Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Juli Kishan

2023-09-15T20:22:07Z

JimmiJaiswal:

'''Juli Kishan''' (born 8 May 1999) is an Indian women's professional [[Association football|footballer]] from Rourkela, Sundergarh district, Odisha. She plays as a defender for Odisha FC in the [[Indian Women's League]] and represents the [[India women's national football team]]. Earlier, she played for Odisha Police and East Coast Railways.

== Early life ==
Juli was born in Rourkela to Yogeshwar Kishan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Orisports.com |url=https://www.orisports.com/PersonDetails.aspx?pId=MjM2MQ== |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=www.orisports.com}}</ref> She started playing football in 2016 with Young Association Club in Kuarmunda village. Former player and coach Gitanjali Khuntia spotted her at the U-19 Odisha State camp.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Release |first=Press |title=Juli Kishan becomes latest Odisha FC Women recruit! |url=https://www.arunfoot.com/juli-kishan-becomes-latest-odisha-fc-women-recruit/ |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=Arunava about Football |language=en-GB}}</ref> She was appointed as a constable by Odisha State Police in June 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Police |first=AIG of |title=Odisha Police State Headquarter office order |url=https://www.odishapolice.gov.in/sites/default/files/PDF/O.O.%20No.%20502_Pers-I%2C%20Dt.22.06.2021.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=www.odishapolice.gov.in}}</ref>

== Football career ==
2016: She started playing football and was selected for the Odisha team in July to play in the Junior under-19 women's National Football Tournament at Cuttack.<ref name=":0" />

10 September 2022: Senior India debut against Maldives at SAFF games.

September 2022: SAFF Women's Football Championship, Dasharath Stadium, Kathmandu, Nepal.

February 2023: Two friendly matches against Nepal, Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Chennai.

March 2023: Friendly matches against Jordan in Amman, and against Uzbekistan in Tashkent.

2023: She is among the 34 probables for the National camp of the Senior India team preparing for AFC Olympic Qualifiers Round 2 at Bhubaneswar from July 30.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Staff |title=Bhubaneswar welcomes the Indian Women's Football Team for National Camp including Manisa Panna, Juli Kishan, Tudu Jabamani and Pyari Xaxa |url=https://sportzpoint.com/football/bhubaneswar-welcomes-the-indian-womens-football-team-for-national-camp-including-manisa-panna-juli-kishan-tudu-jabamani-and-pyari-xaxa/ |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=SportzPoint |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Pragativadi News |title=Bhubaneswar welcomes the Blues Tigresses for National Camp |url=https://pragativadi.com/bhubaneswar-welcomes-the-blues-tigresses-for-national-camp/ |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=Pragativadi |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/96152?type=club The-AIFF.com]

[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women's footballers]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Odisha]]
[[Category:Footballers from Odisha]]
[[Category:India women's international footballers]]

Nav Bhatia

2023-09-14T22:36:26Z

JimmiJaiswal:

{{Short description|Canadian businessman and superfan}}
{{Use Canadian English}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nav Bhatia
| image = Nav Bhatia 2023FBWC 6-58.jpg
| alt = Portrait photograph of Bhatia wearing red at the Serbia vs. Canada 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup game
| caption = Bhatia in 2023
| children = 1
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1951|7|9|mf=yes}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| nationality = Canadian
| other_names =
| education = Mechanical engineering<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsb.com/speakers/nav-bhatia/|title=Diversity Speaker Nav Bhatia {{!}} Raptors Superfan|website=National Speakers Bureau|language=en|access-date=December 22, 2019}}</ref>
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[Businessman]]
| years_active = 1984–present
| employer =
| organization =
| agent =
| known_for = Superfan of the [[Toronto Raptors]]
| notable_works =
| party =
| boards =
| awards = [[Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame]] inductee<br>[[Top 25 Canadian Immigrants Award]]
| website = {{URL|navbhatiasuperfan.com}}
}}

'''Nav Bhatia''' (born July 9, 1951),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/raptors/opinion/2019/10/22/the-masai-ujiri-way-raises-the-bar-for-nba-championship-entry.html|title=The Masai Ujiri way raises the bar for NBA championship entry |work= The Star|language=en|access-date=December 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/the-world-is-falling-in-love-with-raptors-superfan-nav-bhatia-here-s-why-1.4441973|title=The world is falling in love with Raptors 'Superfan' Nav Bhatia, here's why|date=May 29, 2019|website=Toronto|language=en|access-date=December 1, 2019}}</ref> nicknamed the '''Raptors Superfan''', is a Canadian businessman and superfan of the [[Toronto Raptors]] basketball team. He founded and currently runs the Superfan Foundation to help unite people through the love of the sport.

