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Prithu (ruler of Kamrupa)

2026-05-07T05:01:49Z

Jina m. butchart: Starting Some Entry W/ Sources

{{distinguish|text=[[Prithu]], named in the [[Vedas|Vedic scriptures]] of ancient India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}

'''Prithu''' is a name used by some historians for a ruler associated with early thirteenth-century Kamrup (present-day Assam), particularly in connection with the defeat of [[Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji|Bakhtiyar Khalji]] following his Tibet campaign. The figure is derived from the [[Tabaqat-i Nasiri|Tabaqat-i-Nasiri]], a Persian chronicle by Juzjani, which refers to a rebel named Britū, described as having killed large numbers of Muslims before being defeated by [[Mahmud I of Delhi|Nasir ud din Mahmud Shah]]. Some scholars have identified this figure with the contemporaneous King of Kamrup who had repelled Bakhtiyar’s forces. Others reject this identification, deeming Prithu instead as a rebel in Awadh as asserted by Juzjani, and attributing the resistance in Kamrup to rulers attested in inscriptional records. In recent years, Prithu has gained prominence in Assam as a regional symbol of Hindu resistance against Muslim aggression.

== Background ==
The immediate history of Kamrup following the extinction of the [[Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)|indigenous Pala dynasty]] remains uncertain, particularly with regard to the identities of the rulers.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Ghosh |first=Suchandra |date=2010 |title=Kamarupa and Early Bengal: Understanding Their Political Relationship |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44147478 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=71 |pages=110–118 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> The undated Kamauli copper plate inscription, generally assigned to c. 1139 C.E., indicates that Kamrupa had come under the suzerainty of the [[Pala Empire|Pala Empire of Gauda (Bengal)]]; it records Vaidyadeva, in the fourth year of his rule, as governing the province under [[Kumarapala (Pala king)|Kumarapala]] after having suppressed a rebellion by Tingyadeva, the previous governor who had declared independence.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Mukunda Madhava |title=Inscriptions of Ancient Assam |publisher=Gauhati University |year=1978 |location=Assam |pages=273-301 |language=en}}</ref>

The Tejpur copper-plates of Vallabhadeva, dated to 1185 C.E., provides a list of three rulers—Rayarideva Trailokyasimha, Udayakarna Nishankasimha, and Vallabhadeva Srivallabha—in succession, from the lineage of one Bhaskara.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> Although historians initially questioned the relevance of the record because Kamrupa is not explicitly named and the characteristic elephant seal is missing, the donated land tracts mentioned in the inscription have since been identified within Kamrupa proper.<ref name=":4" /> Contemporary Pala inscriptions from these decades and literary sources record periodic expeditions against Kamrupa, pointing to tumultuous times, but the names of the rulers are left unmentioned.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> In addition, the two-line [[:bn:কানাই_বরশী_বোয়া_শিলালিপি|Kanaibarasi rock inscription]] briefly records how in March 1206, the Turks perished upon reaching Kamrupa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chakravarti |first=Ranabir |date=1999 |title=Early Medieval Bengal and the Trade in Horses: A Note |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3632335 |journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=201 |issn=0022-4995}}</ref>

==Sources==
In the [[Tabaqat-i Nasiri]], [[Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani]] credits his patron [[Mahmud I of Delhi|Nasir ud din Mahmud Shah]] with defeating one Bartū/Britū—described as responsible for the deaths of over a million Muslims—while suppressing rebels in Awadh under [[Iltutmish]];<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Bhattasali |first=Nalini Kanta |date=March 1946 |title=New Lights on the History of Assam: Assam during 1150-1250 A.D (The first Defenders of Assam’s Freedom) |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100858/page/n17/mode/1up |journal=The Indian Historical Quarterly |volume=XXII |issue=1 |pages=4-6}}</ref> [[Henry George Raverty|H. G. Raverty]], who translated the work into English, proposed emending the name to Prithu but observed that no other source described such a King.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Juzjani |title=T̤abakāt-i-Nāṣirī |publisher=Gilbert and Rivington |year=1881 |volume=II |location=London |pages=629 |language=en |translator-last=Raverty |translator-first=H.G. |trans-title=A General History of the Muhammadan Dynasties of Asia, Including Hindustān; from A.H. 194 (810 A.D.) to A.H. 658 (1260 A.D.) and the Irruption of the Infidel Mughals Into Islām}}</ref> After these campaigns in Awadh, Juzjani records Nasir ud din to have marched to [[Lakhnauti]] against [[Iwaz Khalji|Ghiyās ud-Dīn Iwaz Khalji]], the regional governor of Bengal who had declared independence, in 1227; however, elsewhere in the chronicle, while recounting Iwaz's career, he adds that Nasir ud din also waged war against Kamrup alongside Bengal.<ref name=":0" />

A couple of decades before Nasir ud din's campaigns, Juzjani recorded how the King of Kamrup had inflicted heavy losses on the already depleted army of [[Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji|Bakhtiyar Khalji]] following his disastrous Tibet campaign.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Juzjani |title=T̤abakāt-i-Nāṣirī |publisher=Gilbert and Rivington |year=1881 |volume=I |location=London |pages=569-571 |language=en |translator-last=Raverty |translator-first=H.G. |trans-title=A General History of the Muhammadan Dynasties of Asia, Including Hindustān; from A.H. 194 (810 A.D.) to A.H. 658 (1260 A.D.) and the Irruption of the Infidel Mughals Into Islām}}</ref> While en route to Tibet, Bakhtiyar crossed a major river in Kamrup via a stone bridge{{Efn|Pace Raverty's objections, Bhattasali accepted this bridge to have been the [[Silsako]]; Sircar agrees.}} and realizing the importance of the structure, even left two officers to guard it.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> By the time he returned, however, the bridge had been partially dismantled by locals after the guards developed discord and abandoned their posts; Bakhtiyar’s men were thus stranded and took refuge in a nearby temple while attempting to improvise a crossing.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> In the meanwhile, the King mobilized his subjects to besiege the temple, forcing them to dash toward the river and attempt crossing it immediately; most perished in the water, while Bakhtiyar escaped with only a small number of horsemen.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />

== Identification ==

===Early Speculations===
[[Wolseley Haig]], writing in [[The Cambridge History of India]], suggested that the figure of Britū/Prithu might correspond to the contemporaneous King of Kamrupa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Haig |first=Wolseley |title=The Cambridge History of India |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1928 |editor-last=Haig |editor-first=Wolseley |volume=III: Turks and Afghans |location=Cambridge |pages=49-50, 54, 514 |language=en}}</ref> [[Kanaklal Barua|K. L. Barua]] supported Haig's tentative identification, arguing that the contemporary history of Awadh records no rebel of comparable prominence and suggesting that Juzjani had likely erred in his chronology by placing the campaign against Prithu in Nasir ud din's days at Awadh.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Barua |first=Kanaklal |title=Early history of Kamarupa |year=1933 |location=Shillong |pages=224-227 |language=en}}</ref> He further adduced evidence from the [[Yogini Tantra]], a 16th- or 17th-century tantric text from the region that mentions a Shaiva king named Jalpeśvar ruling Kamrupa and constructing a [[Jalpesh Temple|eponymous temple]]; from local traditions of early nineteenth century, recorded by [[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton|Francis Buchanan]], that attributed the ruins of the fort city at [[Bhitargarh]] (located in present-day [[Rangpur, Bangladesh]])—situated about twenty-five kilometres from the temple—to a King Prithu;{{Efn|Buchanan noted that local informants could provide little further information about King Prithu beyond noting his strict adherence to Brahmanical norms, about how facing an attack by a tribe regarded as untouchable, Prithu had abdicated his throne and threw himself into a tank, leading to the fall of his kingdom.<ref name="Jahan">{{Citation |last=Jahan |first=Shahnaj Husne |title=Communities and Micro-Heritage in Bhitargarh, Bangladesh: A Case Study |date=2019 |work=Archaeology, Cultural Heritage Protection and Community Engagement in South Asia |pages=17–30 |editor-last=Coningham |editor-first=Robin |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6237-8_2 |access-date=2026-03-15 |place=Singapore |publisher=Springer |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-981-13-6237-8_2 |isbn=978-981-13-6237-8 |editor2-last=Lewer |editor2-first=Nick|url-access=subscription }}</ref>}}{{Efn|Archaeological excavations suggest the site to have been active between the seventh and twelfth century CE.<ref name="Jahan" />}} and from the [[Buranji|Kamrupa Buranji]] that explicitly equates Jalpeśvar with Prithu.<ref name=":2" />

===Later Reassessments===

In contrast, [[Nalini Kanta Bhattasali]] rejected such an identification and saw no reason to doubt that Prithu was a rebel based out of Awadh.<ref name=":0" /> He relied on the Tejpur copper-plates—that had been rejected by Barua on grounds of there being too many rulers (four) in the span of forty-five years since Vaidyadeva—to propose that the ruler of Kamrup, contemporary to Bakhtiyar, must have been some successor of Vallabhadeva.<ref name=":0" />{{efn|Bhattasali hypothesized this successor to be '''Viśvasundaradeva''', based on a fatal mis-reading of the Gachtal inscription; he read it as recording Viśvasundaradeva's order to one Chandrakanta to repair the damage to a Śiva temple that had been inflicted by the [[Mleccha|Mlechhas]].<ref name=":0" /> In reality, there is only proper name in the inscription—that of Vishnuvasadhara, the engraver—and the content, as noted before, is totally different.}} Likewise, [[Dineshchandra Sircar]] found no reason to question Juzjani’s chronology on the basis of later local traditions; he agreed that a successor of Vallabhadeva must have repelled Bakhtiyar though, given the absence of any named ruler in the Kanaibarasi inscription and the likely political fragmentation of Kamarupa at the time, it was probable that other regional rulers participated in the resistance.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sircar |first=Dineshchandra |title=The Comprehensive History of Assam |date=August 2007 |publisher=Publication Board Assam |editor-last=Barpujari |editor-first=H.K. |edition=3 |volume=I: Ancient Period (From the Pre-historic Times to theTwelfth Century A.D.) |location=Guwahati |pages=167-170 |language=en |chapter=Political History (Section III: The Bhauma-Naraka or Pāla Dynasty of Brahmapāla)}}</ref>

== Politics of memory ==
With the rise of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the state, Prithu—similar to [[Lachit Borphukan#Contemporary narratives|Lachit Borphukan]]—has been inducted into a Hindu Nationalist framework as an Assamese Hindu icon who defended the territory against perceived Muslim aggression.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Baruah |first=Sukrita |date=29 August 2025 |title=Looking for Prithu, Assam’s ‘forgotten hero’ who is said to have defeated Bakhtiyar Khilji |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-history/looking-for-prithu-assams-forgotten-hero-who-is-said-to-have-defeated-bakhtiyar-khilji-10217529/ |work=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref> In March 2026, the Government of Assam announced its decision to name a flyover in the state capital after Prithu.<ref name=":6" /> [[Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana]] (ABISY), an affiliate of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] that promotes reinterpretations of Indian history from a [[Hindutva|Hindu Nationalist perspective]], particularly by instrumentalizing local folklores, has played a significant role in popularizing the legend of Prithu.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Berti |first=Daniela |date=2007-12-01 |title=Hindu Nationalists and Local History: from Ideology to Local Lore |url=http://www.fupress.net/index.php/rss/article/view/2462/2297 |journal=Rivista di Studi Sudasiatici |language=EN |volume=2 |issue=1 |issn=1970-9501 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415160851/http://www.fupress.net/index.php/rss/article/view/2462/2297 |archive-date=2016-04-15}}</ref> Raktim Patar, a historian at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], has been associated with these efforts, including organizing national seminars on the subject and authoring monographs dedicated to Prithu.<ref name=":6" />

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raja Prithu}}
[[Category:History of Assam]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:12th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:1228 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Kings of Kamarupa]]

Mahramsar

2026-05-02T00:34:21Z

Jina m. butchart: Adding page

{{Short description|Village in Bikaner (Rajasthan), India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mahramsar
| settlement_type = Village
| map_caption = Mahramsar (India)
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|27.7628|N|73.6841|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bikaner District|Bikaner]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Sub-District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jasrasar]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati Raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 6.59
| population_total = 833
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products__rajasthan.html|title=Census of India : Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 : Rajasthan|last=ORGI}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official Language
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 334802
| registration_plate = RJ-50, RJ-07
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=18 November 2024|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
}}

'''Mahramsar''' is a small village located in [[Jasrasar]] Tehsil of [[Bikaner District]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]].

People residing in this village rely on agriculture, consists both irrigated and non-irrigated farming.

==Demographics==
According to the 2011 Census, conducted by the [[Government of India]], the population of this village was 833, out of which 447 were males and 386 were females.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Mahramsar village as per 2011-Census, conducted by Government of India. |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/69598-mahramsar-rajasthan.html |access-date= 18 November 2024}}</ref>
The literacy rate was 46.46%.

Inhabitants of this village follows [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population by religious community - Bikaner District |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS}}</ref>

{{Bar box|float=right|title=Religion in Mahramsar village (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Rajasthan|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|titlebar=#Fcd117|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|100}}
|caption=Distribution of religions in Mahramsar Village}}

[[Bagri language|Bagri]] is the most spoken language here.
[[Hindi Language|Hindi]], and [[English Language|English]] are officially used languages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Languages in Mahramsar village|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10234/download/13346/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX}}</ref>

{{Pie chart|thumb=left|value1=97.5|value2=1|value3=1.5|color1=yellow|color2=red|color3=Pink|caption=Languages of Mahramsar village(2011)|label1=[[Bagri language|Bagri]]|label2=[[Hindi]]|label3=[[English Language|English]]}}

Pin Code (Postal Index Number Code) of this village is 334802.

==Transportation==
Transport facilities in this village are good. This village is located near [[State Highway 20 (Rajasthan)|SH-20]], and [[State Highway 20B (Rajasthan)|SH-20(B)]].<ref>{{cite web |title= SH-20(B) Project, Bikaner-Napasar-Ladnun Highway |url=https://www.pioneerinfraindia.com/52-dpr-package-5/ |date=12 November 2024}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Jasrasar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

[[Category:Villages in Bikaner district]]

{{Bikanerdivision-geo-stub}}

Vennakkara

2026-04-30T09:31:58Z

Jina m. butchart:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
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| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
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| postal_code = 678 004
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0491
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-09
| blank1_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank1_info_sec1 =
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}}

'''Vennakkara''' is an area in [[Palakkad]] city, [[Kerala]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Postal pin code number of vennakkara palakkad, Kerala |url=https://bankifscpincodenumber.com/Kerala/Vennakkara-Palakkad/india/ |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=bankifscpincodenumber.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Keralam |first=Digital |title=KSEB Transmission Wing, Vennakkara, Palakkad |url=http://www.digitalkeralam.com/widget/?widgetid=11079 |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=Digital Keralam |language=en}}</ref> It is located about {{cvt|5|km}} from the city centre. Vennakkara is wards 32 and 33 of Palakkad Municipality.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Self Government Department {{!}} Local Self Government Department |url=https://lsgkerala.gov.in/en/lbelection/electdmemberdet/2015/208 |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=lsgkerala.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/accused-in-riot-case-held-after-30-years/article65345977.ece | title=Accused in riot case held after 30 years | newspaper=The Hindu | date=23 April 2022 }}</ref>

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Palakkad district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Palakkad district]]
[[Category:Suburbs of Palakkad]]

Md. Mottakin Alam

2026-04-27T12:15:05Z

Jina m. butchart: Adding a page!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Md. Mottakin Alam
| image = Md Mottakin Alam.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = 1979
| birth_place = English Bazar, [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| office1 = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Manikchak Assembly constituency|Manikchak]]
| term_start1 = 2016
| term_end1 = 2021
| predecessor1 = [[Sabitri Mitra]]
| successor1 = [[Sabitri Mitra]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| occupation = Politician
}}

'''Mohammad Mottakin Alam''' (born 1979)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Md. Mottakin Alam (Indian National Congress (INC)):Constituency- Manikchak (Malda) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=1883 |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. He is a former member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Manikchak Assembly constituency]] in [[Malda district]]. He was elected in the [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Manickchak Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/manickchak-west-bengal-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Alam is from [[English Bazar Municipality|English Bazar]], Malda district, West Bengal. He is the son of late Ali Mohammad. He studied Class 10 at Jadupur Anchal High School and passed the examinations conducted by [[West Bengal Board of Secondary Education]] in 1996.

== Career ==
Alam was first elected as an MLA from Manikchak Assembly constituency representing the Indian National Congress in the 1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. He polled 78,472 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Sabitri Mitra]] of the [[All India Trinamool Congress]], by a margin of 12,603 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-03 |title=West Bengal Assembly election 2021, Manikchak profile: Congress's Md Mottakin Alam won seat in 2016 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-manikchak-profile-congresss-md-mottakin-alam-won-seat-in-2016-9307741.html |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> He lost the next election in 2021 and could finish only third. Sabitri Mitra of the Trinamool Congress won the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] defeating Gour Chand Mandal of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. Sitting MLA Alam could only poll 11,555 votes while winner Mitra got 110,234 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manickchak Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Sabitri Mitra of TMC Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/manickchak-election-result-2021-live-updates-manickchak-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3694895.html |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manikchak Assembly Election Results 2021 - Manikchak Vidhan Sabha Election Results |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/manikchak-west-bengal-election-result-2021 |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mottakin Alam, Md.}}
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Malda district]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]

1946 Indian Constituent Assembly election

2026-04-26T06:48:32Z

Jina m. butchart:

{{Short description|1946 indirect election in British India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
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| type = parliamentary
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| next_year = 1951
| elected_members = [[1947 Pakistani Constituent Assembly election|Pakistan (1947)]]
| election_date = {{Start date|1946|07}}
| seats_for_election = 296 seats in the [[Constituent Assembly of India]]
| registered = 1,585
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| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Jawaharlal Nehru 1957 crop.jpg|bSize=75|cWidth=70|cHeight=92|oLeft=|oTop=0}}
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| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Jinnah1945c.jpg|bSize=70|cWidth=70|cHeight=100|oLeft=|oTop=0}}
| leader2 = [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
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| before_election = [[Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell|Lord Archibald Wavell]]
| before_party =
| after_election = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| after_party = Indian National Congress
}}
In 1946, prior to the [[independence of India]], members of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] were selected through an [[indirect election]] by the elected legislators of the [[1946 Indian provincial elections]], conducted under the British government's [[1946 Cabinet Mission to India|Cabinet Mission plan]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Assembling India's Constitution: Towards a New History|first1=Rohit|last1=De|first2=Ornit|last2=Shani|volume=263|issue=1|year=2024|page=206|doi=10.1093/pastj/gtad009|journal=[[Past & Present (journal)|Past & Present]]|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Background==
{{See also|Indian independence movement|Pakistan Movement}}
After the [[1946 Indian provincial elections]] were held across all provinces of [[British India]] to elect legislative assemblies, the [[British government]] sent a [[1946 Cabinet Mission to India|Cabinet Mission]] to the colony. The mission proposed the creation of a single Indian confederation in which the group of provinces would have the freedom to create their own constitutions as self-governing units.<ref name=b>{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Pakistan}}</ref> According to the proposal, a Constituent Assembly was to be formed, which would then lead to the creation of an interim government. This interim government would convene the assembly.<ref>{{Cite Banglapedia|title=Cabinet Mission}}</ref> On 30 June 1946, it was announced from the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan|Viceroy's House]] that the elections would be held in July.<ref>{{cite news|title=CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS Likely To Be Concluded By End Of July|date=1 July 1946|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref>

==Nominations==
On 30 June 1946, the [[Indian National Congress]] formed a committee for the purpose of the elections in [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal Province]]. It was reported that the party would nominate candidates for 25 seats in the province. Meanwhile, before the nomination deadline of 19 July, the party was attempting to find candidates in [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], and it was reported that they were even considering nominating individuals from outside the party.<ref>{{cite news|title=গণ-পরিষদের নির্ব্বাচনের তোড়জোড়|trans-title=Preparations for the Constituent Assembly elections|lang=bn|page=1|date=1 July 1946|newspaper=[[Jugantar Patrika]]}}</ref> On 1 July 1946, the [[All-India Muslim League]] announced the names of some candidates for the Constituent Assembly elections.<ref>{{cite news|title=List Of League Candidates|page=1|date=2 July 1946|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref> On 2 July, it was announced that the Congress had sent election instructions to the heads and secretaries of the provincial branches of its parliamentary party.<ref>{{cite news|title=Constituent Assembly Elections Detailed Instructions To Congress Premiers|page=1|date=3 July 1946|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref> On 3 July, the [[Hindu Mahasabha]] confirmed its participation in the Constituent Assembly elections. On 4 July, the Indian National Congress announced its list of candidates for [[Bihar Province]]. On the same day, the All-India Muslim League finalized its candidates for [[United Provinces (British India)|United Provinces]] and also announced candidates for [[Bombay Province]], Bihar Province, and Punjab Province.<ref>{{cite news|title=CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS|page=4|date=5 July 1946|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref> On 5 July, League announced more candidates. On the same day, [[Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai]] was nominated from [[Anjuman-i-Watan Baluchistan|Anjuman-i-Watan]] for the scheduled 12 July election in [[Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province)|Baluchistan Province]]. Meanwhile, the Congress called for applications to nominate candidates from Bengal Province.<ref>{{cite news|title=Constituent Assembly Elections|page=4|date=7 July 1946|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref> On 8 July, the Congress announced 7 candidates from [[Assam Province]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Constituent Assembly Election Names of Assam Congress Nominees|page=4|date=10 July 1946|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref> After the nomination deadline of 10 July passed, it was revealed that for the 60 Constituent Assembly seats from Bengal Province, 26 Congress and 33 League candidates submitted nominations to the [[Bengal Legislative Assembly (1937—1947)|Bengal Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Constituent Assembly Elections Congress and League Nominees From Bengal|page=1|date=11 July 1946|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref> On 12 July, nominations were submitted for 28 candidates from Bihar Province.<ref>{{cite news|title=Constituent Assembly Elections BIHAR CANDIDATES Congress Contesting 28 Seats Out Of 31|page=4|date=13 July 1946|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref> On 14 July, the Congress announced 19 candidates from Bombay Province.<ref>{{cite news|title=CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY CANDIDATES Bombay Congress Nominates Patel, Jayakar, & 17 Others|page=8|date=15 July 1946|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref> On 13 July, the Congress finalized 45 candidates for [[Madras Presidency|Madras Province]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Constituent Assembly Elections Madras Selects 45 Members|page=1|date=14 July 1946|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref> Before the deadline for withdrawal of nominations on 15 July, all Sikh candidates from Punjab Province withdrew their nominations.<ref>{{cite news|title=CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY All Sikh Nominees Withdraw Nominations|page=1|date=16 July 1946|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref> On the same day, the Congress finalized its candidates for 16 general seats from [[Central Provinces and Berar]].<ref>{{cite news|title=C.P. & Berar Candidates|page=5|date=17 July 1946|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref> As the representatives from the Baluchistan region were already members of the [[Shahi Jirga]] and [[Quetta Municipality]], the All-India Muslim League did not nominate any candidates from that region.<ref>{{cite news|title=CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY No Muslim League Ticket For Balochistan Candidate|page=1|date=18 July 1946|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref>

==Results==
On 16 July, from Assam Province, 7 candidates from the Indian National Congress and 3 from the All-India Muslim League were elected.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam Assembly Votes Against Grouping|page=1|date=18 July 1946|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> From Bengal Province, 32 Muslim seats were won by the All-India Muslim League, and 1 by the [[Krishak Praja Party]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Constituent Assembly Fazlul Huq & 32 League Nominees Elected|page=1|date=19 July 1946|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref> Additionally, out of 27 general seats, the Indian National Congress won 26. In Central Provinces and Berar, 17 Congress candidates were elected unopposed.<ref>{{cite news|title=CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS IN BENGAL|page=1|date=20 July 1946|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref> From [[Orissa Province]], 8 candidates from the Indian National Congress and 1 independent were elected.<ref>{{cite news|title=Eight Congressmen And One Independent Elected In Orissa|page=8|date=20 July 1946|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref> In the [[North-West Frontier Province]], out of three seats, 1 went to the All-India Muslim League and 2 to the Indian National Congress. From Punjab Province, 15 seats were won by the All-India Muslim League and 1 by the [[Unionist Party (Punjab)|Unionist Party]].<ref>{{cite news|title=সীমান্ত প্রদেশ হইতে মৌলানা আজাদ গণ-পরিষদে নির্ব্বাচিত|trans-title=Maulana Azad Elected to Constituent Assembly from Frontier Province|lang=bn|page=6|date=21 July 1946|newspaper=[[Jugantar Patrika]]}}</ref> However, the Unionist member was later expelled. In Punjab, the Congress had 5 upper-caste Hindus, 1 [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Harijan]], and the Unionists had 1 upper-caste Hindu and 1 Harijan elected. From the [[Sind Province (1936–55)|Sindh Province]], 3 candidates from the All-India Muslim League and 1 from the Indian National Congress were elected, while from Baluchistan, 1 independent candidate won.<ref>{{cite news|title='B' GROUP ELECTIONS ANALYSIS|lang=en|page=8|date=22 July 1946|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref> From the United Provinces, 45 candidates from the Indian National Congress, 7 from the All-India Muslim League, and 3 independents were elected.<ref>{{cite news|title=যুক্ত প্রদেশে গণ-পরিষদের নির্ব্বাচন|trans-title=Constituent Assembly Elections in United Provinces|lang=bn|page=2|date=23 July 1946|newspaper=[[Jugantar Patrika]]}}</ref> In Bihar Province, 28 from Indian National Congress, 5 from the All-India Muslim League, and 3 independents won. From Madras Province, 4 Muslim League members were elected unopposed.<ref>{{cite news|title=Constituent Assembly|page=5|date=24 July 1946|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref> Indian National Congress won all 45 general seats in Madras Province.<ref>{{cite news|title=Constituent Assembly MADRAS QUOTA Congress Captures All General Seats|page=1|date=25 July 1946|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref> From Bombay Province, 19 Congress candidates were elected, along with 2 unopposed Muslim League members. As of 24 July, Congress had won 207 seats, the Muslim League 73, independents 12, and other parties 3 seats.<ref>{{cite news|title=Absolute Majority For Congress In Consambly|page=1|date=25 July 1946|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>
{{Election results
|image=[[File:India Constituent Assembly 1946.svg]]
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=|seats1=208
|party2=[[All-India Muslim League]]|votes2=|seats2=73
|party13=Independents and Others|color13=#DCDCDC|votes13=|seats13=15
|total_seats=296
|electorate=1585
|source=
}}

{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
! State/Province
! Seat
! Candidate
! colspan="2"| Party
|-
| [[Ajmer-Merwara]]
| General
| data-sort-value="Bhargava" | [[Mukat Behari Lal Bhargava|Mukut Bihari Lai Bhargava]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="10" | [[Assam Province|Assam]]
| rowspan="7" |General
| data-sort-value="Das" | [[Akshay Kumar Das]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=7}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Das" | [[Basanta Kumar Das (Pakistani politician)|Basanta Kumar Das]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Basumatari" | [[Dharanidhar Basumatari]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Bardoloi" | [[Gopinath Bordoloi|Gopinath Bardoloi]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Roy" | [[J.J.M Nichols Roy|J. J. Nichols Roy]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Das" | [[Omeo Kumar Das]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Chaudhary" | [[Rohini Kumar Chaudhuri|Rohini Kumar Chaudhari]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | Muslim
| data-sort-value="Hamid" | Abdul Hamid
| {{Full party name with color|All-India Muslim League|rowspan=3}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Choudhury" | Abdul Matin Choudhury
|-
| data-sort-value="Saadulla" | Muhammad Saadulla
|-
| [[Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province)|Baluchistan]]
| –
| data-sort-value="Jogazai" | Mohammad Khan Jogazai
| {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| rowspan="60" |[[Bengal Province, British India|Bengal]]
| rowspan="27" |General
| data-sort-value="Guha" | [[Arun Chandra Guha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=25}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Mallick" | Ashutosh Mallick
|-
| data-sort-value="Gurung" | [[Damber Singh Gurung]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Khaitan" | [[Debi Prasad Khaitan]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Roy" | [[Dhananjoy Roy]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Datta" | [[Dhirendranath Datta]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Anthony" | Frank Reginald Anthony
|-
| data-sort-value="Mookerjee" | H. C. Mookerjee
|-
| data-sort-value="Naskar" | Hem Chandra Naskar
|-
| data-sort-value="Majumdar" | [[Jnanendra Chandra Majumdar]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Roy" | [[Kiran Shankar Roy|Kiran Sankar Roy]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Roy" | [[Lila Roy]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Ghosh" | [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Sen" | Prafulla Chandra Sen
|-
| data-sort-value="Thakur" | [[Pramatha Ranjan Thakur]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Raikat" | [[Prasanna Deb Raikut|Prasanna Deb Raikat]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Sen" | Priya Ranjan Sen
|-
| data-sort-value="Das" | Radhanath Das
|-
| data-sort-value="Chakravarty" | [[Raj Kumar Chakraverty|Raj Kumar Chakravarty]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Bose" | [[Sarat Chandra Bose]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Bakshi" | Satya Ranjan Bakshi
|-
| data-sort-value="Ghose" | [[Surendra Mohan Ghose]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Banerjee" | Suresh Chandra Banerjee
|-
| data-sort-value="Mookerjee" | [[Syama Prasad Mookerjee]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Mahtab" | [[Uday Chand Mahtab]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Ambedkar" | [[B. R. Ambedkar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Scheduled Castes Federation}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Lahiri" | [[Somnath Lahiri]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party}}
|-
| rowspan="33" |Muslim
| data-sort-value="Hamid" | A. M. Abdul Hamid
| {{Full party name with color|All-India Muslim League|rowspan=32}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Khan" | [[Abdul Kasem Khan]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Mahmood" | [[Abdullah al Mahmood|Abdulla-al-Mahmood]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Hashem" | Abul Hashem
|-
| data-sort-value="Karim" | Bazlul Karim
|-
| data-sort-value="Khan" | Ebrahim Khan
|-
| data-sort-value="Rahman" | [[Fazlur Rahman (politician, born 1905)|Fazlur Rahman]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Huq" | Formuzul Huq
|-
| data-sort-value="Pathan" | [[Ghayasuddin Pathan|Ghiyasuddin Pathan]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Suhrawardy" | [[H. S. Suhrawardy]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Chowdhury" | [[Hamidul Huq Chowdhury|Haniidul Huq Chowdhury]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Qureshi" | [[Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi|I. H. Qureshi]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Nuruddin" | K. Nuruddin
|-
| data-sort-value="Shahabuddin" | [[Khwaja Shahabuddin|K. Shahabuddin]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Nazimuddin" | [[Khwaja Nazimuddin]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Khan" | [[Liaquat Ali Khan]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Ispahani" | M. A. Ispahani
|-
| data-sort-value="Ahmed" | M. Altaf Ahmed
|-
| data-sort-value="Haque" | [[Azizul Haque (educator)|M. Azizul Haque]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Ali" | M. S. Ali
|-
| data-sort-value="Hussain" | [[Mahmud Husain|Mahmud Hussain]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Huq" | Mazharul Huq
|-
| data-sort-value="Baqui" | [[Abdullah al-Baqi|Md. Abdiilla-hel Baqui]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Hassan" | Mohammad Hassan
|-
| data-sort-value="Malik" | Mohammad Hussain Malik
|-
| data-sort-value="Khan" | Mujibar Rahman Khan
|-
| data-sort-value="Ahsan" | [[Raghib Ahsan]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Ikramullah" | [[Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah|S. S. Ikramullah]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Islam" | [[Serajul Islam]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Usmani" | [[Shabbir Ahmad Usmani]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Khan" | [[Tamizuddin Khan]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Mirza" | Yusuf Mirza
|-
| data-sort-value="Huq" | [[A. K. Fazlul Huq]]
| {{Full party name with color| Krishak Praja Party}}
|-
| rowspan="36" |[[Bihar Province|Bihar]]
| rowspan="31" |General
| data-sort-value="Ghosh" | [[Amiyo Kumar Ghosh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=28}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Singh" | [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha|Anugrah Narayan Singh]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Jhunjhunwala" | [[Banarsi Prasad Jhunjhunwala]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Prasad" | Bhagwat Prasad
|-
| data-sort-value="Larke" | [[Boniface Lakra]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Prasad" | [[Brajeshwar Prasad|Brajeswar Prasad]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Ram" | [[Chandrika Ram]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Samanta" | Devendranath Samanta
|-
| data-sort-value="Singh" | Dipnarain Singh
|-
| data-sort-value="Singh" | [[Guptanath Singh]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Sahay" | Jadubans Sahay
|-
| data-sort-value="Lal" | Jagdish Narain Lal
|-
| data-sort-value="Ram" | [[Jagjivan Ram]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Shah" | [[K. T. Shah]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Yadav" | [[Kamleshwari Prasad Yadav|Kamaleshwari Prasad Yadav]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Singh" | Mahesh Prasad Singh
|-
| data-sort-value="Mahtha" | Narain Mahtha
|-
| data-sort-value="Sen" | [[P. K. Sen]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Varma" | Phulan Prasad Varma
|-
| data-sort-value="Prasad" | Raghunandan Prasad
|-
| data-sort-value="Prasad" | [[Rajendra Prasad]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Singh" | [[Rameshwar Prasad Sinha|Rameshwar Prasad Singh]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Singh" | [[Ram Narayan Singh|Ramnarain Singh]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Sinha" | [[Sachchidananda Sinha]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Singh" | [[Sarangdhar Sinha|Sarangdhar Singh]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Naidu" | [[Sarojini Naidu]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Sinha" | [[Satya Narayan Sinha|Satyanarain Sinha]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Sinha" | [[Sri Krishna Sinha]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Singh" | [[Jaipal Singh Munda|Jaipal Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent|rowspan=3}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Singh" | [[Kameshwar Singh]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Sahay" | [[Shyam Nandan Sahay]]
|-
| rowspan="5" |Muslim
| data-sort-value="Imam" | [[Hussain Imam]]
| {{Full party name with color|All-India Muslim League|rowspan=5}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Rahman" | Latifur Rahman
|-
| data-sort-value="Tahir" | [[Mohammad Tahir (politician)|Muhammad Tahir]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Imam" | [[Jafar Imam|Saiyid Jaffar Imam]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Hussain" | [[Tajamul Husain|Tajamal Hussain]]
|-
| rowspan="21" |[[Bombay province|Bombay]]
| rowspan="19" |General
| data-sort-value="D’Souza" | Alban D’Souza
| Indian National {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=19}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Kher" | [[B. G. Kher]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Gupte" | B. M. Gupte
|-
| data-sort-value="Pataskar" | [[Hari Vinayak Pataskar|H. V. Pataskar]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Mehta" | [[Hansa Mehta]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Jedhe" | [[Keshavrao Jedhe|K. M. Jedhe]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Munshi" | [[K. M. Munshi]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Desai" | [[Kanayalal Nanabhai Desai|Kanyalal Desai]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Desai" | [[Kandubhai Desai|Khandubhai Desai]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Masani" | [[Minoo Masani|M. R. Masani]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Gadgil" | [[N. V. Gadgil]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Nalwade" | R. M. Nalwade
|-
| data-sort-value="Diwakar" | [[R. R. Diwakar]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Patil" | [[S. K. Patil]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Mane" | S. N. Mane
|-
| data-sort-value="Nijalingappa" | [[S. Nijalingappa]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Patel" | [[Vallabhbhai Patel]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Deo" | [[Shankarrao Deo]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Shah" | [[Shantilal Shah]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |Muslim
| data-sort-value="Sheikh" | [[Abdul Kadar Mohammad Shaikh|Abdul Kader Sheikh]]
| {{Full party name with color|All-India Muslim League|rowspan=2}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Chundrigar" | [[I. I. Chundrigar]]
|-
| rowspan="17" |[[Central Provinces and Berar]]
| rowspan="16" |General
| data-sort-value="Kaur" | [[Amrit Kaur]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=16}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Mandloi" | [[Bhagwantrao Annabhau Mandloi|Bhagwantrao Annabhan Mandloi]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Biyani" | [[Brijlal Biyani|Brijlal Nandlal Biyani]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Gibbon" | [[Cecil Edward Gibbon]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Govinddas" | [[Seth Govind Das|Govinddas]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Agarmandas" | Guru Agamdas Agarmandas
|-
| data-sort-value="Gaur" | [[Hari Singh Gour|Hari Singh Gaur]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Kamath" | [[Hari Vishnu Kamath]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Khandekar" | Hemchandra Jagobaji Khandekar
|-
| data-sort-value="Bhatkar" | [[Laxman Shrawan Bhatkar|Laxman Slirawan Bhatkar]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Deshmukh" | [[Panjabrao Deshmukh|Punjabrao Shamrao Deshmukh]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Sukla" | [[Ravishankar Shukla|Ravi Shankar Sukla]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Sidhwa" | Rustomji Khursedji Sidhwa
|-
| data-sort-value="Dharmadhikari" | [[Dada Dharmadhikari|Shankara Tryambak Dharmadhikari]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Chhedilal" | Thakur Chhedilal
|-
| data-sort-value="Kalappa" | V. R. Kalappa
|-
| Muslim
| data-sort-value="Karimuddin" | Kazi Syed Karimuddin
| {{Full party name with color|All-India Muslim League}}
|-
| [[Coorg Province|Coorg]]
| General
| data-sort-value="Punachcha" | [[C. M. Poonacha|C. M. Punachcha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="49" |[[Madras province|Madras]]
| rowspan="45" |General
| data-sort-value="Swaminathan" | [[Ammu Swaminathan]]
| Indian National {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=45}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Aiyar" | Alladi Krishnaswami Aiyar
|-
| data-sort-value="Reddi" | [[B. Gopala Reddy|B. Gopala Reddi]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Rao" | [[B. Shiva Rao]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Reddiar" | C. Perumalswami Reddiar
|-
| data-sort-value="Rajagopalachari" | [[C. Rajagopalachari]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Subramaniam" | [[C. Subramaniam]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Doss" | D. Govind Doss
|-
| data-sort-value="Velayudhan" | [[Dakshayani Velayudhan]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Bai" | [[G. Durgabai|G. Durga Bai]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Reddi" | H. Sitarama Reddi
|-
| data-sort-value="D’Souza" | [[Jerome D'Souza|Jerome D’Souza]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Chandramouli" | K. Chandramouli
|-
| data-sort-value="Nadar" | [[K. Kamaraj Nadar]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Menon" | K. Madhava Menon
|-
| data-sort-value="Santhanam" | [[K. Santhanam]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Rao" | [[Kala Venkata Rao]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Bharathi" | [[L. Krishnaswami Bharathi]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Iyengar" | M. Anantasayanam Iyengar
|-
| data-sort-value="Pillai" | [[M. C. Veerabahu Pillai|M. C. Virabahu Pillai]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Chettiar" | [[M. A. Muthiah Chettiar|Muthia Chettiar]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Ranga" | [[N. G. Ranga]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Ayyangar" | [[N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Reddi" | [[N. Sanjeeva Reddy|N. Sanjeev Reddi]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Reddiar" | [[O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar|O. P. Ramaswami Reddiar]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Alagesan" | [[O. V. Alagesan]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Kakkan" | [[P. Kakkan]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Kunhiraman" | P. Kunhiraman
|-
| data-sort-value="Raju" | P. L. Narasimha Raju
|-
| data-sort-value="Velayudhapani" | P. M. Velayudhapani
|-
| data-sort-value="Subbarayan" | P. Subbarayan
|-
| data-sort-value="Sitarainayya" | Pattabhi Sitarainayya
|-
| data-sort-value="Rao" | Ramakrishna Ranga Rao
|-
| data-sort-value="Goenka" | Raninath Goenka
|-
| data-sort-value="Prater" | S. H. Prater
|-
| data-sort-value="Nagappa" | S. Nagappa
|-
| data-sort-value="Chettiar" | [[T. A. Ramalingam Chettiar]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Wilson" | T. J. M. Wilson
|-
| data-sort-value="Prakasam" | [[T. Prakasam]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Krishnamachari" | [[T. T. Krishnamachari]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Mallayya" | U. Srinivasa Mallayya
|-
| data-sort-value="Rao" | [[V. C. Kesava Rao]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Pillai" | [[V. I. Munuswamy Pillai|V. I. Muniswami Pillai]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Pillai" | V. Nadimuthu Pillai
|-
| data-sort-value="Subramaniam" | V. Subramaniam
|-
| rowspan="4" |Muslim
| data-sort-value="Baig" | [[Mahboob Ali Baig Sahib Bahadur|A. Mahabub Ali Baig]]
| {{Full party name with color|All-India Muslim League|rowspan=4}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Poker" | [[B. Pocker|B. Poker]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Sait" | Haji Abdul Sathar H. Issaq Sait
|-
| data-sort-value="Ibrahim" | [[K. T. M. Ahmed Ibrahim]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[North-West Frontier Province|North West Frontier Province]]
| rowspan="3" |Muslim
| data-sort-value="Azad" | [[Abul Kalam Azad]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Khan" | [[Abdul Ghaffar Khan]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Khan" | Bahadur Khan
| {{Full party name with color|All-India Muslim League}}
|-
| rowspan="9" |[[Orissa Province|Orissa]]
| rowspan="9" |General
| data-sort-value="Das" | B. Das
| Indian National {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=8}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Das" | [[Bishwanath Das|Biswanath Das]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Dube" | Bodhram Dube
|-
| data-sort-value="Mahatab" | [[Harekrushna Mahatab|Harekrishna Mahatab]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Chowdhury" | [[Malati Choudhury|Malati Chowdhury]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Das" | Nanda Kishore Das
|-
| data-sort-value="Bose" | Rajkrishna Bose
|-
| data-sort-value="Das" | Santanu Kumar Das
|-
| data-sort-value="Sahu" | [[Laxminarayan Sahu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| rowspan="28" |[[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]]
| rowspan="8" |General
| data-sort-value="Chand" | Bakhshi Sir Tek Chand
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Lal" | Chaman Lal
|-
| data-sort-value="Bhargava" | [[Gopi Chand Bhargava]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Khanna" | [[Mehr Chand Khanna]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Azad" | [[Prithvi Singh Azad]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Sharma" | Shri Ram Sharma
|-
| data-sort-value="Ram" | Chaudhri Harbhaj Ram
| {{Full party name with color|Unionist Party (Punjab)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Mal" | Rao Bahadur Chaudhri Suraj Mal
|-
| rowspan="16" |Muslim
| data-sort-value="Nishtar" | [[Abdur Rab Nishtar]]
| {{Full party name with color|All-India Muslim League|rowspan=15}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Haleem" | Abu Bakar Ahmad Haleem
|-
| data-sort-value="Nawaz" | [[Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz|Begum Jahan Ara Shah Nawaz]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Hassan" | Chaudhri Muhammad Hassan
|-
| data-sort-value="Noon" | [[Feroz Khan Noon]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Khan" | [[Ghazanfar Ali Khan]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Khan" | [[Iftikhar Hussain Khan Mamdot|Iftikhar Hussain Khan]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Khan" | Khan Bahadur Chaudhri [[Nazir Ahmed Khan|Nazir Ahmad Khan]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Ali" | Khan Bahadur [[Sheikh Karamat Ali]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Jinnah" | [[Mahomed Ali Jinnah]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Hayat" | [[Omar Hayat Malik|Malik Omar Hayat]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Iftikhar-ud-din" | [[Mian Iftikharuddin|Muhammad Iftikhar-ud-din]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Daultana" | [[Mumtaz Daultana|Mumtaz Muhammad Khan Daultana]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Ali" | Syed Amjad Ali
|-
| data-sort-value="Nairang" | [[Syed Ghulam Bhik Nairang|Syed Ghulani Bhik Nairang]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Qazilbaslh" | [[Muzaffar Ali Khan Qizilbash|Muzaffar Ali Khan Qazilbaslh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Unionist Party (Punjab)}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |Sikh
| data-sort-value="Singh" | Harnam Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal|rowspan=3}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Singh" | Kartar Singh
|-
| data-sort-value="Singh" | [[Ujjal Singh]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Singh" | [[Pratap Singh Kairon|Pratap Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Sind Province (1936–1955)|Sindh]]
| General
| data-sort-value="Daulatram" | [[Jairamdas Daulatram]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |Muslim
| data-sort-value="Sattar" | [[Abdus Sattar Abdur Rahman|Abdus Sattar]]
| {{Full party name with color|All-India Muslim League|rowspan=3}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Khuhro" | [[M. A. Khuhro]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Gazdar" | [[Hashim Gazdar|M. H. Gazdar]]
|-
| rowspan="55" |[[United Provinces (India)|United Provinces]]
| rowspan="47" |General
| data-sort-value="Dass" | [[A. Dharam Dass]]
| Indian National {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=44}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Jain" | [[Ajit Prasad Jain]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Shastri" | [[Algu Rai Shastri]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Sharma" | [[Balkrishna Sharma (CPI politician)|Balkrishna Sharma]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Misra" | Banshidhar Misra
|-
| data-sort-value="Din" | Bhagwan Din
|-
| data-sort-value="Swamp" | Damodar Swamp
|-
| data-sort-value="Bhagat" | Dayal Das Bhagat
|-
| data-sort-value="Prakash." | [[Dharam Prakash]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Gandhi" | [[Feroze Gandhi|Feroz Gandhi]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Narain" | Gopal Narain
|-
| data-sort-value="Srivastava" | Gopinath Srivastava
|-
| data-sort-value="Pant" | [[Govind Ballabh Pant]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Malaviya" | [[Govind Malaviya]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Pant" | [[Hargovind Pant]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Shastri" | [[Harihar Nath Shastri|Hariharnath Shastri]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Kunzru" | [[Hriday Nath Kunzru]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Kripalani" | [[J. B. Kripalani]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Kapoor" | [[Jaspat Roy Kapoor|Jaspat Rai Kapoor]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Nehru" | [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Singh" | [[Jogendra Singh (politician)|Jogendra Singh]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Kishore" | Jugal Kishore
|-
| data-sort-value="Katju" | [[Kailash Nath Katju]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Chaudhuri" | Kamala Chaudhuri
|-
| data-sort-value="Tewari" | Kamlapati Tewari
|-
| data-sort-value="Lal" | [[Khurshed Lal]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Seth" | Maheswar Dayal Seth
|-
| data-sort-value="Din" | [[Masuriya Din|Masuria Din]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Saxena" | [[Mohanlal Saksena|Mohan Lal Saxena]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Singh" | Phool Singh
|-
| data-sort-value="Lal" | [[Paragi Lal|Pragi Lal]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Banerjee" | [[Purnima Banerjee]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Tandan" | [[Purushottam Das Tandon|Purshottamdas Tandan]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Dhulekar" | [[R. V. Dhulekar]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Gupta" | Ram Chandra Gupta
|-
| data-sort-value="Radhakrishnan" | [[S. Radhakrishnan]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Saxena" | [[Shibban Lal Saxena]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Paliwal" | [[Srikrishna Dutt Paliwal|Shri Krishna Dutt Paliwal]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Prakasa" | [[Sri Prakasa]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Kripalani" | [[Sucheta Kripalani]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Lal" | [[Sunder Lal]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Tewari" | Venkatesh Narain Tewari
|-
| data-sort-value="Pandit" | [[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Tripathi" | [[Vishwambhar Dayalu Tripathi|Vishambhar Dayal Tripathi]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Singh" | Jagannath Baksh Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Independent|rowspan=3}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Srivastava" | [[Jwala Prasad Srivastava]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Singhania" | [[Padampat Singhania]]
|-
| rowspan="8" |Muslim
| data-sort-value="Khan" | Amir Haider Khan
| {{Full party name with color|All-India Muslim League|rowspan=7}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Rasul" | [[Begum Aizaz Rasul]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Kaliquzzaman" | [[Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman|Chaudhuri Kaliquzzaman]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Mohani" | [[Maulana Hasrat Mohani]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Khan" | Maulvi Aziz Ahmad Khan
|-
| data-sort-value="Khan" | [[Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Rizwanullah" | S. M. Rizwanullah
|-
| data-sort-value="Kidwai" | [[Rafi Ahmed Kidwai]]
| Indian National {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Delhi]]
| General
| data-sort-value="Gupta" | [[Deshbandhu Gupta]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Aftermath==
Following the election, the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] was formed. Although the Indian National Congress, the majority party in the Assembly, initially accepted the [[Cabinet Mission|Cabinet Mission's proposal]], they later rejected it.<ref name=b/> As a result, Muslim nationalist All-India Muslim League boycotted the assembly sessions,<ref>M. Lakshmikanth, ''Indian Polity for Civil Services Examinations'', 3rd ed., (New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, 2011), p. 2.3</ref> and its leader [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] refused to participate in the assembly.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44141168|title=THE MUSLIM LEAGUE AND THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF INDIA|first=Sangam|last=Lal|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|year=1981|volume=42|page=495|publisher=[[Indian History Congress]]}}</ref> On 2 September 1946, an [[Interim Government of India|interim government]] was formed under the leadership of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], leader of Indian National Congress.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-and-current-affairs/story/interim-government-260823-2015-09-02|title=India's first government was formed today: All you need to know|access-date=2016-05-27|archive-date=2017-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203558/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 3 June 1947, British prime minister [[Clement Attlee]] announced in a statement on the transfer of power in British India that [[Constituent Assembly of Pakistan|a new Constituent Assembly]] would be formed for the Indian Muslim state, proposed by All-India Muslim League, and that its members would be elected by the provincial legislatures based on the [[1947 Pakistani Constituent Assembly election|separate Constituent Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1947/jun/03/india-transfer-of-power|title=INDIA (TRANSFER OF POWER)|lang=en|date=3 June 1947|publisher=[[UK Parliament]]}}</ref> At that time, [[1947 Indian Constituent Assembly election|another Constituent Assembly election]] was held for India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=14 Jul 1947 Archives |url=https://www.constitutionofindia.net/debates/14-jul-1947/ |access-date=26 April 2026 |website=Constitution of India |language=en-US}}</ref> After the [[independence of India]] in 1947, the elected members contributed to the drafting of the [[Constitution of India]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ganguly |first=Sumit |date=February 2021 |title=A Chequered Brilliance: The Many Lives of V. K. Krishna Menon. By Jairam Ramesh. New Delhi: Penguin Random House India, 2019. 744 pp. {{text|ISBN:}} 9780670092321 (cloth). |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911820003964 |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=80 |issue=1 |pages=220–221 |doi=10.1017/s0021911820003964 |issn=0021-9118|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian elections}}
{{Pakistani elections}}

[[Category:1946 elections in India]]
[[Category:Constituent Assembly elections in Asia]]
[[Category:Indirect legislative elections]]
[[Category:Elections in British India]]
[[Category:Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:History of the Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:History of the All-India Muslim League]]

Baramulla Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-25T15:16:18Z

Jina m. butchart: creating new info

{{short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Baramulla
 {{Small|JK-1}}
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Jammu and Kashmir/Baramulla.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Baramulla Lok Sabha constituency
| established = 1967
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Er Rashid.jpg
| mp = [[Engineer Rashid|Sheikh Abdul Rashid]]
| party = {{Color box|#106031}} [[Jammu and Kashmir Awami Ittehad Party|JKAIP]]
| alliance = None
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| state =
| union_territory = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| assembly_cons = 
| electors = 17,37,865<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | title=EC releases absolute number of voters for all completed phases | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526094908/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | archive-date=2024-05-26}}</ref>
}}

'''Baramulla Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the five [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] in northern [[India]]. The 2024 election from this constituency was won by a Kashmiri separatist [[Engineer Rashid]].

==Assembly segments==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! AC No.
! AC Name
! District
! Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|1
||[[Karnah Assembly constituency|Karnah]]
| rowspan="6" | [[Kupwara district|Kupwara]]
|[[Javaid Ahmad Mirchal]]
|{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference|rowspan=2}}
|-
|2
| [[Trehgam Assembly constituency|Trehgam]]
|[[Saifullah Mir]]
|-
|3
| [[Kupwara Assembly constituency|Kupwara]]
|[[Mir Mohammad Fayaz]]
|{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party}}
|-
|4
| [[Lolab Assembly constituency|Lolab]]
|[[Qaysar Jamshaid Lone]]
|{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
|5
| [[Handwara Assembly constituency|Handwara]]
|[[Sajad Gani Lone]]
|{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference}}
|-
|6
| [[Langate Assembly constituency|Langate]]
|[[Khursheed Ahmed Sheikh]]
|{{party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}
|-
|7
| [[Sopore Assembly constituency|Sopore]]
|rowspan=7| [[Baramulla district|Baramulla]]
|[[Irshad Rasool Kar]]
|{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference|rowspan=5}}
|-
|8
| [[Rafiabad Assembly constituency|Rafiabad]]
|[[Javid Ahmad Dar]]
|-
|9
|[[Uri Assembly constituency|Uri]]
|[[Sajjad Safi]]
|-
|10
|[[Baramulla Assembly constituency|Baramulla]]
|[[Javid Hassan Baig]]
|-
|11
|[[Gulmarg Assembly constituency|Gulmarg]]
|[[Pirzada Farooq Ahmed Shah]]
|-
|12
|[[Wagoora-Kreeri Assembly constituency|Wagoora-Kreeri]]
|[[Irfan Hafiz Lone]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|13
|[[Pattan Assembly constituency|Pattan]]
|[[Javaid Riyaz]]
|{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference|rowspan=2}}
|-
|14
| [[Sonawari Assembly constituency|Sonawari]]
|rowspan=3| [[Bandipora district|Bandipora]]
|[[Hilal Akbar Lone]]
|-
|15
| [[Bandipora Assembly constituency|Bandipora]]
|[[Nizam Uddin Bhat]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|16
| [[Gurez Assembly constituency|Gurez]] (ST)
|[[Nazir Ahmad Khan (Indian politician)|Nazir Ahmad Khan]]
|{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
|27
| [[Budgam Assembly constituency|Budgam]]
|rowspan=2| [[Budgam district|Budgam]]
|[[Aga Syed Muntazir Mehdi]]
|{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party}}
|-
|28
| [[Beerwah Assembly constituency|Beerwah]]
|[[Shafi Ahmad Wani]]
|{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|Shaikh Mohammed Akbar
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress| rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Syed Ahmed Aga]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Abdul Ahad Vakil]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=5|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|[[Khwaja Mubarak Shah]]
|-
|1983^
| rowspan="3" |[[Saifuddin Soz]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[Ghulam Rasool Kar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|[[Saifuddin Soz]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=4|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Abdul Rashid Shaheen]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Sharifuddin Shariq]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[Muzaffar Hussain Baig]]
|{{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[Mohammad Akbar Lone]]
|{{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Engineer Rashid|Sheikh Abdul Rashid]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|}^ by poll

== Election results ==

===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Baramulla]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate|
|candidate = [[Engineer Rashid|Sheikh Abdul Rashid]]
|party = [[Independent politician|IND]]
|votes =472,481
|percentage =45.70
|change ={{increase}}24.58
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|candidate=[[Omar Abdullah]]|votes=268,339|percentage=25.95|change={{decrease}}3.74}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference|candidate=[[Sajjad Gani Lone]]|votes=173,239|percentage=16.76|change={{decrease}}6.74}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|candidate=[[Fayaz Ahmad Mir]]|votes=27,488|percentage=2.66|change={{decrease}}9.12}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=4,984|percentage=0.49|change={{decrease}}1.29}}
{{Election box majority||votes=204,142|percentage=19.74|change={{increase}}13.10}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,033,900|percentage=59.49|change={{increase}}24.60}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|loser =JKNC
|winner =Independent
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{notelist}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Baramulla]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|candidate= [[Mohammad Akbar Lone]]|votes=1,33,426|percentage=29.29|change={{decrease}}2.05}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Raja Aijaz Ali|party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference|votes=1,03,193|percentage=22.65|change={{increase}}7.38}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Sheikh Er Rashid
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
|votes = 1,02,168
|percentage = 22.43
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|candidate=Abdul Qayoom Wani|votes=53,530|percentage=11.75|change={{decrease}}25.86}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Haji Farooq Ahmad Mir|votes=34,532|percentage=7.58|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=8,128|percentage=1.78|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=M. M. War|votes=7,894|percentage=1.73|change={{increase}}0.32}}
{{Election box majority||votes=30,053|percentage=6.64|change={{increase}}0.37}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=4,57,931|percentage=34.89|change={{decrease}}4.24}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|loser = Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party
|winner = Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Baramulla]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party
|candidate = [[Muzaffar Hussain Baig]]
|votes = 1,75,277
|percentage = 37.61
|change = {{increase}}6.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
|candidate = [[Sharifuddin Shariq]]
|votes = 1,46,058
|percentage = 31.34
|change = {{decrease}}14.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Salamuddin Bajad
|party = Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference
|votes = 71,154
|percentage = 15.27
|change = {{increase}}0.45
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Er. Abdul Rashid Sheikh
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
|votes = 22,090
|percentage = 4.74
|change = New
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Abdul Hussain
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
|votes = 7,301
|percentage = 1.57
|change = New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Gulam Mohammad Mir
|votes = 6,558
|percentage = 1.41
|change = New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 4,568
|percentage = 0.98
|change = New
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 29,219
|percentage = 6.27
|change = {{decrease}}8.42
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 4,65,992
|percentage = 39.13
|change = {{decrease}}2.71
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|loser = Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
|winner = Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party
|swing = {{decrease}}8.40
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Baramulla]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|candidate=[[Sharifuddin Shariq]]|votes=2,03,022|percentage=46.01|change={{increase}}7.88}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|candidate=[[Mohammad Dilawar Mir]]|votes=1,38,208|percentage=31.32|change={{decrease}}3.86}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Sajjad Gani Lone]]|party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference|votes=65,403|percentage=14.82|change=}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Gowsia Bashir
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
|votes = 5,848
|percentage = 1.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority||votes=64,814|percentage=14.69|change={{increase}}11.74}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=4,41,234|percentage=41.84|change={{increase}}6.19}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections]]: [[Baramulla]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|candidate=[[Abdul Rashid Shaheen]]|votes=1,27,653|percentage=38.13|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|candidate=Nizamuddin Bhat|votes=1,17,758|percentage=35.18|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Ghulam Rasool Kar]]|votes=62,316|percentage=18.61|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Mir Khursheed Abbasi|votes=10,569|percentage=3.16|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Mohmad Akbar|votes=9,003|percentage=2.69|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party|candidate=Syed Mohd Rafiq Shah|votes=7,471|percentage=2.23|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=9,895|percentage=2.95|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=3,34,770|percentage=35.65|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Bandipora district]]
* [[Baramulla district]]
* [[Kupwara district]]
* [[Budgam district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/jammu_kashmir/baramulla/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Baramulla lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}

{{coord|34.202|74.352|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baramulla Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Baramulla district]]
[[Category:Kupwara district]]
[[Category:Bandipore district]]
[[Category:Budgam district]]
[[Category:Baramulla]]

J.R Midha

2026-04-25T02:59:41Z

Jina m. butchart: Adding Initial Article W/ Infobox

{{Short description|Former Chief Justice of Delhi High Court}}
{{Infobox judge
| name = J.R. Midha
| image =
| honorific_prefix =
| office = Chief Justice of [[Delhi High Court]]
| term_start = 11 April 2008
| term_end = 7 July 2021
| appointer =
| nominator =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| alma_mater =
}}
'''J.R Midha''' is an Indian jurist who served as a Judge of the [[Delhi High Court]] from 11 April 2008 to 7 July 2021. After his retirement, he became a Professor of Practice at the [[National Law University, Delhi]] (NLU Delhi).<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 February 2024 |title=Hon'ble Mr. Justice J.R. Midha |url=https://www.rgnul.ac.in/143/230/people/eminent-faculty/hon#:~:text=Midha%20served%20as%20a%20Judge,life%20and%20death%20sentence%20references. |access-date=16 February 2024 |work=rgnul.ac.in}}</ref>

== Career ==
{{BLP sources section|date=November 2024}}
J.R. Midha served as a Judge of the [[Delhi High Court]] for over a decade, handling several notable cases, including life and death sentence references.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 February 2024 |title=Hon'ble Mr. Justice J.R. Midha |url=https://www.rgnul.ac.in/143/230/people/eminent-faculty/hon#:~:text=Midha%20served%20as%20a%20Judge,life%20and%20death%20sentence%20references. |access-date=16 February 2024 |work=rgnul.ac.in}}</ref> He was known for his expertise in civil, criminal, and constitutional law. His judgments have had a lasting impact on the interpretation of various legal provisions. He and Pawan Reley has edited the Ninth Edition of B.V. Vishwanatha Aiyar’s Commentary on the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. As co-editors.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Advocate Pawan Reley Co-Edits Ninth Edition of B.V. Vishwanatha Aiyar's Landmark Commentary on The Code Of Civil Procedure 1908, Launched in Delhi - News |url= https://edtimes.in/advocate-pawan-reley-co-edits-ninth-edition-of-b-v-vishwanatha-aiyars-landmark-commentary-on-the-code-of-civil-procedure-1908-launched-in-delhi/ |access-date=2024-08-19|website=edtimes.in|date= 19 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title= Ninth Edition of B.V. Vishwanatha Aiyer's Landmark Commentary on the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 Launched in New Delhi- News |url= https://www.lawyersclubindia.com/articles/ninth-edition-of-b-v-vishwanatha-aiyar-s-landmark-commentary-on-the-code-of-civil-procedure-1908-launched-in-new-delhi-16992.asp |access-date=2024-08-19|website=lawyersclubindia.com|language=en}}</ref>

=== Justice of Delhi High Court ===
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=November 2024}}
J.R. Midha was appointed as Chief Justice of the [[Delhi High Court]] on 11 April 2008, a position he held until his retirement on 7 July 2021. During his tenure, he presided over several important cases, contributing to the development of legal standards and practices in India. He played a pivotal role in ensuring justice in many complex cases.

=== Post-retirement ===
After retiring from the judiciary, J.R. Midha joined the [[National Law University, Delhi]] as a Professor of Practice.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 February 2024 |title=HMJ J.R. Midha - Professor of Practice |url=https://nludelhi.ac.in/faculty/hmj-j-r-midha/#:~:text=HMJ%20J%20R%20Midha%20%2D%20National%20Law%20University%20Delhi |access-date=15 October 2023 |work=nludelhi.ac.in}}</ref> In this role, he mentors students and contributes to the academic and professional development of future legal professionals. His transition from judge to educator reflects his dedication to the legal community.

== Notable cases ==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=November 2024}}
He presided over several landmark cases, particularly in civil and criminal law. His judgments have contributed significantly to the evolving legal landscape of India, with several being cited in subsequent rulings and legal debates.

== Chairperson roles ==
J.R. Midha has held numerous chairperson roles during his career, guiding various judicial and administrative committees.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 February 2024 |title=HMJ J.R. Midha - Professor of Practice |url=https://nludelhi.ac.in/faculty/hmj-j-r-midha/#:~:text=HMJ%20J%20R%20Midha%20%2D%20National%20Law%20University%20Delhi |access-date=15 October 2023 |work=nludelhi.ac.in}}</ref>

== Quotes ==
In Court of Justice, both the parties know the truth, it is the Judge, who is on trial.

== See also ==
* [[Delhi High Court]]
* [[National Law University, Delhi]]

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Midha, J.R}}
[[Category:Indian jurists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

House of Love (Mumbai)

2026-04-22T02:53:02Z

Jina m. butchart: Adding Initial Post First Draft

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = House of Love (Mumbai) ''Sneha Sadan''
| former_name =
| image = Snehasadan.png
| image_border =
| image_size = 150
| caption =
| abbreviation =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| formation =
| extinction =
| merger =
| merged_into =
| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1962 }} <ref>{{cite web | url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other//articleshow/15935862.cms | title=For Snehasadan girls, it's one happy homecoming | publisher=[[Mumbai Mirror]] | work=Manoj R Nair | date=1 July 2009 | accessdate=2 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="Blanc1994">{{cite book|author=Cristina Szanton Blanc|title=Urban Children in Distress: Global Predicaments and Innovative Strategies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YlHpqwNcI5kC&pg=PA193|accessdate=2 September 2018|year=1994|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-2-88124-623-4|pages=193–}}</ref>
| type =
| status =
| purpose =
| headquarters =
| location = [[Amrut Nagar]], [[Chakala]] [[Andheri East]], [[Mumbai]]
| coordinates =
| region_served =
| membership =
| language =
| general_secretary =
| leader_title = Founder
| leader_name = Ricardo Frances
| leader_title2 = Director
| leader_name2 = Noel Pinto
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 =
| leader_name4 =
| key_people =
| main_organ =
| parent_organization =
| affiliations = [[Jesuit]], [[Catholic church|Catholic]]
| budget =
| num_staff =
| num_volunteers =
| website = {{URL|http://snehasadan.org}}
| remarks =
}}
'''House of Love (Mumbai)''' (''Sneha Sadan'') houses homeless children in the area of [[Mumbai]], [[India]], along with other services. It is a work of the [[Society of Jesus]].

