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Royal Enfield

2026-05-07T05:47:01Z

JessDudley8515:

{{Short description|Indian motorcycle manufacturing company}}
{{About|the Indian motorcycle manufacturer|the former British motorcycle manufacturer|Royal Enfield (England)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Royal Enfield Motors Ltd.
| logo = Royal Enfield logo new.svg
| logo_alt = Royal Enfield logo
| image = 4th International Auto Show, Bangalore (2025) 190.jpg
| image_size = 225px
| image_caption = Royal Enfield at 4th International Auto Show, Palace Grounds, [[Bengaluru]] (2025)
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1955|df=yes}} (as Enfield Motors)
----
{{Start date and age|1901|df=yes}} (as [[Royal Enfield (England)|Royal Enfield England]])
| location = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]<ref name=Eicher_Annual_Report_2023-24>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eicher.in/content/dam/eicher-motors/pdf/Eicher-Motors-Integrated-Annual-Report-2023-24.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf |title=Eicher Motors Integrated Annual Report 2023-24}}</ref>
| areas_served = Worldwide
| key_people = B Govindarajan ([[Managing Director|MD]])
| products = [[Motorcycles]]
| production = {{increase}} 846,000 units (2018)
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|8965|c}} (2018)
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|2808|c}} (2018)
| net_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|1960|c}} (2018)
| num_employees =
| parent = [[Eicher Motors]]
| subsid = {{ubl
|Royal Enfield North America
|Royal Enfield UK
|Royal Enfield Brazil
|Royal Enfield Thailand
|[[Harris Performance Products]]
}}
| homepage = {{URL|www.royalenfield.com}}
}}

'''Royal Enfield''' is an Indian [[motorcycle]] manufacturer, headquartered and manufactured in [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu.<ref name=Eicher_Annual_Report_2023-24/> [[Royal Enfield (England)|Royal Enfield]] is the oldest motorcycle brand in continuous production.<ref name=old1>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/62218892.cms Can the oldest global motorcycle brand become sexy & cool to draw in a younger audience?], [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]], 23 December 2017.</ref>

The first Royal Enfield motorcycle was built in 1901 by [[Royal Enfield (England)]] of [[Redditch]], [[Worcestershire]], England, the company was responsible for the design and original production of the 1932 Royal Enfield Bullet, the longest-lived motorcycle design in history.<ref name="Pullen2021">{{cite book |last1=Pullen |first1=Greg |title=Royal Enfield: A Complete History |date=2021 |publisher=The Crowood Press |isbn=978-1-78500-853-5 |page=52 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JYsmEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT52}}</ref> Licensed in 1955, from the original [[Royal Enfield (England)]], by ''Madras Motors'', since 1993 a subsidiary of [[Eicher Motors]], an Indian automaker.<ref name=VarunSinha>{{cite web|url=http://profit.ndtv.com/news/market/article-royal-enfields-success-boosts-eicher-motors-fortunes-377714|title=Royal Enfield's success boosts Eicher Motors fortunes|publisher=[[NDTV]]|author-last= Sinha|author-first= Varun|date=15 January 2014|access-date=7 November 2015}}</ref> The company makes classic-looking motorcycles, including the [[Royal Enfield Bullet]], [[Royal Enfield Classic|Classic 350]], [[Royal Enfield Thunderbird]], [[Royal Enfield Meteor|Meteor 350]], Classic 500, [[Royal Enfield Interceptor 650|Interceptor 650]], Continental, and Hunter 350. Royal Enfield also makes adventure and off-road motorcycles like the [[Royal Enfield Himalayan]]. Their motorcycles are equipped with [[Single-cylinder engine|single-cylinder]] and [[Straight-twin engine|twin-cylinder]] engines.<ref name=Subramanian>{{cite news|last1=Subramanian|first1=Samanth|author-link=Samanth Subramanian|title=A Cult Motorcycle From India Takes on the World|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/04/business/international/a-cult-bike-from-india-takes-on-the-world.html|access-date=31 October 2015|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=3 January 2014|quote=A version of this article appears in print on 4 January 2014, on page B1 of the New York edition with the headline: A Cult Motorcycle From India Takes on the World.}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Royal Enfield Bullet.JPG|thumb|left|Bullet with plain "Enfield" tank badge]]
[[File:Royal Enfield Bullet Electra 350, pure black model 08.jpg|left|thumb|Royal Enfield Bullet Electra 350, Pure Black]]
[[File:Royal Enfield Electra - 04.jpg|thumb|Royal Enfield Bullet Electra 350, 2004]]
[[File:Royal Enfield Classic 350 2010 Model.jpg|thumb|Royal Enfield Classic 350, 2010 model]]
[[File:Royal Enfield logo.svg|thumb|Logo used from 1995 to early 2014]]
[[File:Royal Enfield Bullet, Lake Rewalsar. 2010.jpg|thumb|left|Royal Enfield Bullet, Lake Rewalsar. 2010]]
In the early 1950s the Government of India started looking for a suitable motorcycle for Police and Indian army to patrol on. In 1952 they chose the [[Royal Enfield Bullet]], in 1954 ordering 800 units of the 350 cc model. In 1955, [[Royal Enfield (England)]] partnered with ''Madras Motors'' to form 'Enfield India' to assemble, under [[License|licence]], the 350 cc Royal Enfield ''Bullet'' motorcycle in [[Chennai]] (now Chennai), including the factory tooling, sold to Madras Motors, later trading as Enfield India, then Royal Enfield.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History {{!}} Royal Enfield {{!}} "Made Like A Gun", Since 1901|url=https://royalenfield.com.au/about/|access-date=2021-02-03|website=Royal Enfield Australia}}</ref> By 1962, all components were made in India. Enfield India used the 1960 engine (with metric bearing sizes); Royal Enfield still makes essentially the same bike in 350 cc and 500 cc models, and now different models for other market segments.<ref name=RE>{{cite web|title=History|url=http://royalenfield.com/aboutus/history/|website=Royal Enfield – Official Website|access-date=4 November 2015}}</ref>

In the year 1990, Royal Enfield collaborated with the Eicher Group, an automotive company in India, and merged with it in 1994.<ref name=Lal>{{cite news|last1=Lal|first1=Siddhartha|title=Royal Enfield: Man among boys|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-01-03/news/28458658_1_siddhartha-lal-enfield-india-royal-enfield-bullet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017115939/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-01-03/news/28458658_1_siddhartha-lal-enfield-india-royal-enfield-bullet|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2015|access-date=31 October 2015|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=3 January 2010}}</ref> Apart from bikes, Eicher Group is involved in the production and sales of commercial vehicles and automotive gears. Although Royal Enfield experienced difficulties in the 1990s, and ceased motorcycle production at their [[Jaipur]] factory in 2002,<ref name=Sinha>{{cite news|last1=Sinha|first1=Vivek|title=Enfield strikes at Lightning, to fly Thunderbird|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2002-09-28/news/27329902_1_royal-enfield-motors-siddhartha-lal-new-model|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018034419/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2002-09-28/news/27329902_1_royal-enfield-motors-siddhartha-lal-new-model|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 October 2015|access-date=30 October 2015|work=[[The Economic Times]]|agency=TNN|date=28 September 2002|quote=Manufacturing at the Jaipur plant, which has a capacity to produce 13,000 mobikes, is under suspension and according to the plan it is expected to resume operations as soon as the Chennai plant achieves full capacity utilisation.}}</ref> by 2013 the company opened a new primary factory in the Chennai suburb of [[Oragadam]] on the strength of increased demand for its motorcycles. This was followed in 2017 by the inauguration of another new factory of a similar size to the facility at Oragadam (capacity 600,000 vehicles per year) at Vallam Vadagal. The original factory at [[Tiruvottiyur]] became secondary, and continues to produce some limited-run motorcycle models.<ref name=Thakkar>{{cite news|last1=Thakkar|first1=Ketan|title=Eicher Motors to invest Rs 350 crore in Chennai for Royal Enfield's new plant|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-05-14/news/31701276_1_royal-enfield-siddhartha-lal-new-plant|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109065458/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-05-14/news/31701276_1_royal-enfield-siddhartha-lal-new-plant|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 January 2014|access-date=30 October 2015|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=14 May 2012}}</ref><ref name=Oragadam>{{cite news|title=Royal Enfield rolls out first motorcycle from Oragadam plant|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-04-30/news/38930194_1_new-plant-motorcycles-new-facility|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503045120/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-04-30/news/38930194_1_new-plant-motorcycles-new-facility|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 May 2013|access-date=30 October 2015|work=[[The Economic Times]]|agency=PTI|date=30 April 2013}}</ref><ref name=Sunny>{{cite news|last1=Sunny|first1=Ken|title=Royal Enfield sales jump 59% in September 2015|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/royal-enfield-sales-jump-59-september-2015-648814|access-date=30 October 2015|work=[[International Business Times]], India Edition|date=1 October 2015}}</ref><ref name=Balachandar>{{cite news|last1=Balachandar|first1=G.|title=Royal Enfield to set up second project at Oragadam corridor|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/royal-enfield-to-set-up-second-project-at-oragadam-corridor/article6595693.ece|access-date=30 October 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=13 November 2014}}</ref>

In November 2015, a [[2015 South India floods|flooding]], produced by the heaviest rainfall in Chennai in over a century, caused Royal Enfield to cut production by 4,000 motorcycles, followed by a shutdown of the plants in [[Tiruvottiyur]] and [[Oragadam]] on 1 December, as well as the company offices in Chennai.<ref name="floods">{{cite news|author1=|date=3 December 2015|title=Production at Royal Enfield's Chennai plant hit by floods|work=[[Business Line]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/production-at-royal-enfields-chennai-plant-hit-by-floods/article7945318.ece|access-date=4 December 2015}}</ref> Production resumed at 50% capacity on 7 December and operations at both plants were back to normal on 14 December.<ref name="NormalOps">{{cite news|date=18 December 2015|title=Royal Enfield resumes normal operations at two plants in Chennai|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-royal-enfield-resumes-normal-operations-at-two-plants-in-chennai-2157291|access-date=31 December 2015}}</ref>

Royal Enfield announced its first [[takeover]] of another company in May 2015 with the purchase of a UK motorcycle design and manufacturing firm, [[Harris Performance Products]],<ref name=Narasimhan>{{cite news|last1=Narasimhan|first1=T. E.|title=Royal Enfield buys UK-based firm Harris Performance|url=http://bsmotoring.com/news/royal-enfield-buys-uk-based-firm-harris-performance/11042/1|access-date=30 October 2015|work=BS Motoring|publisher=[[Business Standard]]|date=12 May 2015}}</ref><ref name=Harris>{{cite news|title=Royal Enfield acquires UK based Harris Performance company|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/article/industry/automobiles/royal-enfield-acquires-uk-based-harris-performance-company/71587/|access-date=30 October 2015|work=[[The Financial Express (India)]]|agency=PTI|date=12 May 2015|quote=...Royal Enfield will acquire all assets, employees, trade names, technical know-how and intellectual property of Harris Performance Products Ltd, the company said in a statement without disclosing the deal value.}}</ref> that had previously developed the chassis of the [[Royal Enfield Continental GT]] Cafe Racer.<ref name=Yu>{{cite news|last1=Yu|first1=Andria|title=Motorcycle review: Royal Enfield looks for comeback|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2014/08/03/royal-enfield-continental-gt/13350213/|access-date=30 October 2015|work=[[USA Today]]|date=3 August 2014}}</ref> Harris work with the UK-based part of Royal Enfield's development team, who are based at the UK Technology Centre at Bruntingthorpe Proving Ground in Leicestershire. The team was established in January 2015, and moved into their new, purpose-built facility in May 2017. By the end of 2019, the team numbered 155 and carries out the full spectrum of design and development activities, from concept generation and clay design to engineering design, prototyping and validation.

Royal Enfield currently sells motorcycles in more than 50 countries. Royal Enfield surpassed Harley-Davidson in global sales in 2015.<ref name=Doval>{{cite news|last1=Doval|first1=Pankaj|title=Royal Enfield races past Harley-Davidson in global sales|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Royal-Enfield-races-past-Harley-Davidson-in-global-sales/articleshow/46090462.cms|access-date=7 November 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 February 2015|quote=Although HD motorcycles sell at a huge premium over their RE kin (HD's most affordable model in India sells for around Rs 5 lakh while RE's most expensive model comes for Rs 2 lakh), what's remarkable is the stunning turnaround by one of the world's oldest motorcycle brands.}}</ref><ref name=Balachandran>{{cite web|last1=Balachandran|first1=Manu|title=How Royal Enfield won over the Indian motorcyclist—and now looks unstoppable|url=http://qz.com/348552/how-royal-enfield-won-over-the-indian-motorcyclist-and-now-looks-unstoppable/|website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|access-date=1 November 2015|date=22 February 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Continental GT 535 2014.JPG|thumb|220x124px | right | alt= Continental GT 535 2014 |2014 Continental GT 535]]
In August 2015, Royal Enfield Motors announced it is establishing its North American headquarters and a dealership in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, with the intention to offer three bikes, the [[Royal Enfield Bullet|Bullet 500]], [[Royal Enfield Classic|Classic]] 500 and Continental GT 535 Cafe Racer as they feel this engine size represents an under-served market. The dealership will be Royal Enfield's first company-owned store in the U.S., according to Rod Copes, president of Royal Enfield North America.<ref name="Nabanita">{{cite web|url=http://www.rushlane.com/royal-enfield-rudratej-singh-12142126.html|title=Royal Enfield President rides a Continental GT|author1=Nabanita Singha Roy|date=18 January 2015|website=RushLane|access-date=30 October 2015}}</ref><ref name=Copes>{{cite news|title=Royal Enfield names Rod Copes as President for North American operations|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/announcements/royal-enfield-names-rod-copes-as-president-for-north-american-operations/articleshow/39759072.cms|access-date=24 October 2015|work=[[The Economic Times]]|agency=PTI|date=6 August 2014|quote=Copes has previously worked with Harley-Davidson for nearly 20 years, most recently as Head of Global Sales and Customer Service.}}</ref> The company wants to establish about 100 dealerships in American cities starting with Milwaukee.

Later in August 2015, parent-business Eicher announced its entry in Indonesia as a part of its global strategy in the mid-sized (250–750 cc) motorcycle segment, initially starting retail operations from a dealership in Jakarta.<ref name=Philip>{{cite news|last1=Philip|first1=Lijee|title=How Royal Enfield's Siddhartha Lal seeks to replicate India's success in overseas markets|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/news/two-wheelers/motorcycles/how-royal-enfields-siddhartha-lal-seeks-to-replicate-indias-success-in-overseas-markets/articleshow/49083568.cms|access-date=24 October 2015|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=24 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=BT>{{cite news|title=Royal Enfield enters Indonesian market in mid-sized motorcycle segment|url=http://www.businesstoday.in/sectors/auto/royal-enfield-enters-indonesian-market/story/223052.html|access-date=7 November 2015|work=[[Business Today (business magazine)|Business Today]]|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|date=24 August 2015}}</ref> From April to September, 2015, Royal Enfield's domestic sales were 50% higher than the previous year, despite a declining motorcycle market in India.<ref name=Sales>{{cite news|title=Royal Enfield one bright spot in gloomy motorcycle market|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/news/two-wheelers/motorcycles/royal-enfield-one-bright-spot-in-gloomy-motorcycle-market/articleshow/49437757.cms|access-date=24 October 2015|work=[[The Economic Times]]|agency=PTI|date=18 October 2014|quote=The company's performance is in sharp contrast to the overall segment, which has been reeling under a slowdown with rural sales affected by below normal monsoon in several parts of the country.}}</ref>

In May 2026, Royal Enfield announced <ref>https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/two-wheelers-three-wheelers/royal-enfield-will-expand-outside-tamil-nadu-to-set-up-unit-in-andhra-pradesh/articleshow/130867740.cms?from=mdr</ref>to invest Rs 2,200 crore in two phases for setting up the manufacturing facility at Satyavedu in Tirupati district of Andhra Pradesh. The facility will expand the company's total annual capacity by 900,000 motorcycles from the current 1.46 million units.

==Motorcycles manufactured by Royal Enfield==
{{main|List of Royal Enfield motorcycles}}

===Bullet===
{{main|Royal Enfield Bullet}}

[[File:Royal Enfield Bullet 500 - 2002 model.jpg|thumb|A 2002 model RE Bullet]]

The [[Royal Enfield Bullet]] has the longest unchanged production run of any motorcycle, having remained continuously in production since 1948.<ref name="Bullet">{{cite web|url=http://royalenfield.com/motorcycles/classic-350|title=Bullet Classic Range |access-date=2008-12-16}}</ref><ref name=OGI>{{cite serial |title=[[Guy Martin#Our Guy In India|Our Guy in India]] |episode=Ep1 |network=Channel 4 |year=2015}}</ref> The Bullet marque is even older and has passed 75 years of continuous production. The Royal Enfield and Bullet names were derived from the British company which had been a subcontractor to the [[Royal Small Arms Factory]] in [[London Borough of Enfield|Enfield]], London.<ref name=OGI/>

It has been long associated with the [[Indian Police Service|Police]] and [[Indian Armed Forces|Armed forces in India]] and owning one is considered a privilege by most Indians and continues to remain ever popular in India. Although the Bullet 500 was discontinued due to poor sales, The Next Generation Bullet 350 was launched on September 1, 2023. It has a retro style and is priced at ₹1.74 lakh (US$2,090) in India. In January 2024 Royal Enfield Bullet 350 was launched in two new colors- Military Silver Black and Military Silver Red.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://motorlane.in/bike-news/royal-enfield-bullet-350-is-now-available-in-two-new-colors-at-rs-1-79-lakh | title = Royal Enfield Bullet 350 is now available in two new colors at Rs 1.79 lakh. | publisher=Motorlane| date= January 25, 2024 }}</ref>

===Classic===
{{main|Royal Enfield Classic}}

[[Royal Enfield Classic|Royal Enfield Classic 350]] and [[Royal Enfield Classic|Classic 500]] are models of Royal Enfield motorcycles which have been in production since 2009. The Classic series of Royal Enfield motorcycles are inspired by the Royal Enfield G2 350cc Bullet motorcycle, first produced in 1948.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 Royal Enfield Classic 350 First Look |url=https://www.cycleworld.com/story/bikes/2022-royal-enfield-classic-350-first-look-preview/ |access-date=2022-06-17 |website=Cycle World}}</ref> It has also been confused often with the [[Royal Enfield Bullet|Bullet]] for their similar look in design as the Classic is a modernised version of the original Royal Enfield Bullet.

===Hunter===
{{main|Royal Enfield Hunter 350}}

The Royal Enfield Hunter 350<ref>{{Cite news |date=Aug 10, 2022 |title=Royal Enfield launches Hunter 350 |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/motoring/royal-enfield-launches-hunter-350/article65749228.ece}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal Enfield Hunter 350 to launch on August 7: How to watch live, expected price, features and more |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/automobile/report-royal-enfield-hunter-350-to-launch-on-august-7-how-to-watch-live-expected-price-features-and-more-2973978 |access-date=2023-06-14 |website=DNA India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal Enfield Hunter 350 to launch in India today: Watch it LIVE here [Video] |url=https://zeenews.india.com/auto/royal-enfield-hunter-350-to-launch-in-india-today-watch-it-live-here-video-2494320.html |access-date=2023-06-14 |website=Zee News}}</ref> is a roadster motorcycle launched by Royal Enfield in August 2022<ref>{{Cite news |date=Aug 7, 2022 |title=Royal Enfield Hunter 350 launched in India at Rs 1.50 lakh |work=Auto Car |url=https://www.autocarindia.com/bike-news/royal-enfield-hunter-350-launched-in-india-at-rs-150-lakh-425322}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-05 |title=Royal Enfield Hunter 350 revealed by MD Siddhartha Lal before the launch: Here are all the features |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/royal-enfield-hunter-350-revealed-by-md-siddhartha-lal-before-sunday-launch-here-are-all-the-features/articleshow/93365600.cms |access-date=2023-06-14 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> in India. It is powered by 349cc BS6 engine that produces 20.2 bhp and 27 Nm of torque. The Hunter 350<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Raajwrita |date=2022-08-08 |title=2022 Royal Enfield Hunter 350 Launch: Price, Booking in India, & Specifications |url=https://www.thequint.com/tech-and-auto/car-and-bike/royal-enfield-hunter-350-launch-in-india-price-in-india-specifications-booking-and-delivery-date |access-date=2023-06-14 |website=TheQuint}}</ref> is the most affordable motorcycle under the new J-platform, and the second least expensive bike after [[Royal Enfield Bullet|Royal Enfield Bullet 350]]. The motorcycle features a retro-style single-piece seat, a classic round headlamp, a flat handlebar and a sculpted fuel tank. Within a month of launch Hunter 350 becomes the second highest selling Royal Enfield motorcycle.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 16, 2022 |title=Royal Enfield Hunter 350 becomes second best-selling RE within a month of launch |work=Financial Express |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/auto/bike-news/royal-enfield-hunter-350-becomes-second-best-selling-re-within-a-month-of-launch/2669185/}}</ref>

===Shotgun===
Royal Enfield Shotgun 650 is a 648cc, parallel-twin motor that pumps out 46.40 bhp at 7,250rpm and a peak torque of 52.3Nm at 5,650rpm. The oil-cooled engine is paired to a six-speed gearbox, with a slipper clutch. The factory-custom bobber based on the same platform as the new Continental GT 650. A limited edition Shotgun was launched at the Motoverse 2023 with an attractive blue-and-black color scheme.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://motorlane.in/bike-news/shotgun-650-launched | title = Shotgun 650 Launched, Royal Enfield Surprised everyone at Motoverse 2023 | publisher=Motorlane| date= December 3, 2023}}</ref> Later on the production version was revealed which had the same specifications as the Motoverse edition except the color scheme.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://motorlane.in/bike-news/royal-enfield-shotgun-650s | title = The Mighty Debut: Royal Enfield Shotgun 650's Production Version Reveal | publisher=Motorlane| date= December 14, 2023}}</ref>

===Scram===
[[File:4th International Auto Show, Bangalore (2025) 273.jpg|thumb|right|Scram 440 at 4th International Auto Show, Palace Grounds, Bangalore (2025)]]
The Royal Enfield Scram is a minimalistic street scrambler which is a close cousin to the Himalayan 411, even saying "Himalayan Scram" on the side panels and has the same fuel tank as the 2015-2023 Himalayan. It is powered by a 411cc BS6-2.0 emissions standard air cooled engine which produces 24.3 bhp and 32 nm torque.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roberson |first=William |title=Ride Review: The Royal Enfield Scram 411 Is The Safest Motorcycle I've Ever Ridden |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/billroberson/2023/06/08/ride-review-the-royal-enfield-scram-411-is-the-safest-motorcycle-ive-ever-ridden/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Forbes}}</ref> It was launched in March 2022 as Enfield's first ADV crossover.

Royal Enfield unveiled a new Scram model called the "Scram 440", as a replacement for the Scram 411 based on the same engine platform in November 2024. The new update model features an updated engine which goes up in cubic capacity from 411cc to 443cc; Power and torque have climbed from 24.3 hp at 6,500rpm and 32Nm at 4,250rpm to 25.4 hp at 6,250rpm and 34Nm at 4,000rpm.<ref>{{Cite web |last = Mody|first = Rishaad |title = Royal Enfield Scram 440 revealed, launch in January 2025 |url = https://www.autocarindia.com/bike-news/royal-enfield-scram-440-revealed-launch-in-january-2025-433638 |access-date = 2024-11-23 | website = Autocar India}}</ref>

===Himalayan===
{{main|Royal Enfield Himalayan}}

[[File:Royal Enfield Himalayan DB2K5442.jpg|thumb|Original Royal Enfield Himalayan (2015–2023)]]

The Royal Enfield Himalayan is an adventure touring motorcycle manufactured by Royal Enfield. It was revealed in February 2015 and launched in early 2016. [[Pierre Terblanche]] led the design team during Himalayan's development.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.royalenfield.com/uk/en/motorcycles/himalayan/|title=Design legend Pierre Terblanche joins Royal Enfield|website=royalenfield.com|access-date=2020-04-05}}</ref> It is specially designed for use on adventure trails.

An entirely new Himalayan was launched on 24 November 2023, with a liquid cooled Sherpa 450 engine, switchable ABS as standard, and improved design and build quality. It is the first motorcycle in Royal Enfield's history to be powered by a liquid cooled engine. It was named the Royal Enfield Himalayan 450, and the old model was discontinued in November 2023.<ref>[https://www.motorcyclenews.com/bike-reviews/enfield/himalayan/2024/ Motorcycle News, November 2023: Royal Enfield Himalayan (2024-on) Review]</ref>

===Interceptor 650 and Continental GT 650===
{{main|Royal Enfield Interceptor 650|Royal Enfield Continental GT}}

Royal Enfield unveiled a 650 cc twin-cylinder engine at their Technology Centre, Harris Performance Products, in [[Leicestershire]], England, in November 2017 to power a new generation of Royal Enfield motorcycles. It was showcased at the [[EICMA|Milan Motorcycle Show]] on 7 November 2017 in Italy,<ref>{{cite news|title=Royal Enfield unveils 650cc twin-cylinder engine|last1=Sonil|first1=Naveen|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/bikes/royal-enfield-unveils-650cc-twin-cylinder-engine/articleshow/61529456.cms|access-date=6 November 2017|work=The Times of India|date=6 November 2017}}</ref> where two motorcycles based on the engine, the [[Royal Enfield Interceptor 650|Interceptor 650]] and Continental GT 650 were revealed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Royal Enfield Enters New Era With Two 650s, the Interceptor and Continental GT|date=8 November 2017|url=http://www.motorcycledaily.com/2017/11/royal-enfield-enters-new-era-with-two-650s-the-interceptor-and-continental-gt-with-videos/}}</ref> Both models were introduced to the US market in November 2018 to positive reviews.<ref>{{cite web|title=2019 Royal Enfield Interceptor 650 and Continental GT {{!}} Road Test Review|date=5 October 2018|url=https://ridermagazine.com/2018/10/05/2019-royal-enfield-interceptor-650-and-continental-gt-road-test-review/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2019 Royal Enfield Continental GT 650 First Ride|date=18 November 2018|url=https://www.cycleworld.com/2019-royal-enfield-continental-gt-650-first-ride}}</ref> The Interceptor is marketed as the INT650 in the United States where [[Honda]] has a trademark on the "Interceptor" name.<ref>{{cite web|title=2019 Royal Enfield INT650 First Ride|date=26 November 2018|url=https://www.cycleworld.com/2019-royal-enfield-int650-first-ride}}</ref> In 2020 to 2021, the 650cc twins were the best-selling motorcycles in Great Britain.<ref>{{Cite web|title=THE UK'S BEST-SELLING MOTORCYCLE LAST MONTH WAS A ROYAL ENFIELD! {{!}} MCO Bikes Ltd|url=https://www.mcobikes.com/post/the-uks-best-selling-motorcycle-last-month-was-a-royal-enfield-215|access-date=2021-12-02|website=www.mcobikes.com}}</ref>

The Royal Enfield Continental GT is a Neo-retro Café Racer. The first model to use the name, the Continental GT 250, was produced by Royal Enfield in 1960s Britain. The name was revived in the 2010s with the Continental GT 535 (now discontinued) and Continental GT 650.

===Meteor 350/Super Meteor 650===
{{main|Royal Enfield Meteor}}

[[File:Royal Enfield Super Meteor 650 (02).jpg|thumb|Super Meteor 650 Celestial Red variant]]
Royal Enfield launched a new lineup of cruiser motorcycles on 6 November 2020 named the Meteor. It replaced the [[Royal Enfield Thunderbird|Thunderbird 350]] and 350X series which were discontinued earlier that year. It uses a 349 cc single cylinder engine featuring a single overhead camshaft system (SOHC), and a completely new engine with fewer moving parts than the 346 cc. A 648 cc, air cooled version of the bike has been revealed named the Royal Enfield Super Meteor 650 which was released on January 16, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Royal Enfield Meteor 350: How Different Is The New Engine?|url=https://www.carandbike.com/news/royal-enfield-meteor-350-how-different-is-the-new-engine-2323190|access-date=2021-02-03|website=carandbike}}</ref> It is the first Royal Enfield to offer the [[Tripper navigation system]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Royal Enfield's Tripper On-Board Navigation System|url=https://www.rideapart.com/news/453578/royal-enfield-tripper-navigation-system/|access-date=2021-02-03|website=RideApart.com}}</ref>

=== Guerrilla ===
{{Main|Royal Enfield Guerrilla 450}}

The [[Royal Enfield Guerrilla 450|Royal Enfield Guerrilla]] is a new roadster unveiled on 17 July 2024 by Royal Enfield.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal Enfield Guerrilla 450 Bike Price, Colours & Images in India |url=https://www.royalenfield.com/in/en/motorcycles/guerrilla-450 |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=www.royalenfield.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-27 |title=Royal Enfield Guerrilla 450 review, first ride |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/auto/bikes/story/royal-enfield-guerrilla-450-2572473-2024-07-27 |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=India Today}}</ref> It is based on the 2023 [[Royal Enfield Himalayan|Himalayan]] featuring the same chassis, 6-speed gearbox, and the 452cc liquid-cooled Sherpa Engine, with 39.47 bhp and 40 Nm of torque. The Guerrilla features a new rear sub-frame, 17 inch alloy wheels, and a 140mm telescopic fork front suspension, while reducing the stroke value of the rear suspension to 150mm.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal Enfield Guerrilla 450 Price - Mileage, Images, Colours |url=https://www.bikewale.com/royalenfield-bikes/guerrilla-450/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=BikeWale}}</ref> The bike features a minimalistic design with a smaller 11 litre fuel tank while retaining the round LED headlamp and flat-style handlebar, common amongst its three variants.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-22 |title=Royal Enfield Guerrilla 450 variant-wise features with price explained |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/bikes/royal-enfield-guerrilla-450-variant-wise-features-with-price-explained/articleshow/111915711.cms |access-date=2024-07-31 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Bear 650 ===
The Royal Enfield Interceptor Bear 650 was officially released on October 31, 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wheelen |first1=Dustin |title=2025 Royal Enfield Bear 650 first look: A new scrambler emerges |url=https://www.revzilla.com/common-tread/2025-royal-enfield-bear-650-first-look-a-new-scrambler-emerges |website=Revzilla |access-date=2025-01-07}}</ref> It has been described as "a stylish scrambler-styled standard based primarily on the brand's Interceptor 650 model, though with some notable differences."<ref>{{cite web |title=Royal Enfield Bear 650 First Look |url=https://www.motorcyclecruiser.com/bikes/royal-enfield-bear-650-first-look/ |website=Motorcycle Cruiser |access-date=2025-01-07}}</ref>

On the Design and Styling front, Bear 650 comes with a scrambler seat, side panel number boards, and urban-off-road aesthetics.

This motorcycle uses Showa USD Forks borrowed from the Shotgun 650, but optimized for scrambler duties with longer suspension travel. To complement its off-road credentials, the ride height has been raised. The Interceptor Bear 650 retains the Interceptor 650's brakes but upgrades the front disc size for added stopping power along with Dual-channel ABS with a switchable rear ABS.

Equipped with a full-color TFT screen with integrated navigation brings modern tech to the classic platform. It is powered by Royal Enfield's 650-cc engine, and it is tuned to increase torque by a marginal amount, and saves weight because of its two-into-one exhaust system.

==Manufacturing plants==
[[File:Milwaukee September 2023 120 (Patek Brothers Building--Royal Enfield North America Headquarters).jpg|thumb|Royal Enfield North America headquarters in [[Milwaukee]]]]

# [[Tiruvottiyur|Thiruvottiyur]], Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://royalenfield.com/aboutus/factory-tour/|title=Royal Enfield – Official Website|website=royalenfield.com|access-date=2017-06-10}}</ref>
# [[Oragadam]] Industrial Corridor, Oragadam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
# [[SIPCOT IT Park|SIPCOT]] Industrial Park, Vallam Vadagal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/two-wheelers/motorcycles/royal-enfield-to-double-its-production-capacity-setting-up-third-plant-in-tamil-nadu/49687548|title=Royal Enfield to double its production capacity; setting up third plant in Tamil Nadu – ET Auto|last=www.ETAuto.com|website=ETAuto.com|access-date=2017-06-10}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of Royal Enfield motorcycles]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book | last = Gregson | first = Jonathan | title = Bullet up the Grand Trunk Road | publisher = Sinclair-Stevenson | location = London | year = 1997 | isbn = 9781856196604 }}
*{{cite book | last = Hartley | first = Peter | title = The story of Royal Enfield motor cycles | publisher = P. Stephens | location = Cambridge Cambridgeshire | year = 1981 | isbn = 9780850594676 }}
*{{cite book|last1=Köster|first1=Dirk W.|title=Royal Enfield : une légende vivante|date=16 April 2007|publisher=ETAI|location=Boulogne-Billancourt|isbn=978-2726887073|language=fr}}
*{{cite book|last1=Köster|first1=Dirk W.|title=Royal Enfield – die Legende lebt|date=1 August 2009|publisher=Monsenstein & Vannerdat |location=Münster|isbn=978-3938568927|edition=Lizenzausg.|language=de}}
*{{cite book|last1=May|first1=Gordon G.|title=Royal Enfield : the legend rides on : celebrating 50 years in India|date=2005|publisher=Royal Enfield|location=Chennai, India|isbn=978-8190312905|edition=1st}}
*{{cite book|last1=May|first1=Gordon G.|title=Overland to India: An 8400 Mile Adventure on a 55-year-old Motorcycle|date=30 November 2008|publisher=Rixon Groove|isbn=978-0956116802}}
*{{cite book|last1=May|first1=Gordon G.|title=Made in India – The Royal Enfield Bullet|date=2014|publisher=Royal Enfield Books|location=Stockport, Cheshire|edition=4th|url=http://www.royalenfieldbooks.com/made_in_india.html}}
*{{cite book|last=Walker|first=Mick|author-link=Mick Walker (motorcycling)|title=Royal Enfield : the complete story|date=24 February 2003|publisher=Crowood|location=[[Marlborough, Wiltshire]]|isbn=978-1861265630}}
*{{cite book | last = Wilson | first = Steve | title = Down the road : genuine mileage on classic motorcycles | publisher = Haynes | location = Sparkford | date = 18 September 2000 | isbn = 9781859606513 }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Royal Enfield (India)}}

*{{Official website|http://www.royalenfield.com/}}

{{Major Indian motorcycle manufacturers}}
{{Motorcycles}}
{{Automotive industry in India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Royal Enfield Motors]]
[[Category:Motorcycle manufacturers of India]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1955]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1955]]

Nikita Porwal

2026-05-04T23:57:43Z

JessDudley8515:

{{Short description|Indian beauty pageant titleholder}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox pageant titleholder
| image = Nikita Porwal.jpg
| caption =Porwal in 2024
| name = Nikita Porwal
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Ujjain]], Madhya Pradesh, India
| height =
| occupation =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]]
| residence =
| title = [[Femina Miss India 2023|Femina Miss India World 2024]]
| competitions = {{ubl|[[Femina Miss India 2024]] (Winner)|[[Miss World 2026]]|({{abbr|TBD|To be determined}})}}
| hair_color =
| eye_color =
}}

'''Nikita Porwal''' is an Indian beauty pageant titleholder who won [[Femina Miss India 2024|Femina Miss India World 2024]].

== Early life and education ==
Porwal was born and brought up in [[Ujjain]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]. She completed her schooling at Carmel Convent Senior Secondary School in Ujjain and graduated from [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]]. She began her career as a TV anchor at the age of 18.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Nikita Porwal, crowned as the Femina Miss India 2024? Everything You Need to Know!|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/who-is-nikita-porwal-crowned-as-femina-miss-india-2024-1729111451-1 |website=jagranjosh.com |date=17 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Nikita Porwal, the winner of Femina Miss India 2024 from Madhya Pradesh|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/who-is-nikita-porwal-the-winner-of-femina-miss-india-2024-from-madhya-pradesh-101729131675913.html|website=hindustantimes.com |date=17 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Nikita Porwal, Aishwarya Rai's fan, Miss India 2024 winner|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-meet-nikita-porwal-aishwarya-rai-fan-miss-india-2024-winner-who-works-as-actress-3113686|website=dnaindia.com |date=17 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Authority control}}

==External links==

{{S-start}}
{{S-ach}}
{{S-bef|before= [[Nandini Gupta]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Femina Miss India|Femina Miss India World]]
|years=[[Femina Miss India|2024]]}}
{{s-aft|after= [[Sadhvi Satish Sail]]}}
{{S-bef|before= Pratika Saxena}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Femina Miss India|Femina Miss India Madhya Pradesh]]
|years=2024}}
{{s-aft|after= Dhanushree Chauhan}}
{{S-end}}
{{Indian Beauty Pageant Representatives}}
{{Miss World 2026 delegates}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Porwal, Nikita}}
[[Category:Indian beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:People from Ujjain]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Miss World 2026 delegates]]
[[Category:2000 births]]

Dheeram

2026-04-28T09:49:27Z

JessDudley8515: Creating a info w/ infobox

{{Infobox film
| director = Jithin Suresh T.
| writer = Deepu S. Nair Sandeep Sadanandan
| starring = [[Indrajith Sukumaran]]
| cinematography = Sougandh SU
| editing = [[Nagooran Ramachandran]]
| music = Manikandan Ayyappa
| studio = Malabar Talkies Remo Entertainmentz
| released = {{Film date|2025|12|05|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}
'''''Dheeram''''' is a 2025 Indian Malayalam [[Criminal investigation|investigating]] [[crime]] [[thriller film]] directed by Jithin Suresh T starring [[Indrajith Sukumaran]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dheeram X reviews: Indrajith Sukumaran shines in cop role in gripping thriller, say netizens? |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/dheeram-x-reviews-indrajith-sukumaran-shines-in-cop-role-in-gripping-thriller-say-netizens/ea5fbf80c8833 |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=www.ottplay.com}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
[[Assistant Commissioner of Police#India|ACP]] Stalin Joseph, who is famed for fearless methods shoots a prime suspect in a Chinnakanal murder. Weeks earlier in Calicut, the former I.G.'s son dies in a mall parking, drawing media pressure. FIR clashes with evidence. A second murder, a staged suicide, reveals college ties. A third follows; secrets drive the killer's "justice." Stallin faces law or executioner.<ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt33399641/plotsummary/?ref_=tt_ov_pl</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Indrajith Sukumaran]] as [[Assistant Commissioner of Police#India|ACP]] Stalin Joseph [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
*[[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] as Vimala Niranjan
*[[Divya Pillai]] as [[Sub Inspector of Police #Kerala|SI]] Diya Prabhakar
*[[Reba Monica John]] as Kalyani (Sradha Das)
*[[Renji Panicker]] as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Commissioner]] Ramdas [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
*[[Nishanth Sagar]] as [[Inspector of Police #Kerala|SI]] Jose Thomas
*[[Aju Varghese]] as Hostel Warden
*[[Sagar Surya]] as George, Stalin's step brother
*[[Avanthika Mohan]] as Radhika
*Dinesh Panickar as School Principal
*[[Sreejith Ravi]] as Aravindan, Kalyani's father
*Sabitta George as Cicily, Stalin's mother
*Sundarapandiayan as [[Station House Officer|SHO]] Basheer
*[[Devi Ajith]] as Enquiry Commission Head Fatima Beegam
*Sojan Angel Varghese as [[Circle Inspector|CI]] Selvaraghavan

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 1 out of 5 stars and wrote, "While the director has the creative freedom to decide whether a scene should feature silence, ambient sound, or music, Dheeram stands as a testament to the cost a film must pay for misjudgments while making such choices".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-06 |title=Dheeram movie review: Indrajith’s film gives Officer On Duty a run for its money in shameless exploitation of crimes against women |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/dheeram-movie-review-indrajiths-film-gives-officer-on-duty-a-run-for-its-money-with-shamelessly-graphic-violence-10403224/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251205190923/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/dheeram-movie-review-indrajiths-film-gives-officer-on-duty-a-run-for-its-money-with-shamelessly-graphic-violence-10403224/|archive-date=5 December 2025|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The film was also reviewed by ''[[Asianet News]]'' and ''[[Onmanorama]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/movie-reviews/indrajith-starrer-dheeram-review-articleshow-7omin4d|title=ത്രസിപ്പിക്കുന്ന ത്രില്ലര്‍, ഇമോഷണല്‍, ഈ ധീരം- റിവ്യു|website=Asianet News |language=Malayalam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2025/12/05/dheeram-movie-review-indrajith-sukumaran-investigative-thriller.html|title=Indrajith Sukumaran's ‘Dheeram’ tries to outrun you with twists, but loses its grip | Movie Review|website=@onmanorama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/dheeram-movie-review-rating-10885387|title=Dheeram Review: ഊഹങ്ങൾ തെറ്റും, ആകാംക്ഷ കൂട്ടും; ധീരം റിവ്യൂ|first=Dhanya K.|last=Vilayil|website=malayalam.indianexpress.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|33399641}}

[[Category:2020s Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]

{{Malayalam-film-stub}}
{{2020s-thriller-film-stub}}

Boko–Chaygaon Assembly constituency

2026-04-27T11:18:43Z

JessDudley8515: Creating some stub needs work

{{Short description|Constituency of the Assam legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Boko
| constituency_no = 48
| type = SLA
| map_image = Boko Assembly constituency map.svg
| state = [[Assam]]
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Gauhati Lok Sabha constituency|Gauhati]]
| district = [[Kamrup district|Kamrup]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = SC
| incumbent_image =
| mla = [[Nandita Das (politician)|Nandita Das]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| alliance =
| electors =
| abolished =
}}
'''Boko Assembly constituency''' is one of the 126 constituencies of [[Assam Legislative Assembly]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceo>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceoassam.nic.in/information/pdf/2_PC%20wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |title=List of Assembly constituencies showing their Parliamentary constituences wise break-up |website=www.ceoassam.nic.in| access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceoassam.nic.in/information/pdf/3_Assembly_HPC_wise_MapA1.pdf |title=Map of Assam showing District-wise assembly and Parliamentary constituencies |website=www.ceoassam.nic.in| access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> This constituency was renamed to '''Boko–Chaygaon''' in 2023.<ref>https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf{{Dead link | date=April 2026 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

Boko formed part of the [[Gauhati Lok Sabha constituency]]. It was one of the Assam constituencies reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]]. Nandita Das of the [[Indian National Congress]] is the present{{when?|date=December 2025}} [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] for the constituency.

==Town Details==

Following are details on Boko Assembly constituency<ref name="bo ref3">{{cite news |title=Boko Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Nandita Das of INC Leading Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/boko-election-result-2021-live-updates-boko-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3694832.html |access-date=21 November 2021 |publisher=News18 |date=2 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref>-

*Country: India.
* State: Assam.
* District: Kamrup district .
* Lok Sabha Constituency: Gauhati Lok Sabha/Parliamentary constituency.
* Assembly Categorisation: Rural.
* Literacy Level: 72.81%.
* Eligible Electors as per 2021 General Elections: 2,36,661 Eligible Electors. Male Electors: 85,984 . Female Electors: 84,350 .
* Geographic Co-Ordinates: 25°57’41.8"N 91°08’25.1"E.
* Total Area Covered: 742 square kilometres.
* Area Includes:Boko thana (excluding Bongaon mouza) in Gauhati sub-division.
* Inter State Border :Kamrup.
* Number of Polling Stations: 238 (2011), 245 (2016), 48 (2021).

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==

Following is the list of past members representing Boko Assembly constituency in Assam Legislature.<ref name="bok ref2">{{cite news |title=Boko Election Results 2016, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up and Current MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/assam/assembly-constituencies/boko.html |access-date=21 November 2021 |publisher=Elections in India |date=2 May 2021}}</ref>

* 1951: [[Radha Charan Choudhury]], [[Socialist Party (India)|Socialist Party]].
* 1957: Radha Charan Choudhury, [[Indian National Congress]].
* 1962: [[Prabin Kumar Chaudhuri|Prabin Kumar Choudhury]], [[Indian National Congress]].
* 1967: [[Prabin Kumar Chaudhuri|Prabin Kumar Choudhury]], [[Indian National Congress]].
* 1972: [[Prabin Kumar Chaudhuri|Prabin Kumar Choudhury]], [[Indian National Congress]].
* 1978: [[Umesh Chandra Das]], [[Janata Party]].
* 1983: [[Upendra Das]], [[Indian National Congress]].
* 1985: [[Gopinath Das]], [[Independent (politician)|Independent]].
* 1991: [[Gopinath Das]], [[Indian National Congress]].
* 1996: [[Jyoti Prasad Das]], [[Asom Gana Parishad]].
* 2001: [[Gopinath Das]], [[Indian National Congress]].
* 2006: [[Jyoti Prasad Das]], [[Asom Gana Parishad]].
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan=2 | Party
|-
|[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|[[Gopinath Das]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India United Democratic Front}}
|-
|[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|rowspan=2|[[Nandita Das (politician)|Nandita Das]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<ref name="abhaya ref1">{{cite news |title=Assam Election Results 2021: Check Full List Of Winners |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/assam-election-results-2021-check-full-list-of-winners-2426707 |access-date=12 November 2021 |publisher=ndtv.com |date=3 May 2021}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Boko-Chaygoan}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Raju Mech|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ramen Singh Rabha |party=Indian National Congress |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=BHOGLAL RABHA |party=All India Trinamool Congress|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Boko<ref name=election2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13620-assam-general-legislative-election-2021/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Nandita Das
|votes = 1,20,613
|percentage = 58.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = Jyoti Prasad Das
|votes = 68,147
|percentage = 33.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Gopinath Das
|votes = 12,571
|percentage = 6.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 3,735
|percentage = 1.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 52,466
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,05,066
|percentage. = 86.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = All India United Democratic Front
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Boko<ref name=election2016>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4017-assam-general-legislative-election-2016/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2016 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Nandita Das
|votes = 69,986
|percentage = 39.69
|change = +8.74
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = Jyoti Prasad Das
|votes = 52,392
|percentage = 29.71
|change = +12.65
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Gopinath Das
|votes = 42,338
|percentage = 24.01
|change = -14.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dr. Ghanashyam Das
|votes = 5,794
|percentage = 3.28
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Anirban Das
|votes = 2,796
|percentage = 1.58
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Nitish Ranjan Das
|votes = 1,148
|percentage = 0.65
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,851
|percentage = 1.04
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 17,594
|percentage = 9.98
|change = +2.41
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,76,305
|percentage = 89.05
|change = +5.78
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 1,97,963
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = All India United Democratic Front
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Boko}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Gopinath Das
|votes = 54,388
|percentage = 38.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Jayanta Das
|votes = 43,697
|percentage = 30.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = Jyoti Prasad Das
|votes = 24,086
|percentage = 17.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bodoland People's Front
|candidate = Prabin Mandal
|votes = 13,318
|percentage = 9.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Jiten Sarkar
|votes = 3,656
|percentage = 2.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Niranjan Das
|votes = 2,050
|percentage = 1.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 10,691
|percentage = 7.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,41,195
|percentage = 83.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 1,69,554
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = All India United Democratic Front
|loser = Asom Gana Parishad
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Assam Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/67-assam/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}
{{coord|25.98|91.24|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Kamrup district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Assam]]

Nimuben Bambhaniya

2026-04-27T05:15:32Z

JessDudley8515:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nimuben Jayantibhai Bambhaniya
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| country = India
| predecessor1 = [[Bharti Shiyal]]
| president1 = [[Draupadi Murmu]]
| constituency1 = [[Bhavnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Bhavnagar]]
| term_start1 = 4 June 2024
| vice_president =
| source = https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S0615.htm
| party = [[File:BJP Flag.svg|25px]] [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1966|9|8|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bhavnagar]], Gujarat, India
| citizenship = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| spouse = Jayantibhai Odhavjibhai Bambhaniya
| alma_mater = Sir P.P. Institute of Science
| occupation = [[Agriculturist]]
| profession = Teacher
| education = [[Bachelor of Science|B.Sc.]], [[Bachelor of Education|B.Ed.]] in Mathematics & Science
| office = [[Minister of State]] in the [[Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution]], [[Government of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-10 |title=Modi 3.0 Cabinet portfolio allocation: Check the full list and details on ministerial responsibilities - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/politics/narendra-modi-3-0-cabinet-ministers-portfolio-allocation-full-list-nirmala-sitharaman-jaishankar-shivraj-chirag-jdu-tdp-ncp-shiv-sena-bjp-19426181.htm/ |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>
| term_start = 11 June 2024
| image = Nimuben Jayantibhai Bambhaniya being welcomed on her arrival for assumption of charge as the Minister of State for Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution (cropped).jpg
| caption =
| portfolio = [[Union Council of Ministers|Minister of State]] in the [[Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-10 |title=Modi Cabinet portfolios allocated; Sitharaman retains finance ministry, Jaishankar to serve as EAM again |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/modi-cabinet-ministry-full-list-names-portfolios-allotment-allotted-to-ministers-amit-shah-sitharaman-rajnath-shivraj-jp-nadda-nda-government/articleshow/110876249.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-06-11 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
| predecessor = [[Niranjan Jyoti]]
}}

'''Nimuben Jayantibhai Bambhaniya''' (also spelled as '''Bambhania''') is an [[Politics of India|Indian politician]], [[social work]]er and incumbent [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] in [[Lok Sabha]] for the [[Bhavnagar Lok Sabha constituency]] and [[Minister of State]] in [[government of India]] as a member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Bhavnagar, Gujarat Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 Highlights: Nimuben Bambhaniya Triumphs by 455289 Votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/story/bhavnagar-gujarat-lok-sabha-election-results-2024-live-updates-clse-2547690-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-10 |title=Ex-Bhavnagar mayor Nimuben Bambhaniya sworn in as Minister of State |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ex-bhavnagar-mayor-nimuben-bambhaniya-sworn-minister-of-state-2551121-2024-06-10 |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> In the [[2024 Indian general election]]s, she defeated [[Umesh Makwana|Umeshbhai Makwana]] of [[Aam Aadmi Party]] by 455,289 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=Election commission of |date=2024 |title=Bhavnagar Lok Sabha result 2024 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S0615.htm |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref> Nimuben Bambhaniya belong to the [[Koli people|Koli]] caste of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-09 |title=भावनगर सांसद निमुबेन बाभंणिया मंत्री बनीं, जानें कौन हैं भावनगर की ये सांसद |url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/gujarat/story/gujrat-nimuben-bambhaniya-became-minister-in-central-government-modi-cabinet-lclm-1962482-2024-06-09 |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref>

== Political career ==
[[File:Nimuben Jayantibhai Bambhaniya being welcomed on her arrival for assumption of charge as the Minister of State for Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.jpg|thumb|Bambhaniya assuming the charge of Minister of State for Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.]]
*2007 - 2009: Chairperson of [[Junior Chamber International]]
*2009 - 2010: [[Mayor]] of [[Bhavnagar Municipal Corporation]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeshGujarat |date=2024-03-13 |title=Who is Nimuben Bambhaniya, BJP Lok Sabha candidate for Bhavnagar seat |url=https://deshgujarat.com/2024/03/13/who-is-nimuben-bambhaniya-bjp-lok-sabha-candidate-for-bhavnagar-seat/ |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=DeshGujarat |language=en-US}}</ref>
*2015 - 2018: 2nd term Mayor of Bhavnagar Municipal Corporation<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-14 |title=Gujarat civic body polls: Bhavnagar, Jamnagar get women mayors |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-civic-body-polls-bhavnagar-jamnagar-get-women-mayors/ |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
*2008 - 2010: District Vice President of Bharatiya Janata Party Bhavnagar City
*2009 - 2011: President, Bhavnagar City [[BJP Mahila Morcha]]
*2013 - 2021: Vice President of Gujarat State Bjp Mahila Morcha
*2024 - ongoing: [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]] from [[Bhavnagar Lok Sabha constituency]]<ref name=":0" />
*2024 - Ongoing: Union [[Minister of State]] in [[Government of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ex-Bhavnagar mayor Nimuben Bambhaniya sworn in as minister of state |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2024/06/09/bom26-cabinet-profile-bambhaniya.html |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref>
*2024 - ongoing: [[Union Council of Ministers|Minister of State]] in the [[Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Modi 3.0 Cabinet: Who gets what portfolio |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/modi-30-cabinet-who-gets-which-portfolio-3060073 |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Third Modi ministry]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bambhaniya, Nimuben}}
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Women in Gujarat politics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]

T–Works

2026-04-26T18:24:22Z

JessDudley8515: creating new stub

{{Short description|Prototyping centre in India}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = T–Works
| fgcolor = 
| image = T-Works Building Hyderabad.jpg
| image_border =
| image_size =
| image_alt = 
| caption = India's largest prototyping centre
| map = 
| map_size = 
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = 
| map2 =
| abbreviation =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| formation = {{start date and age|3 March 2023}}
| extinction =
| type = [[Public–private partnership]]
| status = Active
| purpose = [[Prototype|Prototyping centre]]
| headquarters = [[Raidurg]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| coordinates = 
| region_served = Telangana
| num_members =
| language = 
| general_secretary = 
| leader_title = Architect
| leader_name = [http://www.studiochintala.com Studio Chintala]
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 =
| leader_name4 =
| key_people = Anand Raj ([[CEO]])
| main_organ = 
| parent_organization = 
| affiliations =
| budget =
| num_staff =
| num_volunteers =
| website = [https://tworks.telangana.gov.in/ T–Works Website]
| remarks =
| former_name =
}}

'''T–Works''' is India's largest prototyping center.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/indias-largest-prototyping-hub-t-works-unveiled-in-hyderabad/articleshow/98376576.cms|title=India's largest prototyping hub, T-Works, unveiled in Hyderabad}}</ref> It is an initiative of the [[Government of Telangana]], aimed to create and celebrate a culture of hobbyists, makers, and innovators in India, who explore and experiment without the fear of failure.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/valuable-asset-for-innovators-indias-largest-prototyping-centre-to-open-in-hyderabad-today-7197775.html|title='Valuable Asset for Innovators': India's Largest Prototyping Centre to Open in Hyderabad Today}}</ref> T–Works Phase-1 is a 78,000 sq. ft. building, situated near [[T-Hub]] in [[Raidurg]], Hyderabad, Telanagana. It has over 200 industry grade tools worth {{INR}} 115 million. T–Works Phase-2 will expand T-works to 250,000 sq. ft. over a 4.89-acre campus.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/story/got-an-idea-to-build-a-product-heres-where-you-can-make-your-prototype-in-india-372134-2023-03-03|title=Got an idea to build a product? Here’s where you can make your prototype in India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/t-works-to-be-unveiled-today/articleshow/98347869.cms|title=T-Works to be unveiled today in Hyderabad}}</ref> To encourage innovators from smaller towns and rural areas, satellite centers of T–Works will also be set up in towns such as [[Warangal]], [[Karimnagar]], [[Khammam]], [[Siddipet]], [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]], etc., where IT towers are being set up by the [[Government of Telangana]].

==History==
On 2 March 2023, [[Foxconn]] chairman Young Liu and Telangana industries & IT minister [[K. T. Rama Rao]] inaugurated T–Works via an innovative [[Kabuki]] drop (dramatic Japanese reveal style).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/entrepreneurship/story/telangana-govt-launches-prototyping-facility-center-t-works-in-hyderabad-372128-2023-03-03|title=Telangana govt launches prototyping facility center T-Works in Hyderabad}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/foxconn-chief-young-liu-commits-to-make-in-telangana-plans-1-lakh-jobs-in-10-years/articleshow/98376577.cms|title=Foxconn chief Young Liu commits to 'Make in Telangana', plans 1 lakh jobs in 10 years}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/pace-of-telanganas-progress-leaves-foxconn-head-impressed/article66573459.ece|title=Pace of Telangana’s progress leaves Foxconn head impressed}}</ref> Foxconn chairman also announced donation of a complete surface mount technology assembly line, which is used for assembling high-end electronics circuit boards, to T–Works.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

==Facilities==
* Metal Shop
* Advanced Rapid Prototyping
* 3D Printing Lab
* Electronics Lab
* Testing Lab
* Wood Shop
* Ceramic Studio
* Laser Cutting and Engraving

==See also==
*[[List of business incubators]]
*[[National Institute of Design]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Economy of Telangana]]
[[Category:Economy of Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Business incubators of India]]
[[Category:KCR Government initiatives]]

Rajamahendravaram Municipal Corporation

2026-04-24T10:27:59Z

JessDudley8515: updated details

{{Short description|Local civic body in Rajamahendravarm, Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Rajamahendravaram Municipal Corporation<hr />{{small|Rājamahēndravaraṁ Nagara Pālaka Samstha రాజమహేంద్రవరం నగర పాలక సంస్థ}}
| coa_pic = File:Rmclogo.png
| coa_res = 250px
| coa_alt = Rajamahendravaram Municipal Corporation
| house_type =
| foundation = 1994
| houses =
| leader1_type = [[Mayor]]
| leader1 = Vacant
| leader2_type = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader2 = Vacant
| party2 =
| election2 =
| leader3_type =
| leader3 =
| party3 =
| election3 =
| members =
| house1 =
| house2 =
| structure1 =
| structure1_res =
| structure2 =
| structure2_res =
| political_groups1 =
Vacant
| political_groups2 =
| committees1 =
| committees2 =
| voting_system1 =
| voting_system2 =
| last_election1 = 2014
| last_election2 =
|next_election1=2025 expected
| seats = '''50'''
| session_room =
| session_res =
| meeting_place =RMC Office, Behind 3 Town Police Station, Rajamahendravaram
| website = {{URL|https://rmc.ap.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Rajamahendravaram Municipal Corporation''' ('''RMC''') is the civic body that governs the city of [[Rajamahendravaram]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is spread over an area of {{Convert|44.50|km2|abbr=on|}}.<ref name="civicbody">{{cite web|title=Municipalities, Municipal Corporations and UDAs|url=http://www.dtcp.ap.gov.in/dtcpweb/index.html|website=Directorate of Town and Country Planning|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|accessdate=23 June 2016}}</ref>

== History ==
The [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal Corporation]] mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras ([[Chennai]]) in 1688 and later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay ([[Mumbai]]) and Calcutta ([[Kolkata]]) by 1762.<ref name="May ref5">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Anupam |title=City Mayors: Indian Mayors |url=http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/indian-mayors.html |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=citymayors.com}}</ref>

Rajahmundry municipal corporation is one of the oldest corporations which started in the year 1866. It was headed by the British till 1884 and when they had permitted contesting for municipal chairman elections. [[N. Subba Rao Pantulu]] served in this municipal corporation. First [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] [[Tanguturi Prakasam]] Panthulu also won as chairman in 1903. Zamindar of Dharmavaram [[Kanchumarthi Ramachandra Rao]] and many others took active participation in it. [[Vogeti Ramakrishnayya]] garu served as municipal councilor for a long time. Nidamarthi Durgaiah, Mocherla Ramchandra Rao, Eluri Lakshmi Narasimham etc. acted as chairman for this council.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=iwlDAAAAYAAJ&q=tanguturi+prakasam+muniipal+chairman&dq=tanguturi+prakasam+muniipal+chairman|title=Indica, Volume 37|year=2000}}</ref> In 1994 Rajahmundry Municipality is upgraded to Rajahmundry Municipal Corporation. Maturi Srinivasa Chakravarthi was the first mayor of the city.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-01-17|title=Chakravarthi, first Mayor of Rajamundry, passes away|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/Chakravarthi-first-Mayor-of-Rajamundry-passes-away/article14002894.ece|access-date=2021-03-12|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Administration ==
Rajamahendravaram Municipal Corporation (RMC) is administered by an elected body, headed by the Mayor. As per the [[2011 Census of India]], the city population was 3,41,831 with a metro population of 419,818.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rajamahendravaram Municipal Corporation|url=https://rajahmundry.cdma.ap.gov.in/en|website=Rajahmundry Corporation|accessdate=21 July 2015}}</ref> The present municipal commissioner is Ketan Garg.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subrahmanyam |first=Deekshitula |date=2024-07-26 |title=Ketan Garg new Municipal Commissioner |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/ketan-garg-new-municipal-commissioner-894589 |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Mayors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Mayors of Rajamahendravaram Municipal Corporation
!S.No
!Mayor
!Dy Mayor
!Term start
!Term end
!colspan=2|Party
!Notes
|-
|1
|Maturi Srinivasa Chakravarthi
|
|2000
|2005
|bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|First Mayor
|-
|2
|Adireddy Veera Raghavamma
|B.S.Prasad
|2007
|2012
|bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|First Women Mayor
|-
|3
|Pantham Rajani Sesha Sai
|Vasireddy Rambabu
|2015
|2019
|bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|
|}

== Elections ==
Elections to the Rajamahendravarm Municipal Corporation were held in 2014. The results are as follows:<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-05-12 |title=TDP scores hat-trick in Rajahmundry |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tdp-scores-hattrick-in-rajahmundry/article6002145.ece |access-date=2025-12-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
{|CLASS="sortable wikitable"
|-
!S.No.
!colspan=2|Party name
!Symbol
!Won
|-
!1
|bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|70x70px]]
|34
|-
!2
|bgcolor="{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}"|
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Ceiling Fan.svg|70x70px]]
|8
|-
!3
|bgcolor=#C1C1C1|
|[[Independent politician|Independents]]
|
|5
|-
!4
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|
|1
|-
!5
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}"|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|
|1
|-
!6
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|1
|}
After the term expired, elections were not held due to the matter regarding merger of surrounding villages into the corporation and the formation of Greater Rajamahendravaram Municipal Corporation which is sub judice<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=No election in 3 corporations, 30 municipalities in AP |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/280221/no-election-in-3-corporations-30-municipalities-in-ap.html |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Functions ==
Rajamahendravaram Municipal Corporation is created for the following functions:<ref name="ra9">{{cite news |title=Municipal Corporation - Functions, Roles, Members Qualification and Term |url=https://www.elections.in/government/municipal-corporation-in-india.html |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref name="ra10">{{cite news |title=Good municipal governance key to improve quality of life {{!}} Pune News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/good-municipal-governance-key-to-improve-quality-of-life/articleshow/57320746.cms |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=The Times of India |date=24 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

* Planning for the town including its surroundings which are covered under its Department's Urban Planning Authority .
* Approving construction of new buildings and authorising use of land for various purposes.
* Improvement of the town's economic and Social status.
* Arrangements of water supply towards commercial,residential and industrial purposes.
* Planning for fire contingencies through Fire Service Departments.
* Creation of solid waste management,public health system and sanitary services.
* Working for the development of ecological aspect like development of Urban Forestry and making guidelines for environmental protection.
* Working for the development of weaker sections of the society like mentally and physically handicapped,old age and gender biased people.
* Making efforts for improvement of slums and poverty removal in the town.