Bhatia has attended every Toronto Raptors home game since 1995, temporarily ending in 2020 when he could no longer attend home games in-person due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and the [[2020–21 Toronto Raptors season|Raptors' temporary relocation to Tampa, Florida]]. His 26-years 100 percent Toronto home game attendance streak finally ended on December 10, 2021, when he was forced into isolation following a COVID-19 outbreak at an event he attended.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/basketball/nba/toronto-raptors-new-york-knicks-nba-recap-dec-10-1.6281913|title=Trent Jr., Barnes help Raptors hang on to beat Knicks in 1st absence of 'Superfan'|date=December 10, 2021|website=CBC.ca|language=en|access-date=December 11, 2021}}</ref> On June 19, 2018, Bhatia was named a recipient of the [[Top 25 Canadian Immigrants Award]].<ref>Rosella, Louie. (July 13, 2018).[https://www.mississauga.com/news-story/8727514-car-dealership-owner-raptors-superfan-recognized-as-top-canadian-immigrant/ "Car dealership owner, Raptors ‘superfan’ recognized as top Canadian immigrant"]. ''Mississauga.com''. Retrieved on January 27, 2020</ref>

== Career ==
Bhatia moved to [[Toronto]] in 1984 in the midst of [[1984 anti-Sikh riots|anti-Sikh riots in India]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Scott|last=Cacciola|title=Raptors Fan in Bad Times Tastes the Good|date=April 20, 2014|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/21/sports/basketball/a-die-hard-fan-is-loving-the-raptors-success.html|access-date=May 22, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsb.com/speakers/nav-bhatia/#/!|title=Nav Bhatia: Raptors Superfan & Top Auto Dealer|website=NSB.com|language=en|access-date=May 17, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://canadianimmigrant.ca/canadas-top-25-immigrants/canadas-top-25-immigrants-2018/nav-bhatia|title=Nav Bhatia: Superfan, super Canadian|website=CanadianImmigrant.ca|language=en|access-date=May 17, 2021}}</ref> He struggled to find work as a mechanical engineer and decided to work as a car salesman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nba/playoffs/2019/05/29/raptors-superfan-nav-bhatia-nba-finals/1276969001/|title=Meet Raptors superfan Nav Bhatia: 'I don't drink. I don't smoke. I don't womanize. I just Raptorize.'|website=USA Today|language=en|access-date=June 2, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/nav-bhatia-speaks-to-st-john-s-board-of-trade-1.5321036|title=Raptors superfan brings story of success and diversity to St. John's|website=[[CBC News]]|language=en|access-date=December 20, 2019}}</ref> He achieved a record 127 car sales in 3 months and bought the dealership 2 years later.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/basketball/nba/raptors-superfan-nav-bhatia-used-sports-acclimate-canada/|title=How Raptors Superfan Nav Bhatia used sports to acclimate to Canada – Sportsnet.ca|website=www.sportsnet.ca|access-date=June 2, 2019}}</ref> Bhatia is the owner of one of the top-selling [[Hyundai Motor Company|Hyundai]] car dealerships in Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://canada.autonews.com/article/20180118/CANADA/180119685/meet-the-famous-raptors-superfan-who-happens-to-be-a-top-hyundai-dealer|title=Meet the 'famous' Raptors superfan who happens to be a top Hyundai dealer|date=January 18, 2018|website=Automotive News Canada|language=en|access-date=June 2, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://heavy.com/sports/2019/05/nav-bhatia-net-worth-raptors-superfan/|title=Nav Bhatia, Raptors Superfan's Net Worth: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know|last=Dodge|first=Sam|date=May 30, 2019|website=Heavy.com|language=en|access-date=June 2, 2019}}</ref>

He founded the Superfan Foundation in 2018 as a way to bring diverse people in Canada and around the world together through sport.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://torontosun.com/sponsored/sponsored-sports/nav-bhatia-launches-the-superfan-foundation|title=Nav Bhatia launches the Superfan Foundation |work= Toronto Sun |date=July 12, 2018|language=en-CA|access-date=June 2, 2019}}</ref> He spends $300K every year to send thousands of kids to Raptors games.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mwsn.net/archives/6444|title=LISTEN: Touching Story of Raptors Superfan Nav Bhatia and Toronto|last=Schray|first=Gabriel|date=May 27, 2019|website=Midwest Sports Network|language=en-US|access-date=June 2, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://canadianimmigrant.ca/canadas-top-25-immigrants/canadas-top-25-immigrants-2018/nav-bhatia|title=Nav Bhatia|website=Canadian Immigrant|language=en-US|access-date=June 2, 2019}}</ref>

After the Toronto Raptors won the NBA Championship during the [[2019 NBA playoffs|2018–2019 season]], he became the first ever fan to receive an official [[NBA Championship ring]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/toronto-raptors-nba-championship-rings_ca_5db04933e4b08cfcc32566cd|title=Toronto Raptors Superfan Nav Bhatia Receives NBA Championship Ring|website=Huffington Post|author=Jon Rumley|language=en-US|date=October 24, 2019}}</ref>

In 2020, the [[Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame]] announced that Bhatia would be one of the first fans memorialized in its new superfan gallery for their 2020 induction class.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/15/us/nav-bhatia-superfan-basketball-hall-of-fame-trnd/index.html|title=Toronto Raptors superfan Nav Bhatia to be in new gallery at the Basketball Hall of Fame|website=[[CNN]]|author=Amir Vera|language=en-US|date=February 15, 2020}}</ref> He was officially inducted into the Hall of Fame on May 15, 2021, as part of their ceremonial induction weekend.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.si.com/nba/raptors/news/toronto-raptors-superfan-nav-bhatia-inducted-into-hall-of-fame?fbclid=IwAR0MsmTtlCEvj85hgsxw7-a_4RDxz9dsVeHFZXyocFVGKdNYLAAGE1L0CBs|title=Raptors Superfan Becomes 1st Fan Inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame|website=[[Sports Illustrated|SI.com]]|author=Aaron Rose|language=en-US|date=May 17, 2020}}</ref>