The first House of Love was a hut at [[Kajuwadi]] in [[Chakala]], [[Andheri]] with just five boys. In April 1963 a second home was started in Gundowli village. Couples have been the houseparents for these homeless shelters from the start. In 1964 a third home was opened at Holy Cross Church in [[Kurla]]. A fourth followed in 1965 in [[Mogra]] village, housing 25 boys, and later a home near [[Andheri]]. By 1976 the eighth house was converted into the first girls home. This grew to where Sndha Sadan runs 15 homes, 10 for boys and five for girls, all but two in Mumbai. Some houses accommodate as many as 35 children, under the care of a husband and wife pair. In 1992 Sadan also opened a home for women and their children and in 2005 one for girls it rescues from sex trafficking.{{fact|date=February 2019}}

==See also==
* [[List of Jesuit sites]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Coord|19|6|57.74|N|72|51|35.15|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Jesuit development centres]]
[[Category:Development charities based in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1962]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Homelessness charities]]
[[Category:Women's rights in India]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Andheri]]

Sukh Ram Chaudhary

2026-04-21T22:41:15Z

Jina m. butchart: Adding Some Article From Scratch

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sukh Ram Chaudhary
| office = Member of the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Himachal Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Paonta Sahib Assembly constituency]]
| term_start1 = 2017
| predecessor1 = [[Kirnesh Jung]]
| term_end1 =
| term_start2 = 2022
| predecessor2 =
| term_end2 =
| successor =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| occupation = Politician
| profession =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|04|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sirmaur district|Sirmaur]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], India
| education = [[Diploma]] in [[Electrical engineering|electrical]]
}}

'''Sukh Ram Chaudhary''' is an Indian politician and is the current [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] for the [[Paonta Sahib Assembly constituency|Paonta Sahib]] in the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] since 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=BJP's Sukh Ram Chaudhary retains Poanta Sahib seat |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-himachal-pradesh-election-result-poanta-sahib-seat-winner-sukh-ram-chaudhary-bjp-congress-211942 |access-date=24 January 2023 |work=[[Zee News|Zee Business]] |date=8 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=BJP's Sukh Ram Chaudhary retains Poanta Sahib seat |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2022/12/08/del64-elections-himachal-result-poanta-sahib.html |access-date=24 January 2023 |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |date=8 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

Chaudhary has a [[diploma]] in [[electrical engineering]] as well as rocket science and was elected to the Himachal Legislative Assembly in 2003, 2007 and 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://evidhan.nic.in/Member/Details/396 |title=14th Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) |website=[[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] |access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref> Chaudhary has served as [[Ministry of Power (India)|power minister]] since 2017.<ref>{{cite news | title=Only two of 10 Himachal ministers win |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/only-two-of-10-ministers-win-459157 |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune India]] |date=9 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hazra |first=Dipavali |title=Himachal Pradesh polls: Dates, schedule, key constituencies – Know all details |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/explainer/himachal-pradesh-polls-dates-schedule-key-constituencies-know-all-details-article-95372088 |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[Times Now]] |date=8 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Council Of Ministers |url=http://himachalpr.gov.in/MLADesc.aspx?mla=79&M=4&Language=1 |website=himachalpr.gov.in |access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2003–2007]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Ramsai

2026-04-21T18:15:55Z

Jina m. butchart: Starting Some Details Nd Citations!

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ramsai
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.72|N|88.85|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jalpaiguri]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Gram panchayat]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1974
| population_as_of = [[2011 census of India|2011]]
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 735219
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalpaiguri]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Maynaguri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Maynaguri]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ramsai'''<ref name="northbengaltourism">{{cite web |title=Ramsai |url= https://northbengaltourism.com/ramsai/|website=northbengaltourism.com |language=en |access-date=21 April 2026}}</ref> is a forest village within Ramsai Wildlife ([[Gorumara National Park]]) in the [[Maynaguri (community development block)|Maynaguri]] CD block of the [[Jalpaiguri district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|title= DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK JALPAIGURI|work=[[2011 census of India]], DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS WEST BENGAL |url= https://westbengal.census.gov.in/DCHB_2011_WB_Part_A/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf |access-date= 21 April 2026}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Jalpaiguri district]]
[[Category:Forests of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Jalpaiguri district]]

Jakheda Rahmatpur

2026-04-18T07:21:39Z

Jina m. butchart: Adding A Info More To Come

{{orphan|date=November 2025}}
{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jakheda Rahmatpur
| settlement_type = Village
| coordinates = {{coord|28.6926|N|78.0483|E|type:city}}
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hapur district|Hapur]]
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = Garhmukteshwar
| government_type = Gram Panchayat
| population_total = 3,907
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = IST
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = PIN
| postal_code = 245205
| registration_plate = UP37
| area_total_km2 = 4.22
| elevation_m = 213
}}

'''Jakheda Rahmatpur''' ([[Hindi]]: जखेड़ा रहमतपुर) is a village and Gram Panchayat in the [[Garhmukteshwar]] tehsil of [[Ghaziabad district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. Some sources also place it under [[Hapur district]] after the district reorganisation in 2011.

== Geography ==
The village covers a total area of 4.22 km² (421.68 hectares), and lies at an elevation of approximately 213 m above sea level.<ref name="dchb">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011 – District Census Handbook, Ghaziabad (Part B) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1215 |publisher=Census of India |access-date=4 September 2025}}</ref>

Its geographical coordinates are 28.6926° N, 78.0483° E.

== Demographics ==
According to the 2011 Census of India:<ref name="census">{{cite web |title=Jakhera Rahmatpur Population – Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/120022-jakhera-rahmatpur-uttar-pradesh.html |publisher=Census 2011 |access-date=4 September 2025}}</ref>

- Population: 3,907 (Males: 2,074; Females: 1,833)
- Children (ages 0–6): 578 (14.8%)
- Sex ratio: 884 females per 1,000 males
- Scheduled Castes: 918; Scheduled Tribes: 0
- Households: 668

=== Literacy ===
- Overall literacy: 62.63%
- Male literacy: 73.90%
- Female literacy: 49.84%

=== Workforce ===
- Total workers: 1,346 (main workers: 1,148; marginal workers: 198)
- Cultivators: 329; Agricultural labourers: 408

== Administration ==
Jakheda Rahmatpur is administered via its own Gram Panchayat under the Simbhawali block, and falls under the Garhmukteshwar Vidhan Sabha constituency.<ref name="blockdata">{{cite web |title=Block Wise Census Data |url=https://ghaziabad.nic.in/en/document/block-wise-census-data/ |publisher=District Administration, Ghaziabad |access-date=4 September 2025}}</ref>

== Transport ==
The village is connected by local roads; nearest major railway station is over 10 km away (including the two stations in [[Garhmukteshwar]]).{{citation needed|date=November 2025}} 

== Postal Services ==
The post office at Jakheda Rahmatpur serves the village under PIN code 245205.<ref name="pincode">{{cite web |title=Post Office JAKHERA RAHMATPUR – PIN 245205 |url=https://pincode.net.in/UTTAR_PRADESH/GHAZIABAD/J/JAKHERA_RAHMATPUR |publisher=Pincode.net.in |access-date=4 September 2025}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Hapur district]]
* [[Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh]]
* [[Garhmukteshwar]]

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Ghaziabad district]]
[[Category:Villages in Uttar Pradesh]]

{{India-geo-stub}}

Shopian Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:26:11Z

Jina m. butchart: Adding Some Info With Sources!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = [[Shopian]]
| mla = [[Shabir Ahmad Kullay]]
| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| district = [[Shopian district|Shopian]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Srinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srinagar]]
| established = 1962
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 37
}}

'''Shopian Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], a north state of [[India]]. Shopian is also part of [[Srinagar Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12211-delimitation-of-constituencies-in-jammu-kashmir-assamarunachal-pradesh-manipur-and-nagaland-notification-dated-06032020/ |title=Delimitation of Constituencies in Jammu-Kashmir, Assam,Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland - Notification dated 06.03.2020 - Delimitation - Election Commission of India |newspaper=eci.gov.in |accessdate=2021-06-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13193-delimitation-of-constituencies-in-jammu-kashmir-notification-dated-03032021/ |title=Delimitation of Constituencies in Jammu-Kashmir - Notification dated 03.03.2021 - Presidential Orders/ Delimitation Commission Orders |website=Election Commission of India |date= 3 March 2021 |accessdate= 2021-06-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Shopian Assembly Constituency|url=https://www.elections.in/jammu-and-kashmir/assembly-constituencies/shopian.html|access-date=2021-06-27|website=Elections.in}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Election
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Abdul Majid Bandey
| {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[S. A. Shamim]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Abdul Majid Bandey
|-
| [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan="3" | Sheikh Muhammad Mansoor
| {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
|-
| [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
| [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| Sheikh Muhammad Rafi
|-
| [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| [[Hassan Khan (politician)|Gulam Hassan Khan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|[[Ab Razak Zawoora]]
|-
| [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Mohammad Yousuf Bhat]]
|-
|[[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|[[Shabir Ahmad Kullay]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Shopian<ref>{{cite news|last1=Election Commission of India|title=J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Bandipora|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|access-date=10 October 2024|date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010072117/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|archive-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shabir Ahmad Kullay]] |party=Independent politician |votes=14,113 |percentage=23.74 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sheikh Mohammad Rafi |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |votes=12,906 |percentage=21.71 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raja Abdul Waheed |party=Independent politician |votes=10,440 |percentage=17.56 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Javid Ahmad Qadri |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,895 |percentage=11.60 |change={{increase}}3.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yawar Shafi Banday |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=5,486 |percentage=9.23 |change={{decrease}}24.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ovais Mushtaq |party=Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party |votes=3,076 |percentage=5.17 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,559 |percentage=2.62 |change={{increase}}0.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mushtaq Ahmad Khan |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=1,448 |percentage=2.44 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suhail Ahmad Mir |party=Independent politician |votes=1,221 |percentage=2.05 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Yaqoob Malla |party=Independent politician |votes=959 |percentage=1.61 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Feroz Ahmad Najar |party=Independent politician |votes=770 |percentage=1.30 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,207 |percentage=2.03 |change= {{decrease}}3.64 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=59,457 |percentage=59.13 |change= {{increase}}8.49 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,00,546 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.10 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |swing= {{decrease}}10.46 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Shopian<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 - Jammu & Kashmir - Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150235/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-date=2019-06-13 |access-date= |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mohammad Yousuf Bhat]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=14,262 |percentage=34.20 |change={{increase}}12.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shabir Ahmad Kullay]] |party=Independent politician |votes=11,896 |percentage=28.52 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sheikh Mohammed Rafi |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=5,280 |percentage=12.66 |change={{decrease}}0.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Javid Ahmad Qadri |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,384 |percentage=8.11 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mushtaq Ahmad Khanday |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,642 |percentage=6.33 |change={{decrease}}7.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tariq Ahmad Ahanger |party=Independent politician |votes=894 |percentage=2.14 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Rashid Pandit |party=Communist Party of India |votes=849 |percentage=2.04 |change={{decrease}}3.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=819 |percentage=1.96 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Yaqoob Rather |party=All Jammu and Kashmir Republican Party |votes=648 |percentage=1.55 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Yousuf Haji |party=Independent politician |votes=533 |percentage=1.28 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shah Fayaz Ahmad |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=499 |percentage=1.20 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,366 |percentage=5.67 |change= {{decrease}}1.75 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=41,706 |percentage=50.65 |change= {{decrease}}2.07 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,348 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.14 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |loser=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |swing= {{increase}}12.96 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Shopian<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed20Results.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225073739/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed20Results.pdf|archive-date=25 December 2024|access-date=25 December 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ab Razak Zawoora |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|votes=8,006 |percentage=21.23 |change={{decrease}}5.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Shafi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,208 |percentage=13.81 |change={{decrease}}6.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shabir Ahmad Kullay]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |votes=4,929 |percentage=13.07 |change={{decrease}}9.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sheikh Mohammed Rafi |party=Jammu and Kashmir Awami National Conference |votes=4,001 |percentage=10.61 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mir Hussain |party=Independent politician |votes=2,748 |percentage=7.29 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Mohammed Sheikh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,930 |percentage=5.12 |change={{decrease}}7.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Abdullah Wani |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,652 |percentage=4.38 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gh Nabi Shah |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=1,612 |percentage=4.28 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gulzar Ahmad Bhat |party=Independent politician |votes=1,253 |percentage=3.32 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Waheed Rather |party=Jammu & Kashmir Democratic Party Nationalist |votes=1,034 |percentage=2.74 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Hassan Khan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,001 |percentage=2.65 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,798 |percentage=7.42 |change= {{increase}}2.62 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=37,704 |percentage=52.72 |change= {{increase}}25.82 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 71,517 |ref = |change= {{increase}}28.14 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |loser=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |swing= {{decrease}}5.96 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Shopian<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192246/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Hassan Khan |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=4,083 |percentage=27.20 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sheikh Mohammed Rafi |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=3,363 |percentage=22.40 |change={{decrease}}26.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Shafi Banday |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,980 |percentage=19.85 |change={{increase}}9.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Nabi Shah |party=Independent politician |votes=1,960 |percentage=13.06 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Nabi Yatoo |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,886 |percentage=12.56 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Ilyas Kumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=740 |percentage=4.93 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=720 |percentage=4.80 |change= {{decrease}}10.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=15,012 |percentage=26.91 |change= {{decrease}}18.19 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,812 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.47 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}21.90 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Shopian<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1996 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117084805/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Shiekh Mohammed Rafi |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=10,340 |percentage=49.10 |change={{increase}}1.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Nabi Shah |party=Janata Dal |votes=7,040 |percentage=33.43 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Shafi Banday |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,266 |percentage=10.76 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Farooq Ahmad Mir |party=Independent politician |votes=1,415 |percentage=6.72 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,300 |percentage=15.67 |change= {{increase}}14.78 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,061 |percentage=48.06 |change= {{decrease}}34.23 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 46,715 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}1.64 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{increase}}1.09 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Shopian<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1987 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114084427/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sheikh Mohammed Mansoor |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=18,083 |percentage=48.00 |change={{decrease}}0.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Ahad Thoker |party=Independent politician |votes=17,747 |percentage=47.11 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Rahman Bhat |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,285 |percentage=3.41 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=336 |percentage=0.89 |change= {{decrease}}18.29 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=37,671 |percentage=81.68 |change= {{increase}}3.34 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 47,495 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.16 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Shopian<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117082124/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sheikh Mohammed Mansoor |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=14,662 |percentage=48.01 |change={{decrease}}11.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moulana Mohammed Amin |party=Jamaat-e-Islami |votes=8,805 |percentage=28.83 |change={{increase}}10.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Hassa Khan |party=Independent politician |votes=3,376 |percentage=11.05 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Majid |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,839 |percentage=9.30 |change={{increase}}5.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Iqbal |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=409 |percentage=1.34 |change={{decrease}}58.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bashir Ahmed |party=Independent politician |votes=371 |percentage=1.21 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,857 |percentage=19.18 |change= {{decrease}}21.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=30,540 |percentage=80.69 |change= {{increase}}5.93 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 40,197 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.40 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}11.33 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Shopian<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sheikh Mohammed Mansoor |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=15,133 |percentage=59.34 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hakim Ghulam Nabi |party=Jamaat-e-Islami |votes=4,763 |percentage=18.68 |change={{decrease}}13.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shamim Ahmed Shamim |party=Janata Party |votes=3,217 |percentage=12.61 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Hassan Khan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=893 |percentage=3.50 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Rahman Khan |party=Communist Party of India |votes=734 |percentage=2.88 |change={{decrease}}22.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Ashraf |party=Independent politician |votes=407 |percentage=1.60 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Majid Bandey |party=Independent politician |votes=355 |percentage=1.39 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,370 |percentage=40.66 |change= {{increase}}30.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,502 |percentage=73.06 |change= {{increase}}4.77 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 36,409 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.13 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}17.23 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Shopian<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083027/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Majid Bandey |party=Independent politician |votes=8,401 |percentage=42.11 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Haki Ghulam Nabi Shah |party=Jamaat-e-Islami |votes=6,388 |percentage=32.02 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abdul Sattar Ranjoor]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=5,160 |percentage=25.87 |change={{increase}}8.93 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,013 |percentage=10.09 |change= {{increase}}1.76 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,949 |percentage=68.85 |change= {{increase}}4.59 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,562 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.87 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Shopian<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006052138/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[S. A. Shamim]] |party=Independent politician |votes=7,576 |percentage=45.70 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. H. Khan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,195 |percentage=37.37 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abdul Sattar Ranjoor]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=2,807 |percentage=16.93 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,381 |percentage=8.33 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,578 |percentage=63.29 |change= {{increase}}60.68 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,320 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.66 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Shopian<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006183842/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Abdul Majid Bandey |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=25,376 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,376 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==

* [[Shopian]]
* [[List of constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{coord|33.72|74.83|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Shopian district]]
[[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]

Bhogapuram Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:04:21Z

Jina m. butchart: creating new entry

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh legislative assembly, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bhogapuram
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]
| established = 1955
| abolished = 2008
| reservation = None
| type= SLA
}}

'''Bhogapuram Assembly constituency''' was an Assembly constituency of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[India]] until 2008. It is one of nine constituencies in [[Vizianagaram district]].<ref name="ECI">http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf Lok Sabha Constituneces and Assembly constituencies of India - Delimitation Order, 2008 - Election Commission of India</ref>

==Overview==
It was a part of [[Araku Lok Sabha constituency]] along with another six Vidhan Sabha segments, namely, [[Palakonda (ST) (Assembly constituency)|Palakonda]], [[Parvathipuram (SC) (Assembly constituency)|Parvathipuram]], [[Salur (Assembly constituency)|Salur]], [[Araku Valley (ST) (Assembly constituency)|Araku Valley]], [[Paderu (ST) (Assembly constituency)|Paderu]] and [[Rampachodavaram (ST) (Assembly constituency)|Rampachodavaram]].

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| 1955
| Botcha Adinarayana
|
|
|-
| 1962
| Kommuru Appadu Dora
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1967
| Kommuru Appadu Dora
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1972
| Kommuru Appadu Dora
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1978
| Kommuru Appadu Dora
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1983
| Pathivada Narayana Swamy Naidu
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| 1985
| Pathivada Narayana Swamy Naidu
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| 1989
| Pathivada Narayana Swamy Naidu
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| 1994
| Pathivada Narayana Swamy Naidu
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| 1999
| [[Pathivada Narayana Swamy Naidu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| 2004
| Pathivada Narayana Swamy Naidu
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2004 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhogapuram<ref name=election2004>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4053-andhra-pradesh-2004/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2004 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 18 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Pathivada Narayana Swamy Naidu
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}

{{Coord|18.03|83.49|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Vizianagaram district]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1955]]
{{India-constituency-stub}}
{{Vizianagaram-geo-stub}}

Allium przewalskianum

2026-04-15T00:30:46Z

Jina m. butchart: creating a stub.

{{short description|Species of plant}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020|cs1-dates=ly}}
{{Speciesbox
|name=jimbu Ladakh onion {{lang|zh|青甘韭}} qing gan jiu
|taxon = Allium przewalskianum
|parent = Allium subg. Rhizirideum
|authority = [[Eduard August von Regel|Regel]]
|synonyms=*''Allium jacquemontii'' Regel
*''Allium jacquemontii'' var. ''parviflorum'' (Ledeb.) Aswal
*''Allium junceum'' Jacquem. ex Baker
*''Allium przewalskianum'' var. ''planifolium'' Regel
*''Allium rubellum'' var. ''parviflorum'' Ledeb.
*''Allium stenophyllum'' Wall.
*''Allium stoliczkii'' Regel
|synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-296330 The Plant List]</ref>
}}

'''''Allium przewalskianum''''' is an [[Asia]]n [[species]] of ''[[Allium|wild onion]]'' in the [[Amaryllidaceae|Amaryllis family]].<ref name=Regel/><ref name=Tropicos/><ref name=WCSP/>

The species is widely distributed in mountains areas in the [[Himalayas]] ([[India]], [[Nepal]], [[Pakistan]]) and parts of [[China]] ([[Gansu]], [[Inner Mongolia]], [[Ningxia]], [[Qinghai]], [[Shaanxi]], [[Sichuan]], [[Xinjiang]], [[Tibet]], [[Yunnan]]).<ref name=FoC/><ref name=FoI/>

''Allium przewalskianum'' has narrow bulbs up to 10 mm across. [[Scape (botany)|Scape]] is up to 40 cm tall, round in cross-section. Leaves are tubular, about the same length as the scape. [[Umbel]] is densely crowded with many red or dark purple flowers.<ref name=FoC/><ref name=FoCIll/><ref name=Regel/><ref name=AswaMehr/>

''Allium przewalskianum'' is one of two species referred to as '''[[jimbu]]''' in [[Nepal]], used in [[Nepalese cuisine]]. The other is ''[[Allium hypsistum]]''.<ref name=Nepa06/>

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=AswaMehr>B.S. Aswal & B.N. Mehrotra, Flora of Lahaul-Spiti: (a cold desert in North West Himalaya, India) 599, as ''Allium jacquemontii'' var. ''parviflorum''</ref>

<ref name=FoC>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200027523 Flora of China v 24 p 183, ''Allium przewalskianum'']</ref>

<ref name=FoCIll>[http://www.tropicos.org/Image/56920 Line drawing of ''Allium przewalskianum'', Flora of China Illustrations vol. 24, fig. 188, 1–3]</ref>

<ref name=FoI>{{Cite web |url=http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Ladakh%20Onion.html |title=Flowers of India, Ladakh Onion, ''Allium przewalskianum'' |access-date=14 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150531052204/http://flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Ladakh%20Onion.html |archive-date=31 May 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name=Nepa06>{{Citation |last=Nepal |first=Ram Chandra |year=2006 |title=Status, Use and Management of Jimbu (''Alliu''m spp): A case study from Upper Mustang, Nepal |publisher=Norwegian University of Life Sciences (MSc thesis) |url=http://www.forestrynepal.org/images/thesis/MSc_RCNepal.pdf |accessdate=5 January 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218204741/http://www.forestrynepal.org/publications/thesis/2596 |archivedate= 18 February 2012}}</ref>

<ref name=Regel>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15950088#page/335/mode/1up Regel, Eduard August von (1875), ''Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaničeskago Sada'' 3(2): 164], in Latin</ref>

<ref name=Tropicos>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/18406643 Tropicos, ''Allium przewalskianum'' Regel]</ref>

<ref name=WCSP>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=296330 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref>
}}

==External links==
* {{PFAF|Allium przewalskianum}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q4732926}}

[[Category:Allium|przewalskianum]]
[[Category:Onions]]
[[Category:Nepalese cuisine]]
[[Category:Flora of China]]
[[Category:Flora of East Himalaya]]
[[Category:Flora of Nepal]]
[[Category:Flora of West Himalaya]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1875]]

{{Allium-stub}}

Jalalabad, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:26:41Z

Jina m. butchart: Adding A Post And Citations

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{for|the constituency in Punjab|Jalalabad, Punjab Assembly constituency}}
{{other uses|Jalalabad (disambiguation) {{!}} Jalalabad}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jalalabad
| constituency_no = 132
| map_image = 132-Jalalabad, Uttar Pradesh.svg
| mla = [[Hari Prakash Verma]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Shahjahanpur district|Shahjahanpur]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 367,857 (2022)
| type= SLA
}}
'''Jalalabad Assembly constituency''' is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is a part of the [[Shahjahanpur district|Shahjahanpur]] district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Shahjahanpur Lok Sabha constituency]]. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1952 after the "DPACO (1951)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1951.<ref name="DPACO (1951)">{{cite news|title=DPACO (1951)|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/eci_publications/books/deli/DPACO-51.pdf|archive-date=22 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522163057/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/eci_publications/books/deli/DPACO-51.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 132.<ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= December 16, 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=5 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005180821/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from Assembly constituency|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/jalalabad.html|archive-date=22 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222172538/http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/jalalabad.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Member list">{{cite news|title=Member list|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] website|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630050217/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-date=30 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Wards/Areas ==
Extent of Jalalabad Assembly constituency is KCs Jalalabad, Allhaganj, Kalan, Mirzapur, Jalalabad MB & Allahganj NP of Jalalabad Tehsil.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly#List of Assemblies|Term]] !! Name !! Party !! From !! To !! Days !! Comments !! Ref
|-
| 01 || [[01st Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|01st Vidhan Sabha]] || Ram Gulam Singh || [[Indian National Congress]] || Mar-1952 || Mar-1957 || 1,849 || - || <ref name="1951 Election Results">{{cite news|title=1951 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_UP.pdf|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225173258/https://eci.gov.in/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 02 || [[02nd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|02nd Vidhan Sabha]] || Har Chandra Singh || [[Independent politician|Independent]] || Apr-1957 || Mar-1962 || 1,800 || - || <ref name=" 1957 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1957 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_UP_1957.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006234308/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_UP_1957.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 03 || [[03rd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|03rd Vidhan Sabha]] || Kesho Singh || [[Indian National Congress]] || Mar-1962 || Mar-1967 || 1,828 || - ||<ref name=" 1962 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1962 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_UP_1962.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007085123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_UP_1962.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 04 || [[04th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|04th Vidhan Sabha]] || Dal Singh Yadav || [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] || Mar-1967 || Apr-1968 || 402 || - || <ref name=" 1967 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1967 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201967%20.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006114503/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201967%20.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 05 || [[05th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|05th Vidhan Sabha]] || Keshav Chandra Singh || [[Indian National Congress]] || Feb-1969 || Mar-1974 || 1,832 || - || <ref name=" 1969 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1969 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/Statistical%20Report%201969%20Uttar%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007134105/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/Statistical%20Report%201969%20Uttar%20Pradesh.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 06 || [[06th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|06th Vidhan Sabha]] || Dal Singh Yadav || [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] || Mar-1974 || Apr-1977 || 1,153 || - || <ref name=" 1974 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1974 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201974.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006080051/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201974.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 07 || [[07th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|07th Vidhan Sabha]] || Kanhai Singh || [[Independent politician|Independent]] || Jun-1977 || Feb-1980 || 969 || - || <ref name=" 1977 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1977 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201977.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007053924/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201977.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 08 || [[08th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|08th Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="2" | Udaivere Singh || [[Indian National Congress (I)]] || Jun-1980 || Mar-1985 || 1,735 || - || <ref name=" 1980 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1980 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201980.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006054456/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201980.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 09 || [[09th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|09th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Indian National Congress]] || Mar-1985 || Nov-1989 || 1,725 || - || <ref name=" 1985 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1985 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201985.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006170606/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201985.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 10 || [[10th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|10th Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="3" | Ram Murti Singh || [[Janata Dal]] || Dec-1989 || Apr-1991 || 488 || - || <ref name=" 1989 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1989 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report_%20UP_1989.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006085257/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report_%20UP_1989.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 11 || [[11th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|11th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Janata Party]] || Jun-1991|| Dec-1992 || 533 || - || <ref name=" 1991 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1991 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/Stat_Rep_UP_91.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006055723/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/Stat_Rep_UP_91.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 12 || [[12th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|12th Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="3" | [[Samajwadi Party]] || Dec-1993|| Oct-1995 || 693 || - || <ref name=" 1993 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1993 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatisticalReport_UP_1993.pdf|archive-date=13 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613130455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatisticalReport_UP_1993.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 13 || [[13th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|13th Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="2" | [[Sharad Vir Singh]]|| Oct-1996 || May-2002 || 1,967 || - || <ref name=" 1996 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=1996 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-UP96.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081637/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-UP96.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 14 || [[14th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|14th Vidhan Sabha]] || Feb-2002 || May-2007 || 1,902 || - || <ref name=" 2002 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=2002 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_UP_2002.pdf|archive-date=13 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713105915/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_UP_2002.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 15 || [[15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|15th Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="2" | [[Neeraj Kushwaha]] || rowspan="2" | [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] || May-2007 || Mar-2012 || 1,762 || - || <ref name=" 2007 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=2007 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_UTTAR_PRADESH.pdf|archive-date=13 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713102642/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_UTTAR_PRADESH.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 16 || [[16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Vidhan Sabha]] || Mar-2012 || Mar-2017 || - || - || <ref name=" 2012 Election Results ">{{cite news|title=2012 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=December 16, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf|archive-date=8 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508084526/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|17
|17th Vidhan Sabha
||[[Sharad Vir Singh]]
|Samajwadi Party
|Mar-2017
|Mar-2022
|
|
|-
| 18 ||[[18th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|18th Vidhan Sabha]] ||[[Hari Prakash Verma]]||[[Bhartiya Janta Party]] || Mar-2022 || Incumbent||- || - ||
|-
|
|
|
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Jalalabad<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Hari Prakash Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:99609}}
|percentage = 45.97
|change = +14.28
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Neeraj Nalinish
|votes = {{formatnum:95037}}
|percentage = 43.86
|change = +7.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Anirudh Singh Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:16057}}
|percentage = 7.41
|change = -20.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1258}}
|percentage = 0.58
|change = -0.2
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:4572}}
|percentage = 2.11
|change = -2.36
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:216688}}
|percentage = 59.04
|change = -1.81
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = BJP
|loser = Samajwadi party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Jalalabad<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Sharadvir Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:75326}}
|percentage = 36.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Manoj Kashyap
|votes = {{formatnum:66029}}
|percentage = 31.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Neeraj Kushwaha Maurya
|votes = {{formatnum:58337}}
|percentage = 28.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1614}}
|percentage = 0.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:9297}}
|percentage = 4.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:208332}}
|percentage = 60.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
16th Vidhan Sabha: 2012 Elections
{{Election box begin | title=2012 General Elections: Jalalabad}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = [[Neeraj Kushawaha]]
|votes = 76,406
|percentage = 37.97
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Sharad Vir Singh]]
|votes = 75,856
|percentage = 37.69
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Anil Kumar Singh Verma
|votes = 29,992
|percentage = 14.9
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party =
|candidate = Remainder 8 candidates
|votes = 18,988
|percentage = 9.43
|change = -
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 550
|percentage = 0.27
|change = -
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 201,242
|percentage = 66.77
|change = -
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
<ref name=" 2012 Election Results "/>

== See also ==

* [[Shahjahanpur district]]
* [[Shahjahanpur Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
* [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Vidhan Bhawan]]

{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

== References ==

{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Shahjahanpur district]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

India at the 2010 Commonwealth Games

2026-04-13T15:57:19Z

Jina m. butchart: Adding Initial Info W/ Refs

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{infobox country at games
| CGA = IND
| CGAname = [[Indian Olympic Association]]
| games = Commonwealth Games
| year = 2010
| flagcaption =
| oldcode =
| website = {{URL|olympic.ind.in }}
| location = [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| competitors = 495
| sports =
| flagbearer = Opening: [[Abhinav Bindra]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/cwg-opening-bindra-to-be-flag-bearer-83064-2010-10-01|title=CWG opening: Bindra to be flag bearer|work=[[India Today]] | access-date=5 October 2010|date=2 October 2010}}</ref> Closing: [[Gagan Narang]]
| rank = 2
| gold = 38
| silver = 27
| bronze = 36
| officials =
| app_begin_year = 1934
| app_end_year =
| seealso =
}}

[[India]] hosted the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]] which were held in [[Delhi]] from 3 to 14 October 2010. India won 101 medals in total, including 38 Gold medals, enabling it to finish the Games at second position behind [[Australia]]. For the first time in the history of the Games India won over 100 medals in total. For the first time in the history of the Games, India won a medal in [[Gymnastics]], where [[Ashish Kumar (gymnast)|Ashish Kumar]] won a Silver and a Bronze. And it was after a gap of 52 years that India won a Gold in Athletics when [[Krishna Poonia]] won Gold in [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's discus throw|Women's discus throw]] and when [[Geeta Phogat]] won India's first ever gold medal in women's wrestling.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://d2010results.thecgf.com/en/Root.mvc/Medals |title=Info System |publisher=D2010results.thecgf.com |access-date=13 August 2014 |archive-date=6 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006103043/http://results.cwgdelhi2010.org/en/Root.mvc/Medals |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Medalists==
India won the most medals in their home games. India won 30 medals in shooting including 14 Gold medals and won 19 medals (10 are Gold medals) from wrestling out of all 21 participants.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cwg.ndtv.com/commonwealth/medaltally/country/4/cwg.html |title=CWG 2010 Medals Tally | Delhi Commonwealth Games |publisher=Cwg.ndtv.com |access-date=13 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813100711/http://cwg.ndtv.com/commonwealth/medaltally/country/4/cwg.html |archive-date=13 August 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/cwgphotos/6754119.cms |title=The Times of India|access-date=30 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/14/stories/2010101465772500.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018202624/http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/14/stories/2010101465772500.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=18 October 2010 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Suranjoy, Manoj and Samota bag gold | date=14 October 2010}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; float:right"
|-
!colspan=5|Medals by sport
|- align=center
|'''Sport'''
! style="background:#f7f6a8;"|[[File:Gold medal icon.svg|alt=gold|link=]]
! style="background:#dce5e5;"|[[File:Silver medal icon.svg|alt=silver|link=]]
! style="background:#ffdab9;"|[[File:Bronze medal icon.svg|alt=bronze|link=]]
!Total
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Shooting]]|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|14|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|11|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|5||30
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]]|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|10|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|5|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|4||19
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Archery]]|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|3|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|1|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|4||8
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Boxing]]|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|3|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|0|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|4||7
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]]|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|2|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|3|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|7||12
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Weightlifting]] || style="background:#f7f6a8;"|2|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|2|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|4||8
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Badminton]]|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|2|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|1|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|1||4
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Table tennis]]|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|1|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|1|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|3||5
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Tennis]]|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|1|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|1|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|2||4
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Gymnastics]]|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|0|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|1|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|1||2
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Hockey at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Hockey]]|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|0|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|1|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|0||1
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Aquatics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]]|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|0|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|0|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|1||1
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Cycling]]|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|0|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|0|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|0||0
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Lawn bowls at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Lawn bowls]]|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|0|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|0|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|0||0
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Netball at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Netball]]|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|0|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|0|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|0||0
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Rugby sevens at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Rugby sevens]]|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|0|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|0|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|0||0
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Squash]]|| style="background:#f7f6a8;"|0|| style="background:#dce5e5;"|0|| style="background:#ffdab9;"|0||0
|- align=center
! style="background:#efefef;"|Total
! style="background:gold;" |38
! style="background:silver;" |27
! style="background:#c96;"|36
|'''101'''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
! Medal
! Name
! Sport
! Event
! Date
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Abhinav Bindra]] [[Gagan Narang]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 10 metre air rifle pairs|Men's 10m Air rifle pairs]] || 5 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Anisa Sayyed]] [[Rahi Sarnobat]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 25 metre pistol pairs|Women's 25m pistol pairs]] || 5 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Ravinder Singh (wrestler)|Ravinder Singh]] || [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 60 kg|Men's Greco-Roman 60 kg]] || 5 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Anil Kumar (wrestler, born 1979)|Anil Kumar]] || [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 96 kg|Men's Greco-Roman 96 kg]] || 5 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Sanjay Kumar (wrestler, born 1983)|Sanjay Kumar]] || [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 74 kg|Men's Greco-Roman 74 kg]] || 5 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Yumnam Chanu]] || [[Olympic weightlifting|Weightlifting]] || [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 58 kg|Women's 58kg]] || 6 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Katulu Ravi Kumar]] || [[Olympic weightlifting|Weightlifting]] || [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 69 kg|Men's 69kg]] || 6 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Anisa Sayyed]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 25 metre pistol singles|Women's 25m pistol individual]] || 6 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Omkar Singh]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre pistol singles|Men's 50m pistol individual]] || 6 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Rajender Kumar (wrestler)|Rajender Kumar]] || [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 55 kg|Men's Greco-Roman 55 kg]] || 6 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Gagan Narang]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 10 metre air rifle singles|Men's 10m air rifle individual]] || 6 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Vijay Kumar (sport shooter)|Vijay Kumar]] [[Gurpreet Singh (shooter)|Gurpreet Singh]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 25 metre rapid fire pistol pairs|Men's 25m rapid fire pistol pairs]] || 7 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Omkar Singh]] [[Gurpreet Singh (shooter)|Gurpreet Singh]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 10 metre air pistol pairs|Men's 10m air pistol pairs]] || 7 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Geeta Phogat]] || [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 55 kg|Women's freestyle 55 kg]] || 7 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Alka Tomar]] || [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 59 kg|Women's freestyle 59 kg]] || 8 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Anita Sheoran]] || [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 67 kg|Women's freestyle 67 kg]] || 8 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Deepika Kumari]] [[Dola Banerjee]] [[Bombayala Devi]] || [[Archery]] || [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's recurve team|Women's recurve team]] || 8 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Omkar Singh]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 10 metre air pistol|Men's 10m air pistol individual]] || 8 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Gagan Narang]] [[Imran Hassan Khan]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre rifle three positions pairs|Men's 50m air rifle three positions pairs]] || 8 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Vijay Kumar (sport shooter)|Vijay Kumar]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 25 metre rapid fire pistol singles|Men's 25m rapid fire pistol individual]] || 8 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Vijay Kumar (sport shooter)|Vijay Kumar]] [[Harpreet Singh (Shooter)|Harpreet Singh]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 25 metre rapid fire pistol pairs|Men's 25m centre fire pistol pairs]] || 9 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Gagan Narang]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre rifle three positions singles|Men's 50m rifle three positions individual]] || 9 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Narsingh Pancham Yadav]] || [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 74 kg|Men's freestyle 74 kg]] || 9 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Yogeshwar Dutt]] || [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 60 kg|Men's freestyle 60 kg]] || 9 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Deepika Kumari]] || [[Archery]] || [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's recurve individual|Women's recurve individual]] || 10 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Harpreet Singh (Shooter)|Harpreet Singh]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 25 metre centre fire pistol singles|Men's 25m centre fire pistol individual]] || 10 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Rahul Banerjee (archer)|Rahul Banerjee]] || [[Archery]] || [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's recurve individual|Men's recurve individual]] || 10 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Sushil Kumar (wrestler)|Sushil Kumar]] || [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 66 kg|Men's freestyle 66 kg]] || 10 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Somdev Devvarman]] || [[Tennis]] || [[Tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Singles|Men's singles]] || 10 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Krishna Poonia]] || [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's discus throw|Women's discus throw]] || 11 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Heena Sidhu]] [[Annu Raj Singh]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10 metre air pistol pairs|Women's 10m air pistol pairs]] || 12 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Manjeet Kaur]] [[Sini Jose]] [[Ashwini Akkunji]] [[Mandeep Kaur (athlete)|Mandeep Kaur]] || [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 4 x 400 metres relay|Women's 4 × 400 m relay]] || 12 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Subhajit Saha]] [[Sharath Kamal]] || [[Table tennis]] || [[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's doubles|Men's doubles]] || 13 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Manoj Kumar (boxer)|Manoj Kumar]] || [[Boxing]] || [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Light welterweight|Men's light welterweight]] || 13 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Suranjoy Mayengbam|Suranjoy Singh]] || [[Boxing]] || [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Flyweight|Men's flyweight]] || 13 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Paramjeet Samota]] || [[Boxing]] || [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Super heavyweight|Men's super heavyweight]] || 13 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] [[Jwala Gutta]] || [[Badminton]] || [[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|Women's doubles]] || 14 October
|-
| {{Gold medal}} || [[Saina Nehwal]] || [[Badminton]] || [[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|Women's singles]] || 14 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Ngangbam Soniya Chanu]] || [[Olympic weightlifting|Weightlifting]] || [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 48 kg|Women's 48kg]] || 4 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Sukhen Dey (weightlifter)|Sukhen Dey]] || [[Olympic weightlifting|Weightlifting]] || [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 56 kg|Men's 56kg]] || 4 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Omkar Singh]] [[Deepak Sharma (sport shooter)|Deepak Sharma]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre pistol pairs|Men's 50m pistol pairs]] || 5 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Tejaswini Sawant]] [[Lajjakumari Gauswami]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 50 metre rifle three positions pairs|Women's 50m rifle three positions pairs]] || 5 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Nishan Singh Gill]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 25 metre pistol singles|Women's 25m pistol singles]] || 6 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Abhinav Bindra]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 10 metre air rifle singles|Men's 10m air rifle singles]] || 6 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Asher Noria]] [[Ronjan Sodhi]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's double trap pairs|Men's double trap pairs]] || 6 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Manoj Kumar (wrestler)|Manoj Kumar]] || [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 84 kg|Men's Greco-Roman 84 kg]] || 6 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Ritul Chatterjee]] Jignas Chittibomma [[Chinna Raju Srither]] || [[Archery]] || [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's compound team|Men's compound team]] || 7 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Ronjan Sodhi]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's double trap singles|Men's double trap singles]] || 7 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Nirmala Devi (wrestler)|Nirmala Devi]] || [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 48 kg|Women's freestyle 48 kg]] || 7 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Ashish Kumar (gymnast)|Ashish Kumar]] || [[Gymnastics]] || [[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's vault|Men's vault]] || 8 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Manavjit Singh Sandhu]] [[Mansher Singh]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's trap pairs|Men's trap pairs]] || 8 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Babita Kumari (wrestler)|Babita Kumari]] || [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 51 kg|Women's freestyle 51 kg]] || 8 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Mouma Das]] [[Poulomi Ghatak]] [[Shamini Kumaresan]] || [[Table tennis]] || [[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's team|Women's team]] || 8 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || Badminton Mixed Team || [[Badminton]] || [[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Mixed team|Mixed team]] || 8 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Sania Mirza]] || [[Tennis]] || [[Tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Women's singles]] || 9 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Vijay Kumar (sport shooter)|Vijay Kumar]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 25 metre centre fire pistol singles|Men's 25m centre fire pistol individual]] || 10 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Anuj Chaudhary (wrestler)|Anuj Kumar]] || [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 84 kg|Men's freestyle 84 kg]] || 10 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Joginder Kumar (wrestler)|Joginder Kumar]] || [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 120 kg|Men's freestyle 120 kg]] || 10 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Vikas Shive Gowda]] || [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's discus throw|Men's discus throw]] || 10 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Prajusha Maliakkal]] || [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's long jump|Women's long jump]] || 10 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Harwant Kaur]] || [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's discus throw|Women's discus throw]] || 11 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Tejaswini Sawant]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 50 metre rifle prone singles|Women's 50m rifle prone singles]] || 12 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Samresh Jung]] [[Chandrasekhar Chaudhary]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 25 metre standard pistol pairs|Men's 25m standard pistol pairs]] || 12 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Heena Sidhu]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10 metre air pistol singles|Women's 10m air pistol singles]] || 13 October
|-
| {{Silver medal}} || [[India men's national field hockey team|Men's hockey team]] || [[Field hockey|Hockey]] || [[Hockey at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Men's team]] || 14 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Atom Sandhya Rani Devi]] || [[Olympic weightlifting|Weightlifting]] || [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 48 kg|Women's 48kg]] || 4 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Valluri Srinivasa Rao]] || [[Olympic weightlifting|Weightlifting]] || [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 56 kg|Men's 56kg]] || 4 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || Sunil Kumar || [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 66 kg|Men's Greco-Roman 66 kg]] || 6 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Dharmender Dalal]] || [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 120 kg|Men's Greco-Roman 120 kg]] || 6 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Prasanta Karmakar]] || [[Swimming (sport)|Swimming]] || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre freestyle S9|Men's 50m freestyle S9]] || 6 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Bheigyabati Chanu]] [[Jhano Hansdah]] [[Gagandeep Kaur]] || [[Archery]] || [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's compound team|Women's compound team]] || 7 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Ashish Kumar (gymnast)|Ashish Kumar]] || [[Gymnastics]] || [[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's floor|Men's floor]] || 7 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Sudhir Kumar Chitradurga|Sudhir Kumar]] || [[Olympic weightlifting|Weightlifting]] || [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 77 kg|Men's 77kg]] || 7 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Suman Kundu]] || [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 63 kg|Women's freestyle 63kg]] || 7 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Rahul Banerjee (archer)|Rahul Banerjee]] [[Tarundeep Rai]] [[Jayanta Talukdar]] || [[Archery]] || [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's recurve team|Men's recurve team]] || 8 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Gurpreet Singh (shooter)|Gurpreet Singh]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 25 metre rapid fire pistol singles|Men's 25m rapid fire pistol individual]] || 8 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Kavita Raut]] || [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10,000 metres|Women's 10,000m]] || 8 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Harminder Singh]] || [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 20 kilometres walk|Men's 20 kilometres walk]] || 9 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Suma Shirur]] [[Kavita Yadav]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10 metre air rifle pairs|Women's 10 m air rifle pairs]] || 9 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Sharath Kamal]] [[Anthony Amalraj]] [[Abhishek Ravichandran]] || [[Table tennis]] || [[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's team|Men's team]] || 9 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Laishram Monika Devi]] || [[Olympic weightlifting|Weightlifting]] || [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 75 kg|Women's 75kg]] || 9 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Leander Paes]] [[Mahesh Bhupati]] || [[Tennis]] || [[Tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Men's doubles]] || 9 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Dola Banerjee]] || [[Archery]] || [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's recurve individual|Women's recurve individual]] || 10 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Jayanta Talukdar]] || [[Archery]] || [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's recurve individual|Men's recurve individual]] || 10 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Manavjit Singh Sandhu]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's trap singles|Men's trap Individual]] || 10 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Sheetal Chandra (wrestler)|Sheetal Chandra]] || [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 55 kg|Men's freestyle 55 kg]] || 10 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Sania Mirza]] [[Rushmi Chakravarthi]] || [[Tennis]] || [[Tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Women's doubles]] || 10 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Tejaswini Sawant]] [[Meena Kumari (shooter)|Meena Kumari]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 50 metre rifle prone pairs|Women's 50 metre rifle prone pairs]] || 11 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Seema Antil]] || [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's discus throw|Women's discus throw]] || 11 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Amandeep Singh (boxer)|Amandeep Singh]] || [[Boxing]] || [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Light flyweight|Men's light flyweight]] || 11 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Jai Bhagwan (boxer)|Jai Bhagwan]] || [[Boxing]] || [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Lightweight|Men's lightweight]] || 11 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Dilbagh Singh (boxer)|Dilbagh Singh]] || [[Boxing]] || [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Welterweight|Men's welterweight]] || 11 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Vijender Singh]] || [[Boxing]] || [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Middleweight|Men's welterweight]] || 11 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Sathi Geetha]] [[Hiriyur Jyothi]] [[Srabani Nanda]] [[P. K. Priya]] || [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 4 x 100 metres relay|Women's 4 × 100 m relay]] || 12 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Rahamatulla Molla]] [[Suresh Sathya]] [[Shameer Naseema Manzile|Shameer Manzile]] [[Abdul Najeeb Qureshi]] || [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 x 100 metres relay|Men's 4 × 100 m relay]] || 12 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Renjith Maheswary]] || [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's triple jump|Men's triple jump]] || 12 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Kashinath Naik]] || [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's javelin throw|Men's javelin throw]] || 12 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Samresh Jung]] || [[Shooting sports|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 25 metre standard pistol singles|Men's 25m standard pistol singles]] || 13 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Parupalli Kashyap]] || [[Badminton]] || [[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Men's singles]] || 13 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Mouma Das]] [[Poulomi Ghatak]] || [[Table tennis]] || [[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|Women's doubles]] || 14 October
|-
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Sharath Kamal]] || [[Table tennis]] || [[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Men's singles]] || 14 October
|}

==Archery==
{{Main|Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}
India sent 12 archers to the 2010 commonwealth games [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/12-archers-to-compete-for-canada-at-commonwealth-games-1.934512 | publisher=CBC News | title=12 archers to compete for Canada at Commonwealth Games | date=6 July 2010}}</ref>

===Men===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
! rowspan="2" |Archer(s)
! rowspan="2"|Event
! colspan="2" |Qualification
! Round of 64
! Round of 32
! Round of 16
! Quarterfinal
! Semifinal
! colspan="2" |Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style="font-size:95%"
! Score
! Seed
! Opposition Score
! Opposition Score
! Opposition Score
! Opposition Score
! Opposition Score
! Opposition Score
! Rank
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Rahul Banerjee (archer)|Rahul Banerjee]]'''
|align=left rowspan=3| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's recurve individual|Recurve individual]]
| 679
| 1
| {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Terence Coward|Coward]] | JER|2010}} '''W''' 4-0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Shiek Sojeb|Sojeb]] | BAN|2010}} '''W''' 4-0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Mathew Masonwells|Masonwells]] | AUS|2010}} '''W''' 6-5
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Matthew Gray (archer)|Gray]] | AUS|2010}} '''W''' 6-5
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Jason Lyon|Lyon]] | CAN|2010}} '''W''' 6-5
| {{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Tarundeep Rai]]
| 647
| 13
| {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Karl Watson (archer)|Watson]] | NIR|2010}} '''W''' 4-0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Chu Sian Cheng|Cheng]] | MAS|2010}} '''L''' 0-4
| colspan=4| did not advance
|- align=center
| align=left| '''[[Jayanta Talukdar]]'''
| 676
| 2
| {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Konstantinos Loizou|Loizou]] | CYP|2010}} '''W''' 4-0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Constanti Christodoulou|Christodoulou]] | CYP|2010}} '''W''' 5-1
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Simon Terry|Terry]] | ENG|2010}} '''W''' 6-2
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Jason Lyon|Lyon]] | CAN|2010}} '''L''' 0=6
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Matthew Gray (archer)|Gray]] | AUS|2010}} '''W''' 6-4
| {{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Ritul Chatterjee]]
|align=left rowspan=3| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's compound individual|Compound individual]]
| 685
| 21
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Jules Cornet|Cornet]] | MRI|2010}} '''L'''
| colspan=6|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| Jignas Chittibomma
| 693
| 17
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Samsu Uddin|Uddin]] | BAN|2010}} '''W'''
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Alistair Whittingham|Whittingham]] | SCO|2010}} '''W'''
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Holtzhausen Cilliers|Cilliers]] | RSA|2010}} '''L'''
| colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Chinna Srither]]
| 691
| 18
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Dimitris Vasileiou|Vasileiou]] | CYP|2010}} '''W'''
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Anthony Waddick|Waddick]] | NZL|2010}} '''L'''
| colspan=5|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Jayanta Talukdar]] [[Rahul Banerjee (archer)|Rahul Banerjee]] [[Tarundeep Rai (archer)|Tarundeep Rai]]'''
|align=left| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's recurve team|Team recurve]]
| {{N/A}}
| 6
| colspan=3 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGF|SRI|2010}} '''W''' 213 - 205
| {{flagCGF|AUS|2010}} '''L''' 211 - 216
| {{flagCGF|ENG|2010}} '''W''' 221:218
| {{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Chinna Srither]] [[C H Jignas]] [[Ritul Chatterjee]]'''
|align=left| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's compound team|Team compound]]
| {{N/A}}
| 6
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGF|TRI|2010}} '''W''' 224:219
| {{flagCGF|NZL|2010}} '''W''' 226:225
| {{flagCGF|RSA|2010}} '''W''' 226:224
| {{flagCGF|ENG|2010}} '''L''' 229:231
| {{silver2}}
|}

===Women===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
! rowspan="2" |Athlete
! rowspan="2" |Event
! colspan="2" |Ranking Round
! Round of 32
! Round of 16
! Quarterfinals
! Semifinals
! colspan="2" | Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style="font-size:95%"
! Score
! Seed
! Opposition Score
! Opposition Score
! Opposition Score
! Opposition Score
! Opposition Score
! Rank
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Dola Banerjee]]'''
|align=left rowspan=3| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's recurve individual|Recurve individual]]
| 658
| 2
| {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Ng Sui Kim|Sui]] | MAS|2010}} '''W''' 4-2
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Amy Oliver|Oliver]] | ENG|2010}} '''W''' 6-2
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Alison Williamson|Williamson]] | ENG|2010}} '''L''' 2-6
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Anbarasi Subramanian|Subramanian]] | MAS|2010}} '''W''' 6-2
| {{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Laishram Bombayala Devi]]
| 624
| 9
| {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Alexandra Feeney|Feeney]] | AUS|2010}} '''L''' 4-2
| colspan=4 | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Deepika Kumari]]'''
| 662
| 1
| {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Tan Wendy Liu Jie|Tan]] | SIN|2010}} '''W''' 4-0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Alexandra Feeney|Feeney]] | AUS|2010}} '''W''' 6-0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Anbarasi Subramanian|Subramanian]] | MAS|2010}} '''W''' 7-1
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Alison Williamson|Williamson]] | ENG|2010}} '''W''' 6-0
| {{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Gagandeep Kaur]]
|align=left rowspan=3| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's compound individual|Compound individual]]
| 675
| 15
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Jorina Coetzee|Coetzee]] | RSA|2010}} '''W'''
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Nicky Hunt (archer)|Hunt]] | ENG|2010}} '''L'''
| colspan="4" | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Jhano Hansdah]]
| 674
| 17
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Rebecca Darby|Darby]] | AUS|2010}} '''L'''
| colspan="5" | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Bhegiyabati Chanu]]
| 667
| 21
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Stephanie Croskery|Croskery]] | NZL|2010}} '''L'''
| colspan="5" | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Dola Banerjee]] [[Deepika Kumari]] [[Bombayala Devi Laishram]]'''
|align=left| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's recurve team|Team recurve]]
| {{N/A}}
| 1
| colspan=3 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGF|MAS|2010}} '''W''' 213-185
| {{flagCGF|ENG|2010}} '''W''' 207-206
| {{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Gagandeep Kaur]] [[Jhano Hansdah]] [[Bhegiyabati Chanu]]'''
|align=left| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's compound team|Team compound]]
| {{N/A}}
| 5
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGF|AUS|2010}} '''W''' 227-220
| {{flagCGF|CAN|2010}} '''L''' 224-217
| {{flagCGF|MAS|2010}} '''W''' 223-219
| {{bronze3}}
|}

== Athletics==
{{Main|Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}
116 Indian athletes took part in track and field and won twelve medals.<ref name="Athletics">[http://indianathletics.org/news/Athletes%20for%20CWG%281%29.pdf PDF file of Athletics team of India]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

===Men===
====Road and Track events====
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Heat
!colspan="2"|Quarterfinal
!colspan="2"|Semifinal
!colspan="2"|Final
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Abdul Najeeb Qureshi|Abdul Qureshi]]
|align=center rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metres|100m]]
|10.40
|1'''Q'''
|10.30 {{AthAbbr|NR}}
|4'''q'''
|10.40
|7
|colspan=2 {{n/a|''Did not advance''}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Krishnakumar Satish Rane|Krishnakumar Rane]]
|10.61
|5'''q'''
|10.55
|7
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Nagaraj Gobbargumpi]]
|10.69
|6'''q'''
|10.65
|7
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Abdul Najeeb Qureshi|Abdul Qureshi]]
|align=center rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metres|200m]]
|colspan=2|{{AthAbbr|DSQ}}
|colspan=6 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Dharambir (athletics)|Dharambir]]
|21.48
|3'''Q'''
|21.20 {{AthAbbr|PB}}
|6
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Hussain Inaas]]
|23.06
|6
|colspan=6 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Harpreet Singh (athlete)|Harpreet Singh]]
|align=center|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 400 metres|400m]]
|48.29
|5
|colspan=6 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Manjit (athlete)|Manjit]]
|align=center rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 800 metres|800m]]
|1:51.22
|5'''q'''
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|1:50.88
|7
|colspan=2 {{n/a|''Did not advance''}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Francis Pathi]]
|1:50.12
|2'''Q'''
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|colspan=2|{{AthAbbr|DNF}}
|colspan=2 {{n/a|''Did not advance''}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Hamza Chatholi]]
|align=center rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 1500 metres|1500m]]
|3:44.72 {{AthAbbr|SB}}
|9
|colspan=6 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sandeep (Athletics)|Sandeep]]
|3:44.55
|6
|colspan=6 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sandip Kumar (runner)|Sandip Kumar]]
|align=center rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 5000 metres|5000m]]
|colspan=6 {{N/A}}
|14:22.59 {{AthAbbr|PB}}
|16
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sunil Kumar (athlete)|Sunil Kumar]]
|colspan=6 {{N/A}}
|14:18.99
|14
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sunil Kumar (athlete)|Sunil Kumar]]
|align=center rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 10,000 metres|10,000m]]
|colspan=6 {{N/A}}
|colspan=2|{{AthAbbr|DNF}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Suresh Kumar (athlete)|Suresh Kumar]]
|colspan=6 {{N/A}}
|29:49.74
|11
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Muthuswamy Pandi]]
|align=center rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 110 metres hurdles|110m hurdles]]
|14.97
|5
|colspan=6 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Siddhanth Thingalaya]]
|14.06
|5
|colspan=6 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Joseph Ganapathilacka]]
|align=center rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 400 metres hurdles|400m hurdles]]
|50.55
|4
|colspan=6 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Kuldev Singh]]
|51.59
|4
|colspan=6 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Elam Singh]]
|align=center rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 3000 metres steeplechase|3000m steeplechase]]
|colspan=6 {{N/A}}
|8:44.35
|9
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Ramachandran Ramadas]]
|colspan=6 {{N/A}}
|8:57.63
|10
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Rahamatulla Molla]] [[Suresh Sathya]] [[Shameer Naseema]] [[Abdul Qureshi]]'''
|align=center|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 x 100 metres relay|4 x 100m relay]]
|39.00 {{AthAbbr|NR}}
|1'''Q'''
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|38.89 {{AthAbbr|NR}}
|{{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Premananad Jayakumar]] [[Bibin Mathew]] [[Kunhu Puthanpurakkal]] [[Mortaja Shake]]
|align=center|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 x 400 metres relay|4 x 400m relay]]
|3:06.30
|3'''q'''
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|3:07.60
|7
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Bining Lyngkhoi]]
|align=center rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's marathon|Marathon]]
|colspan=6 {{N/A}}
|2:23:01
|9
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Ram Singh Yadav]]
|colspan=6 {{N/A}}
|2:21:24
|8
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Baljinder Singh]]
|align=center rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 20 kilometres walk|20km walk]]
|colspan=6 {{N/A}}
|1:29:18
|9
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Harminder Singh]]'''
|colspan=6 {{N/A}}
|1:23:28 {{AthAbbr|PB}}
|{{bronze3}}
|}

====Field events====
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Qualification
!colspan="2"|Final
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Distance
!Position
!Distance
!Position
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Nikhil Chittarasu]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's high jump|High jump]]
|2.16
|14 '''Q'''
|2.15
|13
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Hari Sankar Roy]]
|2.16
| =6 '''Q'''
|2.15
|11
|- align=center
|align=left|Harikrishnan
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's long jump|Long jump]]
|7.40
|15
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Ankit Sharma (athlete)|Ankit Sharma]]
|7.56
|8 '''q'''
|7.56
|8
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Mahan Singh (athlete)|Mahan Singh]]
|7.49
|10
|7.47
|9
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Renjith Maheswary]]'''
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's triple jump|Triple jump]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|17.07
|{{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Amarjeet Singh]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|16.00
|9
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Om Prakash Karhana]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's shot put|Shot put]]
|18.48
|5 '''q'''
|19.51
|5
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sourabh Vij]]
|17.16
|7 '''q'''
|18.60
|6
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Vikas Gowda]]'''
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's discus throw|Discus throw]]
|60.83
|2 '''Q'''
|63.69
|{{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Anil Kumar (discus)|Anil Kumar]]
|47.86
|13
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Chandrodaya Singh]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's hammer throw|Hammer throw]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|64.20
|9
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Kamalpreet Singh]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|61.00
|11
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Kashinath Naik]]'''
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's javelin throw|Javelin throw]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|74.29
|{{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left|Rajender Singh
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|73.72
|4
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Samarjeet Singh]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|68.84
|8
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Upadhyay Gajanan]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's pole vault|Pole vault]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|4.80
|9
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Vadivelu Natarajan]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|colspan=2|NM
|}

===Women's track===
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Heat
!colspan="2"|Semifinal
!colspan="2"|Final
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sathi Geetha]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metres|100m]]
|11.80
|5 '''q'''
|11.82
|7
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Hiriyur Jyothi]]
|11.81
|4 '''Q'''
|11.86
|6
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sathi Geetha]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metres|200m]]
|23.99
|3 '''Q'''
|colspan=2|DSQ
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Hiriyur Jyothi]]
|24.25
|3 '''Q'''
|24.52
|6
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Mandeep Kaur (athlete)|Mandeep Kaur]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 400 metres|400m]]
|52.48
|3 '''Q'''
|52.60
|4 '''q'''
|52.37
|5
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Manjeet Kaur]]
|52.75
|1 '''Q'''
|53.04
|3
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Tintu Luka]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 800 metres|800m]]
|2:02.73
|1 '''Q'''
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|2:01.25
|6
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sinimole Paulose]]
|2:03.44
|4
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sushma Devi]]
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 1500 metres|1500m]]
|4:22.05
|7
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Jhuma Khatun]]
|4:12.30
|7 '''q'''
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|4:14.95
|12
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Jaisha Orchatteri]]
|4:13.15
|9
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Lalita Babar]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 5000 metres|5000m]]
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|colspan=2|DNS
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Jhuma Khatun]]
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|colspan=2|DNS
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Lalita Babar]]
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10,000 metres|10,000m]]
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|35:03.49
|8
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Kavita Raut]]'''
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|33:05.28
|{{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Preeja Sreedharan]]
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|33:43.91
|7
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Anuradha Biswal]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100m hurdles]]
|14.96
|6
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Gayathri Govindaraj]]
|13.83
|3 '''Q'''
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|13.95
|7
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Ashwini Akkunji]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 400 metres hurdles|400m hurdles]]
|59.49
|5
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Jauna Murmu]]
|59.86
|5
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[O. P. Jaisha]]
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 3000 metres steeplechase|3000m steeplechase]]
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|10:20.83
|8
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Priyanka Singh]]
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|10:26.48
|9
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sudha Singh]]
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|9:57.63 '''PB'''
|5
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Sathi Geetha]] [[Hiriyur Jyothi]] [[Srabani Nanda]] [[P. K. Priya]]'''
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 4 x 100 metres relay|4 x 100m relay]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thecgf.com/results/team/7008 |title=Athletics 4 x 100m Relay - Women Delhi 2010 |website=thecgf.com |publisher=[[Commonwealth Games Federation]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804061837/https://thecgf.com/results/team/7008 |archive-date=4 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://results.cwgdelhi2010.org/en/Root.mvc/GetPdf/AT0000000_C32C1_8.0.PDF#page=51 |title=ATHLETICS: Entry List by Event |website=cwgdelhi2010.org |publisher=[[Delhi 2010 Commonwealth Games]] |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025231200/http://results.cwgdelhi2010.org/en/Root.mvc/GetPdf/AT0000000_C32C1_8.0.PDF#page=51 |archive-date=25 October 2010}}</ref>
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|45.25
|{{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Ashwini Akkunji]] [[Sini Jose]] [[Jauna Murmu]] [[Chitra Soman]]'''
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 4 x 400 metres relay|4 x 400m relay]]
|3:32.52
|1 '''Q'''
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|3:27.77
|{{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Preethi Lakshmi]]
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's marathon|Marathon]]
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|3:08.14
|11
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sandhya Kakkuziyil Jolly]]
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 20 kilometres walk|20km walk]]
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|1:51:44
|7
|}

====Field events====
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Qualification
!colspan="2"|Final
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Distance
!Position
!Distance
!Position
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Kavya Muthanna]]
|align=center rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's high jump|High jump]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|1.68
|13
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sahana Kumari]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|1.83 {{AthAbbr|SB}}
|4
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Mayookha Johny]]
|align=center rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's long jump|Long jump]]
|6.27
|8'''q'''
|6.30
|6
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Prajusha Maliakkal]]'''
|6.31'''q'''
|6
|6.47
|{{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Reshmi Bose]]
|6.12
|10'''q'''
|6.26
|7
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Gayathri Govindaraj]]
|align=center rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's triple jump|Triple jump]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|12.96
|10
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Mayookha Johny]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|13.58
|7
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Prajusha Maliakkal]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|13.72 {{AthAbbr|NR}}
|4
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Manpreet Kaur (athlete)|Manpreet Kaur]]
|align=center rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's shot put|Shot put]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|14.50
|9
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Patwant Kaur]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|12.63
|11
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Harwant Kaur]]'''
|align=center rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's discus throw|Discus throw]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|60.16
|{{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Krishna Poonia]]'''
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|61.51
|{{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Seema Antil]]'''
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|58.46
|{{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Hardeep Kaur]]
|align=center rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's hammer throw|Hammer throw]]
|59.73
|11'''q'''
|59.96
|10
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Manju Bala]]
|54.84
|15
|colspan=2 {{n/a|''Did not advance''}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Saraswathi Sundaram]]
|align=center rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's javelin throw|Javelin throw]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|51.51 {{AthAbbr|SB}}
|8
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Suman Devi]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|51.19 {{AthAbbr|SB}}
|9
|}

===Paralympic athletics===
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Heats
!colspan="2"|Semifinals
!colspan="2"|Final
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Markanda Reddy]]
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre T46|Men's 100m T46]]
|11.72
|5 '''q'''
|11.71
|6
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Jagseer Singh]]
|12.01
|5
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sandeep Singh (athlete)|Sandeep Singh]]
|11.85
|4 '''q'''
|11.81
|6
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Amit Kumar (athlete)|Amit Kumar]]
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's shot put (F32/34/52)|Men's shot put F32/34/52]]
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|4.39
|8
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Manjualam Mahadevaiah]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's shot put (F32–34/52/53)|Women's shot put F32-34/52/53]]
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|3.42
|6
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Deepa Malik]]
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|3.63
|7
|}

== Badminton==
{{main|Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}
<ref>{{cite web |author=Sir Andrew Foster |url=http://www.weareengland.org/news.asp?itemid=392&itemTitle=Badminton%3A+Robertson+to+defend+title+as+Ouseph+aims+to+make+his+mark+in+Delhi&section=115&sectionTitle=News |title=Badminton: Robertson to defend title as Ouseph aims to make his mark in Delhi – Commonwealth Games England |publisher=Weareengland.org |date=18 August 2010 |access-date=5 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307183051/http://www.weareengland.org/news.asp?itemid=392&itemTitle=Badminton%3A+Robertson+to+defend+title+as+Ouseph+aims+to+make+his+mark+in+Delhi&section=115&sectionTitle=News |archive-date=7 March 2012 }}</ref>

===Men===
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!Round of 64
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Chetan Anand (badminton)|Chetan Anand]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Men's singles]]
|{{n/a|Bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Ebenezar Olaoluwa Fagbemi|Fagbemi]]|NGR|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[James van Hooijdonk|van Hooijdonk]]|WAL|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Carl Baxter|Baxter]]|ENG|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Chong Wei Lee|Lee]]|MAS|2010}} '''L''' 0-2
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Kashyap Parupalli|Parupalli]]|IND|2010}} '''L''' 0-2
|4
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Kashyap Parupalli]]'''
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Michael Stewart Brownlee|Brownlee]]|FAI|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Charles Saunders Pyne|Pyne]]|JAM|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Kieran Merilees|Merilees]]|SCO|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Muhammad Hafiz Hasim|Hashim]]|MAS|2010}} '''W''' 2-1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Rajiv Ouseph|Ouseph]]|ENG|2010}} '''L''' 1-2
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Chetan Anand (badminton)|Anand]]|IND|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
|{{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Rupesh Kumar]] [[Sanava Thomas]]
|align=left|[[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's doubles|Men's doubles]]
|colspan=1 {{N/A}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Enejoh Abah|Abah]] / [[Ocholi Edicha|Edicha]]|NGR|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Gareth Henry|Henry]] / [[Garron Palmer|Palmer]]|JAM|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Chayut Triyachart|Triyachart]] / [[Zi Liand Derek Wong|Wong]]|SIN|2010}} '''L''' 0-2
|colspan=3|did not advance
|}

