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Universal Destinations & Experiences

2026-05-30T13:54:25Z

JoannaCostantino: New...

{{Short description|Theme park division of NBCUniversal}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Universal Destinations & Experiences
| former_name = Universal Parks & Resorts
| logo = Universal Destinations and Experiences Logo.png
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| key_people = Mark Woodbury ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])
| industry = [[Amusement park|Theme park]]
| owner = [[Comcast]]
| num_employees = 29,000 (2024)
| services = [[Theme parks]], [[hotel|hotel lodging]], travel packages, attraction design, [[licensing]], [[Hotel]]s, [[entertainment]], [[Resort]]s
| locations = 5
| area_served = [[China]], [[Japan]], [[Singapore]], [[United States]]
| parent = [[NBCUniversal]]
| subsid = [[Universal Studios Hollywood]]<ref name="themeparks.universalstudios.com"/> [[Universal Orlando|Universal Orlando Resort]]<ref name="themeparks.universalstudios.com">{{Official website|http://themeparks.universalstudios.com}}</ref> [[Universal Studios Japan]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-28/comcast-to-buy-rest-of-universal-studios-japan-for-2-3-billion|title=Comcast to Buy Rest of Universal Studios Japan for $2.3 Billion|date=February 28, 2017|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]]}}</ref> [[Universal Studios Singapore]] [[Universal Beijing|Universal Beijing Resort]] [[Universal Kids Resort]] [[Universal Horror Unleashed]] [[Universal Creative]]<ref name="themeparks.universalstudios.com"/>
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1964|07|15}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://micechat.com/74308-universal-studios-hollywood-tram-tour-50-years-old/|title=Congratulations Universal Studios Hollywood Tram Tour 50 Years Old Today|work=MiceChat|date=2014-07-15|access-date=2016-03-29}}</ref>
| location = [[Orlando, Florida]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.customerservicetollfreenumbers.com/universal-parks-and-resorts-corporate-headquarters-office-hq-address-phone-number/|title=Customer Service Toll Numbers|date=2018-03-25}}</ref>
| homepage = {{Official URL}}
}}

'''Universal Destinations & Experiences'''{{efn|Also referred to as '''Universal Studios Theme Parks''' or '''Universal Theme Parks'''}} ('''UD&X'''),<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.nbcuniversal.com/article/universal-studios-hollywood-reissues-iconic-glamor-trams-world-renowned-studio-tour-celebrates |title= Universal Studios Hollywood Reissues Iconic Glamor Trams as World-Renowned Studio Tour Celebrates a Milestone 60 Years with New and Nostalgic Enhancements |date= April 2, 2024 |access-date= July 4, 2024 |publisher= NBCUniversal Media, LLC}}</ref> formerly '''Universal Parks & Resorts''', is the [[theme park]] unit of [[NBCUniversal]], a subsidiary of [[Comcast]].<ref>Lieberman, David. [https://deadline.com/2013/03/comcast-completes-acquisition-nbcuniversal-457181/ "Comcast Completes Acquisition Of GE's 49% Stake In NBCUniversal."] ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'' (March 19, 2013)</ref>

The company, headquartered in [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]], [[Florida]] operates Universal theme parks and resort properties around the world. Universal Destinations & Experiences is widely known for its wide range of attractions, themed lands, and other experiences that draw inspiration from popular classic and modern [[popular culture|pop culture]] icons and [[intellectual properties]] in various media, both from NBCUniversal and [[List of properties at Universal Destinations & Experiences|third-party companies]] across all Universal parks.

== History ==
The origins of Universal Destinations & Experiences date back to the 1910s, beginning as a studio tour at the [[Universal Studios Lot]] in [[Universal City, California|Universal City]], California, before expanding into themed entertainment and resort destinations worldwide. In 1915, [[Carl Laemmle]] allowed the public to enter Universal City and observe films in production for a 25-cent admission fee, representing the first step to the theme park attractions that would later develop.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Universal Studios Hollywood - History |url=https://www.thestudiotour.com/wp/studios/universal-studios-hollywood/universal-studios-hollywood-history/ |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=theStudioTour.com}}</ref> By the early 1960s, studio tours run by tour bus companies had become a recurring attraction.<ref name=":0" />

In 1964, [[Universal Studios Hollywood]] formalized the Studio Tour as an organized visitor experience, with purpose-built trams, parking, and food facilities. The tours offered guests a behind-the-scenes look at motion picture production, setting the stage for the park's gradual expansion into a full-fledged theme park. Its success paved the way for additional parks in Florida and overseas.

In 2024, approximately 59 million guests visited Universal Studios theme parks, making it the fourth largest amusement park operator in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Insight |first=Attraction |date=2025-10-23 |title=Disney Maintains Global Theme Park Attendance Lead as Universal Sees Decline in 2024 |url=https://attractioninsight.com/news/disney-maintains-global-theme-park-attendance-lead-as-universal-sees-decline-in-2024/ |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=Attraction Insight}}</ref> The company operates four theme parks in the United States — Universal Studios Hollywood and the three parks at [[Universal Orlando|Universal Orlando Resort]] — as well as parks in [[Universal Studios Japan|Japan]] and [[Universal Studios Beijing|Beijing]]. Its brand is licensed for [[Universal Studios Singapore]]. The Orlando Resort also includes the [[Universal Volcano Bay]] water park. Two additional Universal theme parks are currently under development: [[Universal Kids Resort]], scheduled to open in May 2026, and [[Universal United Kingdom|Universal Studios Great Britain]], planned for 2031.

On March 8, 2023, Universal Parks & Resorts announced it was rebranding as Universal Destinations & Experiences.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-08 |title=Universal Parks & Resorts Rebrands to Become Universal Destinations & Experiences - Universal Destinations & Experiences |url=https://corporate.universaldestinationsandexperiences.com/universal-destinations-experiences-announcement/ |access-date=2026-01-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-08 |title=Universal theme parks division gets new name in rebranding |url=https://apnews.com/article/universal-theme-park-name-change-e97a3ab13a9083d5111ecb9615656a15 |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=AP News}}</ref> The company's newest theme park, [[Universal Epic Universe]], opened in May 2025.

==Current theme parks==
{{location map+|Earth
|float=center
|width=775
|caption=
{{center|Locations of Universal resorts across the world — [[File:Green pog.svg|8px]] Parks are opened, [[File:Red pog.svg|8px]] Parks are in progress of build, [[File:Blue pog.svg|8px]] Owned by [[Genting Group]], licensed from NBCUniversal}}
|places=
{{Location map~|Earth|position=top|lat=34.136518|long=-118.356051|label='''[[Universal Studios Hollywood]]''' |mark=Green pog.svg
}}
{{Location map~|Earth|position=top|lat=28.4752|long=-81.4670|label='''[[Universal Orlando|Universal Orlando Resort]]''' |mark=Green pog.svg
}}
{{Location map~|Earth|position=right|lat=34.664722|long=135.433056|label='''[[Universal Studios Japan]]''' |mark=Green pog.svg
}}
{{Location map~|Earth|position=bottom|lat=1.254|long=103.824|label='''[[Universal Studios Singapore]]''' |mark=Blue pog.svg
}}
{{Location map~|Earth|position=left|lat=39.85522|long=116.673689|label='''[[Universal Beijing|Universal Beijing Resort]]'''|mark=Green pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|Earth|position=bottom|lat=33.192469|long=-96.833137|label='''[[Universal Kids Resort]]'''|mark=Red pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|Earth|position=top|lat=52.136436|long=-0.460739|label='''[[Universal United Kingdom|Universal Studios Great Britain]]'''|mark=Red pog.svg}}
}}

===Universal Studios Hollywood===
{{Main|Universal Studios Hollywood}}
Universal Studios Hollywood became the first Universal Studios theme park when it opened its doors on July 15, 1964, long after it was originated as a [[Studio Tour|studio tour]] in 1915, after the Universal original founder, [[Carl Laemmle]], opened [[Universal City, California]] near [[Los Angeles]]. In May 1993, [[Universal CityWalk]] opened outside the gates of the theme park, featuring 65 entertainment-themed restaurants, nightclubs, shops, and entertainment spots. It also contains Universal Cinema operated by [[AMC Theatres]], offering 19 screens including an IMAX Theatre and stadium-style seating. Approximately {{convert|415|acre|ha}} is within and around the surrounding area of Universal City, including its theme park and the film studio adjacent nearby.

===Universal Orlando Resort===
{{Main|Universal Orlando}}

Universal Orlando Resort (formerly called Universal Studios Florida) opened to the public on June 7, 1990, in [[Orlando, Florida]], starting with [[Universal Studios Florida]]. It features themed areas and attractions based on the film industry.

On May 28, 1999, the [[Universal Islands of Adventure]] theme park was opened, featuring various themed islands emphasizing adventures and characters embodied in the attractions, and expanded Universal Orlando into a family vacation resort. Simultaneously, [[Universal CityWalk]] was added to accommodate the guests within the resort leading to the two parks. [[Loews Hotels|Loews]] Portofino Bay Hotel opened at Universal Orlando Resort in September 1999, followed by Hard Rock Hotel in December 2000, Loews Royal Pacific Resort in February 2001, Universal's Cabana Bay Beach Resort on March 31, 2014, Loews Sapphire Falls Resort on July 7, 2016, and Universal's Aventura Hotel on August 16, 2018.

In 1998, Universal Orlando acquired [[Wet 'n Wild Orlando|Wet 'n Wild Water Park]] (founded in 1977 by [[SeaWorld]] founder [[George Millay]]) and was the company's main water park until it closed on December 31, 2016, where it was replaced by another water park Universal Volcano Bay, which opened on May 25, 2017. Universal Volcano Bay is adjacent to Islands of Adventure, and Universal refers to it as its third theme park. The new water park consists of 18 attractions, including slides, two lazy rivers and raft rides. The park includes two volcano themed rides: the Ko'okiri Body Plunge, a 70-degree-angle, 125-foot water slide;<ref name="Kelly">{{Cite news|url=http://www.wftv.com/news/local/universals-volcano-bay-water-park-set-to-open/526365532|title=Volcano Bay: Universal Orlando opens new water park|last=Kelly|first=Jason|date=May 25, 2017|website=[[WFTV]]|publisher=[[Cox Media Group]]|access-date=May 25, 2017}}</ref> and the Krakatau Aqua Coaster, a canoe ride rapidly traveling among the peaks and valleys of the central volcano in the park.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.clickorlando.com/theme-parks/volcano-bay-water-park-opens-today|title=Volcano Bay water park opens|last=Speck|first=Emilee|date=May 25, 2017|website=[[WKMG-TV]]|publisher=[[Graham Media Group]]|access-date=May 25, 2017}}</ref> The park uses a [[Virtual queue|virtual queuing system]] for most of the attractions, working off of a wristband each guest receives when they enter the park called Taputapu.<ref name="Kelly"/> On the former site of Wet 'n Wild, Universal built two new hotels: [[Universal's Endless Summer Resort]] – Dockside, and Universal's Endless Summer Resort – Surfside.

On August 1, 2019, Universal announced [[Universal Epic Universe]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-01 |title=Epic Universe theme park is coming to Orlando, ramping up Universal's battle with Disney |url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2019/08/01/epic-universe-theme-park-is-coming-to-orlando-ramping-up-universals-battle-with-disney/ |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=Orlando Sentinel}}</ref> a third theme park addition to the Orlando resort. The company later announced the park guests would enter the park through Celestrial Park, which would be the gateway to the four additional worlds of Epic Universe: [[Super Nintendo World]], [[The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Orlando Resort)#Phase 3: Universal Epic Universe|The Wizarding World of Harry Potter – Ministry of Magic]], [[How to Train Your Dragon: Isle of Berk]], and Dark Universe, based on the classic [[Universal Monsters]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-30 |title=Universal Orlando Resort Shares First Official Look and Details About Its Highly Anticipated New Theme Park, Universal Epic Universe |url=https://media.universalparksusa.com/press-releases/universal-orlando-resort-shares-first-official-look-and-details-about-its-highly-anticipated-new-theme-park-universal-epic-universe/ |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=Press Releases, Photos and Media Kits for Universal Orlando Resort™}}</ref> The park officially opened on May 22, 2025.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/coronavirus/jobs-economy/os-bz-universal-coronavirus-earnings-20200430-wrnz6ysqdrhsrbnx7ccehbpmxm-story.html|title=Universal Orlando's new Epic Universe theme park will be delayed because of coronavirus pandemic|work=Orlando Sentinel|date=April 30, 2020|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-27|title=Comcast Says Epic Universe to Open in 2025, Theme Park Business in Orlando Better than Before Pandemic|url=https://orlandoparkstop.com/news/theme-park-news/comcast-says-epic-universe-to-open-in-2025-theme-park-business-in-orlando-better-than-before-pandemic/|access-date=2023-03-09|website=Orlando ParkStop}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Universal Orlando |url=https://www.universalorlando.com/web/en/us/theme-parks/epic-universe |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=Universal Orlando Resort}}</ref>

The Universal Epic Universe theme park campus is located several miles southeast of the original [[Universal Orlando]] Resort. The 750-acre (300 ha) site is situated south of [[Sand Lake Road]] and east of [[Universal Boulevard]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Press Releases Archive for Universal Orlando Resort™ |url=https://media.universalorlando.com/press-releases/universal-new-theme-park/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802014728/https://media.universalorlando.com/press-releases/universal-new-theme-park/ |archive-date=2019-08-02 |access-date=2025-10-04 |work=Press Releases, Photos and Media Kits for Universal Orlando Resort™}}</ref> The land was bought in pieces and nearly doubles the acreage that Universal owns in Central Florida. In and around Epic Universe are three new Loews hotels: Universal Helios Grand Hotel, Universal Stella Nova Resort, and Universal Terra Luna Resort. The Universal Stella Nova Resort opened January 21, 2025, the Universal Terra Luna Resort opened March 25, 2025, and the Universal Helios Grand Hotel opened April 16, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-21 |title=Universal Stella Nova Resort Celebrates Its First Guests During The Out-Of-This-World Opening Day Of Universal Orlando's Newest Hotel |url=https://media.universalparksusa.com/press-releases/universal-stella-nova-resort-now-open-universal-orlandos-newest-hotel/ |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=Press Releases, Photos and Media Kits for Universal Orlando Resort™}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-25 |title=Universal Terra Luna Resort Celebrates Its First Guests On The Grand Opening Day Of Universal Orlando's Newest Hotel |url=https://media.universalparksusa.com/press-releases/universal-terra-luna-resort-grand-opening-trade/ |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=Press Releases, Photos and Media Kits for Universal Orlando Resort™}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-16 |title=The Spectacular New Universal Helios Grand Hotel, A Loews Hotel, Welcomes Its First Guests At Universal Orlando Resort |url=https://media.universalparksusa.com/press-releases/the-spectacular-new-universal-helios-grand-hotel-a-loews-hotel-welcomes-its-first-guests/ |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=Press Releases, Photos and Media Kits for Universal Orlando Resort™}}</ref>

===Universal Studios Japan===
{{Main|Universal Studios Japan}}

After almost three years of construction, Universal Studios Japan opened on March 31, 2001, in the [[Konohana-ku, Osaka|Konohana-ku district]] of [[Osaka]], [[Japan]], and was the first Universal Studios theme park to open outside of the U.S. It was also the first Universal theme park to operate within the Asian region. The park incorporates attractions from both Universal Orlando and Universal Studios Hollywood and features a CityWalk district, a shopping mall with multiple official Universal hotels and many restaurants and shops, including stores selling Universal Studios merchandise and Osaka souvenirs. The theme park occupies an area of {{convert|108|acre|ha}}.<ref name="bloomberg.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-09-28/comcast-to-pay-1-5-billion-for-51-of-japanese-theme-park|title=Comcast Will Buy 51% Stake in Universal Studios Japan for $1.5 Billion|newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=September 28, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Official Japan">{{cite web|title=Universal Studios Japan Corporate Information|url=http://www.usj.co.jp/company/company_e/corporate.html|publisher=Universal Studios Japan|access-date=November 7, 2012}}</ref>{{Additional citation needed|date=March 2026}}

===Universal Studios Singapore===
{{Main|Universal Studios Singapore}}

Construction of the Singapore park began within [[Resorts World Sentosa]] on [[Sentosa Island|Sentosa]], [[Singapore]] on April 19, 2008. Universal Studios Singapore was given a soft opening on March 18, 2010, and later a wide opening on May 28, 2011. It was the second Universal Studios theme park to operate in Asia and also the first in Southeast Asia. Like other Universal theme parks, it features attractions from various Universal and other studio companies' properties, including ''[[Jurassic Park (franchise)|Jurassic Park]]'', [[Shrek (franchise)|''Shrek'']], [[The Mummy (1999 film)|''The Mummy'']], ''[[Waterworld]]'', [[Transformers (film series)|''Transformers'']] and others. The land it currently sits on is 20 hectares (49 acres) in size, which occupies the easternmost part of the 49-hectare (120-acre) Resorts World Sentosa, and is marketed as a "one-of-its-kind theme park in Asia". Unlike other Universal theme parks, Universal Studios Singapore is owned and operated by [[Genting Group]] with a license from Universal Parks & Resorts.<ref name="Official Singapore">{{cite web|title=Resorts World Sentosa – Universal Studios Singapore|url=http://www.rwsentosa.com/language/en-US/Attractions/UniversalStudiosSingapore|publisher=Resorts World Sentosa|access-date=August 21, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005121942/http://www.rwsentosa.com/language/en-US/Attractions/UniversalStudiosSingapore|archive-date=October 5, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Universal Beijing Resort===
{{Main|Universal Beijing}}

The Universal Beijing Resort is a [[theme park]] and [[entertainment]] [[resort]] [[Building#Complex|complex]] based in Tongzhou, [[Beijing]], China. Once completed, Universal Beijing Resort will consist of two theme parks ([[Universal Studios Beijing]] and a second planned theme park), a water park, a shopping, dining and entertainment complex (Universal CityWalk Beijing), and six [[hotel]]s. Construction of Phase 1 of the Universal Beijing Resort completed in April 2021.<ref name="sina202104">{{cite web |date=2021-04-16 |title=Wang Tayi: The first phase of the construction of Universal Beijing Resort has been completed and will be completed soon. Can meet you all |url=https://k.sina.cn/article_1644114654_61ff32de0200187sa.html |access-date=2023-12-16 |language=zh |quote=The first phase of construction has been completed and I will be able to meet you soon. We also have a second phase project, which is ready to be completed and put into operation in 2025}}</ref> Construction on Phase 2 was set to begin construction by 2025.<ref name="Walker" /> It is jointly owned by Beijing Shouhuan Cultural Tourism Investment Co., Ltd. (BSH Investment), a consortium of four state-owned companies, and Universal Parks & Resorts.<ref>{{cite web |title=Universal Theme Park and Resort Planned for Beijing |url=http://corporate.comcast.com/news-information/news-feed/universal-theme-park-and-resort-planned-for-beijing}}</ref>

Universal Studios Beijing opened on September 20, 2021.<ref name="bjn2109">{{cite web|url=https://www.bjnews.com.cn/detail/163203968714009.html|title=北京环球度假区明日开业，9时至11时、19时至21时易拥堵|accessdate=2021-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920051537/https://www.bjnews.com.cn/detail/163203968714009.html|archive-date=2021-09-20}}</ref><ref name="full">{{cite web|date=2021-08-30|title=北京环球度假区将于9月20日正式向公众开放|trans-title=[[Universal Beijing Resort]] will officially open to the public on September 20|url=http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2021/08-30/9554254.shtml|accessdate=2021-08-30}}</ref> It features rides and attractions themed primarily to Universal-owned movies, TV shows, animation, and music, and as well as licensed properties from other companies (e.g. [[Warner Bros. Entertainment]], etc.).<ref>{{cite web|author=Los Angeles Times|date=October 13, 2014|title=Universal Studios to open Beijing theme park in 2019|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-universal-studios-beijing-20141012-story.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=1 November 2016|title=Universal Studios Breaks Ground on Beijing Park, Opening Postponed Yet Again|url=https://www.thebeijinger.com/blog/2016/11/01/universal-studios-breaks-ground-beijing-park-opening-postponed-yet-again|access-date=31 January 2017|website=www.thebeijinger.com}}</ref> The project was announced on October 13, 2014, with more than 20 billion [[Renminbi|RMB]] being invested into the project.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Burkitt |first=Laurie |date=2014-10-13 |title=Universal to Open Theme Park in Beijing |url=http://online.wsj.com/articles/universal-to-open-theme-park-in-beijing-1413183926 |access-date=2026-01-11 |work=Wall Street Journal |issn=0099-9660}}</ref>

==Current experiences==
===Universal Horror Unleashed (Las Vegas)===
{{Main|Universal Horror Unleashed}}

On January 11, 2023, Universal announced a "horror experience" called ''Universal Horror Unleashed'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/experience/theme-parks/2023/10/17/universal-horror-las-vegas-area-51-year-round/71217153007/ |title=Horror has a new name in Las Vegas. What we know about Universal's plans for the city. |first=Eve |last=Chen |website=[[USA Today]] |date=October 17, 2023 |access-date=October 22, 2023}}</ref> which is the anchor tenant in a {{convert|20|acre|ha}} expansion of [[Las Vegas]]' immersive [[Area15]] entertainment district. Unlike Universal's seasonal [[Universal's Halloween Horror Nights|Halloween Horror Nights]] events, it is a permanent and year-round fixture, occupying a 110,000-square-foot (2.5-acre) space.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-11 |title=Year Round Horror Experience Comes to Las Vegas |work=Universal Parks & Resorts |url=https://corporate.universalparks.com/universal-parks-resorts-to-bring-entirely-new-year-round-horror-experience-to-las-vegas/ |access-date=2023-01-11 |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326113328/https://corporate.universalparks.com/universal-parks-resorts-to-bring-entirely-new-year-round-horror-experience-to-las-vegas/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> The attraction opened on August 14, 2025, at Area15.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 19, 2025 |title=Breaking: Universal Horror Unleashed Opening Date Announced, Tickets Now on Sale |url=https://wdwnt.com/2025/02/breaking-universal-horror-unleashed-opening-date-announced-tickets-now-on-sale/ |first=Lauren |last=Shahan |access-date=February 22, 2025 |website=WDW News Today}}</ref>

===Universal Theme Parks: The Exhibition===
In July 2025, Comcast NBCUniversal announced that a new interactive experience would open at [[Franklin Institute|The Franklin Institute]] in [[Philadelphia]], US, on February 14, 2026. The exhibition spans {{convert|18,000|sqft}} and feature eight themed galleries, 25 interactive experiences, and over 100 original artefacts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 15, 2025 |title=Universal Theme Parks: The Exhibition announced for Philadelphia |url=https://attractionsdaily.com/2025/07/universal-exhibition-franklin/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Attractions Daily}}</ref>

==Future theme parks==

===Universal Kids Resort===
{{Main|Universal Kids Resort}}

On January 11, 2023, Universal also announced a "new concept"-styled theme park, geared towards families with children. The park, to be constructed in [[Frisco, Texas]], will feature immersive themed lands and celebrate Universal's brand of entertainment, innovation, and characters.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Frisco, Texas location Announcement-Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/universalorl/status/1613226021066575896 |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Twitter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-09 |title=Universal Brings Kids Theme Park to Frisco |work=Universal Parks & Resorts |url=https://corporate.universalparks.com/universal-parks-resorts-plans-to-bring-new-concept-for-families-with-young-children-to-frisco-texas/ |access-date=2023-01-11 |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326113240/https://corporate.universalparks.com/universal-parks-resorts-plans-to-bring-new-concept-for-families-with-young-children-to-frisco-texas/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> On December 1, 2023, the name of the resort was officially revealed as "Universal Kids Resort", while construction began by November 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/experience/theme-parks/2023/12/01/new-theme-park-universal-kids-resort/71758994007/ |title=Universal Kids Resort: What we know about Universal's first theme park for young kids |first=Kathleen |last=Wong |website=[[USA Today]] |date=December 1, 2023 |access-date=December 1, 2023}}</ref> The park is expected to open on July 1, 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kennedy |first=Alice |date=May 28, 2026 |title=BREAKING: Universal Kids Resort Announces Opening Date - WDWNT |url=https://wdwnt.com/2026/05/breaking-universal-kids-resort-announces-opening-date/ |access-date=May 28, 2026 |website=WDW News Today |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Universal Studios Great Britain===
{{Main|Universal United Kingdom}}

On December 19, 2023, Universal Destinations & Experiences confirmed that {{convert|480|acre|ha}} of land had been purchased in [[Bedford]], [[United Kingdom]] for potential theme park development.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bedfordindependent.co.uk/breaking-news-universal-studios-confirm-they-are-planning-a-theme-park-in-bedford-borough/ |title=Breaking news: Universal Studios confirm they are planning a theme park in Bedford Borough |website=Bedford Independent |first1=Erica |last1=Roffe |first2=Paul |last2=Hutchinson |date=December 19, 2023 |access-date=December 19, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Phillips |first=Jacob |date=2023-12-20 |title=Universal Studios planning first UK theme park as it buys huge site in Bedford |work=The Standard |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/universal-studios-theme-park-attraction-bedford-harry-potter-fast-and-furious-b1128080.html |access-date=2023-12-21}}</ref> On April 5, 2024, the official Universal UK Project website revealed public engagement forms and dates to public events to gain reviews and opinions from the locals until May 3, 2024. The project, already in its advanced stage, will have two new railway stations, with [[Kempston Hardwick railway station|Kempston Hardwick]]'s moved further south to the entrance with its level crossing replaced with a bridge, flat car parks, a better road connection with the A421 and improvements to Junction 13 of the M1, and the location of the park with its Street Area and four original restaurants and 500-bed hotel within the southern section of the bought land, with the park starting off similar in size to Universal Studios Florida, Islands of Adventure, and Epic Universe, but would later expand to be the size of Universal Studios Japan, which does not include the northern section by the lake which will be reserved for temporary buildings and future projects. The park will also focus more on wildlife and be more environmentally friendly. Talks were ongoing and there was no time frame as to when construction would begin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://universalukproject.co.uk/|title=Exploring a Potential Theme Park and Resort Project}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cdd9r527jpeo|title=Universal UK resort talks ongoing, says government|last=Fullbrook|first=Danny|access-date=2025-01-30|website=BBC.com |date=January 30, 2025}}</ref>

On April 8, 2025, Universal Destinations & Experiences and the United Kingdom government revealed their plans for a theme park in Bedford, which will open in 2031 as a part of a 476-acre entertainment resort complex. In the same statement, Universal predicted that 8.5 million visitors would attend the park in its first year, generating an expected £50 billion of revenue by 2055.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Szalai |first=Georg |date=April 8, 2025 |title=Universal Planning U.K. Theme Park and Resort in Bedford, England in Expansion to Europe |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/universal-uk-theme-park-resort-bedford-expansion-europe-1236184683/ |access-date=April 9, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref>

After being given the green light on 21 December 2025,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cg4npgy1ngdo|title=The 'winners and losers' in Universal UK's plan to rival Disneyland Paris|last=Fullbrook|first=Danny|access-date=2025-01-30|website=BBC.com |date=December 21, 2025}}</ref> Universal United Kingdom Resort began construction on 12 January 2026.

===Unnamed second park at Universal Beijing Resort===
In April 2021, [[Universal Beijing]] announced that a second gate theme park was set to open in 2025.<ref name=sina202104 /> In September 2023, construction for the expansion was set to begin in 2025.<ref name="Walker">{{cite web |url=https://www.attractionsmanagement.com/index.cfm?subID=0&pagetype=news&codeID=351752&dom=n&email=web&pub=AMe&date= |title=Construction work to begin on Universal Resort Beijing's second phase 'by 2025' |website=Attractions Management |first=Tom |last=Walker |date=September 10, 2023 |access-date=March 19, 2025}}</ref>

===Universal Saudi Arabia===
By December 2025, Universal Studios began early planning stages to build a new theme park in [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/business/media/universal-studios-plans-theme-park-in-saudi-arabia-1ecdcf06 |title=Universal Studios Looks to Saudi Arabia for New Theme Park |website=[[Wall Street Journal]] |first1=Ben |last1=Fritz |first2=Jessica |last2=Toonkel |date=December 19, 2025 |access-date=December 21, 2025 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==Future experiences==

===Universal Horror Unleashed (Chicago, Illinois)===
{{Main|Universal Horror Unleashed#Chicago, Illinois}}

In June 2025, Universal announced [[Chicago]], Illinois would be the second ''Universal Horror Unleashed'' location and the first Universal attraction in the Midwest, which is set to open in 2027.<ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=June 26, 2025 |title=Universal Studios To Open Immersive Horror Experience In Chicago |url=https://blockclubchicago.org/2025/06/26/universal-studios-to-open-immersive-horror-experience-in-chicago/ |first=Melody |last=Mercado |access-date=June 27, 2025 |website=Block Club Chicago}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ace |first=Shannen |date=2025-06-26 |title=Breaking: Universal Horror Unleashed Coming to Chicago - WDWNT |url=https://wdwnt.com/2025/06/universal-horror-unleashed-coming-to-chicago/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=WDW News Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2025/06/universal-horror-unleashed-chicago-1236443986/ |title=Universal Announces Second "Horror Unleashed" Attraction, This One In Chicago, As Part Of Regional Strategy |website=Deadline Hollywood |first=Tom |last=Tapp |date=June 26, 2025 |access-date=June 27, 2025}}</ref>

==Cancelled and former parks==
===Cancelled===
*Universal Studios Europe, [[Sénart]], [[Seine-et-Marne]], [[France]].<ref name="dsewing">{{cite web|url=http://dsewing.com/universal-studios-movie-world/|title=Master Planning MCA - Universal Studios Movie World|website=dsewing.com|date=10 January 1990|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=January 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120110739/http://dsewing.com/universal-studios-movie-world/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Following the establishment of Disney in Europe with the construction of [[Disneyland Paris|Euro Disney Resort]], Universal Studios Recreation Group considered construction of its own park in Europe between the late 1980s and early 1990s. The work was being considered for a site located in either Paris or London.<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|url=https://www.lesoir.be/art/euro-disneyland-a-marne-la-vallee-au-rendez-vous-de_t-19900312-Z02G2M.html|title=Euro Disneyland à Marne-la-Vallée au rendez-vous de 1992|date=12 March 1990|website=[[Le Soir]]|author=Pierre Bary|access-date=17 September 2019}}</ref> The Rainham Marshes site in east London is abandoned, and later became the [[Rainham Marshes Nature Reserve]]. The French state was much more willing to offer tax advantages for the establishment of a park on its territory.<ref name="variety">{{cite web|title=MCA in talks to become Euro Disney neighbor|url=https://variety.com/1993/biz/news/mca-in-talks-to-become-euro-disney-neighbor-105883/|author=Michael Williams|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=14 April 1993|access-date=1 December 2021}}</ref> A site in [[Sénart]] was chosen, the plans were drawn up, and the land was purchased at agricultural prices in 1971.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/archive/08jun90-uk-decision-expected-soon-on-whether-universal-city-will-be-built-at-rainham-marshes-1-of-2-07-06-1990/|title=08Jun90 UK: Decision Expected Soon on Whether 'Universal City' Will Be Built at Rainham Marshes. (1 of 2)|website=[[Construction News]]|date=7 June 1990|access-date=1 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/archive/08jun90-uk-decision-expected-soon-on-whether-universal-city-will-be-built-at-rainham-marshes-2-of-2-07-06-1990/|title=08Jun90 UK: Decision Expected Soon on Whether 'Universal City' Will Be Built at Rainham Marshes. (2 of 2)|website=Construction News|date=7 June 1990|access-date=1 December 2021}}</ref> They covered {{convert|1300|acre|ha}} of arable land in [[Combs-la-Ville]]. The theme park's construction was planned to commence in 1996, and consist of: a theme park mostly based on [[Universal Studios Florida]], a water park, a golf course, and real estate and commercial areas.<ref name="variety"/><ref name="dsewing"/> The setbacks and financial woes of Euro Disney Resort influenced the realization that this project would not succeed. The group preferred to be the buyer of an already established park, and Universal Studios bought 37% of [[PortAventura Park|Port Aventura]]'s shares in June 1998.<ref name="independent"/>

*[[Universal Studios Dubailand]], [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]] (broke ground 2008, no construction since 2009)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wilson |first1=Zachary |url=http://www.fastcompany.com/1338215/universal-studios-dubailand-case-study-rise-and-fall-dubai|title=Universal Studios Dubailand: A Case Study on the Rise and Fall of Dubai|date=24 August 2009|work=Fast Company}}</ref>
*Universal's Hollywoodland, [[Krefeld]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany]]<ref>{{Cite web|language=de|title=Coastersandmore - Achterbahn Magazin: Aus der Traum von den Universal Studios in Germany!|url=http://www.coastersandmore.de/rides/iec/iecmain.shtml|access-date=2021-02-15|website=coastersandmore.de}}</ref>
*Universal Studios Moscow, [[Moscow]], [[Russia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.inparkmagazine.com/moscow-city-government-approves-construction-of-universal-studios-moscow/ |title=Moscow City Government Approves Construction of Universal Studios Moscow |website=inparkmagazine.com |first=Joe |last=Kleiman |date=December 20, 2012 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |archive-date=March 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306162519/https://www.inparkmagazine.com/moscow-city-government-approves-construction-of-universal-studios-moscow/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Universal Studios South Korea]], [[Hwaseong, Gyeonggi|Hwaseong]], [[South Korea]] — Universal Studios was attached to the project in South Korea since 2005 with other competitors of [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]] and [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/special/2008/05/139_24496.html|title=Incheon to Host Paramount's First Movie Park|date=20 May 2008|work=The Korea Times}}</ref> After a long delay, the dealing started in 2016 to open Universal Studios Korea in 2020,<ref>{{cite web|language=ko|url=http://news1.kr/articles/?2905723|title=유니버설 공략에 TF팀까지…수자원公 '테마파크' 다시 나선다|date=8 February 2017|work=News1}}</ref> but the project was canceled in 2017 due to the several disagreements in dealing.<ref>{{cite web|language=ko|url=http://news1.kr/articles/?2905723|title=송산 '유니버설스튜디오' 협약 지연…2020년 준공 '빨간불'|date=20 June 2016}}</ref>

===Former===

*[[PortAventura Park|Universal Mediterránea]], [[Salou]], Spain (1998–2004)
[[PortAventura World|Port Aventura]] opened in 1995. [[The Tussauds Group|Tussauds Group]] had a 40.01% in the park while [[La Caixa]] had 33.19%, [[Anheuser-Busch]] had 19.9% and FECSA had 6.7%.<ref>{{cite news |title=Naissance de Port Aventura, gigantesque parc de loisirs près de Barcelone|url=https://www.liberation.fr/futurs/1995/04/24/naissance-de-port-aventura-gigantesque-parc-de-loisirs-pres-de-barcelone_129288|access-date=October 28, 2018|work=liberation.fr|date=April 24, 1995}}.</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Global Theme Park Industry|author=Salvador Anton Clavé|date=April 16, 2007|page=131|publisher=CABI|isbn=978-1845932084}}</ref> In 1998, the majority of Tussauds Group' shares in Port Aventura (37%) were sold to Universal Parks & Resorts and the park was rebranded as 'Universal's Port Aventura' in 1999, which made it the first Universal Studios Theme Park in Europe.<ref name="independent">{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/pearson-raises-pounds-58m-on-sale-of-spanish-theme-park-stake-1166965.html|title=Pearson raises pounds 58m on sale of Spanish theme park stake|publisher=independent.co.uk|date=June 23, 1998|access-date=October 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Pearson Completes Tussauds Group Disposal|url=https://www.pearson.com/corporate/news/media/news-announcements/1998/10/pearson-completes-tussauds-group-disposal.html|access-date=October 18, 2018|work=pearson.com|date=October 19, 1998|archive-date=October 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019001833/https://www.pearson.com/corporate/news/media/news-announcements/1998/10/pearson-completes-tussauds-group-disposal.html|url-status=dead}}.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Veremonte y La Caixa se alían en Barcelona World |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/economia/20120907/54348156782/veremonte-la-caixa-barcelona-world.html |access-date=July 26, 2018 |work=La Vanguardia |date=July 9, 2012}} [https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=es&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavanguardia.com%2Feconomia%2F20120907%2F54348156782%2Fveremonte-la-caixa-barcelona-world.html&edit-text= Translation: "Veremonte and La Caixa team up in Barcelona World"].</ref> In 2002, two hotels and a water park (''Costa Caribe'') were constructed, and the resort was rebranded as 'Universal Mediterranea' the same year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.diaridetarragona.com/tarragona/Del-Dragon-Khan-al-mayor-polo-turistico-del-Mediterraneo-20170710-0077.html|title=Del Dragon Khan al mayor polo turístico del Mediterráneo|publisher=diaridetarragona.com|access-date=10 July 2017}}</ref> In 2004, [[NBCUniversal]] (Universal Studios' parent) sold all interest in PortAventura to La Caixa.<ref>{{cite news |title=U sells Port Aventura stake|url=https://variety.com/2004/biz/news/u-sells-port-aventura-stake-1117906749/|access-date=October 28, 2018|work=variety.com|date=June 20, 2004}}.</ref> It is owned and operated by [[La Caixa]] banking group's investment vehicle [[Criteria CaixaCorp|Criteria]], but as of 2005 the Universal name has been dropped from the branding, and the resort was once again named 'PortAventura' (the space in the name is deliberately left out for trademark reasons).

===Water Parks===

====Former====
*[[PortAventura#PortAventura Caribe Aquatic Park|Costa Caribe Aquatic Park]], [[Salou]], Spain (2002–2004)
*[[Wet 'n Wild Orlando]] ([[Universal Orlando|Universal Orlando Resort]], [[Orlando, Florida]], United States; purchased by Universal in 1998)<ref>Zoltak, James (October 12, 1998). "Universal dives into waterparks industry". ''Amusement Business''. '''110''' (41): 1.</ref> (1977–2016)

==Theme park attractions and lands==
{{main|List of Universal theme park attractions|List of lands at Universal theme parks}}

Universal Studios incorporates replicas of attractions and lands in multiple parks around the world. The pages linked above contain comprehensive lists of the attractions and lands at Universal theme parks. Most of the attractions and lands are based on Universal licenses and other licensed properties.

==Steven Spielberg's relationship with Universal Destinations & Experiences==
Director [[Steven Spielberg]] has a long-time collaboration with Universal Destinations & Experiences due to his relationship with Universal Studios while working as a Universal intern staff in the late 1960s as well as the films he directed or produced for the studio, such as [[Jaws (franchise)|''Jaws'']], ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'', [[Back to the Future (franchise)|''Back to the Future'']], ''[[The Land Before Time (film)|The Land Before Time]]'', ''[[Jurassic Park (franchise)|Jurassic Park]]'' and ''[[Schindler's List]]''. In March 1987, Spielberg signed on to be a [[creative consultant]] for Universal theme parks when the [[MCA Inc.|Music Corporation of America]] (MCA) owner of Universal Studios was planning to build its first full-fledged theme park in Orlando in an effort to compete with [[Walt Disney World]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sim|first1=Nick|title=10 Mind-Boggling Statistics About the Universal Orlando Resort|work=Theme Park Tourist|url=https://www.themeparktourist.com/features/20140521/18141/10-mind-boggling-statistics-about-universal-orlando-resort|date=May 21, 2014|access-date=April 8, 2018|archive-date=April 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408211330/https://www.themeparktourist.com/features/20140521/18141/10-mind-boggling-statistics-about-universal-orlando-resort|url-status=dead}}</ref> Universal Parks Chairman and CEO Thomas L. Williams stated in regards to praising the [[Universal Creative]] team and a few popular people for the new Florida park:

{{blockquote|Take, for example, Steven Spielberg. He was the creative consultant on our first [full] theme park, Universal Studios Florida. Steve was the guy who came up with that park's core concept, that we were going to put our Guests in their favorite scene from their favorite film. Ride the Movies, if you will.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hill|first1=Jim|title=Tom Williams, Universal Parks Chairman and CEO, Reflects on the Universal Orlando Resort's Magical Transformation|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/jim-hill/tom-williams-universal-pa_b_5564930.html|publisher=Huffington Post|date=July 7, 2017}}</ref>}}

Since 1987, Spielberg has consulted on a dozen attractions, including [[E.T. Adventure]], [[Jaws (ride)|Jaws]], [[Jurassic Park: The Ride]], and [[The Amazing Adventures of Spider-Man]]. In exchange, he receives 2% of all park ticket revenue and a portion of park concession receipts generated by Universal theme parks in Florida, Japan, and Singapore in perpetuity, valued at up to $30 to 50 million a year; the Universal Studios Hollywood theme park in Los Angeles is not covered under the Spielberg deal.<ref name="BRG">{{cite web|last1=Glover|first1=Ronald|title=Spielberg's Biggest Blockbuster May Be $1 Billion Payday From Comcast|url=https://www.thestreet.com/story/13218752/1/spielbergs-biggest-blockbuster-may-be-1-billion-payday-from-comcast.html|publisher=Huffington Post|date=July 22, 2015}}</ref> The director also had the opportunity to trigger a June 2017 exit deal clause and collect a single payment equal to the value of the contracts. [[Comcast]], the current parent company of Universal, acknowledged that this payment could already be worth as much as $535 million.<ref name="POP">{{cite web|last1=Morgan|first1=Richard|title=Steven Spielberg could soon be $1B richer|url=https://nypost.com/2015/07/24/how-steven-spielberg-is-saving-comcast/|publisher=New York Post|date=July 24, 2015}}</ref> Some analysts predicted that the one-time payment could ultimately be $1 billion.<ref name="BRG" /> The deal also prevents any film Spielberg directed or produced to go to any theme park but Universal;<ref name="POP" /> the exceptions are the ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' films, which are owned by [[Lucasfilm]], ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'', which Disney co-owns with Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment, and ''[[Animaniacs]]'', which is owned by [[Warner Bros.]]. Both Indiana Jones and Roger Rabbit have been featured in [[Disney Experiences|Disney theme parks]] since 1989 and 1994 respectively, while the Animaniacs characters appeared at [[Six Flags (1961–2024)|Six Flags]] parks for a period during the 1990s.

==Universal Products & Experiences==
'''Universal Products & Experiences''' is the consuner products & brand licensing division of Universal Destinations & Experiences that manages the global expansion of its IP portfolio through consumer products, games, and retail experiences. It creates merchandise, toys, apparel, and digital initiatives based on brands & franchises such as ''[[Jurassic Park (franchise)|Jurassic Park]]'', ''[[Minions (Despicable Me)|Minions]]'', and horror properties.

In May 2006, Universal Studios Consumer Products Group established its mobile entertainment unit named Universal Mobile Entertainment, the new mobile entertainment division would handle mobile publishing based on Universal Pictures' IP franchises alongside NBCUniversal's television franchises such as ''[[Battlestar Galactica]]'' for mobile platforms, Jeremy Laws who was Universal Studios Consumer Products Group's licensing executive had been named senior VP of the new mobile unit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Universal sets up mobile outfit|url=https://www.c21media.net/news/universal-sets-up-mobile-outfit/|website=C21Media|date=May 5, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Universal Studios starts mobile division|url=https://www.engadget.com/2006-05-04-universal-studios-starts-mobile-division.html|website=Engadget|first=Paul|last=Miller|date=May 5, 2006}}</ref>

In May 2009, Universal Studios Consumer Products Group was merged with Universal Studios' fellow division Universal Studios Partnerships to form one consumer products & licensing division that all of the studio’s consumer product licensing, film and home entertainment promotions and corporate alliances for Universal's theatrical, home entertainment, theme parks and stage productions alongside licensing consumer products within the group aa the former being renamed into Universal Partnerships and Licensing. Universal Studios Partnership header [[Stephanie Sperber]] assumed the title role of the merged consumer products division as executive VP, whilst senior VP Amy Taylor would oversee Universal Partnerships & Licensing's North American promotions, worldwide licensing and retail development; it would rebrand themselves to Universal Brand Development by 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Universal creates new uni|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/universal-creates-unit-84626/|website=The Hollywood Reporter|first=Boyes|last=Kit|date=May 27, 2009}}</ref> Five years later in June 2014, Universal Partnerships & Licensing had interrogated consumers products from its fellow NBCUniversal units [[NBCUniversal Media Group#NBC Entertainment|NBC Entertainment]] and the children's channel [[Universal Kids|Sprout]] with the unit had oversume consumer products of [[NBC]]'s productions such as ''[[The Tonight Show]]'' and Sprout's famous iconic brand ''Chica''.<ref name="tw">{{cite news |last1=Goldstein |first1=Lindsay |date=June 19, 2014 |title=Universal Partnerships & Licensing to Expand to Consumer Products Covering NBC and Sprout |url=https://www.thewrap.com/universal-partnerships-licensing-to-expand-to-consumer-products-covering-nbc-and-sprout/ |access-date=June 27, 2014 |work=The Wrap}}</ref> GE purchased Vivendi's share in NBCUniversal in 2011.<ref name="vivendiinitsale">{{cite news |last=James |first=Meg |date=January 27, 2011 |title=GE completes its purchase of Vivendi's stake in NBC Universal |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-xpm-2011-jan-27-fi-ct-ge-vivendi-20110127-story.html |access-date=April 22, 2013 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>

In May 2017, Universal Brand Development stregnthened its focus on gaming with them starting publishing its own gaming titles based on [[Universal Pictures]]'s franchises including from its animation units [[Illumination (company)|Illumination]] and [[DreamWorks Animation]] (which its parent [[NBCUniversal]] acquired in 2016) for gaming consoles and mobile platforms in-house with the establishment of its mobile game and VR division entitled Universal Games and Digital Platforms with Universal Brand Development appointed former [[List of Disney video games|Disney Games]] mobile team exectives which were SVP of production James Molinets, VP of creative Timothy FitzRandolph and SVP of tech & operations Fabian Schonholz leading Universal Brand Development's in-house publishing division whilst Universal Brand Development continued licensing its IP franchises to other companies while its gaming division had also appointed former Disney gaming header Chris Heatherly joined UBD leading the new gaming unit as Executive VP of games and digital platforms under UBD with Universal's gaming executives Bill Kispert and Pete Wanat had joined the new gaming unit as general manager and VP of production of the new gaming unit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Universal Brand Development makes mobile push|url=https://kidscreen.com/2017/05/16/universal-brand-development-makes-mobile-gaming-push/|website=Kidscreen|first=Elizabeth|last=Foster|date=May 16, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=NBCUniversal spinning up mobile games division|url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/nbcuniversal-spinning-up-mobile-games-division|website=GamesIndustry|date=May 15, 2017}}</ref> However, Universal Brand Development would shut down its gaming & VR publishing division Unjversal Games and Digital Platforms two years later in September 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=NBCUniversal Shutters Game Publishing Division|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/nbcuniversal-shutters-gaming-division-1241104/|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=September 19, 2019}}</ref>

In September 2022, Universal Brand Development was moved from [[Universal Filmed Entertainment Group]] into NBCUniversal's theme park division Universal Parks & Resorts with the latter's mechandising & retail division Universal Parks & Resorts Merchandising Group whom handles & sold products within Universal's theme parks worldwide had been merged into the former brand licensing & IP merchandise division with the unit being renamed into Universal Products & Experiences with Universal Brand Development's president Vince Klaseus continued leading the rebranded licensing unit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Universal Parks & Resorts Merges Two Strategic Businesses Together To Create New Global Cp Center Of Excellence|url=https://corporate.universaldestinationsandexperiences.com/universal-parks-resorts-merges-two-strategic-businesses-together-to-create-new-global-cp-center-of-excellence/|website=Universal Destination & Experiences|date=September 16, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Universal Parks Merges Divisions to Form New Products and Experiences Group|url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/universal-parks-forms-new-products-experiences-division-1235375248/|website=Variety|first=Rebecca|last=Rubin|date=September 16, 2022}}</ref>

In November 2025, Universal Products & Experiences had launched its own website that brings all of Universal's products & offering retail merchandishing from Universal theme parks worldwide online entitled ShopUniversal.com.<ref>{{cite web|title=Universal Products & Experiences launches new shopUniversal online store|url=https://www.licensingsource.net/universal-products-experiences-launches-new-shopuniversal-online-store/|website=Licensing Source|first=Samantha|last=Loveday|date=November 14, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Universal to Launch New Online Store|url=https://www.licenseglobal.com/retail-news-trends/universal-to-launch-new-online-store|website=License Global|date=November 13, 2025}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Universal's Halloween Horror Nights]]
* [[Incidents at Universal parks]]
* [[List of properties at Universal Destinations & Experiences]]
* [[The Wizarding World of Harry Potter]]
* [[Fright Nights]]
* [[Legoland|LEGOLAND]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website}}

{{Universal Destinations & Experiences}}
{{NBC Universal}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Universal Destinations and Experiences}}
[[Category:Universal Destinations & Experiences| ]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1964]]
[[Category:Entertainment companies established in 1964]]
[[Category:Amusement park companies]]
[[Category:Comcast]]
[[Category:NBCUniversal]]

Benki Birugali (2013 film)

2026-05-07T17:11:47Z

JoannaCostantino: started the bio initial version

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Benki Birugali
| image =
| caption =
| director = S. K. Basheed
| producer = S K Karimunnisa
| writer = S. K. Basheed
| starring = [[Richard Rishi|Rishi]] S. K. Basheed [[Namitha]] [[Sandhya (actress, born 1988)|Sandhya]] [[Rishika Singh]] [[Rekha Vedavyas]] [[Monica (actress)|Monica]]
| music = [[M. M. Srilekha]]
| cinematography = K. S. Cheluvaraj
| editing = S Manohar
| studio = SBK Film Corporation
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|04|26}}
| runtime = 135 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Benki Birugali''''' (''Fire and Storm'') is a 2013 Indian Kannada [[action comedy film]] directed and produced by S. K. Basheed. It was his debut in [[Kannada cinema]] as a lead actor.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/kannada/news-interviews/A-certificate-for-Benki-Birugalli/articleshow/19293621.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227011603/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-30/news-interviews/38144985_1_tunturu-film-risheeka-singh |url-status=live |archive-date=27 December 2013 |title=Risheeka Singh: 'A' certificate for Benki Birugalli |date=30 March 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 January 2018}}</ref> The film also has [[Richard Rishi|Rishi]], [[Sandhya (actress, born 1988)|Sandhya]], [[Rekha Vedavyas]], [[Monica (Tamil actress)|Monica]], [[Rishika Singh]] and [[Bhanu Sri Mehra]]. K. S. Cheluvaraj was the cinematographer and [[M. M. Srilekha]] composed the music. The film was announced in January 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/namitha-saloni-team-up-for-benki-birugaali-news-kannada-lbsoMLhfgfi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120111618/http://www.sify.com/movies/namitha-saloni-team-up-for-benki-birugaali-news-kannada-lbsoMLhfgfi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 January 2011 |title=Namitha, Saloni team up for Benki Birugaali |work=Sify.com |access-date=16 January 2018}}</ref> It was shot at various locations in [[Karnataka]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/benki-birugali-releases-tomorrow-news-kannada-nezk7ocahhb.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429014351/http://www.sify.com/movies/benki-birugali-releases-tomorrow-news-kannada-nezk7ocahhb.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 April 2013 |title='Benki Birugali' releases tomorrow |work=Sify.com |access-date=16 January 2018}}</ref>
The film was released to negative reviews.<ref name="T">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/benki-birugali/movie-review/19830337.cms |title=BENKI BIRUGALI MOVIE REVIEW |work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808204156/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/Benki-Birugali/movie-review/19830337.cms |archive-date=2016-08-08}}</ref>

''Benki Birugali'' was released on 26 April 2013. The film was supposed to be originally a bilingual – Telugu and Kannada – however, the Telugu version was not released.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Richard Rishi|Rishi]] as Chandu
* S. K. Basheed as Daya
* [[Namitha]] as Mona
* [[Sandhya (actress, born 1988)|Sandhya]] as Sandhya
* [[Rekha Vedavyas]] as Rekha
* [[Rishika Singh]]
* [[Bhanu Sri Mehra]]
* [[Saloni Aswani]]
* [[Monica (Tamil actress)|Monica]]
* [[Bullet Prakash]]
* Layendra Kokila
* [[Bank Janardhan]]
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "It is the best example of how not to direct a movie".<ref name="T"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|9008512}}

[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:2013 action comedy films]]
[[Category:2013 comedy films]]

{{2010s-Kannada-film-stub}}

2026 SAFF Women's Championship

2026-05-05T18:23:18Z

JoannaCostantino: started some pg v1

{{Use dmy dates|date= March 2026}}
{{Infobox international football competition
| tourney_name = SAFF Women's Championship
| year = 2026
| image = Logo of 2026 SAFF Womens Championship.png
| size = 280px
| caption =
| other_titles =
| country = India
| dates = 25 May – 5 June 2026
| num_teams = 6
| sub-confederations = 1
| venues = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Fatorda Stadium]]
| city = [[Margao]], [[Goa]]
| champion_other =
| count =
| second_other =
| third_other =
| matches =
| goals =
| attendance =
| top_scorer =
| player =
| goalkeeper =
| fair_play =
| prevseason = [[2024 SAFF Women's Championship|2024]]
| nextseason = [[2028 SAFF Women's Championship|2028]]
}}

The '''2026 SAFF Women's Championship''' will be the 8th edition of the [[SAFF Women's Championship]], an international [[association football|football]] competition for women's national teams from the [[South Asia]] region, organized by the [[South Asian Football Federation]] (SAFF). The 2026 edition in India is the 8th edition of this competition. The tournament is scheduled to be held in [[India]] from 25 May to 5 June 2026 at [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]] in [[Margao]], Goa.<ref name="TOI 1">{{cite news |last1=Mergulhao |first1=Marcus|title= Goa set to host SAFF Women's Championship |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/goa-set-to-host-saff-womens-championship/articleshow/129520730.cms |access-date=22 April 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=Times News Network (TNN) |date=12 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313160532/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/goa-set-to-host-saff-womens-championship/articleshow/129520730.cms |archive-date=13 March 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Bangladesh women's national football team|Bangladesh]] are the defending champions.<ref name="UNB 1">{{cite news |title=Bangladesh clinches second consecutive SAFF Women’s Championship with 2-1 win over Nepal |url=https://unb.com.bd/category/Sports/bangladesh-triumphs-in-saff-womens-championship-2024-with-2-1-win-over-nepal/146010 |access-date=22 April 2026 |work=[[United News of Bangladesh]] |date=30 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241107073433/https://unb.com.bd/category/Sports/bangladesh-triumphs-in-saff-womens-championship-2024-with-2-1-win-over-nepal/146010 |archive-date=7 November 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Participating teams==
The following six teams confirmed their participation in the tournament. [[Pakistan women's national football team|Pakistan]] skipped this edition in [[India]] due to strenuous relations with the hosts.<ref name="TOI 2">{{cite news |last1=Mergulhao |first1=Marcus|title=Pakistan to skip SAFF Women's Championship. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/pakistan-to-skip-saff-womens-championship-in-india/articleshow/130045695.cms |access-date=22 April 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=Times News Network (TNN) |date=6 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260417002654/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/pakistan-to-skip-saff-womens-championship-in-india/articleshow/130045695.cms |archive-date=17 April 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
|-
! Country
! Appearance
! Previous {{nobr|best performance}}
! data-sort-type="number"|{{nobr|[[FIFA Women's World Ranking|FIFA ranking]] (April 2026)}}
|-
| {{nobr|{{fbw|IND}} '''(Host)'''}} ||align=center|8th || '''Champions''' ([[2010 SAFF Women's Championship|2010]], [[2012 SAFF Women's Championship|2012]], [[2014 SAFF Women's Championship|2014]], [[2016 SAFF Women's Championship|2016]], [[2019 SAFF Women's Championship|2019]]) || align="center" | {{nobr|{{FIFA Women's World Rankings|IND}}}}
|-
| {{fbw|NEP}} ||align=center|8th || Runners-up ([[2010 SAFF Women's Championship|2010]], [[2012 SAFF Women's Championship|2012]], [[2014 SAFF Women's Championship|2014]], [[2019 SAFF Women's Championship|2019]], [[2022 SAFF Women's Championship|2022]], [[2024 SAFF Women's Championship|2024]]) || align="center" | {{nobr|{{FIFA Women's World Rankings|NEP}}}}
|-
| {{fbw|BAN}} ||align=center|8th || '''Champions''' ([[2022 SAFF Women's Championship|2022]], [[2024 SAFF Women's Championship|2024]]) || align="center" | {{nobr|{{FIFA Women's World Rankings|BAN}}}}
|-
| {{fbw|SRI}} ||align=center|8th || Semi-finals ([[2012 SAFF Women's Championship|2012]], [[2014 SAFF Women's Championship|2014]], [[2019 SAFF Women's Championship|2019]]) ||align=center| {{nobr|{{FIFA Women's World Rankings|SRI}}}}
|-
| {{fbw|BHU}} ||align=center|8th || Semi-finals ([[2022 SAFF Women's Championship|2022]], [[2024 SAFF Women's Championship|2024]]) ||align=center| {{nobr|{{FIFA Women's World Rankings|BHU}}}}
|-
| {{fbw|MDV}} ||align=center|8th || Semi-finals ([[2016 SAFF Women's Championship|2016]]) ||align=center| {{nobr|{{FIFA Women's World Rankings|MDV}}}}

|}

==Venue==
All matches will be held at [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]].<ref name="TOI 1"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:auto;"
! width="20px" height="2px" colspan="2"| [[Margao]]
| rowspan=4 width="20px" | {{Location map+ |India|float=center |width=300 |places=
{{Location map~ | India | lat=15.28 | long=73.96 | label='''[[Margao]]''' |position=left}}
}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" height="2px"| [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" height="2px"| Capacity: '''16,200'''
|-
| [[File:Margao Stadium.jpg|center|alt=Margao Stadium outside image|250px]]
|}

==Draw==
The draw ceremony of the tournament was held at the [[South Asian Football Federation|SAFF Secretariat]] in [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh on 22 April 2026. The seeding for the draw was done in accordance with the latest [[FIFA Women's World Ranking|FIFA Rankings]] issued on April 21. India and Nepal were placed in Pot 1; Bangladesh and Sri Lanka were placed in Pot 2; and Bhutan and Maldives were placed in Pot 3. Finally, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bhutan were drawn in Group A, and the host was drawn along with Bangladesh and the Maldives in Group B.<ref name="AIFF 1">{{cite web |title=Hosts India drawn with Bangladesh and Maldives in SAFF Women's Championship 2026 |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/hosts-india-drawn-with-bangladesh-and-maldives-in-saff-womens-championship-2026 |publisher=[[All India Football Federation]] |access-date=22 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260422091914/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/hosts-india-drawn-with-bangladesh-and-maldives-in-saff-womens-championship-2026 |archive-date=22 April 2026 |date=22 April 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Pots===
{| class="wikitable"
! width="25%" |Pot 1
! width="25%" |Pot 2
! width="25%" |Pot 3
|-
|{{fbw|IND}} '''(H)''' {{fbw|NEP}}
|{{fbw|BAN}} {{fbw|SRI}}
|{{fbw|BHU}} {{fbw|MDV}}
|}

=== Result ===
{|
|valign=top|
{| class="wikitable"
|+[[#Group A|Group A]]
!{{Tooltip|Pos|Position}}
! width="175" |Team
|-
| align="center" |A1
|{{fbw|NEP}}
|-
| align="center" |A2
|{{fbw|SRI}}
|-
| align="center" |A3
|{{fbw|BHU}}
|}
|
|
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+[[#Group B|Group B]]
!{{Tooltip|Pos|Position}}
! width="175" |Team
|-
| align="center" |B1
|{{fbw|IND}}
|-
| align="center" |B2
|{{fbw|BAN}}
|-
| align="center" |B3
|{{fbw|MDV}}
|-
|}
|}

== Match officials ==
;Referees
Not yet selected.
;Assistant referees
Not yet selected.

== Group stage ==
*All matches will be played in [[India]].
*Times listed are [[UTC+05:30|UTC+5:30]].
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan=2|Key to colours in group tables
|-
|bgcolor=#ccffcc style="width: 20px;"|
|align=left|Group winners and runners-up advance to the Semi-finals
|}

=== Group A ===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=football
|section=Group A
|teamwidth=180
|update=future|start_date=25 May 2026
|source= [https://www.sofascore.com/football/tournament/asia/saff-womens-championship/23499#id:93527,tab:standings Sofascore]

|team_order = BHU, NEP, SRI
|result1=KO |result2=KO

|win_NEP=0 |draw_NEP=0 |loss_NEP=0 |gf_NEP=0 |ga_NEP=0
|win_BHU=0 |draw_BHU=0 |loss_BHU=0 |gf_BHU=0 |ga_BHU=0
|win_SRI=0 |draw_SRI=0 |loss_SRI=0 |gf_SRI=0 |ga_SRI=0

|name_NEP={{fbw|NEP}}
|name_SRI={{fbw|SRI}}
|name_BHU={{fbw|BHU}}

|res_col_header=Q
|col_KO=green1
|text_KO=Advance to the {{nobr|[[#Knockout_stage|Knockout stage]]}}

|class_rules=1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) goal difference; 5) number of goals scored; 6) drawing of lots
}}

{{#invoke:football box|main
| id = Bhutan vs Nepal
| date = {{Start date|2026|05|25|df=y}}
| time = 16:30
| team1 = {{fbw-rt|BHU}}
| score =
| report =
| team2 = {{fbw|NEP}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
| location = [[Margao]], [[Goa]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{#invoke:football box|main
| id = Bhutan vs Nepal
| date = {{Start date|2026|05|28|df=y}}
| time = 16:30
| team1 = {{fbw-rt|SRI}}
| score =
| report =
| team2 = {{fbw|BHU}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
| location = [[Margao]], [[Goa]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{#invoke:football box|main
| id = Nepal vs Sri Lanka
| date = {{Start date|2026|05|31|df=y}}
| time = 16:30
| team1 = {{fbw-rt|NEP}}
| score =
| report =
| team2 = {{fbw|SRI}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
| location = [[Margao]], [[Goa]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}

=== Group B ===
<onlyinclude>
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=football
|section=Group B
|teamwidth=180
|update=future|start_date=25 May 2026
|source= [https://www.sofascore.com/football/tournament/asia/saff-womens-championship/23499#id:93527,tab:standings Sofascore]

|team_order = BAN, IND, MDV
|result1=KO |result2=KO

|win_IND=0 |draw_IND=0 |loss_IND=0 |gf_IND=0 |ga_IND=0 |status_IND=H
|win_BAN=0 |draw_BAN=0 |loss_BAN=0 |gf_BAN=0 |ga_BAN=0
|win_MDV=0 |draw_MDV=0 |loss_MDV=0 |gf_MDV=0 |ga_MDV=0

|name_IND={{fbw|IND}}
|name_BAN={{fbw|BAN}}
|name_MDV={{fbw|MDV}}

|res_col_header=Q
|col_KO=green1
|text_KO=Advance to the {{nobr|[[#Knockout_stage|Knockout stage]]}}

|class_rules=1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) goal difference; 5) number of goals scored; 6) drawing of lots
}}</onlyinclude>

{{#invoke:football box|main
| id = Maldives vs India
| date = {{Start date|2026|05|25|df=y}}
| time = 19:30
| team1 = {{fbw-rt|MDV}}
| score =
| report =
| team2 = {{fbw|IND}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
| location = [[Margao]], [[Goa]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{#invoke:football box|main
| id = Bangladesh vs Maldives
| date = {{Start date|2026|05|29|df=y}}
| time = 19:30
| team1 = {{fbw-rt|BAN}}
| score =
| report =
| team2 = {{fbw|MDV}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
| location = [[Margao]], [[Goa]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{#invoke:football box|main
| id = India vs Bangladesh
| date = {{Start date|2026|05|31|df=y}}
| time = 19:30
| team1 = {{fbw-rt|IND}}
| score =
| report =
| team2 = {{fbw|BAN}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
| location = [[Margao]], [[Goa]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}

== Knockout stage ==
*In the knockout stages, if a match finished goalless at the end of normal playing time, [[Overtime (Association football)|extra time]] would have been played (two periods of 15 minutes each) and followed, if necessary, by a [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalty shoot-out]] to determine the winner.
===Bracket===
{{#invoke:RoundN|N4
|style=white-space:nowrap
|columns=2|bold_winner=high
|RD1=[[#Semi-finals|Semi-finals]]
|RD2=[[#Final|Final]]

|3 June – [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Goa]]
|Winner Group A||Runner-up Group B|
|3 June – [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Goa]]
|Winner Group B||Runner-up Group A|
|6 June – [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Goa]]
|Winner SF 1||Winner SF 2|
}}

=== Semi-finals ===
{{#invoke:football box|main
| date = {{Start date|2026|06|03|df=y}}
| time = 16:00
| team1 = Champion of Group A
| score =
| aet =
| report =
| team2 = Runner-up of Group B
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| penaltyscore =
| penalties1 =
| penalties2 =
| stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
| location = [[Margao]], [[Goa]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{#invoke:football box|main
| date = {{Start date|2026|06|03|df=y}}
| time = 20:00
| team1 = Champion of Group B
| score =
| aet =
| report =
| team2 = Runner-up of Group A
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| penaltyscore =
| penalties1 =
| penalties2 =
| stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
| location = [[Margao]], [[Goa]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}

=== Final ===
{{#invoke:football box|main
| date = {{Start date|2026|06|05|df=y}}
| time = 18:30
| team1 = Winner SF1
| score =
| aet =
| report =
| team2 = Winner SF2
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| penaltyscore =
| penalties1 =
| penalties2 =
| stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
| location = [[Margao]], [[Goa]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}

==Winner==
{{winners|fbw|8th SAFF Women's Championship 2026|TBD|th}}

== Statistics ==
=== Goalscorers ===
TBD
=== Awards ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:auto;"
!Most Valuable Player
!Top Scorer
!Goalkeeper
!Fair Play
|-
|TBD
|TBD
|TBD
|TBD
|}

== Marketing ==
TBD

== Broadcasting ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" text-align:left;"
|-
! scope=col|Country
! scope=col|Broadcaster
! scope="col" class=unsortable|{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|{{flagcountry|BAN}}
|[[T Sports]]
|
|-
|{{flagcountry|IND}}
|[[Fancode]]
|
|-
|{{flagcountry|MDV}}
|TBD
|
|-
|{{flagcountry|NEP}}
|TBD
|
|-
|{{flagcountry|SRI}}
|TBD
|
|-
|{{flagcountry|BHU}}
|TBD
|
|}

==See also==
*[[2026 SAFF Championship]]
*[[2026 SAFF Club Championship]]

==References==
<references />
== External links ==
* [https://saffederation.org/match-results/?jsf=epro-loop-builder&tax=match-results-year:119;match-result-championship:90;match-result-gender:100 Official website]
{{portal bar|Asia|India|Sports|Association football|Women's association football}}
{{SAFF Women's Championship}}
{{2025–26 in Asian women's football (AFC)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:SAFF Women's Championship}}

[[Category:SAFF Women's Championship]]
[[Category:2026 in Asian women's international football|SAFF Women's Championship]]
[[Category:SAFF Women's Championship|2026]]
[[Category:2026 in Indian sport]]
[[Category:Women's international association football competitions hosted by India]]
[[Category:May 2026 sports events in Asia]]
[[Category:June 2026 sports events in Asia]]

Changthang district

2026-05-02T17:06:11Z

JoannaCostantino: new the place w/ sources.