== Wards ==
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=RAJAMAHENDRAVARAM MUNICIPAL CORPORATION |url=https://rmc.ap.gov.in/about/rajahmundry_ward_profile |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=rmc.ap.gov.in}}</ref>

There are 50 wards under the jurisdiction of Rajamahendravarm Municipal Corporation(RMC) which may increase further to 52 after the inclusion of surrounding areas including Torredu, Katheru, Bommuru among others.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2021-04-08 |title=Rajamahendravaram to become greater city soon |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/rajamahendravaram-to-become-greater-city-soon-680820 |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+List of Wards in Rajamahendravaram Municipal Corporation
|'''Ward Number'''
|'''Area'''
|-
|1
|Battina Nagar, Subba Rao peta, Spinning Mills Colony, Cycle Colony, Janardhana Nagar, F.C.I Godowns, Narayanapuam (part), Reddy gari Layout, VAMBAY Buildings, GAIL, Baba Nagar, Putta Pullayya Layout
|-
|2
|Narayanapuram (part), Gopal Nagar puntha, Central Jail, Addepalli Colony, Gangotri Apartments.
|-
|3
|Nehru Nagar, Subbaraopeta, Rajendra Nagar (part)
|-
|4
|Rajendra Nagar (part), Rajya Lakshmi College (part), Uppara peta
|-
|5
|Matham Veedhi Area, Kambalapeta, Kambala Cheruvu, Schade Girls High School, Government Arts College, S.K.V.T School and S.K.V.T.College, Gandhipuram-I, Rajya Lakshmi College (part), Anand Regency Hotel
|-
|6
|Annapurnammapeta part, Reserve Police Lines, Jampeta Area part, Cemetery peta-II
|-
|7
|Danavaipeta part, Addepalli College etc., Gorakshanapeta-I
|-
|8
|Danavaipeta part, Prakash Nagar, TTD Kalyana Mandapam etc.,
|-
|9
|Koka Bhaskaramma Nagar, Sarada Nagar, A.K.C College, S.B.I Colony, Ground Water Layout area, Venkateswara Nagar, Vidyut Colony, Burma Colony, Police Quarters, Taraka Rama Nagar etc.,
|-
|10
|V.L.Puram-II (Telukula Tank area), Vaka Gardens, Vadrevu Nagar part, Sri Nagar, Model project layout area, All Bank Colony, Lolugu Nagar, RTC Colony, ILTD Research Centre, ONGC Base complex, Padmavathi Nagar, ONGC Officers Colony Layout, Gadalamma Nagar Layout area, Horlicks Factory Layout area, Vastu laya Layout area, Hanuman Nagar, Sai Chaitanya Nagar, Morampudi Area, Alakapuri Layout I, II & III Area
|-
|11
|Mallina Nagar, Manthena Gardens, Vadrevu Nagar part, V.L.Puram I etc.
|-
|12
|Syamala Nagar, Postal Colony, Official Colony, Prasanthi Estates, RTC Complex, SBI Colony, Katari Gardens, Gandhipuram-III, Aditya College
|-
|13
|Ambedkarnagar, Gorakshanapeta, Konala Nookaraju Layout part, N.V.R School
|-
|14
|Konala Nookaraju part, M.G.M.Chandana Complex area, Brodipeta part, D.M.H School
|-
|15
|Brodipeta part, Thadithota, Rehmat Nagar, Ayyappa Nagar etc.,
|-
|16
|Veerabhadra Nagar, Shanthipuram, Awa Area, Railway Mixed High School, Adarsha Nagar, Balajipeta, Railway Quarters, ILTD Company etc.,
|-
|17
|Boggula Dibba, RCM Area, Ambica Nagar, Sambhu Nagar, Sai Krishna Nagar, Lutheran Hospital, High School Swarajya Nagar, Coir Board Area.
|-
|18
|A.C.Gardens part, Ratna Plastics, Government Forest Depot
|-
|19
|A.C.Gardens part, Railway Station, Railway Quarters, Five Carts Area, Railway goods area
|-
|20
|A.C.Gardens area part, M.R.O office, II Town Police station, T.Nagar part
|-
|21
|T.Nagar part, Vullithota veedhi area etc.
|-
|22
|Kambham Choultry area, Vankayalavari veedhi area, Nalam Bheemaraju area, Markandeyeswara Temple area, I Town Police station area
|-
|23
|Rangreejupeta area, Grandhivari area, Chanda choultry area
|-
|24
|Town Hall area, Vegetable Market area, Pappula street area, Mochi street area, Nallamandhu sandhu area, Seethammasandhu area, Meraka Veedhi area, Aparala shop area
|-
|25
|Rambha, Urvasi, Menaka Theatres area, Jamindhari Chintalavari area, Mochi vari area, Akulavari area, Grandhivari area, Kaspa vari area, Training college area
|-
|26
|Innispeta part, Kotipalli Bus stand area
|-
|27
|Innispeta area part, Rama Krishna rao peta, V.T.College, Government Girls High School, Head post office etc.
|-
|28
|Mutyalamma gudi veedhi, Stadium, Goleela Dibba, Mangalavarapupeta, Sigideelapeta etc.
|-
|29
|Kothapeta, Gubel peta
|-
|30
|Bestha veedhi church, Square churchpeta, Medarapeta etc.
|-
|31
|Annapurnammapeta, Madana Singh peta
|-
|32
|Lakshmivarapu peta, Jampeta, Gubbaka veedhi, Pitchuka Veedhi, Mochi Veedhi
|-
|33
|Lakshmivarapu peta, Kandakam Road, Subrahmanyam Mydanam, Godavari Station, Gowthami Grandhalayam Area etc.
|-
|34
|Municipal Corporation, NGO's Home, Forest Office, District Munsif Court, Aryapuram part, Gokavaram Bus stand area etc.,
|-
|35
|Korlampeta, Sambasivarao peta part etc.
|-
|36
|Sambasivaraopeta part, Kantipudi Shopping complex, Thummalava part, Aademmadibba
|-
|37
|Veerabhadrapuram part, Haripuram, Lalitha Nagar part, Jayakrishnapuram, Ganesh Nagar
|-
|38
|Seethampeta, Veerabhadrapuram part, Lalitha Nagar part, ESI Hospital etc.,
|-
|39
|Lingampeta, Krishna Nagar, Thummalava, Jayaram Nataraj Theatres etc.,
|-
|40
|Seethampeta, Bruhannalapeta, Timberyard area, Aryapuram part
|-
|41
|Kotilingalapeta, A.P.P Mills, Luthergiri area, Chukka vari area, Sri Ram Nagar part
|-
|42
|Lalitha Nagar, Haripuram part, Municipal Colony, CTRI Quarters, Ratnampeta
|-
|43
|Vidya Nagar, R.V.Nagar, Weavers Colony, Jail Warders Old Quarters, Mallikarjuna Nagar part
|-
|44
|Mallikarjuna Nagar, Vishal puram, Venkateswara Nagar, Gajendra Nagar, P&T Colony, Raja Theatre area, Indira Satya Nagar puntha part, Sanjeeva Nagar part
|-
|45
|Indira Nagar, Gadireddi Nagar, A.P.P.Mills Quarters, Sivalayam, R&B Work shop area
|-
|46
|Anand Nagar, A.P.P.Mills Employees Layout area, Ramdaspeta, Venkata puram, Chitti Sanjeeva Nagar
|-
|47
|Sarangadhara Metta, Indira Satya Nagar puntha part, Seshagiri Nagar, Mehar Nagar, Siddartha Nagar, Eswar Nagar etc.
|-
|48
|Sanjeevayya Nagar part, Burma Colony etc.
|-
|49
|Subbarao Nagar, Simhachala Nagar
|-
|50
|R&B Guest House, DSP Bunglow, R&B Quarters, District Magistrate Bunglow, Jail Superintendent Bunglow, Suviseshapuram, Government General Hospital, Subrahmanya Nagar, CTRI, Durga Nagar puntha, Annayachari Road, Bhaskar Nagar, Gandhipuram-IV, Revenue Employees Layout, State Bank Colony, Murthy Industries Layout, Chowdeswara Nagar, P&T Quarters, Lalacheruvu, Central Excise Layout area.
|}

== Revenue sources ==

The RMC has income sources for the corporation from the Central and State Governments.Tax related revenue for the Corporation include property tax, profession tax, entertainment tax, grants from Central and State Government like [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|Goods and Services Tax]] and advertisement tax. Non-tax related revenue for the corporation are water usage charges, fees from documentation services, rent received from municipal property and funds from municipal bonds..The Municipal Corporation is also operating a Petrol Bunk near Quarry Market junction generating a revenue of around 10 lakhs per month.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subrahmanyam |first=Deekshitula |date=2024-08-29 |title=Rajahmundry Municipal Corporation to boost revenue from petrol bunk |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/rajahmundry-municipal-corporation-to-boost-revenue-from-petrol-bunk-903089 |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Municipalities of Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Municipal corporations in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:1866 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:Rajahmundry]]

Ministry of Other Backward Classes (Maharashtra)

2026-04-23T07:14:53Z

JessDudley8515: added data...

{{Short description|Maharashtra government ministry responsible for Other Backward Classes}}
{{Infobox government agency
| native_name_a = '''बहुजन विकास विभाग, महाराष्ट्र शासन'''
| type = ministry
| name = Ministry of Other Backward Classes [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| native_name =
| seal = File:Seal of Maharashtra.svg
| seal_width = 200
| seal_caption = [[Emblem of Maharashtra|Seal of the state of Maharashtra]]
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| picture = Mantralay of Mumbai, Administrative Headquarters 03.jpg
| picture_caption = Building of Administrative Headquarters of Mumbai
| picture_width =
| jurisdiction = {{flagicon|India}} [[Maharashtra]]
| headquarters = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai|Mantralay]], [[Mumbai]]
| minister1_name = '''[[Atul Save]]'''
| minister1_pfo = [[Government of Maharashtra|Cabinet Minister]]
| deputyminister1_name = '''Vacant, TBD'''
since 29 June 2022
| deputyminister1_pfo = [[Government of Maharashtra|Minister of State]]
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| website =
| formed =
| employees =
| budget =
| chief1_name = ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])
| chief1_position =
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| parent_department = [[Government of Maharashtra]]
}}

The '''Ministry of Other Backward Classes - OBC''' is a Ministry of the [[Government of Maharashtra]].
state.

The Ministry is headed by a [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet level]] Minister. '''[[Atul Save]]''' is Current Minister of Other Backward Classes [[Government of Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=District Collector Office Nanded, Government of Maharashtra {{!}} Sanskrit Poets District {{!}} India |url=https://nanded.gov.in/en/ |access-date=2026-04-23 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-19 |title=Miffed over OBC fund allotment, Maharashtra minister & ruling MLAs target minister Atul Save |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/miffed-over-obc-fund-allotment-maharashtra-minister-ruling-mlas-target-minister-atul-save-9952398/ |access-date=2026-04-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Head office==
{{Infobox political post
| insignia = Seal of Maharashtra (1).svg
| insigniasize = 150px
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of India]]
| department = '''Ministry of Other Backward Classes (Maharashtra)'''
| style = [[The Honourable]]
| post = {{big|Minister of Other Backward Classes}} '''मंत्री इतर मागासवर्गीय विभाग'''
|image=
| incumbent = [[Atul Save]]
| member_of = State Cabinet
| reports_to = '''[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]''', 
'''[[Maharashtra Legislature]]'''
| seat = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai]]
| appointer = '''[[Governor of Maharashtra|Governor]]''' on the advice of the '''[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]'''
| termlength = 5 years
| inaugural = '''[[Keshavrao Sonawane]]''' 
(1960-1962)
| precursor =
* '''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]'''
(2024- 2024)
| deputy =
* '''Vacant, TBD'''
since 29 June 2022
| formation = 1 May 1960
| body =
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 110px
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| flagborder = yes
| website =
| abbreviation = Cabinet Minister
| incumbentsince = 21 December 2024
}}

==Cabinet Ministers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of Other Backward Classes - OBC
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Balasaheb Desai]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Patan, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Patan Constituency No. 261]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 May}} 1960
|{{small|07 March}} 1962
!{{ayd|1960|05|01|1962|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Yashwantrao Chavan ministry (Maharashtra)|'''Yashwantrao I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Yashwantrao Chavan 2010 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
|-
|02
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Keshavraoji_Sonawane.png|75px]]
|'''[[Keshavrao Sonawane]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur Constituency No. 235]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 March}} 1962
|{{small|19 November}} 1962
!{{ayd|1962|03|08|1962|11|19}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Yashwantrao Chavan ministry|'''Yashwantrao II''']]
|-
|03
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantrao Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad Constituency No. 81]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|20 November}} 1962
|{{small|24 November}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|20|1963|11|24}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Kannamwar ministry|'''Kannamwar l''']]
|[[Marotrao Kannamwar]]
|-
|04
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant|Parashuram Krishnaji Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Interim Chief Minister)
|{{small|25 November}} 1962
|{{small|04 December}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|25|1962|12|04}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[P. K. Sawant ministry|'''Sawant''']]
|[[P. K. Sawant|Parashuram Krishnaji Sawant]]
|-
|05
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant|Parashuram Krishnaji Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|05 December}} 1963
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
!{{ayd|1963|12|05|1967|03|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao I''']]
|rowspan="6" |[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]] [[Vasantrao Naik]]
|-
|06
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Shantilal Shah]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Vile Parle Assembly constituency|Vile Parle Constituency No. 177]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
|{{small|27 October}} 1969
!{{ayd|1967|03|01|1969|10|27}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao II''']]
|-
|07
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Balasaheb Desai]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Patan, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Patan Constituency No. 261]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|27 October}} 1969
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
!{{ayd|1969|10|27|1972|03|13}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|08
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Yashwantrao Mohite]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Karad South Assembly constituency|Karad South Constituency No. 260]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
|{{small|04 April}} 1973
!{{ayd|1972|03|13|1973|04|14}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao III''']]
|-
|09
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:The President of India, Smt. Pratibha Patil.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Pratibha Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Jalgaon City Assembly constituency|Jalgaon City Constituency No. 13]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|04 April}} 1973
|{{small|17 Match}} 1974
!{{ayd|1973|04|04|1974|03|17}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|10
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Anant Namjoshi]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Girgaon Assembly constituency|Girgaon Constituency No. 185]]- [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|17 Match}} 1974
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
!{{ayd|1974|03|17|1975|02|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|11
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Narendra Mahipati Tidke''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Savner Assembly constituency|Savner Constituency No. 49]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
|{{small|16 April}} 1977
!{{ayd|1975|02|21|1977|04|16}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao I''']]
|rowspan="1"| [[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|12
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantdada Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 20 - [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|17 April }} 1977
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
!{{ayd|1977|04|17|1979|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#88CEEB"|[[First Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|13
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (U)}}"|
|
|'''[[Sundarrao Solanke]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Majalgaon Assembly constituency|Majalgaon Constituency No. 229]]- [[Beed District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
!{{ayd|1978|03|07|1978|07|18}}
|[[Indian National Congress (U)]]
| rowspan="1" bgcolor="#A3A3FF"|[[Second Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada II''']]
|-
|14
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}"|
|
|'''Bhausaheb Surve''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur Central Assembly constituency|Nagpur Central Constituency No. 55]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
|{{small|18 February}} 1980
!{{ayd|1978|07|18|1980|02|18}}
|[[Indian Congress (Socialist)]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#66FF66"| [[First Pawar ministry|'''Pawar I''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:The Union Minister for Agriculture and Food Processing Industries, Shri Sharad Pawar addressing at the launch of the Sahana Group’s New Marathi Channel “Jai Maharashtra”, in Mumbai on April 27, 2013 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|15
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Ramrao Adik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 05 - [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 June}} 1980
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
!{{ayd|1980|06|09|1982|01|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Antulay ministry|'''Antulay''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:A. R. Antulay with Shivraj Patil (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[A. R. Antulay|Abdul Rahman Antulay]]
|-
|16
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Sharadchandrika Suresh Patil''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chopda Assembly constituency|Chopda Constituency No. 10]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
|{{small|02 February}} 1983
!{{ayd|1982|01|21|1983|02|02}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Bhosale ministry|'''Bhosale''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Babasaheb Bhosale.png|75px]] [[Babasaheb Bhosale]]
|-
|17
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Ramprasad Borade''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Jintur Assembly constituency|Jintur Constituency No. 95]]- [[Parbhani District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 February}} 1983
|{{small|05 March}} 1985
!{{ayd|1983|02|07|1985|03|05}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada III''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|18
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Sudhakarrao Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad Constituency No. 81]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|12 March}} 1985
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
!{{ayd|1985|03|12|1985|06|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada IV''']]
|-
|19
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nilanga Assembly constituency|Nilanga Constituency No. 238]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
!{{ayd|1985|06|03|1986|03|12}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Nilangekar ministry|'''Nilangekar''']]
|rowspan="1"|[[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]]
|-
|20
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Bhagwantrao Gaikwad''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Dindori, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Dindori Constituency No. 122]]- [[Nashik District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
!{{ayd|1986|03|12|1988|06|26}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao II''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|21
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Jawaharlal Darda 2022 stamp of India cr.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Jawaharlal Darda]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 19 - [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
|{{small|03 March}} 1990
!{{ayd|1988|06|26|1990|03|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Pawar ministry|'''Pawar II''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|22
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Sushilkumar Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Solapur City Central Assembly constituency|Solapur City Central Constituency No. 249]]- [[Solapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|03 March}} 1990
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
!{{ayd|1990|03|03|1991|06|25}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Pawar ministry|'''Pawar III''']]
|-
|23
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Ramrao Adik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 05 - [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
|{{small|22 February}} 1993
!{{ayd|1991|06|25|1993|02|22}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sudhakarrao Naik ministry|'''Sudhakarrao''']]
|rowspan="1" | [[Sudhakarrao Naik]]
|-
|24
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Chagan Bhujbal.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Chhagan Bhujbal]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Mazgaon constituency No. 210]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|06 March}} 1993
|{{small|18 November}} 1994
!{{ayd|1993|03|06|1994|11|18}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Pawar ministry|'''Pawar IV''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|25
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Gopinath Munde.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[Gopinath Munde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Renapur Assembly constituency|Renapur Constituency No. 236]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Deputy Chief Minister)
|{{small|14 March}} 1995
|{{small|01 February}} 1999
!{{ayd|1995|03|14|1999|02|01}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Manohar Joshi ministry|'''Joshi''']]
|rowspan="1" | [[File:Manohar Joshi cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Manohar Joshi]]
|-
|26
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
|'''[[Babanrao Gholap]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Deolali Assembly constituency|Deolali Constituency No. 126]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 February}} 1999
|{{small|11 May}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|02|01|1999|05|11}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Narayan Rane ministry|'''Rane''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Narayan Rane (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Narayan Rane]]
|-
|27
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Gopinath Munde.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[Gopinath Munde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Renapur Assembly constituency|Renapur Constituency No. 236]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Deputy Chief Minister)
|{{small|11 May}} 1999
|{{small|17 October}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|05|11|1999|10|17}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|28
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[File:Chagan Bhujbal.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Chhagan Bhujbal]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 09 - [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}} (Deputy Chief Minister)
|{{small|19 October}} 1999
|{{small|27 October}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|10|19|1999|10|27}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|29
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
| '''[[Vasant Chavan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Governor Nominated Constituency No. 11 - [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|27 October}} 1999
|{{small|16 January}} 2003
!{{ayd|1999|10|27|2003|01|16}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|30
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Sushilkumar Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Solapur South Assembly constituency|Solapur South Constituency No. 251]]- [[Solapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|18 January}} 2003
|{{small|01 November}} 2004
!{{ayd|2003|01|11|2004|11|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sushilkumar Shinde ministry|'''Sushilkumar''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
|-
|31
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[File:R. R. Patil.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[R. R. Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Tasgaon-Kavathe Mahankal Assembly constituency|Tasgaon-Kavathe Mahankal Constituency No. 287]]- [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Deputy Chief Minister)
|{{small|01 November}} 2004
|{{small|09 November}} 2004
!{{ayd|2004|11|01|2004|11|09}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh II''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|32
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[File:Dilip Walse Patil.png|80px]]
| '''[[Dilip Walse-Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Ambegaon Assembly constituency|Ambegaon Constituency No. 196]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 November}} 2004
|{{small|01 December}} 2008
!{{ayd|2004|11|09|2008|12|01}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|33
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[File:Chagan Bhujbal.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Chhagan Bhujbal]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Yevla Assembly constituency|Yevla Constituency No. 119]]- [[Nashik District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Deputy Chief Minister)
|{{small|08 December}} 2008
|{{small|06 November}} 2009
!{{ayd|2008|12|08|2009|11|06}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok I''']]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Ashok Chavan With Coat.jpeg|80px]] [[Ashok Chavan]]
|-
|34
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Shivajirao Moghe]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Arni Assembly constituency|Arni Constituency No. 80]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 November}} 2009
|{{small|10 November}} 2010
!{{ayd|2009|11|07|2010|11|10}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok II''']]
|-
|35
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Radhakrishna Vikhe Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Shirdi Assembly constituency|Shirdi Constituency No. 218]]- [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|11 November}} 2010
|{{small|26 September}} 2014
!{{ayd|2010|11|11|2014|09|26}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Prithviraj Chavan ministry|'''Prithviraj''']]
|rowspan="1"| [[File:Prithviraj Chavan - India Economic Summit 2011.jpg|80px]] [[Prithviraj Chavan]]
|-
|36
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|31 October}} 2014
|{{small|08 July}} 2016
!{{ayd|2014|10|31|2016|07|08}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[First Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis I''']]
|rowspan="4" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|37
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Rashtriya Samaj Paksha}}"|
|
|'''[[Mahadev Jankar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 30 - [[Parbhani District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 July}} 2016
|{{small|16 June}} 2019
!{{ayd|2016|07|08|2019|06|16}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|38
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Sanjay Kute]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Jalgaon (Jamod) Assembly constituency|Jalgaon (Jamod) Constituency No. 27]]- [[Buldhana District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|16 June}} 2019
|{{small|12 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|06|16|2019|11|12}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|39
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|-
|40
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Nitin Raut.jpeg|75px]]
|'''[[Nitin Raut]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur North Assembly constituency|Nagpur North Constituency No. 57]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|28|2019|12|30}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
|41
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vijay wadettiwar.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Bramhapuri Assembly constituency|Bramhapuri Constituency No. 73]]- [[Chandrapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|29 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2022|06|29}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|42
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
| [[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Eknath Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopri-Pachpakhadi Assembly constituency|Kopri-Pachpakhadi Constituency No. 147]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2022|08|14}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
|43
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Atul Save]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Aurangabad East Assembly constituency|Aurangabad East Constituency No. 109]]- [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar District]] Also Previously Known [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2022|07|14|2024|11|26}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|44
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|05 December}} 2024
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
!{{ayd|2024|12|05|2024|12|21}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Third Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis III''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|45
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Atul Save]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Aurangabad East Assembly constituency|Aurangabad East Constituency No. 109]]- [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar District]] Also Previously Known [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
|''Incumbent''
!{{ayd|2024|12|21}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|}

==Ministers of State ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Deputy Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Minister
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="11"| Deputy Minister of Other Backward Classes - OBC
|-
!colspan="04"| ''''' Vacant'''''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|[[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Prahar Janshakti Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Omprakash Babarao Kadu]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Achalpur Assembly constituency|Achalpur Constituency No. 42]]- [[Amravati District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|27 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2022|06|27}}
|[[Prahar Janshakti Party]] Supported Party [[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
| rowspan="2"|[[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
|02
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[File:Dattatray Bharane.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Dattatray Vithoba Bharne]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Indapur Assembly constituency|Indapur Constituency No. 200]]- [[Pune District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} ''Additional_Charge''
|{{small|27 June}} 2022
|{{small|29 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2022|06|27|2022|06|29}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
!colspan="04"| '''''Vacant'''''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2024|11|26}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|
*[[Eknath Shinde]] (2022 - 2022)
*[[Atul Save]] (2022 – 2024)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
!colspan="04"| ''''' Vacant'''''
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
|''incumbent''
!{{ayd|2024|12|21}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Third Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis III''']]
| rowspan="1"|[[Atul Save]] (2024 – Present)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-

|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{State agencies of Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Government of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Government ministries of Maharashtra]]

Rupali Chakankar

2026-04-21T02:43:24Z

JessDudley8515: created the bio w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}
{{COI|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Rupali Borate-Chakankar
| honorific_prefix =
| image =
| caption = Chakankar in 2026
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1982|05|28}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.techtofacts.com/2025/04/rupali-chakankar-age-height-husband.html|title=Rupali Chakankar, age, height, husband, net worth|website=Tech To Facts|access-date=2025-12-24}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Pune]],
[[Maharashtra|Maharastra]]
| office = Chairperson [[Maharashtra State Commission for Woman]]
| term_start = 19 October 2021
| term_end = 20 March 2026
| predecessor = [[Vijaya Kishore Rahatkar]]
| successor =
| party = [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP)
| parents =
| spouse = Nilesh Chakankar
| profession = Politician
| children =
}}



'''Rupali Chakankar''' <ref>{{Cite news |title=रुपाली चाकणकर : असा आहे राजकीय प्रवास |url=https://www.bbc.com/marathi/india-58912680 |access-date=2025-12-24 |work=BBC News मराठी |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-22 |title=MSCW chief Chakankar demands action in Beed woman stripping case |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mscw-chief-chakankar-action-beed-woman-stripping-case-8995085/ |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian politician from Maharashtra who previously served as the chairperson of the [[Maharashtra State Commission for Woman|Maharashtra State Women's Commission]](MSCW).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pandit |first=Vinaya Deshpande |date=2026-03-21 |title=Under fire over links with rape accused godman, Maharashtra women's panel chief quits |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/under-fire-over-links-with-rape-accused-godman-maharashtra-womens-panel-chief-quits/article70767244.ece |access-date=2026-03-21 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2023-05-16 |title=Maharashtra women's commission seeks setting up of panel to find missing women |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/maharashtra-womens-commission-seeks-setting-up-of-panel-to-find-missing-women/article66856925.ece |access-date=2026-03-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=:: Welcome :: |url=https://mscw.org.in/members2.php |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=mscw.org.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shrivastava |first=Sonu |date=2025-05-25 |title=NCP (SP) Demands Removal If State Women's Commission Chairperson |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/ncp-sp-demands-removal-if-state-womens-commission-chairperson-1881117 |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=रुपाली चाकणकरांच्या हस्ते लेकाच्या सिनेमाच पोस्टर लॉंच, शिल्पा-सोहम दिसणार एकत्र |url=https://lokmat.news18.com/entertainment/taday-ncp-leader-rupali-chakankar-launch-her-son-soham-chakankar-debut-marathi-film-tu-aani-mee-mee-aani-tu-film-poster-sp-707528.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20220630162430/https://lokmat.news18.com/entertainment/taday-ncp-leader-rupali-chakankar-launch-her-son-soham-chakankar-debut-marathi-film-tu-aani-mee-mee-aani-tu-film-poster-sp-707528.html |archive-date=2022-06-30 |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=News18 Lokmat |language=mr-IN}}</ref> As of late 2025, she remains a key leader in the [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP), specifically the faction led by Deputy Chief Minister [[Ajit Pawar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=रुपाली चाकणकरांची एकूण संपत्ती किती? त्यांचे पती काय काम करतात? जाणून घ्या A To Z माहिती |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/photos/ajit-pawar-ncp-leader-rupali-chakankar-property-details-husband-name-education-political-career-net-worth-everything-you-need-to-know/954928 |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=Zee 24 taas |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-21 |title=Rupali Chakankar News in Marathi (रुपाली चाकणकर मराठी बातम्या) Latest News on Rupali Chakankar in Marathi (रुपाली चाकणकर ताज्या मराठी बातम्या) at Loksatta.com |url=https://www.loksatta.com/about/rupali-chakankar/ |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rupali Chakankar re-appointed Maha women panel chief |url=https://english.hindusthansamachar.in/Encyc/2024/10/16/Rose-to-Commissioner-level-from-a-corporator.php |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=english.hindusthansamachar.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-16 |title=Liquid for erasing ink: State Women Commission chairperson files complaint with election commission on bogus voting attempt |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/liquid-for-erasing-ink-state-women-commission-chairperson-files-complaint-with-election-commission-on-bogus-voting-attempt-10476417/ |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

She resigned from her post as MSCW head and as a state president of her party’s women’s wing after her association with self-styled astrologer Ashok Kharat was revealed. <ref>{{cite web | title=Who Is Rupali Chakankar? Maharashtra Women's Panel Chief In Focus Amid 'Astrologer' Ashok Kharat's Arrest | website=www.ndtvprofit.com | date=20 March 2026 | url=https://www.ndtvprofit.com/india/who-is-rupali-chakankar-maharashtra-womens-panel-chief-in-focus-amid-astrologer-ashok-kharats-arrest-11243436 | access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Boruah | first=Namrata | title=Ashok Kharat Viral Video: Maharashtra Women's Commission Chief Rupali Chakankar Resigns After Nashik Astrologer's Arrest In Sexual Exploitation And 58 Obscene Video Case | website=NewsX | date=21 March 2026 | url=https://www.newsx.com/india/ashok-kharat-viral-video-link-watch-download-maharashtra-womens-commission-chief-rupali-chakankar-resigns-after-nashik-astrologers-arrest-in-sexual-exploitation-and-58-obscene-video-case-186121/amp/ | access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Bende | first=Anurag | title=Rupali Chakankar quits Maharashtra NCP women's wing chief post amid astrologer Ashok Kharat link row | website=The Times of India | date=28 March 2026 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/rupali-chakankar-quits-ncp-womens-wing-chief-post-amid-astrologer-ashok-kharat-link-row/articleshow/129857913.cms | access-date=29 March 2026}}</ref>

Sushma Andhare from [[Shiv Sena (UBT)]] alleged that Chakankar had a conflict of interest in a sexual harassment case involving Bollywood director [[Anu Malik]], which she cleared, after which her son appeared in one of his films.<ref>{{cite web | last= | first= | title=Did Chakankar clear Anu Malik in 'me too' case in return for work for her son? | website=National Herald | date=28 March 2026 | url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/entertainment/did-rupali-chakankar-clear-anu-malik-in-me-too-case-in-return-for-work-for-her-son | access-date=29 March 2026}}</ref>

==Political career==
*Chairperson,( MSCW)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pandit |first=Vinaya Deshpande |date=2026-02-27 |title=Maharashtra Women's Commission begins work on menstrual leave framework |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/maharashtra-womens-commission-begins-work-on-menstrual-leave-framework/article70683756.ece |access-date=2026-03-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-20 |title=Under fire over links with rape accused godman, Maharashtra women's panel chief quits |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/under-fire-over-links-with-rape-accused-godman-maharashtra-womens-panel-chief-quits/articleshow/129705976.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2026-03-21 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
First appointed in October 2021, she was re-appointed to the position in October 2024. She resigned from her position in March 2026.
*NCP Women’s Wing President
She served as the State President of the NCP’s Women’s Wing (Rashtrawadi Mahila Congress).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-18 |title=Rupali Chakankar defends reappointment amidst criticism from party members |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/rupali-chakankar-defends-reappointment-amidst-criticism-from-party-members-101729192089613.html |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-17 |title=Rupali's extension as state women's commission head sparks controversy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/rupalis-extension-as-state-women-s-commission-head-sparks-controversy-101729103871986.html |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2026-03-21 |title=Rupali Chakankar's exit not enough; probe must target 'big fish', says Congress leader |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/rupali-chakankars-exit-not-enough-probe-must-target-big-fish-says-congress-leader/article70768595.ece |access-date=2026-03-21 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rupali Chakankar resigns: MSCW chief quits amid assault case row |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/maharashtra/mscw-chairperson-rupali-chakankar-resigns-amid-videos-with-man-accused-of-sexual-assault-3939202 |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> She resigned from her position in March 2026.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Rupali Chakankar}}

[[Category:Women in Maharashtra politics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:People from Pune]]
[[Category:Nationalist Congress Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:1982 births]]

{{Maharashtra-NCP-politician-stub}}

Narsingpur Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:31:58Z

JessDudley8515: added pg

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Narsingpur
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 119
| map_image = 119-Narsingpur.svg
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Narsinghpur district|Narsinghpur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Hoshangabad Lok Sabha constituency|Narmadapuram]]
| established = 1952
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Prahlad Patel]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Jalam Singh Patel]]
}}
'''Narsinghpur''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state, in central [[India]].<ref name="constlist">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
==Overview==
It comprises [[Kareli, Madhya Pradesh|Kareli Tehsil]], and parts of [[Narsinghpur|Narsinghpur tehsil]], both in [[Narsinghpur district]].<ref name=delimitation2008/> As of 2023, its representative is [[Prahlad Patel]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].{{update after|2029|1}}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| rowspan="2" |Sarla Devi
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan="2" |Mahendra Singh Kiledar
|{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Shyam Sunder Narayan Mushran
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Surendra Kumar Dhorelia
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Shyam Sunder Narayan Mushran
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Shashi Bushan Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Uttam Chand Lunawat
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| rowspan="2" |Ajay Mushran
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
|[[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|[[Jalam Singh Patel]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name="election2008">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3739-madhya-pradesh-2008/|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=22 December 2021|url-access=limited}}</ref>
|Sunil Jaiswal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3740-madhya-pradesh-2013/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|[[Jalam Singh Patel]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name="election2018">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|[[Prahlad Patel]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Narsinghpur<ref name="election2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-polls-2023/story/madhya-pradesh-election-bjp-second-candidate-list-shivraj-singh-chouhan-2440421-2023-09-25|title=3 Union ministers feature in BJP's second list for Madhya Pradesh polls|work=India Today|accessdate=25 September 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Prahlad Singh Patel]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:110226}}
|percentage = 56.33
|change = +5.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Lakhan Singh Patel
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:78916}}
|percentage = 40.33
|change = -1.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2283}}
|percentage = 1.17
|change = -0.74
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:31310}}
|percentage = 16.0
|change = +7.36
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:195667}}
|percentage = 84.29
|change = +2.72
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Narsinghpur<ref name=election2018/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Jalam Singh Patel]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:87837}}
|percentage = 50.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Lakhan Singh Patel
|votes = {{formatnum:72934}}
|percentage = 42.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = NISHAD Party
|candidate = Amar Noriya Patrkar
|votes = {{formatnum:2154}}
|percentage = 1.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3293}}
|percentage = 1.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:14903}}
|percentage = 8.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:172477}}
|percentage = 81.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Narsinghpur district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|22.95|79.19|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Narsinghpur district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Handia Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:40:32Z

JessDudley8515: Post

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Handia
| map_image = 258-Handia.svg
| mla = [[Hakim Lal Bind]]
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| established =
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Prayagraj district|Prayagraj]]
| reservation = None
| type = SLA
| electors = 4,01,042
| constituency_no = 258
}}

'''Handia''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Handia in the [[Prayagraj district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Handia is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Bhadohi Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 258 amongst 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
* [[Hakim Lal Bind]] from [[Samajwadi Party]] 2022-Incumbent
*[[Hakim Lal Bind]] from [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] 2017-2022<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Hakim Lal Bind, BSP MLA from Handia – Our Neta|url=https://ourneta.com/neta/hakim-lal-bind/|access-date=2021-10-06|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |last=Bharatvarsh |first=TV9 |date=2022-03-10 |title=हंडिया (UP) Chunav Final Result 2022: प्रयागराज की Handiya विधानसभा सीट से SP को मिली जीत, BSP को हराया |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly-election-2022/handiya-election-result-2022-live-counting-updates-in-hindi-up-vidhan-sabha-chunav-ke-natije-party-candidate-wise-winner-loser-1080561.html |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=TV9 Bharatvarsh |language=hi}}</ref>
*[[Prashant Singh]] from [[Samajwadi Party]] 2013-2017 by poll<ref name="election2021">{{Cite web|title=Bypoll underway in Handia Assembly constituency|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bypoll-underway-in-handia-assembly-constituency-524043|access-date=2021-10-06|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> (by-polls)
*Mahesh Narayan Singh from [[Samajwadi Party]] (2012-2013)<ref name="election2021-1">{{Cite web|title=एसपी विधायक महेश नारायण सिंह का निधन|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/allahabad/sp-mla-mahesh-narayan-singh-dead/articleshow/18465652.cms|access-date=2021-10-06|website=Navbharat Times|language=hi}}</ref>
*[[Rakeshdhar Tripathi|Rakesh Dhar Tripathi]] from [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (2007-2012)<ref name="election2007">{{Cite web|title=🗳️ Rakesh Dhar Tripathi winner in Handia, Uttar pradesh Assembly Elections 2007: LIVE Results & Latest News: Election Dates, Polling Schedule, Election Results & Live Election Updates|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/2007/handia/|access-date=2021-10-06|website=LatestLY|language=en}}</ref>
*Mahesh Narayan Singh form [[Samajwadi Party]] (2002-2007)<ref name="election2002">{{Cite web|title=🗳️ Mahesh Narain Singh winner in Handia, Uttar pradesh Assembly Elections 2002: LIVE Results & Latest News: Election Dates, Polling Schedule, Election Results & Live Election Updates|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/2002/handia/|access-date=2021-10-06|website=LatestLY|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Rakeshdhar Tripathi|Rakesh Dhar Tripathi]] from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (1996-2002)<ref name="election1996">{{Cite web|title=🗳️ Rakesh Dhar Tripathi winner in Handia, Uttar pradesh Assembly Elections 1996: LIVE Results & Latest News: Election Dates, Polling Schedule, Election Results & Live Election Updates|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/1996/handia/|access-date=2021-10-06|website=LatestLY|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Jokhu Lal Yadav]] from [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (1993-1996)
*Brij Bhan Yadav from [[Janata Dal]] (1991-1993)
*[[Rakeshdhar Tripathi|Rakesh Dhar Tripathi]] from [[Janata Dal]] (1989-1991)
*[[Rakeshdhar Tripathi|Rakesh Dhar Tripathi]] [[Janata Party]] (1985-1989)
*Ranendra Tripathi from [[Indian National Congress]] (1980-1985)
*[[Athai Ram Yadav]] from [[Janata Party]] (1977-1980)
*[[Athai Ram Yadav]] from [[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]] (1974-1977)
*Rajit Ram from [[Indian National Congress]] (1969-1974)
*[[Athai Ram Yadav]] from Independent (1967-1969)<ref name="election2022-1">{{Cite web|title=Handia Assembly constituency Election Result 2022 - Candidates, MLAs, Live Updates & News|url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/handia.html|access-date=2021-10-06|website=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref name="election2022-2">{{Cite web |title=up election 2022 : हंडिया विधानसभा में 1985 से है राकेशधर का दबदबा, चार बार बंधा जीत का सेहरा |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/allahabad/handia-vidhan-sabha-since-1985-rakeshdhar-or-direct-involvement-of-family |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Handia<ref name="election2022"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Hakim Lal Bind]]
|votes = {{formatnum:84417}}
|percentage = 39.36
|change = +11.95
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = NISHAD Party
|candidate = Prashant Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:80874}}
|percentage = 37.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Narendra Kumar (Munna Tripathi)
|votes = {{formatnum:33877}}
|percentage = 15.8
|change = -20.04
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party
|candidate = Gulab Chandra
|votes = {{formatnum:4349}}
|percentage = 2.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Lal Sahab
|votes = {{formatnum:1984}}
|percentage = 0.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1960}}
|percentage = 0.91
|change = -0.3
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:3543}}
|percentage = 1.65
|change = -2.57
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:214451}}
|percentage = 53.47
|change = -1.22
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Bahujan Samaj Party]] candidate [[Hakim Lal Bind]] won in [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Apna Dal (Sonelal)]] candidate Pramila Devi by a margin of 8,526 votes.<ref name="election2017">{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/handia.html|title=Assembly result 2017|website=Elections.in|access-date=2017-08-25}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Handi<ref name="election2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Hakim Lal Bind
|votes = {{formatnum:72446}}
|percentage = 35.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|candidate = Pramila Tripathi
|votes = {{formatnum:63920}}
|percentage = 31.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Nidhi Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:55403}}
|percentage = 27.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Awadhesh Kumar Tiwari
|votes = {{formatnum:2995}}
|percentage = 1.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2414}}
|percentage = 1.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:8526}}
|percentage = 4.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:202123}}
|percentage = 54.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|25.36|82.19|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Prayagraj district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Nikhat Zareen

2026-04-15T19:52:54Z

JessDudley8515: created initial details first draft...

{{Short description|Indian boxer (born 1996)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox boxer (amateur)
|image = Nikhatzareen Cropped.jpg
|caption = Zareen in 2022
|weight class = [[Flyweight]] and [[Light flyweight]]
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1996|6|14}}
|birth_place = [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
|show-medals = yes
|medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Women's [[amateur boxing]]}}[[File:Boxing pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCount | total = yes
| [[IBA World Boxing Championships|World Championships]] | 2 | 0 | 0
| [[World Boxing Cup|World Cup]] | 1 | 0 | 0
| [[Commonwealth Games]] | 1 | 0 | 0
| [[Asian Games]] | 0 | 0 | 1
| [[Asian Boxing Championships|Asian Championships]] | 0 | 0 | 1
| [[IBA Youth and Junior World Boxing Championships|Junior World Championships]] | 1 | 1 | 0
}}
{{MedalComp|[[IBA World Boxing Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships|2022 Istanbul]]|[[2022 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships – Flyweight|Flyweight]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships|2023 New Delhi]]|[[2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships – Light flyweight|Light flyweight]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Boxing Cup|World Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 World Boxing Cup|2025 New Delhi]]|[[2025 World Boxing Cup#Finals|Flyweight]]}}
{{MedalComp|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 Commonwealth Games|2022 Birmingham]]|[[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's light flyweight|Light flyweight]]}}
{{MedalComp|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Boxing at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's 50 kg|Light flyweight]]}}
{{MedalComp|[[Asian Amateur Boxing Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2019 Asian Amateur Boxing Championships|2019 Bangkok]]|[[2019 Asian Amateur Boxing Championships#Women|Flyweight]]}}
{{MedalComp|[[IBA Youth and Junior World Boxing Championships|Junior World Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|2011 Turkey|Flyweight}}
{{MedalSilver|2014 Bulgaria|Flyweight}}
}}
'''Nikhat Zareen''' (born 14 June 1996) is an Indian [[Amateur boxing|amateur boxer]]. She is a two-time world champion having won gold medals at the [[2022 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships|2022]] and the [[2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships|2023]] edition.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/nikhat-zareen-beats-vietnam-s-nguyen-thi-tam-to-bag-second-world-championships-gold-101679833217185.html |title=Nikhat Zareen beats Vietnam's Nguyen Thi Tam to bag second World Championships gold |date=26 March 2023 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326130215/https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/nikhat-zareen-beats-vietnam-s-nguyen-thi-tam-to-bag-second-world-championships-gold-101679833217185.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NDTV2022" /> Zareen has also won gold at the [[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's light flyweight|2022 Commonwealth Games]] and bronze at the [[Boxing at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's 50 kg|2022 Asian Games]].<ref name="CWG_HT" /><ref name="Peesara 2023 b371">{{cite news |last=Peesara |first=Anuraag |date=1 October 2023 | title=Asian Games 2023 boxing: Nikhat Zareen wins bronze medal, Parveen Hooda secures Paris Olympics quota |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/asian-games-2023-boxing-nikhat-zareen-semi-finals-bronze-medal-result-india | work=Olympics.com |access-date=1 October 2023}}</ref>

==Background==
Zareen was born on 14 June 1996 to mother Parveen Sultana and father Mohammad Jameel Ahmed in [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]], then part of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name="firstpost">{{cite news |title=India's Nikhat Zareen wins silver at Youth World Boxing |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/indias-nikhat-zareen-wins-silver-at-youth-world-boxing-1140849.html |access-date=21 May 2022 |work=Firstpost |date=29 September 2013 |language=en |archive-date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521063207/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/indias-nikhat-zareen-wins-silver-at-youth-world-boxing-1140849.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="thehindu">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/nikhat-zareen-wins-silver/article5183816.ece|title=Nikhat Zareen wins silver|access-date=31 May 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|date=30 September 2013|archive-date=15 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215112603/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/nikhat-zareen-wins-silver/article5183816.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> She finished her schooling from Nirmala Hrudaya Girls High School in [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]].<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-01/boxing/42573869_1_father-london-games-zareen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003141546/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-01/boxing/42573869_1_father-london-games-zareen|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 October 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Nikhat Zareen wins over family resistance|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref> She then pursued [[Bachelor of Arts]] at [[AV College]], [[Hyderabad]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title = Nikhat Zareen packs a punch|url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/nikhat-zareen-packs-a-punch/article6935340.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 26 February 2015|access-date = 30 October 2015|issn = 0971-751X|language = en|archive-date = 4 February 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180204001432/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/nikhat-zareen-packs-a-punch/article6935340.ece|url-status = live}}</ref>

In 2021, Zareen was appointed the staff officer in the [[Bank of India]], zonal office at AC Guards, [[Hyderabad]].<ref name="TOI_June2021">{{cite news |title=Boxer Nikhat Zareen appointed as staff officer in Bank of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/off-the-field/boxer-nikhat-zareen-appointed-as-staff-officer-in-bank-of-india/articleshow/83667453.cms |access-date=21 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=19 June 2021 |language=en |archive-date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521063207/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/off-the-field/boxer-nikhat-zareen-appointed-as-staff-officer-in-bank-of-india/articleshow/83667453.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In September 2024, she was appointed as [[Deputy superintendent of police|Deputy Superintendent of Police]] in [[Telangana Police]].<ref>{{cite news |title=World champion boxer Nikhat Zareen joins Telangana police force as DSP |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/world-champion-boxer-nikhat-zareen-joins-telangana-police-force-as-dsp/article68657049.ece |work=The Hindu |date=19 September 2024 |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref>

==Career==
Zareen was introduced to boxing by her father, Mohammad Jameel Ahmed,<ref name="indiatimes" /> on the recommendation of Omkar Yadav, boxing coach at LB Stadium Hyderabad and she trained under him for a year.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sen Gupta |first=Abhijit |date=28 March 2023 |title=Nikhat – fragrance – from Hyderabad fills world atmosphere; her control over mind game puts her on top |url=https://www.siasat.com/nikhat-fragrance-from-hyderabad-fills-world-atmosphere-her-control-over-mind-game-puts-her-on-the-top-2555973/ |work=Siasat News |access-date=23 November 2025}}</ref> She was inducted into the [[Sports Authority of India]] in Vishakhapatnam to train under [[Dronacharya Award|Dronacharya]] awardee, IV Rao in 2009. A year later, she was being declared as the 'golden best boxer' at the [[Erode]] Nationals in 2010.<ref name="indiatimes" />

===Junior World Championships (2011–2015)===
Won gold medal in [[flyweight]] division held at the AIBA Women's Junior and Youth World Boxing Championship in [[Turkey]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=4 Indians win gold in AIBA Women's Youth & Junior World Championship |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/boxing/4-Indians-win-gold-in-AIBA-Womens-Youth-Junior-World-Championship/articleshow/8128801.cms?from=mdr |access-date=15 October 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=30 April 2011 |language=en |archive-date=22 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022130709/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/boxing/4-Indians-win-gold-in-AIBA-Womens-Youth-Junior-World-Championship/articleshow/8128801.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> Zareen was up against Turkish boxer Ulku Demir and after three rounds won the bout 27:16.<ref>{{cite news |title=4 Indians win gold in AIBA Women's Youth & Junior World Championship |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/boxing/4-Indians-win-gold-in-AIBA-Womens-Youth-Junior-World-Championship/articleshow/8128801.cms |work=timesofindia |date=30 April 2011 |language=en |access-date=15 October 2020 |archive-date=20 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520073713/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/boxing/4-indians-win-gold-in-aiba-womens-youth-junior-world-championship/articleshow/8128801.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=AIBA Women's Youth and Junior World Championship: Indian Women Continue Their Dream Run|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/boxing/aiba-womens-youth-and-junior-world-championship-indian-women-continue-their-dream-run|work=sportskeeda|date=28 April 2011|language=en|access-date=15 October 2020|archive-date=18 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018203400/https://www.sportskeeda.com/boxing/aiba-womens-youth-and-junior-world-championship-indian-women-continue-their-dream-run|url-status=live}}</ref>

She won a silver medal in the [[AIBA Youth World Boxing Championships|Youth World Boxing Championship]] held in [[Bulgaria]] in 2014.<ref name="thehindu2">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/boxer-awaits-reward-amid-political-turmoil/article5201810.ece|title=Boxer awaits reward amid political turmoil|access-date=31 May 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|date=4 October 2013|last1=Subrahmanyam|first1=V. V.|archive-date=28 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528013809/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/boxer-awaits-reward-amid-political-turmoil/article5201810.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

She won a gold medal at the third Nations Cup International Boxing Tournament held in [[Novi Sad]], [[Serbia]] on 12 January 2014. Zareen defeated Paltceva Ekaterina of [[Russia]] in the 51 kg weight category.

She won a gold medal at 16th Senior Woman National Boxing Championship at [[Assam]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indtoday.com/boxer-nikhat-zareen-won-gold-medal-16th-senior-woman-national-boxing-championship-at-assam-indtoday-com/|title=Boxer Nikhat Zareen won Gold Medal 16th Senior Woman National Boxing Championship at Assam |date=1 November 2015 |work=INDToday |access-date=11 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204000646/https://indtoday.com/boxer-nikhat-zareen-won-gold-medal-16th-senior-woman-national-boxing-championship-at-assam-indtoday-com/ |archive-date=4 February 2018}}</ref>

===International tournament victories (2016–2022)===
She won a silver medal at Thailand Open International Boxing Tournament held in [[Bangkok]].<ref name="Thailand">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/hyderabad/this-silver-medal-at-thailand-open-is-a-huge-confidence-boost-for-me-ahead-of-the-world-championships-nikhat-zareen/articleshow/70410265.cms |title=This silver medal at Thailand Open is a huge confidence boost for me ahead of the World Championships: Nikhat Zareen |website=the Times of India |first=Suhas |last=Yellapantula |date=28 July 2019 |access-date=8 December 2019 |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318000204/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/hyderabad/this-silver-medal-at-thailand-open-is-a-huge-confidence-boost-for-me-ahead-of-the-world-championships-nikhat-zareen/articleshow/70410265.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

She won a gold medal at Strandja Memorial Boxing Tournament held in [[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]].<ref name="Bulgaria">{{cite news |title=Strandja Memorial Boxing Tournament 2019: Nikhat Zareen, Meena Kumari Devi strike gold; Manju Rani settles for silver |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/strandja-memorial-boxing-tournament-2019-nikhat-zareen-meena-kumari-devi-strike-gold-manju-rani-settles-for-silver-6114381.html |access-date=27 September 2020 |work=Firstpost |date=19 February 2019 |archive-date=14 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214124116/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/strandja-memorial-boxing-tournament-2019-nikhat-zareen-meena-kumari-devi-strike-gold-manju-rani-settles-for-silver-6114381.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Zareen defeated Ukraine's Tetiana Kob, a three-time European Championships medallist 4-1 to clinch a gold medal at the 73rd Strandja Memorial Boxing Tournament in Sofia, [[Bulgaria]].<ref>{{cite news |last=PTI |title=Strandja Memorial Boxing: Nikhat Zareen, Nitu Strike Gold For India |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/boxing/strandja-memorial-boxing-nikhat-zareen-nitu-strike-gold-for-india-2793247 |date=17 February 2022 |work=NDTV |access-date=27 February 2022 |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227180539/https://sports.ndtv.com/boxing/strandja-memorial-boxing-nikhat-zareen-nitu-strike-gold-for-india-2793247 |url-status=live }}</ref> The women's team was led by coach Bhaskar Bhatt.<ref>{{cite news |title=Strandja Memorial Boxing: Nikhat Zareen, Nitu Strike Gold For India |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/boxing/strandja-memorial-boxing-nikhat-zareen-nitu-strike-gold-for-india-2793247 |work=NDTV Sports |date=17 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227180539/https://sports.ndtv.com/boxing/strandja-memorial-boxing-nikhat-zareen-nitu-strike-gold-for-india-2793247 |url-status=live }}</ref> She also beat Tokyo Olympics silver medallist [[Buse Naz Çakıroğlu]] in the semi-finals.<ref>{{cite news |last1=ANI |title=Nikhat Zareen, Nitu clinch gold medals as India finish with 3 medals at Strandja Boxing Tournament |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/nikhat-zareen-nitu-clinch-gold-medals-as-india-finish-with-3-medals-at-strandja-boxing-tournament-101645976019817.html |access-date=27 February 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=27 February 2022 |language=en |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227153707/https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/nikhat-zareen-nitu-clinch-gold-medals-as-india-finish-with-3-medals-at-strandja-boxing-tournament-101645976019817.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===World Boxing Championships & Commonwealth Games (2022–2024)===
On 19 May 2022, Zareen won the gold medal in the 52 kg category at the [[2022 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships|Women's World Championship]] defeating Thailand's Jitpong Jutamas in the fly-weight final in [[Istanbul]], Turkey. Zareen became the fifth Indian women's boxer to win a gold medal at the World Championships, joining [[Mary Kom]], [[Laishram Sarita Devi]], [[Jenny R. L.]], and [[Lekha K. C.]]<ref name="NDTV2022">{{Cite news |title=India's Nikhat Zareen Wins Gold At Women's World Boxing Championships |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/boxing/indias-nikhat-zareen-wins-gold-at-womens-world-boxing-championships-2991559 |access-date=19 May 2022 |work=NDTV |date=19 May 2022 |archive-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519154230/https://sports.ndtv.com/boxing/indias-nikhat-zareen-wins-gold-at-womens-world-boxing-championships-2991559 |url-status=live }}</ref> She was only the second Indian boxer to win a World Championships Gold Medal abroad (outside India) after M.C. Mary Kom, who did it four times out of her six Gold Medals.

Zareen won the third gold medal for India in the Commonwealth Games 2022 in Birmingham after defeating Carly McNaul of Northern Ireland by 5-0 on 7 August 2022 in the 48–50 kg category (light flyweight category).<ref name="CWG_HT">{{cite news |title=Nikhat Zareen wins maiden CWG gold to extend India's boxing juggernaut at Commonwealth Games 2022 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/commonwealth-games/nikhat-zareen-wins-maiden-cwg-gold-to-extend-india-s-boxing-juggernaut-at-commonwealth-games-2022-101659877855455.html |access-date=7 August 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=7 August 2022 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807143225/https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/commonwealth-games/nikhat-zareen-wins-maiden-cwg-gold-to-extend-india-s-boxing-juggernaut-at-commonwealth-games-2022-101659877855455.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="CWG_ITN">{{cite news |last1=Maniyar |first1=Aachal |title=Commonwealth Games: Nikhat Zareen clinches gold, bags 3rd medal in boxing for India |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/other/commonwealth-games-2022-nikhat-zareen-clinches-gold-bags-3rd-medal-in-boxing-for-india-birmingham-2022-08-07-798223 |access-date=7 August 2022 |work=India TV |date=7 August 2022 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807164857/https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/other/commonwealth-games-2022-nikhat-zareen-clinches-gold-bags-3rd-medal-in-boxing-for-india-birmingham-2022-08-07-798223 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Nikhat won 2nd world championship gold medal in [[2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships|2023 New Delhi IBA Women's world boxing championships]] after defeating Vietnam's Nguyen Thi Tam by 5-0 unanimous decision in the 48-50 kg category on 26 March 2023.<ref name="auto"/>

Zareen who entered the Olympics unseeded, defeated Maxi Carina Kloetzer 5-0 in the women’s 50 kg boxing round of 32 and proceeded to the pre-quarterfinal.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Who is Nikhat Zareen? Spotlight on the women's 50kg Indian boxing pre-quarterfinalist at Paris Olympics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/paris-olympics-2024/indiaparis/who-is-nikhat-zareen-spotlight-on-the-womens-50kg-indian-boxing-pre-quarterfinalist-at-paris-olympics/articleshow/112082905.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |date=28 July 2024 |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> She lost the round of 16 bout to Chinese world number 1 [[Wu Yu (boxer)|Wu Yu]] in a unanimous defeat of 5-0.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vasavda |first=Nikhil |date=1 August 2024 |title='Nikhat Zareen is a fighter, be it in life or the ring' Indian boxer vows to bounce back after loss to Wu Yu |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/nikhat-zareen-vows-to-bounce-back-after-olympics-loss-to-wu-yu-9489643/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref>

==Achievements==
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan=5 style="background: #013A5E; colour: #FFFFFF;| International Titles
|-
!style="background: #013A5E; colour: #FFFFFF;| Year
!style="background: #013A5E; colour: #FFFFFF;| Place
!style="background: #013A5E; colour: #FFFFFF;| Weight
!style="background: #013A5E; colour: #FFFFFF;| Competition
!style="background: #013A5E; colour: #FFFFFF;| Location
|-
|-bgcolor=F7F6A8
| 2011 || {{gold1}} || 48 || AIBA Women's Junior and Youth World Boxing Championship || Turkey
|-
|-bgcolor=DCE5E5
| 2014 || {{silver2}} || 45–48 || Youth World Boxing Championship || Bulgaria
|-
|-bgcolor=F7F6A8
| 2014 || {{gold1}} || 51 || Nations Cup International Boxing Tournament || [[Novi Sad]], Serbia
|-
|-bgcolor=F7F6A8
| 2018 || {{gold1}} || 51 || 56th Belgrade International Championship ||[[Belgrade]], Serbia

|-
|-bgcolor=FFDAB9
| 2019 || {{bronze3}} || 51 || Asian Championships ||[[Bangkok]], Thailand
|-
|-bgcolor=DCE5E5
| 2019 || {{silver2}} || 51 || Thailand Open International Boxing Tournament ||[[Bangkok]], Thailand
|-
|-bgcolor=F7F6A8
| 2019 || {{gold1}} || 51 || Strandja Memorial Boxing Tournament || [[Sofia]], Bulgaria
|-
|-bgcolor=FFDAB9
| 2021 || {{bronze3}} || 51 || Istanbul Bosphorus Boxing Tournament || [[Istanbul]], Turkey
|-
|-bgcolor=F7F6A8
| 2022 || {{gold1}} || 51 || Strandja Memorial Boxing Tournament ||[[Sofia]], Bulgaria
|-
|-bgcolor=F7F6A8
| 2022 || {{gold1}} || 52 || IBA Women's World Boxing Championships ||[[Istanbul]], Turkey
|-
|-bgcolor=F7F6A8
| 2022 || {{gold1}} || 50 || XXII Commonwealth Games ||[[Birmingham]], England
|-
|-bgcolor=F7F6A8
| 2023 || {{gold1}} || 50 || IBA Women's World Boxing Championships ||[[New Delhi]], India
|}

==Brand endorsements==
In 2018, Zareen signed a brand endorsement deal with [[Adidas]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tewari |first1=Saumya |title=Adidas signs brand endorsement deal with Hima Das |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/yG9Zj6DW0aGZ4iLQxYEWYM/Adidas-signs-brand-endorsement-deal-with-Hima-Das.html |access-date=15 October 2020 |work=Mint |date=18 September 2018 |archive-date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027220427/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/yG9Zj6DW0aGZ4iLQxYEWYM/Adidas-signs-brand-endorsement-deal-with-Hima-Das.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Zareen is supported by the Welspun group and is included in the [[Target Olympic Podium Scheme]] of
[[Sports Authority of India]].<ref>{{cite news |title=I've decided to look ahead: Boxer Nikhat Zareen starts fresh for upcoming Asian Games, CWG |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/other/2020/aug/22/ive-decided-to-look-ahead-boxer-nikhat-zareen-starts-fresh-for-upcoming-asian-games-cwg-2186963.html |work=New Indian Express |date=22 August 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |archive-date=19 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019195441/https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/other/2020/aug/22/ive-decided-to-look-ahead-boxer-nikhat-zareen-starts-fresh-for-upcoming-asian-games-cwg-2186963.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Subrahmanyam |first=V. V. |date=17 September 2020 |title=Boxer Nikhat Zareen pleased to be back in TOPS |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/boxing/nikhat-zareen-tops-boxing-sports-authority-of-india-union-ministry-mary-kom-sports-news/article32631422.ece |magazine=Sportstar |access-date=18 October 2020 |archive-date=19 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019055215/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/boxing/nikhat-zareen-tops-boxing-sports-authority-of-india-union-ministry-mary-kom-sports-news/article32631422.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Awards==
* Nikhat was appointed the official ambassador of her home town [[Nizamabad, Telangana]].<ref>{{Cite news|title = Nikhat Zareen is brand ambassador of Nizamabad|url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/nikhat-zareen-is-brand-ambassador-of-nizamabad/article6686616.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 13 December 2014|access-date = 30 October 2015|issn = 0971-751X|archive-date = 20 May 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220520094833/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/nikhat-zareen-is-brand-ambassador-of-nizamabad/article6686616.ece|url-status = live}}</ref>
* Best Boxer in the All India Inter-University Boxing Championship, [[Jalandhar, Punjab]] - February 2015<ref name=":0" />
* JFW award for Excellence in Sports 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Young Fighter; Nikhat Zareen |url=https://jfwonline.com/article/the-young-fighter-nikhat-zareen/ |access-date=27 September 2020 |work=JFW Just for women |date=24 September 2019 |archive-date=31 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031221218/https://jfwonline.com/article/the-young-fighter-nikhat-zareen/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Arjuna Award 2022<ref name="National Sports Awards 2022: Sharath Kamal, Lakshya Sen, Nikhat Zareen & Others Receive Awards">{{cite news |last1=ABP Live |title=National Sports Awards 2022: Sharath Kamal, Lakshya Sen, Nikhat Zareen & Others Receive Awards |url=https://news.abplive.com/sports/national-sports-awards-2022-ceremony-sharath-kamal-bestowed-with-khel-ratna-winners-full-list-arjuna-award-lakshya-sen-nikhat-zareen-1566643 |access-date=5 December 2022 |work= |date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205094723/https://news.abplive.com/sports/national-sports-awards-2022-ceremony-sharath-kamal-bestowed-with-khel-ratna-winners-full-list-arjuna-award-lakshya-sen-nikhat-zareen-1566643 |archive-date=5 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.indiaboxing.in/boxerdetails.php?regno=8861 Indian Boxing Federation Boxer Details – Nikhat Zareen]
* {{BoxRec}}

{{Footer World Womens Amateur Champions Light Flyweight}}
{{Footer World Womens Amateur Champions Flyweight}}
{{Footer Commonwealth Champions Women Light Flyweight}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zareen, Nikhat}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:People from Nizamabad, Telangana]]
[[Category:Boxers from Telangana]]
[[Category:Indian women boxers]]
[[Category:Flyweight boxers]]
[[Category:IBA Women's World Boxing Championships medalists]]
[[Category:Boxers at the 2024 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic boxers for India]]
[[Category:Boxers at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Women boxers]]
[[Category:Boxers at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in boxing]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games boxers for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists in boxing]]

Hulsoor Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:23:37Z

JessDudley8515: Created

{{Short description|Former Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Hulsoor
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Bidar district|Bidar]]
| division = [[Gulbarga division|Gulbarga]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bidar Lok Sabha constituency|Bidar]]
| constituency_no =
| established = 1951
| reservation = SC
| abolished = 2008
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year =
| electors =
}}