===Women===
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!Round of 64
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Aditi Mutatkar]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Women's singles]]
|{{n/a|Bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Subodha Dahanayake|Dahanayake]]|SRI|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Kirsty Gilmour|Gilmour]]|SCO|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Wong Mew Choo|Wong]]|MAS|2010}} '''L''' 0-2
|colspan=3|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Saina Nehwal]]'''
|{{n/a|Bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Sarah Thomas (badminton)|Thomas]]|WAL|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Caroline Black (badminton)|Black]]|NIR|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Anna Rice|Rice]]|CAN|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Susan Egelstaff|Egelstaff]]|SCO|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Wong Mew Choo|Wong]]|MAS|2010}} '''W''' 2-1
|{{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Aparna Balan]] [[Aditi Mutatkar]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|Women's doubles]]
|{{N/A}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Anna Luxton|Luxton]] / [[Laura Minto|Minto]]|FAI|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Leanne Choo|Choo]] / [[Renuga Veeran|Veeran]]|AUS|2010}} '''L''' 0-2
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Jwala Gutta]] [[Ashwini Ponnappa]]'''
|colspan=2 {{n/a|Bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Eei Hui Chin|Chin]] / [[Khe Wei Woon|Woon]]|MAS|2010}} '''W''' 2-1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Mariana Agathangelou|Agathangelou]] / [[Heather Olver|Olver]]|ENG|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Tang He Tian|Tian]] / [[Kate Wilson-Smith|Wilson]]|AUS|2010}} '''W''' 2-1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Yao Lei|Yao]] / [[Shinta Mulia Sari|Sari]]|SIN|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
|{{gold1}}
|}

===Mixed===
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Valiyaveetil Diju]] [[Jwala Gutta]]
|align=left rowspan=3| Mixed Doubles
| {{flagCGFathlete|Henry Karjohn | JAM|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
| {{flagCGFathlete|Ponnappa Kumar| IND|2010}} '''W''' 2-1
| {{flagCGFathlete|Koo Chin| MAS|2010}} '''L''' 0-2
| colspan="3" | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] [[Rupesh Kumar]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|Malcouzane Camille | SEY|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
| {{flagCGFathlete|Diju Gutta | IND|2010}} '''L''' 1-2
| colspan="3" | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Aparna Balan]] [[Sanave Thomas]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|Tang Warfe | AUS|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
| {{flagCGFathlete|Braimah Fagbemi | NGR|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
| {{flagCGFathlete|White Adcock| ENG|2010}} '''L''' 0-2
| colspan="3" | did not advance
|- align=center
| '''[[Chetan Anand (badminton)|Chetan Anand]] [[Parupalli Kashyap]] [[Saina Nehwal]] [[Aditi Mutatkar]] [[Jwala Gutta]] [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] [[Aparna Balan]] [[Rupesh Kumar]] [[Valiyaveetil Diju]] [[Sanave Thomas]]'''
| [[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Mixed team|Mixed team]]
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGF|CAN|2010}} '''W''' 3–0
| {{flagCGF|ENG|2010}} '''W''' 3–0
| {{flagCGF|MAS|2010}} '''L''' 1–3
| {{silver2}}
|}

== Boxing==
{{main|Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}
India won seven medals including three gold medals.<ref>[http://www.abae.co.uk/News_Archive/004_2010/August/Team_selected_for_Commonwealth_Games.asp]{{dead link|date=June 2011}}</ref>
;Men
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
! rowspan="2" |Athlete
! rowspan="2" |Event
! Round of 32
! Round of 16
! Quarterfinal
! Semifinal
! colspan=2| Final
|-
! Opposition Result
! Opposition Result
! Opposition Result
! Opposition Result
! Opposition Result
! Rank
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Amandeep Singh (boxer)|Amandeep Singh]]'''
|align=left| [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Light flyweight|Light Flyweight –49 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Peter Warui|Warui]]|KEN|2010}} '''W''' 6-2
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Haziza Matusi|Matusi]]|RWA|2010}} '''W''' 4-0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Mohammad Fuad|Fuad]]|MAS|2010}} '''W''' 7-1
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Paddy Barnes|Barnes]]|NIR|2010}} '''L''' 0-5
| {{n/a|''Did not advance''}}
| {{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Suranjoy Mayengbam]]'''
|align=left| [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Flyweight|Flyweight –52 kg]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Manyo Plange|Plange]]|GHA|2010}} '''W''' 15-4
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Mohammad Subrie|Subrie]]|MAS|2010}} '''W''' 9-2
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Haroon Khan (boxer)|Iqbal]]|PAK|2010}} '''W''' 9-3
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Benson Njangiru|Njangiru]]|KEN}} '''W''' {{Abbr|WO|Walk-Over}}
| {{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Akhil Kumar]]
|align=left| [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Bantamweight|Bantamweight –56 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Qadir Khan (boxing)|Khan]]|PAK|2010}} '''W''' 7–0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Iain Weaver (boxing)|Weaver]]|ENG|2010}} '''W''' 11–6
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Louis Julie|Julie]]|MRI|2010}} '''L''' 5–7
| colspan=3 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Jai Bhagwan (boxer)|Jai Bhagwan]]'''
|align=left| [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Lightweight|Lightweight –60 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Colan Caleb|Caleb]]|NRU|2010}} '''W''' 11–1
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Nasser Mafuru|Mafuru]]|TAN|2010}} '''W''' 11–2
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Waheed Songbamu|Songbamu]]|NGR|2010}} '''W''' 10–0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Thomas Stalker|Stalker]]|ENG|2010}} '''L''' 5–10
| {{n/a|''Did not advance''}}
| {{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Manoj Kumar (boxer)|Manoj Kumar]]'''
|align=left| [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Light welterweight|Light Welterweight –64 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Daniel Lassayo|Lassayo]]|SLE|2010}} '''W''' {{Abbr|RSC|Referee Stops Contest}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Gomatsang Gaasite|Gaasite]]|BOT|2010}} '''W''' 5–2
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Blackmoses Mathenge|Mathenge]]|KEN|2010}} '''W''' 6-2
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Valentino Knowles|Knowles]]|BAH|2010}} '''W''' 3–1
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Bradley Saunders|Saunders]]|ENG|2010}} '''W''' 11–2
| {{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Dilbag Singh (boxer)|Dilbag Singh]]'''
|align=left| [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Welterweight|Welterweight –69 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Viliami Latu|Latu]]|TON|2010}} '''W''' 22–4
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Aaron Prince|Prince]]|TRI|2010}} '''W''' 11–3
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Moabi Mothiba|Mothiba]]|BOT|2010}} '''W''' 11–3
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Patrick Gallagher (boxer)|Gallagher]]|NIR|2010}} '''L''' 4–5
| {{n/a|''Did not advance''}}
| {{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Vijender Singh]]'''
|align=left| [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Middleweight|Middleweight –75 kg]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Dick Ombaka|Ombaka]]|KEN|2010}} '''W''' {{Abbr|RSC|Referee Stops Contest}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Elias Nashivela|Nashivela]]|NAM|2010}} '''W''' {{Abbr|KO|Knock-out}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Anthony Ogogo|Ogogo]]|ENG|2010}} '''L''' 3–4
| {{n/a|''Did not advance''}}
| {{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Dinesh Kumar (boxer)|Dinesh Kumar]]
|align=left| [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Light heavyweight|Light Heavyweight –81 kg]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Obed MBwakongo|Mbwakongo]]|ENG|2010}} '''L''' 8–9
| colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Manpreet Singh (boxer)|Manpreet Singh]]
|align=left| [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Heavyweight|Heavyweight –91 kg]]
|{{n/a}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Haruna Mhando|Mhando]]|TAN|2010}} '''W''' 15–3
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Steven Ward (boxer)|Ward]]|NIR|2010}} '''L''' 10-11
| colspan=3 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Paramjit Samota]]'''
|align=left| [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Super heavyweight|Super Heavyweight +91 kg]]
| {{n/a}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Andre Reid|Reid]]|JAM|2010}} '''W''' {{Abbr|RSC|Referee Stops Contest}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Alexey Mukhin|Mukhin]]|AUS|2010}} '''W''' 7–4
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Junior Fa|Fa]]|TON|2010}} '''W''' 6–2
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Tariq Abdul Haqq|Haqq]]|TRI|2010}} '''W''' 5–1
| {{gold1}}
|}

==Diving==
{{Main|Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}
India selected a team to the Games:

===Men===
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Preliminaries
!colspan="2"|Final
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Points
!Rank
!Points
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Puskar Chingshubam]]
|align=left|[[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 10 metre platform|10m platform]]
|307.30
|10
|292.00
|10
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Manesh Mohan]]
|align=left|[[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 3 metre springboard|Men's 3m springboard]]
|255.70
|13
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Rabikumar Senjam]]
|align=left|[[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 1 metre springboard|Men's 1m springboard]]
|251.70
|13
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Hari Thimmarayappa]]
|align=left|[[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 1 metre springboard|Men's 1m springboard]]
|274.75
|12 '''Q'''
|251.25
|12
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 3 metre springboard|Men's 3m springboard]]
|260.70
|12
|261.20
|12
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Himanshu Tiwari]]
|align=left|[[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 10 metre platform|Men's 10m platform]]
|227.40
|11
|248.60
|11
|}

===Women===
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Preliminaries
!colspan="2"|Final
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Points
!Rank
!Points
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Karishma Mohite]]
|align=left|[[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 1 metre springboard|Women's 1m springboard]]
|137.10
|13
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 3 metre springboard|Women's 3m springboard]]
|190.10
|13
|175.35
|12
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Deepti Panwar]]
|align=left|[[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10 metre platform|Women's 10m platform]]
|171.60
|13
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Hrutika Shriram]]
|align=left|[[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 1 metre springboard|Women's 1m springboard]]
|152.55
|12 '''Q'''
|166.95
|12
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 3 metre springboard|Women's 3m springboard]]
|190.10
|12 '''Q'''
|194.60
|11
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10 metre platform|Women's 10m platform]]
|176.75
|12 '''Q'''
|220.85
|12
|}

==Gymnastics==
{{Main|Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}
India selected gymnasts to the Games.<ref>[http://www.commonwealthgames.ca/Corporate/index_e.aspx?articleId=2052]{{dead link|date=June 2011}}</ref>

===Men's artistic===
;Team
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=3|Athlete
!rowspan=3|Event
!colspan=8|Final
|-style=font-size:95%
!colspan=6|Apparatus
!rowspan=2|Total
!rowspan=2|Rank
|-style=font-size:95%
!{{tooltip|F|Floor}}
!{{tooltip|PH|Pommel horse}}
!{{tooltip|R|Rings}}
!{{tooltip|V|Vault}}
!{{tooltip|PB|Parallel bars}}
!{{tooltip|HB|Horizontal bar}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Rohit Jaiswal]] [[Ashish Kumar (gymnast)|Ashish Kumar]] [[Partha Mondal]] [[Rakesh Patra]]
|align=left|Team
|39.750
|37.850
|41.600
|44.450
|39.550
|37.200
|240.400
|6
|}

;Individual
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan =6|Apparatus
!rowspan=2|Total
!rowspan=2|Rank
|-style="font-size:95%"
!{{Tooltip|F|Floor}}
!{{Tooltip|PH|Pommel horse}}
!{{Tooltip|R|Rings}}
!{{Tooltip|V|Vault}}
!{{Tooltip|PB|Parallel bars}}
!{{Tooltip|HB|Horizontal bar}}
|- align=center
|align=left rowspan=3|'''[[Ashish Kumar (gymnast)|Ashish Kumar]]'''
|align=left|[[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's artistic individual all-around|All-around]]
|14.850
|12.500
|13.700
|16.200
|12.700
|11.850
|81.800
|8
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's floor|Floor]]
|14.475
|colspan=5 {{N/A}}
|14.475
|{{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's vault|Vault]]
|colspan=3 {{N/A}}
|15.312
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|15.312
|{{silver2}}
|}

===Women===
;Team
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=3|Athlete
!rowspan=3|Event
!colspan=6|Final
|-style=font-size:95%
!colspan=4|Apparatus
!rowspan=2|Total
!rowspan=2|Rank
|-style=font-size:95%
!{{tooltip|V|Vault}}
!{{tooltip|UB|Uneven bars}}
!{{tooltip|BB|Balance beam}}
!{{tooltip|F|Floor}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Priti Das]] [[Roma Dilip Joglekar]] [[Dipa Karmakar]] [[Meenakshi Meenakshi]] [[Debjani Samanta]]
|align=left|Team
|39.150
|24.650
|29.150
|31.350
|124.300
|8
|}

;Individual
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan =4|Apparatus
!rowspan=2|Total
!rowspan=2|Rank
|-style="font-size:95%"
!{{Tooltip| V | Vault}}
!{{Tooltip| UB | Uneven bars}}
!{{Tooltip| BB | Balance beam}}
!{{Tooltip| F | Floor}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Dipa Karmakar]]
|align=left|[[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's vault|Vault]]
|12.687
|colspan=3 {{N/A}}
|12.687
|7
|}

===Rhythmic===
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan=6|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Hoop
!Ball
!Clubs
!Ribbon
!Total
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Pooja Surve|Pooja Shriniwas Surve]]
|align=left|[[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's rhythmic individual all-around|Individual all-around]]
|16.200
|17.600
|16.925
|17.650
|68.375
|16
|}

==Field Hockey==
{{Main|Hockey at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}

===Men===
* [[Sandeep Singh]]
* [[Arjun Halappa]]
* [[Prabhjot Singh (field hockey)|Prabhjot Singh]]
* [[Sardara Singh]]
* [[Gurwinder Singh Chandi]]
* [[Deepak Thakur]]
* [[Sarwanjit Singh]]
* [[Gurbaj Singh]]
* [[Tushar Khandker]]
* [[Rajpal Singh]] (captain)
* [[P. R. Shreejesh|Sreejesh Ravindran]]
* [[Shivendra Singh]]
* [[Bharat Chikara]]
* [[Dhananjay Mahadik (field hockey)|Dhananjay Mahadik]]
* [[Vikram Pillay]]
* [[Danish Mujtaba]]
* Coach:- [[Jose Brasa]]
India has been drawn into Group A with Australia, Pakistan, Malaysia and Scotland.

====Pool A====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|-
! width=175 | Team
! width=20 | Pts
! width=20 | Pld
! width=20 | W
! width=20 | l
! width=20 | L
! width=20 | GF
! width=20 | GA
! width=20 | GD
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| align=left | {{fh|Australia}}
| '''12''' || 4 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 22 || 2 || +20
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| align=left | {{fh|India}}
| '''9''' || 4 || 3 || 0 || 1 || 16 || 11 || +5
|-
| align=left | {{fh|Pakistan}}
| '''6''' || 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 11 || 9 || +2
|-
| align=left | {{fh|Malaysia}}
| '''3''' || 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 5 || 14 || −11
|-
| align=left | {{fh|Scotland}}
| '''0''' || 4 || 0 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 18 || −18
|}

{{fieldhockeybox|date=5 October 2010 |time=19:00 |team1={{fh-rt|India}} |score=3–2 |team2={{fh|Malaysia}} |goals1=[[Dhananjay Mahadik (field hockey)|Mahadik]] {{fhg|PC|27}} [[Sandeep Singh|Singh]] {{fhg|PC|35+}} Bharat {{fhg|FG|66}} |report={{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20101008152826/http://results.cwgdelhi2010.org/en/Comp.mvc/Info/StartList/HOM400A02 Report]}} |goals2=[[Hafifihafiz Hanafi|Hanafi]] {{fhg|FG|15}} [[Azlan Misron|Misron]] {{fhg|FG|34}} |umpires=Gareth Greenfield (NZL) Martin Madden (SCO)}}
----

----
{{fieldhockeybox|date=7 October 2010 |time=16:00 |team1={{fh-rt|India}} |score=2–5 |team2={{fh|Australia}} |goals1=[[Dharamvir Singh|Singh]] {{fhg|FG|12}} [[Sandeep Singh|Sandeep]] {{fhg|PC|70+}} |report=[http://results.cwgdelhi2010.org/en/Comp.mvc/Info/ResultList/HOM400A05 Report]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |goals2=[[Des Abbott|Abbott]] {{fhg|FG|2}} [[Trent Mitton|Mitton]] {{fhg|FG|6}} [[Eddie Ockenden|Ockenden]] {{fhg|PC|48}} [[Liam de Young|de Young]] {{fhg|FG|54}} [[Glenn Turner (field hockey)|Turner]] {{fhg|FG|58}} |umpires=Nathan Stagno (GIB) Andrew Kennedy (ENG)}}
----

----
{{fieldhockeybox|date=9 October 2010 |time=19:00 |team1={{fh-rt|Scotland}} |score=0–4 |team2={{fh|India}} |goals1= |report=[http://results.cwgdelhi2010.org/en/Comp.mvc/Info/ResultList/HOM400A08 Report]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}|goals2= [[Sarvanjit Singh]] {{fhg|FG|8}} [[Dharamvir Singh]] {{fhg|FG|13}} {{fhg|FG|61}} [[Dhananjay Mahadik (field hockey)|Dhananjay Mahadik]] {{fhg|PC|51}} |umpires=Albert Marcano (TRI) Tim Pullman (AUS)}}
----

----
{{fieldhockeybox|date=10 October 2010 |time=19:00 |team1={{fh-rt|Pakistan}} |score=4–7 |team2={{fh|India}} |goals1= [[Muhammad Imran (field hockey)|Imran]] {{fhg|PS|27}} [[Muhammad Rizwan Sr.|Rizwan]] {{fhg|FG|29}} [[Muhammad Irfan (field hockey)|Irfan]] {{fhg|PC|58}} [[Shakeel Abbasi|Shakeel]] {{fhg|FG|68}}|report={{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20101010074115/http://results.cwgdelhi2010.org/en/Comp.mvc/Info/ResultList/HOM400A10 Report]}}|goals2= [[Sandeep Singh|Sandeep]] {{fhg|PC|3}} {{fhg|PC|11}} [[Shivendra Singh|Shivendra]] {{fhg|FG|19}} {{fhg|FG|59}} [[Saravanjit Singh|Saravanjit]] {{fhg|PC|20}} [[Danish Mujtaba|Danish]] {{fhg|PC|41}} [[Dharamvir Singh|Dharamvir]] {{fhg|FG|45}}|umpires=Tim Pullman (AUS) Nathan Stagno (GIB)}}

----

===First to fourth place classification===
{{Round4


| 12 October 2010|'''{{fh|AUS}}'''|'''6'''|{{fh|NZ}}|2
| 12 October 2010|{{fh|ENG}}|3 (4)|'''{{fh|IND}}'''|'''3 (5)'''

| 14 October 2010|'''{{fh|AUS}}'''|'''8'''|{{fh|IND}}|0|
}}

====Semi-finals====
{{fieldhockeybox|date=12 October 2010 |time=17:30 |team1={{fh-rt|England}} |score=3–3 |aet=yes |team2={{fh|India}} |goals1=[[Ashley Jackson (field hockey)|Jackson]] {{fhg|PC|35+}} {{fhg|PC|41}} [[Simon Mantell|S. Mantell]] {{fhg|PC|45}} |report=[http://results.cwgdelhi2010.org/en/Root.mvc/GetPdf/HOM400202_C73A_1.0.pdf Report]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |goals2=[[Saravanjit Singh|Saravanjit]] {{fhg|PC|20}} {{fhg|FG|60}} [[Vikram Vishnu Pillay|Pillay]] {{fhg|FG|56}} |umpires=Tim Pullman (AUS) Nathan Stagno (GIB) |penalties1=[[Richard Smith (field hockey)|Smith]] {{fhps|g}} [[Richard Mantell|R. Mantell]] {{fhps|g}} [[Glenn Kirkham|Kirkham]] {{fhps|m}} [[Ashley Jackson (field hockey)|Jackson]] {{fhps|g}} [[Simon Mantell|S. Mantell]] {{fhps|g}} |penaltyscore=4–5 |penalties2={{fhps|g}} [[Saravanjit Singh|Saravanjit]] {{fhps|g}} [[Vikram Vishnu Pillay|Pillay]] {{fhps|g}} [[Sandeep Singh|Sandeep]] {{fhps|g}} [[Arjun Halappa|Halappa]] {{fhps|g}} [[Shivendra Singh|Shivendra]]}}

====Gold medal match====
{{fieldhockeybox|date=14 October 2010 |time=11:30 |team1={{fh-rt|Australia}}|score=8–0 |team2={{fh|India}} |goals1=[[Jason Wilson (field hockey)|Wilson]] {{fhg|FG|19}} {{fhg|FG|28}} [[Chris Ciriello|Ciriello]] {{fhg|PC|21}} [[Luke Doerner|Doerner]] {{fhg|PC|34}} {{fhg|PC|52}} [[Simon Orchard|Orchard]] {{fhg|FG|60}} [[Jamie Dwyer|Dwyer]] {{fhg|FG|66}} [[Glenn Turner (field hockey)|Turner]] {{fhg|FG|70}} |report=[http://results.cwgdelhi2010.org/en/Root.mvc/GetPdf/HOM400101_C73A_1.0.PDF Report]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |goals2= |umpires=Peter Wright (RSA) Nathan Stagno (GIB)}}
----

===Women===
* [[Binita Toppo]]
* [[Subhadra Pradhan]]
* [[Joydeep Kaur]]
* [[Asunta Lakra]]
* [[Kirandeep Kaur]]
* [[Mukta Prava Barla]]
* [[Deepika Thakur]]
* [[Ritu Rani]]
* [[Surinder Kaur (field hockey)|Surinder Kaur]] (captain)
* [[Saba Anjum]]
* [[Rani Rampal]]
* [[Jasjeet Kaur Handa]]
* [[Thokcham Chanchan Devi]]
* [[Poonam Rani]]
* [[Dipika Murty]]
* [[Rajani Etimarpu]]

====Pool A====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|-
! width=175 | Team
! width=20 | Pts
! width=20 | Pld
! width=20 | W
! width=20 | D
! width=20 | L
! width=20 | GF
! width=20 | GA
! width=20 | GD
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| align=left | {{fhw|Australia}}
| '''10''' || 4 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 19 || 4 || +15
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| align=left | {{fhw|South Africa}}
| '''7''' || 4 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 16 || 5 || +11
|-
| align=left | {{fhw|India}}
| '''7''' || 4 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 12 || 4 || +8
|-
| align=left | {{fhw|Scotland}}
| '''4''' || 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 10 || 9 || +1
|-
| align=left | {{fhw|Trinidad and Tobago}}
| '''0''' || 4 || 0 || 0 || 4 || 1 || 36 || −35
|}

{{fieldhockeybox|date=4 October 2010 |time=18:00 |team1={{fhw-rt|India}} |score=1–1 |team2={{fhw|Scotland}} |goals1=[[Jasjeet Kaur Handa|Handa]] {{fhg|FG|45}} |report=[http://results.cwgdelhi2010.org/en/Comp.mvc/Info/ResultList/HOW400A02 Report]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |goals2=[[Holly Cram|Cram]] {{fhg|FG|3}} |umpires=Michelle Joubert (RSA) Chieko Soma (JPN)}}

----
{{fieldhockeybox|date=6 October 2010 |time=13:30 |team1={{fhw-rt|Australia}} |score=2–1 |team2={{fhw|India}} |goals1=[[Shelly Liddelow|Liddelow]] {{fhg|FG|11}} [[Megan Rivers|Rivers]] {{fhg|FG|59}} |report={{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20101009125052/http://results.cwgdelhi2010.org/en/Comp.mvc/Info/ResultList/HOW400A05 Report]}} |goals2=[[Rani Rampal|Rampal]] {{fhg|FG|69}} |umpires=Kelly Hudson (NZL) Frances Block (ENG)}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox|date=8 October 2010 |time=10:30 |team1={{fhw-rt|India}} |score=7–0 |team2={{fhw|Trinidad and Tobago}} |goals1=[[Surinder Kaur (field hockey)|S. Kaur]] {{fhg|FG|8}} {{fhg|PC|30}} {{fhg|FG|37}} {{fhg|PC|54}} [[Ritu Rani|Rani]] {{fhg|FG|14}} [[Rani Rampal|Rampal]] {{fhg|FG|34}} [[Jasjeet Kaur Handa|Handa]] {{fhg|PC|68}} |report=[http://results.cwgdelhi2010.org/en/Comp.mvc/Info/ResultList/HOW400A08 Report]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |goals2= |umpires=Gillian Batey (CAN) Nor Piza Hassan (MAS)}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox|date=9 October 2010 |time=21:00 |team1={{fhw-rt|South Africa}} |score=1–3 |team2={{fhw|India}} |goals1=[[Pietie Coetzee|Coetzee]] {{fhg|PC|45}} |report=[http://results.cwgdelhi2010.org/en/Comp.mvc/Info/ResultList/HOW400A10 Report]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |goals2=[[Deepika Thakur|Thakur]] {{fhg|PC|11}} {{fhg|PC|21}} [[Surinder Kaur (field hockey)|S. Kaur]] {{fhg|FG|35}} |umpires=Elena Eskina (RUS) Irene Presenqui (ARG)}}

== Lawn Bowls==
{{main|Lawn bowls at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}

;Men
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
! Competitors
! Event
! Rank
|-
| [[Mohammed Raja]]
| Men's Singles
| align=center | 9
|-
| [[Mahip Tirkey]] [[Sunil Bahadur]]
| Men's Pairs
| align=center | 7
|-
| [[Dinesh Kumar (boxer)|Dinesh Kumar]] [[Krishna Xalxo]] [[Prince Kumar Mahato]]
| Men's Triples
| align=center | 9
|}

;Women
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
! Competitors
! Event
! Rank
|-
| [[Farzana Khan]]
| Women's Singles
| align=center | 7
|-
| [[Arzoo Rani]] [[Manu Pal]]
| Women's Pairs
| align=center | 8
|-
| [[Tania Choudhry]] [[Pinki Kaushik]] [[Rupa Rani Tirkey]]
| Women's Triples
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
|}

==Netball==
{{Main|Netball at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}
22 members squad for [[2010 Commonwealth Games]] has been declared.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://netballindia.org/cwg-core.php |title=Netball Federation Of India, Nfi |publisher=Netballindia.org |access-date=5 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727115331/http://netballindia.org/cwg-core.php |archive-date=27 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Megha Chaudhary
* [[Prachi Tehlan]] (captain)
* Ramandeep Kaur
* Neha Bajaj
* Priya Dahiya
* Mainisha Rathore
* Punam Kumari
* Santosh Jakhar
* Shireen Limaye
* Kavitha Kavitha
* Indu Panwar
* Bobby Bobby
* Padma Padma
* Neha Lakhera
* Neha Kansal
* Amanjit Kaur
* Rupinder Kaur
* Deepali Sharma
* Preeti Banchor
* Kiranjit Kaur
* Harminder Kaur
* Leela H.S.
India is drawn in Pool A

===Pool A===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Position" |{{tooltip|Pos|Position}}
! width=175 |Team
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Played" |{{tooltip|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Won" |{{tooltip|W|Won}}
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Drawn" |{{tooltip|D|Drawn}}
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Lost" |{{tooltip|L|Lost}}
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Goals" for|{{tooltip|GF|Goals for}}
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Goals" against|{{tooltip|GA|Goals against}}
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Goal" percentage|{{tooltip|G%|Goal percentage}}
! style="width:30px;" abbr="Points" |{{tooltip|Pts|Points}}
|- style="background:#def;"
| 1 
| align=left | {{nb|Australia}}
| 5 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 385 || 172 || 223.8 || '''10'''
|- style="background:#def;"
| 2 
| align=left | {{nb|Jamaica}}
| 5 || 4 || 0 || 1 || 362 || 217 || 166.8 || '''8'''
|-
| 3 
| align=left | {{nb|Malawi}}
| 5 || 3 || 0 || 2 || 293 || 262 || 111.8 || '''6'''
|-
| 4 
| align=left | {{nb|Trinidad and Tobago}}
| 5 || 2 || 0 || 3 || 249 || 275 || 90.5 || '''4'''
|-
| 5 
| align=left | {{nb|Samoa}}
| 5 || 1 || 0 || 4 || 246 || 291 || 84.5 || '''2'''
|-
| 6 
| align=left | {{nb|India}}
| 5 || 0 || 0 || 5 || 123 || 441 || 27.9 || '''0'''
|}<div style=font-size:90%>
* Goal percentage ('''G%''') = 100 × '''GF'''/'''GA'''. Accurate to one decimal place.
* Teams that are highlighted after the completion of pool matches advance to the medal playoffs.</div>

----
{{netballbox
| date = 5 October
| time = 17:00 ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]])
| team1 = {{nb-rt|Australia}}
| score = 113–18
| team2 = {{nb|India}}
| goals1 = [[Catherine Cox (netball)|Cox]] {{nb-goal|27|28}} [[Sharelle McMahon|McMahon]] {{nb-goal|22|23}} [[Natalie Medhurst|Medhurst]] {{nb-goal|25|26}} [[Susan Pratley|Pratley]] {{nb-goal|39|42}}
| goals2 = [[Harminder Kaur|H. Kaur]] {{nb-goal|6|10}} [[Kiranjeet Kaur|K. Kaur]] {{nb-goal|7|8}} [[Prachi Tehlan|Tehlan]] {{nb-goal|5|5}}
| venue = [[Thyagaraj Sports Complex]]
| attendance =
| umpires = Jonathan Bredin, Dalton Hinds
| res-ump = Judith Groves
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101008061210/http://results.cwgdelhi2010.org/en/Comp.mvc/Info/ResultList/NBW400A04
}}
----
{{netballbox
| date = 6 October
| time = 11:30 ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]])
| team1 = {{nb-rt|Malawi}}
| score = 82–26
| team2 = {{nb|India}}
| goals1 = [[Mwayi Kumwenda|Kumwenda]] {{nb-goal|47|53}} [[Linda Magombo|Magombo]] {{nb-goal|12|15}} [[Sindi Simtowe|Simtowe]] {{nb-goal|6|7}} [[Mary Waya|Waya]] {{nb-goal|17|21}}
| goals2 = [[Neha Bajaj|Bajaj]] {{nb-goal|4|4}} [[Harminder Kaur|H. Kaur]] {{nb-goal|5|9}} [[Kiranjeet Kaur|K. Kaur]] {{nb-goal|17|19}}
| venue = [[Thyagaraj Sports Complex]]
| attendance =
| umpires = Gary Burgess, Bobbi Brown
| res-ump = Dalton Hinds
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101009122006/http://results.cwgdelhi2010.org/en/Comp.mvc/Info/ResultList/NBW400A05
}}
----
{{netballbox
| date = 7 October
| time = 11:30 ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]])
| team1 = {{nb-rt|Trinidad and Tobago}}
| score = 77–26
| team2 = {{nb|India}}
| goals1 = [[Janelle Barker|Barker]] {{nb-goal|46|47}} [[Joelisasasha Cooper|Cooper]] {{nb-goal|16|18}} [[Samantha Wallace (netball)|Wallace]] {{nb-goal|15|18}}
| goals2 = [[Neha Bajaj|Bajaj]] {{nb-goal|10|13}} [[Harminder Kaur|H. Kaur]] {{nb-goal|6|8}} [[Kiranjeet Kaur|K. Kaur]] {{nb-goal|4|8}} [[Prachi Tehlan|Tehlan]] {{nb-goal|6|8}}
| venue = [[Thyagaraj Sports Complex]]
| attendance =
| umpires = Anne Abraitis, Sylvester Campbell
| res-ump = Bobbi Brown
| report =
}}
----
{{netballbox
| date = 9 October
| time = 17:00 ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]])
| team1 = {{nb-rt|India}}
| score = 26–69
| team2 = {{nb|Samoa}}
| goals1 = [[Megha Chaudhary|Chaudhary]] {{nb-goal|3|6}} [[Harminder Kaur|H. Kaur]] {{nb-goal|3|7}} [[Kiranjeet Kaur|K. Kaur]] {{nb-goal|14|19}} [[Prachi Tehlan|Tehlan]] {{nb-goal|6|9}}
| goals2 = [[Shirin Chang|Chang]] {{nb-goal|14|16}} [[Barbara Faasavalu|Faasavalu]] {{nb-goal|9|12}} [[Monica Fuimaono|Fuimaono]] {{nb-goal|25|29}} [[Sepuita Langi|Langi]] {{nb-goal|21|24}}
| venue = [[Thyagaraj Sports Complex]]
| attendance =
| umpires = Sharon Kelly, Rachael Ayre
| res-ump = Judith Groves
| report =
}}
----
{{netballbox
| date = 10 October
| time = 11:00 ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]])
| team1 = {{nb-rt|Jamaica}}
| score = 100–27
| team2 = {{nb|India}}
| goals1 = [[Romelda Aiken|R. Aiken]] {{nb-goal|40|42}} [[Simone Forbes|Forbes]] {{nb-goal|13|14}} [[Jhaniele Fowler|Fowler]] {{nb-goal|38|41}} [[Anna-Kay Griffiths|Griffiths]] {{nb-goal|9|12}}
| goals2 = [[Megha Chaudhary|Chaudhary]] {{nb-goal|0|1}} [[Harminder Kaur|H. Kaur]] {{nb-goal|8|12}} [[Prachi Tehlan|Tehlan]] {{nb-goal|19|23}}
| venue = [[Thyagaraj Sports Complex]]
| attendance =
| umpires = Amanda Nottingham, Paula Ferguson
| res-ump = Rachael Ayre
| report =
}}

== Rugby Sevens==
{{main|Rugby sevens at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}

===Men===
* [[Nasser Hussain (rugby)|Nasser Hussain]]
* [[Hrishikesh Pendse]]
* [[Rohaan Sethna]]
* [[Kayrus Unwala]]
* [[Pritom Roy]]
* [[Gautam Dagar]]
* [[Deepak Dagar]]
* [[Kamaldeep Dagar]]
* [[Amit Lochab]]
* [[Jagga Singh]]
* [[Sailen Tudu]]
* [[Thimmaiah Mandanda]]
* [[Dinesh Kumar Ravi Kumar]]
* [[Bikash Jena]]
* [[Surinder Singh (rugby union)|Surinder Singh]]
* [[Sukhdeep Singh (rugby union)|Sukhdeep Singh]]
* [[Rohit Sivach]]
* [[Dalwinder Singh]]
* [[Sujai Lama]]
* [[Puneet Krishnamoorthy]]
* [[Roshan Lobo]]
India is in Pool B

===Group B===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! width=175 |Team
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Played" |Pld
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Won" |W
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Drawn" |D
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Lost" |L
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Points for" |PF
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Points against" |PA
! style="width:25px;" abbr="Points difference" |PD
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Points" |Pts
|-
| align=left | {{Ru7|RSA}}
| 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 109 || 5 || +104 || '''9'''
|-
| align=left | {{Ru7|WAL}}
| 3 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 99 || 35 || +64 || '''7'''
|-
| align=left | {{Ru7|TON}}
| 3 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 45 || 72 || −27 || '''5'''
|-
| align=left | {{Ru7|IND}}
| 3 || 0 || 0 || 3 || 12 || 153 || −141 || '''3'''
|}

----
{{rugbybox
| date = 11 October 2010 | time = 9:22 <ref name=Rubai1>{{cite web|url=http://www.rubaisport.com/cwg/?competition=477 |title=RubaiSport |publisher=RubaiSport |access-date=5 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715212301/http://www.rubaisport.com/cwg/?competition=477 |archive-date=15 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| home = {{ru7-rt|WAL}}
| score = 56–7
| away = {{ru7|IND}}
| stadium = [[Delhi University]], [[New Delhi]]
}}
----
{{rugbybox
| date = 11 October 2010 | time = 12:06 <ref name=Rubai1 />
| home = {{ru7-rt|RSA}}
| score = 59–0
| away = {{ru7|IND}}
| stadium = [[Delhi University]], [[New Delhi]]
}}
----
{{rugbybox
| date = 11 October 2010 | time = 15:32 <ref name=Rubai1 />
| home = {{ru7-rt|TON}}
| score = 38–5
| away = {{ru7|IND}}
| stadium = [[Delhi University]], [[New Delhi]]
}}

==Shooting==
{{main|Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}

India topped the medal table in shooting {{citation needed|date=June 2012}}

===Men===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan=2|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Total
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Gurpreet Singh (sport shooter)|Gurpreet Singh]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Men's 10m air pistol]]
|671.7
|5
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Omkar Singh]]'''
|681.8 '''=GR'''
|{{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Abhinav Bindra]]'''
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Men's 10m air rifle]]
|698.0
|{{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Gagan Narang]]'''
|703.6 '''=GR'''
|{{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Vijay Kumar (sport shooter)|Vijay Kumar]]'''
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Men's 25m centre fire pistol]]
|574
|{{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Harpreet Singh (sport shooter)|Harpreet Singh]]'''
|580
|{{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Vijay Kumar (sport shooter)|Vijay Kumar]]'''
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Men's 25m rapid fire pistol]]
|787.5 '''=GR'''
|{{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Gurpreet Singh (sport shooter)|Gurpreet Singh]]'''
|758.7
|{{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Samaresh Jung]]'''
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Men's 25m standard pistol]]
|559
|{{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Omkar Singh]]'''
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Men's 50m pistol]]
|653.6
|{{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Imran Hassan Khan|Imran Khan]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Men's rifle 3 positions]]
|1252.4
|4
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Gagan Narang]]'''
|1262.2 '''GR'''
|{{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Hariom Singh]]
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Men's 50m rifle prone]]
|689.6
|8
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Manavjit Singh Sandhu]]'''
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Men's trap]]
|144
|{{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Mansher Singh]]
|137
|5
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Asher Noria]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Men's double trap]]
|186
|4
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Ronjan Sodhi]]'''
|186
|{{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Gurpreet Singh (sport shooter)|Gurpreet Singh]] [[Omkar Singh]]'''
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|10m air pistol pairs]]
|1163 '''GR'''
|{{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Abhinav Bindra]] [[Gagan Narang]]'''
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|10m air rifle pairs]]
|1193 '''GR'''
|{{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Vijay Kumar (sport shooter)|Vijay Kumar]] [[Harpreet Singh (sport shooter)|Harpreet Singh]]'''
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|25m centre fire pistol pairs]]
|1159
|{{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Vijay Kumar (sport shooter)|Vijay Kumar]] [[Gurpreet Singh (sport shooter)|Gurpreet Singh]]'''
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|25m rapid fire pistol pairs]]
|1162 '''GR'''
|{{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Chandrashekar Chaudhary]] [[Samaresh Jung]]'''
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|25m standard pistol pairs]]
|1103
|{{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Deepak Sharma (sport shooter)|Deepak Sharma]] [[Omkar Singh]]'''
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|50m pistol pairs]]
|1087
|{{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Imran Hassan Khan|Imran Khan]] [[Gagan Narang]]'''
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|50m rifle 3 positions pairs]]
|2325 '''GR'''
|{{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Gagan Narang]] [[Hariom Singh]]
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|50m rifle prone pairs]]
|1173
|5
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Manavjit Singh Sandhu]] [[Mansher Singh]]'''
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Trap pairs]]
|197
|{{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Asher Noria]] [[Ronjan Sodhi]]'''
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Double trap pairs]]
|188
|{{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Mairaj Khan]] [[Allan Peoples]]
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Skeet pairs]]
|186
|5
|}

===Women===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan=2|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Total
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Heena Sidhu]]'''
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Women's 10m air pistol]]
|481.6
|{{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Annu Raj Singh]]
|475.7
|4
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Suma Shirur]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Women's 10m air rifle]]
|495.4
|4
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Kavitha Yadav]]
|495.1
|5
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Rahi Sarnobat]]'''
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Women's 25m pistol]]
|781.0
|{{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Anisa Sayyed]]'''
|786.8 '''GR'''
|{{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Lajjakumari Gauswami]]
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Women's 50m rifle 3 positions]]
|666.8
|6
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Meena Kumari (sport shooter)|Meena Kumari]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Women's 50m rifle prone]]
|586
|7
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Tejaswini Sawant]]'''
|594
|{{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Shreyasi Singh]]
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Women's trap]]
|85
|6
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Annu Raj Singh]] [[Heena Sidhu]]'''
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|10m air pistol pairs]]
|759
|{{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Suma Shirur]] [[Kavitha Yadav]]'''
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|10m air rifle pairs]]
|785
|{{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Rahi Sarnobat]] [[Anisa Sayyed]]'''
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|25m pistol pairs]]
|1156
|{{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Lajjakumari Gauswami]] [[Tejaswini Sawant]]'''
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|50m rifle 3 positions pairs]]
|1143
|{{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Meena Kumari (sport shooter)|Meena Kumari]] [[Tejaswini Sawant]]'''
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|50m rifle prone]]
|1168
|{{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Shreyasi Singh]] [[Seema Tomar]]
|align=left|[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Trap pairs]]
|89
|5
|}

==Squash==
{{Main|Squash at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}
India's squash team will consist of 10 athletes (5 men and 5 Women).

===Men===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan=3|Group stage
!Round of 64
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Saurav Ghosal]]
|align=left rowspan=4| [[Squash at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Singles]]
| colspan=3 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Ian Rukunya|Rukunya]] | UGA|2010}} '''W''' 11–1 11–4 11–0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Lyall Paterson|Paterson]] | SCO|2010}} '''W''' 11–6 11–6 11–7
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Peter Barker (squash player)|Barker]] | ENG|2010}} '''L''' 5–11 9–11 13–11 0–11
| colspan=4 | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Sandeep Jangra]]
| colspan=3 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Ryan Cuskelly|Cuskelly]] | AUS|2010}} '''L''' 7–11 9–11 4–11
| colspan=6 | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Harinder Pal Sandhu]]
| colspan=3 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Shopan Pervez|Pervez]] | BAN|2010}} '''W''' 11–3 11–1 11–2
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Stewart Boswell|Boswell]] | AUS|2010}} '''L''' 4–11 7–11 5–11
| colspan=5 | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Siddharth Suchde]]
| colspan=3 {{N/A}}
| |{{flagCGFathlete|[[Michael Hopkins (squash player)|Hopkins]] | JER|2010}} '''W''' 11–6 11–5 11–4
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Cameron Pilley|Pilley]] | AUS|2010}} '''L''' 8–11 11–9 6–11 7–11
| colspan=5 | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sandeep Jangra]] [[Harinder Pal Sandhu]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Squash at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Men's doubles]]
|{{flagCGF|MAS|2010}} '''L''' 1-2
|{{flagCGF|UGA|2010}} '''W''' 2-1
| 2 '''Q'''
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|{{flagCGF|SCO|2010}} '''L''' 0-2
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Gaurav Nandrajog]] [[Siddharth Suchde]]
|{{flagCGF|SCO|2010}} '''L''' 0-2
|{{flagCGF|KEN|2010}} '''W''' 2-0
| 2 '''Q'''
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|{{flagCGF|MAS|2010}} '''L''' 0-2
|colspan=4|did not advance
|}

===Women===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan=3|Group stage
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Anaka Alamkamony]]
|align=left rowspan=4| [[Squash at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Singles]]
| colspan=3 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Sarah Kippax|Kippax]] | CAN|2010}} '''L''' 7–11 4–11 3–11
| colspan=5 | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Joshna Chinappa]]
| colspan=3 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Sharon Wee|Wee]] | MAS|2010}} '''W''' 11–1 11–4 8–11 11–4
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Nicol David|David]] | MAS|2010}} '''L''' 5–11 10–12 7–11
| colspan=4 | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Surbi Mishra]]
| colspan=3 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Stephanie Edmison|Edmison]] | CAN|2010}} '''L''' 2–11 7–11 10–12
| colspan=5 | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Anwesha Reddy]]
| colspan=3 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Alana Miller|Miller]] | CAN|2010}} '''L''' 3–11 6–11 7–11
| colspan=5 | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Anaka Alamkamony]] [[Surbi Mishra]]
|align=left|[[Squash at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Women's doubles]]
|{{flagCGF|MAS|2010}} '''L''' 0-2
|{{flagCGF|ENG|2010}} '''L''' 0-2
| 3
|colspan=6|did not advance
|}

== Swimming==
{{Main|Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}
India's swimming team consisted of 20 swimmers.

===Men===
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Heat
!colspan="2"|Semifinal
!colspan="2"|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Time
!Rank
!Time
!Rank
!Time
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Arjun Jayaprakash]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre freestyle|50m freestyle]]
|24.75
|31
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Anshul Kothari]]
|24.56
|28
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Aaron D'Souza]]
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre freestyle|100m freestyle]]
|52.46
|6
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Virdhawal Khade]]
|50.67
|5 '''Q'''
|50.10
|6
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Anshul Kothari]]
|53.48
|7
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Aaron D'Souza]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre freestyle|200m freestyle]]
|1:54.10
|7
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Rohit Havaldar]]
|1:58.15
|7
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Mandar Divase]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 400 metre freestyle|400m freestyle]]
|4:06.02
|7
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Ullalmath Gagan]]
|4:06.29
|6
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Mandar Divase]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 1500 metre freestyle|1500m freestyle]]
|16:22.49
|6
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Ullalmath Gagan]]
|16:14.12
|5
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Badrinath Melkote]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre backstroke|50m backstroke]]
|27.52
|14 '''Q'''
|27.26
|12
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Praveen Tokas]]
|29.16
|20
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Balakrishnan Melkote]]
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre backstroke|100m backstroke]]
|59.03
|14 '''Q'''
|59.25
|7
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Rohit Havaldar]]
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre backstroke|200m backstroke]]
|2:09.45
|6
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Rehan Poncha]]
|2:09.71
|5
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Praveen Tokas]]
|2:12.67
|6
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Agnishwar Jayaprakash]]
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre breaststroke|50m breaststroke]]
|29.66
|11 '''Q'''
|28.74
|6
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Puneet Rana]]
|30.45
|13 '''Q'''
|30.12
|7
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sandeep Sejwal]]
|28.58
|4 '''Q'''
|28.82
|8 '''Q'''
|28.85
|8
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Agnishwar Jayaprakash]]
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre breaststroke|100m breaststroke]]
|1:06.28
|7
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Puneet Rana]]
|1:05.97
|1
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sandeep Sejwal]]
|1:02.72
|4 '''Q'''
|1:03.13
|7
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Puneet Rana]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre breaststroke|200m breaststroke]]
|2:25.58
|6
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sandeep Sejwal]]
|2:17.13
|4
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Virdhawal Khade]]
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre butterfly|50m butterfly]]
|24.72
|8 '''Q'''
|24.38
|7 '''Q'''
|24.29
|6
|- align=center
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre butterfly|100m butterfly]]
|55.17
|13 '''Q'''
|54.34
|9
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Arjun Muralidharan]]
|57.24
|20
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Rehan Poncha]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre butterfly|200m butterfly]]
|2:04.20
|6
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Tarun Tokas]]
|2:14.09
|7
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Agnishwar Jayaprakash]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre individual medley|200m individual medley]]
|2:10.51
|7
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Rehan Poncha]]
|2:09.64
|6
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Merwyn Chen]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 400 metre individual medley|400m individual medley]]
|4:51.33
|8
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Rehan Poncha]]
|4:44.95
|7
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Aaron D'Souza]] [[Arjun Jayaprakash]] [[Anshul Kothari]] [[Virdhawal Khade]]
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 x 100 metre freestyle relay|4 x 100m freestyle relay]]
|3:28.06
|6 '''Q'''
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|3:27.14
|6
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Mandar Divase]] [[Aaron D'Souza]] [[Rohit Havaldar]] [[Rehan Poncha]]
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 x 200 metre freestyle relay|4 x 200m freestyle relay]]
|7:49.20
|5 '''Q'''
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|7:46.18
|7
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Aaron D'Souza]] [[Virdhawal Khade]] [[Balakrishnan Melkote]] [[Sandeep Sejwal]]
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 x 100 metre medley relay|4 x 100m medley relay]]
|3:54.78
|4 '''Q'''
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|3:47.23
|6
|}

===Women===
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Heat
!colspan="2"|Semifinal
!colspan="2"|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Time
!Rank
!Time
!Rank
!Time
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Jyotsna Pansare]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre freestyle|100m freestyle]]
|1:01.42
|5
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Talasha Prabhu]]
|1:00.41
|2
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Arti Ghorpade]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre freestyle|200m freestyle]]
|2:12.20
|1
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Surabhi Tipre]]
|2:09.82
|7
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Richa Mishra]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 400 metre freestyle|400m freestyle]]
|4:30.70
|7
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Surabhi Tipre]]
|4:31.67
|5
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Richa Mishra]]
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 800 metre freestyle|800m freestyle]]
|9:11.09
|5
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Fariha Zaman]]
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 50 metre backstroke|50m backstroke]]
|31.34
|15 '''Q'''
|31.35
|7
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Jyotsna Pansare]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre backstroke|100m backstroke]]
|1:10.07
|7
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Fariha Zaman]]
|1:10.38
|1
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Arti Ghorpade]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre backstroke|200m backstroke]]
|2:33.95
|6
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Ananya Panigrahi]]
|2:34.27
|5
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Pooja Alva]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 50 metre butterfly|50m butterfly]]
|30.30
|6
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Shubha Chittaranjan]]
|29.96
|2 '''Q'''
|30.00
|8
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Pooja Alva]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre butterfly|100m butterfly]]
|1:04.53
|5 '''Q'''
|1:04.93
|8
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Shubha Chittaranjan]]
|1:06.84
|1
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Pooja Alva]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre butterfly|200m butterfly]]
|2:24.74
|6
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Aditi Dhumatkar]]
|2:29.86
|7
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Pooja Alva]]
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre individual medley|200m individual medley]]
|2:32.11
|7
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Kanch Desai]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 400 metre individual medley|400m individual medley]]
|5:28.41
|7
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Richa Mishra]]
|5:03.72
|7
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Jyotsna Pansare]] [[Talasha Prabhu]] [[Sneha Thirugnanasambandam]] [[Surabhi Tipre]]
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 4 x 100 metre freestyle relay|4 x 100m freestyle relay]]
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|4:02.55
|7
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Arti Ghorpade]] [[Talasha Prabhu]] [[Sneha Thirugnanasambandam]] [[Surabhi Tipre]]
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 4 x 200 metre freestyle relay|4 x 200m freestyle relay]]
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|8:56.59
|8
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Pooja Alva]] [[Jyotsna Pansare]] [[Talasha Prabhu]] [[Poorva Shetye]]
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 4 x 100 metre medley relay|4 x 100m medley relay]]
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|4:37.97
|8
|}

===Paralympic swimming===
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Heat
!colspan="2"|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Time
!Rank
!Time
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Prasanta Karmakar]]'''
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre freestyle S9|Men's 50m freestyle S9]]
|27.69
|3 '''Q'''
|27.48
|{{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Rajesh Shinde]]
|32.96
|10
|colspan=4|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sachin Verma]]
|29.05
|8 '''Q'''
|29.37
|8
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sharath Gayakwad]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre freestyle S8|Men's 100m freestyle S8]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|1:04.18
|5
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Naveen Kumar (swimmer)|Naveen Kumar]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|1:25.24
|7
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Chetan Raut]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre freestyle S10|Men's 100m freestyle S10]]
|1:05.59
|7 '''q'''
|1:05.27
|7
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Rimo Saha]]
|1:07.62
|8 '''q'''
|1:07.80
|8
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Anjali Patel]]
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 50 metre freestyle S9|Women's 50m freestyle S9]]
|47.64
|8 '''Q'''
|46.25
|8
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Vineeta Pathak]]
|52.58
|9
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Kiran Tak]]
|38.79
|7 '''Q'''
|38.74
|7
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Anjani Patel]]
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre freestyle S9|Women's 100m freestyle S9]]
|1:46.68
|8 '''q'''
|1:48.11
|8
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Vineeta Pathak]]
|1:58.29
|10
|colspan=2|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Kiran Tak]]
|1:27.02
|7 '''q'''
|1:28.34
|7
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Kiran Tak]]
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre butterfly S9|Women's 100m butterfly S9]]
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
|1:53.00
|7
|}

==Synchronized swimming==
{{Main|Synchronized swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}
India competed in synchronized swimming at the 2010 Games.

{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Athlete
! rowspan="2" | Event
! Technical Routine
! Free Routine
! colspan="2" | Total
|-
! Points
! Points
! Total Points
! Rank
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Avani Dave]]
|align=left| [[Synchronized swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's solo|Solo]]
| 26.000
| 26.417
| 52.417
| 8
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Kavita Kolapkar]] [[Bijal Vasant]]
|align=left| [[Synchronized swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's duet|Duet]]
| 25.000
| 25.917
| 50.917
| 7
|}

==Table tennis==
{{Main|Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}
India's table tennis team consisted of 10 athletes and 4 reserves <ref>[http://www.commonwealthgames.ca/Corporate/index_e.aspx?articleId=2059]{{dead link|date=June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/commonwealth-table-tennis-team-named-1.870189 | publisher=CBC News | title=Commonwealth table tennis team named | date=16 September 2010}}</ref>

===Men===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Sharath Kamal]]'''
|align=left rowspan=5|[[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Men's singles]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Shane Overmeyer|Overmeyer]]|RSA|2010}} '''W''' 4–0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Rumgay Gavin|Gavin]]|SCO|2010}} '''W''' 4–1
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Ma Liang (table tennis)|Ma]]|SIN|2010}} '''W''' 4–1
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Yang Zi (table tennis)|Yang]]|SIN|2010}} '''L''' 2–3
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Soumyadeep Roy|Roy]]|IND|2010}} '''W''' 4–0
| {{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Soumyadeep Roy]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Craig Howieson|Howieson]]|SCO|2010}} '''W''' 4–3
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[William Henzell|Henzell]]|AUS|2010}} '''W''' 4–3
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Cai Xiaoli|Cai]]|SIN|2010}} '''W''' 4–1
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Gao Ning|Gao]]|SIN|2010}} '''L''' 0–4
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Sharath Kamal|Kamal]]|IND|2010}} '''L''' 0–4
| 4
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Amalraj Anthony Arputharaj]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Justin Han|Han]]|AUS|2010}} '''W''' 4–1
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Marios Yiangou|Yiangou]]|CYP|2010}} '''W''' 4–3
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Gao Ning|Gao]]|SIN|2010}} '''L''' 1–4
| colspan="3" | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Subhajit Saha]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Oh Nam Ho|Ho]]|AUS|2010}} '''W''' 4–0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Yang Zi (table tennis)|Yang]]|SIN|2010}} '''L''' 0–4
| colspan="4" | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Abishek Ravichandran]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Pang Xue Jie|Pang]]|SIN|2010}} '''W''' 4–3
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Paul Drinkhall|Drinkhall]]|ENG|2010}} '''L''' 4–3
| colspan="4" | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Sharath Kamal]] [[Subhajit Saha]]'''
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's doubles|Men's doubles]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Li Kam Wa|Li]] / Arnachellum|MRI|2010}} '''W''' 3–0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Justin Han|Han]] / [[Simon Gerada|Gerada]]|AUS|2010}} '''W''' 3–2
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Seun Ajetunmobi|Ajetunmobi]] / [[Aruna Akinade Quadri|Quadri]]|NGR|2010}} '''W''' 3–1
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Andrew Baggaley|Baggaley]] / [[Liam Pitchford|Pitchford]]|ENG|2010}} '''W''' 3–2
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Gao Ning|Gao]] / [[Yang Zi (table tennis)|Yang]]|SIN|2010}} '''W''' 3–2
| {{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Amalraj Anthony Arputharaj]] [[Soumyadeep Roy]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Mao Sheng Kao|Kao]] / Tan|MAS|2010}} '''W''' 3–0
| {{flagCGFathlete|Lewis / David|GUY|2010}} '''W''' 3–0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Gao Ning|Gao]] / [[Yang Zi (table tennis)|Yang]]|SIN|2010}} '''L''' 0–3
| colspan="3" | did not advance
|}

===Women===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Mouma Das]]
|align=left rowspan=5|[[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Women's singles]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Sara Yuen|Yuen]]|CAN|2010}} '''W''' 4–1
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Yu Mengyu|Yu]]|SIN|2010}} '''L''' 0–4
| colspan="4" | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Poulomi Ghatak]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Na Liu|Na]]|NIR|2010}} '''L''' 3–4
| colspan="5" | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Shamini Kumaresan]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Zhang Mo (table tennis)|Zhang]]|CAN|2010}} '''L''' 2–4
| colspan="5" | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Patkar Madhurika Suhas]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Hannah Hicks|Hicks]]|ENG|2010}} '''W''' 4–0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Feng Tianwei|Feng]]|SIN|2010}} '''L''' 2–4
| colspan="4" | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Prabhu Mamta]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Li Jiawei|Li]]|SIN|2010}} '''L''' 0–4
| colspan="5" | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Madhurika Suhas Patkar]] [[Shamini Kumaresan]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|Women's doubles]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Claire Nelson|Nelson]] / [[Ashley Givan|Givan]]|NIR|2010}} '''W''' 3–0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Efua Oforiwah Owusu-Agyei|Owusu-Agyei]] / [[Akosua Ketu|Ketu]]|GHA|2010}} '''W''' 3–0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Feng Tianwei|Feng]] / [[Wang Yuegu|Wang]]|SIN|2010}} '''L''' 1–3
| colspan="3" | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Mouma Das]] [[Poulomi Ghatak]]'''
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Naomi Owen|Owen]] / [[Megan Phillips (table tennis)|Phillips]]|WAL|2010}} '''W''' 3–0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Na Liu|Na]] / [[Amanda Mogey|Mogey]]|NIR|2010}} '''W''' 3–0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Lay Jian Fang|Fang]] / [[Miao Miao|Miao]]|AUS|2010}} '''W''' 3–2
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Li Jiawei|Li]] / [[Sun Beibei|Sun]]|SIN|2010}} '''L''' 0–3
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Vivian Tan|Tan]] / [[Peri Campbell-Innes|Campbell-Innes]]|AUS|2010}} '''W''' 3–0
| {{bronze3}}
|}

===Teams===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan=4|Group stage
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|'''[[Sharath Kamal]] [[Subhajit Saha]] [[Soumyadeep Roy]] [[Anthony Arputhraj Amalraj]] [[Ravichandran Abishek]]'''
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's team|Men's team]]
|{{flagCGF|VAN|2010}} '''W''' 3-0
|{{flagCGF|GUY|2010}} '''W''' 3-0
|{{N/A}}
|1 '''Q'''
|{{n/a|Bye}}
|{{flagCGF|RSA|2010}} '''W''' 3-1
|{{flagCGF|ENG|2010}} '''L''' 1-3
|{{flagCGF|NGR|2010}} '''W''' 3-0
|{{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Madhurika Suhas Patkar]] [[Mouma Das]] [[Poulomi Ghatak]] [[Shamini Kumaresan]]'''
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's team|Women's team]]
|{{flagCGF|SRI|2010}} '''W''' 3-0
|{{flagCGF|NZL|2010}} '''L''' 2-3
|{{flagCGF|GHA|2010}} '''W''' 3-0
|2 '''Q'''
|{{N/A}}
|{{flagCGF|AUS|2010}} '''W''' 3–1
|{{flagCGF|ENG|2010}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGF|SIN|2010}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{silver2}}
|}

==Tennis==
{{Main|Tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}
India selected top stars such as [[Leander Paes]] and [[Mahesh Bhupathi]].