{{Short description|Proposed district in Ladakh, India}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Changthang district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Ladakh|District]] of [[Ladakh]]
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{Flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|}}[[Ladakh]]
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ladakh]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| parts_type = Administrative divisions
| leader_title = [[District magistrate (India)|District collector and magistrate]]
| leader_title1 = [[Superintendent of Police]]
}}

'''Changthang district''', with headquarter at [[Nyoma]], is one of the [[List_of_districts_of_Ladakh#List|district]] in the [[Union Territory]] of [[Ladakh]] in [[India]].<ref name=newd1>[https://ladakh.gov.in/historic-milestone-for-ladakh-five-new-districts-notified-in-ladakh-taking-total-districts-to-seven/ Historic milestone for Ladakh: Five new districts notified in Ladakh; taking total districts to seven], 27 Apr 2026.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-26 |title=MHA announces five new districts in Ladakh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mha-announces-five-new-districts-in-ladakh/articleshow/112797243.cms |access-date=2024-08-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Vijaita |date=2024-08-26 |title=MHA announces five new districts in Ladakh: Zanskar, Drass, Sham, Nubra and Changthang |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ladakh/government-decides-to-create-five-new-districts-in-ladakh-says-amit-shah/article68567920.ece |access-date=2024-08-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== History ==

On 27th April 2026, 5 new districts were notified in the [[government gazette]] for boosting the service delivery and infrastructure, including Drass Changthang with 24 revenue villages which was carved out of western part of [[Kargil district]] , and Zanskar with 26 revenue villages.<ref name=newd1/> Earlier announced on 26th August 2024 as a new district was awaiting the formal notification for the creation.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Ladakh Gets 5 New Districts: Zanskar, Drass, Sham, Nubra And Changthang |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ladakh-gets-5-new-districts-zanskar-drass-sham-nubra-and-changthang-6419637 |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> In January 2024, hundreds of people from various villages in the region took part in a peaceful protest march, demanding that Drass be recognized as a district.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 Jan 2024 |title=Residents seek district tag for Drass |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/j-k/residents-seek-district-tag-for-drass-581118/amp |access-date=26 Aug 2024 |work=Tribune India}}</ref>

==Geography==

Changthang district is part of the larger [[Changtang]] region (alternatively spelled '''Changthang''' or '''Qangtang''') in the high altitude [[Tibetan Plateau]]. Changtang region is spread across the western and northern [[Tibet]] extending into the southern edges of [[Xinjiang]] as well as Changthang district in southeastern Ladakh of in India.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Rizvi
| first = Janet
| title = Trans-Himalayan Caravans
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| year = 1999
| pages = 301
| isbn = 978-0-19-564855-3}}
</ref>

Changthang, also known as Eastern Flat Land, is the region where nomads reside, situated to the east of Leh near the Chinese border. The typical elevation of the region hovers at approximately 14600 meters above sea level.<ref name=rup2>{{Cite web |last=Kothari |first=Ashish |date=2023-11-13 |title=India's energy transition |url=https://www.meer.com/en/76901-indias-energy-transition |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=Meer |language=en}}</ref><ref name=rup1>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-14 |title=Dhata Nomadic Festival celebrated in Changthang |url=https://www.voiceofladakh.in/2022/08/dhata-nomadic-festival-celebrated-in-changthang/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=Voice of Ladakh |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Administration==

The Changthang district is include [[Nyoma]] and [[Durbuk]] subdivisions.<ref>[https://indusdispatch.in/grand-celebrations-held-to-mark-changthang-district-formation/ Grand celebrations held to mark Changthang District Formation], Indus Dispatch, 6 September 2024.</ref> The [[Demchok, Ladakh|Demchok]], [[Hanle_(village)|Hanle]], [[Ukdungle]], [[Chushul]], [[Tangtse]], and [[Chumar]] sector are important habitations.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"
! colspan="5" |<big>Sub–divisions, Blocks and Villages in Changthang district</big>
|-
! scope="col" ! | Current district
! scope="col" ! | Former district
! scope="col" ! | Sub-Division
! scope="col" ! | Blocks
! scope="col" ! | Villages
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Changthang district]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Leh district]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Nyoma]]

| [[Nyoma]] || [[Anlay]], [[Demchok, Ladakh|Demjok]], [[Koyul]], [[Mood, Leh district|Mood]], [[Nyoma]]
|-
|[[Rong valley|Rong]]-Chumathang
|[[Chumathang]], [[Himya]], [[Kerey]], [[Kumgyam]], [[Liktse]], [[Skitmang]], [[Tarchit]], [[Teri, Leh district|Teri]], [[Tukla, Leh district|Tukla]]
|-
|[[Rupshu|Rupsho]]-[[Puga valley|Puga]]
|[[Karzok]], [[Kharnak]], [[Samad Rakchan]]

|-
| [[Durbok|Durbuk]]

|[[Durbok|Durbuk]]
| [[Chushul]], [[Durbok|Durbuk]], [[Kargyam]], [[Man Pangong]], [[Shachukul]], [[Tangtse]]

|-
!Total
!1
!2
!4
!24
|}

== Tourism ==
[[File:Changthang Cold Desert Wildlife Sanctuary.jpg|thumb|[[Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary]] in Changthang.]]

===Cultural tourism===
[[File:Changpas nomadic people - Changtang - Tibet.jpg|thumb|262x262px|[[Changpa]] nomadic people of Changthang.]]

The most remarkable characteristic of this Lake region is the Nomadic people who herd goats and yaks.<ref name=bud1/> The Changtang is home to the [[Changpa]], a [[nomad]]ic pastoralists [[Tibetan people]].<ref>Namgail, T., Bhatnagar, Y.V., Mishra, C. & Bagchi, S. (2007) Pastoral nomads of the Indian Changthang: production system, land use and socioeconomic changes. Human Ecology 35, 497–504.</ref><ref>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/ladakhs-new-districts-announced-full-details-inside/sham-valley/slideshow/112808917.cms Ladakh's new districts announced: Full details inside], The Economic Times, 26 August 2024.</ref>

===Religious tourism===

The 19th-century [[Korzok Monastery]] of [[Tibetan Buddhism]], contains statues of [[Shakyamuni]] [[Buddha]] and other deities.<ref name=bud1/>

===Eco tourism===
[[File:Equus hemonius kiang.jpg|thumbnail|Wild [[kiang]] near Tso Kar Lake.]]

[[Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary]], wild animals, lakes, and rare birds are the primary draw of this region.<ref name=rup2/><ref name=rup1/>

=== Kailash range ===

[[Kailash Range]] lakes are [[Pangong Tso]] and [[Spanggur Tso]].

==== Pangong lake ====

[[Pangong Lake]] stretches for 40 miles and is approximately 2 to 4 miles wide, situated at an elevation of 4267 m above sea level. India occupies one-third of the lake, with the rest falling under China's territory. The lake's most notable feature is its water color, which is a vibrant deep blue in the evening and becomes light blue in the morning, catching the eye at first sight. The lake water is not as salty as ocean water, but it is as cold as ice.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Nootan |date=2023-02-18 |title=Pangong Tso will be the highest frozen lake marathon. Aim is Guinness, climate consciousness |url=https://theprint.in/feature/pangong-tso-will-be-the-highest-frozen-lake-marathon-aim-is-guinness-climate-consciousness/1380053/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

==== Spanggur Tso====

[[Spanggur Tso]] lies adjacent to Pangong Lake.

===Rupsho valley ===
{{anchor | Rupsho }}

[[Rupshu|Rupshu]] area has several [[soda lake]]s inside the [[Salt Valley]],<ref name=rup2/><ref name=rup1/> which are also recognised as [[Ramsar site]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ladakh's Tso Kar wetland complex added to list of Ramsar sites |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ladakhs-tso-kar-wetland-complex-added-to-list-of-ramsar-sites/articleshow/79949608.cms|access-date=2020-12-27|website=The Times of India|date=25 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

* [[More plains]] pool
** Tso Kar
** [[Startsapuk Tso]]

* [[Salt Valley]]
** [[Kyago Tso]] (Kyagar Tso)
** [[Tso Moriri]]

* Other lakes in Changthang
** [[Ryul Tso|Chilling Tso]]
** [[Ryul Tso]]

==== Tso Moriri lake ====

Located in the Rupshu|Rupshu Valley, the [[Tso Moriri]] lake is a stunning body of water surrounded by mountains and situated approximately 240 kilometers from Leh. The Lake sits at an altitude of 14,000 ft close to the tiny village of [[Karzok]].<ref name=bud1/>

====Tso Kar====

[[Tso Kar]] (also known as the salt lake), another gorgeous Lake, is situated approximately 76 kilometers away from Tso Moriri.<ref name=bud1>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-06 |title=Gul Panag explores Ladakh's Tso Moriri: Know more about the place |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/destination-of-the-week/gul-panag-ladakh-tso-moriri-about-the-place-8028076/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ladakh Monastery & Villages |url=https://theincredibleladakh.com/ladakh-monastery-and-lake-tour.htm |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=theincredibleladakh.com}}</ref> Tso Kar Lake, also referred to as the 'White Lake,' is located in the Rupshu Plateau and valley in the southern region of Ladakh. Wetlands and lush green meadows are all around it. The water in the lake is slightly salty. There are wide range of birds. A significant quantity of grebes and brown-headed gulls, as well as a few strip geese, rust geese, and terns, can be observed. Tso Kar Lake supports various other animals like Kiang, Tibetan gazelles, Tibetan wolves. The tent-dwelling Samad-Rokchen nomadic group resides around the lake. Thugjay village serves as the central hub of this nomadic community.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ladakh's Tso Kar Wetland Complex added to list of Ramsar site |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/ladakhs-tso-kar-wetland-complex-added-to-list-of-ramsar-site20201224170711/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

===Scientific tourism===
{{anchor | Scientific }}

====Hanle observatory====
{{anchor | IAO}}
[[File:Hanle observatory.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Indian Astronomical Observatory at Hanle.]]

[[Indian Astronomical Observatory]] (IAO), a high-altitude astronomy station in Hanle in [[Western Himalayas]], is operated by the [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]] at an elevation of {{Convert|4500|m|ft}} as [[List of highest astronomical observatories|world's tenth-highest optical telescope]] sites for [[optical telescope|optical]], [[infrared telescope|infrared]], and [[gamma-ray telescope]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Astronomical Observatory, Hanle |url=https://www.iiap.res.in/?q=iao_about |website=Indian Institute of Astrophysics |access-date=13 November 2022 |date=20 November 2020}}</ref>

====ISRO space station====
{{anchor | ISRO}}

[[ISRO]]'s [[Tso_Kar#ISRO|Human Outer Planet Exploration]] (HOPE) station at Tso Kar for [[Indian Human Spaceflight Programme|India’s human space exploration]] mimics conditions on the Moon and Mars and aimed at carrying out ''"research for future crewed interplanetary journeys"'', and acts as testing grounds for relevant technologies, help advance technology readiness levels (TRL) and engineering integration, and facilitate human studies, crew training and research around geological, geomorphological, habitability, and life detection. There are 33 such stations across the world. In August 2025, India began its first ever space simulation at this station in which 2 crew in space suit stayed inside the station for the further research and development.<ref name=hope1>[https://theprint.in/science/mars-in-ladakh-2-scientists-enter-space-bubble-to-test-human-endurance-for-interplanetary-missions/2710366/ ‘Mars’ in Ladakh—2 scientists enter space bubble to test human endurance for interplanetary missions], The Print, 1 Aug 2025.</ref>

==Climate==

The summers are warm but short and thunderstorms can occur at any time of year, often accompanied with hail. Meanwhile, the winters are cold and [[Arctic]]-like despite the latitude, primarily due to the high elevation.<ref name =mel.p44>{{cite book
| last = Goldstein
| first = Melvyn
|author2=Cynthia Beal
| title = Nomads of Western Tibet
| publisher = University of California Press
| year = 1990
| location = Berkeley, CA, UwSA
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/nomadsofwesternt0000gold/page/n46 44]
| url = https://archive.org/details/nomadsofwesternt0000gold
| url-access = limited
| isbn = 978-0-520-07211-4}}</ref>

== Transport ==
{{see also | India-China Border Roads | Tourism in Ladakh#Roads | l2= Tourist roads in Ladakh }}

[[Nyoma]] Airstrip and [[Fukche]] Airstrip in the east are two military airstrips in the district.

{{anchor | HKTR}}
Hanle-Kaza-Tabo Road is being constructed by the [[Border Roads Organisation|BRO]] under the [[Indo-China Border Roads]] (ICBR) scheme. This road connects to and partially overlaps with the 125 km long [[Kiato-Karzok Road]], from Kiato (near [[Kaza, Himachal Pradesh|Kaza]] in [[Lahaul_and_Spiti_district#Physical|Spiti Valley]] in [[Himachal Pradesh]]) through the [[Takling La]] Tunnel (5575 m) to [[Karzok]] (on shores of [[Tso Moriri]]), being constructed by the [[Border Roads Organisation|BRO]] as [[Tourism_in_Ladakh#Roads|fourth alternative route to Ladakh]].<ref name=kart1>{{Cite web
| url = https://www.amarujala.com/shimla/kyato-korzok-road-will-connect-himachal-to-ladakh-army-will-have-easy-access-to-china-border-2025-04-21?pageId=1
| title = Kyato-Korzok road will connect Himachal to Ladakh, army will have easy access to China border
| last =
| first =
| website = Amar Ujala
| date = 2025-04-21
| accessdate = 2025-04-22
}}</ref>

{{anchor | HZIR}}
Hanle-Zursar-Imis La Road was completed by December 2023.<ref name=luk1>[https://www.indiandefensenews.in/2023/08/year-end-deadline-set-for-bro-to.html YEAR-END DEADLINE SET FOR BRO TO COMPLETE 20 ROADS ALONG LAC AS STANDOFF WITH CHINA LOOKS INCREASINGLY IRREVERSIBLE], INDIAN DEFENCE NEWS, AUGUST 03, 2023.</ref>

== See also ==

* [[List of districts of Ladakh]]
* [[Geography of Ladakh]]
* [[Tourism in Ladakh]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|India}}

[[Category:Districts of Ladakh]]

2018 Indian Premier League final

2026-05-02T06:15:37Z

JoannaCostantino:

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox limited overs final
|title = 2018 Indian Premier League final
| event = [[2018 Indian Premier League]]
| team1 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| team1score = 178/6
| team1overs = 20 overs
| team2score = 181/2
| team2overs = 18.1 overs
| details = [[Chennai Super Kings]] won by 8 wickets
| date = 27 May 2018
| stadium = [[Wankhede Stadium]]
| city = [[Mumbai]]
| man_of_the_match = [[Shane Watson]] (CSK)
| umpires = [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA) [[Sundaram Ravi]] (Ind)
| attendance = 33,415
| television =
| previous = [[2017 Indian Premier League final|2017]]
| next = [[2019 Indian Premier League final|2019]]
|image=File:IPL 2018 Final Poster.webp|caption=Match programme cover|imagesize=250px}}

The '''2018 Indian Premier League final''' was a [[Day/night cricket|day/night]] [[Twenty20]] [[cricket]] match played between [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] and [[Chennai Super Kings]], on 27 May 2018 at the [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]. It was to determine the winner of the [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018 season]] of the [[Indian Premier League]], an annual Twenty20 tournament in India.<ref name=card>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League, Final:,May 2018|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136620|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref> For the first time in the history of IPL, the final was played on 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], with all the finals of previous ten seasons played at 20:00 IST.

Chennai defeated Hyderabad by 8 wickets to win their third IPL title. [[Shane Watson]] of Chennai won the player of the match award for his innings of 117 not out off 57 balls.

==Road to the final==
{{main|2018 Indian Premier League|Chennai Super Kings in 2018|Sunrisers Hyderabad in 2018}}

===League stage===
{| style="width:100%;text-align:center"
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#99CCFF"
!colspan="3"|[[Chennai Super Kings]]
!vs
!colspan="3"|[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#C1E0FF"
!colspan="7"|League Stage
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#C1E0FF"
|Opponent
|Scorecard
|Result
|Titles
|Opponent
|Scorecard
|Result
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Mumbai Indians]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136561 7 April 2018]
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 1
|style="text-align:left"|[[Rajasthan Royals]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136564/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-rajasthan-royals-4th-match-indian-premier-league-2018 9 April 2018]
|Won
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136565 10 April 2018]
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 2
|style="text-align:left"|[[Mumbai Indians]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136567/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-mumbai-indians-7th-match-indian-premier-league-2018 12 April 2018]
|Won
|-

|style="text-align:left"|[[Kings XI Punjab]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136572 15 April 2018]
|Lost
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 3
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136570/kolkata-knight-riders-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-10th-match-indian-premier-league-2018 14 April 2018]
|Won
|-

|style="text-align:left"|[[Rajasthan Royals]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136577 20 April 2018]
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 4
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kings XI Punjab]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136576/kings-xi-punjab-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-16th-match-indian-premier-league-2018 19 April 2018]
|Lost
|-

|style="text-align:left"|[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136580 22 April 2018]
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 5
|style="text-align:left"|[[Chennai Super Kings]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136580/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-chennai-super-kings-20th-match-indian-premier-league-2018 22 April 2018]
|Lost
|-

|style="text-align:left"|[[Royal Challengers Bangalore|Royal Challengers]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136584 25 April 2018]
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 6
|style="text-align:left"|[[Mumbai Indians]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136583/mumbai-indians-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-23rd-match-indian-premier-league-2018 24 April 2018]
|Won
|-

|style="text-align:left"|[[Mumbai Indians]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136587 28 April 2018]
|Lost
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 7
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kings XI Punjab]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136585/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-kings-xi-punjab-25th-match-indian-premier-league-2018 26 April 2018]
|Won
|-

|style="text-align:left"|[[Delhi Daredevils]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136590 30 April 2018]
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 8
|style="text-align:left"|[[Rajasthan Royals]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136588/rajasthan-royals-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-28th-match-indian-premier-league-2018 29 April 2018]
|Won
|-

|style="text-align:left"|[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136593 3 May 2018]
|Lost
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 9
|style="text-align:left"|[[Delhi Daredevils]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136596/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-delhi-daredevils-36th-match-indian-premier-league-2018 5 May 2018]
|Won
|-

|style="text-align:left"|[[Royal Challengers Bangalore|Royal Challengers]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136595 5 May 2018]
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 10
|style="text-align:left"|[[Royal Challengers Bangalore|Royal Challengers]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136599/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-39th-match-indian-premier-league-2018 7 May 2018]
|Won
|-

|style="text-align:left"|[[Rajasthan Royals]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136603 11 May 2018]
|Lost
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 11
|style="text-align:left"|[[Delhi Daredevils]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136602/delhi-daredevils-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-42nd-match-indian-premier-league-2018 10 May 2018]
|Won
|-

|style="text-align:left"|[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136606 13 May 2018]
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 12
|style="text-align:left"|[[Chennai Super Kings]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136606/chennai-super-kings-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-46th-match-indian-premier-league-2018 13 May 2018]
|Lost
|-

|style="text-align:left"|[[Delhi Daredevils]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136612 18 May 2018]
|Lost
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 13
|style="text-align:left"|[[Royal Challengers Bangalore|Royal Challengers]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136611/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-51st-match-indian-premier-league-2018 17 May 2018]
|Lost
|-

|style="text-align:left"|[[Kings XI Punjab]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136616 20 May 2018]
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 14
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136614/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-54th-match-indian-premier-league-2018 19 May 2018]
|Lost
|-

|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#C1E0FF"
!colspan="7"|Playoff stage
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#99CCFF"
!colspan="3"|Qualifier 1
!
!colspan="3"|Qualifier 1
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#C1E0FF"
|Opponent
|Scorecard
|Result
|Titles
|Opponent
|Scorecard
|Result
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136617 22 May 2018]
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 15
|style="text-align:left"|[[Chennai Super Kings]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136617 22 May 2018]
|Lost
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#99CCFF"
!colspan="3"|
!
!colspan="3"|Qualifier 2
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#C1E0FF"
|
|
|
|
|Opponent
|Scorecard
|Result
|-
|style="text-align:left"|
|
|
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 16
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1136619 25 May 2018]
|Won
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#C1E0FF"
!colspan="7"|2018 IPL Final
|}

===League Meet-ups===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!No.
!Teams
!Venue
!Winner
!Margin
![[Man of the match|Man of the Match]]
|-

|-
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136580 1]
|CSK vs SRH
|[[Hyderabad]]
| style="background:yellow; text-align:center; color:darkblue;" | '''CSK'''
|4 runs
|[[Ambati Rayudu]] – CSK – 79 (37)
|-
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136606 2]
|CSK vs SRH
|[[Pune]]
| style="background:yellow; text-align:center; color:darkblue;" | '''CSK'''
|8 wickets
|[[Ambati Rayudu]] – CSK – 100* (62)
|-
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136617 3]
|CSK vs SRH
|[[Mumbai]]
| style="background:yellow; text-align:center; color:darkblue;" | '''CSK'''
|2 wickets
|[[Faf du Plessis]] – CSK – 67* (42)
|-

|}

==Details==
[[Shane Watson]] single-handedly won it for CSK by hitting a magnificent century in the biggest game of the season. He made 117 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136620/chennai-super-kings-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-final-indian-premier-league-2018 |title=Shane Watson the hero as CSK claim third IPL crown |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He had scored a century in the earlier stage of the tournament. [[Ambati Rayudu]] hit the winning runs for CSK. SRH bowlers looked out of form, with Bhuvneshwar Kumar and Rashid Khan posing as a threat for CSK as all the other bowlers leaked runs heavily. With this win, CSK lifted the IPL trophy for the 3rd time in their seventh appearance in an IPL final.

===SRH Innings===
After a slow start, opening batsman[[Shikhar Dhawan]] tried to up the ante against the strict bowling. Uncapped Bowler and Former SRH player [[Karn Sharma]] was introduced into the attack in the 7th over. Both Dhawan and captain Williamson were keeping it slow and steady going for a boundary every over. SRH could only add 18 runs in the last 2 overs. SRH had posted a total of 178/6 which was just about par.<ref name=iplt20Fstats>{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Rajneesh|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/144850/quick-stats-final-csk-vs-srh|title=Quick Stats: Final - CSK vs SRH|publisher=IPLT20|date=27 May 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527213446/https://www.iplt20.com/news/144850/quick-stats-final-csk-vs-srh|archive-date=27 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

===CSK Innings===
[[Faf du Plessis]] and [[Shane Watson]] opened the innings for CSK while [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] bowled the first over for his team. The Super Kings lost du Plessis early but Watson and Raina did not give the Sunrisers any chance to bounce back with their 117-run partnership. Though Watson started slowly playing out Bhuvneshwar's overs, he pummeled the other Sunrisers bowlers to reach his second century in the IPL season. After Raina's departure, Rayudu joined hands with Watson to complete the chase for the Super Kings and helped them lift their third IPL trophy.<ref name=iplt20F>{{Cite web|last=Gopalakrishnan|first=Arun|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/144919/report-final-csk-vs-srh|title=Report: Final - CSK vs SRH|publisher=IPLT20|date=27 May 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527213117/https://www.iplt20.com/news/144919/report-final-csk-vs-srh|archive-date=27 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Result==
* '''On-field [[umpire (cricket)|umpires]]''': [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA) and [[Sundaram Ravi]] (Ind)
* '''[[Third umpire]]''': [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
* '''[[Fourth umpire|Reserve umpire]]''': [[Yeshwant Barde]] (Ind)
* '''[[Match referee]]''': [[Andy Pycroft]] (Zim)
* '''[[Toss (cricket)|Toss]]''': Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to field.

'''Hyderabad Batting'''
{| class="wikitable sortable nowrap" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="text-align:center;background:#FF5D00; color:Black;"|Batting
! style="text-align:center;background:#FF5D00; color:Black;"|Dismissal
! style="text-align:center;background:#FF5D00; color:Black;"|Runs
! style="text-align:center;background:#FF5D00; color:Black;"|Balls
! style="text-align:center;background:#FF5D00; color:Black;"|4s
! style="text-align:center;background:#FF5D00; color:Black;"|6s
! style="text-align:center;background:#FF5D00; color:Black;"|SR
|-
| [[Shreevats Goswami]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]]) || run out ([[Karn Sharma|K Sharma]]|| 5 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 100
|-
| [[Shikhar Dhawan]] || b [[Ravindra Jadeja|Jadeja]]|| 26 || 25 || 2 || 1 || 104
|-
| [[Kane Williamson]] ([[Captain (cricket)|C]]) || st [[Dhoni]] b [[Karn Sharma|K Sharma]]|| 47 || 36 || 5 || 2 || 130.55
|-
| [[Shakib Al Hasan]] || c [[Suresh Raina|Raina]] b [[Dwayne Bravo|Bravo]]|| 23 || 15 || 2 || 1 || 153.33
|-
| [[Yusuf Pathan]] || [[Not out]]|| 45 || 25 || 4 || 2 || 180
|-
| [[Deepak Hooda]] || c sub ([[Dhruv Shorey|Shorey]]) b [[Lungi Ngidi|Lungi]]|| 3 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 75
|-
| [[Carlos Brathwaite]] || c [[Ambati Rayudu|Rayudu]] b [[Shardul Thakur|Thakur]]|| 21 || 11 || 0 || 3 || 190.90
|-
| [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] || Did not Bat || - || - || - || -||-
|-
| [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] || Did not Bat || - || - || - || -||-
|-
| [[Siddarth Kaul]] || Did not Bat || - || - || - || -||-
|-
| [[Sandeep Sharma]] || Did not Bat || - || - || - || -||-
|-
| Extras (8)
|colspan="6" style="text-align: right;" |(B: 0, LB: 1, NB: 1, WD: 6, P: 0)
|-
| Total
|colspan="6" style="text-align: right;" | 178/6 (20.0)RR: 8.9
|}
'''Chennai Bowling'''
{| class="wikitable sortable nowrap" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:6%;background:yellow; color:black;"|Player
! style="width:4%;background:yellow; color:black;"|Overs
! style="width:2%;background:yellow; color:black;"|M
! style="width:2%;background:yellow; color:black;"|Runs
! style="width:3%;background:yellow; color:black;"|Wickets
! style="width:4%;background:yellow; color:black;"|No Ball
! style="width:4%;background:yellow; color:black;"|WD
! style="width:4%;background:yellow; color:black;"|E/R
|-
| [[Deepak Chahar]] || 4 || 0 || 25 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 6.25
|-
| [[Lungi Ngidi]] || 4 || 1 || 26 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 6.5
|-
| [[Shardul Thakur]] || 3 || 0 || 31 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 10.33
|-
| [[Karn Sharma]] || 3 || 0 || 25 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 8.33
|-
| [[Dwayne Bravo]] || 4 || 0 || 46 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 11.5
|-
| [[Ravindra Jadeja]] || 2 || 0 || 24 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 12
|}
'''Chennai Batting'''
{| class="wikitable sortable nowrap" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="text-align:center;background:yellow; color:Black;"|Batting
! style="text-align:center;background:yellow; color:Black;"|Dismissal
! style="text-align:center;background:yellow; color:Black;"|Runs
! style="text-align:center;background:yellow; color:Black;"|Balls
! style="text-align:center;background:yellow; color:Black;"|4s
! style="text-align:center;background:yellow; color:Black;"|6s
! style="text-align:center;background:yellow; color:Black;"|SR
|-
| [[Shane Watson]] || [[Not out]]|| 117 || 57 || 11 || 8 || 205.26
|-
| [[Faf du Plessis]] || c & b [[Sandeep Sharma|Sandeep]] || 10 || 11 || 1 || 0 || 90.90
|-
| [[Suresh Raina]] || c [[Shreevats Goswami|Goswami]] b [[Carlos Brathwaite|Brathwaite]]|| 32 || 24 || 3 || 1 || 133.33
|-
| [[Ambati Rayudu]] || [[Not out]]|| 16 || 19 || 1 || 1 || 84.21
|-
| [[MS Dhoni]] ([[Captain (cricket)|C]]) ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])|| Did not Bat || - || - || - || || -
|-
| [[Dwayne Bravo]]|| Did not Bat || - || - || - || || -
|-
| [[Ravindra Jadeja]]|| Did not Bat || - || - || - || || -
|-
| [[Deepak Chahar]]|| Did not Bat || - || - || - || || -
|-
| [[Karn Sharma]]|| Did not Bat || - || - || - || || -
|-
| [[Shardul Thakur]]|| Did not Bat || - || - || - || || -
|-
| [[Lungi Ngidi]]|| Did not Bat || - || - || - || || -
|-
| Extras (6)
| colspan="6" style="text-align: right;" | (B: 0, LB: 3, NB: 0, WD: 3, P: 0)
|-
| Total
| colspan="6" style="text-align: right;" | 181/2 (18.3)RR: 9.78
|}
'''Hyderabad Bowling'''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! style="width:7%;background:#FF5D00; color:black;"|Player
! style="width:7%;background:#FF5D00; color:black;"|Overs
! style="width:3%;background:#FF5D00; color:black;"|M
! style="width:7%;background:#FF5D00; color:black;"|Runs
! style="width:7%;background:#FF5D00; color:black;"|Wickets
! style="width:7%;background:#FF5D00; color:black;"|No Ball
! style="width:4%;background:#FF5D00; color:black;"|WD
! style="width:4%;background:#FF5D00; color:black;"|E/R
|-
| [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] || 4 || 1 || 17 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 4.25
|-
| [[Sandeep Sharma]] || 4 || 0 || 52 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 13
|-
| [[Siddarth Kaul]] || 3 || 0 || 43 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 14.33
|-
| [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] || 4 || 1 || 24 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 6
|-
| [[Shakib Al Hasan]] || 1 || 0 || 15 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 15
|-
| [[Carlos Brathwaite]] || 2.3 || 0 || 27 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 10.8
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian Premier League}}

[[Category:2018 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:May 2018 sports events in India]]
[[Category:Indian Premier League finals]]

Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh

2026-04-28T17:12:20Z

JoannaCostantino: created biography.

{{Short description|Indian-born American scholar in Sikhism and professor}}
{{Infobox academic
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| name = Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh
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| parents = [[Harbans Singh]] (father)
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| education = *[[Wellesley College]]
*[[University of Pennsylvania]]
*[[Temple University]]
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| discipline = Religious studies
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| workplaces = [[Colby College]]
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| main_interests = Gender in Sikhism
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'''Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh''', also known as '''Nikky Singh''', is an Indian-born American scholar in [[Sikhism]], and professor and chair of the Department of Religious Studies at [[Colby College]] in [[Waterville, Maine|Waterville]], Maine, USA.

Singh joined Colby in 1986. She translates Sikh religious works into English and examines gender in Sikhism. Her books include ''"The Feminine Principle in the Sikh Vision of the Transcendent'' (1993)''"'', ''"The Name of My Beloved: Verses of the Sikh Gurus'' (1995)''"'', ''"Sikhism: An Introduction'' (2011)''"'', ''"The First Sikh: The Life and Legacy of Guru Nanak'' (2019)''"'', and ''"Janamsakhi: Paintings of Guru Nanak in Early Sikh Art'' (2023)''"''.

A day, 26 March, in the city of [[Fresno, California|Fresno]], California, is named for her.

==Early life and education==
Nikky Singh was born in India, to [[Harbans Singh]], professor of religious studies at [[Punjabi University]].<ref name=Colby2023>{{cite web |title=Flesh and Spirit |url=https://news.colby.edu/story/nikky-guninder-kaur-singh-flesh-and-spirit/ |website=www.news.colby.edu |access-date=2 January 2024 |date=12 June 2023}}</ref> She attended [[Stuart Hall School]], a girls’ preparatory school in Virginia, in the United States.<ref name=Carleton>{{cite web |title=Dr. Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh - Canada-India Centre |url=https://carleton.ca/india/symposium-on-sikhism-2/dr-nikky-guninder-kaur-singh/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102032322/https://carleton.ca/india/symposium-on-sikhism-2/dr-nikky-guninder-kaur-singh/ |archive-date=2 January 2024 |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=carleton.ca |publisher=Canada-India Centre}}</ref><ref name=SikhNet/> Subsequently, she gained a place at [[Wellesley College]], from where she received a bachelor's degree in philosophy and religion in 1978.<ref name=Colby2023/><ref name=Colby>{{cite web |title=Nikky Singh |url=https://www.colby.edu/people/people-directory/nikky-singh/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219191233/https://www.colby.edu/people/people-directory/nikky-singh/ |archive-date=19 December 2023 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=www.colby.edu}}</ref> There, her thesis was on "Physics and Metaphysics of Sikh scripture".<ref name=CAH2020>{{cite web |title=Faculty Research Spotlight: Professor Nikky Singh's The First Sikh |url=https://cah.colby.edu/2020/08/03/faculty-research-spotlight-professor-nikky-singhs-the-first-sikh/ |website=www.cah.colby.edu |publisher=Colby |access-date=6 January 2024 |date=3 August 2020}}</ref> She received her master's degree from the [[University of Pennsylvania]] in 1982, and her PhD from [[Temple University]] in 1987.<ref name=Colby2023/><ref name=Colby/>

==Career==
Singh joined [[Colby College]] in [[Waterville, Maine|Waterville]], Maine, in 1986.<ref name=Colby2023/> She translates Sikh religious works into English, examines gender in Sikhism, and focuses on poetics.<ref name=Repstad2013>{{cite book |last1=Repstad |first1=Pål |last2=Furseth |first2=Inger |title=An Introduction to the Sociology of Religion: Classical and Contemporary Perspectives |date=2013 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |location=Aldershot |isbn=978-0-7546-5653-1 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SuBYbzcfHWoC&pg=PA183 |language=en |chapter=11. Religion and gender|page=183}}</ref><ref name=Majhail2022>{{cite book |last1=Majhail |first1=Harjinder Singh |title=The construction of complex and dynamic Sikh identity in contemporary fiction in English |date=September 2022 |publisher=University of Derby |url=https://repository.derby.ac.uk/download/a094beb4e8bc4e2e4ce1d508e2a6167128f6edcdfcb2da6c3abe3081d8c88db0/1905667/The_Construction_of_Complex_and_Dynamic_Sikh_Identity_in_Contemporary_Fiction_in_English.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-26 |access-date=2024-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026012920/https://repository.derby.ac.uk/download/a094beb4e8bc4e2e4ce1d508e2a6167128f6edcdfcb2da6c3abe3081d8c88db0/1905667/The_Construction_of_Complex_and_Dynamic_Sikh_Identity_in_Contemporary_Fiction_in_English.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref name=Mandair2013>{{cite book |last1=Mandair |first1=Arvind-Pal S. |last2=Shackle |first2=Christopher |last3=Singh |first3=Gurharpal |title=Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |location=Abingdon, Oxon |isbn=978-0-700-71389-9 |page=viii |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8xdAgAAQBAJ |language=en |chapter=Contributors}}</ref> British scholar of Sikhism, [[Eleanor Nesbitt]], notes that while modern day scholars tend to avoid using the terms "his", "he", and him", Singh's English translations of the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] also uses gender neutral terms such as “Sovereign” as an alternative to the more traditional “God” and “Lord”.<ref name=Nesbitt2016>{{cite book |last1=Nesbitt |first1=Eleanor M. |title=Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction |date=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-874557-0 |edition=2nd |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XebnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA103 |language=en |chapter=7. Attitudes to caste, gender, and other faiths|pages=103–105}}</ref> Singh questions academics who have not asked about the women within the lives of the Gurus, and is one of several scholars that argue that [[Guru Nanak]] was a social reformer who spoke out against the caste system, the status of Indian women and superstition in religion.<ref name=Ruprai2013>{{cite book |last1=Ruprai |first1=Sharanpal Kaur |title=Being Sikh, Being Women: Negotiating Religion and Gender in South Asian Women's Cultural Productions |date=August 2013 |publisher=York University |location=Toronto |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/77106208.pdf |quote=Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of graduate studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy}}</ref>

In ''[[The Feminine Principle in the Sikh Vision of the Transcendent]]'' (1993), Singh's first book, she sees value in [[women in Sikhism]] as reflected in feminine words such as [[Gurbani|Bani]].<ref name=Jhutti2011>{{cite book |last1=Jhutti Johal |first1=Jagbir |author-link=Jagbir Jhutti Johal|title=Sikhism Today |date=2011 |publisher=A&C Black |location=London |isbn=978-1-84706-272-7 |pages=41–45 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=37i7uAYe6QEC&pg=PA41|language=en |chapter=2. Sikhism and women}}</ref><ref name=Axel2001>{{cite book |last1=Axel |first1=Brian Keith |title=The Nation's Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh "diaspora" |date=2001 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-2615-1 |page=36 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gj8yJsixw8QC&pg=PA36 |language=en |chapter=Introduction. Promise and threat}}</ref> In the same work she analysed the "mother" image depicted in Sikh writings, and described bridal jewellery as being empowering to women.<ref name=Clary2003>Clary, Randi Lynn. [https://repository.rice.edu/items/67a8d5d1-a83b-4598-ac39-32fcbd5ccf06 "'Sikhing' a husband: Bridal imagery and gender in Sikh scripture."] (2003) Master’s Thesis, Rice University. https://hdl.handle.net/1911/17645, p. 58</ref><ref name=Jhutti2011/> In 1995, she published ''The Name of My Beloved: Verses of the Sikh Gurus''.<ref name=Warne2016>{{cite book |last1=Warne |first1=Nathaniel A. |title=Emotions and Religious Dynamics |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-14455-7 |page=36 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D_soDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA36 |language=en}}</ref> Along with her first book, [[Doris R. Jakobsh]] describes Singh's 2005 book titled ''The Birth of the Khalsa: A Feminist Re-Memory of Sikh Identity '', as "groundbreaking"..."flinging open wide the doors to feminist approaches".<ref name=Jakobsh2021>{{cite book |last1=Jakobsh |first1=Doris R. |editor1-last=Jakobsh |editor1-first=Doris R. |title=Exploring Gender and Sikh Traditions |date=2021 |publisher=MDPI |location=Basil |isbn=978-3-0365-1190-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1T9AEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |language=en |chapter=1. Introduction to the special issue; exploring gender and Sikh traditions}}</ref> According to Singh, Guru Nanak was "the first feminist", whose understanding of equality for women was innovative for that time, and generations of Sikhs have not given women the equality that the Gurus preached.<ref name=Jhutti2011/><ref name=Singh2014>{{cite book |last1=Fenech |first1=Louis E. |editor1-last=Singh |editor1-first=Pashaura |editor2-last=Fenech |editor2-first=Louis E. |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-969930-8 |page=40 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YwNAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA40|language=en |chapter=2. The evolution of the Sikh community}}</ref><ref name=Mann2015>{{cite book |last1=Mann |first1=J. S. |title=Review Of Doris R. Jakobsh 'Relocating Gender In Sikh History' |date=2015 |publisher=University of British Columbia |pages=4–6 |url=https://archive.org/details/ReviewOfDorisR.JakobshrelocatingGenderInSikhHistory/page/n5/mode/2up?q=friend |language=English}}</ref>

Her ''[[Sikhism: An Introduction]]'' was published in 2011.<ref name=Thursby2013>{{cite journal |last1=Thursby |first1=Gene R. |title=Review of Sikhism: An Introduction |journal=International Journal of Hindu Studies |date=2013 |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=120–123 |jstor=24713573 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24713573 |issn=1022-4556|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In her essay "Revising the Divine", Singh questions male-dominated historical interpretations of Sikhism, and makes plain that the mother image is the "source of creation and wisdom", and bringing that notion to the forefront when examining holy scriptures is one forward development to counteracting what she sees as male prejudice against women in Sikh communities.<ref name=Hunt2017>{{cite book |last1=Hunt |first1=Stephen |title=Religions of the East |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-90475-9 |page=25 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4AokDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT25 |language=en |chapter=Preface}}</ref> Singh disagrees with the view that the name "[[Kaur]]" came about during British rule in India.<ref name=Singh2019>{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Jaspal Kaur |title=Negotiating Ambivalent Gender Spaces for Collective and Individual Empowerment: Sikh Women's Life Writing in the Diaspora |journal=Religions |date=November 2019 |volume=10 |issue=11 |pages=598 |doi=10.3390/rel10110598 |doi-access=free |language=en |issn=2077-1444}}</ref> She traces the name to [[Guru Gobind Singh]], the last of the ten Gurus.<ref name=Singh2019/>

In ''[[Janamsakhi: Paintings of Guru Nanak in Early Sikh Art]]'' (2023), Singh looks at the B40 Janamsakhi, part of the small surviving collection of early [[Janamsakhis]].<ref name=Tribune2023>{{cite news |title=Nikky-Guninder Kur's 'Janamsakhi' gives a peek into rich Sikh art |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/reviews/story/nikky-guninder-kurs-janamsakhi-gives-a-peek-into-rich-sikh-art-485251 |access-date=2 January 2024 |work=The Tribune}}</ref> In the work she highlights how early Sikh images show Guru Nanak within a range of depictions.<ref name=Boivin2024>{{cite book |last1=Boivin |first1=Michel |editor1-last=Boivin |editor1-first=Michel |editor2-last=Pénicaud |editor2-first=Manoël |title=Inter-religious Practices and Saint Veneration in the Muslim World: Khidr/Khizr from the Middle East to South Asia |date=2024 |publisher=Routledge |location=Abingdon |isbn=978-1-032-47864-7 |page=89 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=udDSEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA89|language=en |chapter=4. Khwaja Khizr in iconographic translation: the changing visual idiom of a complex figure from South Asia}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==
In 2022, the city of [[Fresno, California|Fresno]], California, honored Singh by naming 26 March as "Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh Day."<ref name=Central2022>{{cite news |title=California city honors Waterville resident, Colby professor |url=https://www.centralmaine.com/2022/04/06/california-city-honors-waterville-resident-colby-professor/ |access-date=2 January 2024 |work=Kennebec Journal and Morning Sentinel |date=6 April 2022}}</ref> She was awarded a fellowship from the Department of Historical Studies of [[Punjabi University]], [[Patiala]].<ref name="SikhNet">{{cite web |date=18 March 2016 |title=Prof. Nikky Guninder Kaur Singh ~ Fellowship Awarded |url=https://www.sikhnet.com/news/prof-nikky-guninder-kaur-singh-fellowship-awarded |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106060309/https://www.sikhnet.com/news/prof-nikky-guninder-kaur-singh-fellowship-awarded |archive-date=6 January 2024 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=SikhNet |language=en}}</ref>

==Selected publications==
===Articles===
*{{cite journal |title=The Myth of the Founder: The Janamsākhīs and Sikh Tradition |journal=History of Religions |date=1992 |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=329–343 |jstor=1062798 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1062798 |issn=0018-2710 |doi=10.1086/463291 |s2cid=161226516 |last1=Singh |first1=Nikky-Guninder Kaur |url-access=subscription }}
*{{cite journal |title=The Sikh Bridal Symbol: An Epiphany of Interconnections |journal=Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion |date=1992 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=41–64 |jstor=25002180 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25002180 |issn=8755-4178 |last1=Singh |first1=Nikky-Guninder Kaur }}
*{{cite journal |title=Why Did I Not Light the Fire? The Refeminization of Ritual in Sikhism |journal=Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion |date=2000 |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=63–85 |jstor=25002376 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25002376 |issn=8755-4178 |last1=Singh |first1=Nikky-Guninder Kaur }}
*{{cite journal |title=Sacred Fabric and Sacred Stitches: The Underwear of the Khalsa |journal=History of Religions |date=2004 |volume=43 |issue=4 |pages=284–302 |doi=10.1086/426737 |jstor=10.1086/426737 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/426737 |issn=0018-2710 |s2cid=224807538 |last1=Kaur Singh |first1=Nikky-Guninder |url-access=subscription }}
*{{cite journal |title=Re-Imagining the Divine in Sikhism |journal=Feminist Theology |date=May 2008 |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=332–349 |doi=10.1177/0966735008091398 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0966735008091398 |language=en |issn=0966-7350 |s2cid=220710438 |last1=Kaur Singh |first1=Nikky-Guninder |url-access=subscription }}

===Books===
*{{cite book|title=The Feminine Principle in the Sikh Vision of the Transcendent |date=1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-43287-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eUJICz55HFMC |language=en}}
*{{cite book |title=The Name of My Beloved: Verses of the Sikh Gurus |date=1995 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-0-06-067049-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/TheNameOfMyBeloved-VersesOfTheSikhGurus |language=en}}
*{{cite book |title=The Birth of the Khalsa: A Feminist Re-Memory of Sikh Identity |date=2005|publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-0-7914-8266-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=squPx387FuwC |language=en}}
*{{cite book |title=Sikhism: An Introduction |date=2011 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-85773-549-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8daLDwAAQBAJ |language=en}}
*{{cite book|title=Of Sacred and Secular Desire: An Anthology of Lyrical Writings from the Punjab |date=2012 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-85773-098-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_J6LDwAAQBAJ |language=en}}
*{{cite book |title=The First Sikh: The Life and Legacy of Guru Nanak |date=2019 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5305-710-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ySm-DwAAQBAJ}}
*{{cite book |title=Janamsakhi: Paintings of Guru Nanak in Early Sikh Art |date=2023 |publisher=Roli Books |isbn=978-93-92130-80-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DfehzwEACAAJ |language=en}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:21st-century American translators]]
[[Category:21st-century American women academics]]
[[Category:21st-century American academics]]
[[Category:Sikh writers]]
[[Category:Sikh feminists]]
[[Category:Wellesley College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni]]
[[Category:Colby College people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Scholars of Sikhism]]
[[Category:American religion academics]]

Dappankuthu

2026-04-25T09:05:20Z

JoannaCostantino: new new entry v1

{{Short description|Music genre and type of dance}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}

{{Infobox music genre
| name = Dappan Kuthu
| other_names = Dappan Kuthu Kuthu
| image = Dappankuthu.jpg
| caption = A typical Dappankuthu move
| stylistic_origins = Tamil dance, [[Dance forms of Tamil Nadu]]
| cultural_origins = [[Tamil Nadu]]
}}

'''Dappankuthu''' (or simply '''Kuthu'''; {{IPAc-en|d|ə|p|ɑː|ŋ|k|u|θ|u}}) is a folk dance and music genre, that is typically danced to the [[Gaana]] [[music genre]] or Kuthu Beats with an emphasis on [[Percussion instrument|percussion]] performed in the [[South India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is one of several popular genres employed in film music, mainly in [[Tamil cinema]] and other South films, filmed and produced by people of [[Tamil culture]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 October 2003 |title=Versatility is his forte |work=[[Business Line]] |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2003/10/06/stories/2003100600170400.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=8 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930231954/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2003/10/06/stories/2003100600170400.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref>
Unlike classical Indian dances such as [[bharatanatyam]] or [[kathakali]], dappankuthu is relatively informal in that it has no structured, repeated steps and dancers do not learn through formal dance classes. It shares its emphasis on percussion with older folk dances of [[Tamil Nadu]], such as [[kummi]] and kolattam.

== Musical instruments ==

A percussion instrument called [[parai]] in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], without the jingles, is often used for dappankuthu or similar dance forms. Unlike normal tambourines, this requires a wooden stick to play. Telugu teenmaar uses [[Daf|daf drums]], associated there with [[Siddi|Siddi people]].<ref name="Pitchfork">{{Cite web |last=Thapliyal |first=Adesh |date=10 March 2023 |title=A Brief History of South Indian Kuthu and Teenmaar Music in 10 Songs |url=https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/naatu-naatu-south-indian-kuthu-in-10-songs/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328033448/https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/naatu-naatu-south-indian-kuthu-in-10-songs/ |archive-date=28 March 2023 |access-date=30 March 2023 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref> The [[urumi (drum)|urumee]] drum is also often used. A customised trumpet (called [[Nadaswaram]] locally) is also sometimes employed. The rhythm of the dappankuthu is often signified by a mix of beat patterns layered and flowing into one another. Other percussion instruments may be employed in dappankuthu. A similar instrument called ''TamaTe'' in Kannada resembling a Ganesh [[tambourine]] is also used for such dance forms in border areas such as M.M. Hills. The most-used [[time signature]] for dappankuthu songs is {{music|time|6|8}}.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Varma |first=Karthik |date=1 April 2013 |title=Variations on the 6/8 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/variations-on-the-68/article4568073.ece |url-status=live |access-date=28 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128092851/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/variations-on-the-68/article4568073.ece |archive-date=28 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Frederick |first=Prince |date=2 July 2011 |title=Pen, pencil, percussion |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/pen-pencil-percussion/article2151790.ece |url-status=live |access-date=28 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128092850/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/pen-pencil-percussion/article2151790.ece |archive-date=28 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ravi |first=Bhama Devi |date=26 July 2008 |title=Abhishek does a Vijay |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Abhishek-does-a-Vijay/articleshow/3279565.cms |url-status=live |access-date=28 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128094415/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Abhishek-does-a-Vijay/articleshow/3279565.cms |archive-date=28 November 2021}}</ref>

== Outfit and embellishments ==
Even though any attire can be worn when one dances the dappankuthu, a [[lungi]] (colourful cloth wrapped around the waist) is commonly worn and most preferable, with the bottom raised and folded upwards over the knees in the middle. Ideally, it should be worn over pattapatti (lined trousers). The shirt worn would have only two or three buttons in place, while the chest portion is left wide open and at the lower part of the shirt is knotted (using the two portions of the shirt). It is also common to tie a handkerchief or bandana around one's forehead and/or wrist.

Loud [[clapping]] and [[whistling]] by spectators often accompany the dappankuthu dance. Spectators are also known to set off [[firecracker]]s called locally as "Pattaasu" on the ground during the performance.

Facial expressions are employed for effect by the dancers. For example, the tongue, folded over and held in position with the front teeth, is brought out at regular intervals.

In Male Mahadeshwara hills of Karnataka bordering Tamil Nadu, the music for this dance will be played for money, and the believers can dance for longer time.
Particularly in this hill, there is a saying that god feels happy if his believers dance for him.

== Kuthu pop ==
The genre has been a staple of [[Tamil cinema]], with the composer [[Ilaiyaraaja]] credited with popularising kuthu and other [[Indian folk music|folk music]] in 70s cinema scores. Early on, the composers incorporated kuthu rhythms (and instruments) as a brief element to otherwise "classical" songs. Cinema is also responsible for incorporating singing into the instrumental genre of dappankuthu, with the trend flourishing in 2000s and giving birth to the modern kuthu pop.<ref name="Pitchfork" />

== Global attention ==
Kuthu has come a long way being combined with street styles and incorporated with hip hop culture, most noticeably when infused in the songs "[[Boyz (M.I.A. song)|Boyz]]" and "[[Bird Flu]]" by [[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]] on her 2007 album ''[[Kala (album)|Kala]].''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramesh |first=Prithvi |date=5 July 2008 |title=My Five |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/07/05/stories/2008070553430500.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=24 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107174428/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/07/05/stories/2008070553430500.htm |archive-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> Now we see many Indian choreographers all over the world who combine Kuthu with street styles who are gaining global attention. [[Travis Scott]] incorporated Kuthu drums on the song “[[Sirens (Travis Scott song)|SIRENS]]” from his 2023 album [[Utopia (Travis Scott album)|Utopia]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S25s9blboA8 A sample of the dappankuthu dance]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mr-zER6idsM A sample of the dappankuthu beat]

[[Category:Performing arts in Chennai]]
[[Category:Folk dances of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil dance styles]]
[[Category:Tamil music]]

Punahana Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:38:38Z

JoannaCostantino: created a entry

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Haryana State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Punahana
| preceded_by = [[Rahish Khan]]
| type = SLA
| map_image = Punahana Assembly constituency map.svg
| alliance = [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| region =
| constituency_no = 81
| established = 2009
| mla = [[Chaudhary Mohd Ilyas|Mohammad Ilyas]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| state = [[Haryana]]
| district = [[Nuh district|Nuh]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Gurgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gurgaon]]
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| electors = 2,04,686
}}
'''Punahana''' is one of the 90 [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of the Indian state of [[Haryana]].<ref name=eci1>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=The Election Commission of India |pages=6, 148–157}}</ref> It is a part of the [[Nuh district]] in [[Haryana]]. It was established in 2009 by carving out parts from the [[Nuh Assembly constituency|Nuh]] and [[Ferozepur Jhirka Assembly constituency|Ferozepur Jhirka]] assembly constituencies.

[[Chaudhary Mohammad Ilyas|Mohammed Ilyas]] has served as the Member of Legislative Assembly the greatest number of times from this constituency.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=3|Party
|-
|[[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[Chaudhary Mohd Ilyas|Mohammad Ilyas]]<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3826-haryana-2009/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2009 |date=21 January 2020 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=14 April 2022}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal}}
|-
|[[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Rahish Khan]]<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3827-haryana-2014/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |date=21 January 2020 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=14 April 2022}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| rowspan=2|[[Chaudhary Mohd Ilyas|Mohammad Ilyas]]<ref name=results2019/>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|-
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Punahana<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/statewiseS071.htm |title=State wise result |work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=8 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mohammad Ilyas (politician)|Mohammad Ilyas]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=85,300 |percentage=58.31% |change={{increase}}29.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rahish Khan]] |party=Independent politician |votes=53,384 |percentage=36.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohd Aizaz Khan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,072 |percentage=3.47% |change={{decrease}}14.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nayab Hussain |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=854 |percentage=0.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ataullah |party=Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram) |votes=829 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=345 |percentage=0.24% |change={{decrease}}0.26 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=31,916 |percentage=21.82% |change= {{increase}}21.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,46,279 |percentage=70.91% |change= {{increase}}0.14 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,04,686 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.65 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}29.55 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Punahana<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate= 2 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chaudhary Mohammad Ilyas]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=35,092 |percentage=28.76% |change={{increase}}17.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rahish Khan]]|party=Independent politician |votes=34,276 |percentage=28.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Nauksham Chaudhary]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=21,421 |percentage=17.56% |change={{decrease}}4.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Iqbal |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=17,327 |percentage=14.20% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhan Khan |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=10,809 |percentage=8.86% |change={{decrease}}17.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Azmat |party=Independent politician |votes=734 |percentage=0.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prahlad |party=Independent politician |votes=702 |percentage=0.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=611 |percentage=0.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=816 |percentage=0.67% |change= {{decrease}}2.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,22,014 |percentage=70.77% |change= {{decrease}}5.77 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,72,398 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.77 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}0.80 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Punahana<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS07.htm?st=S07|title=Haryana Results|access-date=19 October 2014|archive-date=16 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216120445/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS074.htm?ac=4|url-status=dead|website=Election Commission of India, Constituencywise-All Candidates }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rahish Khan]]|party=Independent politician |votes=34,281 |percentage=29.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chaudhary Mohammad Ilyas]] |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=31,140 |percentage=26.85% |change={{increase}}3.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Iqbal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=25,135 |percentage=21.67% |change={{increase}}20.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhan Khan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,809 |percentage=11.04% |change={{decrease}}3.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dayawati |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=10,096 |percentage=8.70% |change={{decrease}}11.21 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,141 |percentage=2.71% |change= {{decrease}}0.60 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,15,987 |percentage=76.54% |change= {{increase}}3.70 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,51,538 |ref = |change= {{increase}}35.85 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= {{increase}}6.34 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Punahana}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chaudhary Mohammad Ilyas]] |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=18,865 |percentage=23.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dayawati Bhadana|party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=16,177 |percentage=19.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Iqbal |party=Independent politician |votes=11,664 |percentage=14.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Akhtar Hussain |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,564 |percentage=14.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rahish Khan]]|party=Independent politician |votes=9,774 |percentage=12.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohd. Aizaz |party=Independent politician |votes=6,665 |percentage=8.20% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sahab Khan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,611 |percentage=3.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tayyub |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=836 |percentage=1.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nasru Alias Kutar |party=Braj Vikas Party |votes=766 |percentage=0.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Safi Mohammad |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=433 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,688 |percentage=3.31% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=81,252 |percentage=72.84% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,11,551 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Nuh district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Haryana constituencies}}

{{coord|27.87|77.2|display=title}}

[[Category:Nuh district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana]]
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Haryana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2009]]

Siwana Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:36:43Z

JoannaCostantino: Adding New Article Needs Work

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Rajasthan State, India}}{{expand list|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Siwana
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-138-Siwana.svg
| mla = [[Hameersingh Bhayal]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| district = [[Barmer district|Barmer]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Barmer Lok Sabha constituency|Barmer]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:276251}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/all_files/full-statistical-reports/rajasthan/2023/Detailed_Results.pdf |title=State Election,2023 to the legislative assembly of Rajasthan |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 138
}}
'''Siwana Assembly constituency''' is one of the 200 [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/map/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP.pdf |title=New Assembly Constituencies |website=ceorajasthan.nic.in |date=25 January 2006| access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref> It is in [[Barmer district|Barmer]] district.<ref name="election2006">"[https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/map/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP.pdf New Assembly Constituencies]" (PDF). ''ceorajasthan.nic.in''. 25 January 2006. Retrieved 29 March 2021.</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| [[Teekam Chand Kant]]<ref name=election2003>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3403-rajasthan-2003/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2003 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=14 January 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[Kansingh]]<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3407-rajasthan-2008/|title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3411-rajasthan-2013/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2013 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=30 September 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
| rowspan=3|[[Hameersingh Bhayal]]
|-
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref
name=election2018/>
|-
|[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name=election2023 name="election2023-1">{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/all_files/full-statistical-reports/rajasthan/2023/Detailed_Results.pdf |title=State Election,2023 to the legislative assembly of Rajasthan |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Siwana<ref name=election2023 name="election2023-2">{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/all_files/full-statistical-reports/rajasthan/2023/Detailed_Results.pdf |title=State Election,2023 to the legislative assembly of Rajasthan |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="election2023"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Manvendra Singh Jasol]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:44115}}
|percentage = 24.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Mahendra Kumar]]
|party = Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
|votes = {{formatnum:7486}}
|percentage = 4.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Hamir Singh Bhayal
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:62875}}
|percentage = 35.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Sunil Parihar]]
|party = Independent
|votes = 51068
|percentage = 28.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 2260
|percentage = 1.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Manghu Singh]]
|party = Independent
|votes = 3247
|percentage = 1.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 11807
|percentage = 6.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 178703
|percentage = 95.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Siwana<ref name="election2023"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Hameer Singh Bhayal
|votes = {{formatnum:62875}}
|percentage = 35.18
|change = +3.45
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sunil Parihar
|votes = {{formatnum:51068}}
|percentage = 28.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Manvendra Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:44115}}
|percentage = 24.69
|change = +12.07
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
|candidate = Mahendra Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:7486}}
|percentage = 4.19
|change = -7.79
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Mangusingh
|votes = {{formatnum:3248}}
|percentage = 1.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sujaram
|votes = {{formatnum:2133}}
|percentage = 1.19
|change = -0.45
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Hanjari Mal
|votes = {{formatnum:2130}}
|percentage = 1.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2260}}
|percentage = 1.26
|change = +0.75
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:11807}}
|percentage = 6.6
|change = +6.0
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:178703}}
|percentage = 64.69
|change = -1.1
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Siwana<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA (Legislative Assembly Election) 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Hameersingh Bhayal
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:50657}}
|percentage = 31.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Balaram
|votes = {{formatnum:49700}}
|percentage = 31.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Pankaj Pratap Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:20145}}
|percentage = 12.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
|candidate = Sataram
|votes = {{formatnum:19124}}
|percentage = 11.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sheitan Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2806}}
|percentage = 1.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sujaram
|votes = {{formatnum:2625}}
|percentage = 1.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = Kishan Lal
|votes = {{formatnum:2555}}
|percentage = 1.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Jabara Ram Prajapat
|votes = {{formatnum:2045}}
|percentage = 1.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Prakash
|votes = {{formatnum:1985}}
|percentage = 1.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate = Moti Ram Meghwal
|votes = {{formatnum:1566}}
|percentage = 0.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Kantilal
|votes = {{formatnum:1513}}
|percentage = 0.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:816}}
|percentage = 0.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:957}}
|percentage = 0.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:159647}}
|percentage = 65.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Barmer district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|25.65|72.42|display=title}}

[[Category:Barmer district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Rajasthan]]

Tandur Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:26:25Z

JoannaCostantino: Adding Initial Stub And Citations

{{Short description|Constituency of the Telangana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Tandur
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (56-Tandur highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Tandur Assembly constituency within Telangana
| mla = [[B. Manohar Reddy|Buyyani Manohar Reddy]]
| party = {{party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| latest_election_year = 2023
| established = 1962
| constituency_no = 56
| state = [[Telangana]]
| district = [[Vikarabad district|Vikarabad]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Chevella Lok Sabha constituency|Chevella]]
| electors = 1,89,183
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
}}

'''Tandur Assembly Constituency''' is a constituency of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]. It is one of the four constituencies in [[Vikarabad district]]. It is part of [[Chevella Lok Sabha constituency]].

[[Patnam Mahender Reddy]], the [[List of cabinet ministers of Telangana|former Transport Minister of Telangana]], represented the constituency from 2014 to 2018.

[[Pilot Rohith Reddy|P. Rohith Reddy]] was elected as the MLA on a Congress ticket in the assembly elections held in December 2018. On 6 June 2019, he defected to [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] party.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sukumar |first=C. R. |date=2019-06-07 |title=Telangana Speaker okays 12 Congress MLAs’ plea for tie-up with TRS |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/telangana-speaker-okays-12-congress-mlas-plea-for-tie-up-with-trs/articleshow/69684784.cms |access-date=2019-06-07 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref>

[[B. Manohar Reddy|Buyyani Manohar Reddy]] is currently representing '''Tandur Assembly constituency'''.

