he came into contact with several noted South Asian Muslim leaders, including [[Ataullah Shah Bukhari]], Chaudhary Fazle Haq, [[Allama Muhammad Iqbal]], and [[Habibur Rehman Ludhianvi|Maulana Habibur Rahman Ludhianvi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;i233&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Activism ==<br /> Ahrar was involved in Jamaat-e-Islami since 1942 after he organized a [[religious gathering]] ([[ijtema]]) at Badami Bagh in Shopian in 1942, which is regarded as one of the earliest such events in the region and predates the first all-India ijtima of [[Jamaat-e-Islami Hind]] held at [[Pathankot]] in 1945.&lt;ref name=&quot;k895&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Jamaat-e-Islami properties worth ₹2.58 crore sealed in J&amp;K’s Shopian | website=Hindustan Times | date=2022-11-11 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/jamaateislami-properties-worth-2-58-crore-sealed-in-j-k-s-shopian-101668117361986.html | access-date=2025-08-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later in 1946 he along with other members established Jamaat-e-Islami Jammu and Kashmir. In 1958, he was tasked with organizing the party's network in the Jammu region. Over a period of nearly two years, he traveled to districts including [[Jammu District|Jammu]], [[Rajouri District|Rajouri]], [[Poonch district, India|Poonch]], [[Doda district|Dooda]], and [[Udhampur district]] to set up local branches and recruit members.&lt;ref name=&quot;i233&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In the 1970s, Ahrar served as district president of Islamabad (now known as [[Anantnag district]]), which at the time also included the areas of present-day [[Pulwama district|Pulwama]], [[Shopian district|Shopian]], and [[Kulgam district|Kulgam]]. He was later assigned to Pulwama.&lt;ref name=&quot;t130&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Life | first=Kashmir | title=An Amir Memory | website=Kashmir Life | date=2018-12-19 | url=https://kashmirlife.net/an-amir-memory-issue-38-vol-10-195501/ | access-date=2025-08-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In November 1998, Ahrar appeared alongside other activists of Jamaat-e-Islami, including Hakeem Ghulam Nabi and [[Sheikh Ghulam Hassan]], when Ghulam Mohammad Bhat, one of founders of the [[Muslim United Front]], publicly called for the organisation to function within the [[constitution of India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;p622&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Hussain | first=Masood | title=Jamaat Jammed | website=Kashmir Life | date=2019-03-13 | url=https://kashmirlife.net/jamaat-jammed-issue-50-vol-10-204516/ | access-date=2025-08-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ahrar died on 25 August 2004 in [[Srinagar]] after a prolonged illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;i233&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ahrar, Ghulam Ahmad}}<br /> [[Category:1910s births]]<br /> [[Category:2004 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Kashmiri people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Islamic religious leaders]]<br /> [[Category:Jamaat-e-Islami politicians]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian people]]<br /> [[Category:People from Shopian district]]<br /> [[Category:People from Pulwama district]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirohi_goat&diff=536175 2025-07-26T07:12:59Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: made new post</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian breed of goat}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox goat breed<br /> | name = Sirohi<br /> | image = Spotted Sirohi.jpg<br /> | image_size = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = Spotted Sirohi billies<br /> | status = {{ubl|[[FAO]] (2007): not at risk{{r|barb|page=59}}|[[DAD-IS]] (2021): not at risk{{r|dad}}}}<br /> | altname = <br /> | country = India<br /> | distribution = {{ubl|[[Rajasthan]]|[[Gujarat]]}}<br /> | standard =<br /> | use = [[goat's meat|meat]], [[goat's milk|milk]]<br /> | weight = <br /> | maleweight = 50 kg{{r|dad}}<br /> | femaleweight = 23 kg{{r|dad}}<br /> | height = <br /> | maleheight = 86 cm{{r|dad}}<br /> | femaleheight = 68 cm{{r|dad}}<br /> | type = <br /> | skincolour =<br /> | woolcolour = <br /> | facecolour =<br /> | horns = small back-curved horns in both sexes<br /> | beard =<br /> | tassels = usually present<br /> | note = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Sirohi''' is an Indian [[list of goat breeds|breed]] of [[domestic goat]]. It is named for its area of origin, the [[Sirohi district|Sirohi District]] of [[Rajasthan]], in north-western India. It may be described as a dual-purpose breed, reared for both [[goat's meat|meat]] and [[goat's milk|milk]] production,{{r|cabi|page=407}} or as meat breed.{{r|osman|page=68}} It is well adapted to the dry [[tropical climate]] of Rajasthan.{{r|osman|page=68}}<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> <br /> The Sirohi is believed to have originated in the [[Sirohi District]] of southern [[Rajasthan]], its principal area of distribution. Its range extends southward into the neighbouring [[Palanpur District]] of [[Gujarat]].{{r|cabi|page=407}}<br /> <br /> In 1972 a breed census found a total population of 295{{figure space}}000, of which more than 200{{figure space}}000 were breeding females.{{r|acharya}} The population reported to [[DAD-IS]] for 2013 was {{nobreak|1.82–3.08 million.}}{{r|dad}}<br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> '''Body size''': Sirohi goats are medium to large sized animals with compact cylindrical to conical body. Generally, cylindrical shaped animals are believed to be better meat producers while animals with conical body are considered good in milk production. Some adult animals may have a depression in the thoracic region, giving a saddle back appearance. The body is covered with fairly dense hair which is short and coarse. <br /> '''Coat colour''': Prominent colours are brown and brown with light to dark brown patches (spotted brown). Both, brown and spotted brown types are generally available in three shades of dark, medium and light. Very few animals are completely white. The body coat is generally shiny in nature, but some animals possess hairy coat also. <br /> '''Face''': Face of Sirohi goat is generally straight or sometimes slightly raised.<br /> '''Ear''': Ears are generally flat and leaf like, medium-sized and drooping type. They are described as pendulous, drooping downwards, leaf-like in shape with slight curvature towards back.<br /> '''Horn''': Both males and females have horns which are generally curved upward and backward with pointed tips; but other horn patterns are also seen. Some Sirohi animals without horn (polled) are also found. <br /> '''Tail''': Tail is small to medium in length and curved upward. <br /> '''Wattles and beard''': Some Sirohi animals have two wattles hanging from the neck and beard under the lower jaw. Indo-Swiss Goat Project (ISGP) study reported that wattles were present in about 30% of animals. True beard are also present in few animals.