===Men===
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Rohan Bopanna]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Men's singles]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Robert Buyinza|Buyinza]]|UGA|2010}} '''W''' 6–1 6–4
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Peter Luczak|Luczak]]|AUS|2010}} '''L''' 2–6 6–7
| colspan=4 | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Somdev Devvarman]]'''
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Mullings Devin|Devin]]|BAH|2010}} '''W''' 6–4 6–2
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Jayawickreme Amresh|Amresh]]|SRI|2010}} '''W''' 6–0 6–1
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Jose Statham|Statham]]|NZL|2010}} '''W''' 6–3 6–4
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Matthew Ebden|Ebden]]|AUS|2010}} '''W''' 6–3 6–1
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Greg Jones (tennis)|Jones]]|AUS|2010}} '''W''' 6–4 6–2
| {{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Mahesh Bhupathi]] [[Leander Paes]]'''
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's doubles|Men's doubles]]
| {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Thangarajah Dineshkanthan|Dineshkanthan]] / [[Ruchika Jayawickreme|Jayawickreme]]|SRI|2010}} '''W''' 6–3 6–3
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[James Ward (tennis)|Ward]] / [[Joshua Goodall|Goodall]]|ENG|2010}} ''W'' 6–2 6–7 (4) 7–6 (4)
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Peter Luczak|Luczak]] / [[Pete Hanley|Hanley]]|AUS|2010}} '''L''' 2–6 2–6
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Rohan Bopanna|Bopanna]] / [[Somdev Devvarman|Devvarman]]|IND|2010}} ''W'' 6–3 7–6 (4)
| {{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Rohan Bopanna]] & [[Somdev Devvarman]]
| {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Colin Fleming|Fleming]] / [[Jamie Murray|Murray]]|SCO|2010}} '''W''' 6–3 6–1
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Matthew Ebden|Ebden]] / [[Greg Jones (tennis)|Jones]]|AUS|2010}} '''W''' 7–6 (5) 6–4
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Ross Hutchins|Hutchins]] / [[Ken Skupski|Skupski]]|ENG|2010}} '''L''' 6–3 3–6 4–6
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Mahesh Bhupathi|Bhupathi]] / [[Leander Paes|Paes]]|IND|2010}} '''L''' 3–6, 6–7 (4)
| 4
|}

===Women===
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Rushmi Chakravarthi]]
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Women's singles]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Pinki Montlha|Montlha]]|LES|2010}} '''W''' 6–0 6–1
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Katie O'Brien|O'Brien]]|ENG|2010}} '''W''' 1–6 7–6 7–5
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Olivia Rogowska|Rogowska]]|AUS|2010}} '''L''' 5–7 4–6
| colspan=3 | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Sania Mirza]]'''
| {{n/a|Bye}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Brittany Teei|Teei]]|COK|2010}} '''W''' 6–0 6–2
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Marina Erakovic|Erakovic]]|NZL|2010}} '''W''' 6–2 6–3
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Olivia Rogowska|Rogowska]]|AUS|2010}} '''W''' 1–6 6–4 6–4
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Anastasia Rodionova|Rodionova]]|AUS|2010}} '''L''' 3–6 6–2 6–7
| {{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Poojashree Venkatesha]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Nthabiseng Nqosa|Nqosa]]|LES|2010}} '''W''' 6–0 6–0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Heather Watson|Watson]]|GGY|2010}} '''L''' 6–7 3–6
| colspan=4 | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Sania Mirza]] [[Rushmi Chakravarthi]]'''
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|Women's doubles]]
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Mhairi Brown|Brown]] / [[Jocelyn Rae|Rae]]|SCO|2010}} '''W''' 6–1 7–6 (2)
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Sally Peers|Peers]] / [[Anastasia Rodionova|Rodionova]]|AUS|2010}} '''L''' 4–6 4–6
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Nirupama Sanjeev|Sanjeev]] / [[Poojashree Venkatesha|Venkatesha]]|IND|2010}} '''W''' 6–4 6–2
| {{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Nirupama Sanjeev]] [[Poojashree Venkatesha]]
| {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Aminath Solih|Solih]] / [[Amintah Mahir|Mahir]]|MDV|2010}} '''W''' 6–0 6–1
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Sarah Borwell|Borwell]] / [[Anna Smith (tennis)|Smith]]|ENG|2010}} '''W''' 7–5 6–4
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Jessica Moore (tennis)|Moore]] / [[Olivia Rogowska|Rogowska]]|AUS|2010}} '''L''' 7–5 3–6 5–7
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Sania Mirza|Mirza]] / [[Rushmi Chakravathi|Chakravathi]]|IND|2010}} '''L''' 4–6 2–6
| 4
|}

===Mixed===
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Sania Mirza]] [[Leander Paes]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Mixed doubles|Mixed doubles]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Stacey Roheman|Roheman]] / [[Alberton Richelieu|Richelieu]]|LCA|2010}} '''W''' 6–1 6–0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Jocelyn Rae|Rae]] / [[Colin Fleming|Fleming]]|SCO|2010}} '''L''' 5–7 4–6
| colspan=3 | did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Nirupama Sanjeev]] [[Rohan Bopanna]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Anastasia Rodionova|Rodionova]] / [[Paul Hanley (tennis)|Hanley]]|AUS|2010}} L 3–6 6–3 3–6
| colspan=4 | did not advance
|}

== Weightlifting==
{{main|Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}
<ref>[http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/?q=node/1526]{{dead link|date=June 2011}}</ref>

===Men===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!Athlete
!Event
!Snatch
!Clean & Jerk
!Total
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Sukhen Dey (weightlifter)|Sukhen Dey]]'''
|align=left rowspan=2| 56 kg
| 112.0 kg
| 140.0 kg
| 252.0 kg
| {{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Valluri Srinivasa Rao]]'''
| 107.0 kg
| 141.0 kg
| 248.0 kg
| {{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Rustam Sarang]]
|align=left rowspan=2| 62 kg
| 121.0 kg
| 150.0 kg
| 271.0 kg
| 4
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Omkar Otari]]
| 125.0 kg
| 140.0 kg
| 265.0 kg
| 5
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Ravi Kumar Katulu]]'''
|align=left| 69 kg
| 146.0 kg '''GR'''
| 175.0 kg '''GR'''
| 321.0 kg '''GR'''
| {{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Sudhir Kumar Chitradurga]]'''
|align=left| 77 kg
| 131.0 kg
| 166.0 kg
| 297.0 kg
| {{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Chandrakant Mali]]
|align=left| 85 kg
| 140.0 kg
| 185.0 kg
| 325.0 kg
| 4
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Sarabjit Singh (weightlifter)|Sarabjit Singh]]
|align=left| +105 kg
| 169.0 kg
|colspan=3|DNF
|}

===Women===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!Athlete
!Event
!Snatch
!Clean & Jerk
!Total
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Ngangbam Soniya Chanu]]'''
|align=left rowspan=2| 48 kg
| 73.0 kg
| 94.0 kg
| 167.0 kg
| {{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Atom Sandhya Rani Devi]]'''
| 70.0 kg
| 95.0 kg
| 165.0 kg
| {{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Swati Singh (weightlifter)|Swati Singh]]
|align=left| 53 kg
| 74.0
| 92.0
| 166.0
| 4
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Yumnam Renubala Chanu]]'''
|align=left| 58 kg
| 90.0
| 107.0
| 197.0
| {{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Monika Devi]]'''
|align=left rowspan=2| 75 kg
| 105 kg
| 121 kg
| 216 kg
| {{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Srishti Singh]]
| 90 kg
| 116 kg
| 206 kg
| 7
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Geeta Rani]]
|align=left| +75 kg
| 100 kg
| 135 kg
| 235 kg
| 4
|}

===Powerlifting===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!Athlete
!Event
!Total
!Rank
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Farman Basha]]
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Powerlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Open bench press|Men's open]]
|colspan=2|DNS
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Sachin Chaudhary]]
|174.8
|8
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Rajinder Singh Rahelu]]
|190.2
|4
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Rajdeep Kaur]]
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Powerlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's Open bench press|Women's open]]
|61.2
|11
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Roshani Rinke]]
|68.4
|10
|- align=center
|align=left|[[Bharti Somkuwar]]
|79.5
|9
|}

== Wrestling==
{{main|Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}

Indian wrestling team consists of 21 wrestlers.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/indian-wrestling-team-for-cwg-games-announced/128554-5.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107213447/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/indian-wrestling-team-for-cwg-games-announced/128554-5.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 January 2012|title=Indian wrestling team for CWG games announced|date=10 August 2010|publisher=IBN Live|access-date=3 October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/4-indian-wrestlers-and-shotputter-test-positive-out-of-cwg/676566/|title=4 Indian wrestlers and shot-putter test positive, out of CWG|date=3 September 2010|work=[[The Indian Express]] | access-date=3 October 2010}}</ref>

===Men's freestyle===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wrestler
! rowspan="2" | Event
! Preliminary
! Quarterfinals
! Semifinals
! Repechage Round 1
! Repechage Round 2
! Final
! rowspan="2" | Rank
|-
! Opposition Result
! Opposition Result
! Opposition Result
! Opposition Result
! Opposition Result
! Opposition Result
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Anil Kumar (wrestler, born 1985)|Anil Kumar]]'''
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 55 kg|55 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Carlo Van Wyk|Van Wyk]] | AUS|2010}} '''W''' 7:0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Azhar Hussain|Hussain]] | PAK|2010}} '''L''' 3:5
| {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Promise Mwenga|Mwenga]] | CAN|2010}} '''W''' 4:0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Yaparathna Kumara|Kumara]] | SRI|2010}} '''W''' 4:0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Craig Pilling|Pilling]] | WAL|2010}} '''W''' 3:0
| {{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Yogeshwar Dutt]]'''
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 60 kg|60 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Farzad Tarash|Tarash]] | AUS|2010}} '''W''' 13:0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Marius Zachari Loots|Loots]] | RSA|2010}} '''W''' 7:1
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Sasha Madyarchyk|Madyarchyk]] | ENG|2010}} '''W''' 12:4
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[James Mancini|Mancini]] | CAN|2010}} '''W''' 9:2
| {{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Sushil Kumar (wrestler)|Sushil Kumar]]'''
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 66 kg|66 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Mehrdad Tarash|Tarash]] | AUS|2010}} '''W''' 6:0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Muhammad Salmen|Salmen]] | PAK|2010}} '''W''' 10:0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Farmara Jarjou|Jarjou]] | GAM|2010}} '''W''' 3:0
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Barnes Heinrich|Heinrich]] | RSA|2010}} '''W''' 7:0
| {{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Narsingh Pancham Yadav]]'''
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 74 kg|74 kg]]
| {{n/a|Bye}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Mike Grundy|Grundy]] | ENG|2010}} '''W''' 7:1
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Evan MacDonald|MacDonald]] | CAN|2010}} '''W''' 3:1
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Richard Addinall|Addinall]] | RSA|2010}} '''W''' 4:0
| {{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Anuj Kumar]]'''
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 84 kg|84 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Abdul Kalokoh|Kalokoh]] | SLE|2010}} '''W''' 12:0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Sean Keogh|Keogh]] | SCO|2010}} '''W''' 3:0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Andrew Dick (wrestler)|Dick]] | NGR|2010}} '''W''' 2:1
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Inam Muhammad|Muhammad]] | PAK|2010}} '''L''' 3:3
| {{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Anil Mann]]
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 96 kg|96 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Leon Rattigan|Rattigan]] | ENG|2010}} '''L''' 2:3
| colspan=5|did not advance
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Joginder Kumar]]'''
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 120 kg|120 kg]]
| {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Mark Cocker (wrestler)|Cocker]] | ENG|2010}} '''W''' 9:0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Denis Roberts|Roberts]] | AUS|2010}} '''W''' 3:0
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Arjan Bhullar|Bhullar]] | CAN|2010}} '''L''' 0:4
| {{silver2}}
|}

===Women's freestyle===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wrestler
! rowspan="2" | Event
! Quarterfinals
! Semifinals
! Repechage Round 1
! Repechage Round 2
! Final
! rowspan="2" | Rank
|-
! Opposition Result
! Opposition Result
! Opposition Result
! Opposition Result
! Opposition Result
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Nirmala Devi''' (wrestler)|Nirmala Devi]]'''
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 48 kg|48 kg]]
| {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Brumilda Leeuw|Leeuw]] | RSA|2010}} '''W''' 14:0
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Carol Huynh|Huynh]] | CAN|2010}} '''L''' 3:7
| {{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Babita Kumari]]'''
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 51 kg|51 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Jessica MacDonald|MacDonald]] | CAN|2010}} '''W''' 8:6
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Jo Madyarchyk|Madyarchyk]] | ENG|2010}} '''W''' 11:0
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Ifeoma Christiana Nwoye|Nwoye]] | NGR|2010}} '''L''' 4:7
| {{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Geeta Phogat]]'''
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 55 kg|55 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Non Evans|Evans]] | WAL|2010}} '''W''' 9:0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Lovina Edward|Edward]] | NGR|2010}} '''W''' 5:1
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Emily Bensted|Bensted]] | AUS|2010}} '''W''' 11:0
| {{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Alka Tomar]]'''
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 59 kg|59 kg]]
| {{n/a|Bye}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Louisa Salmon|Salmon]] | ENG|2010}} '''W''' 4:0
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Tonya Verbeek|Verbeek]] | CAN|2010}} '''W''' 3:2
| {{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Suman Kundu]]'''
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 63 kg|63 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Tracy Connell|Connell]] | SCO|2010}} '''W''' 5:0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Blessing Oborududu|Oborududu]] | NGR|2010}} '''L''' 0:4
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Louise Randle|Randle]] | SCO|2010}} '''W''' 6:0
| {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Zumicke Geringer|Geringer]] | RSA|2010}} '''W''' 9:2
| {{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Anita Sheoran]]'''
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 67 kg|67 kg]]
| {{n/a|Bye}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Ashlea McManus|McManus]] | SCO|2010}} '''W''' 3:0
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Megan Buydens|Buydens]] | CAN|2010}} '''W''' 4:1
| {{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left| [[Anshu Tomar]]
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 72 kg|72 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Hellen Okus|Okus]] | NGR|2010}} '''L''' 3:7
| colspan=4|did not advance
|}

===Greco-Roman===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Athlete
! rowspan="2" | Event
! Quarterfinals
! Semifinals
! Repechage Round 1
! Repechage Round 2
! Final
! rowspan="2" | Rank
|-
! Opposition Result
! Opposition Result
! Opposition Result
! Opposition Result
! Opposition Result
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Rajender Kumar]]'''
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 55 kg|55 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Kumara Yaparathna|Yaparthna]] | SRI|2010}} '''W''' 14:0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Promise Mwenga|Mwenga]] | CAN|2010}} '''W''' 11:0
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Azhar Hussain|Hussain]] | PAK|2010}} '''W''' 11:0
| {{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Ravinder Singh (wrestler)|Ravinder Singh]]'''
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 60 kg|60 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[A.S.S.D. Kumara|Kumara]] | SRI|2010}} '''W''' 13:0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Romeo Joseph|Joseph]] | NGR|2010}} '''W''' 8:0
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Terence Bosson|Bosson]] | ENG|2010}} '''W''' 9:0
| {{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''Sunil Kumar'''
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 66 kg|66 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Myroslav Dykun|Dykun]] | ENG|2010}} '''L''' 0:5
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Cory O'Brien|O'Brien]]|AUS|2010}} '''W''' 8:3
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Brett Hawthorn|Hawthorn]] | WAL|2010}} '''W''' 11:0
| {{bronze3}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Sanjay Kumar (IInd)|Sanjay Kumar]]'''
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 74 kg|74 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Laupule Ekeroma|Ekeroma]] | SAM|2010}} '''W''' 3:0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Perefegha Kiriben|Kiriben]] | NGR|2010}} '''W''' 2:0
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Richard Addinall|Addinall]] | RSA|2010}} '''W''' 2:0
| {{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Manoj Kumar (wrestler)|Manoj Kumar]]'''
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 84 kg|84 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Muhammad Inam|Inam]] | PAK|2010}} '''W''' W/O
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Dean van Zyl|van Zyl]] | RSA|2010}} '''W'''4:0
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Efionayi Agbonavbare|Agbonavbare]] | NGR|2010}} '''L''' 2:7
| {{silver2}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Anil Kumar (wrestler, born 1979)|Anil Kumar]]'''
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 96 kg|96 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Mark Montgomery (wrestler)|Montgomery]] | NIR|2010}} '''W''' 13:0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Kakoma Bella-Lufu|Bella-Lufu]] | RSA|2010}} '''W''' 3:1
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Hassene Fkiri|Fkiri]] | AUS|2010}} '''W''' 6:0
| {{gold1}}
|- align=center
|align=left| '''[[Dharmender Dalal]]'''
|align=left| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 120 kg|120 kg]]
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Andries Schutte (wrestler)|Schutte]] | RSA|2010}} '''W''' 2:0
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Ivan Popov (wrestler)|Popov]] | AUS|2010}} '''L''' 1:6
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Mark Cocker (wrestler)|Cocker]] | ENG|2010}} '''W''' 2:0
| {{N/A}}
| {{flagCGFathlete|[[Varntan Aparian|Aparian]] | CYP|2010}} '''W''' 12:0
| {{bronze3}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonwealth Games Associations at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}
{{country at games navbox|India|Commonwealth Games|1934}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:India At The 2010 Commonwealth Games}}
[[Category:India at the Commonwealth Games|2010]]
[[Category:Nations at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:2010 in Indian sport|Commonwealth Games]]

V. Venu

2026-04-13T00:33:38Z

Jina m. butchart: Adding A Article With Sources!

{{Short description|Indian civil servant}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = V. Venu
| office = Chief Secretary of Kerala
| term_start = 1 July 2023
| term_end = 31 August 2024
| predecessor = V. P. Joy
| successor = Sarada Muraleedharan
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|8|20}}<ref name="IASCivilList">{{cite report |title=IAS Civil List (online) |url=https://gad.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/All_india_services/IAS_CIVIL%20LIST-09012024_ONLINE.pdf |publisher=General Administration Department, Government of Kerala |date=9 January 2024 |access-date=25 January 2026 |format=PDF}}</ref>
| spouse = Sarada Muraleedharan<ref name="TNIE2023">{{cite news |title=V Venu to be chief secretary, Shaik Darvesh police chief |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2023/Jun/28/v-venu-to-be-chief-secretary-shaik-darvesh-police-chief-2589163.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=28 June 2023 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>
| children = 2<ref name="OnmanoramaProfile">{{cite news |title=From Thrissur sub-collector to Kerala's Chief Secretary: All about Dr V Venu's journey so far |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2023/06/27/dr-v-venu-thrissur-sub-collector-kerala-chief-secretary-journey-life-civil-services.html |work=From Thrissur sub-collector to Kerala's Chief Secretary: All about Dr V Venu's journey so far |language=en}}</ref>
| alma_mater = Government Medical College, Kozhikode<ref name="OnmanoramaProfile" />
| profession = Civil servant
}}

'''V. Venu''' (also known as '''Venu Vasudevan'''; born 20 August 1964) is an Indian retired civil servant and former chief secretary of Kerala. He served as the 48th chief secretary of the Government of Kerala from 1 July 2023 to 31 August 2024.<ref name="GADCS">{{cite web |title=Chief Secretaries of Kerala |url=https://gad.kerala.gov.in/index.php/en/chief-secretaries |website=General Administration Department, Government of Kerala |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref><ref name="Cabinet2023">{{cite web |title=Cabinet Decisions 27-06-2023 |url=https://keralacm.gov.in/?p=2680 |website=Official website of Kerala Chief Minister |date=27 June 2023 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref> He is a 1990-batch officer of the [[Indian Administrative Service]] from the Kerala cadre.<ref name="OnmanoramaProfile" /><ref name="IASCivilList" />

During his career, Venu held senior roles in the Government of Kerala, including additional chief secretary (home and vigilance) and assignments in tourism, culture and disaster recovery, including work associated with the state's ''Rebuild Kerala Initiative'' (RKI).<ref name="TNIE2023" /><ref name="WorldBankRKI">{{cite report |title=The Second Resilient Kerala Development Policy Operation (P170521): Program Information Document (Concept Stage) |url=https://ewsdata.rightsindevelopment.org/files/documents/21/WB-P170521.pdf |publisher=World Bank |date=25 March 2020 |access-date=25 January 2026 |format=PDF}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Venu grew up in Kozhikode, Kerala, and studied there before completing an MBBS from [[Government Medical College, Kozhikode]].<ref name="OnmanoramaProfile" /> He participated in theatre activities during his student years.<ref name="OnmanoramaProfile" />

== Career ==
Venu entered the Indian Administrative Service in 1990 and was allotted the Kerala cadre.<ref name="OnmanoramaProfile" /><ref name="IASCivilList" /> Early in his career, he served as Assistant Collector in Thrissur.<ref name="OnmanoramaProfile" />

=== Tourism and culture ===
Venu later served in senior roles related to Kerala's tourism and cultural administration. He also worked as the director and secretary in the tourism department and as secretary of the culture department, during which the International Theatre Festival of Kerala was launched.<ref name="TNIE2023" /><ref name="IEKBF2024">{{cite news |title=Venu Vasudevan appointed chairperson of Kochi Biennale Foundation |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/venu-vasudevan-appointed-chairperson-of-kochi-biennale-foundation-9584470/ |work=The Indian Express |date=24 September 2024 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref><ref name="MBIFL2025">{{cite news |title=Dr V Venu appointed Director and Curator of MBIFL 2026 |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/dr-v-venu-appointed-director-and-curator-of-mbifl-2026-wxicwauw |work=Mathrubhumi English |date=31 May 2025 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>

=== Home and vigilance ===
In 2022, Venu was appointed Home Secretary (Home and Vigilance), with additional charge of the Environment Department.<ref name="TOIHome2022">{{cite news |title=Kerala: V Venu appointed as new home secretary |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/kerala-v-venu-appointed-as-new-home-secretary/articleshow/92449184.cms |work=The Times of India |date=25 June 2022 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>

=== Rebuild Kerala Initiative ===
Following the 2018 Kerala floods, Venu was the CEO of ''Rebuild Kerala Initiative'' (RKI), associated with the state's reconstruction and resilience planning after the floods.<ref name="ETGov2023">{{cite news |title=Kerala IAS V Venu, IPS Sheikh Darvesh to assume charge as chief secretary and DGP on July 1 |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/governance/kerala-ias-v-venu-ips-sheikh-darvesh-to-assume-charge-as-chief-secretary-and-dgp-on-july-1/101335601 |work=ETGovernment |date=28 June 2023 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref><ref name="WorldBankRKI" />

== Chief Secretary of Kerala==
On 27 June 2023, the Kerala Cabinet decided to appoint Venu, then additional chief secretary (home), as the next chief secretary of Kerala.<ref name="Cabinet2023" /> He assumed office on 1 July 2023, succeeding V. P. Joy, and served until 31 August 2024.<ref name="GADCS" /><ref name="ETGov2023" />

Venu retired on 31 August 2024 and was succeeded by his spouse, [[Sarada Muraleedharan]], with media coverage noting the unusual handover from husband to wife for the state's top bureaucratic post.<ref name="GADCS" /><ref name="IEHandover2024">{{cite news |title=Power couple: As Kerala chief secretary readies for retirement, his IAS wife is set to take over |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/thiruvananthapuram/power-couple-as-kerala-chief-secretary-to-readies-for-retirement-his-ias-wife-is-set-to-take-over-9526487/ |work=The Indian Express |date=22 August 2024 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref><ref name="IndiaToday2024">{{cite news |title=Mr and Mrs Chief Secretary: Husband passes top Kerala post to wife |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ias-sarada-muraleedharan-succeeds-husband-v-venu-kerala-chief-secretary-2591994-2024-09-02 |work=India Today |date=2 September 2024 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>

== Post-retirement ==
In September 2024, Venu was appointed chairperson of the board of trustees of the Kochi Biennale Foundation (KBF).<ref name="IEKBF2024" /><ref name="KBFAbout">{{cite web |title=Kochi Biennale Foundation |url=https://www.kochimuzirisbiennale.org/about |website=Kochi Biennale Foundation |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>

In May 2025, he assumed the role of director and curator of the Mathrubhumi International Festival of Letters (MBIFL) 2026.<ref name="MBIFL2025" />

== Personal life ==
Venu is married to [[Sarada Muraleedharan]], also a 1990-batch IAS officer, who succeeded him as Chief Secretary of Kerala in 2024.<ref name="TNIE2023" /><ref name="IndiaToday2024" /> The couple have two children.<ref name="OnmanoramaProfile" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Kerala]]

Ḹ

2026-03-29T14:47:04Z

Jina m. butchart:

{{short description|Letter "Ḹ" in Indic scripts}}
{{Infobox Indic letter |letname = Ḹ
|mainimg = Devanagari ॡ.svg
|bengcp = 09E1
|tibtcp = 0F63;ཱ&#x0F80
|mlymcp = 0D61
|sinhcp = 0D90
|brahcp = 1100E |ashokaimg = Brahmi lii.svg
|devacp = 0961
| hbchar = ל
| grchar = Λ
| lachar = L, Ł, Ɬ
| cychar = Л, Љ, Ԓ, Ӆ
|ipa = l̩ː |iast = Ḹ
}}

'''Ḹ''' is a vowel of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Ḹ is derived from the early "[[Ashoka]]" Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi lii.svg|13px|ng]]. As an Indic vowel, Ḹ comes in two normally distinct forms: 1) as an independent letter, and 2) as a vowel sign for modifying a base consonant. Bare consonants without a modifying vowel sign have the inherent "A" vowel.

==Āryabhaṭa numeration==
{{further|Āryabhaṭa numeration}}
[[Aryabhata]] used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the [[Greek numerals]], even after the invention of [[Indian numerals]]. The "Ḹ" sign was used to modify a consonant's value {{e|8}}, but the vowel letter did not have an inherent value by itself.<ref name="Ifrah">{{cite book|last=Ifrah|first=Georges|title=The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer|year=2000|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|isbn=0-471-39340-1|pages=447–450}}</ref>

==Historic Ḹ==
There are three different general early historic scripts - [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] and its variants, [[Kharosthi|Kharoṣṭhī]], and [[Tocharian alphabet|Tocharian]], the so-called ''slanting Brahmi''. Ḹ as found in [[Brahmi]] was missing in earlier geometric styles, but emerged during more flowing styles of Brahmi, such as the Kushana and Gupta. In both Tocharian and Kharoṣṭhī, Ḹ is not currently known from any source materials.

===Brahmi Ḹ===
The Brahmi letter Ḹ is only found as a vowel mark, and is derived from the [[La (Indic)#Brahmi La|consonant La]], and therefore is [[Brahmi script#origin|probably]] from the Aramaic [[Lamed]] [[File:Lamed.svg|13px]]. This would make it related to the modern Latin [[L]] and Greek [[Lambda]].<ref name="Buhler">{{cite web |last1=Bühler |first1=Georg |title=On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet |url=https://archive.org/details/onoriginofindian00bhuoft/page/n3/mode/2up |website=archive.org |year=1898 |publisher=Karl J. Trübner |accessdate=10 June 2020}}</ref> Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Ḹ can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.<ref>[[:File:Brahmi script consonants according to James Prinsep March 1838.jpg|Evolutionary chart]], Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [https://archive.org/stream/journalofasiatic775asia#page/n101]</ref> As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, but Ḹ must be back-formed from later forms to match the reference geometric writing style, and the reference image for the independent letter [[File:Brahmi lii.svg|13px]] is just the vowel mark enlarged to the size of a full letter.

==Devanagari Ḹ==

{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Devanagari ॡ.svg
| alt1 = Ḹ vowel
| image2 = Devanagari ॣ.svg
| alt2 = Ḹ vowel sign
| footer = Devanagari independent Ḹ and Ḹ vowel sign.
}}
'''Ḹ''' ('''ॡ''') is a vowel of the [[Devanagari]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi lii.svg|13px|Ḹ]]. Letters that derive from it are the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] letter '''ૡ''', and the [[Modi alphabet|Modi]] letter 𑘉.

===Devanagari-script languages===
The Devanagari script is used to write the [[Hindi language]], [[Sanskrit]] and the majority of [[Indo-Aryan languages]]. {{Dubious span|text=In most of these languages, ॡ is pronounced as {{IPA|hi|ḹ|}}|date=March 2026}}. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel.

==Bengali Ḹ==
{{main|Ḹ (Bengali)}}
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Bengali Letter Vocalic Ll.svg
| alt1 = Ḹ vowel
| image2 = Bengali Ll vowel sign.svg
| alt2 = Ḹ vowel sign
| footer = Bengali independent Ḹ and Ḹ vowel sign.
}}
'''Ḹ''' ('''ৡ''') is a vowel of the [[Bengali script|Bengali]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the [[Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham ll.svg|13px|Ḹ]], and is marked a lack of horizontal head line and less geometric shape than its Devanagari counterpart, ॡ.

===Bengali-script languages===
The Bengali script is used to write several languages of eastern India, notably the [[Bengali language]] and [[Assamese language|Assamese]]. {{Dubious span|text=In most languages, ৡ is pronounced as {{IPA|bn|ḹ|}}.|date=March 2026}} Like all Indic scripts, Bengali vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ɔ/ vowel.

==Gujarati Ḹ==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Gujarati ૡ.svg
| alt1 = Ḹ vowel
| image2 = Gujarati ૣ.svg
| alt2 = Ḹ vowel sign
| footer = Gujarati independent Ḹ and Ḹ vowel sign.
}}
'''Ḹ''' ('''ૡ''') is a vowel of the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the Devanagari Ḹ [[Image:Devanagari lii.svg|13px|ll]], and ultimately the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi lii.svg|13px|ll]].

===Gujarati-script languages===
The Gujarati script is used to write the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] languages. In both languages, ૡ is pronounced as {{IPA|gu|ḹ|}}. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel.

==Javanese Ḹ==
{{main|Ḹ (Javanese)}}

==Telugu Ḹ==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Telugu vowel Ll.svg
| alt1 = Telugu independent vowel Ḹ
| image2 = Telugu Ll vowel sign.svg
| alt2 = Telugu vowel sign Ḹ
| footer = Telugu independent vowel and vowel sign Ḹ.
}}
'''Ḹ''' ('''ౡ''') is a vowel of the [[Telugu script|Telugu]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi lii.svg|13px|Ḹ]] Ḹ. It is closely related to the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] letter '''ೡ'''. Like in other Indic scripts, Telugu vowels have two forms: and independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of Telugu consonant letters. Ḹ is a non-attaching vowel sign, and does not alter the underlying consonant or contextually shape itself in any way.
[[File:Telugu Ll matra.svg|thumb|center|550px|Telugu Ḹ vowel sign on క, ఖ, గ, ఘ & ఙ: Kḹ, Khḹ, Gḹ, Ghḹ and Ngḹ.]]

==Malayalam Ḹ==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Malayalam vowel Ll.svg
| alt1 = Malayalam independent vowel Ḹ
| image2 = Malayalam vowel sign Ll.svg
| alt2 = Malayalam vowel sign Ḹ
| footer = Malayalam independent vowel and vowel sign Ḹ.
}}
'''Ḹ''' ('''ൡ''') is a vowel of the [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi lii.svg|13px|Ḹ]], via the [[Grantha script|Grantha]] letter [[Image:Grantha vowel Ll.svg|x15px|Ḹ]] ''ḹ''. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Malayalam usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound.

==Odia Ḹ==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Odia vowel ll.svg
| alt1 = Odia independent vowel Ḹ
| image2 = Odia vowel sign ll.svg
| alt2 = Odia vowel sign Ḹ
| footer = Odia independent vowel and vowel sign Ḹ.
| align = left
}}
'''Ḹ''' ('''ୡ''') is a vowel of the [[Odia script|Odia]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi lii.svg|13px|Ḹ]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham lii.svg|x15px|Ḹ]] ''ḹ''. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Odia usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. No base consonants are altered in form when adding a vowel sign, and there are no consonant+vowel ligatures in Odia.

==Tirhuta Ḹ==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = TIRHUTA LETTER VOCALIC LL.svg
| alt1 = Tirhuta independent vowel Ḹ
| image2 = TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL.svg
| alt2 = Tirhuta vowel sign Ḹ
| footer = Tirhuta independent vowel and vowel sign Ḹ.
}}
'''Ḹ''' ('''𑒊''') is a vowel of the [[Tirhuta script|Tirhuta]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi lii.svg|13px|Ḹ]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham lii.svg|x15px|Ḹ]] ''ll''. Like in other Indic scripts, Tirhuta vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Tirhuta usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. No consonants are altered in form when adding the ''Ḹ'' vowel mark, although there are some consonant+vowel ligatures in Tirhuta.

{{clear}}

==Comparison of Ḹ==
The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including Ḹ, are related as well.
{{Indic glyph |letname = Ḹ
|devacp = 0961
|bengcp = 09E1
|telucp = 0C61
|oryacp = 0B61
|kndacp = 0CE1
|mlymcp = 0D61
|gujrcp = 0AE1

|brahcp = 1100E |ashokaimg = Brahmi lii.svg
|siddcp = 11589 |siddimg = Siddham ll.svg
|grancp = 11361
|tibtcp = 0F63;ཱ&#x0F80
|newacp = 11409
|shrdcp = 1118C
|mymrcp = 1055
|sinhcp = 0D90
|saurcp = A88B
|modicp = 11609
|tirhcp = 1148A
|balicp = 1B0E
|javacp = A98B
| armiimg = Lamed.svg
| ranjimg = Ranjana lii.svg
}}

==Character encodings of Ḹ==
Most Indic scripts are encoded in the [[Unicode Standard]], and as such the letter Ḹ in those scripts can be represented in plain text with unique codepoint. Ḹ from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as [[ISCII]].
{{Indic encoding |= Ḹ
|devacp = 0961
|bengcp = 09E1
|telucp = 0C61
|oryacp = 0B61
|kndacp = 0CE1
|mlymcp = 0D61
|gujrcp = 0AE1

|brahcp = 1100E |ashokaimg = Brahmi lii.svg
|siddcp = 11589 |siddimg = Siddham ll.svg
|grancp = 11361

|newacp = 11409
|shrdcp = 1118C
|mymrcp = 1055
|khmrcp = 17AE
|sinhcp = 0D90
|saurcp = A88B
|modicp = 11609
|tirhcp = 1148A
|balicp = 1B0E
|javacp = A98B
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Devanagari_abugida}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ll (Indic)}}
[[Category:Indic letters]]

Rustam Mirza Safavi

2026-03-27T13:39:11Z

Jina m. butchart:

{{Short description|Safavid prince}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Rustam Mirza
| image = 9 Hashim. Mirza Rustam Safavi. (1569-1641) LACMA 1635-40.jpg
| alt = Portrait of an old man with a cane
| caption = [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] portrait of Rustam Mirza by Hashim
| succession = Governor of [[Zamindawar]] and [[Garmsir]]
| reign = 1578–1593
| predecessor = [[Soltan Hosayn Mirza Safavi|Soltan Hosayn Mirza]]
| regent = Kur Hamza Beg
| successor = [[Mozaffar-Hosayn Mirza]]
| birth_date = 1565
| death_date = 1642
| issue = [[Mirza Badi-uz-Zaman Safavi]]
| issue-link = #Marriage and issue
| issue-pipe = Among others
| house = [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]]
| house-type = Dynasty
| father = [[Soltan Hosayn Mirza Safavi|Soltan Hosayn Mirza]]
| succession2 = [[Subah of Multan| Subahdar of Multan]]
| reign2 = 1593–1597
| predecessor2 = Muhib Ali Khan
| successor2 = Said Khan
| succession3 = [[Sind State|Subahdar of Thatta]]
| reign3 = 1612–1615
| predecessor3 = [[Mirza Ghazi Beg]]
| successor3 = Taj Khan Tash Beg
| succession4 = [[Subahdar]] of [[Allahabad]]
| reign4 = 1622–1626
| predecessor4 = [[Parviz Mirza]]
| successor4 = Jahangir Quli Khan{{Sfn|Husain|1999|p=68}}
| succession5 = [[Bihar Subah|Subahdar of Bihar]]
| reign5 = 1626–1627/February 1628
| predecessor5 = [[Parviz Mirza]]
| successor5 = Khan-i-Alam
}}

'''Rustam Mirza Safavi''' ({{langx|fa|رستم‌میرزا صفوی}}; 1565–1642), known as '''Rustam Qandahari''',{{Efn|Only Indian sources refer to Rustam and his family as 'Qandahari' (of Qandahar), this may have come from Rustam's attempts at presenting himself as the erstwhile ruler of Qandahar, even though he never held the title. [[William Finch (merchant)|William Finch]], English merchant visiting the Mughal court in 1610, distinguishes Rustam Mirza from the other grandees by calling him "late [former] King of Candhar".{{sfn|Ibáñez|2024|pp=46–47}}}} was an Iranian administrator, a prince of the [[Safavid dynasty]], and an eminent grandee in the court of the [[Mughal Empire]]. Rustam Mirza belonged to a junior branch of the Imperial Safavids, who ruled over the [[Qandahar]] region. In 1578, at age 12, Rustam was appointed governor of [[Zamindawar]] and [[Garmsir]] (modern-day [[Afghanistan]]), by his cousin, {{Transliteration|fa|Shah|italics=no}} [[Mohammad Khodabanda]]. As an adult, Rustam became a significant destabilising force in the region, exercising semi-independent rule and launching invasions into neighboring [[Sistan]] and Qandahar to expand his domain, fostering a fierce rivalry with his brother, [[Mozaffar-Hosayn Mirza]]. In the early 1590s, his failed attempt to establish an independent realm in [[Khorasan]] prompted his defection to the [[Mughal Empire]].

The Mughal emperors [[Akbar]] and [[Jahangir]] exploited Rustam's status as a Safavid prince. His elevation to the position of the {{Transliteration|hi|[[subahdar]]}} of [[Multan]], which was strategically located near Qandahar, in 1593, facilitated the peaceful Mughal acquisition of Qandahar in 1595. Rustam's growing influence within the Mughal administration, bolstered by his retinue, posed a latent threat to Safavid stability. He further entrenched his position through marital alliances, with two daughters marrying Mughal princes [[Parviz Mirza]] and [[Shah Shuja (Mughal prince)|Shah Shuja]], and his eldest son wedded to the daughter of [[Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan]], a key Mughal noble. Until his death in 1642, Rustam remained a potential challenge to the Safavid {{Transliteration|fa|[[shah]]|italics=no}}, [[Abbas the Great]], compelling the latter to maintain diplomatic relations with the Mughals to preempt any movement to place Rustam on the Safavid throne.

The Safavid chronicler [[Iskandar Beg Munshi]], serving under Abbas I, downplayed Rustam Mirza's significance, portraying him and his family as marginal and non-threatening. This depiction likely served to justify Abbas's centralisation of power within the Safavid dynasty, which successfully subdued the main imperial line but could not neutralise Rustam's influence in Mughal India. Rustam's son, [[Mirza Badi-uz-Zaman Safavi|Mirza Badi-uz-Zaman]] went on to become a distinguished Mughal {{Transliteration|ar|[[Emir|amir]]|italics=no}} and Emperor [[Aurangzeb]]'s father-in-law, further perpetuating the tradition for his family.

== Name ==
"Rustam" ({{Langx|fa|رستم}}) derives from the [[Middle Persian]] {{Transliteration|pal|Rōtastakhm|italics=no}} potentially originating from the [[Avestan]] {{Transliteration|ae|*raotas-taxma|italics=no}}, meaning "having the strength of the stream."{{Sfn|Davidson|1985|p=94}} The name was chosen from the [[Epic poetry|epic poem]] {{transliteration|fa|[[Shahnameh]]}} ({{lit|The Book of Kings}}), a recurring trend among the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavids]], aiming at restoring and honouring Iranian culture and tradition.{{Sfn|Seyed Yazdi|Bajlan|pp=109, 113|2016}}{{Efn|[[Ismail I]], the founder of the Safavid dynasty, held the {{transliteration|fa|Shahnameh}} in high esteem, actively promoting its cultural significance. He named all his sons and many of his daughters after characters from the {{transliteration|fa|Shahnameh}} and encouraged a broader societal trend of adopting names from the epic. This practice marked a notable shift in Safavid naming conventions, influenced by the integration of [[Shiite]] culture and [[Turkish language|Turkish]] and [[Arabic]] linguistic elements.{{sfn|Seyed Yazdi|Bajlan|2016|pp=105, 109-110}}}} In the {{transliteration|fa|Shahnameh}}, [[Rostam]] is a legendary hero from [[Sistan]] who becomes the protector of the [[Kayanian dynasty]], kings of [[Iran]], and their ''[[khvarenah]]'', the divine glory symbolizing sovereignty and authority.{{Sfn|Davidson|1985|pp=88, 94}}

From the 15th century, the Persian title {{Transliteration|fa|[[Mirza (name)|Mirza]]|italics=no}}, derived from {{Transliteration|fa|amir-zada}} (son of an {{Transliteration|ar|[[Emir|amir]]|italics=no}}), was incorporated into the royal titulature of the [[Timurid dynasty]] to designate princes, a practice later adopted by subsequent dynasties.{{Sfn|Mitchell|2006|p=814}} In Safavid society, the placement of {{Transliteration|fa|Mirza|italics=no}} after a name signified the individual's status as a royal prince, whereas when placed before a name, it indicated membership in the bureaucratic or scholarly class.{{Sfn|Maeda|2021|p=130}}

== Background ==

=== Safavid appanage system ===
[[File:Youth holding an ʿarẓadāsht (royal petition); signed by Muzaffar ʿAli ( fl. late 1520s–70s). Anthology made for Bahram Mirza (1517–49), before 1549. Istanbul, Topkapı Palace Museum, R. 957, fol. 1b.jpg|alt=A youth with a turban kneeling and holding a piece of ornated paper|thumb|[[Bahram Mirza Safavi|Bahram Mirza]], grandfather of Rustam Mirza, kneeling and presenting a petition, by Muzaffar 'Ali, before 1549]]
The [[Safavid dynasty]] of [[Safavid Iran|Iran]], founded by {{Transliteration|fa|[[Shah]]|italics=no}} [[Ismail I]] ({{Reign|1501|1524}}) adhered to the [[Turco-Mongol tradition]], whereby all male members of the dynasty were eligible for succession.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=36}} The Safavids further legitimised their rule by claiming descent from [[Muhammad]] as {{transliteration|ar|[[sayyid]]s}}, a status that endowed them with sacred and inviolable authority in the eyes of the [[Qizilbash]], the [[Turkoman (ethnonym)|Turkoman]] tribes forming the backbone of the Safavid military.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=36}}{{Efn|This claim of {{transliteration|ar|sayyid}} descent, tracing back to the seventh {{transliteration|ar|[[Twelve Imams|imam]]}}, [[Musa al-Kazim]], was propagated as early as the mid-15th century through fabricated genealogies.{{sfn|Morimoto|2010|pp=447–448}}{{sfn|Karakaya-Stump|2021|p=53, note. 16}} During the reign of Tahmasp I, the hagiography ''[[Safvat as-safa]]'', chronicling the life of Safavid progenitor [[Safi-ad-Din Ardabili]], was revised to obscure the dynasty's [[Kurds|Kurdish]] origins and reinforce the {{transliteration|ar|sayyid}} claim.{{sfn|Savory|2013}}}}

Under the second Safavid {{Transliteration|fa|shah|italics=no}}, [[Tahmasp I]] ({{Reign|1524|1576}}) the Safavid appanage system assigned governorships to princely brothers, who were rotated across the empire and supervised by a Qizilbash {{Transliteration|tr|[[Lala (title)|lala]]}} (tutor) to prevent the establishment of hereditary power bases.{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=300}} However, this system carried risks, as evidenced by the rebellions of [[Sam Mirza]] and [[Alqas Mirza]], supported by their lalas. Royal fratricide was generally avoided due to cultural disapproval and Tahmasp's brothers retained their potential threat until the end of their lives despite being imprisoned.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=37}}

=== Bahrami Safavid lineage ===
[[Bahram Mirza Safavi|Bahram Mirza]], grandfather of Rustam Mirza and a full brother of Tahmasp I, remained consistently loyal to the {{Transliteration|fa|shah|italics=no}}, earning preferential treatment for his descendants.{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=304}} Unlike other princely offspring, Bahram's sons were granted governorships during adolescence, bypassing the need for a {{Transliteration|tr|lala}} to mitigate Qizilbash influence, and were allowed prolonged tenure in their domains, contrary to Tahmasp's policy of rotation. In 1558, [[Badi-al Zaman Mirza Safavi|Badi-al Zaman Mirza]] was appointed governor of [[Sistan]], while [[Soltan Hosayn Mirza Safavi|Soltan Hosayn Mirza]], Rustam's father, seized [[Qandahar]] from the [[Mughal Empire]]; both retained their positions for life.{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=304}}{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=307}}

Tahmasp's son and successor, [[Ismail II]] ({{Reign|1576|1577}}) diverged from Turco-Mongol tradition by executing all his brothers except [[Mohammad Khodabanda]].{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=37}}{{Efn|Ismail may have been influenced by the 1574 royal purge of [[Murad III]] ({{reign|1574|1595}}), the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] {{transliteration|ar|sultan|italics=no}}, who executed all of his brothers to secure his throne.{{sfn|Geevers|2015|p=301}} Comparable instances of fratricide or marginalization of princely kin occurred elsewhere in the [[Turco-Persian tradition|Turco-Persian world]]. In the [[Khanate of Bukhara]], {{transliteration|fa|Khan|italics=no}} Abdul-Mo'min's killing of numerous male relatives failed to stabilize his rule, leading to his assassination in 1598 and the collapse of the [[Shaybanids|Shaybanid]] dynasty.

Similarly, in the [[Mughal Empire]], [[Akbar]] ({{reign|1556|1605}}) abolished the tradition of princely appanages by confining the sons of [[Mirza Muhammad Hakim]], his nephews, to the court, thereby stripping them of political influence and preventing their inheritance of [[Kabul]].{{sfn|Geevers|2015|pages=298–302}}{{sfn|Faruqui|2012|pages=7, 29}} These late 16th-century developments reflect a broader trend toward centralisation in Turco-Persian empires, achieved by eliminating collateral [[cadet branches]] to consolidate imperial authority.{{sfn|Geevers|2015|p=302}}}} The three sons of Bahram Mirza—[[Ibrahim Mirza|Ibrahim]], Badi-al Zaman and Soltan Hosayn—sought to establish independent domains, wary of Ismail II's intentions.{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=311}} Their failed attempts and subsequent deaths in 1577 prompted Ismail to target the Bahrami lineage for elimination.{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=311}} He killed Soltan Hosayn's eldest son, who was present in his court in Qazvin and then, according to the contemporary historian [[Iskandar Beg Munshi]], sent the orders for the murder of Soltan Hosayn's four remaining sons kept in Qandahar.{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=311}}{{Sfn|Munshi|1978|p=[https://archive.org/details/monshi-shah-abbas-english/Monshi_Shah-Abbas_English/page/651/mode/2up 651]}} However, Ismail's death and his succession by his brother, [[Mohammad Khodabanda]] ({{Reign|1578|1587}}), halted these plans.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=39}}

== Regional agitator ==

=== Conflict with brother ===
[[File:Jomann Imperium Periscum.jpg|alt=The map shows the borders of each province within the Safavid empire. Qandahar province is located in the north of the much larger Sistan|thumb|Map of Safavid Iran, {{Circa|1720}}. Qandahar and Sistan are located on the far eastern part of the map.|upright=1.5]]
In 1578, Rustam Mirza Safavi, born {{circa|1565}}, was appointed governor of [[Zamindawar]] and [[Garmsir]] at the age of 12, a decision stemming from Mohammad Khodabanda's reinstatement of the Turco-Mongol tradition of tolerating cadet branches within the Safavid dynasty. Mohammad Khodabanda divided the Qandahar region among the sons of Soltan Hosayn Mirza, assigning Qandahar to the elder [[Mozaffar-Hosayn Mirza]] (aged 15) and granting Zamindawar and Garmsir to Rustam.{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=312}}{{Efn|This decision was influenced by the Qandahar elite, who favoured the continued rule of Soltan Hosayn's sons in the region over their relocation to the royal court in Qazvin.{{sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=39}}}} Abu Sa'id and Sanjar, Rustam's younger brothers, were entrusted to his care.{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=312}} Kur Hamza Beg, a Dhu'l-Qadr tribe member and former advisor to Soltan Hosayn, was appointed as the joint {{Transliteration|fa|[[Vekil|vakil]]}} (regent).{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=313}} With this act, Mohammad Khodabanda formalised Qandahar as a princely appanage inherited by the sons of Soltan Hosayn.{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=312}}

Despite Zamindawar's agricultural productivity, Rustam found the revenues from his territories insufficient compared to Qandahar, a hub of international trade, sparking a rivalry with Mozaffar-Hosayn over their inheritance.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=39}}{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=314}} Hamza Beg sided with Rustam due to Mozaffar's strained relationship with his {{Transliteration|fa|vakil}}.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=40}} In 1581, Rustam and Hamza briefly occupied Qandahar, capturing Mozaffar but sparing his life in adherence to Safavid ideological principles.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=40}} From 1585, as the brothers reached adulthood, they faced increasing external and internal pressures.{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=314}}

The brothers also vied for control of Sistan, previously governed by their uncle Badi-al Zaman Mirza and, after his death, by Najm al-Din Mahmud of the local [[Mihrabanids|Mihrabanid dynasty]], whose rule was confirmed by Mohammad Khodabanda.{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=314}}{{Sfn|Mir Jafari|1977|p=65}} Disputing this, Rustam and Mozaffar invaded Sistan (on a date before 1590) but failed to secure it.{{Sfn|Afshar|Sarafrazi|2018|p=199}} A peace agreement followed, stipulating that Mozaffar marry Najm al-Din's daughter, Najm al-Din's son wed Hamza Beg's daughter, and Najm al-Din acknowledge Mozaffar and his descendants with deference.{{Sfn|Afshar|Sarafrazi|2018|p=199}} Rustam, perceiving a threat from Mozaffar's alliance with Sistan, continued their conflict, but Mozaffar, bolstered by Sistan's support, prevailed in subsequent battles.{{Sfn|Afshar|Sarafrazi|2018|p=199}} In 1589, Mozaffar executed Hamza Beg and his immediate successor, consolidating sole authority over Qandahar.{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=314}} In 1590, Rustam launched a final campaign in Sistan, killing Najm al-Din but was expelled by Najm al-Din's son, Jalal al-Din.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=41}}{{Sfn|Mir Jafari|1977|p=17}} Thereafter, Rustam redirected his efforts toward Khorasan, marking the end of his campaigns in Sistan and Qandahar.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=41}}

=== Conquests in Khorasan ===
[[File:Portrait of Rustam Mirza Safavi.jpg|alt=An old man with a white beard, wearing a cream jama, with a gold-leaf design|thumb|Portrait of Rustam Mirza Safavi, anonymous, late 17th Century.]]In 1587, [[Abdullah Khan II]], [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]] ruler of [[Khanate of Bukhara|Bukhara]], launched an invasion into the [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] province of Safavid empire and captured many of the core settlements of the province, such as [[Herat]], [[Mashhad]] and [[Nishapur]].{{Sfn|Burton|1995|p=54}} The new {{Transliteration|fa|shah|italics=no}} of Iran and Khodabanda's son and successor, [[Abbas the Great|Abbas I]] ({{Reign|1587|1629}}) mounted two unsuccessful campaigns against the Uzbeks in 1588 and 1589. The failure of the 1589 campaign led Suleiman Khalifa, the governor of Mashhad, to seek assistance from Rustam Mirza to counter the Uzbek occupation, a call supported by the Qizilbash {{Transliteration|fa|[[Emir|amirs]]|italics=no}} of [[Farah, Afghanistan|Farah]] and [[Hazarajat]].{{Sfn|Burton|1995|p=55}}{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=41}}{{Sfn|Afshar|Sarafrazi|2018|p=200}} Disaffected factions, particularly former allies of Murshid Quli Khan [[Ustajlu]], rallied to Rustam and proclaimed him their {{Transliteration|fa|shah|italics=no}}.{{sfn|Ghaffari Fard|1997|p=224}}{{Efn|Ustajlu was Abass' former {{transliteration|fa|lala}} and the main element behind Abass' ascension. He wished to use the new {{transliteration|fa|shah|italics=no}} as a pawn but was assassinated by Abass' men.{{sfn|Potts|2014|p=232}}{{sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=40}} He had a strong network of supporters in Khorasan that were enraged by his assassination and thus began supporting Rustam Mirza.{{sfn|Ghaffari Fard|1997|p=224}}}} Consequently, in the early 1590s, Rustam emerged as a rival claimant to Abbas I among the Qizilbash, challenging Safavid central authority.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=41}}

Rustam Mirza's venture into Khorasan began with his victory over an Uzbek raiding expedition from [[Samarkand]] who had murdered the merchants of a [[Caravan (travellers)|caravan]]. By avenging their death, Rustam increased his popularity in the region.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=41}} He established his court in Farah and began appointing governors to all cities of the province, although his authority was limited to the southern parts of Khorasan.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=41}} He also promoted Suleiman Khalifa's position, possibly appointing him as his {{Transliteration|fa|vakil}}.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=41}} He sent envoys to [[Kerman]], [[Fars province|Fars]] and Sistan, inciting them to join his newly-founded polity—which the modern historian Liesbeth Geevers dubbed the "Bahrami empire"—headed either by Rustam himself or by his elder brother, perhaps nominally, to display a united front.{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=315}} Najm al-Din Mahmud refused the offer, which initiated Rustam's 1590 invasion into Sistan and furthermore thwarted his plan.{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=315}}

This failure instead revitalised Rustam's Khorasan policy and strengthened the morale of his Qizilbash {{Transliteration|fa|amirs|italics=no}}.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=41}} He sent Suleiman Khalifa to relieve [[Ferdows]] and [[Torshiz]] from Uzbek occupation. The latter's Uzbek governor escaped to [[Khaf, Iran|Khaf]], where Din Mohammad Khan, the senior commander of the Uzbek army, resided.{{Sfn|Ghaffari Fard|1997|p=231}} The two armies met in [[Azghand]] in 1593 and during the ensuing battle, Suleiman Khalifa was killed and Rustam's forces were defeated.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=41}} According to the contemporary historian Mirza Beg Jonabadi, in the midst of the battle the Qizilbash received news that {{Transliteration|fa|Shah|italics=no}} Abbas had appointed Suleiman Khalifa as the new Governor of Khorasan. Their anger caused mayhem in the Qizilbash ranks and eventually most of the {{Transliteration|fa|amirs|italics=no}} deserted the army.{{Sfn|Ghaffari Fard|1997|p=232}}

Following the decline of Rustam's authority, he lost control of the regions of Zamindawar and Garmsir. The identity of the conqueror of Zamindawar is debated. According to Geevers (2015), Abdullah Khan II sent his nephews to seize Rustam's territories.{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=315}} Conversely, Singh (2001) asserts that Rustam's brother launched a rapid invasion of Zamindawar, capitalising on Rustam's weakened prestige.{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=545}} Rustam, accompanied by his remaining household, withdrew to [[Qalati Ghilji|Qalat]].{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=545}} During a hunting expedition, the local Bayat tribe revolted against his rule in Qalat. Despite resistance led by Rustam's mother, the Bayats captured the city and killed her. Rustam swiftly returned, quelled the rebellion, and executed numerous tribesmen.{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=546}} Facing increasing isolation, with no support from neighboring provinces or the central government under Abbas I, Rustam sought assistance from the Mughal Empire.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=41}}{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=315}}

=== Exodus to India ===
[[File:Contemporary seated portrait of Akbar, 1605.jpg|alt=A seated man with moustache, holding a book.|thumb|[[Detail (work of art)|Detail]] of the Mughal Emperor Akbar from ''[[Princes of the House of Timur]],'' probably by [[Abd al-Samad]], {{Circa|1550-55}}, [[British Museum]], [[London]].{{Sfn|Crill|Jariwala|p=50|2010}}]]
In 1591, Rustam Mirza initiated contact with the Mughal emperor [[Akbar]] ({{Reign|1556|1605}}), who sought to extend his dominion over Qandahar.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=42}} By early 1593, with most of his territories overrun by hostile forces, Rustam, holding only the city of Qalat, sought an alliance with Akbar. He communicated through Sharif Khan Atga, whom Akbar had appointed governor of [[Ghazni]] and trusted as a mediator, expressing his willingness to enter Mughal service and offering Qalat as a token of loyalty.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=42}}{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=546}}

Rustam also engaged [[Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan]], a prominent Mughal aristocrat, to facilitate negotiations, including with the ruler of [[Thatta]], fostering a lasting and beneficial alliance.{{Efn|The alliance between Rustam Mirza and Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan was informed by a historical precedent referenced in their correspondence.{{sfn|Hejazi|2002|p=101}} In 1544, when Mughal Emperor [[Humayun]], displaced by the Afghan ruler [[Sher Shah Suri]], sought refuge at the Safavid court of {{transliteration|fa|Shah|italics=no}} Tahmasp I, he was accompanied by [[Bairam Khan]], a prominent nobleman and the father of Khan-i-Khanan.{{sfn|Soudavar|1992|p=172}} During this period, Bairam Khan formed a significant connection with Tahmasp's sister, [[Mahinbanu Sultan]], who, by Tahmasp's decree, remained unmarried in anticipation of her destined union with the Hidden {{transliteration|ar|Imam}}, [[Muhammad al-Mahdi|Mahdi]].{{sfn|Soudavar|1992|p=172}}{{sfn|Blow|2009|p=12}} This relationship, possibly romantic, is suggested in '' the Princely Lovers'', a painting attributed to [[Mirza Ali]], created between circa 1540 and 1555.{{sfn|Soudavar|1999|p=55}} In their letters, Rustam and Khan-i-Khanan frequently cited this earlier bond as a providential omen, framing their own friendship and partnership as a continuation of a divinely ordained alliance.{{sfn|Hejazi|2002|p=101}}}} For Akbar and his minister [[Abul Fazl]], securing Rustam's allegiance was strategically vital, as it offered a low-cost opportunity to capture Qandahar, especially given the Mughal Empire's ongoing challenges in [[Kabul]] and [[Kashmir]]. The concurrent conflict between Abbas I and the Uzbeks in Khorasan further enabled Akbar to pursue this opportunity. Rustam's submission, as a Safavid prince and pretender, also enhanced the Mughal Empire's universalist ideological claims.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=42}}

In the late summer of 1593, Rustam Mirza surrendered the keys of Qalat to a Mughal representative, likely Sharif Khan Atga, in exchange for safe passage and provisions to [[Emigration of Iranians to India during the 16-18th centuries|join Akbar's court]].{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=43}} Accompanied by his younger brother Sanjar Mirza, his four sons (Murad, Shahrukh, Hasan, and Ibrahim), his staff, and approximately 400 Qizilbash retainers, Rustam faced repeated Uzbek attempts to intercept his caravan.{{Sfn|Afshar|Sarafrazi|2018|p=201}}

On October 4, 1593, the entourage reached the [[Chenab River]] near [[Lahore]], where Akbar was encamped.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=43}} They were received by a subordinate of Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan, possibly linked to Rustam's connections, and accommodated in tents by the river, with tents, carpets, and other items dispatched from the imperial stores via Qara Beg Turkman. Hakim-ul-Mulk, a Mughal diplomat, presented Rustam with a ceremonial belt and bejeweled dagger, and a delegation of {{Transliteration|ar|amirs|italics=no}}, including Sharif Khan Atga, [[Asaf Khan I|Asaf Khan]], and Shah Beg Khan, escorted him to a point four {{Transliteration|sa|[[Kos (unit)|kos]]}} (approximately 18 kilometers) from Lahore.{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=546}} There, Khan-i-Khanan and [[Zain Khan Koka]], one of Akbar's [[Milk kinship|milk brothers]], took over the escort.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=43}}

On October 8, 1593, during the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] festival of [[Vijayadashami|Dussehra]], commemorating [[Rama]]'s victory over [[Ravana]], Rustam and his retinue entered Lahore and proceeded to the palace, where he swore allegiance to Akbar.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=43}} Rustam was granted a high-ranking {{Transliteration|ar|[[Mansabdar|mansab]]}} (courtly rank) of 5,000/1,500,{{Efn|An abbreviation to denote the number of {{Transliteration|fa|zat}} (infantry)/{{Transliteration|fa|[[Sowar|sawar]]}} (cavalry) seconded from the imperial army to a nobleman's command.{{sfn|Khan|1998|p=60}} At the time of Akbar's reign, the {{Transliteration|fa|mansab}} of 5,000 was the maximum and highest rank allowed for non-royal grandees.{{sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=44}}}} symbolising his command over a substantial force and proximity to the emperor, along with a gift of one [[crore]] of {{Transliteration|hi|muradi [[History of the taka|tankas]]}}, the {{Transliteration|ar|[[subah]]dary}} (governorship) of [[Multan]], which bordered Qandahar, and several {{Transliteration|fa|[[pargana]]s}} (groups of villages) in [[Balochistan]].{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|pp=43–44}}{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=546}} Later, he received a flag and drum, further signifying his status.{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=546}} His brother, Mirza Abu Sa'id, who had remained in Qandahar, also joined Mughal service.{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=546}} Rustam's significant receptions, accompanied by the elaborate protocol and laden with astrological considerations and religious symbolism, underscored his importance for the emperor.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=43}}{{Efn|The reception of Rustam Mirza can be compared to that of two Timurid rulers of [[Badakhshan]]. In 1575, [[Suleiman Mirza (Timurid)|Suleiman Mirza]], a distant relative of Akbar and a Timurid ruler, was personally received by Akbar at the gates of [[Fatehpur Sikri]], an exceptional gesture, when he sought the Mughal emperor's protection. Similarly, in 1584, Mirza Shah Rukh, Suleiman's grandson, fleeing Uzbek pressure in Badakhshan, was escorted to the Lahore court by Prince [[Daniyal Mirza]] and Sheikh Ebrahim [[Chishti order|Chishti]], highlighting the ceremonial importance of such receptions.{{sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=43}}}}

== In the Mughal court ==

=== Under Akbar ===
{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 370
| caption_align = center
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| image1 = Detail of Rustam Mirza Safavi from 'Jahangir Receiving Sheikh Sa'di in Audience'.jpg
| caption =
| image2 = Durbar scene of Jahangir.jpg
| alt = Emperor Jahangir is seaeted on a throne, and Rustam Mirza is located at the bottom centre
| footer = Detail of Rustam Mirza Safavi from ''Jahangir Receiving Sheikh Sa'di in Audience'' by [[Abu'l-Hasan (artist)|Abu'l-Hasan]], a double page composition depicting Mughal Emperor [[Jahangir]] surrounded by his courtiers on the left panel and anachronistically showing the 13th-century Persian poet [[Saadi Shirazi]] presenting his book to the emperor on the right (not shown here), circa 1615.{{sfn|Beach|1980|p=10-11}}
}}
The strategic proximity of Multan to Qandahar, combined with Rustam Mirza's elevated {{Transliteration|ar|mansab}} rank of 5,000 and substantial subsidy of 100 [[lakh]]s of {{Transliteration|hi|muradi tankas}} (around 400,000 [[rupee]]s), indicates, according to Ibáñez, that Akbar explicitly recognised Rustam as a legitimate claimant to Qandahar and intended for him to pursue its conquest. The funds provided, equivalent to nearly fifty times the annual salary of a {{Transliteration|tr|yuzbashi}} (a commander of 100), would enable Rustam to maintain a force of approximately 5,000 cavalrymen.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=44}} Conversely, the grandeur of Akbar's reception of Rustam may also have been intended to persuade Mozaffar-Hosayn Mirza, then engaged in conflicts with the Uzbeks, to surrender Qandahar to the Mughals, presenting India as a secure refuge for him and his family.{{Sfn|Afshar|Sarafrazi|2018|p=201}}{{Sfn|Dasti|1998|p=101}}

Nevertheless, Akbar's recognition of Rustam Mirza's status facilitated a strategic marital alliance, with Rustam arranging the marriage of his eldest son to the daughter of Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan before leaving Lahore in 1593. Emulating Khan-i-Khanan's approach, Rustam refrained from joining Akbar's ''[[Din-i Ilahi]]'', the [[Syncretism|syncretic]] religious movement promoted by the emperor among his key courtiers.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=44}}

In 1594, Rustam Mirza assumed the governorship of Multan and began administering the region.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=45}} According to Abul Fazl's ''[[Ain-i-Akbari]]'', Rustam's rule was marked by oppressive governance, with his subordinates engaging in excessive exploitation of the populace. Consequently, local complaints reached Akbar, who, by the end of the same year,{{Sfn|Afshar|Sarafrazi|2018|p=201}} relocated Rustam to the {{Transliteration|hi|[[Sarkar (administrative division)|sarkar]]}} of [[Chittor Fort|Chittor]].{{Sfn|Dasti|1998|p=101}}{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=546}} Ibáñez, citing ''[[Ma'asir al-umara|Ma'asir al-Umara]]'' by [[Samsam ud Daula Shah Nawaz Khan]], places this transfer in 1597, following the Mughal acquisition of Qandahar in 1595. He further argues that Akbar's primary objective was securing Qandahar, and Rustam's heavy taxation in Multan—described as "desolating the population" in ''[[Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh]]'' by [[ʽAbd al-Qadir Badayuni]]—was part of the mirza's efforts to finance and lead a potential Mughal invasion of the city.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=46}} Singh expresses uncertainty about Rustam's whereabouts in 1595, noting that he was summoned to Akbar's court from the {{Transliteration|hi|sarkar}} of [[Sirhind]], in the {{Transliteration|hi|subah}} of [[Subah of Delhi|Delhi]] northwest of Multan, rather than Chittor in [[Rajasthan]], concluding that Rustam may have remained active in the greater [[Punjab]] area.{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=546}}

In 1595, Mozzafar-Hosayn Mirza, Rustam's brother, defected to the Mughal Empire and ceded sovereignty of Qandahar to the Mughals.{{Sfn|Geevers|2015|p=316}} To secure the region, Akbar dispatched an army of 10,000 in March 1595, but by April, rebellions erupted in Zamindawar and Garmsir, led by forces loyal to Rustam's rule.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=46}} Acknowledging the potential instability of appointing Rustam, a local Safavid prince, as governor of Qandahar, Akbar opted to prevent the Bahrami-Safavid lineage from reclaiming regional influence by assigning its members prestigious but distant administrative roles.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|pp=45–46}}{{Efn|Akbar employed a similar strategy in two comparable cases to manage displaced rulers. [[Yousuf Shah Chak]] of the [[Kashmir Sultanate]], ousted by the Mughal invasion of 1586, was granted the minor {{transliteration|hi|subahdary}} of [[Bihar Subah|Bihar]] with a modest {{transliteration|hi|sowar}} of 300. Similarly, [[Mirza Jani Beg Tarkhan]] of [[Thatta]], whose political legitimacy was questioned by Mughal authorities, was elevated to a high status at Akbar's court with a {{transliteration|hi|mansab}} rank of 5,000 and a marriage alliance to a Mughal general's daughter, but was reassigned to the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]].{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=44}}}}

Thus in the same year, Mozzafar-Hosayn gained the {{Transliteration|hi|[[jagir]]}} (land grant) of [[Sambhal]]{{sfn|Khan|1998|p=50–60}} and Rustam's [[fief]] was expanded to include the rebellious northern [[Pathankot|Pathan]] hills, where he was dispatched with a Mughal army to subdue the leader of the mountain chieftains, Raja Basu Dev of [[Nurpur kingdom|Nurpur]].{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=546}}{{Sfn|Jeratha|2000|p=69}} Despite tensions with his second-in-command, Asaf Khan, Rustam Mirza successfully led his Mughal forces through the Pathan hills and besieged the fort of [[Mankot]], capturing Raja Basu within two months.{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=546}}{{Sfn|Charak|1971|p=24}} Rustam then escorted Raja Basu to Lahore, where, in the presence of Akbar, Basu agreed to cede the Pathan region to the Mughal Empire.{{Sfn|Charak|1971|p=24}} In 1597, Rustam was granted the governorship of [[Raisen]] and its surrounding estates, where he resided for a period.{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=546}}

Since 1600, Mughal forces under [[Daniyal Mirza]], Akbar's son, were engaged in a protracted siege of [[Ahmednagar Fort]] during their campaign against the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Nizam Shahi dynasty]] of [[Ahmednagar]]. The prolonged operation resulted in severe resource shortages and frequent enemy raids, placing the Mughal troops in a precarious position. In response to Daniyal's call for reinforcements, Akbar sent Rustam Mirza from [[Burhanpur]] with an army and a substantial grant of one lakh {{Transliteration|ar|[[ashrafi]]s}} (gold coins), into the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]].{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=546}} Rustam joined forces with Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan, the {{Transliteration|fa|[[Ispahsalar|sipah-salar]]}} (commander-in-chief) of the Mughal invasion, and fought in the final assault that led to the conquest of Ahmednagar.{{Sfn|Afshar|Sarafrazi|2018|p=201}}

In 1604, Khan-i-Khanan tasked Rustam and his son Iraj with leading a contingent of seasoned soldiers to the northern bank of the [[Bhima River]] to escort Sultan Begum, daughter of [[Ibrahim Adil Shah II]] of [[Sultanate of Bijapur|Bijapur]] and the bride-to-be of Daniyal Mirza, to Ahmednagar for their wedding.{{Sfn|Joshi|1968|p=137}} In April 1604, Rustam's party reached Sultan Begum's camp, where he met Asad Beg Qazvini, an Iranian noble in Akbar's service who later documented the event in his memoirs.{{Sfn|Joshi|1968|p=138}} Asad Beg records that Rustam, accompanied by his [[Rajput]] soldiers, formed the advance guard of the entourage, successfully escorting the princess to Ahmednagar before Daniyal Mirza's arrival, thereby completing the mission.{{Sfn|Joshi|1968|p=139}}

=== Under Jahangir ===
{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 370
| caption_align = center
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| image1 = Detail of Mirza Rustam Safavi in 'Jahangir Receives Prince Khurram at Ajmer on His Return from the Mewar Campaign'.jpg
| caption =
| image2 = Jahangir Receives Prince Khurram at Ajmer on His Return from the Mewar Campaign.jpg
| alt = The reception of Prince Khurram, Rustam Mirza is one of the attendants
| footer = Detail of Rustam Mirza Safavi as one of the courtiers of [[Ajmer]] in ''Jahangir Receives Prince Khurram at Ajmer on His Return from the Mewar Campaign'' by [[Balchand]], circa 1635, part of the ''[[Padshahnama]]''
}}

During the early years of Emperor [[Jahangir]]'s reign ({{Reign|1605|1627}}), Rustam Mirza remained active in the Deccan, dedicating significant efforts to suppressing [[Malik Ambar]], the leader of the Nizam Shahi resistance. Despite his endeavours, Rustam was unable to subdue the resilient opposition. and was thus recalled by Jahangir to [[Agra]] in 1612.{{Sfn|Afshar|Sarafrazi|2018|p=203}}{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=546}} Since his arrival at the royal court coincided with the death of [[Mirza Ghazi Beg]] of [[Sind State|Thatta]], Jahangir elevated his {{Transliteration|hi|mansab}} to 5000/5000, which was Ghazi Beg's own rank and appointed him the {{Transliteration|hi|subahdar}} of Thatta.{{Sfn|Afshar|Sarafrazi|2018|p=203}}{{Sfn|Paliwal|2000|p=306}}

According to ''Ma'asir al-umara'', the emperor provided Rustam with guidance on administering justice and instructed him to expel the [[Arghun dynasty|Arghuns]] and [[Tarkhan dynasty|Tarkhans]], who had dominated the region since the early 16th century, along with their long-standing {{Transliteration|ar|vakil}}, Khusrau Khan the Circassian, who had served their family for four generations, to prevent potential rebellions.{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=546}} Mir Abdur Razzaq, a member of the distinguished Iranian Ma'muri family, was appointed as Rustam Mirza's treasurer in Thatta. His duties included overseeing revenue [[disbursement]]s, assessing the {{Transliteration|hi|jama dami}} (revenue assessment), and allocating {{Transliteration|hi|jagirs}} to Rustam and his dependents.{{Sfn|Khan|1981|pp=204-205}}