'''Hulsoor Assembly constituency''' was one of the seats in [[Karnataka]] state assembly in India until 2008 when it was made defunct. It was part of [[Bidar Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#BB8ED0" | [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Deshpande Bapurao || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Mahadeo Rao || {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Bapu Rao || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || P. R. Dhondibha || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Mahendra Kumar Kallappa
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Madanlal Badeappa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || Ramchander Veerappa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Shivakhantha Cheture || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || Mahendra Kumar Kallappa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || L. K. Chawan || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || rowspan="2" | Rajendra Varma
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Hulsoor <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Rajendra Varma |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 29,285 |percentage = 34.00% |change = {{decrease}}10.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Babu Honnanaik |party = Independent politician |votes = 27,850 |percentage = 32.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Doddi Dashrath |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 11,669 |percentage = 13.55% |change = {{decrease}}13.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sanju Kumar G. Dange |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 8,211 |percentage = 9.53% |change = {{decrease}}6.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Vithal Dakulagi |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 3,417 |percentage = 3.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gundappa Sharnappa Sherikar |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,559 |percentage = 1.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhimarao |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,383 |percentage = 1.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivakhantha Cheture |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,149 |percentage = 1.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shobhabai Bijapure |party = Independent politician |votes = 914 |percentage = 1.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,435 |percentage = 1.67% |change = {{decrease}}15.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 86,187 |percentage = 52.93% |change = {{decrease}}0.81 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 86,141}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 162,838 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.31 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}10.70 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Hulsoor <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Rajendra Varma |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 32,189 |percentage = 44.70% |change = {{increase}}5.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivaraj Hasankar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,732 |percentage = 27.40% |change = {{increase}}15.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shravan Kumar M. Gaikwad |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 11,573 |percentage = 16.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Vithal Dakulagi |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,899 |percentage = 2.64% |change = {{increase}}0.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Milind Baliram (Guruji) |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 1,746 |percentage = 2.42% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajendra Gopu Chawan |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,492 |percentage = 2.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = L. K. Chawan |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,102 |percentage = 1.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pyage Vaijanath |party = Independent politician |votes = 892 |percentage = 1.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. Mahadevi |party = Independent politician |votes = 780 |percentage = 1.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,457 |percentage = 17.30% |change = {{increase}}11.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 76,550 |percentage = 53.74% |change = {{decrease}}2.63 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 72,007}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 4,530 |percentage = 5.92% |change = {{increase}}2.92 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 142,452 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.20 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}5.25 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Hulsoor <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = L. K. Chawan |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 28,402 |percentage = 39.45% |change = {{increase}}35.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manik Rao Sambhaji Pranjape |party = Janata Dal |votes = 24,034 |percentage = 33.38% |change = {{increase}}5.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramchandra Hosmani |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 8,587 |percentage = 11.93% |change = {{decrease}}17.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jairam Ghaleppa |party = Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |votes = 3,920 |percentage = 5.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manikrao. M. Master |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 1,859 |percentage = 2.58% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Baburao Pandurangrao |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,518 |percentage = 2.11% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jayaraj Chature |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 1,450 |percentage = 2.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Babu Ramana Jalde |party = Independent politician |votes = 824 |percentage = 1.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohan Kishan Mllind Guruji |party = Independent politician |votes = 439 |percentage = 0.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,368 |percentage = 6.07% |change = {{increase}}4.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 74,216 |percentage = 56.37% |change = {{increase}}4.42 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 71,991}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,225 |percentage = 3.00% |change = {{decrease}}6.64 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 131,651 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.58 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}9.82 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Hulsoor <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mahendra Kumar Kallappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,709 |percentage = 29.63% |change = {{increase}}4.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manik Rao Sambhaji Pranjape |party = Janata Dal |votes = 15,842 |percentage = 28.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Surendra Veerupaksh Swamy Shastri |party = Independent politician |votes = 12,751 |percentage = 22.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arjun Veerappa Janjeer |party = Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh |votes = 2,898 |percentage = 5.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prithviraj. S. Jadhav |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 2,465 |percentage = 4.37% |change = {{increase}}2.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arjun Rao Dange |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,713 |percentage = 3.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gangamma Tulsiram Phoole |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 1,115 |percentage = 1.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Laxman Gundappa Gupta |party = Independent politician |votes = 925 |percentage = 1.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Doddi Dashrath Nagappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 581 |percentage = 1.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 867 |percentage = 1.54% |change = {{decrease}}18.98 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 62,414 |percentage = 51.95% |change = {{increase}}3.50 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 56,399}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 6,015 |percentage = 9.64% |change = {{increase}}7.30 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 120,137 |ref = |change = {{increase}}27.21 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}16.17 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Hulsoor <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shivakhantha Cheture |party = Janata Party |votes = 20,468 |percentage = 45.80% |change = {{increase}}12.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramachandra Veerappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 11,300 |percentage = 25.29% |change = {{decrease}}23.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tataya Rao Kamble |party = Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes = 11,191 |percentage = 25.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajendra Varma |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 714 |percentage = 1.60% |change = {{decrease}}14.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ghalewwa Dhulappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 405 |percentage = 0.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,168 |percentage = 20.52% |change = {{increase}}5.00 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 45,759 |percentage = 48.45% |change = {{increase}}4.96 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 44,688}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,071 |percentage = 2.34% |change = {{decrease}}0.88 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 94,441 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.53 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}3.38 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Hulsoor <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ramchander Veerappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,847 |percentage = 49.18% |change = {{increase}}34.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jayaraj Chature |party = Janata Party |votes = 12,216 |percentage = 33.66% |change = {{increase}}1.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Asaji Eknath |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 5,881 |percentage = 16.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vithal Rao Cheelu Karbhari |party = Independent politician |votes = 346 |percentage = 0.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,631 |percentage = 15.52% |change = {{increase}}11.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 37,497 |percentage = 43.49% |change = {{decrease}}7.35 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 36,290}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,207 |percentage = 3.22% |change = {{decrease}}0.16 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 86,222 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.94 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}13.10 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Hulsoor <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Madanlal Badeappa |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 14,562 |percentage = 36.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tataya Rao Kamble |party = Janata Party |votes = 13,027 |percentage = 32.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Trimbak Dange |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 5,965 |percentage = 14.78% |change = {{decrease}}52.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thakursing Narayansing Rathod |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,924 |percentage = 12.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahendra Kumar |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,342 |percentage = 3.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Zareppa Vishwanath |party = Independent politician |votes = 536 |percentage = 1.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,535 |percentage = 3.80% |change = {{decrease}}42.31 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 41,769 |percentage = 50.84% |change = {{increase}}20.25 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 40,356}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,413 |percentage = 3.38% |change = {{increase}}3.38 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,164 |ref = |change = {{increase}}23.27 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}31.05 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Hulsoor <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mahendra Kumar Kallappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 13,282 |percentage = 67.13% |change = {{increase}}13.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maruthi Devendra |party = Samyukta Socialist Party |votes = 4,159 |percentage = 21.02% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivram Mogha |party = Independent politician |votes = 954 |percentage = 4.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Brahmakant Narsing Rao |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 667 |percentage = 3.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Asaji Eknath |party = Independent politician |votes = 471 |percentage = 2.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nagendra Rao Narsing |party = Independent politician |votes = 252 |percentage = 1.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,123 |percentage = 46.11% |change = {{increase}}36.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 20,389 |percentage = 30.59% |change = {{decrease}}14.83 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 19,785}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 66,656 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.32 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}13.69 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Hulsoor <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = P. R. Dhondibha |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 13,220 |percentage = 53.44% |change = {{increase}}10.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. D. Tipkurle |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 10,785 |percentage = 43.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. R. N. Rao |party = Independent politician |votes = 734 |percentage = 2.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,435 |percentage = 9.84% |change = {{increase}}9.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 26,255 |percentage = 45.42% |change = {{decrease}}16.25 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 24,739}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 57,802 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.85 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}10.35 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Hulsoor <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Bapu Rao |party = Independent politician |votes = 13,424 |percentage = 43.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Subhadra Bai |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 13,386 |percentage = 42.97% |change = {{increase}}1.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manikappa |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 4,344 |percentage = 13.94% |change = {{decrease}}44.60 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 38 |percentage = 0.12% |change = {{decrease}}16.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 33,996 |percentage = 61.67% |change = {{increase}}14.03 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 31,154}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,127 |ref = |change = {{increase}}26.92 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Praja Socialist Party |swing = {{decrease}}15.45 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Hulsoor <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mahadeo Rao |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 12,114 |percentage = 58.54% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhimarao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 8,578 |percentage = 41.46% |change = {{decrease}}14.57 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,536 |percentage = 17.09% |change = {{decrease}}0.70 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 20,692 |percentage = 47.64% |change = {{decrease}}7.32 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 20,692}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 43,435 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}14.31 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Praja Socialist Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}2.51 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Hulsur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Deshpande Bapurao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 15,611 |percentage = 56.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jawlgekar Madhavrao Sadasiv Vakil |party = Socialist Party (India) |votes = 10,656 |percentage = 38.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kulkarni Rangannath Kishanrao Saigeonkar |party = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad) |votes = 1,593 |percentage = 5.72% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,955 |percentage = 17.79% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 27,860 |percentage = 54.96% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 27,860}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,689 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{Coord|18.018162|77.010178|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Bidar district]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

Bilari Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:20:15Z

JessDudley8515: Creating a details from scratch...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bilari
| constituency_no = 30
| map_image = 30-Bilari.svg
| mla = Mohd Faheem Irfan
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Moradabad district|Moradabad]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sambhal Lok Sabha constituency|Sambhal]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:359209}}<ref name="election2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2029|5}}
| type= SLA
}}
'''Bilari''' is one of the 403 [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Uttar Pradesh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=election2017/>

It is split between [[Moradabad district|Moradabad]] district and [[Sambhal district|Sambhal]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |1951<ref name="results1951">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3241-uttar-pradesh-1951/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1971 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=21 April 2023}}</ref>
|Mahi Lal
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|Har Sahai
|-
| rowspan="2" |1957<ref name="results1957">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3242-uttar-pradesh-1957/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=21 April 2023}}</ref>
|Mahi Lal
|-
|Har Sahai
|-
|1962
|Het Ram<ref name="results1962">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3244-uttar-pradesh-1962/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=21 April 2023}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
! colspan="5" |Constituency abolished
|-
|2012
|[[Mohammad Irfan (Politician)|Mohammad Irfan]]<ref name="results2012">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3262-uttar-pradesh-2012/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|2016{{Efn|by-election}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Mohammed Faeem]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<ref name="election2017" />
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|
|
|
|-
|}
{{noteslist}}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bilari<ref name="election2022"/> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Mohd Faheem Irfan
|votes = {{formatnum:95338}}
|percentage = 39.92
|change = +2.52
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Parmeshwer Lal Saini
|votes = {{formatnum:87728}}
|percentage = 36.73
|change = +5.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Anil Kumar Chaudhary
|votes = {{formatnum:42411}}
|percentage = 17.76
|change = -8.85
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Khalid Zaman
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|votes = {{formatnum:9235}}
|percentage = 3.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1417}}
|percentage = 0.59
|change = +0.1
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:7610}}
|percentage = 3.19
|change = -2.68
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:238844}}
|percentage = 66.49
|change = -0.13
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bilari<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Mohammad Faeem Irfan
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:85682}}
|percentage = 37.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Suresh Saini
|votes = {{formatnum:72241}}
|percentage = 31.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Rishipal Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:60976}}
|percentage = 26.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Peace Party of India
|candidate = Arif Husain
|votes = {{formatnum:2666}}
|percentage = 1.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|candidate = Anil Chaudhary
|votes = {{formatnum:2493}}
|percentage = 1.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1123}}
|percentage = 0.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:13441}}
|percentage = 5.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:229116}}
|percentage = 66.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Moradabad district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|28.62|78.8|display=title}}

[[Category:Moradabad district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sambhal district]]

Meenaxi: Tale of Three Cities

2026-04-08T13:24:02Z

JessDudley8515: added entry...

{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Meenaxi: Tale of Three Cities
| image = Meenaxi, A Tale of Three Cities, 1995 film.jpg
| director = [[M. F. Husain]]
| producer = Reima Husain Faiza Husain
| writer = '''Story & Dialogue:''' M. F. Husain [[Owais Husain]]
| screenplay = Owais Husain
| starring = [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] [[Raghubir Yadav]] [[Nadira Babbar]] [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]]
| music = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| cinematography = [[Santosh Sivan]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| distributor = [[Yash Raj Films]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Film Distribution Company - Movie Distributors in Theaters|website=[[Yash Raj Films]]|access-date=15 April 2022|url=https://www.yashrajfilms.com/divisions/yrf-distribution-india|archive-date=17 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617155157/https://www.yashrajfilms.com/divisions/yrf-distribution-india|url-status=live}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|2004|4|2|df=y}}
| language = Hindi
| country = India
}}

'''''Meenaxi: Tale of Three Cities''''' (or '''''Meenaxi''''') is a 2004 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[musical drama film]] directed by [[M. F. Husain]] starring [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]], [[Raghubir Yadav]], [[Nadira Babbar]] and [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]]. The film is centered on [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] novelist Nawab (Yadav) who is suffering from [[writer's block]]. After five years and no stories, Nawab comes across an unconventional muse, Meenaxi (Tabu). The three cities referred to in the title are [[Hyderabad]], [[Jaisalmer]] and [[Prague]]. The film features a [[Meenaxi (soundtrack)|score and soundtrack]] by [[A. R. Rahman]].

It is semi-autobiographical in some aspects. There are allusions to Husain's own experiences with his muse, [[Madhuri Dixit]], with whom he made his previous film, ''[[Gaja Gamini]]'' (2000).<ref>{{cite web |author=thrki |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2004/03/21/stories/2004032100370500.htm |title=Cinematic vision |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 March 2004|accessdate=2023-08-22 |archive-date=29 June 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040629184700/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2004/03/21/stories/2004032100370500.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film was screened in the Marché du Film section of the [[2005 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Meenaxi-Tale-of-3-cities-screened-at-Cannes/223181|title=Meenaxi: Tale of 3 cities screened at Cannes|publisher=|access-date=18 October 2014|archive-date=23 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023065726/http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Meenaxi-Tale-of-3-cities-screened-at-Cannes/223181|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
Nawab, a popular Hyderabadi novelist, is suffering from a classic case of writer's block. Five years have passed, and stories of substance seem to have dried up. Then, almost providentially, Nawab comes across a young woman named Meenaxi. She's enigmatic and individualistic – and not quite willing to perform the part of a passive muse. But that doesn't deter a rejuvenated Nawab from giving her different personae – she can be the mysterious perfume trader of Hyderabad, the exotic desert bloom of Jaisalmer or the orphaned Maria of Prague. Inexorably, she consolidates her command over the novelist. She dismisses his renewed attempts at writing as insubstantial and hackneyed, plunging him into a state of deeper despair. She is scathingly critical about his story and is amused by one of his characters, the lovelorn and awkward Kameshwar. Finally, as Nawab strives on a new page all over again, Meenaxi comments that perhaps the book is in vain. In any case, it is much too late. The writer must survive and live, if he can, without her support, inspiration and criticism.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] in a [[dual role|triple role]] as
**Meenaxi
**Tanu
**Maria Zarkova
* [[Raghubir Yadav]] as Nawab
* [[Nadira Babbar]] as Khala / Masi
* [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]] as Kameshwar Mathur
* Sadiya Turabi as Naghma<ref name="TOI">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/akhil-akkineni-gets-engaged-to-zainab-ravdjee-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-fiance-of-the-tollywood-star/articleshow/115706196.cms|title=Akhil Akkineni gets engaged to Zainab Ravdjee: Everything you need to know about the fiancée of the Tollywood star|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 November 2024|access-date=20 February 2026}}</ref>
* Zainab Ravdjee as Naghma's friend<ref name="TOI"/>
* [[Sharat Saxena]] as Maharawal
* [[Bharat Kapoor]] as Masa
* [[Remo D'Souza]] as Kameshwar's friend
*Sagar Ishan Arya as Karanveer
}}

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Meenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 3 January 2004 (India)
| recorded = [[Panchathan Record Inn]]
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[World Music|World]]
| length = 39:52
| label = [[Sony BMG]]
| producer = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| prev_title = [[Udhaya (film)|Udhaya]]
| prev_year = 2004
| next_title = [[New (film)|New]]
| next_year = 2004
}}
[[A. R. Rahman]] composed music for the film, with lyrics written by [[Rahat Indori]], M. F. Husain, and [[Sukhwinder Singh]]. The music for ''Meenaxi'' was released on 3 January 2004, generating controversies for the song "Noor-Un-Ala" which had lyrics from the [[Quran]].<ref name="controversy">{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/does-mf-husain-love-controversy/9569-8.html |title=Why controversy dogs MF Husain - Movies News News - IBNLive |website=ibnlive.in.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110618001719/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/does-mf-husain-love-controversy/9569-8.html |archive-date=18 June 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The song "Noor-Un-Ala-Noor" is a [[Sufi music|Sufi style]] song sung by Murtaza Khan and Qadir Khan, together called Khan brothers. Lyrics for the song were by [[M. F. Hussain]] which slightly adapted the [[Quran]]ic verses honouring [[Allah]] to honour the lead character Meenaxi.<ref name="controversy" />

The audio was released on 3 January 2004 creating controversy regarding the song "Noor-Un-Ala" which had lyrics directly taken from the [[Quran]].<ref name="controversy"/> The film was pulled from cinemas a day after some Muslim organisations raised objections to the song.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040417/nation.htm#8 |title=Husain pulls Meenaxi out of theatres |access-date=5 June 2012 |archive-date=24 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324075630/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040417/nation.htm#8 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Album reviews
|rev1 = [[Bollywood Hungama]]
|rev1score = {{Rating|3|5}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/musicreview/7123/index.html |title=Meenaxi : Music Review by Joginder Tuteja |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=3 February 2004 |accessdate=2023-08-22 |archive-date=29 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529022154/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/musicreview/7123/index.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>
}}

=== Track listing ===
{| class="wikitable tracklist" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Track # !! Song !! Singer(s) !! Lyrics !! Length !! Notes
|-
| 1
| "Yeh Rishta"
| [[Reena Bhardwaj]]
| [[Rahat Indori]]
| 4:40
| [[Strings (music)|Strings]] by [[John Themis]] Reused in [[Sakkarakatti]] as "Naan Eppodhu"
|-
| 2
| "Chinnamma Chilakkamma"
| Sukhwinder Singh
| Sukhwinder Singh
| 5:45
| Reused in ''Sakkarakatti'' as "Chinnamma Chilakkamma" Partly sung in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] by [[Ganga Sitharasu|Ganga]], [[Febi Mani|Febi]], Kanchana, [[A. R. Reihana]]
|-
| 3
| "Do Kadam"
| [[Sonu Nigam]]
| Rahat Indori
| 5:58
| [[Strings (music)|Strings]] by [[Rashid Ali (singer)|Rashid Ali]] Flute by [[Naveen Kumar (Flautist)|Naveen Kumar]]
|-
| 4
| "Dhuan Dhuan"
| [[Asha Bhonsle]]
| Rahat Indori
| 5:42
| Additional vocals by [[Kunal Ganjawala]] Percussions by [[Sivamani (percussionist)|Sivamani]] [[Groove (music)|Additional Grooves]] by [[James Asher]]
|-
| 5
| "Rang Hai"
| [[Alka Yagnik]]
| Rahat Indori
| 5:21
| Additional Vocals by Dallinda Percussions by [[Hossam Ramzy]]
|-
| 6
| "Noor-Un-Ala-Noor"
| Murtuza Khan, Qadir Khan
| M. F. Husain
| 6:55
|
|-
| 7
| "Cyclist's Rhythm"
| [[Instrumental]]
|
| 3:01
| Percussions by Sivamani Flute by [[Naveen Kumar (Flautist)|Naveen Kumar]]
|-
| 8
| "Potter's Village"
| [[Instrumental]]
|
| 2:28
| Percussions by [[Hossam Ramzy]] [[Strings (music)|Strings]] by John Themis
|}

== Reception ==
Ronjita Kulkarni of [[Rediff.com]] called the film "poetry in colour", and praised Tabu's performance, writing, "Tabu is brilliant. The way she teases the two men in the film is spectacular. She is aided, of course, by Husain's knack of presenting his women beautifully, like he did to [[Madhuri Dixit]] in [[Gaja Gamini]]."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/apr/01meenaxi.htm|title=Tabu is GLORIOUS!|first=Ronjita|last=Kulkarni|website=[[Rediff]]|date=1 April 2004|access-date=22 August 2023|archive-date=31 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731110908/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/apr/01meenaxi.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Derek Elley]] of [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] wrote, "Painter-cum-filmmaker M.F. Husain lets palette take precedence over plotting in “Meenaxi: Tale of 3 Cities,” a beautifully lensed tale of a writer bewitched by a female muse that desperately needs a more solid script. An artier, free-form take on Bollywood formulae, this showcase for actress Tabu (niece of veteran thesp Shabana Azmi) could find a niche offshore on the strength of its visuals and the varied score by composer du jour A.R. Rahman, though wider dissemination will be on ancillary."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2004/film/markets-festivals/meenaxi-tale-of-3-cities-1200533019/|title=Meenaxi: Tale of 3 Cities|first=Derek|last=Elley|date=5 June 2004|access-date=22 August 2023|archive-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610051208/http://variety.com/2004/film/markets-festivals/meenaxi-tale-of-3-cities-1200533019/|url-status=live}}</ref> Manish Gajjar of [[BBC.com]] wrote that the film "will appeal to those who appreciate art. It is definitely not one of your run of the mill Bollywood's [[Masala film|masala films]]."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2004/04/meenaxi_review.shtml|last=Gajjar|first=Manish|title=BBC - Shropshire - Bollywood - Meenaxi Review|website=[[BBC.co.uk]]|access-date=22 August 2023|date=14 December 2004|archive-date=14 December 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041214095139/http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2004/04/meenaxi_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[51st National Film Awards|2003]]: [[National Film Awards]]:
** [[National Film Award for Best Production Design|Best Production Design]]: [[Sharmishta Roy]]<ref name="51stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/51st_nff_2004.pdf|title=51st National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|accessdate=3 November 2014|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234942/http://dff.nic.in/2011/51st_nff_2004.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2005: [[Zee Cine Awards]]
** Best Art Direction: Sharmishta Roy
** [[Zee Cine Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]: [[Santosh Sivan]]{{cn|date=August 2023}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0366761}}

[[Category:2004 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2004 films]]
[[Category:Films shot in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Films scored by A. R. Rahman]]
[[Category:Films whose production designer won the Best Production Design National Film Award]]
[[Category:Films distributed by Yash Raj Films]]
[[Category:2000s Urdu-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films set in Prague]]
[[Category:Films shot in Prague]]
[[Category:Films set in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Films shot in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Films about writers]]
[[Category:Films about nobility]]
[[Category:Films about interclass romance]]
[[Category:Films about Islam]]

Indulekha (TV series)

2026-04-05T22:48:58Z

JessDudley8515: Done

{{short description|Indian Malayalam TV series}}
{{about|a [[Television serial]] in [[Malayalam]]|other uses|Indulekha (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Indulekha_serial.jpg
| image_upright =
| channel = [[Surya TV]]
| caption = Indulekha
| company = {{Plainlist|
*Jinu Lona's Wellborn International {{small|(Episode - 1 to 97) }}
*Chavara Films {{small|(Episode 97 - present)}}
}}
| editor = {{Plainlist|
*Anandhu S.V.
*Govind Prem
}}
| runtime = 18-27 minutes
| camera = [[Multi-Camera]]
| executive_producer = Santhosh Rodrix
| num_episodes = 153 
| language = Malayalam
| producer = {{Plainlist|
*Jinu Lona {{small|(Episode 1 to 97)}}
*Sibi Chavara {{small|(Episode 97 - present)}}
}}
| director = Githeesh Karunakaran
| story = Biju Vattapara
| first_aired = {{Start date|2020|10|05|df=y}}
| screenplay = Majeed Sayid
| writer = Biju Vattapara
| genre = {{Plainlist|
*[[Soap operas]]
*[[Romance film|Romance]]
*[[Family drama|Drama]]
}}
| voices = Parvathy P
| italic_title =
| budget =
| presenter =
| num_seasons = 1
| related =
| last_aired = {{End date|2021|05|07|df=y}}
| country = India
| cinematography = Raajeev Rajendran
| location = [[Alappuzha]]
| alt_name =
| composer = Sunaad Shankar
| opentheme = പെണ്ണെ നിൻ മാരൻ വന്നേ കല്യാണമല്ലേ
| endtheme =
| theme_music_composer = {{Plainlist|
*Ajay Kunnel
*[[M. Jayachandran]]
}}
| starring = [[Malavika Krishnadas]] [[Ameen Madathil]]
| image_size = 220
}}
'''''Indulekha''''' is an Indian [[Malayalam]] [[television series]] directed by Githesh Karunakaran.The show premiered on [[Surya TV]] on 5 October 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keralatv.in/indulekha-serial-surya-wiki/|title= Indulekha Malayalam TV Serial On Surya TV Starting On 5th October At 7:30 P.M Weekdays At 7:30 P.M Is The Telecast Time Of Surya TV Serial Indulekha|website=Keralatv.in|date= October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Indulekha Detail|url= http://www.sunnetwork.in/program-details.aspx?IProgramID=x72J8tKTo90=&ShowType=banner|website=Sunnetwork.in}}</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/santhwanam-to-mr-mrs-new-malayalam-tv-shows-to-entertain-the-audience-soon/photostory/78258987.cms?picid=78488743 Santhwanam to Mr & Mrs: New Malayalam TV shows to entertain the audience soon]</ref> It stars [[Malavika Krishnadas]] and Ameen Madathil in lead roles along Balu Menon, Uma Nair, Manoj Nair and Manju Satheesh.<ref>{{Cite web|title= 'ഇന്ദുലേഖ വേറിട്ടൊരു സീരിയൽ, എല്ലാവർക്കും ഇഷ്ടാവും': വിശേഷങ്ങളുമായി മാളവികയും അമീനും!|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/serials/new-serial-indulekha-to-starts-from-2020-october-5th-onwards-actor-ameen-and-actress-malavika-krishnadas-talks-about-new-serial/articleshow/78488322.cms|website=Malayalam.samayam.com|language=malayalam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/uma-nair-enjoys-a-candid-moment-with-reel-brothers-on-the-sets-of-indulekha/articleshow/79429116.cms|title=Uma Nair enjoys a candid moment with reel brothers on sets of Indulekha|work=timesofindia}}</ref> All episodes of this show streaming on [[Sun NXT]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Watch all episodes of Indulekha from Sun NXT|website=Sunnxt|url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/106161}}</ref> The show marked the television debut of [[Ranji Panicker]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Renji Panicker to make his acting debut in Malayalam TV|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/indulekha-renji-panicker-to-make-his-acting-debut-in-malayalam-tv/articleshow/78423642.cms|website=thetimesofindia}}</ref> Show went off air abruptly on 7 May 2021 due to [[COVID-19]] situation and due to low [[Target rating point|TRP]] ratings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/television/indulekha-serial-stopped-actress-malavika-reveals-537457/lite/|title = ഇന്ദുലേഖ ഇനിയില്ല; വെളിപ്പെടുത്തലുമായി മാളവിക|work=Indian Express}}</ref>

==Synopsis==

The story is about a girl named Indulekha, who faces the death of her father, loss of their vast wealth and is forced out of their house, along with her mother and sister, all on her wedding day. Follow Indulekha, on her journey of survival as she rises from the ashes, to regain her family's lost glory and reclaim what is rightfully hers.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Malavika Krishnadas]] as Indulekha Ramanadha Menon (Indu)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/nayika-nayakan-fame-malavika-krishnadas-enjoys-a-jam-session-in-make-up-room-watch-video/articleshow/78310942.cms|title=Nayika Nayakan fame Malavika Krishnadas enjoys jam session in makeup room;Watch video|work=timesofindia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/amphtml/television/kudumbavilakku-actress-meera-vasudevan-to-saranya-anand-the-actresses-who-went-from-film-to-serial-067849.html|work=filmibeat|title=കുടുംബവിളക്കായി മീര, വേദിക എന്ന വില്ലത്തിയായി ശരണ്യ; സിനിമയിൽ നിന്ന് ഈ വർഷം മിനിസ്ക്രീനിലെത്തിയവർ|date=21 December 2020}}</ref> – Ramanadha Menon's eldest daughter.
*Ameen Madathil as Kalappurakkal Devaprasad (Devan) – Indulekha's fiancée. A young school teacher determined to support his love through thick and thin.

===Recurring===
*[[Uma Nair]] as Kalappurakkal Gowri Lakshmi (Chechiyamma)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-news/actress-uma-nair-shares-new-picture-from-the-set-of-indulekha-serial/articleshow/78623542.cms|title= 'അനുജൻമാർക്കൊപ്പം കളപ്പുരക്കൽ ചേച്ചിയമ്മ'; കുറഞ്ഞ സമയത്തിനുള്ളിൽ ഒരുപാട് സ്നേഹം നൽകിയവർക്ക് നന്ദി പറഞ്ഞ് ഉമാ നായർ|work=samayam|language=ml}}</ref> – Devan, Shivan and Vishnu's elder sister and motherly figure.
*Balu Menon as Kalappurakkal Mahadevan Thampi (Chettachan)<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/vanambadis-uma-nair-and-balu-announce-their-new-project-together-deets-inside/articleshow/78033485.cms Vanambadi's Uma Nair and Balu announce their new project together; Deets inside]</ref> – Gouri's Husband
*Renjith Menon as Kalappurakkal Shivaprasad (Shivan) – Devan's elder brother
*Akarsh Prakash as Kalappurakkal Vishnuprasad (Vishnu)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-news/actress-uma-nair-shares-indhulekha-serial-location-stills-with-co-artists/articleshow/79400550.cms|title=കളപ്പുരക്കൽ സഹോദരങ്ങൾ അന്നും ഇന്നും; ചിത്രങ്ങൾ പങ്കിട്ട് ഉമാ നായർ|work=samayam|language=malayalam}}</ref> – Devan and Shivan's younger brother
*Della George as Valiya Maliyekkal Mahitha<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/television/kasthooriman-serial-fame-della-george-opens-up-about-her-serials-076102.html?story=2|title = ടൈമിംഗ് തെറ്റിയതോടെ നടിയുടെ അടി കവിളത്ത് കൊണ്ടു; അതൊരു ഒന്നൊന്നര അടിയായി പോയെന്ന് നടി ഡെല്ല ജോര്‍ജ്|date = 27 October 2021}}</ref> – Urmila's daughter. Was in love with Devan but as he denied her love she is all set to marry Shivan instead to create problems in the Kalappurakkal family.
*Julie Hendry as Karthika – Indu's sister
*Divya Menon / Sumi Santhosh as Kanimangalam Savithri Menon<ref>{{cite web|url= https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-gossips/indulekha-serial-cast-changed-kudumbavilakku-fame-ameya-joined-to-the-team/articleshow/79444600.cms|title= വേദിക ഇങ്ങെത്തി; പിന്മാറിയത് ദിവ്യ; നിരാശയിൽ പ്രേക്ഷകരും! |work=samayam|language=malayalam}}</ref> – Indu's mother and Menon's widowed wife.
*Manoj Nair as Valiya Maliyekkal Thrivikraman Unni<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/serials/malayalam-tv-serial-indulekha-actor-manoj-kumar-shared-his-role-in-new-serial/articleshow/78530113.cms|title= വർഷങ്ങൾക്ക് ശേഷം വില്ലനായി എത്തുന്നു; സന്തോഷത്തിൽ മനോജ് കുമാർ |work=samayam|language=malayalam}}</ref> – Urmila's brother
*Manju Satheesh as Valiya Maliyekkal Urmila – Thrivikraman's sister
*Shari Krishnan as Saira – Shivan's Wife
*Ameya Nair as Lathakumari IPS (Latha)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/television/indulekha-serial-update-kudumbavilakku-serial-fame-joined-with-the-core-cast-067214.html|title= കുടുംബവിളക്കിലെ ആ പഴയ വേദിക ഇനി പോലീസ് ഓഫീസർ, ആഘോഷമാക്കി ആരാധകർ |work=filmibeat|date= 27 November 2020 |language=malayalam}}</ref>
*Venki as DYSP Pradeep Kumar
*Maneesh Krishna as Valiya Maliyekkal Vijayan Unni<ref>{{cite web | url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/reality-shows/surya-jodi-re-schedule-on-this-week-actor-maneesh-krishnas-post/articleshow/78551233.cms | title=ഇന്ദുലേഖയിലേക്ക് മനീഷും! }}</ref>– Thrivikraman's son and Karthika's lover.
*Pavithran as Adv. Rajasekharan
*Mani Mayampilli as Thilakan<ref>{{cite web | url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/serials/indulekha-fame-malavika-reveals-about-the-serial/articleshow/84790371.cms?story=4 | title=ദേവേന്ദുവിനെ കാത്തിരിക്കുന്നവർക്ക് നിരാശ! ഇന്ദുലേഖ ഇനിയില്ല! തുറന്നുപറഞ്ഞ് മാളവിക! പരമ്പരയിൽ നിന്നും പഠിച്ച കാര്യം ഇതാണെന്നും നടി! }}</ref>
*Kottayam Pradeep as Madhavan – Urmila's husband
*Krishnathulasi Bayi as Revathi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/television/surya-tv-indulekha-serial-actress-krishna-thulasi-bhai-opens-up-about-family-and-acting/articlecontent-pf188700-072822.html|title = ഇന്ദുലേഖയിലെ രേവതി ഒരു സംഭവം തന്നെ, അഭിനയം മാത്രമല്ല കൃഷ്ണ തുളസീ ഭായിയുടെ കയ്യിലുള്ളത്|date = 23 June 2021}}</ref> – Thrivikraman's wife

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|- style="color:black"
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Language
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Title
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Original release
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Network(s)
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Last aired
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Notes
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Ref.
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| Iru Malargal இருமலர்கள்
| {{TBA}}
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| rowspan=2|Ongoing
| rowspan=2|Remake
| <ref>{{cite web| url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/tv/radha-and-moodu-mullu-two-new-serials-will-start-their-telecast-on-gemini-tv-from-september-30th-182182|title=ఇవాళ్టి నుంచి జెమినీ టీవీలో రెండు కొత్త సీరియళ్లు... పేర్లు, టెలికాస్ట్ టైమింగ్స్ తెలుసా?|website=telugu.abplive.com|date=30 September 2024 |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]]
| Indhulekha ඉන්දුලේඛා
| {{TBA}}
| [[Hiru TV|Hiru TV]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunnxt.com/suntv-malayalam-serial-swayamvarapanthal/detail/214482/0|title=Swayamvarapanthal - Sun NXT|publisher=Sun NXT}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Extended cameo===
*[[Renji Panicker]] as Kanimangalam Ramanatha Menon – Indulekha's late father

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|13546104}}
*[https://www.sunnxt.com/tv/detail/106161 Indulekha] on [[Sun NXT]]

[[Category:Malayalam-language television shows]]
[[Category:Sun Surya original programming]]
[[Category:2020s Indian television series]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television series endings]]

Keonjhar Lok Sabha constituency

2026-03-30T11:40:24Z

JessDudley8515: Created

{{Short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Odisha}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Kendujhar (ST) {{Small|OD-4}}
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Odisha/Keonjhar.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive map of Kendujhar Lok Sabha constituency
| state = [[Odisha]]
| established = 1957
| reservation = ST
| electors = 15,89,941{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
| incumbent_image = Ananta Nayak MP 2024.jpg
| mp = [[Ananta Nayak]]
| party = {{flagicon image|BJP flag.svg}}[[BJP]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
| assembly_cons = [[Telkoi Assembly constituency|Telkoi]] [[Ghasipura Assembly constituency|Ghasipura]] [[Anandapur Assembly constituency|Anandapur]] [[Patna Assembly constituency|Patna]] [[Keonjhar Assembly constituency|Keonjhar]] [[Champua Assembly constituency|Champua]] [[Karanjia Assembly constituency|Karanjia]]
}}

'''Kendujhar''' is a [[Lok Sabha]] parliamentary [[constituency]] in [[Odisha, India|Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf
|title=Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies of Orissa
|publisher=Election Commission of India
|access-date=2008-09-20
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304184320/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf
|archive-date=2009-03-04
}}</ref>

== Assembly Segments ==

The assembly constituencies which constitute this parliamentary constituency, after the delimitation of Parliamentary Constituencies and Legislative Assembly Constituencies of 2008, are:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.electionsinindia.com/odisha/keonjhar/electiondata.aspx|access-date=25 March 2014|title =17 - Keonjhar Parliamentary (Lok Sabha) Constituency
}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Leading
{{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|20
|[[Telkoi Assembly constituency|Telkoi]] (ST)
| rowspan="6" |[[Kendujhar district|Keonjhar]]
|[[Fakir Mohan Naik]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|21
|[[Ghasipura Assembly constituency|Ghasipura]]
|[[Badri Narayan Patra]]
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|22
|[[Anandapur Assembly constituency|Anandapur]] (SC)
|[[Abhimanyu Sethi]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|23
|[[Patna Assembly constituency|Patna]] (ST)
|[[Akhila Chandra Naik]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|24
|[[Keonjhar Assembly constituency|Keonjhar]] (ST)
|[[Mohan Charan Majhi]]
|-
|25
|[[Champua Assembly constituency|Champua]]
|[[Sanatan Mahakud]]
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|30
|[[Karanjia Assembly constituency|Karanjia]] (ST)
|[[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]]
|[[Padma Charan Haiburu]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Elected members ==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|45.67}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|44.74}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|32.26}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|30.75}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|43.66}}
{{bar percent|1999|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|67.47}}
{{bar percent|1998|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|54.09}}
{{bar percent|1996|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|45.82}}
{{bar percent|1991|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|44.07}}
{{bar percent|1989|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|60.86}}
{{bar percent|1984|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|57.68}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|68.36}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Bharatiya Lok Dal}}|60.42}}
{{bar percent|1971|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|43.47}}
}}

Since its formation in 1957, 17 elections have been held till date.

List of members elected from Keonjhar constituency are

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|rowspan=2| [[Laxmi Narayan Bhanja Deo]]
|{{party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|[[Gurucharan Naik]]
|{{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|[[Kumar Majhi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|Govinda Munda
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Lok Dal}}
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|rowspan=2| [[Harihar Soren]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|rowspan=2| [[Govind Chandra Munda]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[Madhab Sardar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|[[Upendra Nath Nayak]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|rowspan=2| [[Ananta Nayak]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC: Keonjhar 2009 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/lok-sabha-details/2009/orissa/keonjhar/7461/6/www.indiavotes.com/lok-sabha-details/2009/orissa/keonjhar/7461/6/15 |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|[[Yashbant Narayan Singh Laguri]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<ref name=":0" />
|[[Sakuntala Laguri]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<ref name="Keonjhar Lok Sabha Election Results 2019 Live: Keonjhar Constituency Election Results" />
|[[Chandrani Murmu]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Keonjhar (ST) lok sabha election results 2024: Keonjhar (ST) Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/odisha/keonjhar-st-constituency-result-18504 |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Ananta Nayak]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==

===2024===
Voting was held on 25th May 2024 in the 6th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4th June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Ananta Nayak]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Dhanurjay Sidu by a margin of 97,042 votes.<ref name=":2" />

{{Election box begin |
|title = [[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Kendujhar|Keonjhar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ananta Nayak]]
|votes = 5,73,923
|percentage = 45.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Dhanurjay Sidu
|votes = 4,76,881
|percentage = 37.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Binod Bihari Nayak
|votes = 1,04,944
|percentage = 8.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 24,763
|percentage = 1.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 97,042
|percentage = 7.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 12,58,771
|percentage = 79.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In the 2019 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Chandrani Murmu]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Ananta Nayak]] by a margin of 66,192 votes.<ref name="Keonjhar Lok Sabha Election Results 2019 Live: Keonjhar Constituency Election Results">{{Cite news |last1=News18 |date=2019 |title=Keonjhar Lok Sabha Election Results 2019 Live: Keonjhar Constituency Election Results |url=https://www.news18.com/lok-sabha-elections-2019/odisha/keonjhar-election-result-s18p04/ |accessdate=10 July 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710170738/https://www.news18.com/lok-sabha-elections-2019/odisha/keonjhar-election-result-s18p04/ |archivedate=10 July 2022}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|
|title = [[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Kendujhar|Keonjhar]]<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/1551-general-election-2019-including-vellore-pc/ |title=General Election 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Chandrani Murmu]]
|votes = 5,26,359
|percentage = 44.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ananta Nayak]]
|votes = 4,60,156
|percentage = 39.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Mohan Kumar Hembram
|votes = 1,28,716
|percentage = 10.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 19,207
|percentage = 1.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 66,203
|percentage = 5.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 11,76,479
|percentage = 77.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Sakuntala Laguri]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Ananta Nayak]] by a margin of 157,317 votes.<ref name=":0" />

{{Election box begin
|title = [[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Kendujhar|Keonjhar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Sakuntala Laguri]]
|votes = 4,34,471
|percentage = 40.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ananta Nayak]]
|votes = 2,77,154
|percentage = 25.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Madhaba Sardar
|votes = 1,90,531
|percentage = 17.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Basudeb Naik
|votes = 1,01,999
|percentage = 9.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 26,065
|percentage = 2.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,57,317
|percentage = 14.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,84,571
|percentage = 80.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Yashbant Narayan Singh Laguri]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Dhanurjaya Sidu by a margin of 126,484 votes.<ref name=":1" />

{{Election box begin
|title = [[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Kendujhar|Keonjhar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Yashbant Narayan Singh Laguri]]
|votes = 3,89,104
|percentage = 49.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Dhanurjaya Sidu
|votes = 2,62,620
|percentage = 29.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ananta Nayak]]
|votes = 1,64,023
|percentage = 18.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Fakir Mohan Naik
|votes = 32,356
|percentage = 3.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,26,484
|percentage = 14.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 8,91,746
|percentage = 70.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Election box end}}

== Notes ==
{{Noteslist}}
== See also ==

* [[Kendujhar]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Orissa}}
{{Coord |21.641388|85.612078|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keonjhar Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Odisha]]
[[Category:Kendujhar district]]
[[Category:Mayurbhanj district]]

Abdul Basith (cricketer)

2026-03-26T19:56:05Z

JessDudley8515: created a stub

{{short description|Indian cricketer (born 1998)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox cricketer
|name = Abdul Basith
|image =
|caption =
|fullname = Pappanayil Abdul Basith
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|10|9|df=yes}}
|birth_place = [[Ernakulam]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
|batting = Right-handed
|bowling = Right-arm [[off spin|off-break]]
|role = All-rounder

| club1 = [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]]
| year1 = 2022–
| club2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| year2 = 2023
| club3 = Trivandrum Royals
| year3 = 2024–
| date = 11 April 2025

| columns = 2
| column1 = [[List A cricket|List A]]
| matches1 = 20
| runs1 = 371
| bat avg1 = 26.50
| 100s/50s1 = 0/2
| top score1 = 90
| deliveries1 = 207
| wickets1 = 3
| bowl avg1 = 57.66
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 3/20
| catches/stumpings1 = 13/0
| column2 = [[Twenty20 cricket|T20]]
| matches2 = 23
| runs2 = 335
| bat avg2 = 30.45
| 100s/50s2 = 0/1
| top score2 = 54
| deliveries2 = 186
| wickets2 = 6
| bowl avg2 = 3850
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 2/42
| catches/stumpings2 = 13/0
| column3 =
| matches3 =
| runs3 =
| bat avg3 =
| 100s/50s3 =
| top score3 =
| deliveries3 =
| wickets3 =
| bowl avg3 =
| fivefor3 =
| tenfor3 =
| best bowling3 =
| catches/stumpings3 =
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/abdul-basith-1287067 ESPNcricinfo
}}

'''Abdul Basith''' (born 9 October 1998) is an Indian cricketer who plays for [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]] in domestic cricket and [[Rajasthan Royals]] in [[Indian Premier League]]. He is an [[all-rounder]] who bats right-handed and bowls [[off spin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/abdul-basith-1287067|title=Abdul Basith|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=5 April 2023}}</ref>

==Career==
He made his professional, and [[Twenty20 cricket|Twenty20]] debut for [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]], against [[Arunachal Pradesh cricket team|Arunachal Pradesh]], on 11 October 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/syed-mushtaq-ali-trophy-2022-23-1332915/arunachal-pradesh-vs-kerala-elite-group-c-1332929/full-scorecard|title=Abdul Basith makes his professional, and T20 debut|access-date=5 April 2023}}</ref> He made his [[List A cricket|List A]] debut for [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]] against [[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]], on November 12, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2022-23-1332914/haryana-vs-kerala-elite-group-c-1333065/full-scorecard|title=Abdul Basith makes his List A debut|access-date=5 April 2022}}</ref>

In February 2023, he was bought by [[Rajasthan Royals]] for the [[2023 Indian Premier League]] season for Rs. 20 Lakhs.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Basith, Abdul}}
[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rajasthan Royals cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Kerala cricketers]]

{{Kerala-stub}}
{{India-cricket-bio-stub}}

Śrāvaka

2026-03-26T10:08:14Z

JessDudley8515:

{{Short description|Sanskrit word for a disciple used in Buddhism and Jainism}}
{{Buddhist term
|title=Śrāvaka
|pi=sāvaka
|sa=श्रावक śrāvaka
|bo-Latn=nyan.thos
|zh=聲聞
|zh-Latn=shēngwén
|ja=声聞
|ja-Latn=shōmon
|km= សាវ័ក (Saveak)
|si= ශ්‍රාවක
|si-Latn=Shravaka
|th= สาวก (Sawok)
|my={{lang|my|သာဝက}}
|my-Latn=θàwəka̰
|vi=Thanh văn
|vi-Hani = 聲聞
}}
'''Śrāvaka''' ([[Sanskrit]]) or '''sāvaka''' ([[Pali]]) means "hearer" or, more generally, "disciple". This term is used in [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]]. In Jainism, a śrāvaka is any lay Jain so the term śrāvaka has been used for the [[Jain community]] itself (for example see [[Sarak]] and [[Sarawagi]]). Śrāvakācāras are the lay conduct outlined within the treaties by [[Śvetāmbara]] or [[Digambara]] mendicants. "In parallel to the prescriptive texts, Jain religious teachers have written a number of stories to illustrate vows in practice and produced a rich répertoire of characters."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Balbir |first1=Nalini |title=Article: Vows |url=http://www.jainpedia.org/themes/principles/jain-beliefs/vows/contentpage/2/index.html |website=www.jainpedia.org |access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref>

In Buddhism, the term is sometimes reserved for distinguished disciples of the Buddha.

== Buddhism ==

===Early Buddhism===
{{see also|The ten principal disciples}}
In [[Early Buddhist schools|early Buddhism]], a śrāvaka or śrāvikā is a disciple who accepts:
* the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]] as their teacher
* the Buddha's teaching (the [[Dharma]]), including understanding the [[Four Noble Truths]], ridding oneself of the [[three marks of existence|unreality of the phenomenal]], and pursuing [[Nirvana (concept)|nirvana]]. See, for instance, the ''[[Anguttara Nikaya]]''{{'}}s second ''Metta Sutta'' (AN 4.126){{sfn|Hecker|2003|p=}} when, taken in consideration of the first "Metta Sutta" (AN 4.125),{{sfn|Thanissaro|2006b}} a disciple is described as one who "regards whatever phenomena there that are connected with form, feeling, perception, fabrications, & consciousness, as inconstant, stressful, a disease, a cancer, an arrow, painful, an affliction, alien, a disintegration, an emptiness, not-self."
* the community rules of conduct: the [[Five Precepts]] for laypersons, the [[prātimokṣa]] for monastics.{{sfn|Hecker|2003|p=xvi}}
In the ''[[Nikāya]]'', depending on the context, a sāvaka can also refer to a disciple of a teacher other than the Buddha.{{sfn|Hecker|2012|p=xvii}}

=== Theravada Buddhism ===
{{peoplepalicanon}}
In Theravada Buddhism, a śrāvaka or śrāvikāt refers to one who followed in the tradition of the senior monks of the first Buddhist sangha and community. In the [[Pāli Canon]], the term "disciple" transcends monastic-lay divisions and can refer to anyone from the following "four assemblies":{{sfn|Hecker|2012|p=xvi-xvii}}
* [[bhikkhu]]s ("monks")
* [[bhikkhuni|{{IAST|bhikkuṇī}}]]s ("nuns")
* [[Upāsaka and Upāsikā|upāsakas and upāsikā]] (laypersons of both sexes)

[[Buddhist texts]] further mention four types of disciples based on spiritual accomplishment:<ref>Acharya (2002), pp. 100-101. (On-line, see the "Glossary" entry for ''āriya''.[http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/DBLM/resource/ebooks/102946/102946-glossary.htm#A].)</ref><ref>Webu & Bischoff (1995)</ref>{{sfn|Hecker|2012|pp=xxi-xxiii}}
* "Chief Disciple" (Pāli: ''aggasāvaka''; Sanskrit: ''agraśrāvaka''): in the Pali canon, these are [[Sariputta|Sāriputta]] and [[Maudgalyayana|(Mahā)moggallāna]]
* "Foremost Disciple" (Pāli: ''etadaggasāvaka''; Sanskrit: ''etadagraśrāvaka''): referring to those disciples who are recognized as the best in their respective attribute
* "Great Disciple" (Pāli: ''mahāsāvaka''; Sanskrit: ''mahāśrāvaka''): examples are [[Mahākāśyapa|Mahākassapa]], [[Ananda|Ānanda]], [[Anuruddha]] and Mahākaccāna.{{sfn|Hecker|2012|p=passim}}
* "Ordinary Disciple" (Pāli: ''pakatisāvaka''; Sanskrit: ''{{IAST|prakṛtiśrāvaka}}''): constituting the majority of disciples, while devoted to the Buddha and his teaching and while having planted seeds for future liberation, they have not yet irreversibly entered the path to emancipation and are still subject to infinite rebirths.{{sfn|Hecker|2012|p=xviii-xix}}

====Ariyasāvaka====
In the Pali commentaries, the term ''ariyasāvaka'' is explained as "the disciple of the Noble One (i.e. Buddha)".<ref>See the entry for "ariya" in Pali Text Society Pali-English dictionary, and Pali commentaries: Itivuttaka-Atthakatha 2.73, Ekanipata-Atthakatha 1.63, Patisambhidamagga-Atthakatha 1.167, Sammohavinodani-Atthakatha 119, Nettippakarana-Atthakatha Mya:112.</ref> Accordingly, [[Soma Thera]] and [[Thanissaro Bhikkhu]] translate this term as "The disciple of the Noble Ones"<ref>See the translation of Kalama sutta by Soma Thera [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.065.soma.html] and Thanissaro Bhikkhu [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.065.than.html]. In the Bhikkhu Bodhi's translation of the Kalama sutta the term "noble disciple" is used instead.</ref>

However Bhikkhu Bodhi interprets this term as "noble disciple", and according to him, in the Pali suttas, this term is used in two ways:{{sfn|Hecker|2012|p=379}}
# broadly: any lay disciple of the Buddha;
# narrowly: one who is at least on the path to [[Bodhi|enlightenment]] (Pāli: ''sotāpatti maggattha''). In this sense, "ordinary people" (''puthujjana'') can be contrasted with this narrow definition of "noble disciple" (''ariyasāvaka'').{{sfn|Hecker|2003|pp=xviii-xix}} [[Nyanatiloka]] writes, "sāvaka [...] refers, in a restricted sense (then mostly ariya-sāvaka, 'noble disciple'), only to the eight kinds of noble disciples (ariya-puggala, q.v.)."{{sfn|Nyanatiloka|2004|p=187}}

The canon occasionally references the "four pairs" and "eight types" of disciples.<ref>See, for instance, "The Crest of the Standard" discourse (SN 11.3) (Bodhi, 2000, p. 320) as well as Nyanatiloka (1952), entries for "ariya-puggala" ("noble ones") [http://www.budsas.org/ebud/bud-dict/dic3_a.htm] and "sāvaka" [http://www.budsas.org/ebud/bud-dict/dic3_s.htm].</ref> This refers to disciples who have achieved one of the [[four stages of enlightenment]]:
* [[Sotāpanna]]
* [[Sakadagami|Sakadāgāmi]]n
* [[Anāgāmi]]n
* [[Arhat|Arahat]]

In regards to disciples achieving arahantship, [[Bhikkhu Bodhi]] writes:
{{quote|In principle the entire practice of the Noble Eightfold Path is open to people from any mode of life, monastic or lay, and the Buddha confirms that many among his lay followers were accomplished in the Dhamma and had attained the first three of the four stages of awakening, up to nonreturning (''anāgāmi''; Theravāda commentators say that lay followers can also attain the fourth stage, arahantship, but they do so either on the verge of death or after attainment immediately seek the going forth [that is, homelessness, associated with becoming a monastic]).{{sfn|Bodhi Bhikkhu|2005|p=226}}}}
For each of these stages, there is a "pair" of possible disciples: one who is on the stage's path (Pāli: ''magga''); the other who has achieved its fruit (Pāli: ''phala''). Thus, each stage represents a "pair" of individuals: the path traveler (Pāli: ''maggattha'') and the fruit achiever (Pāli: ''phalattha''). Hence, the community of disciples is said to be composed of four pairs or eight types of individuals (Pāli: ''cattāri purisayugāni attha purisapuggalā'').{{sfn|Hecker|2012|pp=xix-xxi}}{{harv|Sivaraksa|1993}}

====Foremost disciples====
In the "Etadaggavagga" ("These are the Foremost Chapter," [[Anguttara Nikaya|AN]] 1.188-267), the Buddha identifies 80 different categories for his "foremost" (Pāli: ''etadagga'') disciples: 47 categories for monks, 13 for nuns, ten for laymen and ten for laywomen.<ref>The number of foremost disciple categories is evident from scanning Uppalavanna (n.d.-b)</ref>{{sfn|Hecker|2003|p=xxiii}}

While the disciples identified with these categories are declared to be the Buddha's "foremost" or "chief" (Pāli: ''etadagga''), this is different from his "Chief Disciples" (Pāli: ''aggasāvaka'') who are consistently identified solely as Sāriputta and Mahāmoggallāna.

{| style="margin:auto; border:3px solid #AF4630; text-align:center; vertical-align:center; font-size:90%" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|-
| style="color:blue; background:#FFFFCC" |  
| style="color:blue; background:#FFFFCC" colspan=4 | '''The Buddha's Foremost Disciples''' (''Based on [[Anguttara Nikaya|AN]] 1.14'')
|-
| style="color:blue; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''CATEGORY'''
| style="background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''[[Bhikkhu]]'''
| style="background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''[[Bhikkhuni]]'''
| style="background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''[[Upāsaka and Upāsikā|Upāsaka]]'''
| style="background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''[[Upāsaka and Upāsikā|Upāsikā]]'''
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Eldest'''
| [[Kaundinya|Kondañña]]
| [[Mahapajapati Gotami|Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]]
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Great Wisdom'''
| [[Sariputta|Sāriputta]]
| [[Khema|Khemā]]
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Psychic Powers'''
| [[Maudgalyayana|Mahāmoggallāna]]
| [[Uppalavanna|Uppalavaṇṇā]]
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Asceticism'''
| [[Mahākāśyapa|Mahākassapa]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Divine Eye'''
| [[Anuruddha]]
| [[Sakulā]]
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''High Clan'''
| [[Bhaddiya Kāḷigodhāyaputta]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Sweet Voice'''
| [[Bhaddiya the Dwarf]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Lion's Roar'''
| [[Pindola Bharadvaja|Piṇḍolabhāradvāja]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Dhamma Speaker'''
| [[Punna|Puṇṇa Mantāṇiputta]]
| [[Sakulā]]
| [[Citta (disciple)|Citta]]
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Expounder'''
| [[Katyayana (Buddhist)|Mahākaccāyana]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Mind-made Body'''
| [[Cullapanthaka]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Wholesome-Mind Development'''
| [[Cullapanthaka]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Wholesome-Perception Development'''
| [[Mahāpanthaka]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Free of Conflict'''
| [[Subhuti|Subhūti]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Worthy of Offerings '''
| [[Subhuti|Subhūti]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Forest-Dweller'''
|[[Revata (arahant)|Revata]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Meditator'''
| [[Kankhārevata]]
| [[Nanda (Buddhist nun)|Sundarinandā]]
| —
| [[Uttarānandamātā]]
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Energetic'''
| [[Soṇa Koḷivisa]]
| [[Soṇā]]
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Beautiful Conversationalist'''
| [[Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Receiver of Gifts'''
| [[Sīvali]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Inclined to Confidence'''
| [[Vakkali]]
| [[Singālamātā]]
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Liking the Training'''
| [[Rāhula]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Confidence in Going-Forth'''
| [[Raṭṭhapāla]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''First in Food Tickets'''
| [[Kuṇḍadhāna]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Extemporiser'''
| [[Vaṅgīsa]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Altogether Pleasing'''
| [[Vaṅgantaputta]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Assigner of Living Quarters'''
| [[Dabba Mallaputta]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Dear and Pleasing to Gods'''
| [[Pilindavaccha]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Speed in Knowledge'''
| [[Bāhiya Dārucīriya]]
| [[Bhadda Kundalakesa|Bhaddā Kuṇḍalakesā]]
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Beautiful Speaker'''
| [[Kumārakassapa]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Analytic Knowledge'''
| [[Mahākoṭṭhita]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Great Deep Knowledge'''
| —
| [[Yaśodharā|Bhaddakaccānā]]
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Learned'''
| [[Ānanda]]
| [[Khujjuttarā]]
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Mindful'''
| [[Ānanda]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Good Behavior'''
| [[Ānanda]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Courage'''
| [[Ānanda]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Attendant'''
| [[Ānanda]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Large Retinue'''
| [[Uruvelā Kassapa]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Pleasing to Families'''
| [[Kāḷudāyī]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Health'''
| [[Bakkula]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Recalling Past Lives'''
| [[Sobhita]]
| [[Bhadda Kapilani|Bhaddā Kapilānī]]
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Discipline'''
| [[Upali|Upāli]]
| [[Patacara|Paṭācārā]]
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Instructor of Monks'''
| [[Mahākappina]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Instructor of Nuns'''
| [[Nandaka (disciple)|Nandaka]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Sense-Door Restraint'''
| [[Nanda (half-brother of Buddha)|Nanda]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Skilled in the Fire Element'''
| [[Sāgata]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Extemporising'''
| [[Rādha]]
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Wearing Coarse Robes'''
| [[Mogharāja]]
| [[Kisa Gotami|Kisā Gotamī]]
| —
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''First to Take [[Refuge (Buddhism)|Refuge]]'''
| —
| —
| [[Trapusa and Bahalika|Tapusa and Bhalika]]
| [[Sujata (milkmaid)|Sujātā]]
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Supporter'''
| —
| —
| [[Anathapindika|Anāthapiṇḍaka]]
| [[Visakha|Visākhā]]
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Four Bases of Sympathy'''
| —
| —
| [[Hatthaka of Alavi|Hattha Āḷavaka]]
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Loving-Kindness'''
| —
| —
| —
| [[Samavati|Sāmāvatī]]
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Excellent Alms Donor'''
| —
| —
| [[Mahānāma]]
| [[Suppavāsā]]
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" |'''Attending with Medicinal Drink'''
| —
| —
| —
| [[Suppiyā]]
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Pleasant Supporter'''
| —
| —
| [[Ugga]]
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Community Attendant'''
| —
| —
| [[Uggata]]
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Unwavering Faith'''
| —
| —
| [[Sura Ambaṭṭha]]
| [[Katiyānī]]
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Individual with Faith'''
| —
| —
| [[Jīvaka|Jīvaka Komārabhacca]]
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Confidence in the Traditions'''
| —
| —
| —
| [[Kāḷī]]
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#FFFFCC; border-bottom:1px solid black" | '''Trustworthy'''
| —
| —
| [[Nakulapitu]]
| [[Nakulamātā]]
|}

In addition, in SN 17.23,<ref>Bodhi (2000), p. 688.</ref> SN 17.24<ref>Bodhi (2000), p. 689.</ref> and AN 4.18.6,<ref>Uppalavanna (n.d.-a).</ref> the Buddha identifies four pairs of disciples "who have no compare" and who should thus be emulated. These four pairs are a subset of the 80 foremost disciples listed above, identified in the sub-section 14 of AN 1 (i.e. AN 1.188-267). These four pairs of disciples to be most emulated are:

* monks: Sāriputta and Mahāmoggallāna
* nuns: Khemā and Uppalavaṇṇā
* laymen: [[Citta (disciple)|Citta]] and [[Hatthaka of Alavi]]<ref>According to AN 1.251, Hatthaka of Āḷavī is foremost "to establish liberality, kind speech, leading a useful life and a state of equality among the others".</ref>
* laywomen: Kujjuttara and [[Velukandakiya|Veḷukaṇḍakiyā]]<ref>(Bodhi, 2000, p. 812, ''n''. 329;).</ref>

=== The community of disciples ===
In Buddhism, there are two main communities (Pāli: ''[[Sangha (Buddhism)|sangha]]''):
* The "community of monks and nuns" (Pāli: ''[[bhikkhu]]-sangha''; ''[[bhikkhuni]]-sangha'') refers to a community of four or more monks or nuns who are living in a permanent or semi-permanent single-sex community (in the contemporary West monks and nuns may live within the same monastery but in separate living quarters). Within this community of monks and nuns there is a further sub-division containing practitioners (who are nonetheless still living among their fellow renunciates) possessed of some substantive level of realization (namely, those who have at least gained [[Four stages of enlightenment|stream-entry]]). This core group is called the "noble sangha" (''ariya-sangha'').
* The "community of disciples" (Pāli: ''sāvaka-sangha'') refers to the broad community of [[bhikkhu|monks]], [[bhikkhuni|nuns]], and [[upasaka|male]] and [[upasika|female layfollowers]].

For an example of a traditional stock reference to the ''sāvaka-sangha'' in the Pali canon, in "The Crest of the Standard" discourse ([[Samyutta Nikaya|SN]] 11.3), the Buddha advises his monks that, if they experience fear, they can [[Anussati|recollect]] the Buddha or the Dhamma or the Sangha; and, in recollecting the Sangha they should recall:
: "The Sangha of the Blessed One's disciples [''sāvaka-sangha''] is practising the good way, practising the straight way, practising the true way, practising the proper way; that is, the four pairs of persons, the eight types of individuals...."<ref>Bodhi (2000), p. 320.</ref>

A similar phrase can also be found in the lay disciple's daily [[Buddhist chant|chant]], "Sangha Vandanā" ("Salutation to the Sangha").<ref>Indaratana (2002), pp. 7-8.</ref>

=== Mahāyāna view ===
In [[Mahayana|Mahayana Buddhism]], śrāvakas or [[arhat]]s are sometimes contrasted negatively with [[bodhisattva]]s.{{sfn|Hecker|2003|p=xvii}} <ref>Robert E. Buswell Jr., Donald S. Lopez Jr., The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism (Princeton University Press), 2014, p. 850.</ref>

In the 4th century [[abhidharma]] work ''Abhidharmasamuccaya'', [[Asanga|Asaṅga]] describes those who follow the [[Śrāvakayāna]]. These people are described as having weak faculties, following the Śrāvaka Dharma, utilizing the Śrāvaka Piṭaka, being set on their own liberation, and cultivating detachment in order to attain liberation.<ref>Boin-Webb, Sara (tr). Rahula, Walpola (tr). Asanga. ''Abhidharma Samuccaya: The Compendium of Higher Teaching.'' 2001. p. 199</ref> Those in the [[Pratyekabuddhayāna]] are portrayed as also utilizing the Śrāvaka Piṭaka, are said to have medium faculties, to follow the Pratyekabuddha Dharma, and to be set on their own personal enlightenment.<ref>Boin-Webb, Sara (tr). Rahula, Walpola (tr). Asanga. ''Abhidharma Samuccaya: The Compendium of Higher Teaching.'' 2001. pp. 199-200</ref> Finally, those in the Mahāyāna "Great Vehicle" are portrayed as utilizing the [[Bodhisattva]] Piṭaka, as having sharp faculties, following the Bodhisattva Dharma, and set on the perfection and liberation of all beings, and the attainment of complete enlightenment.<ref>Boin-Webb, Sara (tr). Rahula, Walpola (tr). Asanga. ''Abhidharma Samuccaya: The Compendium of Higher Teaching.'' 2001. p. 200</ref>

According to Vasubandhu's [[Yogacara]] teachings, there are four types of śrāvakas:<ref>P. 396 ''Pruning the Bodhi Tree: The Storm Over Critical Buddhism'' edited by Jamie Hubbard, Paul Loren Swanson</ref>
# The fixed
# The arrogant
# The transformed
# The converted (to "Bodhi" or Buddhism)

The transformed and the converted (Buddhist) are assured of eventual Nirvana in the ''[[Lotus Sutra]]''.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}

According to [[Je Tsongkhapa]], founder of the [[Gelug]] school of [[Tibetan Buddhism]]:
{{quote|[[Ten Stages Sutra|The Sutra on the Ten Levels]] (''Daśabhūmika Sūtra'') says that those who have cultivated these ten [virtuous practices, i.e. not killing, not stealing, not lying etc.] through fear of cyclic existence and without [great] compassion, but following the words of others, will achieve the fruit of a Śrāvaka.|''Lamrim Chenmo''<ref>From ''The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment'' (Lam-Rim Chenmo), Pg.239, Volume One. Snow Lion Publications. Ithaca, NY.</ref>}}

== Jainism ==
{{Main|Śrāvaka (Jainism)}}
A śrāvaka in [[Jainism]] is a lay Jain. He is the hearer of discourses of [[Jain monasticism|monastics]] and scholars, [[Jain literature]]. In Jainism, the [[Jain community]] is made up of four sections: monks, nuns, śrāvakas (laymen) and śrāvikās (laywomen).