<br /> '''Udder conformation''': [[Udder]] is small and round, with small teats placed laterally. Some (6%) of the goats registered under the Indo-Swiss Goat Project (ISGP scheme were reported to have supernumerary teats.<br /> {{r|acharya}}<br /> <br /> == As livestock ==<br /> Sirohi/Ajmera goats are dual-purpose animals, being reared for both milk and meat. The animals are popular for their weight gain and lactation even under poor quality rearing conditions. The animals are resistant to major diseases and are easily adaptable to different climatic conditions specially in hot places . Though the main breeding tracts of Sirohi/Ajmera goats are situated in the [[Aravalli Range|Aravalli hills]] of Rajasthan, they are also widely distributed in several other Indian states.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sci-tech-and-agri/rearing-sirohi-goats-ideal-for-small-scale-farmers/article3225683.ece|title=Rearing Sirohi goats ideal for small scale farmers|date=1 June 2006|accessdate=29 November 2018|newspaper=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt; On average, 90% of all births will result in a single kid with the remaining 10% producing twins. Lactation can last for up to 90 days and average to 0.75–1&amp;nbsp;kg/day for a good does.<br /> <br /> ==Meat Production==<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{commonscat}}<br /> {{Reflist|45em|refs=<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=acharya&gt;R.M. Acharya (1982). [https://web.archive.org/web/20031113180555/http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/004/X6532E/X6532E03.htm ''Sheep and goat breeds of India'']. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 30. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Archived 1 February 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=barb&gt;Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201209/http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{ISBN|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=cabi&gt;Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). [https://books.google.com/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ ''Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding''] (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. {{ISBN|9781780647944}}.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=dad&gt;[https://fao-dadis-breed-detail.firebaseapp.com/?country=IND&amp;specie=Goat&amp;breed=Sirohi Breed data sheet: Sirohi / India (Goat)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed February 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=osman&gt;Osman Mahgoub, I.T. Kadim, E.C. Webb (2012). ''Goat Meat Production and Quality''. Wallingford: CABI. {{isbn|9781845938499}}.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Further reading ==<br /> {{ref begin}}<br /> * R.K. Mishra, C.L. Arora, R.N. Acharya (1980). [https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=IN19810609875 Breed characterization of Sirohi goat]. ''Indian Journal of Animal Sciences''. '''50''' (9): 717–720.<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Goat breeds originating in India]]<br /> [[Category:Goat breeds]]<br /> [[Category:Animal husbandry in Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Sirohi district]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Birju_Shah&diff=491866 2025-06-27T11:42:36Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: adding some article needs work</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian boxer (died 2022)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox sportsperson<br /> | name = Birju Shah<br /> | nationality = Indian<br /> | death_date = 4 September 2022<br /> | death_place = [[Jamshedpur]], [[Jharkhand]], India<br /> | sport = [[Boxing]]<br /> | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport | Men's [[Boxing]]}}<br /> {{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }}<br /> {{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}<br /> {{MedalBronze| [[1994 Asian Games|1994 Hiroshima]] | [[light flyweight]]}}<br /> {{MedalCompetition|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}<br /> {{MedalBronze| [[1994 Commonwealth Games|1994 Victoria]] | [[light flyweight]]}}<br /> {{MedalCompetition|[[National Games of India|National Games]]}}<br /> {{MedalGold| 1993&lt;br/&gt;1994 | [[light flyweight]]}}<br /> {{MedalBronze| 1997 | [[light flyweight]]}}<br /> {{MedalSilver| 1999 | [[light flyweight]]}}<br /> }}<br /> '''Birju Shah''' (died 4 September 2022) was an Indian International boxer who won silver and bronze medals for India in the [[Asian Games]] and [[Commonwealth Games]] in 1994-95, and medals in [[National Games of India|National Games]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-09-05 |title=Who Was Birju Shah? International Boxer Passed Away |url=https://satiknews.com/who-was-birju-shah-international-boxer-passed-away/ |access-date=2022-09-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=International boxer Birju Shah was doing security guard job, children had left studies |url=https://www.xetoofficial.com/international-boxer-birju-shah-was-doing-security-guard-job-children-had-left-studies/ |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=XETO OFFICIAL |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-09-04 |title=International boxer Birju Shah was doing security guard job, children had left studies - News8Plus-Realtime Updates On Breaking News &amp; Headlines |url=https://news8plus.com/international-boxer-birju-shah-was-doing-security-guard-job-children-had-left-studies/ |access-date=2022-09-05 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Biography==<br /> Birju Shah was born at [[Jamshedpur]], [[Bihar]] (now [[Jharkhand]]), India.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}<br /> <br /> Birju Shah represented [[India]] as a [[Boxer (boxing)|boxer]] and had won many [[Gold medal|Gold]], [[Silver medal|Silver]] and [[Bronze medal|Bronze]] medals for [[India]] in [[Asian Games|Asian]], [[Commonwealth Games]] and international championships. He won Bronze medal in Junior [[Asian Championship]]s in 1993. Birju won Bronze medals in both [[Asian Games]] and [[Commonwealth Games]] in 1994. Birju became the country's first boxer to win medals in both [[Asian Games]] and [[Commonwealth Games]]. He also won Gold medal in [[YMCA]] International Championship in 1996 and Bronze medal in International Invitational Championship in 1994 and 1998.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=From Jharkhand, then Bihar, to Hiroshima via Victoria -Story of India's deadly boxer Birju Sah |url=https://www.pixstory.com/story/from-jharkhand-then-bihar-to-hiroshima-via-victoria-story-of-india-s-deadly-boxer-birju-sah/47257 |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=Pixstory |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He had also won many medals in national level games played in the country. He won [[Gold medal|Gold]] (1993 and 1994), [[Silver medal|Silver]] (1999) and [[Bronze medal|Bronze]] (1997) in [[National Games of India|National Games]] and also won Gold medal in [[national championship]] in 1995, 1996 and 1998. He had also won Bronze medal in [[East India Open Championship]] in 2000.