==Mandals==
The assembly constituency presently comprises the following mandals
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Tandur]]
|-
| [[Peddemul]]
|-
| [[Basheerabad]]
|-
| [[Yalal]]
|-
|}

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Duration
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
! colspan=4| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
| [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962–67]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Marri Chenna Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=7}}
|-
| [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967–72]]
|-
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972–78]]
| rowspan="3" | M. Manik Rao
|-
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978–83]]
|-
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983–85]]
|-
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985–89]]
| rowspan="2" | M. Chandra Sekhar
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989–94]]
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994–99]]
| rowspan="2" | [[P. Mahender Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999–04]]
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004–09]]
| Malkud Narayan Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009–14]]
| rowspan="1" | P. Mahender Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
! colspan=4| [[Telangana]]
|-
| [[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2014–2018]]
| rowspan="1" | [[P. Mahender Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
| [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018–2023]]
| [[Pilot Rohith Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]-Incumbent
|[[B. Manohar Reddy|Buyyani Manohar Reddy]]
|}

==Election results==

=== [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2023]] ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2023]]: Tandur (Assembly constituency)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = B.Manohar Reddy
| votes = 84,662
| percentage =48.32
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|candidate=[[Pilot Rohith Reddy]]|votes=78,079|percentage=44.56|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Jana Sena Party|candidate=N. Shankar Goud|votes=4,087|percentage=2.33|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=592|percentage=0.34|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=6583|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,75,225|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = BRS
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2018]] ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2018]]: Tandur (Assembly constituency)<ref>[http://www.indiavotes.com/ac/details/61/34781/239 Pargi Results]</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Pilot Rohith Reddy]]
| votes = 70,428
| percentage = 45.02
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telangana Rashtra Samithi|candidate=[[P. Mahender Reddy|Patnam Mahender Reddy]]|votes=67,553|percentage=43.18|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Patel RaviShanker|votes=10,548|percentage=6.74|change=}}{{Election box candidate|party=Samajwadi Forward Bloc|candidate=P. Mahendar Reddy|votes=2,608|percentage=1.67|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=B. Chandra Shekar Mudiraj|votes=1,182|percentage=0.76|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=787|percentage=0.50|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=2,875|percentage=1.84|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,56,436|percentage=77.48|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner =Indian National Congress
|loser = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2014]] ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2014]]: Tandur (Assembly constituency)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| candidate = [[P. Mahender Reddy|Patnam Mahender Reddy]]
| votes = 61,293
| percentage = 45.97
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Malkud Narayan Rao|votes=45,219|percentage=33.92|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=M Naresh|votes=11,362|percentage=8.52|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Sri Gopal|votes=4,503|percentage=3.38|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=M. Prabhu Kumar|votes=4,327|percentage=3.25|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Chittempally Balaiah|votes=3,151|percentage=2.36|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=1,327|percentage=1.00|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=16,074|percentage=12.05|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,33,324|percentage=70.46|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner =Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Tandur]]
* [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}
{{coord|17.26|77.59|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]
[[Category:Ranga Reddy district]]
[[Category:Politics of Telangana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]

Boogie Woogie (Indian TV series)

2026-04-05T03:04:19Z

JoannaCostantino: new new post v1.

{{More citations needed|date=March 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Boogie Woogie 2010.jpg
| caption =
| runtime = 30 minutes
| creator = {{ubl|Naved Jaffrey|[[Ravi Behl]]}}
| director = Naved Jaffrey
| editor = Umma Mishrra (Season 6)
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| company = R&N TV Productions
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| first_aired = {{start date|1996}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2014|3|30}}
| num_seasons = 7
| num_episodes =
}}

'''''Boogie Woogie''''' was an Indian [[dance competition]] television series created and directed by [[Naved Jaffrey]], Ashu Jain and [[Ravi Behl]] for [[Sony Entertainment Television]]. Debuting in 1996, the show was judged by Indian film actor and television host [[Javed Jaffrey]], who was the permanent judge. It is the oldest dance reality and it has become the longest running show in India. In the earlier seasons, the judges assigned various themes to episodes, including [[Bollywood]], Horror, Friendship among others. It was also co-hosted by Kadambari Shantshri Desai from season 1 to 2.

==Background==
The popularity of the dance show has led to the creation of special championship shows, such as Kids' Championships, Teen Championships, Mothers Championships and Celebrity Championships, in which various Indian celebrities, such as [[Mithun Chakraborty]], [[Juhi Chawla]], [[Esha Deol]], [[Dia Mirza]], [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]], [[Vivek Oberoi]] and [[Ritesh Deshmukh]] have participated.

==Seasons==

===Season 1===
The series' first season premiered in 1996 and ended in 2001.

===Season 2===
After a long gap of 5–6 years, the show was relaunched by Sony Entertainment Television in 2003 for its 2'''nd''' season. After the end of season 2, Boogie Woogie was off air for sometime in 2006, before it came back in a new avatar in 2008.

During this period, Sony Entertainment Television Asia in London launched the International Boogie Woogie championships. The judging format of this show was created by [[Samir Bhamra]].

===Season 3===
The show held auditions for its new season contestants from 16 to 20 February 2008 in [[Mumbai]]. The new season began on Sony Entertainment Television Asia in mid-March.<ref>[http://setasia.vox.com/library/posts/tags/boogie+woogie/ 2 posts tagged "boogie woogie" – Sony Entertainment Television’s Blog on Vox] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630082327/http://setasia.vox.com/library/posts/tags/boogie%2Bwoogie/ |date=30 June 2007 }}</ref> In the end of February or in the beginning of March 2008, the name of series was prefixed with "[[Videocon]]" under a sponsorship deal and was titled ''Boogie Woogie Little Champs''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Little celebs to contest on Boogie Woogie|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/little-celebs-contest-boogie-woogie|work=Tellychakkar|access-date=18 February 2008}}</ref>

===Season 4===
After the end of the third season, its fourth season was launched in the last week of November 2008.

===Season 5===
After the end of its fourth season, Sony Entertainment Television again launched the series for its fifth season on 29 May 2009, named ''Boogie Woogie Mummy's Championship''. The series was continuously telecast from February or March 2008 to 3 October 2009, and was replaced by the new dance series ''[[Dance Premier League]]'' from 9 October 2009. However, the series was said to be return after ''Dance Premier League'' ends.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sony rides on IPL buzz; to replace Boogie Woogie with DPL|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k9/sept/sept162.php|work=Indian Television|access-date=15 September 2009}}</ref>

===Season 6: 2010===
And the series really returned from 19 May 2010 as its sixth season. This season was telecast bi-weekly . Its Grand Finale was telecast on 13 August 2010.

===Season 7: 2013–2014===
{{Main|Boogie Woogie Kids Championship}}

==Franchise==
After completion of seventh season of the show, the show was franchised to [[Nepal]]. The rights and necessary requirements was done by [[AP1 TV]] of Nepal to import the show. [[Boogie Woogie Nepal]] is Nepal's first international franchised dance reality show.

==Winners==
*Renu Rana (Inaugural season – Mother's Championship)
*Sabah Bari (season 5)
*Sachi Sharma Utah dance group (season 3)
*[[Neil Bhatt]] (Fast Forward Round)
*[[Farhad Shahnawaz]]
*Suparna Sarkar (2006 & 2007)
* David Furtado & Sharon Noronha ([[Goa]])
*Priya Adivarekar (season 1 and 2)
*Phulwa Khamkar (season 1)
*Fictitious Dance Group (season 1)
*Jaykumar Nair (season 3)
*Nikhil Mishra and Sachin Dawle (season 3 – Teen Championship)
*Mini and Group (season 1 and 2)
*Kritika Rohira (season 2)
*Yogesh Pathak and company (season 1 and 2)
*Jayshree and group (season 1 and 2)
*Keshav Rathi (season 2)
*pradnya autade (season 7)
*Vaishnavi Patil (season 4 and 5)
*Bodyrock Dance Academy, Baroda
* Amey Pandya as Contestant (Season 6)
*Damini Karmerkar
*Ruju Parekh (season 1)
* [[Neha Marda]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-09-17 |title=Neha Marda: I fasted throughout sawan for my husband |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Neha-Marda-I-fasted-throughout-sawan-for-my-husband/articleshow/42709276.cms |access-date=2024-10-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]
* [[Nach Baliye]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140106032228/http://boogiewoogie.sonyliv.com/ Official website]
*[http://www.setindia.com/shows/boogie-woogie ''Boogie Woogie'' on SET India]
*[http://www.indiantelevision.com/interviews/y2k3/actor/ravibehl.htm Interview with Ravi Behl]
*{{IMDb title|0401914|Boogie Woogie}}

{{SET Shows}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Boogie Woogie (Tv Series)}}
[[Category:1996 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]
[[Category:Indian dance television shows]]
[[Category:Indian dance competition television shows]]
[[Category:2014 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:2000s Indian television series]]

The Legend of Bhagat Singh

2026-03-27T06:37:58Z

JoannaCostantino:

{{short description|2003 Indian film directed by Rajkumar Santoshi}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2008}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Legend of Bhagat Singh
| image = The Legend of Bhagat Singh.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| alt = Theatrical release poster of ''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'' featuring Ajay Devgan as the titular character
| director = [[Rajkumar Santoshi]]
| producer = {{Unbulleted_list|Kumar Taurani|Ramesh Taurani}}
| writer = '''Dialogues''': [[Piyush Mishra]] (Hindi) [[Anjum Rajabali]] (English)
| screenplay = Rajkumar Santoshi
| story = Rajkumar Santoshi
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Ajay Devgn]]|[[Sushant Singh]]|[[Akhilendra Mishra]]|[[D. Santosh]]|[[Amrita Rao]]}}
| music = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| cinematography = [[K. V. Anand]]
| editing = V. N. Mayekar
| distributor = [[Tips Industries]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2003|06|07}}
| runtime = 156 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Legend Of Bhagat Singh |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/the-legend-of-bhagat-singh-film-qxnzzxq6vlgtnziyotiz |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201100059/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/the-legend-of-bhagat-singh-film-qxnzzxq6vlgtnziyotiz |archive-date=1 February 2022 |access-date=1 February 2022 |website= [[British Board of Film Classification]] }}</ref>
| country = India
| language = {{ubl|Hindi|English}}
| gross = {{estimation}} {{INR|12.9 crore|link=yes}}{{efn|name=budget}}
| budget = {{INR|20 crore|link=yes}}{{efn|name=budget}}
}}

'''''The Legend of Bhagat Singh''''' is a 2003 Indian [[Biographical film|biographical drama]] film directed by [[Rajkumar Santoshi]]. The film is based on [[Bhagat Singh]], a [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence|revolutionary]] who fought for [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]] along with fellow members of the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]. It features [[Ajay Devgn]] as the titular character along with [[Sushant Singh]], [[Akhilendra Mishra]] and [[D. Santosh]] as the other lead characters. [[Raj Babbar]], [[Farida Jalal]] and [[Amrita Rao]] play supporting roles. The film chronicles Singh's life from his childhood where he witnesses the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]] until the day he was hanged to death before the official trial dated 24 March 1931.

The film was produced by Kumar and Ramesh Taurani's [[Tips Industries]] on a budget of [[Indian rupee sign|{{INR}}]]200–250 million (about US$4.2–5.2 million in 2002).{{efn|The average exchange rate in 2002 was 48.23 [[Indian rupee]]s ({{INR}}) per 1 US dollar (US$).<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2012 |title=Rupee vs dollar: From 1990 to 2012 |url=http://inwww.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-rupee-vs-dollar-in-the-last-2-decades/20120518.htm?print=true |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321115240/http://inwww.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-rupee-vs-dollar-in-the-last-2-decades/20120518.htm?print=true |archive-date=21 March 2015 |access-date=20 March 2018 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref>|name=exchange2002}} The story and dialogue were written by Santoshi and [[Piyush Mishra]] respectively, while [[Anjum Rajabali]] drafted the screenplay. [[K. V. Anand]], V. N. Mayekar and [[Nitin Chandrakant Desai]] were in charge of the cinematography, editing and production design respectively. [[Principal photography]] took place in [[Agra]], [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]], [[Mumbai]] and [[Pune]] from January to May 2002. The soundtrack and film score were composed by [[A. R. Rahman]], with the songs "Mera Rang De Basanti" and "[[Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna]]" being well received in particular.

''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'' was released on 7 June 2002 to generally positive reviews, with the direction, story, screenplay, technical aspects, and the performances of Devgan and Sushant receiving the most attention. However, the film [[Box-office bomb|underperformed]] at the box office, grossing only {{INR}}129 million (US$2.7 million in 2002).{{efn|name=exchange2002}} It went on to win two [[National Film Awards]] – [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|Best Feature Film in Hindi]] and [[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] for Devgn – and three [[Filmfare Awards]] from eight nominations.

The film's release coincided with another film based on Bhagat Singh directed by [[Guddu Dhanoa]] and titled ''[[23rd March 1931: Shaheed]]''. Both films failed at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/may/03bhag.htm|title=rediff.com: Movies: Which Bhagat Singh do we choose?|website=rediff.com}}</ref>

== Plot ==
[[File:Bhagat Singh 1929.jpg|thumb|The film is about [[Bhagat Singh]], a [[Revolutionary socialism|socialist revolutionary]] who fought for [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]].<ref>{{citation |last=Gupta|first=Amit Kumar |title=Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897–1938 |journal=Social Scientist |volume=25 |issue=9/10 |date=September–October 1997 |pages=3–27 |jstor=3517678|doi=10.2307/3517678 }} {{subscription required}}</ref>]][[File:Bhagat Singh's execution Lahore Tribune Front page.jpg|thumb|[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune (Lahore)]]'s front page headline on the 25th of March 1931: "BHAGAT SINGH, RAJGURU and SUKHDEV EXECUTED"]]

[[Bhagat Singh]] was born in [[British Raj|British India]] in 1907. From childhood, he witnesses numerous atrocities committed on fellow Indians by the British, who came to trade under the guise of the [[East India Company]] and ended up controlling most of the nation. Bhagat takes a solemn vow to free India from British rule after witnessing the aftermath of the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]]. Soon after the massacre, he learns of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s [[satyagraha]] policies, and is especially impressed by his call to launch the [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)|non-cooperation movement]], which saw thousands of people burning British-made clothing and giving up school, college studies, and government jobs. In 1922, Gandhi calls off the movement after the [[Chauri Chaura incident]]. Undaunted, Bhagat decides to be a revolutionary. As an adult, joins the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association|Hindustan Republic Association]] in its struggle for India's independence, ending up in prison for it. Bhagat's father, Kishen, bails him out so that he can get him to run a [[Dairy farming|dairy farm]] and marry a girl named Mannewali. Bhagat runs away from home leaving a note saying that his love for the country comes first.

When [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] is beaten to death by the police while protesting against the [[Simon Commission]], Bhagat, along with [[Shivaram Rajguru]], [[Sukhdev Thapar]] and [[Chandra Shekhar Azad]], carry out the assassination of a police officer named Saunders. Later on in the year 1929, when the British propose the Trade Disputes and Public Safety Bills, Bhagat, along with [[Batukeshwar Dutt]], initiate a bombing at [[Old Parliament House, New Delhi|Council House in New Delhi]]. He and Dutt [[Bhagat Singh#Delhi Assembly bombing and arrest|throw the bombs]] on empty benches thereby not killing anyone. They are subsequently arrested and [[In open court|tried publicly]]. Bhagat then launches his [[Bhagat Singh#Assembly case trial|much publicised ideas of revolution]], stating that he wanted to tell the world know about the revolutionaries himself rather than let the British brand them as violent people, citing this as the reason for bombing the assembly. Bhagat soon becomes as popular as Gandhi among the masses, especially the younger generation, labourers and farmers.

In [[Central Jail Lahore]], Bhagat and all of the other fellow prisoners, including Thapar and Rajguru, undertake a 63-day [[hunger strike]] to improve the conditions of Indian political prisoners. However, the police try brutal methods to suppress the hunger strike by canings and forced feedings. Meanwhile, Azad, whom the British had repeatedly failed to capture, is ambushed at the [[Alfred Park]] in [[Allahabad]] on 27 February 1931. The police surround the entire park leading to a shootout; refusing to be captured by the British, Azad commits suicide with the last remaining bullet in his [[Colt Model 1903 Pocket Hammerless|Colt pistol]].

Fearing the growing popularity of the hunger strike amongst the people nationwide, [[Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax|Lord Irwin]] orders the re-opening of the Saunders' murder case, which leads to death sentences being imposed on Bhagat, Thapar and Rajguru. The Indians hope that Gandhi will use his [[Gandhi–Irwin Pact|pact with Irwin]] as a bargaining chip to save Bhagat, Thapar and Rajguru's lives. Irwin refuses Gandhi's request for their release. Gandhi reluctantly agrees to sign a pact which includes the clause: "Release of political prisoners except for the ones involved in violence". Bhagat, Thapar and Rajguru are hanged in secrecy on 23 March 1931.

== Cast ==

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Ajay Devgan]] as [[Bhagat Singh]]
* [[Sushant Singh]] as [[Sukhdev Thapar]]
* [[Akhilendra Mishra]] as [[Chandra Shekhar Azad]]
* [[D. Santosh]] as [[Shivaram Rajguru]]
* [[Bhaswar Chatterjee]] as [[Batukeshwar Dutt]]
* [[Raj Babbar]] as Kishen Singh Sandhu, Bhagat's father
* [[Farida Jalal]] as Vidyawati Kaur Sandhu, Bhagat's mother
* [[Amrita Rao]] as Mannewali, the girl Bhagat's family wanted him to marry
* [[Mukesh Tiwari]] as Khan Bahadur Mohammad Akbar, Deputy jailor at [[Kot Lakhpat Jail|Lahore Central Jail]]
* Surendra Rajan as [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mohandas Karamchand "M. K." Gandhi]] alias "Mahatma Gandhi"
* Saurabh Dubey as Pandit [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
* [[Swaroop Kumar]] as [[Motilal Nehru]]
* Arun Patwardhan as [[Madan Mohan Malviya]]
* Kenneth Desai as [[Subhas Chandra Bose|Subhash Chandra Bose]]
* [[Sitaram Panchal]] as [[Lala Lajpat Rai]]
* Amit Dhawan as [[Bhagwati Charan Vohra|Bhagwati Charan Vora]]
* [[Harsh Khurana]] as Jai Gopal
* Kapil Sharma as [[Shiv Verma]]
* Indrani Banerjee as [[Durgawati Devi]] a.k.a. "''Durga Bhabhi''"
* [[Amitabh Bhattacharjee]] as [[Jatindra Nath Das]] a.k.a. "Jatin Das"
* Shish Khan as Prem Dutt
* Sanjay Sharma as Ajay Ghosh
* Raja Tomar as [[Mahavir Singh (revolutionary)|Mahabir Singh]]
* Deepak Kumar Bandhu as Ramsaran Das
* Niraj Shah as Gaya Prasad
* Pradeep Bajpai as [[Pandit Kishori Lal|Kishori Lal]]
* Aditya Verma as Des Raj
* Romie Jaspal as [[Sachindranath Sanyal]]
* [[Sunil Grover]] as [[Jaidev Kapoor]]
* [[Abir Goswami]] as Phanindra Nath Ghosh
* Pramod Pathak as Mahour
* Aashu Mohil as [[Hans Raj Vohra]]
* Manu Malik as Agya Ram
* Navin Bhaskar as Kawalnath Tiwari
* Shreyas Pandit as Surendra Nath Pandey
* Rakesh Awan as Markand
* Kiran Randhawa as Police Officer
* Ganesh Yadav as [[Ram Prasad Bismil]]
* Tony Mirchandani as [[Ashfaqulla Khan]]
* Padam Singh as [[Thakur Roshan Singh]]
* Ashok Sharma as [[Rajendra Nath Lahiri]]
* Mahesh Raja as Sachindranath Bakshi
* Vikky as Mukundilal
* Piyush Chakravorthy as Banwarilal
* Vasudevan as Murari Sharma
* Narendra Rawal as [[Manmath Nath Gupta]]
* Shamsher Singh as Arjan Singh
* Oshima Rekhi as Jai Kaur
* Sukhmani Kohli as Amar Kaur
* Ankush as Kulbir Singh
* Karanbir Singh as Kultar Singh
* Renu Soni as Baddi Chachi
* Anita as Choti Chachi
* Gurucharan Channi as Chattar Singh
* Mahajan Prashant as Justice Rai Sahib
* Hayat Asif as Justice [[Asaf Ali]]
* Sardar Sohi as Leader at [[Jallianwala Bagh]]
* Rajesh Tripathi as Veerbhadra Tiwari
* [[Lalit Tiwari]] as Professor [[Acharya Balakrishna]]
* [[Shehzad Khan]] as Horse-cart driver Khairu
* [[Gil Alon]] as [[Viceroy and Governor-General of India|Viceroy]] [[Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax|Lord Irwin]]
* Ryan Jonathan as [[Herbert William Emerson|Herbert Emerson]], Home Member, [[Government of the United Kingdom|His Majesty's Government]]
* Conrad as Assistant Superintendent of Police John P. Saunders
* Tim as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]] [[James Alexander Scott]]
* Richard as [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] [[Reginald Dyer]], who ordered his [[Nepalis|Nepalese]] soldiers ([[Gurkha]]s) and Indian soldiers ([[sepoy]]s) to [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre|open fire on an unarmed gathering of people at Jallianwala Bagh in 1919]]
*Nakshdeep Singh as young Bhagat
{{div col end}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
In 1998, the film director [[Rajkumar Santoshi]] read several books on the socialist revolutionary, Bhagat Singh, and felt that a [[biographical film|biopic]] would help revive interest in him.{{Sfn|Tips Official|2011|loc=Clip from 01:57 to 02:27}} Although S. Ram Sharma made a film about Bhagat in 1965, titled ''[[Shaheed (1965 film)|Shaheed]]'', Santoshi felt that despite being "a great source of inspiration on the lyrics and music front", it did not "dwell on Bhagat Singh's ideology and vision".<ref name="Eyes">{{Cite web |last=Lalwani |first=Vickey |date=18 May 2002 |title=A revolution in his eyes |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/may/18bhagat.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329075440/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/may/18bhagat.htm |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=29 March 2018 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> In August 2000,{{Sfn|Tips Official|2011|loc=Clip from 01:22 to 01:24}} the screenwriter [[Anjum Rajabali]] mentioned to Santoshi about his work on [[Har Dayal]], whose revolutionary activities inspired [[Udham Singh]] (on whom a [[Shaheed Udham Singh (film)|Punjabi film]] too had been released earlier that year).{{efn|Udham Singh was a revolutionary responsible for the assassination of [[Michael O'Dwyer]], the former [[lieutenant governor]] of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]] as a response to the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]] in 1919.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Swami |first=Praveen |date=November 1997 |title=Jallianwala Bagh revisited |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/static/html/fl1422/14220500.htm |magazine=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |volume=14 |issue=22 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190505114741/https://frontline.thehindu.com/static/html/fl1422/14220500.htm |archive-date=5 May 2019 |access-date=5 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>}} Santoshi then persuaded Rajabali to draft a script based on Bhagat's life as he was inspired by Udham Singh.<ref name="Legends">{{Cite web |last=Taliculam |first=Sharmila |date=15 September 2000 |title=Legends are made of these! |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/sep/15bhagat.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328152147/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/sep/15bhagat.htm |archive-date=28 March 2018 |access-date=28 March 2018 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>

Santoshi gave Rajabali a copy of ''Shaheed Bhagat Singh'', Kuldeep Khullar's biography of the revolutionary.<ref name="Quest">{{Cite web |last=Rajabali |first=Anjum |title=Why Bhagat Singh? A personal quest |url=http://www.legendofbhagatsingh.com/why.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020602011737/http://www.legendofbhagatsingh.com/why.htm |archive-date=2 June 2002 |access-date=28 March 2018 |website=Legendofbhagatsingh.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Khullar |first=K. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4oEeAAAAMAAJ |title=Shaheed Bhagat Singh |publisher=Hem Publishers |year=1981 |location=[[New Delhi]] |oclc=644455912}}</ref> Rajabali said that reading the book "created an intense curiosity in me about the mind of this man. I definitely wanted to know more about him." His interest in Bhagat intensified after he read ''The Martyr: Bhagat Singh's Experiments in Revolution'' (2000) by journalist [[Kuldip Nayar]]. The following month, Rajabali formally began his research on Bhagat while admitting to Santoshi that it was "a difficult task". Gurpal Singh, a [[Film and Television Institute of India]] graduate, and internet blogger Sagar Pandya assisted him.<ref name="Quest" /> Santoshi received input from Kultar Singh, Bhagat's younger brother, who told the director he would have his full co-operation if the film accurately depicted Bhagat's ideologies.{{Sfn|Tips Official|2011|loc=Clip from 01:35 to 01:56}}

Rajabali wanted to "recreate the world that Bhagat Singh lived in", and his research required him to "not only understand the man, but also the influences on him, the politics of that era".<ref name="Quest" /> In an interview with Sharmila Taliculam of [[Rediff.com]] in the year 2000, Rajabali said that the film would "deal with Bhagat Singh, the man, rather than the freedom fighter".<ref name="Legends" /> Many aspects of Bhagat's life, including his relationship with fiancée Mannewali, were derived from [[Piyush Mishra]]'s 1994 play ''Gagan Damama Bajyo''; Mishra was subsequently credited with writing the film's dialogues.<ref>{{Cite news |last=K |first=Kannan |date=1 July 2002 |title=The play which inspired a film |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/07/01/stories/2002070105790200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=28 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328171827/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/07/01/stories/2002070105790200.htm |archive-date=28 March 2018}}</ref>

[[A. G. Noorani]]'s 1996 book, ''The Trial of Bhagat Singh: Politics of Justice'', provided the basis for the trial sequences. Gurpal obtained additional information from 750 newspaper clippings of ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' dated from September 1928 to March 1931, and from Bhagat's prison notebooks. These gave Rajabali "an idea of what had appealed to the man, the literary and intellectual influences that impacted him in that period".<ref name="Quest" /> By the end of the year 2000, Santoshi and Rajabali completed work on the script and showed it to Kumar and Ramesh Taurani of [[Tips Industries]]; both were impressed by it. The Taurani brothers agreed to produce the film under their banner and commence filming after Santoshi had finished his work on ''[[Lajja (2001 film)|Lajja]]'' (2001).{{Sfn|Tips Official|2011|loc=Clip from 01:24 to 01:39}}<ref name="Tricolour">{{Cite news |date=2 June 2002 |title=The Tricolour Envelopes The Big Screen |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/archive/the-tricolour-envelopes-the-big-screen/48137/ |url-status=live |access-date=1 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401154639/http://www.financialexpress.com/archive/the-tricolour-envelopes-the-big-screen/48137/ |archive-date=1 April 2018}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
[[Sunny Deol]] was initially cast as Bhagat Singh, but he left the project owing to schedule conflicts and differences with Santoshi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Surindernath |first=Nisha |date=September 2001 |title=Director's special |url=https://www.filmfare.com/site/september2001/ivw7.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020213164200/http://www.filmfare.com/site/september2001/ivw7.html |archive-date=13 February 2002 |access-date=29 March 2018 |website=[[Filmfare]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Santoshi then preferred to cast new faces instead of established actors but was not pleased with the performers who auditioned.<ref name="Legends" /><ref name="Devgn Bhagat">{{Cite web |last=Lalwani |first=Vickey |date=4 June 2002 |title=Who was Bhagat Singh? |url=http://m.rediff.com/movies/2002/jun/04ajay.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329084522/http://m.rediff.com/movies/2002/jun/04ajay.htm |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=29 March 2018 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> [[Aamir Khan]] was also offered the role, but he declined, saying he wasn't young enough for the part.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aamir Khan recalls his decision to reject The Legend of Bhagat Singh: “I told Rajkumar Santoshi to cast some young boy in his early twenties” |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/aamir-khans-recalls-decision-reject-legend-bhagat-singh-told-rajkumar-santoshi-cast-young-boy-early-twenties/#:~:text=his%20early%20twenties%E2%80%9D-,Aamir%20Khan%20recalls%20his%20decision%20to%20reject%20The%20Legend%20of,boy%20in%20his%20early%20twenties%E2%80%9D&text=Khan's%20suggestion%20to%20cast%20a,the%20role%20to%20Ajay%20Devgn. |access-date=29 October 2024 |archive-date=10 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010064541/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/aamir-khans-recalls-decision-reject-legend-bhagat-singh-told-rajkumar-santoshi-cast-young-boy-early-twenties/#:~:text=his%20early%20twenties%E2%80%9D-,Aamir%20Khan%20recalls%20his%20decision%20to%20reject%20The%20Legend%20of,boy%20in%20his%20early%20twenties%E2%80%9D&text=Khan's%20suggestion%20to%20cast%20a,the%20role%20to%20Ajay%20Devgn. |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Ajay Devgn]] (then known as Ajay Devgan) was finally chosen for the lead character because Santoshi felt he had "the eyes of a revolutionary. His introvert nature conveys loud and clear signals that there is a volcano inside him ready to burst."<ref name="Eyes" /> After Devgn performed a [[screen test]] dressed as Bhagat, Santoshi was "pleasantly surprised" to see Devgn's face closely resemble Singh's and cast him in the part. ''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'' marked Devgn's second collaboration with Santoshi after ''[[Lajja (film)|Lajja]]''.{{Sfn|Tips Official|2011|loc=Clip from 05:52 to 06:12}} Devgn called the film "the most challenging assignment" in his career.<ref name="Eyes" /> He had not watched ''Shaheed'' before signing up for the project. To prepare for the role, Devgn studied all the references Santoshi and Rajabali had procured to develop the film's script. He also lost weight to more closely resemble Bhagat.<ref name="Devgn Bhagat" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=A. Siddiqui |first=Rana |date=28 October 2002 |title=Ajay Devgan: Little variety in Hindi films |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/10/28/stories/2002102800520200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=29 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329092522/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/10/28/stories/2002102800520200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=29 March 2018}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|text=Whatever we have read in school and learnt in history is not even 1% of the kind of person he [Bhagat] was. I don't think he got his due ... When Rajkumar Santoshi narrated the script to me, I was taken aback because this man had done so much and his motive was not just independence of India. He had predicted the challenges that we face in our country today. From riots to corruption, he had predicted that and he wanted to fight that.{{Sfn|Tips Official|2011|loc=Clip from 06:25 to 07:00}}|author= Devgn on his perception of Bhagat}}

Santoshi chose [[Akhilendra Mishra]] to play Azad as he also resembled his character. In addition to reading Shiv Verma's ''Sansmritiyan'', Mishra read Bhagwan Das Mahore's and Sadashiv Rao Malkapurkar's accounts of the revolutionary. Because of his astrological beliefs, he even obtained Azad's horoscope to determine his personality. In an interview with Rediff.com's Lata Khubchandani, Mishra mentioned that while informing his father about his role of Azad, he revealed to him that they originally hailed from Kanpur, the same place where Azad's ancestors were from. This piece of information encouraged Mishra to play Azad.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khubchandani |first=Lata |date=3 June 2002 |title=I am related to Azad |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jun/03akhil.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330084043/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jun/03akhil.htm |archive-date=30 March 2018 |access-date=30 March 2018 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>

[[Sushant Singh]] and [[D. Santosh]] (in his cinematic debut) were cast as Bhagat's friends and fellow members of the Hindustan Republican Association, Sukhdev Thapar and Shivaram Rajguru.<ref>{{Cite web |title=D. Santosh as Rajguru |url=http://www.legendofbhagatsingh.com/santosh.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020528132046/http://www.legendofbhagatsingh.com/santosh.htm |archive-date=28 May 2002 |access-date=30 March 2018 |website=Legendofbhagatsingh.com}}</ref><ref name="Spark">{{Cite news |last=Rajamani |first=Radhika |date=18 June 2002 |title=Full of spark |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/06/18/stories/2002061800350400.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=30 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330082156/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/06/18/stories/2002061800350400.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=30 March 2018}}</ref> Santoshi believed their faces resembled those of the two revolutionaries.<ref name="Eyes" /> To learn about their characters, Sushant, like Mishra, read ''Sansmritiyan'' while Santosh visited Rajguru's family members.{{Sfn|Tips Official|2011|loc=Clip from 07:22 to 07:41}}<ref name="Spark"/> The actors were also chosen according to their characters' backgrounds. This was true in the case of Santosh and also [[Amitabh Bhattacharjee]], who played Jatin Das, the man who devised the bomb for Bhagat and Batukeshwar Dutt. Santosh and Bhattacharjee were from Maharashtra and West Bengal like Rajguru and Das.{{Sfn|Tips Official|2011|loc=Clip from 09:44 to 10:13}} [[Raj Babbar]] and [[Farida Jalal]] were cast as Bhagat's parents, Kishen Singh and Vidyawati Kaur, while [[Amrita Rao]] played Mannewali, Bhagat's fiancée.<ref name="CNCBH">{{Cite web |title=The Legend of Bhagat Singh Cast & Crew |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/the-legend-of-bhagat-singh/cast/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330091002/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/the-legend-of-bhagat-singh/cast/ |archive-date=30 March 2018 |access-date=30 March 2018 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=7 June 2002 }}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[File:בתפקיד המושל בסרט "האגדה על בהגד סינג".jpg|thumb|Surendra Rajan (right) portraying [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]] and [[Gil Alon]] (left) as [[Governor-General of India|Viceroy]] [[Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax|Lord Irwin]] at the film's shooting in the [[Savitribai Phule Pune University|University of Pune]].]] [[Principal photography]] began in January 2002 and was completed in May.{{Sfn|Tips Official|2011|loc=Clip from 05:10 to 05:15}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Salam |first=Ziya Us |date=1 February 2002 |title=Cashing in on the patriotic zeal |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/02/01/stories/2002020100790100.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=29 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329081300/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/02/01/stories/2002020100790100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=29 March 2018}}</ref> The first schedule of filming took place in [[Agra]] and [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]] following which the unit moved to the [[Film City, Mumbai|Film City]] studio in [[Mumbai]].<ref name="Eyes" /> According to the film's cinematographer, [[K. V. Anand]], around 85 sets were constructed at Film City by [[Nitin Chandrakant Desai]] who was in charge of the production design, and "99 percent of the background" featured in the film was sets.{{Sfn|Tips Official|2011|loc=Clip from 05:17 to 05:42}} Desai used [[Film tinting#Common tints|sepia tint]] throughout the film to create a period feel.<ref name="The Hindu">{{Cite news |last=Mahesh |first=Chitra |date=14 June 2002 |title=The Legend of Bhagat Singh |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/06/14/stories/2002061400930200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=18 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318122732/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/06/14/stories/2002061400930200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=18 March 2018}}</ref>

Additional scenes depicting the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre|massacre of 1919]] were filmed at a set constructed to look like the Bagh as it was 83 years ago; some of them were shot between 9 pm and 6 am. The scenes at the Bagh set and other surrounding locations of [[Amritsar]] at the beginning of the film feature Nakshdeep Singh as the younger Bhagat. Santoshi selected Nakshdeep after receiving photographs of the boy from his father, Komal Singh, who played Mannewali's father.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wadhwa |first=Manjula |date=13 July 2002 |title=Zeroing in On...Chhota Bhagat Singh |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020713/windows/main3.htm |url-status=live |access-date=30 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330145308/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020713/windows/main3.htm |archive-date=30 March 2018}}</ref>

Kultar stayed with the production unit for seven days during the outdoor location shooting in [[Pune]]. Both Santoshi and Devgn appreciated the interactions they had with Kultar, noting that he provided "deep insights into his brother's life".<ref name="Eyes" /><ref name="Devgn Bhagat" /> Kultar was pleased with the sincerity of the cast and crew and shared private letters written by Bhagat with them.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Salam |first=Ziya Us |date=3 June 2002 |title=A non-stop show... . |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/06/03/stories/2002060300500100.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=30 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330160846/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/06/03/stories/2002060300500100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=30 March 2018}}</ref> The song "Pagdi Sambhal Jatta" was the last part to be filmed. A sequence in the song featuring Devgn appearing between two factions of backup [[Bhangra (dance)|Bhangra]] dancers took three [[take]]s to be completed.<ref name="Eyes" /> ''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'' was made on a budget of [[Indian rupee sign|{{INR}}]]200 – 250 million (about US$4.15 – 5.18 million in 2002).{{efn|While the film's details on [[Box Office India]] state that the budget was {{INR}}200 million,<ref name="LOBSBOI">{{Cite web |title=The Legend of Bhagat Singh |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=619 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320092303/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=619 |archive-date=20 March 2018 |access-date=20 March 2018 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> Shubhra Gupta of ''[[Business Line]]'' says that {{INR}}250 million was spent on the film's making.<ref name="BL Bhagat">{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |date=17 June 1998 |title=Problem of plenty? |work=[[Business Line]] |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2002/06/17/stories/2002061700120200.htm |url-status=live |access-date=20 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320090832/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2002/06/17/stories/2002061700120200.htm |archive-date=20 March 2018}}</ref>|name=budget}}{{efn|name=exchange2002}}

== Music ==
{{Main|The Legend of Bhagat Singh (soundtrack)}}
[[A. R. Rahman]] composed the soundtrack and score for ''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Legend of Bhagat Singh (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |date=7 June 2002 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/legend-bhagat-singh-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/493152083 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180318083835/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/legend-bhagat-singh-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/493152083 |archive-date=18 March 2018 |access-date=18 March 2018 |publisher=[[iTunes]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref> marking his second collaboration with Santoshi after ''[[Pukar (2000 film)|Pukar]]'' (2000). [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]] wrote the lyrics for the songs.<ref name="Rahman Rediff">{{Cite web |last=Pais |first=Arthur J. |date=4 June 2002 |title=The freedom song |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jun/04rah.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318093749/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jun/04rah.htm |archive-date=18 March 2018 |access-date=18 March 2018 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> Rahman recalled that Santhoshi had suggested him to compose slow-paced songs, unlike ''Shaheed'' which had fast paced compositions and experimented with [[Music of Punjab|Punjabi music]] more than what he done in his previous films.<ref name="Rahman Rediff" /> The soundtrack was completed within two months,{{Sfn|Tips Official|2011|loc=Clip from 11:40 to 11:52}} and was released on 8 May 2002 in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2002 |title=The Legend of Bhagat Singh Music Launch |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/may/05pic3.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318084140/http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/may/05pic3.htm |archive-date=18 March 2018 |access-date=18 March 2018 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>

== Release ==
''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'' was released on 7 June 2002 coinciding with the release of [[Sanjay Gadhvi]]'s [[Romance film|romance]], ''[[Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=616 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320093255/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=616 |archive-date=20 March 2018 |access-date=20 March 2018 |website=Box Office India}}</ref> and another film based on Bhagat, ''[[23rd March 1931: Shaheed]]'', which featured [[Bobby Deol]] as the revolutionary.<ref name="LOBSBOI" /><ref name="BDBOI">{{Cite web |title=23rd March 1931 Shaheed |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=611 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320093018/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=611 |archive-date=20 March 2018 |access-date=20 March 2018 |website=Box Office India}}</ref>

A week before the film's release, Article 51 A Forum, a [[Non-governmental organization|non-governmental organisation]] in Delhi, believed ''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'' to be historically inaccurate, criticising the inclusion of Mannewali as Bhagat's widow, and stating the films were made "without any research or devotion" and the filmmakers were just looking at the box-office prospects to "make spicy films based on imaginary episodes".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Onkar |date=29 May 2002 |title=Bhagat Singh is not a brand name |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/may/29singh.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331080320/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/may/29singh.htm |archive-date=31 March 2018 |access-date=31 March 2018 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> Kumar Taurani defended his film saying that he did not add Rao "for ornamental value", noting he would have opted for an established actress instead if that were the case. A press statement issued by Tips Industries said: "This girl from Manawali village loved Bhagat Singh so totally that she remained unmarried till death and was known as Bhagat Singh's widow."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lalwani |first=Vickey |date=30 May 2002 |title='There was a woman in Bhagat Singh's life' |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/may/30bhagat.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331080324/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/may/30bhagat.htm |archive-date=31 March 2018 |access-date=31 March 2018 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> The [[chief operating officer]] of Tips Industries, Raju Hingorani, pointed out that Kultar had authenticated the film, stating: "With his backing, why must we be afraid of other allegations?"<ref name="Martyr">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Onkar |date=4 June 2002 |title=The law and the martyr |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jun/04singh.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331081402/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jun/04singh.htm |archive-date=31 March 2018 |access-date=31 March 2018 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>

On 29 May 2002, a 14-page petition was filed by Paramjit Kaur, the daughter of Bhagat's youngest brother, Rajinder Singh, at the [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] to stay the release of both ''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'' and ''23rd March 1931: Shaheed'', alleging that they "contained distorted versions" of the freedom fighter's life. Kaur's lawyer, Sandeep Bhansal, argued that Bhagat singing a duet with Mannewali and wearing [[garland]]s were "untrue and amounted to distortion of historical facts". Two days later, the petition came up for hearing before the Judges [[Jawahar Lal Gupta|Justice Jawaharlal Gupta]] and Justice Narinder Kumar Sud; both refused to stay the films' release, observing that the petition was moved "too late and it would not be proper to stop the screening of the films".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Onkar |date=1 June 2002 |title=Court refuses to grant stay |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jun/01singh.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331084628/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jun/01singh.htm |archive-date=31 March 2018 |access-date=31 March 2018 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===
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''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'' received generally positive critical feedback, with praise for its direction, story, screenplay, cinematography, production design and the performances of Devgn and Sushant.<ref name="BL Bhagat" /><ref name="Ausaja" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=23 March 2018 |title=Bhagat Singh death anniversary: Bollywood films on Indian freedom fighters |work=[[Mid-Day]] |url=https://www.mid-day.com/photos/bhagat-singh-death-anniversary-bollywood-films-on-indian-freedom-fighters/7980 |url-status=live |access-date=31 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331093743/https://www.mid-day.com/photos/bhagat-singh-death-anniversary-bollywood-films-on-indian-freedom-fighters/7980 |archive-date=31 March 2018}}</ref> Chitra Mahesh praised Santoshi's direction, noting in her review for ''The Hindu'' that he "shows some restraint in handling the narrative". She appreciated the film's technical aspects and Devgn's rendition, calling his interpretation of Bhagat "powerful, without being strident".<ref name="The Hindu" /> Writing for ''[[The Times of India]]'', Dominic Ferrao commended Devgn, Sushant, Babbar and Mishra, saying that they all come "off with flying colours".<ref name="TOI">{{Cite news |last=Ferrao |first=Dominic |date=8 June 2002 |title=At the movies: ''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'' |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/at-the-movies-the-legend-of-bhagat-singh/articleshow/12303758.cms |url-status=live |access-date=18 March 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180318081925/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/at-the-movies-the-legend-of-bhagat-singh/articleshow/12303758.cms |archive-date=18 March 2018 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> A review carried by Sify labelled the film "slick and commendable"; it also termed Devgn's portrayal of Bhagat as "fabulous" but felt he "overrides" the character and that "the supporting characters make more impact than him."<ref name="Sify Review">{{Cite web |date=6 June 2002 |title=The Legend of Bhagat Singh |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/the-legend-of-bhagat-singh-review-bollywood-pclurCjjbijij.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318130833/http://www.sify.com/movies/the-legend-of-bhagat-singh-review-bollywood-pclurCjjbijij.html |archive-date=18 March 2018 |access-date=18 March 2018 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

In a comparative analysis of ''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'' with ''23rd March 1931: Shaheed'', Ziya-Us-Salam of ''The Hindu'' found the former to be a better film because of the "clearly etched out" supporting characters, while opining Devgn was more "restrained and credible" than Bobby Deol. Salam admired Sushant's performance, opining that he has "a fine screen presence, good timing and an ability to hold his own in front of more celebrated actors".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Salam |first=Ziya Us |date=10 June 2002 |title=History through Bollywood eyes |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/06/10/stories/2002061000860400.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=31 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331085427/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/06/10/stories/2002061000860400.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=31 March 2018}}</ref> In a more mixed comparison, Rediff.com's Amberish K. Diwanji, despite finding ''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'' and Devgn to be the better film and actor like Salam, criticised the "constant shouting and mouthing of dialogues". He responded negatively to the inclusion of Bhagat's fiancée, pointing out the film took liberties in using this "slim" piece of information "just to have a girl sing." Diwanji, however, commended the narrative structure of ''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'', saying that the film captured the revolutionary's life and journey well, thereby making it "worth watching and give[ing] it relevant historical background."<ref name="Diwanji Rediff">{{Cite web |last=Diwanji |first=Amberish K. |date=7 June 2002 |title=Ajay steals a march over Bobby |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jun/07bhag.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331085433/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jun/07bhag.htm |archive-date=31 March 2018 |access-date=31 March 2018 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>

Among overseas reviewers, [[Dave Kehr]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' complimented the placement of the film's song sequences, especially that of "Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna" and "Mere Rang De Basanti". Kehr called Devgn's interpretation of Bhagat "glowering" while praising Sushant's "urbane and unpredictable" rendition of Sukhdev.<ref name="Kehr NYT">{{Cite news |last=Kehr |first=Dave |author-link=Dave Kehr |date=10 June 2002 |title=Film Review; Gandhi Is Eclipsed by Another Revolutionary Hero of India's Freedom Fight |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/10/movies/film-review-gandhi-eclipsed-another-revolutionary-hero-india-s-freedom-fight.html |url-status=live |access-date=31 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331085458/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/10/movies/film-review-gandhi-eclipsed-another-revolutionary-hero-india-s-freedom-fight.html |archive-date=31 March 2018}}</ref> Although ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''{{'}}s [[Derek Elley]] found ''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'' to be "drawn with more warmth" and approved of Devgn's and Sushant's performances, he was not pleased with the "choppy" screenplay in the film's first half. He concluded his review by saying that the film "has a stronger lead [thespian] and richer gallery of characters that triumph over often unsubtle direction".<ref name="Elley Variety">{{Cite web |last=Elley |first=Derek |author-link=Derek Elley |date=28 June 2002 |title=The Legend of Bhagat Singh / 23rd March 1931: Shaheed |url=https://variety.com/2002/film/reviews/the-legend-of-bhagat-singh-23rd-march-1931-shaheed-1200547542/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815230300/http://variety.com/2002/film/reviews/the-legend-of-bhagat-singh-23rd-march-1931-shaheed-1200547542/ |archive-date=15 August 2017 |access-date=31 March 2018 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref>

Some of the criticism was also directed towards the treatment of [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]]. Mahesh notes that he "appears in rather poor light" and was depicted as making "little effort" to secure a pardon for Bhagat, Sukhdev and Rajguru.<ref name="The Hindu" /> Diwanji concurs with Mahesh while also saying that the [[Gandhi–Irwin Pact]] as seen in the film would make the audience think that Gandhi "condemned the trio to be hanged by inking the agreement" while pointing out the agreement itself "had a different history and context."<ref name="Diwanji Rediff" /> Kehr believed the film's depiction of Gandhi was its "most interesting aspect". He described Surendra Rajan's version of Gandhi as "a faintly ridiculous poseur, whose policies play directly into the hands of the British" and in that aspect, he was very different from "the serene sage" portrayed by [[Ben Kingsley]] in [[Richard Attenborough]]'s ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' (1982).<ref name="Kehr NYT" /> Like Diwanji, Elley also notes how the film denounces Gandhi by blaming him "for not trying very hard" to prevent Bhagat's execution.<ref name="Elley Variety" />

=== Box office ===
''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'' had an average opening in its first week, grossing {{INR}}57.1 million (US$1.18 million in 2002) worldwide, with {{INR}}33 million (US$684,221 in 2002) in India alone.<ref name="LOBSBOI" />{{efn|name=exchange2002}} The film failed to cover its budget thus [[Box-office bomb|underperforming]] at the box office, collecting only {{INR}}129.35 million (US$2.68 million in 2002) by the end of its theatrical run.{{efn|name=exchange2002}}<ref name="LOBSBOI" /> Shubhra Gupta of ''[[Business Line]]'' attributed the film's commercial failure to its release on the same day as ''23rd March 1931: Shaheed'', opining that "the two Bhagats ate into each other's business".<ref name="BL Bhagat" /> Taurani acknowledged this as a reason for the film's failure, along with the release of another Bhagat Singh film ''[[Shaheed-E-Azam]]'' the week before.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramesh Taurani reveals they lost Rs 22 crore on Ajay Devgn starrer 'The Legend Of Bhagat Singh' despite the National Award: 'Company ki economy hil jaati hai' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ramesh-taurani-reveals-they-lost-rs-22-crore-on-ajay-devgn-starrer-the-legend-of-bhagat-singh-despite-the-national-award-company-ki-economy-hil-jaati-hai/articleshow/111808769.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=21 July 2024 |date=18 July 2024 |archive-date=21 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721052806/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ramesh-taurani-reveals-they-lost-rs-22-crore-on-ajay-devgn-starrer-the-legend-of-bhagat-singh-despite-the-national-award-company-ki-economy-hil-jaati-hai/articleshow/111808769.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Accolades ==
At the [[50th National Film Awards]], ''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'' won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|Best Feature Film in Hindi]] and Devgn received the [[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] award.<ref name="National Awards">{{Cite web |title=50th National Film Awards Function 2003 |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm50NFAAward.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319021843/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm50NFAAward.aspx |archive-date=19 March 2018 |access-date=19 March 2018 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |format=PDF |pages=32–33, 72–73 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The film received three nominations at the [[48th Filmfare Awards]] and won three—[[Filmfare Award for Best Background Score|Best Background Score]] (Rahman), [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film|Best Film (Critics)]] (Kumar Taurani, Ramesh Taurani) and [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor|Best Actor (Critics)]] (Devgn).<ref name="Filmfare Awards">{{Cite web |title=Filmfare Nominees and Winners |url=https://sites.google.com/site/deep750/FilmfareAwards.pdf?attredirects=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019034032/https://sites.google.com/site/deep750/FilmfareAwards.pdf?attredirects=0 |archive-date=19 October 2015 |access-date=19 March 2018 |website=Filmfare |format=PDF |pages=113–116}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| Award
!scope="col"| Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
!scope="col"| Category
!scope="col"| Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
!scope="col"| Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" |[[Filmfare Awards]]
| rowspan="3" |[[48th Filmfare Awards|21 February 2003]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Background Score|Best Background Score]]
| {{sort|Rahman|[[A. R. Rahman]]}}
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3" |<ref name="Ausaja" /> <ref name="Filmfare Awards" />
|-
| [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film|Best Film (Critics)]]
| {{sort|Taurani|Kumar Taurani}}, Ramesh Taurani
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor|Best Actor (Critics)]]
| {{sort|Devgn|[[Ajay Devgn]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[National Film Awards]]
|rowspan="2" | [[50th National Film Awards|29 December 2003]]
| [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|Best Feature Film in Hindi]]
| {{sort|Santoshi|[[Rajkumar Santoshi]]}}, Kumar Taurani, Ramesh Taurani
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |<ref name="National Awards" />
|-
| [[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| {{sort|Devgn|[[Ajay Devgn]]}}
| {{won}}
|}

== Legacy ==
Since its release, ''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'' has been considered one of Santoshi's best works.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Varma |first=Sukanya |date=20 January 2004 |title=What makes Rajkumar Santoshi versatile? |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jan/20list.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507090054/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jan/20list.htm |archive-date=7 May 2019 |access-date=7 May 2019 |website=Rediff.com}} {{Cite news |last=Dedhia |first=Sonil |date=20 July 2018 |title=Sunny Deol and Rajkumar Santoshi bury the hatchet |work=[[Mid-Day]] |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/sunny-deol-and-rajkumar-santoshi-bury-the-hatchet/19622189 |url-status=live |access-date=7 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507085227/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/sunny-deol-and-rajkumar-santoshi-bury-the-hatchet/19622189 |archive-date=7 May 2019}} {{Cite news |last=Kher |first=Ruchika |date=3 November 2009 |title=I'm the trendsetter: Raj Kumar Santoshi |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/i-m-the-trendsetter-raj-kumar-santoshi/story-K2ENoQreRQ2aUJkcTnHDoI.html |url-status=live |access-date=7 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507085327/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/i-m-the-trendsetter-raj-kumar-santoshi/story-K2ENoQreRQ2aUJkcTnHDoI.html |archive-date=7 May 2019}}</ref> Devgan said in December 2014 that ''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'' along with ''[[Zakhm]]'' (1998) were the best films he ever worked on in his career. He also revealed he had not seen such a good script since.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2014 |title=There is a dearth of good scripts: Ajay Devgn |work=Hindustan Times |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/there-is-a-dearth-of-good-scripts-ajay-devgn/story-Km0vJrdMXCWpb4eJNTREKJ.html |url-status=live |access-date=7 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507092953/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/there-is-a-dearth-of-good-scripts-ajay-devgn/story-Km0vJrdMXCWpb4eJNTREKJ.html |archive-date=7 May 2019}}</ref> In 2016, the film was included in ''[[Hindustan Times]]''{{'}}s list of "Bollywood's Top 5 Biopics".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vats |first=Rohit |date=30 September 2016 |title=Ready for Dhoni? We list Bollywood's top 5 biopics, from Bose to Shahid |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/ready-for-dhoni-we-list-bollywood-s-top-5-biopics-from-bose-to-shahid/story-mFeYZPAIFeGbBzqXGY5gOM.html |url-status=live |access-date=7 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507085939/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/ready-for-dhoni-we-list-bollywood-s-top-5-biopics-from-bose-to-shahid/story-mFeYZPAIFeGbBzqXGY5gOM.html |archive-date=7 May 2019}}</ref> ''The Legend of Bhagat Singh'' was added in both the ''[[9x Jalwa|SpotBoyE]]'' and ''[[The Free Press Journal]]'' lists of Bollywood films that can be watched to celebrate [[Independence Day (India)|India's Independence Day]] in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sur |first=Prateek |date=11 August 2018 |title=Independence Day Movies: Top 8 Patriotic Films To Watch On Independence Day 2018 |url=https://www.spotboye.com/bollywood/news/independence-day-movies-top-8-patriotic-films-to-watch-on-independence-day-2018/5b6db1fe886a7d0238611fe8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507093038/https://www.spotboye.com/bollywood/news/independence-day-movies-top-8-patriotic-films-to-watch-on-independence-day-2018/5b6db1fe886a7d0238611fe8 |archive-date=7 May 2019 |access-date=7 May 2019 |website=[[9x Jalwa|SpotBoyE]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 August 2018 |title=Independence Day 2018: Watch these patriotic movies to celebrate 72nd Independence day |work=[[The Free Press Journal]] |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/independence-day-2018-watch-these-patriotic-movies-to-celebrate-72nd-independence-day/1335434 |url-status=live |access-date=7 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507091633/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/independence-day-2018-watch-these-patriotic-movies-to-celebrate-72nd-independence-day/1335434 |archive-date=7 May 2019}}</ref> The following year, ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' and [[Zee News]] also listed it among the films to watch on [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2019 |title=Happy Republic Day: Swades, Rang De Basanti, Uri – 12 iconic Bollywood films that commemorate the spirit of being Indian |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/photo-gallery-happy-republic-day-swades-rang-de-basanti-uri-12-iconic-bollywood-films-that-commemorate-the-spirit-of-being-indian-2712084 |url-status=live |access-date=7 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507093547/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/photo-gallery-happy-republic-day-swades-rang-de-basanti-uri-12-iconic-bollywood-films-that-commemorate-the-spirit-of-being-indian-2712084 |archive-date=7 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2019 |title=Republic Day 2019: These Bollywood films will reignite the patriotic fervour in you |work=[[Zee News]] |url=https://zeenews.india.com/culture/republic-day-2019-these-bollywood-films-will-reignite-the-patriotic-fervour-in-you-2174283.html |url-status=live |access-date=7 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507093542/https://zeenews.india.com/culture/republic-day-2019-these-bollywood-films-will-reignite-the-patriotic-fervour-in-you-2174283.html |archive-date=7 May 2019}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Bollywood}}
'''Other films based on [[Bhagat Singh]]''':

* [[Shaheed (1965 film)|''Shaheed'']] - 1965 Indian film directed by S. Ram Sharma
* ''[[23rd March 1931: Shaheed]]'' - 2002 Indian film directed by Guddu Dhanoa
* ''[[Shaheed-E-Azam]]'' - 2002 Indian film directed by Sukumar Nair

'''Other films based on Indian Independence Movement''':

* ''[[Sardar Udham]]'' - 2021 film directed by Shoojit Sircar – based on the life of [[Udham Singh]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Film ==
* {{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdp3PJFJOYU |title=The Legend of Bhagat Singh – Movie Making – Ajay Devgan |date=18 August 2011 |last=Tips Official |author-link=Tips Industries |type=Motion picture |language=hi |place=India |access-date=28 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328145646/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdp3PJFJOYU |archive-date=28 March 2018 |ref={{Sfnref|Tips Official|2011}} |website=[[YouTube]] |url-status=live}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020607182704/http://www.legendofbhagatsingh.com/main.htm Official website]
* {{IMDb title|id=0319736|title=The Legend of Bhagat Singh}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|the_legend_of_bhagat_singh}}

{{Rajkumar Santoshi}}
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Hindi}}
{{FilmfareCriticsAwardBestMovie}}

{{featured article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Legend of Bhagat Singh, The}}
[[Category:2002 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2000s biographical films]]
[[Category:2002 films]]
[[Category:Best Hindi Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Jawaharlal Nehru]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Mahatma Gandhi]]
[[Category:Films about Bhagat Singh]]
[[Category:Films directed by Rajkumar Santoshi]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Actor National Award–winning performance]]
[[Category:Films scored by A. R. Rahman]]
[[Category:Films set in 1931]]
[[Category:Films set in Lahore]]
[[Category:Films about the Jallianwala Bagh massacre]]
[[Category:Hindi-language films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Indian historical films]]
[[Category:Tips Industries films]]

List of tourist attractions in Udaipur

2026-03-24T10:40:35Z

JoannaCostantino: further add section for clarity

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
[[Udaipur]] city, also known as the 'City of Lakes' and 'Venice of the East', is a city and tourist destination in [[Rajasthan]], India.<ref>{{cite web |author=Samtech Infonet Ltd. |url=http://www.incredibleindia.org/en/travel/destination/udaipur/udaipur-introduction |title=Udaipur Introduction |publisher=Samtech Infonet Ltd. |access-date=2015-01-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526063331/http://www.incredibleindia.org/en/travel/destination/udaipur/udaipur-introduction |archive-date=26 May 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Lake Badi==
[[Lake Badi|Badi Lake]] is an artificial freshwater lake built in the village of Badi, about 12  km from the city of Udaipur. Built by Maharana Raj Singh I (1652–1680), it was aimed to counteract the devastating effects of a famine. This lake covers an area of 155 km2., and is graced by three artistic chhatris (kiosks or pavilions). Devoid of any commercial activity, the Badi Lake gives a view of a never-ending expanse providing a serene and calm atmosphere to the visitors.

== City Palace ==
[[File:Udaipur City Palace.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[City Palace, Udaipur]] ]]
[[City Palace, Udaipur|City Palace]], a 400-year-old palace, is located on the east bank of the Lake Pichola. It comprises a series of vilas, halls, gateways, courtyards, overlapping parations, terraces, corridors and gardens. Monuments like the [[Lake Palace]], [[Jag Mandir]], [[Jagdish Temple, Udaipur|Jagdish Temple]], [[Monsoon Palace]], and [[Neemach Mata temple]], are all in the vicinity of the palace complex. City palace was also used for shooting of movies like [[Octopussy]] and [[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]. A 1991 [[documentary film]] called ''[[Jag Mandir (film)|Jag Mandir]]'' consists of footage of an elaborate theatrical performance for the [[Maharana]] [[Arvind Singh Mewar]] at the City Palace staged by [[André Heller]].

== Bharatiya Lok Kala Mandal ==
{{Main|Bharatiya Lok Kala Mandal}}

==Jag Mandir==
[[File:JagMandir.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Jag Mandir]] ]]

Jag Mandir palace is built on an island in [[Lake Pichola]] and is now the Jagmandir Island Palace, a heritage hotel.<ref name="CL">{{Cite web|url=http://www.trayaan.com/2015/12/udaipur-city-of-lakes-rajasthan-historical-palaces-monuments.html|title=Udaipur – The City of Lakes|date=2015-12-02|access-date=2016-10-05}}</ref>

==Jagdish Temple==
[[File:Jagdish Temple Udaipur.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Jagdish Temple, Udaipur|Jagdish Temple]] ]]
Jagdish Temple is an example of either Māha Māru or the [[Māru-Gurjara architecture]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Royal Umbrellas of Stone: Memory, Politics, and Public Identity in Rajput Funerary|last=Bose|first=Melia Belli|publisher=BRILL|year=1997|isbn=9004300562}}</ref>

==Lake Palace==
[[File:Udaipur Lake Palace.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Lake Palace]] ]]
Lake Palace (formerly known as Jag Niwas) is a luxury hotel, which has 83 rooms and suites featuring white marble walls. The Lake Palace is located on the island of Jag Niwas in Lake Pichola, Udaipur, India, and its natural foundation spans 4 acres (16,000 m2). Built between 1743 and 1746 under the direction of the Maharana Jagat Singh II (62nd successor to the royal dynasty of Mewar) of Udaipur, the private summer resort of the erstwhile royal family has been turned into a luxury hotel. The hotel has been ranked as amongst the best luxury heritage hotels in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.financialexpress.com/news/taj-lake-palace-udaipur-no-1-among-indian-heritage-hotels-tripadvisor/1189535|title=Lake palace udaipur|date=31 October 2013}}</ref>

== Sajjangarh Biological Park ==
{{Main|Sajjangarh Biological Park}}
Sajjangarh Biological Park is a zoo.

==Monsoon Palace==
[[File:Monsoon Palace.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Monsoon Palace]] at the hilltop]]
Monsoon Palace was built in 1884 by Maharana Sajjan Singh of the [[Mewar|Mewar Dynasty]] giving it the name ''Sajjangarh''. The palace is near [[Fateh Sagar Lake]]. The palace was also used in the 1983 [[James Bond]] film [[Octopussy]].

==Moti Magri==
Atop the [[Moti Magri]] or Pearl Hill, overlooking the Fatah Sagar Lake is the memorial of the Rajput hero [[Maharana Pratap]] with a bronze statue of the Maharana astride his favourite horse, "Chetak".<ref>More details are available at [http://www.maharanapratap.net Maharanapratap.net], a collection of facts and figures on Maharana Pratap and his life.</ref>

==Sajjangarh Biological Park==
[[Sajjangarh Biological Park]], a zoological garden, is situated just beneath the Monsoon Palace (also known as Sajjajgarh Garh Palace), around 4 km from the city center. The zoo houses vast varieties of animals and birds brought in from different parts of the world. At present, it has more than 60 animals of 21 species including tigers, panthers, lions, ostriches, alligators, and rhesus monkeys. Within two months of its inauguration, the park received more than 46,000 visitors in a month, generating a revenue of Rs 1.4 million for the forest department, which is a record in itself.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sajjangarh bio park celebrates record visitors|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Sajjangarh-bio-park-celebrates-record-visitors/articleshow/47740992.cms|website=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=20 June 2015 |publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.|access-date=29 July 2015}}</ref>

==Saheliyon ki Bari==
[[File:Saheliyon-ki-Bari Fountain.JPG|thumb|right|150px|[[Saheliyon-ki-Bari]] ]]

Saheliyon-ki-Bari or 'Courtyard of the Maidens' is a garden and a popular tourist destination. With fountains, kiosks, a lotus pool and marble elephants, this garden was built from 1710 to 1734 by Maharana Sangram Singh for the royal ladies. This renowned garden is located on the banks of Fateh Sagar Lake and also has a small museum with the collection of royal households.