Although Rustam was able to completely eradicate any remaining Arghun-Tarkhan influence over the [[Sindh]],{{Sfn|Naz|2020|p=13}} his governance was marked by excessive harshness, leading to numerous complaints.{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=547}} Consequently, in 1615, Jahangir recalled Rustam to court and briefly imprisoned him in [[Gwalior]] under the supervision of [[Anup Rai]], the head jailer, where his oppressive tendencies were "cured".{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=547}}{{sfn|Beach|1980|p=11}} Shortly thereafter, Rustam was released, welcomed back to court with favour, and saw his daughter married to Jahangir's son, [[Parviz Mirza]]. He was promoted to a {{Transliteration|hi|mansab}} rank of 6,000 and appointed {{Transliteration|hi|subahdar}} of [[Prayagraj|Allahabad]].{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=547}}

During the rebellion of Prince Khurram (future [[Shah Jahan]]) in 1622, Rustam was tasked with safeguarding the eastern territories of Allahabad against the rebel forces.{{Sfn|Sinha|1974|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.118676/page/n51/mode/2up 42]}} Following the capture of [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]] by Khurram's troops, Rustam provided refuge to the city's fugitive governor, Jahangir Quli Khan, and organised defenses to counter the advancing rebel army.{{Sfn|Husain|1999|p=68}} Khurram deployed Abdullah Khan to seize Allahabad, and the commander established a camp at [[Jhusi]], across the [[Ganges|Ganges River]] from the city. Rustam and his forces withdrew to the [[Allahabad Fort|Allahabad fort]] in response. Abdullah Khan crossed the river using boats, launching a siege with artillery and muskets, and briefly entered the city. Despite assurances from Rumi Khan, head of Khurram's artillery, that the fort's capture was imminent, Abdullah Khan, displaying unexpected hesitation, withdrew back to Jhusi. Shortly thereafter, the approaching imperial forces relieved the siege.{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=547}} Rustam was recalled from Allahabad after the end of the rebellion in 1626 and reassigned to govern [[Bihar]].{{Sfn|Sinha|1974|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.118676/page/n51/mode/2up 42]}} He served as the final {{Transliteration|hi|subahdar}} of Bihar under Jahangir. Rustam's tenure ended either in 1627,{{Sfn|Ahmad|2002|p=287}} shortly after Jahangir's death or in February 1628, when Shah Jahan ({{Reign|1628|1658}}) replaced him with Mirza Bar Khurdar, also known as Khan-i-Alam.{{Sfn|Askari|1944|p=348}}

=== Later years and death ===
[[File:Royal Lovers on a Terrace, ca 1633.png|alt=A man and a woman sitting on a platform, gazing at each other, while female attendants surround them|thumb|Wedding portrait of [[Shah Shuja (Mughal prince)|Shah Shuja]] and his wife, Belqis Banu Begum, daughter of Rustam Mirza]]

Due to advancing age and [[gout]], Rustam Mirza withdrew from administrative duties and settled at the Mughal court in [[Agra]], where Shah Jahan granted him an annual pension of one lakh and twenty thousand rupees.{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=547}} In 1632, Shah Jahan's son, [[Shah Shuja (Mughal prince)|Shah Shuja]], married Rustam's daughter, Belqis Banu Begum, an event commemorated by the [[chronogram]]: ''Mahd Belqis ba sar manzil Jamshed amad'' (The lady Bilqis—[[Queen of Sheba]]—came to the house of [[Jamshid]]).{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=547}} According to ''Amal-i Salih'' by [[Muhammad Saleh Kamboh]], the wedding adhered to traditional customs, including the application of [[henna]], the distribution of [[brocade]]d robes, and trays adorned with flowers, [[betel]] leaves, sweets, and perfumes, all conducted with "utmost propriety".{{Sfn|Afshar|Sarafrazi|2018|p=205}} Shah Nawaz Khan notes that another of Rustam's daughters married [[Dara Shikoh]].{{Sfn|Afshar|Sarafrazi|2018|p=205}}

Rustam Mirza died in Agra in 1642 at the age of 72.{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=547}} Following his death, when Agra's {{Transliteration|ar|mustasaddis}} (tax collectors) attempted to seize his possessions, his widow armed the household's [[Handmaiden|maidservants]] with muskets, disguising them as men, and declared that her family would not be treated like ordinary officials.{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=547}} Upon learning of her defiance, Shah Jahan, impressed by her resolve, allowed Rustam's family to retain all his belongings except his elephants.{{Sfn|Anwar|1991|p=268}}

== Marriage and issue ==
[[File:Study of Iltifat Khan.jpg|thumb|upright|left|''Head of the courtier [[Iltifat Khan]]''. A life-size study of Sultan Murad Mirza ''Iltifat Khan'', son of Rustam Mirza Safavi. Circa 1640, [[Ashmolean Museum]]]]
In 1581, at the age of sixteen, Rustam Mirza married a noblewoman from the prominent Shaykhavand tribe, with the support of his regent, Kur Hamza Beg. According to ''[[Kholāsat al-tavārikh|Kholasat al-tavarikh]]'' by [[Ahmad Monshi Ghomi]], the wedding was a grand affair, attended by numerous prominent nobles and royal princes, with lavish celebrations extending over six months. Ghomi attests that following the [[Consummation|wedding night]], Rustam suffered a brief period of illness and temporary blindness, from which he subsequently recovered.{{sfn|Hejazi|2002|p=91}}

According to ''Tuhfah al-kiram'' by Mir Ali Shir Qani Tattawi, Rustam had six sons: [[Iltifat Khan|Murad]], Shahrukh, Hasan, Ibrahim, [[Mirza Badi-uz-Zaman Safavi|Badi-uz-Zaman]], and Mirza Masti; along with four daughters. However, Shahnawaz Khan and Muhammad Saleh Kamboh state that upon entering Mughal service in 1593, Rustam had only four sons, excluding Badi-uz-Zaman and Mirza Masti. Jahangir's records identify Sohrab Mirza as one of Rustam's sons, noting his death by drowning in a [[Kashmir]] river, which aligns with Tattawi's account of Mirza Masti's death, suggesting they were the same individual. Thus, Badi-uz-Zaman and Sohrab/Mirza Masti were likely born in India after 1593.{{Sfn|Afshar|Sarafrazi|2018|p=204}}

Having outlived his brothers—Abu Sa'id (d. 1596), Sanjar (d. 1597), and Mozaffar-Hosayn (d. 1600)—Rustam emerged as the undisputed head of the Bahrami-Safavid family within the Mughal Empire.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=46}} In this role, he took on the care of his brothers' descendants, treating them as his own children. For instance, Jahangir's records note that Rustam welcomed Mozaffar-Hosayn's children into his household in Thatta, providing for them alongside his own offspring, despite the prior rivalry and tensions between the two brothers.{{Sfn|Afshar|Sarafrazi|2018|p=204}}

== Legacy ==

=== Historical assessment and anecdotes ===
[[File:Shah Ismail Safavi and Six of His Descendants. Calligraphy signed Shah Qasim. Mughal India, circa 1650-60.jpg|thumb|''Shah Ismail Safavi and Six of His Descendants''. Calligraphy signed by Shah Qasim. Mughal India, circa 1650-60. Clockwise from the left, Mirza Mukarram Khan (Rustam's grandson, died 1669), Rustam Mirza, [[Bahram Mirza Safavi|Bahram Mirza]] (died 1550, son of Ismail I), [[Shah Ismail|Ismail I]] (center), [[Soltan Hosayn Mirza Safavi|Soltan Hosayn Mirza]] (son of Bahram Mirza, Rustam's father), Sultan Murad Mirza (Rustam's son, titled 'Iltafat Khan' under Jahangir), and Rustam Mirza (son of Mukarram). Now in the [[Museum of Islamic Art, Doha|Museum of Islamic Art]], Qatar.{{Efn|This painting once belonged to a Mughal emperor, but its exact purpose remains unclear. Islamic art scholar Nur Sobers-Khan suggests that owning a portrait of a rival dynasty may have been a significant achievement for the Mughals. There exists many illustrations of [[Timur]] in the company of his descendants, the Mughal emperors (for example, a piece from [[Padshahnama]] where Timur offers a crown to Shah Jahan), and this certain genre has been applied in this painting to the Safavid founder and his descendants from the Bahram line.{{sfn|Sobers-Khan|2014|pages=23-24}}}}]]
The ''Ma'asir al-umara'' lauds Rustam Mirza as a sophisticated and worldly figure, while Abul Fazl's ''Ain-i-Akbari'' describes him as possessing greater intellect and ingenuity than his brother, Mozaffar-Hosayn Mirza.{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=547}} Asad Beg Qazvini, who spent time with Rustam during the celebrations marking Emperor Jahangir's accession in 1605, portrayed him as a refined individual with a deep appreciation for music, noting his expertise in various instruments and his engaging discussions with musicians, about their styles and characteristics; Rustam himself was a skilled player of the [[Qanun (instrument)|qanun]].{{Sfn|Joshi|1968|p=151-152}} Additionally, Rustam was a prominent patron of Persian poets, including Mahwi Ardabili and Monsef Samarqandi, who accompanied him to Burhanpur and, through his support, gained patronage from other notable figures.{{Sfn|Ahmad|1976|p=127}}{{Sfn|Jahan Tab|2001|p=2414}} Under the {{Transliteration|fa|[[takhallus]]}} (pen name) ''Fadai'', Rustam also composed poetry, including a humorous poem about his brother Mozaffar upon the latter's arrival at the Mughal court.{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=547}}{{Efn|English text of the verses:{{sfn|Singh|2001|p=574}}

{{Poem quote
|text=The blind man, who is being trodden on along the road of envy,
I won't style him an impostor, for he is the donkey of impostors.
It is said, cold wind comes from Iran,
This wind at the time of reception is, however, a [[simoom]].}}}}

Asad Beg Qazvini further highlights Rustam Mirza's equitable treatment of his subordinates, noting that many held their own {{Transliteration|hi|jagirs}}.{{Sfn|Joshi|1968|p=152}} A significant number of Rustam's original retinue, who accompanied him from the Safavid Empire to the Mughal court, secured prominent positions within the Mughal administration. These included relatives of Suleiman Khalifa, the former governor of Mashhad, Aliqoli Sultan Asayesh-Oghlu, a commander at the Battle of Azghand, and Muhammad Zaman Sultan Shamlu, previously the castellan of [[Lashkargah|Bost]].{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=45}} On the contrary, in 1622, Khalil Beg Dhulkadir, another member of his original entourage who had risen in Mughal service, was denounced by Rustam and executed alongside Mohtaram Khan Khaje Sara and Qadai Khan Mir Tuzak as conspirators in Prince Khurram's rebellion, by the orders of Jahangir, who was very trusting of Rustam.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=45}}{{Sfn|Afshar|Sarafrazi|2018|p=203}} Jahangir's deep trust in Rustam is evidenced by the consistent elevation of his {{Transliteration|hi|mansab}}, which indicates his near-constant presence within the imperial entourage and his favoured status at court.{{Sfn|Afshar|Sarafrazi|2018|p=203}}{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=44}}

Rustam Mirza distinguished himself as a skilled [[warlord]], particularly adept in cavalry tactics.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=45}} He was also a pioneer in introducing [[wheellock]] firearms to the Indian subcontinent; a passage from a ''[[Tuzk-e-Jahangiri|Jahangirnama]]'' manuscript held by the [[Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|Royal Asiatic Society]] recounts Rustam's fascination with a technologically advanced {{Transliteration|fa|tufang}} (firearm) which he sought to acquire due to its remarkable features: the ability to fire 100 shots without overheating, a self-ignition mechanism, exceptional accuracy, and the capacity to handle a five-{{Transliteration|ar|[[mithqal]]}} shot. Rustam offered 12,000 rupees and ten horses for the weapon, but the owner declined. Ultimately, Jahangir obtained the firearm and presented it to Rustam as a gift.{{Sfn|Khan|1991|pp=383-385}}

As a ruler, Rustam Mirza was frequently characterised in contemporary chronicles as tyrannical,{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=46}} notably in Yousuf Mirak's ''Tarikh Mazhar-i-Shahjahani'', which provides firsthand accounts of his oppressive rule and the pervasive corruption within the land grant system during his tenure as {{Transliteration|hi|subahdar}} of Thatta in Sindh.{{Sfn|Naz|2020|p=21}} In contrast, Emperor Akbar commended Rustam's restraint in a letter, citing an incident during a hunt where, despite being wounded by a Rajput's sword, Rustam resolved the dispute diplomatically by sending the aggressor to the court for judgment.{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=547}}

=== Impact on Safavid-Mughal relations ===
{{quote box
| text =Today, in the year 1616-17, Rustam Mirza, his sons, and the sons of Mozzafar-Hosayn Mirza, with several of their children, both male and female, are still in India, but at this point their history ceases to be relevant to the history of Iran.{{sfn|Geevers|2015|p=317}}
| width = 25em
| align = right
| bgcolor = #FFFFF0
| source = ''[[Tarikh-e Alam-ara-ye Abbasi]]'', [[Iskandar Beg Munshi]]
}}

The Safavid chronicler [[Iskandar Beg Munshi]], writing under {{Transliteration|fa|Shah|italics=no}} Abbas I, consistently downplayed Rustam Mirza Safavi's significance, depicting him as a marginal figure in Safavid-Mughal relations and irrelevant to Iranian politics following his defeats in the 1590s.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=47}} In contrast, Emperor Akbar leveraged Rustam's presence at the Mughal court to facilitate the acquisition of Qandahar in 1595. Akbar's strategy included fostering a pro-Rustam uprising or encouraging Mozaffar-Hosayn Mirza's voluntary surrender by showcasing generosity toward Rustam. Mughal records, as noted by historian Marc Morató-Aragonés Ibáñez, framed the intervention as a defense of the Bahrami-Safavid governance in Qandahar while also citing punitive actions against [[Baloch people|Baluchi]] raiders who allegedly attacked [[Thatta]] and retreated eastward.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=47}} Facing a precarious position, Abbas I pursued diplomacy, sending gifts and envoys to the Mughal court to negotiate Qandahar's return. Akbar, while affirming amicable relations, justified retaining Qandahar by claiming to protect Rustam's regional authority, refusing to relinquish the city.{{Sfn|Mansoori Mughadam|Gholizadeh|Elahi|2022|p=129}}

Post-annexation, the grand vizier Abu'l Fazl defended the intervention, asserting that Safavid princes, including Rustam, sought refuge with Akbar due to Abbas' failure to support them against Uzbek incursions.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=47}} Years later, Emperor Jahangir referenced a purported letter from "the princes", in which Rustam allegedly expressed his inability to govern Qandahar and offered to cede it to a Mughal representative in exchange for the opportunity to pay homage, presenting the Bahrami-Safavids as the legitimate rulers who willingly transferred the region to Akbar.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=47}}

Rustam's lingering support in Khorasan and Qandahar positioned him as a potential claimant to the Safavid throne, a status the Mughals exploited as a deterrent against Safavid ambitions. Notably, during the [[Siege of Kandahar (1605–1606)|1606 Safavid siege of Qandahar]], Jahangir invoked Rustam's claim to dissuade Abbas's forces, who, in a subsequent letter, disavowed the siege as unauthorised.{{Sfn|Mansoori Mughadam|Gholizadeh|Elahi|2022|p=130}} Ibáñez suggests three occasions when the Mughals could have pursued an invasion of Iran to install Rustam: in 1595 during Qandahar's acquisition, in 1612–1615 during Rustam's governance of Thatta, and in 1622 amid the [[Mughal–Safavid war (1622–1623)|Mughal-Safavid conflict]] over Qandahar, ultimately won by the Safavids.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=47}} However, prioritising regional stability, the Mughals refrained from advancing Rustam's claim, opting instead to maintain diplomatic equilibrium.{{Sfn|Ibáñez|2024|p=47}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
===Primary sources===
{{refbegin}}
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* {{cite book |last=Sobers-Khan |first=Nur |title=Building Our Collection: Mughal and Safavid Albums |year=2014 |publisher=Museum of Islamic Art |publication-place=Doha |language=ar |oclc=1131782670}}
* {{cite book |last=Soudavar |first=Abolala |title=Art of the Persian Courts : Selections from the Art and History Trust Collection |year=1992 |isbn=9780847816606 |oclc=26396207 |publisher=Rizzoli |publication-place=New York}}
* {{cite journal |last=Soudavar |first=Abolala |title=Between the Safavids and the Mughals: Art and Artists in Transition |oclc=5543699868 |issn=0578-6967 |doi=10.2307/4299994 |journal=Iran |publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd. |publication-place=London |date=1999 |pages=49–66 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4299994 |url-access=subscription}}

{{refend}}

[[Category:1565 births]]
[[Category:1642 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Kandahar]]
[[Category:Safavid princes]]
[[Category:Nobility from the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Mughal Subahdars]]
[[Category:Subahdars of Bihar]]
[[Category:Subahdars of Thatta]]
[[Category:Iranian emigrants to the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Warlords]]
[[Category:17th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:16th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:16th-century people from Safavid Iran]]
[[Category:People from the Subah of Multan]]

Amy Jackson

2026-03-27T13:38:24Z

Jina m. butchart: minor expanded lead after review also and cleaned formatting for consistency

{{short description|English actress and model (born 1992)}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{for-multi|the American judge|Amy Berman Jackson|the Australian soccer player|Amy Jackson (soccer)|the British artist|Amy Jackson (artist)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Amy Jackson
| image = Amy_Jackson_headshot_(cropped).jpg
| caption = Jackson in 2015
| other_names = Amy Jackson Westwick
| birth_name = Amy Louise Jackson
| birth_place = [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]], [[Isle of Man]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|01|31|df=yes}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|model}}
| years_active = 2006–present
| citizenship = United Kingdom
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Ed Westwick]]|2024}}
| children = 2
}}

'''Amy Louise Jackson Westwick''' ([[née]] '''Jackson'''; born 31 January 1992) is a British actress and model known for her work in [[Indian films]]. She predominantly works in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films in addition to few [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada]] and English films. Jackson's most notable roles include Amy Wilkinson in ''[[Madrasapattinam]]'' (2010), Sarah in ''[[Singh Is Bliing]]'' (2015), Annie in ''[[Theri (film)|Theri]]'' (2016), and Nila in [[2.0 (film)|''2.0'']] (2018). She has won an [[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards|Ananda Vikatan Cinema Award]], a [[SIIMA Award]], and a [[London Asian Film Festival]] award.

In 2007, at the age of 14, Jackson began her modeling career in the UK and has since worked with designers such as [[Hugo Boss]], [[Carolina Herrera]], [[JW Anderson]], [[Bulgari]], and [[Cartier (jeweler)|Cartier]]. In 2009, she was crowned [[Miss Teen World]]. She was called to London to audition for the lead role in the Tamil film ''Madrasapattinam'' (2010), winning the role despite having had no previous acting experience and beginning her career in India. She made her Hindi debut in ''[[Ekk Deewana Tha]]'' (2012), and Telugu debut in ''[[Yevadu]]'' (2014). She was featured on ''[[The Times of India]]''{{'}}s "Most Promising Female Newcomers of 2012" and "Most Desirable Women of 2014" lists. She made her American debut as [[Saturn Girl|Imra Ardeen / Saturn Girl]] in the television series ''[[Supergirl (TV series)|Supergirl]]'' (2017), and her British debut as Nimisha in ''[[Boogie Man (2018 film)|Boogie Man]]'' (2018).

Jackson is a patron for charities such as the Sneha Sargar Orphanage for Girls. In 2018, she was honoured with the [[United Nations]]' International Day of the Girl Child Award. She is a [[vegan]] and an [[animal rights]] advocate who has been an ambassador for [[PETA]] since 2016, as well as supporting [[Elephant Family]] with their mission to reduce human-animal conflict in Asia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2017 |title=Amy Jackson |url=https://www.petaindia.com/blog/amy-jackson-hooked-bloodied-for-animals/ |access-date= |website=petaindia.com |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121213410/https://www.petaindia.com/blog/amy-jackson-hooked-bloodied-for-animals/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early life ==
Amy Louise Jackson was born in [[Douglas, Isle of Man]] on 31 January 1992,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/2-0-amy-jackson-birthday-rajinikanth-shankar-ar-rahman-958295-2017-02-01 |title=Watch: Amy Jackson celebrates birthday on the sets of 2.0 |date=1 February 2017 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=3 September 2019 |archive-date=3 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903104903/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/celebrities/story/2-0-amy-jackson-birthday-rajinikanth-shankar-ar-rahman-958295-2017-02-01 |url-status=live}}</ref> the daughter of [[Liverpool]] natives Marguerita and Alan Jackson.<ref name="Alan Jackson">{{Cite news |title=Amy Jackson Biography, Family |url=http://www.celebfamily.org/amy-jackson |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002153444/http://www.celebfamily.org/amy-jackson |archive-date=2 October 2019 |access-date=17 January 2020 |work=celebfamily.org}}</ref> She has an older sister named Alicia, who is a teacher. Jackson was raised as a [[Christian]].<ref name="Jollyhoo20122"/> When Jackson was two years old, the family returned to Liverpool and lived with her grandmother in the suburb of [[Woolton]] so that her father could continue his career with [[BBC Radio Merseyside]]. Her parents later divorced. She attended [[St Edward's College]] in the suburb of [[West Derby]] and intended to take her [[A-Level]]s in English literature, philosophy, and ethics before she was cast in her first film.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Prateiks-the-sweetest-and-most-caring-guy-Amy-Jackson/articleshow/12325625.cms |title=Prateik's the sweetest and most caring guy: Amy Jackson |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=21 January 2015 |archive-date=10 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510161216/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Prateiks-the-sweetest-and-most-caring-guy-Amy-Jackson/articleshow/12325625.cms |url-status=live |last1=Fernandes |first1=Kasmin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amylouisejackson.com/ |title=About Amy |publisher=Amy Louise Jackson |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111171923/http://amylouisejackson.com/ |archive-date=11 November 2010 |access-date=21 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.bollygraph.com/profile/amy-jackson-biography/9269/ |title=Amy Jackson Biography, Height, Movies and Details |last=Sharma, Mukul Kumar |date=31 January 2012 |work=Bollygraph |access-date=17 February 2012 |archive-date=4 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204075135/http://www.bollygraph.com/profile/amy-jackson-biography/9269/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Career ==
=== Modelling ===
After winning the Miss Teen Liverpool and Miss Teen Great Britain pageants, Jackson won the title of [[Miss Teen World]] in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-news/local-news/2008/08/29/liverpool-s-amy-jackson-is-miss-teen-world-100252-21632132/ |title=Liverpool's Amy Jackson is Miss Teen World |date=29 August 2008 |work=[[Liverpool Echo]] |access-date=4 August 2010}}</ref> In 2009, Jackson started her modelling career with the Northern-based modelling agency, Boss Model Management, and then went on to sign with her London agency, Models 1.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bossmodelmanagement.co.uk/models/physique/women/amy-jackson.htm |title=Amy Jackson |publisher=Boss Model Management |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206061223/http://www.bossmodelmanagement.co.uk/models/physique/women/amy-jackson.htm |archive-date=6 February 2012 |access-date=25 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bossmodelmanagement.co.uk/models/management/women/amy-jackson.htm |title=Amy Jackson |publisher=Boss Model Management |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525022311/http://www.bossmodelmanagement.co.uk/models/management/women/amy-jackson.htm |archive-date=25 May 2012 |access-date=25 February 2012}}</ref> She won Miss Liverpool in 2010. She competed for the [[Miss England]] title in 2010 and was crowned the runner-up to [[Jessica Linley]].<ref name="missengland">{{Cite web |title=Miss Liverpool On Her Way To Win Miss England |url=http://www.freebetsblog.com/bookmakers/miss-liverpool-is-favourite-to-win-the-2010-miss-england/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817024053/http://www.freebetsblog.com/bookmakers/miss-liverpool-is-favourite-to-win-the-2010-miss-england/ |archive-date=17 August 2010}}</ref>

=== 2010–2012: Breakthrough in Indian films ===

In 2010, Indian film producers spotted Jackson's photo on the Miss Teen World website and invited her to audition for the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] [[Period piece|period]]-drama film ''[[Madrasapattinam]]'' (2010)''.'' Despite having had no previous acting experience, she was cast as the female lead opposite [[Arya (actor)|Arya]]. The film, set against the backdrop of Pre-Independence India, tells the story of a [[Governor-General of India|British Governor]]'s daughter who falls in love with a village boy. Jackson admitted that it was very difficult to learn the Tamil dialogues. The film was released on 9 July 2010; it was praised by critics and performed well at the box office,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-news/in-the-mix/2012/01/25/liverpool-teen-amy-jackson-on-her-new-life-in-mumbai-and-becoming-an-in-demand-bollywood-leading-lady-100252-30192794/ |title=Liverpool teen Amy Jackson on her new life in Mumbai and becoming an in-demand Bollywood leading lady |last=Collinson |first=Dawn |date=25 January 2012 |work=[[Liverpool Echo]] |access-date=4 February 2012}}</ref> with Jackson gaining praise for her performance. Sify wrote, "It is an out and out Amy Jackson show. She is simply amazing to deliver lines in Tamil, and is one good reason to see the film".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/madrasapattinam-review-tamil-14948797.html |title=Madrasapattinam |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=15 January 2013 |archive-date=6 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806042357/http://www.sify.com/movies/madrasapattinam-review-tamil-14948797.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Behindwoods wrote, "The one who walks away with the top honours is Amy Jackson for a beautiful portrayal of a lady torn between her love and the mighty empire. She looks absolutely beautiful, emotes well through her expressive eyes and is able to earn the sympathy of the audiences during tough times".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/madharasapattinam-movie-review.html |title=Madharasapattinam Movie Review |website=Behindwoods |access-date=15 January 2013 |archive-date=22 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622105304/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/madharasapattinam-movie-review.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Rediff wrote, "Amy Jackson is almost perfect as the wide-eyed young girl who is seeing India for the first time, fascinated by its culture".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/jul/09/south-review-of-madharasapattinam.htm |title=Madharasapattinam is worth a watch |publisher=Rediff |access-date=15 January 2013 |archive-date=17 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517120357/http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/jul/09/south-review-of-madharasapattinam.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2011, she was signed by [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] to play the female lead opposite [[Prateik Babbar]] in ''[[Ekk Deewana Tha]]'' (2012), the [[Hindi]] remake of the 2010 hit [[romantic drama]] film ''[[Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa]]''. She essayed the role played by [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]] in the original, of Jessie, a [[Malayali Nasrani Christian]] who falls in love with a [[Hindu]] boy, but is prevented from pursuing the romance by her father.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Amy-Jackson-in-VTVs-Hindi-version-/articleshow/8017503.cms |title=Amy Jackson in VTV's Hindi version |date=19 April 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=22 November 2011 |archive-date=21 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054014/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-19/news-interviews/29444172_1_amy-jackson-gautham-menon-hindi-film |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was released in February 2012. Jackson received praise for her performance and for her chemistry with Babbar, with BehindWoods stating that "she has done wonders," and the Times of India saying that "she never disappoints."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Ekk-Deewana-Tha-Movie-Review/articleshow/11924748.cms |title=Ekk Deewana Tha: Movie Review |date=17 February 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=26 September 2013 |archive-date=29 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929003756/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-17/news-interviews/31070613_1_love-story-amy-jackson-alternate-endings |url-status=live}}</ref>

In September 2012, Jackson made her return to Tamil cinema with a supporting role in ''[[Thaandavam]]'' (2012), starring opposite [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]] and [[Anushka Shetty]]. She was signed for the film in 2011 and shooting took place in India and London, enabling Jackson to return to see her family and friends. It was her second collaboration with director [[A. L. Vijay]] after ''Madrasapattinam'' (2010). She played the role of Sarah Vinayagam, a British-born Anglo-Indian girl who wins the Miss London title. She received her first nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Tamil]] at the [[60th Filmfare Awards South]] ceremony.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Filmfare-Awards-2013-South-Tamil-Nominations/articleshow/20925356.cms Filmfare Awards 2013 (South) Tamil Nominations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201133431/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Filmfare-Awards-2013-South-Tamil-Nominations/articleshow/20925356.cms |date=1 February 2015 }}, ''The Times of India''</ref>

=== 2014–present: Recent work ===
[[File:Amy Jackson at Sneha Sagar Orphanage in Mumbai in 2016.jpg|right|thumb|Jackson at [[Mumbai]]'s Sneha Sagar Orphanage in March 2016]]
Jackson made her debut in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] cinema with the [[Vamshi Paidipally]]'s ''[[Yevadu]]'' (2014) alongside [[Ram Charan]] and [[Shruti Haasan]], playing the role of Shruti.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Tollywood-beckons-Amy-Jackson/articleshow/12016591.cms |title=Tollywood beckons Amy Jackson |date=24 September 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=25 February 2012 |archive-date=28 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928113200/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-24/news-interviews/31094396_1_amy-jackson-bollywood-film-telugu |url-status=live}}</ref> Jackson next starred as supermodel Diya in [[S. Shankar|Shankar]]'s [[romantic thriller]] film, whose title is simply ''[[I (2015 film)|I]]'' (2015), the biggest project in her career.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Amy-Jackson-to-romance-Vikram-in-I/articleshow/14773779.cms |title=Amy Jackson to romance Vikram in I |date=24 February 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=25 February 2012 |archive-date=18 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718045522/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-10/news-interviews/32605619_1_amy-jackson-aascar-ravichandran-vikram |url-status=live}}</ref> The making of the film, one of the most costly Indian films to date,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141004/entertainment-tollywood/article/amy-jackson-here-stay |title=Amy Jackson is here to stay |date=5 October 2014 |website=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=21 January 2015 |archive-date=10 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110002505/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141004/entertainment-tollywood/article/amy-jackson-here-stay |url-status=live}}</ref> took over two-and-a-half years, with a major part of the film being shot in China.<ref name="newindianexpress.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Amy-Checks-in/2015/01/03/article2600565.ece |title=Amy Checks in |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=21 January 2015 |archive-date=19 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119212421/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Amy-Checks-in/2015/01/03/article2600565.ece |url-status=dead}}</ref> The film was released on 14 January 2015 and received a mixed critical response, although Jackson's performance received favorable reviews.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/review-of-i-predictable-beauty-and-the-beast-tale/article6789004.ece |title=Predictable beauty and the beast tale |last=Rajendra |first=Ranjani |date=14 January 2015 |work=The Hindu |access-date=21 January 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201091213/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/review-of-i-predictable-beauty-and-the-beast-tale/article6789004.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-vikram-i-is-definitely-a-pongal-treat/20150114.htm |title=Vikram's I is definitely a Pongal treat |date=14 January 2015 |website=Rediff |access-date=21 January 2015 |archive-date=17 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117175541/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-vikram-i-is-definitely-a-pongal-treat/20150114.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' wrote that she was "simply superb. She is another highlight of the film and has given a mature performance",<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150114/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-%E2%80%98i%E2%80%99-shankars-directorial-fails-impress |title=Movie review 'I': Shankar's directorial fails to impress |date=14 January 2015 |website=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=21 January 2015 |archive-date=20 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120043622/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150114/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-%E2%80%98i%E2%80%99-shankars-directorial-fails-impress |url-status=live}}</ref> while [[Sify]] noted that she was "the biggest surprise packet in the film" and "perfect eye candy".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/i-review-tamil-15058840.html |title=Movie Review : I |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=21 January 2015 |archive-date=17 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117174107/http://www.sify.com/movies/i-review-tamil-15058840.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Consequently, she was ranked #1 in [[The Times of India]], Chennai Edition list of the most desirable women in 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Chennai-Times-Most-Desirable-Woman-2014-Amy-Jackson/articleshow/46928377.cms |title=Chennai Times Most Desirable Woman 2014: Amy Jackson |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=15 April 2015 |archive-date=19 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419233521/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Chennai-Times-Most-Desirable-Woman-2014-Amy-Jackson/articleshow/46928377.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

After ''[[I (2015 film)|I]]'' (2015), Jackson signed on to [[Prabhu Deva]]'s ''[[Singh Is Bliing]]'' (2015), opposite [[Akshay Kumar]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Amy-Jackson-A-relationship-is-too-much-drama/articleshow/48647818.cms |title=Amy Jackson: Hindi is far easier a language to pick up than Tamil |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=24 August 2015 |access-date=24 August 2015 |archive-date=31 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831180529/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Amy-Jackson-A-relationship-is-too-much-drama/articleshow/48647818.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Amy-Jackson-replaces-Kriti-Sanon-in-Akshay-Kumars-Singh-Is-Bling/articleshow/46155548.cms |title=Amy Jackson replaces Kriti Sanon in Akshay Kumar's Singh Is Bling |last=Priya Gupta |date=8 February 2015 |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=8 February 2015 |archive-date=9 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150309020854/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Amy-Jackson-replaces-Kriti-Sanon-in-Akshay-Kumars-Singh-Is-Bling/articleshow/46155548.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> She had signed on to be part of [[Venkat Prabhu]]'s supernatural thriller ''[[Masss]]'' (2015), but opted out of it later when the script and her character were changed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/amy-jackson-opens-up-on-her-exit-from-masss-news-tamil-pbcrIWfcgjajf.html |title=Amy Jackson opens up on her exit from 'Masss' |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=21 January 2015 |archive-date=4 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104173832/http://www.sify.com/movies/amy-jackson-opens-up-on-her-exit-from-masss-news-tamil-pbcrIWfcgjajf.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Instead, she signed on to [[Velraj]]'s ''[[Thanga Magan (2015 film)|Thanga Magan]]'' (2015) alongside [[Dhanush]] and [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]].

Soon after, Jackson starred in Thirukumaran's ''[[Gethu]]'' (2016), portraying an Anglo-Indian girl, for which she won positive reviews, .<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Amy-bags-films-with-Dhanush-Udhayanidhi/articleshow/45348884.cms |title=Amy bags films with Dhanush, Udhayanidhi |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=21 January 2015 |archive-date=6 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906203658/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Amy-bags-films-with-Dhanush-Udhayanidhi/articleshow/45348884.cms |url-status=live |last1=Suganth |first1=M.}}</ref> She has been shooting for a "gritty BBC drama series", on which she declined to further elaborate.<ref name="newindianexpress.com" /> She then portrayed the lead female role in [[Atlee (director)|Atlee's]] ''[[Theri (film)|Theri]]'' (2016), featured alongside [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] while portraying a Malayali teacher. Her performance received positive reviews and her role as a teacher was well appreciated. Upon release, the film went on to become one of the most profitable Tamil films of all time.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

On 25 September 2017, it was announced that Jackson had been cast in her first Hollywood role as Imra Ardeen, aka [[Saturn Girl]], in [[The CW]]'s superhero drama series ''[[Supergirl (TV series)|Supergirl]]'' (2017). The character made her first appearance in the third season.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2017/09/supergirl-bollywood-actress-amy-jackson-recur-saturn-girl-1202176567/ |title='Supergirl': Bollywood Actress Amy Jackson To Recur As Saturn Girl |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=25 September 2017 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]]|access-date=25 September 2017 |archive-date=26 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926002744/http://deadline.com/2017/09/supergirl-bollywood-actress-amy-jackson-recur-saturn-girl-1202176567/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The series, based on DC characters created by [[Jerry Siegel]] and [[Joe Shuster]], is produced by [[Berlanti Productions]] in association with [[Warner Bros. Television|Warner Bros Television]].

Jackson has played Sita in [[Prem (film director)|Prem]]'s Kannada film ''[[The Villain (2018 film)|The Villain]]'' (2018) alongside [[Shiva Rajkumar]] and [[Sudeep]]. She starred as the andro-humanoid robot Nila in [[S. Shankar|Shankar]]'s film ''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]'' (2018) alongside [[Rajinikanth]] and [[Akshay Kumar]]. After a five-year hiatus, Jackson returned to film with ''[[Mission: Chapter 1]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Lakshmi |first=V |date=7 October 2022 |title=Amy Jackson plays a British in her comeback film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/amy-jackson-plays-a-british-in-her-comeback-film/articleshow/94695430.cms |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103230442/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/amy-jackson-plays-a-british-in-her-comeback-film/articleshow/94695430.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiseman |first=Andreas |date=2023-12-03 |title=Amy Jackson On Her Bollywood Journey & Return To Acting After A Five-Year Pause — Red Sea Studio |url=https://deadline.com/video/amy-jackson-bollywood-new-movies-arjun-rampal-arjun-vijay/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203151801/https://deadline.com/video/amy-jackson-bollywood-new-movies-arjun-rampal-arjun-vijay/ |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=3 December 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Jackson is a practising [[Christian]].<ref name="Jollyhoo20122">{{Cite web |url=http://jollyhoo.com/cinema/amy-jackson%E2%80%99s-hosanna-song-gets-religious-ire |title=Amy Jackson's 'Hosanna' song gets religious ire |date=8 February 2012 |publisher=Jollyhoo |language=en |access-date=11 April 2017 |quote=However, Amy Jackson says, “I am a Christian and since the age of five I have been singing...chanting hymns containing the word Hosanna. I have been brought up in a family that is Christian and the majority of Christians in this country agree with it and there is a small number, who have a problem with it.” |archive-date=12 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412062114/http://jollyhoo.com/cinema/amy-jackson%E2%80%99s-hosanna-song-gets-religious-ire |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2017, Jackson spoke about her observance of the [[Western Christian]] liturgical season of [[Lent]] on its first day, [[Ash Wednesday]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amy-jackson-secret-countdown-rajinikanth-2-0-salman-khan-watch-videos-4552397/|title=Amy Jackson is on a secret countdown. Does it have to do with Rajinikanth’s 2.0 or Salman Khan?|last=Sonali|first=Kriti|date=3 March 2017|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|language=English|accessdate=11 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.christiantoday.com/article/the.things.these.celebrities.are.giving.up.or.not.for.lent/105148.htm|title=The Things These Celebrities Are Giving Up – Or Not – For Lent|last=Gledhill|first=Ruth|date=1 March 2017|publisher=[[Christian Today]]|language=English|accessdate=11 April 2017}}</ref>

In 2011, during the filming of ''[[Ekk Deewana Tha]]'' (2012), Jackson began a relationship with [[Prateik Babbar]], an Indian actor. They broke up in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/prateik-babbar-shares-how-breakup-with-amy-jackson-affected-him-heartbreak-at-25-hits-differently-4878974.html|title=Prateik Babbar Shares How Breakup With Amy Jackson Affected Him: 'Heartbreak at 25 Hits Differently'|date=16 March 2022|website=News18|access-date=23 March 2024|archive-date=23 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323173042/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/prateik-babbar-shares-how-breakup-with-amy-jackson-affected-him-heartbreak-at-25-hits-differently-4878974.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lalwani |first=Vickey |title=Prateik, Amy's romance comes to an end |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Prateik-Amys-romance-comes-to-an-end/movie-review/15324009.cms |access-date=8 July 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=2 August 2012}}</ref>

Jackson lived in [[Mumbai]] from 2011 to 2015, then relocated to [[London]].<ref name="dnaindia.com2">{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-amy-jackson-moves-into-her-new-place-in-mumbai-2140641 |title=Amy Jackson Moves Into Her New Place In Mumbai |date=1 November 2015 |website=[[DNA India]] |access-date=30 January 2018 |archive-date=19 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619191535/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-amy-jackson-moves-into-her-new-place-in-mumbai-2140641 |url-status=live }}</ref> She began dating hotelier George Panayiotou, the son of English-Cypriot businessman [[Andreas Panayiotou (businessman)|Andreas Panayiotou]], in December 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 January 2019 |title=Amy Jackson gets engaged to George Panayiotou |language=en-IN |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amy-jackson-gets-engaged-to-george-panayiotou-5519819/ |access-date=2 January 2019 |archive-date=2 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102130011/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amy-jackson-gets-engaged-to-george-panayiotou-5519819/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amy Jackson Gets Engaged To Multi-Millionaire Businessman Boyfriend George Panayiotou |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/amy-jackson-gets-engaged-to-multi-millionaire-businessman-boyfriend-george-panayiotou/20187173 |date=3 January 2019 |website=[Mid Day] |access-date=3 January 2019 |archive-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103112143/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/amy-jackson-gets-engaged-to-multi-millionaire-businessman-boyfriend-george-panayiotou/20187173 |url-status=live}}</ref> They became engaged in [[Zambia]] on 1 January 2019. Their son was born on 19 September 2019.<ref name="Andreas">{{Cite news |date=23 September 2019 |title=Amy Jackson and George Panayiotou welcome baby boy Andreas. See pic |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amy-jackson-and-george-panayiotou-welcome-baby-boy-andreas-see-pic-1602278-2019-09-23 |access-date=23 September 2019 |archive-date=23 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923134451/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amy-jackson-and-george-panayiotou-welcome-baby-boy-andreas-see-pic-1602278-2019-09-23 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amy Jackson is pregnant. Actress flaunts baby bump with boyfriend George Panayiotou in new post |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amy-jackson-announces-pregnancy-see-her-baby-bump-in-adorable-pic-with-fiance-george-panayiotou-1490673-2019-03-31 |date=31 March 2019 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=18 June 2019 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401161811/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amy-jackson-announces-pregnancy-see-her-baby-bump-in-adorable-pic-with-fiance-george-panayiotou-1490673-2019-03-31 |url-status=live}}</ref> The couple later broke up at an unknown date in 2021. Jackson began dating English actor [[Ed Westwick]] in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2022 |title=Amy Jackson spotted walking with Ed Westwick. Fans ask if he is her boyfriend |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amy-jackson-spotted-walking-with-ed-westwick-fans-ask-if-he-is-her-boyfriend-1945220-2022-05-04 |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=[[India Today]] |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103230447/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amy-jackson-spotted-walking-with-ed-westwick-fans-ask-if-he-is-her-boyfriend-1945220-2022-05-04 |url-status=live }}</ref> On January 29, 2024, they announced that they had gotten engaged in [[Gstaad]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2024 |title=Amy Jackson announces engagement with Gossip Girl star Ed Westwick. See dreamy pics from the proposal |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/amy-jackson-announces-engagement-with-gossip-girl-star-ed-westwick-see-dreamy-pics-from-the-proposal-101706533001990.html |access-date=29 January 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |archive-date=29 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129133907/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/amy-jackson-announces-engagement-with-gossip-girl-star-ed-westwick-see-dreamy-pics-from-the-proposal-101706533001990.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and got married in August of that year in Rocca Cilento, Campania. She later changed her name to Amy Jackson Westwick.<ref>{{Cite news |last=ANI |date=2024-08-26 |title=Amy Jackson, Ed Westwick get married in dreamy Italian wedding |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/amy-jackson-ed-westwick-get-married-in-dreamy-italian-wedding/article68567831.ece |access-date=2024-08-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=26 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826065757/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/amy-jackson-ed-westwick-get-married-in-dreamy-italian-wedding/article68567831.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> On October 31 of the same year, Jackson announced she was pregnant with her second child and first with Westwick.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2024 |title=Pics: Amy Jackson announces pregnancy with husband Ed Westwick |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/amy-jackson-pregnant-husband-ed-westwick-2626257-2024-11-01 |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> On March 24, 2025, they revealed that their son, Oscar Alexander, had been born.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 24, 2025 |title=Gossip Girl’s Ed Westwick and Wife Amy Jackson Welcome First Baby Together: ‘Words Can’t Express the Wonder’ |url=https://people.com/gossip-girl-alum-ed-westwick-welcomes-baby-with-wife-amy-11702387 |website=people.com}}</ref>

==Media image and more==
Jackson is a regular attendee at [[BAFTA]], [[Cannes Film Festival]], [[British Fashion Awards]] and International Fashion Weeks.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 February 2019 |title=Baftas 2019: diamonds are a girl's best friend on the red carpet |language=en-GB |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/jewellery/baftas-2019-best-jewellery-red-carpet/amy-jackson-baftas-2019/ |access-date=18 March 2019 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-date=19 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219000703/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/jewellery/baftas-2019-best-jewellery-red-carpet/amy-jackson-baftas-2019/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cannes 2017 red carpet: Amy Jackson sizzles in a white and gold Georges Hobeika's gown; see all her looks here |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/cannes-2017-amy-jackson-red-carpet-looks-and-style-diary-4666930/ |date=21 May 2017 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN |access-date=18 March 2019 |archive-date=26 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226123501/https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/cannes-2017-amy-jackson-red-carpet-looks-and-style-diary-4666930/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amy Jackson at British Fashion Awards in London 12/10/2018 |url=https://www.hawtcelebs.com/amy-jackson-at-british-fashion-awards-in-london-12-10-2018/ |date=14 December 2018 |website=HawtCelebs |language=en-US |access-date=18 March 2019 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012000825/https://www.hawtcelebs.com/amy-jackson-at-british-fashion-awards-in-london-12-10-2018/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amy Jackson on Instagram: "Congratssss @jw_anderson & thankyou for having me at your show!" |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BuO0YTgBOK8/ |website=[[Instagram]] |language=en |access-date=18 March 2019 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012000828/https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=/p/BuO0YTgBOK8/ |url-status=live}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=February 2024}} In 2017 she was chosen as the muse for L'Agence at The Green Carpet Fashion Awards during Milan Fashion Week. She has been featured in editorials for fashion magazines like [[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]], [[Marie Claire|Marie Clare]], [[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]], [[Elle (magazine)|ELLE]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Topics |url=https://www.vogue.in/topics/ |website=VOGUE India |language=en-US |access-date=18 March 2019 |archive-date=10 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410073502/https://www.vogue.in/topics/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amy Jackson – Marie Claire India (March 2012) |url=https://www.bollyupdates.com/amy-jackson-marie-claire-india-march-2012/ |date=16 March 2012 |website=Bollywood Updates |language=en-US |access-date=18 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118112126/http://www.bollyupdates.com/amy-jackson-marie-claire-india-march-2012/ |archive-date=18 November 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amy Jackson on Hello Magazine |url=https://www.hellomagazine.com/brides/2019022570168/amy-jackson-exclusive-proposal-talks-wedding/ |website=google.co.uk |date=25 February 2019 |access-date=18 March 2019 |archive-date=26 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226003716/https://www.hellomagazine.com/brides/2019022570168/amy-jackson-exclusive-proposal-talks-wedding/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Jackson is an ambassador and spokesperson for charities such as [[Being Human Foundation|Being Human]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Spice Girl, The Beauty Queen And Girl Power 2018-Style |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewcave/2018/11/19/the-spice-girl-the-beauty-queen-and-girl-power-2018-style/ |last=Cave |first=Andrew |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en |access-date=18 March 2019 |archive-date=21 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121014610/https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewcave/2018/11/19/the-spice-girl-the-beauty-queen-and-girl-power-2018-style/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Salman Khan & Amy Jackson's STUNNING Photoshoot For Being Human Clothing 2017 – Being Human Foundation {{!}} A Salman Khan Foundation |url=https://www.beinghumanfoundation.in/salman-khan-amy-jacksons-stunning-photoshoot-for-being-human-clothing-2017_f407e6e8d.html |website=www.beinghumanfoundation.in |access-date=18 March 2019 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012000832/https://www.beinghumanfoundation.in/salman-khan-amy-jacksons-stunning-photoshoot-for-being-human-clothing-2017_f407e6e8d.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Cash and Rocket,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cashandrocket.com/board-of-directors/amy-jackson/ |title=Amy Jackson - Cash and Rocket |access-date=29 April 2020 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012000834/https://www.cashandrocket.com/board-of-directors/amy-jackson/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[St. Jude's Hospital]] in Mumbai, and the Girl Child education program in India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/people/amy-jackson-spends-time-with-kids-at-st-judes-hospital_1983434.html |title=Amy Jackson spends time with kids at St Jude's hospital! |date=4 March 2017 |website=India.com |access-date=30 January 2018 |archive-date=19 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619213809/http://zeenews.india.com/people/amy-jackson-spends-time-with-kids-at-st-judes-hospital_1983434.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014, she posed with her rescue cat in a PETA campaign promoting the adoption of animals from shelters.

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
Film
|- style="background:#0ccccc; text-align:center;"
! Year
! Title
! Role(s)
! Language(s)
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Madrasapattinam]]'' || Amy Wilkinson / Duraiammal || rowspan="2" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || ||<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/7948126/British-teenager-becomes-Bollywood-star.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/7948126/British-teenager-becomes-Bollywood-star.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |location=London |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |title=British teenager becomes Bollywood star |date=16 August 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2012
| ''[[Thaandavam]]'' || Sara Vinayagam Pillai || ||
|-
| ''[[Ekk Deewana Tha]]''|| Jessie Thekekuthu || [[Hindi]]|| ||<ref name=":1" />
<ref name="release">{{cite web |title=Ek Deewana Tha Cast & Crew |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/547975 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107175530/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/547975 |archive-date=7 January 2012 |access-date=9 December 2011 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Yevadu]]'' || Shruthi || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/amy-jackson-opposite-ram-charan-news-news-mbxqAcecifgsi.html |title=Amy Jackson opposite Ram Charan |website=[[Sify]] |date=23 April 2012 |access-date=7 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107103116/http://www.sify.com/movies/amy-jackson-opposite-ram-charan-news-news-mbxqAcecifgsi.html |archive-date=7 January 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Amy-Jacksons-Telugu-debut/articleshow/12850878.cms |title=Amy Jackson's Telugu debut |last=Joshi |first=Tushar |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=25 April 2012 |access-date=7 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107103118/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Amy-Jacksons-Telugu-debut/articleshow/12850878.cms |archive-date=7 January 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2015
| ''[[I (2015 film)|I]]''|| Diya || Tamil || ||
|-
| ''[[Singh Is Bliing]]'' || Sara Rana || Hindi || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-18 |title=Amy Jackson: I had to pinch myself when Singh Is Bliing was offered |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/amy-jackson-i-had-to-pinch-myself-when-singh-is-bliing-was-offered/story-cBrAAKfzoHAqxhaku5o6ON.html |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-09-28 |title=Amy Jackson: 'Singh Is Bliing' my dream role |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/amy-jackson-singh-is-bliing-my-dream-role/articleshow/49137780.cms |access-date=2025-11-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-07-01 |title=Amy Jackson kicks baddies MMA style in 'Singh is Bling' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/amy-jackson-kicks-baddies-mma-style-in-singh-is-bling/articleshow/47896180.cms |access-date=2025-11-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Thanga Magan (2015 film)|Thanga Magan]]'' || Hema D'Souza || rowspan="4" | Tamil ||
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2016 || ''[[Gethu]]'' || Nandhini Ramanujan || ||
|-
| ''[[Theri (film)|Theri]]'' || Annie || ||<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5440700/fullcredits/ |title=Theri (2016) - Full cast & crew - IMDb |language=en-US |access-date=2025-11-20 |via=m.imdb.com}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Devi (2016 film)|Devi]]'' ||Jennifer || Special appearance in the song, "Chal Maar" ||
|-
| ''[[Freaky Ali]]'' || Megha || Hindi || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2018||''[[Boogie Man (2018 film)|Boogie Man]]'' || Nimisha ||[[English language|English]] || ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.desiblitz.com/content/boogie-man-disco-bollywood |title=Boogie Man: A Coming-of-Age Story with Disco and Bollywood |first=Daljinder |last=Johal |date=16 April 2018 |access-date=4 February 2023 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202111331/https://www.desiblitz.com/content/boogie-man-disco-bollywood |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Villain (2018 film)|The Villain]]'' || Sita || [[Kannada]] || ||<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A |title=Amy Jackson comes to the villain |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/may/16/amy-jackson-comes-to-the-villain-1605577.html |access-date=19 May 2017 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=17 May 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520181244/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/may/16/amy-jackson-comes-to-the-villain-1605577.html |archive-date=20 May 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |author=Srivatsan |title=The Villain: Amy Jackson to star opposite Shivrajkumar, Kichcha Sudeep |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/the-villain-amy-jackson-kannada-debut-shivrajkumar-kichcha-977865-2017-05-18 |access-date=19 May 2017 |work=[[India Today]] |date=17 May 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519064207/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/the-villain-amy-jackson-kannada-debut-shivrajkumar-kichcha/1/957170.html |archive-date=19 May 2017}}</ref>
|-
|''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]'' || Nila || rowspan="2" | Tamil || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajinikanth-Akshay Kumar-Amy Jackson Starrer 2.0 To Have A Grand Audio Launch In Dubai On October 27 – Read Details {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/rajinikanth-akshay-kumar-amy-jackson-starrer-2-0-to-have-a-grand-audio-launch-in-dubai-on-october-27-read-details-2559784/ |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2018-11-30 |title=Amy Jackson’s role in 2.0 is a ‘gust’ appearance : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/amy-jacksons-role-2-0-gust-appearance/ |access-date=2025-11-20 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2024
|''[[Mission: Chapter 1]]''
|Sandra James
|
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|''[[Crakk]]''
|Patricia Novak
|Hindi
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=ANI |date=2023-12-23 |title=Amy Jackson wraps up shooting of 'Crakk' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/amy-jackson-wraps-up-shooting-of-crakk/article67668523.ece |access-date=2024-01-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=17 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117185622/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/amy-jackson-wraps-up-shooting-of-crakk/article67668523.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+
Television
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|2017–2018
|''[[Supergirl (TV series)|Supergirl]]''
|[[Imra Ardeen (Arrowverse)|Imra Ardeen]]
|Recurring role (season 3 and 9 episodes)
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
* 2013: [[The Times of India]]'s Most Desirable Women of 2012 #22<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ww.itimes.com/times-polls/times-most-desirable-women-2012 |title=Times Most Desirable Women 2012 – Results |publisher=ITimes |access-date=20 June 2013 |archive-date=5 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305123924/http://ww.itimes.com/times-polls/times-most-desirable-women-2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 2013: [[The Times of India]]'s Most Promising Female Newcomer 2012: #7<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/The-most-promising-newcomer-female-for-2012-is/articleshow/22117759.cms |title=The most promising newcomer female for 2012 is |date=29 August 2013 |access-date=25 September 2013 |archive-date=13 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113191713/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-29/news-interviews/41539535_1_wasseypur-bollywood-august-30 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live}}</ref> (for ''Ekk Deewana Tha'')

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Amy Jackson}}
* {{Official website|http://www.iamamyjackson.co.uk}}
* {{IMDb name|id=3367112}}
* 

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jackson, Amy}}
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People educated at St Edward's College]]
[[Category:People from Douglas, Isle of Man]]
[[Category:English beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:English female models]]
[[Category:English film actresses]]
[[Category:English television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Liverpool]]
[[Category:Manx emigrants]]
[[Category:English Christians]]
[[Category:English expatriates in India]]
[[Category:British expatriate actresses in India]]
[[Category:British veganism activists]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century English actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Manx actresses]]
[[Category:English women activists]]

Pragjyotisha kingdom

2026-03-22T12:48:33Z

Jina m. butchart: Starting Basic Article Basic Info

{{about|the mythical kingdom|the historical kingdom|Kamarupa}}
{{short description|Mythological kingdom in Hinduism}}
{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Pragjyotisha kingdom
|common_name = Pragjyotisha
|capital =
|era =
|status = Legendary
|s1 =
|flag_s1 =
|s2 =
|s3 =
|s4 =
|flag_s4 =
|s5 =
|image_map = Scenes from the Story of Narakasura, Folio from a Bhagavata Purana (Ancient Stories of the Lord) LACMA M.72.3.1.jpg
|image_map_caption = A scene involving king Naraka
|government_type =
|year_start =
|year_end =
|today =
}}
{{Pragjyotisha}}
{{Assam History}}

'''Pragjyotisha''' is a mythological kingdom that is mentioned in a multitude of [[Indian epic poetry|Hindu epics]]. It came to be associated with the historical [[Kamarupa]]{{sfn|Shin|2018|p=34}} after [[Bhaskaravarman]] of the [[Varman dynasty]] by drawing his lineage from [[Narakasura|Naraka]]/[[Bhagadatta]] of the legendary Pragjyotisha to bring his peripheral kingdom closer to mainland traditions at a time when he was emerging as a powerful king with interests in North India.<ref name=":0">"Considering the historical content of the seventh century Kāmarūpa, especially during the reign of Bhāskarvarman when the Varmans was ascending to one of the important powers in north India, it appears that they projected Kāmarūpa on a larger geopolitical map by combining it with Prājyotisa, the Epic kingdom. In other words, Prājyotisa was retrieved from the ancient Epic past by the aspirant local kingship to overcome this peripherality. An elusive mythical space was brought into the actual geography of Kāmarūpa" {{harv|Shin|2018|p=38}}</ref> The identification with the mythical Naraka/Bhagadatta lineage continued to be used by the [[Mlechchha dynasty|Mlechchhas]] and [[Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)|Palas]] for roughly similar purposes.{{sfn|Shin|2018|pp=38-40}}

==Scriptures==
All early references do not locate Pragjyotisha in or around Kamarupa in [[Northeast India]].<ref>{{harv|Shin|2018|p=40}}</ref> The first mentions of this kingdom are found in the [[Ramayana]] and the [[Mahabharata]], in sections not written much earlier than the first century.<ref>"...the passages in questions may not be much earlier than the first century." {{harv|Sircar|1990|p=81}}</ref> In the ''Kishkindha Kanda'' of the former, Pragjyotisha is placed in the west near Mount Varaha on the sea.Somewhere near [[IRAQ]]<ref>{{harv|Sircar|1990|p=81}}</ref> In ''[[Ashvamedhika Parva|Aswamedha-Parva]]'' of the latter, [[Arjuna]] defeated [[Vajradatta]] of Pragjyotisha in a three-day battle near [[Punjab]] in the [[Indus River Delta|Lower Indus Valley]];<ref>{{harv|Sircar|1990|p=81}}</ref> the ''[[Harivamsa|Harivamsa Parva]]'' features multiple mentions as well.<ref>{{harv|Sax|2002|p=77}}</ref><ref>{{harv|Brodbeck|2019}}</ref> The kingdom was contemporary of [[Asura kingdom|Bana kingdom]].
As per [[Nilesh Oak]]
[[Baghdad]] may be derived from ancient king [[Bhagadatta]]

==Popular culture==
A popular mythical narrative claims that Jyotisha is the sanskritised form of ''Zuhthis'', who were (apparently) the first migrants to [[Assam]] from [[China]] — this has little historical evidence in support.<ref>{{harv|Banerjee|2010|p=89}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Mahabharata war]]
*[[Asura kingdom|Sonitpura kingdom]]
*[[Kingdoms of Ancient India]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
*{{Citation| last = Sircar| first = D C| contribution = | year = 1990| title = The Comprehensive History of Assam| editor-last = Barpujari| editor-first = H K| volume = I| pages = 79–93| place = Guwahati| publisher = Publication Board, Assam}}
* {{Citation| last = Shin| first = Jae-Eun| contribution = Region Formed and Imagined: Reconsidering temporal, spatial and social context of Kamarupa| year = 2018| title = Modern Practices in North East India: History, Culture, Representation| editor-last = Dzüvichü| editor-first = Lipokmar |editor2-last=Baruah |editor2-first=Manjeet |pages = 23–55| place = London & New York| publisher = Routledge}}
*{{Cite book|last=Sax|first=William S.|title=Dancing the Self : Personhood and Performance in the Pandav Lila of Garhwal|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2002|isbn=9780195139143|chapter=Hunting the Rhinoceros}}
*{{Cite book|last=Banerjee|first=Paula|title=Borders, Histories, Existences: Gender and Beyond|publisher=SAGE Publications|year=2010|isbn=9788132102267}}
*{{Cite book|last=Brodbeck|first=Simon|title=Krishna's Lineage : The Harivamsha of Vyasa's Mahabharata|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2019|isbn=9780190279172}}
*{{Cite book|last=Misra|first=Sanghamitra|title=Becoming a Borderland : The Politics of Space and Identity in Colonial Northeastern India|publisher=Routledge|year=2011|isbn=9780415612531|series=Transition in Northeastern India|chapter=Histories, Memories, and Identities}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Kingdoms in the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Kamarupa]]
[[Category:Pragjyotisha kingdom| ]]
[[Category:Mythological kingdoms, empires, and countries]]

Shubha (actress)

2026-03-16T21:07:36Z

Jina m. butchart: brief cleaned up content for accuracy and fixed typos

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shubha
| image =
| caption =
| occupation =
| birth_place = [[Vijayawada]], [[NTR district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| years_active = 1967–2003
| parents = [[Vedantam Raghavayya]] Suryaprabha
| relatives = [[Pushpavalli]] (aunt) [[Rekha]] (cousin)
}}
'''Shubha''' is an Indian actress who acted prominently in [[Malayalam]] films.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} She was a [[lead actress]] during the late 1970s and early 1980s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kaloor Dennis back with director Joshiy |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/article316625.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820002212/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/article316625.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 August 2012 |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=29 August 2014 |date=7 February 2012}}</ref> She also acted in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], and [[Hindi]] films.<ref>{{cite web |title=Best Shuba Movies List |url=http://www.movieslist.in/actor-actress/shubha/films |publisher=movieslist.in |access-date=29 August 2014}}</ref> She was the second lead in the cult Kannada classic ''[[Naagarahaavu]]'' (1972)''.'' For this, she received [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for the year 1972–73.