In 2021, Bhatia was announced as the subject of both ''Superfan: The Nav Bhatia Story'', a [[CBC Television]] documentary film which aired on December 3, 2021,<ref>Jenna Benchetrit, [https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/raptors-superfan-documentary-1.6271344 "Nav Bhatia's journey from newcomer to Raptors Superfan chronicled in new CBC doc"]. [[CBC News]], December 3, 2021.</ref> and ''Superfan'', an upcoming Hollywood studio biopic slated to star [[Kal Penn]] as Bhatia.<ref>Matt Grobar, [https://deadline.com/2021/12/kal-penn-to-produce-star-in-nav-bhatia-biopic-superfan-from-stampede-ventures-1234883852/ "Kal Penn To Produce & Star In Nav Bhatia Biopic ‘Superfan’ From Stampede Ventures"]. ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'', December 2, 2021.</ref>

== Personal life ==
Bhatia is known for being the Raptors’ biggest fan,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-48476301/nba-finals-the-toronto-raptor-superfan-who-s-not-drake|title=One of these guys is basketball's biggest superfan|website=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=June 2, 2019}}</ref> having attended every Raptors home game in the franchise's 25-year history from 1995 to 2020,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03flv6z|title=BBC Asian Network – Nihal, Nav Bhatia – Toronto Raptors Superfan|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=June 2, 2019}}</ref> until the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] forced the Raptors to temporarily play their [[2020–21 Toronto Raptors season|2020–2021 season]] in [[Tampa]], Florida. His 26-year 100% Toronto home game attendance streak finally ended on December 10, 2021, when he was forced into isolation due to attending an outbreak of COVID-19 at [[Masai Ujiri]]'s Giants of Africa Gala, which he attended.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/basketball/nba/toronto-raptors-new-york-knicks-nba-recap-dec-10-1.6281913|title=Trent Jr., Barnes help Raptors hang on to beat Knicks in 1st absence of 'Superfan'|date=December 10, 2021|website=CBC.ca|language=en|access-date=December 11, 2021}}</ref>

He is frequently invited to talk about basketball in the media.<ref>{{Citation|title='Superfan' Nav Bhatia on the Raptors' success|date=May 17, 2019|url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/canada/video/superfan-nav-bhatia-on-the-raptors-success~1686100|access-date=June 2, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=NBA TV Canada|title=Superfan Nav Bhatia Interviews The NBA's Rising Stars I NBA XL|date=February 28, 2019|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0buzg8ZE0fg|access-date=June 2, 2019}}</ref> He has an adopted daughter, Tia Bhatia, who is a YouTuber.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Toronto Raptors}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhatia, Nav}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian businesspeople]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Automobile salespeople]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Canadian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Canada]]
[[Category:People from Mississauga]]
[[Category:People from New Delhi]]
[[Category:Sports spectators]]
[[Category:Toronto Raptors]]

Vidhya Vijayakumar

2023-07-20T03:45:05Z

JimmiJaiswal:

{{Infobox person
| name = Vidhya Vijayakumar
| image = Vidhya-Vijayakumar-14-683x1024.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_place = [[Ottapalam]], [[Palakkad]], India
| birth_date =
| other_names =
| occupation = [[Actress]], [[Television presenter|Host]], [[Singer]], [[Dancer]]
| parents =
| years_active = 2016{{endash}}present|
}}
'''Vidhya Vijaykumar''' is an Indian actress and Television host who primarily appears in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] movies . Apart from movies, she also acted in numerous web series, primarily for the Malayalam YouTube channel [[Karikku]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ഇത് നമ്മുടെ താടു അല്ലേ? കരിക്ക് താരം വിദ്യ വിജയകുമാറിന്റെ ഫോട്ടോഷൂട്ട് ചിത്രങ്ങൾ |url=https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/photo-gallery/karikku-fame-vidhya-vijaykumar-bold-pictures-gets-sensational-in-social-media-118331 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=Zee News Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref> <ref name=":1" />

After her debut in [[Janatha Garage]] in an uncredited role, Vidhya rose to fame in the webseries Rock Paper Scissors created by Karikku.<ref name=":1">{{Citation |title=Rock Paper Scissors |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11194042/ |type=Short, Comedy |access-date=2023-07-13 |others=Vidhya Vijaykumar, Deepa Thomas, Sruthy Suresh |publisher=Karikku Media}}</ref> After this she went on to act on various Malayalam movies, starting with a minor role in [[Sunday Holiday]].