The term śrāvaka has also been used as a shorthand for the community itself. For example, the [[Sarawagi]] are a Jain community originating in Rajasthan, and sometimes śrāvaka is the origin of surnames for Jain families. The long-isolated Jain community in [[East India]] is known as the [[Sarak]].

The conduct of a śrāvaka is governed by texts called ''śrāvakācāra''s,<ref>Shravakachar Sangrah, Five Volumes, [[Hiralal Jain]] Shastri, Jain Sanskruti Samrakshak Sangh Solapur, 1988</ref><ref>Jaina yoga: a survey of the mediaeval śrāvakācāras By R. Williams</ref> the best known of which is the ''[[Ratnakaranda śrāvakācāra]]'' of Samantabhadra.

A śrāvaka rises spiritually through the eleven [[Pratima (Jainism)|pratimas]]. After the eleventh step, he becomes a monk.

Jains follow six obligatory duties known as avashyakas: ''[[samayika]]'' (practising serenity), chaturvimshati (praising the tirthankara), vandan (respecting teachers and monks), ''[[pratikramana]]'' (introspection), ''[[kayotsarga]]'' (stillness), and pratyakhyana (renunciation).{{sfn|Jaini|1998|pp=190}}

==See also==
*[[Sāvakabuddha]]
*[[Śrāvakayāna]]
*[[Arhat]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Acharya, Kala (2002). ''{{IAST|Buddhānusmṛti}}: A Glossary of Buddhist Terms''. Mumbai, New Delhi:Somaiya Publications. {{ISBN|81-7039-246-2}}. Available on-line at: http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/DBLM/resource/ebooks/102946/102946.htm.
* {{cite book|author=Bhikkhu Bodhi|author-link=Bhikkhu Bodhi|title=In the Buddha's Words: An Anthology of Discourses from the Pali Canon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=11X1h60Qc0IC|date=2005|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=978-0-86171-491-9}}
* {{cite book|author=Bhikkhu Bodhi|author-link=Bhikkhu Bodhi|title=The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MEA6AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA11|year=2005b|publisher=Wisdom Publications|isbn=978-0-86171-973-0}}
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (ed.) (2005). ''In the Buddha's Words: An Anthology of Discourses from the Pāli Canon''.Boston: Wisdom Pubs. {{ISBN|0-86171-491-1}}.
* {{cite book|author1=Buddhaghosa|author-link1=Buddhaghosa|author2=Ñāṇamoli|author-link2=Nanamoli Bhikkhu|title=The Path of Purification: Visuddhimagga|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/nanamoli/PathofPurification2011.pdf|year=2011|publisher=Shambhala Publications : distributed in the United States by Random House|isbn=978-0-87773-079-8}}
*Hecker (2003) NO CITATION
* Indaratana Maha Thera, Elgiriye (2002). ''Vandana: The Album of Pali Devotional Chanting and Hymns''. Penang, Malaysia:Mahindarama Dhamma Publication. Available on-line at: http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/vandana02.pdf.
* {{cite book|author1=Nyanaponika|author-link1=Nyanaponika Thera|last2=Hecker|first2=Hellmuth|title=Great Disciples of the Buddha: Their Lives, Their Works, Their Legacy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jTo6AwAAQBAJ|year=2012|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=978-0-86171-864-1}}
* {{cite book|author=Nyanatiloka|author-link=Nyanatiloka|title=Buddhist Dictionary: Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ztIxd_OGs3YC|date=2004|publisher=Buddhist Publication Society|isbn=978-955-24-0019-3}}
* [[Pali Text Society]] (PTS) (1921–1925). ''The Pali Text Society's Pali-English dictionary''. London: Chipstead. Available on-line at: http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/.
* Prayudh Payutto (1986). ''Sangha: The Ideal World Community''. ''in'' {{cite book|last=Sivaraksa|first=Sulak|author-link=Sulak Sivaraksa|title=Buddhist Perception for Desirable Societies in the Future: Papers Prepared for the United Nations University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x5MXAAAAIAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Thai Inter-Religious Commission for Development, Sathirakoses-Nagapradipa Foundation}}
* [[Thanissaro Bhikkhu]] (trans., 2006a). ''Metta Sutta: Good Will (1)'' (AN 4.125). Available on-line at: http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an04/an04.125.than.html.
* Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans., 2006b). ''Metta Sutta: Good Will (2)'' (AN 4.126). Available on-line at: http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an04/an04.126.than.html.
* Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans., 1997). ''Sabbasava Sutta: All the Fermentations'' ([[Majjhima Nikaya|MN]] 2). Available on-line at: http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.002.than.html.
* Uppalavanna, Sister (trans.) (n.d.-a). ''Aayācanāsuttam: Wishing'' (AN 4.18.6). Retrieved from "MettaNet" at http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/4Anguttara-Nikaya/Anguttara2/4-catukkanipata/018-sacetaniyavaggo-e.html.
* Uppalavanna, Sister (trans.) (n.d.-b). ''Etadaggavagga: These are the foremost'' (AN 1.14). Retrieved from "MettaNet" at http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/4Anguttara-Nikaya/Anguttara1/1-ekanipata/014-Etadaggapali-e.html. A Romanized Pali version of this chapter is available from this same site at http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/4Anguttara-Nikaya/Anguttara1/1-ekanipata/014-Etadaggapali-p.html.
* Webu Sayadaw & Roger Bischoff (trans.) (1995). "A Happiness that Ever Grows" in ''The Essential Practice (Part II)''. Available on-line at: http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/webu/wheel384.html#happy.

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Śrāvaka}}
*[http://www.acmuller.net/cgi-bin/search-ddb4.pl?Terms=聲聞 Digital Dictionary of Buddhism] (log in with userID "guest")

{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Jainism topics}}

[[Category:Disciples of Gautama Buddha| ]]
[[Category:Buddhist titles]]
[[Category:Jain communities| ]]

Lok Bhavan, Gandhinagar

2026-03-22T02:24:33Z

JessDudley8515: added details...

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}{{Short description|Residence of the Governor of Gujarat}}
{{Refimprove|date=May 2012}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Lok Bhavan
| image =
| caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|23.223580|72.675231|display=inline,title}}
| construction_start_date =
| completion_date =
| number_of_rooms =
| current_tenants = [[Acharya Devvrat]]
| elevator_count =
| cost =
| floor_area =
| architect =
| engineer =
| main_contractor =
| developer =
| owner = [[Government of Gujarat]]
| operator =
| references = [http://rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/ Official Website]
}}

''' Lok Bhavan''' formerly '''Raj Bhavan''' ([[translation]]: ''Government House'') is the [[official residence]] of the [[governor of Gujarat]]. It is located in the capital city of [[Gandhinagar]], [[Gujarat]]. The present governor of Gujarat is Shri [[Acharya Dev Vrat]].

Yatkinchit is the in-house magazine of Raj Bhavan.

==See also==
* [[Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth#British Indian Empire| Government Houses of the British Indian Empire]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/ The official web site of Governor of Gujarat]

{{Raj Bhavan}}

[[Category:Governors' houses in India]]
[[Category:Government of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Gandhinagar]]

{{India-gov-stub}}
{{India-struct-stub}}

Bigg Boss Bangla season 2

2026-03-21T07:21:54Z

JessDudley8515:

{{short description|Second season of Bigg Boss Bangla}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Lead too short|date=July 2020}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2020}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 2
| bgcolor = #cbc
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]]
| num_days = 98
| num_housemates = 15
| winner = Joyjit Banerjee
| runner_up = Priya Paul
}}
| num_episodes =
| network = [[Colors Bangla]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|04|04}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2016|07|15}}
| next_season = [[Bigg Boss (benglaTV series) season 3|Season 3]]
| episode_list =
}}
'''''Bigg Boss Bangla 2''''' is the second season of the [[Bigg Boss Bangla|Bengali version]] of the Indian reality show ''[[Bigg Boss]]''.<ref name=afaqs>[http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/37795_Bigg-Boss-sets-out-to-capture-Bengali-nights Bigg Boss sets out to capture Bengali nights]</ref> It premiered on [[Colors Bangla]] on 4 April 2016. [[Jeetendra Madnani|Jeet]] was the host for the season. The Grand Finale aired on 15 July 2016 where Joyjit Banerjee emerged as the winner and Priya Paul emerged as the runner-up.

==Housemates Status==

{| class="wikitable sortable" style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
|-
!Sr.
!Housemate
!Day Entered
!Day Exited
!Status
|-
|1
| Joyjit
| Day 1
| Day 98
|{{won|Winner}}
|-
|2
|Priya
|Day 1
|Day 98
|{{Runner-up|1st Runner-up}}
|-
|3
|Rii
|Day 1
|{{Nowrap|Day 98}}
|style="background:#7FFFD4" |{{nowrap| 2nd Runner-up}}
|-
|4
|Shilajit
|Day 1
|Day 98
|style="background:#DDA0DD" |3rd Runner-up
|-
|5
|Apurba
|Day 1
|Day 95
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |6
| rowspan="2" |Sandy
|Day 1
|Day 14
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|Day 35
|Day 90
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|7
|Priti
|Day 1
|Day 77
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |8
| rowspan="2" |Komolika
|Day 1
|Day 28
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|Day 56
|Say 70
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|9
|Mekhail
|Day 1
|Day 62
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|10
|Debolina
|Day 35
|Day 56
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|11
|Joey
|Day 28
|Day 46
|{{Removed|Ejected}}
|-
|12
|Aditi
|Day 1
|Day 42
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|13
|Ena
|Day 3
|Day 35
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|14
|Mainak
|Day 1
|Day 21
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|-
|15
|Srabanti
|Day 1
|Day 7
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|}

==Housemates ==
The list of contestants in the order of entering the house:

===Original entrants===
* [[Shilajit Majumder]] – Singer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.watchbiggboss.com/2016/04/bigg-boss-bangla-season-2-contestants.html|title=Bigg Boss Bangla 2 contestants|date=10 April 2016}}</ref>
* [[Mekhail Bora]] – Chef (Brother of [[Sheena Bora]]).
* [[Apurbo Roy]] – Comedian.
* [[Joyjit Banerjee]] – Television actor.
* [[Mainak Banerjee]] – Actor.
* [[Kamalika Banerjee]] – Actress.
* [[Rituparna Sen (Rii)]] – Actress.
* [[Priya Paul]] – Actress.
* [[Srabanti Banerjee]] – Actress.
* [[Aditi Chakraborty]] – Choreographer.
* [[Prity Biswas]] – Television actress.
* [[Sandip Rong (Sandy)]] – Choreographer.

===Wild card entrants===
*Debolina dutta - Actress
*Ena Saha - Actress
*Joey Debroy - Television Actor

===Guest Entrant===
* [[Puja Banerjee]] – Television actress.
*
*
*
*
*
*

==Nominations table==
<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; font-size:85%; line-height:15px;"
|-
! style="width: 5%;" |
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 1
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 2
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 3
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 4
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 5
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 6
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 7
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 8
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 9
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 10
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 11
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 12
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 13
! colspan="3" style="width: 5%;" | Week 14
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| '''House Captain'''
| '''Shilajit'''
| '''Mekhail'''
| '''Aditi'''
| '''Rituparna'''
| '''Apurba'''
| '''Joey'''
| '''Priya'''
| colspan="2" | '''Sandy'''
| colspan="2" | '''Joyjit'''
| colspan="2" | '''Apurba'''
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |''No Captain''
|-
! Captain's Nomination
| Aviral
| Sandy
| Priya
| Mekhail
| Rituparna
| Priya
| Mekhail
| Priti
| Mekhail
| Apurba
| Sandy
| Sandy
| Priya
|-
| colspan="17" bgcolor="black" |
|-
! Vote to:
! colspan="7" |Evict
! Save
! colspan="8" | Evict
|-
| colspan="17" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! Joyjit
| Mainak Srabanti
| Aviral Priya
| style="background:#959FFD;" |Rituparna Priti
| Komolika Aditi
| Priya Priti
| Apurba Aditi
| Rituparna Sandy
| Mekhail Apurba
| Rituparna Priya
| colspan="2" style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| Priya Sandy
| Rituparna Sandy
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="2" style="background:#73FB76;" |'''''Winner''''' (Day 98)
|-
! Priya
| Mainak Srabanti
| Aditi Priti
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Apurba Priti
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Apurba Priti
| Shilajit Ena
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Aditi Shilajit
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| Rituparna Mekhail
| Apurba Rituparna
| Rituparna Komolika
| Rituparna Apurba
| Joyjit Rituparna
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Joyjit Shiljit
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="2" style="background:#D1E8EF;" |'''''1st runner-up''''' (Day 98)
|-
! Shilajit
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| Komolika Aviral
| style="background:#959FFD;" |Rituparna Komolika
| Komolika Priti
| Priya Priti
| Priti Priya
| Sandy Rituparna
| Mekhail Apurba
| style="background:#87CEFA; " |''Secret Room''
| Sandy Priti
| Apurba Rituparna
| Sandy Rituparna
| Rituparna Priya
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="2" style="background:#7FFFD4;" |'''''2nd runner-up''''' (Day 98)
|-
! Rituparna
| Joyjit Apurba
| Aviral Priya
| Priti Apurba
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |Shilajit Ena
| Apurba Joyjit
| Joyjit Joey
| Priya Priti
| Priya Priti
| Sandy Priti
| Priya Priti
| Sandy Priya
| Joyjit Sandy
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="2" style="background:#DDA0DD;" |'''''3rd Runner-up''''' (Day 98)
|-
! Apurba
| Rituparna Priti
| Priya Priti
| Rituparna Priti
| Priti Komolika
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| Aditi Shilajit
| Priti Joey
| Mekhail Rituparna
| Priti Joyjit
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Rituparna Komolika
| Shilajit Priti
| colspan="2" style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="2" style="background:salmon;" |''Evicted'' (Day 95)
|-
! Sandy
| Mainak Rituparna
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Shilajit Aviral
| colspan="3" style="background:salmon;" |''Evicted'' (Day 14)
| style="background:#FBF373; text-align:center" | Mekhail Shilajit
| Joyjit Mekhail
| colspan="2" style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| Rituparna Komolika
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Rituparna Priti
| style="background:#FBF373; text-align:center" | Joyjit Rituparna
| Joyjit Rituparna
| colspan="3" style="background:salmon;" |''Evicted'' (Day 91)
|-
! Priti
| Srabanti Priya
| Aviral Priya
| Komolika Rituparna
| Apurba Ena
| Shilajit Ena
| Aditi Shilajit
| Joyjit Apurba
| Priya Rituparna
| Apurba Joyjit
| Rituparna Komolika
| Rituparna Apruba
| colspan="5" style="background:salmon;" |''Evicted'' (Day 77)
|-
! Komolika
| Priya Joyjit
| Shilajit Aviral
| Priti Apurba
| Joyjit Apurba
| colspan="4" style="background:salmon;" |''Evicted'' (Day 28)
| Apurba Priti
| Priti Sandy
| colspan="6" style="background:salmon;" |''Evicted'' (Day 70)
|-
! Mekhail
| Apurba Sandy
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Rituparna Komolika
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Komolika Aditi
| Priya Priti
| Apurba Shilajit
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Priti Sandy
| Shilajit Apurba
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Priti Priya
| colspan="7" style="background:salmon;" |''Evicted'' (Day 62)
|-
! Debolina
| colspan="5" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Not In House''
| style="background:#FBF373; text-align:center" | Apurba Shilajit
| Rituparna Sandy
| Mekhail Shilajit
| colspan="8" style="background:salmon;" |''Evicted'' (Day 56)
|-
! Joey
| colspan="4" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Not In House''
| style="background:#FBF373; text-align:center" | Ena Aditi
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| Rituparna Apurba
| colspan="9" style="background:#FFE08B" |''Ejected'' (Day 46)
|-
! Aditi
| Mainak Joyjit
| Priya Shilajit
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| Ena Joyjit
| Ena Shilajit
| Joyjit Apurba
| colspan="10" style="background:salmon;" |''Evicted'' (Day 42)
|-
! Ena
| colspan="1" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Not In House''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Aviral Priya
| Komolika Rituparna
| Priti Aditi
| Priti Priya
| colspan="11" style="background:salmon;" |''Evicted'' (Day 35)
|-
! Mainak
| Aditi Sandy
| Aviral Priya
| style="background:#959FFD;" |Apurba Priti
| colspan="13" style="background:salmon;" |''Evicted'' (Day 21)
|-
! Aviral
| style="background:#959FFD;" |Joyjit Rituparna
| Priya Mainak
| colspan="14" style="background:#fcf;" |''Walked'' (Day 11)
|-
! Srabanti
| Mikhail Apurba
| colspan="15" style="background:salmon;" |''Evicted'' (Day 7)
|-
| colspan="17" bgcolor="black" |
|-
! Notes
| ''none''
| ''[[#endnote 1|1]]''
| colspan="14" |
|- style="background:#B2FFFF"
!Against Public Vote
|Apurba Aviral Joyjit Mainak Rituparna Srabanti
|<s>Aviral</s> Ena Priya Sandy Shilajit
|Joyjit Mainak Mekhail Priya Priti Rituparna Shilajit
|Aditi Apurba Komolika Mekhail Priti Priya
|Ena Priti Priya Rituparna Shilajit
|Aditi Apurba Joyjit Priya Shilajit
|Apurba Joey Joyjit Mekhail Priti Rituparna Sandy
|Debolina Joyjit <s>Priti</s> Priya Shilajit
|Apurba Mikhail Priti Priya
|Komolika Priti Rituparna Sandy
|Apurba Priti Rituparna Shilajit
|<s>Joyjit Priya Rituparna <s>Sandy</s> Shilajit</s>
|Joyjit Priya Rituparna Sandy
|Apurba Joyjit Priya Rituparna Shilajit
| colspan="2" |Joyjit Priya Rituparna Shilajit
|-
! {{nowrap|Re-entered}}
| colspan="5" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''None''
| style="background:#DAFF99;" |'''Sandy'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''None''
| style="background:#DAFF99;" |'''Komolika'''
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''None''
|-
! {{nowrap|Secret Room}}
| colspan="8" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''None''
| style="background:#87CEFA; "|'''Shilajit'''
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''None''
|-
! Walked
| colspan="1" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''None''
| style="background:#fcf; text-align:center;" |'''Aviral'''
| colspan="14" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''None''
|-
! Ejected
| colspan="6" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''None''
| style="background:#FFE08B" |'''Joey'''
| colspan="9" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''None''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Evicted
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072; text-align:center;" |'''Srabanti'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072; text-align:center;" |'''Sandy'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072; text-align:center;" |'''Mainak'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072; text-align:center;" |'''Komolika'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072; text-align:center;" |'''Ena'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072; text-align:center;" |'''Aditi'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5; text-align:center;" |''No Evictiom''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072; text-align:center;" |'''Debolina'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072; text-align:center;" |'''Mekhail'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072; text-align:center;" |'''Komolika'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072; text-align:center;" |'''Priti'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5; text-align:center;" |''No Eviction''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072; text-align:center;" |'''Sandy'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072; text-align:center;" |'''Apurba'''
| style="background:#DDA0DD" |'''Rituparna'''
| style="background:#7FFFD4" |'''Shilajit'''
|-
| style="background:#D1E8EF" |'''Priya'''
| style="background:#73FB76" |'''Joyjit'''
|}
</blockquote>
{{smalldiv|1=
: {{color box|#959FFD|border=silver}} indicates that the Housemate was directly nominated for eviction.
: {{color box|#FBF373|border=silver}} indicates that the Housemate was immune prior to nominations.
: {{color box|salmon|border=silver}} indicates the contestant has been evicted.
: {{color box|#fcf|border=silver}} indicates the contestant walked out due to emergency.
: {{color box|#FFE08B|border=silver}} indicates the contestant has been ejected.
: {{color box|#CCFFCC|border=silver}} indicates the house captain.
}}

===Nomination notes===
*{{note|1|Note 1}}: Ena was nominated by Bigg Boss after failing the secret task given to her when she entered on Day 3 as the first wild card entrant.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bigg Boss Bangla 1}}
[[Category:2016 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Colors Bangla original programming]]
[[Category:Bigg Boss Bangla]]

Sina Hotel

2026-03-17T03:02:54Z

JessDudley8515: creating entry

{{short description|Abandoned five-star hotel in Goa, India}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Sina Hotel
| image = Sina Hotel (Ghost Hotel Agonda).jpg
| caption = Within the premises of the hotel, 2015
| alternate_names = {{ubl|
* Ghost Hotel
* Devil's Hotel}}
| status = Abandoned, [[dilapidated]]
| building_type = [[Five-star hotel]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|15|1|48.62|N|73|59|41.18|E|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Agonda]], Goa, India
| construction_stop_date = Early 1990s
}}

The '''Sina Hotel''', popularly referred to as the '''Ghost Hotel''', is an abandoned hotel complex situated in [[Agonda]], in the Indian coastal state of [[Goa]]. Originally envisioned and initiated by a group of Russians, the construction of the hotel encountered numerous legal challenges, preventing its successful completion. As a result, the hotel gradually deteriorated over time, remaining in a state of [[Abandonment (legal)|abandonment]].

The hotel, originally intended to be a [[five star hotel|five-star establishment]] within its area, encountered a setback during its construction phase in the early 1990s.<ref name=":0" /> The project came to an abrupt halt due to financial constraints experienced by the owners, resulting in an incomplete structure. The hotel's development was further marred by an incident involving the murder of one of its owners.<ref name=":1" />

==Description==
The Sina Hotel is situated at the southernmost stretch of [[Agonda Beach]] in [[South Goa]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Warning! Don't visit these 7 Haunted places in Goa |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/ampstories/lifestyle/warning-dont-visit-these-7-haunted-places-in-goa |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026071428/https://www.freepressjournal.in/ampstories/lifestyle/warning-dont-visit-these-7-haunted-places-in-goa |url-status=live }}</ref> Accessible via either a forest path or the main road, the hotel is surrounded by a lush canopy of trees.<ref name=":3" /> Sunil M1 of ''[[Vijaya Karnataka]]'', observed that the hotel's serene ambiance evokes a sense of tranquility and satisfaction. Consequently, the hotel has come to be informally known as the "Devil's Hotel."<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=ಬೀಚ್ ಬಳಿ ವೈಭವದಲ್ಲಿ ಮೆರೆಯಬೇಕಾಗಿದ್ದ ಈ ಹೊಟೇಲ್ ಈಗ ಭೂತ ಬಂಗಲೆಯಾಗಿದೆ! |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/viral-adda/unsolved-mysteries/haunted-stories-about-the-ghost-hotel-or-sina-hotel-in-agonda-goa/articleshow/75770641.cms |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=Vijay Karnataka |language=kn |archive-date=2023-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111133934/https://vijaykarnataka.com/viral-adda/unsolved-mysteries/haunted-stories-about-the-ghost-hotel-or-sina-hotel-in-agonda-goa/articleshow/75770641.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Ghostlore==
''Incredible Goa'' reports that there are multiple accounts regarding the state of the hotel in question, each offering different explanations for its current condition. However, one prevalent narrative links the hotel's state to alleged [[paranormal phenomena]], specifically the death of one of its owners. According to this story, the owner was purportedly murdered, leading to the halt in construction. Local villagers assert that the spirit of the deceased individual continues to wander within the premises of the property.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Incredible Goa Staff |date=2018-03-17 |title=10 Most Haunted Places in Goa, That You May Never Want to Visit |url=https://www.incrediblegoa.org/feature/the-10-most-haunted-places-in-goa-that-you-may-never-want-to-visit/ |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=Incredible Goa |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023103833/https://www.incrediblegoa.org/feature/the-10-most-haunted-places-in-goa-that-you-may-never-want-to-visit/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

''Its Goa'' magazine documented that subsequent to the death of one of its proprietors, local residents began noticing unusual phenomena occurring within the rooms of the hotel complex. As a result, the establishment gained notoriety for unsettling tourists with its eerie occurrences in various rooms.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=itsgoa |date=2022-07-20 |title=Ghost Stories in Goa That Are Haunting & Worthy of 'Netflix And Chills' |url=https://itsgoa.com/ghost-stories-in-goa |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=ItsGoa |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812145258/https://itsgoa.com/ghost-stories-in-goa/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to a report by Sunil M1 in ''[[Vijaya Karnataka]]'', there is a prevailing belief among the local community that the deceased owner of the hotel complex is manifesting in a physical form and wandering within its premises. This belief has led to a significant decline in visitors to the hotel, resulting in a peculiar situation where trees have been able to grow inside its structure.<ref name=":2" />

According to reports documented by ''Knocksense'', visitors to [[Agonda beach]] have occasionally reported hearing unusual sounds originating from the hotel. Furthermore, there have been complaints regarding the presence of an unidentified entity believed to be traversing the abandoned halls.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Knocksense |date=2019-12-05 |title=5 eerily haunted places in Goa which will spook the wig right off of your head |url=https://www.knocksense.com/goa/5-eerily-haunted-places-in-goa-which-will-spook-the-wig-right-off-of-your-head |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=Knocksense |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026111752/https://www.knocksense.com/goa/5-eerily-haunted-places-in-goa-which-will-spook-the-wig-right-off-of-your-head |url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of reportedly haunted locations in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Abandoned buildings and structures]]
[[Category:Defunct hotels]]
[[Category:Reportedly haunted locations in India]]

Q & A (novel)

2026-03-15T13:27:10Z

JessDudley8515:

{{Short description|First novel by Indian diplomat Vikas Swarup}}
{{infobox book | 
| name = Q & A
| title_orig =
| translator =
| image = Q & A (novel).jpg
| caption = First edition
| author = [[Vikas Swarup]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = [[India]]
| language = English
| series =
| genre = Drama
| publisher = [[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]]
| release_date = 2005
| english_release_date =
| media_type =
| pages = 304
| isbn = 978-0743267472
| dewey = 813/.6 22
| congress = PR9499.4.S93 Q13 2005
| oclc = 57564932
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}

'''''Q & A''''' is a novel written by Indian [[diplomat]] [[Vikas Swarup]] and published in 2005. The novel is also Swarup's first novel work.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Q & A|last=Swarup|first=Vikas|publisher=DoubleDay|year=2005|isbn=978-0743267472|location=India|pages=1–304}}</ref> It tells the [[rags to riches]] story of Ram Mohammad Thomas, a young waiter who becomes the biggest [[quiz show]] winner in history, only to be arrested and jailed on accusations that he cheated. His lawyer is the only thing standing between him and the producers' and police' attempt to force a false confession that would deprive him of the prize. The only way to prove his innocence is by sharing the episodes of his life and travels in India which explain where and how he learned the answers to the quiz show questions.

The book was loosely adapted into the multiple [[Oscar Award|Oscar]]-winning 2008 film ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]'', which features a new main character named Jamal and his brother Salim.

== Characters ==
'''Ram Mohammad Thomas:''' The main character who tells his life story to the lawyer who came to the police station and wanted to help him. He is in love with Nita and believes firmly in destiny. He possesses a "lucky" coin that he uses when confronted with big decisions—but both sides are "heads". Generally, he has a very pessimistic and realistic view of life. His name stands for three religions because it is unknown which religion his parents had. He is an orphan like Salim.

'''Salim Ilyasi:''' Ram's best friend, who has dreams of becoming a [[Hindi cinema|Bollywood]] movie star. When he was younger, a fortuneteller predicted that he would be more famous than his Bollywood idol, which spurred his dreams. He is two years younger than Ram and very handsome with a clear, musical voice. He also believes firmly in destiny. To sum up, his character is coined as young and childish, compared to Ram Mohammed Thomas.

'''Prem Kumar:''' The host of the quiz show ''Who Will Win a Billion?'' (or ''W3B''). Ram joins the show to take revenge. By the end of the book, he has helped Ram win the show and commits suicide in his car, though Ram suspects the show's producers had a hand in his death since Ram wasn't supposed to win the quiz show.

'''Smita Shah:''' Ram's lawyer and childhood friend. Though she is sceptical at first, she slowly comes to believe what he is telling her. Her real name is Gudiya, and she was the abused girl he mentioned in one of his stories — he promised to be like a brother to her and protect her so he pushed her drunkard father down the stairs.

'''Nita:''' A young prostitute with whom Ram falls in love. She bitterly tells Ram not to call her beautiful because that is the reason she was chosen instead of her plain-looking sister. Her brother is her pimp, so she implores Ram not to kill him. At the end of the book, she and Ram are married.

'''Shankar:''' When he was very young, he caught his mother and uncle in bed together and, as a result, his mother kicked him out. He still has the mind of a six-year-old boy and cries out coherently for his "Mummy" in his dreams when he is delirious from rabies. He has a blue notebook full of pictures that he has drawn for and of his mother.

'''Neelima Kumari:''' A famous actress who plays only female (tragic) lead roles and wants to stay "young" forever. Ram spent some time with her as a servant. She is based on [[Meena Kumari]]. Known as the "Tragedy Queen," she is abused by Prem Kumar but refuses to turn him in, saying that a true Tragedy Queen must possess real sadness in her life. She commits suicide, wanting to be remembered as the young and beautiful actress, but the police find her body a month later — after it has decomposed.

== Plot ==
The novel opens with Ram Mohammed Thomas "arrested" at night, a normal occurrence for slum dwellers. Ram has been terrified of it for years because he has taken lives and committed crimes to survive throughout his life. The police questioned him about the quiz show he starred in, ''Who Wants To Win a Billion?'' (W3B). Ram won the quiz show before the producers had enough money to award a first prize winner, so the police tried to get Ram to admit that he cheated and thus did not deserve the prize by [[torturing]] him. However, a girl called Smita Shah claimed herself as Ram's lawyer and asked the police to release him. Smita took Ram to her house and watched the show's DVD footage. Before watching the footage, Smita asked Ram to confess why he knew the answers, beginning the story.

=== 1,000 Rupees: The Death of a Hero ===
Ram is at the theater with his friend Salim, watching an action movie whose hero is Armaan Ali. Salim idolizes Armaan Ali and refuses to believe any bad rumors about him. Halfway through the movie, a man enters the theater and tries to touch his crotch; when Salim runs after him, he pulls off the man's fake beard to realize that it is the movie star, [[Armaan Ali]] in disguise. This is how Ram knew the first question: that Armaan Ali starred with Priya Kapoor in ''Betrayal''.

=== 2,000 Rupees: The Burden of a Priest ===
The story covers the early years of Ram's life. Due to Ram's dark complexion, he was not popular among parents looking to adopt children from the orphanage and was abandoned shortly after finally being adopted after his foster parents' divorce. Subsequently, he was taken by Father Timothy, who gave him a Christian last name, a Muslim middle name, and a Hindu first name, both because the religion of Ram's birth parents was unknown, and also to protect him from the communal riots raging in India, but called him Thomas. Ram learned English and the [[Catholic]] faith from Father Timothy.

One day, a new priest called Father John came to the church, and Ram discovered in his belongings a gay magazine that he didn't understand. The whole story unfolds when a backpacker from England named Ian arrives at the church. One night, Thomas wakes and discovers Father John and Ian having sex. He rushes to Father Timothy as he thinks that Father John is harming Ian.

Father Timothy stopped them and sent Ian and Thomas to their rooms. The next day, Thomas discovers the dead body of Father Timothy under the cross; shot by Father John, who killed himself after. Ian cries with him as they have both lost a father; Thomas as he was his religious father and the one who looked after him, and Ian because he was Father Timothy's real child and moral burden -- as a priest formerly married and with a child.

Back to the present, the footage started with the second question: What is the sequence of letters normally inscribed on a [[Crucifix|cross]]? Ram, who learned everything about the Catholic church, answered [[INRI]] correctly.

=== 5,000 Rupees: A Brother's Promise ===
A family moved into the chawl where Ram and Salim resided. The family consists of Mr Shantaram, a self-claimed [[astronomer]] who had lost his job due to alcoholism; Shantaram's wife; Gudiya, Mr Shantaram’s daughter; and Pluto, the family's pet cat named after its small size, but later killed by Shantaram.

Mr. Shantaram [[Domestic violence|domestically abused]] his family and sexually harassed Gudiya as time went by. Ram cannot stand with Shantaram when he sees Shantaram harassing Gudiya one day. The next day, he pushed Shantaram off the highest floor of the building. Ram believed that he killed Shantaram, so he fled from Mumbai to avoid persecution.

Smita said nothing but showed her deep feelings about the incident. They later watched the footage that went to the third question, which asked about the smallest planet in the [[Solar System]]. Ram responded with the correct answer, [[Pluto]].

=== 10,000 Rupees: A Thought for the Crippled ===
Ram met a group of boys like him with different backgrounds. He befriended Salim, a young Muslim boy whose family was killed when Hindus burnt a bus full of Muslims in a religious vendetta, by giving him his second name: [[Mohammed]]. He also saved Salim from being sexually abused by Gupta, the director of the orphanage. Later, Ram and Salim were chosen by Sethji, a man known to change young people's lives. Ram discovers that Sethji's real plan is to maim helpless children and exploit them for his profit. At the orphanage, Sethji gives singing lessons of the ''[[bhajans]]'' of Surdas for Lord Krishna. The song hints at Ram of Sethji's intent to blind them in the future. Ram and Salim run away from the orphanage and move to Mumbai before they can be mutilated. It is also in this chapter where Ram is given a lucky coin.

Back to the present, Smita played the fourth question in the footage. The footage asked which god [[Surdas]] devoted, and Ram answered [[Lord Krishna]] correctly.

=== 50,000 Rupees: How to Speak Australian===
In Delhi, Ram works for the Taylors, a rich, self-absorbed Australian family that habitually speaks badly of anyone. Ram finds that everyone who has worked for the Taylors is caught up in their wrongdoing, and Mr. Colonel Taylor, a [[Australia–India relations#Military relations|defence attaché]], catches them in the act.

One day, Ram picks up the phone to hear Mr. Colonel speak in code to a man panting on the other line. Ram notices that the Taylors take their rich lifestyle for granted. One day, Ram follows Mr. Taylor, who talks to Kumar, a strange Indian man. The next day, a new cook called Jai arrives to replace the last one, who thought he was in love with the Colonel's daughter. Jai attempts a heist in the house when the Taylors are on vacation, but abandons his efforts when he realizes the Taylors do not store any valuables in their house, particularly in Mr. Colonel's heavily fortified den. When Ram cleaned up the heist, he found that Mr. Colonel was a [[Espionage|spy]], but decided to make it secret. Mr. Colonel shows that he trusts Ram out of all his servants in his house for his suitable response to the heist.

The good days didn't go long. After six months, the [[Indian Foreign Office]] declared Mr. Colonel ''[[persona non grata]]'' for his activities incompatible and asked him to leave India. Ram took all his remaining salaries (52,000 rupees) and left Delhi.

Back to the footage, the host asked about the meaning of ''[[persona non grata]]'', and Ram answered "the diplomat was not accepted" correctly.

=== 100,000 Rupees: Hold on to your Buttons===
This chapter is about when Ram is living in Dharavi, Mumbai, working as a barman at Jimmy's Bar. Ram learns how to up his tips by taking advantage of peoples drunkenness and getting them to buy more. However, through this learning experience, Ram meets some unusual characters; one in particular named Prakash Rao, who tells him all about his Haitian wife and his brother who died of a heart attack. The poor man is in despair as he pours out his story to Ram that he stole money from his brother, and his wife, who is a voodoo priestess, makes a voodoo doll of his brother for him. Prakash Rao admits to Ram that he had the guilty pleasure of taking all his troubles out on the voodoo doll of his brother, giving him painful headaches and small heart attacks. Prakash Rao soon found out that his brother died a week ago of a major heart attack that he had caused through the voodoo doll, only to drop dead while talking about his plans to kill his wife, having possibly fallen victim to a voodoo doll himself. Prakash mentioning the Capitol of Haiti while recalling his wife’s origins is how Ram knows the answer to the sixth question.

=== 200,000 Rupees: Murder on the Paschim Express ===
Ram travelled to Mumbai to see Salim after working for the Taylors. He travelled with the 52,000 rupees he had earned from working. He met a family and told their son about the money. Then, a robber came in and the son, who was jealous of Ram's money, ratted him out. Ram ends up killing one of the robbers by shooting him to protect the beautiful daughter of the family, but the other robber vanishes with his money. When killing the robber, Ram saw the gun labelled "[[Colt's Manufacturing Company|Colt]]", "Lightweight", "[[Connecticut|Conn USA]]", and "DR 24691".

The seventh question in the chapter was who invented the [[revolver]]. Ram guessed [[Samuel Colt]], which was the right answer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scholieren.com/boekverslag/80916|title=Boekverslag Engels Q & A (Slumdog Millionaire) door Vikas Swarup|website=Scholieren.com|language=nl|access-date=2018-04-26}}</ref>

=== 500,000 Rupees: A Soldier's Tale ===
The chapter rounds with Balwant Singh, an old servant. He shared his heroic war story from the time of the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971|conflict between India and Pakistan]] without getting the [[Param Vir Chakra]]. His tale inspired everyone, including Ram. However, when the army arrived and spoke with Balwant, they revealed that Balwant was a liar — he had [[desertion|fled from his duty]] during the war. Balwant committed suicide the next day.

Back to the footage, the eighth question was which was the highest [[Orders, decorations, and medals of India|award]] to the [[Indian Armed Forces]]. Ram answered [[Param Vir Chakra]] correctly again.

=== 1,000,000 Rupees: License to Kill ===
In this chapter, License to Kill, Ram talks about meeting his best friend Salim again after five years. At first, he didn't want to see him, but then when they both sat down on a bench watching little kids playing football, they realized how much they missed each other and started talking about the time they were apart.

Salim talked about his past: he followed his dream to become an artist, he asked [[Mukesh Rawal]] if he could get a part in a film and he replied that he had to take some professional pictures and show them to him. Then he would become a junior artist. Junior artists play a role in the film for a few seconds and are only on the screen for about three seconds, but that's a good beginning for him. When Salim was taking his pictures, he got caught by the mob, who was going to burn him on a bus on which he was travelling.

Fortunately, a man named Ahmed threatened the criminals with a gun. Thus they escaped, and Ahmed took Salim to his home. From then on, Salim cleaned Ahmed's house and looked after it when Ahmed wasn't home. Ahmed was a man who bet on Indian cricket games and always won. After a while, Salim noticed that strange things were happening, such as Ahmed receiving yellow letters which contained information about a person, and then a few weeks later it would be announced on the news that this person had been murdered.

Salim found out that Ahmed was the man who killed these people, and he eventually saw that Ahmed was to kill Abbas Rizvi, who was a producer who had made a promise to Salim that he would make a star out of him. So Salim changed the photo for a photo of Mr Babu Pillai, alias Maman, the man who almost blinded Ram and Salim as boys. Salim left afterwards and didn't come back. A few months later, Salim heard that Ahmed was killed by the police in a shootout.

When it cuts back to the studio, Prem Kumar asked the ninth question: "How many Test centuries has India’s greatest [[batsman]] Sachin Malvankar scored?" Ram's choices were a) 34, b) 35, c) 36 or d) 37. He answers c) 36 and wins a million rupees.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://slumdogmillionaire.blogspot.com/2014/05/1000000-rupees-licence-to-kill_21.html|title=Q & A / Slumdog Millionaire: 1'000'000 Rupees: License to Kill|last=Mrsbelau|date=2014-05-21|website=Q & A / Slumdog Millionaire|access-date=2018-04-26|archive-date=2018-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427044851/http://slumdogmillionaire.blogspot.com/2014/05/1000000-rupees-licence-to-kill_21.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== 10,000,000 Rupees: Tragedy Queen ===
Ram lives as a servant in the house of Neelima Kumari, once a famous actress. The time Ram lives at her place, he discovers the sad and lonely life of an actress's faded glory. She was beaten and hurt by an unknown man. Neelima commits suicide in order to remain beautiful forever, but her body isn't found until weeks later when it is ugly and decomposed. After all this, Ram is able answer the question about Neelima Kumari in the quiz show.

=== 100,000,000 Rupees: X Gkrz Opknu (or A Love Story) ===
Ram ends up in a place near the Taj Mahal. He starts earning money by illegally guiding tourists. He finds shelter in a bunker nearby, where he befriends a boy who cannot speak properly. Then, he meets a group of rich boys who act as a fake guide, who take him to an expensive restaurant and to the Red Light District of Mumbai. He has sex with a young prostitute, Nita, and falls in love with her. She also loves him, but can't leave the brothel because of her brother, who acts as her pimp. Nita's brother tells Ram he needs 400,000 rupees to buy Nita her freedom. He steals the money from the rich woman who is the landlord of their home, using the information a former employee who was arrested for stealing gave him. After arriving at the hospital, Nita's brother ends up asking for more money as he accuses Ram of being responsible for Nita's injuries because she refused to do what her client asked her to do. Desperate, he gives his money to a man who desperately needs money to buy rabies treatment for his son. To thank him, the man gives him his card and asks Ram to call him so that he can repay him.

Back to the quiz show, a question on a [[Shakespeare]] play, "In which of the plays of Shakespeare, is one of the characters named 'Costard'?". Ram calls this man because he is an English teacher, but the teacher is unsure of the answer. Nevertheless, the teacher still tells Ram to go for the answer he is most sure of, which turns out to be the right answer, ''[[Love's Labours Lost]]''.

=== 1,000,000,000 Rupees: The Thirteenth Question ===
The last question was asking about the key of Beethoven's work, [[Piano Sonata No. 29 (Beethoven)|Piano Sonata No. 29]]. But Ram didn't know the answer. Ram, however, confronted Prem Kumar and revealed his true intention of attending the show -- that was to meet and kill him. Ram explained that Prem was the man who hurt Neelima and severely abused Nita, the prostitute he called in [[Agra]].

Prem offered to give him the answer to the question - that was [[B-flat major]] - in order to not get killed by Ram. Ram agreed and answered with the answer provided by Prem, and Ram won the show in the end.

=== Epilogue ===
Ram finishes his story, which he was telling to his lawyer, Smita. Smita tells him that she is not named Smita. She is Gudiya, the daughter of Mr. Shantaram, whom Ram thought he had killed – but in reality, Mr. Shantaram had only broken his leg and completely reformed himself. Now she knows Ram did not cheat, and she helps free him.

== Inspirations ==
The story's idea came from a local newspaper's report about children living in the Indian slums using mobile phones and the Internet. At around the same time, [[Charles Ingram]], a [[British Army|British army]] major, was found guilty of cheating in the British version of the television show ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]'' To quote Swarup: “If a British army major can be accused of cheating, then an ignorant [[tiffin]] boy from the world's biggest slum can definitely be accused of cheating.”

== Reception ==
''Q & A'' won the South Africa's [[Exclusive Books Boeke Prize|Boeke Prize]] 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2005/02/04/stories/2005020400110300.htm |title=It's quiz time, folks! |access-date=2006-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070424233314/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2005/02/04/stories/2005020400110300.htm |archive-date=2007-04-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was also nominated for the Best First Book by the [[Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] and won the Prix Grand Public at the 2007 Paris Book Fair.

To date, the book has sold translation rights in 43 languages, including Arabic, French, German, Italian, Dutch, Danish, Spanish, Greek, Romanian, Finnish, Slovenian, Croatian, Turkish, Icelandic, Chinese, Polish, Russian (''Question — Answer''), Norwegian, Swedish, Bulgarian, Serbian, Hindi, Gujarati (as ''Jackpot''), Marathi, Punjabi, Tamil, Sinhala, Indonesian, Thai, Vietnamese, Japanese and Hebrew (both as ''The Riddle Boy from Mumbai''), and Portuguese.

==See also==
*[[Charles Ingram]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|India|Novels}}

*[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ET_Cetera/Slumdog_Millionaire_riveting_despite_changes/articleshow/3990570.cms Slumdog "Millionaire riveting despite changes: Swarup"] - ''[[Times of India]]''
*"[https://web.archive.org/web/20121023083645/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-01-18/news-interviews/28043332_1_vikas-swarup-film-makers-book Slumdog has my stamp of approval says Vikas]" - ''[[Times of India]]''
*"[https://web.archive.org/web/20090207030207/http://ncl.ac.uk/egwest/holeinthewall.html The Hole in the Wall Project]" - Dr Sugata Mitra

{{DEFAULTSORT:Q and A (novel)}}
[[Category:Indian novels adapted into films]]
[[Category:2005 Indian novels]]
[[Category:Novels about orphans]]
[[Category:Novels set in India]]
[[Category:Doubleday (publisher) books]]
[[Category:2005 debut novels]]

Works of Zakariyya Kandhlawi

2026-03-15T09:07:00Z

JessDudley8515: creating new entry!

{{Short description|none}}
{{AI-generated|date=February 2026|reason=since v1, note [[WP:AISIGNS]] in superficial analyses, vocab distro typical of 2023-24 LLM text, etc, here and in user's other articles}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Zakariyya Kandhlawi
| image = Cover of Awjaz al-Masalik ila Muwatta Malik (18-volume).png
| image_size = 300px
| caption = The cover of Kandhlawi's 18-volume work, ''[[Awjaz al-Masalik ila Muwatta Malik]]''
| native_name = زکریا کاندھلوی
| native_name_lang = ur
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1898|02|3|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|05|24|1898|02|3|df=yes}}
| resting_place = [[Al-Baqi Cemetery]]
| known_for = [[Hadith studies]]
| movement = [[Deobandi movement]]
}}
'''[[Zakariyya Kandhlawi]]''' (3 February 1898 – 24 May 1982) was a traditionalist [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] scholar and an authority in the [[Hadith studies|study of hadith]] during mid-twentieth-century India. He was also known as [[Sheikh al-Hadith]] and was an ideologist of [[Tablighi Jamaat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gaborieau |first=M. |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_8095 |title=Zakariyyā Kāndhalawī Sahāranpūrī |series=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition |publisher=Brill |year=2012 |isbn=9789004161214|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_sim_8095 |access-date=13 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115180625/https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_8095 |archive-date=15 January 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> He wrote in Arabic and Urdu, and did not copyright his publications.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Metcalf |first=Barbara D. |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-1093 |title=Zakariyya, Maulānā Muḥammad |series=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-530513-5|access-date=22 June 2023 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702200515/https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-1093 |url-status=live }}</ref> He began writing at the age of 20 while a student. After completing his studies, he became a teacher at [[Mazahir Uloom]] in 1917. During this period he collaborated with [[Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri]] on [[Badhl al-Majhud fi Hall Sunan Abi Dawud|''Badhl al-Majhud'']], which was the foundation of his lifelong study of Hadith.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=59}} He wrote 103 works, 57 in Arabic and 46 in Urdu.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=59}} His [[Fada'il series]] has been translated into multiple languages and served as resources for the Tablighi Jamaat.<ref name=":0" />

== Hadith studies ==
=== Arabic ===
* '''''[[Al-Abwab wa al-Tarajim li Sahih al-Bukhari]]:''''' A book on the chapters and biographies of ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]'' was primarily written during Kandhlawi's teaching career. When he was residing in Medina in 1390 AH, he reviewed everything he had written over the past four decades for the purpose of writing his book. During the review, he added further explanations and improved some of his explanations, inspired by his contemplation. Abdul Hafeez al-Makki assisted him in the review, and during his journey to India, Muhammad Aqil, Muhammad Yunus, Muhammad Salman, and others also provided assistance in the review.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ismail |first1=Mohd Aashif |last2=Majid |first2=Latifah Abdul |last3=Nazri |first3=Mohd Arif |year=2022 |title=Penggunaan Ungkapan Al-Auj'ah ᶜIndī Di Sisi Zakariyya Al-Kāndahlawi: Tumpuan Terhadap Karya Al- Abwāb Wa Al-Tarājim Li Ṣaḥīḥ Al-Bukhārī |url=https://spaj.ukm.my/jalturath/index.php/jalturath/article/view/220 |url-status=live |journal=Al-turath Journal of Al-quran and Al-sunnah |language=ms |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=29–36 |issn=0128-0899 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203130157/https://spaj.ukm.my/jalturath/index.php/jalturath/article/view/220 |archive-date=3 December 2022 |access-date=13 June 2023}}</ref>
* '''''[[Al-Kawakib al-Durri sharh Jami al-Tirmidhi]]:''''' It is a commentary on ''[[Sahih al-Tirmidhi]]'', based on the teachings of [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi]] and recorded by his student, Yahya Kandhlawi. The commentary was later expanded upon by Yahya's son, Zakariyya Kandhlawi, who added extensive footnotes. The initial version, consisting of two volumes, was published in India in 1933 and 1934. A subsequent version, with additional footnotes by Zakariyya Kandhlawi, was published in four volumes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sarwar |first1=Hafiz Ghulam |last2=Iqbal |first2=Hafiz Atif |date=2022 |title=Kawkab Ad-Durri 'Ala Jami' At-Tirmidhi And Fiqhul Hadith: A Research & Analaytical Review |url=https://rushdjournal.com/index.php/rushd/article/view/63 |url-status=live |journal=Rushd Journal |language=ur |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=156 |issn=2414-3138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329073315/https://rushdjournal.com/index.php/rushd/article/view/63 |archive-date=29 March 2023 |access-date=13 June 2023}}</ref>
* '''''[[Awjaz al-Masalik ila Muwatta Malik]]:''''' It is a multi-volume commentary on the [[Muwatta Imam Malik]]. This work provides a detailed analysis of the ''Muwatta'', including its narrations, sources, and discussions on the legal rulings derived from the hadith, according to the four schools of thought. It not only covers the sources of the [[Maliki school]] but also incorporates evidence from the [[Hanafi school]], making it a significant contribution to the commentary on hadith within the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ghouri |first=Syed Abdul Majid |date=2022 |title=Awjaz Al-masālik 'ilā Muwaṭṭāʿ Mālik of Shayikh Muḥammad Zakariyyā Kandhalavi: A Critical Analysis From Hadith Perspective |url=https://jmqs.usim.edu.my/index.php/jmqs/article/view/356 |url-status=live |journal=Maʿālim al-Qurʾān wa al-Sunnah |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=154 |doi=10.33102/jmqs.v18i1.356 |issn=2637-0328 |s2cid=249614654 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014053848/https://jmqs.usim.edu.my/index.php/jmqs/article/view/356 |archive-date=14 October 2022 |access-date=24 February 2023|doi-access=free }}</ref>
* '''''Awliyat al-Qiyamah:''''' In this book, Kandhlawi has compiled Hadiths that begin with the word "awwal" (first). This book reflects his literary taste along with his understanding of the hereafter.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=119}}
* '''''[[Badhl al-Majhud fi Hall Sunan Abi Dawud]]''''': It is a detailed commentary on ''[[Sunan Abu Dawood]]'', authored by [[Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri]] with the assistance of Zakariyya Kandhlawi. It was a ten-year journey. Initially published in five volumes, it was later expanded to a twenty-volume collection.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Haroon |first1=Muhammad |last2=Irfan |first2=Muhammad |last3=Awan |first3=Talib Ali |date=2021 |title=Explanation and Refinement of Sunan e Abī Dawūd's narrators: Special Study of Bzl-al-Majhūd |url=https://alqamarjournal.com/index.php/alqamar/article/view/865 |url-status=live |journal=Al-Qamar|pages=439–448 |issn=2664-4398 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021181420/https://alqamarjournal.com/index.php/alqamar/article/view/865 |archive-date=21 October 2022 |access-date=25 February 2023}}</ref>
* '''''Tabwib Tawil Mukhtalif al-Ahadith:''''' The book ''Tawil al-Hadith'' by [[Ibn Qutaybah]] is not categorized. Hadiths in this book are presented without any specific arrangement. However, Kandhlawi categorized the Hadiths, and the basis of this categorization is a jurisprudential order. He composed this book on a Friday night in [[Jumada al-Awwal]] 1342. He organized this book into ten pages and twenty-one headings.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=119}}
* '''''Tabwib Mushkil al-Athar:''''' [[Al-Tahawi]] divided his book ''Mushkil al-Athar'' into four parts, but he did not arrange this book according to the order of jurisprudential issues. However, Kandhlawi organized the index of this book in the order of jurisprudential issues, making it easier to refer to the ''Mushkil al-Athar''. He mentioned the details of the references for the contents of ''[[Badhl al-Majhud fi Hall Sunan Abi Dawud]]'' in this book.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=120}}
* '''''Takhrij al-Jami':''''' [[Ibn al-Athir]] authored his book ''Jami al-Usul'', which includes the five authentic books and the ''[[Muwatta Imam Malik]]''. Kandhlawi provided the details of the references for each Hadith included in the ''Jami al-Usul'' and facilitated the review of its content.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=120}}
* '''''Taqrir Mihkat Sharif:''''' He started composing this book as a summary when he was a student. However, when he was entrusted with the responsibility of teaching the subject ''[[Mishkat al-Masabih]]'' in 1341 AH, he expanded upon what he had written during his student days by adding comments and completing the writing of this book.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=120}}
* '''''Taqrir Nisawi Sharif:''''' He began writing this book in the second spring of 1341 AH. This book is a collection of the following explanations: Explanations by the scholar [[Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri]] during his teaching of ''[[Al-Sunan al-Sughra]]''. Explanations by the scholar [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi]] during his teaching of ''Al-Nasai'' in 1312 AH. These explanations were delivered by the scholar Gangohi, and Yahya Kandhlawi recorded them. There was a specific copy of ''Al-Nasai'' in the [[Mazahir Uloom]] for the professors. Some of the explanations of ''Al-Nasai'' were in booklet form with Yahya Kandhlawi, and the name of the writer is not mentioned in it. Some of the explanations were derived from the book ''Zahr al-Rabi'' by [[Al-Suyuti]].{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=121}}
* '''''Tahlis al-Budhul:''''' When he was assisting his mentor [[Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri]] in writing his book ''[[Badhl al-Majhud fi Hall Sunan Abi Dawud]]'', he used to write a summary of the daily recordings in his own words in his notebook. He took care to write a summary of ''Badhl al-Majhud'' in accordance with the chapters.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=123}}
* '''''Jame' al-Riwayat wa al-Ajza':''''' When he read hadith books, he would write explanations and comments in the margins of the pages. It is the Collection of Narrations and Sections. He compiled this book into a thousand pages, hundreds of chapters, and eight volumes.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=123}}
* '''''Juz' Innama al-A'mal bil-Niyat:''''' It is about a Hadith, "Actions are Judged by Intentions." This hadith is very important in the circle of Islam because it contains many meanings. He paid attention to explaining this hadith after scientific research. In this book, he mentioned the importance of this hadith based on its chain of narrators, the analysis of its vocabulary, and the statements of the scholars regarding it.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=124}}
* '''''Juz' Afzal al-A'mal:''''' In this book, he mentioned the hadiths related to "The Best of Deeds." He saw it appropriate to gather the hadiths that encompass "The Best of Deeds" due to their abundance under this title. He also mentioned the explanations of the scholars for each of these hadiths.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=124}}
* '''''Juz' al-Jihad:''''' In this book, he defined the meaning of [[jihad]] and explained its conditions, as well as the responsibility of the rulers and caliphs. The book includes the following topics: the conditions for the obligation of jihad, the conditions for the permissibility of jihad, including women's participation in jihad, and the etiquette of jihad.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=124}}
* '''''Juz' Takhrij Hadith Aisha Radi Allah Anha:''''' In the six authentic books, there are many narrations about [[Aisha]] regarding her correspondence with Lady Burayrah. [[Muhammad al-Bukhari]] included 24 hadiths in his Sahih that are related to Aisha's correspondence with Lady Burayrah, and Kandhlawi collected in this book all the narrations that mention the details of Aisha's correspondence.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=125}}
* '''''Juz' Riwayat al-Istihadah:''''' This book contains narrations related to the issue of [[Istihadha]] (irregular bleeding outside the menstrual period). Scholars are still exerting efforts in this matter, and Kandhlawi collected all the narrations related to the issue of Istihadah.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=125}}
* '''''Juz' Salat al-Istisqa':''''' In this book, Kandhlawi mentioned the narrations of Hadith related to the prayer of seeking rain ([[Rain prayer|Salatul Istisqa]]) and the statements of the four Imams regarding it.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=126}}
* '''''Juz' Salat al-Khawf:''''' In this book, Kandhlawi mentioned the narrations of Hadith related to the prayer of fear (Salatul Khawf) and the statements of the four Imams regarding it. He also mentioned the days on which Muhammad performed this prayer during his lifetime.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=126}}
* '''''Juz' Salat al-Kusuf:''''' Kandhlawi mentioned in this book the narrations of the Hadith related to the prayer of the eclipse, the statements of the four Imams about it, and the days when Muhammad performed this prayer.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=126}}
* '''''Juz' Ma Ja'a fi Sharh Alfaz al-Istia'dhah:''''' It is an explanation of the phrases of seeking refuge in God, spanning eighty pages.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=127}}
* '''''Juz' Ma Yushkil 'ala al-Jarihain:''''' In the context of Hadith studies, this book is about the act of criticizing or disparaging a narrator's credibility and reliability.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=127}}
* '''''Juz' Mukaffarat al-Dhunub:''''' In the narrations, the virtues of certain actions through which Allah forgives human sins are mentioned. These actions are known as expiations for sins. Kandhlawi explains in this book the major sins, minor sins, and the differences between them. He also explains in this book 31 hadiths in which Muhammad mentioned actions through which God forgives human sins because of them.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=128}}
* '''''Juz' al-Mubhamat fi al-Asanid wa al-Riwayat:''''' In most chains of hadiths and their narrations, ambiguous names are found. Kandhlawi researched historical books and collected these ambiguous names in this book.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=129}}
* '''''[[Hajjat al-Wada wa Umrat al-Nabi]]:''''' It focuses on the [[Farewell Pilgrimage]] of Muhammad. The book provides a detailed account of the pilgrimage and its outcomes. It covers various aspects such as rituals, legal rulings, historical events, scientific benefits, and hadith research related to both [[Hajj]] and [[Umrah]]. The book aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of the subject and serves as a resource for studying and exploring the Farewell Pilgrimage.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Ahmad |first=Riyaz |title=Maulana Mohd Zakaria ki Elm E hadees men Khidmaat |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2009 |location=India |language=ur |hdl=10603/57134 |degree=PhD |url=https://core.ac.uk/display/144524601?source=1&algorithmId=15&similarToDoc=144523409&similarToDocKey=CORE&recSetID=cb65ce6f-dd11-4a75-a8eb-a95e4ded5f93&position=3&recommendation_type=same_repo&otherRecs=144527167,144526634,144524601,144527160,144521013 |access-date=13 June 2023 |archive-date=27 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627220558/https://core.ac.uk/display/144524601?source=1&algorithmId=15&similarToDoc=144523409&similarToDocKey=CORE&recSetID=cb65ce6f-dd11-4a75-a8eb-a95e4ded5f93&position=3&recommendation_type=same_repo&otherRecs=144527167,144526634,144524601,144527160,144521013 |url-status=live |pages=97}}</ref>
* '''''Hawashi al-Musalsalat:''''' This book includes the three books of [[Shah Waliullah Dehlawi]] and the annotations of the Hadith scholar. The names of these three books are: ''Al-Fadl al-Mubin fi al-Masalat min Hadith al-Nabi Salla Allah 'Alayhi wa Sallam, Al-Durr al-Thamin fi Mubashshirat al-Nabi al-Amin Salla Allah 'Alayhi wa Sallam, Al-Nawadir min Ahadith Sayyid al-Awwal wal-Akhir Salla Allah 'Alayhi wa Sallam''. Teachers at the [[Mazahir Uloom]] are accustomed to reading these three books among the students at the conclusion of teaching ''Sahih al-Bukhari''.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=145}}
* '''''Hawashi Dheel al-Tahdhib:''''' This book includes ''Al-Tahdhib'' by [[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani]] and its annotations. Kandhlawi arranged the pages of his book in the same order as Ibn Hajar, making it easy to reference the book.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=146}}
* '''''Hawashi wa Ta'liqat Bidh al-Mujahid:''''' They are margins for ''[[Badhl al-Majhud fi Hall Sunan Abi Dawud]]''. After the printing of ''Badhl al-Mazhud'', he began writing the margins for it.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=147}}
* '''''Dheel al-Taysir:''''' During the composition of ''Badhl al-Mazhud'', Kandhlawi benefited from the book ''Taysir al-Wusul ila Jame' al-Usul by Ibn al-Dibaj''. It is a collection of explanations related to ''Taysir al-Wusul'' various books.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=147}}
* '''''Shatharat Asma' al-Rijal:''''' Kandhlawi authored this book to resolve discrepancies in the names of Hadith narrators. He clarified in this book the contradictory expressions found in books of narrator names, such as ''Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, Taqrir al-Tahdhib, Ta'ajil al-Manfa'a, Lisan al-Mizan, Tahdhib al-Kamal, and Mizan al-I'tidal''.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=148}}
* '''''Shatharat al-Hadith:''''' During the review of books for the compilation of the book ''Badhl al-Majhud'', he would refer to all Hadith books. Whenever he found an explanation that he needed at that moment, he would write it in his personal notebook. He categorized these excerpts under different chapters.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=148}}
* '''''[[Lami al-Darari ala Jami al-Bukhari]]:''''' It is a commentary on ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]'', based on the teachings of Rashid Ahmad Gangohi and compiled by Yahya Kandhlawi, with further expansions by his son, Zakariyya Kandhlawi. The commentary aims to provide detailed explanations, discussions, and insights into the various sections, topics, and issues covered in ''Sahih al-Bukhari''. It also incorporates additional research, references to other scholarly works, and defends the [[Hanafi school]] of Islamic jurisprudence.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shah |first1=Muhammad Usman |last2=Ahmed |first2=Manzoor |date=2021 |title=Inorate,literary style, manner and procedure of the commentary of "Lame-ud-durari" (Sharh-e-Sahih Bukhari) |url=http://www.arjish.com/index.php/arjish/article/view/329 |journal=Al-Aijaz Research Journal of Islamic Studies & Humanities |language=ur |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=244 |doi=10.53575/Urdu19.v5.02(21).244-258 |s2cid=243773920 |issn=2707-1219 |doi-access=free |access-date=22 June 2023 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618070956/http://www.arjish.com/index.php/arjish/article/view/329 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''''Mukhtasasah al-Mushkawwah:''''' Kandhlawi gathered in this book the contents mentioned in ''Al-Mirqat'' and other explanations of ''[[Mishkat al-Masabih]]''.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=158}}
* '''''Mu'jam al-Sahabah al-Lati Akhraj 'Anhum Abu Dawud:''''' In ''[[Musnad al-Tayalisi]]'', [[Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi]] arranged the narrations according to their ranks. However, this arrangement is easy to review for those who have knowledge of their ranks. Therefore, Kandhlawi decided to arrange their narrations in alphabetical order.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=158}}
* '''''Mu'jam al-Musnad lil-Imam Ahmad:''''' [[Ahmad ibn Hanbal]] arranged the narrations in his ''[[Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal]]'' according to the ranks of the Companions. This arrangement is easy to review for those who have complete knowledge of the ranks of the Companions. Kandhlawi arranged the same Musnad in the order of the names of the Companions, making it easy for reference.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=159}}
* '''''Mu'jam Rijal Tadhkirat al-Huffaz lil-Dhahabi:''''' This book is in four volumes, and the author of this book mentioned the names of men under a separate index for each volume. The names are arranged in the order of men's titles and their kunyas. Kandhlawi exchanged the same indexes and arranged them in the order of the original men's names.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=159}}
* '''''Muqaddimah Kutub al-Hadith:''''' Kandhlawi wrote an introduction to the science of Hadith between 1346 AH and 1356 AH and added it to ''[[Awjaz al-Masalik ila Muwatta Malik]]''. After completing this introduction, he continued to write further introductions to each of the Hadith books. These introductions included the characteristics of the Hadith books, detailed biographies of their compilers, and other important information related to those books.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=160}}
* '''''Multaqat al-Marqah:''''' ''Al-Mirqat Al-Mafatih fi Sharh Mishkat Al-Masabih'' is a book authored by the scholar [[Ali al-Qari]]. Kandhlawi began writing his book ''Maltiqat Al-Mirqat'' to summarize the contents of the original author's work. He started writing this book on the 29th of [[Dhu al-Hijjah]], 1341 AH.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=161}}