== Statue of Belief ==
The Statue of Belief also known as Vishwas Swaroopam was open on 29 October 2022 for tourists'. It is located 44 km. form Udaipur in Nathdwara, Rajasthan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statue of Belief: World s 'tallest' Shiva Statue Unveiled In Rajasthan. Details Inside |url=https://www.india.com/rajasthan/statue-of-belief-worlds-tallest-shiva-statue-unveiled-in-rajasthans-rajsamand-details-inside-5712369/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Places nearby==
[[File:Jain Temple Ranakpur.jpg|thumbnail|[[Ranakpur Jain temple]] in [[Ranakpur]], Rajasthan]]
[[File:Temple_de_Shanthinath.jpg|thumbnail|''[[Kirti Stambh]]'', [[Chittor Fort]] ]]
[[File:Walls of Kumbhalgarh.jpg|thumbnail|Wall of [[Kumbhalgarh Fort]], world's second-longest continuous wall]]
[[File:Delwada.jpg|thumbnail|[[Dilwara Temples]] ]]

*[[Nathdwara]] – Shri Nathdwara (a pathway to Lord [[Shri Krishna]]) lies 48 km from Udaipur and literally means "the gateway to the Lord". Devotees throng the shrine in large numbers during occasions of "[[Janmashtmi]]", the day of the Lord's birth, and other festivals like Holi. It is famous for [[Shrinathji Temple]] and its [[Pichhwai|pichwai paintings]], with Shri Krishna in the centre, and is recognized for profuse use of gold colour.
*[[Ranakpur]] – a village that is home to one of the most important [[Jain]] temples. 1400+ [[marble]] pillars support the temple. Opposite the Jain temple is the much older Sun Temple. It is located in Pali District, 110 km north of Udaipur.
*[[Chittorgarh]] – About 112 km from Udaipur, Chittorgarh was the capital of Mewar from 734 AD to 1559. [[Chittor Fort]] is a massive fort situated on a hilltop near Chittorgarh town in [[Rajasthan]] state in India.
*[[Haldighati]] – a mountain pass in Rajsamand District that hosted the battle between [[Rana Pratap Singh]] of [[Mewar]] and the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Akbar]]l; it is now a memorial site.
*[[Kumbhalgarh]] – a 15th-century fortress, built by [[Rana Kumbha]] of Mewar, with 36 kilometres of walls. Over 360 temples are within the fort. It also has a wildlife sanctuary. It is located in Rajsamand District, 90 km from Udaipur. The vista from the top of the palace typically extends tens of kilometers into the Aravalli hills.
* Aayadh Jain tirth <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jainsite.com/jain-tirth/aayadh-tirth-2|title=AAYADH TIRTH – the Jainsite World's Largest Jain Website}}</ref>
*[[Mount Abu]] – a popular tourist hill station. [[Dilwara Temples]] are the chief attraction of this place.
*[[Eklingji]] – a temple complex situated nearly 22 km in the north of Udaipur. It was built in 734 A.D. and consists of 108 temples chiseled out of sandstone and marbles; it is devoted to the royal family of Mewar.
*[[Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary]] – located in the most rugged of the Aravali in [[Pali district|Pali]], [[Rajsamand]] and Udaipur districts of Rajasthan. It takes its name after the historic fort of [[Kumbhalgarh]], which comes into view over the park. It is 578 km2 in area and at an altitude of 500 to 1,300 metres. It is home to a large variety of wildlife, some of which are highly endangered species. The wildlife includes wolf, leopards, sloth bear, hyena, jackal, jungle cat, smabhar, nilgai, chaisingh (the four horned antelope), chinkara, and hare.
*[[Kankroli]] and [[Rajsamand Lake]] – Dwarakadish Temple, Nau Choukiya, JK Tyre factory
*[[Adinda Parshwnath]] – a famous Jain temple of "Parshwnath ji", 42 kilometres from Udaipur. It was the only south-faced Jain temple in India.
*[[Rishabhdeo]] – also known as "Kesariya ji", it is a famous Jain pilgrimage center sacred to Jains. its local name is Dhulev.'''Kesariyaji Tirth''' is a [[Jain]] [[Jain temple|temple]] located in [[Rishabhdeo]] town of [[Udaipur District]] of Indian state of [[Rajasthan]]. The temple is considered an important pilgrimage center by both [[Digambara]] and [[Śvētāmbara]] sect of Jainism.{{sfn|Shah|1987|p=115}}{{sfn|Crooke|1896|pp=104-105}}{{sfn|Wiley|2009|p=233}} Further, [[Rajasthan High Court]], in its judgment dated 30th March 1966, stated that it was, indisputably, a Śvētāmbara Jain temple.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan High Court. Deewan Singh And Ors., Etc. vs State Of Rajasthan And Ors. on 5 February, 1997 |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1130269/}}</ref>
*Jagat – known as ''[[Khajuraho]] of Rajasthan'', it is famous for the Jagadambeshwari Durga temple.
*Bambora – a fort and Idana mata temple nearby.
*[[Jaisamand Lake]] – the second biggest man-made lake in Asia.
*[[Udaisagar Lake]] – one of the five prominent lakes of Udaipur, built by Maharana Udai Singh in 1565.
* [[Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary]]
*[[Galiakot]] – Mazar-e-Seyadi Fakhruddun Shaheed
*[[Dungarpur]] – Gap sagar, city palace
*[[Banswara]] – Mahi dam and Tripura Sundari temple
*[[Chavand, Rajasthan|Chavand]] – the third capital of Mewar and also the place where Great Maharana Pratap spent his last 21 years.
* [[Bhinder]] – fort, pond, temples, Drgah Sultan-ji-Shahhed.
* [[Kanor, Rajasthan|Kanor]] – [[Kanor, Rajasthan#Adeshware Ji|Adeshware Ji]] is an ancient Jain Temple near Kanore, about 3 km
*[[Sanwaliaji Temple]] – 70 km east from Udaipur famous krishna temple.
* [[Charbhuja]] ji – at Gadbor village in Rajsamand district, one of the ''char-dham'' of Mewar, 90 km in north from Udaipur.
* [[Sardar garh]] – fort

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{cite book |last=Crooke |first=William |author-link=William Crooke |title=The Tribes and Castes of the North-western Provinces and Oudh | volume=4 |url={{Google books|GJQn7XA6Cz4C|plainurl=yes}} |year=1896 |publisher=Office of the superintendent of government printing }}
* {{cite book |last=Shah | first=Umakant Premanand | author-link=Umakant Premanand Shah | title=Jaina-rūpa-maṇḍana: Jaina iconography | url={{Google books|m_y_P4duSXsC|plainurl=yes}} | date=1987 | publisher=Abhinav Publications | location=[[Delhi]] | isbn=81-7017-208-X }}
* {{cite book |last=Wiley |first=Kristi L. |title=The A to Z of Jainism |url={{Google books|cIhCCwAAQBAJ|page=|plainurl=yes}} |year=2009 | volume=38 |publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]] |isbn=978-0-8108-6337-8 }}

{{Udaipur}}
{{Tourism in India}}
{{Wikivoyage|Udaipur}}
{{Subject bar|portal2=India |commons=yes |s=yes |s-search=1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Udaipur}}

[[Category:Udaipur-related lists|Tourist attractions]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Udaipur| ]]
[[Category:Lists of tourist attractions in India by populated place|U]]
[[Category:Lists of tourist attractions in Rajasthan|U]]

Taj Fort Aguada Resort

2026-03-24T04:28:13Z

JoannaCostantino: Adding Some Article W/ Infobox...

{{Short description|Resort in Goa, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox hotel
| name = Taj Fort Aguada Resort & Spa
| logo =
| image = File:Taj Fort Aguada Beach Resort Hotel Goa 3.JPG
| image_size =
| caption = Taj Fort Aguada Resort & Spa with [[Fort Aguada]] in the background
| location = [[North Goa]], [[India]]
| coordinates =
| opening_date =
| closing_date =
| developer =
| architect =
| operator = [[Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces|Taj Group of Hotels]]
| owner =
| number_of_restaurants =
| number_of_rooms = 136 Rooms & 4 Suites
| number_of_suites =
| floor_area =
| floor_count =
| parking =
| website = https://www.tajhotels.com/en-in/taj/taj-fort-aguada-goa/
| footnotes =
}}
{{coord|15.4972787|73.7672184|display=title}}
'''Taj Fort Aguada Resort & Spa''', formerly '''Fort Aguada Beach Resort''', is built on the crescent of the beach at [[Sinquerim]], in [[Goa]], [[India]]. The hotel is part of the chain hotels of [[Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces|Taj Group of Hotels]].

The ''Exotica'' is the "most plush" of the Taj group's four hotels in Goa, the 143 room property overlooks the beach and features amenities ranging form cricket grounds to an Ayurvedic spa.<ref name="OdellParadise">{{cite news|last1=Odell|first1=Kat|title=Exploring Goa, India's Beachy Bohemian Paradise|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/goa-india-beach-paradise-guide|access-date=23 February 2018|publisher=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|date=29 January 2018}}</ref> The Hotel stands in a 56-acre beachfront property<ref name="GulianiIndustry">{{cite book|last1=Guliani|first1=Lipika Kaur|title=Corporate Social Responsibility in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry; Advances in Hospitality, Tourism, and the Services Industry|date=2016|publisher=IGI Global|isbn=978-1466699038|page=20}}</ref>

==History==
The hotel opened in 1974 as the Taj Fort Aguada Beach Resort & Spa at the site of the historic Portuguese [[Fort Aguada]].<ref name="GeneralManager">{{cite news|title=Taj Fort Aguada Beach Resort & Spa gets new General Manager|url=http://www.uniindia.com/taj-fort-aguada-beach-resort-spa-gets-new-general-manager/business-economy/news/1129488.html#ieoODbdqMKThHgYm.99|access-date=26 February 2018|publisher=[[United News of India]]|date=6 February 2018}}</ref> For many years, it was the sole first class hotel in Goa.<ref name="SanghvlHermitage">{{cite news|last1=Sahghvl|first1=Vir|title=The Goan dream of hermits and hermitage|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/the-goan-dream-of-hermits-and-hermitage/story-RcfGwjUlZ3dbbnGkFiVgtI.html|access-date=26 February 2018|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=18 December 2017}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="110" perrow="6">
File:Taj Fort Aguada Beach Resort Hotel Goa 1.JPG|Inner view of Resort
File:Taj Fort Aguada Beach Resort Hotel Goa 2.JPG|Taj Fort Resort
File:Taj Fort Aguada Beach Resort Hotel Goa 3.JPG|Areal view
File:Taj Spa 4.jpg|Taj Spa
</gallery>
== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat-inline|Fort Aguada Beach Resort}}
* [https://www.tajhotels.com/en-in/taj/taj-fort-aguada-goa/ Homepage]

[[Category:Hotels in Goa]]
[[Category:Benaulim]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in South Goa district]]
[[Category:Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces]]
[[Category:Hotels established in 1974]]

Miami University

2026-03-24T00:14:05Z

JoannaCostantino: enhanced structure to improve readability and fixed typos to improve readability

{{Short description|Public university in Oxford, Ohio, US}}
{{About|the university in Ohio|the university in Florida|University of Miami}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox university
|name = Miami University
|image = Seal of Miami University.png
|image_upright = 0.6
|motto = ''Prodesse Quam Conspici'' (Latin)
|mottoeng = "To accomplish without being conspicuous"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miamialum.org/s/916/16/interior.aspx?pgid=405&gid=1|title=Miami Seal|website=Miamialum.org|access-date=May 18, 2019}}</ref>
| accreditation = [[Higher Learning Commission|HLC]]
|established = {{start date and age|1809|2|2}}
|type = [[Public university|Public]] [[research university]]
|academic_affiliations = {{hlist|[[Strategic Ohio Council for Higher Education|SOCHE]]|[[National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program|Space-grant]]}}
|parent = [[University System of Ohio]]
|endowment = $1.09 billion ([[Fiscal year|FY]]2025)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/nacubo1-nacubo-prd-dc8b/media/Nacubo/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2025-NCSE-Endowment-Market-Values-for-US-and-Canadian-Institutions-FINAL.xlsx |title=U.S. and Canadian 2025 NCSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2025 Endowment Market Value |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers (NACUBO) |access-date=February 17, 2026 |format=XLSX}}</ref>
|president = Gregory Crawford<ref>{{cite web|url=http://miamioh.edu/news/top-stories/2016/02/crawford-confirmation.html |title=Gregory Crawford chosen as Miami University's 22nd president|access-date=August 24, 2016}}</ref>
|provost = Chris Makaroff (interim)<ref>{{Cite web|URL=https://miamioh.edu/news/2025/04/makaroff-named-interim-provost.html | title=Makaroff named interim provost |website=Miamioh.edu|date=April 21, 2025 }}</ref>
|faculty = 1,106 (fall 2023)<ref name="nces">{{cite web|url=https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/institution-profile/204024 |title=Institution Data Profile - Miami University-Oxford |publisher=National Center for Education Statistics |access-date=January 17, 2025 }}</ref>
|students = 18,618 (fall 2023)<ref name="nces" />
|undergrad = 16,478 (fall 2023)<ref name="nces" />
|postgrad = 2,140 (fall 2023)<ref name="nces" />
|city = [[Oxford, Ohio]]
|country = United States
|coor = {{coord|39.511905|N|84.734674|W|region:US-MN_type:edu_scale:10000}}
|campus = [[College Town|Fringe town]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=miami&s=all&pg=2&id=204024|title=College Navigator - Miami University-Oxford|website=nces.ed.gov}}</ref>
| campus_size = {{convert|2138|acre|km2}}
|colors = Red and white<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miamioh.edu/ucm/miami-brand/colors/index.html|title=Colors|access-date=February 17, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://miamioh.edu/miami-brand/index.html|title=The Brand|website=Miamioh.edu|access-date=March 1, 2022}}</ref> {{color box|#C41230}} {{color box|white}}
|sporting_affiliations = {{hlist|[[NCAA Division I FBS]] – [[Mid-American Conference|MAC]]|[[National Collegiate Hockey Conference|NCHC]]}}
|nickname = [[Miami RedHawks|RedHawks]]
|mascot = Swoop the RedHawk
|website = {{URL|miamioh.edu}}
|logo = Miami University logo 2021.svg
|logo_upright = 1.0
| free_label2 = Newspaper
| free2 = ''[[The Miami Student]]''
| free_label1 = Other campuses
| free1 = {{hlist|[[Hamilton, Ohio|Hamilton]]|[[Middletown, Ohio|Middletown]]|[[West Chester Township, Butler County, Ohio|West Chester]]|[[Differdange]]}}
}}

'''Miami University''' (informally '''Miami of Ohio''' or simply '''Miami''') is a [[public university|public]] [[research university]] in [[Oxford, Ohio]], United States. Founded in 1809, it is the second-oldest [[List of colleges and universities in Ohio|university in Ohio]] and the tenth-oldest public university in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ranker.com/list/infoplease_s-oldest-us-universities/web-infoguy|title=Oldest Universities In The US|work=Ranker|access-date=February 4, 2018|language=en}}</ref> It is named for its location in the [[Miami Valley]], in turn named after the [[Miami people|Myaamia people]]. The university operates [[Satellite campus|regional campuses]] in nearby [[Miami University Hamilton|Hamilton]], [[Miami University Middletown|Middletown]], and [[Miami University Voice of America Learning Center|West Chester]], as well as the international [[Miami University Dolibois European Center|Dolibois European Center]] in [[Differdange]], Luxembourg.

Miami University provides a [[liberal arts education]] with an emphasis on [[undergraduate studies]]. It consists of seven colleges and schools, and enrolls over 18,000 students in Oxford. The campus also includes the [[Richard and Carole Cocks Art Museum]], [[Karl Limper Geology Museum]], and [[William H. McGuffey House]]. Miami is a member of the [[University System of Ohio]] and is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".<ref name=carnegieclassifications>{{cite web |title=Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup |url=https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=204024 |publisher=Center for Postsecondary Education |website=carnegieclassifications.iu.edu |access-date=September 12, 2020 |archive-date=December 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209144815/https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=204024 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://miamioh.edu/research/proposal-prep/institutional-data/carnegie-classification/index.html|title=Carnegie Classification|website=Miami University|access-date=March 23, 2017}}</ref>

Miami is known as the "[[Mother of Fraternities]]" for the five Greek-letter organizations founded on its campus, and as the "[[Cradle of Coaches]]" due to several prominent collegiate and professional sports coaches having started their careers at the school. Miami's athletic teams compete in the [[NCAA Division I]] and are collectively known as the [[Miami RedHawks]]. They compete in the [[Mid-American Conference]] and the [[National Collegiate Hockey Conference]].

Miami University [[List of Miami University people|alumni, faculty, and staff]] have included 1 [[President of the United States|president of the United States]], 16 current and former members of the [[United States Congress]], 5 [[Ambassadors of the United States|U.S. ambassadors]], 8 governors, 3 [[Pulitzer Prize]] winners, 4 [[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes Scholars]],<ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=https://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/office-of-the-american-secretary/us-winners/winning-institution-search |title=Winning Institution Search |publisher=The Rhodes Trust |access-date=August 20, 2020 |archive-date=August 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812055836/https://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/office-of-the-american-secretary/us-winners/winning-institution-search/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 1 foreign prime minister, and 3 [[List of American universities with Olympic medals|Olympic medalists]]. The university has more than 220,000 alumni.<ref name="h765">{{cite web | title=University Advancement | website=Miami University | url=https://miamioh.edu/advancement/campus-partner-engagement/find-alumni.html | access-date=January 10, 2026}}</ref>

==History==

===Old Miami (1809–1873)===
[[Image:Main Building (13959882018).jpg|thumb|The original [[Harrison Hall]], known as Old Main, was built in 1818 and housed Miami's first classrooms. It was replaced by a new structure in 1959.|alt=|left]]

The foundations for Miami University were first laid by [[s:United States Statutes at Large/Volume 1/2nd Congress/1st Session/chapter 30|an Act of Congress]] signed by President [[George Washington]], stating an academy should be northwest of the [[Ohio River]] in the [[Miami Valley]].<ref name="OverviewHist">{{cite web|url=http://www.miamioh.edu/documents_and_policies/bulletin06/gen_info/index.html|title=Miami University: Documents and Policies: General Bulletin|publisher=Miami University|access-date=February 28, 2010}}</ref> The land was to be within the [[Symmes Purchase]]; landowner [[John Cleves Symmes]] purchased it from the government with the stipulation that he set aside land for an academy.<ref name="MiamiYears">{{cite book|title=The Miami Years|last=Havighurst|first=Walter|author-link=Walter Havighurst|year=1984|publisher=G.P. Putnam and Sons|location=New York|url=http://www.lib.miamioh.edu/my/|access-date=February 28, 2010|archive-date=June 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614051644/https://www.lib.miamioh.edu/my/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Two days after Ohio achieved statehood in 1803, Congress granted one township to the [[Ohio General Assembly]] to build a college.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> Because all the townships within the Symmes Purchase had already been platted by that time, the General Assembly selected a township along Four Mile Creek in the [[Congress Lands West of Miami River]] during the summer of 1803.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> On February 2, 1809, the state legislature passed "An Act to Establish the Miami University", formally creating a board of trustees.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> [[Oxford, Ohio]], was platted within the [[College Township]] in 1810.<ref>{{cite web | title = About Oxford: Brief History of Oxford and Miami University | url = https://www.cityofoxford.org/about-oxford | website = City of Oxford Ohio | access-date = October 19, 2021 | archive-date = October 19, 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211019202406/https://www.cityofoxford.org/about-oxford | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The university temporarily halted construction due to the [[War of 1812]].<ref name="MiamiYears" /> [[Cincinnati]] tried—and failed—to move Miami to the city in 1822.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> Miami created a [[grammar school]] in 1818 to teach frontier youth, but it was disbanded after five years.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> Though financed by means of a government land grant, Miami University initially was inaugurated and operated by [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterians]], with explicit legislative encouragement for religious education having been enshrined in the [[Northwest Ordinance]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Robb |first=Dale |date=2003 |title=Miami University 1809—2002: From Presbyterian Enterprise to Public Institution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23336437 |journal=The Journal of Presbyterian History |volume=81 |issue=1 |pages=36 |jstor=23336437 |issn=1521-9216}}</ref> [[Robert Hamilton Bishop]], a Presbyterian minister and professor of history, was appointed to be the first president of Miami University in 1824, stating in his inaugural speech that all teaching at Miami University should be based in the [[Bible]].<ref name="MiamiYears" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Robb |first=Dale |date=2003 |title=Miami University 1809—2002: From Presbyterian Enterprise to Public Institution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23336437 |journal=The Journal of Presbyterian History |volume=81 |issue=1 |pages=38 |jstor=23336437 |issn=1521-9216}}</ref>

The first day of classes at Miami was on November 1, 1824.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> At its opening, there were 20 students and two faculty members in addition to Bishop.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> The curriculum included [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Latin]], [[algebra]], [[geography]], and [[Roman history]]; the university offered only a [[Bachelor of Arts]]. An "English Scientific Department" was started in 1825, which studied modern languages, [[applied mathematics]], and [[political economy]]. It offered a certificate upon completion of coursework instead of a diploma.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> The school provided public prayers twice a day and required all students to partake in a public worship every Sunday.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Robb |first=Dale |date=2003 |title=Miami University 1809—2002: From Presbyterian Enterprise to Public Institution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23336437 |journal=The Journal of Presbyterian History |volume=81 |issue=1 |pages=37, 39 |jstor=23336437 |issn=1521-9216}}</ref>

[[File:Satirical map of Miami University campus n.d. (3192347112).jpg|thumb|Satirical map of "The Old and New Miami"]]

Miami students purchased a [[printing press]] and in 1827 published their first periodical, ''The Literary Focus''. It promptly failed, but it laid the foundation for the weekly ''Literary Register''. ''[[The Miami Student]]'', founded in 1867, traces its foundation back to the ''Literary Register'' and claims to be the oldest college newspaper in the United States.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> A theological department and a farmer's college were formed in 1829; the farmer's college was not an [[agricultural school]], but a three-year education program for farm boys. [[William Holmes McGuffey]] joined the faculty in 1826 and began his work on the ''[[McGuffey Readers]]'' while in Oxford.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> By 1834 the faculty had grown to seven professors and enrollment was at 234 students.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> Eleven students were expelled in 1835, including one for firing a pistol at another student. McGuffey resigned and became president of [[University of Cincinnati|Cincinnati College]], where he urged parents not to send their children to Miami.<ref name="MiamiYears" />

[[Alpha Delta Phi]] opened its chapter at Miami in 1833, making it the first [[fraternity]] chapter west of the [[Allegheny Mountains]]. In 1839, [[Beta Theta Pi]] was created; it was the first fraternity formed at Miami.<ref name="MiamiYears" />

In 1839 Old Miami reached its enrollment peak, with 250 students from 13 states; only [[Harvard]], [[Yale]], and [[Dartmouth College|Dartmouth]] were larger.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> President Bishop was forced to resign by the board of trustees in 1840 due to the failure of his appeals for unity in face of the [[Old School–New School controversy]], which had caused factions to rise against each other trying to take over the university's administration. Old School adherents won out by focusing on his [[Abolitionism|anti-slavery]] beliefs, lenient disciplinary methods, and an agreement he had struck with the New School [[Lane Seminary]], allowing students of both institutions to learn at the other. He was replaced as president by [[George Junkin]], former president of [[Lafayette College]], a strict Old School adherent with strong anti-[[Methodism|Methodist]] and [[Proslavery|pro-slavery]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Junkin |first=George |date=August 1, 1843 |title=The integrity of our national union, vs. abolitionism: an argument from the Bible, in proof of the position that believing masters ought to be honored and obeyed by their own servants, and tolerated in, not excommunicated from, the church of God |url=http://archive.org/details/integrityofourna00junk |access-date=August 1, 2022 |publisher=Printed by R. P. Donogh |via=Internet Archive |location=Cincinnati}}</ref> views; Junkin resigned in 1844, having proved to be unpopular with students.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Robb |first=Dale |date=2003 |title=Miami University 1809—2002: From Presbyterian Enterprise to Public Institution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23336437 |journal=The Journal of Presbyterian History |volume=81 |issue=1 |pages=40–41 |jstor=23336437 |issn=1521-9216}}</ref><ref name="MiamiYears" /> By 1847, enrollment had fallen to 137 students.

Students in 1848 participated in the "Snowball Rebellion". Defying the faculty's stance against fraternities, students packed Old Main, one of Miami's main classrooms and administrative buildings, with snow and reinforced the snow with chairs, benches and desks from the classroom.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> Those who had participated in the rebellion were expelled from the school and Miami's student population was more than halved. By 1873, enrollment fell further to 87 students. The board of trustees closed the school in 1873 and leased the campus for a grammar school.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> The period before its closing is referred to as "Old Miami".<ref name="MiamiYears" />

[[File:Miami University, Ohio c. 1909.jpg|center|800px|thumb|Miami University campus in 1909]]

===New Miami (1885–present)===
[[Image:Miami Bell Tower.JPG|thumb|upright|The "Beta Bells" of Miami University were built with funds donated by the [[Beta Theta Pi]] fraternity on its Centennial in 1939.|alt=]]

In 1874, the [[Ohio General Assembly]] created the new [[Ohio State University]] in [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]] as a [[land grant university|land grant school]] upon passage of the [[Morrill Act]] of 1862. At that time some representatives proposed that both [[Ohio University]] and the closed Miami University be demoted to preparatory schools.<ref>Hollow, Betty. ''Ohio University 1804–2004'' p. 68, Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio, 2003.</ref> In 1880, it was instead suggested that Ohio and Miami be merged directly with Ohio State, but the 1896 Sleeper Bill, introduced by Athenian [[David L. Sleeper]], the speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives, provided annual support for the older universities; this set the precedent for continuing state support. A second challenge was defeated in 1906.

The university reopened in 1885, having paid all of its debts and repaired many of its buildings; there were 40 students in its first year. Enrollment remained under 100 students throughout the late 1800s. Miami focused on aspects outside of the classics, including [[botany]], [[physics]], and [[geology]] departments.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> With its reopening a change in religious policy occurred, the school no longer required faculty to be ordained Presbyterian ministers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Robb |first=Dale |date=2003 |title=Miami University 1809—2002: From Presbyterian Enterprise to Public Institution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23336437 |journal=The Journal of Presbyterian History |volume=81 |issue=1 |pages=45 |jstor=23336437 |issn=1521-9216}}</ref> In 1888, Miami began inter-collegiate football play in a game against the University of Cincinnati.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> By the early 1900s, the state of Ohio pledged regular financial support for Miami University and enrollment reached 207 students in 1902. The Ohio General Assembly passed the Sesse Bill in 1902, which mandated [[coeducation]] for all Ohio public schools. Miami lacked the rooms to fit all of the students expected the next year, and Miami made an arrangement with the [[Oxford Female Institute|Oxford College for Women]] to rent rooms. In the same year, David McDill became Miami's first non-Presbyterian president, stressing its non-denominational, but Christian nature during his inauguration. By 1905 faculty personnel belonging to Presbyterian churches constituted 13 out of 27 positions, still a relative but no longer an absolute majority.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Robb |first=Dale |date=2003 |title=Miami University 1809—2002: From Presbyterian Enterprise to Public Institution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23336437 |journal=The Journal of Presbyterian History |volume=81 |issue=1 |pages=45–46 |jstor=23336437 |issn=1521-9216}}</ref>

In 1902, the Ohio legislature also authorized the establishment of the Ohio State Normal School "to provide proper theoretical and practical training for all students desiring to prepare themselves for the work of teaching." The normal school was Miami's first professional college and would evolve into the College of Education, Health, and Society. Miami's first [[African-American]] student, Nelly Craig, graduated from the Ohio State Normal School in 1905.<ref name="OverviewHist" /> Hepburn Hall, built in 1905, was the first women's dorm at the college. By 1907, the enrollment at the university passed 700 students and women made up about a third of the student body.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> [[Andrew Carnegie]] pledged $40,000 to help build a new [[Alumni Hall (Miami University)|library]] for the university.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> The McGuffey Laboratory School opened in 1910 and was soon housed with the teacher preparation students in the new [[McGuffey Hall]], completed in 1917 and named to honor former professor William Holmes McGuffey.

Enrollment in 1923 was at 1,500 students and had reached 2,200 students by the early 1930s. In 1928, Miami founded the School of Business Administration and acquired the Oxford College for Women.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> The next year, the School of Fine Arts was established. The conservative environment found on campus called for little change during the problems of the [[Great Depression]] and only about 10 percent of students in the 1930s were on government subsidies.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> During [[World War II]], Miami changed its curriculum to include "war emergency courses", a Navy Training School took up residence on campus, and the population of the university consisted of a majority of women.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> Due to the [[G.I. Bill of Rights|G.I. Bill]], enrollment at Miami had grown to 5,000 by 1952.<ref name="MiamiYears" />

[[File:Entrance to Peabody Hall 1907 (3191876631).jpg|thumb|[[Peabody Hall (Miami University)|Peabody Hall]] at the [[Western College for Women|Western College]], which was absorbed by Miami in 1974.]]

In 1954, Miami created a common curriculum for all students to complete to have a base for their other subjects. By 1964, enrollment reached nearly 15,000.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> To accommodate the growing number of students, Miami University opened its first regional campuses at [[Miami University Middletown]] in 1966 and [[Miami University Hamilton]] in 1968.<ref name="MiamiYears" /> The [[Miami University Dolibois European Center|Dolibois European Center]] was also established in 1968 in [[Luxembourg City]], which would move to [[Differdange Castle]] in 1997; it is home to a [[study abroad]] program where students live with Luxembourgish host families and study under Miami professors.<ref name="MiamiYears" />

On April 15, 1970, a student sit-in at [[Rowan Hall]], home of Miami's [[Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps|Naval ROTC]] program, in opposition to the [[Vietnam War]] resulted in 176 students being arrested.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.givetomiamioh.org/s/916/16/interior-flah.aspx?sid=916&gid=1&pgid=1162 |title=Timeline/History of Student Engagement |publisher=Miami University |access-date=March 26, 2021}}</ref> [[King Library (Miami University)|Edgar W. King Library]] was completed in 1972. In 1974, the [[Western College for Women]] in Oxford was sold to Miami, and President [[Phillip Shriver]] oversaw the creation of an interdisciplinary studies college known as the [[Western College Program]].<ref name="MiamiYears" /><ref name="closingfaq">{{cite web|url=http://www.cas.miamioh.edu/western/faq.html|title=FAQ :: Western Program|publisher=Miami University|access-date=February 28, 2010}}</ref>

Responding to the [[Miami Tribe of Oklahoma]], trustees changed the athletic teams nickname from the "Redskins" to the "RedHawks" in 1997.<ref name="corphist">{{cite web|url=https://miamioh.edu/about-miami/history-traditions/timeline/corporate-u/index.html |title=Corporate University 1996–2009 |publisher=Miami University |access-date=March 26, 2021}}</ref> The School of Engineering and Applied Science was created in 1999.<ref name="corphist" /> In 2009, the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] passed a resolution honoring Miami University for its 200th anniversary.<ref>{{cite act |title=Honoring Miami University for its 200 years of commitment to extraordinary higher education. |type=H.Res.128 |date=February 10, 2009 |legislature=111th Cong. |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-resolution/128/ |access-date=September 12, 2024 }}</ref> In the same year, the [[Farmer School of Business]] building was completed on the East Quad and the [[Miami University Voice of America Learning Center]] opened in [[West Chester Township, Butler County, Ohio|West Chester, Ohio]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/business/miami-business-school-opens/ls7nCIFNV8RJCfGS2lAqxJ/ |title=Miami business school opens |publisher=Dayton Daily News |date=November 9, 2009 |access-date=September 9, 2024 }}</ref> In 2014, the Armstrong Student Center was completed to replace the [[Shriver Center]], which was repurposed. All campuses were closed in March 2020 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], reopening partially that fall. Miami established the Honors College, its first [[residential college]], the following year.<ref name="MiamiRISE">{{cite web |url=https://miamioh.edu/_files/documents/about-miami/president/strategic-plan/strategic-plan-06-28-19_508.pdf |title=Miami University's Strategic Plan |publisher=Miami University |access-date=April 13, 2022}}</ref> The Clinical Health Sciences and Wellness Facility opened in 2023 to combine clinical and academic health departments and services.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://miamioh.edu/news/2023/06/new-clinical-health-sciences-and-wellness-facility-is-open.html |title=New Clinical Health Sciences and Wellness facility opens |author=Meikle, Susan |publisher=Miami University |date=June 12, 2023 |access-date=September 12, 2024 }}</ref> The McVey Data Science building opened in 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miami University - McVey Data Science Building Design |url=https://www.bhdp.com/miami-university-mcvey-data-science-building |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=www.bhdp.com |language=en}}</ref> funded by alumnus [[Richard McVey]] to house departments in computer science, statistics and analytics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/2021/10/25/richard-mcvey-donates-miami-university-mcvey-data-science-building/6132550001/ |title=Miami alumnus Richard McVey donates $20 million for new data science building |author=Mitchell, Madeline |publisher=Cincinnati Enquirer |date=October 25, 2021 |access-date=October 25, 2021}}</ref>

==Campuses==

===Main campus===
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Tri Delta Sundial, Miami University 5-2-2022.jpg
| caption1 = The Tri-Delta Sundial (1962) and [[MacCracken Hall]] in the background (1961)
| image2 = Alumni Hall in the fall, Miami University.jpg
| caption2 = [[Alumni Hall (Miami University)|Alumni Hall]] (1910) was funded by the [[Carnegie Corporation of New York]].
| image3 = Stoddard Hall, Miami University.jpg
| caption3 = [[Elliott and Stoddard Halls|Stoddard Hall]] (1836) is the second-oldest extant building on campus.
}}

Miami University's main campus is in [[Oxford, Ohio]], a [[college town]] in the [[Miami Valley]] about {{convert|30|mi}} northwest of [[Cincinnati]] and {{convert|35|mi}} southwest of [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]]. Over 70% of Oxford's residents are enrolled in college or graduate school.<ref name="census">{{cite web|title=Oxford city, Ohio - DP-2. Profile of Selected Social Characteristics: 2000|publisher=[[U.S. census]]|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US3959234&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_DP2&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on|access-date=February 26, 2010|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212041743/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US3959234&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_DP2&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on|archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Campus development began in 1818 with Franklin Hall, followed by [[Elliott and Stoddard Halls|Elliott Hall]] in 1825, which remains the university's oldest standing building and residence hall.<ref name="MiamiYears" /><ref name="walkingtour" /> The campus is noted for its [[Georgian Revival]] architecture and picturesque layout, described by poet [[Robert Frost]] as "the most beautiful campus that ever there was". The Oxford campus spans {{convert|2138|acre}}<ref name="walkingtour">{{cite web|url=http://miamioh.edu/about-miami/visiting-miami/campus-map/walking-tour/index.html|title=Walking Tour of Miami University|publisher=Miami University|access-date=July 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731052442/http://miamioh.edu/about-miami/visiting-miami/campus-map/walking-tour/index.html|archive-date=July 31, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="princetonreview">{{cite web|url=http://www.princetonreview.com/schools/college/CollegeCampusLife.aspx?iid=1023443|title=Miami University|publisher=Princeton Review|access-date=March 3, 2010}}</ref> and includes four museums: the [[Richard and Carole Cocks Art Museum]], [[Karl Limper Geology Museum]], Hefner Museum of Natural History,<ref>{{cite web|title=Hefner Museum of Natural History|url=http://miamioh.edu/cas/academics/centers/hefner-museum/index.html|publisher=Miami University|access-date=October 5, 2017}}</ref> and [[William H. McGuffey House|William Holmes McGuffey Museum]].

The historic core of the campus centers around the intersection of South Campus Avenue and East High Street, marked by the [[Phi Delta Theta]] Gates and Slant Walk path. This area is known as the "Academic Quad" and includes prominent academic buildings such as [[Hall Auditorium]], [[McGuffey Hall]], [[Alumni Hall (Miami University)|Alumni Hall]], [[Bishop Hall (Miami University)|Bishop Hall]] and [[Ogden Hall (Miami University)|Ogden Hall]], all built between 1909 and 1924. [[Harrison Hall]] and [[King Library (Miami University)|King Library]] are also on the Academic Quad. Eastward along East Spring Street lie Irvin Hall, Kreger Hall, and the Armstrong [[Student Center]]. Surrounding Bishop Woods at the center of campus are several academic buildings, including Hughes Laboratories, [[Laws Hall (Miami University)|Laws Hall]], Shideler Hall, and [[Upham Hall (Miami University)|Upham Hall]].<ref name="CampusMap">{{cite web|url=https://miamioh.edu/about-miami/visiting-miami/campus-map/index.html |title=Oxford Campus Map |publisher=Miami University |access-date=April 20, 2022 }}</ref>

North of East High Street is the McVey Data Science Building and College of Engineering and Computing, comprising [[Benton Hall (Miami University)|Benton Hall]] and Garland Hall.<ref name="CampusMap" /> Clustered around North Patterson Avenue are [[Pearson Hall (Miami University)|Pearson Hall]], the Psychology Building, and the [[Farmer School of Business]].<ref name="CampusMap" /> The latter, housed in a {{convert|210000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} building designed by [[Robert A.M. Stern Architects]] and [[Moody Nolan]], was the first [[LEED]]-certified building on campus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://miamioh.edu/fsb/about/index.html |title=Building a Better Future |access-date=April 6, 2008}}</ref> South of East Spring Street are additional academic buildings spread across four streets, including the Clinical Health Sciences and Wellness Facility, [[Williams Hall (Miami University)|Williams Hall]], the [[Shriver Center]], the [[Center for Performing Arts (Miami University)|Center for Performing Arts]], and [[Bachelor Hall (Miami University)|Bachelor Hall]]. Western Campus, accessed via South Patterson Avenue, features Boyd Hall, [[Hoyt Hall (Miami University)|Hoyt Hall]], [[Peabody Hall (Miami University)|Peabody Hall]], and Presser Halls.<ref name="CampusMap" />

Miami's campus includes several historic landmarks. The [[Dewitt Log Homestead]] was built in 1805. Owned by the university, it is the oldest surviving structure in [[Oxford Township, Butler County, Ohio|Oxford Township]].<ref>{{cite web | last=Studio | first=DreamWeaver | title=DeWitt Log Homestead | website=Oxford Ohio Museum | date=September 4, 2025 | url=https://www.oxfordmuseumassociation.com/dewitt-homestead-oxford-ohio | access-date=September 11, 2025}}</ref> On the main campus, [[Elliott and Stoddard Halls]], built in 1825 and 1836, are the oldest buildings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elliott Hall and Stoddard Hall |publisher=Lane Libraries |date=5 October 2010 |url=https://sites.google.com/a/lanepl.org/butler/home/e/elliott-hall-and-stoddard-hall |access-date=May 13, 2013 |archive-date=January 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121082148/https://sites.google.com/a/lanepl.org/butler/home/e/elliott-hall-and-stoddard-hall |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Langstroth Cottage]] was built in 1856 and is a [[National Historic Landmark]]. It was the home of [[L. L. Langstroth]], who studied and bred honey bees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.units.muohio.edu/celt/aboutcelt/langstroth.php |title=About Langstroth Cottage |publisher=Miami University |access-date=June 12, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513084819/http://www.units.muohio.edu/celt/aboutcelt/langstroth.php |archive-date=May 13, 2009 }}</ref> The [[William H. McGuffey House]] is another National Historic Landmark. Built in 1833, it was the home of author and professor [[William Holmes McGuffey]] and believed to be the site where he wrote the first four [[McGuffey Reader]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url={{NHLS url|id=66000605}}|title=National Historic Landmark nomination for William H. McGuffey House|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=September 11, 2025}}</ref> The [[Western College for Women|Western Female Seminary Historic District]] denotes the Romanesque and Colonial Revival architecture of the former Western College campus. This campus also hosted orientation sessions for [[Freedom Summer]] volunteers in June 1964, a significant campaign of the [[civil rights movement]].<ref>Doug McAdam, ''Freedom Summer'' (Oxford Univ. Press, 1988), p. 66.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/codeswitch/2014/06/14/318917992/50-years-ago-freedom-summer-began-by-training-for-battle |title=50 Years Ago, Freedom Summer Began By Training For Battle |first=Hansi Lo |last=Wang |date=June 14, 2014 |work=NPR}}</ref> The former [[Oxford Female Institute]] in uptown Oxford served as a university dorm until 2001 and has since been leased as the Oxford Community Arts Center.

===Luxembourg campus===
{{main|Miami University Dolibois European Center}}

[[File:Differdange Castle1.JPG|thumb|[[Differdange Castle]] in Luxembourg is home to the Dolibois European Center.]]
The John E. Dolibois European Center is an overseas campus of the university in [[Luxembourg]]. It enrolls around 125 students each semester from Miami and other American universities. Located in the city of [[Differdange]], it offers courses with university faculty typically in architecture, business, French, German, history, and political science.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spring 2022 - Luxembourg Program - Global Initiatives - Miami University|url=https://www.miamioh.edu/global-initiatives/education-abroad/mudec/study/spring-2022/index.html |publisher=Miami University |access-date=April 7, 2022}}</ref> Students live in homestays with Luxembourgish host families and are encouraged to travel in Europe through university-led study programs and in their free time.<ref>{{cite web|title=About MUDEC - Global Initiatives - Miami University |url=https://www.miamioh.edu/global-initiatives/education-abroad/mudec/about/index.html |publisher=Miami University |access-date=April 7, 2022}}</ref> It was established in 1968 and named after Miami alumnus [[John E. Dolibois]], former [[United States Ambassador to Luxembourg]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History of the Miami University Dolibois European Center in Luxembourg |url=https://www.miamioh.edu/global-initiatives/education-abroad/mudec/about/history/index.html |publisher=Miami University |access-date=December 3, 2021}}</ref>

===Regional campuses===
Miami University has three [[satellite campus]]es that are located within {{convert|25|mi}} of the Oxford campus. [[Miami University Middletown]] was founded in 1966 as the first satellite campus in Ohio.<ref>{{cite web |title=Middletown |url=https://miamioh.edu/regionals/about/regional-locations/middletown/index.html |website=Miami University Regionals |access-date=December 16, 2019}}</ref> [[Miami University Hamilton]] was established in 1968, and the [[Miami University Voice of America Learning Center]] in West Chester was established in 2009 to house the Farmer School of Business [[Master of Business Administration]] program.<ref>{{cite web|title=Farmer School of Business MBA |url=http://miamioh.edu/fsb/mba/index.html |publisher=Miami University |access-date=March 30, 2019}}</ref>

Miami's regional campuses are non-residential and offer a handful of bachelor's degrees, associate degrees, certificates, as well as beginning coursework for most four-year degrees, the Master of Business Administration and [[Master of Education]] programs at the main campus. Combined, Miami's regional campuses enroll approximately 3,500 students.<ref name="x902">{{cite web | last=Turman | first=Kasey | title=At Miami University Regionals, enrollment is down | website=journal-news | date=July 8, 2024 | url=https://www.journal-news.com/news/at-miami-university-regionals-enrollment-is-down-more-than-40/7DWO7OYTPBDXBCK7AKNUEUZDRA/ | access-date=November 21, 2025}}</ref> Middletown and Hamilton compete in independent sports as members of the [[Ohio Regional Campus Conference]], competing under the monikers "Middletown ThunderHawks" and "Hamilton Harriers".

==Organization and administration==
[[File:Roudebush Hall, Miami University 5-8-2022.jpg|thumb|Roudebush Hall]]
Miami University has seven primary academic divisions, which include five undergraduate colleges in addition to a residential [[Honors colleges and programs|honors college]]:
*College of Arts and Science
*[[Farmer School of Business]]
*College of Creative Arts
*College of Education, Health, and Society
*College of Engineering and Computing
*Graduate School
*College of Liberal Arts and Applied Science (Miami Regionals)

Miami is part of the public [[University System of Ohio]]. It is governed by a [[board of trustees]] which oversees the administration of the university and holds subcommittees on investment, finance and audit, and academic and student affairs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miamioh.edu/news/campus-news/2021/09/trustees-september.html |title=Miami University Board of Trustees to meet |publisher=Miami University |access-date=May 8, 2022}}</ref> This includes oversight on programs offered by the university and financial expenditures. The board has 17 members; nine are voting members appointed by the [[List of governors of Ohio|governor of Ohio]], six are university alumni who reside outside of Ohio, and two are enrolled students.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miamistudent.net/article/2022/10/administration-structure |title=Who's in charge at Miami University? It's complicated. |author=Scott, Sean; Macy, Luke |publisher=The Miami Student |date=October 4, 2022 |access-date=September 15, 2024 }}</ref>

The institution is a member of the [[Strategic Ohio Council for Higher Education]] (SOCHE).<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.soche.org/about-us/#members |title=About Us|publisher=SOCHE|accessdate=December 31, 2025}}</ref>

The [[College president|office of the president]] oversees fiscal and business operations, working with the Board of Trustees to set the university's direction and priorities while also serving as a figurehead and liaison.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://miamioh.edu/about-miami/leadership/index.html |title=Leadership and Administration |publisher=Miami University |access-date=May 8, 2022}}</ref> Gregory P. Crawford, the 22nd president, has held the role since 2016, following his tenure as vice president and associate provost at the [[University of Notre Dame]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://miamioh.edu/about-miami/leadership/president/biography/index.html |title=Biography |publisher=Miami University |access-date=May 8, 2022}}</ref> Other administrative departments include that of the [[Provost (education)|provost]] and academic affairs, which includes the deans of each of the academic colleges and the Dolibois European Center, as well as finance, student life, university advancement, information technology, and enrollment.<ref name="Governance">{{cite web|url=https://www.miamioh.edu/policy-library/governance/administrative-organization.html |title=The Administrative Organization of the University |date=May 23, 2018 |publisher=Miami University |access-date=May 8, 2022}}</ref>

As of the end of [[fiscal year]] 2023, Miami University's [[financial endowment]] was $739 million.<ref name="endowment">{{cite web | url=https://www.givetomiamioh.org/s/916/22/landing-int.aspx?sid=916&gid=1&pgid=20879 | title=2022-2023 Endowment Report }}</ref>

==Academics==
[[File:Farmer School of Business.jpg|thumb|[[Farmer School of Business]]]]
Miami University is a large, primarily residential teaching university with a focus on [[Undergraduate education|undergraduate studies]].<ref name="Carnegie">{{cite web|url=http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=204024|title=Carnegie Classifications - Miami University-Oxford |publisher=Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching |access-date=November 5, 2009}}</ref> The university offers more than 100 majors,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://miamioh.edu/academics/majors-minors/majors-by-alpha.html|title=Majors by Alpha|access-date=July 30, 2015}}</ref> 48 minors,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://miamioh.edu/academics/majors-minors/minors-by-alpha.html|title=Minors by Alpha|access-date=July 30, 2015}}</ref> and 11 co-majors. In the 2022–2023 academic year, the most popular majors were [[finance]], [[marketing]], [[psychology]], [[computer science]], and [[biology]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?id=204024#programs |title=College Navigator - Miami University-Oxford |publisher=National Center for Education Statistics |access-date=September 29, 2024 }}</ref>

Miami offers [[master's degrees]] in more than 50 areas of study and [[doctorate|doctoral degrees]] in 12, the largest of which are doctoral degrees in psychology. To enroll in graduate courses, students must first be accepted into the Graduate School and then into the department through which the degree is offered.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Miami Bulletin 06-08 |last=Miami University |author-link=Miami University |year=2006 |page=193}}</ref> Although tuition for the Graduate School is roughly the same as for an undergraduate degree, most of the graduate programs offer graduate assistantships as well as tuition waivers.

As of 2024, Miami's annual [[Tuition payments|tuition]] was $18,162 for Ohio residents and $40,822 for out-of-state residents.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://miamioh.edu/admission-aid/costs-financial-aid/cost-of-attendance.html |title=Tuition and Cost of Attendance |publisher=Miami University |access-date=September 18, 2024 }}</ref> Its in-state tuition rate is the highest of all public universities within the University System of Ohio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://signalcleveland.org/how-much-tuition-will-cost-new-students-at-ohio-colleges-this-fall-2024/ |title=How much tuition will cost new students at Ohio's public four-year colleges this fall |author=Morona, Amy |publisher=Signal Cleveland |date=July 9, 2024 |access-date=September 18, 2024 }}</ref>

===Undergraduate admissions===
{{Infobox U.S. college admissions
|year = 2025
|admit rate = 70.4%
|admit rate change = -21.6
|yield rate =
|yield rate change =
|SAT Total = 1220–1390
|SAT Total change =
|ACT = 25–31
|ACT change =
|GPA = 3.62–4.22
|test optional = yes
|float = right
|ref = <ref name="2025 stats">{{cite web|url=https://miamioh.edu/admission-aid/apply/first-year-students/admitted-student-statistics.html |title=Admitted Student Statistics |publisher=Miami University |access-date=September 8, 2024 }}</ref>
}}

Miami University extends offers of admission to applicants after holistic review that includes examination of academic rigor and performance, admissions test scores, personal essays, and recommendations.<ref name=pradmissions /> Admission to Miami University is classified as "more selective" by the [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education]] and ''U.S. News & World Report''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carnegieclassifications.acenet.edu/institution/miami-university-oxford/ |title=Miami University-Oxford – Institution Profile |publisher=American Council on Education |access-date=September 24, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = Miami University--Oxford |url = https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/miami-university-7104 |publisher = U.S. News & World Report |access-date = November 15, 2022 }}</ref> [[The Princeton Review]] gives Miami University an "Admissions Selectivity Rating" of 88 out of 99.<ref name=pradmissions>{{cite web|title=Miami University |publisher=[[The Princeton Review]]|url=https://www.princetonreview.com/college/miami-university-1023443 |access-date=May 8, 2022 }}</ref>

For first-year undergraduates enrolled in fall 2025, Miami University received 42,751 applications and accepted 30,102 (70.4%). Of the 42.8% of admitted students who submitted ACT or SAT test scores, the middle 50% ranges (25th percentile–75th percentile) were 25–31 and 1220–1390, respectively.<ref name="2025 stats" />

Miami University's freshman [[University student retention|retention rate]] is 89.2%, with 83% going on to graduate within six years.<ref name="FallEnrollmentReport">{{cite web |url=https://miamioh.edu/oir/_files/documents/cds/cds2021-22-final.xlsx |title=Miami University Common Data Set 2021-2022 |publisher=Miami University |access-date=November 15, 2022}}</ref> Miami University is a college-sponsor of the National Merit Scholarship Program and sponsored 21 Merit Scholarship awards in 2020. In the 2020–2021 academic year, 28 freshman students were [[National Merit Scholars]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalmerit.org/s/1758/images/gid2/editor_documents/annual_report.pdf|title=National Merit Scholarship Corporation 2019-20 Annual Report|publisher=National Merit Scholarship Corporation|access-date=December 7, 2022}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:left; font-size:90%; margin:10px;"
|+ '''Fall First-Time Freshman Statistics'''
<ref name="FallEnrollmentReport" />
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://miamioh.edu/oir/_files/documents/cds/cds2020-21.xlsx |title=Miami University Common Data Set 2020-2021
|publisher=Miami University |access-date=November 15, 2022}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://miamioh.edu/oir/_files/documents/cds/cds2019-20.xlsx |title=Miami University Common Data Set 2019-2020
|publisher=Miami University |access-date=November 15, 2022}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://miamioh.edu/oir/_files/documents/cds/cds2018-19.xlsx |title=Miami University Common Data Set 2018-2019
|publisher=Miami University |access-date=November 15, 2022}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://miamioh.edu/oir/_files/documents/cds/cds2017-18.xlsx |title=Miami University Common Data Set 2017-2018
|publisher=Miami University |access-date=November 15, 2022}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://miamioh.edu/oir/_files/documents/cds/cds2016-17.xlsx |title=Miami University Common Data Set 2016-2017
|publisher=Miami University |access-date=November 15, 2022}}</ref>
|-
!
! 2021 !! 2020 !! 2019 !! 2018 !! 2017 !! 2016
|-
! Applicants
| 29,990 || 26,844 || 27,247 || 30,126 || 30,255 || 29,771
|-
! Admits
| 26,571 || 24,684 || 23,248 || 22,459 || 20,635 || 19,463
|-
! Admit rate
| 88.6 || 92.0 || 85.3 || 74.6 || 68.2 || 65.4
|-
! Enrolled
| 4,519 || 3,824 || 4,309 || 3,936 || 3,822 || 3,799
|-
! Yield rate
| 17.0 || 15.5 || 18.5 || 17.5 || 18.5 || 19.5
|-
! ACT composite* (out of 36)
| 24–30 || 24–30 || 26–31 || 26–31 || 26–31 || 26–31
|-
! SAT composite* (out of 1600)
| 1180–1350 || 1160–1350 || 1210–1390 || 1200–1380 || 1190–1380 || {{sdash}}
|-
| * middle 50% range
|}

{{clear}}

===Curriculum===
[[File:McGuffey Hall, Miami University 5-2-2022.jpg|thumb|[[McGuffey Hall]], College of Education, Health & Society]]
The College of Arts and Science is the oldest and largest college at Miami, with almost half of the undergraduate student body enrollment. It offers 70 majors covering a broad range of areas of study across the [[humanities]], [[natural science]]s, and [[social science]]s, as well as [[pre-law]], [[pre-medical]] and [[interdisciplinarity]] programs.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://miamioh.edu/cas/academics/undergraduate-studies/majors-minors/index.html| title=Majors and Minors - College of Arts and Science |access-date=April 7, 2022}}</ref> The curriculum emphasizes creativity, research, and global perspectives.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://miamioh.edu/cas/about/index.html |title=About the College |access-date=December 21, 2016}}</ref> 10 of the 12 doctoral degrees offered by Miami are provided through the College of Arts and Science.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://miamioh.edu/graduate-school/academics/index.html| title=Graduate School |access-date=January 13, 2016}}</ref>

Miami's Farmer School of Business is a nationally recognized school of business that offers nine majors. The school also offers graduate [[MBA]], [[accountancy]], and [[economics]] degrees. It is named after Miami University alumni and benefactors [[Richard T. Farmer]], founder of [[Cintas]], and his wife Joyce Barnes Farmer.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://miamioh.edu/fsb/about/meet-the-farmers.html |title=About the Farmer School: Meet Dick & Joyce Farmer |publisher=Miami University Farmer School of Business |access-date=September 12, 2024 }}</ref>

Miami's College of Creative Arts offers 14 majors through its five departments: architecture and interior design, art, emerging technology in business and design, music, and theatre. Each department has its own portfolio or audition admission requirements, which are separate from the standard admissions requirements for the university. Art and music majors choose concentrations within their programs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://miamioh.edu/cca/academics/departments/music/|title=Department of Music | College of Creative Arts - Miami University|website=miamioh.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://miamioh.edu/cca/academics/departments/art/|title=Department of Art | CCA - Miami University|website=miamioh.edu}}</ref>

The College of Education, Health and Society offers 20 undergraduate majors<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.units.miamioh.edu/eap/about/index.html |title=About Us: School of Education, Health, and Society |access-date=April 6, 2008}}</ref> spanning six departments, which include educational leadership, educational psychology, family science and social work, kinesiology and health, sports leadership and management, and teacher education.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.units.miamioh.edu/eap/prospectivestudents/majorsminors.html |title=Majors, Minors, Degrees & Licensures |access-date=April 6, 2008}}</ref> As of fall 2009, nearly 3,500 full-time and part-time undergraduates were enrolled in the school.<ref name="autogenerated1" />

The College of Engineering and Computing offers 13 accredited majors at the Oxford campus,<ref>{{cite web |url = https://miamioh.edu/cec/graduate-programs/|title = CEC Academic Majors|access-date = March 8, 2026}}</ref> and moved into a new $22 million engineering building in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pfd.muohio.edu/construction/projectdetail.jsp?pid=145 |title=Capital Improvement Projects |access-date=April 6, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070908003411/http://www.pfd.muohio.edu/construction/projectdetail.jsp?pid=145 |archive-date=September 8, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The college has four departments, including chemical, paper, and biomedical engineering; computer science and software engineering; electrical and computer engineering; and mechanical and manufacturing engineering. The school also offers nine master's degrees, 4 of which as M.Eng programs while the rest are M.S. programs, as well as two Ph.D. programs in engineering and computer science.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://miamioh.edu/cec/graduate-programs/|title = CEC Graduate Programs|publisher = Miami University |access-date = March 8, 2026}}</ref>

The Miami University Honors College was established in 2021, replacing the former university honors program on campus.<ref name="MiamiRISE" /> Around 400 students are admitted to the Honors College every year. Based in [[Peabody Hall (Miami University)|Peabody Hall]] on the Western Campus, the Honors College is Miami's only [[residential college]] and fosters one-on-one interaction with faculty-in-residence.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.miamioh.edu/news/top-stories/2020/08/new-honors-college-for-2021.html |title=New Honors College will provide experiences that set Miami University apart |publisher=Miami University |access-date=April 13, 2022}}</ref>

===Libraries and publications===
{{main|King Library (Miami University)}}

[[File:King Library, Miami University.jpg|thumb|[[King Library (Miami University)|King Library]]]]
[[King Library (Miami University)|Edgar W. King Library]] is the primary [[academic library]] at Miami. It opened as an undergraduate library when the south section was completed in 1966; it became the main library when the north section was completed in 1972. King Library is home to Miami University Libraries' humanities, government, law, and social sciences collections as well as the [[Walter Havighurst]] special collections and university archives. It additionally houses King Café, centers for academic writing, information management and digital scholarship, and a [[library makerspace]].<ref>{{cite web|title=King Library - Miami University Libraries |url=https://www.lib.miamioh.edu/about/locations/king-library/ |publisher=Miami University Libraries |access-date=April 8, 2022 }}</ref>

In addition to King Library, the university's library system also includes the Wertz Art and Architecture Library in [[Alumni Hall (Miami University)|Alumni Hall]], the Rentschler Library at [[Miami University Hamilton]] and the Gardner-Harvey Library at [[Miami University Middletown]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Library Hours - Miami University Libraries |url=https://www.lib.miamioh.edu/about/locations/hours/ |publisher=Miami University Libraries |access-date=April 8, 2022 }}</ref> Prior to the construction of King Library, Alumni Hall was the main university library.

The [[Miami University Press]] was established in 1992 and specializes in works of poetry, fiction, and those that detail the history of Miami University.<ref>{{cite web |title=Miami University Press |url=https://www.pw.org/small_presses/miami_university_press |website=Poets & Writers |access-date=February 15, 2023 |date=January 13, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Poet Are Helping Miami University Press Come into Its Own|work=[[The Cincinnati Post]]|date=1996|page=10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Frisbie |first=Thomas |date=December 9, 2016 |title=Poet and novelist believed in the power of narration |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2016/12/8/18344308/poet-and-novelist-believed-in-the-power-of-narration |access-date=February 24, 2023}}</ref>

===Reputation and rankings===
{{Infobox US university ranking
| Forbes = 239
| USNWR_NU = 143 (tie)
| Wamo_NU = 283
| THE_WSJ = 227
| ARWU_W =
| QS_W = 1201–1400
| THE_W =
| USNWR_W = 1354 (tie)
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="float:right; clear:right; text-align:center"
|-
! colspan=4 style="background:#C41230; color:white; {{box-shadow border|a|black|2px}}" |National Program Rankings<ref name=USNWR-National>{{cite magazine|title=Miami University--Oxford|magazine=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/miami-university-oxford-204024/overall-rankings}}</ref>
|-
! Program
! Ranking
|-
| Biological Sciences || 158
|-
| Chemistry || 150
|-
| Clinical Psychology || 115
|-
| Earth Sciences || 83
|-
| Economics || 102
|-
| Education || 73
|-
| Engineering (no doctorate) || 23
|-
| English || 90
|-
| Fine Arts || 158
|-
| Psychology || 124
|-
| Social Work || 172
|-
| Speech-Language Pathology || 74
|-
|}

In its 2025 rankings, ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' ranked the university's undergraduate program 136th (tied) among 436 national universities, and 69th among public national universities. ''U.S. News'' also ranks Miami University tenth for undergraduate teaching.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/miami-university-7104 |title=Miami University--Oxford |website=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=September 24, 2024 }}</ref>

[[Kiplinger]]'s Personal Finance magazine listed Miami as one of the "100 Best Values in Public Colleges" for 2015, ranking Miami 55th nationally. Miami University has appeared on the list since it was first published in 1998. ''[[Forbes]]'' ranked Miami 155th in the United States among all colleges and universities and listed it as one of "America's Best College Buys".<ref name="forbesbest">{{cite magazine|url = https://www.forbes.com/colleges/miami-university-oxford/| title = America's Top Colleges| date= August 1, 2012| access-date = August 28, 2012| magazine = [[Forbes]]}}</ref>

Miami was named as one of the original eight "[[Public Ivies]]" by [[Yale University]] admissions officer Richard Moll in 1985. It was listed again in a 2001 publication by college guide authors Howard Greene and Matthew Greene.<ref>{{cite book|last=Greene |first=Howard R. |title=The Public Ivies: America's Flagship Public Universities |author2=Greene, Matthew W. |publisher=Cliff Street Books |year=2001 |isbn=978-0060934590 |edition=1st |location=New York }}</ref>

In March 2014, [[Bloomberg Businessweek]] ranked the undergraduate business program for the [[Farmer School of Business]] at 23rd among all U.S. undergraduate business schools and was ranked 8th among public schools.<ref>{{cite magazine|url = https://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2014-04-04/the-complete-ranking-best-undergraduate-business-schools-2014|title=The Complete Ranking Best Undergraduate Business Schools 2014 |magazine = [[Business Week]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202085837/http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2014-04-04/the-complete-ranking-best-undergraduate-business-schools-2014 |archive-date=February 2, 2015}}</ref> ''[[Entrepreneur (magazine)|Entrepreneur]]'' ranked Miami's Institute for Entrepreneurship in its top ten undergraduate programs in the nation.<ref name="entrepreneur">{{cite magazine|url = http://www.entrepreneur.com/topcolleges/undergrad/0.html| title = Top 25 Undergraduate Entrepreneurial Colleges for 2009| access-date = September 16, 2014| magazine = Entrepreneur}}</ref> ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' ranked Miami 22nd among state schools for bringing students directly from undergraduate studies into top graduate programs.<ref>{{cite news| author = Bernstein, Elizabeth| url = http://www.wsjclassroomedition.com/pdfs/wsj_college2_092503.pdf| title = How State Schools Did| access-date = November 6, 2009| newspaper = The Wall Street Journal| archive-date = November 12, 2011| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111112025619/http://www.wsjclassroomedition.com/pdfs/wsj_college2_092503.pdf| url-status = dead}}</ref> The ''Journal'' also ranked Miami's [[Executive mba|accelerated MBA program]] ninth globally.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125191359248380317| title = One-Year M.B.A. Programs | access-date = December 30, 2009| newspaper = The Wall Street Journal | date=September 16, 2009}}</ref> Miami's accountancy program received high marks from the Public Accounting Report's rankings of accountancy programs; its undergraduate and graduate programs ranked 17th and 20th respectively.<ref>{{cite magazine|url = http://www.accountingtoday.com/blogs/accounting-tomorrow/news/accounting-degree-review-ranks-top-50-grad-programs-for-2016-76684-1.html| title = Miami U. scores high marks for accounting program| magazine = Accounting Today| date=December 14, 2015}}</ref>

Miami also receives high marks for its campus. [[Newsweek]] rated Miami at 19th in its 2012 list of Most Beautiful Schools and poet [[Robert Frost]] described it as "The most beautiful campus that ever there was."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/galleries/2012/08/05/college-rankings-2012-most-beautiful-schools-photos.html |title=College Rankings 2012: Most Beautiful Schools (Photos) - Newsweek and The Daily Beast |work=Newsweek |date=August 6, 2012 |publisher=Thedailybeast.com |access-date=October 12, 2012}}</ref>

==Student life==

===Student body===
{| class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible"; text-align:right; font-size:80%;"
|+ style="font-size:90%" |Student body composition as of May 2, 2022
|-
! Race and ethnicity<ref>{{cite web |title=College Scorecard: Miami University|url=https://collegescorecard.ed.gov/school/?204024-Miami-University-Oxford |publisher=[[United States Department of Education]] |access-date=May 8, 2022}}</ref>
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Total
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic whites|White]]
|align=right| {{bartable|75|%|2||background:gray}}
|-
| [[Foreign national]]
|align=right| {{bartable|9|%|2||background:orange}}
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]
|align=right| {{bartable|5|%|2||background:green}}
|-
| Other{{efn|Other consists of [[Multiracial Americans]] & those who prefer to not say.}}
|align=right| {{bartable|4|%|2||background:brown}}
|-
| [[African Americans|Black]]
|align=right| {{bartable|4|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
|align=right| {{bartable|3|%|2||background:purple}}
|-
! colspan="4" data-sort-type=number |[[Economic diversity]]
|-
| [[American lower class|Low-income]]{{efn|The percentage of students who received an income-based federal [[Pell grant]] intended for low-income students.}}
|align=right| {{bartable|13|%|2||background:red}}
|-
| [[Affluence in the United States|Affluent]]{{efn|The percentage of students who are a part of the [[American middle class]] at the bare minimum.}}
|align=right| {{bartable|87|%|2||background:black}}
|}
Miami University has a total enrollment of 18,618 students at the Oxford campus as of fall 2023.<ref name="nces" /> Of that, 16,478 students were at the [[Undergraduate education|undergraduate level]] and 2,140 at the [[Graduate school|graduate level]].<ref name="nces" /> With a gender distribution of 49% male students and 51% female students, Miami University's gender disparity between men and women is far below the national average, making it one of the most equally balanced undergraduate institutions in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.collegefactual.com/colleges/miami-university-oxford/student-life/diversity/|title=Miami University, good balance between male and female students|website=College Factual|access-date=July 16, 2018}}</ref>

Within offers for admission in fall 2021, 44% of students were from Ohio, with offers for students from all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and 122 countries abroad. Miami University encompasses 1,614 international students from 67 countries. Of the regularly enrolled international students, the most represented countries are typically China, Vietnam, India, Nepal, and South Korea.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://miamioh.edu/global-initiatives/isss/about/about-our-population/|title=International Student and Scholar Services - About Our Population|website=Miami University|access-date=January 4, 2022}}</ref>

===Student organizations===
[[File:Armstrong Student Center Interior.jpg|thumb|The Armstrong Student Center]]
[[File:MiamiStudent.jpg|thumb|right|The first issue of ''[[The Miami Student]]'', 1867]]
For the 2017–18 academic year, Miami had over 600 registered student organizations. These clubs and organizations run the gamut from varsity sports clubs to professional fraternities, from political and religious groups to fashion, theatre and LGBTQ+ organizations.