==Personal life==
She was born to Telugu film actor and director [[Vedantam Raghavayya]] and Suryaprabha, who was also an actress, in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India. She has five sisters and a brother. Her aunt [[Pushpavalli]] (Hindi actor Rekha's mother) was also a Telugu actress and was married to [[Gemini Ganeshan]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/stree-sahasamu-1951/article4470326.ece |title=Stree Sahasamu (1951) |newspaper=The Hindu |date=3 March 2013 |last1=Narasimham |first1=M. L.}}</ref> That makes Shubha a cousin of Hindi film actress [[Rekha]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Memories of the Southern Devadas |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/12/05/stories/2002120500700100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030324212303/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/12/05/stories/2002120500700100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 March 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=1 May 2015}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Malayalam===
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''[[Varavaay]]'' (2000)
* ''Avalude Janmam'' (1994)
* ''[[Sarovaram (film)|Sarovaram]]'' (1993) as Balamani
* ''[[Amina Tailors]]'' (1991) as Pathumma
* ''Avalkkoru Janmam Koodi'' (1990)) as Maheswariyamma
* ''Samarppanam'' (1987)
* ''Kaathirippinte Thudakkam'' (1987)
* ''[[Mangalya Charthu]]'' (1987) as Vasanthy
* ''[[Adukkan Entheluppam]]'' (1986) as Susimol
* ''Niramulla Ravukal'' (1986) as Radha's mother
* ''Ahalya'' (1986)
* ''[[Kaiyum Thlayum Purathidaruthe]]'' (1985) ... Leela
* ''[[Idanilangal]]'' (1985) as Madhavi
* ''[[Adhyayam Onnu Muthal]]'' (1985) as Soudamini
* ''[[Vilichu Vilikettu]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Gaayathridevi Ente Amma]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Snehicha Kuttathinu]]'' (1985) as Saraswathi
* ''[[Eeran Sandhya]]'' (1985) as Sumathi
* ''[[Vellarikka Pattanam]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Thirakkil Alppa Samayam]]'' (1984)
* ''[[Aagraham (1984 film)|Aagraham]]'' (1984)
* ''[[Panchavadi Palam]]'' (1984) as Poothana
* ''[[Aalkkoottathil Thaniye]]'' (1984) as Vishalam
* ''[[NH 47 (film)|NH 47]]'' (1984) as Ramani
* ''[[Manithali]]'' (1984) as Mariyamma
* ''[[Thacholi Thankappan]]'' (1984) as Sujatha
* ''Manasse Ninakku Mangalam'' (1984) as Meenakshi
* ''Parannu Parannu Parannu'' (1984) as Beauty Parlour Owner
* ''Swapnalokam'' (1983)
* ''[[Rugma]]'' (1983) as Gracy
* ''[[Maniyara]]'' (1983) as Ramla
* ''[[Thavalam (1983 film)|Thavalam]]'' (1983) as Thankamma
* ''[[Enne Njan Thedunnu]]'' (1983) as Malu
* ''[[Lekhayude Maranam Oru Flashback]]'' (1983) as Vishalakshi
* ''[[Nathi Muthal Nathi Vare]]'' (1983) as Jayasree
* ''Paalam'' (1983)
* ''[[Oru Madapravinte Katha]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Arabikkadal]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Vaarikuzhi]]'' (1982)
* ''Mylanchi'' (1982) as Suhara
* ''[[Keni (film)|Keni]]'' (1982) as Rajani
* ''[[Kilukilukkam]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Chiriyo Chiri]]'' (1982) as Suhara
* ''[[Ee Nadu]]'' (1982) as Sreedevi
* ''Ithiri Neram Othiri Karyam'' (1982) as Annamma
*''Niram Marunna Nimishangal'' (1982)
* ''[[Vazhikal Yaathrakkar]]'' (1981)
* ''[[Chaatta (film)|Chaata]]'' (1981) as Damayanthi
* ''Vaadaka Veettile Athidhi'' (1981)
* ''[[Sanchari]]'' (1981) as Shubha
* ''[[Theekkali]]'' (1981)
*''Njaan Ninne Marakkilla'' (Dubbed version of ''[[Naa Ninna Mareyalare]]'') - 1981
* ''[[Sphodanam]]'' (1981) as Gouri
* ''Thaaraavu'' (1981) as Neeli
* ''[[Swarangal Swapnagal]]'' (1981) as Usha
* ''[[Dhruvasangamam]]'' (1981) as Rajalakshmi
* ''[[Manassinte Theerthayathra]]'' (1981) as Arundhati
* ''[[Vayal]]'' (1981) as Karthu
* ''Meen'' (1980) as Sara
* ''[[Kochu Kochu Thettukal]]'' (1980) as Jayasree
* ''[[Air Hostess (1980 film)|Air Hostess]]'' (1980) as Sandhya
* ''[[Shishirathil Oru Vasantham]]'' (1980)
* ''[[Aniyaatha Valakal]]'' (1980) as Mini
* ''[[Idi Muzhakkam]]'' as Chirutha
* ''Karnan''
* ''Youvanam Daaham'' (1980)
* ''[[Agni Vyooham]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Ward No.7]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Vijayanum Veeranum]]'' (1979) as Malini
* ''[[Kazhukan]]'' (1979) as Malathi
* ''[[Rakthamillatha Manushyan]]'' (1979) as Sumathi
* ''[[Enikku Njaan Swantham]]'' (1979) as Meenu
* ''[[Pambaram (film)|Pambaram]]'' (1979) as Shanthi
* ''[[Ezhunirangal]]'' (1979) as Bindu
* ''[[Adipapam (1979 film)|Adipapam]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Pancharathnam]]'' (1979)
* ''Aayiram Vasanthangal'' (1979)
* ''[[Iniyethra Sandhyakal]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Bandhanam]]'' (1978) as Sarojini
* ''[[Adimakkachavadam]]'' (1978) as Ponnamma
* ''Aanayum Ambariyum''
* ''Aasramam''
* ''Tiger Salim''
* ''[[Karnaparvam]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Aarum Anyaralla]]'' (1978) as Dancer Girigiribhai
* ''[[Nakshathrangale Kaaval (film)|Nakshathrangale Kaaval]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Balapareekshanam]]'' (1978) as Raji
* ''[[Pattalam Janaki]]'' (1977)
* ''[[Udyaanalakshmi]]'' (1976)
* ''[[Devi Kanyakumari (film)|Devi Kanyakumari]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Gayathri (1973 film)|Gayathri]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Ollathu Mathi]]'' (1967)
{{div col end}}

===Tamil===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* ''[[Pattikada Pattanama]]'' (1972) - debut in Tamil as Rakkamma
* ''[[Baghdad Perazhagi]]'' (1973) as Princess Zeenat
* ''[[Sollathaan Ninaikkiren]]'' (1973) as Manjula
* ''[[Ponvandu]]'' (1973) as Rukmani
* ''Vijaya'' (1973) as Lily
* ''Maanikka Thottil'' (1974) as Lakshmi
* ''[[Raja Nagam]]'' (1974) as Margaret
* ''[[Anbai Thedi]]'' (1974) as Radha
* ''Ezhaikkum Kaalam Varum'' (1975) as Thangam
* ''Unga Veettu Kalyanam'' (1975) as Lalitha
* ''[[Manidhanum Dheivamagalam]]'' (1975) as Kalyani
* ''Enakkoru Magan Pirappan'' (1975)
* ''[[Navarathinam]]'' (1977) as Muthamma
* ''Gaslight Mangamma'' (1977) as Radha
* ''[[Thanga Rangan]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Kaali (1980 Tamil film)|Kaali]]'' (1980) as Chandra
* ''[[Chinna Poove Mella Pesu]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Poovizhi Raja]]'' (1988)
{{div col end}}

===Telugu===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* ''Kabeer Das'' (2003)
* ''[[Mama Bagunnava]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Annamayya (film)|Annamayya]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Hitler]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Alibaba Adbhuta Deepam]]''<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7XFc5qZm4A |title=ALI BABA ADBHUTA DEEPAM {{!}} TELUGU FULL MOVIE {{!}} ALI {{!}} SUBHASHRI {{!}} SRI SHANTHI {{!}} V9 VIDEOS |language=en |access-date=2024-04-01 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> (1995) as Alibaba and Chinababu's mother
* ''[[Chilakapachcha Kaapuram]]'' (1995)
* ''Sarigamalu'' (1994)
* ''[[Allari Priyudu]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Mechanic Alludu]]'' (1993) as Parvathy
* ''[[Gharana Mogudu]]'' (1992) as Raju's mother
* ''[[Antham]]'' (1992)
* ''Prema Drohi'' (1992)
* ''[[April 1st Vidudhala]]'' (1991) as Krupa Mani
* [[Mahajananiki Maradalu Pilla]] (1990)
* ''[[Ontari Poratam]]'' (1989)
* ''[[Donga Kollu]]'' (1988) as Tulasamma
* ''[[Janaki Ramudu]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Yuddha Bhoomi]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Sirivennela]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Magadheerudu]]'' (1986)
* ''Shravana Meghalu'' (1986)
* ''[[Apoorva Sahodarulu]]'' (1986)
* ''Garjana''<ref>{{Citation |title=Garjana 1985 Telugu Full Movie HD {{!}} Suman, Jayamalini, Bhanupriya |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3kVTd_GBYcU |access-date=2023-05-11 |language=en}}</ref> (1985) as Manorama Devi
* ''Maharaju'' (1985)
* ''[[Donga (film)|Donga]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Surya Chandra]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Khooni (1985 Telugu film)|Khooni]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khooni (1985) |url=https://indiancine.ma/ZWJ |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1985) as Janardhan's wife
* ''[[Vijetha (1985 film)|Vijetha]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Rustum (1984 film)|Rustum]]'' (1984) as Gowri
* ''Illalu Priyuralu'' (1984)
* ''[[Kalavari Samsaram]]'' (1982) as Sarala
* ''[[Jagannatha Rathachakralu]]''<ref>{{Citation |title=Jagannatha Ratha Chakralu Full Movie - Krishna {{!}} Jayaprada {{!}} Jaggayya {{!}} Giribabu {{!}} V9 Videos |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7xYZSrAQxw |access-date=2024-01-12 |language=en}}</ref> (1982) as Seetha
* ''[[Karthika Deepam (film)|Karthika Deepam]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Mana Voori Pandavulu]]'' (1978)
*''Kalanthakulu'' (1978)
* ''Tharam Marindi'' (1977)
* ''[[Jyothi (1976 film)|Jyothi]]'' (1976)
* ''[[Jeevana Jyothi (1975 film)|Jeevana Jyoti]]'' (1975)
* ''[[O Seeta Katha]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Amma Manasu]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Mangalya bhagyam|Mangalya Bhagyam]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangalya Bhagyam (1974) |url=https://indiancine.ma/QJH |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1974) as Mallika
* ''[[Palletoori Bava]]'' (1973) as Rangamma
* ''Guduputaani'' (1972)
{{div col end}}

===Kannada===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* ''Mahabharatha'' (1997)
* ''[[Kalyana Rekhe]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Chikkejamanru]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Bangaradantha Maga]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Rowdy & MLA]]'' (1991)
* ''Rudra Tandava'' (1990)
* ''[[Raja Kempu Roja]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Mruthyunjaya]]'' (1990)
* ''Ajay Vijay'' (1990)
* ''Mangalya'' (1990)
* ''[[Gajapathi Garvabhanga]]'' (1989)
* ''[[Nanjundi Kalyana]]'' (1989)
* ''Ravana Rajya'' (1987)
* ''Onde Goodina Hakkigalu'' (1987) as Kaveri
* ''[[Jeevana Jyothi (1987 film)|Jeevana Jyothi]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Manamecchida Hudugi]]'' (1986)
* ''Madhvacharya'' (1986)
* ''[[Anand (1986 film)|Anand]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Paduvaaralli Pandavaru]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Galate Samsara]]'' (1977)
* ''[[Maagiya Kanasu]]'' (1977)
* ''[[Mugdha Manava]]'' (1977)
* ''[[Naa Ninna Mareyalare]]'' (1976)
* ''[[Makkala Bhagya]]'' (1976)
* ''[[Phalitamsha]]'' (1976)
* ''[[Bhagya Jyothi]]'' (1975)
* ''[[Naagarahaavu]]'' (1972)
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0795552}}
* [http://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Shubha&limit=19 Shubha at MSI]
* [https://antrukandamugam.wordpress.com/2013/12/29/subha/]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shubha}}
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Karnataka State Film Award winners]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Vijayawada]]
[[Category:Actresses from Vijayawada]]

Pennaal (music series)

2026-03-15T15:01:02Z

Jina m. butchart:

{{Short description|Indian music series}}{{Orphan|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Baalyam
| cover = Sreya Jayadeep - Baalyam.jpg|caption=Sreya, the child singer of Baalyam
| alt =
| type =
| artist = [[Sreya Jayadeep]]<ref name="ref5" />
| album =
| released = {{Start date|2019|03|03}}<ref name="ref6" />
| format =
| recorded =
| studio =
| venue =
| genre =
| length =
| label =
| writer = Shyla Thomas
| composer = Gayathri Suresh
| lyricist = Shyla Thomas
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External music video
| 1 = {{YouTube|67hr6zFYDNM|Baalyam}}
| type = song
}}
}}

'''''Pennaal''''' ([[Malayalam]]: പെണ്ണാൾ), meaning "The Woman," is also the title of a Malayalam music series that features five songs, each depicting a different stage in a woman's life - childhood, adolescence, youth, motherhood, and old age. The series was conceptualized by Shyla Thomas,<ref name="ref15" /> a lyricist, media person, and technology entrepreneur, with contributions from Dr. Shani Hafees, a lyricist, author, entrepreneur and an Ayurveda doctor. Pennaal is noted as the first music series in Malayalam created entirely by women, and it explores various emotional and societal aspects of womanhood.

== Stage 1 - Baalyam (ബാല്യം) Childhood ==

The first song, 'Baalyam', was sung by well-known child artist [[Sreya Jayadeep]]<ref name="ref1" /> and was released on March 3, 2019, in connection with International Women's Day. The song, filmed in Kozhikode and surrounding areas, features Sreya herself on screen.<ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref6" /><ref name="ref7" />

'''Basic Information - Stage One - Baalyam'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Lyrics|| Shyla Thomas
|-
| Singer & Artist || [[Sreya Jayadeep]]<ref name="ref5" />
|-
| Music || Gayathri Suresh
|-
| DOP || Chinnu Kuruvilla & Sumesh Sukumaran
|-
| Programming || Jecin George
|-
| Mixing & Mastering || Renjith Rajan
|-
| Released by || [[M._Jayachandran|M.Jayachandran]] (Music Director)
|-
| Release date || 03 March 2019<ref name="ref6" />
|-
| Song Link || ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=67hr6zFYDNM Pennaal]'' on [[YouTube]]
|}

== Stage 2 - Kaumaaram (കൗമാരം) Adolescence ==
[[File:Kaumaaram Location.jpg|thumb|Surabhi gets artist ready at the location of Kaumaaram]]
[[File:The lead role of Kaumaaram .jpg|thumb|Meenakshi Binish, plays the lead role in Kaumaaram]]
After Baalyam, Kaumaaram (Adolescence) was released on July 26, 2019, under the direction of National award-winning actress Surabhi Lakshmi, marking her directorial debut. The song portrays a girl's surreal thoughts, influenced by the traditional art form Nangiarkoothu. Promoted by prominent artists, the production featured contributions from cinematographer Pappinu and sound designer Renganath Ravee. Written by Shyla Thomas<ref name="ref19" /> and composed by Gayathri Suresh, it was performed by Dr. Shani Hafees and filmed in Edamalayar and Kakkayam.<ref name="ref3" /><ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref8" /><ref name="ref9" /><ref name="ref11" /><ref name="ref18" />
 

'''Basic Information - Stage Two - Kaumaaram'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Direction|| [[Surabhi Lakshmi]] (Debut Direction)
|-
| Lyrics|| Shyla Thomas
|-
| Singer || Dr. Shani Hafees
|-
| Music || Gayathri Suresh
|-
| DOP || Pappinu
|-
| Programming || Jecin George
|-
| Sound Design || [[Renganaath_Ravee|Renganath Ravee]]
|-
| Sound Engineer || Vaitheeswaran Sankaran
|-
| Mixing & Mastering || Renjith Rajan
|-
| On Screen artists || Meenakshi Binesh, Dr. Indhu G, Kalamandalam Aswathy Aneesh, Margi Visishta, Margi Aswathy
|-
| Released by || Tovino Thomas, Miya, Anu Sithara, Aishwarya Lakshmi, Nimisha Sajayan and Samyuktha Menon
|-
| Release date || 26 July 2019
|-
| Song Link || https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Em9Lyq16GR4
|}

== Stage 3 - Youvanam (യൗവനം) Youth ==

{{Infobox song
| name = Youvanam
| cover = Dhanya Ananya and Aami play lead roles.jpg|caption=Dhanya Ananya and Aami play lead roles in Youvanam song
| alt =
|type=
| artist = Dr. Shani Hafees
| album =
| released = {{Start date|2020|03|01}}
| format =
| recorded =
| studio =
| venue =
| genre =
| length =
| label =
| writer = Shyla Thomas
| composer = Madhuvanthi Narayan
| lyricist = Dr. Shani Hafees
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|5xD3Nvo-JnI|Youvanam}}
| type = single
| header = Music videos
}}
}}
[[File:Handloom in Youvanam.jpg|thumb|Youvanam portrays life of a girl working in Handloom Industry]]
Youvanam is the third song in the Pennaal series, focusing on the life of a village girl working in the handloom industry, who reflects on a past love affair. The visuals highlight the weaving process, while also paying tribute to the declining handloom industry. Directed by Shyla Thomas, the song was written and sung by Dr. Shani Hafees with music by Maduvanthi Narayan. Actress Asha Sarath released the first look poster, and Malayalam actor Mohanlal launched the song on March 1, 2020.<ref name="ref10" />
<ref name="ref14" />
 

'''Basic Information - Stage Three - Youvanam'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Direction|| Shyla Thomas
|-
| Lyrics & Singer || Dr. Shani Hafees
|-
| Music || Madhuvanthi Narayan
|-
| DOP || Pappinu
|-
| Programming || Vijay
|-
| Sound Design || [[Renganaath_Ravee|Renganath Ravee]]
|-
| Sound Engineer || Vaitheeswaran Sankaran
|-
| Mixing & Mastering || Sujith Sreedhar, 2BQ Studios, Chennai
|-
| Flute || Vishnu Vijay
|-
| Location & Support || Shobha Viswanath, Weaver's Village
|-
| On Screen artists || Dhanya Ananya, Aami, Shini V, Anamika V Roy
|-
| Released by || [[Mohanlal]]
|-
| Release date || 01 March 2020
|-
| Song Link || https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xD3Nvo-JnI
|}

== Stage 4 - Maathruthvam (മാതൃത്വം) Motherhood ==
Maathruthvam is the fourth song in the Pennaal series, exploring the theme of motherhood. The song depicts a daughter reminiscing about her mother's care and affection through a series of scenes, as she revisits her now-empty ancestral home to relive the past. Maathruthvam has received attention in Malayalam media for its portrayal of these emotional memories and its unique features.<ref name="ref16" /><ref name="ref17" />
[[File:Maathruthvam Screen.jpg|thumb|Indian National award winner Savithri Sreedharan and actress Renju Govind - a scene from Maathruthvam song video]]

'''Basic Information - Stage Four - Maathruthvam'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Lyrics & Direction || Shyla Thomas<ref name="ref19" />
|-
| Singer || Dr.Shani Hafees
|-
| Creative Director || [[Surabhi Lakshmi]]
|-
| Music || Gayathri Suresh
|-
| DOP || Sumesh Sukumaran
|-
| Chief Associate Director || Jithu K Jayan
|-
| Editing || Rizal Jainy & Aravind Gopal
|-
| Programming || Jecin George
|-
| Mixing & Mastering || Renjith Rajan
|-
| Violin || Roopa Revathi
|-
| Veena || Vaibhavi R
|-
| On Screen artists || [[Savithri Sreedharan]], Renju Govind, Sumitha Akhil, Baby Almithra Akhil
|-
| Poster Released by || [[Pearle Maaney]]
|-
| Song Release date || 16 October 2020
|-
| Song Link || https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RnOmrAoiBg4
|}

== Stage 5 - Vaardhakyam (വാർദ്ധക്യം) Old age ==
Vaardhakyam (Old Age), the fifth stage of the Pennaal series, was released on March 15, 2023, by Kerala MLA and former Health Minister KK Shailaja at the Different Art Centre in Trivandrum. The song portrays an elderly woman, a cancer survivor, rediscovering her passion for dance while interacting with differently-abled children and their mothers. The transformation in her life is captured through soothing lyrics and music, emphasizing themes of nostalgia, resilience, and joy in old age.

'''Basic Information - Stage Five - Vaardhakyam'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Lyrics & Direction || Shyla Thomas
|-
| Music & Singer || [[Sithara_(singer) | Sithara Krishnakumar]]
|-
| On Screen artists || Leela Samson, Shyla Thomas, RJ Sumi, Children and mothers of Different Art Centre
|-
| Venue || Different Art Centre (An initiative by [[Gopinath Muthukad]] for the differently abled children)
|-
| Release date || 15 March 2023
|-
| Released by || KK Shailaja Teacher
|-
| Song Link || https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKbtnxAcbXQ
|}

== The women within Pennaal ==
A group of women collaborated on the Pennaal<ref name="ref20" /> project, contributing to various aspects of its creation. Key contributors included Shyla Thomas, Dr. Shani Hafees, Surabhi Lakshmi, Gayathri Suresh, Chinnu Kuruvilla, Madhuvanthi Narayan, Smitha Saleem, Archana Gopinath, and Devi Manoj. These women played significant roles in writing, direction, music, and production, collectively shaping the project.<ref name="ref12" /><ref name="ref13" />

[[File:PennaalPosters.jpg|thumb|left]]

== Trivia ==
The Pennaal music series, consisting of five songs representing the major milestones of a woman's life, is considered the first of its kind in the Malayalam music industry.<ref name="ref21" /> Each stage is depicted through a thematic video that highlights either a traditional art form or a specific industry.

== References ==

<references>

<ref name=ref1>[https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/music/2019/03/08/sreya-jayadeep-music-video-baalyam.html Teen singer Sreya lauds woman's childhood in latest album...]</ref>
<ref name=ref2>[http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/press-releases/190308-sreya-jayadeeps-song-about-womans Sreya Jayadeep's song about woman's childhood impresses music lovers]</ref>
<ref name=ref3>[https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2019/aug/03/her-multihued-dreams-2013254.html Her multihued dreams]</ref>
<ref name=ref4>[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/290719/shades-of-womanhood.html Shades of womanhood | Deccan Chronicle]</ref>
<ref name=ref5>[https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/sreya-jayadeep-s-song-pennaal-is-about-woman-s-childhood-1.3630741 Sreya Jayadeep's song Pennaal is about woman's childhood | Mathrubhumi]</ref>
<ref name=ref6>[https://www.vanitha.in/celluloid/gossips/sreya-jayadeep-pennal-song.html First song of Pennaal - Baalyam released | Vanitha]</ref>
<ref name=ref7>[https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/music/sreya-jayadeep-s-song-about-woman-s-childhood-impresses-music-lovers-1.3630744 വനിതാദിനത്തില്‍ 'പെണ്ണാളു'മായി ശ്രേയ ജയദീപ്‌ | Mathrubhumi]</ref>
<ref name=ref8>[https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/movies-surabhi-lekshmi-directed-music-video-pennal-143923.html വ്യത്യസ്ത ജീവിത ഘട്ടങ്ങളിലെ 'പെണ്ണാൾ'; സുരഭി ലക്ഷ്മിയുടെ സംവിധാനത്തിൽ | News18]</ref>
<ref name=ref9>[https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/surabhi-lakshmi-on-her-debut-direction/article28853621.ece വ്യത്യസ്ത ജീവിത ഘട്ടങ്ങളിലെ 'പെണ്ണാൾ'; Surabhi Lakshmi's 'Kaumaaram' gains acclaim | The Hindu]</ref>
<ref name=ref10>[https://www.madhyamam.com/music/music-live/pennal-music-series-music-news/666734 ‘പെണ്ണാൾ’ മ്യൂസിക് സിരീസിലെ യൗവന ഗാനം എത്തി. | Madhyamam Daily]</ref>
<ref name=ref11>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/kaumaaram-song-directed-by-actress-surabhi-lakshmi-is-aesthetic-in-every-sense/articleshow/70409219.cms Kaumaaram song directed by actress Surabhi Lakshmi is aesthetic in every sense | Times of India]</ref>
<ref name=ref12>[https://www.facebook.com/News18Kerala/videos/908817326201669 Interview with Pennaal team on News18 channel]</ref>
<ref name=ref13>[https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/interviews/2020/03/07/pennal-music-video-special-interview.html പാട്ടിന്റെ പിന്നണിയിൽ സ്ത്രീകൾ മതിയെന്നു ഞങ്ങൾ തീരുമാനിച്ചു'; 'പെണ്ണാൾ' പിറന്നതിനു പിന്നിൽ... | Manorama Online]</ref>
<ref name=ref14>[https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/youvanam-a-music-video-pays-a-tribute-to-youth/article31098482.ece Young and in love - The Hindu newspaper report]</ref>
<ref name=ref15>[https://www.vanitha.in/justin/pennal-music-album-special.html Pennaal-Shyla Thomas in spotlight - Vanitha Magazine article]</ref>
<ref name=ref16>[https://www.manoramaonline.com/global-malayali/gulf/2020/10/17/Maathruthvam-is-part-four-of-PENNAAL.html Pennaal-മാതൃത്വത്തിന്റെ മഹനീയത ഓർമിപ്പിച്ച് പെണ്ണാൾ... - Malayala Manorama]</ref>
<ref name=ref17>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHDp4XRXngI&feature=youtu.be പെണ്ണാള്‍ മ്യൂസിക് സീരീസിലെ നാലാമത് ഗാനം പുറത്ത് | PENNAL MUSIC ALBUM | മാതൃത്വം - Media One Channel]</ref>
<ref name=ref18>[https://www.surabhilakshmi.com/news/surabhis-directorial-debut-kaumaaram-music-video-launched/ Surabhi’s directorial debut “Kaumaaram” – music video launched - surabhilakshmi.com]</ref>
<ref name=ref19>[https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2020/oct/27/see-the-world-ofa-woman-throughseries-of-music-videos-byshyla-thomas-2215310.html/ See the world of a woman through series of music videos by Shyla Thomas - The New Indian Express]</ref>
<ref name=ref20>[https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/malayalam-songs/a-musical-journey-through-the-milestones-of-her-life-pennaal-describes-the-journey-of-a-woman-through-their-musical-videos/articleshow/78966127.cms ബാല്യവും കൗമാരവും യൗവനവും മാതൃത്വവും കഴിഞ്ഞു ഇനി വാർധക്യം; വിശേഷങ്ങളുമായി 'പെണ്ണാള്‍' സംഘം - Samayam - Times of India Malayalam]</ref>
<ref name=ref21>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZfDrgcDapo Interview with Shyla Thomas about Pennaal project on News18 Kerala channel]</ref>

</references>

[[Category:Malayalam music]]
[[Category:Kerala music|Kerala music]]

1987 Cricket World Cup

2026-03-09T07:10:50Z

Jina m. butchart:

{{short description|Fourth edition of the Cricket World Cup}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 1987 Cricket World Cup
| image = 1987 Cricket World Cup Logo.svg
| imagesize = 160px
| administrator = [[International Cricket Council|International Cricket Conference]]
| cricket format = [[One Day International]]
| tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Double round-robin]] and [[Single-elimination tournament|Knockout]]
| host = {{ubl|India|Pakistan}}
| champions = {{cr|AUS}}
| count = 1
| runner up = {{cr|ENG}}
| participants = 8
| matches = 27
| attendance =
| player of the series =
| most runs = {{cricon|ENG}} [[Graham Gooch]] (471)
| most wickets = {{cricon|AUS}} [[Craig McDermott]] (18)
| previous_year= 1983
| previous_tournament=1983 Cricket World Cup
| next_year= 1992
| next_tournament=1992 Cricket World Cup
| fromdate = 8 October
| todate = 8 November 1987
}}
The '''1987 Cricket World Cup''' (officially known as the '''Reliance Cup 1987''' for sponsorship reasons) was the fourth [[Cricket World Cup]]. It was held from 8 October to 8 November 1987 in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] – the first such tournament to be held outside [[England]]. The [[One Day International|one-day]] format was unchanged from the eight-team [[1983 Cricket World Cup|1983 event]] except for a reduction in the number of [[Over (cricket)|over]]s a team played from 60 to 50, the current standard for all ODIs.

The competition was won, for the first time, by [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] who defeated their arch-rivals [[England national cricket team|England]] by seven runs in the second-most closely fought World Cup final to date in [[Kolkata]]'s [[Eden Gardens]] stadium. The two host nations, [[India national cricket team|India]] and [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] failed to reach the final, after both being eliminated in the semi-finals. The [[West Indies national cricket team|West Indies]] failed to live up to expectations and did not advance from the group stage.<ref>{{cite web|title=The gracious Mr Walsh|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wctimeline/content/story/500463.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=5 April 2011|access-date=5 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318175903/http://www.espncricinfo.com/wctimeline/content/story/500463.html|archive-date=18 March 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Format==
The format of the competition was two groups of four teams each team playing each other twice in 50-over matches. The top two teams from each group would advance to the semi-finals where the two winners would then advance to the final. All matches were played during daytime and– for the final time in the tournament's history– saw the teams appear in traditional white clothing and use traditional red balls as used in Test/First Class matches.

==Qualification==
{{See also|1986 ICC Trophy}}
The ICC decreed that all seven eligible countries holding [[Test cricket|Test status]] would automatically qualify for the tournament. One additional place would be awarded to the winners of the [[1986 ICC Trophy]]. For the second consecutive tournament this was [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]], who defeated [[Netherlands national cricket team|the Netherlands]].
[[File:1987 Cricket World Cup participating nations.svg|thumb|269x269px|Highlighted are the countries to participate in the 1987 Cricket World Cup.{{legend|#0000ff|Qualified as [[List of International Cricket Council members#Full Members|full member of ICC]]}}{{legend|#00cc00|Qualified via [[1986 ICC Trophy]]}}{{legend|#ffcc00|Failed to qualify}}]]
The following eight teams participated in the tournament:
* {{cr|Australia}}
* {{cr|England}}
* {{cr|India}} (co-hosts)
* {{cr|New Zealand}}
* {{cr|Pakistan}} (co-hosts)
* {{cr|Sri Lanka}}
* {{cr|West Indies}}
* {{cr|Zimbabwe}}

==Venues==
{{Location map+|India|width=350|float=right|caption=Venues in India |places=
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=22|lat_min=33|lon_deg=88|lon_min=20|position=left |label=[[Kolkata|Calcutta]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=28|lat_min=38|lon_deg=77|lon_min=14|position=left |label=[[Delhi]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=23|lat_min=05|lon_deg=72|lon_min=35|position=top |label=[[Ahmedabad]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=13|lat_min=03|lon_deg=80|lon_min=16|position=right |label=[[Chennai|Madras]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=22|lat_min=41|lon_deg=75|lon_min=44|position=bottom |label=[[Indore]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=21|lat_min=09|lon_deg=79|lon_min=04|position=right |label=[[Nagpur]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=12|lat_min=97|lon_deg=77|lon_min=35|position=left |label=[[Bangalore]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=18|lat_min=53|lon_deg=72|lon_min=49|position=left |label=[[Mumbai]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=17|lat_min=00|lon_deg=78|lon_min=50|position=left |label=[[Hyderabad]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=20|lat_min=27|lon_deg=85|lon_min=52|position=right |label=[[Cuttack]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=30|lat_min=08|lon_deg=76|lon_min=06|position=top|label=[[Chandigarh]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=18|lat_min=28|lon_deg=73|lon_min=47|position=right |label=[[Pune]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=26|lat_min=54|lon_deg=75|lon_min=48|position=left |label=[[Jaipur]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=26|lat_min=27|lon_deg=80|lon_min=20|position=right |label=[[Kanpur]]}}
}}
{{Location map+|Pakistan|width=350|float=right|caption=Venues in Pakistan|places=
{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat_deg=34|lat_min=01|lon_deg=71|lon_min=35|position=left |label=[[Peshawar]]}}
{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat_deg=31|lat_min=33|lon_deg=74|lon_min=20|position=bottom|label=[[Lahore]]}}
{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat_deg=31|lat_min=22|lon_deg=73|lon_min=5|position=left |label=[[Faisalabad]]}}
{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat_deg=32|lat_min=09|lon_deg=74|lon_min=11|position=right |label=[[Gujranwala]]}}
{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat_deg=24|lat_min=51|lon_deg=67|lon_min=00|position=left |label=[[Karachi]]}}
{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat_deg=33|lat_min=36|lon_deg=73|lon_min=02|position=right |label=[[Rawalpindi]]}}
{{Location map~|Pakistan|lat_deg=25|lat_min=36|lon_deg=68|lon_min=02|position=right |label=[[Hyderabad, Sindh |Hyderabad]]}}
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Venue!!City!!Capacity!!Matches
|-
!colspan=4|India
|-
|[[Eden Gardens]]||[[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]]||120,000||2
|-
|[[Wankhede Stadium]]||[[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]]||45,000||2
|-
|[[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]]||[[Chennai|Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]]||50,000||2
|-
|[[Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, Hyderabad|Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium]]||[[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]||30,000||1
|-
|[[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]]||[[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]]||45,000||1
|-
|[[Nehru Stadium, Indore|Nehru Stadium]]||[[Indore]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]||25,000||1
|-
|[[Arun Jaitley Ground]]||[[Delhi]]||48,000||1
|-
|[[Sardar Patel Stadium (Gujarat)|Sardar Patel Stadium]]||[[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]]||48,000||1
|-
|[[Sector 16 Stadium]]||[[Chandigarh]], [[Punjab (Indian state)|Punjab]]-[[Haryana]]||48,000||1
|-
|[[Barabati Stadium]]||[[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]]||25,000||1
|-
|[[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]]||[[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]]||40,000||1
|-
|[[Green Park Stadium|Green Park]]||[[Kanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]||40,000||1
|-
|[[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]]||[[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]]||30,000||1
|-
|[[Nehru Stadium, Pune|Nehru Stadium]]||[[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]]||25,000||1
|-
!colspan=4|Pakistan
|-
|[[Iqbal Stadium]]||[[Faisalabad]], [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]]||25,000||1
|-
|[[Jinnah Stadium (Gujranwala)|Municipal Stadium]]||[[Gujranwala]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]||20,000||1
|-
|[[Niaz Stadium]]||[[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]], [[Sindh]]||15,000||1
|-
|[[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]]||[[Karachi, Sindh|Karachi]], [[Sindh]]||45,000||3
|-
|[[Gaddafi Stadium]]||[[Lahore]], [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]]||35,000||2
|-
|[[Arbab Niaz Stadium]]||[[Peshawar]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]||25,000||1
|-
|[[Pindi Club Ground]]||[[Rawalpindi]], [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] ||25,000||1
|}

==Squads==
{{Main|1987 Cricket World Cup squads}}

==Group stage==

===Group A===
{{main|1987 Cricket World Cup Group A}}

{{:1987 Cricket World Cup Group A}}

{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =9 October 1987 |bg=#eee
| team1 ={{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 270/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 269 (49.5 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|IND}}
| result=[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group A#Australia vs India|Australia won by 1 run]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65093.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|MA Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai|Madras]], India
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =10 October 1987
| team1 ={{cr-rt|NZL}}
| score1 = 242/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 239 (49.4 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|ZIM}}
| result = [[1987 Cricket World Cup Group A#New Zealand vs Zimbabwe|New Zealand won by 3 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65094.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, Hyderabad|Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium]], [[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]], India
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =13 October 1987 |bg=#eee
| team1 ={{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 235/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 139 (42.4 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|ZIM}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group A#Australia vs Zimbabwe|Australia won by 96 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65096.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|MA Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai|Madras]], India
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =14 October 1987
| team1 ={{cr-rt|IND}}
| score1 = 252/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 236/8 (50 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|NZL}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group A#India vs New Zealand|India won by 16 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65098.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]], India
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =17 October 1987 |bg=#eee
| team1 ={{cr-rt|ZIM}}
| score1 = 135 (44.2 overs)
| score2 = 136/2 (27.5 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|IND}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group A#Zimbabwe vs India|India won by 8 wickets]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65101.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai|Bombay]], India
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =18 October 1987
| team1 ={{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 199/4 (30 overs)
| score2 = 196/9 (30 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|NZL}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group A#Australia vs New Zealand|Australia won by 3 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65102.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Nehru Stadium, Indore|Nehru Stadium]], [[Indore]], India
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =22 October 1987 |bg=#eee
| team1 ={{cr-rt|IND}}
| score1 = 289/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 233 (49 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|AUS}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group A#India vs Australia|India won by 56 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65105.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla]], [[Delhi]], India
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =23 October 1987
| team1 ={{cr-rt|ZIM}}
| score1 = 227/5 (50 overs)
| score2 = 228/6 (47.4 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|NZL}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group A#Zimbabwe vs New Zealand|New Zealand won by 4 wickets]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65106.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], India
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =26 October 1987 |bg=#eee
| team1 ={{cr-rt|ZIM}}
| score1 = 191/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 194/3 (42 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|IND}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group A#Zimbabwe vs India|India won by 7 wickets]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65109.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera|Sardar Patel Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]], India
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =27 October 1987
| team1 ={{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 251/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 234 (48.4 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|NZL}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group A#Australia vs New Zealand|Australia won by 17 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65110.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sector 16 Stadium]], Chandigarh, India
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =30 October 1987 |bg=#eee
| team1 ={{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 266/5 (50 overs)
| score2 = 196/6 (50 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|ZIM}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group A#Australia vs Zimbabwe|Australia won by 70 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65111.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Barabati Stadium]], [[Cuttack]], India
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =31 October 1987
| team1 ={{cr-rt|NZL}}
| score1 = 221/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 224/1 (32.1 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|IND}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group A#New Zealand vs India|India won by 9 wickets]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65114.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground|VCA Ground]], [[Nagpur]], India
}}

===Group B===
{{main|1987 Cricket World Cup Group B}}

{{:1987 Cricket World Cup Group B}}

{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =8 October 1987 |bg=#eee
| team1 ={{cr-rt|PAK}}
| score1 = 267/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 252 (49.2 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|SRI}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group B#Pakistan vs Sri Lanka|Pakistan won by 15 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65091.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Niaz Stadium]], [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]], Pakistan
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =9 October 1987
| team1 ={{cr-rt|WIN}}
| score1 = 243/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 246/8 (49.3 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|ENG}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group B#West Indies vs England|England won by 2 wickets]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65092.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Jinnah Stadium (Gujranwala)|Municipal Stadium]], [[Gujranwala]], Pakistan
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =13 October 1987[[#Note 1|1]]|bg=#eee
| team1 ={{cr-rt|PAK}}
| score1 = 239/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 221 (48.4 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|ENG}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group B#Pakistan vs England|Pakistan won by 18 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65095.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Pindi Club Ground]], [[Rawalpindi]], Pakistan
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =13 October 1987
| team1 ={{cr-rt|WIN}}
| score1 = 360/4 (50 overs)
| score2 = 169/4 (50 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|SRI}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group B#West Indies vs Sri Lanka|West Indies won by 191 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65097.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]], Pakistan
}}

{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =16 October 1987 |bg=#eee
| team1 ={{cr-rt|WIN}}
| score1 = 216 (49.3 overs)
| score2 = 217/9 (50 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|PAK}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group B#West Indies vs Pakistan|Pakistan won by 1 wicket]]
| venue = [[Gaddafi Stadium]], [[Lahore]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65099.html Scorecard]
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =17 October 1987
| team1 ={{cr-rt|ENG}}
| score1 = 296/4 (50 overs)
| score2 = 158/8 (45 overs)[[#Note 2|2]]
| team2 ={{cr|SRI}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group B#England vs Sri Lanka|England won by 108 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65100.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Arbab Niaz Stadium]], [[Peshawar]], Pakistan
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =20 October 1987 |bg=#eee
| team1 ={{cr-rt|ENG}}
| score1 = 244/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 247/3 (49 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|PAK}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group B#England vs Pakistan|Pakistan won by 7 wickets]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65103.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]], Pakistan
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =21 October 1987
| team1 ={{cr-rt|WIN}}
| score1 = 236/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 211/8 (50 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|SRI}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group B#West Indies vs Sri Lanka|West Indies won by 25 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65104.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Green Park Stadium|Green Park]], [[Kanpur]], India
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =25 October 1987 |bg=#eee
| team1 ={{cr-rt|PAK}}
| score1 = 297/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 184/8 (50 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|SRI}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group B#Pakistan vs Sri Lanka|Pakistan won by 113 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65107.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Iqbal Stadium]], [[Faisalabad]], Pakistan
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =26 October 1987
| team1 ={{cr-rt|ENG}}
| score1 = 269/5 (50 overs)
| score2 = 235 (48.1 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|WIN}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group B#England vs West Indies|England won by 34 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65108.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]], India
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =30 October 1987 |bg=#eee
| team1 ={{cr-rt|SRI}}
| score1 = 218/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 219/2 (41.2 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|ENG}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group B#Sri Lanka vs England|England won by 8 wickets]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65112.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Nehru Stadium, Pune|Nehru Stadium]], [[Poona]], India
}}
{{Cricket Match Summary
| date =30 October 1987
| team1 ={{cr-rt|WIN}}
| score1 = 258/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 230/9 (50 overs)
| team2 ={{cr|PAK}}
| result =[[1987 Cricket World Cup Group B#West Indies vs Pakistan|West Indies won by 28 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65113.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]], Pakistan
}}
*{{anchor|Note 1}}Note 1: This match was scheduled for 12 October but abandoned without play due to rain. The reserve day was instead used.
*{{anchor|Note 2}}Note 2: Rain interrupted the Sri Lanka innings; their target was reduced to 267 in 45 overs by the [[Average Run Rate method]].

==Knockout stage==
{{Main|1987 Cricket World Cup knockout stage}}

{{Round4


|4 November – [[Lahore]], Pakistan|'''{{cr|AUS}}'''|'''267/8'''|{{cr|PAK}}|249
|5 November – [[Mumbai|Bombay]], India|'''{{cr|ENG}}'''|'''254/6'''|{{cr|IND}}|219

|8 November – [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], India|'''{{cr|AUS}}'''|'''253/5'''|{{cr|ENG}}|246/8}}

===Semi-finals===
Australia won the toss and chose to bat. The Australian batsmen got off to a very good start, and they scored fluently, with [[David Boon]] (65 from 91 balls, 4 fours) top scoring, and making an 82 run second-wicket partnership with DM Jones. Australia were looking to reach 300 with strong batting before [[Imran Khan]] took 3 wickets for 17 runs in 5 overs. Australia lost 4/31, but a high number of extras (34) from the Pakistani bowlers, as well as the solid batting from earlier on, brought Australia to 267 (8 wickets, 50 overs).
Pakistan started badly, falling to 3/38. Imran Khan (58 from 84 balls, 4 fours) and [[Javed Miandad]] (70 from 103 balls, 4 fours) shared a partnership of 112 runs in 26 overs. However, with the required run rate at 7.87 runs when Miandad fell, there was just too much for the upcoming batsmen to do, and Pakistan lost 6/99 as they were bowled all out for 249 (all out, 49 overs). Earlier Steve Waugh scored 18 runs off the 50th over bowled by Saleem Jaffar and ironically Pakistan lost the match by 18 runs.

{{Cricket match summary |bg=#eee
| date = 4 November 1987
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 267/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 249 (49 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| result = [[1987 Cricket World Cup knockout stage#Australia vs Pakistan|Australia won by 18 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/65115.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gaddafi Stadium]], [[Lahore]], Pakistan
}}

India won the toss and chose to field. After reaching 2/79, [[Graham Gooch]] (115 from 136 balls, 11 fours) and captain [[Mike Gatting]] (56 from 62 balls, 5 fours) shared a partnership of 117 runs in 19 overs. After Gooch was finally stumped, 51 more runs were added, and England reached 254 (6 wickets, 50 overs).
India made a bad start, falling to 3/73. The middle order scored fluently, with [[Mohammed Azharuddin]], (64 from 74 balls, 7 fours) top scoring. Before Azharuddin was removed lbw by [[Eddie Hemmings (cricketer)|Eddie Hemmings]], India were at 5/204, needing 50 runs from the last 10 overs, with 5 wickets in hand, and it looked like it would be a very close game. However, the middle and tailend order for India collapsed, as India lost 5/15. India were eventually bowled all out for 219 (all out, 45.3 overs), giving England both a berth in the final and a measure of revenge for the loss they suffered to India in the [[1983 Cricket World Cup#Semi-finals|semi-final of the World Cup four years earlier]] in England.

{{Cricket match summary
| date = 5 November 1987
| team1 = {{cr-rt|ENG}}
| score1 = 254/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 219 (45.3 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| result = [[1987 Cricket World Cup knockout stage#England vs India|England won by 35 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/65116.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Bombay]], India
}}

===Final===
{{Main|1987 Cricket World Cup Final}}

Australia won the toss and chose to bat. [[David Boon]] (75 from 125 balls, 7 fours) top-scored for Australia, whose batsmen scored fluently. Australia posted 253 (5 wickets, 50 overs). [[Mike Veletta]] (45 from 31 balls, 6 fours) cut loose late in the innings, as Australia scored 65 runs from the last six overs of their innings.
In the English reply, opener [[Tim Robinson (English cricketer)|Tim Robinson]] was out [[Leg before wicket|LBW]] for a first ball duck. [[Bill Athey]] (58 from 103 balls, 2 fours) top-scored, and England were almost on target, when captain [[Mike Gatting]] (41 from 45 balls, 3 fours, 1 six) handed back the initiative with the loss of his wicket, going for a reverse sweep which ended a growing partnership of 69 runs in 13 overs between him and Athey. [[Allan Lamb]] (45 from 55 balls, 4 fours) also posted a great innings, but it was in vain as the required run-rate for England began to rise. When England failed to score the last 17 runs from the final over, the cup went to Australia.

{{Cricket match summary |bg=#eee
| date = 8 November 1987
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 253/5 (50 overs)
| score2 = 246/8 (50 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|ENG}}
| result = [[1987 Cricket World Cup knockout stage#Final|Australia won by 7 runs]]
| scorecard = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/65117.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], India
}}

==Statistics==
{{main|1987 Cricket World Cup statistics}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Leading run scorers<ref>{{cite web |title=Most runs |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=617;type=tournament |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=11 April 2022 }}</ref>
|-
! Matches !! Player !! Team !! Runs
|-
|align=center| 8 || [[Graham Gooch]] || {{cr|ENG}} || 471
|-
|align=center| 8 || [[David Boon]] || {{cr|AUS}} || 447
|-
|align=center| 8 || [[Geoff Marsh]] || {{cr|AUS}} || 428
|-
|align=center| 6 || [[Viv Richards]] || {{cr|WIN}} || 391
|-
|align=center| 8 || [[Mike Gatting]] || {{cr|ENG}} || 354
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Leading wicket takers<ref>{{cite web |title=Most wickets |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=617;type=tournament |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=11 April 2022 }}</ref>
|-
! Matches !! Player !! Team !! Wickets
|-
|-
|align=center| 8 || [[Craig McDermott]] || {{cr|AUS}} || 18
|-
|align=center| 7 || [[Imran Khan]] || {{cr|PAK}} || 17
|-
|align=center| 6 || [[Patrick Patterson (cricketer)|Patrick Patterson]] || {{cr|WIN}} || 14
|-
|align=center| 7 || [[Maninder Singh (cricketer)|Maninder Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || 14
|-
|align=center| 6 || [[Eddie Hemmings (cricketer)|Eddie Hemmings]] || {{cr|ENG}} || 13
|}

The first [[List of One Day International cricket hat-tricks|hat-trick]] in Cricket World Cup history was taken by [[Chetan Sharma]] of India during [[1987 Cricket World Cup Group A#New Zealand vs India|their final group match against New Zealand]]. He clean bowled [[Ken Rutherford (cricketer)|Ken Rutherford]], [[Ian Smith (New Zealand cricketer)|Ian Smith]] and [[Ewen Chatfield]] with the last three balls of the 42nd over.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65114.html|title=24th Match: India v New Zealand at Nagpur, Oct 31, 1987|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705090837/http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65114.html|archive-date=5 July 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070218093502/http://www.cricketfundas.com/worldcup1987.html Scorecards of all the 1987 World Cup matches]}} from Cricket Fundas
*[http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC87/ Cricket World Cup 1987] from ESPNcricinfo
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101130125531/http://worldcupcricket2011.in/cricket-world-cup-1987.html Cricket World Cup 1987]
*[http://www.worldcupofcricket.com/1987-cricket-world-cup.php 1987 Cricket World Cup] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131082405/http://www.worldcupofcricket.com/1987-cricket-world-cup.php |date=31 January 2011 }}

{{1987 Cricket World Cup}}
{{Cricket World Cup}}

[[Category:1987 Cricket World Cup| ]]
[[Category:1987 in Indian cricket|World Cup]]
[[Category:1987 in Pakistani cricket|World Cup]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions from 1985–86 to 1988]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in India]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in Pakistan]]
[[Category:October 1987 sports events in Asia|Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:November 1987 sports events in Asia|Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:Reliance Industries]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan cricket rivalry]]

Rathilayam

2026-03-03T21:10:36Z

Jina m. butchart: typo fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Rathilayam
| image = Rathilayam poster.jpg
| caption = Title Banner
| director = [[P. Chandrakumar]]
| producer = Madhu
| writer = Ravi Vilangan
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] [[Silk Smitha]] [[Captain Raju]]
| music = [[A. T. Ummer]] [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]]
| cinematography = [[Jayanan Vincent]]
| editing = [[K. Narayanan]]
| studio = Uma Arts
| distributor = Uma Arts
| released = {{Film date|1983|05|06|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Rathilayam''''' is a 1983 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam]] film, directed by [[P. Chandrakumar]] and produced by Madhu. The film stars [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], [[Silk Smitha]] and [[Captain Raju]] in the lead roles. The film has musical score by [[A. T. Ummer]] and [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1446|title=Rathilayam|accessdate=2014-10-20|publisher=malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?1443|title=Rathilayam|accessdate=2014-10-20|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/rathilayam-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020152019/http://spicyonion.com/title/rathilayam-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=20 October 2014|title=Rathilayam|accessdate=2014-10-20|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] as Mammad Kutti
*[[Srividya]] as Nabeesa
*[[Captain Raju]] as Appukuttan
*[[Silk Smitha]] as Devikutty
*[[M. G. Soman]] as Somen Thiruvalla
*[[Sankaradi]] as Const. Vasu Pilla
*[[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]] as Makkotty
*[[Rajkumar Sethupathi|Rajkumar]] as Rajan
*[[G. K. Pillai (actor)|G. K. Pillai]] as Menon
*[[Shanavas]] as Shanker
*[[Soorya]] as Sarasamma
*[[Mala Aravindan]] as Const. Lonappan
*[[Jagathy Sreekumar]]
*[[Bheeman Raghu]]

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[A. T. Ummer]] and [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]] and the lyrics were written by [[Poovachal Khader]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Kadalilum Karayilum" || [[K. S. Chithra]], [[K. G. Markose]] || [[Poovachal Khader]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Mohini Priyaroopini" || [[P. Jayachandran]] || Poovachal Khader ||
|-
| 3 || "Mylaanchiyaniyunna" || [[Srividya]], Chorus || Poovachal Khader ||
|-
| 4 || "Unmaadam Ullaasam" || K. G. Markose, [[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]] || Poovachal Khader ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0345847|Rathilayam}}

[[Category:1983 films]]
[[Category:1983 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by P. Chandrakumar]]
[[Category:1983 Indian films]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Nayakudu Vinayakudu

2026-03-03T20:14:14Z

Jina m. butchart: Adding a info!

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nayakudu Vinayakudu
| image = Nayakudu Vinayakudu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[K. Pratyagatma]]
| screenplay = K. Pratyagatma
| story = [[C. S. Rao (writer)|C. S. Rao]]
| producer = A. V. Subba Rao
| starring = [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] [[Jayalalithaa]]
| cinematography = P. S. Selvaraj
| editing = J. Krishna Swamy Balu
| music = [[T. Chalapathi Rao]]
| studio = [[Prasad Art Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1980|2|1}}
| runtime = 134 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Nayakudu Vinayakudu''''' is a 1980 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language film, produced by A. V. Subba Rao under the [[Prasad Art Productions]] banner and directed by [[K. Pratyagatma]]. It stars [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], [[Jayalalithaa]] and music composed by [[T. Chalapathi Rao]]. Notably, this marked Jayalalithaa's last proper film in her acting career as it got released just a few weeks after her last Tamil film, ''[[Nadhiyai Thedi Vandha Kadal]]''. It was the last film for which the actress-politician had worked as a lead heroine before entering official politics; and also her last film in Telugu as well.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 December 2016 |title=From Kollywood to Fort St George: A timeline of Jayalalithaa's life in film and politics |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/from-kollywood-to-fort-st-george-a-timeline-of-jayalalithaas-life-in-film-and-politics/articleshow/55814322.cms |url-status=live |access-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020053155/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/from-kollywood-to-fort-st-george-a-timeline-of-jayalalithaas-life-in-film-and-politics/articleshow/55814322.cms |archive-date=20 October 2022}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Chiranjeevi, a Ph.D. scholar & student union leader, loves a charming girl, Vasantha, the daughter of Municipal Chairman Vinayaka Rao. Vinayaka Rao is spiteful and perpetrates anti-social activities in the veil of social welfare and illicitly siphons off the public, which Chiranjeevi antagonizes. So, begrudged Vinayaka Rao clutches Chiranjeevi's brother-in-law, Shekar, who deserts his wife and seeks Rs.50,000. Now, Chiranjeevi decides to sell their ancestors' property and spends a night there, acquiring a magical statuette that grants any wish. Through it, Chiranjeevi effects so many wonders and teases Vinayaka Rao but soon realizes it was his dream and returns. Then Vinayaka Rao swindles Shekar. He regrets it and pleads for pardon. At that point, Municipal elections are declared when Chiranjeevi contests against Vinayaka Rao and dethrones him. At last, Chiranjeevi ceases Vinayaka Rao, who retains a semblance of order & peace in the society. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with the marriage of Chiranjeevi & Vasantha.

== Cast ==
*[[Akkineni Nageshwara Rao]] as Chiranjeevi
*[[J. Jayalalithaa]] as Vasantha
*[[Rao Gopal Rao]] as Vinayaka Rao
*[[P. L. Narayana]] as Viswasam
*[[Sarathi (comedian)|Sarathi]] as Hanumanthu
*[[Sakshi Ranga Rao]] as Panthulu
*Lakshmikanth as Shekar
*Jaya Bhaskar as Shankaram
*Vankala Satyanarayana as Janaki Ramudu
*Arjaa Jannardhan Rao as Mallaiah
*[[Manju Bhargavi]] as Sivaranjani
*[[Roja Ramani]] as Madhumathi
*Pushpalata as Chiranjeevi's mother

== Soundtrack ==
Music composed by [[T. Chalapathi Rao]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nayakudu Vinayakudu (1980)-Song_Booklet |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/DEC/info |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230407032841/https://indiancine.ma/documents/DEC/info |archive-date=7 April 2023 |access-date=7 April 2023 |website=indiancine.ma}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Song title !!Lyrics !!Singers !!length
|-
|"Oka Chinnadi"
|[[Acharya Aatreya]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]
|3:34
|-
|"Ninnu Chudagaane Anni"
|C. Narayana Reddy
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[S. Janaki]]
|5:04
|-
|"Aey Ley Niduraley"
|C. Narayana Reddy
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
|3:36
|-
|"Ravana Rajyam Poyindi"
|[[Kosaraju Raghavaiah|Kosaraju]]
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Madhavapeddi Satyam, Vijayalakshmi Sarma
|4:23
|-
|"Orabbi Mastaanu"
|C. Narayana Reddy
|P. Susheela, S. Janaki
|5:17
|-
|"Vandanam Vandaanam"
|[[Kosaraju Raghavaiah|Kosaraju]]
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Madhavapeddi Satyam, Vijayalakshmi Sarma
|4:17
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|0213929}}

[[Category:1980 films]]
[[Category:1980 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1980 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kotayya Pratyagatma]]
[[Category:Films scored by T. Chalapathi Rao]]

Thullal (film)

2026-03-03T04:38:21Z

Jina m. butchart: update intro and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Praveen Gandhi|Praveenkanth]]
| producer = Praveenkanth
| writer = Praveenkanth
| starring = Praveenkanth [[Gurleen Chopra]]
| music = [[Dhina]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2007|06|29|df=y|ref1=}}
| runtime = 154 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Thullal''''' ({{translation|''Overjoy''}}) is a 2007 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[erotic film|erotic]] [[drama film]] written and directed by [[Pravin Gandhi|Praveenkanth]] starring himself, [[Gurleen Chopra]] and Sonika. [[Dhina]] composed the film's music. ''Thullal'' which began production in 2003 had a delayed release on 19 July 2007.

==Plot==
Seenu, with a group of friends, is a prankster, spoiled brat, and big-time womaniser. He is addicted to sex and has sex with various women at any cost. It is shown in the introduction scene where an eloped couple meets them for help and the friends pretend to help them and take away the bridegroom from the place. Seenu seduces the woman and enjoys having sex with her. Seenu's parents know about his attitude. They have advised him numerous times, but he is stubborn and considered it as a challenge by winning women's trust into having sex.

One fine day, he witnesses a group of thugs misbehaving with a girl named Shruthika. He immediately gets tempted of her and plans to help her to have sex with her. When he bashed all of the thugs, Shruthika instantly falls for him. They become good friends. One day, Seenu invites Shruthika home and seduces her, ending up with both of them having sex. After that incident, he ill-treats her and asks her to either go out of town or get her pregnancy aborted. She tearfully leaves out of town to [[Ooty]].

Before that, in a parallel scene, Seenu witnesses Shruthika forced by a woman named Gayathiri to lodge a police complaint against the man who betrays her, but she, feeling insecure to be known this by others, takes a step back. Gayathiri abuses that guy through words unknowingly; the man is none other than Seenu. He is angry and wants to avenge this insult. He plans to marry her, and after their first night, plans to escape to [[Goa]].

After numerous attempts, Gayathiri gets convinced by her guardian, a doctor, to marry Seenu. After numerous failed attempts to seduce her, in her house, he hatches out a plan and fixes a honeymoon plan to Ooty. There, he meets Shruthika, his ex-victim who is now a tourist guide there in Ooty. Seenu obeys his wife's instructions and pretends to be a loyal husband. Gayathiri, who knows Shruthika earlier, introduces her to Seenu. Now Gayathiri's condition is that to believe him or to start a life with him, he must resolve the pending problem in Shruthika's life. He apologises to Shruthika and promises to marry her and also tells her that he will reveal everything to his wife, but he cunningly plans to fool both his ex-lover and wife. His friend Muthu tries to reveal everything to his wife, but Seenu drugs him by mixing sleeping pills in the coffee that he drinks. Muthu ends up revealing everything to Shruthika and telling her to at least try to save Gayathiri.

Seenu successfully has sex with Gayathiri and drugs her by mixing sleeping pills in the milk, leaving her unconscious. When he was to about to escape to Goa in a bus, Shruthika captures him and brings him to a mortuary. Shruthika abuses him with words and says "You love to touch women's body. Now touch this bodies till you satisfy". He is horrified by this and realises his mistake and his life as an animal. He asks forgiveness and tries to commit suicide, which is stopped by Shruthika. Shruthika asks him to live a good life with Gayathiri as that is his lifelong punishment. Outside the mortuary, they tell the awaiting Gayathiri that her lover died in an accident. Seenu and Gayathiri are joined hands by Shruthika. Seenu and Shruthika see each other for the one last time and bid a tearful goodbye, whereas Shruthika leaves the country forever and settles in Australia.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Praveen Gandhi|Praveenkanth]] as Seenu
*[[Gurleen Chopra]] as Shruthika
*Sonika as Gayathiri, Seenu's wife
*[[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Muthu, Seenu's friend
*Seetha as Gayathiri's guardian and a doctor
*[[Manikka Vinayagam]] as Seenu's father
*[[Sumithra (actress)|Sumithra]] as Seenu's mother
*[[Uma Padmanabhan]] as Shruthika's mother
*[[Rajeev (Tamil actor)|Rajeev]] as Shruthika's father
*[[Ilavarasu]] as Security guard
*[[Benjamin (actor)|Benjamin]] as Subramani
*[[Manobala]] as Building secretary
*[[Vatsala Rajagopal]] as Shruthika's grandmother
*[[N. Mathrubootham]] as Das/Giri/Chand/Pillai/3 (uncredited)
*[[Kadhal Sukumar]] as Seenu's friend (uncredited)
}}

==Production==
The film was first reported in June 2000, when Pravinkanth worked on the film alongside commitments of directing two other projects involving [[Prashanth]] and [[Ajith Kumar]]. The film was set to be produced by [[Anbalaya Films]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Change Name, Change Luck! |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/reeltalk/july1905.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040826110005/http://www.chennaionline.com/reeltalk/july1905.asp |archive-date=26 August 2004 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Rajitha |date=7 June 2000 |title=Director Pravinkanth turns actor |url=http://m.rediff.com/movies/2000/jun/07spice.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208004754/http://m.rediff.com/movies/2000/jun/07spice.htm |archive-date=8 February 2018 |access-date=7 February 2018 |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> [[Chaya Singh]] was briefly attached to the project during 2003 before opting out.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2003 |title=Cine News: |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/cinenews/2003/nov/12-11-03.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041027123426/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/cinenews/2003/nov/12-11-03.htm |archive-date=27 October 2004 |access-date=21 November 2020 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}</ref> The filming was held at Chennai, Munnar and Pondicherry.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2004 |title=Thullal |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/onlocation/thullal.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051207190831/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/onlocation/thullal.asp |archive-date=7 December 2005 |access-date=17 July 2024 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
Soundtrack was composed by [[Dhina]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Thullal (2007) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/Thullal-songs-T0004513 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528132739/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/Thullal-songs-T0004513 |archive-date=28 May 2019 |access-date=28 May 2015 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics
|-
| "Kollathe" || [[Dhina]], [[Anita Udeep]] || [[Pa. Vijay]]
|-
| "Kokkarikkum" || [[T. L. Maharajan]], [[Uma Padmanabhan]] || rowspan=2|[[Yugabharathi]]
|-
| "Seikooli Undu" || [[Silambarasan]], [[Paravai Muniyamma]]
|-
| "Sight Adicha" || [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], Aishwarya || rowspan=2|Kalaikumar
|-
| "Sagala Ponnu" || [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Ganga Sitharasu|Ganga]]
|-
| "Thappu Pannatha" || [[Manikka Vinayagam]], [[Malathy Lakshman|Malathy]] || Tha. Kannan
|}

==Critical reception==
The film was cleared by the [[Central Board of Film Certification|censor board]] in April 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2006 |title=Steamy `Thullal` gets A! |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14180767 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060411224120/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14180767 |archive-date=11 April 2006 |access-date=12 January 2026 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, "The only thing that may tempt you to take a risk to watch Thullal is Vivek?s hilarious comedy track, otherwise there is nothing in it. The basic problem is Praveen's self indulgence and misplaced sense of self importance in his very first film as a hero! The audience might stomach an Ajit, Vijay or Surya playing a Casanova and frolicking with lovely girls but definitely not a Praveen Kant".<ref name="sify">{{Cite web |date=3 July 2007 |title=Thullal |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/thullal-review-tamil-pclwrthecgggf.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103012005/http://www.sify.com/movies/thullal-review-tamil-pclwrthecgggf.html |archive-date=3 January 2019 |access-date=4 February 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' wrote, "'Thullal' is about the sexual exploitation of women and about how they should be treated with respect... But in getting his message through, the director too has done his bit of exploitation. It's in the way he has exploited the glamour quotient of his women characters, and in projecting them as naïve and gullible, and devoid of any intelligence".<ref name="co">{{cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=9 July 2007 |title=Thullal |url=http://chennaionline.com/Film/Moviereviews/2007/07thullal.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011071450/http://chennaionline.com/Film/Moviereviews/2007/07thullal.asp |archive-date=11 October 2007 |access-date=14 March 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> Vinopriya of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote although the story of cheating women is taken, the director sticks to the obscenity without introducing any innovation.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=வினோபிரியா |date=22 July 2007 |title=துள்ளல் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2007-07-22/page/32/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240507163950/https://archive.org/details/kalki2007-07-22/page/32/mode/2up |archive-date=7 May 2024 |access-date=7 May 2024 |magazine=Kalki |page=32 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Malathi Rangarajan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "The least Pravinkanth could do is stick to writing and direction. Trying to turn hero seems too ambitious a step".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=6 July 2007 |title=Aimless run around -- Thullal |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/07/06/stories/2007070650020200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609070506/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/07/06/stories/2007070650020200.htm |archive-date=9 June 2009 |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2000s erotic drama films]]
[[Category:2007 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:2007 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Pravin Gandhi]]
[[Category:Films scored by Dhina]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Munnar]]
[[Category:Films shot in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Indian erotic drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Kasba Dehra

2026-02-27T01:32:07Z

Jina m. butchart: Adding Basic Entry V1

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kasba Dehra
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.31|N|76.45|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Alwar district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| government_type = Democratic
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 264
| population_total = 3000
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code = 301001
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| pop_est_as_of = 2020
}}

'''Kasba Dehra''' is a [[Kasbah|Kasba]] (Town) in [[Alwar district]] in [[Rajasthan]], [[India]].

== Transport ==

Kasba Dehra is located on [[State highway|State Highway]] 14 and it connects many nearby villages for daily essential needs including Chandoli, Shahpur, Tehardpur, Mangalbas, Bala Dehra, Amritvas, Hajipur, Dhokdi, Kadooki, Thekda, Todiyar etc.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Villages in KASBA DEHRA Panchayat UMRAIN Block, Alwar, Rajasthan India BrandBharat.com|url=https://www.brandbharat.com/english/rajasthan/districts/Alwar/Alwar_UMRAIN_KASBA%20DEHRA.html|access-date=2021-05-12|website=www.brandbharat.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Find My Government|url=https://findmygov.in/|access-date=2021-05-12|website=findmygov.in|language=en}}</ref> Chandoli is a Cyber Hub Village which was visited by [[Mark Zuckerberg]] in 2019. As of now, the most commonly used forms of medium-distance transport in Kasba Dehra are government-owned services such as railways and buses, as well as privately operated lok pariwahan buses, taxis and auto rickshaws.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-03|title=Zuckerberg leaves a Mark on this Alwar village|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/zuckerberg-leaves-a-mark-on-this-alwar-village/story-jS8FcW4xkODtIkdgU6AleO.html|access-date=2021-05-12|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Minority Cyber Gram Yojana|url=https://www.defindia.org/minority-cyber-gram-yojana/|access-date=2021-05-12|website=Digital Empowerment Foundation, DEF|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-12|title=ALWAR DISTRICT VILLAGE & TOWN DIRECTORY|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2498/1/38024_2001_ALW.pdf|website=lsi.gov.in}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Kasba Dehra is located at latitude 27.316088 and longitude 76.4537287. It has an average [[elevation]] of 264 m (866 ft). It is nearby post office Vijay Mandir, fort of [[Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1971)|Jitendra Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kasba Dehra Pincode|url=http://pincodeaddress.com/locality/Kasba-Dehra_Alwar|access-date=2021-05-12|website=pincodeaddress.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Vijay Mandir Palace|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/alwar/vijay-mandir-palace/ps59155378.cms|access-date=2021-05-12|website=Times of India Travel}}</ref>

== Services ==
*Hospital - Govt. Hospital
*Police Station - Govt. Rajasthan Police Station.
*School - Primary, Senior and Senior Secondary Schools and many more Play Group Schools.(Hindi/English Medium).
*Bank - SBI and Cooperative Banks.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kulguru|title=Government PS Kasba Dehra, Kasba Dehra, Umerain, Alwar, Rajasthan|url=http://www.kulguru.com/school/government-ps-kasba-dehra-kasba-dehra-umerain-alwar-rajasthan-5zz7ok6i|access-date=2021-05-12|website=Kulguru|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Schools in Kasba Dehra - Alwar district of Rajasthan|url=https://study4sure.com/institutes/schools/rajasthan/alwar/school.php?place=Kasba%20Dehra|access-date=2021-05-12|website=study4sure.com}}</ref>

== Tourist attractions ==
*[[Sant Charandas]] Ji Maharaj Temple
*Chudsidh Baba Temple
*Shiv Mandir
*Vijay Mandir Fort
*Dadhikar Fort<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sant Charandas. First called Ranjit Singh, Charandas was born in Derha, near Alwar, in Rajasthan in 1706. His family belonged to the Dhusar caste merchant class|url=https://amp.ww.en.freejournal.org/44852160/1/sant-charandas.html|access-date=2021-05-12|website=ww.en.freejournal.org|language=en|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512134424/https://amp.ww.en.freejournal.org/44852160/1/sant-charandas.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Iyengar|first=Abha|date=2017-05-04|title=Delhi to Alwar: Among the ruins|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/W8CL4LIxkoWuRbWH7e8lnO/Delhi-to-Alwar-Among-the-ruins.html|access-date=2021-05-12|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=चूहड़ सिद्ध बाबा के मेले में उमड़ा भक्तों का सैलाब|url=https://www.patrika.com/jaipur-news/chuhar-baba-fair-2168157/|access-date=2021-05-12|website=Patrika News|language=hindi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Darpan|first=Alwar|title=Choohar Sidh Falls- A Must Visit Destination in Alwar {{!}} Alwar Darpan|url=http://www.alwardarpan.com/choohar-sidh-falls-a-must-visit-destination-in-alwar/|access-date=2021-05-12|language=en-US|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512131924/http://www.alwardarpan.com/choohar-sidh-falls-a-must-visit-destination-in-alwar/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Alwar district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Alwar district]]

Elizabeth at 90: A Family Tribute

2026-02-08T18:58:19Z

Jina m. butchart:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Elizabeth at 90, A Family Tribute.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| genre = [[Documentary film]]
| writer =
| director = [[John Bridcut]]
| presenter =
| narrated = [[Charles, Prince of Wales]]
| composer = Edmund Jolliffe
| country = United Kingdom
| language = English
| num_episodes =
| executive_producer = BBC
| producer = John Bridcut
| location =
| runtime = 90 minutes
| company =
| channel =
| released = {{Start date|2016|04|21|df=y}}
| related = {{Plainlist|
* ''[[The Diamond Queen (TV programme)|The Diamond Queen]]'' (2012)
* ''[[The Coronation (documentary)|The Coronation]]'' (2018)
}}
}}
'''''Elizabeth at 90: A Family Tribute''''' is a 2016 television documentary film made to commemorate the 90th birthday of [[Queen Elizabeth II]]. It was produced by the [[BBC]] and directed by [[John Bridcut]], and narrated by [[Charles, Prince of Wales]]. Aside from archive footage, the programme featured extensive footage shot by the Queen, [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]], [[Princess Margaret]], [[King George VI]] and [[Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother]]. The footage had never been publicly shown and came from the Queen's private archive of homemade films. The footage shown was interspersed with members of the [[British royal family]] commenting on the films.<ref name=BBCPress>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/proginfo/2016/16/elizabeth-at-ninety|title=Elizabeth At 90 – A Family Tribute|date=April 2016|work=BBC|access-date=29 April 2016}}</ref> The film featured contributions from the Queen, the Prince of Wales, [[Anne, Princess Royal]], [[Prince William, Duke of Cambridge]], [[Prince Harry]], [[Lady Sarah Chatto]], [[Prince Edward, Duke of Kent]], [[Princess Alexandra (born 1936)|Princess Alexandra]], [[Margaret Rhodes]] and [[Queen Margrethe II of Denmark]].<ref name=GuardApr16>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2016/apr/22/elizabeth-at-90-family-tribute-bbc1-queens-birthday-tv-review|title=Elizabeth at 90 – A Family Tribute review – so much for one to learn about one's monarch|author=Sam Wollaston|date=22 April 2016|work=The Guardian|access-date=10 June 2016}}</ref>

==Reception==
''Elizabeth at 90'' was positively received by critics.