==Early career==
Vidhya hails from [[Ottapalam]] of [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]] district. Since childhood, Vidhya dreamt of becoming an actress. Though she studied computer application and journalism and secured a job at Infopark in Kochi, she quit her job to pursue her acting interest when she get the role in ''[[Sunday Holiday]]''.<ref name=":0" /> In 2020, Vidhya became runner up at [[Femina Miss India South|Miss South India]] only finishing after fellow Keralite Aiswarya S.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala’s Aiswarya wins Miss South India 2020 title {{!}} Unique Times Magazine |url=https://uniquetimes.org/keralas-aiswarya-wins-miss-south-india-2020-title/ |access-date=2023-07-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=https://www.facebook.com/manoramaonline |title=കേരളത്തിന്റെ ഐശ്വര്യ സജു ദക്ഷിണേന്ത്യൻ സുന്ദരി; വിദ്യ വിജയകുമാർ ഫസ്റ്റ് റണ്ണറപ്പ് |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/latest-news/2020/01/18/miss-south-india-2020.html |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Movies===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Notes
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|2016
|''[[Janatha Garage]]''|| Herself ||Uncredited ||
|-
|''2017''
|''[[Sunday Holiday]]''||Amritha|| Debut||<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title= |work=Deccan Chronicle |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/021018/new-girl-in-the-block.html}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|''[[Kaly (film)|Kaly]]''|| Sandra || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=filmitamasha |title=Vidhya Vijayakumar Stunning Photos, Biography, Wiki, Husband, Family, Instagram |url=https://filmitamasha.com/vidhya-vijayakumar/ |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=Filmi tamasha |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |2019||''[[Safe (disambiguation)|Safe]]''||Fiona Philip || ||<ref>{{Cite news |title=Safe Movie Review : The film deals with a relevant theme, but lacks cohesion |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/safe/movie-review/71651516.cms |access-date=2023-07-14 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''[[Aaha (2021 film)|Aaha]]''||Anu || ||<ref>{{Citation |last=Samuel |first=Bibin Paul |title=Aaha |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10501764/ |type=Drama, Sport |access-date=2023-07-14 |others=Indrajith Sukumaran, Santhy Balachandran, Amith Chakalakkal |publisher=Zsa Zsa Productions}}</ref>
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Malayalam film|1001 Nunakal]]''|| Aleena || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=VidyaaVijay🔆 on Instagram: "ജസ്റ്റ് അലീന, അല്ലെങ്കിൽ അലീന പാലത്തിങ്കൽ @thamarkv @salimahamedtp__d @i.am.hashim @jithin_stanislaus @nishadhyusuf @sudheesh.deiratravel @hashiktk @nnehanair @yakzangp @ashik__s @sonnerediteur p @g_kishore_gk @rajesh_adoor1 @srik_varier @1001nunakal #1001nunakal #1001nunakalthemovie Starring: @iamsudeepkoshy @shamla_hamza @vishnuagasthya @niiniinkassim @sajin_ali_pulakkal @remya.suresh @zhinzshan @anusha_vellavathukkal @vidhya.vijaykumar @noufalrahmann @sun_yat_sun @rashmiknair @sudheeshkscaria @pg_abhilash & @shaheenahamed.ae" |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Cp-LY1mtuC1/ |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=Instagram |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2023 || ''[[Janaki Jaane]]''
|Treesa
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=‘Janaki Jaane’ gets an OTT release date |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/janaki-jaane-gets-an-ott-release-date/articleshow/101514046.cms |access-date=2023-07-14 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Jackson Bazaar Youth]]''
|Sheela
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jackson Bazaar Youth Review: Promising premise undone by a lackadaisical narrative |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/review/2023/may/20/jacksonbazaaryouth-review-promising-premise-undone-by-a-lackadaisical-narrative-43652.html |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|}

===Television host===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Program
! Channel
! Notes
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|[[Super 4 (Indian TV series)|Super 4]]
|[[Mazhavil Manorama]]
|Musical Reality Show
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=https://www.facebook.com/manoramaonline |title=നടി വിദ്യ വിവാഹിതയായി; വരനൊപ്പം സൂപ്പർ ഫോർ വേദിയിൽ താരം; വിഡിയോ |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2021/01/25/anchor-vidhya-vijayakumar-got-married-latest-promo-video.html |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=https://www.facebook.com/manoramaonline |title=‘വാറ്റു ചാരായത്തിൽ നിന്നും സാനിറ്റൈസർ’; ‘ഗുലുമാലിലായി’ നടി വിദ്യ വിജയകുമാർ |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2020/05/12/gulumal-online-prank-video-with-actress-vidhya-vijayakumar-anoop-panthalam.html |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml}}</ref>
|}

===Web Series===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Web Series
! Channel
! Role
! Notes
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|Rock Paper Scissors
|[[Karikku]]
|Riya
|2019-2021
Episodes 14
|<ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=യൂട്യൂബ് ട്രെൻഡിംഗിൽ ‘ദൃശ്യം 2’ ടീസറിനെയും കടത്തിവെട്ടി ‘കരിക്ക്’ |url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/social/karikku-fliq-mini-web-series-tru-hair-rock-paper-scissors-latest-episode-448718/ |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=Indian Express Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=ഞെട്ടിക്കുന്ന പ്രകടനവുമായി താരങ്ങൾ, കൈയ്യടക്കമുള്ള തിരക്കഥയും ആവിഷ്കരണവും; ഹിറ്റ്ചാർട്ടിലിടം നേടി റോക്ക് പേപ്പർ സിസർ രണ്ടാം സീസൺ ക്ലൈമാക്സ് എപ്പിസോഡ്! |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/web-series/season-02-rock-paper-scissors-mini-webseries-final-episode-reveal-gets-attention/articleshow/81615002.cms |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=Samayam Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=FC |first=Team |title=Divakara Charitam, Rock Paper Scissors And Meenaviyal: 12 Malayalam Web Series On YouTube Worth Your Time |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/malayalam-web-series-on-youtube-divakara-charitam-rock-paper-scissors-meenaviyal-singappooram-archana-kavi-arun |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation |title=Rock Paper Scissors Season 2 {{!}} Single Watch {{!}} Karikku Fliq |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRT2j3GtG_I |access-date=2023-07-16 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation |title=Eastern Rock Paper Scissors {{!}} S01 Ep1 {{!}} Masala Tea {{!}} Karikku Fliq {{!}} Mini Webseries |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0_7E9w09zE |access-date=2023-07-16 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Reference==
<references />

==External links==
*{{imdbname|11089994}}
*[https://www.instagram.com/vidhya.vijaykumar/ Vidhya Vijaykumar]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijayakumar, Vidhya}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Palakkad]]

Head constable

2023-06-05T02:04:20Z

JimmiJaiswal:

{{short description|Rank in some police forces}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2008}}

'''Head constable''' was a rank used in some [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[British Empire|British colonial]] [[police]] forces, and is still used in the [[Law enforcement in India|Indian police]].