The university recognizes the Associated Student Government (ASG) that represents student interests to faculty, administrators, and the Ohio Legislature. It is the official [[Students' union|student government]] of Miami University.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://miamiohasg.com|title=Associated Student Government|website=Miami University|access-date=August 26, 2018}}</ref> It has an [[executive branch]] chaired by the student body president with 13 members who work with administrators in all areas of student life as well as academics and a [[legislative branch]] made up of 50 senators who voice student concerns, write and vote on legislation on a weekly basis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://miamiohasg.com|title=Who We Are|website=Associated Student Government|access-date=August 26, 2018}}</ref>

The [[Miami University Marching Band]] is the largest student organization on campus, typically fielding around 250 to 275 students. It represents the college at all home [[Miami RedHawks football|football]] games, as well as at various away games, [[bowl game]]s, parades, and marching band festivals.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.units.muohio.edu/mubands/mumb/history.html |title=History of the MUMB |access-date=April 9, 2022 |archive-date=February 6, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206163848/http://www.units.muohio.edu/mubands/mumb/history.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}. Accessed May 26, 2007.</ref>

====Mock trial====
Miami University participates in the [[American Mock Trial Association]] and has won two National Championship Tournament titles: in 2001, defeating [[Rhodes College]], and in 2018, defeating [[Yale University]].<ref name="College Mock Trial">{{cite web | title=National Championship Trial Results | website=The American Mock Trial Association | url=https://www.collegemocktrial.org/about-amta/history-/national-championship-trial-results/ | access-date=2026-01-13}}</ref> The school was the runner-up to the [[University of Chicago]] in 2025 and has made 17 top-ten finishes.<ref name="College Mock Trial" /> Miami had the longest-running NCT streak in the American Mock Trial Association, from 2005 to 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collegemocktrial.org/2006%20NCT%20Olson%20Division%20Tab%20Summary.pdf|title=National Intercolleglate Championship Mock Trial Tournament Polk County Courthouse/Polk County Convention Center|date=9 April 2006|publisher=American Mock Trial Association|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250226050425/https://www.collegemocktrial.org/2006%20NCT%20Olson%20Division%20Tab%20Summary.pdf|archive-date=26 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Miami has also sen competitors to Trial by Combat, a one-on-one competition for outstanding AMTA competitors.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://law.ucla.edu/academics/centers/barry-cappello-program-trial-advocacy/trial-combat | title=Trial by Combat | UCLA Law }}</ref>

====Media organizations====
Miami has a variety of media outlets. The student-run newspaper, ''[[The Miami Student]]'', claims to have been founded in 1826, which would make it the oldest university newspaper in the United States. However, the first issue is dated May 1867, and the paper refers to itself as "the oldest college newspaper west of the Alleghenies."<ref name="miamistudenthome">{{cite news|title=Miami Student|date=February 27, 2010|newspaper=Miami Student|url=http://miamistudent.net/about-us/|access-date=February 11, 2017|archive-date=February 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212164700/http://miamistudent.net/about-us/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Miami Student Magazine is a sister publication to the newspaper. The bi-annual publication includes feature writing and short stories. The undergraduate literature and art magazine, ''Inklings'', is available in print and online.<ref name="Inklings">{{cite web|title=Inklings|date=February 17, 2011|publisher=Inklings|url=http://www.miamioh.edu/inklings/|access-date=February 27, 2010}}</ref> RedHawk Radio (WMSR) is Miami's only student radio station.<ref name="redhawkradio">{{cite web|title=Redhawk Radio: About|publisher=RedHawk Radio|url=http://www.redhawkradio.com/about/|access-date=February 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203220903/http://www.redhawkradio.com/about/|archive-date=February 3, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Miami University Television (MUTV) is available on cable in Oxford, Ohio.<ref name="MUTV">{{cite web|title=Department of Communication: Special Programs: MUTV|publisher=Miami University|url=http://www.units.miamioh.edu/communication/special_programs/mutv.php|access-date=February 27, 2010}}</ref> ''UP Magazine'' is Miami's student-run fashion magazine that publishes an issue each semester and also maintains a blog.<ref name="UP">{{cite web|title=UP Magazine |url=http://upfashionmagazine.org/ |publisher=UP Magazine |access-date=December 21, 2016}}</ref>

====Miami University Men's Glee Club====
[[File:Miami University Men's Glee Club Fall 2012.jpg|thumb|Miami University Men's Glee Club]]
Aside from the university's student newspaper, the university's oldest and longest-running academic student organization is the Miami University Men's Glee Club.<ref name="Miami University Men's Glee Club Website">{{cite web|title=Miami University Men's Glee Club Website|publisher=Miami University Men's Glee Club|url=http://www.mugleeclub.org/Start.html|access-date=June 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722174512/http://www.mugleeclub.org/Start.html|archive-date=July 22, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Founded in 1907 by professor [[Raymond H. Burke]], composer of Miami's fight song and alma mater, the glee club is among the oldest and largest groups of its kind in the nation.<ref name="Brief History2">{{cite web|url=http://www.mugleeclub.org/Welcome.html|title=Brief History|publisher=Miami University Men's Glee Club|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905124249/http://www.mugleeclub.org/Welcome.html|archive-date=September 5, 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=June 12, 2012}}</ref> The Glee Club has performed with major symphony orchestras, among them the [[Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra]], and worked with composers, conductors and singers such as [[Morten Lauridsen]], [[Martina Arroyo]], [[Max Rudolf (conductor)|Max Rudolf]], [[Thomas Schippers]], [[Paul Salamunovich]], [[A. R. Rahman]], and [[Friar Alessandro]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Men's Glee Club puts on concert with Friar Alessandro |url=https://oxfordobserver.org/11261/arts/mens-glee-club-puts-on-concert-with-friar-alessandro/ |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=Oxford Observer}}</ref><ref name="Brief History2"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://miamistudent.net/ar-rahman-surprises-oxford/|title=A.R. Rahman surprises Oxford|date=September 22, 2011|website=The Miami Student|access-date=August 26, 2018}}</ref> The Glee Club performs a biannual international tour, which has included stops at the [[Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Résultats Concours Européen 2014 |url=http://www.ugda.lu/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=225 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909191319/http://www.ugda.lu/Portals/57ad7180-c5e7-49f5-b282-c6475cdb7ee7/R%C3%A9sultats%20Concours%20Europ%C3%A9en%202014.pdf |archive-date=September 9, 2016 |access-date=October 20, 2023}}</ref> The Glee Club also hosts one men's [[a cappella]] singing group, The Cheezies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Cheezies |url=http://www.mugleeclub.org/about-the-cheezies |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=Miami University Men's Glee Club |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Residential life===
Miami University requires first and second-year students to live on campus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://miamioh.edu/campus-services/living-at-miami/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811223605/http://miamioh.edu/campus-services/living-at-miami/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 11, 2018|title=Living at Miami|website=Miami University|access-date=August 13, 2018}}</ref> [[Elliott and Stoddard Halls]], built in 1828 and 1835 respectively, are used as [[Dormitory|dormitories]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/a/lanepl.org/butler/home/e/elliott-hall-and-stoddard-hall|title=Elliott Hall and Stoddard Hall|website=Lane Libraries|access-date=August 13, 2018|archive-date=January 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121082148/https://sites.google.com/a/lanepl.org/butler/home/e/elliott-hall-and-stoddard-hall|url-status=dead}}</ref> They are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/oh/butler/state.html|title=Ohio - Butler County|website=National Register of Historic Places|access-date=August 13, 2018}}</ref> The campus has a total of 46 residence halls, the newest of which opened in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://miamioh.edu/centers-institutes/campus-services-center/index.html|title=Campus Services Center|website=Miami University}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patch.com/ohio/miamiuniversity-oxford/miami-university-adding-two-new-dorms-spending-millions-renovations|title=Miami University Adding Two New Dorms And Spending Millions In Renovations|date=September 29, 2017|website=Oxford Patch|access-date=August 13, 2018}}</ref> The residence halls are organized into eight quads throughout campus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.miamioh.edu/home/living-on-campus/residence-halls-2/|title=Residence Halls|website=Miami University|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004082509/http://blogs.miamioh.edu/home/living-on-campus/residence-halls-2/|archive-date=October 4, 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=August 13, 2018}}</ref> Residence halls have representatives that participate collectively in the [[Residence Hall Association]] and the student senate.<ref name="ASGabout">{{cite web|url=http://www.muasg.com/about-asg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225083638/http://www.muasg.com/about-asg|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 25, 2021|title=About ASG|publisher=Miami University Associated Student Government|access-date=February 26, 2010}}</ref>

===Greek life===
[[File:GW Puddle Pull 031.jpg|thumb|2004 Greek Week Puddle Pull [[tug of war]] contest]]
Miami has a long tradition of Greek life, beginning in 1832 with the founding of the Miami chapter of [[Alpha Delta Phi]].<ref name="greeklifemuohio">{{cite web |title=Miami University: Campus Life |url=http://www.miamioh.edu/University_Advancement/MiamiAlum/news_events/Miamian_archives/summer_08/fraternities.htm |access-date=February 26, 2010 |publisher=Miami University}}</ref> Miami is nicknamed the [[Mother of Fraternities]] for the number of fraternities that started on its campus, including three known as the [[Miami Triad]]: [[Beta Theta Pi]] (1839), [[Phi Delta Theta]] (1848), and [[Sigma Chi]] (1855). Other Greek organizations founded at Miami include [[Phi Kappa Tau]] (1906) and [[Delta Zeta]] (1902).<ref name="greeklifemuohio" />

As of the fall of 2017, there were 2,556 sorority members and 1,544 fraternity members.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://miamioh.edu/student-life/fraternity-sorority-life/facts-stats/membership-totals/index.html|title=Chapter Membership Totals|publisher=Cliff Alexander Office of Fraternity & Sorority Life & Leadership|access-date=March 1, 2018}}</ref> Miami hosts about 50 different fraternities and sororities governed by three different student governing councils.<ref name="officeoffratsor">{{cite web|url=http://www.units.miamioh.edu/saf/GRA/Principles.htm|title=About the Five Principles|publisher=Cliff Alexander Office|access-date=February 26, 2010}}</ref> In 2004, Miami University's office of Greek affairs was endowed with a $1 million gift from alumnus Cliff Alexander, a member of [[Sigma Nu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.units.miamioh.edu/saf/GRA/CliffAlexander.htm|title=About Cliff Alexander|publisher=Cliff Alexander Office|access-date=February 26, 2010}}</ref>

In the 2017 fall semester, the Greek community recorded 11,847 service hours and raised $96,839 for [[philanthropy|philanthropic]] causes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://miamioh.edu/student-life/_files/documents/greek-life/comm-stats-fall-2017_508.pdf|title=Miami University Fraternity and Sorority Life Semester Community Report Fall 2017|publisher=Cliff Alexander Office of Fraternity & Sorority Life & Leadership|access-date=March 1, 2018}}</ref> The university has suspended various chapters of Greek organizations for disorderly conduct, [[hazing]], and alcohol violations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cincinnati.com/article/20100518/NEWS01/305180056/|title=Miami sorority suspended for two years|author=McLaughlin, Sheila|date=May 18, 2010|website=cincinnati.com|access-date=August 20, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cincinnati.com/article/20100601/NEWS010701/6020369/Third-Miami-sorority-trouble-party|title=Third Miami sorority in trouble for party|author=McLaughlin, Sheila|date=June 1, 2010|website=cincinnati.com|access-date=August 20, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.journal-news.com/news/news/3-miami-university-fraternities-suspended-amid-haz/nnb5c/|title=Miami: Fraternity hazed with 100 beers, no showers|website=Journal-news.com|access-date=April 26, 2016|archive-date=April 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424103326/http://www.journal-news.com/news/news/3-miami-university-fraternities-suspended-amid-haz/nnb5c/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Londberg|first=Sarah Brookbank and Max|title=18 indicted after Miami University dismissed Delta Tau Delta fraternity for hazing|url=https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/crime/crime-and-courts/2019/10/03/miami-university-delta-tau-delta-hazing-charges/3849829002/|access-date=September 24, 2020|website=The Enquirer|language=en-US}}</ref>

===Traditions===
[[File:Lucky Turtles Sundial.jpg|thumb|Turtles at the base of the Tri-Delta sundial]]
The university's student body has two notable [[superstition]]s. Stepping on the large copper replica of the university's seal by [[Upham Hall (Miami University)|Upham Hall]] is believed to bring bad results for a student's exams; inversely, it is considered good luck to rub the heads of the copper turtles supporting the [[Delta Delta Delta]] sundial before exams.<ref name="legends">{{cite web|url=https://www.journal-news.com/news/legends-every-miami-university-student-should-know/wMlZX0XZCbcAOdyqsyRF1O/ |title=3 legends every Miami University student should know |author=Clark, Michael |publisher=Journal-News |date=July 5, 2017 |access-date=October 15, 2024 }}</ref>

When two students meet at Miami, enter into a relationship, and then get married, they are called "Miami Mergers". Couples are encouraged to register with the university's alumni association, which has sent Miami Mergers an annual [[Valentine's Day]] card since 1973. In 2022, 14,406 Miami Merger couples received a Valentine's Day card from the association.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Valentine's Day card celebrates Miami Merger tradition |url=https://www.miamialum.org/s/916/22/Interior.aspx?sid=916&gid=1&pgid=18953&cid=36386&ecid=36386&crid=0&calpgid=269&calcid=1238 |access-date=October 23, 2022 |website=www.miamialum.org |language=en}}</ref> Another campus superstition is that couples who kiss under the arch of Upham Hall at midnight will become Miami Mergers.<ref name="legends" />

[[Green Beer Day]] is an unofficial day-long [[party]] near the Miami University campus where celebrants drink green-dyed beer on the Thursday before Miami's [[spring break]]. It was established in the early 1980s by local bar owners.<ref>{{Cite news|date=March 10, 1981|title=Wild Irish Fun . . .Uptown Oxford|page=6|work=Miami Student|url=https://digital.lib.miamioh.edu/digital/collection/student/id/4518/rec/51}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=March 9, 1982|title=Green Beer Day at CJ's: Special Drink Prices All Thursday|page=7|work=Miami Student|url=https://digital.lib.miamioh.edu/digital/collection/student/id/2331/rec/96}}</ref> Green Beer Day has been called one of the university's "biggest traditions", although it is not sanctioned by the university, which has worked to combat binge drinking in preparation for the event.<ref name="WCPO2">{{cite web|url=https://www.wcpo.com/news/education/higher-education/miami-u-news/green-beer-day-goes-on-at-miami-university-with-some-safety-modifications|title=Miami University students carry on with Green Beer Day despite city, school's safety modifications|author=WCPO Staff|date=March 15, 2017|publisher=[[WCPO]]|access-date=January 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.miamistudent.net/opinion/hunt-embodies-miami-spirit-1.1169409|title="Hunt" embodies Miami spirit|last=Schneider|first= Brett|date=February 22, 2010|newspaper=The Miami Student|access-date=March 3, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301163050/http://www.miamistudent.net/opinion/hunt-embodies-miami-spirit-1.1169409|archive-date=March 1, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wcpo.com/news/education/higher-education/miami-u-news/police-surprise-miami-students-on-green-beer-day-with-ovi-checkpoint|title=Police surprise Miami students on Green Beer Day with OVI checkpoint|last=Harper|first= Briana|date=March 16, 2017|publisher=[[WCPO]]|access-date=January 24, 2018}}</ref>

==Athletics==
{{Main|Miami RedHawks}}
[[File:Miami vs UC 2007 football.JPG|thumb|The [[Miami RedHawks football]] team facing off against [[Cincinnati Bearcats football|Cincinnati]] at [[Yager Stadium (Miami University)|Yager Stadium]]]]
Miami's [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] (NCAA) [[Division I (NCAA)|Division I]] sports teams are called the [[Miami RedHawks|RedHawks]]; the program offers 18 [[varsity sports]] for men and women. They compete in the [[Mid-American Conference]] (MAC) in all varsity sports except ice hockey, which competes in the [[National Collegiate Hockey Conference]]. Miami's athletic teams had several names before 1928, when Miami Publicity Director R.J. McGinnis coined the nickname "Redskins". In 1996, the [[Miami Tribe of Oklahoma]], which works with the university on Native American relations,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wvxu.org/post/how-see-relationship-miami-u-created-its-namesake-myaamia-tribe#stream/0 |title=How To See The Relationship Miami U. Created With Its Namesake Myaamia Tribe |author=Tana Weingartner |date=March 29, 2018 |publisher=91.7 WVXU |access-date=February 24, 2022 }}</ref> withdrew its support for the nickname. The board of trustees voted to change the nickname to the RedHawks in 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1996-11-17-9611170009-story.html |title=ALUM CHEERS AS MIAMI OF OHIO DROPS 'REDSKINS' NICKNAME |date=November 17, 1996 |publisher=Chicago Tribune |access-date=February 24, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2020/12/11/miami-ohio-name-change/ |title=How will fans feel years after dropping the Redskins nickname? Miami (Ohio) provides a clue. |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=February 24, 2022 }}</ref> The current athletic director is [[David Sayler]], who was hired to the position in December 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muredhawks.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=26100&ATCLID=205865563|title=David Sayler: Director of Athletics Profile|publisher=Miami University|access-date=August 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805182513/http://www.muredhawks.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=26100&ATCLID=205865563|archive-date=August 5, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Miami University fosters a complementary relationship with [[Ohio University]], highlighted by the [[Battle of the Bricks]].

Miami is nicknamed the "[[Cradle of Coaches]]" for the coaches that have trained through the [[Miami RedHawks football]] program, including [[College Football Hall of Fame]] inductees [[Paul Brown]], [[Carmen Cozza]], [[Weeb Ewbank]], [[Ara Parseghian]], [[Earl Blaik]], [[Woody Hayes]], [[Bo Schembechler]], and [[Jim Tressel]]. Two former players, [[John Harbaugh]] and [[Sean McVay]], coached their respective teams to victories in [[Super Bowl XLVII]] and [[Super Bowl LVI]], with McVay becoming the youngest head coach to win the Super Bowl at age 36.<ref>{{cite news|work=NBC Chicago.com|url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/sports/super-bowl-2022/rams-hc-sean-mcvay-becomes-youngest-ever-coach-to-win-super-bowl/2758269/#:~:text=The%20Los%20Angeles%20Rams%20defeated,Bengals%2023%2D20%20on%20Sunday.|title=Rams HC Sean McVay Becomes Youngest Ever Coach to Win Super Bowl|date= February 13, 2022|access-date=February 14, 2022}}</ref> Former Miami quarterback [[Ben Roethlisberger]] became a two-time [[Super Bowl]] winning quarterback for the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]]. Miami's football team plays in [[Yager Stadium (Miami University)|Yager Stadium]]; they formerly played in the now demolished [[Miami Field]]. The current head coach is [[Chuck Martin (American football)|Chuck Martin]], who was named head coach on December 3, 2013. The RedHawks compete each year against the [[Cincinnati Bearcats football|Cincinnati Bearcats]] for the [[Victory Bell (Cincinnati–Miami)|Victory Bell]], a tradition that dates back to 1888. The RedHawks are 8–7 all-time in [[bowl game]]s and have secured 23 conference titles as of the 2023 season.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/mioh/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2017-18/prospectus/prospectus.pdf |title=Miami Football 2017 |publisher=Miami University|website=www.miamiredhawks.com|access-date=February 25, 2022 |archive-date=7 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107010535/http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/mioh/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2017-18/prospectus/prospectus.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Miami vs. Air Force (3).jpg|thumb|A game between the [[Miami RedHawks men's basketball]] team and the [[Air Force Falcons men's basketball|Air Force Falcons]]]]
The [[Miami RedHawks men's basketball]] team has appeared in 18 [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|NCAA basketball championship tournaments]], reaching the [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship#Regional semifinals and finals|Sweet Sixteen]] four times, most recently in [[1999 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament|1999]]. Notable former student-athletes have included [[Randy Ayers]], [[Ron Harper]], [[Wally Szczerbiak]], and [[Wayne Embry]]. The team competes in [[Millett Hall]] and is coached by [[Travis Steele]]. The [[2025–26 Miami RedHawks men's basketball team|2025–26 team]] went an undefeated 31–0 in the regular season, setting multiple school and MAC records.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/story/_/id/48128883/no-19-miami-ohio-caps-undefeated-regular-season-ot-win|title=No. 19 Miami (Ohio) caps undefeated regular season with OT win|publisher = ESPN |access-date=March 8, 2026 }}</ref>

[[Miami RedHawks men's ice hockey]] team started in 1978 coached by Steve Cady.<ref name="statsmiamihockey">{{cite web|url=http://www.collegehockeynews.com/reports/teamHistory.php?td=30|title=College hockey News: Miami History|publisher=College Hockey News|access-date=February 10, 2010}}</ref> The RedHawks made the [[2009 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament|NCAA national title game]] in 2009, but lost in overtime to the [[Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey|Boston University Terriers]] after leading much of the game.<ref name="ESPNBUMiamiloss">{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/news/story?id=4061784|title=Boston University's furious rally leads Terriers past Miami (Ohio) for frozen four title|date=April 12, 2009|access-date=February 10, 2010|publisher=[[ESPN]]|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> They have made 12 appearances in the NCAA tournament. The men's ice hockey team plays at the [[Goggin Ice Center]] as part of the National Collegiate Hockey Conference.

The [[Miami University Synchronized Skating Team]] team began in August 1977 as a "Precision Skating Club" at Goggin Ice Center.<ref name="skatingsummary">{{cite web|url=http://web.icenetwork.com/skaters/detail.jsp?id=38038&mode=T|title=Miami University Wins Second Senior National Championship|publisher=U.S. Figure Skating|access-date=February 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101095712/http://web.icenetwork.com/skaters/detail.jsp?id=38038&mode=T|archive-date=January 1, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The program achieved varsity status by 1996.<ref name="vicki">{{cite web|url=http://www.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090518&content_id=64741&vkey=ice_pressrelease|title=Korn announces retirement from Miami University|publisher=Ice Network|access-date=February 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614224801/http://www.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090518&content_id=64741&vkey=ice_pressrelease|archive-date=June 14, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Miami University senior [[synchronized skating]] team are the 1999, 2006, and 2009 U.S. national champions.<ref name="vicki" /><ref name="synchronizedskating2006">{{cite web|url=http://www.usfigureskating.org/event_story.asp?id=33252|title=Miami University Wins Second Senior National Championship|author=Brown, Mickey|date=February 25, 2006|publisher=U.S. Figure Skating|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613082530/http://www.usfigureskating.org/event_story.asp?id=33252|archive-date=June 13, 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=February 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="synchronizedskating2009">{{cite web|url=http://www.usfigureskating.org/leaderboard/results/50228/results.html|title=2009 U.S. Synchronized Skating Championships|publisher=U.S. Figure Skating|access-date=February 26, 2010|archive-date=September 26, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926160200/http://www.usfigureskating.org/leaderboard/results/50228/results.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Miami won a silver medal at the 2007 World Championships, the first medal ever won by [[U.S. Figure Skating|Team USA]] for synchronized skating.<ref name="worldchampionships">{{cite web|url=http://www.usfigureskating.org/event_story.asp?id=38103|title=Miami University Takes Silver at World Synchronized Skating Championships|author=Hodge, Kelly|date=March 31, 2007|publisher=U.S. Figure Skating|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613082611/http://www.usfigureskating.org/event_story.asp?id=38103|archive-date=June 13, 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=February 26, 2010}}</ref> The collegiate-level team has won 18 national titles; Miami created a junior-varsity level team beneath the senior level.<ref name="vicki" />

At one time Miami had a competitive wrestling program, but eliminated the wrestling program, along with men's golf and tennis, in 1999 to better comply with [[Title IX]] regulations.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-6th-circuit/1161180.html|title=MIAMI UNIVERSITY WRESTLING CLUB, ET AL. v. MIAMI UNIVERSITY|website=Findlaw|language=en-US|access-date=December 23, 2019}}</ref> Several members of the cut teams sued the university president, athletic director, and board of trustees, alleging that the removal of the teams violated their [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourteenth Amendment]] and Title IX protections.<ref name=":1" /> Enlisting the help of the [[Center for Individual Rights]], the students took their case to the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio]], where a district judge denied their claims. The students appealed to the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit]], where two judges affirmed the district court's ruling.<ref name=":1" />

==Alumni==
{{Main|List of Miami University people}}

[[File:Benjamin Harrison, head and shoulders bw photo, 1896.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Benjamin Harrison]], 23rd [[president of the United States]]]]

Miami University has more than 220,000 alumni.<ref name="h765"/> Alumni are active through various organizations and events, such as Alumni Weekend.<ref name="miamialumweekend">{{cite web|title=Alumni Weekend|publisher=Miami University Alumni Association|url=http://www.miamialum.org/s/916/internal.aspx?sid=916&gid=1&pgid=270|access-date=February 27, 2010}}</ref> The Alumni Association has active chapters in over 50 cities.<ref name="chapters">{{cite web|title=Chapters|publisher=Miami University Alumni Association|url=http://www.miamialum.org/s/916/internal.aspx?sid=916&gid=1&pgid=573|access-date=February 27, 2010}}</ref> A number of Miami alumni have made significant contributions in the fields of academia, business, entertainment, government, journalism, and sports, among others.

[[Benjamin Harrison]], the 23rd [[president of the United States]], graduated from Miami University in 1852.<ref name="obituaryharrison">{{cite news|title=Benjamin Harrison Dead|date=March 14, 1901|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0820.html|access-date=February 27, 2010}}</ref> [[Chung Un-chan]], the 36th [[prime minister of South Korea]], received a master's degree in economics from Miami in 1972.<ref name="cungchan">{{cite web|title=Miami alumnus elected premier of South Korea|date=October 1, 2009|publisher=Miami University|url=http://www.miamioh.edu/news/article/view/12372|access-date=February 27, 2010}}</ref> [[Paul Ryan]], the 54th [[speaker of the United States House of Representatives]], graduated from Miami in 1992.<ref name="paulryan">{{cite web|title=Paul Ryan Delivers Commencement Address at Miami University|publisher=Republican Policy Committee|url=http://policy.house.gov/paul-ryan-delivers-commencement-address-miami-university|access-date=February 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301115113/http://policy.house.gov/paul-ryan-delivers-commencement-address-miami-university|archive-date=March 1, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other notable political alumni include eight governors,{{efn|They are Ohio governors [[Charles Anderson (governor)|Charles Anderson]], [[James E. Campbell]], [[William Dennison Jr.]], [[Mike DeWine]], and [[Andrew L. Harris]], as well as [[John J. McRae]] of Mississippi, [[Oliver P. Morton]] of Indiana, and [[John B. Weller]] of California.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_ohio/col2-content/main-content-list/title_anderson_charles.html|title=Ohio Governor Charles Anderson|publisher= National Governors Association|access-date=August 5, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=James E. Campbell|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000087|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|access-date=March 10, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Andrew L. Harris|url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Andrew_L._Harris|publisher=ohiohistorycentral.org|access-date=March 11, 2014|archive-date=March 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311180529/http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Andrew_L._Harris|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mike DeWine|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000294|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|access-date=March 10, 2014}}</ref>}} six U.S. Senators,{{efn|They are [[Calvin S. Brice]], [[Maria Cantwell]],<ref name="mariacantwell">{{cite news|title=Maria Cantwell|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/c000127/|access-date=February 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100810215315/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/c000127/|archive-date=August 10, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mike DeWine, John J. McRae, Oliver P. Morton, [[George E. Pugh]], and John B. Weller}} along with numerous federal representatives, state legislators, and ambassadors. Miami graduate and admiral [[Sidney Souers]] was the first director of the [[Central Intelligence Agency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2020/august/how-admiral-souers-shaped-national-security-system |title=How Admiral Souers Shaped the National Security System |author=Briem, Christopher |publisher=United States Naval Institute |date=August 2020 |access-date=September 13, 2024 }}</ref>

Prominent alumni in business include [[Brian Niccol]], who currently serves as the chairman and CEO of [[Starbucks]];<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stories.starbucks.com/press/2024/starbucks-names-brian-niccol-as-chairman-and-chief-executive-officer/ |title=Starbucks names Brian Niccol as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |publisher=Starbucks Corporation |date=August 13, 2024 |access-date=September 10, 2024 }}</ref> [[C. Michael Armstrong]], who was chairman and CEO of both [[AT&T]] and [[Hughes Aircraft Co.]], as well as chairman of the [[President's Export Council]]; [[Lynn Good]], former president and CEO of [[Duke Energy]]; [[Marne Levine]], former chief business officer at [[Facebook]] and COO of [[Instagram]];<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 14, 2016|title=Marne Levine at 2016 CAS Recognition Exercises|url=https://www.miamioh.edu/cas/alumni/marne-levine/index.html|access-date=July 29, 2021|website=Miami University College of Arts and Science}}</ref> [[Arthur D. Collins, Jr.]], former chairman and CEO of [[Medtronic]];<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Seeking Answers Takes Alumnus Beyond High Street|url=https://www.miamioh.edu/fsb/_files/documents/about/journeysummer2018.pdf|journal=The Journey|volume=Summer 2018|pages=26–29}}</ref> [[John G. Smale]], former chief executive of [[Procter & Gamble]] and chairman of [[General Motors]]; and [[Cintas]] founder and CEO emeritus [[Richard T. Farmer]], after whom the university's business school is named.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Dick and Joyce Farmer|url=https://www.miamioh.edu/fsb/about/meet-farmers/index.html|access-date=July 29, 2021|website=Miami University Farmer School of Business}}</ref>

[[Rita Dove]], a [[Pulitzer Prize]] winner and the first African-American [[United States Poet Laureate]], graduated ''summa cum laude'' from Miami.<ref name="libofcongress">{{cite web|title=Librarian of Congress Appoints Rita Dove Poet Laureate|date=May 19, 1993|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]|url=https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/1993/93-071.html|access-date=February 27, 2010}}</ref> Political satirist and journalist [[P.J. O'Rourke]] graduated from Miami in 1969,<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.miamialum.org/s/916/16/interior.aspx?pgid=8067&gid=1&cid=26353|title = Boomers' Ballad|last = Marsh|first = Betsa|work = Miami University Alumni Association|publisher = Miami University|access-date = February 15, 2022}}</ref> and [[CNN]]/[[Fox News]] host [[Bill Hemmer]] received a degree in journalism in 1987.<ref name="f077">{{cite web | last=Pasley | first=James | title=The life of Bill Hemmer, the least controversial personality at Fox News | website=Business Insider | date=March 24, 2020 | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/bill-hemmer-fox-news-anchor-life-bio-photos#after-graduating-in-1987-he-worked-as-a-sports-producer-for-wlwt-channel-5-then-as-a-reporter-for-cincinnatis-wcpo-for-two-years-he-told-insider-he-was-earning-9000-a-year-16 | access-date=December 24, 2025}}</ref> Famous alumni entertainers include [[Mojo Nixon]], [[Nick Lachey]], and [[Tina Louise]].<ref name="d220">{{cite web | author=The Record Online | title=Reality TV Host | website=The Record Online | date=June 5, 2025 | url=https://therecordonline.net/alumni/meet-brother-nick-lachey-miami-oh-96-the-multifaceted-reality-tv-host/ | access-date=December 24, 2025}}</ref><ref name="k243">{{cite web | last=Gross | first=Ed | title=Tina Louise on Her Memoir, Childhood, 'Gilligan's Island' and More | website=Woman's World | date=January 31, 2025 | url=https://www.womansworld.com/entertainment/classic-tv/tina-louise-on-her-memoir-childhood-gilligans-island-and-more | access-date=December 24, 2025}}</ref> In science, notable alumni include theoretical physicist [[Benjamin W. Lee]].<ref name="i965">{{cite web | title=Dr. Benjamin Lee, 42, of Fermilab; Noted Physicist Was Crash Victim | website=The New York Times | date=June 18, 1977 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/06/18/archives/dr-benjamin-lee-42-of-fermilab-noted-physicist-was-crash-victim.html | access-date=December 24, 2025}}</ref>

In sports, [[Chris Rose]] is a studio host with the [[MLB Network]] and [[NFL Network]]. Current NFL head coaches [[John Harbaugh]] and [[Sean McVay]] both played football at Miami. [[Paul Brown]], the partial founder of both the [[Cleveland Browns]] and the [[Cincinnati Bengals]] and a head coach for both teams, graduated from the class of 1930.<ref name="Brown">{{cite web|title=Miami University Alumni on 50 Greatest Coaches List|date=July 9, 2009|publisher=Miami University|url=http://www.muredhawks.com/sports/m-basebl/spec-rel/080509aab.html|access-date=February 27, 2010|archive-date=February 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225053539/http://www.muredhawks.com/sports/m-basebl/spec-rel/080509aab.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Numerous Miami alumni have played in professional sports leagues, among them NBA All-Stars [[Wayne Embry]] and [[Wally Szczerbiak]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/craig/draft/1999_draft/Players/szczerbiak.html|title=Wally Szczerbiak, Miami (Ohio)|website=Ibiblio.org|access-date=March 21, 2017}}</ref> and two-time [[Super Bowl]]-winning quarterback [[Ben Roethlisberger]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bigben7.com/biography/|title=Biography {{!}} Ben Roethlisberger's Official Fan Site|website=bigben7.com|language=en-US|access-date=March 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322023330/http://bigben7.com/biography/|archive-date=March 22, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Ohio}}
* [[Miami University Press]]
* [[Cradle of Coaches]]
* [[Green Beer Day]]
* [[Harker's Run (Ohio)|Harker's Run]] 
* [[Miami Tribe of Oklahoma]]
* [[Mother of Fraternities]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

'''Further reading'''
* {{Cite book |editor1-first=Bert S. |editor1-last=Barlow |editor2-first=W. H. |editor2-last=Todhunter |editor3-first=Stephen D. |editor3-last=Cone |editor4-first=Joseph J. |editor4-last=Pater |editor5-first=Frederick |editor5-last=Schneider |title=Centennial History of Butler County, Ohio |location=[[Hamilton, Ohio]] |publisher=B.F. Bowen |year=1905 }}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Miami University}}
* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.muredhawks.com/ Miami University Athletics website]

{{Miami University}}
{{Navboxes
|titlestyle = {{CollegePrimaryStyle|Miami RedHawks|color=white}}
|list =
{{Mid-American Conference navbox}}
{{National Collegiate Hockey Conference}}
{{Public Ivy}}
{{Public universities in Ohio}}
{{Colleges and universities in Ohio}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|39.511905|-84.734674|display=title}}

[[Category:Miami University buildings and structures|Buildings and structures of Miami University]]
[[Category:Miami University| ]]
[[Category:Public universities and colleges in Ohio]]
[[Category:Greater Cincinnati Consortium of Colleges and Universities]]
[[Category:Education in Butler County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Butler County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Butler County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1809]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges accredited by the Higher Learning Commission]]

Genome Valley

2026-03-22T16:06:57Z

JoannaCostantino: adjust references after review

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Genome Valley
| image_skyline = Genome valley hyderabad logo.jpg
| type = Life Sciences
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagicon|India}} [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = City
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hyderabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = District
| subdivision_name3 = [[Medchal-Malkajgiri district]]
| key_people =
| area_served =
| area_total_km2 = 8.1
| products =
| services =
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| num_employees =
| parent =
| owner =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| caption =
| website = {{URL|https://lifesciences.telangana.gov.in/life-sciences-grid/clusters/genome-valley/}} {{URL|http://genomevalley.co/}} {{URL|http://www.mnpark.in/}} {{URL|http://www.ikpknowledgepark.com/}} {{URL|http://www.innopolis-gv.com/}}
| established_date = {{Start date and age|1999|11|22|df=yes/no}}
| established_title = [[Municipal incorporation|Established]]
| founder = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| dissolved =
| footnotes =
| nickname =
}}
'''Genome Valley''' is an Indian [[high-technology]] business district spread across {{convert|2000|acre|km2|adj=on}}/(3.1 sq mi) in [[Hyderabad]], India.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/pharma-majors-queue-up-for-space-at-hyderabads-genome-valley/articleshow/77341405.cms|title=Pharma majors queue up for space at Hyderabad's Genome Valley|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Special Correspondent |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/article2648392.ece?css=print |title=Today's Paper / NATIONAL : BioAsia-2012 to focus on vaccines, IPR, CROs and investments |newspaper=The Hindu |date=2011-11-22 |accessdate=2012-08-21}}</ref> It is located across the suburbs, [[Turakapally]], [[Shamirpet]], [[Medchal]], [[Uppal Kalan|Uppal]], [[Patancheru]], [[Jeedimetla]], [[Gachibowli]] and [[Keesara]]. The Genome Valley has developed as a cluster for [[Biomedical research]], training and manufacturing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://biospectrumindia.ciol.com/content/BioAsia/104031108.asp |title=BioSpectrumIndia - the business of biotech - Moving Towards Consolidation |publisher=Biospectrumindia.ciol.com |accessdate=2012-08-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081105092920/http://biospectrumindia.ciol.com/content/BioAsia/104031108.asp |archivedate=2008-11-05 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Our Bureau |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/economy/article2875807.ece |title=Business Line : Industry & Economy / Economy : AP Govt making policies more industry-friendly, says CM |publisher=Thehindubusinessline.com |date=2012-02-12 |accessdate=2012-08-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Our Bureau |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/article2418458.ece |title=Business Line : Industry & Economy News : Tag from US lab may help drug-makers find markets |publisher=Thehindubusinessline.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-21}}</ref> Genome Valley is now into its Phase III, which is about 11 km from the Phase I and II with the total area approximately {{convert|2000|acre|km2|adj=on}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/valley-of-growth/article66091900.ece|title=Valley of Growth|newspaper=The Hindu |date=4 November 2022 }}</ref>

==History==
{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 250
| align = right
| image1 = Icrisat 02.JPG
| width1 = 2048
| height1 = 1536
| image2 = CCMB Hyderabad India.jpg
| width2 = 2048
| height2 = 1536
| image3 = CSIR IICT Hyderabad.jpg
| width3 = 2048
| height3 = 1536
| image4 = Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) in Hyderabad.jpg
| width4 = 2048
| height4 = 1536
| image5 = National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad.jpg
| width5 = 2048
| height5 = 1025
| footer = Clockwise from upper left:
*[[International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics|ICRISAT]], [[Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology|CCMB]], [[Indian Institute of Chemical Technology|IICT]], [[Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics|CDFD]], [[National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad|NIN]]
}}
{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 250
| align = right
| image1 = Bharat Biotech campus 3.jpg
| width1 = 960
| height1 = 645
| image2 = Shantha biotechnics India manufacturing unit.jpg
| width2 = 960
| height2 = 644
| image3 = Vimta lasb clinical genome valley.jpg
| width3 = 402
| height3 = 402
| image4 = Dr. Reddys Finished Dosage Facility III.jpg
| width4 = 720
| height4 = 479
| image5 = Granules JDM plant.JPG
| width5 = 4739
| height5 = 3237
| image6 = GVK BIO clinical research.jpg
| width6 = 800
| height6 = 533
| footer = Clockwise from upper left:
* Biopharma manufacturing unit of [[Bharat Biotech]] near the Biocluster
* Biopharma manufacturing unit of [[Shantha Biotechnics]] near the Biocluster
* Biopharma Finished Dosage Unit of [[Dr. Reddy's Laboratories]]
* [[GVK (conglomerate)|GVK Biosciences]]
* [[Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient|API]] manufacturing unit of [[Granules India Limited]] in [[Jeedimetla]]
* Vimta Labs Life Sciences Center near the Biocluster
* Itaan Pharma Private Ltd unit near Karkapatla
| image7 = Itaan Pharma.jpg
}}
[[File:Novartis Hyderabad office.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Novartis]] India headquarters]]
The concept of Genome Valley was envisioned by [[Krishna Ella|Dr. Krishna Ella]], the founder of Bharat Biotech. He proposed the idea of creating a dedicated biotech hub that would bring together research, development, and manufacturing facilities in the life sciences sector. The realization of Genome Valley as a world-class biotech hub was driven by the efforts of [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]], the then Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (before the bifurcation of the state into Andhra Pradesh and Telangana).

Genome Valley was commissioned by the then combined [[Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)|Government Andhra Pradesh]] in 1999 as ''S. P. Biotech Park'' in a public-private partnership with [[Bharat Biotech|Bharat Biotech International]], and its founder [[Krishna Ella]], alongside private infrastructure companies such as [[Shapoorji Pallonji Group]] and [[ICICI Bank]].<ref>{{cite web|author=rediff|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-meet-the-man-behind-indias-genome-valley/20110107.htm|title=Genome valley history|date=|accessdate=2012-08-21}}</ref>

===Alexandria Knowledge Park SEZ===
In 2009, U.S.-based infrastructure giant ''Alexandria Real Estate Equities'' has announced its plans to invest in the bio-cluster, which led to the Alexandria Knowledge Park SEZ.<ref>{{cite news|author=The Hindu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/alexandria-to-invest-1000-cr-in-genome-valley/article288543.ece|title=Alexandria to invest 1000 cr in genome valley|website=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 May 2009|accessdate=2012-08-21}}</ref> The bio-cluster at [[Shamirpet]] holds [[Certification mark]] by the [[United States Patent and Trademark Office]] and the [[European Union]].<ref>Hyderabad's Genome Valley gets US certification, Indo Asian News Service Friday, 6 July 2007 | publisher=india-forums.com</ref>

===IKP Knowledge Park===
The IKP Knowledge Park is spread over 200 acres in [[Turakapally]], is an initiative of [[ICICI Bank]] with five "innovation corridors" - a first of its kind knowledge-nurturing centre for Indian companies and a knowledge gateway for multinational companies".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iciciknowledgepark.com/icicikp/iciciinnerfiles/genomevalley.htm%7ctitle=iciciknowledgepark.com%7cwork=iciciknowledgepark.com|title=iciciknowledgepark.com|access-date=20 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032550/http://www.iciciknowledgepark.com/icicikp/iciciinnerfiles/genomevalley.htm%7ctitle=iciciknowledgepark.com%7cwork=iciciknowledgepark.com#|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The first phase of Innovation Corridor I, comprising 10 laboratories, around 3,000 ft² (300 m²) each, is operational and fully occupied. The second phase of Innovation Corridor I, comprising 16 laboratory modules of 1,700 ft² (170 m²) each, is ready for operation.

==Growth==
===Neovantage Innovation Parks===
In 2016, Mission Neutral Park acquired specialized R&D assets in Genome Valley from U.S.-based Alexandria REIT and rechristened it as MN Park. It was later rebranded as Neovantage Innovation Parks in 2023. Neovantage Innovation Parks is a collaborative life sciences ecosystem in Genome Valley, [[Hyderabad]] consisting of Grade A R&D facilities.

Neovantage Innovation Parks is spread over 1,000,000 sq ft of space, including built-up facilities of around 850,000 sq.ft. provided to global tenants like [[Novartis]], [[GlaxoSmithKline]], [[Mylan]] and [[Ashland Inc.]] The campuses consist of pre-leased industrial assets and specialized office spaces to sectors including specialized warehousing, vaccine development, CROs, Bio-Pharma Production, pharmaceutical R&D etc.

===Big Pharma and Global Capability Centers===
{{castlist|
*[[Novartis]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businesswireindia.com/pressrelease.asp?b2mid=19760 |title=Novartis India Limited, Amit Kumar, Dr Anuradha Sinha |publisher=Businesswireindia.com |date=2009-08-13 |accessdate=2012-08-21}}</ref>
*[[Sandoz]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sandoz-to-set-up-global-capability-centre-in-hyderabad/article66453903.ece|title=Sandoz to set up global capability centre in Hyderabad|first=BL Hyderabad|last=Bureau|date=1 February 2023|website=BusinessLine}}</ref>
*[[Roche]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/hyderabad-roche-pharma-sets-up-its-second-data-analytics-center-in-india-8215156/|title=Hyderabad: Roche Pharma sets up its second data analytics centre in India|date=18 October 2022}}</ref>
*[[Bristol Myers Squibb]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science/bristol-myers-squibb-to-invest-100-million-in-hyderabad-to-set-up-innovation-centre/article66543501.ece | title=Bristol-Myers Squibb to invest $100 million in Hyderabad to set up innovation centre | date=23 February 2023 }}</ref>
*[[Amgen]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/american-biopharmaceutical-giant-amgen-to-open-its-india-office-in-hyderabad/article68505274.ece|title=American biopharmaceutical giant Amgen to open its India office in Hyderabad|first=R. Ravikanth|last=Reddy|date=9 August 2024|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/in/news-releases/amgen-to-open-new-site-in-hyderabad-india-302217325.html|title=AMGEN TO OPEN NEW SITE IN HYDERABAD, INDIA|website=www.prnewswire.com}}</ref>
*[[Eli Lilly and Company]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://careers.lilly.com/us/en/hyderabad-india|title=Lilly in Hyderabad|website=Lilly}}</ref>
*[[Sanofi]]<ref>{{Cite web| title=Sanofi announces expansion of its Global Capability Centre in Hyderabad | url=https://www.sanofi.com/assets/countries/india/docs/Media/press-releases/2024/sanofi-announces-expansion-of-its-global-capability-centre-in-hyderabad.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118081001/https://www.sanofi.com/assets/countries/india/docs/Media/press-releases/2024/sanofi-announces-expansion-of-its-global-capability-centre-in-hyderabad.pdf | archive-date=2025-01-18}}</ref>
*[[Johnson & Johnson]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/p-g-cogent-open-telangana-plants-johnson-johnson-begins-work-114091801032_1.html|title=P&G, Cogent open Telangana plants, Johnson & Johnson begins work|author=IANS|date=18 September 2014|work=business-standard.com}}</ref>
*[[Bayer]]<ref>[http://www.bayergroupindia.com/bio_science.html Bayer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104000201/http://www.bayergroupindia.com/bio_science.html |date=2013-11-04 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/agri-biz/bayer-launches-multicrop-breeding-station-in-hyderabad/article5200943.ece|title=Bayer launches multi-crop breeding station in Hyderabad|author=Our Bureau|work=The Hindu Business Line}}</ref>
*[[Baxter International|Baxter]]
*[[Merck & Co.]]
*[[United States Pharmacopeia]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.icfdc.com/html/newsarchives/science/icfdc_Science_20050810_a.html# |title=US Pharmacopeia to set up lab in Hyderabad |access-date=19 February 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060618005440/http://www.icfdc.com/html/newsarchives/science/icfdc_Science_20050810_a.html# |archive-date=18 June 2006 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
*[[Lonza Group]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biospectrumindia.com/biospecindia/news/156192/lonza-investing-rs405-india|title='Lonza is investing Rs.405 cr in India'|work=biospectrumindia.com|access-date=28 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002192540/http://www.biospectrumindia.com/biospecindia/news/156192/lonza-investing-rs405-india|archive-date=2 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[GSK plc]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/gsk-looking-to-invest-more-in-hyderabad/article65430564.ece|title=GSK looking to invest more in Hyderabad|newspaper=The Hindu |date=19 May 2022|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
*[[Dr. Reddy's Laboratories]]
*[[Aurobindo Pharma]]

===Contract Research===
*[[Thermo Fisher Scientific]]
*[[Syneos Health]]
*[[PAREXEL]]
*[[IQVIA]]
*[[GlobalData]]
*[[Cytel]]
}}

===Clinical and Healthcare IT===
{{castlist|
*[[Oracle Corporation]]
*[[Veeva Systems]]
*[[Medidata Solutions]]
*[[Merative]]
*[[Accenture]]
*[[Tata Consultancy Services]]
*[[Infosys]]
*[[Wipro]]
*[[HCLTech]]
*[[Tech Mahindra]]
*[[LTIMindtree]]
*[[Clarivate]]
*[[Informa]]
*[[Optum]]
*Advarra
}}

===Manufacturing===
{{castlist|
*[[DuPont|Dupont Knowledge Center]]
*[[Shantha Biotechnics]], a [[Sanofi]] company
*[[Bharat Biotech]] International
*[[Divi's Laboratories]]
*Glukem Biocare Private Limited
*[https://itaanpharma.com/ Itaan Pharma Private Limited]
*[[Granules India Limited]]
*[[Biocon]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Udgirkar |first=Trushna |url=http://www.mydigitalfc.com/news/biocon-spend-rs-200-cr-rd-manufacturing-934 |title=Biocon to spend Rs 200 cr on R&D, manufacturing |publisher=mydigitalfc.com |accessdate=2012-08-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322064316/http://www.mydigitalfc.com/news/biocon-spend-rs-200-cr-rd-manufacturing-934 |archivedate=2012-03-22 }}</ref>
*[[Bharat Biotech]]
*[[Biological E. Limited]]
*Neuland Laboratories
*BioServe Global
*[[Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited]]
*[[Nuziveedu Seeds Private Limited]]
*Advanta India
*[[Monsanto]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Our Bureau |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/agri-biz/article3273763.ece |title=Business Line : Industry & Economy / Agri-biz : Monsanto opens Rs 28 cr seed conditioning facility at Shamirpet |publisher=Thehindubusinessline.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-21}}</ref>
*[[Merck KGaA]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/18/stories/2007021819210400.htm | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Merck completes talks with IKP on R&D unit | date=February 18, 2007}}</ref>
*[[Makhteshim Agan]]
*[[Roche Diagnostics]]
*[[Mylan]]
*[[Medtronic]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.expresshealthcare.in/201203/market28.shtml |title=Covidien's New R&D Centre in Hyderabad - Express Healthcare |publisher=Expresshealthcare.in |date= |accessdate=2012-08-21 |archive-date=13 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213105601/http://www.expresshealthcare.in/201203/market28.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Millipore
*Albany Molecular Research
*Biogenex International
*Nektar Therapeutics
*Avesthagen
*Virchow Biotech
*Phenomenex (chromatography company)
*Metropolis
*EPRCCRB - A Vitane group of companies
}}

===R & D===
{{castlist|
*[[International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics]]
*[[Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology]]
*[[Indian Institute of Chemical Technology]]
*[[Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics]]
*[[Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani – Hyderabad Campus]]
*[[National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad]]
*[[National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research]]
*[[National Institute of Animal Biotechnology]]
*[[Indian Immunologicals Limited]]
*[[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad]]
*[[Sir Ronald Ross Institute of Parasitology]]
*[[Directorate of Rice Research|Directorate of Rice and Oil Seeds Research]]
*[[Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Hyderabad]]
*[[Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants]]
*[[L. V. Prasad Eye Institute]]
*[[National Academy of Agricultural Research Management]]
*Centre for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, IIIT Hyderabad
*TCS Bioinformatics Innovation Lab, Hyderabad
*Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
*Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute
*Central Research Institute for Dry Land Agriculture
*Center For Sustainable Agriculture, Hyderabad
*Central Food Technology Research Institute - Resource Center
*Apollo Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center
*American Oncology Institute
*Asian Institute of Gastroenterology
*Owaisi Center for Liver Research and diagnostics
* Alembic
* Bharat Biotech
* RCC Laboratories
}}

===Small Biotechs===
{{castlist|
*Ocimum Biosolutions
*[[GVK (conglomerate)|Excelra]]
*[[Laurus Labs]]
* Vimta Labs
* Enveda Therapeutics
}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Hyderabad}}
*[[Hyderabad Pharma City]]
*[[Department of Biotechnology]]
*[[Pharmaceutical industry in India]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Hyderabad_topics}}
{{Contract research organization}}

[[Category:1999 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Economy of Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Industrial parks in India]]
[[Category:Science parks in India]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:High-technology business districts in India]]
[[Category:Biotechnology]]

Solomon Pappaiah

2026-03-15T10:38:57Z

JoannaCostantino: refined structure after review

{{Short description|Indian scholar and actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Solomon Pappaiah
| father = Mr. A Sundaram
| mother = Bakkiam
| image =
| imagesize =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1936|02|22}}
| birth_place = Sathangudi, [[Tirumangalam, Madurai|Thirumangalam]], [[Madurai]]
| alma mater = [[The American College in Madurai|The American College]] (BA) [[Thiagarajar College]] (MA)
| occupation = [[Professor]] (1961-1994) The American College<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nilacharal.com/category/celebrities/|title=Celebrities Archives}}</ref>
| awards = {{plainlist|
* [[Kalaimamani]] (2000)
* [[Padma Shri]] (2021)
}}
}}

'''Solomon Pappaiah''' (Tamil:சாலமன் பாப்பையா) (born 22 February 1936), also known as '''Solomon Pappiah''' and '''Salomon Pappayah''', is an Indian scholar and a television icon in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. He is best known for moderating debate talk shows, known as 'patti mandrams', which have been airing on Tamil Television Channels for over three decades. He is credited for taking social themes to the masses and has so far moderated over 12,000 debates programmes across the globe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/Mesmerising-the-masses/article16817129.ece|title=Mesmerising the masses|first=T.|last=Saravanan|date=26 February 2010|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> He is carrying Tamil literature service for almost 60 years and is considered one of the greatest Tamil scholars. His modest approach in speaking and life has earned him a large reputation among Tamil-speaking people throughout the world. He was awarded India's fourth highest civilian award, the [[Padma Shri]], in 2021.<ref name=Padma>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=57307 |title=PIB Press Release: This Year's Padma Awards announced |publisher=Pib.nic.in |access-date=2011-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/shinzo-abe-tarun-gogoi-ram-vilas-paswan-among-padma-award-winners-complete-list/articleshow/80453596.cms |title=Shinzo Abe, Tarun Gogoi, Ram Vilas Paswan among Padma Award winners: Complete list |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=25 January 2021 |access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref>

==Early life==
Born as the ninth child in a family of 12 to A. Sundaram and S. Pakkiam, Pappaiah had his job cut out as his father was a mill worker and did not have the wherewithal to financially support his studies. With financial help from his friends, he was able to continue his education. Arasu, his drawing master at the American College Higher Secondary School, taught him the skills. Professor Jothi Muthu of American College groomed his love for the language. Pappiah joined Thiagarajar College to pursue post-graduation in Tamil and became the first batch of MA Tamil students. He entered the public stage fray in 1960, while he was a lecturer at The American College. He rose to the position of Head of Department for Tamil in American college and extended his Tamil literature knowledge to all people through various forums. Eventually, he created a social awakening in the evolution of Patti Mandrams. He has also written and directed plays at college.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/archive/|title=Archive News|website=The Hindu}}</ref>

==Speaking style==
Pappaiah is known for his ‘down to earth' speaking style. His command of Tamil enables him to get complex literary issues across to the common man. This has enabled him to take social themes to the masses and bring about a social awakening in the evolution of Patti Mandrams in Tamil Nadu and beyond.<ref name="auto"/>

==Awards and titles==

* He is referred to as "Tamil Arignar" and "Iyal Kalai Arignar"<ref name="auto1"/>
* He was awarded [[Kalaimamani]] by the Government of Tamil Nadu in 2000<ref>{{usurped|[https://archive.today/20130125130446/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2000/10/09/stories/04092234.htm]}}</ref>
* [[Annamalai University]] conferred him with "Muthamizh Perarignar" award in 2010<ref name="auto"/>
* He was awarded [[Padma Shri]] by the Government of India in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Solomon Pappaiah on Padma Shri: This is a recognition for pattimandram|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/solomon-pappaiah-on-padma-shri-this-is-a-recognition-for-pattimandram/articleshow/80468815.cms|access-date=2021-01-30|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Padma Awards 2021|url=https://padmaawards.gov.in/PDFS/2021AwardeesList.pdf}}</ref>

==Writing==
Solomon Pappaiah has penned few books:
* Pattukottai Kalyanasundaram: Or Paarvai
* Urai Malargal
* Urai Kothu
* Tirukkural Uraiyudan
* Purananooru Puthiya Varisai Vagai

==Acting==
Pappaiah also appeared in two of director [[S. Shankar|Shankar]]'s film: [[Boys (2003 film)|Boys]] and [[Sivaji: The Boss]].
*Pudhu Varusham (1992)<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFlCrnIsJSc|title=Pudhu Varusham|via=Youtube|time=10:22 to 10:40}}</ref>
*[[Boys (2003 film)|Boys]] (2003)
*[[Yes Madam (2003 film)|Yes Madam]] (2003)
*[[Sivaji: The Boss]] (2007)

==Personal life==
He was born in Sathangudi, Thirumangalam taluk, Madurai. Pappaiah resided in Madurai, India, with his wife Jeyabai until her death on 12 January 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=மரணமடைந்த சாலமன் பாப்பையா மனைவி - அஞ்சலி செலுத்திய அமைச்சர் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/tamilnadu/1346784-ministers-pay-tribute-to-the-death-of-solomon-pappaiah-wife.html |work=Hindu Tamil Thisai |date=12 January 2025 |access-date=10 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Solomon Pappaiah’s wife passes away in Madurai, Minister PTR pays homage and respects |url=https://www.lotustimes.org/2025/01/12/solomon-pappaiahs-wife-passes-away-in-madurai-minister-ptr-pays-homage-and-respects/ |work=Lotus Times |date=12 January 2025 |access-date=10 September 2025}}</ref> They have a son and a daughter.<ref name="auto1"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bharathibaskar.wordpress.com/about-bharathi-baskar/|title=About|date=21 July 2016}}</ref>

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|2696441}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Papaiya, Solomon}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:Writers from Madurai]]
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Television personalities from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Male actors from Madurai]]
[[Category:Tirukkural commentators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Journalists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]

Onkar Singh Pahwa

2026-03-15T03:09:29Z

JoannaCostantino: created a biography.

{{Short description |Indian industrialist and recipient of Padma Shri}}
{{Use Indian English |date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates |date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Onkar Singh Pahwa
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab]], [[India]]
| occupation = [[Industrialist]]
| known_for = Chairman and Managing Director of Avon Cycles President of All India Cycle Manufacturers’ Association (AICMA)
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2025)
}}

'''Onkar Singh Pahwa''' is an Indian [[Business magnate|industrialist]] and the Chairman and Managing Director of Avon Cycles, a leading bicycle manufacturer headquartered in [[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab]]. He is also the President of the All India Cycle Manufacturers’ Association (AICMA). In 2025, he was conferred with the [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth-highest civilian honour, for his contributions to trade and industry.<ref name="pib">{{cite web |title=Padma Awards 2025 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2096285 |publisher=Press Information Bureau |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref>

==Career==
Onkar Singh Pahwa has been associated with Avon Cycles for several decades. Under his leadership, the company expanded its operations globally and played a significant role in making affordable bicycles accessible in India and internationally.<ref name="toi">{{cite news |title=Quite amazed, says Onkar Singh Pahwa who took Ludhiana-made Avon Cycles to the world on Padma Shri honour |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/quite-amazed-says-onkar-singh-pahwa-who-took-ludhiana-made-avon-cycles-to-the-world-on-padma-shri-honour/articleshow/117611801.cms |work=The Times of India |date=26 January 2025 |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="ht">{{cite news |title='Unexpected milestone': Pahwa on Padma Shri award |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/unexpected-milestone-pahwa-on-padma-shri-award-101738000506625.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=27 January 2025 |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref>

Pahwa has advocated for the use of bicycles as an eco-friendly and healthy mode of transportation. During health awareness campaigns, he emphasized cycling's role in promoting physical well-being and reducing pollution.<ref name="tribune">{{cite news |title=The managing director of Avon Cycles Onkar Singh Pahwa stresses the importance of health this Diwali |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/the-managing-director-of-avon-cycles-onkar-singh-pahwa-stresses-the-importance-of-health-this-diwali/ |work=The Tribune |date=11 November 2023 |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref>

==Positions==
Pahwa serves as the President of the All India Cycle Manufacturers’ Association (AICMA), a representative body for the Indian bicycle industry.<ref name="aicma">{{cite web |title=President's Message |url=https://aicma.org/president/ |website=AICMA |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref>

==Recognition==
Onkar Singh Pahwa was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 2025 by the Government of India for his contributions to trade and industry.<ref name="pib" /> He dedicated the honour to his parents and acknowledged the support of his team at Avon Cycles.<ref name="ani">{{cite news |title=Avon Cycles maker Onkar Singh Pahwa dedicates his Padma Shri award to parents |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/avon-cycles-maker-onkar-singh-pahwa-dedicates-his-padma-shri-award-to-parents20250126204744/ |agency=ANI |date=26 January 2025 |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="jagran">{{cite news |title=Industrialist Onkar Singh Pahwa received Padma Shri award: Know about him |url=https://www.jagran.com/punjab/chandigarh-bhai-harjinder-singh-srinagar-bale-and-industrialist-onkar-singh-pahwa-received-padma-shri-award-know-about-him-23873034.html |work=Dainik Jagran |date=26 January 2025 |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="bhaskar">{{cite news |title=Onkar Singh Pahwa honored with Padma Shri award |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/punjab/ludhiana/news/omkar-singh-pahwa-honored-for-being-selected-for-padma-shri-134369427.html |work=Dainik Bhaskar |date=26 January 2025 |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Trade & Industry}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian industrialists]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in trade and industry]]
[[Category:People from Ludhiana]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Leisure Valley, Chandigarh

2026-03-15T02:14:00Z

JoannaCostantino: Made first stub nd citations!

{{short description|Botanical garden in Chandigarh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox park
|name = Leisure Valley
|photo = Leisure valley, Chandigarh.jpg
|photo size =
|alt =
|photo_caption = One of the several trails at Leisure Valley
|type = [[Urban park]]
|location =
|area = 400 acres
| mapframe-custom =
| map_width =
| map_caption = Interactive map showing Leisure Valley
| coords = {{Coord|30|45|11|N|76|47|31|E|display=inline,title}}
|plants =
|species =
|collections =
|opened = {{Start date|1966}}
|owner =
|operator =
|budget =
|visitors =
|founder =
|status =
|website = {{URL|https://chandigarh.gov.in/green-chandigarh/leisure-valley}}
}}

'''Leisure Valley''' is an extensive linear park spanning over 8 kilometers, in [[Chandigarh]]. Originally an eroded valley, it was transformed by [[Le Corbusier]] into a green corridor that traverses the city from Sector 1 in the north to Sector 53 in the south.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Leisure Valley|url = https://chandigarh.gov.in/green-chandigarh/leisure-valley |website = chandigarh.gov.in |accessdate = 19 August 2024|language = en-US}}</ref>

It consists of a series of themed gardens designed to offer both physical and mental rejuvenation to residents.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Residents learn about green treasure in morning walk at Leisure Valley|url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/residents-learn-about-green-treasure-in-morning-walk-at-leisure-valley/articleshow/62968164.cms |website = Times of India |date = 18 February 2018 |accessdate = 19 August 2024|language = en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Urban public parks]]
[[Category:Gardens in India]]
[[Category:Parks in Chandigarh]]
[[Category:Geography of Chandigarh]]

Eka tala

2026-03-14T04:47:45Z

JoannaCostantino: Expanded content with additional details

{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Carnatic}}
'''Eka tala''' is one of the ''sapta'' (seven) [[Tala (music)|talas]] (beats) bases in Indian [[Carnatic classical music]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-16 |title=Nadavidyalaya hosts ‘Nada Nritya Mukula’ |url=https://starofmysore.com/nadavidyalaya-hosts-nada-nritya-mukula/ |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=Star of Mysore |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nagarajan |first=Saraswathy |date=2023-04-01 |title=Vaikom Satyagraham |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/tm-krishna-song-by-perumal-murugan-to-commemorate-periyar-in-the-vaikom-satyagraha/article66687143.ece |access-date=2026-03-14 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-07 |title=Celestial Wedding of Lord Balaji Begins in Tirumala |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/andhra-pradesh/celestial-wedding-of-lord-balaji-begins-in-tirumala-1877400 |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>

Its cycle is of the form of a single ''laghu'', which consists in a first beat followed by a variable count. Traditionally, this base of beats can produce five meter patterns.

==Forms==
There are five forms (''jatis'') by varying the number of beats in the cycle. For example, ''chatusra eka taala'' will have four beats, with the related action being a single beat with the palm and then three beats with the movement of the outer three fingers in one cycle.

When the type of the ''laghu'' (number of beats) is not specified, ''eka tala'' is understood to be ''chaturasra eka'' (4 beats).Some [[Bharatiyar]] songs based on Eka taalam are "Villinai"( Tisra Ekam), Theeraatha Villaiyattu (Khanda Ekam).