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}<br /> <br /> == Death ==<br /> Birju Shah died on 4 September 2022 at the age of 50 years, at [[Jamshedpur]], [[Jharkhand]]. He was suffering from [[Blood pressure|Blood Pressure]], [[Diabetes]] and [[liver]] related disease.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand News : अंतरराष्ट्रीय बॉक्सर बिरजू शाह का जमशेदपुर में निधन, खेल जगत में शोक |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/jamshedpur/international-boxer-birju-shah-passed-away-mourning-in-the-sports-world-grj |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=अंतरराष्ट्रीय बॉक्सर बिरजू शाह का जमशेदपुर में निधन |url=https://www.hindusthansamachar.in/Encyc/2022/9/4/International-boxer-Birju-Shah-passes-away-in-Jamshedpur.php |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=www.hindusthansamachar.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Birju}}<br /> [[Category:1970s births]]<br /> [[Category:2022 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male boxers]]<br /> [[Category:Light-flyweight boxers]]<br /> [[Category:Asian Games boxers for India]]<br /> [[Category:Boxers from Jharkhand]]<br /> [[Category:Sportspeople from Jamshedpur]]<br /> [[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in boxing]]<br /> [[Category:Boxers at the 1994 Asian Games]]<br /> [[Category:Medalists at the 1994 Asian Games]]<br /> [[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]<br /> [[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for India]]<br /> [[Category:Boxers at the 1994 Commonwealth Games]]<br /> [[Category:Medallists at the 1994 Commonwealth Games]]<br /> [[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists in boxing]]<br /> [[Category:Commonwealth Games boxers for India]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murli_Bhawara&diff=519205 2025-06-10T16:42:31Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | office = Member of the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | constituency = [[Bagli Assembly constituency|Bagli]]<br /> | term_start = 2023<br /> | term_end = <br /> | profession = Politician<br /> | predecessor = Pahad Singh Kannoje<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Murli Bhawara''' is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He is a [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]], representing [[Bagli Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bagli Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Bagli Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-election/bagli-constituency/ |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bagli assembly election results 2023: Bagli Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/madhya-pradesh/bagli-assembly-result-12174 |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> * [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bhawara, Murli}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{MadhyaPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suwasra&diff=538792 2025-05-09T02:01:22Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: made a post...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Town in Madhya Pradesh, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Suwasra<br /> | settlement_type = Town<br /> | pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|24.06|N|75.65|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Mandsaur District]]<br /> | established_title =<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = Nagar panchayat<br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br /> | area_rank = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 13,304<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|MP 14]]<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 458888<br /> }}<br /> '''Suwasra''' is a town and a Nagar Parishad in [[Mandsaur District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]], India.&lt;ref name=&quot;mandsaur&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://mandsaur.nic.in/%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81%e0%a4%b5/|title=तहसील और गाँव {{pipe}} जिला प्रशासन मंदसौर, मध्य प्रदेश शासन {{pipe}} इंडिया|website=mandsaur.nic.in|access-date=2024-05-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; It's also a [[Tehsil]] Headquarter And [[House of Assembly|Assembly]] Constituency.&lt;ref name=&quot;indiastatelections&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiastatelections.com/|website=indiastatelections.com|title=Live Parliamentary General Elections Lok Sabha Results 2024, Assembly Election Results 2019, 2014, 2009|access-date=2024-05-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> Suwasra is located at {{Coord|24.06|N|75.65|E|}}. It has an average elevation of {{cvt|508|m}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Suwasra.html | title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Suwasra, India }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> Suwasara town has population of 13,304 of which 6,754 are males while 6,550 are females as Census India 2011. The literacy rate of Suwasara city is 79.61% – higher than state average of 69.32%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/802214-suwasara-madhya-pradesh.html | title=Suwasara Nagar Panchayat City Population Census 2011-2024 {{pipe}} Madhya Pradesh }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Mandsaur District]]<br /> * [[Suwasra railway station]]<br /> * [[Suwasra Assembly constituency]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Ujjain Division}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cities and towns in Mandsaur district]]<br /> [[Category:Mandsaur district]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{MadhyaPradesh-geo-stub}}</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tula_(month)&diff=542058 2025-04-05T16:27:42Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: made new article...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Month in the Indian lunisolar calendar}}<br /> '''Tulā''' is one of the twelve months in the [[Hindu calendar|Indian solar calendar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Lochtefeld2002p19&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=sewell5&gt;{{cite book|author1=Robert Sewell|author2=Śaṅkara Bālakr̥shṇa Dīkshita|title=The Indian Calendar |url=https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich |year=1896|publisher=S. Sonnenschein &amp; Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich/page/5 5]–11, 23–29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Vasudeva Rao|title=Living Traditions in Contemporary Contexts: The Madhva Matha of Udupi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-utNEpTZWUkC |year=2002|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|isbn=978-81-250-2297-8|pages=48–53}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Tula corresponds to the zodiacal sign of [[Libra (constellation)|Libra]], and overlaps with about the second half of October and about the first half of November in the [[Gregorian calendar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Lochtefeld2002p19&quot;/&gt; In Vedic texts, the Tula month is called '''Issa''' (IAST: Issa), but in these ancient texts it has no zodiacal associations.