==England and Wales==
Originally, head constable was the normal title for the chief officer of a [[borough]] police force in England and Wales. Throughout the later 19th century and early 20th century, this title was superseded by [[chief constable]] in most forces. A few smaller borough forces and the [[Liverpool City Police]] retained it until it was finally abolished under the [[Police Act 1919]]. However, [[Winchester City Police]] appears to have retained the title until 1943, when it was amalgamated with [[Hampshire Constabulary]].

==India==
{{Further|List of police ranks in India}}{{See also|Senior Civil Police Officer|label 1=Sr. Civil Police Officer (SCPO)}}[[Image:Police Head Constable.png|thumb|90px|Insignia of an [[Indian Police Service|Indian Police]] officer with rank of head constable]]
Head constable in the [[Law enforcement in India|Indian police]] is equivalent to [[sergeant]] in police forces in other countries. Head constables wear three point-down [[Chevron (insignia)|chevron]]s on their sleeves or three bars on their [[epaulette]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.onestopias.com/indian-police-service/modern-ranks.asp |title=Indian Police Service - Modern ranks and rank badges - IPS Exam - Indian Police Services (IPS) Exam Notification - UPSC Exams |publisher=Onestopias.com |date= |accessdate=2021-12-18 |archive-date=2021-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118031101/http://www.onestopias.com/indian-police-service/modern-ranks.asp |url-status=live }}</ref> In [[Kerala Police]], the [[Senior Civil Police Officer]] (SCPO) holds the equivalent position of a head constable.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-10-28 |title=Kerala: Government relaxes grade norms for police officers |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/govt-relaxes-grade-norms-for-police-officers/articleshow/71787592.cms |access-date=2023-06-02 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Ireland and colonial police forces==
In the [[Royal Irish Constabulary]], [[Royal Ulster Constabulary]] (until its reorganisation in 1970), and some colonial forces such as the [[Palestine Police]], head constable was a rank between the sergeant and [[inspector]] grades, roughly equivalent to a [[warrant officer]] in the Army. In colonial forces, it was usually a rank held by Europeans only. Some colonial forces also had a higher rank of head constable major.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Police ranks]]
[[Category:Royal Irish Constabulary]]
[[Category:Royal Ulster Constabulary]]
[[Category:Police ranks of India]]
[[Category:Police ranks in the United Kingdom]]

{{law-enforcement-stub}}

Sardar Baldev Singh

2022-12-27T10:16:58Z

JimmiJaiswal: Page started.

#REDIRECT [[Baldev Singh]]

I. K. Gujral

2022-10-27T04:05:08Z

JimmiJaiswal: Added outline.

#REDIRECT [[Inder Kumar Gujral]]

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Tokheho

2022-05-22T23:16:45Z

JimmiJaiswal: Shared an influential publication.

#REDIRECT [[Tokheho Yepthomi]]

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GPS-aided GEO augmented navigation

2022-03-28T06:17:09Z

JimmiJaiswal: Published an enlightening piece.

{{Short description|GAGAN improves GNSS accuracy and modernizes Indian airspace management}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox
| name = GPS-aided GEO augmented navigation
| header1 = GEO augmented navigation system
| label2 =
| data2 =
| label3 = Type
| data3 = Regional [[GNSS augmentation#Satellite-based augmentation system|satellite-based augmentation system]]
| label4 = Developers
| data4 = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]], [[Airports Authority of India]]
| label5 = Accuracy
| data5 = {{cvt|1.5|m|disp=or}} (horizontal),<br />{{cvt|2.5|m|disp=or}} (vertical)
| label6 = Launched
| data6 = 2001
| label7 = Orbital radius
| data7 = 26,600 km (approx)
| label8 = Max operational life
| data8 = 15 years
| label9 = Fully operational by
| data9 = 2013–14<ref name="toi">{{Citation|title=Soon, safety in the sky as GPS-aided Gagan set to take off|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-23/india/30654769_1_satellite-navigation-system-gsat-10-gagan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108225643/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-23/india/30654769_1_satellite-navigation-system-gsat-10-gagan|url-status=dead|work=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=2014-01-08}}</ref>
| label10 = Project cost
| data10 = {{INRConvert|774|c|lk=on}}
| website = http://www.isro.gov.in/applications/satellite-navigation-programme
}}