===Symbols===
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="margin-left:1em;"
| ''Jaathi - Tala'' || Symbol || No. of ''aksharams'' (beats)
|-
| ''Tisra Eka'' || <nowiki>|</nowiki>3 || 3
|-
| ''Chatusra Eka'' || <nowiki>|</nowiki>4 || 4
|-
| ''Khanda Eka'' || <nowiki>|</nowiki>5 || 5
|-
| ''Misra Eka'' || <nowiki>|</nowiki>7 || 7
|-
| ''Sankeerna Eka'' || <nowiki>|</nowiki>9 || 9
|}

== See also ==

== References ==
<references />
{{Portal|India|Music}}

[[Category:Carnatic music terminology]]
[[Category:Carnatic talas]]

{{carnatic-music-stub}}

Thounaojam Basanta Kumar Singh

2026-03-07T14:48:59Z

JoannaCostantino:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}{{Infobox Indian politician|office=Member of the [[ Manipur Legislative Assembly]]}}
'''Thounaojam Basanta Kumar Singh''' (born 1963)<ref name=":0" /> is an Indian politician from [[Manipur]]. He is a four-time member of the [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]] from [[Nambol Assembly constituency]] in [[Bishnupur district]]. He won the [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]], representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He was formerly with the [[Indian Administrative Service]]. He is also served as the minister of education in the [[second N. Biren Singh ministry]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Thounaojam Basanta Kumar Singh (Bharatiya Janata Party - BJP):Constituency- Inner Manipour (Manipur) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/LokSabha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=338 |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Thounaojam Basanta Kumar Singh, Bharatiya Janata Party Representative for Inner Manipur, Manipur - Candidate Overview {{!}} 2024 Lok Sabha Elections |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections/manipur/inner-manipur/candidateshow/thounaojam-basanta-kumar-singh-3579 |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Singh is from Nambol, Bishnupur district, Manipur. He is the son of [[Thounaojam Chaoba Singh]], a five-time MLA from Nambol and a union sports minister of state in the [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] government.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-09 |title=BJP names Basanta Kumar in Inner Manipur seat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/bjp-names-basanta-kumar-in-inner-manipur-seat/articleshow/108803549.cms |access-date=2024-11-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> His wife, Romabai Lairenjam is an MD, who worked at Delhi's [[RML Hospital]] before joining local politics.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=5 Points About Thounaojam Basanta Kumar Singh, BJP's Inner Manipur Candidate |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-2024-5-points-about-thounaojam-basanta-kumar-singh-bjps-inner-manipur-candidate-5344265 |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> He completed his M.A. in 1987 at [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephens College]], which is affiliated with [[Delhi University]].<ref name=":0" /> Later, he did LLB in 2002 at [[Manipur University]].<ref name=":1" />

== Career ==
Singh won from Nambol Assembly constituency representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election. He polled 16,885 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Nameirakpam Loken Singh of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 3,060 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-10 |title=Nambol, Manipur Assembly Election Results 2022 LIVE Updates: BJP's Thounaojam Basanta Kumar Singh wins Nambol with 16885 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/nambol-manipur-assembly-election-results-2022-live-updates-1923456-2022-03-09 |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

=== Lok Sabha polls ===
In the [[2024 Indian general election in Manipur]], he contested on Bharatiya Janata Party ticket from the [[Inner Manipur Lok Sabha constituency]] and lost to [[Angomcha Bimol Akoijam]] of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 109,801 votes.<ref>{{Cite news | date=2024-03-26 |title=BJP fields State Minister from Inner Manipur Lok Sabha seat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/bjp-fields-state-minister-from-inner-manipur-lok-sabha-seat/article67994150.ece |access-date=2024-11-05 |newspaper=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | date=2024-05-31 |title=Manipur Election Results 2024 highlights: Congress leads by over 3 lakh votes in Outer Manipur |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/manipur-election-results-2024-live/article68214593.ece |access-date=2024-11-05 |newspaper=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Congress Wins Both Lok Sabha Seats In Violence-Hit Manipur |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lok-sabha-election-2024-results-live-congress-wins-both-lok-sabha-seats-in-violence-hit-manipur-5818382 |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Thounaojam Basanta Kumar}}

[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Manipur]]
[[Category:Manipur MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Bishnupur district]]

Pyaar Diwana Hota Hai

2026-03-03T11:49:58Z

JoannaCostantino: update article to improve readability and improved wording

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pyaar Diwana Hota Hai
| image = Pyaar_Diwana_Hota_Hai.jpg
| caption = DVD Cover
| writer = [[Sasi (director)|Sasi]]
| starring = [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] [[Rani Mukerji]]
| director = [[Kirti Kumar]]
| producer = [[R. B. Choudary]]
| based_on = ''[[Sollamale]]'' by [[Sasi (director)|Sasi]]
| released = {{Film date|2002|04|26|df=y}}
| runtime = 161 mins
| language = Hindi
| music = [[Uttam Singh]]
| country = India
| budget = 
}}

'''''Pyaar Diwana Hota Hai''''' ({{Translation|Love Is Crazy}}) is a 2002 Indian [[Hindi]]-language romantic comedy film directed by Kirti Kumar, starring [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] and [[Rani Mukerji]]. It is a remake of the Tamil film ''[[Sollamale]]'' (1998).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://planetbollywood.com/displayReview.php?id=041706012753 | title=Pyaar Deewana Hota Hai - movie review by Rakesh Budhu - Planet Bollywood }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/apr/26pyaar.htm|title=rediff.com, Movies: The film review of Pyaar Diwana Hota Hai|website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Sunder comes from his village to the big city. He is naive, easily influenced, and illiterate. His attempts to influence girls are mocked, and he is ignored and made fun of by his roommates.

One day, he befriends an [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|NRI]], Payal Khurana, who thinks he is disabled and dumb. She feels sorry for him and decides to assist him in getting his voice back. She takes him to Dr. S. Puri, who is unable to find a solution. Sunder is thrilled at the attention he is getting from Payal and decides to continue to pull wool over her eyes, for he knows that she does not love him; she only feels sorry for his handicap and will soon be returning overseas. Little does he know that Payal is beginning to fall in love with him and arranging for him to meet her aunt, Mrs. Chaudhary, and her mom and dad.

In the end, to keep true to his word, Sunder cuts off his tongue.

== Cast ==
* [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] ... Sunder
* [[Rani Mukerji]] ... Payal Khurana
* [[Apurva Agnihotri]] ... Vikram
* [[Deepak Tijori]] ... Riaz
* [[Laxmikant Berde]]
* [[Om Puri]] ... Dr.S.Puri
* [[Smita Jaykar]] ... Mrs. Khurana
*[[Navin Nischol]]... Mr. Khurana
* [[Johnny Lever]] ... Paresh Chaval (Painter)
* [[Farida Jalal]] ... Mrs. Chaudhary
* [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]] ... (Special appearance)
*Vikas Sharma

==Soundtrack==
Music by [[Uttam Singh]]. The song "Pyaar Diwana Hota Hai" was based on "Adi Sugama" from ''[[Priyamaina Neeku|Kadhal Sugamanathu]]'' also produced by R. B. Choudary.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1
| "Pyaar Diwana Hota Hai"
| [[Udit Narayan]], [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|-
| 2
| "Deewane Dil"
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], Preeti Uttam
|-
| 3
| "Pyaar Achha Hota Hai"
| [[Jaspinder Narula]]
|-
| 4
| "Teri Aankhen Bolti"
| [[Vinod Rathod]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
|-
| 5
| "Yeh Kya Jadoo"
| Udit Narayan
|-
| 6
| "Dil Tera Mera Dil"
| [[Sonu Nigam]], Alka Yagnik
|-
| 7
| "Pyaar Diwana Hota Hai"
| Instrumental
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0274019|title= Pyaar Diwana Hota Hai}}

[[Category:2002 films]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:2002 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Super Good Films films]]

{{2000s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Punpun railway station

2026-02-22T20:10:22Z

JoannaCostantino: minor update

{{short description|Railway station in Bihar}}
{{Infobox station
| name = PUNPUN
| type = [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|150px]]
| image_size =
| image_caption = Indian Railways logo
| address = Masudi Road, Manora, [[Punpun]], [[Patna district]], [[Bihar]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|25.48823|N|85.098768|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| line =
| other =
| elevation = {{convert|58|m|ft}}
| structure = Standard (on ground station)
| platform = 2
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks = 2
| parking =
| bicycle =
| opened = 1900
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = PPN
| zone = [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Danapur}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]]
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_type = India Bihar#India
| map_dot_label = '''Punpun'''
| map_caption = Location in [[Bihar]]##Location in India
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map
| mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail}}
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=East Central Railway zone|left=Jatdumri Halt|right=Punpun Ghat Halt|type=[[Patna–Gaya line]]}}}}

'''Punpun railway station''' is a railway station on the [[Patna–Gaya line]] under [[Danapur railway division]] of the [[East Central Railway zone]]. The station is situated beside Masudi Road at Manora, [[Punpun]] in [[Patna district]] in the Indian state of [[Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Punpun Railway Station News – Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/news/news-punpun-ppn/2273|access-date=2020-11-03|website=India Rail Info}}</ref>

==History==
[[Gaya Junction railway station|Gaya]] was connected to [[Patna Junction railway station|Patna]] in 1900 by [[East Indian Railway Company]] by Patna–Gaya line.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html|title = IR History:Early days II (1870–1899)| publisher= | accessdate = 2 November 2020}}</ref> The Gaya to Jahanabad was electrified in 2002–2003.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html |title = History of Electrification | publisher= IRFCA| accessdate = 3 November 2020}}</ref> Electrification of the Patna–Gaya line was completed in 2003.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.processregister.com/Patna-Gaya_Rail_Electrification/Project/pid3375.htm |title =Patna–Gaya rail electrification project| publisher=Process Register | accessdate = 3 November 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1900]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Patna district]]
[[Category:Danapur railway division]]

{{Bihar-railstation-stub}}

Jonathan Duncan (Governor of Bombay)

2026-02-20T05:04:17Z

JoannaCostantino: corrected citations after review

#REDIRECT [[Jonathan Duncan (governor of Bombay)]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Madhavan Chandradathan

2026-02-08T12:01:04Z

JoannaCostantino: minor improved citations per sources and improved wording after review

{{Short description|Indian space scientist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = M. C. Dathan
| image = Madhavan Chandradathan.jpg
| caption = Chandradathan in 2015
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Varkala]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Space scientist
| known_for = [[Indian Space Program]] [[Chandrayaan-1|Chandrayaan]] [[Mars Orbiter Mission]]
| yearsactive =
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| residence =
| work_institution = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre|VSSC]] [[Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre|LPSC]] [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|SDSC]] [[Government of Kerala]]
| alma_mater = [[Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra|Birla Institute of Technology]] [[Government Engineering College, Thrissur|Govt. Engg. College, Thrissur]] [[Sree Narayana College, Varkala|SN College, Varkala]]
| children =
| influences =
| influenced =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2014)
}}

'''M. C. Dathan''' is an Indian space scientist and former director of the [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]] (VSSC).<ref name="Kaumudi" /><ref name="Kerala9" /><ref name="News Hunt" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/k-sivan-to-take-over-as-vssc-director/article7262484.ece|title=MC Dathan retiring as VSSC director|website=[[The Hindu]] |date=29 May 2015 |access-date=2016-09-30}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] honoured him, in 2014, by awarding him the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award, for his contributions to the fields of science and technology.<ref name="Padma 2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=102735 |title=Padma 2014 |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |date=25 January 2014 |access-date=28 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222101141/http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=102735 |archive-date=22 February 2014 }}</ref> In May 2016, the [[Government of Kerala]] appointed MC Dathan as the scientific advisor to chief minister.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/VSSC-former-director-MC-Dathan-to-take-charge-as-scientific-advisor-to-Kerala-CM/articleshow/52590650.cms|title=VSSC former director MC Dathan to take charge as scientific advisor to Kerala CM | date=4 June 2016 | newspaper=Times of India|first=Laxmi|last=Prasanna|access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="keralacm.gov.in">{{Cite web|url=http://www.keralacm.gov.in/advisors-chief-minister-kerala-pinarayi-vijayan/| title=Advisors to chief minister Pinarayi Vijayan|access-date=2016-09-30}}</ref>

==Biography==
Madhavan Chandradathan was born to Madhavan and Vasumathy, in [[Varkala]].<ref name="Kaumudi">{{cite web | url=http://www.kaumudiglobal.com/innerpage1.php?newsid=51021 | title=Kaumudi | publisher=Kaumudi | date=5 June 2014 | access-date=28 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="Kerala9">{{cite web | url=http://www.kerala9.com/news-category/news/kerala-news/m-chandradathan-new-vssc-director | title=Kerala9 | publisher=Kerala9 | date=6 July 2014 | access-date=28 October 2014 | archive-date=28 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028184857/http://www.kerala9.com/news-category/news/kerala-news/m-chandradathan-new-vssc-director | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="News Hunt">{{cite web | url=http://m.newshunt.com/india/english-newspapers/kaumudiglobal/kerala/chandradathan-new-vssc-director_29762668/c-in-l-english-n-kglobal-ncat-Kerala | title=News Hunt | publisher=News Hunt | date=5 June 2014 | access-date=28 October 2014}}</ref> He graduated in chemical engineering<ref name="Telegraph India" /> from the [[Government Engineering College, Thrissur]] in 1971 and secured a master's degree (MTech) from the [[Birla Institute of Technology]] in 1985.<ref name="ISRO profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.isro.org/pressrelease/scripts/pressreleasein.aspx?Jan01_2013 | title=ISRO profile | publisher=[[Indian Space Research Organisation]] | date=2014 | access-date=28 October 2014 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Chandradathan started his career in 1972, by joining the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) where he worked for the [[SLV-3]] project, the development of solid propellant formulations. He also contributed to the realisation of solid motors for [[SLV-3]], [[ASLV]] and [[PSLV]] projects.<ref name="ISRO profile" /> Later, Chandradathan took up the assignment of developing rocket nozzles primarily for solid motors. He became the head of the ablative nozzle production unit in 2000, where he remained till 2004. During this period, his team developed the flex nozzle for the S200 motor and the S200 booster for the [[GSLV]] Mk-III project.<ref name="ISRO profile" />

He was promoted to Chief Executive of the [[Solid propellants|Solid Propellant]] Plant (SPROB) for the PSLV and GSLV boosters. In this position, Chandradrathan oversaw the establishment of a new Solid Propellant Plant (SPP), which was commissioned in 2008.<ref name="SPP">{{cite web | url=http://www.isro.org/newsletters/scripts/newslettersin.aspx?Page4jan2009jun2009 | title=SPP | publisher=ISRO | date=2014 | access-date=28 October 2014}}</ref>

Chandradathan became the Director of the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Satish Dhawan Space Centre, SHAR]] (SDSC), in 2008.<ref name="ISRO profile" /><ref name="India Today">{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/modern-space-complex-to-come-up-in-keralas-ponmudi-hills-59807-2009-11-01 | title=India Today | publisher=India Today | date=2 November 2009 | access-date=28 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="SHAR">{{cite web | url=http://www.airspacemag.com/space/india-aims-for-the-moon-85887310/?page=1&no-ist | title=SHAR | publisher=Airspace magazine | date=20 October 2008 | access-date=28 October 2014}}</ref> During his tenure as the Director, Chandradathan is reported to have contributed to the improvement of production levels of solid boosters. He is also credited with two ground tests for S200 segments of the GSLV Mk-III, expansion of the facilities, and the development of a new Mission Control Centre and Launch Control Centre.<ref name="ISRO profile" />

In January 2013, he became the Director of the [[Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre]] (LPSC),<ref name="LPSC">{{cite web | url=http://www.lpsc.gov.in/ | title=LPSC | publisher=LPSC | date=2014 | access-date=28 October 2014}}</ref> which controlled the Thiruvananthapuram, Mahendragiri and Bangalore campuses of the ISRO.<ref name="Kaumudi" /><ref name="Kerala9" /><ref name="News Hunt" /><ref name="ISRO profile" /> In June 2014, he was made the Director of the [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]] (VSSC).<ref name="Kaumudi" /><ref name="Kerala9" /><ref name="News Hunt" />

He was also the head of the launch authorisation board of [[Chandrayaan-1]] project.<ref name="Telegraph India">{{cite web | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081023/jsp/nation/story_10008285.jsp | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081027052627/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081023/jsp/nation/story_10008285.jsp | url-status=dead | archive-date=27 October 2008 | title=Telegraph India | publisher=Telegraph India | date=23 October 2008 | access-date=28 October 2014}}</ref>

In May 2016, the [[Government of Kerala]] appointed MC Dathan as the scientific advisor to chief minister [[Pinarayi Vijayan]].<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/><ref name="keralacm.gov.in"/>

== Honours ==
Chandradrathan is a recipient of many honours and awards, including ''Performance Excellence Award'' (2009) from [[ISRO]], ''Outstanding Chemical Engineer Award'' (2009) from the [[Institution of Engineers (India)]] (IEI) and ''Individual Service Award'' (2006) from ISRO.<ref name="ISRO profile" />

In 2014, the [[Government of India]] honoured him with the civilian award of [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="Padma 2014" />

Chandradathan has attended many seminars and conferences to give keynote addresses.<ref name="Lecture">{{cite web | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article23430.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094525/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article23430.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 March 2016 | title=Lecture | publisher=[[Indian Express]] | date=15 January 2009 | access-date=28 October 2014}}</ref> He has also published many articles in such journals of repute as the [[International Astronautical Federation]].<ref name="Article">{{cite web | url=http://www.iafastro.net/iac/archive/browse/IAC-12/D2/2/16121/ | title=Article | publisher=IAFastro | date=2014 | access-date=28 October 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
* [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]
* [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]]
{{portal|India}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9ZBaltwOp8 | title=Congratulation to all ISRO team: M Chandradathan | publisher=YouTube video | date=5 November 2013 | access-date=28 October 2014}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite web | url=http://www.iafastro.net/iac/archive/tree/IAC-12/D2/2/IAC-12,D2,2,13.p1,x16121.brief.pdf | title=Investigations of Thrust Oscillations in Large Segmented Solid Rocket Motors During Ground Tests | publisher=International Astronautical Federation | date=2014 | access-date=28 October 2014}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=S. Ramakrishnan}}
{{s-ttl|title=Director, [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]]|years=2014 - 2015}}
{{s-aft|after=[[K. Sivan]]}}
{{end}}

{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}
{{2000s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandradathan, Madhavan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:ISRO people]]
[[Category:Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani alumni]]
[[Category:Indian aerospace engineers]]
[[Category:Engineers from Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Varkala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Kamaluddin Ahmed (politician)

2026-02-07T23:21:04Z

JoannaCostantino: done - done

{{short description|Indian politician (1930–2018)}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kamaluddin Ahmed
| module = {{Infobox officeholder
| embed = yes
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Hanamkonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hanamkonda]]
| term_start = 1989
| term_end = 1998
| office2 = Ambassador of India to Saudi Arabia
| term_start2 = July 2003
| term_end2 = September 2004
| predecessor2 = [[Talmiz Ahmad]]
| successor2 = [[M. O. H. Farook]]
}}
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1930|08|15}}
| birth_place = [[Warangal]], [[Hyderabad State]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2018|09|01|1930|08|15}}
| death_place = [[Hyderabad]], Telangana, India
| other_names =
| occupation =
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| alma_mater = [[Osmania University]]
}}
'''Kamaluddin Ahmed''' (15 August 1930 – 1 September 2018) was an Indian politician. He was a leader of the [[Indian National Congress]] political party till 2000, when he left the party and joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He was the union minister of state, civil supplies and public distribution and Minister of State, Commerce in [[Government of India]] from June 1991 to September 1994.

Born in [[Warangal]] in 1930, Ahmed studied at [[Osmania University]]. He was first elected to [[Lok Sabha]] in 1980 from [[Warangal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Warangal constituency]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]] state. He was re-elected to the 9th, 10th and 11th Lok Sabha from [[Hanamkonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hanamkonda]] in Andhra Pradesh. He died on 1 September 2018 due to natural causes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.siasat.com/news/mohammed-kamaluddin-ahmed-ex-minister-ex-ambassador-passes-away-1401035/|title=Mohammed Kamaluddin Ahmed, ex-minister & ex-ambassador, passes away|last=Hashmi|first=Rasia|date=2018-09-02|website=The Siasat Daily|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/20000209/ina09054.html Ex-minister Kamaluddin joins BJP]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmed, Kamaluddin}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Hanamkonda district]]

{{Telangana-INC-politician-stub}}
{{Telangana-BJP-politician-stub}}

Fertiliser Corporation of India

2026-01-29T19:39:17Z

JoannaCostantino: Put up a stub w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian government-owned corporation}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Fertiliser Corporation of India Limited
| logo =
| caption =
| type = [[Public Sector Undertakings in India|Central Public Sector Undertaking]]
| traded_as =
| genre = 
| fate =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = {{Start date|1961}}
| founder =
| defunct = 
| location_city = [[Noida]]
| location_country = [[India]]
| location =
| locations =
| area_served =
| key_people =
| industry =
| products = [[Fertilisers]]
| services =
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| aum = 
| assets =
| equity =
| owner = [[Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers]], [[Government of India]]
| num_employees =
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid = [[Hindustan Fertiliser Corporation]]
| footnotes =
| intl =
}}
'''Fertiliser Corporation of India Limited''' (FCIL) is a [[Public sector undertakings in India|public sector undertaking in India]] under the [[ownership]] of the [[Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers]], [[Government of India]].<ref name="Laxmikanth">{{cite book|last=Laxmikanth|title=Public Administration|year=2019 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_K7t-Nc4iykC&pg=PA447|access-date=18 May 2013|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=9781259063190|pages=447–}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Fertilizer Corporation Of India Ltd. : Profile |url=https://fertcorpindia.nic.in/Profile.html |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=fertcorpindia.nic.in |archive-date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513035631/https://fertcorpindia.nic.in/Profile.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Formation of FCIL ==
The first state-owned fertiliser unit was setup in 1951 at [[Sindri (Dhanbad)|Sindri]] followed by units in [[Nangal]] and [[Trombay]]. FCIL was then incorporated in 1961 by the [[Government of India]] consolidating several public sector fertiliser units into a single undertaking.<ref name="GuptaGupta2006">{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Kulwant Rai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D7l6meDg1ksC&pg=PA488 |title=Concise Encyclopaedia of India |last2=Gupta |first2=Amita |date=1 January 2006 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=9788126906383 |pages=488– |access-date=18 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="DayalZachariah1996">{{cite book |last1=Dayal |first1=Raghubir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ZFO8XMJuwgC&pg=PA281 |title=Management information and electronic support system |last2=Zachariah |first2=Peter |last3=Rajpal |first3=Kireet |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=1996 |isbn=9788170996521 |pages=281– |access-date=18 May 2013}}</ref>

== Reorganization ==
In 1978, FCIL was reorganized and following new entities were formed – [[Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation]] (HFCL), [[Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers|Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilisers]] (RCF) and [[Projects and Development India Limited]] (PDIL).

As part of reorganization, [[Nangal]] plant was transferred to [[National Fertilizers|NFL]], [[Trombay]] plant was transferred to [[Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers|RCF]] while [[Namrup]], [[Haldia]], [[Barauni]] and [[Durgapur]] plants was transferred to [[Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation|HFCL]]. [[Namrup]] plant was later transferred to Brahmaputra Valley Fertiliser Corporation Limited (BVFCL). Production units in [[Gorakhpur]], [[Sindri (Dhanbad)|Sindri]], [[Talcher]] and [[Ramagundam]] along with the proposed unit at [[Korba, Chhattisgarh|Korba]] were retained with FCIL.

== Closure of Production Units ==
In November 1992, FCIL along with HFCL was referred to [[Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction|BIFR]] and was declared sick under [[The Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985 |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/438563/}}</ref> The production units of FCIL were completely shutdown in between 1990 and 2002 by the [[Government of India]] as they were incurring heavy losses. Jodhpur Mining Organization which was also a part of FCIL was hived-off into [[FCI Aravali Gypsum and Minerals (India) Limited|FAGMIL]].<ref name="GuptaGupta2006" /> The main reasons for the loss incurred by FCIL were higher incidence of interest, higher input costs especially the power tariffs by the respective state electricity boards and the associated raw materials, and higher consumption which was not reimbursed by the FCIL. The main products of FCIL were [[ammonia]], [[urea]], [[nitric acid]], [[ammonium bicarbonate]], [[gypsum]], and [[ammonium nitrate]] in varied forms such as [[prill]], flake, and melt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fertilizer Corporation of India Limited, Products, Manufacturing Units |url=http://business.mapsofindia.com/national-fertilizers/public/corporation-india.html#sthash.Zvcc7IS7.dpuf |access-date=7 February 2017 |website=business.mapsofindia.com}}</ref>

== Revival of Production Units ==
In the year 2007, due to shortage of domestic production of Urea leading to higher imports and import costs from other countries, the [[Government of India]] decided to revive all the production units of FCIL and HCF to meet the overall domestic demand of Urea. The closed units had huge infrastructure facilities like sizable land bank, residential quarters, office buildings, railway siding, tied up sources of electricity and water which also led to the decision of revival. Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) gave [[Agreement in principle|in principle approval]] to examine the feasibility of reviving units of FCIL and HFCL subject to confirmed availability of gas.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news |date=11 May 2013 |title=Fertilizer unit clears hurdle on revival road |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/Fertilizer-unit-clears-hurdle-on-revival-road/articleshow/19995140.cms |url-status=live |access-date=18 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202155907/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-11/ranchi/39185733_1_closed-fertilizer-units-revival-proposal-fcil |archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref>

In October 2008, CCEA accorded approval to revive FCIL and HFCL units subject to [[Nonrecourse debt|non-recourse]] to government funding and to consider [[write-off]] of government loan & interest to the extent required subject to submission of fully tied up proposal for final decision on waiver.

In November 2008, Empowered Committee of Secretaries (ECOS) was constituted to evaluate all options of revival of closed units and to decide upon the action to be pursued for seeking investments towards revival of each of the unit & recommend to the Government for approval. The ECOS after detailed deliberations recommended that the revival of these closed units would be through ‘nomination route’ by Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) and through ‘bidding route’ by private sector.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The Fertilizer Corporation of India Limited (FCIL) {{!}} Department of Fertilizers |url=https://www.fert.nic.in/psu/fertilizer-corporation-india-limited-fcil |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=www.fert.nic.in}}</ref>

In August 2011, [[Government of India]] decided [[List of Latin phrases (I)|inter alia]] awarding individual units to selected parties on a concession basis based on the revival model recommended by ECOS. Talcher and Ramagundam unites were to be revived by PSUs through ‘nomination route' while Sindri, Gorakhpur and Korba Units through ‘bidding route’.<ref name=":0" />

In May 2013, CCEA approved the proposal regarding revival of five closed units of FCIL which included approval of Rs.10,644 crore loan and interest wavier and inter corporate loan of Rs.171 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revival of closed units of Fertilizer Corporation of India Limited |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=95888 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=archive.pib.gov.in}}</ref>

In June 2013, the Company was deregistered from [[Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction|BIFR]], after its net worth became positive in the financial year 2012-13.<ref name=":0" />

Following companies have been registered during the revival of the closed fertiliser units of both FCIL and HFCL in which FCIL is a stakeholder in lieu of land and infrastructure usage:<ref name=":1" />

# [https://tflonline.co.in '''Talcher Fertilisers Limited (TFL)'''] - [[Joint venture]] promoted by [[GAIL]] (31.85%), [[Coal India|CIL]] (31.85%), [[Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers|RCF]] (31.85%) and FCIL (4.45%) was formed to revive FCIL’s Talcher fertiliser unit in the [[Angul district]] of Odisha. The company plans to produce approximately 1.26 Million Metric Tonnes per Annum of urea using coal as feedstock. In January 2023, [[Mansukh Mandaviya]], [[Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers|Minister of Chemicals and Fertilisers]], said that the plant would be operational By October 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-08 |title=Odisha: Talcher Fertilizer Plant to be Operational By October 2024, Says Union Min Mansukh Mandaviya |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/odisha-talcher-fertilizer-plant-to-be-operational-by-october-2024-says-union-min-mansukh-mandaviya-6784777.html |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
# [https://www.rfcl.co.in '''Ramagundam Fertilisers and Chemicals Limited (RFCL)'''] - [[Joint venture]] of [[National Fertilizers|NFL]] (26%), [[Engineers India|EIL]] (26%), [[GAIL]] (14.3%), HTAS Consortium (11.7%), [[Government of Telangana]] (11%) and FCIL (11%) was incorporated in February 2015 to set up natural gas-based ammonia urea complex in [[Ramagundam|Ramagundam, Telangana]]. The unit began commercial operations in March 2021 while the inauguration ceremony was held in November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-12 |title=PM Narendra Modi dedicates fertilizer plant in Telangana to nation |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/pm-narendra-modi-dedicates-fertilizer-plant-in-telangana-to-nation-122111201015_1.html |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
# [https://hurl.net.in '''Hindustan Urvarak and Rasayan Limited (HURL)'''] - [[Joint venture]] of [[Coal India|CIL]] (29.67%), [[NTPC Limited|NTPC]] (29.67%), [[Indian Oil Corporation|IOCL]] (29.67%), [[Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation|HFCL]] and FCIL (11%) was incorporated in June 2016 for setting up gas based Ammonia urea plant of 12.7 Lakh Metric Tonne Per Annum capacity each at [[Gorakhpur]], [[Sindri (Dhanbad)|Sindri]] and [[Barauni]]. Gorakhpur plant was commissioned in December 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |title=PM to visit Gorakhpur on 7th December and dedicate to the nation development projects worth over Rs 9600 crore |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1777839 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=www.pib.gov.in}}</ref> Barauni plant started urea production in October 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barauni Plant of HURL commences Urea production |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1869233 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=www.pib.gov.in}}</ref> while Sindri plant in November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sindri unit of Hindustan Urvarak Rasayan Ltd starts commercial production |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/business/2022/11/09/ces1-jh-hurl-sindri-production.html |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref>

The revival of setting up of the fertiliser unit at [[Durgapur]], [[Haldia]] and [[Korba, Chhattisgarh|Korba]] is yet to be decided by [[Government of India]].<ref name=":1" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}{{Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (India)}}{{authority control}}

[[Category:Government-owned companies of India]]
[[Category:Fertiliser companies of India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1961]]
[[Category:Government-owned chemical companies of India]]

Emeric Hulme Beaman

2026-01-29T18:53:47Z

JoannaCostantino: new basic pg w/ refs.

{{short description|Writer (1864–1937)}}
'''Emeric Hulme Beaman''' was born in 1864 in [[Kadapa|Cudapah]], India. He was journalist, mainly as music critic.
Together with William Senior Ellis, he wrote four mystery novels under the pseudonym "Ben Strong." He died in 1937.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/hulme-beaman_emeric |title=SFE The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. Hulme Beaman, Emeric|accessdate= 2023-01-15}}</ref><ref>Bassett, Troy J. ''Author: Emeric Hulme Beaman.'' {{cite web |url=http://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=3547 |title=At the Circulating Library: A Database of Victorian Fiction, 1837—1901|accessdate= 2023-01-15}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* ''Ozmar the Mystic: A Novel''. 1 vol. London: Bliss, Sands, and Foster, 1896.
* ''The Prince's Diamond: The Adventures of George Travers, Esq., Gentleman''. 1 vol. London: Hutchinson, 1898. (sequence of ''Ozmar the Mystic'').
* ''The Faith that Kills''. 1 vol. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1899.
* ''The Experiment of Doctor Nevill: A Novel''. 1 vol. London: John Long, 1900.
===Short stories===
* ''The Basilisk of the Grange'' {{cite web | url= https://archive.org/details/philmaysillust1900maypuoft |title=PHIL MAY'S ILLUSTRATED ANNUAL, Winter 1900 - 1901|accessdate= 2023-01-15}}
* ''The Sob of the Lay-Figure'' {{cite web | url= https://archive.org/details/philmaysillust1901maypuoft |title=PHIL MAY'S ILLUSTRATED ANNUAL, Winter 1901 - 1902|accessdate= 2023-01-15}}
* ''Adventures of Archibald P. Batts'' [[The English Illustrated Magazine]], Volume XXIII (23), April - September 1900 (Five adventure/crime stories) and [[The English Illustrated Magazine]], Volume XXIV (24), October 1900 - March 1901 (Final crime/adventure story in sequence).
==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Beaman, Emeric Hulme}}
[[Category:1864 births]]
[[Category:1937 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:Indian music critics]]
[[Category:Novelists from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]
[[Category:Journalists from British India]]
[[Category:Beaman family]]

Archery Premier League

2026-01-28T09:46:51Z

JoannaCostantino: started initial details first draft

{{Short description|Indian archery league}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox sports league
| name = Archery Premier League
| image = Archery Premier League.png
| title = Archery Premier League
| current_season = 2025 Archery Premier League
| last_season =
| country = {{IND}}
| administrator = [[Archery Association of India]]
| headquarters =
| sport = [[Archery]][[File:Archery pictogram.svg|30px]]
| founded = {{start date and age|2025}}
| tournament_format = [[Round-robin tournament|Double round-robin]] [[Single-elimination tournament|Knock-out]]
| inaugural = [[2025 Archery Premier League|2025]]
| folded =
| teams = [[#Teams|6]]
| champion = [[Rajputana Royals]]
| champ_season = [[2025 Archery Premier League|2025]]
| most_champs =
| tv = [[SonyLIV]]
| website =
}}

'''Archery Premier League''', abbreviated as '''APL''', is a professional [[archery]] league based in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archery Association announces Indian participants for inaugural season of Archery Premier League |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/archery-association-announces-indian-participants-for-inaugural-season-of-archery-premier-league/ |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> Organized by [[Archery Association of India]], the governing body for the sport, it is the first franchise-based archery league in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-18 |title=Archery Premier League: A new franchise league in India looking to revolutionise ancient sport |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/archery-premier-league-india-format-players-explained-13925805.html |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> The first edition of the league was launched in 2025 in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-18 |title=Deepika Kumari, Dhiraj, Abhishek Verma among top Indians named for inaugural Archery Premier League |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/deepika-kumari-dhiraj-abhishek-verma-among-top-indians-named-for-inaugural-archery-premier-league/article69946593.ece |access-date=2025-09-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==History==
The first edition of Archery Premier League was held at the [[Yamuna Sports Complex]] in [[New Delhi]] from 2 to 12 October 2025. The league is backed by both [[World Archery]] and [[World Archery Asia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-18 |title=Top Indian archers to compete in inaugural Archery Premier League |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/archery/archery-premier-league-list-of-indian-participants-format-draft-system-deepika-kumari-atanu-das-dhiraj-bommadevara/article69946718.ece |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> [[Prithviraaj Yodhas]], [[Kakatiya Knights]], [[Rajputana Royals]], [[Chero Archers]], Mighty Marathas and Chola Chiefs were announced as the six teams.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ganesan |first=Uthra |date=2025-09-18 |title=Archery Premier League — Franchise leagues in India turn over another leaf; top Indian archers set for contest |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/archery/archery-premier-league-apl-2025-announced-teams-full-list-of-players-complete-details-indians-in-action/article70066777.ece |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> [[Ram Charan]] was revealed to be the official brand ambassador of the league.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-18 |title=Global Icon Ram Charan to Champion Inaugural Archery Premier League as Brand Ambassador |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/other-sports/global-icon-ram-charan-to-champion-inaugural-archery-premier-league-as-brand-ambassador-1904543 |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>

==Format==
Archery Premier League features 36 Indian archers and 12 top foreign archers who will be divided into six franchises. A draft system was followed instead of an auction for the inaugural edition of the league.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-27 |title=Inaugural Archery Premier League to begin on October 2 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/archery/archery-premier-league-to-begin-on-october-2-india-schedule-teams-format-news/article69982323.ece |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

Each franchise comprises eight members, four men and four women.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's elite archers to star in first-ever Archery Premier League |url=https://www.mid-day.com/sports/other-sports/article/deepika-jyothi-abhishek-among-big-names-for-inaugural-archery-premier-league-23589977 |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> Each team includes up to two foreign archers, with at least one of them required to be part of the playing four. The league has mixed team duels in recurve and compound. Round robin fixtures will see 3 matches per day, each lasting 20 minutes. The arrow shooting time has been reduced to 15 seconds from the internationally allotted 20 seconds.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-12 |title='To create Olympic warriors' – India's new Archery Premier League aims for bull's eye |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/archery-premier-league-india-olympic-warriors-10185183/ |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Teams==
{{location map+
|India3
|float=right
|alt= Locations of the APL teams
|caption= Locations of the Archery Premier League teams
|places=
{{location map~
|India
|lat= 23.610182
|long= 85.279938
|label= [[Chero Archers]]
|position=right}}
{{location map~
|India
|lat= 11.127123
|long= 78.656891
|label= Chola Chiefs
|position= right}}
{{location map~
|India
|lat= 18.112436
|long= 79.019302
|label= [[Kakatiya Knights]]
|position= right}}
{{location map~
|India
|lat= 18.9068356
|long= 75.6741579
|label= Mighty Marathas
|position= left}}
{{location map~
|India
|lat= 28.704060
|long= 77.102493
|label= [[Prithviraaj Yodhas]]
|position= right}}
{{location map~
|India
|lat= 27.023804
|long= 74.217934
|label= [[Rajputana Royals]]
|position= left}}
|width= 350}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Team
! State
! Coach
|-
! [[Chero Archers]]
| [[Jharkhand]]
| [[Purnima Mahato]]
|-
! Chola Chiefs
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| Sonam Tshering Bhutia
|-
! [[Kakatiya Knights]]
| [[Telangana]]
| [[Rahul Banerjee (archer)|Rahul Banerjee]]
|-
! Mighty Marathas
| [[Maharashtra]]
| Pravin Sawant
|-
! [[Prithviraaj Yodhas]]
| [[Delhi]]
| Lokesh Chand
|-
! [[Rajputana Royals]]
| [[Rajasthan]]
| Jiwanjot Singh Teja
|}

==Editions and results==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! Season
! Winner
! Score
! Runner up
! Venue
! Teams
! Player Of The Tournament
|-
| [[2025 Archery Premier League|2025]]
! [[Rajputana Royals]]
| 4–4 (2–0)
| [[Prithviraaj Yodhas]]
| [[Yamuna Sports Complex]]
| 6
| [[Dhiraj Bommadevara]]* (RM)
[[Ankita Bhakat]]* (RW)

[[Mike Schloesser]]* (CM)

[[Ella Gibson]]* (CW)
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Based on Average Arrow score after Matchday 12.

==Broadcasting==
* [[SonyLIV]]
* Archery+

==See also==
* [[Archery in India]]
* [[Sport in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.instagram.com/archerypremierleague/ Archery Premier League] on [[Instagram]]
* [https://x.com/ArcheryPL Archery Premier League] on [[Twitter]]

{{Sports leagues of India}}

[[Category:Professional sports leagues in India]]

{{Archery-competition-stub}}

Barasat Lok Sabha constituency

2026-01-27T20:12:25Z

JoannaCostantino: Put up initial data first draft

{{short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in West Bengal}}
{{other uses|Barasat (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|type = LS
|name = Barasat {{Small|WB-17}}
|map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/West Bengal/Barasat.map}}
|map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Barasat Lok Sabha Constituency
|established = 1952-present
|reservation = None
|mp = [[Kakoli Ghosh Dastidar]]
|party = {{Party index link|Trinamool Congress}}
|alliance = {{Party index link|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
|latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|state = [[West Bengal]]
|assembly_cons = [[Habra Assembly constituency|Habra]] [[Ashoknagar Assembly constituency|Ashoknagar]] [[Rajarhat New Town Assembly constituency|Rajarhat New Town]] [[Bidhannagar Assembly constituency|Bidhannagar]] [[Madhyamgram Assembly constituency|Madhyamgram]] [[Barasat Assembly constituency|Barasat]] [[Deganga Assembly constituency|Deganga]]
|electors = 1,512,792<ref name=turnout>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm |title=Parliamentary Constituency Wise Turnout for General Elections 2014 |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702210941/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm |archive-date=July 2, 2014 }}</ref>
}}

'''Barasat Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 543 [[Lok Sabha|parliamentary]] constituencies in [[India]]. The constituency centres on [[Barasat]] in [[West Bengal]]. All the seven assembly segments of No. 17 Barasat Lok Sabha constituency are in [[North 24 Parganas district]].

{{Pie chart|value1=35.29|value2=35.29|value3=23.53|value4=11.76|label1=[[All India Forward Bloc |All India Forward Bloc (6 times)]]|label2=[[Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress (6 times)]]|label3=[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (4 times)]]|label4=[[Communist Party Of India|Communist Party of India (2 times)]]|color1={{party color|All India Forward Bloc}}|color2={{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}|color3={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|color4={{party color|Communist Party of India}}|caption=Most Successful parties from Barasat Lok Sabha }}

==Assembly segments==
[[File:Westbengalen Wahlkreise Lok Sabha.svg|thumb|350 px|right|'''Parliamentary constituencies in West Bengal''' - 1. Cooch Behar, 2. Alipurduars, 3. Jalpaiguri, 4. Darjeeling, 5. Raiganj, 6. Balurghat, 7. Maldaha Uttar, 8. Maldaha Dakshin, 9. Jangipur, 10. Baharampur, 11. Murshidabad, 12. Krishnanagar, 13. Ranaghat, 14. Bangaon, 15. Barrackpore, 16. Dum Dum, 17. '''Barasat''', 18. Basirhat, 19. Jaynagar, 20. Mathurapur, 21. Diamond Harbour, 22. Jadavpur, 23. Kolkata Dakshin, 24. Kolkata Uttar, 25. Howrah, 26. Uluberia, 27. Serampore, 28. Hooghly, 29. Arambagh, 30. Tamluk, 31, Kanthi, 32. Ghatal, 33. Jhargram, 34. Medinipur, 35. Purulia, 36. Bankura, 37. Bishnupur, 38. Bardhaman Purba, 39. Bardhaman Durgapur, 40. Asansol, 41. Bolpur, 42. Birbhum]]

As per order of the [[Delimitation Commission]] in respect of the [[delimitation of constituencies]] in the West Bengal, parliamentary constituency no. 17 Barasat is composed of the following [[Vidhan Sabha|Assembly]] segments from 2009:<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 2009-05-27 | work = Table B – Extent of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher =Government of West Bengal}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! No
! Name
! District
! Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead
|-
|100
|[[Habra Assembly constituency|Habra]]
| rowspan="7" |[[North 24 Parganas District|North 24 Parganas]]
|[[Jyotipriya Mallick]]
|{{party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=7}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|101
|[[Ashoknagar Assembly constituency|Ashoknagar]]
|[[Narayan Goswami]]
|{{party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|115
|[[Rajarhat New Town Assembly constituency|Rajarhat New Town]]
|[[Tapash Chatterjee]]
|-
|116
|[[Bidhannagar Assembly constituency|Bidhannagar]]
|[[Sujit Bose (politician)|Sujit Bose]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|118
|[[Madhyamgram Assembly constituency|Madhyamgram]]
|[[Rathin Ghosh]]
|{{party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|119
|[[Barasat Assembly constituency|Barasat]]
|[[Chiranjeet Chakraborty]]
|-
|120
|[[Deganga Assembly constituency|Deganga]]
|[[Rahima Mondal]]
|}

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Lok Sabha!!Duration!!Constituency!!Name of M.P.!!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1st Lok Sabha|First]]||1952-57||Santipur||rowspan=3|[[Arun Chandra Guha]]||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<ref name=ls1952>{{cite web| url = http://www.loksabha.nic.in/Members/lokaralpha.aspx?lsno=1|title = Members Biographical Sketches - First Lok Sabha |work = West Bengal | publisher= Lok Sabha Secretariat | access-date = 27 Nov 2017}}</ref><ref name=loksabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1957- Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 25 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[2nd Lok Sabha|Second]]||1957-62||rowspan=17|Barasat
|-
|[[3rd Lok Sabha|Third]]||1962-67
|-
|[[4th Lok Sabha|Fourth]]||1967-71||rowspan=2|[[Ranen Sen|Dr. Ranenendra Nath Sen]]||{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}<ref name=loksabha1967>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf |title=General Elections, India, 1967 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission |access-date=25 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185108/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref><ref name=loksabha1971>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |title=General Elections, India, 1971 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission |access-date=25 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175452/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
|[[5th Lok Sabha|Fifth]] ||1971-77
|-
| [[6th Lok Sabha|Sixth]]||1977-80||rowspan=2|[[Chitta Basu (politician)|Chitta Basu]]||{{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc|rowspan=2}}<ref name=loksabha1977>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf |title=General Elections, 1977 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=25 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref><ref name=loksabha1980>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf |title=General Elections, 1980 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=25 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175926/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[7th Lok Sabha|Seventh]]||1980-84
|-
|[[8th Lok Sabha|Eighth]]||1984-89||[[Tarun Kanti Ghosh]]||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<ref name=loksabha1984>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf |title=General Elections, 1984 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=25 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718184911/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
|[[9th Lok Sabha|Ninth]]||1989-91||rowspan=3|[[Chitta Basu (politician)|Chitta Basu]]||{{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc|rowspan=3}}<ref name=loksabha1989>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf |title=General Elections, 1989 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=25 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref><ref name=loksabha1991>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf |title=General Elections, 1991 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=25 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183558/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref><ref name=loksabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf |title = General Elections, 1996 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 25 May 2014 }}</ref>
|-
|[[10th Lok Sabha|Tenth]]||1991-96
|-
|[[11th Lok Sabha|Eleventh]]||1996-98
|-
| [[12th Lok Sabha|Twelfth]]||1998-99||rowspan=2|Dr. [[Ranjit Kumar Panja]] ||{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}<ref name=loksabha1998>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |title=General Elections, 1998 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=25 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718181833/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |archive-date=July 18, 2014 }}</ref><ref name=loksabha1999>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |title=General Elections, 1999 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=25 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |archive-date=July 18, 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[13th Lok Sabha|Thirteenth]]||1999-04
|-
|[[14th Lok Sabha|Fourteenth]]||2004-09||[[Subrata Bose]]||{{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc}}<ref name=loksabha2004>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf |title = General Elections, 2004 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 25 May 2014 }}</ref>
|-
|[[15th Lok Sabha|Fifteenth]]||2009-14||rowspan=4|[[Kakali Ghosh Dastidar]]||{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=4}}<ref name=loksabha2009>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf |title = General Elections, 2009 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 25 May 2014 }}</ref><ref name=loksabha2014>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/33%20-%20Constituency%20wise%20detailed%20result.pdf |title = General Elections 2014 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 21 June 2016 }}</ref>
|-
| [[16th Lok Sabha|Sixteenth]]||2014-2019
|-
| [[17th Lok Sabha|Seventeenth]]||2019-2024
|-
|[[18th Lok Sabha|Eighteenth]]||2024-''Incumbent''
|}

==Election results==
===General election 2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: Barasat<ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Barasat">{{cite news |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Barasat |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2517.htm |access-date=11 July 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711184552/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2517.htm |archive-date=11 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="Barasat Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024">{{cite news |title=Barasat Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/west-bengal/barasat |access-date=11 July 2025 |issue=The Times of India |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711184546/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/west-bengal/barasat |archive-date=11 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Kakoli Ghosh Dastidar]]|party=All India Trinamool Congress|votes=692,010|percentage =45.15|change={{decrease}}1.32}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Swapan Majumder]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=577,823|percentage=37.70|change={{decrease}}0.87}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian Secular Front|candidate=Tapas Banerjee|votes=121,440|percentage=7.92|change={{increase}}7.92}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sanjib Chatterjee|party=All India Forward Bloc|votes=100,000|percentage=6.52|change={{decrease}}2.37}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=None of the above
|candidate=[[None of the above]]
|votes=17,892
|percentage=1.17
|change=
}}
{{Election box majority||votes=114,189|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,532,601|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Barasat]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Kakoli Ghosh Dastidar]]|party=All India Trinamool Congress|votes=648,444|percentage =46.47|change=+5.08}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dr. Mrinal Kanti Debnath|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=538,275|percentage=38.57|change=+15.2}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Haripada Biswas|party=All India Forward Bloc|votes=124,068|percentage=8.89|change=-18.86}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Subrata Dutta|party=Indian National Congress|votes=37,277|percentage=2.67|change=-0.53}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the above|party=None of the above|votes=17,769|percentage=1.27|change=}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 110,169
|percentage = 7.90
|change = -5.74
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,396,194
|percentage = 81.26
|change = -2.65
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Barasat]]<ref name=loksabha2014/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Kakoli Ghosh Dastidar]]
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|votes = 5,25,387
|percentage = 41.39
|change = -9.56
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Mortaza Hossain
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|votes = 3,52,246
|percentage = 27.75
|change = -11.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[P. C. Sorcar, Jr.]]
|votes = 2,96,608
|percentage = 23.37
|change = +17.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Riju Ghoshal
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 40,660
|percentage = 3.20
|change = +3.20
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = None of the Above
|party = None of the Above
|votes = 12,700
|percentage = 1.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Sukumar Bala
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 12,178
|percentage = 0.96
|change =
}}

{{Election box majority
|votes = 1,73,141
|percentage = 13.64
|change = +1.66
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 12,69,331
|percentage = 83.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing = -10.39
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Barasat]]<ref name=loksabha2009 />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Kakoli Ghosh Dastidar]]
|votes = 5,22,530
|percentage = 50.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = Sudin Chattopadhyay
|votes = 3,99,629
|percentage = 38.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Bratin Sengupta
|votes = 55,353
|percentage = 5.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Arun Kumar Biswas
|votes = 18,381
|percentage = 1.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Assam United Democratic Front
|candidate = Bhaskar Ghosh
|votes = 9,161
|percentage = 0.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
|candidate = Kumari Kamala Das
|votes = 7,527
|percentage = 0.73
|change =
}}

{{Election box majority
|votes = 1,22,901
|percentage = 11.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 10,25,329
|percentage = 83.60
|change =
}}{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = All India Forward Bloc
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{election table|title=[[2009 Indian general election]] West Bengal summary}}
|-
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;" width=225 |Party
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seats won
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seat change
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Vote percentage
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Trinamool Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 19
| style="text-align:center;" | {{increase}}18
| style="text-align:center;" | 31.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
| style="text-align:center;" | {{increase}}0
| style="text-align:center;" | 13.45
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| style="text-align:center;" | {{increase}}1
| style="text-align:center;" | NA
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| style="text-align:center;" | {{decrease}}17
| style="text-align:center;" | 33.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Communist Party of India]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| style="text-align:center;" | {{decrease}}1
| style="text-align:center;" | 3.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| style="text-align:center;" | {{decrease}}1
| style="text-align:center;" | 3.56
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[All India Forward Bloc|Forward bloc]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| style="text-align:center;" | {{decrease}}1
| style="text-align:center;" | 3.04
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| style="text-align:center;" | {{increase}}1
| style="text-align:center;" | 6.14
|-
|}

===General elections 1957-2004===
Most of the contests were multi-cornered. However, only winners and runners-up are mentioned below:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Voters
!Voter turnout
!Winner
|
|
!Runners up
|
|
|-
|
|
!%age
!Candidate
!%age
!Party
!Candidate
!%age
!Party
|-
|1957
|273525
|56.56
|Arun Chandra Guha
|51.10
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Bhowani Sankar Sen Gupta
|48.90
|[[Communist Party of India]]<ref name=loksabha1957/>
|-
|1962
|385,859
|59.64
|Arun Chandra Guha
|50.17
|Indian National Congress
|Bhowani Sankar Sen Gupta
|37.70
|Communist Party of India<ref name=loksabha1962>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962- Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 25 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1967
|365,429
|74.09
|Ranendra Nath Sen
|40.84
|Communist Party of India
|Arun Chandra Guha
|31.59
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1967/>
|-
|1971
|349,894
|64.10
|Ranendra Nath Sen
|33.29
|Communist Party of India
|Hemanta Gangopadhyay
|30.54
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<ref name=loksabha1971/>
|-
|1977
|372,420
|61.05
|[[Chitta Basu (politician)|Chitta Basu]]
|56.15
|[[All India Forward Bloc|Forward Bloc]]
|Ranen Sen
|24.23
|Communist Party of India<ref name=loksabha1977/>
|-
|1980
|571,760
|75.33
|Chitta Basu
|53.03
|Forward Bloc
|Harasit Ghosh
|36.30
|Indian National Congress (I)<ref name =loksabha1980/>
|-
|1984
|703,870
|83-83
|Tarun Kanti Ghosh
|49.46
|Indian National Congress
|Chitta Basu
|47.64
|Forward Bloc<ref name=loksabha1984/>
|-
|1989
|898,100
|85.87
|Chitta Basu
|50.52
|Forward Bloc
|Tarun Kanti Ghosh
|44.38
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1989/>
|-
|1991
|893, 570
|83.11
|Chitta Basu
|43.60
|Forward Bloc
|Ashok Krishna Dutt
|35.84
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1991/>
|-
|1996
|1,072,010
|86.33
|Chitta Basu
|46.24
|Forward Bloc
|Dr. Ranjit Kumar Panja
|42.86
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1996/>
|-
|1998
|1,070,950
|84.10
|Dr. Ranjit Kumar Panja
|47.13
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]
|Chitra Ghosh
|40.83
|Forward Bloc<ref name=loksabha1998/>
|-
|1999
|1,043,590
|80.88
|Dr. Ranjit Kumar Panja
|50.28
|Trinamool Congress
|Saral Deb
|40.88
|Forward Bloc<ref name=loksabha1999/>
|-
|2004
|1,153,580
|83.11
|[[Subrata Bose]]
|45.13
|Forward Bloc
|Dr. Ranjit Kumar Panja
|44.07
|Trinamool Congress<ref name=loksabha2004/>
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Barasat]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/west_bengal/barasat/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Barasat lok sabha constituency election 2019 result details]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}
{{North 24 Parganas topics}}

{{Coord|22.72|N|88.48|E|format=dms|display=title}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barasat Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of North 24 Parganas district]]

In Our Translated World

2026-01-11T22:26:14Z

JoannaCostantino: stub

{{expand Tamil|நமது மொழிபெயர்ப்பு உலகம்: உலகளாவிய தற்காலத் தமிழ் கவிதைகள்|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox book
| name = In Our Translated World: Contemporary Global Tamil Poetry
| title_orig =
| translator = Anushiya Ramaswamy, Maithili Thayanithy and M. L. Thangappa.
| image = In Our Translated World.jpg
| border = yes
| caption =
| authors = 78 Poets
| country = {{flagu|Canada}}
| editor = [[Chelva Kanaganayakam]]
| language = English, Tamil
| genre = Poetry
| publisher = [[Tamil Literary Garden]] jointly with TSAR Publications
| pub_date = 2013
| media_type = Book
| pages = 269
| isbn = 1927494362
}}
'''''In Our Translated World: Contemporary Global Tamil Poetry''''' is a [[bilingual]] ([[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[English language|English]]) anthology of [[Tamil literature|Tamil poetry]], published in 2013. This collection contains poems by 78 Tamils, of whom 21 are women.<ref name="review_by_richard"/> The authors are from many countries, including [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[Canada]], [[Australia]] and [[Europe]]. Similarly, their backgrounds and experiences are diverse, described as being "women and men, young and old, Hindu, Muslim and Christian".<ref name="review_by_nive"/>

In a note about the importance of this work, Professor Sascha Ebeling of the Department of South Indian Studies, [[University of Chicago]] stated the following: "Never before has an anthology of Tamil poetry in translation offered such a broad perspective, and no other book to date demonstrates so well the fact that over the past two decades Tamil literature has become a truly global affair.".<ref name="tsar"/>

''In Our Translated World'' is the result of a project undertaken by [[Tamil Literary Garden]] with funding from [[Government of Ontario|Ontario government's]] Trillium Foundation and others.<ref name="review_by_nive"/> It was edited by [[Chelva Kanaganayakam]],<ref name="chelva_interview"/> professor in the Department of English and the Director for the Centre for South Asian Studies at the [[University of Toronto]].<ref name="review_by_richard"/> This book was released on 9 March 2014 at the Scarborough Convention Centre.<ref name="monsoon_article"/>

== Selection and translation ==
The selection committee consisted of poets, writers and academics. This included Mohanarangan, Sukumaran, A. Yesurasa, Selvam Arulanantham, Usha Mathivanan, Thirumavalan, S. Yuvarajan, Latha and Annar.<ref name="review_by_pathivukal"/>

The works were translated by Anushiya Ramaswamy, Maithili Thayanithy and [[M. L. Thangappa]].

== Themes ==
The poems in this anthology cover a range of themes.<ref name="scott_edward_anderson"/> The "struggle between [[modernity]] and [[tradition]]", "transition from an oppressive [[plantation]] culture to urban spaces", [[urbanization]], "[[Sri Lankan Civil War|Sri Lankan Tamils political upheaval]] and its consequent social and cultural disintegration", sexual assault, violence, poverty, women issues, [[Emigration|emigrant]]/[[Immigration|immigrant]] experiences and [[existentialism]] are major themes covered in this collection.<ref name="review_by_pathivukal"/>

== See also ==
* [[Tamil literature]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="review_by_richard">{{Cite web | title = Contemporary Global Tamil Poetry (Book Review) | website=sangam.org | publisher = Ilankai Tamil Sangam | year = 2013 | access-date = 2014-03-23 | url = http://sangam.org/contemporary-global-tamil-poetry/}}</ref>

<ref name="review_by_nive">{{Cite web | title = In Our Translated World | website = tamilculture.ca | publisher = TamilCulture | year = 2014 | access-date = 2014-03-23 | url = http://tamilculture.ca/translated-world/ | archive-date = 2014-03-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140323200447/http://tamilculture.ca/translated-world/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>

<ref name="tsar">{{Cite web | title = In Our Translated World: Contemporary Global Tamil Poetry | website = tsarbooks.com | publisher = TSAR Books | year = 2014 | access-date = 2014-03-23 | url = http://www.tsarbooks.com/TSAR_InOurTranslatedWorld.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140321040002/http://www.tsarbooks.com/TSAR_InOurTranslatedWorld.htm | archive-date = 2014-03-21 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
<ref name="review_by_pathivukal">{{Cite web | title = வாசிப்பும், யோசிப்பும் 37 : எமது மாறிய உலகினுள் (In Our Translated World) | website = geotamil.com | publisher = Pathivukal | year = 2014 | access-date = 2014-03-23 | url = http://www.geotamil.com/pathivukalnew/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1936:-37-in-our-translated-world&catid=28:2011-03-07-22-20-27&Itemid=54 | archive-date = 2014-03-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140323200305/http://www.geotamil.com/pathivukalnew/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1936:-37-in-our-translated-world&catid=28:2011-03-07-22-20-27&Itemid=54 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

<ref name="chelva_interview">{{Cite web | title = Interview with the editor and Prof. Chelva Kanaganayakam and Tamil Poet and Prof. Cheran | website=youtube.com| publisher = TSAR Books | year = 2014 | access-date = 2014-03-23 | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6q4xECeSDI&sns=fb}}</ref>

<ref name="scott_edward_anderson">{{Cite web | title = Scott Edward Anderson about In Our Translated World |website=seapoetry.wordpress.com| publisher = TSAR Books | year = 2014 | access-date = 2014-03-23 | url = http://seapoetry.wordpress.com/2014/03/23/poems-of-displacement-love-and-other-modern-tamil-concerns/}}</ref>

<ref name="monsoon_article">{{Cite web | title = Monsoon Journal Article about In Our Translated World | website = monsoonjournal.com | publisher = TSAR Books | year = 2014 | access-date = 2014-03-23 | url = http://www.monsoonjournal.com/ArticleFiles/Archives/Arch_on_1-Mar-2014/Archive_1-Mar-2014.pdf | archive-date = 2014-03-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140325010241/http://www.monsoonjournal.com/ArticleFiles/Archives/Arch_on_1-Mar-2014/Archive_1-Mar-2014.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>
}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2013 poetry books]]
[[Category:2013 anthologies]]
[[Category:Tamil poetry]]
[[Category:Poetry anthologies]]
[[Category:Canadian anthologies]]
[[Category:Canadian poetry collections]]

List of Marathi films of 1968

2025-12-29T13:17:47Z

JoannaCostantino: fixes

{{Short description|None}}
{{Marathi films}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
A list of films produced by the Marathi language film industry based in [[Maharashtra]] in the year 1968.

==1968 releases==
A list of Marathi films released in 1968.

{| class ="wikitable sortable collapsible"
! style="width: 05%;" |Year
! style="width: 15%;" |Film
! style="width: 15%;" |Director
! style="width: 40%;" class="unsortable" |Cast
! style="width: 10%;" |Release date
! style="width: 15%;" class="unsortable" |Producer
! style="width: 15%;" class="unsortable" |Notes
! style="width: 15%;" class="unsortable" |Source
|-
| rowspan=15 align="center" | 1968
| ''[[Ekti (film)|Ekti]]''||[[Raja Thakur]]||[[Rajasulochana|Sulochana]], [[Kashinath Ghanekar]], [[Indumati Paingankar]] || ||G. Chaugle ||[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi]] in 1968 ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0290586/|title=Ekati (1968)|work=IMDb}} {{unreliable?|date=August 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''Jiwhala''||[[Ram Gabale]] || || || ||||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0214817/|title=Jiwhala (1968)|work=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| ''Dhanya Te Santaji Dhanaji''||[[Dinkar Patil]] ||[[Chandrakant]], [[Ganpat Patil]], [[Lata Kale]] || || || ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0251666/|title=Dhanya Te Santaji Dhanaji (1968)|work=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| ''Ek Mati Anek Nati''||[[Krushna Patil]] || [[Madhu Bhosale]], Anupama, [[Chandrakant]] || || || ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0290584/|title=Ek Mati Anek Nati (1968)|work=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Aamhi Jato Amuchya Gava]]''||[[Kamalakar Torne]] ||[[Suryakant]], Uma, [[Shrikant Moghe]] ||9 August 1968 || [[Everest Entertainment]] || ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0290414/|title=Aamhi Jato Amuchya Gava (1968)|date=9 August 1968|work=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| ''Ek Gaav Bara Bhangadi''||[[Anant Mane]] ||[[Arun Sarnaik]], [[Dada Salvi]], [[Jayshree Gadkar]] || || || ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0238197/|title=Ek Gaon Barah Bhangadi (1968)|work=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| ''Dharmakanya''||[[Madhav Shinde]] ||Anupama, [[Chandrakant Gokhale]], Ratnamala || || || ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0290565/|title=Dharmakanya (1968)|work=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| ''Preet Shikva Mala''||[[Bal Korde]] || || || Rajan Chitra|| ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0293524/|title=Preet Shikva Mala (1968)|work=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| ''Yethe Shahane Rahtat''||[[Dutta Keshav Kulkarni]] ||[[Raja Paranjape]], [[Raja Gosavi]], [[Bharati Malwankar]] || || || ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0213316/|title=Yethe Shahane Rahtat (1968)|work=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| ''Bai Mothi Bhagyachi''||[[Datta Keshav]] || Madhu Apte, [[Master Bhagwan]], Saroj Borkar || || Maharashtra Films|| ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0213184/|title=Bai Mothi Bhagyachi (1968)|work=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| ''Gharchi Rani ''||Rajdutt || || || || ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0258614/|title=Gharchi Rani (1968)|work=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| ''Mangalsutra''||[[Ashok Tate]] || || || || ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0290749/|title=Mangalsutra (1968)|work=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| ''Chhanda Preetichi''||[[Madhav Bhoite]] || || || || ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0290522/|title=Chhanda Preetichi (1968)|work=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| ''Khandobachi Aan''||[[Prabhakar Manajirao Nayak]] || || || || ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0248134/|title=Khandobachi Aan (1968)|work=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| ''Dharmapatni ''||[[Govind B. Ghanekar]] || || || || ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0290566/|title=Dharmapatni (1968)|work=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{1968 films|state=collapsed}}
{{Indian film list|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marathi Films Of 1968}}
[[Category:Lists of 1968 films by language]]
[[Category:Lists of Marathi films by year|1968]]
[[Category:1968 in Indian cinema]]
[[Category:1960s Marathi-language films| ]]

Mahi River

2025-12-17T23:54:33Z

JoannaCostantino: slightly added section as per guidelines and updated info per sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Mahi River (माही नदी)
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology = 
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption = Mahi River at Sevaliya near Vadodara
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 6
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type3 = City
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 = 
| length_km = 580
| length_ref =  approx.
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location = Sevalia<ref>{{cite web
| title = Mahi Basin Station: Sevalia
| publisher = UNH/GRDC
| url = http://www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P2853150.html
| access-date = 2013-10-01
}}
</ref>
| discharge1_min = {{convert|0|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|383|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_max = {{convert|10887|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| source1 =
| source1_location = • [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Vindhyas]]

• [[Rajasthan]], [[Vagad]] Region
| source1_coordinates =
| source1_elevation =
| mouth = [[Gulf of Khambhat]] ([[Arabian Sea]])
| mouth_location = Near [[Kathana railway station]], [[Kathana, Gujarat|Kathana]], [[Anand District]], [[Gujarat]]
| mouth_coordinates =
| mouth_elevation =
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}
[[File:India_rivers_and_lakes_map.svg|thumb|right|The Mahi River near [[Gujarat]] among other Indian rivers]]
The '''Mahi''' ('''माही नदी''') is a river in western [[India]]. It rises in [[Madhya Pradesh]] and, after flowing through the [[Vagad]] region of [[Rajasthan]], enters [[Gujarat]] and flows into the [[Arabian Sea]]. It is one of the relatively few west-flowing rivers in India, alongside the endorheic [[Luni River]], the [[Sabarmati River]], the [[Tapti River|Tapi River]] and the [[Narmada River]]. Most peninsular rivers in India flow eastward into the [[Bay of Bengal]] or northward into the [[Ganges River]].