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dershowitz2008p123&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Nachum Dershowitz|author2=Edward M. Reingold|title=Calendrical Calculations|title-link= Calendrical Calculations |year= 2008|publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-88540-9|pages=123–128}}&lt;/ref&gt; The solar month of Tula overlaps with its lunar month [[Kartik (month)|Kartika]], in Hindu lunisolar calendars.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Christopher John Fuller|title=The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=To6XSeBUW3oC|year=2004|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=978-0-69112-04-85|pages=291–293}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=sewell10/&gt; The Tula marks the end of monsoon harvests, a period of cooler autumn, a break before the winter crop, and many annual festivals and fairs set by the lunar cycle are observed in and about this part of the calendar across the Indian subcontinent. It is preceded by the solar month of [[Kanyā]], and followed by the solar month of [[Vṛścika|Vṛścik‌‌‌a]].&lt;ref name=sewell5/&gt; The sun, according to the Hindu texts, begins it southward journey and days begin to get shorter.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Robert Sewell|author2=Śaṅkara Bālakr̥shṇa Dīkshita|title=The Indian Calendar |url=https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich |year=1896|publisher=S. Sonnenschein &amp; Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich/page/9 9]–10, 149}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Tula month is called ''Aipassi'' in the Tamil Hindu calendar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lochtefeld2002p19&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=James G. Lochtefeld|title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M, N-Z (Vol 1 &amp; 2)|year=2002|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/19 19]|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/19}}&lt;/ref&gt; The ancient and medieval era Sanskrit texts of India vary in their calculations about the duration of Tula, just like they do with other months. For example, the ''Surya Siddhanta'', dated to c. 400 CE, calculates the duration of Tula to be 29 days, 21 hours, 26 minutes and 24 seconds.&lt;ref name=sewell10/&gt; In contrast, the ''Arya Siddhanta'' calculates the duration of the Tula month to be 29 days, 21 hours, 40 minutes and 48 seconds.&lt;ref name=sewell10&gt;{{cite book|author1=Robert Sewell|author2=Śaṅkara Bālakr̥shṇa Dīkshita|title=The Indian Calendar |url=https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich |year=1896|publisher=S. Sonnenschein &amp; Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich/page/10 10]–11}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Indian solar month names are significant in epigraphical studies of South Asia. For example, ''Tula'' month, along with other solar months, are found inscribed in medieval era Hindu temples.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=E Hultzsch|title=Epigraphia Indica|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MxE9AAAAYAAJ |year= 1906|publisher =Education Society Press|pages=6, 275}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Tula is also an astrological sign in Indian horoscope systems, corresponding to [[Libra (astrology)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Bangalore V. Raman|title=Studies in Jaimini Astrology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gW2DIFHrxfgC |year=2003|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|isbn=978-81-208-1397-7|pages=10–19}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Hindu calendar}}<br /> {{Nepali calendar}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Tula}}<br /> [[Category:Hindu solar months]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kacho_Sikander_Khan&diff=462108 2025-02-01T10:15:11Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: quick adjust structure for clarity and added references</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian writer (1917–2007)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox writer &lt;!--For more information, see [[:Template:Infobox Writer/doc]].--&gt;<br /> | name = Sikander Khan<br /> | honorific_prefix = Kacho<br /> | honorific_suffix =<br /> | image = Kacho Sikander Khan Sikander.jpg<br /> | image_size =<br /> | alt =<br /> | caption = A picture of a younger Sikander Khan<br /> | nickname = Sikander<br /> | birth_name = Sikander Khan<br /> | birth_date = 1917 &lt;!-- {{birth date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} --&gt;<br /> | birth_place = Yoqma Kharboo, [[Kargil]]<br /> | death_date = {{Death date|df=yes|2007|06|14}}<br /> | death_place =<br /> | resting_place = Zamstiang, Kargil<br /> | occupation = Public Servant<br /> | language =<br /> | nationality = Indian<br /> | education =<br /> | alma_mater = S.P College, [[Srinagar]]<br /> | period =<br /> | genre = &lt;!-- or: | genres = --&gt;<br /> | subject = History, folk songs<br /> | movement =<br /> | notableworks = ''Qadeem Ladakh - Tarikh-o-tamaddun'' (Urdu), Ladakh in the Mirror of her Folklore,&lt;!-- or: | notablework = --&gt;<br /> | spouse = Roqiya Begum&lt;!-- or: | spouses = --&gt;<br /> | children = 7 sons, 1 daughter<br /> | awards = Uttar Pradesh Urdu Academy Award<br /> | signature =<br /> | signature_alt =<br /> | years_active = 1978-2007<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kacho Sikander Khan Sikander''' (1917-2007) was an eminent [[India]]n writer from [[Kargil District]] of [[Ladakh]]. His work ''Qadeem Ladakh - Tarikh-o-Tamaddun'' is a major study of the history of Ladakh from the time people settled in the region up to the post-[[Indian independence movement|independent]] era.