The '''GPS-aided GEO augmented navigation''' ('''GAGAN''') is an implementation of a regional [[GNSS augmentation#Satellite-based augmentation system|satellite-based augmentation system]] (SBAS) by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/mindfly/ensuring-safety-and-reliabity-through-indigenous-satellite-navigation-system-gagan/|title=Ensuring safety and reliabity through indigenous satellite navigation system GAGAN|website=Times of India Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-07}}</ref> It is a system to improve the accuracy of a [[Satellite navigation|GNSS receiver]] by providing reference signals.<ref name="ASM">{{cite web |url=http://www.asmmag.com/news/india-approves-gagan-system |title=India Approves Gagan System |work=Magazine article |publisher=Asian Surveying and Mapping |access-date=2009-05-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519215721/http://www.asmmag.com/news/india-approves-gagan-system |archive-date=19 May 2009}}</ref> The [[Airports Authority of India]] (AAI)'s efforts towards implementation of operational SBAS can be viewed as the first step towards introduction of modern [[communication, navigation and surveillance]] / [[air traffic management]] system over the Indian [[airspace]].<ref name="mycoordinates.org">[http://www.mycoordinates.org/gagan-update-arjunsingh-mar-06.php GAGAN Update Dr. Arjin Singh, Additional GM, Directorate of Global Navigation System, Airport Authority of India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828035632/http://www.mycoordinates.org/gagan-update-arjunsingh-mar-06.php }}</ref>

The project has established fifteen Indian reference stations, three Indian navigation land uplink stations, three Indian mission control centres, and installation of all associated software and communication links.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/gagan-system-ready-for-operations/article5565700.ece| title = GAGAN system ready for operations - The Hindu| website = [[The Hindu]]| date = 11 January 2014}} </ref> It will be able to help pilots to navigate in the Indian airspace by an accuracy of {{convert|3|m|abbr=on}} This will be helpful for landing aircraft in marginal weather and difficult approaches like [[Mangalore International Airport|Mangalore International]] and [[Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport|Kushok Bakula Rimpochee]] airports.

==Implementation==
The {{INRConvert|774|c|lk=on}} project was created in three phases through 2008 by the [[Airports Authority of India]] with the help of the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]'s (ISRO) technology and space support.<ref name=Isro>{{cite news|title=Satellite Navigation – GAGAN|url=http://www.isro.org/scripts/futureprogramme.aspx#Satellite|access-date=13 June 2012|newspaper=ISRO website}}</ref> The goal is to provide navigation system for all phases of flight over the Indian airspace and in the adjoining area. It is applicable to safety-to-life operations, and meets the performance requirements of international civil aviation regulatory bodies.

The space component became available after the launch of the GAGAN payload on the [[GSAT-8]] communication satellite, which was successfully launched. This payload was also part of the [[GSAT-4]] satellite that was lost when the [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (GSLV) failed during launch in April 2010. A final system acceptance test was conducted during June 2012 followed by system certification during July 2013.<ref name=Isro/>

All aircraft being registered in India after 1 July 2021 are mandated to be outfitted with GAGAN equipment.<ref name="ICG15">{{Cite web|title=NavIC and GAGAN System Update|url=https://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/icg/2021/ICG15/04.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Technology ==

To begin implementing a satellite-based augmentation system over the Indian airspace, [[Wide Area Augmentation System]] (WAAS) codes for L1 frequency and L5 frequency were obtained from the [[United States Air Force]] and the [[United States Department of Defense]] in November 2001 and March 2005.<ref name="mycoordinates.org" /> The system will use eight reference stations located in [[Delhi]], [[Guwahati]], [[Kolkata]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], [[Jammu]] and [[Port Blair]], and a master control centre at Bengaluru. United States defence contractor [[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon]] has stated they will bid to build the system.<ref>[http://www.india-defence.com/reports-3966 Raytheon to bid for geosynchronous augmented navigation system (GAGAN) Project]</ref>

== Technology demonstration ==

A national plan for satellite navigation including implementation of technology demonstration system (TDS) over the Indian air space as a proof of concept had been prepared jointly by AAI and ISRO. TDS was successfully completed during 2007 by installing eight Indian Reference Stations (INRESs) at eight Indian airports and linked to the Master Control Centre (MCC) located near Bengaluru. Preliminary system acceptance testing has been successfully completed in December 2010.<ref name=Isro/> The [[ground segment]] for GAGAN, which has been put up by the Raytheon, has fifteen reference stations scattered across the country. Two mission control centres, along with associated uplink stations, have been set up at [[Kundalahalli]] in Bengaluru. One more control centre and uplink station are to come up at Delhi. As a part of the programme, a network of eighteen total electron content (TEC) monitoring stations were installed at various locations in India to study and analyse the behaviour of the [[ionosphere]] over the Indian region.

GAGAN's TDS signal in space provides a {{convert|3|m|abbr=on}} accuracy as against the requirement of {{convert|7.6|m|abbr=on}}. Flight inspection of GAGAN signal is being carried out at [[Calicut International Airport|Calicut International]], [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport|Rajiv Gandhi International]], [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport|Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International]] and [[Kempegowda International Airport|Kempegowda International]] airports and the results have been satisfactory so far.

=== Study of Ionosphere ===
One essential component of the GAGAN project is the study of the ionospheric behaviour over the Indian region. This has been specially taken up in view of the uncertain nature of the behaviour of the ionosphere in the region. The study will lead to the optimisation of the algorithms for the ionospheric corrections in the region.