=== Urdu ===
* '''''Taqareer Kutub-e-Hadith:''''' Kandhlawi first learned the sciences of Hadith from his father, Yahya Kandhlawi, and then from [[Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri]]. Whenever he heard explanations of the Prophetic traditions, he would write them down in a notebook. He named this collection of explanations of the Hadith books "Reports on Hadith Books."{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=174}}
* '''''[[Fada'il series]]:''''' It is a collection of nine treatises authored between the years 1930 and 1965, which elucidate the virtues associated with various deeds. The majority of these treatises were composed at the behest of [[Ilyas Kandhlawi]], the founder of [[Tablighi Jamaat]]. Subsequently, most of the collective treatises were published under the title [[Fazail-e-Amaal]]. The nine treatises encompassed within this series are as follows: (1) The Story of the Companions, (2) Virtues of the Quran, (3) Virtues of Prayer, (4) Virtues of Remembrance (Dhikr), (5) Virtues of Propagation, (6) Virtues of Ramadan, (7) Virtues of Hajj, (8) Virtues of Charity, and (9) Virtues of Sending Blessings upon the Prophet.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=189}}
* '''''Fazail-e-Tijarat:''''' He wrote this at the command of his teacher, [[Ilyas Kandhlawi]], on the virtues of [[trade]]. During his illness, he drafted the manuscript, but it could not be published and was lost. Later, during his tenure in [[Medina]], he rewrote it with the phrase "[[Basmala|Bismillah]]" (in the name of Allah).{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=226}}
* '''''Fazail-e-Zaban Arabi:''''' This book discusses the necessity, importance, and virtues of the [[Arabic|Arabic language]]. Its completion took place in [[Al-Masjid an-Nabawi]]. In the process of composing the treatise, he faced numerous challenges, and his mind and intellect were greatly influenced. He wrote a letter to [[Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi]] from Medina. Through Quranic verses, Prophetic traditions, historical events, and the sayings of the elders, it clearly explains the importance, necessity, and virtues of the Arabic language in this book.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Chaudhary |first=Muhammad Nawaz |title=Religious and academic services of Hazrat Maulana Zakaria |publisher=[[University of the Punjab]] |year=1992 |location=Pakistan |language=ur |url=http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/8810 |type=PhD |access-date=13 June 2023 |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830142215/http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/8810 |url-status=live |page=226}}</ref>
* '''''Usul-e-Hadith ala Mazhab al-Hanafi:''''' Kandhlawi began writing this book on the fundamentals of Hadith specific to the Hanafi school in the month of Jumada al-Awwal in the year 1342 AH and completed it in two days. However, he continued to write marginal notes on the texts of that book until 1388 AH, according to what was in his mind.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=174}}

== Quranic studies ==
=== Arabic ===
* '''''Tabwib Ahkam al-Qur'an'':''' [[Al-Jassas]] had the honor of arranging the rulings of the Qur'an in his ''Aḥkām al-Qur'an'', according to the order of the Qur'an. This arrangement is solely for noble preservation. However, Kandhlawi altered its arrangement and presented the rulings based on the order of jurisprudential issues in this book.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=68}}
* '''''Sharh Jazari'':''' Kandhlawi authored this book, following the request of his teacher Hassan Sha'ir al-Arabi. He resided in [[Medina]] while writing this book.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=68}}

=== Urdu ===
* '''''Tuhfat al-Ikhwan fi Bayan Ahkam''''': This book is a translation of the book by Hassan Shaar Al-Madani on the science of recitation. When the famous scholar and reciter Hassan Shaar Al-Madani was teaching Quranic recitation to his students, some of them were Indians. Al-Madani did not know the Urdu language, so he asked Kandhlawi to translate his book into Urdu.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=173}}
* '''''Hawashi Kalam-e-Pak''''': Khandlawi didn't have the habit of sleeping during the nights of Ramadan, from sunset till dawn. He used to read the Quran with contemplation and reflection, from [[Al-Fatiha]] to [[Al-Nas]]. He would write down the anticipated questions and then write on the margins of the pages, referring to the commentaries. In this way, this practice underwent a complete transformation.{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=233}}

== Islamic jurisprudence ==
=== Arabic ===
* '''''Juz' Ikhtilafat al-Salat:''''' It is about [[Salah]]. When Khandlawi was teaching ''[[Mishkat al-Masabih]]'', he came to know that there are more than 200 issues in which the four juristic schools differ. He marveled at the debates and arguments among the followers of different schools on only these two issues: raising the hands and saying "Ameen" aloud. And then he mentioned in this book the differences in matters of prayer among the four juristic schools.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=161}}
* '''''Juz' al-Manat:''''' This book is about Al-Minat, a term used in Hadith studies that refers to the "cause" or "reason" behind a specific ruling or action mentioned in a Hadith. It is an aspect of Hadith analysis in which scholars delve into the contextual factors or underlying reasons that led to the statement or action of Muhammad or his companions.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=162}}
* '''''Juz' Raf' al-Yadayn:''''' The issue of raising the hands (Raf'ul'yadain) is well known among the general public. Since ancient times, followers of the four juristic schools have debated this issue. In this book, Khandlawi has compiled all the narrations that mention the issue of raising the hands.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=162}}
* '''''Shajarat Al-Hidayah wa Nur Al-Anwar wa Dur Al-Mukhtar wa Hissami:''''' Khandlawi has experience in teaching fiqh books such as ''[[Al-Hidayah]]'', ''Nur Al-Anwar'', ''Dur Al-Mukhtar'', and ''Hissami'' repeatedly. Whenever he prepares for teaching, he writes footnotes and annotations.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=163}}

=== Urdu ===
* '''''Ikhtilaf al-Ummah:''''' This book explores the differences among the Imams of [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]] and was primarily published in ''Al-Mazahir'', a magazine of [[Mazahir Uloom]].{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=217}}
* '''''Darhi Ka Wajib:''''' The book was written during his in Medina in 1394 AH. This booklet consists of two chapters. The first chapter contains the blessed guidance and the obligation of growing a beard according to Muhammad. The second chapter discusses the obligation of beards for others besides Muhammad. In this book, the necessity and importance of growing a beard are explained in the light of Quranic verses, Prophetic traditions, the guidance of scholars, their teachings, and their statements. It also includes quotes from modern medicine and ancient medical opinions regarding the obligation of beards.{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=224}}

== Historiography ==
=== Arabic ===
* '''''Abjad al-Waqai':''''' This book includes expeditions, military campaigns, and biographies of prominent men from the history of Islam, as well as important information about non-Muslim Arabs. The contents of this book are arranged alphabetically by Khandlawi.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=163}}
* '''''Ahwal al-Qara'a al-Sab'a:''''' Khandlawi authored this book on the sciences of recitation of Quran. During his one-year stay in the city of Medina, this book includes biographies of the seven reciters and their fourteen disciples. In fact, this book is an appendix to the book ''Ikhwan al-Safa'' by Hassan Sha'ir, in which he mentioned only the names of the seven reciters and their disciples. However, Khandlawi added detailed information about their conditions.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=164}}
* '''''Juz' Amara' al-Madinah al-Munawwarah:''''' Khandlawi saw the need to compile a book to clarify the names of the princes of Al-Madinah in chronological order, in order to facilitate mentioning their names when discussing their events. He organized this book into two tables. In the first table, he mentioned the names of all the princes of Al-Madinah. As for the second table, he listed the names of the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad caliphs]] and their successors, followed by the [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid caliphs]] of Baghdad, and then the Abbasid caliphs of Egypt. After that, the [[Ottoman dynasty]] is mentioned.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=164}}
* '''''Juz' al-Mi'raj:''''' It is Khandlawi's research article on the [[Isra' and Mi'raj|Muhammad's Night Journey]]. He did not arrange the contents of this book in any particular order, but he mentioned a collection of hadiths related to the Night Journey along with the statements and opinions of scholars about the Al-Mi'raj.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=165}}
* '''''Juz' Unkhat al-Nabi Salla Allah 'Alayhi wa Sallam:''''' In this book, Khandlawi explains in detail the marriages of the [[Wives of Muhammad]]. He also mentions some of the disputed marriages and the names of some women who were proposed to but the marriages did not take place. Finally, he mentions the marriage of Muhammad's daughter, [[Fatima]], to [[Ali]].{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=165}}
* '''''Juz' Tariq al-Madinah al-Munawwarah:''''' In this book, he mentions the names of the four routes from Makkah to Al-Madinah: the Sultan Road, the Subsidiary Road, the Subterranean Road, and the Eastern Road. He explains in detail the famous stations and landmarks along each of these routes.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=166}}
* '''''Juz' Ma Qal al-Muhaddithun fi al-Imam al-A'zam:''''' In this book, he compiled all the opinions of the hadith scholars and historians regarding [[Abu Hanifa]], in terms of criticism and praise. He divided this book into two sections: the first section includes what the Hadith Scholars said, and the second section includes what the Historians said.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=166}}
* '''''Juz' Wafat al-Nabi Salla Allah 'Alayhi wa Sallam:''''' In this book, the history of the beginning of Muhammad's illness and death is mentioned, along with his customary visits to the Mothers of the Believers and the arrangement of visits among them. It also provides detailed information about Muhammad's arrival to Aisha and the severity of his illness. The book presents events in chronological order, with each incident under a specific heading. References from biographical and historical books are provided for each incident, and a total of eighty-seven headings are used to arrange the incidents.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=167}}
* '''''Hawashi al-Ishaa'ah:''''' Khandlawi had a copy of the book ''Al-Isha'ah fi Ishraat Al-Sa'ah'' when he was a student. While reading this book, he would place a paper between every two pages and write explanations and annotations on them. He also mentioned the page numbers for each reference in the author's references.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=168}}
* '''''Al-Mu'allafat wa al-Mu'allifeen:''''' In this book, Khandlawi has gathered the names of books in the fields of hadith and jurisprudence, along with biographies of their authors and details about the references of these books.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=168}}
* '''''Multaqat al-Ruwat 'an al-Marqat:''''' In this book, Khandlawi has compiled the details of the narrators that [[Ali al-Qari]] mentioned in his ''Mirqat al-Masabih fi Sharh Mishkat al-Masabih.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=169}}''
* '''''Al-Waqai' wa al-Duhur:''''' This book consists of three volumes. The first volume contains the events in the life of Muhammad, from his migration to Medina until his passing, and these events are arranged in chronological order. The second volume contains the events that took place during the times of the [[Rashidun|four righteous caliphs]], as well as the two Imams, [[Hasan ibn Ali|Hasan]] and [[Husayn ibn Ali|Husayn]], and [[Mu'awiya I]]. The third volume contains significant events that occurred during the eras of the caliphs and rulers of the two noble sanctuaries and in later times. Finally, he added in this book the events that occurred until the year 1388 AH.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=170}}

=== Urdu ===
* '''''[[Aap Beati (Kandhlawi)|Aap Beati]]:''''' It is a seven-volume autobiography, initially published in 1970. The book provides a detailed account of his upbringing, education, and interactions with prominent scholars of his era. It explores his spiritual journey and offers insights into the lives and achievements of his predecessors.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Metcalf |first=Barbara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xcVU2vwIgKcC |title=The Past in the Present: Instruction, Pleasure, and Blessing in Maulānā Muḥammad Zakariyya's Aap Biitii |date=2004-12-30 |series=Telling Lives in India: Biography, Autobiography, and Life History |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-21727-1 |editor-last=Arnold |editor-first=David |pages=116–144|author-link=Barbara D. Metcalf |access-date=22 July 2023 |archive-date=28 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028042200/https://books.google.com/books?id=xcVU2vwIgKcC |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''''Akabir Ulama Deoband:''''' This book was written on esteemed scholars of the [[Deobandi movement]]. Kandhlawi compiled this book in [[Jumada al-Thani]] 1397 in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. It encompasses the interests of senior scholars of Deoband in religious matters.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=178}}
* '''''Akabir Ka Ramazan:''''' In this book, Kandhlawi elucidated the practices of numerous scholars from the Deobandi movement during [[Ramadan]].{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=179}}
* '''''Tareekh Mashaykh Chisht:''''' Kandhlawi began writing this book after completing his studies. He mentioned in it the biography of Muhammad and the [[Rashidun caliph]]s first. After that, he mentioned the conditions of the scholars in the [[Chishti Order]] (meaning the Sabiri chain), and this chain extends to [[Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri]]. This book is the first book authored by Kandhlawi when he entered the field of writing. Due to his busy schedule with teaching and other activities, he was unable to complete this book immediately after starting it. However, he completed it with the assistance of Muhammad Shahid Saharanpuri.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=180}}
* '''''Tareekh Mazahir:''''' Kandhlawi authored this book, which encompasses the establishment of the [[Mazahir Uloom]] in [[Saharanpur district|Saharanpur]], the dedication of its teacher and students, and their active engagement in learning, teaching, and curriculum development. He provided detailed descriptions of all these aspects, showcasing his deep interest in the affairs of the madrasa.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=181}}
* '''''[[Khasa'il Nabawi]]:''''' It is an Urdu translation and commentary of the ''[[Ash-Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya]]''. This book delves into various aspects of Muhammad's physical characteristics, personality, habits, attire, and other details, providing a comprehensive depiction of his life and teachings.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yahia Bilal Minar |first=Mohamed |date=2021 |title=Mukhtalif al-hadith (Different Hadiths) according to ShaikhZakaria Al-Kandhlawi, in sharh "Al-Shama'il" of Imam Al-Tirmizi, an applied study |url=https://jfgt.journals.ekb.eg/article_207930.html |url-status=live |journal=Majalat Kliat Albanat Al'azharia |language=ar |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=182–327 |doi=10.21608/jfgt.2021.207930 |s2cid=245166809 |issn=2636-3615 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221084720/https://jfgt.journals.ekb.eg/article_207930.html |archive-date=2021-12-21 |access-date=2023-06-17|doi-access=free }}</ref>
* '''''Risalah strike:''''' This booklet focuses on the topic of strikes, and within its pages, Kandhlawi expresses a negative opinion towards strikes. In 1382 AH, a strike occurred in [[Mazahir Uloom]], leading to significant corruption and immoral practices within religious circles. It was during this period that this book was authored, with [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]] offering a fatwa supported by legal evidence concerning the strike. The book further elucidates the viewpoints of [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]] and other scholars.{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=222}}
* '''''Seerat Siddique Radi Allah Anhu:''''' This booklet is about [[Abu Bakr|Abu Bakr Siddiq]], the first caliph of Islam.{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=233}}
* '''''Dama'im Khoan Khalil'''''{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=64}}
* '''''Quran Azim Aur Jabriyah Taleem:''''' The British government imposed a compulsory education law in 1948 for Indian residents, which required children between the ages of six and eleven to be enrolled in government schools. Those who violated this law were subjected to penalties. The imposition of compulsory education directly affected Muslim religious and Arabic schools. As a result, out of the 20 Quranic schools in Darul Khilafah, Delhi, only two remained open. Students pursuing religious education were admitted to non-governmental schools where there was no provision for Quranic and religious education. Scholars, including Ashraf Ali Thanwi, opposed compulsory education. In this regard, Khandlawi sent a lengthy written document on the 13th of Muharram, addressed to Muslim leaders and other influential Muslims. It was later published under the title ''Jabriyah Taleem'' (Compulsory Education), presenting arguments against compulsory education based on religious principles.{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=223}}
* '''''Mujaddidin Millat:''''' Muhammad said that in his Ummah (community), a reformer will arise. Scholars from different ers have compiled lists of individuals who have been identified as reformers and guides for the Ummah based on their own research. In this book, he has gathered the sayings of all these prominent figures, which were written by various scholars during different periods, until the fourteenth century.{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=236}}
* '''''Mashaykh Tasawwuf:''''' This booklet contains brief accounts of distinguished Sufis and is not limited to Chishti Sufi masters. It includes the biographies of renowned Sufi saints.{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=238}}
* '''''Meri Mahsin Kitabain:''''' On the insistence of [[Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi]] and due to his strong determination, Khandlawi began the compilation of a booklet that would include the favorite books of every era, written by renowned scholars.{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=238}}
* '''''Naseehat Hajj Aur Maktub Karami'''''{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=64}}
* '''''Nizam Mazahir Uloom:''''' When Shabir Ali Thanwi was at [[Mazahir Uloom]], Khandlawi wrote a treatise of approximately 100 pages in response to the inquiries of students regarding the previous system of the school.{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=238}}

== Logic ==
=== Arabic ===
* '''''Sharh Sullam al-'Ulum''''': When Khandlawi was a student, he expressed his interest in writing books that he authored during his days of learning, and ''Sharh Sullam al-'Ulum'' was one of those works. In this book, he clarifies the reports of his esteemed teacher, Abdul Wahid.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=170}}

=== Urdu ===
* '''''Izafah Bar Ishkal Iqlidis:''''' While studying the science of [[Euclid]], Kandhlawi immersed himself in learning it and discovered additional Euclidean figures. He authored a book that includes Euclidean terms, their meanings, and the figures that he himself discovered.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=182}}

== Theology ==
=== Urdu ===
* '''''Islam Lene Ka Tariqa:''''' In this book, Kandhlawi explains the necessary information that one needs to know in order to embrace [[Islam]]. He also mentions the names of the books that should be read to progress in faith and religious deeds. This book makes it easy to understand the religion of Islam for those who want to enter it.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=181}}
* '''''Al-Taqdeer''''' (uncompleted): Kandhlawi had the idea of composing a book on [[Predestination in Islam]] a long time ago, so he started writing it and mentioned many established facts about how a person obtains what is destined for them. This book includes facts and hadiths.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=181}}
* '''''Teen Maktub:''''' In this book, Kandhlawi compiles three articles by [[Ahmad Sirhindi]]. These articles contain sermons on religion, correct beliefs, rectifying the conditions of the Ummah, and following the Sunnah. Kandhlawi adds his explanations and beneficial comments to these articles, and it was published in the year 1396 AH.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=182}}
* '''''Maut Ki Yaad:''''' In the preface of this book, Khandlawi explains the reason for its compilation. He mentions that his sincere friend [[Yusuf Banuri]] sent two sections of this booklet related to the months of Dhul-Qa'dah and Dhul-Hijjah through a letter. In the section about Dhul-Qa'dah, two Arabic poems on the topic of death and their illustrations were highly appreciated. The intention was to include these poems in the remaining parts of the book. Iqbal Madani advised including the articles related to the topic of death in the second part of ''Fazail Sadaqat'' (Virtues of Charity) along with these poems. This suggestion was well received. Additionally, two gazals (poems) by [[Aziz al-Hasan Ghouri]] on the subjects of "Dars-e-Ibrat" (Lesson of Admonition) and "Muraqabah-e-Maut" (Contemplation of Death) were also included at the end. Hence, the entire compilation was titled ''Maut Ki Yaad'' (Remembrance of Death).{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=224}}

== Spirituality ==
=== Urdu ===
* '''''Shajra Chishtiya Sabriya''''': A book on the spiritual lineage of the [[Chishti Order|Chishtiya]]–Sabriya order.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=65}}
* '''''Shariah o Tariqah ka Talaazim:''''' Khandlawi has established in this treatise that the integration of [[Sharia]] (Islamic law) and [[Tariqa]] (spiritual path) is not separate but rather an inseparable part. This collection of articles emphasizes the importance, connection, and unity of Sharia and Tariqa, highlighting their necessity. Khandlawi arranged this treatise in 1978 with the purpose of discussing every subject and topic related to Sharia and Tariqa.{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=219}}
* '''''Nasabat o Ijazah:''''' Khandlawi has mentioned in this book the necessary guidance and advice regarding permissions and succession from the spiritual mentors. It also includes a mention of the dangers and concerns associated with this relationship.{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=219}}

== Grammar ==
=== Urdu ===
* '''''Sharh Alfiyah''''': It was written by Khandlawi during his student life. The first part is a detailed commentary, while the remaining two are concise.{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=232}}

== Criticism ==
=== Urdu ===
* '''''Fitna-e-Maudoodiyat:''''' There were several differences between the scholars of Deoband and the late [[Abul A'la Maududi]]. The book highlighting these differences, under consideration, is a series that was written between 1952 and 1975. In 1994, for the first time, a publication in the form of a booklet was published under the name of ''Fitna-e-Maudoodiyat''.{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=220}}
* '''''Mashriqi ka Islam:''''' It is a study of the thoughts of [[Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi]], the leader of the [[Khaksar movement]].{{Sfn|Chaudhary|1992|p=240}}
* '''''Mutalia-e-Qadianiyat:''''' A critical book on [[Ahmadiyya]] beliefs.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=66}}
* '''''Al-I'tidaal fi Maratib al-Rijal:''''' Kandhlawi authored this book in response to the questions posed by a concerned man who sympathized with the interests of the Indian community before the Indian independence movement and was confused about the differences among Indian scholars regarding the [[Partition of India]].{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=182}}
* '''''Tablighi Jamaat par Aitrazaat ke Jawabaat:''''' His intention in composing this book was to answer the objections that had begun in the time of the late [[Ilyas Kandhlawi]] and his [[Tablighi Jamaat]]. People started inquiring about Tablighi Jamaat – the work of calling and preaching – and whenever someone asked him about the truth of this effort, he would answer them. And when the objections increased, he decided to gather all those questions together and add his answers to them. He compiled the questions of the objectors regarding the work of calling and preaching and their corresponding answers into a single book.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=185}}

== Compilation ==
=== Arabic ===
* '''''Fara'id Husayni''''': [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]] and [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi]] used to talk frequently about religious matters, and when the opportunity arose, Khandlawi had the chance to be with them and take notes of their discussions. From these conversations, he authored his book ''Fara'id Husayni''.{{Sfn|Maliq|2001|p=171}}

== Supervision ==
* '''''Al-Hallu al-Mufhim sharh Sahih Muslim''''': The portion of [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi]]'s series of hadith commentaries related to ''Sahih Muslim'' was published under his supervision with the marginal notes of his son-in-law Muhammed Aqil Saharanpuri.<ref name=":tdv">{{TDV Encyclopedia of Islam|article=KANDEHLEVÎ, Muhammed Zekeriyyâ|last=Özşenel|first=Mehmet}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Khatoon |first=Aaisha |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364027 |title=Aazadi ke Baad Hindustan ki Khidmaat e Hadith |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2017 |location=India |language=urdu |type=PhD |hdl=10603/364027 |pages=128–129 |access-date=2023-10-24 |archive-date=2023-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024064943/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364027 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''''Al-Fayd al-Sama'i 'ala Sunan al-Nasa'i''''': He also supervised the publication of this book, a commentary on ''Sunan an-Nasa'i''.<ref name=":tdv" />
* '''''In'am al-Bari fi Sharh Ash'ar al-Bukhari''''': A Commentary on ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' by [[Ashiq Ilahi Bulandshahri]].<ref name=":Taqi">{{Cite thesis |last=Taqi |first=Muhammad Rizwan |title=A research study of the religious and academic services of Maulana Muhammad Zakaria Kandhalvi |publisher=[[University of Karachi]] |year=2005 |location=Pakistan |language=ur |degree=PhD |url=http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/8794 |access-date=13 June 2023 |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830111142/http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/8794 |url-status=live |page=134}}</ref>
* '''''Huquq al-Walidayn''''': A book on the Rights of [[Parent]]s in Islam by Ashiq Ilahi Bulandshahri.<ref name=":Taqi" />
* '''''Takmilat al-I'tidal fi Maratib al-Rijal''''': A complementary book to Zakariyya Kandhlawi's previous work, ''Al-I'tidaal fi Maratib al-Rijal'', authored by Ashiq Ilahi Bulandshahri.<ref name=":Taqi" />
* '''''Fazail Sahaba-e-Karam''''': A book on the [[Companions of Muhammad]], written by Ashiq Ilahi Bulandshahri.<ref name=":Taqi" />
* '''''Akabir ka Sulook wa Ihsan''''': A book on the spiritual path and the state of spiritual excellence and perfection of the elders, written by [[Sufi Iqbal]].<ref name=":Taqi" />
* '''''Majmua Wasiyat Imam A'zam Rahmatullah 'Alayh''''': A book authored by Ashiq Ilahi Bulandshahri.<ref name=":Taqi" />
* '''''Imam al-Amrad''''': A book authored by Sufi Iqbal.<ref name=":Taqi" />
* '''''Akabir ka Taqwa''''': A book authored by Sufi Iqbal.<ref name=":Taqi" />
* '''''Saqaltah al-Qulub''''': A book authored by Sufi Iqbal.<ref name=":Taqi" />
* '''''Ibtidai Adhkar wa Shughal Baraye Mutrasileen''''': A book authored by Sufi Iqbal.<ref name=":Taqi" />
* '''''Fayz-e-Sheikh Rahmatullah 'Alayh''''': It is a compilation of three booklets: ''The Importance of Remembrance in Invitation and Preaching, An Important Letter by Zakariyya Kandhlawi about the Significance of Itikaf, and An Advice and Motivational Letter by Sufi Iqbal''.<ref name=":Taqi" />
* '''''Shajarat-e-Naqshbandiyah Imdadiyah ma'a Tariqah Dhikr Baraye Mutawassileen''''': The initial four pages of this booklet were written by Zakariyya Kandhlawi himself, and for the completion of the rest, Sufi Iqbal was guided.<ref name=":Taqi" />

== See also ==
* [[Bibliography of Zakariyya Kandhlawi]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [[iarchive:Maktaba-Maulana-Zakariyya-Kandhalvi-ra|Works of Zakariyya Kandhlawi]] at [[Internet Archive]]
{{Zakariyya Kandhlawi}}

[[Category:Zakariyya Kandhlawi]]
[[Category:Lists of books]]
[[Category:Works by Deobandis]]
[[Category:Bibliographies of Indian writers]]

Pramod Gopalrao Gaikwad

2026-03-15T03:54:00Z

JessDudley8515: created first bio w/ sources

{{Orphan|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pramod Gopalrao Gaikwad
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1973
| birth_place = [[Nashik]], Maharashtra, India
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Social worker
| organization = Social Networking Forum (SNF)
}}

'''Pramod Gopalrao Gaikwad''' (born 1973) is an Indian social worker from Maharashtra. He is the founder of the Social Networking Forum, a non-profit organization that undertakes community-based initiatives in rural and tribal areas of the state.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Botekar |first=Abhilash |date=2020-11-14 |title=Netizens light up Diwali for students in tribal areas, gift them books & stationery |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/netizens-light-up-diwali-for-students-in-tribal-areas-gift-them-books-stationery/articleshow/79213766.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Gaikwad is the recipient of the [[Government of Maharashtra]]'s Adivasi Sevak Puraskar<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-05-06 |title=आदिवासी भागातील जनतेने बिनधास्त घ्यावी कोरोना लस |url=https://www.lokmat.com/nashik/people-tribal-areas-should-take-corona-vaccine-without-hesitation-a687/ |access-date= |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref> and was recognized as a Water Hero by the [[Ministry of Jal Shakti]] in 2020.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |date=December 23, 2020 |title=Winner Announcement Of Water Heroes Share Your Story Contest For October Month |url=https://blog.mygov.in/winner-announcement-of-water-heroes-share-your-story-contest-for-october-month/ |access-date= |website=[[MyGov.in]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Gaikwad was born in Gosrane village, Kalwan taluka, [[Nashik district]], Maharashtra. He is the son of Gopalrao and Rajani Gaikwad, both of whom were government school teachers.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=देशपांडे |first=प्रवर |date=3 October 2018 |title=सूर समाजमाध्यमांचा, ध्यास समाजकार्याचा... |url=https://www.mahamtb.com/Encyc/2018/10/3/Article-on-work-of-pramod-gaikwad.html |access-date= |website=Mumbai Tarun Bharat: Marathi News |language=mr}}</ref>

He received his primary education at Zilla Parishad schools in rural Nashik before attending the Government Public School (''Shaskiy Vidya Niketan'') in Dhule. He later attended the Services Preparatory Institute (SPI) in Aurangabad. Gaikwad completed a [[Bachelor of Science]] in Physics from the Arts, Science & Commerce College, Satana, and subsequently earned a [[Master of Business Administration]] (MBA) in Finance from the PIRENS Institute of Business Management, Loni.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Attri |first=M. |date=2025-08-21 |title=How One Man's Facebook Movement Uplifted Thousands In Maharashtra's Tribal Belts |url=https://news.abplive.com/states/maharashtra/how-one-man-s-facebook-movement-uplifted-thousands-in-maharashtra-s-tribal-belts-1795910 |access-date=2025-10-07 |website=ABP Live |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Gaikwad began community development work in 2007, initially supporting educational programs in tribal schools.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-29 |title=The man who turned social media into a tool for tribal empowerment |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/features/the-man-who-turned-social-media-into-a-tool-for-tribal-empowerment-1503478473.html |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref> In 2010, he began addressing water scarcity and rural development in the tribal regions of Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-24 |title=अकरा आदिवासी गावे श्रमदानातून झाली पाणीटंचाई मुक्त |url=https://www.lokmat.com/nashik/eleven-tribal-villages-were-relieved-work-water-shortage-free/ |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022 |title=25 गावे टँकरमुक्त, 15 वाचनालयांची स्थापना; अजून बरेच काही: सोशल नेटवर्कींगचे प्रमोद गायकवाड ठरले 'आउटस्टँडींग सिटीझन' |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/local/maharashtra/nashik/news/25-villages-made-tanker-free-15-libraries-established-much-more-social-networking-forums-pramod-gaikwad-named-outstanding-citizen-130039631.html |work=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref>

=== Social Networking Forum (SNF) ===
In 2010, Gaikwad established the Social Networking Forum (SNF),<ref>{{Cite web |last=सकाळवृत्तसेवा |date=2017-06-20 |title=सोशल नेटवर्किंग फोरमच्या जल अभियानात सातवे गाव टॅंकरमुक्त |url=https://www.esakal.com/uttar-maharashtra/nashik-news-social-networking-53884 |access-date=2025-10-07 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=Mr}}</ref> which originated as an online platform for coordinating rural development projects.<ref name=":22">{{Cite news |date=2025-09-24 |title=How one social activist's social media movement brought water revolution in tribal Maharashtra |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/how-one-social-activists-social-media-movement-brought-water-revolution-in-tribal-maharashtra/articleshow/124094063.cms?from=mdr |access-date= |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> The organization was formally registered as a non-profit entity in 2014.<ref name=":02" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Deshpande |first=Chaitanya |date=2017-04-16 |title=Social media takes stance in solving Malegaon's water problem |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/social-media-takes-stance-in-solving-malegaons-water-problem/articleshow/58200557.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Library movement ===
In January 2020, Gaikwad launched the Library Movement in Savarne, Nashik district.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chitra |date=2024-04-12 |title=Nashik: Rural Library Initiative Aims to Empower Tribal Students Amid Educational Challenges - www.lokmattimes.com |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/maharashtra/nashik-rural-library-initiative-aims-to-empower-tribal-students-amid-educational-challenges-a505/ |access-date= |website=[[Lokmat Times]] |language=en}}</ref> The initiative involves the conversion of unused community spaces into study centers for rural students. By September 2025, the program had established 29 libraries in tribal villages, providing resources for competitive examination preparation and general literacy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2025 |title=Library Movement Expands Access To Education In Nashik's Tribal Villages |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/education/library-movement-expands-access-to-education-in-nashiks-tribal-villages-10269727 |access-date= |website=www.thedailyjagran.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kanhaiya Dwivedi |first=Sujata |date=September 26, 2025 |title=Library Movement Boosts Education in Nashik's Tribal Villages |url=https://www.ndtv.com/cities/library-movement-boosts-education-in-nashiks-tribal-villages-9348546 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250926093646/https://www.ndtv.com/cities/library-movement-boosts-education-in-nashiks-tribal-villages-9348546 |archive-date=2025-09-26 |access-date= |work=NDTV |language=en}}</ref>

=== Water security and rural development ===
As of August 2025, the SNF has implemented water infrastructure projects in 35 villages across the Nashik, Nandurbar, and Thane districts. These projects, funded through a combination of community contributions and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) grants, provide water access to an estimated 60,000 residents.<ref name=":22" />

== Award and recognition ==
* '''2015:''' Global CSR Award presented at the World CSR Day congress.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-02-20 |title=प्रमोद गायकवाड यांना आंतरराष्ट्रीय पुरस्कार - Marathi News {{!}} Pramod Gaikwad Gets International Award - Latest Maharashtra News at Loksatta.com |url=https://www.loksatta.com/maharashtra/pramod-gaikwad-gets-international-award-1073567/ |access-date= |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
* '''2017:''' Adivasi Sevak Puraskar, a state-level honor awarded by the [[Government of Maharashtra]] for the contributions in tribal development.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":32"/>
* '''2018:''' Keshav Srushti Award in recognition of social work initiatives.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2018 |title=प्रमोद गायकवाड यांना केशवसृष्टी पुरस्कार |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/maharashtra/mumbai-news/keshavsrishna-award-for-pramod-gaikwad/articleshow/65759235.cms |access-date= |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}</ref>
* '''2020:''' Water Hero designation, awarded by the [[Ministry of Jal Shakti]] as part of the "Water Heroes: Share Your Stories" contest.<ref name=":42"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gaikwad, Pramod Gopalrao}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:People from Nashik]]

Sreebala K. Menon

2026-03-12T11:16:02Z

JessDudley8515: small improve page per sources also for clarity

{{Short description|Indian film director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sreebala K Menon
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| education = [[C-DIT]], [[Trivandrum]]
| occupation = {{unbulleted list|Filmmaker}}
Author
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works = 19, Canal Road Slyviaplathinte Master Piece Panthibhojanam (short film) [[Love 24x7]] (feature film)
}}

'''Sreebala K. Menon''' is a [[Malayali]] author and filmmaker who won the 2005 [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]] - 'Best Humor writing' for her book ''19, Canal Road''. She has published a collection of short stories named 'Slyviaplathinte Masterpiece' by [[Mathrubhumi|Mathrubhumi Books]]. ''[[Love 24x7]]'' was her debut movie in Malayalam, in which she won her [[Kerala State Film Awards|Kerala State Film Award]] and Ramu Kariat Award. (Best debutant director 2015)<ref name="kerala.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.kerala.com/malayalamcinema/news_sreebala-k-menon-turns-independent-director.htm|title=Malayalam cinema, Kerala cinema, Malayalam cinema news|work=[[Kerala]].com|accessdate=4 April 2015}}</ref><ref name=hindu>{{cite news|last1=Cheerath|first1=Bhawani|title=Winning an award for her wit|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article3217731.ece|accessdate=4 April 2015|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=7 April 2006}}</ref> She is married to Jimmy James, Executive Editor at [[Media One]].

==Education==
Sreebala has done her post-graduation in English literature from Madras University. She got trained in science and development communication at [[C-DIT]], [[Trivandrum]].<ref name="hindu" />

==Film career==
Sreebala K. menon has directed the film ''[[Love 24x7]]'', Starring [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]] and debutante [[Nikhila Vimal]] in lead roles while [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]], [[Sashi Kumar]], [[Lenaa|Lena]] and [[Sreenivasan]] plays the supporting roles. ''Love 24x7'' is a romantic comedy film written by Sreebala herself. The movie won her Kerala State Film Award and Ramu Kariat Award for the Best Debutant Director 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Charlie' Dominates Kerala State Film Awards 2015 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2016/mar/01/charlie-dominates-kerala-state-film-awards-2015-898473.html |access-date=2023-08-20 |website=The New Indian Express|date=March 2016 }}</ref>

Sreebala's 20-minute short film in 2009 ''Panthibhojanam'', received good reviews for its take on caste.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/food-for-thought/article788772.ece|title=Food for thought|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=7 January 2010 |accessdate=4 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/article222692.ece?service=print|title=Her take on caste and more|work=[[New Indian Express]]|accessdate=4 April 2015|archive-date=22 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222211814/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/article222692.ece?service=print|url-status=dead}}</ref> The theme of the film draws on different ideas of food; shared food between friends, food that is untouchable for one caste, but a delicacy for another, and the food of the community feast that can be collectively cooked and eaten. Her short film ''Journey from Darkness to Light'' won third prize at the Ability Fest 2005.<ref>[http://www.abilityfoundation.org/ability_fest_video_gallery.html# Prize Winning Films – Ability Fest 2005]</ref><ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite news|last1=Indo-Asian News Service|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service|title=One-minute films on disability win accolades|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/artsandentertainment/one-minute-films-on-disability-win-accolades/article1-34304.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425123012/http://www.hindustantimes.com/artsandentertainment/one-minute-films-on-disability-win-accolades/article1-34304.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 April 2015|accessdate=4 April 2015|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=13 July 2005}}</ref> Menon worked with director [[Sathyan Anthikad]] on many movies.

==Controversy==
On 28 April 2004, Sreebala approached the State Women's Commission (SWC) against the residents' association office-bearers of her flat complex, alleging that they have been intruding into her personal life to the point of harassment. The complaint was filed jointly by the owner of the flat, Dr. J. Devika, a researcher at the Centre for Development Studies and Ms. Menon to whom she had let out the flat.<ref>{{cite web|last1=staff|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/04/29/stories/2004042913180300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040623013511/http://www.hindu.com/2004/04/29/stories/2004042913180300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 June 2004|title= Woman complaints against residents' association office-bearers|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=29 April 2004|accessdate=4 April 2015}}</ref> Since she was single woman, visitors to her flat were asked to jot down their names in a book, which she considered to be a breach of her privacy.

This incident sparked off a debate on the right to privacy of the tenant and the problems faced by working women when they search for accommodation. V. Shantaram, director, State Women's Commission, said on the issue that "We shall initiate appropriate action. The Constitution also provides special protection to women and any sort of physical or verbal harassment can be brought to the notice of the police officials. No woman should tolerate such unfair treatment."<ref>{{cite web|last1=staff|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/06/28/stories/2004062801510100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040830024118/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/06/28/stories/2004062801510100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 August 2004|title=Single and OUT!|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 June 2004|accessdate=4 April 2015}}</ref>

==Filmography==
* ''Journey from Darkness to Light'' (2005) – Short Film
* ''Panthibhojanam'' (2009) – Short Film
* ''[[Love 24x7]]'' (2015) – Debut Film

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|2464185}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Menon, Sreebala k}}
[[Category:Film directors from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:Indian women film directors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Women writers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian women screenwriters]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]

Ganga Kishore Bhattacharya

2026-03-04T01:28:11Z

JessDudley8515: fix

{{Short description|Indian editor, printer, and pioneer of Bengali print and journalism}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
'''Gangadhar Bhattacharya''' (died 1831) was an [[Indian people|Indian]] editor and printer, and pioneer of [[Bengali language|Bengali]] print and journalism. He was born in Bahar village, near [[Serampore]], [[Bengal]]. He started his career as a compositor at the [[Serampore Mission Press]], later moving to [[Calcutta]], where he first worked at the Ferris and Company Press before setting up his own, the Bengali Printing Press, along with his business partner, [[Harishchandra Ray]].

Having established a press, he started his own business specifically for publishing and selling Bengali books, something he had himself previously trialed at Ferris. Serampore's ''[[Samachar Darpan]]'' wrote highly of him. Apart from the few books he wrote, he published ''Gangabhaktitarangini'', ''Lakshmicharitra'', ''Betal Panchabingshati'', ''Chanakya Sloka'' and a collaborative work by [[Lallu Lal]] and [[Ram Mohan Roy]].

=='' Bangal Gezette''==
Apart from establishing the first Bengali book business, Bhattacharya and Roy also established the first Indian-produced newspaper, ''[[Bangal Gezette]]'' at Chorbagan Street (present Amar Basu Sarani), [[Calcutta]]. The ''[[Sambad Prabhakar]]'', and thence [[James Long (Anglican priest)|James Long]], P. N. Bose<ref>Bose, P. N. and Moreno, H. W. B. (1920) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.174330#page/n6/ A Hundred Years of the Bengali Press]. Note Bhattacharya is identified as "Gangadhar" in this work.</ref> and Swaminath Natarajan have all claimed that ''[[Bangal Gezette]]'' began publication in 1816, and thus that Indian journalism commenced exclusively at the initiative of natives, rather than outsiders. However, no copies come down to us to confirm this. What is recorded is Harachandra Roy's notice (dated 12 May 1818) in the ''Government Gazette'' of 14 May 1818 that: "he intends to publish a {{sm|Weekly Bengal Gazette}}, to comprise the Translation of Civil Appointments, Government Notifications, and such other Local Matter, as may be deemed interesting to the Reader, into a plain, concise and correct Bengalee Language..." The Serampore ''[[Samachar Darpan]]'' came out on 23 May. ''Bangal Gezette'' is said to have appeared "within a fortnight" of this date,<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5jMpAAAAYAAJ The Friend of India]'', No. 1, September 1820, p. 123.</ref> and is also referred to as having republished Ram Mohan Roy's writings against [[Sati (practice)|sati]].<ref>''[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.530483/2015.530483.asiatic-journal#page/n75/ The Asiatic Journal]'', July 1819, Vol. 8, p. 69.</ref>

==Works==
Bhattacharya is the author of various works:

'''A Grammar in English and Bengalee Language''' (1816) – Published at the ''Ferris and Co. Press''. It contained what was necessary for knowledge of the English language, along with a translation. It was basically an English grammar in Bengali. It was published in a simple language for rousing interest among fickle-minded students. In the same year, another English grammar was published in Bengali called the ''English Darpan'', by Ramachandra Roy. He was the assistant pundit in the Bengali department of Fort William College.

'''Daybhag''' (1816–17) – In 1816, in the introduction to English grammar, Ganga Kishore mentions that ''Daybhag'' was in the process of completion at the printing press of ''Ferris and Co.'' In his introduction to ''Vyavastha Darpan'' in 1859, Shyamacharan Sharma-Sarkar wrote that it was one of the best religious books ever written in Bengali. It talks about the three procedures of liability, period of religious impurity and expiation in brief.

'''Chikitsarnab''' (1820) – One of the khandas of the ''Chikitsarnab'' was in the library of Radhakanta Deb. Later on it was reprinted from Battala.

'''Drabyagun''' (1828) – Drabyagun was reprinted from Battala in 1868.

Among his edited works are:

'''[[Annada Mangal]]''' (1816) – Bharatchandra's ''Annadamangal'' included the Tales of Biddyah and Sunder, to which was added the Memoirs of Rajah Pratapaditya. It was printed from the Press of ''Ferris and Co.'' in Calcutta. It was the first known illustrated work in Bengali. It was embellished with line-engraving and had six pictures. The blocks used to make the pictures were prepared by Ramchand Roy, who was probably related to Harachandra Roy.

'''Bhagbadgita''' – He published the annotated version of the ''Bhagbadgita''. It first came out in 1820. The second edition was published in 1824, a khanda of which is in the [[Bangiya Sahitya Parishad]] Library.

==See also==
* [[Print media in India]]
* [[Early phase of printing in Calcutta]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

2. Brajendranath Bandyopadhyay, published by Sri Madanmohan Kumar, edited by [[Vangiya Sahitya Parishad]] 6th (ed).

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhattacharya, Gangakishore}}
[[Category:19th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Indian publishers (people)]]
[[Category:Indian printers]]
[[Category:1831 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:People from the Bengal Presidency]]

Mayookham

2026-03-03T21:36:22Z

JessDudley8515: further refine references per sources further and updated info for clarity

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mayookham
| caption =
| director = [[T. Hariharan]]
| producer =
| writer = T. Hariharan
| starring = [[Saiju Kurup]] [[Mamta Mohandas]]
| music = [[Bombay Ravi]]
| cinematography = [[Ramachandra Babu]]
| editing = [[B. Lenin]], [[V. T. Vijayan]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2005|11|11}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Mayookham''''' is a 2005 [[Malayalam]] film directed by [[T. Hariharan]]. It stars [[Saiju Kurup]] and [[Mamta Mohandas]] in the lead roles. It was their debut movie and also the last Malayalam film for late [[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha Menon]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sify.com/movies/mayookham-review-malayalam-pclvN7abaibbh.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512002748/https://www.sify.com/movies/mayookham-review-malayalam-pclvN7abaibbh.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 May 2022 | title=Mayookham | website=[[Sify]] }}</ref>

==Plot==
Unni Kesavan and Indira are childhood friends. Indira goes to the US with her father, a doctor, and comes back after several years to their family house. She meets Unni and is shocked to see him as a rebel, which contrasts his Brahminic upbringing. She tries to help him by supporting and giving him a new lease of life and slowly love blossoms between the two. Indira becomes the light in Unni's life and she motivates him to turn responsible. But fate plays dirty as Indira is terminally ill and goes back for treatment.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220913224212/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/good-cinema-will-survive/article28586593.ece</ref>

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Saiju Kurup]] as Unni Kesavan
* [[Mamta Mohandas]] as Indira Balakrishnan
* [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]] as Dr. Balakrishnan, Indira's father
* [[Nedumudi Venu]] as Keshavan Namboothiri, Unni's Father
* Vandana Menon as Nalini
* [[Mithra Kurian]] as Lathika, Unni's Sister
* [[Sreejith Ravi]] as Damu, Unni's Friend
* Vishal Menon as Chandu, Unni's friend
* Vineeth
* Roshan Bijili
* Jawad Hassan
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Raghu
* [[Kalabhavan Mani]] as Jayakrishnan
* [[Indrans]] as Mohanan
* [[Babu Namboothiri]] as Swaminathan
* [[Thilakan]]
* Jagannadhan
* Ridhya
* Sreedevi Unni
* Sujatha as Devaki
* Aparna Nair
* Althara
* Girija Surendran<ref name=malayalasangeetham.info>[https://msidb.org/m.php?344 മയൂഖം (2005)]</ref>
}}

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack of this movie was composed by [[Bombay Ravi]] to the lyrics written by [[Mankombu Gopalakrishnan]] and [[T. Hariharan]]. This was the last Malayalam movie to be composed by [[Bombay Ravi]].
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! # !! Title !! Singer(s) !! Other notes(s)!! Raga(s)
|-
| 1 || "Bhagavathikkaavil" || [[M. G. Sreekumar]] || '''Lyrics:''' Mankombu Gopalakrishnan || [[Mohanam]]
|-
| 2 || "Chuvarillaathe" || [[P. Jayachandran]] || '''Lyrics:''' [[T. Hariharan]] || [[Mohanam]]
|-
| 3 || "Kaattinu Sugandham" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || '''Lyrics:''' Mankombu Gopalakrishnan || Hindolam
|-
| 4 || "Ee Puzhayum" || [[K. S. Chitra]] || '''Lyrics:''' Mankombu Gopalakrishnan || [[Udayaravichandrika]]
|-
| 5 || "Ee Puzhayum" || Chandrashekhar || '''Lyrics:''' Mankombu Gopalakrishnan || [[Udayaravichandrika]]
|-
| 6 || "Dhanumaasappulari" || [[Sujatha Mohan]] || '''Lyrics:''' [[T. Hariharan]] || [[Hindolam|Aarabhi]]
|-
| 7 || "Tha Geha Krithya" || Vijitha || '''Lyrics:''' ''Traditional'' Taken from [[Narayaneeyam]]|| [[Mohanam]]
|}<ref name=malayalasangeetham.info/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0463600|Mayookham}}
{{Hariharan (director)}}

[[Category:2005 films]]
[[Category:2005 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Hariharan]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kannur]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ravi]]

{{2000s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Yatheem

2026-03-03T20:56:44Z

JessDudley8515: minor edit

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Yatheem
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[M. Krishnan Nair (director)|M. Krishnan Nair]]
| producer = T. E. Vasudevan
| writer = [[Moidu Padiyath]]
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Sheela]] [[K. P. Ummer]] [[Sudheer (Malayalam actor)|Sudheer]] [[Vidhubala]] [[Adoor Bhasi]] [[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]] [[Kottayam Santha]]
| music = [[M. S. Baburaj]] [[P. Bhaskaran]] (lyrics)
| cinematography = [[N.Karthikeyan]]
| editing =
| studio = Jaijaya Combines
| distributor = Jaya Maruthi
| released = {{Film date|1977|09|14|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Yatheem''''' is a 1977 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film, scripted by [[Moidu Padiyath]] directed by [[M. Krishnan Nair (director)|M. Krishnan Nair]] and produced by T. E. Vasudevan. The film stars [[Sheela]], [[K. P. Ummer]], [[Sudheer (Malayalam actor)|Sudheer]], [[Vidhubala]], [[Adoor Bhasi]], [[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]] and [[Kottayam Santha]]. The film has musical score by [[M. S. Baburaj]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=749|title=Yatheem|access-date=2014-10-08|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?2082|title=Yatheem|access-date=2014-10-08|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info|archive-date=13 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013115227/http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?2082|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/yatheem-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014014147/http://spicyonion.com/title/yatheem-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=14 October 2014|title=Yatheem|access-date=2014-10-08|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==

*[[Sheela]]
*[[K. P. Ummer]]
*[[Sudheer (Malayalam actor)|Sudheer]]
*[[Vidhubala]] as Zainaba
*[[Ravikumar (actor)|Ravikumar]] as Siddhique
*[[Sathaar]] as Azees
*[[Unnimary]]
*[[Bahadoor]]
*[[Adoor Bhasi]]
*[[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]]
*[[Kottayam Santha]]
*Prameela
*[[Sankaradi]]
*Sreemoolanagaram Vijayan
*[[Nilambur Balan]]
*[[Khadeeja (actress)|Khadeeja]]
*Kunjava
*[[Nellikode Bhaskaran]] as Sakkath Mammad
*[[Pala Thankam]]
*[[Paravoor Bharathan]] as Hameed
*[[Philomina]]
*[[Santha Devi]]
*[[Vanchiyoor Radha]]

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[MS Baburaj]] and the lyrics were written by [[P. Bhaskaran]].
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Allaavin Kaarunyamillenkil" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[P. Bhaskaran]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Innukaanum Ponkinakkal" || [[Ambili (singer)|Ambili]] || P. Bhaskaran ||
|-
| 3 || "Maanathu Sandhya" || [[S. Janaki]], Chorus || P. Bhaskaran ||
|-
| 4 || "Manippiraave Ninte Kalithozhaninnu" || [[Vani Jairam]], [[L. R. Eeswari]] || P. Bhaskaran ||
|-
| 5 || "Neelamegha Maalikayil" || [[P. Jayachandran]] || P. Bhaskaran ||
|-
| 6 || "Pandu Pandoru Paadusha" || [[P. Susheela]] || P. Bhaskaran ||
|-
| 7 || "Pandu Pandoru Paadusha" (Bit) || P. Susheela || P. Bhaskaran ||
|-
| 8 || "Thankavarnappattudutha" || L. R. Eeswari, Chorus || P. Bhaskaran ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0320778|Yatheem}}

[[Category:1977 films]]
[[Category:1977 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1977 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Baburaj]]
[[Category:Films directed by M. Krishnan Nair]]

{{1970s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Njanum Ente Familiyum

2026-03-03T20:49:12Z

JessDudley8515: add intro as per guidelines and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Njanum Ente Familiyum
| image = Njanum_ente_Familiyum.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[K. K. Rajeev]]
| producer = G. P. Vijayakumar
| writer = [[Cheriyan Kalpakavadi]]
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| starring = [[Jayaram]] [[Mamta Mohandas]]
| narrator =
| music = '''Songs:''' [[M. G. Sreekumar]] '''Background score:''' Ronnie Raphael
| cinematography = [[Vaidy S| Vaidy S. Pillai]]
| editing =
| studio = Seven Arts
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2012|2|4}}
| runtime = 160 min
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = 
| gross = 

}}
'''''Njanum Ente Familiyum''''' ({{translation|Me and my family}}) is a 2012 Malayalam [[family drama film]] directed by [[K. K. Rajeev]] and starring [[Jayaram]] and [[Mamta Mohandas]] in the lead roles. Written by Cheriyan Kalpakavadi, it is the first [[feature film]] by television serial director K. K. Rajeev. The film examines the problems in a doctor's family and is told in a humorous way. It was shot from the locales of [[Palakkad]] and [[Munnar]] in [[Kerala]] and [[Pollachi]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>[http://veekshanam.com/content/view/14986/39/ "വ്യത്യസ്ത കുടുംബചിത്രവുമായി കെ.കെ രാജീവ്"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423074730/http://veekshanam.com/content/view/14986/39/ |date=23 April 2012 }}. (in Malayalam). ''Veekshanam''. Retrieved 2012-01-04.</ref>

==Plot==
The film starts with Dr. Dinanathan and his family leaving for a vacation. But midway they get a call from the hospital due to an emergency surgery and he has to come back to the hospital. All goes well and Dinanathan is called to [[Chennai]] for surgery. It turns out to be his ex-lover Sophia's husband who dies in spite of the successful surgery. He sends a letter to Dinanathan telling him to take care of Sophia. From there, the story goes to complicated situations which result in the birth of Dinanathan's child from Sophia, her death due to a careless mistake, and Dinanathan taking the baby into his own family.

==Cast==
* [[Jayaram]] as Dr. Dinanathan
* [[Mamta Mohandas]] as Dr. Priya
* [[Mythili]] as Sophia
* [[Manoj K. Jayan]] as John Paileykunnel
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Dr. Easwarmoorthy
* [[Mallika Sukumaran]] as Jaininte
* [[Nedumudi Venu]]
* [[Esther Anil|Baby Esther Anil]] as Dinanathan's daughter
* [[Surabhi Lakshmi]] as Clara
*[[Subi Suresh]] as Ammalu
*

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|2241367}}

[[Category:2012 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2012 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Munnar]]
[[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]]
[[Category:Films shot in Pollachi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Coimbatore]]
[[Category:2012 drama films]]

{{2010s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Rekha (2023 film)

2026-03-03T09:38:21Z

JessDudley8515: created basic data more to come...

{{Short description|2023 Malayalam Film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Rekha
| image = Rekha Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Jithin Issac Thomas
| writer = Jithin Issac Thomas
| story = Jithin Issac Thomas.
| producer = Kaarthekeyen Santhanam
| starring = [[Vincy Aloshious]] Unni Lalu
| cinematography = Abraham Joseph
| editing = Rohit V. S. Variyath
| music = {{Unbulleted_list|The Escape Medium|Milan V. S.|Nikhil V.}}
| studio = [[Stone Bench Creations]]
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|02|10}}
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam]]
}}
'''''Rekha''''' is a [[List of Malayalam films of 2023|2023]] Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language [[thriller drama film]]. It is written and directed by Jithin Issac Thomas. It features [[Vincy Aloshious]] in titular lead role with, [[Unni Lalu]], Premalatha Thayineri, Rajesh Azhikkodan, Prathapan K. S. and Vishnu Govindan in supporting roles. It released on 10 February 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |title=RekhaUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-details/rekha/movieshow/97244403.cms |access-date=2023-03-24 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324180550/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-details/rekha/movieshow/97244403.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>[[Vincy Aloshious]] won [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress]] at [[54th Kerala State Film Awards]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2023/07/21/kerala-state-film-awards-2022-winners-list.html|title='ന്നാ താൻ കേസ് കൊട്' ജനപ്രിയചിത്രം, ഷാഹി കബീർ മികച്ച സംവിധായകൻ: ചലച്ചിത്ര അവാർഡ് പ്രഖ്യാപിക്കുന്നു - Kerala Film Awards | date=21 July 2023 |access-date=21 July 2023 |work=Manorma Online News}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=August 2023}}
Rekha, a young woman in a small town, lives with her parents and has finished her sports school and is preparing for her PSC exams. Rekha is dating Arjun, who works at his father's neighborhood shop. On Arjun's birthday, Arjun texts and video calls her, asking her to stay on the call with his intention of self pleasuring. Rekha tries to go outside to take the phone call, not to wake her family, sees her father is sleeping on the patio because of the hot summer. Arjun sneaks into her house and brings her snacks from the shop. He kisses her and they consummate their relationship. Arjun mentions Rekha's dead puppy and mentions how if the dog was alive, they could not have slept together. Rekha asks Arjun if he had caused its death and agrees to poisoning it. Arjun apologies and they sleep together again, but Rekha is weirded out by his confession.

The next morning, Rekha's mother finds Rekha's father dead on the patio. Rekha is suspicious on if Arjun was the cause of this death as well. She tries to get ahold of him after seeing his friends but not him during the funeral, but to no avail. A few days after the death, Rekha finds a cigarette bud in the front yard other than the one Arjun discarded on the night they had slept together. Rekha tries to find his contact from his employer but she learns from him that he is not in town. From his friend, Jayakrishnan, she learns that Arjun left to Kottayam after borrowing 500 Rupees from him. The friend mentions that he left town with help of his uncle, who lives in their town. Unable to sleep from the trauma, she goes to the doctor and tells him about her relationship and that she feels her father died because of her.

Rekha leaves for Ernakulam and she finds Kannan there. Kannan reveals that Arjun's father was also a pervert and inquires if Arjun misbehaved with her. Kannan invites her to his place after his shift in order to meet Arjun. While she visits Kannan, he starts behaving inappropriately with Rekha. She hits Kannan, revealing her wrestling background and breaks his nose. Kannan reveals that Arjun is not his nephew and Arjun asked for his help after his affair with an Anganwadi teacher, Savitha has been caught. Kannan calls over Arjun where Rekha confronts him about going AWOL and her fathers death. Arjun reveals that after he from Rekha's house, her father caught him and he pushed him before leaving. Rekha shares this with her friend and promises that if Arjun is lying about the events, Rekha will make him pay.

Rekha calls her mother to get the number Savitha who informs her Savitha committed suicide after her affair with a guy has been caught red-handed by her husband. Rekha contacts Jayakrishnan to enquire about the identity of the other guy but no one saw his face. She starts following Arjun around creeping him out. Arjun calls Rekha and asks her to meet him. He asks Rekha to stop following him and that he did not kill her father. She asks him about Savitha's death and that police is looking for him. He confesses that he did infact kill Rekha's father. They get into a brawl where Rekha overthrows Arjun and stabs him with his knife on his private parts. While Arjun bleeds out and Rekha deepens the wound, she asks him if he killed her father before or after sleeping with her. A flashback reveals that Arjun killed Rajendran before he slept with Rekha.

Days later, Police are in search of Arjun because of Saritha and reaches Rekha for questioning. Rekha reveals that she was in a relationship with Arjun but she did not realize how crooked he was. She reveals that she went to Ernakulam in search for him and that they met and she got her closure. Police asks her about her wounds and replies that it happened during house chores. The film ends with Police asking her for her name and her replying Rekha Rajendran

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Vincy Aloshious]] as Rekha Rajendran
* [[Unni Lalu]] as Arjun (Achu)
* Premalatha Thayineri
* Rajesh Azhikkodan as Rajan
* Prathapan K S as Kannan
* Vishnu Govindan as Dr.Usman
* Premalatha Thayineri as Bindu
* Ashik Zafiya Aboobakkar as Jayakrishnan
* Ranji Kankol as Gopalan
* Irshadali Kamal as Moosa
* Subhash Vanasree
}}

== Production ==

After the collaboration with the film ''Attention Please'' (2021) with [[Stone Bench Creations]]. Production announced second collaboration with director Jithin Issac Thomas and released the first look of the film on 14 January 2023.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Karthik Subbaraj to present Jithin Issac Thomas -Vincy Aloshious' Rekha |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/jan/14/karthik-subbaraj-to-present-jithin-issac-thomas-vincy-aloshiouss-next-titled-rekha-38772.html |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=14 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324011232/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/jan/14/karthik-subbaraj-to-present-jithin-issac-thomas-vincy-aloshiouss-next-titled-rekha-38772.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Teaser of the film was released on 23 January 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Rekha' teaser: Vincy Aloshious - Unni Lalu's crackling chemistry will keep you hooked |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/rekha-teaser-vincy-aloshious-unni-lalus-crackling-chemistry-will-keep-you-hooked/articleshow/97244746.cms |access-date=2023-03-24 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127102618/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/rekha-teaser-vincy-aloshious-unni-lalus-crackling-chemistry-will-keep-you-hooked/articleshow/97244746.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rekha {{!}} രേഖ (2023) - Mallu Release {{!}} Watch Malayalam Full Movies |url=https://www.mallurelease.com/2023/01/rekha-movie.html |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=english |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324010756/https://www.mallurelease.com/2023/01/rekha-movie.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Later the trailer was released<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jithin Issac Thomas-Vincy Aloshious's film Rekha's trailer is intriguing |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/feb/04/jithin-issac-thomas-vincy-aloshiouss-film-rekhas-trailer-is-intriguing-39634.html |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=4 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324011135/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/feb/04/jithin-issac-thomas-vincy-aloshiouss-film-rekhas-trailer-is-intriguing-39634.html |url-status=live }}</ref> with the film release date 10 February 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Rekha' starring Vincy Aloshious, Unni Lal to hit theatres on February 10 |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/rekha-starring-vincy-aloshious-unni-lal-to-hit-theatres-on-february-10-1.8294986 |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |date=9 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324011058/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/rekha-starring-vincy-aloshious-unni-lal-to-hit-theatres-on-february-10-1.8294986 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=nithya |title='ഒരു പോസ്റ്റർ പോലും ഇല്ല, ഒരു സിനിമക്കും ഈ ഗതി വരരുത്..'; വിൻസി അലോഷ്യസ് |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/vincy-aloshious-talk-about-her-movie-rekha-nrn-rpwvfl |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324011348/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/vincy-aloshious-talk-about-her-movie-rekha-nrn-rpwvfl |url-status=live }}</ref> The film [[Over-the-top media service|OTT]] rights were acquired by [[Netflix]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Vincy Aloshious' Rekha gets OTT release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/mar/02/vincy-aloshious-rekha-gets-ott-release-date-40577.html |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=2 March 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324011114/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/mar/02/vincy-aloshious-rekha-gets-ott-release-date-40577.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Release ==
The film released in theatres on 10 February 2023.<ref name=":0" /> The digital rights of the film is acquired by [[Netflix]] and started streaming from 10 March 2023.<ref name=":1" />

== Reception ==
The film received mixed responses upon release. ''[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]]'' critic wrote that " The screenplay, which keeps the audience engaged long after the film begins, at one point deviates from the direction it is traveling".<ref>{{Cite web |title=ஓடிடி திரை அலசல் {{!}} Rekha - காதல் மொழி, பழிவாங்கல் படலம், சில நெருடல்கள்! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/ott-platform/ott-review/960171-rekha-malayalam-movie-review.html |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |date=14 March 2023 |language=ta |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324011052/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/ott-platform/ott-review/960171-rekha-malayalam-movie-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Sajin Shrijith of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and stated that " ''Rekha'' is not an easy film to watch. "Appreciated the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rekha Movie Review: Vincy Aloshious soars in minimalist revenge drama |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/review/2023/feb/11/rekha-movie-review-vincy-aloshious-soars-in-minimalist-revenge-drama-39870.html |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=Cinema Express |date=11 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324010451/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/review/2023/feb/11/rekha-movie-review-vincy-aloshious-soars-in-minimalist-revenge-drama-39870.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'' critic gave a mixed review about the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=സ്ത്രീ ജിവിതത്തിന്റെ യഥാർഥ ചിത്രം, കിടിലൻ തിരക്കഥ; ത്രില്ലിങ്ങാണ് രേഖ{{!}} Review |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/reviews/rekha-malayalam-movie-review-jithin-issac-thomas-vincy-aloshious-unni-lalu-1.8298260 |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=Mathrubhumi |date=10 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324010513/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/reviews/rekha-malayalam-movie-review-jithin-issac-thomas-vincy-aloshious-unni-lalu-1.8298260 |url-status=live }}</ref> S.R.Praveen from ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that "''Rekha'' works partly as a woman's fightback against an act of injustice but ends up as an unevenly written, half-baked attempt."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=S. R. |date=2023-03-11 |title='Rekha' movie review: An uneven, half-baked female revenge drama |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rekha-movie-review-an-uneven-half-baked-female-revenge-drama/article66606936.ece |access-date=2023-03-24 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324010448/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rekha-movie-review-an-uneven-half-baked-female-revenge-drama/article66606936.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Shilpa S of ''[[OTTplay]]'' gave 3 out of 5 rating and noted that "Despite its predictable plot, what makes Rekha stand apart from run of the mill revenge dramas is the way the story is told, through its writing and direction. The well fleshed out characters are enacted brilliantly by Vincy Aloshious and Unni Lalu, who complement each other beautifully and do justice to their roles in every way."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rekha review: Vincy Aloshious, Unni Lalu elevate a formulaic revenge drama |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/rekha-review-vincy-aloshious-unni-lalu-elevate-a-formulaic-yet-absorbing-revenge-drama/72f238cc09471 |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324011052/https://www.ottplay.com/review/rekha-review-vincy-aloshious-unni-lalu-elevate-a-formulaic-yet-absorbing-revenge-drama/72f238cc09471 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Artist !! Result !! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| [[54th Kerala State Film Awards| 2023]]
| [[Kerala State Film Award]]
| [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| [[Vincy Aloshious]]
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2023/07/21/kerala-state-film-awards-2022-winners-list.html|title='ന്നാ താൻ കേസ് കൊട്' ജനപ്രിയചിത്രം, ഷാഹി കബീർ മികച്ച സംവിധായകൻ: ചലച്ചിത്ര അവാർഡ് പ്രഖ്യാപിക്കുന്നു - Kerala Film Awards | date=21 July 2023 |access-date=21 July 2023 |work=Manorma Online News}}</ref>
|-
| 2024
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Malayalam|Best Actress ({{small|Malayalam}})]]
| [[Vincy Aloshious]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/filmfare-awards-south-2024-full-winners-list-nanis-dasara-siddharths-chithha-win-big-101722757273293.html |title=Filmfare Awards South 2024 full winners list: Nani's Dasara, Siddharth's Chithha win big |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=7 August 2024}}</ref>
|}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|id=tt26260250}}

[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]

Madhu (2006 film)

2026-03-03T04:29:05Z

JessDudley8515: typo fix

{{short description|2006 film by K.Thennarasu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Madhu
| image = Madhu (2006 film).jpg
| caption = CD Cover
| director = K. Thennarasu
| writer = K. Thennarasu
| producer = 'Villupuram' Thangam Sekar
| starring = [[Jithan Ramesh]] [[Priyamani]] [[Ashish Vidyarthi]]
| cinematography = M. N. Rahim Babu
| editing = [[B. Lenin]] (Supervisor) S. Satish-J. N. Harsha
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = Golden Media
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2006|5|12|ref1=}}
| runtime = 135 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Madhu''''' is a 2006 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic drama film]] written and directed by K. Thennarasu, starring [[Jithan Ramesh]], [[Priyamani]] and [[Ashish Vidyarthi]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=5 August 2005 |title='Madhu' matters |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/madhu-matters/article28585044.ece |url-status=live |access-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210124101/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/madhu-matters/article28585044.ece |archive-date=10 February 2023}}</ref> The film was released on 12 May 2006.