<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Sikander Khan belonged to the ''Gasho'' family of Chiktan. Born in 1917 he was the eldest son of Kacho Isfindyar Khan. His mother belonged to the family of the Raja Haider Khan of Tambis. There were no schools in his village so at the age of nine he was admitted to a school in the Kargil town so that he could get modern education. His father made him stay with a simple household, the ''Abaa pa'' of the Aba Grong, a small locality in the vicinity of [[Kargil]] town. When he was in the 9th standard, his father died, and he and his mother had to shoulder the responsibility of the family. After the death of his father, he had to leave his education half way and had to return to his native village. He was then married to Roqiya Begum, who belonged to the ''Wazir'' family of Pashkyum. Later, he studied at the [[Sri Pratap College|S.P College, Srinagar]] and then went to [[Amar Singh College]], Srinagar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Sikander|first= Kacho Sikander Khan|date=11 Feb 1987 |title= ''Qadeem Ladakh - Tarikh-o-Tamaddun'' |trans-title=Ancient Ladakh - History and Culture| chapter =Introduction |language= ur |location=Leh, Ladakh |publisher= Kacho Publishers }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> <br /> ===As a public servant===<br /> In 1947, due to the turmoil that followed the [[Partition of India]] and the [[First Kashmir War]] he could not sit for his B.A. exams. He came back to his village where he helped among others his brother Mehdi Ali Khan in keeping peace intact in the aftermath of the ongoing turmoil. Prior to that, he got appointed as a teacher at [[Leh]] in 1940. He had a good command over the [[Urdu]] and [[Persian Language|Persian]] languages. In the late forties, he gave up teaching after he was unable to return to Leh following winter vacation in his native village because of the occupation of Kargil by the [[Gilgit Scouts]] who had invaded the Ladakh region on behalf of [[Pakistan]]. Later, he joined the Kashmir Administrative Service and remained in government service for thirty-four years until his retirement.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Bredi |first=Daniela |title=History Writing in Urdu: Hashmatu'l-Lah Khan, Kacho Sikandar Khan Sikandar, and the History of the Kargil District |url=http://www.urdustudies.com/pdf/26/05BrediHistory.pdf |journal= The Annual of Urdu Studies |issue=26|publisher=Department of Languages and Cultures of Asia, University of Wisconsin, Madison |access-date=2014-08-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt; He served in the capacities of treasurer, Naib-Tehsildar and then became the Tehsildar. He was the ''Mohtamin-e-Bandobast'' at Srinagar and retired as an Assistant Commissioner in 1980 and returned to his village.<br /> <br /> ===As a writer===<br /> His first book, an Urdu translation of a Ladakhi epic of ''&quot;Nurboo Zangpo and iThoq Lhamo&quot;'' came out in 1978. It was published with the help of the Jammu and Kashmir Cultural Academy. He was awarded for this book by the [[Uttar Pradesh]] [[Urdu Academy, Uttar Pradesh|Urdu Academy]].<br /> [[File:Heastone of the grave of Kacho Sikander Khan.jpg|thumb|Grave of Kacho Sikander Khan at Zamstiang, [[Kargil]]]]<br /> <br /> His next book ''&quot;Qadeem Ladakh - Tarikh-o-Tamaddun&quot;'' (&quot;Ancient Ladakh - History &amp; Civilization&quot;) came out in 1987. For this book he collected all the previous works done on the history of Ladakh and added a critical and well researched view of his own. He discusses the ''&quot;Asaar-e-Qademaah&quot;'', folk songs and ''&quot;Dev Malas&quot;'' with great details. The books' introduction reads,{{centered pull quote|''He has picturised the events of the past in a fashion that the reader could easily get a panoramic view of the past of this region. He lay special stress on the importance of the cultural heritage and the Art and Literature of the bygone days.''}}<br /> He followed it up with a study on Ladakhi folklores in his third book entitled &quot;Ladakh in the Mirror of Her Folklores&quot; in the year 1997 which, after a broad survey of Ladakhi culture, included English translations and transliterations into Roman script of 100 Ladakhi folksongs.<br /> <br /> His fourth book, ''Afkaar-e-Parishan'', is an autobiography which also contains a number of Urdu poems. Sikandar Khan was pained by the erosion of Ladakh's traditional communal harmony, the deterioration of moral values and growing corruption in society. His autobiography sheds light on his views on these matters. He left one more text, Gachu Lha Brok, which is yet to be published. ''Gachu'' is the name of the ''broq'' (summer pasture) of Yokma Kharboo, the village where he spent his childhood. It has many features that are related to the epic [[Epic of King Gesar|Kesar Saga]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |journal=Ladakh Studies |date=July 2008|publisher=International Association for Ladakh Studies }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Later years==<br /> Later in his life, he acted as the patron of the [[International Association for Ladakh Studies]]. [[Tashi Rabgias]], a contemporary historian belonging to the neighboring Leh district, is now the only living patron after Sikander Khan's death.<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> Source:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Bray |first=John |title=Obituaries : Kacho Sikander Khan Sikander (1917-2007) |url=http://www.ladakhstudies.org/resources/Resources/Resources/LS22.pdf |journal=Ladakh Studies |date=July 2008 |publisher=International Association for Ladakh Studies |access-date=2014-09-04 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''Nurbu Zangpo and Ithoq Lhamo '' (1978)<br /> * ''Qadeem Ladakh, Taarik-o-Tamaddun'' (1987)<br /> * ''Ladakh in the Mirror of her Folklores'' (1997)<br /> * ''Afkaar-e-Pareshan'' (2004)<br /> * ''Gachu Lha Broq''( UNPUBLISHED)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Kacho Sikander}}<br /> [[Category:1917 births]]<br /> [[Category:2007 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Ladakhi people]]<br /> [[Category:People from Kargil]]<br /> [[Category:People from Ladakh]]<br /> [[Category:People from Kargil district]]<br /> [[Category:Himalayan studies]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Life_and_culture_of_Jat_people&diff=512157 2025-01-25T07:45:32Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: created redirect page</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Jats]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhringadutam&diff=491332 2024-11-06T16:14:12Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: made initial stub w/ infobox</p> <hr /> <div>{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}<br /> <br /> {{infobox book<br /> | name = भृङ्गदूतम्<br /> | title_orig = Bhṛṅgadūtam<br /> | translator = <br /> | image = Ramabhadracharya Works - Bhrngadutam (2004).jpg<br /> | caption= Cover page of Bhṛṅgadūtam, first edition<br /> | author = [[Rambhadracharya|Jagadguru Rambhadracharya]]<br /> | illustrator = <br /> | cover_artist = <br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | language = [[Sanskrit]]<br /> | series = <br /> | subject = <br /> | genre = Dūtakāvya (Messenger Poetry)<br /> | publisher = Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University<br /> | pub_date = 30 August 2004<br /> | media_type = Print (Paperback)<br /> | pages = 197 pp ''(first edition)''<br /> | oclc = <br /> | congress = <br /> | preceded_by = <br /> | followed_by = <br /> }}<br /> {{Rambhadracharya sidebar}}<br /> '''''Bhṛṅgadūtam''''' ({{langx|sa|भृङ्गदूतम्}}) (2004), literally ''The bumblebee messenger'', is a [[Sanskrit]] minor poem (Khaṇḍakāvya) of the Dūtakāvya (messenger-poem) genre composed by [[Rambhadracharya|Jagadguru Rambhadracharya]] (1950–). The poem consists of 501 verses in the [[Mandākrāntā]] metre divided in two parts. Set in the context of the [[Ramayana#Kishkindha Kanda|Kiṣkindhākāṇḍa]] of [[Rāmāyaṇa]], the poem describes the message sent via a bumblebee by [[Rāma]], spending the four months of the rainy season on the Pravarṣaṇa mountain in Kiṣkindhā, to [[Sītā]], held captive by [[Rāvaṇa]] in [[Lanka|Laṅkā]].