Sam Wollaston, writing in ''[[The Guardian]]'' likened the film to a royal version of [[Gogglebox]]. Wollaston wrote that "While the Duke of Kent points out himself and other dukes, William and Harry admire the dresses and the jewels, Charles says wonderful a lot, the Queen says very little and Anne scowls. ...And fascinating because, whatever you think of them, this particular family does have a place in the history of this country. In some ways, as her eldest son says, the birthday girl's life has defined our age. Plus, it is a rare glimpse behind high walls, at the private life of a private family that really is nothing like anyone else's. And yes, some of it is touching, such as the young Elizabeth, as yet unburdened by her destiny, singing happily with her younger sister".<ref name=GuardApr16/>

Writing in ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', Gerard O'Donovan felt that it was "a triumph from start to finish. I cannot recall ever seeing a more charming, warm and – dare I say – human portrait of the Queen than this one...". O'Donovan wrote that the film "succeeded in blurring the boundary between public formality and private emotion...The result was a documentary that brilliantly sampled a full 90 years of a life both intensely public and guardedly private. A film that felt less like a tribute and more like a private view, and one you really didn't need to be a bonkers-mad Royalist to enjoy".<ref name=TelegApr16>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/2016/04/21/elizabeth-at-90-a-family-tribute-review-a-brilliantly-sampled-in/|title=Elizabeth at 90: a Family Tribute review: a brilliantly sampled insight into the private life of the Royal family|author=Gerard O'Donovan|date=21 April 2016|work=The Telegraph|access-date=10 June 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Elizabeth II}}

[[Category:2016 television specials]]
[[Category:2016 in British television]]
[[Category:BBC television documentaries]]
[[Category:Documentary films about British royalty]]
[[Category:Films about Elizabeth II]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Jawaharlal Nehru]]

Archdiocese of Bhopal

2026-01-26T05:23:49Z

Jina m. butchart: creating a stub

{{Short description|Roman Catholic archdiocese in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{no footnotes|date=May 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Archdiocese
|name = Bhopal
|latin = Archidioecesis Bhopalensis
|local = भोपाल के सूबा
|image =
|country = {{flag|India}}
|province = Bhopal
|rite = [[Latin Church|Latin Rite]]
|cathedral = Cathedral of St Francis of Assisi in [[Bhopal]]
|cocathedral =
|parishes = 35
|patron = [[St Francis of Assisi]]
|established = 13 September 1963
|area_km2 = 20,387
|population = 4,255,000
|population_as_of = 2012
|catholics = 13,214
|catholics_percent= 0.3
|pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
|metro_archbishop = [[Alangaram Arockia Sebastian Durairaj]]
|coadjutor =
|auxiliary_bishops=
|emeritus_bishops = [[Leo Cornelio]], [[S.V.D.]]Archbishop Emeritus (2007-2021)
|website = [http://bhopalarchdiocese.in/ Website of the Archdiocese]
|map = Map of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bhopal.png
}}

The '''Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bhopal''' ({{langx|la|Bhopalen(sis)}}) is an [[archdiocese]] located in the city of [[Bhopal]] in India.

== History ==
*The history of the inception, growth and blossoming of the Archdiocese of Bhopal as it is today, is one that is replete with God's boundless mercies finding expression in their fullness supplemented by dedicated human response and Endeavour 13 September 1963 is splashed in gold in the life sketch of the Archdiocese of Bhopal, as it was on this day the Archdiocese was made and Most Rev. Dr. Eugene D’ Souza was appointed its first archbishop. Most Rev. Dr. Paschal Topno SVD succeeded Dr. Eugene D’ Souza in 1994 as the new shepherd. Most Rev. Dr. Leo Cornelio SVD succeeded Dr Paschal Topno SVD in 2007 as the new shepherd and in October 2021 Most Rev. Dr. Alangaram Arokia Sebastin Durairaj SVD became the new shepherd of the Archdiocese of Bhopal. He continues to render his services to the archdiocese presently as the Archbishop of Bhopal.

The history of the Catholic Church goes back to the eighteenth century. It is said that in 1560 Jean Philip the Bourbon along with the brother of Henry the IVth landed in south of India in a ship. It is said that Jean was accorded a warm welcome when he reached the palace of the King Akbar in North India. It is said that starting with Jean the family served the kind for about 400 years. They served in Sargand, Delhi, Gwalior and then in Bhopal. When there was an attack on Christians in Sargand, and about 400 Christians were killed in 1778. Salvadore Bourbon and his family fled to Gwalior and later to Bhopal in 1785, as they were not feeling safe there. Here in Bhopal they were appointed in the palace of Begham Mamola Bibi Sahiba and Salvadore was later known as Hakim Inayat Masih. Later he was appointed Army Chief and also as Chief Minister of a kingdom. This family of six is considered to be the first Christians of Bhopal. Later a few more were added from Italy and other places and in 1870, Bhopal is said to have more than 1500 Catholics around. This was then under the diocese of Agra and a priest used to visit Bhopal once a year for the spiritual needs of Catholics here. In 1871 the queen Isabella Bourbon gifted a four-acre land in Jehangirabad, Bhopal for the construction of church and on 4 October on the feast of St. Francis of Assisi the foundation stone for the new church was laid. Today it is the cathedral of the Archdiocese of Bhopal.

On 1 November 1956 when the new state of Madhya Pradesh was erected, looking at the bright prospects of the central Indian state 13 September 1963 Pope Paul the VI announced Bhopal as the Archdiocese and Dr. Eugene D’Souza was appointed its first Shepherd. Presently the Archdiocese of Bhopal has about 71 diocesan priests, 60 religious priests, 20 religious brothers, 550 religious sisters and 10 catechists are working in the 26 parishes and 20 mission stations of the Archdiocese of Bhopal. Bhopal Archdiocese has two colleges, one pastoral centre, two Nursing colleges, 46 schools, 7 hostels, 4 social welfare centers, 4 hospitals, 5 dispensaries, 4 professional training centers, 4 schools for the physically and mentally challenged.

== Leadership ==
* [[Archbishop]]s of Bhopal ([[Latin Church|Latin Rite]])
** Archbishop Alangaram Arockia Sebastian Durairaj (4 October 2021 – present)
** [[Leo Cornelio|Archbishop Leo Cornelio]] (15 June 2007 – 4 October 2021)
** Archbishop [[Paschal Topno]], [[Society of Jesus|S.J.]] (26 March 1994 – 15 June 2007)
** Archbishop [[Eugene D’Souza]], [[M.S.F.S.]] (13 September 1963 – 26 March 1994)

== Suffragan dioceses ==
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Gwalior|Gwalior]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Indore|Indore]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Jabalpur|Jabalpur]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Jhabua|Jhabua]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Khandwa|Khandwa]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Sagar|Sagar]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Satna|Satna]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ujjain|Ujjain]]

==References==

{{Reflist|30em}}

== Sources ==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/bhop0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dbhop.html Catholic Hierarchy] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]

{{coord|23.2494|N|77.4214|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhopal}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Christianity in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bhopal]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1963]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century]]
[[Category:1963 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Manoj Pande

2026-01-21T06:33:41Z

Jina m. butchart: minor cleanup

{{short description|29th Chief of the Army Staff (India)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[General (India)|General]]
| name = Manoj Pande
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=IND|size=90%|PVSM|AVSM|VSM|ADC}}
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = File:Gen Manoj Pandey.jpg
| image_size = 230px
| alt =
| caption = Official Portrait, 2022
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1962|05|6|df=y}}<ref name="PIB_COAS">{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1817865|title=Government appoints Lt Gen Manoj C Pande as next Chief of Army Staff|date=18 April 2022|website=Press Information Bureau}}</ref>
| height = {{convert|1.70|m}}
| death_date = 
| birth_place = [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| death_place =
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| office = 29th [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]]
| term_start = 30 April 2022
| term_end = 30 June 2024
| president = {{ubl|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]|[[Droupadi Murmu]]}}
| predecessor = [[Manoj Mukund Naravane]]
| successor = [[Upendra Dwivedi]]
| office1 = 43rd [[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Army Staff]]
| term_start1 = 1 February 2022
| term_end1 = 30 April 2022
| 1blankname1 = [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of Army Staff]]
| 1namedata1 = [[Manoj Mukund Naravane]]
| predecessor1 = [[Chandi Prasad Mohanty]]
| successor1 = [[B. S. Raju]]
| office2 = [[Eastern Command (India)|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command]]
| term_start2 = {{start date|2021|06|01|df=yes}}
| term_end2 = {{end date|2022|01|31|df=yes}}
| 1blankname2 = [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of Army Staff]]
| 1namedata2 = [[Manoj Mukund Naravane]]
| predecessor2 = [[Anil Chauhan]]
| successor2 = [[Rana Pratap Kalita]]
| office3 = [[Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command|Commander-in-Chief Andaman and Nicobar Command (CINCAN)]]
| term_start3 = 1 June 2020
| term_end3 = 31 May 2021
| predecessor3 = [[Podali Shankar Rajeshwar]]
| successor3 = [[Ajai Singh (lieutenant general)|Ajai Singh]]
| nickname =
| birth_name =
| allegiance = {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{army|India}}
| serviceyears = 24 December 1982 – 30 June 2024
| rank = [[File:General of the Indian Army.svg|22px]] [[General (India)|General]]
| military_blank1 = Service number
| military_data1 = IC-40716F<ref name="commission"/>
| unit = [[Bombay Engineer Group|Bombay Sappers]] [[Indian Army Corps of Engineers|Corps of Engineers]] 267 Engineer Regiment
| commands = [[File:Eastern Command (India).png|20px]] [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]] [[Andaman and Nicobar Command]] [[File:IV Corps (India).svg|20px]] [[IV Corps (India)|IV Corps]] [[File:8 Mountain Division.png|20px]] [[8th Infantry Division (India)|8 Mountain Division]] 52 Infantry Brigade 117 Engineer Regiment
| battles =
| battles_label =
| military_blank2 = Awards
| military_data2 = {{plainlist|
*[[File:Param Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
*[[File:Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
*[[File:Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Vishisht Seva Medal]]
}}
| spouse = Archana Pande
| relations =
| laterwork =
| signature =
| website =
| other_name =
| memorials =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| module =
}}

[[General (India)|General]] '''Manoj Pande''' {{post-nominals|country=IND|PVSM|AVSM|VSM|ADC}} (born 6 May 1962) is a retired four star [[general officer]] of the [[Indian Army]]. He last served as the 29th [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=ABP News |date=2024-06-30 |title=Outgoing Army Chief Gen Manoj Pande Receives Guard Of Honour On Last Day In Office: Watch |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/gen-manoj-pande-receives-guard-of-honour-retirement-gen-upendra-dwivedi-1699176 |access-date=2024-06-30 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2022-04-30 |title=Gen. Manoj Pande takes charge as 29th Army Chief |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gen-manoj-pande-takes-charge-as-army-chief/article65369625.ece |access-date=2024-05-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Government appoints Lt Gen Manoj C Pande as next Chief of Army Staff |url=https://www.mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/ltgenpt19422.pdf |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> He previously served as 43rd [[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Army Staff]],<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2022-02-01 |title=Lt Gen Manoj Pande assumes charge as Vice Chief of Army Staff |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/Feb/01/lt-gen-manoj-pande-assumes-charge-as-vice-chief-of-army-staff-2413908.html |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> prior to that he was [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command|General Officer-Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command]]<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2021-05-30 |title=Lt Gen Manoj Pande to take charge as Eastern Command chief on June 1 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/lt-gen-manoj-pande-to-take-charge-as-eastern-command-chief-on-june-1-1808787-2021-05-30 |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> and also as the [[Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command|Commander-in-Chief]] (CINCAN) of [[Andaman and Nicobar Command]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Lt Gen Manoj Pande has been appointed as the next chief of Andaman and Nicobar Command at Port Blair. |url=https://x.com/ANI/status/1255888341209427976 |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=X (formerly Twitter)}}</ref> He also served as [[IV Corps (India)|General Officer Commanding IV Corps]],<ref name="Pande_IV_Corps">{{Cite news |date=2018-12-30 |title=Lt Gen Manoj Pande takes charge of Gajraj Corps |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/lt-gen-manoj-pande-takes-charge-of-gajraj-corps-118123000518_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402204742/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/lt-gen-manoj-pande-takes-charge-of-gajraj-corps-118123000518_1.html |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=2019-01-11 |work=Business Standard India |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> before assuming the appointment as commander of [[IV Corps (India)|Gajraj Corps (IV Corps)]] he was serving as the Chief of Staff, [[Southern Command (India)|Southern Command]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Lt Gen Manoj Pande takes over as new chief of Southern Command Pune |url=http://www.uniindia.com/lt-gen-manoj-pande-takes-over-as-new-chief-of-southern-command-pune/other/news/976506.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402193231/http://www.uniindia.com/lt-gen-manoj-pande-takes-over-as-new-chief-of-southern-command-pune/other/news/976506.html |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=2 April 2019}}</ref> He is the first officer from the [[Indian Army Corps of Engineers|Corps of Engineers]] to become the Army Chief.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Army Chief: Lt Gen Manoj Pande becomes first engineer to be appointed as Army chief - The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/lt-gen-manoj-pande-becomes-first-engineer-to-be-appointed-as-army-chief/articleshow/90915880.cms |access-date=2022-04-18 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref>

As the COAS, he took over as the [[Colonel commandant|Honorary Colonel]] of the [[Sikh Light Infantry|Sikh Light Infantry Regiment]] on 11 May 2022 and as the [[Colonel (India)#Colonel of the regiment|Colonel of the Regiment]] of the [[61st Cavalry (India)|61st Cavalry]] on 17 May 2022. He became the 23rd COAS to take over Colonel of the mounted [[Cavalry|Cavalry Regiment]]. He was appointed as the Honorary Colonel Commandant of the [[Bombay Engineer Group|Bombay Sappers]] for lifetime wef 27 August 2024.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/268912.pdf |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=egazette.gov.in |publisher=The Gazette of India |page=176}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
He was born to Dr. C. G. Pande, a consulting [[Psychotherapist]] who retired as the Head of the Department of [[Psychology]] of [[Nagpur University]], and Prema, an announcer and host with the [[All India Radio]]. The family hails from [[Nagpur]].<ref name="Nagpur Today">{{cite web|last1=Today |first1=Nagpur |title=Nagpurian appointed as Chief of Staff at Southern Command Headquarters |url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/nagpurian-appointed-as-chief-of-staff-at-southern-command-headquarters/09020915 |website=www.nagpurtoday.in|date=2 September 2017 }}</ref> After his schooling from [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]], he joined the 61st-course of the [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]] (NDA) in January 1979 and was assigned to the Lima squadron, where he graduated with the degree of [[Bachelor of Science]]. After graduating from the NDA, he joined the [[Indian Military Academy]] and was commissioned as an officer. He subsequently attended the [[College of Military Engineering]], [[Pune]] and earned a [[Bachelor of Technology]] degree in [[Civil Engineering]].<ref name="PIB Bio" />

== Career ==
Gen Pande was commissioned into the (267 Engineer Regiment) [[Bombay Engineer Group|Bombay Sappers]], one of the regiments in the [[Indian Army Corps of Engineers|Corps of Engineers]], in December 1982. He attended the [[Staff College, Camberley]] in the United Kingdom. After completing the course, he returned to India and was appointed [[brigade major]] of a mountain brigade in [[Northeast India]].<ref name="UNI">{{cite web |title=Lt Gen Manoj Pande takes over as new chief of Southern Command Pune |url=http://www.uniindia.com/lt-gen-manoj-pande-takes-over-as-new-chief-of-southern-command-pune/other/news/976506.html | date=31 August 2017 |agency=United News of India | access-date=31 May 2020}}</ref> After promotion to the rank of [[lieutenant colonel]], he served as the Chief Engineer at the [[United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea]].<ref name="PIB Bio" />

He has commanded the 117 Engineer Regiment along the [[Line of Control]] (LOC) in Jammu and Kashmir. He was in command of the regiment during [[Operation Parakram]].<ref name="IDS Bio">{{cite web |title=Integrated Defence Staff |url=https://www.ids.nic.in/ancommand.php |website=www.ids.nic.in}}</ref> He then attended the [[Army War College, Mhow]] and completed the Higher Command Course. After the course, he was appointed Colonel Q at HQ [[8th Infantry Division (India)|8 Mountain Division]].<ref name="IDS Bio" /> The division was then commanded by the [[Major general (India)|Major General]] [[Dalbir Singh Suhag]].<ref name="TIE" /> He was then promoted to the rank of [[Brigadier (India)|brigadier]] and given command of an engineer brigade as part of a Strike Corps in the western theatre.<ref name="IDS Bio" /> He also commanded the 52 Infantry Brigade, positioned along the LOC. He was selected to attend the prestigious [[National Defence College (India)|National Defence College]].<ref name="PIB Bio">{{cite web |title=Lieutenant General Manoj Pande takes over as Commander-In-Chief of Andaman & Nicobar Command Tomorrow; |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1628164 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> After completing the course, he was appointed Brigadier General Staff Operations (BGS-Ops) at HQ [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]].

On promotion to the rank of Lieutenant General, he was appointed as the Chief of Staff, [[Southern Command (India)|Southern Command]].<ref name=":6" /> A year later he was appointed as [[IV Corps (India)|General Officer Commanding IV Corps]].<ref name="Pande_IV_Corps" /> On 1 June 2020, Gen Pande assumed the appointment of [[Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command|Commander-in-Chief Andaman and Nicobar Command]].<ref name=":5" /> On 1 June 2021, he took over as the [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command|General Officer-Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command]] succeeding [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]] [[Anil Chauhan]].<ref name=":4" />

On 1 February 2022, [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]] Manoj Pande took over as the 43rd [[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Army Staff]] succeeding [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]] [[Chandi Prasad Mohanty]], when the latter superannuated from service on 31 January 2022.<ref name=":3" />

=== Chief of the Army Staff ===
On 18 April 2022, the Government of India appointed [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]] Manoj Pande as the next [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]].<ref name=":2" /> On 30 April 2022, he took over as the 29th [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]] succeeding General [[Manoj Mukund Naravane]].<ref name=":1" /> He was granted an extension for a period of one month till 30 June 2024 when he was due to retire on 30 May 2024. While no formal reason was given, it was speculated that the selection of his successor was delayed due to the 2024 general elections in India whose results were to be declared on 4 June.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The strange case of the army chief's one month extension |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/politics/army-chief-extension |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=caravanmagazine.in |language=en}}</ref> [[Upendra Dwivedi|General Upendra Dwivedi]] was appointed as his successor on 11 June 2024 and he took over on 30 June.<ref name="The Times of India">{{Cite news |date=2024-06-30 |title=General Upendra Dwivedi takes charge as the 30th Army chief |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/general-upendra-dwivedi-takes-charge-as-new-army-chief/articleshow/111377378.cms |access-date=2024-08-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He superannuated from service on 30 June 2024 and relinquished the appointment of [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of Army Staff]] after an illustrious tenure of 26 months.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2024 |title=On the day of relinquishing the appointment of Chief of the Army Staff, General Manoj Pande COAS, laid a wreath at the hallowed precincts of the National War Memorial to honour the sacrifice and valour of the Bravehearts. |url=https://x.com/adgpi/status/1807282248364052812 |website=X (formerly twitter)}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Gen Pande married Mrs. Archana Pande, a gold medalist from Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur on 3 May 1987. The couple have a son who is an officer in the [[Indian Air Force]].<ref name="TIE">{{cite web |title=The Sunday Profile: General Manoj Pande, the right man at the right place |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/the-sunday-profile-general-manoj-pande-the-right-man-at-the-right-place-7905926/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=8 May 2022}}</ref>

== Honours and decorations ==
He is a recipient of the [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]],<ref>{{cite web |title=HONOURS AND AWARDS : REPUBLIC DAY 2022 |url=https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2022/jan/doc20221259101.pdf |website=PIB}}</ref> [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]], and the [[Vishisht Seva Medal]].<ref>{{cite web |title=h17 |url=http://www.sainiksamachar.nic.in/englisharchives/2016/feb01-16/h17.htm |website=www.sainiksamachar.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Official Home Page of the Indian Army |url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=1U+2lkpgkuUBsyukRK5ShA==&ParentID=+k0Nb67T/mstqFdbIISLow==&flag=dt98amZka36U7l1dI+rRjQ== |website=www.indianarmy.nic.in}}</ref> Apart from these, he has been awarded the [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]] (COAS) [[Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces#Commendation Card|Commendation Card]] and two [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief|GOC-in-C]] commendation cards.<ref name="UNI"/>

{|- style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
| colspan="4" |[[File:Param Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|100px]] [[File:Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|100x100px]] [[File:Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|100x100px]]
|-
|[[File:IND_Special_Service_Medal_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_Operation_Vijay_medal.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_Operation_Parakram_medal.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_Sainya_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND_High_Altitude_Medal_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_Videsh_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:75yearmedal.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND 50th Anniversary Independence medal.svg|105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND 30 Years Long Service Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND 20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND 9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea Medal ribbon.png|105px]]
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center"
|-
|[[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
| colspan="2" |[[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|[[Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|-
|[[Special Service Medal (India)|Special Service]]
[[Special Service Medal (India)|Medal]]
|[[Operation Vijay Medal]]
|[[Operation Parakram Medal]]
|[[Sainya Seva Medal]]
|-
|[[High Altitude Medal|High Altitude Service Medal]]
|[[Videsh Seva Medal]]
|[[75th Independence Anniversary Medal (India)|75th Independence Anniversary Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|50th Anniversary of Independence Medal]]
|-
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|30 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|20 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|9 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea|UNMEE Medal]]
|}

== Dates of rank ==
{| class="wikitable" style="background:white"
! Insignia !! Rank !! Component !! Date of rank
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Second Lieutenant of the Indian Army.svg|35px]] || [[Second Lieutenant]] || [[Indian Army]] || 24 December 1982<ref name="commission">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=1810 |date=3 November 1984 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant]] || Indian Army || 24 December 1984<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=887 |date=31 May 1986|url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1986/O-0725-1986-0022-32305.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Captain_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]] || Indian Army || 24 December 1987<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=1723 |date=26 November 1988|url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1988/O-0635-1988-0048-28050.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Major (rank)|Major]] || Indian Army || 24 December 1993<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=940 |date=14 May 1994|url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1994/O-0362-1994-0020-14323.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_Colonel_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] || Indian Army || 16 December 2004<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=1895 |date=15 October 2005|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2005/W_42_2012_119.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Colonel_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Colonel (India)|Colonel]] || Indian Army || 1 March 2006<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=636 |date=21 April 2007|url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2007/W_16_2011_060.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Brigadier_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Brigadier (India)|Brigadier]] || Indian Army || 1 April 2010 (substantive, seniority from 25 January 2009)<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=274 |date=16 February 2013|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2013/W_7_2013_196.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Major_General_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Major general (India)|Major General]] || Indian Army || 1 July 2015 (substantive, seniority from 12 June 2012)<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=1310 |date=21 May 2016|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2016/169742.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_General_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant-General]] || Indian Army || 1 September 2017<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=393 |date=9 February 2019|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/197165.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:General_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[General (India)|General]] (COAS) || Indian Army || 1 May 2022<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=273 |date=4 February 2023 |url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2023/243429.pdf|publisher=The Gazette of India}}
</ref><ref name="PIB_COAS"/><ref name="The Times of India"/>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}{{succession box
| title = [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]]
| years = 30 April 2022 – 30 June 2024
| before = [[Manoj Mukund Naravane]]
| after = [[Upendra Dwivedi]]
}}{{succession box
| title = [[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Army Staff]]
| years = 1 February 2022 – 30 April 2022
| before = [[Chandi Prasad Mohanty]]
| after = [[B. S. Raju]]
}}
{{Succession box
| title = [[General officer commanding#Usage in the Indian Army|General Officer-Commanding-in-Chief]], [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]]
| years = 1 June 2021 – 31 January 2022
| before = [[Anil Chauhan]]
| after = [[Rana Pratap Kalita]]
}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command]]
| years = 1 June 2020 – 31 May 2021
| before = [[Podali Shankar Rajeshwar]]
| after = [[Ajai Singh (general, CINCAN)|Ajai Singh]]
}}
{{succession box
| title = [[General Officer Commanding]] [[IV Corps (India)|IV Corps]]
| years = December 2018 - December 2019
| before = [[Gurpal Singh Sangha]]
| after = [[Shantanu Dayal]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Chief of the Army Staff (India)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pande, Manoj}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Chiefs of Army Staff (India)]]
[[Category:National Defence Academy (India) alumni]]
[[Category:National Defence College, India alumni]]
[[Category:Commanders-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command]]
[[Category:People from Nagpur]]
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Army War College, Mhow alumni]]
[[Category:Kendriya Vidyalaya alumni]]
[[Category:Indian alumni of Staff College, Camberley]]
[[Category:Lieutenant colonels]]

The Maverick Effect

2026-01-14T22:47:56Z

Jina m. butchart: Adding Initial Data Added Tags

{{Short description|Book by Harish S. Mehta}}
{{Infobox book
| name = The Maverick Effect
| author = Harish Mehta
| title_orig =
| translator =
| image = Coverpage of The Maverick Effect.jpeg
| caption =
| cover_artist =
| country = India
| language = English
| series =
| subject = Corporate history
| genre = Non-fiction
| publisher = [[HarperCollins]]
| pub_date = 2022
| pages = 398
| isbn = 978-9354895296
| website =
}}
'''''The Maverick Effect: The Inside Story of India's IT Revolution''''' is a non-fiction [[corporate history]] book authored by [[Harish S. Mehta|Harish Mehta]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Maverick Effect review: A story of what India can |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/books/2022/04/09/the-maverick-effect-review-a-story-of-what-india-can.html |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref> Published by [[HarperCollins|Harper Business]] in 2022, the book provides a detailed account of the growth and evolution of [[Software industry in India|India's software industry]] through the journey of [[NASSCOM]] and its early members.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kataria |first=Sanjiv |date=2022-04-25 |title=Maverick Effect: The Inside Story of India's IT Revolution |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/books/reviews/business-economy/maverick-effectthe-inside-story-of-indias-it-revolution/article65352966.ece |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian IT Services: The King's Horse Has Never Stopped Galloping |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/column/indian-it-services-the-kings-horse-has-never-stopped-galloping/84287/1 |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref>

== Overview ==
The book is both a memoir and a historical account that narrates the story of India's IT revolution, focusing on the establishment of NASSCOM in 1988. The book highlights the challenges faced by early entrepreneurs in the software industry during the [[Licence Raj]] and how their collective efforts led to the industry's global prominence.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-29 |title=The maverick who built Nasscom reveals birth pangs of tech sector |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/harish-mehta-the-maverick-who-built-nasscom/articleshow/107214586.cms |access-date=2024-09-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Harish Mehta, founder and executive chairperson of Onward Technologies, says he never regrets cutting up his Green Card |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/harish-mehta-founder-and-executive-chairperson-of-onward-technologies-says-he-never-regrets-cutting-up-his-green-card/articleshow/91349166.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''The Maverick Effect'' has been well received by critics and industry professionals. [[N. R. Narayana Murthy]], one of the key figures in India's IT revolution, endorsed the book, calling it an authoritative narrative on the growth of India's software industry.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kelkar |first=Suhit |date=30 April 2022 |title=Book review: Harish Mehta's 'The Maverick Effect' is an engaging 'biography of Nasscom' |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/features/book-review-harish-mehtas-the-maverick-effect-is-an-engaging-biography-of-nasscom-8435931.html |access-date=6 October 2024 |work=[[Moneycontrol]]}}</ref> The book has also been praised for its engaging style and comprehensive coverage of NASSCOM's journey.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-04 |title=Book Excerpt: The Maverick Effect by Harish Mehta - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/news/book-excerpt-the-maverick-effect-by-harish-mehta-13375232.htm |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-05 |title=Microsoft or Google may not spring from India, says IT industry veteran Harish Mehta |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/microsoft-or-google-may-not-spring-from-india-says-it-industry-veteran-harish-mehta-1945778-2022-05-05 |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Aaggarwal |first=Saaz |date=25 August 2022 |title=Review: The Maverick Effect by Harish Mehta |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/review-the-maverick-effect-by-harish-mehta-101661432513840.html |access-date=6 October 2024 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

=== Reviews ===

* {{Cite journal |last1=Paul |first1=Nabendu |last2=Gudadinni |first2=Mallikarjun |date=31 May 2023 |title=Harish Mehta, The Maverick Effect: The Inside Story of India's IT Revolution, HarperCollins Publishers, 2022. ISBN 978-93-5489-529-6 (PB). |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09718907231167961 |journal=Paradigm: A Management Research Journal |publisher=[[Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad]] |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=97–100 |doi=10.1177/09718907231167961 |via=[[SAGE Publishers]]|url-access=subscription }}

== See also ==

* [[Software Technology Parks of India]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maverick Effect}}
[[Category:Indian books]]
[[Category:Memoirs]]
[[Category:2002 non-fiction books]]

Bhanpuri Assembly constituency

2026-01-06T00:17:10Z

Jina m. butchart: creating a post

Bhanpuri Assembly constituency
{{Short description|Constituency of the Chhattisgarh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bhanpuri
| type= SLA
| state = Chhattisgarh
| established = 2003
| abolished = 2008<ref>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
| electors = 133,148
| mla = Kedar Kshyap
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
Bhanpuri Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Chhattisgarh]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
| [[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || Kedar Kshyap || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2003===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhanpuri<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2003 to the Legislative Assembly of Chhattisgarh |url=https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_CHH_Nov2003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114081955/https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_CHH_Nov2003.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Kedar Kshyap |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=41,023 |percentage=47.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Antu Ram Kashyap |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,631 |percentage=34.20% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Madhu Ram Muraya |party=Independent politician |votes=4,812 |percentage=5.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Lakhamu Bharti |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=4,624 |percentage=5.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Budhsan |party=Communist Party of India |votes=3,775 |percentage=4.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chaturbhuj Baghel |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,781 |percentage=3.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,392 |percentage=13.15% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=86,646 |percentage=65.08% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 133,148 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

{{coord missing|Chhattisgarh}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]
{{Chhattisgarh-geo-stub}}

1974 in India

2025-12-13T04:13:03Z

Jina m. butchart: adjusted information additionally and added references

{{short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Year in India|1974}}
Events in the year '''1974 in the Republic of India'''.

==Incumbents==
* [[President of India]] – [[V. V. Giri]] (until 24 August), [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]] (after 24 August)
* [[Prime Minister of India]] – [[Indira Gandhi]]
* [[Vice President of India]] – [[Gopal Swarup Pathak]] until 30 August; [[B.D. Jatti]]
* [[Chief Justice of India]] – [[Ajit Nath Ray]]

===Governors===
* [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] – [[Khandubhai Kasanji Desai]]
* [[List of governors of Assam|Assam]] – [[L. P. Singh]]
* [[List of governors of Bihar|Bihar]] – [[Ramchandra Dhondiba Bhandare]]
* [[List of governors of Gujarat|Gujarat]] – [[Kambanthodath Kunhan Vishwanatham]]
* [[List of governors of Haryana|Haryana]] – [[Birendra Narayan Chakraborty]]
* [[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]] – S. Chakravarti
* [[List of governors of Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir]] – [[L. K. Jha]]
* [[List of governors of Karnataka|Karnataka]] – [[Mohanlal Sukhadia]]
* [[List of governors of Kerala|Kerala]] – [[N. N. Wanchoo]]
* [[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]] – [[Satya Narayan Sinha]]
* [[List of governors of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]] – [[Ali Yavar Jung]]
* [[List of governors of Manipur|Manipur]] – [[L.P. Singh]]
* [[List of governors of Meghalaya|Meghalaya]] – [[L.P. Singh]]
* [[List of governors of Nagaland|Nagaland]] – [[L.P. Singh]]
* [[List of governors of Odisha|Odisha]] –
** until 20 August: [[Basappa Danappa Jatti]]
** 21 August-25 October: [[Gati Krushna Misra]]
** starting 25 October: [[Akbar Ali Khan (politician)|Akbar Ali Khan]]
* [[List of governors of Punjab, India|Punjab]] – [[Mahendra Mohan Choudhry]]
* [[List of governors of Rajasthan|Rajasthan]] – [[Sardar Jogendra Singh]]
* [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]] – [[Kodardas Kalidas Shah]]
* [[List of governors of Tripura|Tripura]] – [[L. P. Singh]]
* [[List of governors of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]] – [[Akbar Ali Khan (politician)|Akbar Ali Khan]] (until 25 October), [[Marri Chenna Reddy]] (starting 25 October)
* [[List of governors of West Bengal|West Bengal]] – [[Anthony Lancelot Dias]]

==Events==
*National income - {{INR}}793,779 million

=== January - March ===
* 3 January - A protest against 20% canteen fee hike in [[Lalbhai Dalpatbhai College of Engineering|Lalbhai Dalpatbhai College of Engineering, Ahmedabad]] turns into clashes with [[Gujarat Police|Police]] and later transformed to [[Navnirman Andolan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Goan Observer |date=2020-01-17 |title=1974 STRIKE INSPIRED JP MOVEMENT! |url=https://www.goanobserver.in/2020/01/17/1974-strike-inspired-jp-movement/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Goan Observer |language=en-US}}</ref>
* 5 January – [[Worli riots]] occurred in the [[chawl]] in the Worli neighborhood of Mumbai. The tensions prevailed till April.
* January – May [[1974 smallpox epidemic of India|smallpox epidemic]] in [[East India]].
* 19 February - [[Drillship]] Sagar Samrat struck oil at [[Bombay High]], 160 km off the shore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ONGC - Mumbai High blossomed from depth of 962 meters on Well H-1-1 this day in 1974 – a new era dawned!! |url=https://www.ongcindia.com/wps/wcm/connect/en/media/press-release/mumbai+high+blossomed+from+depth+of+962+meters+on+well+h+1+1+this+day+in+1974+++a+new+era+dawned+ |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=www.ongcindia.com}}</ref>
* 16 March – [[Navnirman Andolan]] (Re-construction movement) a socio-political movement started in 1973 December in Gujarat by students and middle-class against economic crisis and corruption in public life. The movement ended with the dissolution of the elected government of [[Chimanbhai Patel]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nav-nirman Andolan of Gujarat, 1973-74: A new awakening|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/youth-movements/story/20220103-nav-nirman-andolan-of-gujarat-1973-74-a-new-awakening-1892293-2021-12-25|access-date=2022-01-16|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
* 18 March – [[Bihar Movement]] started as a movement by students in Bihar led by the veteran Gandhian socialist [[Jayaprakash Narayan]], against misrule and corruption in the [[Government of Bihar]].
* 25 March – Gaura Devi and 27 women confronted loggers in [[Chamoli district]] in connection with [[Chipko movement]].
* 28 March - [[Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare|Minister of Food and Agriculture]] [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]] announced that [[Government of India]] has decided to scrap take over of wholesale wheat distribution.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Bernard |last=Weinraub |date=1974-03-29 |title=India Ending Take‐Over Of Distribution of Wheat |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/03/29/archives/india-ending-takeover-of-distribution-of-wheat-prices-up-36-per.html |access-date=2022-04-17 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

=== April - December ===
* 8 May – A [[1974 railway strike in India|railway strike]] started by 1.7 million workers of [[Indian Railways]]. The strike lasted for 20 days till 27 May 1974 and was the largest recorded industrial action in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-05 |title=It was 1974 total strike of Railways that first showed India what life was without trains |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/coronavirus-impact-indian-railways-stopped-once-upon-a-time-when-trains-stopped-in-their-tracks-6347633/ |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Better jail than rail: George Fernandes' slogan that led to Asia's biggest railway strike in 1974 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/jan/30/better-jail-than-rail-george-fernandes-slogan-that-led-to-asias-biggest-railway-strike-in-1974-1931637.html |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=The New Indian Express |archive-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329041811/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/jan/30/better-jail-than-rail-george-fernandes-slogan-that-led-to-asias-biggest-railway-strike-in-1974-1931637.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 18 May – Under project [[Smiling Buddha]], India successfully detonates its first [[nuclear weapon]] in the Thar Desert, and becomes the sixth nation to do so.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Nuclear Test at Pokhran in 1974 - India Nuclear Forces |url=https://nuke.fas.org/guide/india/nuke/first-pix.htm#:~:text=India%20conducted%20its%20first%20nuclear,a%20depth%20of%20107%20meters. |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=nuke.fas.org}}</ref>
* 28 June - [[Sirima–Gandhi Pact]] signed to solve the statelessness of [[Sri Lankan Tamils]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Premkumar |first=Rohan |date=2020-01-25 |title=Fifty years on, Citizenship Amendment Act brings new fears to Tamils repatriated from Sri Lanka |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/fifty-years-on-new-fears-for-repatriates/article61640688.ece |access-date=2022-04-17 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Phadnis |first=Urmila |date=1967 |title=The Indo-Ceylon Pact and the "Stateless" Indians in Ceylon |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2642476 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=226–236 |doi=10.2307/2642476 |issn=0004-4687|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* 5 July - [[Colaba]] area of [[Bombay]] registers intense rainfall of 57.5 cms in 24 hours.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 6, 2020 |first=Poonam |last=Ahuja |title=Mumbai records its second highest all-time rainfall after 1974 |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/mumbai-records-its-second-highest-all-time-rainfall-after-1974/articleshow/77395215.cms |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=Mumbai Mirror |language=en}}</ref>
* 11–17 November - [[1974 Indian Open]] held at [[Bombay]].

==Births==
*1 January – [[Abha Dawesar]], novelist.
*9 January – [[Farhan Akhtar]], actor.
*7 January – [[Varun Badola]], actor.
*[[File:Hrithik Roshan promoting Mohenjo Daro.jpg|thumb|135x135px|[[Hrithik Roshan]]]]10 January – [[Hrithik Roshan]], actor.
*25 February – [[Divya Bharti]], actress (died 1993).
*28 February – [[Sunil (actor)]], actor and comedian.
*8 March – [[Fardeen Khan]], actor.
*14 March {{ndash}} [[Rohit Shetty]], film director.
*22 April – [[Chetan Bhagat]], novelist.
*23 April – [[Shwetha Menon]], actor.
*[[File:Captain Vikram Batra Portrait.jpg|thumb|160x160px|[[Vikram Batra]]]]20 May – [[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]], film director, writer and actor.
*28 May – [[Mayur Puri]], screenwriter, lyricist, actor, filmmaker.
*30 May {{ndash}} [[Mohan Raja]], film director.
*7 June – [[Mahesh Bhupathi]], tennis player.
*[[File:Vijay at Protest of the Nadigar Sangam.jpg|thumb|135x135px|[[Vijay (actor)]]]]22 June – [[Vijay (actor)|Joseph Vijay]], actor and playback singer.
*22 June {{ndash}} [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]], actress.
*[[File:KarismaKapoor16.jpg|thumb|138x138px|[[Karisma Kapoor|Karishma Kapoor]]]]25 June – [[Karisma Kapoor]], actress.
*15 July – [[Neikezhakuo Kengurüse]], kargil hero. (died 1999).
*5 August – [[Kajol]], actress.
*9 September – [[Vikram Batra]], Indian Army-KARGIL HERO. (died 1999).
*25 September {{ndash}} [[AR Murugadoss]], film director.
*4 October- Subeer Sakssena- IT leader
*23 October – [[Aravind Adiga]], journalist and author, 2008 [[Man Booker Prize]] winner.
[[File:VVSLaxman.jpg|thumb|150x150px|[[VVS Laxman]]]]
*1 November – [[V. V. S. Laxman]], cricketer.
*9 November – [[Manav Gohil]], television actor<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/happy-birthday-manav-shalini-payal-malhar-pankaj-and-tanvi|title=Happy Birthday to Manav, Shalini, Payal, Malhar, Pankaj and Tanvi|publisher=tellychakkar.com|date=9 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111172612/http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/happy-birthday-manav-shalini-payal-malhar-pankaj-and-tanvi|access-date=2012-11-25|archive-date=11 November 2012}}</ref>
*19 December – [[Most valuable player|MVP]], Writer & Author.
*21 December – [[Sanjiv Chaturvedi]], Indian Forest Service officer.
*25 December {{ndash}} [[Nagma]], actress and politician.

==Deaths==
*2 January – [[Prabhas Chandra Lahiri]], revolutionary, politician and writer (b. 1893).
*4 February – [[Satyendra Nath Bose]], [[physicist]] (b. 1894).
*11 February – [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[Telugu Play Back Singer]] (b.[[4Dec 1922 in India|1922]]).
*23 September – [[Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur]], last [[Maharaja]] of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]], philosopher, musicologist, political thinker and philanthropist (b. 1919).
*6 October – [[V. K. Krishna Menon]], nationalist and politician (b. 1897).
*16 October – [[Chembai]], [[Carnatic music]] singer (b. 1895).
*16 October – [[Edasseri Govindan Nair]], poet, playwright and essayist (b. 1906).
*[[J. P. Chandrababu]], comedian-actor, singer and dancer (b. 1926).
*[[Kshetresa Chandra Chattopadhyaya]], scholar of [[Sanskrit]] (b. 1896).
*[[Sucheta Kriplani]], freedom fighter, politician and in Uttar Pradesh, became first woman to be elected [[Chief Minister]] of a state (b. 1908).
*[[Matthew Pothen Thekaekara]], scientist (b. 1914).

== See also ==
* [[List of Bollywood films of 1974]]

{{Years in India}}
{{Year in Asia|1974}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1974 in India}}
[[Category:1974 in India| ]]
[[Category:1974 by country|India]]
[[Category:Years of the 20th century in India]]
[[Category:1970s in India]]
[[Category:1974 in Asia]]

Kattanam

2025-12-10T21:24:42Z

Jina m. butchart:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kattanam
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Kattanam Valiyapally.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Kattanam Valiyapally during Perunnal
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|9.1764355|N|76.5641468|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| governing_body = Bharanikkavu Gram Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 19504
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 690503
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0479
| registration_plate = KL 31
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Kayamkulam
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 95.42%
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha Constituency]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Alappuzha]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala Legislative Assembly Constituency]]
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Kayamkulam]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Tropical]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kattanam'''<ref name="asianet news">{{cite web |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/topic/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82 |title=കറ്റാനം: Latest News, Photos, Videos on കറ്റാനം |publisher=Asianetnews.com |date= |access-date=2022-05-05 |archive-date=29 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829075550/https://www.asianetnews.com/topic/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82 |url-status=live }}</ref> is a village located in [[Alappuzha district]] of the [[India|Indian]] state of [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kattanam Census Town City Population Census 2011-2025 {{!}} Kerala |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/628291-kattanam-kerala.html |access-date=2025-12-10 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> It is in the southern part of the country, 2,200 km south of the capital [[New Delhi]].<ref name="censusindia">{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/Listofvillagesandtowns.aspx |title=Census of India : List of Towns and Villages |access-date=6 April 2013 |archive-date=28 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428051121/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/%28S%280huvcu2f4n0szkzslrmfbw2z%29%29/2011census/Listofvillagesandtowns.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kattanam is about 7.2 Km east of [[Kayamkulam]], 10 Km South of [[Mavelikkara]] and 22 Km West of [[Adoor]]. Kattanam is located about 15 metres above sea level. Kattanam Junction is one of the main Junctions in the [[State Highway 5 (Kerala)|SH - 5]] ([[Kayamkulam]] - [[Punalur]] Road).

Kattanam celebrates a lot of Cultural, Religious and Non-Religious festivals and programmes every year.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024|reason=Provide a link / website to a list of programs and festivals to justify the description "a lot."}}

Kattanam is known for [[St. Stephen's Orthodox Syrian Church, Kattanam|Saint Stephens Orthodox Syrian Church]], a parish church under the [[Mavelikara Orthodox Diocese|Diocese of Mavelikkara]] of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church. The parish was established in 1835 and is the largest church in Kattanam, currently serving 8,000 members in over 1,200 families.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kattanam Valiyapally |url=https://www.ocymkattanam.org/ |website=OCYM Kattanam |access-date=31 January 2025 |archive-date=19 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119092829/https://www.ocymkattanam.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Educational Institutions==
[[Pope Pius XI Higher Secondary School, Kattanam|Pope Pius XI Higher Secondary School]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Pope Pious Xi Hss Bharanikkavu High School, Kayamkulam - Admissions, Reviews, Fees and Address 2021|url=https://www.icbse.com/schools/pope-pious-xi-hss-bharanikkavu-771o83|access-date=2021-08-29|website=iCBSE|language=en-US}}</ref> is one of the main educational institutions situated in Kattanam. Other institutions are Mahatma English Medium School,<ref>{{cite web|title=MAHATMA ENGLISH MEDIUM UPS KATTANAM School- Kattanam, Kattanam {{!}} OruSchool.In|url=https://oruschool.in/india/mahatma-english-medium-ups-kattanam-school-kattanam|access-date=2021-08-29|website=oruschool.in}}</ref> St.Thomas Senior Secondary School,<ref>{{cite web|title=St Thomas English Medium School – Vission of the Future|url=https://stemskattanam.org/|access-date=2021-08-29|language=en-US|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829180828/https://stemskattanam.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> CMS High School,<ref>{{cite web|title=CMS HS KATTANAM - Bharanikkavu, District Alappuzha (Kerala)|url=https://schools.org.in/alappuzha/32110600204/cms-hs-kattanam.html|access-date=2021-08-29|website=schools.org.in|language=en|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829180824/https://schools.org.in/alappuzha/32110600204/cms-hs-kattanam.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Model Public School.<ref>{{cite web|title=Model Public School, Bharanickavu, Kayamkulam - Address, Fees, Admissions and Reviews 2021|url=https://www.icbse.com/schools/model-public-school-bharanickavu-2n2vew|access-date=2021-08-29|website=iCBSE|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Places of Worship==

Many religious institutions are situated at Kattanam. The Vetticode Nagaraja Temple<ref>{{cite web|title=Aadimoolam Vetticode Sree Nagarajaswami Temple|url=http://www.vetticodenagarajatemple.com/|access-date=2021-08-30|website=www.vetticodenagarajatemple.com|archive-date=9 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309115337/http://www.vetticodenagarajatemple.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> is situated just 3 Km away from the Kattanam Junction.

The Orthodox Christian Church St. Stephen's Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church<ref>{{cite web|title=St. Stephen's OCYM Kattanam- Kattanam Valiyapally|url=https://www.ocymkattanam.org/|access-date=2021-08-30|archive-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830032901/https://www.ocymkattanam.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> also known as Kattanam Valiyapalli is situated at the heart of Kattanam.

Other places of worship are, St. Stephen's Malankara Catholic Church,<ref>{{cite web|title=Kattanam St Stephens Malankara Syrian Catholic Church « HEYCHURCHES.IN|url=https://heychurches.in/01537104/Kattanam_St_Stephens_Malankara_Syrian_Catholic_Church|access-date=2021-08-29|website=heychurches.in|language=en-IN}}</ref> Bharanikkavu Devi Temple, Oorukkuzhi Devi Temple, St. Thomas Marthoma Church,<ref>{{cite web|title=Kattanam Marthoma Church. « HEYPLACES.IN|url=https://heychurches.in/02513028/Kattanam_Marthoma_Church.|access-date=2021-08-29|website=heychurches.in|language=en-IN}}</ref> Valiyaveedu Devi Temple, Sacred Heart Roman Latin Catholic Church, St. James CSI Church,<ref>{{cite web|title=St.James C.S.I Church, Kattanam {{!}} 0479 233 2439 {{!}} Kattanam|url=https://www.bharatibiz.com/en/st-james-c-s-i-church-kattanam-0479-233-2439|access-date=2021-08-29|website=BharatiBiz|language=en|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829182638/https://www.bharatibiz.com/en/st-james-c-s-i-church-kattanam-0479-233-2439|url-status=live}}</ref> and Mannadikkutti Devi Temple.

== See also ==
* [[Kayamkulam]]
* [[Mavelikkara]]
* [[Vallikunnam]]
* [[Charummoodu]]
* [[Pathiyoor]]
* [[Krishnapuram Palace]]
* [[Chettikulangara Devi Temple]]
* [[Bharanikkavu]]
* [[Oachira]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Alappuzha district}}

[[Category:Villages in Alappuzha district]]

Soft power of India in Africa

2025-11-27T18:42:11Z

Jina m. butchart: Adding A Details More To Come

{{Short description|none}}
{{AI-generated|date=August 2025}}

In response to the limitations of [[hard power]], some countries, including India, have increasingly incorporated [[soft power]] into their foreign policy, particularly in relations with developing nations.<ref>Muhidin J. Shangwe, "India's Soft Power in East Africa: Opportunities and Challenges," published online by Cambridge University Press, [https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/indias-development-diplomacy-and-soft-power-in-africa/indias-soft-power-in-east-africa-opportunities-and-challenges/B83E6DC26CAF8F211F7A9F4B52263102 Published online: 26 May 2022].</ref> In 1950, Indian Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] advocated for the integration of the [[Indian diaspora in Africa|Indian diaspora into African nations]]; however, in the 1990s, following the end of the [[Cold War]], India's foreign policy underwent a fundamental reassessment of the diaspora's role, utilizing these expatriate communities as a key element of soft power to elevate its global image.<ref>Abdessalam Jaldi, "The Indian Diaspora in Africa: An Instrument of New Delhi’s Soft Power in the Continent," [https://www.policycenter.ma/opinion/indian-diaspora-africa-instrument-new-delhi-soft-power-continent Published: October 12, 2021].</ref>

== Indian cinema ==
Since the early 20th century, Indian films have helped communities, especially in Africa, connect with their culture, offering insights into social values, fashion, and food at a time when travel to India was expensive. Scholars like Daya Kishan Thussu and [[Shashi Tharoor]] discuss Indian cinema as a form of 'soft power,' using culture to engage with international audiences. This approach has been used in India's foreign policy to strengthen ties with African countries and share Indian culture.<ref>Shehina Fazal, "The ‘Soft Power’ of Indian Cinema in Africa," [https://www.awaazmagazine.com/volume-20/issue-2-volume-20/the-soft-power-of-indian-cinema-in-africa Published online].</ref>

== The Indian diaspora in Africa ==
Between 1829 and 1924, around 769,437 Indians migrated to Mauritius, South Africa, Reunion, Seychelles, and East Africa. Today, the Indian diaspora spans 46 African countries, representing 12.48% of India's total diaspora population. The widespread presence of the Indian diaspora in Africa has played a role in shaping India's influence in the region.<ref>Rajneesh Gupta, "Indian Diaspora in Africa: Historical Roots and Current Strength," {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170226101415/http://grfdt.com/PublicationDetails.aspx?Type=Articles&TabId=1033 Published online]}}.</ref>

From 2002 to 2012, around $64 billion in investment flowed from Africa to India, with Mauritius—a nation with over 60% of its population of Indian descent—being the largest direct investor in India due to its favorable tax legislation and strong ties to the Indian diaspora. Indian-origin professionals hold important decision-making positions in African governments and businesses, such as [[Pravin Gordhan]] in South Africa and [[Navin Ramgoolam|Navinchandra Ramgoolam]] in Mauritius, illustrating the involvement of the diaspora in New Delhi's African policy and bilateral relations.<ref>Abdessalam Jaldi, "The Indian Diaspora in Africa: An Instrument of New Delhi’s Soft Power in the Continent," [https://www.policycenter.ma/opinion/indian-diaspora-africa-instrument-new-delhi-soft-power-continent Published online: October 12, 2021].</ref>

== Cultural diplomacy ==

[[File:Mazoezi ya yoga.jpg|thumb|This image shows a woman practicing Gorakshasana in a garden, highlighting the practice of [[Yoga]] in Africa.]]

India's cultural heritage includes traditional medicine, such as Ayurveda and yoga, which are practiced in various countries.<ref>Sh. Kiren Rijiju, "Promoting Ayush Practice in the International Sphere," Press Information Bureau, Government of India, February 9, 2021, [https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1696430](https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1696430).</ref>

India's soft power includes the global promotion of [[Yoga]], reflecting its cultural heritage and contributing to international relations. The establishment of International Day of Yoga by the UN highlights Yoga's role in India's cultural diplomacy efforts. Yoga has been used in India's cultural diplomacy and recognized in both regional and international contexts.<ref>Amb (Retd) Bhaswati Mukherjee, "India's Culture Diplomacy and Soft Power," Ministry of External Affairs, https://www.mea.gov.in/distinguished-lectures-detail.htm?855, October 18, 2019.</ref>

==See also==
* [[Africa–India relations]]
* [[Cultural diplomacy]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Power (social and political) theories]]
[[Category:Foreign relations of India]]
[[Category:Cultural diplomacy]]

Sauvira kingdom

2025-11-17T03:44:31Z

Jina m. butchart: Adding The Entry V1

{{Short description|Legendary kingdom mentioned in ancient Indian literature}}
{{for|the historical Iron Age kingdom|Sindhu-Sauvīra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{South Asia in 500 BCE||South Asia circa 500 BCE, with location of the Sauvira kingdom in the Indus Valley.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=145, map XIV.1 (d) |isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |access-date=16 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224162023/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Content mirrored from [[:File:Mahajanapadas_(c._500_BCE).png|this map]]</ref>}}

'''Sauvīra''' is an ancient kingdom mentioned in the [[Vedic period|Late Vedic]]<ref>Michael Witzel (1987), "On the localisation of Vedic texts and schools (Materials on Vedic Śākhās, 7)" in G. Pollet (ed.), ''India and the Ancient world. History, Trade and Culture before A.D. 650''</ref> and [[Pali canon|early Buddhist]] literature and the Hindu epic ''[[Mahabharata]]''. It is often mentioned alongside the [[Sindhu kingdom]] in the lower [[Indus Valley]]. Its capital city Roruka is identified with present-day [[Aror]]/[[Rohri]] in [[Sindh]] and is mentioned in the Buddhist literature as a major trading center.<ref>Derryl N. MacLean (1989), [https://books.google.com/books?id=xxAVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA63 ''Religion and Society in Arab Sind''], p.63</ref> According to the Mahabharata, [[Jayadratha]] was the king of the [[Sindhu kingdom|Sindhus]], Sauviras and [[Sivi kingdom|Sivis]], having conquered Sauvira and Sivi, two kingdoms close to the Sindhu kingdom. Jayadratha was an ally of [[Duryodhana]] and the husband of Duryodhana's sister Dussala. The kingdom of Sauvira is also stated to be close to the [[Dwaraka kingdom|Dwaraka]] and [[Anarta kingdom|Anarta]] kingdoms. According to Bhagwat Puran Sauviras were once connected with [[Abhira tribe|Abhira]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Eggermont|first=Pierre Herman Leonard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nG0_xoDS3hUC&dq=abhira+tribe&pg=PA146|title=Alexander's Campaigns in Sind and Baluchistan and the Siege of the Brahmin Town of Harmatelia|date=1975|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=978-90-6186-037-2|language=en}}</ref>

==Mahabharata==
{{multiple issues|section=yes|
{{disputed|date=November 2014}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2014}}
{{One source|date=September 2015}}
{{Expert needed|Indian history|reason=direct quotations should be converted to paraphrases and/or expanded upon|date=September 2015}}
}}

=== Cultural affinity ===
{{Main article|Bahlika Culture}}
Culturally, the Sauviras were mentioned by the character [[Karna]] as being similar to the [[Madra kingdom|Madras]]: "The Prasthalas, the [[Madra kingdom|Madras]], the [[Gandhara kingdom|Gandharas]], the [[Arattas]], those called [[Khasas (Mahabharata)|Khasas]], the Vasatis, the [[Sindhu kingdom|Sindhus]] and the Sauviras are almost as blamable in their practices." (8:44)<ref>{{cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 8: Karna Parva: Section 44|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m08/m08044.htm|publisher=Internet Sacred Text Archive|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

=== Military habits ===
<blockquote>The [[Gandharva kingdom|Gandharvas]] [or [[Gandhara kingdom|Gandharas]]], the [[Sindhu kingdom|Sindhus]], and the Sauviras fight best with their nails and lances. They are brave and endowed with great strength. Their armies are capable of vanquishing all forces. The Usinaras possess great strength and are skilled in all kinds of weapons. The Easterners are skilled in fighting from the backs of [[war elephants]] and are proficient with alternate fighting methods. The [[Yavana kingdom|Yavanas]], the [[Kamboja kingdom|Kamvojas]], and those that dwell around [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] are well skilled in fighting with bare arms. The Southerners are skilled in fighting sword in hand. (12:100)<ref>{{cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 12: Santi Parva: Rajadharmanusasana Parva: Section 101|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m12/m12a100.htm|publisher=Internet Sacred Text Archive|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref></blockquote>

=== Battles between Sindhu and Sauvira ===
In book 5, section 133 of the ''Mahabharata'', the character [[Kunti]] tells the story of '''Vidula'''. Vidula persuaded her son, who was the king of Sauvira but banished by the Sindhu king, to fight against the Sindhus and take back his kingdom from them: "And the princess Vidula, one day, rebuked her own son, who, after his defeat by the king of the [[Sindhu kingdom|Sindhus]], lay prostrate with heart depressed by despair." (5:133)<ref>{{cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: Bhagwat Yana Parva: Section 133|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m05/m05133.htm|publisher=Internet Sacred Text Archive|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref> "Rejoice, O son, and make thyself happy in the possession of wealth in the company of the daughters of the Sauviras and do not, in weakness of heart, be ruled over by the daughters of the Saindhavas." (5:134)<ref>{{cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: Bhagwat Yana Parva: Section 134|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m05/m05134.htm|publisher=Internet Sacred Text Archive|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref> "Pierced by the wordy arrows of his mother, the son roused himself like a steed of proud mettle and achieved [defeating the Sindhus] all that his mother had pointed out." (5:136)

=== Kings of Sauvira ===
==== Rahugan ====
There is a mention of King Rahugan meeting with Bharat followed by an extensive dialogue between them about life and its meaning.
<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhagvat Puran, Section 5, Chapter 10|url=https://archive.org/details/puran_bhagwat/page/n285/mode/2up}}</ref>

==== Suvira ====
The kingdom of Sauvira was founded by Prince Suvira, one of the sons of Sivi. The neighboring kingdoms of Madra, Kekaya, and Sindhu belonged to Madraka, Kekaya, and Vrsadarbh, the other three sons of Sivi.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}

==== Jayadratha ====
Jayadratha was the king not only of Sauvira but of [[Sindhu kingdom|Sindhu]] and other countries as well. (3:265)<ref>{{cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Draupadi-harana Parva: Section 265|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03265.htm|publisher=Internet Sacred Text Archive|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref> The warriors of the [[Sivi kingdom|Sivi]], Sauvira and [[Sindhu kingdom|Sindhu]] tribes were under the command of Jayadratha. (3:269)<ref>{{cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Draupadi-harana Parva: Section 269|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03269.htm|publisher=Internet Sacred Text Archive|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

In section 22 of book 11, Jayadradtha is again mentioned as the king of [[Sindhu kingdom|Sindhu]] and Saivira, and being married to — besides [[Dussala]] (the sister of [[Duryodhana]]) — two other wives, one from [[Gandhara kingdom|Gandhara]] and the other from [[Kamboja kingdom|Kamboja]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 11: Stri Parva: Stri-vilapa-parva: Section 22|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m11/m11021.htm|publisher=Internet Sacred Text Archive|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

Jayadratha is mentioned as the king of Sauvira at many places in the ''Mahabharata'', such as in this conversation between Jayadratha's ally Kotika and [[Draupadi]], the wife of the [[Pandavas]]: <blockquote>I am king Suratha's son whom people know by the name of Kotika, and that man with eyes large as the petals of the lotus, sitting on a chariot of gold, is the warrior known by the name of Kshemankara, king of [[Trigarta kingdom|Trigarta]]. And behind him is the famous son of the king of Pulinda, who is even now gazing on thee. Armed with a mighty bow and endued with large eyes, and decorated with floral wreaths, he always liveth on the breasts of mountains. The dark and handsome young man, the scourge of his enemies, standing at the edge of that tank, is the son of Suvala of the race of [[Ikshwaku]]. And if, O excellent lady, thou hast ever heard the name of '''[[Jayadratha]]''', the king of '''Sauviras''', even he is there at the head of six thousand chariots, with horses and elephants and infantry, and followed by twelve Sauvira princes as his standard-bearers, named Angaraka, Kunjara, Guptaka, '''Satrunjaya''', Srinjaya, Suprabiddha, Prabhankara, Bhramara, Ravi, Sura, Pratapa and Kuhana, all mounted on chariots drawn by chestnut horses. The brothers also of the king, viz., the powerful Valahaka, Anika, Vidarana and others, are among his followers. These strong-limbed and noble youths are the flowers of the Sauvira chivalry. The king is journeying in the company of these his friends. (3:263)<ref>{{cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Draupadi-harana Parva: Section 263|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03263.htm|publisher=Internet Sacred Text Archive|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref></blockquote>

==== Other Sauvira kings ====
A king named '''Satrunjaya''' among the Sauviras is mentioned at (12:139).<ref>{{cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 12: Santi Parva: Apaddharmanusasana Parva: Section 140|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m12/m12a139.htm|publisher=Internet Sacred Text Archive|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref> The whole chapter consists of a conversation between this king and a sage in the Bharadwaja clan. <blockquote>[[Arjuna]] and the other [[Pandava]] princes became so powerful that they slew in battle the great Sauvira who had performed a sacrifice extending over three years, undaunted by the raids of the ''[[Gandharva kingdom|Gandharvas]]'' [alternatively [[Gandhara kingdom|Gandharas]]]. And the king of the [[Yavana kingdom|Yavanas]] himself, whom the powerful [[Pandu]] even had failed to bring under subjection, was brought by Arjuna under control. Then again '''Vipula''', the king of the Sauviras, endued with great prowess, who had always shown a disregard for the [[Kuru kingdom|Kurus]], was made by the intelligent Arjuna to feel the edge of his power. And Arjuna also repressed by means of his arrows (the pride of) king '''Sumitra''' of Sauvira, also known by the name of Dattamitra[,] who had resolutely sought an encounter with him. (1:141)<ref>{{cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section 141|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01142.htm|publisher=Internet Sacred Text Archive|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref></blockquote>
A ''prajapati'' (patriarch) named [[Manu (Hinduism)|Manu]], and his descendants who ruled Sauvira, are described by [[Bhishma]]: <blockquote>Manu had a son [...] of the name of the [[Ikshwaku]]. [...] His tenth son [...] was named Dasaswa, and this virtuous prince of infallible prowess became the king of [[Mahismati]]. Dasaswa's son [...] was known by the name of Madiraswa and ruled over the Earth as her lord. He was constantly devoted to the study of the Vedas as also of the science of arms. Madiraswa's son was the king named Dyutimat who possessed great good fortune and power and strength and energy. Dyutimat's son was the highly devout and pious king who was famous in all the worlds under the name of Suvira. [...] Suvira too had a son who was invincible in battle, and who was the best of all warriors and known by the name of Sudurjaya.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 13: Anusasana Parva: Anusasanika Parva: Section 2|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m13/m13a002.htm|publisher=Internet Sacred Text Archive|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>(13:2)</blockquote>
King '''Suvira''' is also mentioned in Book 1, Section 67 as one of "many heroic kings on earth."<ref>{{cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section 67|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01068.htm|publisher=Internet Sacred Text Archive|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

King "'''Ajavindu''' among the Suviras" is mentioned as an annihilator of his own race. (5:74)<ref>{{cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: Bhagwat Yana Parva: Section 74|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m05/m05074.htm|publisher=Internet Sacred Text Archive|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

===Sauvira in the Kurukshetra War===
In the [[Kurukshetra War]], Sauvira sided with the [[Kauravas]] under their ruler [[Jayadratha]]. (6:71), (7:10,136)

"In [[Bhishma]]'s division were all the sons of [[Dhritarashtra]], and also Sala, who was a countryman of the [[Bahlika kingdom|Valhikas]], and also all those [[Kshatriyas]] called Amvastas, and those called [[Sindhu kingdom|Sindhus]], and those also that are called Sauviras, and the heroic dwellers of the country of the five rivers." (6:20)<ref>{{cite book|title=Mahabharata|date=2015|publisher=Northwestern University Press|isbn=978-0810130593|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yHfIBgAAQBAJ|page=516|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

"The Abhishahas, the Surasenas, the [[Sivi kingdom|Sivis]], and the Vasatis, the [[Salwa kingdom|Swalyas]], the [[Matsya kingdom|Matsyas]], the Amvashtas, the [[Trigarta kingdom|Trigartas]], and the [[Kekaya kingdom|Kekayas]], the Sauviras, the Kitavas, and the dwellers of the eastern, western, and northern countries were all resolved to fight reckless of the lives." (6:18)<ref>{{cite book|title=Mahabharata|date=2015|publisher=Northwestern University Press|isbn=978-0810130593|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yHfIBgAAQBAJ|page=513|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

Those warriors that are opposed to [[Arjuna]], viz., the '''Sauvirakas''', the [[Sindhu kingdom|Sindhava]]-Pauravas, headed by [[Karna]], are regarded as the foremost of car-warriors (7:108). "[M]any combatants also, belonging to the Nishadas, the Sauviras, the [[Bahlika kingdom|Valhikas]], the [[Darada kingdom|Daradas]], the Westerners, the Northerners, the [[Malava kingdom|Malavas]], the Abhighatas, the [[Surasena kingdom|Surasenas]], the [[Sivi kingdom|Sivis]], the Vasatis, the [[Salwa kingdom|Salwas]], the [[Scythians in the Mahabharata|Sakas]], the [[Trigarta kingdom|Trigartas]], the Amvashthas, and the [[Kekeya kingdom|Kekayas]], similarly fell upon him" (Arjuna). (6:118)<ref>{{cite book|title=Mahabharata|date=2015|publisher=Northwestern University Press|isbn=978-0810130593|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yHfIBgAAQBAJ|page=555|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref> [[Bhishma]] the son of Santanu, protected by the warriors headed by [[Sindhu kingdom|Saindhava]] and by the combatants of the East and the Sauviras and the Kekayas, [fought] with great impetuosity. (6:52)<ref>{{cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 6: Bhishma Parva: Bhagavat-Gita Parva: Section 52|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m06/m06052.htm|publisher=Internet Sacred Text Archive|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

"[T]he diverse tribes of the Sauviras, the Vasatis, and the Kshudrakas, and the Malavas, all these, at the command of the royal son of Santanu [Bhishma], quickly approached Kiritin [Arjuna] for battle." (6:59)<ref>{{cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 6: Bhishma Parva: Bhagavat-Gita Parva: Section 59|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m06/m06059.htm|publisher=Internet Sacred Text Archive|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

===Other references in the ''Mahabharata''===
* "Prompted by sinful motives, this one [meaning [[Shishupala]] of [[Chedi kingdom|Chedi]]] ravished the reluctant wife of the innocent Vabhru ([[Akrura]]) on her way from [[Dwaraka kingdom|Dwaraka]] to the country of the Sauviras."(2:44)<ref>{{cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 2: Sabha Parva: Shishupala-badha Parva: Section 44|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m02/m02044.htm|publisher=Internet Sacred Text Archive|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref> This is an indication of the ancient route that existed connecting Dwaraka and Sauvira.
*"Manasyu [a king in the line of [[King Porus|Puru]]] had for his wife '''Sauviri'''. And he begat upon her three sons called Sakta, Sahana, and Vagmi." (1:94)<ref>{{cite book|title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa|date=2012|publisher=Library of Alexandria|location=Kindle Edition|isbn=9781465526373|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygA2240G74kC&q=%22had+for+his+wife+Sauviri%22&pg=PT533|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref> (This may be coincidental.)
*Shalya is mentioned as belonging to the Sauvira clan at (8:9). (This could be a translation error.)