==Plot==
{{More plot|date=March 2023}}
Madhukrishnan likes to roam on a bike. Mercy and Esther are friends and hostel mates. Mercy believes in Jesus and is kind to others. Esther is bold, well dressed, and teases everyone. One day, when Esther teases Madhu, he kisses her publicly. Madhu falls in love with Mercy at first sight when she rescued a puppy from the rain. Madhu often meets Mercy. He comes to the hostel and expresses his love to her, but she denies it. After examination, Mercy goes to her hometown Mahi, and Madhu follows her. Her father Siluvai owes to bring up his daughter to a good position. Madhu becomes Siluvai's favourite. Esther enters the scene with a much-changed character. Siluvai learns of their love affair, and his decision forms the rest of the story. In the end, Madhu and Mercy fall from a hill and die.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Jithan Ramesh]] as Madhukrishnan alias Madhu
*[[Priyamani]] as Mercy
*[[Ashish Vidyarthi]] as Siluvai
*[[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Madhan
*Jahnavi as Esther
*[[Rekha Harris|Rekha]] as Jennifer
*[[Seema (actress)|Seema]]
*[[Nizhalgal Ravi]]
*[[Thalaivasal Vijay]]
*[[Cell Murugan]] as Police Inspector
}}

== Production ==
Three songs were shot at [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2005 |title=Jithan Ramesh rocks in Madhu |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/News/News28/6-9-05e/tamil-movies-news-ramesh.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011042900/http://www.behindwoods.com/features/News/News28/6-9-05e/tamil-movies-news-ramesh.html |archive-date=11 October 2020 |access-date=7 October 2020 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
Soundtrack was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhu (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4PtlITBKFdOeHKTDZM7cH2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230228051440/https://open.spotify.com/album/4PtlITBKFdOeHKTDZM7cH2 |archive-date=28 February 2023 |access-date=1 March 2023 |website=[[Spotify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vettaiyaadu Vilayaadu -Madhu Tamil Film Audio CD by Harrish Jayaraj |url=https://mossymart.com/product/vettaiyaadu-vilayaadu-madhu-tamil-film-audio-cd-by-harrish-jayaraj/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301031555/https://mossymart.com/product/vettaiyaadu-vilayaadu-madhu-tamil-film-audio-cd-by-harrish-jayaraj/ |archive-date=1 March 2023 |access-date=1 March 2023 |website=Mossymart}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Song title
!Singers
!Lyricist
|-
|"Dum Irundha Munnale Vaa"
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], Naveen, [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Na. Muthukumar]]
|-
|"Ketkavillaya"
|Ilaiyaraaja, [[Manjari (Indian singer)|Manjari]]
|-
|"Indha Ulagil"
|[[Pop Shalini]]
|[[Muthulingam (poet)|Muthulingam]]
|-
|"Nilavai Sutri"
|[[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
|-
|"Immathundu Manasu"
|[[Malathy Lakshman|Malathy]], Ranjith & Chorus
|}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, "To call the venture childish would be an understatement. All said and suffered we feel sorry for 'Jithan' Ramesh and Priya Mani".<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2006 |title=Madhu |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/madhu-review-tamil-pclvUOdfifidb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230003048/http://www.sify.com/movies/madhu-review-tamil-pclvUOdfifidb.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=7 October 2020 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote, "Give this one a miss".<ref>{{Cite web |author=Sudha |first=S |date=19 May 2006 |title=''Maadhu'': A love story without romance |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/may/19maadhu.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912042911/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/may/19maadhu.htm |archive-date=12 September 2022 |access-date=12 September 2022 |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Malathi Rangarajan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "The screenplay meanders without grip, and the tale leaves you untouched because at no point do you empathise with the characters."<ref>{{cite web|first=Malathi|last=Rangarajan|work=The Hindu|title=A theme gone stale -- Madhu|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2006/05/19/stories/2006051902410200.htm|date=19 May 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070603170004/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2006/05/19/stories/2006051902410200.htm|archive-date=3 June 2007}}</ref> ''Cinesouth'' wrote, "Despite having a strong support like Ilayaraja’s music and B Lenin’s editing, the film falls short because of the weak screenplay".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhu |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/scopes/reviews/new/madhu1705.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010070026/http://www.cinesouth.com/scopes/reviews/new/madhu1705.shtml |archive-date=10 October 2006 |access-date=25 October 2023 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' wrote "It's no doubt a plot slightly different from the routine ones, but the director lets go the chance of making it a meaningful film. [..] It does keep the audience fairly engaged for a time, the suspense element 'will-they-won't-they' keeping it going. But then the films tends to lag in the second half and when it's time to bring a suitable ending to the story, it's like the director chickens out, opting for a cliff-edge (literally) climax".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2006/05madhu.asp|title=Madhu|first=Malini|last=Mannath|website=Chennai Online|date=22 May 2006|access-date=9 January 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014120258/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2006/05madhu.asp|archive-date=14 October 2006}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|4483434}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhu (Film)}}
[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ooty]]
[[Category:2006 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2006 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2006 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

West Bengal University of Health Sciences

2026-03-02T14:07:52Z

JessDudley8515: added info

{{short description|Public medical university in West Bengal, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox university
| name = West Bengal University of Health Sciences
| image = West Bengal University of Health Sciences Logo.svg
| image_upright = .8
| motto = ''Diligence leads to Excellence''
| established = {{start date and age|df=y|2003|01|01}}
| budget = {{INRConvert|145.12|c|1|lk=on}} (2026{{ndash}}27)<ref>{{cite web|date=12 February 2025 |title=Detailed Demands For Grants For 2025-26 |url=https://finance.wb.gov.in/writereaddata/Budget_Publication/2025_bp16.pdf |access-date=12 February 2025}}</ref>
| chancellor = [[Governor of West Bengal]]
| vice_chancellor = Dr. Mukul Bhattacharya<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yengkhom |first=Sumati |date=25 February 2025 |title=WBUHS gets new VC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/wbuhs-gets-new-vc-after-a-yr-and-7-mnths/articleshowprint/118563084.cms |access-date=25 February 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] Feb 25, 2025, 09.38 PM IST}}</ref>
| city = [[Kolkata]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.5916558|N|88.4123247|E|format=dms|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=title,inline}}
| type = [[Public university|Public]] [[Medical University]]
| campus = DD-36, Salt Lake, Sector-1, Kolkata-700064
| academic_affiliations = {{hlist|[[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]|[[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]}}
| free_label = Journal
| free = ''Journal of the West Bengal University of Health Sciences''<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2020 |title=Journal of the West Bengal University of Health Sciences |url=https://jwbuhs.in/ |access-date=1 January 2020 |website=jwbuhs.in/ |issn=2583-5998 |oclc=1417775636}}</ref>
| website = {{official URL}}
| logo = West Bengal University of Health Sciences logo(2).svg
|}}

'''West Bengal University of Health Sciences''' ('''WBUHS''') is a [[Public university|Public]] [[medical university]] in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. It was established in 2003 by an Act of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] for better management of the health and medical education-related courses.<ref name=act>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/14620/1/2002-13.pdf|title=Act of the West Bengal University of Health Sciences (WBUHS)|website=www.indiacode.nic.in|access-date=23 June 2021}}</ref> The main objective behind the establishment of the university was to raise the level of medical education across the state of West Bengal. Universities main mission was to affiliate, teach, and ensure systematic instruction, training, and research in various health sciences, including [[Medicine#Modern|Modern Medicine]], [[Homeopathy|Homoeopathy]], [[Ayurveda]], [[Unani medicine|Unani]], [[Nursing]], [[Pharmacy]], [[Dental degree|Dental]], and [[Paramedic]]al courses. It oversees undergraduate, postgraduate, and post-doctoral programs across these disciplines in West Bengal.

==History==
Before the establishment of the West Bengal University of Health Sciences (WBUHS), undergraduate and postgraduate level medical teaching in different state medical colleges of West Bengal was supervised by various state universities. This caused a huge disparity between different state medical colleges of West Bengal in terms of teaching and learning process, nature and standards of the evaluation, and most significantly; the recognition of the graduates from the different universities. So all the stakeholders of medical education in the state felt the need for bringing parity in the medical education system.<ref name=hist>{{cite web|url=https://wbuhs.ac.in/know-your-university/history/|title=History of the West Bengal University of Health Sciences (WBUHS)|website=www.wbuhs.ac.in|access-date=23 June 2021}}</ref>

Under these compelling circumstances, the West Bengal University of Health Sciences (WBUHS) was established under an Act of the [[West Bengal]] legislature.<ref name=act/> Finally, it became active on 1 January 2003; which is considered as the date of birth for this embodiment of higher education in the fields of medical sciences in the state.<ref name=hist/>

==Organisation and administration==
===Governance===
The [[Governor of West Bengal]] is the Chancellor of the WBUHS serving ex-officio, presides over convocations, issues directions, calls for information, and can inspect or inquire into university affairs, with powers to suspend or modify resolutions and disqualify members. The Vice-Chancellor of the West Bengal University of Health Sciences is the chief executive officer of the university, exercises Executive Council powers for management, ensures compliance with the Act and regulations, convenes meetings, and represents the university legally.

The governance structure of WBUHS is robust, balancing centralized control through state-level councils and decentralized management via local committees. This framework supports its mission to enhance health sciences education, with clear roles for policy-making, academic oversight, and financial management, ensuring accountability and efficiency.

===Affiliations===
The West Bengal University of Health Science is an affiliating university and has jurisdiction over all the medical, AYUSH, paramedical & allied health sciences, dental, nursing & pharmacy colleges of the entire state of West Bengal.Though some private med schools running under private university affiliation still it has 124 affiliated institutions under its umbrella as of now.{{When|date=January 2024}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Affiliated institutions|url=https://wbuhs.ac.in/affiliated-institutions/|access-date=23 January 2019|date=12 November 2018}}</ref>
{{Main|Category:Affiliates of West Bengal University of Health Sciences}}

==Ranking and reputation==
In September 2017, West Bengal University of Health Sciences was recognized by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], under section 12-B of the UGC Act, 1956.<ref>{{Cite web|title=University Grants Commission (India) Section 2(F) and Section 12(B) status for WBUHS|url=https://wbuhs.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/UGC_2f_12b.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411104654/https://wbuhs.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/UGC_2f_12b.pdf|archive-date=11 April 2021|access-date=22 June 2021|website=[[University Grants Commission (India)]]}}</ref>

WBUHS focusing research in [[biological sciences]], [[chemistry]], and [[health sciences]], university appears in the [[Nature Index]], which tracks high-quality scientific articles. WBUHS ranks 185 in India overall, with varying positions in subject areas like in biological sciences 53rd and in health sciences 48th.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 Feb 2025 |title=Nature Index: WBUHS Institution Outputs |url=https://www.nature.com/nature-index/institution-outputs/india/west-bengal-university-of-health-sciences-wbuhs/5139074f34d6b65e6a002400 |access-date=28 Feb 2025 |website=[[Nature Index]]}}</ref>

== Affiliated Institutions and Network ==
===Affiliated Pharmacy Colleges===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! College Name !! Location !! District !! Establishment Year !! No. Of Seats([[B.Pharm]])<ref>{{Cite web|title=Degree U/S 12 |url=https://www.pci.nic.in/approved_degree_institutes_us__12.html | access-date=2 October 2024 |website=pci.nic.in}}</ref> !! Stream
|-
|1
| [[Haldia Institute of Pharmacy]] || [[Haldia]] || [[Purba Medinipur]] || 2018 || 100 || [[Pharmacy]]
|-
|2
| Institute of Pharmacy, Jalpaiguri || [[Jalpaiguri]] || Jalpaiguri|| 2003(since B.Pharm. started offering)|| 60 || [[Pharmacy]]
|-
|}

===Affiliated private medical colleges===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! College name !! Location !! District !! Established year !! No. of Seats (MBBS)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Information Desk For Students to Study in India |url=https://www.mciindia.org/CMS/information-desk/for-students-to-study-in-india/list-of-college-teaching-mbbs |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=mciindia.org |archive-date=2 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102001435/https://www.mciindia.org/CMS/information-desk/for-students-to-study-in-india/list-of-college-teaching-mbbs |url-status=dead }}</ref> !! Stream
|-
|1
| [[KPC Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Jadavpur]] || [[Kolkata]] || 2006 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|2
| [[ICARE Institute of Medical Sciences and Research]] || [[Haldia]] || [[Purba Medinipur]] || 2011 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|3
| [[Shri Ramkrishna Institute of Medical Sciences and Sanaka Hospital]] || [[Durgapur]] || [[Paschim Bardhaman]] || 2015 || 200|| Allopathy
|-
|4
| [[Gouri Devi Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital]] || [[Durgapur]] || [[Paschim Bardhaman]] || 2016 || 150|| Allopathy
|-
|5
| [[IQ City Medical College]] || [[Durgapur]] || [[Paschim Bardhaman]] || 2016 || 150|| Allopathy
|-
|6
| [[Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital]] || [[Budge Budge]] || [[South 24 Parganas]] || 2016 || 150|| Allopathy
|-
|7
| [[Santiniketan Medical College]] || [[Santiniketan]] || [[Birbhum]] || 2021 || 150|| Allopathy
|-
|8
| JMN Medical College and Hospital || [[Chakdaha]] || [[Nadia district|Nadia]] || 2023 || 150|| Allopathy
|-
|9
| Krishnanagar Institute of Medical Sciences || [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]] || [[Nadia district|Nadia]] || 2024 || 100|| Allopathy
|-
|10
| PKG Medical College and Hospital || [[New Town, Kolkata|New Town]] || [[North 24 Parganas]] || 2025 || 50 || Allopathy
|-
|11
| East West Institute of Medical Sciences and Research || [[Burdwan]] || [[Purba Bardhaman]] || 2024 || 50|| Allopathy
|-
|12
| Jakir Hossain Medical College and Research Institute || [[Jangipur, Murshidabad|Jangipur]] || [[Murshidabad]] || 2024 || 100|| Allopathy
|-
|13
| Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital || [[Sodepur]] || [[North 24 Parganas]] || 2025 || 100|| Allopathy
|-
|14
| Raniganj Institute of Medical Sciences || [[Raniganj]] || [[Paschim Bardhaman]] || 2025 || 100|| Allopathy
|-
|}

=== Government Medical Colleges (Allopathy)===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! College name !! Location !! District !! Established year !! No. of Seats (MBBS) !! Stream
|-
|1
| [[Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata|Medical College and Hospital]] || [[College Street (Kolkata)|College Street]] || [[Kolkata]] || 1835 || 250 || Allopathy
|-
|2
| [[Nil Ratan Sarkar Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Sealdah]] || [[Kolkata]] || 1873 || 250 || Allopathy
|-
|3
| [[R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Shyambazar]] || [[Kolkata]] || 1886 || 250 || Allopathy
|-
|4
| [[Calcutta National Medical College]] || [[Beniapukur]] || [[Kolkata]] || 1948 || 250 || Allopathy
|-
|5
| [[Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Bankura]] || [[Bankura]] || 1956 || 200 || Allopathy
|-
|6
| [[IPGMER and SSKM Hospital]] || [[Kolkata]] || [[Kolkata]] || 1957 || 200 || Allopathy
|-
|7
| [[North Bengal Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Siliguri]] || [[Darjeeling]] || 1968 || 200 || Allopathy
|-
|8
| [[Burdwan Medical College]] || [[Burdwan]] || [[Purba Bardhaman]] || 1969 || 200 || Allopathy
|-
|9
| [[Midnapore Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Midnapore]] || [[Paschim Medinipur]] || 2004 || 200 || Allopathy
|-
|10
| [[College of Medicine & JNM Hospital]] || [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]] || [[Nadia]] || 2009 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|11
| [[College of Medicine & Sagore Dutta Hospital]] || [[Kamarhati]] || [[North 24 Parganas]] || 2010 || 125 || Allopathy
|-
|12
| [[Malda Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Malda, West Bengal|Malda]] || [[Malda district|Malda]] || 2011 || 125 || Allopathy
|-
|13
| [[Murshidabad Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Berhampore]] || [[Murshidabad]] || 2012 || 125 || Allopathy
|-
|14
| [[ESIC Medical College, Kolkata|ESIC Medical College]] || [[Joka, Kolkata|Joka]] || [[Kolkata]] || 2013 || 125 || Allopathy
|-
|15
| [[Maharaja Jitendra Narayan Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Coochbehar]] || [[Cooch Behar district|Coochbehar]] || 2019 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|16
| [[Diamond Harbour Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Diamond Harbour]] || [[South 24 Parganas]] || 2019 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|17
| [[Raiganj Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Raiganj]] || [[Uttar Dinajpur]] || 2019 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|18
| [[Rampurhat Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Rampurhat]] || [[Birbhum]] || 2019 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|19
| [[Deben Mahata Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Purulia]] || [[Purulia district|Purulia]] || 2020 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|20
| [[Barasat Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Barasat]] || [[North 24 Parganas]] || 2022 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|21
| [[Jalpaiguri Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Jalpaiguri]] || [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]] || 2022 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|22
| [[Jhargram Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Jhargram]] || [[Jhargram district|Jhargram]] || 2022 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|23
| [[Prafulla Chandra Sen Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Arambagh]] || [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] || 2022 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|24
| [[Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Uluberia]] || [[Howrah]] || 2022 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|25
| [[Tamralipto Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Tamluk]] || [[Purba Medinipur]] || 2022 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Education in West Bengal]]
* [[Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute]]
* [[List of colleges and universities in West Bengal]]
* [[List of pharmacy colleges in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website}}

{{Universities in West Bengal}}
{{Colleges affiliated to West Bengal University of Health Sciences}}
{{Education in India}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:West Bengal University of Health Sciences| ]]
[[Category:Medical and health sciences universities in India]]
[[Category:Universities in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Medical colleges in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2003]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in West Bengal]]

Johan Leonhard Fix

2026-03-02T06:31:59Z

JessDudley8515: Done

{{Short description|German-Danish merchant}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Johan Leonhard Fix
|image = Johan Leonhard Fix relief.jpg
|alt=
|caption = A relief of Fix seen on his grave at [[Assistens Cemetery (Copenhagen)|Assistens Cemetery]] in [[Copenhagen]]
|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1735|12|28}}
|birth_place = [[Hanau]], [[Germany]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1807|2|2|1735|12|28}}
|death_place = [[Copenhagen]], Denmark
| resting_place = [[Assistens Cemetery (Copenhagen)|Assistens Cemetery]], Copenhagen
|spouse =
|citizenship =
|alma_mater =
| known_for =
| occupation = Merchant and [[ship-owner]]
| awards =
|signature =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Johan Leonhard Fix''' (28 December 1735 - 2 February 1807) was a German-Danish merchant who served as [[List of governors of Danish India#Governors of Frederiknagore|Governor of Frederiknagore]] in [[Danish India]]. He moved to [[Copenhagen]] in 1787 where he served as director of the [[Danish Asiatic Company]] from 1791 to 1805. He was the third largest contributor to the rebuilding of [[Christiansborg Palace (2nd)|Christiansborg Palace]] after the [[Christiansborg Palace (1st)|first Christiansborg Palace]] was destroyed in a fire in 1804.

==Early life==
Fix was born on 28 December 1735 in [[Hanau]] near Frankfurt. His father was a weaver. The family belonged to the Dutch Reformed church.

==Years in India==
Fix travelled to [[Copenhagen]] on foot where he was employed as bookkeeper by the [[Danish Asiatic Company]] in 1867 and travelled to Trankebar and the Bengal on board the ship ''CRON PRINCEN AF DANEMARK''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oldenburgbusiness.net/index.php?title=Fix,_Johan_Leonhard|title=Fix, Johan Leonhard|language=Danish|website=oldenburgbusiness.net|accessdate=9 May 2018}}</ref>

[[Hermann Abbestée]] wrote an angry letter about Fix's conduct in 1770.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oldenburgbusiness.net/index.php?title=Abbest%C3%A9e,_Peter_Herman|title=Abbestée, Peter Herman|language=Danish|website=oldenburgbusiness.net|accessdate=9 May 2018}}</ref>

In 1771 he married Anthonetta Maria Henckel in Frederiksnagore. She was the widow of Hermann Fredericks Henckel, a Danish Asiatic Company merchant and former Oberhoved of Frederiksnagore.

In 1776, he was fired from the Danish Asiatic Company. Then, in a partnership with John Fenwick, he ran a private trading house with a fleet of up to five ships. The partnership ended in court after disagreements. In 1783, he partnered with Melchoir La Beaume, a Frenchman based in Tranquebar. The partnership ended in court after disagreements.

==Late life in Denmark==

* In 1787, Fix returned to Copenhagen. In 1789 he purchased the property at [[Amaliegade 13]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indenforvoldene.dk/amaliegade-13-13a-b|title=Amaliegade 13-13a-b|language=Danish|website=indenforvoldene.dk|accessdate=9 May 2018}}</ref> He also owned [[Folehavegård]] at [[Hørsholm]] from 1789 to 1791.
* In 1791 he was elected Director of the Danish Asiatic Company. He kept the post until 1805.
* In 1794, he made a 2000 [[Danish rigsdaler]] donation for the rebuilding of [[Christiansborg Palace (2nd)|Christiansborg Palace]].
* In 1798, he was involved in a court case with Duntzfelt about a disagreement about taxation due to origin of a set of Nanjing textiles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://assistens.dk/personer/johan-leonhard-fix/|title=Johan Leonhard Fix|language=Danish|website=Kulturcentret Assistens|accessdate=9 May 2018}}</ref>
* He died on 2 February 1807 and is buried at [[Assistens Cemetery (Copenhagen)|Assistens Cemetery]].

==Further reading==
* Bie, Lorentz: ''[https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/900979.pdf Johan Leonhard Fix. En Skikkelse i dansk-ostindisk Kolonihistori]''. In ''Personalhistorisk Tidsskrift'', Årgang 57, 10. række, 3. bd., 1. hefte, 1936

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.geni.com/people/Johan-Leonhard-Fix/6000000019313791852 Johan Leonhard Fix] at geni.com
* [http://assistens.dk/johan-leonhard-fix-2/ Video] about Johan Leonhard Fix

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fix, Johan Leonhard}}
[[Category:18th-century Danish businesspeople]]
[[Category:Governors of Danish India]]
[[Category:Directors of the Danish Asiatic Company]]
[[Category:Danish merchants]]
[[Category:Emigrants from the Holy Roman Empire to Denmark–Norway]]
[[Category:Danish Calvinist and Reformed Christians]]
[[Category:People from Hesse-Nassau]]
[[Category:1735 births]]
[[Category:1807 deaths]]
[[Category:1770s in Danish India]]
[[Category:Merchants from Denmark–Norway]]
[[Category:German expatriates in Denmark]]
[[Category:18th-century Danish landowners]]

M. Ct. M. Chidambaram Chettiar

2026-02-23T00:23:04Z

JessDudley8515: added a post

{{Short description|Indian industrialist}}
{{Indian name|Chidambaram Chettiar|Muttaiya Chidambaram Muthiah}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = M. CT. M. Chidambaram Chettiar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1908|08|02}}
| birth_place = [[Kanadukathan]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]] {{small|(present day [[Tamil Nadu]], India)}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1954|03|13|1908|08|02}}
| death_place = [[Singapore]]
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| other_names =
| known_for = Founding [[Indian Overseas Bank]] (IOB)
| education =
| employer =
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Banker]]|[[Industrialist]]}}
| spouse = C. Valliammai Achi
| children = 2
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Muthiah Chidambaram Muthiah Chidambaram Chettiar''' (2 August 1908 {{endash}} 13 March 1954) better known as '''M.CT.M.Chidambaram''' was an Indian [[industrialist]] and [[banker]] who founded the [[Indian Overseas Bank]]. He was a member of the M. Ct. family.

== Early life and education ==

Chidambaram Chettiar was born at [[Kanadukathan]] on 2 August 1908. His father [[Sir M Ct. Muthiah Chettiar]] (1887-1929) was a banker who served as a member of the [[Imperial Legislative Council of India]]. Muthiah Chettiar was a nephew of [[Ramaswami Chettiar]], founder of the [[Indian Bank]] and [[Sir Annamalai Chettiar]], the [[Raja of Chettinad]].

Chidambaram Chettiar had his early education at Madras Christian College High School but discontinued his education in the middle to pursue the family business of banking.

== Career ==

Chidambaram Chettiar succeeded his father as a director of the [[Indian Bank]] on the latter's death in 1929. Chidambaram Chettiar soon emerged as one of the top industrialists in the country. On 10 February 1937, he founded the [[Indian Overseas Bank]], which concentrated on improving the country's industrial sector. The bank began business simultaneously from its branches at [[Karaikudi]] and [[Rangoon]]. Chidambaram Chettiar was also one of the founders of [[United India Assurance]].

In 1944, with the assistance of [[Sir C. P. Ramaswami Iyer]] and British technical expertise, Chidambaram Chettiar founded the [[Travancore Rayons Limited]], with a factory near [[Perumbavoor]]. The Travancore Rayons Limited was the first [[rayon]] manufacturing company in India. Chidambaram Chettiar also served as a director of Indian Bank from 1930 to 1940 and 1945 to 1949.

== Death ==

Chidambaram Chettiar died on 13 March 1954 when the [[British Overseas Airways Corporation|British Overseas Airways]] flight Lockheed L-749A Constellation, G-ALAM on which he was travelling, crashed at [[Kallang Airport]], [[Singapore]], when it landed short and struck a sea wall after a flight from [[Jakarta]], killing 33 people out of 40 passengers and crew on board.

== Family ==

Chidambaram Chettiar was married to Valliammai Achi. They had two sons - [[M. Ct. Muthiah|Muthiah Chettiar]] and Pethachi chettiar.

== References ==

* {{cite news|title=Building a bank, the MCt. way|url=http://www.hindu.com/biz/2004/04/12/stories/2004041200331800.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 April 2004}}
* {{cite web|title=Founder|publisher=[[Indian Overseas Bank]]|url=http://www.iobplatinum.com/Founder.aspx|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506163431/http://www.iobplatinum.com/Founder.aspx|archivedate=6 May 2011|df=dmy-all}}

{{Chettinad Villages}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chettyar, M. Ct. M. Chidambaram}}
[[Category:1908 births]]
[[Category:1954 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian bankers]]
[[Category:Indian company founders]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in India]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople in the textile industry]]
[[Category:Indian industrialists]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1954]]

Garh Palace, Kota

2026-02-18T00:19:11Z

JessDudley8515: Creating basic post needs work

{{Short description|Fortified palace in Rajasthan, India}}
[[File:Aerial view Garh Palace,Kota-1 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Aerial view Garh Palace, Kota]]
[[File:Main gate view from outside.jpg|thumb|right| Main gate, Garh Palace, Kota]]
[[File:View of the palace with hathi pole.jpg |thumb|right| 500 px|View of the palace with hathi pole]]
The City Palace or Garh, known locally as the "'''Garh Palace"''' is a fortified palace located in the heart of [[Kota, Rajasthan]]. It was the former residence of the Raos and [[Maharao]]s of the [[Kota State|Kingdom of Kota]]. The Garh is home to a vast heritage collection of canons, paintings, armour, palaces, instruments, attire, manuscripts, murals, and buildings, some of which date back to the [[13th century]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Meena |first=R. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GWO-DwAAQBAJ&dq=Garh+palace+kota&pg=PT120 |title=Art Culture and Heritage of Rajasthan Study Material With MCQ: Useful for RPSC RAS Prelims and Other Exams |publisher=New Era Publication |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> The Rao Madho Singh Museum occupies the ground floor of the palace building.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arya |first=Rama |date=2017-10-09 |title=the bundi-kotah school of miniature painting in kotah's garh palace |url=https://ramaarya.blog/2017/10/09/kotah-garh-palace-paintings/ |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=rama toshi arya's blog |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
According to tradition, the foundations of the palace were first laid in 1264 C.E. by Prince Jait Singh of [[Bundi State]] on the spot where he sacrificed the chief of the [[Bhil]] tribe Chieftain Koteya (previous ruler of the region) and buried his severed head.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kotahgarh.com/#:~:text=According+to+tradition,+the+foundations,had+previously+ruled+the+region|title=Kotah Garh (City Palace) | Kotah Fort | Kotah State | Garh Palace Museum | Rulers of Kotah | History of Kota | Kota Muesuem | Garh Palace Kota | Kota Rajasthan|website=www.kotahgarh.com}}</ref>

==Architecture==
The fort has main entrance through a huge gate (photo placed), which connect it to the main road of Kota city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mesmerisingindia.com/garh-palace-kota.html|title=Garh Palace Kota (City Palace)-Kota Fort-History, How to Reach, Tickets...|date=June 16, 2020}}</ref>

The next gateway is called ‘Hathian Pol’ with 2 elephant structures on both sides of the gate on the upper-part as shown below. Two brass canons, ''Shankar Ban'' and ''Gajpat Ban'' are located in front of the gate giving it a royal look.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mesmerisingindia.com/garh-palace-kota.html|title=Garh Palace Kota (City Palace)-Kota Fort-History, How to Reach, Tickets...|date=June 16, 2020}}</ref>

On the upper floors of the fort, there is a reception place called ‘Baradari,’ where one can have an Aerial view of the fort. Rao Madho Singh had constructed it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mesmerisingindia.com/garh-palace-kota.html|title=Garh Palace Kota (City Palace)-Kota Fort-History, How to Reach, Tickets...|date=June 16, 2020}}</ref>

Gokaneshwar Mahadev Temple and Badal Mahal are also located within the fort premises.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mesmerisingindia.com/garh-palace-kota.html|title=Garh Palace Kota (City Palace)-Kota Fort-History, How to Reach, Tickets...|date=June 16, 2020}}</ref>

The palace also houses Gulab Mahal, Purana Mahal, Arjun Mahal, Hava Mahal, Diwan-e-Aam, Akhada Mahal, and Kanvarpadi-ka-Mahal. The wall paintings depicting floral and faunal diversity, hunting scenes, processions and scenes from the legend of Lord [[Krishna]], are a common feature of these royal apartments.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/garh-palace/articleshow/59540756.cms|title=Garh Palace|first=Resham|last=Sengar|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mesmerisingindia.com/garh-palace-kota.html|title=Garh Palace Kota (City Palace)-Kota Fort-History, How to Reach, Tickets...|date=June 16, 2020}}</ref>
<gallery perrow="7">
File:Main gate, Garh Palace, Kota.jpg| Main gate, Garh palace
File:Kota garh name plate at hathi pole.jpg| Kota garh name plate at hathi pole
File:Hathi pole, Garh Palace, Kota.jpg|Hathi pole, Garh Palace, Kota
File:Baradari, garh palace, Kota.jpg| Baradari, the reception hall of the palace
File:Bada mahal view, Gadh palace, Kota.jpg| Bada mahal view from outside
File:Bada mahal out side corridor.jpg| Bada mahal outside corridor
File:Bada mahal hall.jpg| Bada mahal hall
File:Bada mahal bed room.jpg | Bada mahal bed room
File:Peacock on the wall.jpg| Peacock on one of the wall
File:Paintings in the hall, Gadh palace, Kota.jpg| Paintings in the hall, Gadh palace
File:Mahal roof.jpg| One of hall roof
File:Glass decorated pillar.jpg| Glass decoration at one of pillar
File:Main gate inside view.jpg| View of Main gate from inside the garh
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Literature==
* {{cite book |last1=Martinelli |first1=Antonio |last2=Michell |first2=George |year=2004 |title=Palaces of Rajasthan |publisher=Frances Lincoln |location=London |language=en |pages=269 |isbn=0-7112-2505-2}}

{{coord missing|Rajasthan}}

[[Category:Heritage hotels in India]]
[[Category:Palaces in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajput architecture]]
[[Category:Royal residences in India]]

Ali Baba (TV series)

2026-02-12T14:32:01Z

JessDudley8515: created biography

{{short description|Indian fantasy television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = AliBaba_Dastaan_E_Kabul.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| alt_name = ''Ali Baba: Dastaan-E-Kabul Chapter 1'' ''Ali Baba: Ek Andaaz Andekha Chapter 2''
| genre = [[Fantasy]]
| creator = {{ubl|Alind Srivastava|Nisser Parvej}}
| based_on = 
| developer =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| director = {{ubl|Maan Singh Manku|Ravi Bhushan}}
| creative_director =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Sheezan Khan]]|[[Tunisha Sharma]]|[[Karthik Jayaram]]|[[Sayantani Ghosh]]|[[Abhishek Nigam]]|[[Manul Chudasama]]|[[Aarav Chowdhary]]|[[Khushbu Rajendra]]}}
| theme_music_composer = Souvyk Chakraborty
| opentheme = "Ali Baba"
| endtheme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi Urdu
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 239
| list_episodes = List of Ali Baba (TV series) episodes
| executive_producer =
| producer = {{ubl|Nissar Parvez|Alind Srivastava}}
| cinematography =
| editor = 
| camera = Multi-camera 
| runtime = 19-25
minutes
| company = [[Peninsula Pictures]]
| network = [[Sony SAB]] [[Sony LIV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2022|08|22|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2023|06|09|df=yes}}
}}
'''''Ali Baba''''' is an Indian [[fantasy]] television series based on the ''[[Arabian Nights]]'' character [[Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves|Ali Baba]]. Produced by Alind Srivastava and Nissar Parvez under [[Peninsula Pictures]], the series follows the life of an orphan Ali Baba, from the Mamuli Gali of Kabul, and the challenges he faces in trying to protect and care for five other orphaned children.

It starred [[Sheezan Khan]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-sheezan-khan-on-how-he-bagged-alibaba-dastaan-e-kabul-would-stay-up-all-night-practice-in-front-of-the-mirror-delivering-dialogues-and-practicing-the-walk/articleshow/93431479.cms|title=Exclusive - Sheezan Khan on how he bagged Alibaba Dastaan-E-Kabul: Would stay up all night, practice in front of the mirror, delivering dialogues and practicing the walk - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=8 August 2022 }}</ref> [[Tunisha Sharma]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/tunisha-sharma-plays-the-lead-in-alibaba%E2%80%94-dastaan-e-kabul-421006|title=Tunisha Sharma plays the lead in Alibaba— Dastaan-e- Kabul|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service|access-date=12 August 2022|archive-date=12 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812044010/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/tunisha-sharma-plays-the-lead-in-alibaba%E2%80%94-dastaan-e-kabul-421006|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Karthik Jayaram]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/exclusive-everybody-has-a-bit-of-good-and-a-bit-of-bad-in-them-karthik-jayaram/articleshow/93212334.cms|title=Exclusive: Everybody has a bit of good and a bit of bad in them: Karthik Jayaram - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> and [[Sayantani Ghosh]] in the first season titled ''Ali Baba: Dastaan-e-Kabul: Chapter 1'' (Translation - Ali Baba: Legend of Kabul: Chapter 1).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/sayantani-ghosh-to-play-sim-sim-426431|title=Sayantani Ghosh to play Sim Sim|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref> It aired from 22 August 2022 to 14 January 2023 on [[Sony SAB]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/ali-baba-dastaan-e-kabul-to-air-on-sab-tv-soon-sbs-1546881|title='Ali Baba Dastaan E Kabul' to air on SAB TV soon | SBS|date=7 August 2022|website=news.abplive.com}}</ref> and digitally streams on [[SonyLIV]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/entertainment/television/article/4-new-tv-shows-going-to-on-air-today-22-august-2022-from-alibaba-dastaan-kabul-udti-ka-naam-rajjo-to-saavi-ki-savaari-and-sanjog-tv-serial/434682|title=4 New TV Shows: आज से शुरू हो रहे 4 नए टीवी सीरियल, अनुपमा-गुम है किसी के प्यार में सहित TRP टॉप-5 शोज को मिलेगी टक्कर|date=22 August 2022|website=www.timesnowhindi.com}}</ref>

It starred [[Abhishek Nigam]] replacing Khan and [[Manul Chudasama]] replacing Tunisha as the leads in the new season titled ''Ali Baba: Ek Andaaz Andekha : Chapter 2'' (Translation: Ali Baba: A Style Unseen : Chapter 2).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rakhi Sawant detained to Abhishek Nigam replacing Sheezan in Ali Baba: Top 5 TV Newsmakers of the Week|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/rakhi-sawant-detained-to-abhishek-nigam-replacing-sheezan-in-ali-baba-top-5-tv-newsmakers-of-the-week-2324063-2023-01-20|access-date=2023-01-21|website=India Today|date=20 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Manul" /> It aired from 16 January 2023 to 9 June 2023.

==Series overview==
{{main|List of Ali Baba (Indian TV series) episodes}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|+
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="padding: 0 8px" | No. of season
! rowspan="2" |No of episodes
! colspan="2" | Originally broadcast (India)
|-
! style="padding: 0 8px" | First aired
! style="padding: 0 8px" | Last aired
|-
|style="background:cyan"|
| align="center" | 1
| align="center" | 126
| align="center" | {{start date|2022|08|22|df=yes}}
| align="center" | {{end date|2023|01|14|df=yes}}
|-
|style="background:lightblue"|
| align="center" | 2
| align="center" | 113
| align="center" | {{start date|2023|01|16|df=yes}}
| align="center" | {{end date|2023|06|09|df=yes}}
|}

==Plot==
{{long plot|date=August 2023}}

===Chapter 1: Dastaan-E-Kabul===
Ali Baba is a poor, yet a very good person living with 5 adorable orphan children viz Gulrez, Poya, Imaad, Nafi and Alifi. He always gets flashbacks of when his father, the great magician Mustafa gets killed while destroying the Forty Thieves and their Leader, Iblis. However, he makes a prophecy that Ali will write and complete 'Legend of Kabul'. Simsim who loves and respects Iblis, decides to crack the moon to break the curse to get the Forty Thieves back and succeeds in it. Princess Mariam loses her father due to a fight between her father and her wicked uncle, Saddam; a cunning person who helps Simsim but wants to sit on the Throne. Later, Mariam escapes and after a lot of turns meets Ali.

They slowly develop feelings for each other and Ali, Mariam and the children reach Ali's home. Ali and Simsim come face to face but Ali wins the Talisman and becomes the Saviour of Parvaz. After a series of events, Ali Baba finally takes the treasure but Qasim had watched him. Then Qasim gets brutally killed by the Forty Thieves and Simsim and they hung him in the centre of Parvaz to give warning to the people. They also gave the note that if anyone gets him down then his whole family will die. So, for the sake of his family, Ali Baba can't gets Qasim down. But later Ali, in the form of Rakhwala, with the help of the Talisman provides proper burial to Qasim. Then, Ali Baba promises to finish Simsim and the Forty Thieves.

Ali Baba now tries to find a way to kill the Forty Thieves and Simsim once and for all. Then by solving clues of his father, Ali reaches his father's magical world and after a lot of turns meets his father who gives him the 'Noor' but warns him that the Noor works only with the Talisman. After returning, he discovers that Nazia has sold the Talisman. Ali goes to find the Talisman but gets to know from Nafi that Marjina has been captured. Then he decides to save Marjina's life first. On the quest to save Marjina, Ali fails and burns his face by the Forty Thieves and was left to die.

Simsim gets out of the cave by breaking the curse from sacrificing Marjina and enters Parvaz as Simijaan to catch the Rakhwala. She also captures Ali's grandmother. Very soon, she enters Mustafa's magical world to find her answers and again comes face to face with Mustafa.

===Chapter 2: Ek Andaaz Andekha===
Simsim asks Mustafa who the Rakhwala is and he answers that his son, Ali is. At the same time, Alifi saves Noora Dadi and burns the entrance to Mustafa's world to finish Simsim but fails. Ali gets the cure. He then returns to Parvaz as Chota Kotwal to find Simsim. Very soon, Ali imprisons Simsim and gets to know the real place of Marjina. Then he finds Marjina but is shocked to see that Marjina has lost her memory. Ali gets to know that the Prince of [[Ras Al Khaimah]] is responsible for Marjina losing her memory and after a lot of turns, Ali defeated the Prince and takes Marjina back to Parvaz. The children also fall in danger but ultimately succeeds and returns to Parwaaz.

On the way, Ali and Marjina unknowingly disturb a marriage as a headless woman comes and takes the groom. To help the people and to free the groom, Ali makes a plan to catch the headless woman. On the other hand, the children goes to find the Talisman and ends up in the Snake World. On the other hand, Ali promises to find the head of the headless woman and succeeds. Simsim is freed by the Forty Thieves. Simsim then seeks to take revenge on Ali. Ali goes in search of Marjina's memories. Ali then gives the memory of Marjina to her and she recalls everything but questions about Ali's face but Ali explains her how his face changed. The children also escaped from the Snake World but Saddam brings the news to Simsim about the Talisman and tortures the children.

On returning home happily, Ali and Marjina gets to know from Hasan, (who was stabbed by Simsim and left alive to give the information to Ali), that the children are kidnapped by Simsim in the palace of Kabul Shahi. Ali and Marjina rush to Kabul Shahi to save the children and where Ali realises that Marjina is actually Princess Mariam. Then they successfully saved the children and Mariam finally kills Saddam. Simsim goes to find the Talisman but fails and gets to know that she needs Ali's helps to get the Talisman as she saw the Noor of Shangrila on Ali 's back when she was fighting against him. She asks for Ali's help but he refuses. Then she kills Noora Dadi and threatens Ali that she will kill every one Ali has loved and will destroy the entire Parvaz. So, for the sake of everyone's life, Ali Baba promises to get the Talisman for her.

Then they reach the Shangrila in the north of Hindustan to get the Talisman where Ali gets injured while saving Roshni from an arrow. Then Roshni takes them inside the Shangrila. There, Ali Baba takes the Talisman and Roshni is apparently killed by Simsim, but Ali blames himself for her death. On returning to Parvaz, Ali seemingly gives the Talisman to SImsim. Mariam reveals to Ali that Roshni is his mother. Ali is mortified and swears revenge, revealing he has the real Talisman. Then Ali goes to the cave of Simsim and when he was about to open the door of Simsim's Cave, he was confronted by the guru of Shangrila Tribe and he says that Roshni has not been killed but vanished and kidnapped by Simsim. He then finds the prison which had Roshni and Ali frees her and they both go to Parvaaz. They then were having a feast on the birthday of Ali's father Mustafa. On the same day Simsim and the Forty Thieves comes to Parvaaz to recover the Talisman from Ali.

Mariam sets fire to the boxes that held captive the Forty Thieves. Simsim pretends to have burned as well. Using this trick, she steals the Talisman from Ali and starts the ceremony to awaken Iblis. Ali stops her, and burns Iblis's body to ashes. Simsim swears revenge and decides to use the Talisman for her vengeance.

However, she finds a suitable body and Iblis returns to life. Simsim and Iblis goes to Parvaz. To save Ali, Roshni pushes him to a magical world and there he is hung upside down and sees his long lost brother, Hatim.

Hatim and Ali Baba initially gets into rivalry but still they have to fight together as Iblis has been reborn and is destroying the world to find Ali as he has the "Roshan Dil" and it is in destiny of Ali Baba to kill Iblis and finish the darkness but Ali can't defeat Iblis because he is too weak against Iblis. On Behrouz Baba's insist, Tahira convinces Hatim to train Ali because Hatim has experience and Ali has power. Iblis finds Ali and kills Behrouz Baba but Ali Baba, Tahira and Hatim escaped to find the seven most difficult questions of the universe to train Ali and to get the magical stone to defeat Iblis.

However, one of the fourteen devils tries to capture Ali, but fails the first time and Ali, Hatim and Tahira found the first question's answer but the devil succeeds in capturing Ali the second time and he takes Ali to Kabul. On reaching, Ali captured the devil by using Hatim's inventory pocket. Now, Ali and Hatim have divided their works as Hatim would find the answers of the questions and Ali will capture all the other devils of Iblis. The Black Genie wants to marry Simsim and Iblis agrees. Iblis tells Mariam that Ali is dead and that she will be his wife. Mariam refuses. Simsim gets extremely happy thinking that she is going to marry Iblis.

On the wedding day, Ali and Marjina meets. Simsim gets to know about Iblis' real intention and Simsim protests against him and Iblis takes her power and abandoned her. Now, Ali Baba and Simsim unites together to kill Iblis. Simsim and Ali enters Iblis' palace and they convinced him to trust them.

Ali captured all the fourteen devils of Iblis' with the help of Simsim, by which Iblis gets weaker than before. On the other hand, Iblis gets the magical stone after capturing Hatim in the world of most difficult questions and after his return, Iblis captures Ali and his team and he reveals his real plans to Simsim. Simsim got to know that Iblis has to sacrifice his wife and all of his devils so he had to marry princess Mariam and to capture all his devils. Iblis gives Simsim her powers back. Simsim takes Roshni's powers and disguises herself as Roshni and tries to send Ali to Iblis so that Iblis can use the Roshan Dil but Ali recognised her. Ali helps Hatim to release himself while Hatim gives an idea to Ali to defeat Iblis. Ali goes after Iblis with a plan. Hatim goes to find the Talisman. Ali with the help of Hatim defeated Iblis by the use of Talisman. But Simsim escapes and wanted to become the supreme darkness and burns Ibils' body so that he can never return. Simsim divides her soul into four halves in air, water, land and lava. Roshni, Marjina, Hatim and Ali respectively goes and finally found the halves of Simsim 's soul. After uniting the soul, Ali Baba finally defeated Simsim as well. The series ends with Ali Baba, Marjina and his family living happily ever after.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Sheezan Khan]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/sheezan-khan-i-wasnt-getting-any-roles-and-then-alibaba-happened-this-show-has-supported-me/videoshow/93619533.cms|title=Sheezan Khan: I wasn't getting any roles and then Alibaba happened; this show has supported me | TV - Times of India Videos|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> as [[Ali Baba]]:
**Mustafa and Roshni's son, Qasim's younger half brother, Iblis's nephew, Hatim foster brother, caretaker of five orphan children, Mariam's love-interest. (2022)
*** [[Abhishek Nigam]]<ref name="Abhishek">{{Cite web|title=Abhishek Nigam open up about replacing Sheezan Khan in Ali Baba: 'Comparisons are normal and inevitable'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/abhishek-nigam-on-replacing-sheezan-khan-in-ali-baba-comparisons-are-normal-101675700314229-amp.html|access-date=2023-02-16|website=The Hindustan Times|date=6 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref> replaced Shezan Khan as Ali Baba. (2023)
*** Subhan Khan as young Ali Baba (2022)
* [[Tunisha Sharma]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/i-am-a-directors-actor-says-tunisha-sharma-423511|title='I am a director's actor,' says Tunisha Sharma|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref> as Mariam:
**Princess of [[Kabul]], Ali's love-interest, Sultan Shah Zuhaid's daughter. She is known as Marjina (fake identity) by Ali, his five [[orphan]] children and his friends. (2022)
*** [[Manul Chudasama]]<ref name="Manul">{{Cite web|title=Exclusive: Manul Chudasama to enter Alibaba: Dastaan-E-Kabul as new Mariam, says 'I can never take Tunisha's place'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-manul-chudasama-to-enter-alibaba-dastaan-e-kabul-as-new-mariam-says-i-can-never-take-tunishas-place/articleshow/97952794.cms|access-date=2022-02-16|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> replaced Tunisha Sharma as Shehzaadi Mariam. (2023)
* [[Karthik Jayaram]]<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kannada-actor-karthik-jayaram-returns-on-small-screen-with-alibaba-dastaan-e-kabul-5636095.html|title=Kannada Actor Karthik Jayaram Returns on Small Screen With Alibaba Dastaan-e-Kabul|date=27 July 2022|website=News18}}</ref> as [[Iblis]]:
**Leader of 40 thieves, Simsim's love interest Roshni's brother, a dreadful and deadly warrior. (2022-2023)
*** [[Aarav Chowdhary]] replaced Karthik as Iblis (2023)
* [[Sayantani Ghosh]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/sayantani-harness-day-spends-two-hours-makeup-alibaba-dastaan-e-kabul-1503104069.html|title=Sayantani is on harness all day, spends two hours on makeup for 'Alibaba - Dastaan-e-Kabul'|website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=25 August 2022}}</ref> as Simsim/Simi Jaan:
**Devotee of [[Iblis]]. Later blessed with power and cursed to become guardian of the cave. Iblis love interest. (2022–2023)

===Recurring===
* Arisht Jain as Imaad Abdali, An intelligent so-called orphan raised by Ali. He is later revealed to be Ziya Abdali's biological second son and Zoravar's younger half-brother whom he abandoned in Ali's house years ago. (2022)
* Sara Paintal as Gulrez, A youngest of all the orphans raised by Ali. (2022)
* Ekagra Dwivedi as Poya, A foodie orphan raised by Ali. (2022-2023)
* Jared Savaille as Nafi Afghani, A chilled and open-minded so-called orphan raised by Ali. He is later revealed to be the son of Theeyab Afghani who is the Chief of Nakabjani Tribe and is raised by the family of thieves. This truth is only known to Poya who is another orphan kid being raised by Ali. He is the first person to know about Marjina's real identity. (2022-2023)
* Ananya Dwivedi as Alifi, A kind and eldest of all the orphans raised by Ali. (2022-2023)
* [[Naved Aslam]] as Mustafa, Qasim and Ali Baba's father and a great sorcerer who was killed by Iblis. (2022-2023)
* Daljeet Soundh as Noora Bibi, Mustafa's mother, Qasim and Ali Baba's paternal grandmother who locked herself in her room for 20 years and came out of the room when the moon broke. (2022-2023)
* [[Vineet Raina]] as Qasim, Mustafa's son from first wife and Ali's elder half-brother. He was killed by Simsim and the forty thieves. (2022)
* Sapna Thakur as Nazia, Qasim's widow, Ali's half-sister-in-law (2022-2023)
* Ayush Shrivastava as Khusro/Kishore, Ali's best friend who hails from Hindustan. (2022-2023)
* Hunza Sabir as Zarifa, Dariba's sister, Ali's friend (2022-2023)
* Parth Zutshi Sarin as Dariba, Zarifa's brother, Ali's friend (2022-2023)
* [[Akshay Anand]] as Sultan Shah Zuhaid, Kind Emperor of Kabul and Mariam's father who was assassinated by his own brother-in-law, Saddam. (2022)
* [[Farida Dadi (actress)|Farida Dadi]] as Zoya, Mariam's caretaker who was killed by Majhud. (2022)
* [[Mukul Nag]] as Dara Gazi Princess Mariam protector (2022)
* Karan Pahwa<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/an-eventful-journey-425500|title=Karan Pahwa talks about his role in Ali Baba - Dastaan-e-Kabul|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref> as Jahangir (2022)
* Kaushik Chakravorty as Monk (2022)
* [[Chandan Anand]] as Saddam, Mariam's wicked maternal uncle who became the Emperor of Kabul with Simsim's help. (2022)
* Soneer Vadhera as Majhud, A general of Kabul's army and Saddam's sidekick, killed by Dara Gazi, Yajhud's twin brother, sidekick and new Commander-in-chief of Kabul under Saddam's rule. (2022)
* [[Mohit Abrol]] as Zoravar Abdali, Shahi Sarrak's chief Zia Abdali's son, Imaad's elder half-brother, Ali Baba's rival. He was killed by the snake monster named Fakri sent by the Simsim and the 40 thieves. (2022)
* Zahid Ali as Ziya Abdali, Shahi Sarrak's chief, Zoravar and Imaad's father. (2022)
* Khushbu Tiwari as Fatima, Afrasia's daughter, Ali Baba's love-interest. (2022)
* [[Navina Bole]]<ref>[https://www.lokmattimes.com/entertainment/navina-bole-plays-a-cunning-woman-in-alibaba/ Navina Bole plays a cunning woman in Ali Baba] Lokmat Times</ref> as Afrasiya, Fatima's mother. (2022)
* [[Ravi Gossain]] as Usmaan, A low ranked general in Kabul's army whom Ali tricked by disguising as Iblis. (2022-2023)
* Rajdeep Singh Kharoud as Haider (2022)
* Athar Siddiqui as [[Dajjal]], He was killed by [[Ali Baba|Ali]] . (2022)
* Gaurav Walia as Ifrit, second-in-command of forty thieves and the most powerful thief after Iblis. (2022-2023)
* Raviz Thakur as Khafees, one of the forty thieves and Iblis' one of the favourites. (2022-2023)
* Kailash Topnani<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-will-never-stop-wearing-my-turban-even-if-it-costs-me-a-big-role-says-kailash-topnani/articleshow/92148298.cms|title=I will never stop wearing my turban even if it costs me a big role, says Kailash Topnani|newspaper=The Times of India|first=Neha|last=Maheshwri|date=11 June 2022|access-date=28 June 2022}}</ref> as Ghoul, one of the forty thieves and Iblis' one of the favourites. (2022-2023)
* Ritvik Bhargava as Aazim (2022)
* Rumi Khan<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mahabharat-actor-rumi-khan-returns-to-the-small-screen-after-five-years/articleshow/92159144.cms|title=Mahabharat actor Rumi Khan returns to the small screen after five years - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=12 June 2022 }}</ref> as Aamir Rehmani (2022)
* Behzaad Khan as Behzaak, who capture for slavery. (2022)
* Anshul Bammi as Shahmed, Prince of [[Herat]] and Saddam's sidekick. (2022)
* [[Sumedh Mudgalkar]]<ref name="Sumedh">{{Cite web |date=26 April 2023 |title=Exclusive - Radhakrishn fame Sumedh Mudgalkar to be seen in Alibaba – Ek Andaaz Andekha: Chapter 2? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-radhakrishn-fame-sumedh-mudgalkar-to-be-seen-in-alibaba-ek-andaaz-andekha-chapter-2/articleshow/99791105.cms |access-date=27 April 2023 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> as Hatim, Roshni's adoptive son, Ali's foster brother, Iblis' nephew; Tahira's best-friend; Behrouz Baba's student (2023)
* [[Srishti Jain]] as Tahira: Hatim's best-friend; a warrior; Behrouz Baba's daughter (2023)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Exclusive! Fire did not break out on the set of Ali Baba, our set is safe, clarifies actress Srishti Jain|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-fire-did-not-break-out-on-the-sets-of-ali-baba-our-set-is-safe-clarifies-actress-srishti-jain/articleshow/100226632.cms|access-date=2023-05-16|website=The Times of India|date=14 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* Mahi Bhadra as Afifa/ Haida. (2023)
* Daljeet Soundh as Noora Bibi, Mustafa's mother, Qasim and Ali's paternal grandmother who locked herself in her room for 20 years and came out of the room when the moon broke. (2023)
* [[Saanvie Tallwar]] as Humaira (2023)
* Vineet Bhonde as Hasan/ Bade Kotwal. (2023)
* Aradhana Sharma as Rumana (2023)
* Ram Yashvardhan as Shehzada of [[Ras Al Khaimah]] (2023)
* Alisha Tunga as Rukhsar, Marjina's friend from Ras Al Khaimah (2023)
* Vaibhavi Mahajan as Gul, Marjina's friend who was killed by the Shehzada (Haiwan) of Ras Al Khaimah (2023)
* [[Jasveer Kaur]] as Roshni: Ali and Hatim's mother; Mustafa's second wife; Qasim's step–mother; Iblis's sister (2023)
* Ajay Raju as disciple of Guruji (2023) (Shangrila Village)
* [[Hemant Choudhary]] as Behroz Baba: Tahira's father; Hatim's teacher (2023)

==Production==
===Casting===
[[Sheezan Khan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/sheezan-khan-is-back-on-tv-as-the-lead-in-sony-sabs-magnum-opus-alibaba-dastaan-e-kabul-he-talks-about-the-show-and-his-role-428757|title=Sheezan Khan is back on TV as the lead in Sony SAB's magnum opus 'Alibaba- Dastaan-E-Kabul'. He talks about the show and his role|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref> was cast in the titular role,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sheezan-khan-excited-about-being-alibaba-on-small-screen/articleshow/93187187.cms|title=Sheezan Khan excited about being Alibaba on small screen - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=28 July 2022 }}</ref> and was joined by [[Tunisha Sharma]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-im-elated-to-be-a-part-of-alibaba-dastaan-e-kaabul-says-tunisha-sharma/articleshow/92902292.cms|title=Exclusive! I'm elated to be a part of Alibaba-Dastaan-e-Kaabul, says Tunisha Sharma - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=16 July 2022 }}</ref> [[Karthik Jayaram]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/exclusive-jayaram-karthik-returns-to-hindi-tv-with-new-soap/articleshow/91916829.cms|title=Exclusive: Jayaram Karthik returns to Hindi TV with new soap - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=June 2022 }}</ref> and [[Sayantani Ghosh]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sayantani-ghosh-to-play-the-antagonist-in-ali-baba-dastaan-e-kabul/articleshow/92180523.cms|title=Sayantani Ghosh to play the antagonist in Ali Baba: Dastaan-e-Kabul - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=13 June 2022 }}</ref> as leads.

[[Navina Bole]] was cast to portray Fatima's mother in October 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-navina-bole-to-make-an-entry-in-alibaba-dastaan-e-kabul-says-she-took-up-the-role-because-its-different-from-usual/articleshow/94943994.cms|title=Exclusive! Navina Bole to make an entry in Alibaba Dastaan-e-kabul; says she took up the role because it's different from usual - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=18 October 2022 }}</ref>

[[Abhishek Nigam]] replaced [[Sheezan Khan]] in Season 2 in January 2023 post [[Tunisha Sharma|Sharma]]'s demise while [[Manul Chudasama]] replaced Tunisha as Mariam in the following month.<ref name="Abhishek"/><ref name="Manul"/> In May 2023, [[Sumedh Mudgalkar]] and [[Srishti Jain]] entered the show as Hatim and Tahira respectively.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mandal|first=Pramila|date=26 April 2023|title=RadhaKrishn fame Sumedh Mudgalkar to join Alibaba- Ek Andaaz Andekha: Chapter 2 star cast? Report|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/radhakrishn-fame-sumedh-mudgalkar-to-join-alibaba-ek-andaaz-andekha-chapter-2-star-cast-report-1218565|access-date=5 May 2023|work=PINK VILLA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=With Sumedh Mugdalkar and my entry in Alibaba-Ek Andaaz Andekha, I hope viewers will connect with the show again: Srishti Jain|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/with-sumedh-mugdalkar-and-my-entry-in-alibaba-ek-andaaz-andekhachapter-2-i-hope-viewers-will-connect-with-the-show-again-srishti-jain/articleshow/100049690.cms|access-date=2023-05-16|website=The Times of India|date=7 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

===Controversy===
On 24 December 2022, actress [[Tunisha Sharma]] playing the lead role of Shehzaadi Mariam, committed suicide by hanging herself in the green room of co-star [[Sheezan Khan]] on set.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-24 |title=TV actress Tunisha Sharma dies by suicide at 20 on sets of her show |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/in-focus/story/tv-actress-tunisha-sharma-dies-by-suicide-at-20-on-sets-of-her-show-357664-2022-12-24 |access-date=2022-12-24 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Actor Tunisha Sharma, 20, Found Hanging In Green Room; Suicide Claimed |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/tunisha-sharma-20-found-dead-on-show-set-suicide-claimed-3635751 |access-date=2022-12-24 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> She was taken to a nearby hospital where she was declared [[dead on arrival]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=TV actress Tunisha Sharma dies by suicide on sets of her show |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/tv-actress-tunisha-sharma-dies-by-suicide-on-sets-of-her-show-2313124-2022-12-24 |access-date=2022-12-24 |website=India Today |date=24 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

Hours after her death her co-actor, rumored boyfriend and the lead [[Sheezan Khan]] was booked in the case of [[Suicide|abetment for suicide]] by her mother.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actor Tunisha Sharma, 20, Found Dead On Set, Co-Star Named In Suicide Case|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/tunisha-sharma-20-found-dead-on-show-set-suicide-claimed-3635751|access-date=2022-12-24|website=NDTV.COM|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tunisha Sharma Death: कौन हैं शीजान खान? जिन पर तुनिशा शर्मा की मां ने लगाए गंभीर आरोप|url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/television/tunisha-sharma-suicide-case-know-who-is-sheezan-mohammed-khan-actress-mother-blame-him-for-daughter-death|access-date=2022-12-24|website=Amar Ujala|language=hindi}}</ref>

On 4 January 2023, [[Federation of Western India Cine Employees]], president BN Tiwari demanded strict action against the makers for negligence.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/after-tunisha-sharma-death-fwice-demands-action-against-ali-baba-makers-for-gross-negligence-8361340/ | title=After Tunisha Sharma's death, FWICE demands action against Ali Baba makers for 'gross negligence': 'The producers are only interested in earning money' | date=4 January 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-fwice-president-bn-tiwari-holds-ali-baba-producer-responsible-for-20-yr-old-tunisha-sharmas-demise-says-makers-are-planning-to-resume-shoot/articleshow/96738494.cms | title=Exclusive: FWICE president BN Tiwari holds Ali Baba producer responsible for 20-yr-old Tunisha Sharma's demise; says 'Makers are planning to resume shoot' - Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=4 January 2023 }}</ref>

===Development===
The series was announced by [[Peninsula Pictures]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-shows/thriller/sony-sab-to-telecast-alibaba-dastaan-e-kabul-in-a-new-avatar-220819|title=Sony SAB to telecast 'Alibaba- Dastaan-e-Kabul' in a new avatar|date=19 August 2022|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> in March 2022 and was confirmed in July 2022 by [[Sony SAB]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2022/08/sony-sab-to-bring-family-entertainer-show-dastaanekabul-|title=Sony SAB to bring family entertainer show 'Dastaan-e-Kabul'|website=www.bestmediaifo.com|date=17 August 2022 }}</ref> The shooting of the series began in June 2022 in [[Ladakh]], India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-alibabadastaane-kabul-gets-a-massive-set-actor-sheezan-m-khan-uses-a-bike-to-travel-within-the-premises-of-the-set/articleshow/93194445.cms|title=Exclusive - Alibaba–Dastaan–E-Kabul gets a massive set; actor Sheezan M Khan uses a bike to travel within the premises of the set - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=28 July 2022 }}</ref>

===Filming===
The shooting of the series halted after the lead actress [[Tunisha Sharma]] committed suicide on set in [[Naigaon]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://theprint.in/india/cine-workers-association-demands-sit-probe-in-actor-tunisha-sharmas-death/1281990/ | title=Cine workers' association demands SIT probe in actor Tunisha Sharma's death | website=[[ThePrint]] | date=25 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tunisha-sharmas-co-actors-react-her-death-is-shocking-she-seemed-absolutely-fine-just-a-few-hours-earlier/articleshow/96509264.cms | title=Tunisha Sharma's co-actors react: Her death is shocking! She seemed absolutely fine just a few hours earlier - Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=26 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tunisha-sharma-death-news-live-updates-tunisha-sharma-dies-by-suicide-co-actor-sheezan-khan-arrested/liveblog/96496009.cms | title=Tunisha Sharma dies by suicide, Live Updates: Sheezan's lawyer on Tunisha attempting suicide earlier | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=27 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/after-tunisha-sharmas-suicide-sheezan-khans-arrest-ali-baba-dastaan-e-kabul-makers-halt-shoot-article-96515055|title=After Tunisha Sharma's suicide, Sheezan Khan's arrest, Ali Baba: Dastaan-E-Kabul makers halt shoot|date=26 December 2022|website=TimesNow}}</ref> The show had an episode bank of one week.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-30 |title=After Sheezan Khan's Arrest, Tunisha Sharma's Former Co-Star Abhishek Nigam to Play Alibaba? |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/after-sheezan-khans-arrest-tunisha-sharmas-former-co-star-abhishek-nigam-to-play-alibaba-6722887.html |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Baddhan |first=Lakh |date=2022-12-28 |title=Sony SAB TV to rest 'Ali Baba: Dastaan-E-Kabul' following Tunisha Sharma's death? |url=https://www.bizasialive.com/sony-sab-tv-to-rest-ali-baba-dastaan-e-kabul-following-tunisha-sharmas-death/ |access-date=2023-01-01 |website= |language=en-GB}}</ref>

The cast resumed the shooting of the series on 4 January 2023, on Renu Studio in [[Naigaon]]. Actor [[Abhishek Nigam]] was finalized to replace [[Sheezan Khan]] as Ali Baba in a new plot.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/sapna-thakur-on-going-back-to-set-after-tunisha-s-death-it-was-not-a-nice-feeling-101672735180298.html | title=Sapna Thakur on going back to shoot after Tunisha Sharma's death: The moment I reached the set, I felt heaviness in my chest, it wasn't a nice feeling | date=3 January 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/ali-baba-dastaan-e-kabul-shoot-begins-in-new-studio-after-tunisha-sharmas-suicide-makers-hunt-for-new-leads-2317181-2023-01-04 | title=Ali Baba shoot begins in new studio after Tunisha Sharma's suicide, makers hunt for new leads | date=4 January 2023 }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Ali Baba
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Souvyk Chakraborty
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2022
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Romance (music)|Romance]] [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 3:14
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = [[SonyLIV]]
| producer = Nissar Parvez Alind Srivastava
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc =
}}
Ali Baba soundtrack is composed by Souvyk Chakraborty.<ref>{{cite web|title=Uran Chu - Music Video |url=https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/alibaba-dastaan-e-kabul-1700000883/uran-chu-music-video-1000186455 |website=www.sonyliv.com}}</ref> The first song "Rehnuma" is the theme song of Ali and Mariam.