<br /> <br /> A copy of the poem, with the ''Guñjana'' [[Hindi]] commentary by the poet himself, was published by the Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University, [[Chitrakoot district|Chitrakuta]], Uttar Pradesh. The book was released on 30 August 2004.&lt;ref&gt;Rambhadracharya 2004&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Narrative==<br /> [[Image:Rama Lakshmana Pravashana.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa on mount Pravarṣaṇa, the setup of Bhṛṅgadūtam]]<br /> [[Image:PlacesRelatedToRama.JPG|left|thumb|200px|The path of the bumblebee in Bhṛṅgadūtam goes through all the places associated with the Rāmāyaṇa.]]<br /> Like [[Meghaduta|Meghadūtam]] of [[Kālidāsa]], Bhṛṅgadūtam is divided in two parts. The first part is titled Pūrvabhṛṅgaḥ (literally, ''the earlier journey of the bumblebee'') and consists of 251 verses. The second path is titled Uttarabhṛṅgaḥ (meaning ''the later journey of the bumblebee'') and is composed of 250 verses. The actual message from Rāma is contained in 174 verses (2.71–2.245) of the Uttarabhṛṅgaḥ.<br /> <br /> ===Part I: Pūrvabhṛṅgaḥ===<br /> <br /> One day while residing on the Pravarṣaṇa mountain with [[Lakshmana|Lakṣmaṇa]], Rāma comes to a lake to perform the morning [[Sandhyavandanam|Sandhyā]]. After the ritual, Rāma chooses a bumblebee (''Bhṛṅga''), a manifestation of his mind, as his messenger (''Dūta'') to Sītā. Rāma asks the bumblebee to have a pilgrimage of the pure land of [[Bhārat Gaṇarājya|Bhārata]], before embarking on his journey to Laṅkā, saying the pilgrimage of this holy land absolves one of all sins. He asks the bumblebee to first visit [[Mithila (ancient)|Mithilā]], to take some dust for Sītā from her birthplace. After seeing all the vividly described people and places of Mithilā related to the events in the [[Ramayana#Bala Kanda|Bālakāṇḍa]] of Rāmāyaṇa, the bumblebee is instructed to see all the rivers, hermitages and forests en route to [[Ayodhya|Ayodhyā]], which are described in detail by the poet. In 75 verses, various places and people of Ayodhyā are described, and the bumblebee is asked to bow to each one of them. Then after seeing [[Bharata (Ramayana)|Bharata]] and [[Shatrughna|Śatrughna]] performing penance with their wives in Nandigrāma, the bumblebee is asked to fly over the route of Rāma's journey to Citrakūṭa as described in the [[Ramayana#Ayodhyā Kāṇḍa|Ayodhyākāṇḍa]] – the Śṛṅgaverapura kingdom of Guha; the confluence of the rivers [[Ganges|Gaṅgā]], [[Yamuna|Yamunā]] and [[Sarasvati River|Sarasvatī]] at [[Allahabad|Prayāgarāja]]; and finally Citrakūṭa are described in detail. The Pūrvabhṛṅgaḥ ends with the bumblebee asked to depart southwards from Citrakūṭa.<br /> <br /> ===Part II: Uttarabhṛṅgaḥ===<br /> <br /> In the initial part of the Uttarabhṛṅgaḥ, the places of the events starting from [[Ramayana#Aranya Kanda|Araṇyakāṇḍa]] are described. The poet presents the narrative of Rāmāyaṇa along with the directions Rāma gives to the bumblebee for his. The hermitages of various sages, whom Sītā, Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa met, are first described, leading to the banks of the river [[Godavari River|Godāvarī]]. The bumblebee is then instructed to see the locations of [[Jatayu|Jaṭayū]]'s liberation and the [[Ashram|Āśrama]] of [[Shabari|Śramaṇā]] (the Śabarī woman). The locations of [[Ramayana#Kishkindha Kanda|Kiṣkindhākāṇḍa]] come next – the description of the Ṛṣyamūka mountain, (where [[Hanuman|Hanumān]] and Rāma met) and other places in [[Kishkindha|Kiṣkindhā]]. Then the bumblebee is asked to fly further south over the kingdoms of [[Karnataka|Karṇāṭaka]], [[Andhra Pradesh|Āndhra]], [[Tamil Nadu|Madra]] and [[Kerala]] to Laṅkā. The bumblebee is asked to recognise Sītā in Laṅkā by her emaciated and weakened, yet lustrous, appearance.<br /> <br /> The message for Sītā, to be delivered by the bumblebee, starts at verse 71 of the Uttarabhṛṅgaḥ. The message first describes the pathos of separation. This is followed by an assurance about Rāma heroism, which will convince Sītā to hold on to her life till Hanumān arrives to Laṅkā with another message and a ring from Rāma. The message ends at verse 244 of the Uttarabhṛṅgaḥ, and the poem ends in the next six verses.<br /> <br /> ==Poetic features==<br /> <br /> ===Play on Sanskrit grammar===<br /> <br /> The work has several verses which deal with Sanskrit etymology, wherein the composer poetically explains derivations of names of characters and places of the Ramāyaṇa. Some examples are –<br /> <br /> Two origins of the word [[Urmila (Ramayana)|Ūrmilā]] and how they fit the character of Ūrmilā (1.120)<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> {{Col-begin}}<br /> {{Col-break}}<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;<br /> [[Devanagari]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> नो निर्वाति क्षणमपि सखेऽद्यापि नीराजनास्याः &lt;br/&gt;<br /> सत्याब्राह्मीस्थितिरिव सतो लक्ष्मणप्राणिकायाः । &lt;br/&gt;<br /> ऊर्मीर्लान्ती दयितजलधौ राम भक्तेर्लुनन्ती &lt;br/&gt;<br /> कूर्मीः क्रूराः भवभयभृतामूर्मिलेवोर्मिलैव ॥ &lt;br/&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> {{Col-break}}<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;<br /> [[IAST]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> no nirvāti kṣaṇamapi sakhe'adyāpi nīrājanāsyāḥ &lt;br/&gt;<br /> satyābrāhmīsthitiriva sato lakṣmaṇaprāṇikāyāḥ । &lt;br/&gt;<br /> ūrmīrlāntī dayitajaladhau rāma bhakterlunantī &lt;br/&gt;<br /> kūrmīḥ krūrāḥ bhavabhayabhṛtāmūrmilevormilaiva ॥ &lt;br/&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> The derivation (''Prakriyā'') of the word Lakṣmaṇa, and how it is apt for the character of Lakṣmaṇa (1.121) –<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> {{Col-begin}}<br /> {{Col-break}}<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;<br /> [[Devanagari]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> आरार्तिक्यं तव विगणयन्हर्तुमार्तिं जनानां &lt;br/&gt;<br /> सेवालक्ष्ये धृतशुचिमना लक्ष्मणोऽन्वर्थनामा । &lt;br/&gt;<br /> सम्प्रत्येश्यन्मयि च मनसो लोपयित्वानुबन्धं &lt;br/&gt;<br /> संज्ञासिद्धिं स्वभजनबहुव्रीहिकारं चकार ॥ &lt;br/&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> {{Col-break}}<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;<br /> [[IAST]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> ārārtikyaṃ tava vigaṇayanhartumārtiṃ janānāṃ &lt;br/&gt;<br /> sevālakṣye dhṛtaśucimanā lakṣmaṇo'anvarthanāmā । &lt;br/&gt;<br /> sampratyeśyanmayi ca manaso lopayitvānubandhaṃ &lt;br/&gt;<br /> saṃjñāsiddhiṃ svabhajanabahuvrīhikāraṃ cakāra ॥ &lt;br/&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> Suggestion of alternate names apt for Nandigrāma (1.153) –<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> {{Col-begin}}<br /> {{Col-break}}<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;<br /> [[Devanagari]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> क्रन्दिग्रामः किमु न करुणैः क्रन्दितै रामबन्धो- &lt;br/&gt;<br /> र्वन्दिग्रामः किमु न चरितैर्माण्डवीजानिगीतैः । &lt;br/&gt;<br /> स्यन्दिग्रामो भरतनयनस्यन्दिभिः किं न नीरै- &lt;br/&gt;<br /> र्नन्दिग्रामः प्रति विदधते चित्रमुत्प्रेक्षितानि ॥ &lt;br/&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> {{Col-break}}<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;<br /> [[IAST]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> krandigrāmaḥ kimu na karuṇaiḥ kranditai rāmabandho- &lt;br/&gt;<br /> rvandigrāmaḥ kimu na caritairmāṇḍavījānigītaiḥ । &lt;br/&gt;<br /> syandigrāmo bharatanayanasyandibhiḥ kiṃ na nīrai- &lt;br/&gt;<br /> rnandigrāmaḥ prati vidadhate citramutprekṣitāni ॥ &lt;br/&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> The meaning and Prakriyā of the word Gaṅgā, and how the name is apt for the name of the river (1.196) –<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> {{Col-begin}}<br /> {{Col-break}}<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;<br /> [[Devanagari]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> त्रातुं जीवान्प्रकृतिकुटिलान्घोरसंसारसिन्धो- &lt;br/&gt;<br /> र्या कौटिल्यं श्रयति गमनेऽप्यङ्गगङ्गन्ति गां च । &lt;br/&gt;<br /> डित्सामर्थ्याद्भमभिदधती प्रत्ययं नानुबन्धं &lt;br/&gt;<br /> गङ्गेत्याख्यानुगुणचरिता जुष्टपार्षोदरादिः ॥ &lt;br/&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> {{Col-break}}<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;<br /> [[IAST]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> trātuṃ jīvānprakṛtikuṭilānghorasaṃsārasindho- &lt;br/&gt;<br /> ryā kauṭilyaṃ śrayati gamaneऽpyaṅgagaṅganti gāṃ ca । &lt;br/&gt;<br /> ḍitsāmarthyādbhamabhidadhatī pratyayaṃ nānubandhaṃ &lt;br/&gt;<br /> gaṅgetyākhyānuguṇacaritā juṣṭapārṣodarādiḥ ॥ &lt;br/&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> Four origins of the word Grāma, and how they suit the village of Guha (1.202) –<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> {{Col-begin}}<br /> {{Col-break}}<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;<br /> [[Devanagari]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> ग्रामो रामो गत इत अतो ग्रामनामा सुधामा &lt;br/&gt;<br /> ग्रामो रामप्रतिमवपुषा श्यामशस्येन ग्रामः । &lt;br/&gt;<br /> ग्रामो रामामितगुणगणो गीयतेऽस्मिंस्ततोऽयं &lt;br/&gt;<br /> ग्रामो रामो रम इह मतो विग्रहैर्वेदसञ्ज्ञैः ॥ &lt;br/&gt; <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> {{Col-break}}<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;<br /> [[IAST]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> grāmo rāmo gata ita ato grāmanāmā sudhāmā &lt;br/&gt;<br /> grāmo rāmapratimavapuṣā śyāmaśasyena grāmaḥ । &lt;br/&gt;<br /> grāmo rāmāmitaguṇagaṇo gīyateऽsmiṃstatoऽyaṃ &lt;br/&gt;<br /> grāmo rāmo rama iha mato vigrahairvedasañjñaiḥ ॥ &lt;br/&gt; <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> Three origins for the word Kāmada, and how they fit the Citrakūṭa mountain (1.247) –<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> {{Col-begin}}<br /> {{Col-break}}<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;<br /> [[Devanagari]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> कं ब्रह्माणं मधुमथनमं मं महेशं नियच्छ- &lt;br/&gt;<br /> न्यच्छन्नृभ्यो मदमलपदाम्भोजसेवैकसेवाम् । &lt;br/&gt;<br /> द्यन्वै कामं शुभगुणहरं शात्रवं सज्जनानां &lt;br/&gt;<br /> भूतार्थे नोल्लसति ललितः कामदः कामदेन ॥ &lt;br/&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> {{Col-break}}<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;<br /> [[IAST]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> kaṃ brahmāṇaṃ madhumathanamaṃ maṃ maheśaṃ niyaccha- &lt;br/&gt;<br /> nyacchannṛbhyo madamalapadāmbhojasevaikasevām । &lt;br/&gt;<br /> dyanvai kāmaṃ śubhaguṇaharaṃ śātravaṃ sajjanānāṃ &lt;br/&gt;<br /> bhūtārthe nollasati lalitaḥ kāmadaḥ kāmadena ॥ &lt;br/&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> How the [[Sanskrit compounds|Samāsa]] ''Sītārāma'' is both ''Samānādhikaraṇa'' and ''Vyadhikaraṇa'' (2.234) –<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> {{Col-begin}}<br /> {{Col-break}}<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;<br /> [[Devanagari]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> दम्पत्योर्नौ विलसतितमां रूपतश्चात्रभेदो &lt;br/&gt;<br /> भावो भामे भुवनभवनौ विद्युदब्दोपमानौ । &lt;br/&gt;<br /> सीतारामाविति समुदितौ द्वन्द्वरीत्या नृलोके &lt;br/&gt;<br /> सीतारामो व्यधिकरणतस्तत्पुमान्वा समानः ॥ &lt;br/&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> {{Col-break}}<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;<br /> [[IAST]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> dampatyornau vilasatitamāṃ rūpataścātrabhedo &lt;br/&gt;<br /> bhāvo bhāme bhuvanabhavanau vidyudabdopamānau । &lt;br/&gt;<br /> sītārāmāviti samuditau dvandvarītyā nṛloke &lt;br/&gt;<br /> sītārāmo vyadhikaraṇatastatpumānvā samānaḥ ॥ &lt;br/&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Comparison with other Sanskrit Dūtakāvyas==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:1em auto; text-align:centr;&quot;<br /> |+ Some features of the epic compared with previous Dūtakāvyas<br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; | Poem<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Composer<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Metre<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Parts<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Verses (poem)<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Verses (message)<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Messenger<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Sender<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Recipient <br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Messenger's journey<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Meghadūtam <br /> | Kālidāsa <br /> | Mandākrāntā<br /> | 2<br /> | 114 <br /> | 12<br /> | A cloud<br /> | An unnamed [[Yaksha|Yakṣa]]<br /> | An unnamed Yakṣī<br /> | Rāmādri to [[Kailash|Kailāsa]] (Central and Northern India)<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Hamsa-Sandesha|Haṃsasandeśaḥ]] <br /> | [[Vedanta Desika|Vedāntadeśikācārya]] <br /> | Mandākrāntā<br /> | 2<br /> | 110 <br /> | 16<br /> | A swan<br /> | Rāma<br /> | Sītā<br /> | [[Pampa Sarovar|Pampā]] lake to Laṅkā (Southern India)<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Haṃsadūta]]m <br /> | [[Rupa Goswami|Śrīla Rūpagosvāmī]] <br /> | Śikhariṇī<br /> | 1<br /> | 142 <br /> | 75<br /> | A swan<br /> | Lalitā, a companion of [[Radha|Rādhā]]<br /> | [[Krishna|Kṛṣṇa]]<br /> | Vraja to [[Mathura|Mathurā]] (Northern India)<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Bhṛṅgadūtam <br /> | Rāmabhadrācārya<br /> | Mandākrāntā<br /> | 2<br /> | 501 <br /> | 174<br /> | A bumblebee<br /> | Rāma<br /> | Sītā<br /> | Pravarṣaṇa