To study the ionospheric behaviour more effectively over entire Indian airspace, Indian universities and research and development labs, which are involved in the development of regional based ionotropic model for GAGAN, have suggested nine more TEC stations.<ref name="mycoordinates.org"/>

== Technology Integration ==

GAGAN is now in operational phase and is compatible with other SBAS systems such as the [[Wide Area Augmentation System]] (WAAS), the [[European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service]] (EGNOS) and the [[MTSAT Satellite Augmentation System]] (MSAS) and will provide seamless air navigation service across regional boundaries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php/GAGAN|title=GAGAN - Navipedia|website=gssc.esa.int|access-date=2019-08-22}}</ref> While the ground segment consists of fifteen reference stations and a master control centre, which will have sub systems such as data communication network, [[GNSS augmentation#Satellite-based augmentation system|SBAS]] correction and verification system, operations and maintenance system, performance monitoring display and payload simulator, Indian land uplinking stations will have dish antenna assembly. The space segment will consist of one geo-navigation transponder.

== Effective flight-management system ==

A [[flight management system]] based on GAGAN will then be poised to save operators time and money by managing climb, descent and engine performance profiles. The FMS will improve the efficiency and flexibility by increasing the use of operator-preferred trajectories. It will improve airport and airspace access in all weather conditions, and the ability to meet the environmental and obstacle clearance constraints. It will also enhance reliability and reduce delays by defining more precise terminal area procedures that feature parallel routes and environmentally optimised airspace corridors.

* GAGAN will increase safety by using a three-dimensional approach operation with course guidance to the runway, which will reduce the risk of controlled flight into terrain i.e., an accident whereby an airworthy aircraft, under pilot control, inadvertently flies into terrain, an obstacle, or water.
* GAGAN will also offer high position accuracies over a wide geographical area like the Indian airspace. These positions accuracies will be simultaneously available to 80 civilian and more than 200 non-civilian airports and airfields and will facilitate an increase in the number of airports to 500 as planned. These position accuracies can be further enhanced with ground-based, augmentation system.

== Developments ==

The first GAGAN transmitter was integrated into the GSAT-4 [[geostationary orbit|geostationary]] satellite, and had a goal of being operational in 2008.<ref>[http://www.india-defence.com/reports/2239 ISRO, Raytheon complete tests for GAGAN satellite navigational system.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205075702/http://www.india-defence.com/reports/2239 }} India Defense Website. 20 June 2006.</ref><ref>K.N. Suryanarayana Rao and S. Pal. [http://www.aiaa.org/indiaus2004/Sat-navigation.pdf The Indian SBAS System – GAGAN] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061202180019/http://www.aiaa.org/indiaus2004/Sat-navigation.pdf }}. Abstract from the India-United States Conference on Space Science, Applications, and Commerce. June 2004.</ref> Following a series of delays, [[GSAT-4]] was launched on 15 April 2010, however it failed to reach orbit after the third stage of the [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle]] Mk.II that was carrying it malfunctioned.<ref name="GSAT-4 failure">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/article398070.ece|title=India's indigenous GSLV D3 rocket fails in mission|last=Subramanian|first=T. S.|work=The Hindu|access-date=15 April 2010}}</ref>

In 2009, [[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon]] had won an $82 million contract. It was mainly dedicated to modernise Indian air navigation system.<ref name="GovCon"/> The vice president of Command and Control Systems, Raytheon Network Centric Systems, Andy Zogg commented:

<blockquote>GAGAN will be the world's most advanced air navigation system and further reinforces India's leadership in the forefront of air navigation. GAGAN will greatly improve safety, reduce congestion and enhance communications to meet India's growing air traffic management needs<ref name="GovCon">{{cite news|title=Raytheon Wins $82M Air Navigation Contract From India|url=http://www.govconwire.com/2009/07/raytheon-wins-82m-air-navigation-contract-from-india/|access-date=29 September 2012|newspaper=GovCon Wire}}</ref></blockquote>

In 2012, the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO) received a "miniaturised version" of the device with all the features from [[Global Positioning System]]s (GPS) and [[Satellite navigation|global navigation satellite systems]] (GNSS). The module weighing just {{convert|17|g|abbr=on}}, can be used in multiple platforms ranging from aircraft (e.g. winged or rotor-craft) to small boats, ships. Reportedly, it can also assist "survey applications". It is a cost-efficient device and can be of "tremendous" civilian use. The navigation output is composed of GPS, [[GLONASS]] and GPS+GLONASS position, speed and time data. According to a statement released by the DRDO, G3oM is a state-of-the-art technology receiver, integrating Indian GAGAN as well as both global positioning system and GLONASS systems.<ref name=DC/>

According to Deccan chronicle:
<blockquote>[[G. Satheesh Reddy]], associate director of the city-based [[Research Centre Imarat]], said the product is bringing about a quantum leap in the area of GNSS technology and has paved the way for highly miniaturised GNSS systems for the future.<ref name=DC>[http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/nation/south/17-gm-device-guide-missiles-968 17-gm device to guide missiles] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905014057/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/nation/south/17-gm-device-guide-missiles-968 }} Deccan Chronicle.</ref></blockquote>

On 30 December 2012, the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), India provisionally certified the GPS-aided geo-augmented navigation (GAGAN) system to RNP0.1 (required navigation performance, {{convert|0.1|nmi|lk=in|disp=sqbr}}) service level. The certification enabled aircraft fitted with SBAS equipment to use GAGAN signal in space for navigation purposes.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.isro.org/pressrelease/scripts/pressreleasein.aspx?Jan03_2014 | title=GAGAN System Certified for RNP0.1 Operations | date=3 January 2014 | access-date=3 January 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104094243/http://www.isro.org/pressrelease/scripts/pressreleasein.aspx?Jan03_2014 | archive-date=4 January 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Satellites===

[[GSAT-8]] is an Indian geostationary satellites, which was successfully launched using [[Ariane 5]] on 21 May 2011 and is positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 55 degrees E longitude.