==Classical texts==
According to the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'', another Hindu text, the Sauviras were once connected with the [[Abhira tribe|Abhira]] tribe.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Eggermont|first1=Pierre Herman Leonard|title=Alexander's Campaigns in Sind and Baluchistan and the Siege of the Brahmin Town of Harmatelia|date=1975|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=978-9061860372|page=146|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nG0_xoDS3hUC&q=abhira+tribe&pg=PA146|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

The ''Compendium of [[Charaka]]'' ([[Sanskrit]] चरकसंहिता ''Charaka saṃhitā'') is an early text on [[Ayurveda]] (Indian traditional medicine) probably completed in its present form in the first few centuries AD.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Meulenbeld|first1=Gerrit Jan|title=A History of Indian Medical Literature|date=2002|publisher=Brill Academic Publishers|location=Groningen|isbn=978-9069801247|volume=1A|pages=7–180 |oclc=165833440}}</ref> In chapter 1 of the Vimānasthāna section of the ''Compendium'', at verse 18, the author notes that the people of Sauvīra are over-fond of salt in their diet, and even consume salt in milk. As a consequence they [are said to] suffer from ailments such as lethargy, slackness and weakness of body.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}

== See also ==
* [[Kingdoms of Ancient India]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
*[[Kisari Mohan Ganguli]], ''The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa Translated into English Prose'', 1883-1896.

{{Tribes and kingdoms of the Mahabharata}}
{{Mahabharata}}

[[Category:Kingdoms in the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Ancient history of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Former countries in South Asia]]

1992 elections in India

2025-10-22T07:19:48Z

Jina m. butchart:

{{Short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = Elections in India
| country = India
| previous_election = 1991 elections in India
| previous_year = 1991
| election_date = 1992
| next_election = 1993 elections in India
| next_year = 1993
}}
{{Politics of India}}

'''Elections in the Republic of India''' in ''1992'' included elections to the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]], seats in the [[Rajya Sabha]] and the elections to the posts of President and vice president.

==Punjab Legislative Assembly election==
{{Main|1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election}}
{{election table|title=Summary of results of the Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 1992<ref name="eci_nic_in1992">{{cite web |title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1992 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF PUNJAB |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1992/StatisticalReport%20Punjab%201992.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |accessdate=30 July 2018}}</ref>|sortable=yes}}
|- align=center
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable"|
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center|Political Party 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |No. of Candidates 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Seats won 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Number of Votes 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |% of Votes 
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|align="left"|[[Indian National Congress]]||116||87||13,17,075||43.83%
|-
| {{party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|align="left"|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]||58||3||1,56,171||5.20%
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|align="left"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]||66||6||4,95,161||16.48%
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|align="left"|[[Communist Party of India]]||20||4||1,09,386||3.64%
|-
| {{party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|align="left"|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]||105||9||4,90,552||17.59%
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|align="left"|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India (M)]]||17||1||72,061||2.40%
|-
|
|align="left"|[[Indian People's Front]]||2||1||2,292||0.08%
|-
| {{party color cell|Janata Dal}}
|align="left"|[[Janata Dal]]||37||1||64,666||2.15%
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
|align="left"|[[Independent (politician)|Independents]]||151||4||2,77,706||9.24%
|-
|
|align="left"|'''Total'''<ref>The total includes votes and contestants of all parties, even those who failed to win any seat.</ref>||'''579'''||'''117'''||''' 30,05,083'''||
|-
|}

==Rajya Sabha==
{{Main|1992 Indian Rajya Sabha elections}}

==President==
{{Main|1992 Indian presidential election}}
Source: Web archive of Election Commission of India website<ref>{{Cite web|title=Backgrounder|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/pr.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000529113554/http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/pr.html|archive-date=2000-05-29|access-date=|website=pib.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Election to the Office of President of India 2017|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/HandBooks/President_Election_08062017.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712110156/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/HandBooks/President_Election_08062017.pdf|archive-date=2017-07-12|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Media Division, Election Commission of India|page=30}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!Candidate
!Electoral Values
|-
|[[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
|675,864
|-
|[[George Gilbert Swell]]
|346,485
|-
|[[Ram Jethmalani]]
|2,704
|-
|[[Joginder Singh (politician)|Joginder Singh]]
|1,135
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''1,026,188'''
|-
|}

==Vice-president==
{{Main|1992 Indian vice presidential election}}
{{election table|title=Result of the Indian vice-presidential election, 1992<ref name=eci>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/President_VP_Elec2012/Vice%20Presidentail%20Election%20Background.pdf BACKGROUND MATERIAL REGARDING FOURTEENTH ELECTION TO THE OFFICE OF THE VICE-PRESIDENT, 2012, ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA]</ref>|sortable=yes}}
|- align=center
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable"|
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center|Candidate 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Party 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Electoral Votes 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |% of Votes 
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|align="left"|[[K. R. Narayanan]]||align="left"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]||700||99.86
|-
|
|align="left"|[[Joginder Singh (politician)|Joginder Singh]]||align="left"|[[Independent politician|Independent]]||1||0.14
|-
| colspan="5" style="background:#e9e9e9;"|
|-
! colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"| Total
! style="text-align:right;"|701
! style="text-align:right;"|100.00
|-
| colspan="5" style="background:#e9e9e9;"|
|-
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|Valid Votes||701||98.59
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|Invalid Votes||10||1.41
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|Turnout||711||90.00
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|Abstentions||79||10.00
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|Electors||790|| style="background:#e9e9e9;"|
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/statistical-report/statistical-reports/ |title=Election Results - Full Statistical Reports |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}

{{Indian elections}}

[[Category:1992 elections in India]]
[[Category:1992 elections in Asia|India]]
[[Category:1992 in India]]
[[Category:Elections in India by year]]

Shiromani Akali Dal (Panthic)

2025-10-07T21:02:55Z

Jina m. butchart: brief cleaned up details per standard format and corrected details

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{see also|Shiromani Akali Dal (disambiguation)}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian Political Party
| party_name = Shiromani Akali Dal (Panthik)
| founder = [[Captain Amarinder Singh]]
| foundation = 1991
| dissolution = 1997
| split = [[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
| merged = [[Indian National Congress]]
}}
'''Shiromani Akali Dal (Panthic)''' was a defunct Indian political party in Punjab.It is one of several hard-line splinter group, formed as a result of the split in [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] in 1991. SAD(P) was formed in 1990.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030614/main2.htm | title=Badal, Tohra factions unite | newspaper=The Tribune | date=14 June 2003 | location=India | accessdate=27 June 2018 }}</ref> It is led by [[Jasbir Singh Rode]]. The party was a [[Sikh]]-centered [[political party]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].

In January 1992 SAD (Panthik) merged with the [[Shiromani Akali Dal (Longowal)]]. Amarinder however felt marginalized, and in February 1997 the SAD (Panthik) was re-launched. On 12 September 1997 SAD (Panthik) merged with the [[Indian National Congress]] and Amarinder Singh became the president of Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee (PCC) replacing Rajinder Kaur Bhattal.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sikh politics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sikh politics]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Sikh political parties]]
[[Category:Political schisms]]
[[Category:1990 establishments in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1990]]
[[Category:Shiromani Akali Dal]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1997]]

{{India-party-stub}}

Namati

2025-09-28T10:20:37Z

Jina m. butchart: Adding a data!

{{Short description|Village in Assam, India}}
{{Orphan|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Namati
| other_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Map of Assam
| coordinates = {{coord|26.5210|91.4701|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nalbari district|Nalbari]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Subdivision (India)|Subdivision]]
| subdivision_name3 = Ghograpar
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
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| leader_party =
| leader_title =
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| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
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| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 3807
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 781349
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in India|STD Code]]
| area_code = 03624
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Census of India|Census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 303914
| footnotes =
| pushpin_map_alt = Nalbari district
| area_total_ha = 564.16
| registration_plate = AS-14
}}
'''Namati''' is a village in [[Nalbari district]], [[Assam]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Assam |title=Hand Book of Census of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Population of Assam, Based on the Census Report of 1971 |last2=General Administration Department |publisher=General Administration Dept., Govt. of Assam |year=1976 |location=Shillong |pages=30 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Anurag |first1=K |title=Assam CM happy with ULFA talks |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2008/jul/24ulfa.htm |access-date=19 July 2022 |publisher=[[Rediff.com]] |date=24 July 2008 |archive-date=30 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630014553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/jul/24ulfa.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Block-wise Village List |url=https://nalbari.gov.in/information-services/block-wise-village-list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701063225/https://nalbari.gov.in/information-services/block-wise-village-list |archive-date=1 July 2022 |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=Nalbari District {{!}} Government Of Assam {{!}} India}}</ref> As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Namati village has a total population of 3,807 people including 1,943 males and 1,864 females.<ref>{{cite web |title=POPULATION BREAKUP AS PER CENSUS-2011 |url=https://nalbari.gov.in/sites/default/files/swf_utility_folder/departments/nalbari_epr_amtron_in_oid_2/this_comm/pub_nalbari.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703045835/https://nalbari.gov.in/sites/default/files/swf_utility_folder/departments/nalbari_epr_amtron_in_oid_2/this_comm/pub_nalbari.pdf |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Nalbari district]]

{{India-geo-stub}}

Virajpet Nagar Panchayat

2025-09-15T16:44:57Z

Jina m. butchart: Adding Initial Data Initial Version

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Virajpet Town Panchayat
| native_name = ವಿರಾಜಪೇಟೆ ಪಟ್ಟಣ ಪಂಚಾಯತ್
| native_name_lang = kn
| transcription_name =
| legislature =
| logo_pic =
| logo_res =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| house_type = Town Municipal Council
| body =
| jurisdiction = Virajpet
| houses =
| term_limits =
| foundation = {{start date and age|1870}}
| disbanded =
| preceded_by = Virajpet Mandal Panchayat
| succeeded_by =
| new_session =
| leader1_type = President
| leader1 = Sushmitha T. R.
| party1 =
| leader2_type = Vice-President
| leader2 = Vinank Kuttappa
| party2 =
| seats = 18
| political_groups1 =
| political_groups2 =
| committees1 =
| committees2 =
| joint_committees =
| term_length = 5 years
| authority =
| salary =
| seats1_title =
| seats1 =
| seats2_title =
| seats2 =
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post]]
| voting_system2 =
| first_election1 =
| first_election2 =
| first_election3 =
| last_election1 =
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| last_election3 =
| next_election1 =
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| next_election3 =
| redistricting =
| motto =
| session_room =
| session_res =
| session_alt =
| meeting_place = Virajpete Town Panchayat Office
| website = {{URL|virajpettown.mrc.gov.in}}
| constitution =
| footnotes =
}}
The '''Virajpet Town Panchayat''' is a [[town panchayat]] that is in charge of the civic and infrastructural assets of [[Virajpet]], a town in the [[Administrative divisions of India|district]] of [[Kodagu district|Kodagu]] in the Indian [[States and union territories of India|State]] of [[Karnataka]]. It administers an area of {{convert|8.26|km2|sqmi|2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Virajpet Town Panchayat About Us|url=http://www.virajpettown.mrc.gov.in/node/46|publisher=virajpettown.mrc.gov.in|accessdate=23 February 2017}}</ref> The legislative body consists of 18 representatives called [[councillor]]s, one from each of the 18 [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|wards]] of the town.<ref>{{cite web|title=Delimitation of Wards|url=http://www.virajpettown.mrc.gov.in/sites/virajpettown.mrc.gov.in/files/delimitation_of_wards_-21-02-2017.pdf|publisher=virajpettown.mrc.gov.in|accessdate=23 February 2017|date=21 February 2017}}</ref> It is headed by a president.<ref>{{cite web|title=Council Members|url=http://www.virajpettown.mrc.gov.in/sites/virajpettown.mrc.gov.in/files/PDF/rti_41a41b.pdf|work=Virajpet Town Panchayat|page=156|type=pdf|accessdate=23 February 2017}}</ref>

==History==
A 'Municipal Committee' was first constituted for the town of Virajpet, then known as Virarajendrapet, in 1870, following the [[Governor-General of India|Viceroy]] [[Lord Mayo]]'s Resolution that envisaged decentralization of power to bring about administrative efficiency in meeting the demands of people and to add to the finances of [[British Raj|colonial regime]].<ref name="gazette">{{cite web|title=Local Self-Government|url=http://www.karnataka.gov.in/Gazetteer/Publications/District%20Gazetteers/Kodagu%20District%20(English)/1993/Kodagu%20Dist%20Gazetteer%201993%20Chp%2012.pdf|publisher=karnataka.gov.in/|type=pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223162159/http://www.karnataka.gov.in/Gazetteer/Publications/District%20Gazetteers/Kodagu%20District%20(English)/1993/Kodagu%20Dist%20Gazetteer%201993%20Chp%2012.pdf|archivedate=23 February 2017|accessdate=23 February 2017}}</ref> It was to have nine members, all nominated by the government, three of whom were ex-officio members from the government and the remaining were influential residents representing different classes and religious groups.<ref name="gazette"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Rice|first=Lewis|authorlink=Lewis Rice|chapter=History of Coorg|title=Mysore and Coorg, A Gazetteer compiled for the Government, Volume 3, Coorg|publisher=Bangalore: Mysore Government Press|year=1878|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZwIAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> The ex-officio members were the town's [[assistant superintendent]], assistant engineer and the local [[subedar]]. The powers to nominate the members were given to the [[List of Chief Commissioners of Coorg|Chief Commissioner of Coorg]] in 1916. The enactment of Coorg Municipal Regulation (II of 1907) gave authority to the municipal committees of Coorg to frame regulations, and increases their finances and carry out administration efficiently. In 1925, provisions were made to elect a president to the committee from among the non-official members.<ref name="gazette"/>

In an independent India, Virajpet was a part of the erstwhile [[Coorg State]]. In 1956, it became a part of [[Mysore State]] after the enactment of the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956|States Reorganisation Act]]. It was given the status of a municipality in accordance to the Karnataka Municipalities Act, 1964.<ref>{{cite web|title=THE KARNATAKA MUNICIPALITIES ACT, 1964|url=http://dpal.kar.nic.in/22%20of%201964%20(E).pdf|work=Department of Parliamentary Affairs & Legislation, Government of Karnataka|publisher=dpal.kar.nic.in|accessdate=23 February 2017}}</ref> In accordance to the provisions of the Act, the first elections were held in 1967 to elect 18 [[councillors]], one each from 18 wards. [[Universal suffrage]] had been introduced in India for the [[Indian general election, 1951–52|general election of 1951–52]].<ref>{{cite web|title=1952: India passes first test of democracy|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/10/newsid_3485000/3485587.stm|work=British Broadcasting Corporation|publisher=news.bbc.co.uk|access-date=23 February 2017}}</ref> In 1986, in accordance to the Karnataka Zilla Panchayat, Taluk Panchayat Samithis, Mandal Panchayats and Nyaya Panchayats Act, 1985, Virajpet was constituted as a panchayat at the inter-mediate level, the [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|mandal panchayat]]. Election to the council of the newly constituted panchayat was held for the first time in April 1990.<ref name="gazette"/>

==Finances==
[[Octroi]] and grants from the [[Government of Karnataka|State government]] were the main sources of finance for the municipality, apart from revenue from the town's taxpayers. In 1979, octroi on marketable commodities was abolished which resulted in considerable reduction in revenues for the municipality. In the same year, the government introduced a provision wherein octroi grant was released to the municipalities of the State. Income for the municipality rose from {{INR}}2,908 in 1873–74 to {{INR}}151,069 in 1960–61. Expenditures for the same were {{INR}}1,689 and {{INR}}166,295. They stood at over {{INR}}30 [[lakh]] in 1992–93.<ref name="gazette"/> For 2019–20, the income stood at {{INR}}5.89 [[crore]] and expenditure at {{INR}}4.3 crore, with a surplus of approximately {{INR}}1.59 crore.<ref>{{cite web |title=INCOME AND EXPENDITURE STATEMENT |url=http://www.virajpettown.mrc.gov.in/sites/virajpettown.mrc.gov.in/files/users/user4/home/city-finance-statistics/city-financials/income-expenditure/2019-2020.pdf |access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Local self-government in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.virajpettown.mrc.gov.in Virajpet Town Panchayat Website]

{{Kodagu district topics|state=autocollapse}}

[[Category:Local government in Karnataka]]

Sudha Belawadi

2025-09-09T20:54:08Z

Jina m. butchart: Adding New Info And Citations

{{short description|Indian film and television actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sudha Belawadi
| image = Sudha Belawadi (2002-03).jpg
| caption = Sudha Belawadi in 2003 telefilm, ′''Subbanna''′
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India
| native_name =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = {{hlist|Film actress|drama artist|television artist}}
| years_active =
| other names =
| relatives = [[Prakash Belawadi]] (brother)<ref>{{cite web |title=Dramatic journey |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/480638/dramatic-journey.html |website=Deccan Herald |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317164931/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/480638/dramatic-journey.html |archive-date=17 March 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Three generations come together for one film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Three-generations-come-together-for-one-film/articleshow/54655752.cms |website=The Times of India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319110120/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Three-generations-come-together-for-one-film/articleshow/54655752.cms |archive-date=19 March 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ಮನೆಮನೇಲಿ ಪುಟಾಣಿ ದೆವ್ವಗಳು! |url=http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2016/11/24/454360.html |website=prajavani.net |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317165056/http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2016/11/24/454360.html |archive-date=17 March 2018 }}</ref>
| mother = [[Bhargavi Narayan]]<ref name="BLF-2018-Bio">{{cite web |title=Bhargavi Narayan: Bio |url=http://bangaloreliteraturefestival.org/participant/bhargavi-narayan/ |website=bangaloreliteraturefestival.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317232051/http://bangaloreliteraturefestival.org/participant/bhargavi-narayan/ |archive-date=17 March 2018 }}</ref>
| spouse = M. G. Sathya Rao
| children = 2, including [[Samyukta Hornad]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Oggarane: Premiere |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/events/bangalore/oggarane-premiere/articleshow/36140540.cms |website=The Times of India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330073250/http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/events/bangalore/oggarane-premiere/articleshow/36140540.cms |archive-date=30 March 2015 }}</ref>
}}

'''Sudha Belawadi''' is an Indian actress<ref>{{cite web |title=Sudha Belawadi |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/sudha_belawadi/ |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216223159/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/sudha_belawadi/ |archive-date=16 December 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sudha Belawadi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Sudha-Belawadi |website=The Times of India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322053502/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Sudha-Belawadi |archive-date=22 March 2018 }}</ref> in the [[Kannada film industry]], and a [[Theatre of India|theatre]] artist in Karnataka, India.{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}} Some of the notable films of Sudha Belawadi as actress include ''[[Mathadana]]'' (2001), ''[[Mungaru Male]]'' (2006), ''[[Moggina Manasu]]'' (2008), ''[[Kaadu (1973 Kannada film)|Kaadu]]'' (1973).<ref>{{cite web |title=I'm not comfortable doing roles that I cannot relate to: Sudha Belawadi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/Im-not-comfortable-doing-roles-that-I-cannot-relate-to-Sudha-Belawadi/articleshow/31167363.cms |website=The Times of India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609094824/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/Im-not-comfortable-doing-roles-that-I-cannot-relate-to-Sudha-Belawadi/articleshow/31167363.cms |archive-date=9 June 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sudha Belawadi |url=https://www.facebook.com/Sudha-Belawadi-520769911428028/ |via=Facebook |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609110810/https://www.facebook.com/Sudha-Belawadi-520769911428028/ |archive-date=9 June 2018 }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=February 2024}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Sudha Belawadi |url=https://twitter.com/belawadisudha?lang=en |via=Twitter |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609110810/https://twitter.com/belawadisudha?lang=en |archive-date=9 June 2018 }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=February 2024}}

== Career ==
Sudha Belawadi has been a part of more than 70 films, many drama (theatre) plays,{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} and [[Soap opera|soaps]]/serials ''[[Manthana]]'', ''Manvanthara'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Manvanthara turns 200 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Manvanthara-turns-200/articleshow/11698976.cms |website=The Times of India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320105417/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Manvanthara-turns-200/articleshow/11698976.cms |archive-date=20 March 2018 }}</ref> ''[[Maha Parva|Mahaparva]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Seetharam reaches for the black coat again |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/seetharam-reaches-for-the-black-coat-again/article4798843.ece |website=The Hindu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407094128/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/seetharam-reaches-for-the-black-coat-again/article4798843.ece |archive-date=7 April 2014 }}</ref>

== Selected filmography ==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''[[Joke Falls]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Mungaru Male]]'' (2006)...Kamala
* ''[[Meera Madhava Raghava]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Yuga (2007 film)|Yuga]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Gaalipata]]'' (2008)...Ganesh's mother
* ''[[Moggina Manasu]]'' (2008)...Chanchala's mother
* ''[[Karanji (film)|Kaaranji]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Bhagyada Balegara (film)|Bhagyada Balegaara]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Prem Kahani (2009 film)|Prem Kahani]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Thamassu]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Panchamrutha]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Hejjegalu]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Bachchan (2013 film)|Bacchan]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Googly (2013 film)|Googly]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Vaastu Prakaara]]'' (2015)
* ''Puta Thirugisi Nodi'' (2016)
* ''[[Kaafi Thota]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Aduva Gombe]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Act 1978]]'' (2020)...Sabiha Bhanu
* ''[[Arishadvarga]]'' (2020)
* ''[[Gaalipata 2]]'' (2021)
* ''[[Mysore Masala: The UFO Incident]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Aachar & Co]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Kaasina Sara]]'' (2023)
* ''[[For Regn]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Max (2024 film)|Max]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Doora Theera Yaana]]'' (2025)
{{div col end}}

== Personal life ==
She is the daughter of Kannada actress Bhargavi Narayan and Belavadi Nanjundaiah Narayana (''a.k.a. 'makeup nani' ''), a Kannada film actor, and a makeup artist.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mahale to get Nani award |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Mahale-to-get-Nani-award/article16503416.ece |website=The Hindu |date=28 October 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609094824/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Mahale-to-get-Nani-award/article16503416.ece |archive-date=9 June 2018 }}</ref> Her siblings are Sujatha, Prakash and Pradeep.<ref>{{cite web |title=ಒಡವೆಯಂತೆ ಹೊಳೆವ ಅಮ್ಮನ ಪ್ರೀತಿ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.indiatimes.com/lavalavk/women/mother-daughter-supplement/articleshow/52089458.cms |website=The Times of India |date=4 May 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317232548/https://vijaykarnataka.indiatimes.com/lavalavk/women/mother-daughter-supplement/articleshow/52089458.cms |archive-date=17 March 2018 }}</ref> Prakash is an Indian theatre, film, television and media personality, and a [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in English|National Film Award]] recipient, for his directorial film [[Stumble (film)|Stumble]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |title=The 50th National Film Awards |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/the-50th-national-film-awards/220927 |website=outlookindia.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317165208/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/the-50th-national-film-awards/220927 |archive-date=17 March 2018 }}</ref>

Sudha is married to M.G.Sathya Rao and their children are Shantanu and Samyukta. Samyukta, is also a Kannada film actress.<ref name="R1">{{cite web |title=Lighting up her free time |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/568152/lighting-up-her-free-time.html |website=Deccan Herald |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317231800/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/568152/lighting-up-her-free-time.html |archive-date=17 March 2018 }}</ref><ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite web |title=Samyukta Hornad in awe of Prakash Raj |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Samyukta-Hornad-in-awe-of-Prakash-Raj/articleshow/32602979.cms |website=The Times of India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317231814/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Samyukta-Hornad-in-awe-of-Prakash-Raj/articleshow/32602979.cms |archive-date=17 March 2018 }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Bollywood}}
*[[List of people from Karnataka]]
*[[Kannada cinema|Cinema of Karnataka]]
*[[List of Indian film actresses]]
*[[Cinema of India]]
{{Clear}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|2590596|Sudha Belawadi}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Belawadi, Sudha}}
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kannada actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Actresses from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada theatre]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Narayana Panicker Kochupillai

2025-07-29T05:56:41Z

Jina m. butchart: Adding new entry!

{{Short description|Indian clinical endocrinologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Narayana Panicker Kochupillai
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = 10 February 1939
| birth_place = [[Kerala]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = [[Endocrinologist]]
| yearsactive =
| known for = [[Endocrinology]]
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] [[Dr. B. C. Roy Award]] Ranbaxy International Award ESI Lifetime Achievement Award Andhra Pradesh Diabetes Association Medal [[Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences|SGPGIMS]] FESTA Award [[Indian National Science Academy|INSA]] Shree Dhanwantari Prize
}}
'''Narayana Panicker Kochupillai''', popularly known as '''N. P. Kochupillai''', is an Indian clinical [[endocrinologist]], Professor Emeritus of the National Academy of Medical Sciences and a former head of the department of Endocrinology and Metabolism at the [[AIIMS, New Delhi|All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi]],<ref name="Endocrine disorders remain undetected and untreated in India">{{cite journal | title=Endocrine disorders remain undetected and untreated in India | author=Ganapati Mudur | journal=BMJ |date=January 1999 | volume=318 | issue=7178 | pages=216 | doi=10.1136/bmj.318.7178.216| pmid=9915725 | pmc=1114720 }}</ref> known to have contributed to the understanding of endemically prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorders.<ref name="INSA">{{cite web | url=http://insaindia.org.in/detail.php?id=N91-1077 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812214648/http://insaindia.org.in/detail.php?id=N91-1077 | url-status=usurped | archive-date=12 August 2016 | title=INSA | publisher=Indian National Science Academy | date=2015 | access-date=9 February 2015}}</ref> A winner of 2002 [[Dr. B. C. Roy Award]], he was honoured by the [[Government of India]] in 2003 with [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest Indian civilian award.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Padma Awards | date=2015 | access-date=6 February 2015 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Biography==
Narayana Panicker Kochupillai was born in the South Indian state of Kerala on 10 February 1939.<ref name="IAS">{{cite web | url=http://www.ias.ac.in/php/fell_detail.php3?name=Kochupillai&intials=Narayana&year=10-02-1939 | title=IAS | publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences | date=2015 | access-date=9 February 2015}}</ref> He graduated in science (BSc) from the [[University of Kerala]] and secured his graduate (MBBS) and masters (MD) medical degrees from the [[AIIMS, New Delhi|All India Institute of Medical Sciences]] (AIIMS), New Delhi.<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="IAS" /> His advanced residency on [[Immunoassay]] technology was completed at [[Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai]], New York under Dr. [[Rosalyn S. Yalow]].<ref name="INSA" /> His career started at AIIMS as a member of faculty and as a consultant endocrinologist where he rose to become the head of the department of endocrinology and metabolism.<ref name="Endocrine disorders remain undetected and untreated in India" /> An Emeritus Professor of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS), Kochupillai is a former president of the Endocrine Society of India and is the Director of Medical Research at [[M. S. Ramaiah]] Medical College, Bengaluru.<ref name="INSA" />

Kochupillai is reported to have over 35 years of research and teaching experience.<ref name="INSA" /> He is considered by many as a tertiary care specialist and his researches on internal medicine and clinical endocrinology are known to have assisted the medical fraternity to have a better understanding of the ''endemically prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorders''.<ref name="INSA" /> His researches have been documented by way of over 145 medical research papers published in peer reviewed journals and he has mentored many masters and doctoral students in their studies.<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="Worldcat Profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3AKochupillai%2C+Narayana.&qt=hot_author | title=Worldcat Profile | publisher=Worldcat | date=2015 | access-date=9 February 2015}}</ref> He has also conducted several medical conferences and has delivered keynote addresses.<ref name="Iodine nutrition, thyroxine and brain development : proceedings of the International symposium-cum-workshop on iodine nutrition, thyroxine and brain development held at All India institute of medical sciences, New Delhi, from February 23–28, 1985">{{cite journal | title=Iodine nutrition, thyroxine and brain development : proceedings of the International symposium-cum-workshop on iodine nutrition, thyroxine and brain development held at All India institute of medical sciences, New Delhi, from February 23-28, 1985 |author1=M. G. Karamarkar |author2=Narayana Kochupillai |author3=V Ramalingaswami | journal=Tata McGraw-Hill | year=1986|oclc = 879019005}}</ref>

Kochupillai, a [[Solomon Berson|Solomon A. Berson]] International Fellow, is an elected fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] (FNA), [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] (FASc) and the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]] (FAMS).<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="IAS" /> He received the Ranbaxy International Award in 1999 followed by [[Dr. B. C. Roy Award]], the highest Indian award in the medical category, in 2002.<ref name="INSA" /> The [[Government of India]] honoured him again in 2003 with the civilian award of [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="Padma Awards" /> He is a recipient of Andhra Pradesh Diabetes Association Medal in 2004, Endocrine Society of India Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005, FESTA Award of [[Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences]] in 2005 and Shree Dhanwantari Prize of [[Indian National Science Academy]] in 2009.<ref name="INSA" /> He has also delivered many award lectures such as Endocrine Society of India Annual Oration, Nutrition Society of India Srikantia Memorial Oration, [[Indian Science Congress Association|ISCA]] Platinum Jubilee Lecture, [[Indian Science Congress Association|ISCA]] Guha Memorial Oration and Uttar Pradesh Diabetes Association Sircar Oration.<ref name="INSA" />

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Endocrinology]]
* [[Metabolism]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Medicine}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite journal | title=Iodine nutrition, thyroxine and brain development : proceedings of the International symposium-cum-workshop on iodine nutrition, thyroxine and brain development held at All India institute of medical sciences, New Delhi, from February 23-28, 1985 |author1=M. G. Karamarkar |author2=Narayana Kochupillai |author3=V Ramalingaswami | journal=Tata McGraw-Hill | year=1986|oclc = 879019005}}
* {{cite web | url=http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3AKochupillai%2C+Narayana.&qt=hot_author | title=Worldcat Profile | publisher=Worldcat | date=2015 | access-date=9 February 2015}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Medicine}}
{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kochupillai, Narayana Panicker}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:Indian medical writers]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Indian endocrinologists]]
[[Category:Indian medical academics]]
[[Category:Indian medical researchers]]
[[Category:All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Dr. B. C. Roy Award winners]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Medical Sciences]]
[[Category:University of Kerala alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]

Balatkara Gana

2025-07-05T03:15:32Z

Jina m. butchart: minor improve section for accuracy and corrected details

{{short description|Ancient Jain monastic order in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
[[Image:Sonagir engraving2.jpg|thumb|right|325px|The sacred temple city at [[Sonagir]], a major center of [[Bhattaraka]]s of Balatkara Gana. From "India and Its Native Princes" By [[Louis Rousselet]], Charles Randolph Buckle London : Chapman and Hall, 1875]]
{{Jainism}}
'''Balatkara Gana''' is an ancient [[Jain]] [[monastic order]]. It is a section of the [[Mula Sangh]]. It is often termed ''Balatkara Gana Sarasvati Gachchha''.<ref>Jain Shilalekh Samgrah, Part 4, Vidyadhar Johrapurkar, Bharatiya Jnanapith, 1961</ref> Until the beginning of the 20th century, it was present in a number of places in [[India]].<ref>Vidaydhar Johrapurkar, Bhattaraka Sampradaya, Solapur, 1958</ref> However all its seats in North India became vacant in early 20th century. It survives only at [[Humbaj]] in [[Karnataka]], which is its ancient seat.

The [[Bhattaraka]] seat at Humcha was founded in the 8th century AD, during the reign of Jinadatta Rai, founder of the ruling dynasty of Santar. In 1048 AD, the Mahamandaleshwara Chandarayarus made a donation to a Bhattaraka of Balagara-gana at Balligame near Banavasi in present-day [[Karnataka]]. Thus, the Bhattaraka seat at [[Humbaj|Humcha]] (or Humbaj) may be one of the oldest of its kind. The current Bhattaraka Srimad [[Devendrakeerthi]] Bhattaraka Maharaj has supervised 31 pratishthas outside India.

Balatkara Gana arrived in North India in the 13th century as attested by inscriptions at Un (Vikram 1218), Ahar (Vikram 1228) and Hoshangabad (Vikram 1271.<ref>Bharatiya Digambar Jain Abhilekh, Madhya Pradesh: 13th Shati Tak, Dr. Kasturchand Jain Suman, 2001</ref>

There exists a chronology ([[Pattavali]]) of the northern Indian tradition the early part of which was composed during the time of Bhataraka Prabhachandra II. Early part of the chronology is supported by a 13th-century inscription associated with the building of the [[Kirti Stambh]] of [[Chittor]].<ref>Jain Shilalekh Samgrah, Part 5, Vidyadhar Johrapurkar, Bharatiya Jnanapith, 1971</ref>
The disciples of Bhattaraka [[Prabhachandra]] founded several branches and sub-branches in several regions of India.

==North India branches==
[[Prabhachandra]] (1318–1368) is regarded to be the first Bhattaraka of [[Delhi]] (see [[Jainism in Delhi]]) who reigned during 1318–1388. His pupil Padmanandi (1368–1418) had three disciples.
*[[Sakalakirti]] (1420–1475), first Bhattakra of [[Idar, Gujarat|Idar]] lineage.
* Devendrakirti, who had two disciples:
**Vidyanandi, who founded the Rander-[[Surat]] lineage.
**Tribhuvanakirti who founded the [[Chanderi]] lineage.
*Shubhachandra (1418–1450), whose disciple [[Jivaraj Papriwal|Jinachandra]] (1450–1514), both Bhattarakas of Delhi, had three pupils:
** Ratnakirti, founder of [[Nagaur]] lineage of 26 Bhattarakas into 20th century.
**Prabhachandra II, who had two pupils:
***Dharmachandra, founder of [[Chittore]]/[[Amer, India|Amer]]/[[Jaipur]] lineage
***Sumatikirti, founder of [[Gwalior]] lineage. A branch of this later managed [[Sonagir]] until 1974.

The dates for the Bhattarakas of Delhi were computed by Dr. Jyotiprasad Jain.<ref>Chronology of the Bhattarakas of Delhi, Dr. Jyotiprasad Jain, Anekanta Oct. 1964, pp. 159-164</ref>

==Pattavalis (pontifical genealogies)==

There exist several pattavalis of Mula Sangh-Balatkara Gana-Saraswati Gachchha.

* By Dr. Hoerncle, published in ''[[The Indian Antiquary]]'', Oct 1891, p341-361; March 1892, pp. 57–85 .<ref>Dr. Hoerncle, Sarasvati gachha pattavali, Indian Antiquary, Vol. XX, Oct 1891, March 1892.</ref> These include Pattavalis
A (1840 CE Nagaur includes Jnatis), B(1840 Chittor includes Jnatis ), C (1450CE), D(1822-1826 CE), E (1880CE, includes Jnatis).
* Amer-Jaipur Pattavali, given by Siddhantacharya Phulachandra Shastri <ref>Siddhantacharya Phulachandra Shastri, Parwar Jain Samaj ka Itihas, 1990, Jabalpur</ref> (referred to as Ujjain Pattavali).
* Gwalior-Bateshwar Pattavali, given by Pt. Jhammanlal Jain Tarkatirtha.<ref>Pt. Jhammanlal Jain Tarkatirtha, Shri Lamechu Samaj ka Itihas, Calcutta, 1952</ref>

The pattavalis give the following segments<ref>Kailash Chandra Jain, Malwa through the ages, 1972,
Motilal Banarsidass</ref>

* Bhaddalpur, Dakshin Desh (South country) or Malwa, 26 Acharyas
* [[Ujjain]], 18 Acharyas
* Baran (Near Kota), 12 Acharyas
* [[Gwalior]] (or Chittor and Baghera), 14 Acharyas
* [[Ajmer]] (From Vishalakirti to [[Prabhachandra]], the last Acharya)
* [[Delhi]] (Bhattarakas Prabhachnadra, Padmanandi, Shubhachandra and [[Jinachandra]]

Because of occasional shifting, some of the monks may have lived in different places at different times, causing some disagreements in the pattavalis.

Three inscriptions describing the construction of [[Kirti Stambha]] of [[Chittor]] have been found that mention Vishalakirti-Shubhakirti-Dharmachandra thus conforming the names going back to 13th century.

==See also==
* [[Kirti Stambha]]
* [[Mula Sangh]]
* [[Bhattaraka]]
* [[Acharya]]
* [[Jainism in Delhi]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Jain Gurus}}
{{Jainism Topics}}

[[Category:Digambara sects]]

Rama Varma XIII

2025-05-29T02:48:39Z

Jina m. butchart: refine article further and updated info

{{Short description|Maharaja of Cochin from 1844 to 1851}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Refimprove|date = January 2015}}'''Rama Varma XIII''' (died July 1851) was an Indian monarch who ruled the [[Kingdom of Cochin]] from 1844 to 1851.

== Reign ==
Rama Varma was a nephew of [[Rama Varma XII]] and ascended the throne on his death in June 1844. He was the son of Ekkavu Thampuran, the ancestor of the present head of the household.

== Death ==

Rama Varma XIII died in July 1851.

== References ==

* {{Cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html#Kochin|title=List of rulers of Kochin|publisher=worldstatesmen.org}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Rama Varma XII]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Kingdom of Cochin|Maharaja of Cochin]]|years=1844–1851}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Kerala Varma IV]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varma, Rama, 13}}
[[Category:1851 deaths]]
[[Category:Rulers of Cochin]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]

{{India-royal-stub}}

Gadigachha

2025-05-20T00:26:22Z

Jina m. butchart: starting a pg - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gadigachha
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.407893|N|88.404087|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nadia district|Nadia]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.7029
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 14085
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 741315
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code = 03472
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Ranaghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranaghat]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Nabadwip (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nabadwip]]
| website = {{URL|http://nadia.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Gadigachha''' (also referred to as Gadigachhi) is a [[census town]] in the [[Nabadwip (community development block)|Nabadwip]] [[Community development block|CD block]] in the [[Krishnanagar Sadar subdivision]] of the [[Nadia district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=450| height=420| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|34|0|N|88|30|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Krishnanagr Sadar subdivision of Nadia district''' M: municipal town/ city, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: place of historical/ religious interest, T: place of tourist interest. Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|31|44|N|88|32|48|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1=Chapra | numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Chapra, Nadia]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|25|0|N|88|31|23|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Sonda | numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Sonda, Nadia]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|21|30|N|88|29|11|E}} | label-pos3=bottom|label3=Baruihuda | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Baruihuda]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|22|10|N|88|28|40|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Paschimbhatjangla | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Paschimbhatjangla]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|29|35|N|88|28|2|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Harindanga | numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Harindanga, Nadia]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|27|5|N|88|24|40|E}} | label-pos6=top|label6=Bamanpukur | numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Bamanpukur]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|25|50|N|88|25|10|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7=Tiorkhali | numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Tiorkhali]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|25|50|N|88|19|30|E}} | label-pos8=top|label8=Bablari |labela8=Dewanganj | numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[Bablari Dewanganj]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|23|40|N|88|24|14|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Gadigachha | numbered9=CT| mark-title9= Gadigachha (CT)|shape-color9=black| label-size9=13|label-color9=black 
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|22|55|N|88|23|50|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Majdia | numbered10=CT| mark-title10= [[Majdia, Nabadwip]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|22|50|N|88|23|0|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Char Maijdia | numbered11=CT| mark-title11= [[Char Maijdia]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|23|50|N|88|22|50|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Char Brahmanagar | numbered12=CT| mark-title12= [[Char Brahmanagar]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|46|14|N|88|17|13|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13=Mira | numbered13=CT| mark-title13= [[Mira, Nadia]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|37|38|N|88|12|16|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14=Matiari | numbered14=CT| mark-title14= [[Matiari, Nadia]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|37|15|N|88|23|48|E}} | label-pos15=top|label15= Jagadanandapur | numbered15=CT| mark-title15= [[Jagadanandapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|36|26|N|88|24|6|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Kshidirpur | numbered16=CT| mark-title16= [[Kshidirpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|23|35|N|88|32|10|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17=Krishnanagar |label-size17=13 | numbered17=M| mark-title17= [[Krishnanagar, Nadia]] (M)|label-color17=#800000
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|25|0|N|88|21|50|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18=Nabadwip |label-size18=13 | numbered18=M| mark-title18= [[Nabadwip]] (M)|label-color18=#800000
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|30|30|N|88|32|33|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Bangaljhi| numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Bangaljhi]] (R)| shape-color19=#C40000
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|25|7|N|88|41|50|E}} | label-pos20=top|label20= Krishnaganj| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Krishnaganj]] (R)| shape-color20=#C40000
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|24|53|N|88|43|10|E}} | label-pos21=bottom|label21= Majhdia| numbered21=R| mark-title21= [[Majhdia, Krishnaganj]] (R)| shape-color21=#C40000
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|29|30|N|88|46|36|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Gede| labela22= check point|numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Gede, Nadia]] (R)| shape-color22=#C40000
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|26|52|N|88|26|36|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= Ruipukur|numbered23=R| mark-title23= [[Ruipukur]] (R)| shape-color23=#C40000
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|22|55|N|88|30|25|E}} | label-pos24=right|label24= Asannagar|numbered24=R| mark-title24= [[Asannagar]] (R)| shape-color24=#C40000
|mark-coord25={{coord|23|22|0|N|88|25|42|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Bishnupur|numbered25=R| mark-title25= [[Bishnupur, Nadia]] (R)| shape-color25=#C40000
|mark-coord26={{coord|23|29|17|N|88|27|4|E}} | label-pos26=left|label26= Dhubulia|numbered26=R| mark-title26= [[Dhubulia]] (R)| shape-color26=#C40000
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|26|5|N|88|30|42|E}} | label-pos27=right|label27= Ghurni|numbered27=R| mark-title27= [[Ghurni]] (R)| shape-color27=#C40000
|mark-coord28={{coord|23|25|10|N|88|23|54|E}} | label-pos28=right|label28= Maheshganj|numbered28=R| mark-title28= [[Maheshganj]] (R)| shape-color28=#C40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|44|5|N|88|13|45|E}} | label-pos29=right|label29= Kaliganj| numbered29=R| mark-title29= [[Kaliganj, Nadia]] (R)| shape-color29=#C40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|41|50|N|88|17|1|E}} | label-pos30=right|label30= Debagram| numbered30=R| mark-title30= [[Debagram]] (R)| shape-color30=#C40000
|mark-coord31={{coord|23|35|35|N|88|20|57|E}} | label-pos31=left|label31= Nakashipara| numbered31=R| mark-title31= [[Nakashipara]] (R)| shape-color31=#C40000
|mark-coord32={{coord|23|36|38|N|88|23|0|E}} | label-pos32=left|label32= Bethuadahri| numbered32=R| mark-title32= [[Bethuadahri]] (R)| shape-color32=#C40000
|mark-coord33={{coord|23|42|37|N|88|12|24|E}} | label-pos33=right|label33= Juranpur| numbered33=R| mark-title33= [[Juranpur, Nadia]] (R)| shape-color33=#C40000
|mark-coord34={{coord|23|26|20|N|88|24|40|E}}| label-pos34=left|label34= Mayapur| numbered34=H| mark-title34= [[Mayapur]] (H) |shape-color34=#AA6666
|mark-coord35={{coord|23|47|11|N|88|17|26|E}}| label-pos35=top|label35= Palashi| numbered35=H| mark-title35= [[Palashi]] (H) |shape-color35=#AA6666
|mark-coord36={{coord|23|35|40|N|88|23|31|E}} | label-pos36=bottom|label36=Bethuadahari|labela36=Wildlife Sanctuary| numbered36=T|shape-color36= #74C365| mark-title36= [[Bethuadahari Wildlife Sanctuary]] (T)
|mark-coord37={{coord|23|31|30|N|88|19|0|E}}|label37= Bhagirathi| label-color37 = #77A1CB| label-angle37=0| label-pos37=top| label-size37=11| mark-size37=0| mark-title37=none
|mark-coord38={{coord|23|31|0|N|88|21|0|E}}|label38= River| label-color38 = #77A1CB| label-angle38=80| label-pos38=top| label-size38=11| mark-size38=0| mark-title38=none
|mark-coord39={{coord|23|32|0|N|88|28|0|E}}|label39= Jalangi River| label-color39 = #77A1CB| label-angle39=65| label-pos39=top| label-size39=11| mark-size39=0| mark-title39=none
|arc-coordA={{coord|23|48|0|N|88|41|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=40| arc-gapA=4.5| arc-radiusA=0.35}}

===Location===
Gadigachha is located at {{coord|23.407893|N|88.404087|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
Nadia district is mostly alluvial plains lying to the east of [[Hooghly River]], locally known as Bhagirathi. The alluvial plains are cut across by such distributaries as Jalangi, Churni and Ichhamati. With these rivers getting silted up, floods are a recurring feature.<ref>Gangopadhyay, Basudev, ''Paschimbanga Parichay'', 2001, {{in lang|bn}}, p. 70, Sishu Sahitya Sansad</ref> The Krishnanagar Sadar subdivision, presented in the map alongside, has the [[Hooghly River|Bhagirathi]] on the west, with [[Purba Bardhaman district]] lying across the river. The long stretch along the Bhagirathi has many swamps. The area between the Bhagirathi and the [[Jalangi River|Jalangi]], which flows through the middle of the subdivision, is known as Kalantar, a low-lying tract of black clay soil. A big part of the subdivision forms the Krishnanagar-Santipur Plain, which occupies the central part of the district. The Jalangi, after flowing through the middle of the subdivision, turns right and joins the Bhagirathi. On the south-east, the [[Churni River|Churni]] separates the Krishnanagar-Santipur Plain from the Ranaghat-Chakdaha Plain. The east forms the boundary with [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1910_PART_A_DCHB_NADIA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Nadia, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 13,14 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 15 October 2020 }}</ref> The subdivision is moderately urbanized. 20.795% of the population lives in urban areas and 79.205% lives in rural areas.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Nadia | work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 October 2020}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map. All the four subdivisions are presented with maps on the same scale – the size of the maps vary as per the area of the subdivision.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Gadigachhi had a total population of 14,085, of which 7,237 (51%) were males and 6.848 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 1,328. The total number of literate persons in Gadigachhi was 9,486 (74.36% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 2 October 2020}}</ref>

The following municipality and census towns were part of Nabadwip Urban Agglomeration in 2011 census: [[Nabadwip]] (M), [[Char Maijdia]] (CT), [[Char Brahmanagar]] (CT), [[Bablari Dewanganj]] (CT), [[Tiorkhali]] (CT), Gadigachha (CT) and [[Majdia, Nabadwip|Majdia]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | work= Constituents of Urban Agglomeration Having Population Above 1 Lakh |publisher= Census of India 2011 | access-date = 18 October 2020}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the ''District Census Handbook 2011, Nadia'', Gadigachha covered an area of 2.7029 km2. Among the civic amenities, the protected water supply involved tap water from untreated sources, hand pump. It had 3,076 domestic electric connections, 100 road light points. Among the medical facilities it had 1 maternity and child welfare centre, 5 medicine shops. Among the educational facilities it had were 7 primary school, 2 secondary schools. It had 5 non-formal education centres (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan). Among the social, recreational and cultural facilities, it had 1 orphanage, 3 cinema thetres, 1 public library. Three important commodities it produced were handloom sari, towel, lungi. It had the branch office of 1 nationalised bank.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1910_PART_A_DCHB_NADIA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Nadia, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 635-656; Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 635; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Page 641; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Page 643; Statement IV: Medical Facilities, Page 646; Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Page 655; Statement VI: Industry and Banking, Page 2833 | publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 30 September 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Nadia District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Nadia district]]

Thembavani

2025-05-05T07:40:15Z

Jina m. butchart: General improvements to article content

{{Short description|Tamil classic poetical work by Veeramamunivar}}
{{italic title}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=August 2020}}
{{Tone|date=December 2020}}
{{Format|date=December 2020}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
'''''Thembavani''''' ({{langx|ta|தேம்பாவணி}}; {{Translation|A Garland of Unfading Honey-Sweet Verses}}<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Thembavani-Garland-Unfading-Honey-Sweet-Verses/dp/1073061531/ Thembavani: A Garland of Unfading Honey-Sweet Verses /by Beschi S. J., Costanzo Giuseppe (Author), Beschi S. J., Fr Costanzo Giuseppe (Author), Veeramamunivar (Author), Dominic Raj M (Translator), Marudanayagam P (Introduction)]</ref>)<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Constanzo Giuseppe Beschi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jamessundarchithambaram.blogspot.com/2009/07/research-on-beschis-tembavani.html|title=James Sundar Chithambaram: Research on Beschi's Tembavani|first=James|last=Sundar|date=19 July 2009}}</ref> is a [[Tamil literature|Tamil]] classic [[Poetry|poetical work]] by [[Veeramamunivar]] ([[Constanzo Beschi|Costanzo Joseph Beschi]])<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Haskell |first=Yasmin |date=2021-04-19 |title=Translating Human and Divine Nature between Europe and China |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jjs/8/3/article-p483_483.xml |journal=Journal of Jesuit Studies |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=483–489 |doi=10.1163/22141332-0803P008 |s2cid=236575016 |issn=2214-1324|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Anandan |first=A. J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2sFUDwAAQBAJ&dq=thembavani&pg=PR7 |title=The Kingdom in a kingdom: English Methodist Mission in Mysore State 1813-1913 |date=2018-04-04 |publisher=SAIACS Press |isbn=978-93-86549-12-9 |language=en}}</ref> (Tamil : வீரமாமுனிவர்''')''' on the life of [[Saint Joseph]], the legal father of [[Jesus|Jesus of Nazareth]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ditchfield |first=Simon |date=2020-01-29 |title=Getting beyond "Jesuit Thinking". The "désenclavement" of Jesuit Studies Twenty Years on. Where We Are Now? |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jjs/7/2/article-p311_311.xml |journal=Journal of Jesuit Studies |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=311–318 |doi=10.1163/22141332-00702010 |s2cid=213900774 |issn=2214-1324|doi-access=free }}</ref> It is divided into thirty-six ''cantos'', containing 3,615 [[stanza]]s.

== Story ==
The poem begins with the birth of Joseph, called Valan. He becomes a staunch ascetic who later marries Mary, a resolute virgin. Through divine intervention, Mary gives birth to a son. The following episodes describe the family's lives. The work ends with Valan's coronation by the Triune God in heavenly glory. Finally, kings from the [[Holy Roman Empire]] ([[England]], [[Ireland]], [[Spain]], [[Gaul]], [[Prussia]], [[Norway]], [[Lusitania]], [[Genoa]], [[Etruria]], [[Parthia]], [[Cyprus]], and [[Paeonia (kingdom)|Paeonia]]) came to [[Vienna]] at the invitation of [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]] to install the statue of the hero of the epic.

''Thembavani'' has over 100 references to events and teachings in the Bible. It has an abundance of historical, biblical and fictional characters, including [[Moses]], [[Joshua]], [[Gideon]], [[Joseph]] of the [[Old Testament]], [[Samson]], [[David]] and [[Goliath]], [[Nebuchadnezzar]], [[Book of Tobit|Tobit]] and Tobias, [[John the Baptist]], [[Herod the Great|Herod]], Kunnan, Navakan, Surami, etc. Its actions take place in several places like [[Bethlehem]], [[Judea]], [[Nazareth]], [[Egypt]], [[Heliopolis (ancient Egypt)|Heliopolis]], [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]], [[Jericho]], [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]], [[Beersheba]], etc.

== Structure ==
The epic comprises 3,615 rhymed quatrains in Tamil with 90 variations, and M. Dominic Raj has translated it into English in unrhymed quatrains of free verse following the ‘Sprung Rhythm’ style of Hopkins. It comprises 3 Parts with 12 sections in each. There are 356 episodes that relate to births, deaths, journeys, wars, celebrations, happenings in the Netherworld, Hell, Heaven, etc. It contains philosophical and theological discussions on God, [[idolatry]], rebirth, Fate, virtue, asceticism, etc.

Thoroughly immersed in Tamil literature and culture, Beschi integrates several literary devices employed by classics such as ''[[Ramavataram|Kamba Ramayanam]]'' and ''[[Manimekalai]]''. This is evident in his description of landscapes.

== Reception ==
Prof. Alexander Beecroft of the [[University of South Carolina]] regards ''Thembavani'' as one of the five World Classics that are yet to be translated into English from their native languages. He places ''Thembavani'' as the third on the list.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Verso Five Book Plan: Untranslated World Literature |url=https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/news/1803-verso-five-book-plan-untranslated-world-literature |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Verso |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Tamil language}}

[[Category:Tamil-language literature]]
[[Category:Tamil poetry]]
[[Category:Christian poetry]]
[[Category:Saint Joseph (husband of Mary)]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Moses]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Joshua]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of David]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Nebuchadnezzar II]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of John the Baptist]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Herod the Great]]
[[Category:Indian Christian hymns]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian books]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Jesus]]
[[Category:Songs about Jesus]]
[[Category:Depictions of Jesus in literature]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of the Nativity of Jesus]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of the Passion of Jesus]]
[[Category:Biblical poetry]]
[[Category:Works based on the New Testament]]
[[Category:Jerusalem in fiction]]
[[Category:Works set in Palestine]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Mary, mother of Jesus]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Mary Magdalene]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Saint Peter]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of the Devil]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Judas Iscariot]]
[[Category:Depictions of the Biblical Magi in poetry]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Paul the Apostle]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Pontius Pilate]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Salome]]
[[Category:Works set in 1st-century Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Indian religious texts]]

Chagallu railway station

2025-03-02T23:37:53Z

Jina m. butchart: edit

{{Short description|Railway station in Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Chagallu
| type = [[Slow and fast passenger trains in India|Passenger train]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Chagallu railway station board.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address = [[Chagallu, East Godavari district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|16.9710991|N|81.6909939|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline}}
| elevation = {{convert|17|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/departures/chagallu-cu/3343|title=Chagallu/CU|access-date=27 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621165233/http://indiarailinfo.com/departures/chagallu-cu/3343|archive-date=21 June 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| line = [[Duvvada–Vijayawada section|Visakhapatnam–Vijayawada]] of [[Howrah–Chennai main line]] and
| other =
| structure = Standard (on-ground station)
| platform = 2
| loop tracks =
| tracks = 4 {{track gauge|1676mm}}
| parking = Available
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = [[25 kV AC]] [[Utility frequency|50 Hz]] [[OHLE]]
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = CU
| zone = [[South Coast Railway zone]]
| division = {{rwd|Vijayawada}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[South Coast Railway zone]]
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_type = India Andhra Pradesh
| map_dot_label = Chagallu railway station
| map_size = 260
| map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh
}}
'''Chagallu railway station''' (station code:CU<ref>{{cite web |title=Distances in kilometers between stations on the Nidadavolu Jn. – Kovvuru section |url=http://rbs.indianrail.gov.in/ShortPath/Rbs_pdf/LdtPart-i/ldtpart-i_scr.pdf |website=Indian Railways |access-date=29 April 2019 |page=2 |date=12 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414150809/http://rbs.indianrail.gov.in/ShortPath/Rbs_pdf/LdtPart-i/ldtpart-i_scr.pdf |archive-date=14 April 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>), is an [[Indian Railways]] station near [[Chagallu, West Godavari district|Chagallu]], a village in [[East Godavari district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It lies on the [[Vijayawada–Chennai section]] and is administered under [[Vijayawada railway division]] of [[South Coast Railway zone]]. Eighteen trains halt in this station every day. It is the 2607th-busiest station in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rpubs.com/probability/busystations|title=RPubs India|access-date=27 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612232949/http://rpubs.com/probability/busystations|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=February 2019}}

==History==
Between 1893 and 1896, {{convert|1288|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of the [[East Coast State Railway]], between [[Vijayawada]] and {{stnlnk|Cuttack}} was opened for traffic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1|title=Major Events in the Formation of S.E. Railway|publisher=South Eastern Railway|access-date=2013-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401151628/http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0%2C1|archive-date=2013-04-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> The southern part of the West Coast State Railway (from Waltair to Vijayawada) was taken over by Madras Railway in 1901.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history3.html |title = IR History: Part III (1900–1947)| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 2013-01-19}}</ref>

== Classification ==
In terms of earnings and outward passengers handled, Chagallu is categorized as a ''Non-Suburban Grade-6 (NSG-6)'' railway station.<ref name="station_categories">{{cite web |title=Stations – Category-wise (NEW) |url=https://scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,291,358,748,2213 |website=Portal of Indian Railways |access-date=23 April 2019}}</ref> Based on the re–categorization of Indian Railway stations for the period of 2017–18 and 2022–23, an NSG–6 category station earns nearly {{₹|1}} [[crore]] and handles close to {{Nowrap|1 million}} passengers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Categorization of Railway Stations |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=174916 |website=Press Information Bureau |access-date=20 May 2019 |date=21 March 2018}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IndiaRailInfo|3343}}
{{Adjacent stations|noclear=y
|system=Indian Railways|line=South Coast Railway zone|left=Pasivedala|right=Brahmanagudem|type=[[Duvvada–Vijayawada section|Visakhapatnam–Vijayawada]] of [[Howrah–Chennai main line]]}}

{{Railway stations in Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Railway stations in West Godavari district]]
[[Category:Vijayawada railway division]]

{{AndhraPradesh-railstation-stub}}

Dighikala West

2025-02-17T06:24:29Z

Jina m. butchart: starting stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name =Dighikala west
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type =Gram Panchayat
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25|40|48.0|N|85|13|12.0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[vaishali district|vaishali]]
| subdivision_type3
=Assembly Constituency
| subdivision_name3
=[[Hajipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|hajipur assembly constituency (AC.123)]]<ref>[http://ceobihar.nic.in/map/include/AC123.pdf The Chief Electoral Officer of Bihar official, Hajipur pdf]</ref>
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Dighikala west''' is a village in [[Hajipur]], [[vaishali district]], [[Bihar]] state of India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://soki.in/dighikala-west-hajipur-vaishali|title=Dighikala West, Hajipur Village information {{!}} Soki.In|last=|first=|date=|website=Soki.in|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408063940/http://soki.in:80/dighikala-west-hajipur-vaishali/ |archive-date=8 April 2014 |access-date=6 September 2019}}</ref>

==Geography==
This panchayat is located at {{coord|25|40|48.0|N|85|13|12.0|E|type:panchayat}}

==panchayat office==
samudayik bhawan Chak Bigha Jani (समुदाियक भवन Chak Bigha Jani )<ref>[http://biharprd.bih.nic.in/Docs/GP_OFFICE/Vaishali.pdf Panchayati Raj Department, Government of Bihar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103183509/http://biharprd.bih.nic.in/Docs/GP_OFFICE/Vaishali.pdf |date=3 November 2014 }} page number 7</ref>

==Nearest City/Town==
[[Hajipur]] ('''Distance 3 km''')<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/(S(3ird4ricndfyzx45tkdber3h))/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/View_data/Village_Profile.aspx village profile census government official website ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030104031/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/(S(3ird4ricndfyzx45tkdber3h))/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/View_data/Village_Profile.aspx |date=30 October 2014 }} State - Bihar, District- vaishali, Sub District - Hajipur</ref>

==Nearest major road highway or river==
NH 77 (National highway 77)
SH 49 ( state highway 49)
And
Railway line <ref>[http://vaishali.bih.nic.in/vaishali%20MAP.jpg Map - vaishali district official government website ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104113148/http://vaishali.bih.nic.in/vaishali%20MAP.jpg |date=4 November 2014 }} file type: image/jpeg, size:13.9 MB</ref>

==compass==
<ref>[http://ceobihar.nic.in/map/include/AC123.pdf The Chief Electoral Officer of Bihar official, Hajipur pdf]</ref>
{{Geographic location
|Centre =dighikala west
|North =[[bishunpur baladhari]]
|Northeast =[[dighikala east]]
|East =
|Southeast =
|South =
|Southwest =
|West =
|Northwest =
}}

==Villages in panchayat==
The following villages are in this panchayat<ref>[http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=99316&rlbtype=V Reports of National Panchayat Directory Ministry of Panchayati Raj Government of India List of Census Villages mapped for DIGHIKALA WEST Gram Panchayat, HAJIPUR, VAISHALI, BIHAR ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103224747/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=99316&rlbtype=V |date=3 November 2014 }} Report printed on 26/09/2014 National Panchayat Portal, Panchayat Informatics Division</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!s.n
!villages
|-
| 1||Dighi Kalan
|-
| 2||Jagdishpur
|-
| 3||Sair Chak
|-
| 4||Chak Faizullah
|-
| 5||Chak Bigha Jani
|-
| 6||Bagh Asdullah Arazi AzRakbe
|-
| 7||Adalpur
|-
| 8||Naurangabad
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{panchayat of Hajipur block}}
{{Tirhut Division}}

[[Category:Gram panchayats in Bihar]]
[[Category:Villages in Vaishali district]]
[[Category:Vaishali district]]
[[Category:Hajipur]]

Bellur (Kasaragod)

2024-12-20T22:29:16Z

Jina m. butchart: creating new entry.

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Belur
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|12.5847|N|75.1714|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati Raj (India)]]
| governing_body = Kodom-Belur Grama Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 8.9
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3,936
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], English<ref>{{cite web |title=The Kerala Official Language (Legislation) Act, 1969 |url=http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/kerala/1969/1969KERALA7.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911111246/http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/kerala/1969/1969KERALA7.pdf|url-status=usurped|archive-date=11 September 2014}}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 671543
| registration_plate = KL-14
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

''' Belur ''' is a Village and a [[Grama Panchayat]] in [[Kasaragod district]] in the state of [[Kerala]], India.<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |accessdate=2008-12-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archivedate=2008-12-08 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kasargod.nic.in/administration/pangrama.htm#BELUR |title=Kasargod -Grama Panchayat |access-date=15 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822163407/http://kasargod.nic.in/administration/pangrama.htm#BELUR |archive-date=22 August 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Demographics==
As of [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]], Belur village had a population of 3,936 with 1,929 males and 2,007 females. Belur village has an area of {{cvt|8.9|km2}} with 773 families residing in it. In Belur, 12.27% of the population was under 6 years of age. Belur had an average literacy of 84.74% higher than the national average of 74% and lower than the state average of 94%: male literacy was 89.76% and female literacy was 79.93%.

Belur [[Grama Panchayat]] had total population of 10,241 with 5,112 males and 5,129 females. Belur Panchayat has administration over the villages of Belur and [[Nettanige]]. 10.68% of the population in Belur Panchayat was under 6 years of age.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kerala |first1=Directorate of Census Operations |title=District Census Handbook, Kasaragod |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |page=80,81,144 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3201_PART_B_KASARAGOD.pdf |access-date=14 July 2020}}</ref>

==Administration==
Belur [[Grama Panchayat]] is part of [[Kasaragod (State Assembly constituency)]] under Kasaragod Loksabha constituency.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf
|title = Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies
|accessdate = 2008-10-18
|work = Kerala
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090304011026/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf
|archivedate = 2009-03-04
}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kasaragod district}}

[[Category:Suburbs of Kasaragod]]
[[Category:Villages in Kasaragod district]]
[[Category:Panchayats in Kasaragod district]]

{{Kasaragod-geo-stub}}