to Laṅkā, via Mithilā, Ayodhyā, Citrakūṭa and [[Dandakaranya|Daṇḍakāraṇya]] (Northern, Central and Southern India)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{cite book | title = Bhṛṅgadūtam (Saṃskṛta Khaṇḍakāvyam) |trans-title=Bhṛṅgadūtam (A Sanskrit minor poem) | first=Swami | last=Rambhadracharya | author-link=Jagadguru Rambhadracharya | publisher=Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Vikalang Vishvavidyalaya | place=Chitrakuta, Uttar Pradesh, India | date=30 August 2004 }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/pdfs/JR2004Bhrngadutam.pdf A Sanskrit only manuscript of the work]<br /> * [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/pdfs/JR2004BhrngadutamErrata.pdf A list of errata in the published version]<br /> <br /> {{Jagadguru Rambhadracharya}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:21st-century Sanskrit literature]]<br /> [[Category:Sanskrit poetry]]<br /> [[Category:Works by Rambhadracharya]]</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=A._Sakunthala&diff=466173 2024-04-29T11:55:43Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: added info</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[C. I. D. Sakunthala]]<br /> <br /> {{Redirect category shell|<br /> {{R from move}}<br /> }}</div>

JohannaBuckley https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuirial_Dam&diff=542043 2024-03-28T18:03:17Z

<p>JohannaBuckley: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox dam<br /> | name = Turial Dam<br /> | name_official = <br /> | image =Tuirial dam.jpg<br /> | image_size = 300<br /> | image_caption = Tuirial dam<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | location_map = India<br /> | location_map_size = <br /> | location_map_caption = <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|24|21|23.41|N|92|53|09.69|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | location = Tuirial<br /> | status = <br /> | construction_began = 1998<br /> | opening = 2017<br /> | demolished =<br /> | cost =<br /> | owner =<br /> | dam_type = Embankment, earth-fill<br /> | dam_height = {{Convert|74|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<br /> | dam_height_thalweg =<br /> | dam_height_foundation=<br /> | dam_length = {{Convert|700|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<br /> | dam_width_crest =<br /> | dam_width_base =<br /> | dam_volume =<br /> | dam_elevation_crest =<br /> | dam_crosses = [[Tuirial River]] also known as [[River Sonai]]<br /> | spillway_count =<br /> | spillway_type =<br /> | spillway_capacity =<br /> | res_name =<br /> | res_capacity_total =<br /> | res_capacity_active =<br /> | res_capacity_inactive=<br /> | res_catchment = 1860 km<br /> | res_surface =<br /> | res_elevation =<br /> | res_max_depth =<br /> | res_max_length =<br /> | res_max_width =<br /> | res_tidal_range =<br /> | plant_operator =<br /> | plant_commission = 2016-2017 (est.)<br /> | plant_decommission =<br /> | plant_type =<br /> | plant_turbines = 2 x 30 [[megawatt|MW]] [[Francis-type]]<br /> | plant_capacity = 60 MW<br /> | plant_annual_gen =<br /> | website =<br /> | extra =<br /> }}<br /> '''Tuirial dam''' is an [[dam#Earth-fill dams|earthfill]] and [[dam#Gravity dams|gravity]] dam on the [[River Sonai]] near [[Kolasib]] in the state of [[Mizoram]] in [[India]]. The primary purpose of the dam is [[hydroelectric]] power production. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved the 60 MW Tuirial Hydro Electric Project (THEP) project costing Rs 913 crore in 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Revised Cost Estimates of Tuirial Hydro Electric Project (60 MW) in Mizoram-Restarting of project works by NEEPCO|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=68790|publisher=Press Information Bureau Government of India|accessdate=13 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The project was inaugurated by [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] (using a remote control from AR Ground) on 16 December 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=PM Modi inaugurates Tuirial hydropower project, says Mizoram is power-surplus state|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-modi-inaugurates-tuirial-hydropower-project-says-mizoram-is-power-surplus-state/story-RvSQLyHREstFlz6FP1nZAN.html|accessdate=17 December 2017|agency=PTI|publisher=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Technical Features==<br /> Tuirial Hydel Project is the 2nd largest earthen dam and the largest in India. The height of the dam is 75 Metres. The dam has 3 split gates, 2 Turbine and 2 tunnel. Tuirial Hydel Dam has two 30MW [[Francis turbine|Francis Turbine]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=TUIRIAL HYDEL PROJECT HMAN THEIHIN PEIH HNAI|url=https://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/press-release/tuirial-hydel-project-hman-theihin-peih-hnai|accessdate=10 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The dam is estimated to produce 250 million units of electrical energy every year.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Mizoram becomes third power-surplus state in NE: PM Modi|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/modi-inaugurates-hydroelectric-power-project-in-mizoram/article9995231.ece|accessdate=17 December 2017|agency=PTI}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> [[File:Tuirial under construction.jpg|thumb|left|River diversion tunnels]]<br /> Construction of 60 MW hydroelectric power station began in 1998 by [[NEEPCO]] but was halted in 2004 by the Tuirial Crop Compensation Claimant Association of which the [[Mizo National Front]] then Chief Minister [[Pu Zoramthanga]]'s relatives figured among nine people named in [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] charge sheet.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Mizoram Tuirial Project Scam, CBI Names Nine People|url=http://www.northeasttoday.in/our-states/mizoram/mizoram-tuirial-project-scam-cbi-names-nine-people/|accessdate=13 August 2012|newspaper=The Northeast Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; When [[Pu Lalthanhawla]], who had started the project came back in power, he took initiatives to restart the project. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved the 60 MW Tuirial Hydro Electric Project (THEP) project costing Rs 913 crore in 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Revised Cost Estimates of Tuirial Hydro Electric Project (60 MW) in Mizoram-Restarting of project works by NEEPCO|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=68790|publisher=Press Information Bureau Government of India|accessdate=13 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{stack|{{Portal|Water|Renewable energy}}}}<br /> {{Hydrography of Mizoram}}<br /> {{Mizoram}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Mizoram]]<br /> [[Category:Dams in Mizoram]]<br /> [[Category:Dams completed in 2017]]<br /> [[Category:2017 establishments in Mizoram]]<br /> [[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 2017]]</div>

JohannaBuckley