{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Tracklisting
| total_length = 3:14
| title1 = Rehnuma
| note1 = Duet
| extra1 =
| length1 = 2:00
| title2 = Uran Chu
| note2 = Male
| extra2 = Aabhik Ghosh
| length2 = 1:14
}}

== See also ==
* [[List of programmes broadcast by Sony SAB]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=21280214|title=Alibaba: Dastaan-E-Kabul}}
* [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/alibaba-1700000883 ''Alibaba - Dastaan-e-Kabul'']{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} on [[SonyLIV]]
* [https://www.sabtv.com/en_in/shows/265/ali_baba_dastaan__ndash__e__ndash__kabul ''Ali Baba Dastaan – E – Kabul''] on [[Sony SAB]]

{{Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves}}
{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian television sitcoms]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy television series]]
[[Category:Sony SAB original programming]]
[[Category:Works based on Ali Baba]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Television shows about Islam]]
[[Category:Television controversies in India]]
[[Category:Television series about orphans]]

Vittalpadanur

2026-02-12T11:45:45Z

JessDudley8515: update content based on references

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vittalpadanur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|12.9|N|75.03|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dakshina Kannada]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = Bantwal
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 6221
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Mangalore]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =KA
| website = {{URL|karnataka.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KA]]
| footnotes =

}}

''' Vittalpadanur ''' is a village in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], [[India]].<ref name="censusindia">Village code= 2706300 {{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx|title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=2008-12-18}}</ref><ref name="yahoomaps">{{cite web|url=http://in.maps.yahoo.com/|title=Yahoomaps India :|access-date=2008-12-18|archive-date=3 April 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403060944/http://in.maps.yahoo.com/|url-status=dead}} Vittalpadanur, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka</ref> It is located in the [[Bantwal]] [[taluk]] of [[Dakshina Kannada district]].

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]], Vittalpadanur had a population of 6221 with 3070 males and 3151 females.<ref name="censusindia" />

==See also==
* [[Dakshina Kannada]]
* [[Districts of Karnataka]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* http://dk.nic.in/

{{Settlements in Dakshina Kannada district}}

[[Category:Villages in Dakshina Kannada district]]

{{Dakshina Kannada-geo-stub}}

Armori Municipal Council

2026-02-09T16:13:44Z

JessDudley8515:

{{Infobox legislature
| name = Armori Municipal Council
| house_type = Municipal Council
| foundation = 12 September 2017
| body = Armori
| leader1_type = Mayor
| leader1 = Rupesh punekar
| party1 = BJP
| leader2_type = Commissioner
| leader2 =
| leader3_type = Deputy Mayor
| leader3 =
| party3 =
| members = 17
| last_election1 = 28-January-2019
| website =
| session_room =
| session_res = 250px
| meeting_place =
}}

'''Armori''' is the Municipal council in district of [[Gadchiroli]], [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/538518-armori-maharashtra.html|title=Armori town info|accessdate=2019-01-29}}</ref>

==History==
The Armori municipal council established on 12 September 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lokmat.com/gadchiroli/armori-municipal-council-existed-air/ |title=Armori Municipal established info|accessdate=2019-01-29}}</ref>

==Municipal Council election==

===Electoral performance 2019===
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lokmat.com/gadchiroli/bjps-upper-caste-armory-np/ |title=Armori Municipal Election Result|accessdate=2019-01-29}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thehitavada.com/Encyc/2019/1/29/BJP-wins-39-seats-in-Municipal-Council,-Panchayat-elections.aspx|title=Armori & other Municipal council election result declared|accessdate=2019-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129181350/http://thehitavada.com/Encyc/2019/1/29/BJP-wins-39-seats-in-Municipal-Council,-Panchayat-elections.aspx|archive-date=2019-01-29|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!S.No. !! Party name !! Alliance !! Party flag or symbol !! Number of Corporators
|-
| 01 || [[Shiv Sena]] (SS) || [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]] ||[[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.svg|45px]]|| 01
|-
| 02 || [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) || [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]] |||| 08
|-
| 03 || [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) || [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]] || || 06
|-
| 04 || [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP) || [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]] || [[File:NCP-flag.svg|45px]] || 00
|-
| 05 || [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI) || || [[File:CPI-banner.svg|45px]] || 01
|-
| 06 || Parivartan Alliance || || || 01
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Municipal councils in Maharashtra]]

Kabir Waraich

2026-01-29T06:47:00Z

JessDudley8515: Created

{{short description|Indian racing driver}}
{{BLP sources|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox racing driver
| name = Kabir Waraich
| image =
| image_size = 
| caption =
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Sangrur]], Punjab
| death_date =
| death_place =
| relatives = 
| last_series = 
| years_active = 2008 – present
| teams =
| starts =
| wins =
| poles =
| fastest_laps = 
| best_finish = 
| year = 
| prev_series = 
| prev_series_years =
| titles = 
| title_years = 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020
| awards =
| award_years =
}}

'''Kabir Waraich'''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-02-04 |title=Kabir Waraich, Amber Udasi champs of UDC 2019 off-roading |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/jaipur/report-kabir-waraich-amber-udasi-champs-of-udc-2019-off-roading-2715823 |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=[[DNA India]] |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian [[racing driver]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ultimate Desert Challenge 2019 concludes in Bikaner: Kabir and Gaurav in Polaris RZRs conquer the dunes|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/auto/car-news/ultimate-desert-challenge-2019-concludes-in-bikaner-kabir-and-gaurav-in-polaris-rzrs-conquer-the-dunes/1477702/|date=2019-02-05|website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=City's Gerrari Offroaders claim team trophy - Indian Express|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/city-s-gerrari-offroaders-claim-team-trophy/1108627/|last=|first=|date=|website=archive.indianexpress.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kabir bags top spot in autocross challenge|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2020/state-editions/kabir-bags-top-spot-in-autocross-challenge.html|last=Pioneer|first=The|website=The Pioneer|language=en|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> He has won Ultimate Desert Challenge Bikaner three consecutive times.

== Background ==
Waraich hails from [[Sangrur]], Punjab.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Kabir Waraich and Gurmeet Virdi share their Off-Roading experiences|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1t6Y0Wn3l3U|language=en|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> He completed his schooling from his hometown and graduation from [[Chandigarh]].<ref name=":0" /> Waraich started his racing career in 2008. He is the first Indian to participate in Rain Forest [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Polaris RZR sweeps podium in Ultimate Desert Offroad 2016|url=http://www.motownindia.com//Bureau/MotorSport/507/Polaris-RZR-sweeps-podium-in-Ultimate-Desert-Offroad-2016-Motown-India-Bureau|website=MotownIndia.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> He finished 3rd overall in 2014 & 2015 RFC India. He has won Ultimate Dessert Challenge Bikaner 3 times consecutively.<ref name=":1" /> He is also the founder of ''The Gerrari Offroaders''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gerrari Offroaders win off-roading dirt challenge|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/archive/gerrari-offroaders-win-off-roading-dirt-challenge-515063|last=Service|first=Tribune News|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en|access-date=2020-05-26}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== Career ==

=== 2011 ===
*1st in Patiala Speed Fest - (PB) Off-road 4x4
*1st in OYA (Mohali) - Autocross Off-road 4x4

=== 2012 ===
*1st in Uncaged Summer Challenge (Derabassi)
*1st in Uncaged Winter Challenge (Derabassi)
*Finalist in Mahindra Offroad Trophy

=== 2013 ===
*4th in Mahindra Offroad Trophy (MH)
*2nd in Aravali Offroad Challenge (Aravali)
*Selected for Pallar Challenge (Chennai)
*Selected for Mahindra (Ggn) Offroad Trophy
*1st in OYA Offroad Challenge (Mohali)
*1st in Uncaged (Derabassi)

=== 2014 ===
*3rd in <nowiki>RFC 2014</nowiki> (Goa)<ref>{{Cite web|title=JK Tyre 4x4 Fury: Bangalore boys Pradeep Kumar and Vijay Kumar lead the Championship|url=http://overdrive.in/news-cars-auto/jk-tyre-4x4-fury-bangalore-boys-pradeep-kumar-and-vijay-kumar-lead-the-championship/|website=Overdrive|language=en|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref>
*1st OYA Offroad Challenge
*5th in Mahindra Offroad Challenge (Mh)
*Official Desert Storm

=== 2015 ===
*3rd in RFC (Goa)<ref>{{Cite web|title=2015 Force Gurkha Rainforest Challenge: Tan Eng Joo takes victory yet again|url=http://overdrive.in/news-cars-auto/2015-force-gurkha-rainforest-challenge-tan-eng-joo-takes-victory-yet-again/|website=Overdrive|language=en|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Force Gurkha RFC India 2015: Chandigarh's Gurmeet Virdi leads after Day 1|url=https://zeenews.india.com/sports/motorsports/force-gurkha-rfc-india-2015-chandigarhs-gurmeet-virdi-leads-after-day-1_1636614.html|date=2015-07-26|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref>
*1st in Polaris Offroad
*1st in Mahindra Escape (Chd) Official Desert Storm
*1st in OYA Autocross
*Judge in EVO offroad Magazine

=== 2016 ===
*6 Fastest Stages in Royal Rajasthan Rally
*1st in The Uitimate Desert Challenge (UDO)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Polaris RZRs Grab Top Two Pole Positions at Ultimate Desert Offroad 2016|url=https://www.news18.com/news/auto/polaris-rzrs-grab-top-two-pole-positions-at-ultimate-desert-offroad-2016-1320222.html|date=2016-12-07|website=News18|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref>
*2nd Orange JK4x4 fury- DAMBUK
*2nd in Club Challenge

=== 2017 ===
*1st in The Ultimate Desert Challenge (UDC)
*1st in JK4x4 fury -DAMBUK

=== 2018 ===
*1st in JK Tyre 4 play (kikar) Ropar<ref>{{Cite web|title=JK Tyre Orange 4x4 Fury: Exciting clash on the cards|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/motorsport/jk-tyre-orange-4x4-fury-gerrari-off-roaders-united-kerala-off-roaders/article25752620.ece|last=Rozario|first=Rayan|website=Sportstar|language=en|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref>
*2nd in Dirt Drif (Auto cross)
*1st in Dirt Drif (Offroad)
*2nd in Orange JK 4x4 fury- DAMBUK<ref>{{Cite web|title=JK Tyre Orange 4x4 Fury: Maiden title for Team MOCA|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/motorsport/jk-tyre-orange-4x4-fury-moca-wins/article25774766.ece|last=Rozario|first=Rayan|website=Sportstar|language=en|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref>

=== 2019 ===
*1st in UDC (Hat Trick)
*1st in OYA Autocross
*1st in OYA Offroad
*1st in SlushX

=== 2020 ===
*1st position in 9th OYA Autocross, Motocross and Offroading challenge<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kabir wins autocross challenge, Sahil second|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/kabir-wins-autocross-challenge-sahil-second-38606|last=Service|first=Tribune News|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Waraich, Kabir}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian racing drivers]]
[[Category:People from Sangrur district]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Milon Tithi

2026-01-26T01:15:01Z

JessDudley8515: added details

{{Short description|Indian television series}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Milon Tithi.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption = Poster starring [[Ushashi Ray]] and Debjani Chakraborty
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Indian soap opera]] [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Revenge drama]]
| creator = [[Acropoliis Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.]]
| based_on =
| developer = Aratrika, Sromona Ghose (Star Jalsha)
| screenplay = [[Hrishita Bhattacharya]] '''Dialogues''' [[Sayan Chowdhury]]
| director = [[Babu Banik]] [[Amal Kumar Banik]]
| starring = [[Ushasi Ray]] Jeetu Kamal [[Debjani Chakraborty]]
| voices = [[Shadaab Hashmi]] Madhuraa Bhattacharya
| narrator =
| theme_music_composer = [[Indradip Paul]] (Baban)
| open_theme = "Milon Tithi"
| end_theme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 587
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer = [[Sromona ghose]]
| producer = [[Snigdha Basu]] [[Sani Ghose Ray]]
| location = [[Kolkata]]
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera =
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = [[Acropoliis Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.]]
| network = [[Star Jalsha]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2015|11|23}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2017|08|20}}
| related = {{Plainlist|
* [[Thik Jeno Love Story]]
* [[Pratidaan]]
}}
}}
'''''Milon Tithi''''' ({{langx|bn|মিলন তিথি}}) is an Indian [[Bengali language]] television soap that premiered on 23 November 2015 on [[Star Jalsha]]. The story primarily revolves around Aditya, Arjun, Ahona and Bonhi. It was produced by [[Acropolis Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.|Acropoliis Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.]] and starred Riju Biswas, [[Ushashi Ray|Ushasi Ray]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/these-three-months-of-lockdown-helped-me-transform-from-bokul-to-kadambini-says-ushasi-ray/articleshow/76763868.cms|title="These three months of lockdown helped me transform from Bokul to Kadambini," says Ushasi Ray - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=3 July 2020 }}</ref> Jeetu Kamal, Debjani Chakraborty and Ishaan Majumder in the lead roles. The show was replaced by [[Pratidaan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ebela.in/entertainment/bengali-serial-milon-tithi-will-be-replaced-by-pratidan-from-21-august-dgtl-1.658156|title=তড়িঘড়ি বন্ধ করা হচ্ছে 'মিলনতিথি', পিছনের কারণটি কী|website=Ebela}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/serial-milon-tithi-s-actresses-make-up-room-video-going-viral-dgtl-1.660509|title='মিলনতিথি'র অভিনেত্রীদের মেকআপ রুমের ভিডিও ভাইরাল!|first=নিজস্ব|last=প্রতিবেদন|website=anandabazar.com}}</ref>

==Plot summary==
''Milon Tithi'' revolves around a male and two female characters: Arjun, Ahona and Bonhi. Arjun is a rich, young man who liked Bonhi, yet married Ahona. Ahona is the daughter of a house owner and Bonhi is the daughter of a maid servant. Arjun always kept Bonhi happy, even with all her greedy needs. Ahona sees Bonhi as her best friend, but Bonhi dislikes Ahona and uses Arjun and separates him from Ahona. The story ends with Arjun and Ahona's separation.

===Three-year leap===
After three years everyone thinks Ahona is dead and that Bonhi killed Ahona's parents. Ahona vows revenge on Bonhi. Ahona has a son named Chiku, but he's actually Bonhi's son. A new man enters Ahona's life named Aditya. Aditya loves Ahona, yet Arjun still loves Ahona. He draws Ahona a painting every day. Bonhi has now become the owner of Mallick's villa. She is making the Mallick villa a living hell. Ahona ({{aka}} Meera) buys the Mallick villa and returns the property papers to her father. Later, Bonhi and Mrinal get arrested and Bonhi and Mrinal confess all their crimes. Bonhi gets out of jail but Mrinal is sentenced to jail for seven years.

===Three-month leap===
After a few days, Ahona and Aditya marry and Bonhi's father appears. Ahona reunited Bonhi's father and mother. Later after many twists Bohni and Arjun get married forcibly by Ahona. There was a big conspiracy against Ahona and Aditya. The conspiracy is plotted by none other than Arjun. Later Arjun kidnaps Aditya on the day of his and Ahona's wedding but Bonhi gets to know that Arjun is the one who kidnapped Aditya. Later Ahona rescues Aditya from Arjun. Then Bonhi tells Ahona Arjun is behind all the kidnapping and everything else. Then, Ahona Aditya and Arjun Bonhi goes for honeymoon. There is a big conspiracy to kill Aditya plotted by Arjun. Ahona saves Aditya many times from Arjun. Later she gets to know everything is being plotted by Arjun. Later Bonhi in Ahona's avatar pushes Arjun from a cliff. But Arjun thinks it was Bonhi. She took Ahona's avatar so Ahona receives the entire blame.

===One-year leap===
Later Ahona aka Bonhi pushes Arjun over a cliff. But everyone thinks Ahona was the one who pushed Arjun from the cliff. Leaving everyone to think that Arjun had died one year ago. One year later, Chiku is four years old. Arjun comes back and pretends to be Jishnu who got lost many years ago by falling from a cliff. Arjun goes to Malick's house to take revenge on Ahona as Jishnu. Later it was revealed that it was not Ahona who pushed Arjun from a cliff actually it was Bonhi. She was the one who pushed Arjun from the cliff, in order to obtain all the property of Arjun. Later she joins hands with Jishnu ({{aka}} Arjun) to ruin Aditya and Ahona's life. Later Mrinal comes back to seek revenge from Ahona. Bonhi calls Ahona and fakes that Rahul has kidnapped her and tells Ahona to come to a temple to rescue her. It turns out to be a fake kidnapping to trap Ahona in their evil plans. They will try to kill Ahona. Bonhi's true colors are revealed and she and Arjun are jailed for few months.

===Six months leap===
Everything is normal in the Mallick house. Bonhi writes a letter to Ahona that she will never come back in her life to trouble her. The show ends on a happy note on Chiku's sixth birthday.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bengalilyrics24.blogspot.com/2015/11/milon-tithi-star-jalsha.html | title=Milon Tithi - Star Jalsha' serial Information | work=Bengali Songs Lyrics | access-date=22 January 2017}}</ref>

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Ushashi Ray]] as Ahona Bhaduri (formerly Mullick) aka Meera - Sudhir's daughter, Bonhi's childhood friend, Arjun's ex-wife, Aditya's love interest turned wife. Chiku's adoptive mother. (2015-2017)
*[[Jeetu Kamal]] (before surgery) / Ishaan Majumdar (after surgery) as Arjun Mullick - Rudra's youngest son, Ahana's ex-husband, Bonhi's love interest turned husband. Chiku's biological father .(2015-2017)
*Debjani Chakraborty as Bonhi Mullick (née Chowdhury) - Arjun's love-interest turned wife, Ahana's childhood friend and rival. Chiku's biological mother.(2015-2017)
*[[Riju Biswas]] as Aditya Bhaduri - Ahona's love interest turned husband. Chiku's adoptive father. (2017)

===Recurring===
*[[Rajat Ganguly]] as Rudra Shekhar Mallick - Arjun's father (2015-2017)
*Swagata Basu as Debika Mallick - Arjun's mother (2015-2017)
*[[Chitra Sen]] as Rudra Sekhar's mother, Arjun's paternal grandmother (2016)
*[[Indraneil Mallick]] as Riju Mallick - Aakash, Arjun and Ginia's younger brother, Doyel's husband (2015-2017)
*[[Alivia Sarkar]] as Doyel Mullick (née Bhaduri) - Aditya's sister, Riju's wife (2017)
*Aman Mehra as Abimanyu "Chiku” Mallick, Bonhi and Arjun's biological son, Ahona and Aditya's adoptive son. (2017)
*Pinky Mallick as Sathi, Bonhi's mother (2015-2017)
*[[Suchismita Chowdhury]] as Aditya's mother (2017)
*Anirban Guha as late Sudhir Bose, Ahona's father (2015-2016)
*Abanti Dutta as late Mita Bose, Ahona's mother (2015-2016)
*[[Suvajit Kar]] as Deb (2016-2017)
*Abhijit Debroy as Saikat Bose (2015-2017)
*Mallika Majumdar as Shibani Mallick (2015-2017)
*[[Subhrajit Dutta]] as Aakash Mallick - Arjun, Riju and Ginia's elder brother (2015-2017)
*Sayantani Sengupta as Keya Mallick (2015-2017)
*Pritha Chatterjee / Uma Bardhan as late Sohini Mallick (2015-2017)
*Samata Chatterjee Lahiri as Jhilik (2015-2017)
*Shankar Debnath as Sohini's husband, Rudra Sekhar's younger brother (2015-2017)
*[[Madhurima Basak]] / [[Sanchari Mondal]] as Ginia, Aakash, Arjun and Riju's sister - Mrinal's wife (2015-2017)
*[[Biresh Chakraborty]] as Mrinal - Bonhi's ex-fianceé, Ginia's love-interest turned husband (2016-2017)
*Raj Bhattacharya (2016-2017)
*Runa Bandyapadhyay (2016-2017)
*Arindam Banerjee as Anirban - Bonhi's biological father (2016-2017)

==Adaptations==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;" | Language
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;" | Title
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;" | Original release
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;" | Network(s)
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;" | Last aired
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;" | Notes
|-
|[[Hindi]]
|''[[Imlie]] Second Generation''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-12 |title=Jeetu Kamal-Ushasi Ray starrer 'Milon Tithi' gets adapted for Hindi show 'Imlie 2' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/jeetu-kamal-ushasi-ray-starrer-milon-tithi-returns-to-bengali-tv/articleshow/102672109.cms |access-date=2023-09-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|19 September 2022
|[[StarPlus]]
|10 September 2023
|Remake
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/milon-tithi/6678 ''Milon Tithi''] at [[Hotstar]]
*{{IMDb title|id=tt10162522}}

{{Acropolis Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Milon Tithi}}
[[Category:2015 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2017 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Bengali-language television programming in India]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Star Jalsha original programming]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Acropoliis films]]

List of silent Indian Bengali films

2026-01-22T13:34:33Z

JessDudley8515: added a bio

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Bengali films}}

List of films produced in [[Silent Film]] in [[Bengali film industry]] in the [[Bengali language]].

==1917–1920==
{| class="wikitable" width= "100%"
|-
! width=17% | Title
! width=19% | Director
! width=27% | Cast
! width=13% | Genre
! width=24% | Notes
|-
| {{Yearheader}} | '''1917'''
|-
|[[Satyawadi Raja Harishchandra]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citwf.com/film306573.htm|title=Satyawadi Raja Harishchandra|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512132134/https://www.citwf.com/film306573.htm|archive-date=2019-05-12|website=citwf.com}}</ref>||[[Rustomji Dhotiwala]] ||Ms. Savaria, Mr. [[Hurmusjee Tantra]], Ms. [[Gaharjan]], [[Behramshaw]] ||[[Drama films|Drama]] ||First Silent [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali film]]. Released on March 24, 1917 at New Tent Maidan, [[Calcutta]]
|-
| {{Yearheader}} | '''1919'''
|-
|[[Billwamangal]]||[[Rustomji Dhotiwala]] ||Ms. [[Kayoum Mamajiwala Gahar]] || Drama||
|-
| {{Yearheader}} | '''1920'''
|-
|[[Mahabharat (1920 film)|Mahabharat]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q59780016|title=Mahabharat}}</ref>||[[Rustomji Dhotiwala]] || ||[[Drama films|Drama]] ||[[Black-and-white|B&W]] 8 Reel [[35mm movie film|35mm]]. Released on January 13, 1920 at [[Cornwallis]]
|-
|}

==1921 in film==
{| class="wikitable" width= "100%"
|-
! width=17% | Title
! width=19% | Director
! width=27% | Cast
! width=13% | Genre
! width=24% | Notes
|-
| {{Yearheader}} | '''1921'''
|-
|[[Balika Badhu (1921 film)|Balika Badhu]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q58428367|title=Balika Badhu}}</ref>||[[Pandit Tulsidutt Saida]] ||[[Pandit Tulsidutt Saida]], [[Tarak Bagchi]], [[Ms. Ali]] ||[[Family film]] ||B&W. Length 9 reels. [[35mm movie film|35mm]]. Released on April 11, 1921 at Cornwallis.
|-
|[[Bilat Ferat (1921 film)|Bilat Ferat]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q15043353|title=Bilat Ferat}}</ref>||[[Nitish Lahiri]] ||[[Dhirendranath Gangopadhyay]] (D. G.), [[Manmatha Pal]], [[Kunjalal Chakraborty]], [[Sushila Mukhopadhyay]], [[Nripen Bose]], [[Nitish Lahiri]], [[Sishubala]] ||[[Family film]] ||B&W. 6 Reels, 35mm. Released on February 26, 1921 at [[Russa Theatre]].
|-
|[[Bishnu Abatar]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q127874309|title=Bishnu Abatar}}</ref>||[[Jyotish Bandyopadhyay]] ||[[Patience Cooper]]||[[Drama films|Drama]] ||B&W. 4 Reels, 35mm. Released on June 4, 1921 at Cornwallis.
|-
|[[Dabbur Kelenkari]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q127874323|title=Dabbur Kelenkari}}</ref>|| Debi Ghosh|| Chani Dutta|| ||B&W. 2 Reels, 35mm. Released on August 13, 1921 at Russa Theatre.
|-
|[[Dhruba Charitra]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q58329438|title=Dhruba Charitra}}</ref>||[[Jyotish Bandyopadhyay]] [[Eugenio de Liguoro]] ||[[Patience Cooper]], Master Mohan, [[Signora Dorros]], [[James Magarth]], [[Master Manilal]], [[Dadibhai Sarkari]], [[Aga Hashr Kashmiri]], Mrs. [[Manelli]], [[P. Manelli]], [[Master Surajram]], [[Khorshedji Bilimoria]], [[Jashodna Singh]], [[Cawasji Golla]], [[Isaac Simon]], [[Ardeshir Sanjana]] || ||B&W. 8 Reels, 35mm. Released on April 16, 1921 at Cornwallis.
|-
|Maa Durga<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q127874334|title=Maa Durga}}</ref>|| [[Jyotish Bandyopadhyay]]|| || ||B&W. 7 Reels, 35mm. Released on October 15, 1921 at Cornwallis.
|-
|[[Nal Damayanti]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q25397048|title=Nal Damayanti}}</ref>||[[Jyotish Bandyopadhyay]] [[Eugenio de Liguoro]] ||[[Patience Cooper]], [[Keki Adajania]], [[Dadibhai Sarkari]], [[Signor Manelli]], [[Master Mohan]], [[Khorshedji Bilimoria]], [[Manchersha Chapgar]], [[Eugenio de Liguoro]], [[Signorina Manelli]] || ||
|-
|[[Ratnakar (1921 film)|Ratnakar]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q58428534|title=Ratnakar}}</ref>|| Surendranarayan Ray|| Chunilal Deb, Sashimukhi, Sushibala|| ||
|-
|[[Shibaratri]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q58428558|title=Shibaratri}}</ref>|| Priyanath Gangopadhyay|| Prabodh Bose, Gopal Das, Kusumkumari, Basantakumari, Signor P. Mannelli, Signorina F. Mannelli|| ||
|-
|}

==1922 in film==
{| class="wikitable" width= "100%"
|-
! width=17% | Title
! width=19% | Director
! width=27% | Cast
! width=13% | Genre
! width=24% | Notes
|-
| {{Yearheader}} | '''1922'''
|-
|[[Aandhare Alo]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q21646091|title=Aandhare Alo}}</ref>|| || || [[Drama films]]||
|-
|Bhagirath Ganga<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q58428651|title=Bhagirath Ganga}}</ref>|| || || [[Drama films]]||
|-
|[[Bhishma (1922 film)]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q58428671|title=Bhishma (1922 film)}}</ref>|| || || [[Drama films]]||
|-
|[[Bidyasundar]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q58428675|title=Bidyasundar}}</ref>|| || ||[[Drama films]] ||
|-
|[[Bishabriksha (1922 film)]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q58428681|title=Bishabriksha (1922 film)}}</ref>|| || ||[[Drama films]] ||
|-
|[[Barer Bazar]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q58428689|title=Barer Bazar}}</ref>|| || ||[[Drama films]] ||
|-
|[[Indrajit O Lady Teacher]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q127874351|title=Lady Teacher}}</ref>|| || ||[[Drama films]] ||
|-
|[[Jashodanandan]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q58428560|title=Yashoda Nandan}}</ref>|| || || [[Drama films]]||
|-
|[[Laila Majnu (1922 film)]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q58429236|title=Laila Majnu (1922 film)}}</ref>|| || || [[Drama films]]||
|-
|[[Mohini (1922 film)]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q127874365|title=Mohini (1922 film)}}</ref>|| || ||[[Drama films]] ||
|-
|[[Nartaki Tara]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q58429298|title=Nartaki Tara}}</ref>|| || || ||
|-
|[[Ramayan (1922 film)]] (Serial in four parts)<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q127874377|title=Ramayan (1922 film)}}</ref>|| || ||[[Drama films]] ||
|-
|[[Ratnabali]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q127874390|title=Ratnavali}}</ref>|| || || [[Drama films]]||
|-
|[[Sadhu Ki Shaitan]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q58429642|title=Sadhu Ki Shaitan}}</ref>|| || || [[Drama films]]||
|-
|[[Soul of a Slave]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q127874402|title=Soul of a Slave}}</ref>|| || ||[[Drama films]] ||
|-
|}

==1923 in film==
{| class="wikitable" width= "100%"
|-
! width=17% | Title
! width=19% | Director
! width=27% | Cast
! width=13% | Genre
! width=24% | Notes
|-
| {{Yearheader}} | '''1923'''
|-
|[[Bimata]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q58428680|title=Bimata}}</ref>|| || ||[[Drama films]] ||
|-
|[[Khokababu (1923 film)|Khokababu]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q58428798|title=Khoka Babu}}</ref>|| || ||[[Drama films]] ||
|-
|[[Manbhanjan]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q58428816|title=Maanbhanjan}}</ref>|| || || ||
|-
|[[Matrisneha]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q6787781|title=Matrisneha}}</ref>|| || ||[[Drama films]] ||
|-
|Noorjahan<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q58428843|title=Nurjehan}}</ref>|| || || [[Drama films]]||
|-
|}

==1924 in film==
{| class="wikitable" width= "100%"
|-
! width=17% | Title
! width=19% | Director
! width=27% | Cast
! width=13% | Genre
! width=24% | Notes
|-
| {{Yearheader}} | '''1924'''
|-
|[[Basantaprabha]]|| || ||[[Drama films]] ||
|-
|[[Chandranath (1924 film)|Chandranath]]|| || ||[[Drama films]] ||
|-
|[[Kamaie Kamini]]|| || ||[[Drama films]] ||
|-
|[[Nabin Bharat]]|| || || [[Drama films]]||
|-
|[[Paper Parinam]]|| || || [[Drama films]]||
|-
|[[Patni Pratap]] (Serial) || || ||[[Drama films]] ||
|-
|[[Premanjali]]|| || || [[Drama films]]||
|-
|}

==1925 in film==
{| class="wikitable" width= "100%"
|-
! width=17% | Title
! width=19% | Director
! width=27% | Cast
! width=13% | Genre
! width=24% | Notes
|-
| {{Yearheader}} | '''1925'''
|-
|[[Misharrani]]|| || ||[[Drama films]] ||
|-
|[[Sati Lakshmi]]|| || || [[Drama films]]||
|-
|}

==1926 in film==
{| class="wikitable" width= "100%"
|-
! width=17% | Title
! width=19% | Director
! width=27% | Cast
! width=13% | Genre
! width=24% | Notes
|-
| {{Yearheader}} | '''1926'''
|-
|Dharmapatni|| || || ||
|-
|[[Jeler Meye]]|| || || ||
|-
|Joydeb|| || || ||
|-
|Krishnakanter Will|| || || ||
|-
|Prafulla|| || || ||
|-
|}

==1927 in film==
{| class="wikitable" width= "100%"
|-
! width=17% | Title
! width=19% | Director
! width=27% | Cast
! width=13% | Genre
! width=24% | Notes
|-
| {{Yearheader}} | '''1927'''
|-
|Chandidas|| || || ||
|-
|Durgeshnandini|| || || ||
|-
|Jana|| || || ||
|-
|[[Krishnasakha]]|| || || ||
|-
|Punarjanma|| || || ||
|-
|Shankaracharya|| || || ||
|}

==1928 in film==
{| class="wikitable" width= "100%"
|-
! width=17% | Title
! width=19% | Director
! width=27% | Cast
! width=13% | Genre
! width=24% | Notes
|-
| {{Yearheader}} | '''1928'''
|-
|[[Bhranti]]|| || || ||
|-
|[[Kelor Kirti (1928 film)|Kelor Kirti]]|| || || ||
|-
|[[Nishiddha Phal]]|| || || ||
|-
|Sarala|| || || ||
|-
|[[Shasti Ki Shanti]]|| || || ||
|-
|}

==1929 in film==
{| class="wikitable" width= "100%"
|-
! width=17% | Title
! width=19% | Director
! width=27% | Cast
! width=13% | Genre
! width=24% | Notes
|-
| {{Yearheader}} | '''1929'''
|-
|[[Apahrita]]|| || || ||
|-
|[[Bangabala]]|| || || ||
|-
|[[Bicharak (1929 film)]]|| || || ||
|-
|[[Debdas (1929 film)]]|| || || ||
|-
|Indira|| || || ||
|-
|[[Jugalanguriya]]|| || || ||
|-
|Kapalkundala|| || || ||
|-
|Rajani|| || || ||
|}

==1930 in film==
{| class="wikitable" width= "100%"
|-
! width=17% | Title
! width=19% | Director
! width=27% | Cast
! width=13% | Genre
! width=24% | Notes
|-
| {{Yearheader}} | '''1930'''
|-
||| || || ||
|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
||| || || ||
|-
||| || || ||
|-
||| || || ||
|-
||| || || ||
|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
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|-
||| || || ||
|-
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|-
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|-
||| || || ||
|-
||| || || ||
|-
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|-
||| || || ||
|-
||| || || ||
|-
|}

==1931 in film==
{| class="wikitable" width= "100%"
|-
! width=17% | Title
! width=19% | Director
! width=27% | Cast
! width=13% | Genre
! width=24% | Notes
|-
| {{Yearheader}} | '''1931'''
|-
|[[The Last Kiss (1931 film)|The Last Kiss]]|| Ambuj Gupta || Lolita, Charubala Devi, Khaza Azmal, Khaza Nasrullah || ||
|-
||| || || ||
|-
||| || || ||
|-
||| || || ||
|-
||| || || ||
|-
||| || || ||
|-
|}

==1932 in film==
{| class="wikitable" width= "100%"
|-
! width=17% | Title
! width=19% | Director
! width=27% | Cast
! width=13% | Genre
! width=24% | Notes
|-
| {{Yearheader}} | '''1932'''
|-
||| || || ||
|-
||| || || ||
|-
||| || || ||
|-
||| || || ||
|-
||| || || ||
|-
||| || || ||
|-
|}

==1934 in film==
{| class="wikitable" width= "100%"
|-
! width=17% | Title
! width=19% | Director
! width=27% | Cast
! width=13% | Genre
! width=24% | Notes
|-
| {{Yearheader}} | '''1934'''
|-
|[[Niyoti (1934 film)|Niyoti]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q58484558|title=Niyoti}}</ref> ||[[Jogesh Chowdhury]] ||[[Sailen Chowdhury]], [[Ajit Bhattacharya]], [[Nripesh Ray]], [[Kanti Bandyopadhyay]], [[Sishubala]], [[Hena Debi]], [[Kamala Debi]], [[Santoshil Goswami]], [[Umashankar Mukhopadhyay]] || ||
|-
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery widths=180>
Image:Harishchandra.jpg|A poster of [[Satyawadi Raja Harishchandra]]
Image:Dena_paona_1931.jpg|A scene from [[Dena Paona (film)|Dena Paona]], 1931 - first Bengali talkie
Image:Devdas35.jpg
Image:Pramathesh Barua and Jamuna Barua in Devdas, 1935.jpg
Image:1931_Alam_arya.jpg
</gallery>

==See also ==
* [[Bengali Film Directory]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.tollynewz.com/ TollyNewZ.com A Portal on Bengali Cinema]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080204210951/http://www.calcuttaweb.com/cinema/cinema.shtml Bengali cinema at www.calcuttaweb.com]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050825174306/http://mail.sarai.net/pipermail/reader-list/2003-September/008496.html History]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20161112074334/http://www.banglacinema.net/ www.banglacinema.net A Portal on Bengali Cinema]
*[http://www.bengalifilm.com/index.php www.bengalifilm.com]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080616083952/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/indiancinema/?browse=language&start=Bengali Indian Cinema Database]

{{Cinema of West Bengal}}
{{Indian film list}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Silent Bengali Films}}
[[Category:Indian silent films| ]]
[[Category:Cinema of Bengal|Silent]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian films|Silent Bengali]]

Government Engineering College, Thrissur

2026-01-21T22:19:05Z

JessDudley8515: updated intro additionally and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Engineering college in Kerala, India}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}

{{more citations needed|date=December 2020}}

{{Infobox university
| name = Government Engineering College, Thrissur
| image = gec thrissur.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Main block of the institute at [[Thrissur]]
| motto = {{lang|hi|യോഗ കർമസു കൗശലം}} ({{lang|hi-Latn|Yoga Karmasu Kaushalam}})
| mottoeng = ''Perfection in skill through practice''
| established = 1957
| type = Public Institute for Technology and Research
| principal = Dr. Solomon P A
| city = [[Thrissur, Kerala]]
| academic_affiliation = {{ubl|[[University of Kerala]] (1957-1968)|[[University of Calicut]] (1968-2015)|[[APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University]] (since 2015)}}
| campus = {{convert|75|acre|km2}}
| other_name = GEC-T
| country = India
| website = {{url|gectcr.ac.in}}
| logo = GEC Thrissur Logo.JPG
}}

The '''Government Engineering College Thrissur (GEC-T)''' is a public engineering and research institute located in [[Thrissur, Kerala]], India. During its establishment in 1957, it was the second-oldest public engineering institute to be established in the state of [[Kerala]] after [[College of Engineering, Trivandrum|CET]] (1939) and the first public institute of technology to be established after the formation of the state in 1956. The institute is affiliated to the [[APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University]] (KTU) since its inception in 2015.

==History==
The institute was originally located at the Chembukkavu campus of the [[Maharaja's Technological Institute]] in 1957. The foundation stone of the institute was laid by the late [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Pandit Jawarharlal Nehru]], the first [[Prime Minister of India]], on 26 April 1958. The institute was shifted into its present campus in October 1960. The institute was formally inaugurated by late [[Pattom A. Thanu Pillai]], former Chief Minister of Kerala, on 2 February 1962. The campus is spread over an area of {{convert|75|acre|km2}} and is located at [[Ramavarmapuram]] which is 5 km from the centre of [[Thrissur]] and 6 km from [[Thrissur Junction|Thrissur Railway station]].

Besides the regular B-Tech courses, the institute also offers a postgraduate Course in Computer Applications (MCA), and postgraduate programmes in other subjects. Courses offered by the institute have been accredited by the National Board of Accreditation, AICTE, and Council of Architecture (B.Arch).

===Rankings===
{{Infobox India university ranking
| type = University and college

|NIRF_E_2024=201-300}}

The [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF) ranked it between 201-300 band in engineering institutes of India in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIRF Ranking 2024 |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2024/pdf/Report/IR2024_Report.pdf}}</ref>

==Student life==
The College Union conducts the annual National Level Tech fest Dyuthi<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dyuthi|url=https://www.facebook.com/dyuthigec/|access-date=2021-11-14|website=www.facebook.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=dyuthi XX|url=https://www.dyuthi.in/|access-date=2021-11-14|website=www.dyuthi.in}}</ref> which includes technical, cultural as well as sporting events.

A TEDx event was organised by students of GEC, Thrissur in April 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tedxgect.com/ |title=TEDxGECT |access-date=9 July 2022 |archive-date=20 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820235218/https://tedxgect.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The theme of the event was "Reality Check". This was the first TEDx event in Central Kerala.

==Notable alumni==
{{More citations needed section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Koppillil Radhakrishnan|K Radhakrishnan]], Padma Bhushan, Former Chairman, [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-06/kochi/30482238_1_radhakrishnan-doctorates-vikram-sarabhai-space-centre
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616052404/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-06/kochi/30482238_1_radhakrishnan-doctorates-vikram-sarabhai-space-centre
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=16 June 2013
|work=[[The Times of India]]
|title=ISRO chief Radhakrishnan felicitated
|access-date=14 June 2013}}</ref>
* [[Madhavan Chandradathan|M. Chandra Dathan]], Padmashree, Former Director, [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre|Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC)]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/new-vssc-director/article6164975.ece?ref=sliderNews|title=New VSSC director|author=Special Correspondent|work=The Hindu|date=July 2014}}</ref>
* [[Babu Bharadwaj]], writer and journalist<ref>[https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/renowned-malayalam-writer-journalist-babu-bharadwaj-passes-away.html "Renowned writer-journalist Babu Bharadwaj passes away"]. ''Malayala Manorama''. 31 March 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2021.</ref>
* [[T. G. Ravi]], Malayalam film actor and MD of Suntec Tyres
* [[Anand Neelakantan]], writer
* [[Sreekumaran Thampi]], Lyricist, director, producer, screenwriter
* [[V. T. Balram]], Former MLA, Kerala Legislative Assembly
* [[Sagar Surya]], actor

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{official website|http://gectcr.ac.in/}}

{{Thrissur topics}}
{{Education in Kerala}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Government Engineering College, Thrissur| ]]
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Thrissur]]
[[Category:All India Council for Technical Education]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to the University of Kerala]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated with the University of Calicut]]
[[Category:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technological University, Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1957]]

Pramod Mande

2026-01-21T03:32:13Z

JessDudley8515: created basic post nd citations...

{{Short description|Indian historian and writer (1954–2017)}}
{{Orphan|date=June 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pramod Maruti Mande
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1954|12|18}}
| birth_place = [[Pune]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2017|10|17|1954|12|19}}
| death_place = [[Pune]], [[India]]
| occupation = Historian, Writer, Novelist
| parents = Maruti Mande
| children =
}}
'''Pramod Maruti Mande''' (18 December 1954 – 17 October 2017), popularly known as '''Bhau''', was an Indian historian and writer. He was rewarded as Durgamaharshi and Sahyadri Putra.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mpcnews.in/latest-news/item/9781-pune?jus1=2|title=Pramod Mande}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/about/|title=Latest Marathi News on Trending Topic, Politician, Political Parties, Bollywood and Marathi Celebrity, Sports Player, Latest Movies मराठी बातम्या Loksatta|website=Loksatta}}</ref> He specialised in writing about the history of Indian forts and freedom fighters.

==Works==
Mande travelled widely for 40 years and surveyed more than 2,000 forts, believing that forts must be seen and observed to understand the work of [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]]. He built up a collection of over 15,000 books on history, 3,000 slides and 200,000 photos of various forts, and more than 450 pictures and oil paintings of Indian freedom fighters.

He used to conduct two programs includes History of Shivaji Maharaj and Aazadi ke diwane. He travelled 2 times on the exact route of [[Rajgad]] to [[Agra]] and Agra to Rajgad, a route passed through seven states and over 1,000 kilometers on which Shivaji Maharaj had gone to Agra to meet Aurangzeb as per [[Treaty of Purandar (1665)|Treaty of Purandhar]]. He has delivered more than five thousands of lectures on Shivaji Maharaj to create interest about Shivaji Maharaj in younger generations.<ref>[https://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/pune-news/pramod-mande-is-no-more-pune-pramod-mande-pmc/articleshow/61123488.cms गडकिल्यांचे अभ्यासकप्रमोद मांडे यांचे निधन]</ref> His 200 exhibitions on history talks about his works.

He was associated with many organisations working on history. These included:
* पुणे व्हेंचर्स Pune Ventures
* श्री शिवाजी रायगड स्मारक मंडळ Shri Shivaji Raigad Smarak Mandal
* वडवानल प्रतिष्ठान Vadvanal Pratishtan
* भारत इतिहास संशोधक मंडळ Bhartiy itihas sanshodhan mandal
* लोकसेवा प्रतिष्ठान Lokseva pratishthan
* भक्तीशक्ती प्रतिष्ठान Bhaktishakti Pratishthan
* गडकिल्ले सेवा समिती Gadkille seva samiti
* झुंजार शिलेदार सेवा संस्था Zunjar Shiledar Seva Sanstha <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.esakal.com/pune/pune-news-pramod-mande-no-more-77791|title=दुर्गमहर्षी प्रमोद मांडे यांचे निधन|date=17 October 2017|website=Marathi News Esakal}}</ref>

==Books==
* FORTS & PALACES IN INDIA : Encyclopedia of 4000+ Forts & Palaces across India <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/Durgamaharshi/posts/pfbid02yhNmFsTDjBvbFT7efY51ME9EiVCRfFW3n8YSTHPrMF4CnBC5zGeBFRoir6vwSHA2l|title=भारतातील वैविध्यपूर्ण... - दुर्गमहर्षी प्रमोद मांडे विचारमंच}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.in/FORTS-PALACES-INDIA-Encyclopedia-Palaces/dp/8194216524/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1703764632&refinements=p_27%3APramod+Mande&s=books&sr=1-2|title=Buy FORTS & PALACES IN INDIA : Encyclopedia of 4000+ Forts & Palaces across India Book Online at Low Prices in India | FORTS & PALACES IN INDIA : Encyclopedia of 4000+ Forts & Palaces across India Reviews & Ratings - Amazon.in}}</ref>
* आझादी के दिवाने Azadi ke Diwane <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/Durgamaharshi/posts/pfbid0ujAMmsNUA8Z3dstXqndi2L17J8Vno1WtdiXAaLPjwj6FexXFFUVFrQSu2jUj4RoXl|title='दुर्ग-महर्षी' प्रमोद... - दुर्गमहर्षी प्रमोद मांडे विचारमंच}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.in/Azadi-Ke-Diwane-Marathi-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87/dp/8195441602/ref=sr_1_4?qid=1703764632&refinements=p_27%3APramod+Mande&s=books&sr=1-4|title=Amazon.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.in/Azadi-Ke-Diwane-Krantikarak-Marathi-ebook/dp/B09Y34KBFD/ref=sr_1_5?qid=1703764632&refinements=p_27%3APramod+Mande&s=books&sr=1-5|title=Azadi Ke Diwane: 4000+ Krantikarak.... (Marathi Edition) eBook : Mande, Pramod Maruti, Yadav, Aniket Ankush : Amazon.in: Kindle Store}}</ref>
* स्वातंत्र्य संग्रामातील अग्निशलाका Swatantrya sangramatil agnishalaka
* स्वातंत्र्य संग्रामातील अंगार Swatantrya sangramatil angar
* गड किल्ले महाराष्ट्राचे Gad kille Maharashtrache
* १११ क्रांतिकारकांचे संक्षिप्त चरित्र 111 Krantikarkanche sankshipt charitra
* स्वातंत्र्य संग्रामातील समिधा (चरित्रकथनात्मक) Swatantrya sangramatil samidha
* महाराष्ट्रातील रत्नभांडार Maharashtratil ratnabhandar
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bookganga.com/eBooks/Home|title=Marathi Books Store - BookGanga - Publication, Distribution|website=www.bookganga.com}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.in/Books-Pramod-Mande/s?ie=UTF8&page=1&rh=n%3A976389031%2Cp_27%3APramod%20Mande|title=Books by Pramod Mande|website=www.amazon.in}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Mande worked for [[Tata Motors]]. He took retirement after 22 years of service to concentrate on the research on forts.

==Death==
Mande died in [[Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital]], in [[Pune]] on 17 October 2017 due to illness at the age of 63.<ref>[https://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/pune-news/historian-pramod-mande-pases-awey/articleshow/61119487.cms दुर्गमहर्षी प्रमोद मांडे यांचे निधन]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLNkHjfrpafDnmaZRrXa9DGCFhL6oP5lzH Pramod Mande]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC18WFt4VD57iXXs8VvaBbzg Pramod Mande]
* https://www.facebook.com/Durgamaharshi
* [https://www.facebook.com/Durgamaharshi/videos/1207282259967458/ 12 reactions | लोकसेवा ई स्कूल आणि ज्युनियर कॉलेज, पाषाण येथे आज क्रांतिकारकांविषयी उत्तम व्याख्यानमाला आयोजित करण्यात आली होती. कार्यक्रमाचे वक्ते अनिकेत यादव सर यांनी अतिशय सोप्या आणि मनोरंजक पद्धतीने पावर पॉइंट प्रेझेंटेशन च्या द्वारे विद्यार्थ्यांना क्रांतिकारांविषयी व त्यांच्या बलीदान आणि धैर्याविषयीच्या घटना सांगितल्या. विद्यार्थ्यांना पारतंत्र्य व स्वातंत्र्य यातील फरक समजून सांगितला. भारताच्या स्वातंत्र्यात क्रांतिकारकांनी केलेल्या बलिदानाचे अनेक किस्से या व्याख्यानमालेत स्पष्ट करून सांगितले गेले. स्व. प्रमोद मांडे लिखित 'आजादी के दिवाने 'हा क्रांतिकारकांविषयीचा ग्रंथ अनिकेतजी यादव यांनी संपादित केलेला आहे. लोकसेवा स्कूलच्या विद्यार्थ्यांना असे अभ्यासू वक्ते लाभले. विद्यार्थ्यांच्या ज्ञानात भर पडली. कार्यक्रमास लोकसेवा स्कूलचे डायरेक्टर श्री शेफीमॉन सर व मुख्याध्यापिका सौ. चैत्राली जैन तसेच शिक्षकवृंद उपस्थित होते. हा कार्यक्रम संस्थेचे अध्यक्ष श्री. दीपक पायगुडे यांच्या मार्गदर्शनाखाली पार पडला. | दुर्गमहर्षी प्रमोद मांडे विचारमंच]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mande, Pramod}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:Marathi-language writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:Writers from Pune]]

1977 Indian general election in Bihar

2026-01-20T12:09:58Z

JessDudley8515: minor edit

{{Short description|Election in Bihar}}
{{For|Lok Sabha election|1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Infobox election
|election_name = 1977 Indian general election in Bihar
|country = India
|type = parliamentary
|previous_election = 1971 Indian general election in Bihar
|previous_year = 1971
|election_date =
|next_election = 1980 Indian general election in Bihar
|next_year = 1980
|seats_for_election = 54 seats to the [[Lok Sabha]]
|image1 =
|leader1 =
|party1 = [[Janata Party]]
|seats1 = 52
|image2 =
|leader2 =
|party2 = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|seats2 = 0
}}This is a list of successful candidates from constituencies in [[Bihar]] in the 1977 general elections to the [[5th Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the parliament of India.
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS.pdf |title=Statistical report on general elections, 1971 to the fifth Lok Sabha |publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref>

==Results by Party==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" | Party Name
! colspan="3" | Popular vote
! colspan="3" | Seats
|-
! Votes
! %
! ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! Contested
! Won
! '''+/−'''
|-
| {{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| colspan="3"|[[Janata Party|JP]] / [[Bharatiya Lok Dal|BLD]]
| 1,35,63,737
| 64.98
| {{new}}
| 52
| 52
| {{new}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| colspan="3"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| 47,81,142
| 22.90
| {{decrease}} 17.16
| 54
| 0
| {{decrease}} 39
|-
| {{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| colspan="3"|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
| 11,75,153
| 5.63
| {{decrease}} 4.22
| 22
| 0
| {{decrease}} 5
|-
| {{Party color cell|Jharkhand Party}}
| colspan="3"|[[Jharkhand Party|JHKP]]
| 1,26,288
| 0.60
| {{decrease}} 0.31
| 1
| 1
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| colspan="3"|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| 42,042
| 0.20
| {{decrease}} 0.56
| 2
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Other}}
| colspan="3" | Others
| 2,25,872
| 1.08
| {{steady}}
| 21
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
| colspan="3" | [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
| 9,60,672
| 4.60
| {{decrease}} 4.51
| 188
| 1
| {{steady}}
|-
! colspan="4" | Total
! 2,08,74,906
! 100%
! -
! 340
! 54
! -
|}

==Results by Constituency==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Constituency
! rowspan="2" |Turnout
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner-up
! colspan="2" |Margin
|-
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
! data-sort-type=number | Votes
! data-sort-type=number | %
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!data-sort-type=number | Votes
!data-sort-type=number | %
!data-sort-type=number | Votes
!data-sort-type=number | %
|-
!1
|[[Bagaha Lok Sabha constituency|Bagaha (SC)]]
|46.51%
|[[Jagannath Prasad Swatantra|Jagannath Prasad]]
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|138,443
|50.43
|Bhola Raut
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|97,755
|35.61
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|40,688
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|14.82
|-
!2
|[[Bettiah Lok Sabha constituency|Bettiah]]
|50.38%
|Fazlur Rahman
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|186,486
|58.74
|Kedar Pandey
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|90,158
|28.40
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|96,328
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|30.34
|-
!3
|[[Motihari Lok Sabha constituency|Motihari]]
|55.63%
|[[Thakur Ramapati Singh]]
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|167,732
|46.71
|Bibhuti Mishra
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|93,779
|26.11
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|73,953
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|20.60
|-
!4
|[[Gopalganj Lok Sabha constituency|Gopalganj]]
|63.11%
|[[Dwarka Nath Tiwary]]
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|294,466
|70.08
|Abdul Ghafoor
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|121,474
|28.91
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|172,992
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|41.17
|-
!5
|[[Siwan Lok Sabha constituency|Siwan]]
|67.34%
|[[Mrityunjay Prasad]]
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|325,030
|74.87
|Mohamad Yusuf
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|93,954
|21.64
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|231,076
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|53.23
|-
!6
|[[Maharajganj, Bihar Lok Sabha constituency|Maharajganj]]
|65.70%
|[[Ramdeo Singh]]
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|345,781
|77.96
|Daroga Prasad Roy
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|93,883
|21.17
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|251,898
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|56.79
|-
!7
|[[Chapra Lok Sabha constituency|Chapra]]
|73.89%
|[[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|415,409
|85.97
|Ram Shekhar Prasad Singh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|41,609
|8.61
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|373,800
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|77.36
|-
!8
|[[Hajipur Lok Sabha constituency|Hajipur (SC)]]
|77.07%
|[[Ram Vilas Paswan]]
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|469,007
|89.30
|Baleshwar Ram
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|44,462
|8.47
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|424,545
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|80.83
|-
!9
|[[Vaishali Lok Sabha constituency|Vaishali]]
|76.10%
|[[Digvijay Narain Singh]]
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|435,757
|85.03
|Nawal Kishore Singh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|70,260
|13.71
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|365,497
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|71.32
|-
!10
|[[Muzaffarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Muzaffarpur]]
|75.95%
|[[George Fernandes]]
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|396,687
|78.23
|Nitishwer Prasad Singh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|62,470
|12.32
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|334,217
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|65.91
|-
!11
|[[Sitamarhi Lok Sabha constituency|Sitamarhi]]
|69.81%
|[[Shyam Sunder Das]]
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|261,321
|52.49
|Nagendra Prasad Yadav
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|171,227
|34.39
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|90,094
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|18.10
|-
!12
|[[Sheohar Lok Sabha constituency|Sheohar]]
|62.18%
|Thakur Girjanandan Singh
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|241,672
|56.31
|[[Hari Kishore Singh]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|174,643
|40.69
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|67,029
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|15.62
|-
!13
|[[Madhubani Lok Sabha constituency|Madhubani]]
|68.40%
|[[Hukmdev Narayan Yadav]]
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|200,543
|42.86
|Bhogendra Jha
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|143,422
|30.65
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|57,121
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|12.21
|-
!14
|[[Jhanjharpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jhanjharpur]]
|74.71%
|Dhanik Lal Mandal
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|305,554
|65.78
|Jagannath Mishra
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|148,073
|31.88
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|157,481
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|33.90
|-
!15
|[[Darbhanga Lok Sabha constituency|Darbhanga]]
|66.42%
|Surendra Jha Suman
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|306,857
|73.57
|Radhanandan Jha
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|94,855
|22.74
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|212,002
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|50.83
|-
!16
|[[Rosera Lok Sabha constituency|Rosera (SC)]]
|69.07%
|Ram Sewak Hazari
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|311,240
|70.70
|Ram Bhagat Paswan
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|116,734
|26.52
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|194,506
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|44.18
|-
!17
|[[Samastipur Lok Sabha constituency|Samastipur]]
|70.69%
|Karpoori Thakur
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|401,935
|78.22
|Yamuna Prasad Mandal
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|74,501
|14.50
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|327,434
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|63.72
|-
!18
|[[Barh Lok Sabha constituency|Barh]]
|72.02%
|Shyam Sunder Gupta
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|372,227
|75.94
|Dharamvir Singh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|101,945
|20.80
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|270,282
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|55.14
|-
!19
|[[Balia, Bihar Lok Sabha constituency|Balia]]
|59.92%
|Ramajiwan Singh
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|146,772
|39.25
|Surya Narayan Singh
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|99,140
|26.51
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|47,632
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|12.74
|-
!20
|[[Saharsa Lok Sabha constituency|Saharsa]]
|68.08%
|Vinayak Prasad Yadav
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|306,994
|67.35
|Chiranjib Jha
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|118,288
|25.95
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|188,706
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|41.40
|-
!21
|[[Madhepura Lok Sabha constituency|Madhepura]]
|71.58%
|[[B. P. Mandal]]
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|301,076
|65.44
|[[Rajendra Prasad Yadav (Madhepura politician)|Rajendra Prasad Yadav]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|100,359
|21.81
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|200,717
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|43.63
|-
!22
|[[Araria Lok Sabha constituency|Araria (SC)]]
|58.86%
|Mahendra Narayan Sardar
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|221,829
|65.36
|Dumar Lal Baitha
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|113,295
|33.38
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|108,534
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|31.98
|-
!23
|[[Kishanganj Lok Sabha constituency|Kishanganj]]
|48.91%
|Halimuddin Ahmed
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|168,175
|58.58
|Jamilur Rahman
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|88,045
|30.67
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|80,130
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|27.91
|-
!24
|[[Purnia Lok Sabha constituency|Purnea]]
|59.73%
|Lakhan Lal Kapoor
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|199,034
|56.07
|Madhuri Singh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|106,997
|30.14
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|92,037
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|25.93
|-
!25
|[[Katihar Lok Sabha constituency|Katihar]]
|60.17%
|Yuvraj
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|215,074
|69.41
|[[Tariq Anwar (politician)|Tariq Anwar]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|85,285
|27.52
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|129,789
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|41.89
|-
!26
|[[Rajmahal Lok Sabha constituency|Rajmahal (ST)]]
|39.95%
|[[Anthony Murmu]]
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|148,677
|68.15
|Yofesh Chandra Murmu
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|56,191
|25.76
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|92,486
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|42.39
|-
!27
|[[Dumka Lok Sabha constituency|Dumka (ST)]]
|41.42%
|Bateshwar Hemram
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|115,386
|49.45
|Prithiwichand Kisku
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|62,132
|26.63
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|53,254
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|22.82
|-
!28
|[[Godda Lok Sabha constituency|Godda]]
|57.91%
|[[Jagadambi Prasad Yadav]]
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|250,749
|70.01
|Jagdish N. Mandal
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|91,758
|25.62
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|158,991
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|44.39
|-
!29
|[[Banka Lok Sabha constituency|Banka]]
|55.14%
|Limaye Madhu
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|239,550
|71.14
|Chandra Shekhar Singh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|78,866
|23.42
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|160,684
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|47.72
|-
!30
|[[Bhagalpur Lok Sabha constituency|Bhagalpur]]
|63.65%
|Dr. Ramji Singh
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|304,791
|71.74
|Bhagalpur
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|120,073
|28.26
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|184,718
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|43.48
|-
!31
|[[Khagaria Lok Sabha constituency|Khagaria]]
|63.14%
|Gyaneshwar Prasad Yadav
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|230,687
|57.22
|Jai N. Mehta
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|81,395
|20.19
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|149,292
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|37.03
|-
!32
|[[Munger Lok Sabha constituency|Monghyr]]
|74.00%
|Shri Krishna Singh
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|337,791
|66.15
|Devendra Prasad Yadav
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|164,174
|32.15
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|173,617
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|34.00
|-
!33
|[[Begusarai Lok Sabha constituency|Begusarai]]
|63.22%
|Shyam Nandan Mishra
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|185,382
|44.48
|Tarkeshri Sinha
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|150,154
|36.03
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|35,228
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|8.45
|-
!34
|[[Nalanda Lok Sabha constituency|Nalanda]]
|71.63%
|Birendra Prasad
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|284,684
|54.06
|Vijay Kumar Yadav
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|143,662
|27.28
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|141,022
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|26.78
|-
!35
|[[Patna Lok Sabha constituency|Patna]]
|68.02%
|Maha Maya Prasad Sinha
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|382,363
|76.61
|Ramavatar Shastri
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|59,238
|11.87
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|323,125
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|64.74
|-
!36
|[[Arrah Lok Sabha constituency|Arrah]]
|65.00%
|Chandradeo Prasad Verma
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|323,913
|70.67
|Baliram Bhagat
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|113,036
|24.66
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|210,877
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|46.01
|-
!37
|[[Buxar Lok Sabha constituency|Buxar]]
|63.38%
|Rama Nand Tiwary
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|286,418
|65.04
|Anant Prasad Sharma
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|82,705
|18.78
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|203,713
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|46.26
|-
!38
|[[Sasaram Lok Sabha constituency|Sasaram (SC)]]
|64.98%
|Jagjivan Ram
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|327,995
|78.49
|Mungeri Lall
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|84,185
|20.15
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|243,810
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|58.34
|-
!39
|[[Bikramganj Lok Sabha constituency|Bikramganj]]
|61.39%
|Ram Awadhesh Singh
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|248,578
|59.57
|Ram Subhag Singh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|96,827
|23.21
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|151,751
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|36.36
|-
!40
|[[Aurangabad, Bihar Lok Sabha constituency|Aurangabad]]
|61.44%
|Satyendra Narain Singh
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
|251,139
|61.76
|Ram Swaroop Yadav
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|130,692
|32.14
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|120,447
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|29.62
|-
!41
|[[Jahanabad Lok Sabha constituency|Jahanabad]]
|66.44%
|Hari Lal Prasad Sinha
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Janata Party|JP]]
|317,954
|64.85
|Chandrika Prasad Yadav
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|66,984
|13.66
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|250,970
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|51.19
|-
!42
|[[Nawada Lok Sabha constituency|Nawada (SC)]]
|69.87%
|Nathuni Ram
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Janata Party|JP]]
|429,785
|84.00
|Mahabir Chaudhary
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|67,084
|13.11
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|362,701
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|70.89
|-
!43
|[[Gaya Lok Sabha constituency|Gaya (SC)]]
|69.29%
|Ishwar Chaudhry
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Janata Party|JP]]
|341,000
|77.60
|Mishri Sada
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|92,682
|21.09
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|248,318
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|56.51
|-
!44
|[[Chatra Lok Sabha constituency|Chatra]]
|47.97%
|Sukdeo Prasad Verma
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Janata Party|JP]]
|203,878
|74.99
|Shankar Dayal Singh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|60,344
|22.19
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|143,534
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|52.80
|-
!45
|[[Kodarma Lok Sabha constituency|Kodarma]]
|43.38%
|Ritlal Prasad Verma
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Janata Party|JP]]
|169,387
|67.34
|Chaplendu Bhattacharyyia
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|53,359
|21.21
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|116,028
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|46.13
|-
!46
|[[Giridih Lok Sabha constituency|Giridih]]
|50.03%
|Ram Das Singh
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Janata Party|JP]]
|164,120
|58.35
|I. Ahmad
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|85,843
|30.52
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|78,277
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|27.83
|-
!47
|[[Dhanbad Lok Sabha constituency|Dhanbad]]
|45.39%
|A. K. Roy
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|205,495
|68.74
|Ram Narain Sharma
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|63,646
|21.29
|style="background:{{party color|Independent}}; color:black;"|141,849
|style="background:{{party color|Independent}}; color:black;"|47.45
|-
!48
|[[Hazaribagh Lok Sabha constituency|Hazaribagh]]
|47.73%
|[[Basant Narain Singh]]
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Janata Party|JP]]
|186,058
|64.67
|Damodar Pandey
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|44,941
|15.62
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|141,117
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|49.05
|-
!49
|[[Ranchi Lok Sabha constituency|Ranchi]]
|47.84%
|Ravindra Verma
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Janata Party|JP]]
|130,938
|49.02
|Sheo Prasad Sahu
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|68,222
|25.54
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|62,716
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|23.48
|-
!50
|[[Jamshedpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jamshedpur]]
|46.85%
|Rudra Pratap Sarangi
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Janata Party|JP]]
|131,419
|50.16
|V. G. Gopal
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|67,666
|25.83
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|63,753
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|24.33
|-
!51
|[[Singhbhum Lok Sabha constituency|Singhbhum (ST)]]
|34.46%
|[[Bagun Sumbrai]]
|{{Party color cell|Jharkhand Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Jharkhand Party|JKP]]
|126,288
|73.31
|Moran Singh Purty
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|24,422
|14.18
|style="background:{{party color|Jharkhand Party}}; color:white;"|101,866
|style="background:{{party color|Jharkhand Party}}; color:white;"|59.13
|-
!52
|[[Khunti Lok Sabha constituency|Khunti (ST)]]
|33.93%
|[[Kariya Munda]]
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Janata Party|JP]]
|91,859
|49.99
|Nirel Mundu
|{{Party color cell|Jharkhand Party}}
|[[Jharkhand Party|JKP]]
|56,976
|31.01
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|34,883
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|18.98
|-
!53
|[[Lohardaga Lok Sabha constituency|Lohardaga (ST)]]
|45.74%
|[[Laloo Oraon]]
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Janata Party|JP]]
|142,274
|56.93
|[[Kartik Oraon]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|77,391
|30.97
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|64,883
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|25.96
|-
!54
|[[Palamu Lok Sabha constituency|Palamau (SC)]]
|45.80%
|Ramdeni Ram
|{{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
|scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Janata Party|JP]]
|201,861
|77.56
|[[Kamla Kumari]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|39,022
|14.99
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|162,839
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}; color:white;"|62.57
|-
|}

==Post-election Union Council of Ministers from Bihar ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;"
|-
!#
!Name
!Constituency
!Designation
!Department
!From
!To
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|rowspan="2"|1
|rowspan="2"|[[Jagjivan Ram]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Sasaram Lok Sabha constituency|Sasaram (SC)]]
|Cabinet Minister
|Defence
|28 March 1977
|rowspan="2"|28 July 1979
|{{party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=6}}
|-
|colspan="2"|Deputy Prime Minister
|24 January 1979
|-
|rowspan="2"|2
|rowspan="2"|[[George Fernandes]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Muzaffarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Muzaffarpur]]
|rowspan="8"|Cabinet Minister
|Communications
|27 March 1977
|6 July 1977
|-
|Industry
|6 July 1977
|15 July 1979
|-
|rowspan="2"|3
|rowspan="2"|Ravindra Varma
|rowspan="2"|Ranchi
|Parliamentary Affairs
|rowspan="2"|26 March 1977
|rowspan="2"|28 July 1979
|-
|Labour
|-
|rowspan="2"|4
|rowspan="2"|Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra
|rowspan="2"|Begusarai
|External Affairs
|28 July 1979
|rowspan="5"|14 January 1980
|{{party name with color|Janata Party (Secular)|rowspan=5}}
|-
|Communications
|7 December 1979
|-
|rowspan="2"|5
|rowspan="2"|Fazlur Rahman
|rowspan="2"|Bettiah
|Labour
|30 July 1979
|-
|Muslim Waqfs
|7 December 1979
|-
|6
|Dhanik Lal Mandal
|Jhanjharpur
|MoS
|Home Affairs
|30 July 1979
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS.pdf]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120207153140/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok05/state/05lsbi.htm]

{{Bihar elections}}

[[Category:1977 Indian general election by state or union territory]]
[[Category:Indian general elections in Bihar]]
[[Category:1970s in Bihar]]

Panchayatana puja

2026-01-09T15:48:01Z

JessDudley8515:

{{short description| Worship practice related to Smarta tradition}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
[[File:Ganesha pachayatana.jpg|thumb|A Ganesha-centric ''Panchayatana'': Ganesha (centre) with Durga or Adi Shakti (top right), Shiva (top left), Vishnu (bottom left), and Surya (bottom right).]]