[[GSAT-10]] is envisaged to augment the growing need of Ku and C-band transponders and carries 12 Ku Band, 12 C Band and 12 Extended C Band transponders and a GAGAN payload. The spacecraft employs the standard I-3K structure with power handling capability of around 6 kW with a lift off mass of {{convert|3400|kg|abbr=on}}. GSAT-10 was successfully launched by [[Ariane 5]] on 29 September 2012.<ref name=Isro/>

[[GSAT-15]] carries 24 Ku band transponders with India coverage beam and a GAGAN payload. was successfully launched on 10 November 2015, 21:34:07 UTC, completing the constellation.

===Indian regional navigation satellite system (NAVIC)===
{{main|Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System}}
The Indian government has stated that it intends to use the experience of creating the GAGAN system to enable the creation of an autonomous regional navigation system called the [[Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System|''I''ndian ''R''egional ''N''avigation ''S''atellite ''S''ystem]] (IRNSS), operationally known as ''NavIC'' (acronym for ''Nav''igation with ''I''ndian ''C''onstellation).<ref>[http://www.isro.org/newsletters/spaceindia/aprsep2006/Satnavindustry.htm SATNAV Industry Meet 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070331145825/http://www.isro.org/newsletters/spaceindia/aprsep2006/Satnavindustry.htm }}. ISRO Space India Newsletter. April – September 2006 Issue.</ref>

IRNSS-1
Indian regional navigational satellite system (IRNSS)-1, the first of the seven satellites of the [[Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System]] constellation, carries a navigation payload and a C-band ranging transponder. The spacecraft employs an optimised I-1K structure with a power handling capability of around 1660W and a lift off mass of {{convert|1425|kg|abbr=on}}, and is designed for a nominal mission life of 10 years. The first satellite of IRNSS constellation was launched onboard [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (PSLV) (C22) on 1 July 2012. While the full constellation was planned to be realised during 2014 time frame, launch of subsequent satellites was delayed.{{citation needed}}

Currently all seven satellites are in orbit but in 2017 it was announced that all three [[rubidium]] based [[atomic clock]]s on board [[IRNSS-1A]] had failed, mirroring similar failures in the [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]] constellation. The first failure occurred in July 2016, following which two other clocks also failed. This rendered the satellite somewhat redundant and required replacement. Although the satellite still performs other functions, the data is coarse, and thus cannot be used for accurate measurements. ISRO plans to replace it with IRNSS-1H in July or August 2017.

Two more clocks in the navigational system had started showing signs of abnormality, thereby taking the total number of failed clocks to five.

As a precaution to extend the operational life of navigation satellite, ISRO is running only one [[Rubidium standard|rubidium atomic clock]] instead of two in the remaining six satellites. Each satellite has three clocks, therefore a total of 27 clocks for all satellites in the system (including standby satellites). The clocks of both IRNSS and GALILEO were supplied by SpectraTime. ISRO replaced the atomic clocks in two standby NavIC satellites. The setback comes at a time when IRNSS is yet to start commercial operations.

== Applications ==

Karnataka Forest Department has used GAGAN to build a new, accurate and publicly available satellite based database of its forestlands. This is a followup to the Supreme Court directive to states to update and put up their respective forest maps. The geospatial database of forestlands pilot has used data from the [[Cartosat-2]] satellite. The maps are meant to rid authorities of ambiguities related to forest boundaries and give clarity to forest administrators, revenue officials as also the public, according to R.K. Srivastava, chief conservator of forests (headquarters).<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/gagan-kicks-off-new-forest-database/article7118060.ece?w=city GAGAN kicks off new forest database]. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2015-04-21.</ref>

The [[Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services]] (INCOIS) along with AAI has launched a new satellite-based GEMINI (Gagan Enabled Mariner's Instrument for Navigation and Information) system that will alert deep-sea fishermen of upcoming disasters. The GEMINI app on the cellphone decodes the signals from GEMINI device and alerts the user on imminent threats like cyclones, high waves, strong winds along with PFZ and search and rescue mission.

Various Indian manufactured missiles including the [[BrahMos]] will use GAGAN for guidance.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Desi G3OM Makes BrahMos Smarter|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2014/jul/09/Desi-G3OM-Makes-BrahMos-Smarter-633541.html|access-date=2021-12-02|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[GNSS Augmentation]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*[http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=71321 Rs.378 crore aid for GPS-aided navigation system]

==External links==
*[http://www.isro.gov.in/applications/satellite-navigation-programme ISRO Satellite Navigation Programme] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804121009/https://www.isro.gov.in/applications/satellite-navigation-programme }}

{{Indian space programme}}
{{Satellite navigation systems}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gps Aided Geo Augmented Navigation}}
[[Category:Geographical technology]]
[[Category:Global Positioning System]]
[[Category:2001 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Navigation satellite constellations]]
[[Category:Satellite-based augmentation systems]]