It has given its name to the [[Mahi Kantha]] agency of [[Bombay]], and also to the [[mehwasis]], marauding highlanders often mentioned in Arabian chronicles.<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Mahi |volume=17 |page=396}}</ref>

The Mahi River originates near Minda village, which is situated in Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh.

The Mahi River rises in the western Vindhya Range, just south of Sardarpur, and flows northward through Madhya Pradesh state. Turning northwest, it enters Rajasthan state and then turns southwest to flow through Gujarat state through the north of [[Vadodara]] city outskirts and enters the sea by a wide estuary before Khambhat<ref name=EB1911/> after about a 360-mile (580-km) course. The silt brought down by the Mahi has contributed to the shallowing of the Gulf of Khambhat and the abandonment of its once-prosperous ports. The riverbed lies considerably lower than the land level and is of little use for irrigation.

The river is worshipped by many people and has many temples and places of worship along its shore. It is popularly described as '''Mahisagar''' due to the vastness of the river. The newly formed [[Mahisagar district]] in [[Gujarat]] derives its name from this pious river. This river crosses the [[Tropic of Cancer]] twice.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/69427/facts-about-india-and-the-tropic-of-cancer|title=If you are the adventurous type and was looking for something different to do this summer, following the Tropic of Cancer line across India would definitely qualify|website=outlookindia.com|access-date=14 September 2020}}</ref>

The [[ancient Greeks]] called it Mais ({{langx|grc|Μαϊς}}).<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DM%3Aentry+group%3D3%3Aentry%3Dmais-geo02 Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Mais]</ref>

== Dams ==

=== Banswara Dam ===

Mahi Bajaj Sagar Dam is a dam across the Mahi River. It is situated 16 kilometres from Banswara town in Banswara district Rajasthan, India. The dam was constructed between 1972 and 1983 for the purposes of hydroelectric power generation and water supply. It is the second-largest dam in Rajasthan. It is named after Shri Jamnala Bajaj. It hosts many crocodiles and turtles. There are many islands within the catchment area of the dam, so Banswara also called popularly called as "City of Hundred Islands". The dam is easily accessible by road. The dam has an installed capacity of 140 MW.

The Mahi River flowing into the Gulf of Khambhat is on the verge of extinction due to pollution and salinity. Fisherfolk and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) of Vadodara, Gujarat, blame the construction of bunds on the Mahi by the Vadodara Municipal Corporation for the situation. "The bunds constructed to collect water have stopped the surface movement of the river," say the NGO's. Consequently, the river is facing an intrusion of saline water from sea as there is no surface flow to push the seawater back during a low tide. "The groundwater in many areas might become saline due to this. in the past year 2016 around 600-800 turtles have died because of the excess salinity in the water. The Mahi river is in a very bad state now."

=== Kadana Dam ===
{{Main|Kadana Dam}}

It was built in 1979 in the villages of Kadana, Tal: kadana Dist: Mahisagar District, Gujarat. It was constructed to provide irrigation, hydropower and flood protection.<ref>{{cite web |title = Narmada, Water Resources, Water Supply and Kalpsar Department- Kadana Dam |url= http://guj-nwrws.gujarat.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=1576&lang=English/}}</ref>

===Wanakbori dam (Weir)===
The Wanakbori dam (weir) is established near Wanakbori village. The [[Wanakbori Thermal Power Station|Wanakbori thermal power station]] uses the water of the river Mahi. There are eight units for the production of electricity.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051219210636/http://www.rajirrigation.gov.in/3bmahi.htm Mahi Basin (Department of Irrigation, Government of Rajasthan)]
* [http://guj-nwrws.gujarat.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=1576&lang=English (Narmada, Water Resources, Water Supply and Kalpsar Department)]

{{Hydrography of Gujarat}}
{{Hydrography of Rajasthan}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|22|16|N|72|58|E|display=title|region:IN_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Geography of Malwa]]
[[Category:Rivers of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rivers of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rivers of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Gulf of Khambhat]]
[[Category:Rivers in Buddhism]]

List of Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for Urdu

2025-12-16T18:24:13Z

JoannaCostantino: Made basic entry nd citations!

{{Short description|Winners of a literary honour in India}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Awards}}
'''Bal Sahitya Puraskar''' is given each year to writers for their outstanding works in the 24 languages, since 2010.

== Recipients ==
Following is the list of recipients of [[Bal Sahitya Puraskar]] for their works written in [[Urdu language|Urdu]]. The award comprises a cash prize of [[Indian rupee|Rs]]. 50,000 and an engraved copper plaque.<ref name="the quint">{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal, Yuva Puraskar for 2018 |url=https://www.thequint.com/hotwire-text/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-yuva-puraskar-for-2018 |website=www.thequint.com |date=2018-06-22 |access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Author
! Work
! Genre
! class="unsortable" |References
|-
| 2010 || Syed Ghulam Haider || ''Akhri Chori aur Doosri Kahaniyan'' || Short Stories ||
|-
| 2011 || Aadil Aseer Dehlavi || ''Kulliyat-e-Aadil (Vol. 1)'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2012 || Manazir Aashiq Harganvi || ''Jaise Ko Taisa'' || Short Stories ||
|-
| 2013 || Asad Raza || ''Nanhe Munno Ki Sarkar'' || Stories || <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/October-December_2013_Newsletter.pdf |title=Fourth Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar for 2013 were presented to twenty four writers in Indian languages recognised by the Akademi in a grand function held on 15 November 2013 at Goa State Museum Auditorium, Panaji, Goa |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || Mahboob Rahi || ''Rangarang Phulwari'' || Poetry || <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar November 2014, Awards Presentation Ceremony |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714091455/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || Bano Sartaj || ''Bachchon Ke Liye Yakbabi Dramey'' || One Act Play || <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/sep-dec_2015_NewsLetter.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Newsletter|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=|archive-date=|page=4-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announced Bal Sahitya Puraskar for the year 2015 |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/sahitya-akademi-announced-bal-sahitya-puraskar-for-the-year-2015-1435216949-1 |website=www.jagranjosh.com |date=25 June 2015 |access-date=13 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || Wakeel Najeeb || ''Masiha'' || Novel ||
|-
| 2017 || Nazeer Fatehpuri || ''Mera Desh Mahan'' || Short Stories ||
|-
| 2018 || Rais Siddiqui || ''Batooni Ladki'' || Short Stories || <ref name="the quint"/>
|-
| 2019 || Mohammad Khalil || ''Science ke Dilchasp Mazameen'' || Stories ||
|-
| 2020 || Hafiz Karnataki || ''Fakhr-E-Watan'' || Biography ||
|-
| 2021 || Kausar Siddiqui || ''Charagh Phoolon Ke'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2022 || Zafar Kamali || ''Hauslon Ki Udan'' || Poetry || <ref>{{cite news |title=मराठी भाषेसाठी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार |url=https://www.adda247.com/mr/jobs/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2022/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=www.adda247.com |date=3 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || Mateen Achlpuri || ''Mamta ki Dor'' || Short Stories || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || Shamsul Islam Farooqi || ''Barf Ka Des Antarctica'' || Short Stories ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/article68293703.ece |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=www.thehindu.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/articleshow/111018778.cms |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://theprint.in/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/2132795/ |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=theprint.in |date=15 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || Ghazanfar Iqbal || ''Qaumi'' || Articles || <ref>{{cite web |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2138824 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=28 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi 2025: Yuva, Bal Sahitya Puraskar Winners Announced |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2025-3591773 |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Sumit |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 Winners Announced |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2025-winners-announced-complete-list-of-24-award-recipients/ |access-date=28 October 2025 |agency=Adda 24x7 Current Affairs |date=19 June 2025}}</ref>
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Urdu]]

== References ==
{{Portal|India|Literature}}

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/bal%20sahitya%20samman_suchi.jsp Bal Sahitya Puraskar-Sahitya Akademi India - Official Website]
[[Category:Indian literary awards]]
[[Category:Literary awards by language]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian award winners]]
[[Category:Bal Sahitya Puraskar by language]]

Chaurasi Khamba Mosque

2025-12-08T21:17:58Z

JoannaCostantino: new initial details and citations

{{Short description|Mosque in Kaman, Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = Chaurasi Khamba Mosque
| religious_affiliation = [[Sunni Islam]]
| image = Chaurasi_Khamba_Masjid_-_Courtyard_2.jpg
| image_upright = 1.4
| caption = The mosque courtyard (''[[sahn]]'')
| location = [[Kaman, Rajasthan|Kaman]], [[Rajasthan]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|27.65115|77.26586|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN|display=it}}
| map_type = India Rajasthan
| map_size = 250
| map_relief = 1
| map_caption = Location of the mosque in [[Rajasthan]]
| status = [[Mosque]]
| functional_status = Active
| patron = Bahaa Al-Din Tughrul
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed = 13th century
| dome_quantity = 84 {{small|(estimate)}}
| materials = Stone
| architect =
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}
| architecture_style = {{ubl|[[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]]|[[Ghurid dynasty|Ghurid]]|[[Mughal architecture|Mughal]]}}
}}
The '''Chaurasi Khamba Mosque''', also known as the '''Kaman Mosque''', is a [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[mosque]], located in [[Kaman, Rajasthan|Kaman]], in the state of [[Rajasthan]], India. The mosque was built in the 13th century on the site of what was believed to be a former [[Hindu temple]].

== Overview ==
Near the border of [[Mathura]] the mosque exemplifies [[syncretism]] by standing alongside Hindu temples and other historical monuments.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-08 |title=Exploring The Enigma Of Chaurasi Khamba In Kaman: A Mysterious Temple With A Unique History - EBNW Story |url=https://ebnw.net/travel-tourism/exploring-the-enigma-of-chaurasi-khamba-in-kaman-a-mysterious-temple-with-a-unique-history/ |access-date=2024-05-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> The mosque attracts tourists and history enthusiasts, and highlights the architecture of the [[Ghurid dynasty|Ghurid empire]] as a representation of India's culturally diverse legacy.<ref name="clarion">{{cite news |date=28 June 2024 |title=Religious Harmony: Hindu Caretaker Dedicates Life to Historic Varanasi Mosque |url=https://clarionindia.net/religious-harmony-hindu-caretaker-dedicates-life-to-historic-varanasi-mosque/ |access-date=31 January 2025 |work=Clarion India}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Chaurasi_Khamba_Masjid_-_Colonnade_2.jpg|thumb|A [[colonnade]] in the mosque]]
The Chaurasi Khamba Mosque ranks among the earliest royally-sanctioned mosques in [[North India|northern India]], dating from the late 12th century to the early 13th century (1190-1210 [[Common Era|CE]]). Constructed following the conquest of northern India by the forces of [[Muhammad of Ghor|Mohammad Ghouri]], it is believed to have been erected on the remnants of pre-existing Hindu temples.<ref name=Varunshiv>{{Cite web |last=Varunshiv |date=2011-10-01 |title=Four Ghurid Mosques |url=https://sarsonkekhet.in/2011/10/01/four-ghurid-mosques/ |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=Sarson ke Khet |language=en}}</ref> The Chaurasi Khamba Mosque was patronized by [[Bahauddin Tughril|Baha Al-Din Tughrul]].<ref name=Shokoohy>{{Cite book |last1=Shokoohy |first1=Mehrdad |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctv2f4vj93 |title=Bayana: The Sources of Mughal Architecture |last2=Shokoohy |first2=Natalie H. |date=2020 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6072-9 |jstor=10.3366/j.ctv2f4vj93 }}</ref> His support of the mosque aligns with his role in consolidating Muslim rule in northern India during this period.<ref name=Damle>{{Cite web |last=Damle |first=Himanshu |date=2023-04-24 |title=CHAURASI KHAMBA MOSQUE/TEMPLE, KAMAN, BHARATPUR DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN |url=https://hdheritagewalks.wordpress.com/2023/04/24/chaurasi-khamba-mosque-temple-kaman-bharatpur-district-rajasthan/ |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=Himanshu Damle |language=en}}</ref> Some features of this mosque suggest that it was significantly altered during [[Mughal Empire|Mughal times]], or possibly by the British, to give it a Mughal feel; it has a more "finished" and uncluttered appearance, and the wrap-around sloping canopy with small [[parapet]] above is a prominent [[Mughal architecture|Mughal-era design]] element.<ref name=Varunshiv/>

It is thought the mosque sits on remains of a Hindu temple. The building contains several symbolic embellishments: 84 carved pillars, a symbolic number throughout Kaman: 84 ponds, 84 temples, and {{convert|84|ha}} split into 84 little water pools. The count of Chaurasi Khamba lends some mystery.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-08 |title=Exploring The Enigma Of Chaurasi Khamba In Kaman: A Mysterious Temple With A Unique History - EBNW Story |url=https://ebnw.net/travel-tourism/exploring-the-enigma-of-chaurasi-khamba-in-kaman-a-mysterious-temple-with-a-unique-history/ |access-date=2024-05-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> Its name translates to "84 pillars." This highlights the grid-like arrangement of pillars that form a stunning [[colonnade]] within the structure.<ref name=Damle/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bahaa aldin tughrul |url=https://www.bing.com/search?q=bahaa+aldin+tughrul&form=ANNTH1&refig=e2ca9362caf14dcc85e3d7a5c760e14b&pc=ASTS |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=Bing |language=en}}{{better source|date=January 2025}}</ref> The mosque reflects the architectural typical of the [[Ghurid dynasty|Ghurid]] era, with its carvings, [[dome]]s, and arches. It also serves as a significant cultural and religious landmark.

== Architecture ==
The mosque consists of two [[floor plan]]s: the ground plan and the first plan (upper level). The mosque follows a [[hypostyle]] plan with 84 columns. Upon the main entrance gateway, there is a lobby with stairs leading to the upper floor level. The lobby leads to an open-to-sky courtyard (''[[sahn]]'') surrounded by [[portico]]s.<ref name=Shokoohy/> The ''[[Qibla]]'' wall with the domed ''[[mihrab]]'' is located opposite the lobby. The upper floor level has only a ''[[minbar]]'' for the mosque, in addition to a royal gallery with its own access stair, separate from the upper-level leading ones. The colonnade of the mosque is enclosed with thick stone walls on the western side and the southern side, in addition to the north-west corner of the northern wall to enclose the royal gallery and the prayer hall.<ref name=Shokoohy/>

[[File:Chaurasi_Khamba_Masjid_-_Entrance.jpg|thumb|Main entrance]]
The main entrance projects outwards, forming an entrance lobby. The entrance follows the skyline of the eastern [[façade]] which does not make it a ''[[pishtaq]]'' entrance. The upper part of the entrance lobby and the roof were added later to the mosque. They were designed forming two shallow centered arches (some historians date them to the late 16th or 17th century), which is considered an architectural characteristic of the Mughal Empire.<ref name=Shokoohy/>
[[File:Chaurasi_Khamba_Masjid_-_Entrance_2.jpg|left|thumb|Entrance]]
The entrance to the mosque is opposite to the entrance lobby with stonework decorating the area around the entrance. The stonework mentions [[Bahauddin Tughril|Baha al-din's name]]. Two reused monolithic slabs carved to form miniature [[shrine]]s adorn the mosque's doorway.<ref name=Shokoohy/>

[[File:Chaurasi_Khamba_Masjid_-_Ceiling_Detail.jpg|thumb|Ceiling detail]]
The southern walls of the mosque feature three rectangular-shaped [[Niche (architecture)|niches]] on the interior side. The eastern and northern sides feature unusual designs since they are placed at a higher level compared to the southern side due to a raised platform they share. Eave stones decorate the upper fragments of the walls with stone-clad panels covering the parapet and featuring carved battlements.<ref name=Shokoohy/>

[[File:Chaurasi_Khamba_Masjid_-_Column_Detail.jpg|thumb|Column detail]]
Columns in the Chaurasi Khamba Mosque were reused from former Hindu temples. Accordingly, they feature defaced-human figures and decorations related to the Hindu culture.<ref name=Shokoohy/> The reused columns support the mosque after the human figures had been defaced to respect Islamic traditions and match the context. The reused [[column]]s were placed differently in Kaman mosque; initially, the figures at one end of the columns were towards the capitals of the columns, however, the columns were flipped in Kaman mosque, and the figures were placed at the base of the columns.<ref name=Shokoohy/> The columns’ bases feature animal figures like elephants.<ref name="Shokoohy" />

=== Mihrabs ===
[[File:Chaurasi_Khamba_Masjid_-_Mihrab_Niche_2.jpg|thumb|Mihrab niche]]
; Main mihrab
The main ''mihrab'' is centred on the ''Qibla'' wall. The mihrab is surrounded by an inscription band featuring the opening verses of [[Al-Fath|Surat Al-fath]], framing a two-centered arch in the middle of the mihrab. Given that the mosque was constructed in the early period of the conquest, Surat Al-Fath was highlighting the victory of the conquest. The vase-shaped capitals that were resting on pillars supported the two-centered arch, which was carved with a border with a perforated scroll design (the pillars are no longer there).<ref name=Shokoohy/> ''[[Shahada]]'' is engraved on the [[spandrel]]s on the upper side of the two-centered arch. The mihrab's stones have been sculpted to resemble an arch with [[pilaster]]s and a fringe with piercings. The carvings of the mihrab were original and specifically designed for it, which makes the mihrab the focal point of the prayer hall.<ref name=Shokoohy/>

; Mezzanine mihrab
One small auxiliary ''mihrab'' is located on the upper level. The adoption of the practice of placing a single ''mihrab'' in the ''Qibla'' wall was common in western [[Khurasan]] and Iran, as evidenced by the remnants of previous mosque construction in [[Central Asia]]. During this time, Northern India's lone ''mihrab'' mosques had clear connections to [[Persian architecture|Persian]] design.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Chaurasi Khamba Masjid - Courtyard.jpg|Courtyard
Chaurasi Khamba Masjid - Mihrab Niche.jpg|''Mihrab'' niche
Chaurasi Khamba Masjid - Column Detail 3.jpg|Column detail
Chaurasi Khamba Masjid - Column Capital Detail.jpg|Column [[Capital (architecture)|capital]] detail
Chaurasi Khamba Masjid - Colonnade.jpg|Colonnade
Chaurasi Khamba Masjid - Minbar and Raised Platfrom.jpg|''Minbar'' and raised platform
Chaurasi Khamba Masjid - Threshold Detail.jpg|Threshold detail
Chaurasi Khamba Masjid - Column Detail 2.jpg|Column detail
Chaurasi Khamba Masjid - Entrance to Plinth.jpg|Entrance to the raised platform
Chaurasi Khamba Masjid - Pilaster Detail.jpg|[[Pilaster]] detail
Chaurasi Khamba Masjid - Doorway to Plinth.jpg|Doorway to the raised platform
Chaurasi Khamba Masjid - Column Base Detail.jpg|Column base detail
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}
* [[Islam in India]]
* [[List of mosques in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons cat-inline|Chaurasi Khamba Masjid}}

{{Mosques in India}}

[[Category:13th-century religious buildings and structures in India]]
[[Category:Ghurid dynasty]]
[[Category:Indo-Islamic mosques]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes in India]]
[[Category:Mosques in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Mughal mosques]]
[[Category:Sunni mosques in India]]
[[Category:Wikipedia Student Program]]
[[Category:Mosques converted from Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Former Hindu temples in India]]
[[Category:13th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Rajasthan]]

Veduvan

2025-12-07T11:35:28Z

JoannaCostantino: Adding Initial Stub More To Come...

{{Infobox television
| image = Veduvan.jpg
| caption = Official release poster
| genre = [[Crime thriller]]
| writer = Pavan
| screenplay = Pavan
| director = Pavan
| starring = {{ubl|[[Kanna Ravi]]|[[Sanjeev Venkat]]|Sravnitha Srikanth|[[Vinusha Devi]]|Rekha Nair|Lavanya}}
| music = Vibin Baskar
| country = India
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| num_seasons = 1
| producer = Sagar Pentela
| cinematography = Srinivaasan Devaraj
| editor = S. Surajkavee
| company = Rise East
| network = [[ZEE5]]
| released = {{start date|2025|10|10}}
}}

'''Veduvan''' is an Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller]] streaming web series directed by Pavan and produced by Srinidhi Sagar under the banner of Rise East. The series stars [[Kanna Ravi]] in a lead role,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sangeetha |first=P. |date=2025-10-03 |title=Kanna Ravi on his upcoming web series Veduvan, sharing screen space with Rajinikanth, and Khakhi Squad |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2025/Oct/03/kanna-ravi-on-his-upcoming-web-series-veduvan-sharing-screen-space-with-rajinikanth-and-khakhi-squad |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=“No Drama in Life, Only on Screen”: Kanna Ravi on Leading Veduvan {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/no-drama-in-life-only-on-screen-kanna-ravi-on-leading-veduvan-78346.html |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref> with [[Sanjeev Venkat]], Sravnitha Srikanth, [[Vinusha Devi]], Rekha Nair, and Lavanya in supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhattacharya |first=Trisha |date=2025-09-17 |title=Veduvan on OTT: When and where to watch Kanna Ravi’s upcoming Tamil thriller series |url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/veduvan-on-ott-when-and-where-to-watch-kanna-ravi-s-upcoming-tamil-thriller-series-11758055614250.html |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> It premiered on [[ZEE5]] on 10 October 2025. Set in a coastal town, Veduvan follows a chain of events triggered by a mysterious incident that unearths old grievances and buried secrets.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Veduvan 2025: Release date, plot, OTT partner, episodes and everything to know about Kanna Ravi series |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/veduvan-2025-release-date-plot-ott-partner-episodes-and-everything-to-know-about-kanna-ravi-series/63f5abb874534 |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

== Premise ==
The story follows ''Sooraj'', an aspiring actor who secures the role of ''Arun'', an encounter specialist, in a film. As he immerses himself in the character, Sooraj begins to understand the moral dilemmas and hidden truths that define the role. The lines between his reel and real lives begin to blur, drawing him into a tense web of love, betrayal, and corruption. The series examines how an actor's pursuit of authenticity leads him to confront questions that go beyond the story he set out to tell.

== Cast and characters ==

* [[Kanna Ravi]] as Sooraj
* [[Sanjeev Venkat]]
* Sravnitha Srikanth
* [[Vinusha Devi]]
* Rekha Nair
* Lavanya

== episodes ==
{{Episode table |background=#9C958E |overall= |title= |director= |airdate= |directorR= |writerR= |airdateR= |episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = The Role of a Lifetime
|DirectedBy = Pavan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|10|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = A washed-up actor, Sooraj, finds hope in a daring new script about encounter specialist Arun and becomes drawn into the cop’s violent past after Arun kills gangster Guna.
|LineColor = #9C958E
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = The Man in the Shadows
|DirectedBy = Pavan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|10|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Guna’s public execution shocks Chennai. His widow, Yashoda, vows revenge while the police brand the killing self-defence, and Arun struggles to keep his identity secret.
|LineColor = #9C958E
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = The Calm Before the Storm
|DirectedBy = Pavan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|10|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Continuing his undercover mission in Sivagangai, Arun targets feared gangster Aadhi at a hotel, even as Yashoda intensifies her hunt for her husband’s killer.
|LineColor = #9C958E
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = The Predator
|DirectedBy = Pavan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|10|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Arun discovers that Aadhi has married his former love, Shanthi. Suspecting Arun’s motives, Aadhi warns him to leave; Arun instead makes a bold, risky move.
|LineColor = #9C958E
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = The Kill
|DirectedBy = Pavan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|10|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = During a village-festival fireworks display, Arun secretly shoots Aadhi. At the funeral he comforts a grief-stricken Shanthi and her children while hiding his guilt.
|LineColor = #9C958E
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = The Weight of the Bullet
|DirectedBy = Pavan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|10|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Though feted as a hero, Arun is rattled by Aadhi’s death. Back in Chennai he questions the justice system and faces a life-altering decision.
|LineColor = #9C958E
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = The Truth, As We Know It
|DirectedBy = Pavan Kumar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|10|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = While portraying Arun on film, Sooraj uncovers disturbing facts about the officer’s demise. The movie is a hit, but Sooraj is haunted by the truth he has learned.
|LineColor = #9C958E
}}
}}

== Production ==
''Veduvan'' is directed by Pavan and produced by Srinidhi Sagar of Rise East. The technical crew includes Vipin Bhaskar as composer, Srinivaasan Devaraj as cinematographer, and S. Surajkavee as editor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘வேடுவன்’ வெப் தொடர் அக்.10 ரிலீஸ்! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/ott-platform/ott-news/1378107-kanna-ravi-starrer-veduvan-releasing-on-oct-10.html |website=hindutamil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-07 |title=Kanna Ravi clears the air on Veduvan and Kaithi connection: ‘I used the backstory and emotional graph…’ |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kanna-ravi-clears-the-air-on-veduvan-and-kaithi-connection-i-used-the-backstory-10293367/ |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Veduvan 2025: Release date, plot, OTT partner, episodes and everything to know about Kanna Ravi series |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/veduvan-2025-release-date-plot-ott-partner-episodes-and-everything-to-know-about-kanna-ravi-series/63f5abb874534 |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

Filming took place in and around [[Sivagangai]], with several scenes shot in suburban and rural settings such as local villages and bus stations. The production was completed within an 18-day schedule. Actor Kanna Ravi described the experience as one of the most demanding projects of his career due to the tight filming timeline and the psychological depth of his role.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-08 |title=Kanna Ravi Calls Veduvan His Most Challenging Project Yet {{!}} EXCL |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/kanna-ravi-calls-veduvan-his-most-challenging-project-yet-excl-article-152961072 |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

== Release ==
The official trailer for ''Veduvan'' was released on 27 September 2025. The series premiered on [[ZEE5]] on 10 October 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jhansi |date=2025-09-27 |title=Trailer Talk: Interesting Premise, Weak Execution? |url=https://www.m9.news/what-to-watch-on-ott/veduvan-tamil-series-trailer-review/ |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=M9.news |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Reception ==
The ''[[Scroll.in]]'' review commended Kanna Ravi's performance but observed that the show's moral commentary was tentative and the narrative lacked urgency.<ref name="Scroll">{{Cite web |title=Veduvan review: A timid debate on encounter killings |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1087465/veduvan-review-a-timid-debate-on-encounter-killings |access-date=10 October 2025 |website=Scroll.in}}</ref> Anusha Sundar of ''[[HT Media|OTTPlay]]'' rated the series 2 out of 5 stars, writing that "''Veduvan'', which dances with concepts of morality and responsibility, ends up dilly-dallying with overly simplistic choices of writing. Even as the cast puts up a decent show, the efforts that have gone on paper are starkly visible and somewhat disjointed."<ref name="OTTPlay">{{Cite web |last=Sundar |first=Anusha |title=Veduvan Series Review: Kanna Ravi-starrer walks tightrope between truth and fiction but slips and fumbles |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/veduvan-series-review-kanna-ravi-starrer-walks-tightrope-between-truth-and-fiction-but-slips-and-fumbles/6f7f65478b209 |access-date=10 October 2025 |website=OTTPlay}}</ref> Jonson of ''[[Puthiya Thalaimurai]]'' rated the series 1 out of 5 stars, stating that "the only consolation of this series is that it is spread over seven episodes and runs for a total of two hours. Overall, if they had added new and interesting things, this ''Veduvan'' would have kept me interested."<ref name="PuthiyaThalaimurai">{{Cite web |last=Jonson |title=Veduvan Web Series Review |url=https://www.puthiyathalaimurai.com/cinema/ott-thiraiparvai/veduvan-web-series-review |access-date=10 October 2025 |website=Puthiya Thalaimurai}}</ref> ''Cinema Inbox'' wrote that "being an actor, Kanna Ravi has got the opportunity to play various roles in this series. Kanna Ravi, who perfectly carries himself in all the varied characters including a police officer, beggar, and cook, delivers an impressive performance."<ref name="CinemaInbox">{{Cite web |title=Veduvan Web Series Review |url=https://www.cinemainbox.com/new-movie-reviews/veduvan-web-series-review-1255.html |access-date=10 October 2025 |website=Cinema Inbox}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=38351349}}
* ''[https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/veduvan/0-6-4z5825754 Veduvan]'' on [[ZEE5]]

{{ZEE5 Tamil original programming}}
[[Category:Tamil-language web series]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]
[[Category:2025 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language thriller television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language crime television series]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]

Gawan, Giridih

2025-12-02T11:58:18Z

JoannaCostantino: slightly improve intro per standard format further and improved wording to improve readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
''See [[Gawan (disambiguation)]] for disambiguation''
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gawan
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord| 24.621333|N|85.946432|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Giridih district|Giridih]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank = 1
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 7,458
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages(*For language details see [[Gawan block#Language and religion]])
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 815313 (Gawan)
| area_code_type = Telephone/ STD code
| area_code = 06556
| registration_plate = JH 11
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kodarma (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kodarma]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Dhanwar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhanwar]]
| website = {{URL|giridih.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Gawan''' is a village in the [[Gawan block|Gawan]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Khori Mahuwa subdivision]] of the [[Giridih district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=310| height=480| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|24|19|0|N|86|10|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the Giridih district in North Chotanagpur Division''' M: municipality, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious/ tourist centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|24|6|36|N|86|28|51|E}} | label-pos1=bottom|label1= Ahilyapur | numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Ahilyapur]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|55|24|N|86|2|38|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2= Nimiaghat| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Asurbandh]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|5|30|N|85|49|50|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Bagodar| numbered3=R| mark-title3=[[Bagodar]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|24|18|6|N|86|21|39|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Bengabad| numbered4=R| mark-title4=[[Bengabad]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|24|35|39|N|86|13|28|E}} | label-pos5=top|label5= Bhelwaghati| numbered5=R| mark-title5=[[Bhelwaghati]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|24|16|28|N|85|55|31|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Birni| numbered6=R| mark-title6=[[Birni, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|24|30|51|N|86|11|40|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Deori| numbered7=R| mark-title7=[[Deori, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|59|20|N|85|59|30|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Dumri| numbered8=R| mark-title8=[[Dumri, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|24|11|30|N|86|26|20|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Gandey| numbered9=R| mark-title9=[[Gandey]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|24|37|16|N|85|56|47|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Gawan| numbered10=R| mark-title10=Gawan, Giridih (R)|shape-color10=black| label-size10=13|label-color10=black 
|mark-coord11={{coord|24|3|50|N|85|52|48|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Hesla| numbered11=R| mark-title11=[[Hesla]] (R)
|mark-coord12={{coord|24|22|13|N|86|8|51|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Jamua| numbered12=R| mark-title12=[[Jamua]] (R)
|mark-coord13={{coord|24|27|49|N|86|0|15|E}} | label-pos13=top|label13= Khori Mahua| numbered13=R| mark-title13=[[Khori Mahua]] (R)
|mark-coord14={{coord|24|0|26|N|86|13|24|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Khukhra| numbered14=R| mark-title14=[[Khukhra]] (R)
|mark-coord15={{coord|24|27|10|N|86|2|51|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Hirodih| numbered15=R| mark-title15=[[Pandedih]] (R)
|mark-coord16={{coord|24|4|0|N|86|9|47|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Pirtand| numbered16=R| mark-title16=[[Pirtand]] (R)
|mark-coord17={{coord|24|11|13|N|85|53|29|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Suriya| numbered17=R| mark-title17=[[Suriya, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord18={{coord|24|3|4|N|86|26|0|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Taratanr| numbered18=R| mark-title18=[[Taratanr]] (R)
|mark-coord19={{coord|24|34|28|N|86|3|32|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Tisri| numbered19=R| mark-title19=[[Tisri, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord20={{coord|24|12|30|N|86|18|20|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Giridih| numbered20=M| mark-title20= [[Giridih]] (M) |label-size21=13 |label-color20=#800000
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|57|40|N|86|8|13|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Shikharji| numbered21=H| mark-title21=[[Shikharji]] (H) | shape-color21=#AA6666
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|57|0|N|86|10|0|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Pareshath Hill| numbered22=H| mark-title22=[[Pareshnath Hill]] (H) | shape-color22=#AA6666
|mark-coord23={{coord|24|0|25|N|86|8|46|E}} | label-pos23=top|label23= Madhuban| numbered23=H| mark-title23=[[Madhuban, Giridih]] (H) | shape-color23=#AA6666
|mark-coord24={{coord|24|25|24|N|86|9|57|E}} | label-pos24=right|label24= Kharagdiha| numbered24=H| mark-title24=[[Kharagdiha]] (H) | shape-color24=#AA6666
|mark-coord25={{coord|24|5|47|N|86|22|14|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Usri Falls| numbered25=H| mark-title25=[[Usri Falls]] (H) | shape-color25=#AA6666
|mark-coord26={{coord|24|8|20|N|86|16|30|E}} | label-pos26=left|label26=Giridih coalfield |numbered26=0 | mark-title26=[[Giridih Coalfield]] | label-size26=12| shape-color26=#AA6666
|mark-coord27={{coord|24|10|13|N|86|16|15|E}}| label-pos27=left|label27=Akdoni Khurd| numbered27=CT| mark-title27= [[Akdoni Khurd]] (CT) |shape-color27= #A40000
|mark-coord28={{coord|24|9|50|N|85|53|20|E}}| label-pos28=bottom|label28=Barki Saraiya| numbered28=CT| mark-title28= [[Barki Saraiya]] (CT) |shape-color28= #A40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|24|8|50|N|86|18|28|E}}| label-pos29=right|label29=Dandidih| numbered29=CT| mark-title29= [[Dandidih]] (CT) |shape-color29= #A40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|24|25|12|N|85|58|48|E}}| label-pos30=left|label30=Dhanwar| numbered30=CT| mark-title30= [[Dhanwar, Giridih]] (CT) |shape-color30= #A40000
|mark-coord31={{coord|23|59|14|N|86|1|48|E}}| label-pos31=right|label31=Isri| numbered31=CT| mark-title31= [[Isri]] (CT) |shape-color31= #A40000
|mark-coord32={{coord|24|0|50|N|86|0|52|E}}| label-pos32=left|label32=Jamtara| numbered32=CT| mark-title32= [[Jamtara, Giridih]] (CT) |shape-color32= #A40000
|mark-coord33={{coord|24|14|0|N|86|24|18|E}}| label-pos33=top|label33=Maheshmunda| numbered33=CT| mark-title33= [[Maheshmunda]] (CT) |shape-color33= #A40000
|mark-coord34={{coord|24|10|0|N|86|18|27|E}}| label-pos34=right|label34=Paratdih| numbered34=CT| mark-title34= [[Paratdih]] (CT) |shape-color34= #A40000
|mark-coord35={{coord|24|7|30|N|86|19|10|E}}| label-pos35=right|label35=Pertodih| numbered35=CT| mark-title35= [[Pertodih]] (CT) |shape-color35= #A40000
|mark-coord36={{coord|24|14|0|N|86|17|35|E}}| label-pos36=left|label36=Sirsia| numbered36=CT| mark-title36= [[Sirsia]] (CT) |shape-color36= #A40000
|mark-coord37={{coord|24|12|15|N|86|15|27|E}}| label-pos37=left|label37=Telodih| numbered37=CT| mark-title37= [[Telodih]] (CT) |shape-color37= #A40000
|mark-coord38={{coord|24|8|30|N|86|1|0|E}} |label38= Barakar|labela38= River |label-color38 = #77A1CB| label-angle38= -10| label-pos38=top| label-size38=10| mark-size38=0| mark-title38 =none
|mark-coord39={{coord|24|0|0|N|85|49|20|E}} |label39= Jamunia|labela39= River|label-color39 = #77A1CB| label-angle39= -50| label-pos39=top| label-size39=10| mark-size39=0| mark-title39 =none
|mark-coord40={{coord|24|33|0|N|86|0|0|E}} |label40= Sakri River|label-color40 = #77A1CB| label-angle40= 20| label-pos40=top| label-size40=10| mark-size40=0| mark-title40 =none
|mark-coord41={{coord|24|39|19|N|86|0|17|E}} | label-pos41=left|label41= Lokainayanpur| numbered41=R| mark-title41=[[Lokainayanpur]] (R)
|mark-coord42={{coord|24|23|25|N|86|10|24|E}} | label-pos42=right|label42= Mirzaganj| numbered42=R| mark-title42=[[Mirzaganj]] (R)
|mark-coord43={{coord|24|20|28|N|86|1|4|E}} | label-pos43=left|label43= Jharkhand|labela43= Dham| numbered43=H| mark-title43=[[Jharkhand Dham]] (H) | shape-color43=#AA6666
|arc-coordA={{coord|24|48|0|N|85|50|0|E}}|arc-textA= BIHAR| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-35| arc-gapA=15.0| arc-radiusA=0.35}}

===Location===
Gawan is located at {{coord| 24.621333|N|85.946432|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
Giridih district is a part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]], with rocky soil and extensive forests. Most of the rivers in the district flow from the west to east, except in the northern portion where the rivers flow north and north west. The [[Pareshnath Hill]] rises to a height of {{convert|4479|ft}}. The district has coal and mica mines. It is an overwhelmingly rural district with small pockets of urbanisation. <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2004_PART_A_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title = District Census Handbook 2011 Giridih, Series 21, Part XII A| work = Natural Divisions, Forests: pages 8 and 9 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | accessdate = 15 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-JK.html |title = 2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= Jharkhand – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 23 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://desjharkhand.nic.in/publications.html | title = District Statistical Handbook, Giridih | work = Tables 2.1, 2.4, 2.6 | publisher = Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Planning and Development, Jharkhand | accessdate = 23 September 2017 }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Gawan had a total population of 7,458, of which 3,917 (53%) were males and 3,541 (47%) were females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 1,442. The total number of literates in Gawan was 4,032 (67.02% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-JK.html |title = 2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= Jharkhand – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 28 November 2017}}</ref>

==Civic administration==
===Police station===
Gawan police station has jurisdiction over the [[Gawan block|Gawan]] CD block.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://desjharkhand.nic.in/publications.html | title = District Statistical Handbook, Giridih | work = Tables 2.1, 2.4 | publisher = Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Planning and Development, Jharkhand | accessdate = 28 November 2017 }}</ref> According to old British records, Gawan PS was there after [[Giridih Sadar subdivision#History|Giridh subdivision]] was formed in 1870. Prior to that it had a zaminday thana.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2004_PART_A_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Giridih, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Pages 5-7 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| accessdate = 2 December 2017}}</ref>

===CD block HQ===
The headquarters of the [[Gawan block|Gawan]] CD block are located at Gawan village.<ref name=dchb1>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2004_PART_B_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title= 2011 District Census Handbook Giridih, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Map on Page 3 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| accessdate = 28 November 2017}}</ref><ref name=admin>{{cite web| url = http://giridih.nic.in/block.html |title = Giridih |publisher= District Administration, Giridih | accessdate = 28 November 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

{{Giridih District}}

[[Category:Villages in Giridih district]]

Dadalikavada

2025-11-22T05:03:49Z

JoannaCostantino: enhanced citations for clarity per standard format

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dadalikavada
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = telugu
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.6665|N|82.0133|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = East Godavari
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.27
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 161
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 127
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Dadalikavada''' is a village in [[Y. Ramavaram Mandal]], [[East Godavari district]] in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mandal wise list of villages in East Godavari district|url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/eastgodavari.pdf|website=Chief Commissioner of Land Administration|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=7 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121141044/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/EastGodavari.pdf|archivedate=21 January 2015|format=PDF}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]], This Village had a population of 161, out of which 86 were male and 75 were female. Population of children below 6 years of age were 7%. The literacy rate of the village is 43%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2814_PART_A_DCHB_EAST%20GODAVARI.pdf|title= Dadalikavada Village Census 2011}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{East Godavari district}}

[[Category:Villages in Y. Ramavaram mandal]]

{{EastGodavari-geo-stub}}

IIFA Award for Best Film

2025-11-19T12:27:29Z

JoannaCostantino: cleanup page further

{{Short description|Annual film award in India}}
{{About|the award category|the main function|IIFA Awards}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox award
| name = [[IIFA Award]] for Best Film
| image =
| awarded_for = Best Film of the Year
| presenter = International Indian Film Academy
| country = [[India]]
| year = 2000 (for films released in 1999)
| holder = ''[[Laapataa Ladies]]'' ([[25th IIFA Awards|2025]])
| website = [http://www.iifa.com/web07/cntnt/iifa.htm iifa.com]
}}

The '''IIFA Award for Best Film''' is chosen via a worldwide poll and the winner is announced at the ceremony. [[UTV Motion Pictures]] won 3 awards each, followed by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] & [[Yash Chopra]] with 2 awards each.

==Winners and nominees==

{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|+ style="text-align:left" |<big>'''2000'''</big> (1st)
|- style="background:bebebe"
! width="33%"|Film
! width="33%"|Production company(s)
! width="33%"|Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam]]'''''
| '''[[SLB Films]] & Jhamu Sughand Productions'''
| '''[[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], [[Jhamu Sughand]]'''
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Biwi No.1]]'''''
| Puja Films
| [[Vashu Bhagnani]]
|-
| '''''[[Sarfarosh (1999 film)|Sarfarosh]]'''''
| Cinematt Pictures
| [[John Matthew Matthan]]
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Taal (film)|Taal]]'''''
| [[Mukta Arts]]
| [[Subhash Ghai]]
|-
| '''''[[Vaastav: The Reality]]'''''
| Adishakti Films
| Deepak Nikhalje
|}

{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|+ style="text-align:left" |<big>'''2001'''</big> (2nd)
|- style="background:#bebebe"
! width="33%"|Film
! width="33%"|Production company(s)
! width="33%"|Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]'''''
| '''Film Kraft'''
| '''[[Rakesh Roshan]]'''
|}

{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|+ style="text-align:left" |<big>'''2002'''</big> (3rd)
|- style="background:#bebebe"
! width="33%"|Film
! width="33%"|Production company(s)
! width="33%"|Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Lagaan]]'''''
| '''Aamir Khan Productions, [[Ashutosh Gowariker|Ashutosh Gowariker Productions]], [[Jhamu Sughand]] Productions'''
| '''[[Aamir Khan]]'''
|}

{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|+ style="text-align:left" |<big>'''[[Bollywood films of 2002|2003]]'''</big> (4th)
|- style="background:#bebebe"
! width="33%"|Film
! width="33%"|Production company(s)
! width="33%"|Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]'''''
| '''Mega Bollywood'''
| '''[[Satish Kaushik]]'''
|}

{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|+ style="text-align:left" |<big>'''2004'''</big> (5th)
|- style="background:#bebebe"
! width="33%"|Film
! width="33%"|Production company(s)
! width="33%"|Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]'''''
| '''[[Dharma Productions]]'''
| '''[[Yash Johar]]'''
|}

{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|+ style="text-align:left" |<big>'''2005'''</big> (6th)
|- style="background:#bebebe"
! width="33%"|Film
! width="33%"|Production company(s)
! width="33%"|Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Veer-Zaara]]'''''
| '''[[Yash Raj Films]]'''
| '''[[Aditya Chopra]], [[Yash Chopra]]'''
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Dhoom]]'''''
| rowspan="2" | Yash Raj Films
| [[Aditya Chopra]]
|-
| '''''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]'''''
| [[Yash Chopra]]
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Main Hoon Na]]'''''
| [[Red Chillies Entertainment]]
| [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]], [[Gauri Khan]]
|-
| '''''[[Mujhse Shaadi Karogi]]'''''
| [[Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment]]
| [[Sajid Nadiadwala]]
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Swades]]'''''
| [[Ashutosh Gowariker|Ashutosh Gowariker Productions]]
| [[Ashutosh Gowariker]], [[Ronnie Screwvala]]
|}

{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|+ style="text-align:left" |<big>'''[[Bollywood films of 2005|2006]]'''</big> (7th)
|- style="background:#bebebe"
! width="33%"|Film
! width="33%"|Production company(s)
! width="33%"|Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Black (2005 film)|Black]]'''''
| '''Applause Entertainment'''
| '''[[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], Anshuman Swami'''
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]'''''
| [[Yash Raj Films]]
| [[Aditya Chopra]], [[Yash Chopra]]
|-
| '''''[[Iqbal (film)|Iqbal]]'''''
| Mukta Searchlight Films
| [[Subhash Ghai]]
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[No Entry]]'''''
| S K Films Enterprises, [[Sahara One]]
| [[Boney Kapoor]], [[Surinder Kapoor]]
|-
| '''''[[Page 3 (film)|Page 3]]'''''
| Light House Films Pvt. Ltd., [[Sahara One]]
| Baldev Pushkarna, Bobby Pushkarna
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Parineeta (2005 film)|Parineeta]]'''''
| [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra|Vinod Chopra Productions]]
| [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]
|}

{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|+ style="text-align:left" |<big>'''[[Bollywood films of 2006|2007]]'''</big> (8th)
|- style="background:#bebebe"
! width="33%"|Film
! width="33%"|Production company(s)
! width="33%"|Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Rang De Basanti]]'''''
| '''[[UTV Motion Pictures]]'''
| '''[[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]], [[Ronnie Screwvala]]'''
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Dhoom 2]]'''''
| [[Yash Raj Films]], [[AMC Entertainment]]
| [[Aditya Chopra]], [[Aashish Singh]]
|-
| '''''[[Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna]]'''''
| [[Dharma Productions]]
| Hiroo Johar
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Krrish]]'''''
| Filmkraft Productions
| [[Rakesh Roshan]]
|-
| '''''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'''''
| [[Vinod Chopra Productions]]
| [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Vivah]]'''''
| [[Rajshri Productions]]
| Ajit Kumar Barjatya, Kamal Kumar Barjatya, Rajkumar Barjatya
|}

{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|+ style="text-align:left" |<big>'''[[Bollywood films of 2007|2008]]'''</big> (9th)
|- style="background:#bebebe"
! width="33%"|Film
! width="33%"|Production company(s)
! width="33%"|Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Chak De! India]]'''''
| '''[[Yash Raj Films]]'''
| '''[[Aditya Chopra]], [[Yash Chopra]]'''
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Guru (2007 film)|Guru]]'''''
| [[Madras Talkies]]
| [[Mani Ratnam]], G. Srinivasan
|-
| '''''[[Jab We Met]]'''''
| [[Shree Ashtavinayak Cine Vision Ltd]]
| [[Dhillin Mehta]]
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Life in a... Metro]]'''''
| [[UTV Motion Pictures]]
| [[Ronnie Screwvala]]
|-
| '''''[[Om Shanti Om]]'''''
| [[Red Chillies Entertainment]]
| [[Gauri Khan]]
|}

{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|+ style="text-align:left" |<big>'''[[Bollywood films of 2008|2009]]'''</big> ([[10th IIFA Awards|10th]])
|- style="background:#bebebe"
! width="33%"|Film
! width="33%"|Production company(s)
! width="33%"|Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]'''''
| '''[[UTV Motion Pictures]], Ashutosh Gowariker Productions'''
| '''[[Ronnie Screwvala]], [[Ashutosh Gowariker]]'''
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[A Wednesday!]]'''''
| [[UTV Motion Pictures]], Anjum Rizvi Film Company, A Friday Filmworks
| [[Ronnie Screwvala]], Shital Bhatia, Anjum Rizvi
|-
| '''''[[Dostana (2008 film)|Dostana]]'''''
| [[Dharma Productions]], [[Yash Raj Films]]
| [[Yash Johar]], [[Karan Johar]]
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]'''''
| [[Geetha Arts]], [[Reliance Entertainment]]
| Tagore Madhu, Madhu Mantena
|-
| '''''[[Race (2008 film)|Race]]'''''
| [[Tips Music Films]], [[UTV Motion Pictures]]
| [[Ramesh Taurani|Ramesh Taurani, Kumar Taurani]]
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Rock On!!]]'''''
| [[Excel Entertainment (Hindi cinema)|Excel Entertainment]], [[Reliance Big Pictures]]
| [[Farhan Akhtar]], [[Ritesh Sidhwani]]
|}

===2010's===

{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|+ style="text-align:left" |<big>'''[[Bollywood films of 2009|2010]]'''</big> ([[2010 IIFA Awards|11th]])
|- style="background:#bebebe"
! width="33%"|Film
! width="33%"|Production company(s)
! width="33%"|Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[3 Idiots]]'''''
| '''[[Vinod Chopra Productions]]'''
| '''[[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]'''
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Dev.D]]'''''
| [[UTV Motion Pictures|UTV Spot Boy]], Bindass
| rowspan="2" | [[Ronnie Screwvala]]
|-
| '''''[[Kaminey]]'''''
| [[UTV Motion Pictures]]
|-
|[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|'''''Love Aaj Kal''''']]
|[[Illuminati Films]] and [[Eros International]]
|[[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Dinesh Vijan]]
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]'''''
| [[Reliance Big Pictures]], MAD Entertainment Ltd., [[Amitabh Bachchan Corporation]]
| [[Sunil Manchanda]]
|-
| '''''[[Wanted (2009 film)|Wanted]]'''''
| Sahara One Motion Pictures, S K Films Enterprises
| [[Boney Kapoor]]
|}

{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|+ style="text-align:left" |<big>'''[[Bollywood films of 2010|2011]]'''</big> ([[2011 IIFA Awards|12th]])
|- style="background:#bebebe"
! width="33%"|Film
! width="33%"|Production company(s)
! width="33%"|Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Dabangg]]'''''
| '''[[Shree Ashtavinayak Cine Vision Ltd]], [[Arbaaz Khan|Arbaaz Khan Productions]]'''
| '''[[Arbaaz Khan]], [[Malaika Arora Khan]], [[Dhillin Mehta]]'''
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Band Baaja Baaraat]]'''''
| [[Yash Raj Films]]
| [[Aditya Chopra]]
|-
| '''''[[My Name Is Khan]]'''''
| [[Dharma Productions]], [[Fox Star Studios]], [[Red Chillies Entertainment]]
| Hiroo Johar, [[Gauri Khan]]
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]]'''''
| [[Balaji Telefilms|Balaji Motion Pictures]]
| [[Ekta Kapoor]], [[Shobha Kapoor]]
|-
| '''''[[Raajneeti]]'''''
| Prakash Jha Productions, Walkwater Media, [[UTV Motion Pictures]]
| [[Prakash Jha]]
|}
{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|+ style="text-align:left" |<big>'''[[Bollywood films of 2011|2012]]'''</big> ([[13th IIFA Awards|13th]])
|- style="background:#bebebe"
! width="33%"|Film
! width="33%"|Production company(s)
! width="33%"|Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]'''''
| '''[[Eros International]], [[Excel Entertainment]], [[UTV Motion Pictures]]'''
| '''[[Farhan Akhtar]], [[Ritesh Sidhwani]]'''
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film)|Bodyguard]]'''''
| Funky Buddha Productions, [[Reel Life Productions]], [[Reliance Entertainment]]
| [[Atul Agnihotri]]
|-
| '''''[[No One Killed Jessica]]'''''
| [[UTV Motion Pictures|UTV Spotboy]]
| [[Ronnie Screwvala]]
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]'''''
| [[Shree Ashtavinayak Cine Vision Ltd]], [[Eros International]]
| Sunil Lulla, [[Dhilin Mehta]]
|-
| '''''[[The Dirty Picture]]'''''
| ALT Entertainment, [[Balaji Motion Pictures]]
| [[Ekta Kapoor]], [[Shobha Kapoor]]
|}
{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|+ style="text-align:left" |<big>'''[[Bollywood films of 2012|2013]]'''</big> ([[14th IIFA Awards|14th]])
|- style="background:#bebebe"
! width="33%"|Film
! width="33%"|Production company(s)
! width="33%"|Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Barfi!]]'''''
| '''[[UTV Motion Pictures]]'''
| '''[[Ronnie Screwvala]], [[Siddharth Roy Kapur]]'''
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[English Vinglish]]'''''
| [[Eros International]], Hope Productions
| Sunil Lulla, R. Balki, [[Rakesh Jhunjhunwala]], R. K. Damani
|-
| '''''[[Gangs of Wasseypur]]'''''
| [[Viacom 18 Motion Pictures]]
| Atul Shukla, [[Anurag Kashyap]], [[Sunil Bohra]]
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Kahaani]]'''''
| Viacom 18 Motion Pictures, Pen India Pvt.Ltd, Boundscript Motion Pictures
| [[Sujoy Ghosh]], Kushal Kantilal Gada
|-
| '''''[[Paan Singh Tomar (film)|Paan Singh Tomar]]'''''
| UTV Motion Pictures
| Ronnie Screwvala
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Talaash: The Answer Lies Within]]'''''
| [[Excel Entertainment]], Aamir Khan Productions, [[Reliance Entertainment]]
| [[Ritesh Sidhwani]], [[Aamir Khan]], [[Farhan Akhtar]]
|-
| '''''[[Vicky Donor]]'''''
| [[John Abraham Entertainment]], Eros International
| [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]]
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|+ style="text-align:left" |<big>'''[[Bollywood films of 2013|2014]]'''</big> ([[15th IIFA Awards|15th]])
|- style="background:#bebebe"
! width="33%"|Film
! width="33%"|Production company(s)
! width="33%"|Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'''''
| '''[[Reliance Entertainment]]'''
| '''[[Viacom 18]], [[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]]'''
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Dhoom 3]]'''''
| [[Yash Raj Films]]
| [[Aditya Chopra]]
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'''''
| [[UTV Motion Pictures]], [[Dharma Productions]]
| [[Karan Johar]]
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'''''
| [[Eros International]]
| [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], Chetan Deolekar, Kishore Lulla, Sandeep Singh
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Krrish 3]]'''''
| [[Filmkraft Productions Pvt. Ltd]]
| [[Rakesh Roshan]]
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Kai Po Che!]]'''''
| rowspan="2" | [[UTV Motion Pictures]]
| [[Ronnie Screwvala]], [[Siddharth Roy Kapur]]
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Chennai Express]]'''''
| [[Gauri Khan]], [[Ronnie Screwvala]], [[Siddharth Roy Kapur]]
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|+ style="text-align:left" |<big>'''[[Bollywood films of 2014|2015]]'''</big> ([[16th IIFA Awards|16th]])
|- style="background:#bebebe"
! width="33%"|Film
! width="33%"|Production company(s)
! width="33%"|Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]'''''
| '''[[Phantom Films]]'''
| '''[[Anurag Kashyap]], [[Vikramaditya Motwane]]'''
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[2 States (2014 film)|2 States]]'''''
| rowspan="7" | [[UTV Motion Pictures]]
| [[Karan Johar]] and [[Sajid Nadiadwala]]
|-
|
|
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Haider (film)|Haider]]'''''
| [[Vishal Bhardwaj]] and [[Siddharth Roy Kapur]]
|-
|
|
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Highway (2014 Hindi film)|Highway]]'''''
| [[Sajid Nadiadwala]], [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]]
|-
|
|
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[PK (film)|PK]]'''''
| [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]], [[Rajkumar Hirani]]
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Mary Kom]]'''''
| [[Viacom18]]
| [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|+ style="text-align:left" |<big>'''[[Bollywood films of 2015|2016]]'''</big> ([[17th IIFA Awards|17th]])
|- style="background:#bebe"
! width="33%"|Film
! width="33%"|Production company(s)
! width="33%"|Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]'''''
|'''[[Salman Khan|Salman Khan Films]]''', '''[[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan Films]]'''
|''' [[Salman Khan]], [[Rockline Venkatesh]]'''
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'''''
| Bhansali Productions
| [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], Kishore Lulla
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Piku]]'''''
| [[Multi Screen Media|MSM Motion Pictures]], Saraswati Entertainment
| N.P. Singh, Ronnie Lahiri, Sneha Rajani
|-
|
|
|
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Talvar (film)|Talvar]]'''''
| VB Pictures
| Vineet Jain, [[Vishal Bhardwaj]]
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Tanu Weds Manu Returns]]'''''
| [[Colour Yellow]]
| Krishika Lulla, Sunil Lulla
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|+ style="text-align:left" |<big>'''[[Bollywood films of 2016|2017]]'''</big> ([[18th IIFA Awards|18th]])
|- style="background:#bebe"
! width="33%"|Film
! width="33%"|Production company(s)
! width="33%"|Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Neerja]]'''''
| '''[[Fox Star Studios]]'''
|'''[[Atul Kasbekar]], Shanti Sivaram Maini'''
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil]]'''''
| [[Dharma Productions]]
| [[Karan Johar]], Hiroo Yash Chopra, Apoorva Mehta
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story]]'''''
| [[Fox Star Studios]], [[Friday FilmWorks]], Inspired Entertainment
| Arun Pandey
|-
|
|
|
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Pink (2016 film)|Pink]]'''''
| Rashmi Sharma Telefilms Limited
| Ronnie Lahiri, Sheel Kuma
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Sultan (2016 film)|Sultan]]'''''
| [[Yash Raj Films]]
| [[Aditya Chopra]]
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Udta Punjab]]'''''
| [[Balaji Motion Pictures]], [[Phantom Films]]
| [[Shobha Kapoor]], [[Ekta Kapoor]], [[Anurag Kashyap]], [[Vikramaditya Motwane]], Aman Gill, [[Vikas Bahl]], [[Sameer Nair]], [[Madhu Mantena]]
|-
|}

<big>'''[[List of Bollywood films of 2017|2018]]'''</big> '''([[19th IIFA Awards|19th]])'''
{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|- style="background:#bebe"
! width="33%" |Film
! width="33%" |Production company(s)
! width="33%" |Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Tumhari Sulu]]'''''
|'''T-Series, Ellipsis Entertainment'''
|'''[[Bhushan Kumar]], Tanuj Garg, [[Atul Kasbekar]], Shanti Sivaram Maini'''
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Bareilly Ki Barfi]]'''''
| Junglee Pictures, BR Studios
|Vineet Jain, Renu Ravi
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Hindi Medium]]'''''
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]], Maddock Films
| [[Dinesh Vijan]], [[Bhushan Kumar]], Krishan Kumar
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Newton (film)|Newton]]'''''
| [[Drishyam Films]]
|Manish Mundra
|-
|
|
|
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Toilet: Ek Prem Katha]]'''''
|[[Viacom 18 Motion Pictures]], [[KriArj Entertainment]], [[Friday Filmworks]], [[Plan C Studios]], Cape of Good Films LLP
| Aruna Bhatia, Shital Bhatia, Prernaa Arora, Arjun N. Kapoor, Hitesh Thakkar
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
|}

<big>'''[[List of Bollywood films of 2018|2019]]'''</big> '''([[20th IIFA Awards|20th]])'''
{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|- style="background:#bebe"
! width="33%" |Film
! width="33%" |Production company(s)
! width="33%" |Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Raazi]]'''''
| '''[[Dharma Productions]], Junglee Pictures '''
|''' Vineet Jain, [[Karan Johar]] '''
|-
|-style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Andhadhun]]'''''
|[[Viacom 18 Motion Pictures]], Matchbox Pictures
|Sudhanshu Vats, [[Ajit Andhare]], Gaurav Nanda, Ashok Vasodia, Kewal Garg, Sanjay Routray
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Badhaai Ho]]'''''
|[[Junglee Pictures]], Chrome Pictures
|[[Vineet Jain]], Hemant Bhandari, [[Aleya Sen]], Amit Ravindernath Sharma, Sushil Choudhary
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
|'''''[[Padmaavat]]'''''
|[[Bhansali Productions]], [[Viacom18 Motion Pictures]]
|[[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], Sudhanshu Vats, [[Ajit Andhare]]
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
|'''''[[Sanju]]'''''
|[[Rajkumar Hirani Films]], [[Vinod Chopra Films]]
|[[Rajkumar Hirani]]. [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]
|}
===2020's===
<big>'''[[List of Bollywood films of 2019|2020]]'''</big> '''([[21st IIFA Awards|21st]])'''<ref>{{cite news |title=IIFA Awards 2020 - Popular Award Winners |url=https://iifa.com/blog/blog-details/iifa-awards-2020---popular-award-winners |access-date=28 November 2021 |website=[[IIFA Awards]] |date=25 November 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126055921/https://iifa.com/blog/blog-details/iifa-awards-2020---popular-award-winners |archive-date=26 November 2021 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|- style="background:#bebe"
! width="33%" |Film
! width="33%" |Production company(s)
! width="33%" |Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Kabir Singh]]'''''
| '''[[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]]'''
| '''[[Bhushan Kumar]], [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]], Murad Khetani, Ashwin Varde'''
|-
|-style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Article 15 (film)|Article 15]]'''''
|[[Anubhav Sinha|Benaras Media Works]], [[Zee Studios]]
|Anubhav Sinha
|-
|-style="background:#EEEEEE"
|'''''[[Gully Boy]]'''''
|[[Excel Entertainment]], [[Tiger Baby Films]]
|[[Farhan Akhtar]], Zoya Akhtar, [[Ritesh Sidhwani]]
|-
|-style="background:#EEEEEE"
|'''''[[Kesari (2019 film)|Kesari]]'''''
|[[Dharma Productions]], [[Zee Studios]], [[Cape of Good Films]], Azure Entertainment
|Aruna Bhatia, Karan Johar, Hiroo Yash Johar, Apoorva Mehta, Sunir Khetarpal
|-
|-style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]'''''
|[[RSVP Movies]]
|[[Ronnie Screwvala]]
|}

<big>'''[[List of Bollywood films of 2021|2022]]'''</big> '''([[22nd IIFA Awards|22nd]])'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=IIFA Awards 2022 complete list of winners: Vicky Kaushal, Kriti Sanon win top acting honours |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-iifa-awards-2022-complete-list-of-winners-vicky-kaushal-kriti-sanon-win-top-acting-honours-2958025 |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|- style="background:#bebe"
! width="33%" |Film
! width="33%" |Production company(s)
! width="33%" |Producer(s)
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
| '''''[[Shershaah]]'''''
| '''[[Dharma Productions]], Kaash Entertainment'''
| '''Hiroo Yash Johar, [[Karan Johar]], Apoorva Mehta, [[Shabbir Boxwala]], Ajay Shah, Himanshu Gandhi'''
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| ''[[83 (film)|'''83''']]''
|[[Reliance Entertainment]], [[Phantom Studios|Phantom Films]], Vibri Media, KA Productions, [[Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment]]
|[[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan Films]], [[Vishnu Vardhan Induri]], [[Sajid Nadiadwala]], [[Reliance Entertainment]], [[Deepika Padukone]]
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
|'''''[[Sardar Udham]]'''''
|[[Rising Sun Films]], Kino Works
|Ronnie Lahiri, Sheel Kumar
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
|''[[Tanhaji|'''Tanhaji: The Unsung Warrior''']]''
|[[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], [[Ajay Devgn FFilms]]
|[[Ajay Devgn]], [[Bhushan Kumar]], [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]]
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Thappad]]'''''
|[[Benaras Media Works]], [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]]
|[[Bhushan Kumar]], [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]], Anubhav Sinha
|}
<big>'''[[List of Hindi films of 2022|2023]]'''</big> '''([[23rd IIFA Awards|23rd]])'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/iifa-2023-nominations-announced-brahmastra-gangubai-kathiawadi-bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-lead-the-list-8345858/lite/|title=IIFA 2023 nominations announced: Brahmastra, Gangubai Kathiawadi and Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2 lead the list|website=The Indian Express|date=27 December 2022|access-date=27 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=IIFA Awards 2023 Winners |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/film-tv/2023/05/27/winners-at-iifa-awards-2023-in-abu-dhabi/}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|- style="background:#bebe"
! width="33%" |Film
! width="33%" |Production company(s)
! width="33%" |Producer(s)
|-
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
|'''''[[Drishyam 2]]'''''
| '''[[Panorama Studios]], [[Viacom18 Studios]], [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]]'''
| '''[[Bhushan Kumar]], [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]], [[Kumar Mangat Pathak]], Abhishek Pathak'''
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]'''''
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], Cine1 Studios
| [[Bhushan Kumar]], Murad Khetani, [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]], Anjum Khetani
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| ''[[Darlings (film)|'''Darlings''']]''
| [[Red Chillies Entertainment]], Eternal Sunshine Productions
| [[Gauri Khan]], [[Alia Bhatt]], Gaurav Verma
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
|'''''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]'''''
| Bhansali Productions, [[Pen India Limited]]
| [[Jayantilal Gada]], [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| ''[[Vikram Vedha (2022 film)|'''Vikram Vedha''']]''
| [[YNOT Studios]]
| Bhansali Productions, [[Pen India Limited]]
|}
<big>'''[[List of Hindi films of 2023|2024]]'''</big> '''([[24th IIFA Awards|24th]])'''
{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|- style="background:#bebe"
! width="33%" |Film
! width="33%" |Production company(s)
! width="33%" |Producer(s)
|-
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
|[[Animal (2023 Indian film)|'''''Animal''''']]
| '''[[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], Bhadrakali Pictures, Cine1 Studios'''
| '''[[Bhushan Kumar]], [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]], Murad Khetani, Pranay Reddy Vanga'''
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[12th Fail]]'''''
| [[Vinod Chopra Films]]
| [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]], Yogesh Ishwar
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| [[Jawan (film)|'''''Jawan''''']]
| [[Red Chillies Entertainment]]
| [[Gauri Khan]], Gaurav Verma
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
|'''''[[Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani]]'''''
| [[Dharma Productions]], [[Viacom18 Studios]]
| Hiroo Yash Johar, [[Karan Johar]], Apoorva Mehta
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| [[Sam Bahadur (film)|'''''Sam Bahadur''''']]
| [[RSVP Movies]]
| [[Ronnie Screwvala]]
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Satyaprem Ki Katha]]'''''
| [[Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment]], Namah Pictures
|[[Sajid Nadiadwala]], Shareen Mantri Kedia, Kishor Arora
|}
<big>'''[[List of Hindi films of 2024|2025]]'''</big> '''([[25th IIFA Awards|25th]])'''
{| class="wikitable" border="1" width="100%"
|- style="background:#bebe"
! width="33%" |Film
! width="33%" |Production company(s)
! width="33%" |Producer(s)
|-
|- style="background:#FAEB86"
|'''''[[Laapataa Ladies]]'''''
| '''[[Jio Platforms|Jio Studios]], [[Aamir Khan#Other works|Aamir Khan Productions]], Kindling Pictures'''
| '''[[Aamir Khan]], [[Kiran Rao]], [[Jyoti Deshpande]]'''
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| [[Article 370 (film)|'''''Article 370''''']]
|B62 Studios, [[Jio Platforms|Jio Studios]]
| [[Jyoti Deshpande]], [[Aditya Dhar]], Lokesh Dhar
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| '''''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]]'''''
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], Cine1 Studios
| [[Bhushan Kumar]], [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]], [[Murad Khetani]]
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
|[[Kill (film)|'''''Kill''''']]
| [[Dharma Productions]], [[Sikhya Entertainment]]
| Hiroo Yash Johar, [[Karan Johar]], Apoorva Mehta, [[Guneet Monga|Guneet Monga Kapoor]], Achin Jain
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| [[Shaitaan (2024 film)|'''''Shaitaan''''']]
| [[Jio Platforms|Jio Studios]], [[Devgn Films]], [[Panorama Studios]]
| [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Jyoti Deshpande]], [[Abhishek Pathak]], Kumar Mangat Pathak
|-
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
| [[Stree 2|'''''Stree 2: Sarkate Ka Aatank''''']]
| [[Maddock Films]], [[Jio Platforms|Jio Studios]]
| [[Dinesh Vijan]], [[Jyoti Deshpande]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090822183347/http://www.iifa.com/web07/cntnt/iifa.htm Official site]

{{IIFA Award for Best Movie}}
{{IIFA Awards}}

[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
[[Category:Awards for best film]]

Lucknow–Kasganj Passenger Train

2025-11-11T09:50:03Z

JoannaCostantino: Made first pg w/ refs

{{short description|Passenger train in India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=July 2021}}
{{notability|date=February 2022}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Lucknow–Kasganj Passenger
| image=
| caption =
| type = Passenger Train
| first =
| last =
| operator = [[North Eastern Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = [[Lucknow Junction railway station]]
| stops = 53
| end = [[Kasganj Junction railway station]]
| distance = {{convert|319|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 10 hours 15 minutes as 15055 from [[Agra Fort railway station|Agra Fort]] to [[Ramnagar railway station|Ramnagar]]
| frequency = All Days in a Week
| class = [[Indian Railways coaching stock|AC 2 tier]], [[Indian Railways coaching stock|AC 3 tier]], [[Indian Railways coaching stock|Sleeper class]]
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = N/A
| observation =
| entertainment = No
| baggage = No
| other facilities=
| stock = Standard [[Indian Railways]] coaches
| gauge =
| el =
| trainnumber = 55325 / 55326
| speed =
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The '''Lucknow–Kasganj Passenger''' (55325/55326) is a passenger train belonging to [[Indian Railways]]' [[North Eastern Railway zone]] that runs between [[Lucknow Junction railway station]] and [[Kasganj Junction railway station]] in [[India]]. Currently it is running all days in a week.<ref name='IRI'>{{cite web |last1=Anand |first1=Siddharth |title=55325/Lucknow Junction – Kasganj Passenger (UnReserved) – Lucknow Junction NER to Kasganj NER/North Eastern Zone – Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/7061 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>

== Schedule ==
The 55325 AF Lucknow–Kasganj Passenger leaves Lucknow on all days in a week at 04:30 hrs IST and reaches the Kasganj at 14:45 hrs IST. Total journey time: 10 hrs and 15 minutes.<ref name='IRI' />

== Route and halts ==
{{div col|colwidth=10em}}
*[[Manak Nagar railway station]]
*[[Amausi railway station]]
*[[Piparsand railway station]]
*[[Harauni railway station]]
*[[Jaitipur railway station]]
*[[Kusumbhi railway station]]
*[[Ajgain railway station]]
*[[Sonik railway station]]
*[[Unnao Junction railway station]]
*[[Magarwara railway station]]
*[[Kanpur Bridge Left Bank railway station]]
*[[Kanpur Central railway station]]
*[[Kanpur Anwarganj railway station]]
*[[Rawatpur railway station]]
*[[Kalianpur railway station]]
*[[Mandhana Junction railway station]]
*[[Chaubepur railway station]]
*[[Barrajpur railway station]]
*[[Utripura railway station]]
*[[Dhaursalar railway station]]
*[[Bilhaur railway station]]
*[[Bakothikhas railway station]]
*[[Araul Makanpur railway station]]
*[[Gangawapur Halt railway station]]
*[[Mani Mau railway station]]
*[[Kannauj railway station]]
*[[Kannauj City railway station]]
*[[Jalalpur Panwara railway station]]
*[[Jasoda railway station]]
*[[Khudlapur railway station]]
*[[GursahaiGanj railway station]]
*[[Malikpur railway station]]
*[[Khudaganj railway station]]
*[[Singhirampur railway station]]
*[[KamalGanj railway station]]
*[[Yaqutganj railway station]]
*[[Fatehgarh railway station]]
*[[Farrukhabad Junction railway station]]
*[[Harsingpur Goba railway station]]
*[[Shukarullahpur railway station]]
*[[Shamsabad railway station]]
*[[Bhatasa railway station]]
*[[Kaimganj railway station]]
*[[Kampil Road railway station]]
*[[Rudain railway station]]
*[[Ballupur railway station]]
*[[Daryaogonj railway station]]
*[[Narthar railway station]]
*[[Patiali railway station]]
*[[Ganj Dundwara railway station]]
*[[Garkha railway station]]
*[[Sahawar Town railway station]]
*[[Badhari Kalan railway station]]

{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lucknow-Kasganj Passenger}}
[[Category:Passenger trains originating from Lucknow]]
[[Category:North Eastern Railway zone]]

{{India-passenger-train-stub}}

1978 elections in India

2025-10-14T14:29:58Z

JoannaCostantino: fixed article for clarity and fixed typos per sources

{{Short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = Elections in India
| country = India
| previous_election = 1977 elections in India
| previous_year = 1977
| election_date = 1978
| next_election = 1979 elections in India
| next_year = 1979
}}
{{Politics of India}}

'''Elections in the Republic of India''' in ''1978'' included elections to seven state legislative assemblies.

==Overall result==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Date(s)
!State
!colspan="2"|Government before
!Chief Minister before
! colspan="2" |Government after
!Elected Chief Minister
!Maps
|-
|rowspan ="5"|25 February 1978
|[[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Andhra Pradesh]]
| {{Party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}
| align="left"|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|[[Jalagam Vengala Rao]]
| {{Party color cell|Indian National Congress (I)}}
| align="left"|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|[[Marri Channa Reddy]]
|[[File:IN-AP.svg|50px]]
|-
|[[1978 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Arunachal Pradesh]]
|colspan="3"|''New State was created''
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|[[Prem Khandu Thungan]]
|[[File:IN-AR.svg|50px]]
|-
| [[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election|Assam]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Sarat Chandra Sinha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|[[Golap Borbora]]
|[[File:IN-AS.svg|50px]]
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|Karnataka]]
| bgcolor="#000000" |
| colspan="2" align="center" |[[President's rule|President's Rule]]
| {{Party color cell|Indian National Congress (I)}}
| align="left"|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
| [[D. Devaraj Urs]]
| [[File:IN-KA.svg|50px]]
|-
|[[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|Meghalaya]]
|{{Full party name with color|All Party Hill Leaders Conference}}
|[[Williamson A. Sangma]]
|{{Full party name with color|All Party Hill Leaders Conference}}
|[[Darwin Diengdoh Pugh]]
|[[File:IN-ML.svg|50px]]
|-
|rowspan="2" |25 February 1978
|rowspan="2" |[[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|Maharashtra]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Vasantdada Patil]]
| {{Party color cell|Indian National Congress (I)}}
| align="left"|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Vasantdada Patil]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:IN-MH.svg|50px]]
|-
| {{Party color cell|Indian National Congress (Urs)}}
| align="left"|[[Indian National Congress (Urs)|Indian National Congress (U)]]
|-
|17 and 20 May 1978
|[[1978 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|Mizoram]]
|{{Full party name with color|Mizo Union}} (''contested as Independent'')
|[[C. Chhunga]]
|{{Full party name with color|Mizoram People's Conference}}
|[[T. Sailo]]
|[[File:IN-MZ.svg|50px]]
|}

==Legislative Assembly elections==
===Andhra Pradesh===
{{Main|1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election}}
{| class="wikitable"
|'''PARTY <ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Election Results, 1978, Andhra Pradesh|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4047-andhra-pradesh-1978/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515060714/https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/4047-andhra-pradesh-1978/ |archive-date=15 May 2019 }}</ref>'''
| colspan="3" |'''SEATS'''
| colspan="2" |'''VOTES POLLED'''
|'''VOTE % IN'''
|-
|'''NATIONAL PARTIES'''
|'''CONTESTED'''
|'''WON'''
|'''FD'''
|'''VOTES'''
|'''%'''
|'''SEATS'''
|-
|1. '''CPI'''
|31
|6
|12
|501452
|2.49%
|23.40%
|-
|2. '''CPM'''
|22
|8
|1
|546262
|2.71%
|34.65%
|-
|3. '''INC'''
|257
|30
|130
|3426850
|17.01%
|19.48%
|-
|4 . '''INC(I)'''
|290
|175
|18
|7908220
|39.25%
|39.69%
|-
|5 . '''JNP'''
|270
|60
|36
|5812532
|28.85%
|31.52%
|-
|'''STATE PARTIES'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|6. '''ADK'''
|9
|0
|9
|38691
|0.19%
|6.22%
|-
|7. '''DMK'''
|2
|0
|2
|6547
|0.03%
|4.12%
|-
| colspan="7" |'''REGISTERED (Unrecognised) PARTIES'''
|-
|8. '''BCM'''
|2
|0
|2
|2123
|0.01%
|1.53%
|-
|9. '''RPI'''
|1
|0
|1
|500
|0.00%
|0.69%
|-
|10 . '''RPK'''
|13
|0
|11
|53497
|0.27%
|6.03%
|-
|11 . '''RRP'''
|1
|0
|1
|611
|0.00%
|1.06%
|-
|'''INDEPENDENTS'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|12. '''IND'''
|640
|15
|593
|1852808
|9.20%
|11.35%
|-
|'''Grand Total :'''
|'''1538'''
|'''294'''
|'''816'''
|'''20150093'''
|
|
|}
===Arunachal Pradesh===
{{Main|1978 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election}}

{{Election results
|image=[[File:India Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly 1978.svg]]
|party1=[[Janata Party]]|votes1=66906|seats1=17|sc1=New
|party2=[[People's Party of Arunachal]]|votes2=48075|seats2=8|sc2=New
|party3=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes3=720|seats3=0|sc3=New
|party11=[[Independent (politics)|Independents]]|votes11=43287|seats11=5|sc11=New
|total_sc=New
|invalid=5599
|electorate=224839
|source=ECI<ref name="eci">Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%2078.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1978 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127195039/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%2078.pdf |date=27 January 2013 }}''</ref>
}}

===Assam===
{{Main|1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Sl No ||Party||Abbreviation||Party-type||Contested|| Won ||Votes polled %|| Vote % in seats contested
|-
| 1|| [[Communist Party of India]]||CPI||National || 35 ||5 || 4.09 ||14.39
|-
| 2||[[Communist Party of India (Marxist) ]]||CPM|| National || 27 || 11 ||5.62 ||25.87
|-
| 3|| [[Indian National Congress]]||INC|| National || 126 || 26 ||23.62||23.62
|-
| 4||[[Indian National Congress (I)]]||INC(I) || National || 115 ||8||8.78||9.84
|-
| 5|| [[Janata Party]]||JNP||National ||117||53||27.55||29.95
|-
| 6|| [[All India Forward Bloc]]||FBL||State||3 ||0||0.09 ||4.28
|-
| 7|| [[Plain Tribals Council of Assam]]||PTC|| State ||9||4||2.60 ||32.54
|-
| 8|| [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India) ]]||RSP|| State ||6||0 || 0.44||8.85
|-
| 9|| [[All India Gorkha League ]]||IGL||Registered||1||0 ||0.04 ||6.08
|-
| 10|| [[Revolutionary Communist Party of India]]||RCI|| Registered ||10||4||1.40 ||17.68
|-
| 11||[[ Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) | Socialist Unity Centre of India]]||SUC|| Registered ||4||0||0.07 ||2.29
|-
| 12||Independent||IND|| || ||15|| 25.67||26.50
|-
| ||'''Total'''|||| || ||'''126'''|| ||
|-
|align=left colspan=8|Source: [https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3996-assam-1978/ Statistical Report on Legislative Assembly election of Assam, 1978]
|}

===Karnataka===
{{Main|1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election}}
{{election table|title=Summary of results of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly election, 1978<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>|sortable=yes}}
|- align=center
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable"|
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center|Political Party 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Contestants 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Seats won 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Seat change 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Number of votes 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Vote share 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Net change 
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|align="left"|[[Indian National Congress (Indira)]]||214||149||||5,543,756||44.25%||
|-
| {{party color cell|Janata Party}}
|align="left"|[[Janata Party]]||222||59||||4,754,114||37.95%||
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|align="left"|[[Communist Party of India]]||6||3||{{steady}}||148,567||1.19%||
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|align="left"|[[Indian National Congress]]||212||2||||1,001,553||7.99%||
|-
| {{party color cell|Republican Party of India}}
|align="left"|[[Republican Party of India]]||3||1||||22,443||0.18%||
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
|align="left"|[[Independent (politician)|Independents]]||||10||{{decrease}} 10||940,677||7.51%||''N/A''
|-
|
|align="left"|'''Total'''||||'''224'''||||''' '''||||
|-
|}

===Maharashtra===
{{Main|1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election}}
{{election table|title=Summary of results of the Maharashtra State Assembly election, 1978<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/SE_1978/Statistical_Report_1978_Maharashtra.pdf |title=Key Highlights of General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>|sortable=yes}}
|- align=center
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable"|
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center|Political Party 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |No. of candidates 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |No. of elected 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Number of Votes 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |% of Votes 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Seat change 
|-
| {{party color cell|Janata Party}}
|align="left"|[[Janata Party]]||215||99||5,701,399||27.99%||{{increase}} 99
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|align="left"|[[Indian National Congress]]||259||69||5,159,828||25.33%||{{decrease}} 159
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|align="left"|[[Indian National Congress (Indira)]]||203||62||3,735,308||18.34%||{{increase}} 62
|-
| {{party color cell|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}
|align="left"|[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]||88||13||1,129,172||5.54%||{{increase}} 6
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|align="left"|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]||12||9||345,008||1.69%||{{increase}} 8
|-
| {{party color cell|All India Forward Bloc}}
|align="left"|[[All India Forward Bloc]]||6||3||166,497||0.82%||{{increase}} 1
|-
| {{party color cell|Republican Party of India}}
|align="left"|[[Republican Party of India]]||25||2||215,487||1.06%||{{nochange}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Republican Party of India}}
|align="left"|[[Republican Party of India (Khobragade)]]||23||2||287,533||1.41%||{{increase}} 2
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|align="left"|[[Communist Party of India]]||48||1||301,056||1.48%||{{decrease}} 1
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
|align="left"|[[Independent (politician)|Independents]]||894||28||2,864,023||14.06%||{{increase}} 5
|-
|
|align="left"|'''Total'''||1819||288||20,367,221||100%||
|-
|}

===Meghalaya===
{{Main|1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election}}
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
! style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Parties and coalitions
! colspan="3"| Popular vote
! colspan="2"| Seats
|-
!Votes
!%
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]
!Won
!+/−
|-
| width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| align="left"| [[Indian National Congress]] (INC)
| 109,654 || 28.96 ||19.07 {{Increase}}
| 20 || 11 {{Increase}}
|-
| width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|All Party Hill Leaders Conference}}"|
| align="left" |[[All Party Hill Leaders Conference]] (APHLC)
|94,362
|24.92
|10.75 {{Decrease}}
|16
|16 {{Decrease}}
|-
| width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Hill State People's Democratic Party}}"|
| align="left" |[[Hill State People's Democratic Party]] (HSPDP)
|72,852
|19.24
| style="color:inherit;background:#E9E9E9" |
|14{{ref label|alpha|a}}
| style="color:inherit;background:#E9E9E9" |
|-
| width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| align="left" |[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
| 5,447 || 1.44

| style="color:inherit;background:#E9E9E9"|
| 0

| style="color:inherit;background:#E9E9E9"|
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
| align="left" |[[Communist Party of India]]
|2,361
|0.62
|0.05 {{Increase}}
|0
|{{Steady}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Independent (politician)}}" |
| align="left" |[[Independent (politician)|Independents]] (IND)
| 93,970 || 24.82 ||29.04 {{Decrease}}
| 10{{ref label|beta|b}} ||9 {{Decrease}}
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
| 378,646 || 100.00 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
| 60 || ±0
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="7" |Source: [[Election Commission of India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3670-meghalaya-1978/|title=Meghalaya 1978|website=Election Commission of India|access-date=7 March 2020}}</ref>
|}
{{note label|alpha|a}} The HSPDP won 8 seats in the 1972 election, but the party's representatives were recorded as independents at the time of that election.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Warjri |first=Antarwell |date=March 2017 |title=Role of Regional Political Parties and Formation of the Coalition Governments in Meghalaya |url=https://www.ijhsss.com/files/19.-Antarwell-Warjri.pdf |journal=International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=206–218 |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=6 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506102130/http://www.ijhsss.com/files/19.-Antarwell-Warjri.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{note label|beta|b}}Two candidates from the PDIC were elected, but the party had not obtained registration in time for the election; the party's representatives were recorded as independents in the official results.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gupta|first=Susmita Sen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MRWKAAAAMAAJ|title=Regionalism in Meghalaya|date=2005|publisher=South Asian Publishers|isbn=978-81-7003-288-5|pages=118|language=en}}</ref>

===Mizoram===
{{Main|1978 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|image=[[File:India Mizoram Legislative Assembly 1978.svg]]
|party1=[[Mizoram People's Conference]]|votes1=52640|seats1=22|sc1={{increase}}22
|party2=[[Independent (politics)|Independents]]|votes2=87830|seats2=8|sc2={{decrease}}16
|total_sc=0
|valid=140470
|invalid=1838
|electorate=224936
|source=ECI<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3655-mizoram-1978/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Mizoram |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 13 July 2021}}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/statistical-report/statistical-reports/ |title=Election Results - Full Statistical Reports |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}

{{Indian elections}}

[[Category:1978 elections in India]]
[[Category:1978 elections in Asia|India]]
[[Category:1978 in India]]
[[Category:Elections in India by year]]

Raghunatha Shiromani

2025-09-27T18:52:45Z

JoannaCostantino: created new details

{{Short description|Indian philosopher and logician (1477–1547)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2009}}
{{Infobox philosopher
|name = Raghunatha Shiromani
|image =
|caption =
|birth_date = {{birth year|1477}}
|birth_place = [[Nabadwip, Nadia, West Bengal]], India
|birth_name =
|death_date = {{dya|1547|1477}}
|death_place = India
|institutions = The ''{{IAST |Navya Nyāya}}'' school
|philosophy =
|honors =
|occupation = [[Indian philosophy|Philosopher]] and [[Indian logic|logician]] Head of the [[Ancient Mithila University]]
|alma_mater=[[Ancient Mithila University]]|notable_works=Navya Nyaya School of Indian Philosophy|school_tradition=Nyaya School of Indian Philosophy|era=13th century - 14th century}}
{{Hindu philosophy}}
'''Raghunatha Shiromani''' ({{langx|bn|রঘুনাথ শিরোমণি}}, [[IAST]]: Raghunātha Śiromaṇi) ({{circa|1477–1547}}<ref name="Vidyabhushan">{{cite book|last=Vidyabhusana|first=Satis Chandra|title=A History of Indian Logic: Ancient, Mediaeval, and Modern Schools|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|location=Delhi|orig-year=1920|year=2006|page=463|isbn=81-208-0565-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0lG85RD9YZoC&q=Raghunatha+Shiromani&pg=PA463}}</ref>) was an Indian [[Indian philosophy|philosopher]] and [[Indian logic|logician]]. He was the head ( The Chancellor ) of the [[Ancient Mithila University]] also known as [[Ancient Mithila University|Mithila Vidyapeeth]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20061119/spectrum/main2.htm|access-date=2022-02-06|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> He was born in a [[brahmin]] family at [[Nabadwip]] in present-day [[Nadia district]] of [[West Bengal]] state. He was the grandson of {{IAST|Śulapāṇi}} (c. 14th century CE), a noted writer on {{IAST|[[Smṛti]]}} from his mother's side. He was a pupil of [[Vasudeva Sarvabhauma|Vāsudeva Sārvabhauma]]. He brought the new school of [[Nyaya]], [[Navya-Nyāya|Navya Nyāya]], representing the final development of Indian [[formal logic]], to its zenith of analytic power.

Raghunatha's analysis of relations revealed the true nature of number, inseparable from the abstraction of natural phenomena, and his studies of [[metaphysics]] dealt with the [[negation]] or [[nonexistence]] of a complex [[reality]]. His most famous work in logic was the [[Tattvachintamanididhiti|{{IAST |Tattvacintāmaṇidīdhiti}}]], a commentary on the ''[[Tattvacintāmaṇi]]'' of [[Gangesha|{{IAST |Gangeśa Upādhyāya}}]], founder of the ''{{IAST |Navya Nyāya}}'' school.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.scribd.com/doc/64930080/Raghunatha-A-Name-of-Negatives Raghunatha: A Name of Negatives], descriptive information of Raghunatha with some controversial issues (his connection with Mahaprabhu Shri [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|Chaitanya]]) and bibliography
*[http://ssrn.com/abstract=2054667 Language: From I-dentity to My-dentity], the contemporary deployment of a new category, svatva ( endowment, possessed-ness, entitlement, my-ness), introduced by Raghunatha

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shiromani, Raghunatha}}
[[Category:1470s births]]
[[Category:1550 deaths]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:16th-century Hindu philosophers and theologians]]
[[Category:Indian logicians]]
[[Category:15th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:Nyaya]]
[[Category:Metaphysicians]]
[[Category:People from Nadia district]]
[[Category:Scholars from West Bengal]]

{{india-philosopher-stub}}
[[Category:15th-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Sanskrit and Vedic learning in Mithila]]

SLJB PG College

2025-07-19T07:37:16Z

JoannaCostantino: updated

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{multiple issues|
{{lead too short|date=August 2014}}
{{notability|Organizations|date=August 2014}}
{{unreliable sources|date=August 2014}}
}}
{{Infobox university
|name = SLJB PG College

|image_name =
|image_size =
|motto =
|established = 1992
|closed =
|type = [[Public College|Public]]
|principal =
|faculty = 19
|staff =
|students = 9,385 (2014–2015)
|undergrad = 974
|postgrad = 411
|doctoral =
|other =
|city = [[Rajesultanpur, Ambedkar Nagar]]
|state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|country = [[India]]
|coordinates = {{coord|26|30|N|83|08|E|type:edu|format=dms|display=inline}}
|campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]
|nickname = SLJB
|website =sljbcollege.org
}}
'''SLJB PG College''' (Shri lalan ji bhrmhchari Post Graduate College,) was established in 1992 by the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]. The college is in the [[Ambedkar Nagar]] district of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in [[India]]. As a rural college, Rajesultanpur. It is an entirely government-owned [[higher education]] institute for female scholars. The college is affiliated to the [[Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rmlau.ac.in/affiliated_colleges.aspx |title=Welcome to Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad |publisher=rmlau.ac.in |access-date=2011-10-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007084454/http://rmlau.ac.in/affiliated_colleges.aspx |archive-date=7 October 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[Faizabad]].

==Status==
The college has been recognized by the [[University Grants Commission (India)]] with 2 (f) and 12 (b) category.<ref>[http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/browse_reco_colleges.php?st=Uttar Pradesh]</ref> It receives aid or grants from the UGC, [[New Delhi]] and directly administered by the Department of Higher Education, Government of Uttar Pradesh (UP). The assessment and accreditation process of SLJB PG College was completed by [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]], Bangalore in April 2011 and awarded with Grade B (CGPA 2.17).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.naac.gov.in/A&A%20for%20Web.pdf |title=«Sl_No |access-date=2011-10-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006152318/http://www.naac.gov.in/A%26A%20for%20Web.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Students==
The college provides admission to female students after completion of 10+2 (intermediate) course work in different streams: [[Humanities]], [[Science]] and [[Commerce]]. The strength of the students is about 6,385 ([[academic year]]: 2009-2010), which comprised various sections of society.

==Faculty==
The selection process of the faculty members is solely done by Public Service Commission of Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uppsc.org.in/aboutusmainpage.htm |title=About U.P.P.S.C |publisher=uppsc.org.in |access-date=2011-10-14 |archive-date=21 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921035832/http://uppsc.org.in/aboutusmainpage.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The commission ensures the minimum qualification by adopting the rules of UGC,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/regulations/revised_finalugcregulationfinal10.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=23 August 2014 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224704/http://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/regulations/revised_finalugcregulationfinal10.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> New Delhi for the selection of the teachers in [[Government Degree Colleges, India|Government Degree Colleges]] of UP. After selection, the appointments are made by the Government of Uttar Pradesh after recommendation from the commission. All faculty members ([[assistant professor]], [[associate professor]] and [[professor]]) belong to Group-A service of the state and are Gazetted public servants.

==Library==
SLJB PG College College possesses large number of books and e-journals for [[undergraduate]] (UG) and [[Post Graduate]] (PG) students in the Central Library. A separate Post Graduate library is on the premises of the college for Post Graduate students. A librarian has been appointed by the Department of Higher Education, Government of UP to manage both libraries.

==Programs and courses==
The college offers Under Graduate and Post Graduate course works in different streams and programs: [[Bachelor of Arts]] (BA), [[Bachelor of Science]] (BSc), [[Bachelor of Commerce]] (BCom), [[Master of Arts]] (MA).

==Extracurricular activities==
The college provides opportunities to rural students to enhance their educational skills by participating in the talks, discussions, seminars, sports, NSS activities and being activist of [[Red Cross Society]], beside lectures.

==Associations==
Parent-Faculty association and [[Alumnae]] association has been set up in the college for its overall educational development.

==See also==
*[[Higher Education in India]]
*[[Education in Uttar Pradesh]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Avadh University |state=expanded}}

[[Category:Postgraduate colleges in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Colleges of Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Awadh University]]
[[Category:Colleges in Ambedkar Nagar district]]
[[Category:Rajesultanpur]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1992]]
[[Category:1992 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women's universities and colleges in Uttar Pradesh]]

Presidency College, Bengaluru

2025-06-02T12:07:31Z

JoannaCostantino:

{{short description|College in India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{One source|date=June 2020}}
{{Primary sources|date=June 2020}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox University
| name = Presidency College, Bengaluru
| image =
Presidency college Bangalore hebbal.jpg
| motto = Gain More Knowledge, Reach Greater Heights
| established = {{start date and age|df=yes|2000}}
| chancellor = Dr. Nissar Ahmed
| vice_chancellor = Suhael Ahmed
| principal = Dr. Pradeep Kumar Shinde
| location = [[Bengaluru]], India
| accreditation = [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]] with A+, [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
| faculty = 1200+
| students = 14000+
| coor = {{coord|13|3|1.98|N|77|35|52.88|E|type:edu_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| type = [[Private College]]
| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| affiliations = [[Bengaluru City University]]
|language = [[English language|English]]
| website = {{URL|https://presidencycollege.ac.in/|Official website}}
}}

'''Presidency College''' is an autonomous private professional college in [[India]]. It was founded by The Presidency Group of Institutions. The Presidency Group was established in 1976,<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=about presidency group|url=https://presidencycollege.ac.in/about-us-top-mba-colleges-bangalore/overview-best-bca-college-bangalore/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> and today consists of seven schools, two colleges and one university based in [[Mangaluru]] and [[Bengaluru]]. It is an NIRF Ranked College in 2017, was re-accredited by [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]] with "A+", and affiliated to both Karnataka Board of Pre-University and [[Bengaluru City University]] and approved by [[All India Council for Technical Education|AICTE]], New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Presidency PU College Mangalore |url=http://www.indiacatalog.com/web_directory/wd_detail.php?id=36479 |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=www.indiacatalog.com}}</ref>

==Courses offered==
{{citation needed section|date=October 2021}}

===Undergraduate courses===
* Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com)
* Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)
* Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
* Bachelor of Arts in Humanities (BA)

===Postgraduate courses===
* Master of Commerce in Finance and Accounting (M.Com)
* Master of Business Administration (MBA)
* Master of Computer Applications (MCA)

===PhD===
* PhD - Management

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Official website|https://presidencycollege.ac.in/}}

[[Category:Colleges in Bengaluru]]

Konnagar railway station

2025-05-13T20:59:27Z

JoannaCostantino: cleanup article based on references after review

{{Short description|Railway station in West Bengal, India}}
{{one source|date=January 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Konnagar
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Kolkata Suburban Railway|Kolkata Suburban Railway station]]
| style = Kolkata Suburban Railway
| image = Konnagar railway station at Konnagar, Hooghly 06.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Konnagar railway station
| address = Indira Gandhi Road, [[Konnagar]], [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] – 712235 [[West Bengal]]
| country = {{flagu|India}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|22.700920|88.342540|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline}}
| elevation = {{convert|17|m|ft}}
| line = [[Howrah–Bardhaman main line]]
| other =
| structure = [[Intersection (road)#At grade railways|At grade]]
| platform = 3
| tracks =
| entrances =
| parking = Yes
| bicycle = Yes
| opened = 1854
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 1958
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = KOG<ref name="Indian railway codes">{{cite web |title=Indian railway codes |url=http://www.icf.indianrailways.gov.in/PB/pass/stations.html |publisher=Indian Railways |access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref>
| zone = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Howrah}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| status = Functioning
| former = [[East Indian Railway Company]]
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_type = India West Bengal#India
| map_dot_label = Konnagar
| map_size = 300
| map_caption = Location in West Bengal##Location in India
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Kolkata Suburban Railway|line=Eastern|left=Hindmotor|right=Rishra|to-left=Howrah Junction|to-right=Bandel Junction|type=[[Howrah–Bardhaman main line|Main line]]}}
| route_map = {{Howrah–Bardhaman main line}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}
'''Konnagar railway station''' is located on the [[Howrah–Bardhaman main line]], in [[Hooghly district]], West Bengal, India. It serves [[Konnagar]] Town. It has 3 platforms and it was electrified in 1958.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kolkata Suburban Railway, Eastern}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1854]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Hooghly district]]
[[Category:Kolkata Suburban Railway stations]]

{{WestBengal-railstation-stub}}

Raja Nawathe

2025-05-05T16:41:04Z

JoannaCostantino: created a page.

{{Short description|Indian film producer and director (1924-2005)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2013}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Raja Nawathe राजा नवाथे
| birth_name = Raja Nawathe
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|10|14|df=yes}}<ref name="dirIF">Narwekar, Sanjit (1994). ''Directory of Indian Filmmakers and Films''. Greenwood Press. {{ISBN|0-313-29284-1}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Ratnagiri]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj]] (now [[Maharashtra]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2005|11|15|1924|10|14|df=y}}<ref name="dirFFUK">{{cite web|url=http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/bollywood/Bollywood-10915.html |title=Bollywood News Raja Nawathe passed away |publisher=Femalefirst.co.uk |date=2005-11-16 |access-date=2013-02-25}}</ref>
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| occupation = Film director, Producer, Assistant Film Director
| years_active = 1948–1973
| spouse = Chitra Nawathe<ref name="CNaw">{{cite web|url=http://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Tingya/70114034?locale=en-US |title=Tingya |publisher=Movies.netflix.com |date= |access-date=2013-02-25}}</ref>(Award winning Marathi Actress)
| children = Son (deceased a few years prior to father's demise)<ref name="dirFFUK"/>
| homepage =
}}
'''Raja Nawathe'''; 14 October 1924 – 15 November 2005) was an Indian film producer, director, assistant film director, in Bombay's [[Hindi film industry]], long before it came to be known as [[Bollywood]]. He is known for films like Raj Kapoor-Nargis starrer ''[[Aah (film)|Aah]]'' (1953) and thriller {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Gumnaam]]}} (1965).

==Career==
Raja Nawathe had commenced his film career as assistant director to [[Raj Kapoor]], for three productions from [[R.K. Films]], viz. ''[[Aag (1948 film)|Aag]]'' (1948), ''[[Barsaat (1949 film)|Barsaat]]'' (1949), and ''[[Awaara]]'' (1951). His debut as independent director commenced with the film, ''[[Aah (film)|Aah]]'', in 1953, produced by Raj Kapoor, which, at the time, did not quite make its mark at the box-office. However, the songs and music of the film are considered classics of Indian cinema. Subsequently, the film was dubbed in Tamil and Telugu.<ref>{{cite news |title=Her tantalising voice will live forever ... |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/08/20/stories/2004082002330400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040825085450/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/08/20/stories/2004082002330400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 August 2004 |date=20 August 2004 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=18 February 2013}}</ref>
Raja Nawathe's next directorial venture in 1956, ''[[Basant Bahar (film)|Basant Bahar]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Basant Bahar (1956) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/basant-bahar-1956/article2072250.ece | date=3 June 2011|access-date=2014-01-06}}</ref> was a musical success. This film received the "Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film in Hindi", a [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi]]. For lead roles of his next film, ''[[Sohni Mahiwal (1958 film)|Sohni Mahiwal]]'' (1958), Nawathe again paired [[Bharat Bhushan]] with [[Nimmi]], both legendary stars of that era.
Other noteworthy films<ref name="essBlyF">{{cite web |url=http://worldfilm.about.com/od/bollywood/tp/essentialbollywood.htm |first=Andrew |last=Grant |title=10 Essential Bollywood Films - A Primer to 10 Essential Bollywood Films |publisher=Worldfilm.about.com |date=2012-04-10 |access-date=2013-02-25 |archive-date=28 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328150209/http://worldfilm.about.com/od/bollywood/tp/essentialbollywood.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> by Raja Nawathe are: {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Gumnaam]]}} (1965),<ref name="asianC">Vick, Tom (2008). ''Asian Cinema: A Field Guide'', pp. 101. Harper Perennial. {{ISBN|0-06-114585-8}}</ref> a suspense thriller based on an [[Agatha Christie]] novel,<ref name="AgC">{{cite news|author=Pooja Kulkarni |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-24/news-interviews/36506440_1_bar-girl-sanju-murder-mystery |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411035615/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-24/news-interviews/36506440_1_bar-girl-sanju-murder-mystery |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-04-11 |title=Agatha Christie's novel inspires Marathi filmmaker |date=2013-01-24 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2013-02-25}}</ref> starring [[Manoj Kumar]] and [[Nanda (actress)|Nanda]] in the lead roles; with mesmerizing music direction by maestros [[Shankar–Jaikishan]]. In 1967, for ''[[Patthar ke Sanam]]'', he cast [[Manoj Kumar]] once again, now with [[Waheeda Rehman]], as the lead pair; [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]] created some memorable music for this film. ''[[Bhai-Bhai (1970 film)|Bhai-Bhai]]'' in (1970), was directed with [[Sunil Dutt]] and [[Asha Parekh]] in the lead roles; it had melodious music by [[Shankar–Jaikishan]].
''[[Manchali]]'' (1973) was a comedy, and departed from Raja Nawathe's earlier films; it is also memorable for the super comical role played by [[Sanjeev Kumar]]. [[Leena Chandavarkar]], by then an actress well established in her own right, was lead actress for this film. The music for this romantic comedy was composed by celebrity duo [[Laxmikant Pyarelal]], stalwarts at the time, with a decade of music success behind them.

==Death==
After suffering from a long illness, Raja Nawathe died in Mumbai, on Wednesday morning, 15 November 2005, a month after his 81st birthday.<ref name="dirFFUK"/>

==Filmography==
* ''[[Aah (film)|Aah]]'' (1953)
* ''[[Basant Bahar (film)|Basant Bahar]]'' (1956)
* ''[[Sohni Mahiwal (1958 film)|Sohni Mahiwal]]'' (1958)
* {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Gumnaam]]}}<ref name="gumnamm">Pauwels, Heidi R.M. (2008). ''Indian Literature and Popular Cinema: Recasting Classics'', pp. 2. Routledge Contemporary South Asia Series. {{ISBN|0-415-44741-0}}</ref> (1965)
* ''[[Patthar ke Sanam]]'' (1967)
* ''[[Bhai-Bhai (1970 film)|Bhai-Bhai]]''<ref name="manBhai">Gavankar, Nilu. N. (2011). ''The Desai Trio and The Movie Industry of India'', pp. 189, pp. 195. AuthorHouse. {{ISBN|1-4634-1941-4}}</ref> (1970)
* ''[[Manchali]]''<ref name="manBhai"/>(1973)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=0623178|name=Raja Nawathe}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nawathe, Raja}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Film producers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:People from Ratnagiri]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:Film directors from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]

Faculty of Architecture and Planning, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University

2025-05-04T08:33:08Z

JoannaCostantino: rd

#REDIRECT [[Faculty of Architecture and Planning, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Engineering Council of India

2025-04-14T22:58:43Z

JoannaCostantino: quick fixed content for clarity and fixed typos as per guidelines

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
'''Engineering Council of India''' ('''ECI''') is a public society established on 4 April 2002 to work for the advancement of engineering profession in various disciplines and for enhancing the image of engineers in society, by focusing on the quality and accountability of engineers. The headquarters of ECI is in [[New Delhi]], India.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.ecindia.org/ Official site]
*[https://www.namse.org/ National Multi-Engineering Official site]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Engineering Council Of India}}
[[Category:Organisations based in Delhi]]
[[Category:Professional associations based in India]]

{{India-org-stub}}
{{prof-assoc-stub}}

Bharatpur, Purba Bardhaman

2025-03-21T11:53:48Z

JoannaCostantino: update page per standard format and cleaned formatting

{{Other uses|Bharatpur (disambiguation){{!}}Bharatpur}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bharatpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.4134|N|87.4578|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 4,274
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 713148 (Bharatpur)
| area_code_type = Telephone code /[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bardhaman-Durgapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman-Durgapur]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Galsi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Galsi]]
| website = {{URL|purbabardhaman.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bharatpur''' is a village in [[Galsi I]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in [[Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision]] of [[Purba Bardhaman district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==History==
Bharatpur is an ancient place. The University of Burdwan, in collaboration with the Archaeological Survey of India, carried out excavations at Bharatpur. Several statues of [[Gautama Buddha]] were found and the remains of a [[Bharatpur Stupa|Buddhist stupa]] was unearthed. In 1994–95, the Burdwan Gazeteer had commented that the style of construction indicated that the stupa at Bharatpur was built during 7-9th century. The lower portions of the excavations indicated the presence of a [[Neolithic]]-[[Chalcolithic]] habitation which remained deserted till the time of construction of the stupa.<ref name="Chattopadhyay">Chattopadhyay, Akkori, ''Bardhaman Jelar Itihas O Lok Sanskriti'' (History and Folk lore of Bardhaman District.), {{in lang|bn}}, Vol II, pages 579-580, Radical Impression. {{ISBN|81-85459-36-3}}</ref>

===Under Kingdom of Gopbhum===
As per Peterson's District Gazeteer of 1910, the south-western extremity of the [[Sadgop]] kingdom of [[Gopbhum]] was held by two kinglings, probably merely cadets of the house of Gopbhum, at Bharatpur and Kankeswar or [[Kanksa]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bengal (India) |first=West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hJm3AAAAIAAJ&q=mahendranath+gopbhum |title=West Bengal District Gazetteers: Barddhamān |date=1965 |publisher=State editor, West Bengal District Gazetteers |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chattopadhyay"/>

See also – [[Amrargar]] and [[Gourangapur]] for more information about [[Gopbhum]].

==Geography==
===Location===
Bharatpur is located at {{coord|23.4134|N|87.4578|E}}.

Bharatpur is on the banks of the [[Damodar River|Damodar]], about 4 km south of Panagarh railway station.<ref name="Chattopadhyay"/>

==Demographics==
As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Bharatpur had a total population of 4,274 of which 2,229 (52%) were males and 2,045 (48%) were females. Bharatpur's population below 6 years of age was 405. The total number of literates in Bharatpur was 2,841 (73.49% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables|title=Census tables | publisher=Government of India|access-date=2024-02-03}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
There is a [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centre]] at Bharatpur (with 6 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 6 March 2019 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Purba Bardhaman District}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}

[[Category:Villages in Purba Bardhaman district]]

2011 Kabaddi World Cup (circle style)

2025-03-10T09:23:57Z

JoannaCostantino: started some data w/ infobox

{{Short description|International kabaddi tournament in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox sport tournament
| name = 2011 Kabaddi World Cup
| image = 2011KabaddiWorldCup.jpg
| caption = Logo of the 2011 Kabaddi World Cup
| start_date = 1 November
| end_date = 20 November
| administrator = [[Government of Punjab, India]] Recognised by [[International Kabaddi Federation]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-12-16 |title=Welcome to International Kabaddi Federation |url=https://www.kabaddiikf.com/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216231758/https://www.kabaddiikf.com/ |archive-date=2011-12-16}}</ref>
| format = Circle Style
| tournament_format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]] and [[Single-elimination tournament|Knockout]]
| host = {{flag|India}}
| venues = 16 venues in 16 cities ([[#Venues|List of Venues]])
| participants = 14 ([[#Teams|List of Participants]])
| champions = {{Kabaddi|IND}} (2nd title)
| runners-up1 = {{CAN}}
| runners-up2 = {{Kabaddi|PAK}}
| matches = 46
| stat1_label = Best Raider
| stat1 = {{flagicon|IND}} Gagandeep Singh Kheerawali
| stat2_label = Best Stopper
| stat2 = {{flagicon|IND}} Mangat Singh Mangi
| previous = [[2010 Kabaddi World Cup (circle style)|2010]]
| next = [[2012 Kabaddi World Cup (circle style)|2012]]
}}
'''Pearls Kabaddi World Cup 2011''' was the second edition of the circle style [[Kabaddi]] World Cup played in [[Punjab, India]] and overall fourth Kabaddi World Cup. It was played in various cities of the province from 1 to 20 November 2011 with teams from 14 countries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kabaddinews.com/index.php/upcoming-tournaments/india-kabaddi-tournaments/25-top-news-kabaddi-news/top-news/32-world-kabaddi-cup-begins-in-punjab-nov-1-a |title=World Kabaddi cup begins in Punjab |access-date=2 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210203725/http://www.kabaddinews.com/index.php/upcoming-tournaments/india-kabaddi-tournaments/25-top-news-kabaddi-news/top-news/32-world-kabaddi-cup-begins-in-punjab-nov-1-a |archive-date=10 December 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Teams==
A total of 14 teams took part in this tournament in matches between 1 and 20 November.<ref name="open">[https://web.archive.org/web/20111104132440/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Punjab/After-gala-start-India-take-on-Germany-in-Kabaddi-World-Cup/Article1-763977.aspx After gala start featuring celebrities like Shah Rukh Khan, India took on Germany in Kabaddi World Cup] . Hindustan Times (2 November 2011). Retrieved 2011-11-07.</ref>

* {{flag|Afghanistan|2004}}
* {{ARG}}
* {{AUS}}DQ
* {{CAN}}
* {{GER}}
* {{IND}}
* {{ITA}}
* {{NEP}}
* {{NOR}}
* {{PAK}}
* {{ESP}}
* {{SRI}}
* {{UK}}
* {{USA}}DQ
DQ Disqualified during the tournament for doping

==Pools==
The teams were divided into two pools of seven teams each. Hosts India were placed in Pool A while their traditional rivals Pakistan were in Pool B.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%;"
|-
!width=20%|Pool A
!width=20%|Pool B
|-
|
{{flag|Afghanistan|2004}} 
{{AUS}} 
{{CAN}} 
{{GER}} 
{{IND}} 
{{NEP}} 
{{UK}} 
|
{{ARG}} 
{{ITA}} 
{{NOR}} 
{{PAK}} 
{{ESP}} 
{{USA}} 
|}

==Competition format==
Fourteen teams competed in tournament consisting of two rounds. In the first round, teams were divided into two pools of seven teams each, and followed [[Round-robin tournament|round-robin]] format with each of the team playing all other teams in the pool once.
Following the completion of the league matches, teams placed first and second in each pool advanced to a [[single elimination]] round consisting of two semifinal games, a third place play-off and a final.

==Venues==
The games were played at:<ref name="fix">[http://www.kabaddi.org/kabaddi/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=112:2nd-kabaddi-world-cup-punjab-2011&catid=34:article&Itemid=65 2nd Kabaddi World Cup Punjab 2011]. Kabaddi.org (31 October 2011). Retrieved 2011-11-07.</ref>
* [[Sports Stadium, Bathinda|Sports Stadium]], [[Bathinda]]
* [[Nehru Stadium, Faridkot, India|Nehru Stadium]], [[Faridkot, India|Faridkot]]
* [[Government College Stadium]], [[Gurdaspur]]
* [[Dhudike]], [[Moga district|Moga]]
* [[Nehru Stadium, Rupnagar|Nehru Stadium]], [[Rupnagar]]
* [[War Heroes Stadium]], [[Sangrur]]
* [[Chohla Sahib]], [[Tarn Taran district|Tarn Taran]]
* [[Yadvindra Public School Stadium]], [[Patiala]]
* [[Guru Nanak Sports Stadium]], [[Kapurthala]]
* [[Doda, Punjab|Doda]], [[Sri Muktsar Sahib|Muktsar]]
* [[Guru Nanak Stadium]], [[Amritsar]]
* [[Shaheed Bhagat Singh Stadium]], [[Firozpur|Ferozepur]]
* [[Lajwanti Stadium]], [[Hoshiarpur]]
* [[NM Govt. College]], [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]]
* [[Guru Gobind Singh Stadium]], [[Jalandhar]]
* [[Guru Nanak Stadium]], [[Ludhiana]]

==Prize money==
The teams vied for the title as well as the total prize money of {{INR}} 4.11 crore. According to [[Chief Minister#Deputy chief minister|Deputy Chief Minister]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and tournament's chairman [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]], the prize money of this edition of the event been doubled to {{INR}} 2 crore for the winning team. The runners-up earned {{INR}} 1 crore, while the team finishing in third place received {{INR}} 51 lakhs. In addition, the deputy Chief Minister said each participating team would get {{INR}} 10 lakhs. The best raider and stopper of the tournament were awarded with Preet Tractors.<ref>{{cite web|first=Kanchana|last=Devi|url=http://truthdive.com/2011/11/02/world-kabaddi-cup-begins-in-punjab-today.html|title=World Kabaddi cup begins in Punjab today|date=2 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102230210/http://truthdive.com/2011/09/30/vedi-review.html|archivedate=2012-01-02|url-status=usurped|work=TruthDive}}</ref>

==Opening ceremony==
The event got off to an elaborate start on the evening of 1 November at Sports Stadium, [[Bathinda]] with performances by Bollywood actor [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Sukhwinder Singh]] and other Punjabi artists, as well as a laser and fireworks show.

==Schedule==
All matches' timings were according to [[Indian Standard Time]] (UTC +5:30).<ref name="fix"/>

===Group stage===

====Pool A====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|-
!width=175|Team
!width=40|{{Tooltip|Pld|Matches Played}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|W|Won}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|L|Lost}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|SF|Scores For}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|SA|Scores Against}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|SD|Score Difference}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|Pts|Points}}
|- style="background:#ccffcc"
|align=left|'''{{IND}}'''
|6||6||0||0||362||125||237||'''12'''
|- style="background:#ccffcc"
|align=left|'''{{CAN}}'''
|6||5||0||1||301||180||121||'''10'''
|- style="background:white;"
|align=left|{{UK}}
|6||4||0||2||354||201||153||'''8'''
|- style="background:white;"
|align=left|{{GER}}
|6||2||0||4||206||301||-95||'''4'''
|- style="background:white;"
|align=left|{{flag|Afghanistan|2004}}
|6||2||0||4||119||284||−165||'''4'''
|- style="background:white;"
|align=left|{{NEP}}
|6||0||0||6||148||368||−220||'''0'''
|-
|align=left|{{AUS}}
|{{color|gray|6}}||{{color|gray|2}}||{{color|gray|0}}||{{color|gray|4}}||{{color|gray|222}}||{{color|gray|215}}||{{color|gray|7}}||{{color|gray|'''4'''}}
|}
{{small|Australia expelled from the tournament for doping}}

:{{Color box|#ccffcc|border=darkgray}} Qualified for semifinals

----
{{kabaddibox
|date=2 November 2011
|time=14:00
|team1={{AUS}}
|score= 68–23
|team2={{NEP}}
|stadium=Nehru Stadium, [[Faridkot, India|Faridkot]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=2 November 2011
|time=15:00
|team1={{CAN}}
|score= 63–15
|team2={{flag|Afghanistan|2004}}
|stadium=Nehru Stadium, [[Faridkot, India|Faridkot]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=2 November 2011
|time=16:30
|team1={{IND}}
|score= 70–18
|team2={{GER}}
|stadium=Nehru Stadium, [[Faridkot, India|Faridkot]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=4 November 2011
|time=14:00
|team1={{IND}}
|score= 67–21
|team2={{NEP}}
|stadium=Sports Stadium, [[Dhudike]], [[Moga district|Moga]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=4 November 2011
|time=15:00
|team1={{UK}}
|score= 68–13
|team2={{flag|Afghanistan|2004}}
|stadium=Sports Stadium, [[Dhudike]], [[Moga district|Moga]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=4 November 2011
|time=16:30
|team1={{CAN}}
|score= 51–39
|team2={{AUS}}
|stadium=Sports Stadium, [[Dhudike]], [[Moga district|Moga]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=6 November 2011
|time=14:00
|team1={{GER}}
|score= 58–23
|team2={{NEP}}
|stadium=War Heroes Stadium, [[Sangrur]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=6 November 2011
|time=15:00
|team1={{IND}}
|score= 66–23
|team2={{AUS}}
|stadium=War Heroes Stadium, [[Sangrur]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=6 November 2011
|time=16:30
|team1={{CAN}}
|score= 42–34
|team2={{UK}}
|stadium=War Heroes Stadium, [[Sangrur]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=8 November 2011
|time=19:00
|team1={{flag|Afghanistan|2004}}
|score= 48–41
|team2={{NEP}}
|stadium=Yadvindra Sports Stadium, [[Patiala]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=8 November 2011
|time=20:00
|team1={{IND}}
|score= 58–22
|team2={{UK}}
|stadium=Yadvindra Sports Stadium, [[Patiala]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=8 November 2011
|time=21:30
|team1={{AUS}}
|score= 60–29
|team2={{GER}}
|stadium=Yadvindra Sports Stadium, [[Patiala]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=10 November 2011
|time=14:00
|team1={{AUS}}
|score= 32–45
|team2={{UK}}
|stadium=Sports Stadium, Doda, [[Muktsar]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=10 November 2011
|time=15:00
|team1={{GER}}
|score= 62–26
|team2={{flag|Afghanistan|2004}}
|stadium=Sports Stadium, Doda, [[Muktsar]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=10 November 2011
|time=16:30
|team1={{IND}}
|score= 51–24
|team2={{CAN}}
|stadium=Sports Stadium, Doda, [[Muktsar]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=12 November 2011
|time=13:30
|team1={{CAN}}
|score= 64–22
|team2={{NEP}}
|stadium=Shaheed Bhagat Singh Stadium, [[Firozpur|Ferozepur]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=12 November 2011
|time=14:30
|team1={{AUS}}
|score= 0–1
|team2={{flag|Afghanistan|2004}}
|stadium=Shaheed Bhagat Singh Stadium, [[Firozpur|Ferozepur]]}}
*Australia Forfeits. Afghanistan won by walkover because of unavailability of required minimum of players for Australia.
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=12 November 2011
|time=16:30
|team1={{UK}}
|score= 65–19
|team2={{GER}}
|stadium=Shaheed Bhagat Singh Stadium, [[Firozpur|Ferozepur]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=15 November 2011
|time=14:35
|team1={{UK}}
|score= 63–18
|team2={{NEP}}
|stadium= NM Govt. College, [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=15 November 2011
|time=15:35
|team1={{IND}}
|score= 50–17
|team2={{flag|Afghanistan|2004}}
|stadium= NM Govt. College, [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=15 November 2011
|time=16:45
|team1={{CAN}}
|score= 58–19
|team2={{GER}}
|stadium= NM Govt. College, [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]]}}
----

====Pool B====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|-
!width=175|Team
!width=40|{{Tooltip|Pld|Matches Played}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|W|Won}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|L|Lost}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|SF|Scores For}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|SA|Scores Against}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|SD|Score Difference}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|Pts|Points}}
|- style="background:#ccffcc"
|align=left|'''{{PAK}}'''
|6||5||0||1||371||129||242||'''10'''
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
|align=left|'''{{ITA}}'''
|6||4||0||2||314||194||120||'''8'''
|- style="background:white;"
|align=left|{{NOR}}
|5||3||0||2||222||200||22||'''6'''
|- style="background:white;"
|align=left|{{ESP}}
|6||2||0||4||255||258||-3||'''4'''
|- style="background:white;"
|align=left|{{ARG}}
|6||1||0||5||129||402||−273||'''2'''
|- style="background:white;"
|align=left|{{SRI}}
|6||0||0||6||134||407||−273||'''0'''
|-
|align=left|{{USA}}||{{color|gray|5}}||{{color|gray|5}}||{{color|gray|0}}||{{color|gray|0}}||{{color|gray|300}}||{{color|gray|138}}||{{color|gray|162}}||{{color|gray|'''10'''}}
|}
{{small|United States opted out from the tournament}}
:{{Color box|#ccffcc|border=darkgray}} Qualified for semifinals

----
{{kabaddibox
|date=3 November 2011
|time=19:00
|team1={{NOR}}
|score= 49–35
|team2={{ESP}}
|stadium=Government College Stadium, [[Gurdaspur]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=3 November 2011
|time=20:00
|team1={{ITA}}
|score= 68–08
|team2={{ARG}}
|stadium=Government College Stadium, [[Gurdaspur]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=3 November 2011
|time=21:30
|team1={{PAK}}
|score= 39–43
|team2={{USA}}
|stadium=Government College Stadium, [[Gurdaspur]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=5 November 2011
|time=14:00
|team1={{ARG}}
|score= 25–62
|team2={{NOR}}
|stadium=Nehru Stadium, [[Rupnagar]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=5 November 2011
|time=15:00
|team1={{PAK}}
|score= 71–09
|team2={{SRI}}
|stadium=Nehru Stadium, [[Rupnagar]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=5 November 2011
|time=16:30
|team1={{USA}}
|score= 56–37
|team2={{ITA}}
|stadium=Nehru Stadium, [[Rupnagar]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=7 November 2011
|time=14:00
|team1={{ESP}}
|score= 70–26
|team2={{SRI}}
|stadium=Chohla Sahib, [[Tarn Taran Sahib|Tarn Taran]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=7 November 2011
|time=15:00
|team1={{USA}}
|score= 71–17
|team2={{ARG}}
|stadium=Chohla Sahib, [[Tarn Taran Sahib|Tarn Taran]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=7 November 2011
|time=16:30
|team1={{PAK}}
|score= 50–37
|team2={{ITA}}
|stadium=Chohla Sahib, [[Tarn Taran Sahib|Tarn Taran]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=9 November 2011
|time=14:00
|team1={{NOR}}
|score= 63–24
|team2={{SRI}}
|stadium=Guru Nanak Sports Stadium, [[Kapurthala]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=9 November 2011
|time=15:00
|team1={{PAK}}
|score= 82–11
|team2={{ARG}}
|stadium=Guru Nanak Sports Stadium, [[Kapurthala]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=9 November 2011
|time=16:30
|team1={{ITA}}
|score= 52–31
|team2={{ESP}}
|stadium=Guru Nanak Sports Stadium, [[Kapurthala]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=11 November 2011
|time=19:00
|team1={{ARG}}
|score= 53–49
|team2={{SRI}}
|stadium=Guru Nanak Stadium, [[Amritsar]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=11 November 2011
|time=20:00
|team1={{PAK}}
|score= 67–15
|team2={{NOR}}
|stadium=Guru Nanak Stadium, [[Amritsar]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=11 November 2011
|time=22:30
|team1={{USA}}
|score= 54–35
|team2={{ESP}}
|stadium=Guru Nanak Stadium, [[Amritsar]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=14 November 2011
|time=13:30
|team1={{USA}}
|score= 76–10
|team2={{SRI}}
|stadium=Lajwanti Stadium, [[Hoshiarpur]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=14 November 2011
|time=14:30
|team1={{ARG}}
|score= 15–70
|team2={{ESP}}
|stadium=Lajwanti Stadium, [[Hoshiarpur]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=14 November 2011
|time=16:30
|team1={{ITA}}
|score= 49–33
|team2={{NOR}}
|stadium=Lajwanti Stadium, [[Hoshiarpur]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=16 November 2011
|time=19:05
|team1={{ITA}}
|score= 74–16
|team2={{SRI}}
|stadium=[[Guru Gobind Singh Stadium]], [[Jalandhar]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date={{color|gray|16 November 2011}}
|time=
|team1={{color|gray|{{USA}}}}
|score= {{color|gray|Abandoned}}
|team2={{color|gray|{{NOR}}}}
|stadium={{color|gray|Guru Gobind Singh Stadium, Jalandhar}}}}
* Match abandoned due to USA's expulsion from the tournament
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=16 November 2011
|time=21:15
|team1={{PAK}}
|score= 62–14
|team2={{ESP}}
|stadium=[[Guru Gobind Singh Stadium]], [[Jalandhar]]}}
----

===Knockout stage===
{{Round4-with third


|18 November – Sports Stadium, [[Bathinda]]|'''{{IND}}'''|'''74'''|{{ITA}}|15
|18 November – Sports Stadium, [[Bathinda]]|{{PAK}}|39|'''{{CAN}}'''|'''44'''

|20 November – Guru Nanak Stadium, [[Ludhiana]]|'''{{IND}}'''|'''59'''|{{CAN}}|25

|20 November – Guru Nanak Stadium, [[Ludhiana]]|{{ITA}}|22|'''{{PAK}}'''|'''60'''
}}

====Semi-finals====
{{kabaddibox
|date=18 November 2011
|time=19:15
|team1={{IND}}
|score= 74–15
|team2={{ITA}}
|stadium=Sports Stadium, [[Bathinda]]}}
----
{{kabaddibox
|date=18 November 2011
|time=21:15
|team1={{PAK}}
|score= 39–44
|team2={{CAN}}
|stadium=Sports Stadium, [[Bathinda]]}}
*Canada had lesser players(8) to play with and as a result 2 points were awarded to Pakistan before the start of match and the start of the 2nd half.

====Third place====
{{kabaddibox
|date=20 November 2011
|time=17:15
|team1={{ITA}}
|score= 22–60
|team2={{PAK}}
|stadium=Guru Nanak Stadium, [[Ludhiana]]}}

====Final====
{{kabaddibox
|date=20 November 2011
|time=22:15
|team1={{IND}}
|score= 59–25
|team2={{CAN}}
|stadium=Guru Nanak Stadium, [[Ludhiana]]}}
*Canada had lesser players(8) to play with and as a result 2 points were awarded to India before the start of match and the beginning of the 2nd half.
{| class="wikitable" width=55%; style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
! colspan=3|2011 Kabaddi World Cup
|-
|style="background:silver;"|'''1st Runners-up'''
|style="background:gold;"|'''Champions'''
|style="background:#c96;"|'''2nd Runners-up'''
|-
|{{flagicon|CAN|size=100px}}
'''[[Canada]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND|size=125px}}
'''India''' 
'''Fourth Title'''
|{{flagicon|PAK|size=100px}}
'''Pakistan'''
|}

==Closing ceremony==
The closing ceremony of the Kabaddi World Cup was held at Guru Nanak Stadium in Ludhiana on 20 November.

On this occasion Pakistan's former prime minister [[Chaudhary Sujaat Hussain]], former information and sports minister Chaudhary Nisar Hussain, Pakistan Punjab's former education minister Mian Imran Masood, acting ambassador of Germany Ford Millard, Indian Punjab's chief minister Parkash Singh Badal, deputy chief minister and state's sports minister, [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]], Punjab cabinet minister Tikshan Sud along with his several cabinet colleagues, were also present.

The closing ceremony also included the appearances of Bollywood stars [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Deepika Padukone]] and [[Chitrangda Singh]] and performances by [[Rhythm Dhol Bass|RDB]] from Canada, Punjabi singers [[Harbhajan Mann]] and [[Satinder Satti]].
.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiansportsnews.com/isn-specials/7807-india-reign-supreme-in-kabaddi-world-cup.html|title = India reign supreme in Kabaddi World Cup}}</ref>

==Broadcasting rights==
;Television
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Countries !! Broadcaster
|-
| {{flagcountry|IND}}
||[[PTC Punjabi]] (Opening & Closing ceremonies) [[PTC News]] (Day matches and All night matches) [[PTC Chak De]] (Day matches 16:30)
|-
| {{flagcountry|CAN}} {{flagcountry|USA}}
||[[PTC Punjabi]]
|-
| {{flagcountry|PAK}}
||[[GEO Super]]
|}

==Doping==
National Anti Doping Agency (NADA) was responsible for ensuring that second World Cup Kabaddi tournament is dope free. It was mandatory that in each match four players, two each from both playing teams go for dope test and the players were selected on the spot and he/she could be tested again.

On 12 November 2011, the number of players tested positive for drugs touched 25 from over
100 samples.<ref>
[https://web.archive.org/web/20111222204050/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-12/chandigarh/30390919_1_players-organizers-nada-director Kabaddi 'WC' touches a new low]. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (12 November 2011).
Retrieved 2011-11-14.</ref>

Teams from Australia (6), UK (5), US (4), Canada (4), Spain (4), Italy (3), Norway (2) Germany (1), Argentina (1), India (1) lost players on account of doping. Pakistan, Sri-Lanka, Afghanistan and Nepal remained dope-free. The tournament was plunged into a new controversy when four members of the US team refused to give samples to the National Anti-Doping Agency officials for dope tests at Hoshiarpur.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/US-players-refuse-to-take-dope-test/articleshow/10733058.cms US players refuse to take dope test]. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (15 November 2011).
Retrieved 2011-11-14.</ref>
Taking a serious note of the refusal by the players, the technical committee of World Cup kabaddi held a meeting and decided to impose ban on the US team for rest of the matches.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/US-team-banned-from-Kabaddi-World-Cup/articleshow/10751669.cms US team banned from Kabaddi World Cup]. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (16 November 2011).
Retrieved 2011-11-15.</ref>

The US team players claimed that they believed it was a well thought-out plan to target their team in doping tests as the organisers were keen on an India-Pakistan final clash.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2011/11/kabaddi-wc-2011-final-between-ind-pak-fixed-by-organisers-us-team/ |title=Kabaddi WC 2011 final between Ind-Pak fixed by organisers: US Team |access-date=16 November 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723184602/http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2011/11/kabaddi-wc-2011-final-between-ind-pak-fixed-by-organisers-us-team/ |archive-date=23 July 2012 |url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref>[http://www.watchkabaddi.com/2014/08/world-kabaddi-league-2014-kabaddi.html World Kabaddi League 2014]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kabaddi (navbox)}}
{{World championships in kabaddi}}

[[Category:Kabaddi World Cup (circle style)]]
[[Category:Sport in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:2011 in Indian sport]]
[[Category:International kabaddi competitions in India]]
[[Category:November 2011 sports events in India]]