'''''Panchayatana puja''''' ([[IAST]] ''{{IAST|Pañcāyatana pūjā}}'') also known as '''Pancha Devi Deva Puja''' is a system of [[Puja (Hinduism)|''puja'']] (worship) in the [[Smarta Tradition|Smarta]] [[sampradaya]], which is one of four major ''sampradayas'' of [[Hinduism]].<ref name="Bühnemann2003p60">{{cite book |first=Gudrun |last=Bühnemann |year=2003 |title=Mandalas and Yantras in the Hindu Traditions |page=60 |publisher=BRILL Academic |isbn=978-9004129023 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kQf2m8VaC_oC&pg=PA60 |via=Google Books}}</ref> It consists of the worship of five deities set in a [[quincunx]] pattern,<ref name="Harle1994p141">{{cite book |first=James C. |last=Harle |year=1994 |title=The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent |pages=[https://archive.org/details/artarchitectureo00harl/page/140 140]–142, 191, 201-203 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-06217-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/artarchitectureo00harl |via=archive.org |url-access=registration}}</ref> the five deities being [[Ganesha]], [[Mahadevi]], [[Shiva]], [[Vishnu]] and [[Surya]].<ref name="Flood1996p17">{{cite book |first=Gavin D. |last=Flood |year=1996 |title=An Introduction to Hinduism |page=[https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0000floo/page/17 17] |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-43878-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0000floo |via=archive.org |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Diana L. |last=Eck |year=1998 |title=Darśan: Seeing the divine image in India |page=49 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-11265-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWqaD9Hz1bMC |via=Google Books}}</ref> Sometimes an [[Ishta Devata]] (any personal god of devotee's preference) or [[Kartikeya]] is the sixth deity in the mandala (see [[Shanmata]]).<ref name="Bühnemann2003p60"/>

Panchayatana puja has been attributed to [[Adi Shankara]], the 8th century [[Common Era|CE]] [[Hindu philosophy|Hindu philosopher]].<ref name="lexicon"/> It is a practice that became popular in medieval India.<ref name="Bühnemann2003p60"/> However, archaeological evidence suggests that this practice long predates the birth of Adi Shankara. Many Panchayatana mandalas and temples have been uncovered that are from the [[Gupta Empire]] period, and one Panchayatana set from the village of Nand (about 24 kilometers from [[Ajmer]]) has been dated to belong to the [[Kushan Empire]] era (pre-300 CE).<ref name="Williams1981p2">{{cite book |first=Frederick |last=Asher |editor=Joanna Gottfried Williams |year=1981 |title=Kalādarśana: American studies in the art of India |pages=1–4 |publisher=Brill Academic |isbn=90-04-06498-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-qoeAAAAIAAJ |via=Google Books}}</ref> The Kushan period set includes Shiva, Vishnu, Surya, Shakti and one deity whose identity is unclear.<ref name="Williams1981p2"/> According to James Harle, major Hindu temples from 1st millennium CE embed the ''pancayatana'' architecture very commonly, from [[Odisha]] to [[Karnataka]] to [[Kashmir]]; and the temples containing fusion deities such as [[Harihara]] (half Shiva, half Vishnu) are set in Panchayatana worship style.<ref name="Harle1994p141"/>

[[File:Dice-5sqb.svg|thumb|left|The typical arrangement of five icons or anicons in Pancayatana puja.]]
Philosophically, the Smarta tradition emphasises that all ''[[murti]]'' (idols) are icons of [[Saguna Brahman|''Saguna Brahman'']], a means to realising the abstract Ultimate Reality called ''[[Para Brahman|Nirguna Brahman]]''. The five or six icons are seen by [[Smartas]] as multiple representations of the one ''Saguna Brahman'' (i.e., a personal God, with form), rather than as distinct beings. The ultimate goal in this practice is to transition past the use of icons, then follow a philosophical and meditative path to understanding the oneness of ''[[Ātman (Hinduism)|Atman]]'' (soul, self) and ''[[Brahman]]'' – as "That art Thou."{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}

Depending on the tradition followed by Smarta households, one of these deities is kept in the center and the other four corners of a square surrounding it. Either an iconic idol(s) or aniconic representation(s) or a combination for each deity is used.<ref name="Bühnemann2003p60"/> The five may be represented as simply as five kinds of stones called a ''Pancayatana puja set'', or just five marks drawn on the floor.<ref name="lexicon">{{cite web |title=The Four Denominations of Hinduism |series=Basics of Hinduism |publisher=Kauai Hindu Monastery |website=Himalayan Academy |url=https://www.himalayanacademy.com/readlearn/basics/four-sects |access-date=28 September 2016 |archive-date=26 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726075754/http://www.himalayanacademy.com/readlearn/basics/four-sects |url-status=dead }}</ref> This arrangement is also represented in ''Smarta Pancayatana'' temples found in India, with one central shrine, and four smaller shrines at the corners of a square.<ref name="Bühnemann2003p60"/><ref>{{cite thesis |first=Falk |last=Reitz |year=1997 |url=http://crossasia-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/76/1/Pancayatana_1.pdf |title=Pancayatana-Komplexe in Nordindien: Entstehung, Entwicklung und regionale Besonderheiten einer indischen Architekturform |trans-title=Pancayatana complexes in North India: Origin, development and regional characteristics of an Indian form of architecture |degree=Ph.D. |lang=German |publisher=[[Free University of Berlin|Freie Universität Berlin]] |place=Berlin, DE}}</ref>

Panchayatana puja has predominantly been a tradition within Hinduism. However, the ''[[Udasi]]s'' – a tradition that reveres the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] of [[Sikhism]] – also worship the five panchayatana deities.<ref>{{cite book |first=James G. |last=Lochtefeld |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism |volume=A-M |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kl0DYIjUPgC&pg=PA61 |year=2002 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8 |pages=61 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=Pashaura |last1=Singh |first2=Louis E. |last2=Fenech |name-list-style=amp |year=2014 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |page=376 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-969930-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA376 |via=Google Books}}</ref>

==In Puranas==

Contrary to the objections raised by some rival schools of the Smarta sampradaya, the practice of Panchayatana Puja is found to be enshrined in several [[Puranas]] as well, further substantiating its ancient origins. The presence of this practice in all categories of Puranas, be it [[Vaishnava]], [[Shaiva]] or [[Shakta]] is a thorough testament to the fact of it being a widely popular form of worship in the ancient times.

The [[Narada Purana]] III.65.44-50 states:-

"44–50." ''When he worships Visnu in the middle, he shall worship Vinayaka, Ravi (Sun) Siva and Sivaa outside them. When he worships Sankara in the middle, he shall worship the Sun, Ganesa, Amba and Hari outside them. When he worships Siva in the middle, he shall worship Isa, Vighnesvara, the Sun and Govinda outside. If he worships Gananayaka (Ganesa) in the middle he shall worship Siva, Sivaa, the Sun and Visnu outside. When the Sun is worshipped in the middle he shall worship GaneSa, Visnu, Amba, and Siva respectively. Thus he shall worship respectfully the five deities every day''".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/naradapuranaeng031951ocrmotilalbanasirdass/page/n25/mode/2up?view=theater | title=Narada Purana ENG 03 1951 OCR Motilal Banasirdass }}</ref>

In the Kārttikamāsa-māhātmya of the [[Skanda Purana]] Lord [[Surya]] states:-

"16–18." ''Viṣṇu, Śarva, I, Goddess and Vighneśvara i.e. Gaṇeśa (are to be worshipped). Though I am only one, I have become five as in the case of a Stage Manager in the course of a play. Know, O lord of birds, that these are all our own different forms. Hence holy bath in the month of Kārttika should be taken for the purpose of dispelling all sins by Sauras (followers of the Sun), Gāṇeśas (followers of Vighneśvara), Śāktas (followers of Śakti or Goddess), Śaivas (followers of Śiva) and Vaiṣṇavas (followers of Viṣṇu).''".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-skanda-purana/d/doc371644.html | title=The Glory of Kārttika [Chapter 3] | date=27 February 2020 }}</ref>

In [[Padma Purana]] 6.88.43-44 Lord [[Krishna]] Tells [[Satyabhama]]:-

"''As the rainwater goes to the ocean, the followers of Śiva, the Sun, Gaṇeśa, Viṣṇu, so also the worshippers of Śakti come to me only. I am one, born in five ways, and play with names—as one Devadatta calls his sons etc. with (various) names.''"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12952/page/n29/mode/2up?view=theater | title=The Padma-Purana Part. 8 | year=1952 | publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers PVT. LTD, Delhi }}</ref>

The [[Devi-Bhagavata Purana]] 11.17.34-36 reads as follows:-

"''Thus the rules of the morning Sandhya are prescribed. Doing works so far, bid farewell to the above-mentioned Gayatri. Next finishing the Agnihotra Homa sacrifice, worship the five Devatas, S’iva, S’iva, Ganes’a, Surya and Visnu. Worship by the Purusa Sukta mantra, or by Hrim mantra, or by Vyahriti mantra or by S’rischate Laksmis’cha, etc., place Bhavani in the centre; Visnu in the north east corner, S’iva in the south-east corner; Ganes’a in the south-west corner, and the Sun in the north-west corner; and then worship them. While offering worship with the sixteen offerings, worship by repeating sixteen mantras.''"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/SrimadDeviBhagavatamEnglish/page/n805/mode/2up?view=theater | title=Srimad Devi Bhagavatam - English Translation }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Adi Shankara]]
*[[Shanmata]]
*[[Smartism]]

==References==
{{reflist|25em}}

{{Worship in Hinduism}}

[[Category:Worship in the Smarta tradition]]
[[Category:Adi Shankara]]
[[Category:Ganesha]]
[[Category:Shiva]]
[[Category:Vishnu]]
[[Category:Surya]]

1963 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

2025-12-25T07:21:18Z

JessDudley8515:

{{Short description|none}} 
{{Infobox hurricane season
|Track=1963 North Indian Ocean cyclone season summary map.png
|Basin=NIO
|Year=1963
|First storm formed=January 3, 1963 {{small|(record earliest)}}
|Last storm dissipated=December 7, 1963
|Strongest storm name=Three
|Strongest storm winds=130
|Strongest storm pressure=920
|Total disturbances=17
|Total depressions=11
|Total storms=6
|Total intense=4
|Fatalities=At least 11,735
|Damages=
|five seasons=[[1961 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|1961]], [[1962 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|1962]], '''1963''', [[1964 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|1964]], [[1965 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|1965]]
|Atlantic season=1963 Atlantic hurricane season
|East Pacific season=1963 Pacific hurricane season
|West Pacific season=1963 Pacific typhoon season
}}

The '''1963 North Indian Ocean cyclone season''' had no bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with peaks in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern [[Indian Ocean]]. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean—the [[Bay of Bengal]] to the east of the [[Indian subcontinent]] and the [[Arabian Sea]] to the west of India. The official [[Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre]] in this basin is the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD), while the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] releases unofficial advisories. An average of four to six storms form in the North Indian Ocean every season with peaks in May and November.<ref name="IMD">{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/services/cyclone/tropical-cyclone.htm |title=IMD Cyclone Warning Services: Tropical Cyclones |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |accessdate=May 10, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081104064430/http://www.imd.ernet.in/services/cyclone/tropical-cyclone.htm |archivedate=4 November 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cyclones occurring between the meridians [[45th meridian east|45°E]] and [[100th meridian east|100°E]] are included in the season by the IMD.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=January 2009 |accessdate=May 10, 2013 |title=Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over the North Indian During 2008 |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529004113/http://www.imd.ernet.in/services/cyclone/tropical-cyclone.htm |archivedate=May 29, 2009 }}</ref>
{{clear}}

==Season summary==
{{center|<timeline>
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from:03/01/1963 till:05/01/1963 color:DD text:"One"
from:18/05/1963 till:29/05/1963 color:ES text:"Two"
from:25/05/1963 till:29/05/1963 color:SU text:"Three"
from:06/06/1963 till:08/06/1963 color:DD text:"Four"
from:24/06/1963 till:26/06/1963 color:TD text:"Five"
from:04/07/1963 till:06/07/1963 color:TD text:"Six"
from:09/08/1963 till:14/08/1963 color:TD text:"Seven"
barset:break
from:07/09/1963 till:16/09/1963 color:DD text:"Eight"
from:25/09/1963 till:29/09/1963 color:DD text:"Nine"
from:05/10/1963 till:07/10/1963 color:TD text:"Ten"
from:13/10/1963 till:17/10/1963 color:TS text:"Eleven"
from:19/10/1963 till:28/10/1963 color:VS text:"Twelve-Fourteen"
from:24/10/1963 till:26/10/1963 color:TD text:"Thirteen"
from:24/11/1963 till:25/11/1963 color:TD text:"Fifteen"
barset:break
from:29/11/1963 till:07/12/1963 color:TS text:"Sixteen"
from:30/11/1963 till:06/12/1963 color:DD text:"Seventeen"

bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas
from:01/01/1963 till:31/01/1963 text:January
from:01/02/1963 till:28/02/1963 text:February
from:01/03/1963 till:31/03/1963 text:March
from:01/04/1963 till:30/04/1963 text:April
from:01/05/1963 till:31/05/1963 text:May
from:01/06/1963 till:30/06/1963 text:June
from:01/07/1963 till:31/07/1963 text:July
from:01/08/1963 till:31/08/1963 text:August
from:01/09/1963 till:30/09/1963 text:September
from:01/10/1963 till:31/10/1963 text:October
from:01/11/1963 till:30/11/1963 text:November
from:01/12/1963 till:31/12/1963 text:December
</timeline>}}

==Systems==

===Deep Depression One===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Track=
|Image=DeepDepression01-1963.png
|Formed=January 3
|Dissipated=January 5
|Type1=deepdepression
|3-min winds=25
|1-min winds=25
|Pressure=
}}
This tropical depression stalled for three days.<ref name="DDOne">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|year=1963|accessdate=May 13, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Deep depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED272.pdf|pages=1–2}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Two===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Image=Cropped Tiros VI mosaic of Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm (1963-05-24).png
|Track=ESCSTwo-1963.png
|Formed=May 18
|Dissipated=May 29
|Type1=
|3-min winds=105
|1-min winds=65
|Pressure=947
}}
On May 19, a tropical disturbance formed over the Laccadive Islands, before tracking northwest towards the Arabian peninsula. The system achieved cyclone intensity on May 22. On May 24, a [[United States Weather Bureau]] [[reconnaissance aircraft]] flew into the {{convert|12|mi|km|abbr=on|order=flip}} eye of the storm, encountering winds of 193 km/h (120 mph).<ref name="david">{{cite journal|author =David Membery|title=Monsoon tropical cyclones: Part 2|journal=Weather|volume=57|issue=7|date=July 2002|doi=10.1256/004316502760195911|pages=246–255|bibcode=2002Wthr...57..246M|doi-access=free}}</ref> A ship {{convert|111|km|mi}} west of the system reported winds of {{convert|68|kn|km/h}}. At Salalah, a strong northerly wind set in during the morning of May 25. Later in the day, winds increased to [[gale]] force and a [[dust storm|sandstorm]] reduced visibility to {{convert|400|m|ft}}. Later in the day of May 26 winds again increased to [[gale]] force and another sandstorm reduced visibility to {{convert|500|m|ft}}. As winds increased to {{convert|60|kn|km/h}} the sandstorm became more severe, with visibility restricted to {{convert|50|m|ft}}. Late on the night of the 26th, winds shifted to northeast and heavy rains fell across the region through the morning hours. Skies remained cloudy with periods of rain into May 28. A total of {{convert|230|mm|in}} was recorded at Salalah.<ref name="OmanTC">{{cite journal|journal=Weather|volume=57|pages=247–255|date=July 2002|title=Monsoon Tropical Cyclones: Part 2|author=David Membery|number=7|publisher=[[Royal Meteorological Society]]|doi=10.1256/004316502760195911|bibcode = 2002Wthr...57..246M |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="SCSTwo">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|year=1963|accessdate=May 13, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Severe cyclonic storm in the Arabian Sea|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED272.pdf|pages=2–5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Desai |first=Bn |date=1967-01-01 |title=On the formation, direction of movement and structure of the Arabian Sea Cyclone of 20-29 May 1963 |url=https://mausamjournal.imd.gov.in/index.php/MAUSAM/article/view/3994 |journal=MAUSAM |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=61–68 |doi=10.54302/mausam.v18i1.3994 |issn=0252-9416|doi-access=free }}</ref>

An estimated 22,000 people were reported to have died, while a further 500,000 were left homeless.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://poot.montanapetroleum.org/en/department-national-defence/services/military-history/history-heritage/past-operations/asia-pacific/east-pakistan-1963.html|title=Pakistan 1963|website=poot.montanapetroleum.org|access-date=18 July 2022}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Super Cyclonic Storm Three===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Track=
|Image=SCSThree-1963.png
|Formed=May 25
|Dissipated=May 29
|Type1=
|3-min winds=130
|1-min winds=130
|Pressure=920
}}
One of the strongest cyclones ever recorded in the Northern Indian Ocean. Had the lowest known pressure in the basin until it was surpassed by the [[1991 Bangladesh cyclone]].<ref name="SCSThree">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|year=1963|accessdate=May 13, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Severe cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED272.pdf|pages=6–9}}</ref> Killed 11,520 people in Bangladesh.<ref name="Deadliest">{{cite journal|journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society|author =Neil L. Frank|author2=S. A. Husain|author3=National Hurricane Center, Pakistan Meteorological Department|title=The Deadliest Tropical Cyclone in History?|date=June 1971|pages=438–444|volume=52|issue=6|doi=10.1175/1520-0477(1971)052<0438:TDTCIH>2.0.CO;2|bibcode=1971BAMS...52..438F|doi-access=free}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Deep Depression Four===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Track=
|Image=DeepDepressionFour-1963.png
|Formed=June 6
|Dissipated=June 8
|Type1=
|3-min winds=30
|1-min winds=25
|Pressure=991
}}
Produced torrential rains over parts of eastern India, peaking at {{convert|910|mm|in|abbr=on}} in [[Cherrapunji]].<ref name="DDFour">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|year=1963|accessdate=May 13, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Deep depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED272.pdf|pages=9–11}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Depression Five===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Track=
|Image=Depression05-1963.png
|Formed=June 24
|Dissipated=June 26
|Type1=
|3-min winds=25
|1-min winds=25
|Pressure=999
}}
This tropical depression moved from east to west.<ref name="DFive">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|year=1963|accessdate=May 13, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED272.pdf|pages=11–12}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Depression Six===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Track=
|Image=Depression06-1963.png
|Formed=July 4
|Dissipated=July 6
|Type1=niodepression
|3-min winds=
|1-min winds=25
|Pressure=
}}
This tropical depression moved from east to west.<ref name="DSix">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|year=1963|accessdate=May 13, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED272.pdf|pages=12}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Depression Seven===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Track=
|Image=Depression07-1963.png
|Formed=August 9
|Dissipated=August 14
|Type1=
|3-min winds=25
|1-min winds=25
|Pressure=991
}}
This tropical depression moved from east to west.<ref name="DSeven">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|year=1963|accessdate=May 13, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED272.pdf|pages=12–13}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Deep Depression Eight===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Track=
|Image=Depression08-1963.png
|Formed=September 7
|Dissipated=September 16
|Type1=deepdepression
|3-min winds=25
|1-min winds=25
|Pressure=990
}}
Heavy rains from the storm triggered severe flooding that killed at least 200 people.<ref name="DDEight">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|year=1963|accessdate=May 13, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Deep depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED272.pdf|pages=13–14}}</ref> The storm moved from east to west.
{{clear}}

===Deep Depression Nine===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Track=
|Image=DeepDepression09-1963.png
|Formed=September 25
|Dissipated=September 28
|Type1=
|3-min winds=30
|1-min winds=25
|Pressure=996
}}
At least 15 people were killed by flooding triggered by the depression in Orissa.<ref name="DDNine">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|year=1963|accessdate=May 13, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Deep depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED272.pdf|pages=15}}</ref> The storm was formerly in the Western Pacific as [[1963 Pacific typhoon season#CMA Late September Tropical Depression|an unnamed CMA tropical depression]].
{{clear}}

===Depression Ten===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Track=
|Image=Depression10-1963.png
|Formed=October 5
|Dissipated=October 7
|Type1=niodepression
|3-min winds=30
|1-min winds=25
|Pressure=995
}}
Some loss of life was reported in East Pakistan.<ref name="DTen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|year=1963|accessdate=May 13, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED272.pdf|pages=16}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Cyclonic Storm Eleven===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Track=
|Image=CS11-1963.png
|Formed=October 13
|Dissipated=October 17
|Type1=
|3-min winds=40
|1-min winds=35
|Pressure=999
}}
<ref name="CSEleven">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|year=1963|accessdate=May 13, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Cyclonic storm in the Arabian Sea|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED272.pdf|pages=16–18}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Twelve-Fourteen===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Track=
|Image=VSCS12-14 1963.png
|Formed=October 19
|Dissipated=October 28
|Type1=
|3-min winds=80
|1-min winds=65
|Pressure=984
}}
Significant damage and flooding took place in India, with some loss of life reported.<ref name="SCSTwelve">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|year=1963|accessdate=May 13, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Severe cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED272.pdf|pages=18–19}}</ref> The storm was classified under two different designations, but was reanalyzed to be one system.<ref name="SCSFourteen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|year=1963|accessdate=May 13, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Severe cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED272.pdf|pages=20–22}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Depression Thirteen===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Track=
|Image=Depression13-1963.png
|Formed=October 24
|Dissipated=October 26
|Type1=niodepression
|3-min winds=30
|1-min winds=25
|Pressure=
}}
The storm moved from south to north.<ref name="DThirteen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|year=1963|accessdate=May 13, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED272.pdf|pages=20}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Depression Fifteen===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Track=
|Image=Depression15-1963.png
|Formed=November 24
|Dissipated=November 25
|Type1=
|3-min winds=25
|Pressure=
}}
This tropical depression moved from south to north.<ref name="DFifteen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|year=1963|accessdate=May 13, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Depression in the Arabian Sea|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED272.pdf|pages=22}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Cyclonic Storm Sixteen===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Track=
|Image=CS16-1963.png
|Formed=November 29
|Dissipated=December 7
|Type1=
|3-min winds=35
|1-min winds=35
|Pressure=1002
}}
This cyclonic storm moved from east to west.<ref name="CSSixteen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|year=1963|accessdate=May 13, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Cyclonic storm in the Arabian Sea|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED272.pdf|pages=22–24}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Deep Depression Seventeen===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=NIO
|Track=
|Image=DeepDepression17-1963.png
|Formed=November 30
|Dissipated=December 6
|Type1=
|3-min winds=30
|1-min winds=35
|Pressure=1004
}}
This storm moved from east to west.<ref name="DDSeventeen">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|year=1963|accessdate=May 13, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Deep depression in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED272.pdf|pages=24–26}}</ref>
{{clear}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* [[North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone]]
* [[List of tropical cyclone records]]
* [[1963 Atlantic hurricane season]]
* [[1963 Pacific hurricane season]]
* [[1963 Pacific typhoon season]]
* Australian region cyclone seasons: [[1962–63 Australian region cyclone season|1962–63]] [[1963–64 Australian region cyclone season|1963–64]]
* South Pacific cyclone seasons: [[1962–63 South Pacific cyclone season|1962–63]] [[1963–64 South Pacific cyclone season|1963–64]]
* South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: [[1962–63 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|1962–63]] [[1963–64 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|1963–64]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150517005046/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cyclone.htm India Meteorological Department]
*[http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/ Joint Typhoon Warning Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809201922/http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/ |date=2015-08-09 }}

{{TC Decades|Year=1960|basin=North Indian Ocean|type=cyclone}}
{{Tropical cyclone season|1963}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1963 North Indian Ocean Cyclone Season}}
[[Category:1963 North Indian Ocean cyclone season| ]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in India]]
[[Category:1963 in India]]

2012 Indian Federation Cup final

2025-12-23T21:14:47Z

JessDudley8515: created a page

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox football match
| title = 2012 Indian Federation Cup final
| image =
| caption =
| event = [[2012 Indian Federation Cup]]
| team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| team1score = 3
| team2 = [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
| team2score = 2
| details = '''After Extra Time'''
| date = 30 September 2012
| stadium = [[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
| city = [[Siliguri]], [[West Bengal]]
| man_of_the_match1a =
| referee = Vishnu Chawhan ([[Gujarat]])<ref name="referee">{{cite news |title=East Bengal vs Dempo Sports Club LIVE Commentary |url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/94449/east-bengal-vs-dempo-sports-club/play-by-play |work=Goal.com |publisher=Goal.com |date=30 September 2012 |accessdate=16 December 2012 |archive-date=4 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104235112/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/94449/east-bengal-vs-dempo-sports-club/play-by-play |url-status=live }}</ref>
| attendance = 35,000<ref name=Attendance>{{cite web|title=East Bengal win Federation Cup|url=http://www.espnstar.com/football/news/detail/item866181/|work=ESPN Star Sports|accessdate=16 December 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130122100716/http://www.espnstar.com/football/news/detail/item866181/|archive-date=22 January 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
| weather =
| previous = [[2011 Indian Federation Cup final|2011]]
| next = [[2013 Indian Federation Cup final|2013]]
}}
The '''2012 Indian Federation Cup final''' was the 34th final of the [[Federation Cup (India)|Indian Federation Cup]], the top knock-out competition in [[India]], and was contested between [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] and [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] on 30 September 2012.

East Bengal won the final 3–2, to claim their eighth Federation Cup title. [[Climax Lawrence]] put Dempo in front in the 51st minute but [[Arnab Mondal]] equalized for East Bengal in the 60th minute. The match then went into extra-time as [[Manandeep Singh]] scored the winner for East Bengal in the 100th minute before [[Chidi Edeh]] scored the third goal for East Bengal in the 109th minute to seal the victory and championship before [[Mahesh Gawli]] scored the consolation for Dempo.<ref>{{cite web|last=Noronha |first=Anselm |title=East Bengal 3-2 Dempo SC: Trevor Morgan gifted with a Federation Cup title on his birthday |url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/94449/east-bengal-vs-dempo-sports-club/report |publisher=Goal.com |accessdate=28 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103205134/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/94449/east-bengal-vs-dempo-sports-club/report |archivedate=3 November 2012 }}</ref>

==Route to the final==
{{see also|2012 Indian Federation Cup}}

===East Bengal===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em;float:right"

!scope=col width="25" | Round
!scope=col width="150" | Opposition
!scope=col width="50" | Score
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:center"| GS
| [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
| 1–1
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:center"| GS
| [[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]
| 2–1
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:center"| GS
| [[Kalighat MS]]
| 4–3
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:center"| SF
| [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
| 1–0
|}
East Bengal entered the [[2012 Indian Federation Cup]] automatically as they were already in the [[I-League]]. They were placed in Group C along with [[Sporting Clube de Goa]], [[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]], and [[Kalighat MS]] and their matches were played in [[Siliguri]].<ref name=FixturesOut>{{cite web|last=Choudhuri|first=Arunava|title=34th Federation Cup: Complete Fixtures out!|url=https://arunfoot.blogspot.com/2012/08/34th-federation-cup-complete-fixtures.html?m=1|work=Arunava Choudhuri|accessdate=24 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316122855/http://arunfoot.blogspot.com/2012/08/34th-federation-cup-complete-fixtures.html?m=1|archive-date=16 March 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The tournament got off to a mixture start for East Bengal as they drew their opening match 1–1 against Sporting Goa with new Nigerian signing [[Chidi Edeh]] scoring his first goal for the club in the 10th minute from the penalty spot.<ref>{{cite web|last=Srivastava|first=Ayush|title=Sporting Clube de Goa 1-1 East Bengal - Victorino Fernandes salvages a point for the Flaming Oranje|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/91305/sporting-clube-de-goa-vs-east-bengal/report|work=Goal.com|accessdate=18 November 2012|archive-date=29 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929074240/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/91305/sporting-clube-de-goa-vs-east-bengal/report|url-status=live}}</ref> The club then won their first game of the season in their second match of the tournament on 23 September 2012 against [[ONGC F.C.]] in which East Bengal came back from 0–1 down to 2–1 winners after Edeh and other new signing, [[India national football team|India]] international, [[Manandeep Singh]] scored two goals to gift Bengal the victory.<ref>{{cite web|last=Noronha |first=Anselm |title=East Bengal 2-1 ONGC FC: The Red and Gold keep semi-finals hope alive |url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/91306/east-bengal-vs-ongc-fc/report |work=Goal.com |accessdate=18 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928064456/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/91306/east-bengal-vs-ongc-fc/report |archivedate=28 September 2012 }}</ref> East Bengal then confirmed promotion out of the group stage of the Federation Cup to the Semi-Finals after a remarkable come from behind victory in their last game at the group stage to [[Kalighat MS]] in which East Bengal came back from 2–0 to tie the score up at 2–2 through two goals from Manandeep Singh in the 26th and 30th minute but then East Bengal had to come from behind again after Kalighat took the lead again to go up 3–2 with Edeh scoring two goals to win the game for East Bengal 4–3 and send them to the semi-finals.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vaz |first=John |title=East Bengal 4-3 Kalighat MS: Red and Gold brigade come out on top in 7 goal thriller |url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/93303/east-bengal-vs-kalighat-milan-sangha/report |work=Goal.com |accessdate=18 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102181634/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/93303/east-bengal-vs-kalighat-milan-sangha/report |archivedate=2 November 2012 }}</ref>

In the semi-finals East Bengal took on [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] and after finishing regulation time tied at 0–0 the match went into 30-minute extra-time where East Bengal would eventually take the lead from former Churchill Brothers youngster [[Lalrindika Ralte]] in the 111th minute of play which then allowed East Bengal to win the match 1–0 and send them to the final.<ref>{{cite web|last=Noronha |first=Anselm |title=Churchill Brothers SC 0-1 East Bengal: A late Ralte strike sends Subhas Bhowmick's side packing |url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/94164/churchill-brothers-sc-vs-east-bengal/report |work=Goal.com |accessdate=18 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103060026/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/94164/churchill-brothers-sc-vs-east-bengal/report |archivedate=3 November 2012 }}</ref>

===Dempo===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em;float:right"

!scope=col width="25" | Round
!scope=col width="150" | Opposition
!scope=col width="50" | Score
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:center"| GS
| [[Pailan Arrows]]
| 1–1
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:center"| GS
| [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
| 1–0
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:center"| GS
| [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]
| 4–0
|-
!scope=row style="text-align:center"| SF
| [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]
| 2–0
|}

Dempo entered the [[2012 Indian Federation Cup]] automatically as they were already in the [[I-League]]. They were placed in Group A along with [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]], [[Pailan Arrows]], and [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]] and their matches were played in [[Jamshedpur]].<ref name=FixturesOut>{{cite web|last=Choudhuri|first=Arunava|title=34th Federation Cup: Complete Fixtures out!|url=https://arunfoot.blogspot.com/2012/08/34th-federation-cup-complete-fixtures.html?m=1|work=Arunava Choudhuri|accessdate=24 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316122855/http://arunfoot.blogspot.com/2012/08/34th-federation-cup-complete-fixtures.html?m=1|archive-date=16 March 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The tournament got off to a mix start as well for Dempo as they drew against [[Pailan Arrows]] 1–1 in their first match with [[Clifford Miranda]] scoring the equalizer for Dempo after [[Holicharan Narzary]] gave Pailan the lead.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vaz |first=John |title=Pailan Arrows 1-1 Dempo SC: Arrows hold the Goan heavyweights to secure a point |url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/91296/dempo-sports-club-vs-pailan-arrows/report |work=Goal.com |accessdate=16 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923232810/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/91296/dempo-sports-club-vs-pailan-arrows/report |archivedate=23 September 2012 }}</ref> Dempo then won their first match of the tournament in their second match of the group stage against [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]] with Clifford Miranda again being the goalscorer for Dempo as they won 1–0.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vaz|first=John|title=Dempo SC 1-0 Shillong Lajong FC: I-League defending champions take control of Group A|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/93304/dempo-sports-club-vs-shillong-lajong-fc/report|work=Goal.com|accessdate=16 December 2012}}</ref> Dempo then confirmed their place into the semi-finals of the Federation Cup with a demolition performance over [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]] in their last group match in which they won 4–0 with Miranda scoring one goal for the club and [[Nigeria]]n [[Koko Sakibo]] scoring a hat-trick.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vaz|first=John|title=Dempo 4-0 Mumbai FC: Armando Colaco's men march into the semi-finals|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/91301/mumbai-fc-vs-dempo-sports-club/report|work=Goal.com|accessdate=16 December 2012|archive-date=6 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106170848/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/91301/mumbai-fc-vs-dempo-sports-club/report|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the semi-finals Dempo took on reigning [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] champions from [[2011 Indian Federation Cup Final|2011]] [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]] on 27 September 2012 in a match that was eventually won by Dempo 2–0 with goals coming from [[Joaquim Abranches]] in the 70th minute and Koko Sakibo in the 84th minute to send the Goan club to the final.<ref>{{cite web|last=Noronha|first=Anselm|title=Dempo SC 2-0 Salgaocar FC: Abranches and Sakibo score to dismantle Bencherifa's side|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/94165/dempo-sports-club-vs-salgaocar-football-club/report|work=Goal.com|accessdate=16 December 2012|archive-date=1 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101013538/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/94165/dempo-sports-club-vs-salgaocar-football-club/report|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Match==
===Details===
{{footballbox
|date=30 September 2012
|time=18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score= 3 – 2
|aet = yes
|report=[https://web.archive.org/web/20121103205134/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/94449/east-bengal-vs-dempo-sports-club/report Report]
|team2=[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|goals1=[[Arnab Mondal|Mondal]] {{goal|60}} [[Manandeep Singh|Singh]] {{goal|100}} [[Chidi Edeh|Edeh]] {{goal|109}}
|goals2=[[Climax Lawrence|Lawrence]] {{goal|51}} [[Mahesh Gawli|Gawli]] {{goal|111}}
|stadium=[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]], [[Siliguri]]
|attendance=35,000 (est.)<ref name=Attendance/>
|referee=Vishnu Chawhan ([[Gujarat State Football Association|Gujarat]])<ref name="referee"/>
}}

{| width=92%
|-
|{{Football kit
|pattern_b = _EastBengal_12_13_Home
|pattern_la =
|pattern_ra =
|pattern_sh =
|pattern_so = _2 gold stripes
|leftarm = FFDF00
|body = FFDF00
|rightarm = FF0000
|shorts = 000000
|socks = FF0000
|title = East Bengal
}}
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la =
| pattern_b = _collarwhite
| pattern_ra =
| leftarm = 0000FF
| body = 0000FF
| rightarm = 0000FF
| shorts = 0000FF
| socks = 0000FF
| title = Dempo
}}
|}

{| width="100%"
|valign="top" width="40%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|colspan="4"|
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
|GK ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Abhijit Mondal]]
|-
|RB ||'''29'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saumik Dey]]
|-
|CB ||'''3''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arnab Mondal]]
|-
|CB ||'''2'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Raju Gaikwad]]
|-
|LB ||'''8''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Naoba Singh]]
|-
|RM ||'''7'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Harmanjot Khabra]] || || {{suboff|91}}
|-
|CM ||'''14'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mehtab Hossain]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])
|-
|CM ||'''18''' ||{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Penn Orji]]
|-
|LM ||'''35''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ishfaq Ahmed]] || || {{suboff|79}}
|-
|ST ||'''26'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Manandeep Singh]]
|-
|ST ||'''10'''||{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Chidi Edeh]] || || {{suboff|114}}
|-
|colspan=4|'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|GK ||'''30'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gurpreet Singh Sandhu]]
|-
|DF ||'''25'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Robert Lalthalma]] || || {{subon|114}}
|-
|DF ||'''34''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Subodh Kumar]]
|-
|MF ||'''15'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanju Pradhan]] || || {{subon|79}}
|-
|MF ||'''21'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalrindika Ralte]] || || {{subon|91}}
|-
|FW ||'''6''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Baljit Sahni]]
|-
|FW ||'''38'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Seminlen Doungel]]
|-
|colspan=4|'''Manager:'''
|-
|colspan="4"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Trevor Morgan (footballer)|Trevor Morgan]]
|}
|valign="top"|
|valign="top" width="50%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align=center
|colspan="4"|
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
|GK ||'''1'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Subhasish Roy Chowdhury]]
|-
|RB ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Creson Antao]]
|-
|CB ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Debabrata Roy]]
|-
|CB ||'''28'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mahesh Gawli]]
|-
|LB ||'''18'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Valeriano Rebello]]
|-
|MF ||'''6''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Peter Carvalho]] || {{yel|39}}
|-
|MF ||'''15'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Clifford Miranda]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]]) || || {{suboff|79}}
|-
|MF ||'''8'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Climax Lawrence]] || || {{suboff|103}}
|-
|MF ||'''14''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anthony Pereira]] || {{yel|78}} || {{suboff|96}}
|-
|ST ||'''17'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Joaquim Abranches]]
|-
|ST ||'''11''' ||{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Koko Sakibo]]
|-
|colspan=4|'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|GK ||'''31'''||{{flagicon|IND}} Tyson Caiado
|-
|DF ||'''16'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Samir Subash Naik]]
|-
|DF ||'''25'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rowilson Rodrigues]]
|-
|MF ||'''20'''||{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Ryuji Sueoka]] || || {{subon|79}}
|-
|MF ||'''7'''||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Godwin Franco]] || || {{subon|103}}
|-
|MF ||'''19''' ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Romeo Fernandes]] || || {{subon|96}}
|-
|FW ||'''29'''||{{flagicon|IND}} Cliffton Gonsalves
|-
|colspan=4|'''Manager:'''
|-
|colspan="4"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Armando Colaco]]
|}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Federation Cup (India)}}
{{2012-13 in Indian football}}
{{2012 in Asian Football (AFC)}}
{{SC East Bengal}}

[[Category:2012 Indian Federation Cup|1]]
[[Category:East Bengal Club matches]]
[[Category:Dempo SC matches]]
[[Category:Indian Federation Cup finals]]

Faltu (TV series)

2025-12-20T20:38:41Z

JessDudley8515: Creating the details w/ sources...

{{short description|Indian drama television series}}
{{About|the television series|the 2006 film|Faltu|the 2011 film|F.A.L.T.U}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Faltu (TV series).jpg
| caption =
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| creator =
| based_on = 
| developer =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| director = Sanjay Satavase
Maanish Singh
Vinod Rautela
| creative_director = Aarooshee sood
| starring = {{ubl|[[Niharika Chouksey]]|[[Aakash Ahuja]]}}
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 291
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Sushanta Das
| cinematography = Indranil Singha
| editor = 
| camera = Multi-camera 
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = Boyhood Productions
| network = [[StarPlus]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2022|11|02|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2023|08|20|df=yes}}
}}
'''''Faltu''''' ({{Translation}} ''Useless'') is an Indian [[Hindi-language]] [[drama (film and television)|drama]] television series produced under Boyhood Productions, starring [[Niharika Chouksey]] and [[Aakash Ahuja]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tv-show-faltu-to-tell-story-of-unwanted-girl-child/articleshow/94537234.cms | title=TV show 'Faltu' to tell story of unwanted girl child - Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=29 September 2022 }}</ref> It premiered on 2 November 2022 on [[StarPlus]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/television/star-plus-announces-its-new-show-with-the-lead-actors-name-as-faltu| title=Star Plus announces its new show with the lead actor's name as Faltu | website=[[The Free Press Journal]] }}</ref> and digitally streams on [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/tv-show-faltu-to-tell-story-of-unwanted-1503116303.html|title=TV show 'Faltu' to tell story of unwanted girl child|website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=September 29, 2022}}</ref> It ended on 20 August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Faltu' all set to go off-air, Niharika Chouksey gets candid about her journey in show. |website=[[ThePrint]] |date=20 August 2023 |url=https://theprint.in/feature/faltu-all-set-to-go-off-air-niharika-chouksey-gets-candid-about-her-journey-in-show/1722494/}}</ref>

==Plot==
The story revolves around an unwanted girl, Faltu, named ''useless''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-29 |title=Star Plus launches new show titled Faltu starring Niharika Chouksey and Aakash Ahuja; story to revolve around the inspirational journey of a girl: Bollywood News |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/star-plus-launches-new-show-titled-faltu-starring-niharika-chouksey-aakash-ahuja-story-revolve-around-inspirational-journey-girl/ |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> after her parents' frustration at the birth of a third girl and a stillborn twin son.

===18 years later===
Faltu grew up in a feudal family in rural Rajasthan, being ill-treated and disregarded by everyone except her father and cousin Pratap for her gender, birth order, and passions. Rejecting the traditional role of a [[meek]] and homemaking woman, Faltu harbors a love for cricket, playing with various improvised bats like sticks and brooms, further drawing the mockery of the village while she fights against the stigma trying to make her family proud.

===5 months later===
{{More plot|date=April 2024}}
After 5 months, things change when Faltu crosses paths with Ayaan Mittal, who is the son of a wealthy CEO and a proficient cricketer despite swearing off the sport. He is visiting her village with his cousin Suhana for business. He notices her talent despite bad first impressions, and his offer of coaching her begins a new journey in her unacknowledged life.

Complications in their budding relationship loom as Ayaan is engaged to Tanisha in an arranged marriage among family friends back in Mumbai. Faltu must also resist an arranged marriage with an older man and many other social ills along the way. Ayaan comes and takes Faltu with him to Mumbai and takes her to his Paternal Aunt Rijwala. Pappi (Faltu's fianće) comes behind Faltu till Mumbai. Soon Ayaan's family invites Rijwala and her husband to Ayaan's wedding and Faltu also comes with them. Ayaan helps Faltu achieve her Dreams in [[Mumbai]] and sends her to Mumbai Women's National Cricket Academy. But unfortunately, one day when Faltu visits the doctor is informed that she has an illness that can cause blindness and she has only three months to see. She does not want Ayaan to know the truth and increase his troubles.

Suddenly one day everybody learns the truth that Ayaan eloped Faltu from her wedding and that he had gone mia from his pre-wedding rituals multiple times trying to help Faltu. They disapprove of Faltu staying with them. Faltu leaves the house and starts living on the streets and faces many harsh circumstances. On Ayaan's wedding day with Tanisha, Pappi discovers Faltu's whereabouts and kidnaps her. Pappi tries to forcefully marry Faltu but Ayaan learns that Faltu has been kidnapped and comes to save Faltu, but only after taking permission from Tanisha this time.

Ayaan gets injured, accidentally fills Faltu's hairline with vermillion, and falls unconscious. Soon Faltu also gets blind and cannot see anything. The police arrive and take Ayaan with them but Faltu runs away and hides in a jungle. Ayaan still asks the police for Faltu but they do not tell him anything. Ayaan arrives home and starts the rituals for marrying Tanisha. Tanisha also chooses to trust him and asks the police to locate Faltu seeing Ayaan worried, making him happy. Faltu meanwhile escapes the police as she wants to go away from Ayaan's life to not make his life difficult, but starts wearing vermillion and [[mangalsutra]] of Ayaan's name.

Tanisha soon learns about the truth with the help of Ayaan's cousin, Siddharth, who is insanely in love with the former. Suspecting and eventually growing envious, Tanisha begins plotting against Faltu, including creating distances and misunderstandings between her and Ayaan. During this, she gets framed for using unfair means to achieve her dreams and Ayaan learns of his marriage with Faltu. He then secretly tries to locate Faltu, who is missing. Faltu then enters the Mittal mansion as Rocky to learn who framed her. However, the truths are soon revealed and Tanisha is exposed in front of the family.

Ayaan soon realizes he is not happy in his marriage with Tanisha, and that he is in love with Faltu. Once the family learns of this, most of them disapprove of it. However, a series of events then lead to Tanisha and Ayaan divorcing.

On an event, Ayaan's father, Janardhan brutally humiliates Faltu's family for their status. Upon seeing the same, Ayaan takes a big decision and marries Faltu publicly with all rituals and legality. Facing unacceptance from the family, Ayaan stands by Faltu at all odds and begins her cricket training.

To take revenge, Tanisha then marries Siddharth thus re-entering the Mittal Mansion as Faltu's cousin-in-law. Bringing a shocker to Ayaan, Faltu, and the family, Tanisha vows to ruin their lives for the insult she faced.

Tanisha begins her revenge against the Mittals by using her mother, Kanika's contacts in order to take away their business. After usurping their business she plans to also sell the house so that Ayaan can come back to her but Ayaan and Faltu fight back by talking to their lawyers on how to get back their business.

Later, Tanisha informs the family that they should prepare as there is a party at home very soon and that she has a big surprise for Ayaan and Faltu. On the night of the party, Ayaan goes to the office to search for evidence in order to prove that Kanika and Tanisha are illegally usurping their property and that Sid and his mother are supporting them but gets locked in the document room while searching so Faltu goes to see him. After some time, Tanisha realizes that they are missing and orders everyone to search for them as her plan can not push through without Ayaan and Faltu.

Faltu manages to save Ayaan and they arrive back at the party so as to avoid being caught by Tanisha but during the party, Ayaan is arrested in a fraud case and taken to jail.

==Cast==
===Main===
*Niharika Chouksey as Faltu Singh Mittal: Charan and Jamuna's youngest daughter; Lajwanti and Antima's sister; Pappi's ex-fiancee, Pratap and Som's cousin; Ayaan's wife (2022–2023)
*[[Aakash Ahuja]] as Ayaan Mittal: Savita and Prakash's son; Janardhan's step-son; Kinshuk's half-brother; Siddharth and Suhana's step-cousin; Tanisha's ex-husband; Faltu's husband (2022–2023)

===Recurring===
*Drishti Thakur as Tanisha Mittal: Kanika's estranged daughter; Ayaan's ex–wife and one-sided obsessive love interest; Siddharth's estranged wife(2022–2023)
*Thakur Rajveer Singh as Pappi Ji: Faltu's ex-fiancé who is twice Faltu's age(2022-2023)
*Farida Venkat as Mayavati Thakur: Janardhan, Govardhan, Harshvardhan and Rijula's mother; Kinshuk, Siddharth and Suhana's grandmother; Ayaan's adoptive grandmother(2022–2023)
*[[Mahesh Thakur]] as Janardhan Mittal: Mayavati's elder son; Govardhan, Harshvardhan and Rijula's elder brother; Savita's husband; Kinshuk's father; Ayaan's step-father(2022–2023)
*Vibhavari Pradhan as Savita Mittal: Janardhan's wife; Prakash former lover; Ayaan and Kinshuk's mother(2022–2023)
*Azhar J Malik as Kinshuk Mittal: Janardhan and Savita's son; Ayaan's younger half-brother; Siddharth and Suhana's cousin; Ayesha's husband(2022–2023)
*Esha Pathak as Ayesha Mittal: Kinshuk's wife(2022–2023)
*Jiten Mukhi as Govardhan Mittal: Mayavati's middle son; Janardhan's younger brother; Harshvardhan and Rijula's elder brother; Sumitra's husband; Siddharth's father(2022–2023)
*[[Rakhi Vijan]] as Sumitra Mittal: Govardhan's wife; Siddharth's mother(2022–2023)
*Rajat Verma as Siddharth "Sid" Mittal: Govardhan and Sumitra's son; Kinshuk and Suhana's cousin; Ayaan's younger step-cousin; Tanisha's estranged husband(2022–2023)
*Rajeev Bhardwaj as Harshvardhan Mittal: Mayavati's younger son; Janardhan and Govardhan's younger brother; Rijula's elder brother; Kumkum's husband; Suhana's father(2022–2023)
*Akshaya Bhingarde as Kumkum Mittal: Harshvardhan's wife; Suhana's mother(2022–2023)
*Myra Singh as Suhana Mittal: Harshvardhan and Kumkum's daughter; Kinshuk and Siddharth's cousin; Ayaan's younger step-cousin(2022–2023)
*Vibhuti Thakur as Rijula Mittal Agarwal: Mayavati's daughter; Janardhan, Govardhan and Harshvardhan's younger sister; Alok's wife(2022)
*Jay Zaveri as Alok Agarwal: Rijula's husband(2022)
*Monica Sharma as Jamuna Singh: Charan's wife; Lajwanti, Antima and Faltu's mother(2022–2023)
*Jaideep Singh as Charan Singh: Jamuna's husband; Lajwanti, Antima and Faltu's father(2022–2023)
*Kajal Rathore as Lajwanti Singh: Jamuna and Charan's eldest daughter; Antima and Faltu's sister; Pratap and Som's cousin(2022–2023)
*Peehu Biswas as Antima Singh: Jamuna and Charan's second daughter; Lajwanti and Faltu's sister; Pratap and Som's cousin(2022–2023)
*Priyanka Rathod as Angoori Singh: Ratan's wife; Pratap and Som's mother(2022–2023)
*Faiz Mohammad Khan as Ratan Singh: Charan's brother; Angoori's husband; Pratap and Som's father(2022–2023)
*Aaryan Shah as Pratap Singh: Angoori and Ratan's younger son; Som's brother; Lajwanti, Antima and Faltu's cousin(2022–2023)
*Darsh Kothari as Som Singh: Angoori and Ratan's elder son; Pratap's brother; Lajwanti, Antima and Faltu's cousin(2022–2023)
*[[Sonia Singh]] as Kanika: Tanisha's estranged mother; Janardhan's best friend(2022–2023)
*Pulkit Bangia as Neel: Brijmohan's grandson(2023)
*[[Anang Desai]] as Brijmohan: Neel's grandfather(2023)
*Saloni Sandhu as Shanaya Sachdeva: Ruhan's sister(2023)
*Sagar Wahi as Ruhan Sachdeva: Shanaya's brother(2023)

==Production==
===Casting===
Niharika Chouksey<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/niharika-chouksey-in-and-as-faltu-437083|title=Niharika Chouksey in and as 'Faltu'|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref> was cast as the female lead, and later [[Aakash Ahuja]] was confirmed as the male lead.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/thapki-pyaar-ki-2-fame-aakash-ahuja-joins-new-tv-show-faltu-details-inside/articleshow/94131388.cms | title=Thapki Pyaar ki 2' fame Aakash Ahuja joins new TV show 'Faltu'? Details inside - Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=11 September 2022 }}</ref>

===Development===
The series was announced by Boyhood Productions and confirmed in September 2022 by [[StarPlus]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/photos/heres-what-makes-faltu-refreshing-and-one-of-a-kind-show-on-air-currently-11366291.html|title=Here's what makes Faltu refreshing and one-of-a-kind show on air currently|date=September 30, 2022|website=Firstpost}}</ref> The shooting of the series began in September 2022 in [[Jaipur]], India.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/actor-aakash-ahuja-celebrates-his-birthday-with-the-entire-cast-and-crew-of-faltu/articleshow/94247085.cms | title=Actor Aakash Ahuja celebrates his birthday with the entire cast and crew of Faltu - Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=16 September 2022 }}</ref>

===Release===
The first promo was released on 30 September 2022, featuring the leads Niharika Chouksey and [[Aakash Ahuja]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/star-plus-drops-the-promo-of-show-faltu-1503116687.html|title=Star Plus drops the promo of show 'Faltu'|website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=September 30, 2022}}</ref> [[StarPlus]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/tv-show-faltu-to-tell-story-of-unwanted-girl-child-news-226763|title=TV Show 'Faltu' To Tell Story Of Unwanted Girl Child|date=29 September 2022|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] }}</ref> released and promoted the show as a "unique story of an unwanted girl child."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/star-plus-upcoming-show-faltu-takes-over-social-media-while-creating-a-trend-1503116882.html|title=Star Plus upcoming show 'Faltu' takes over social media while creating a trend|website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=October 1, 2022}}</ref>

===Cancellation===
Despite positive response from the audience, ''Faltu'' was slated to go off-air on 7 August 2023, to make way for [[Director's Kut Productions]]' ''[[Baatein Kuch Ankahee Si]]'', however the show received an extension.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-26 |title=Faltu: Does Aakash Ahuja feel channel should have taken a better call over its abrupt ending? Find out |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/faltu-does-aakash-ahuja-feel-channel-should-have-taken-a-better-call-over-its-abrupt-ending-find-out-1232153 |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Our show Faltu was doing well, I'm shocked it's going off air: Niharika Chouksey |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/our-show-faltu-was-doing-well-im-shocked-its-going-off-air-niharika-chouksey/articleshow/102103042.cms |access-date=2023-07-28 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The show finally went off-air on 20 August 2023.

==See also==
*[[List of programmes broadcast by StarPlus]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/faltu/1260121083 ''Faltu''] on [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

{{Star Plus Shows}}
{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian television sitcoms]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Jaipur]]
[[Category:StarPlus original programming]]

Gurpreet Singh Sandhu

2025-12-19T17:56:33Z

JessDudley8515: Refined content and updated sections

{{Short description|Indian footballer (born 1992)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Gurpreet Singh Sandhu
| image = Gurpreet Singh Sandhu 2019 AFC Asian Cup.jpg
| caption = Sandhu with India at the [[2019 AFC Asian Cup|2019 Asian Cup]]
| fullname = Gurpreet Singh Sandhu
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|2|3|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mohali]], India
| height = {{height|m=1.97|precision=0}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fbref.com/en/players/2b921c12/Gurpreet-Singh-Sandhu|title=Gurpreet Singh Sandhu|access-date=6 February 2021|archive-date=7 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207141901/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/goalkeeper-13370-gurpreet-singh-sandhu-profile|url-status=live}}</ref>
| position = [[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]]
| currentclub = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| clubnumber = 1
| youthyears1 = 2000–2009
| youthclubs1 = [[St. Stephen's School, Chandigarh|St. Stephen's FA]]
| youthyears2 = 2009–2010
| youthclubs2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| years1 = 2009–2014
| clubs1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| caps1 = 44
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2010–2011
| clubs2 = → [[Pailan Arrows]] (loan)
| caps2 = 0
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2014–2017
| clubs3 = [[Stabæk Fotball|Stabæk]]
| caps3 = 3
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2017–
| clubs4 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| caps4 = 164
| goals4 = 0
| nationalyears1 = 2010
| nationalteam1 = [[India national under-19 football team|India U19]]
| nationalcaps1 = 10
| nationalgoals1 = 0
| nationalyears2 = 2010–2012
| nationalteam2 = [[India national under-23 football team|India U23]]
| nationalcaps2 = 9
| nationalgoals2 = 0
| nationalyears3 = 2011–
| nationalteam3 = [[India national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps3 = 83
| nationalgoals3 = 0
| pcupdate = 12 April 2025
| ntupdate = 18 November 2025
| medaltemplates = {{Medal|Sport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{fb|IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[SAFF Championship]]}}
{{Medal|W| [[2011 SAFF Championship|2011 India]]|}}
{{Medal|W| [[2015 SAFF Championship|2015 India]]|}}
{{Medal|W| [[2021 SAFF Championship|2021 Maldives]]|}}
{{Medal|W| [[2023 SAFF Championship|2023 India]]|}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[CAFA Nations Cup]]}}
{{Medal|3rd|[[2025 CAFA Nations Cup|2025 Tajikistan–Uzbekistan]]|[[2025 CAFA Nations Cup squads#India|Team]]}}
}}

'''Gurpreet Singh Sandhu''' (born 3 February 1992) is an Indian professional [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[goalkeeper (association football)|goalkeeper]] for [[Indian Super League]] club [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] and [[Captain (association football)|captains]] the [[India national football team]]. He is widely regarded as one of the best goalkeepers in Indian football.

Sandhu was named [[Captain (association football)|captain]] of the India national team for the first time in a friendly match against [[Puerto Rico national football team|Puerto Rico]] on 3 September 2016. He captained the team to a 4–1 victory.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7380 |title='Fantastic Four' for India to outwit Puerto Rico |access-date=17 August 2017 |publisher=All India Football Federation |publication-date=3 September 2016 |archive-date=17 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817123728/https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7380 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Nilanjan Datta |date=2 September 2016 |title=Young India 'Ready' to take on Puerto Rico |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7378 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924231759/https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7378 |archive-date=24 September 2016 |access-date=3 September 2016 |publisher=All India Football Federation}}</ref>

He has achieved several distinctions: the inaugural Indian to play a competitive match for the first team of a top-division [[European Club Association|European club]];<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 April 2015|first=Debayan|last=Mukherjee|title=Gurpreet Singh Sandhu is first Indian to play for top division European club|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Gurpreet-Singh-Sandhu-is-first-Indian-to-play-for-top-division-European-club/articleshow/47034426.cms|access-date=19 January 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=20 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020031953/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Gurpreet-Singh-Sandhu-is-first-Indian-to-play-for-top-division-European-club/articleshow/47034426.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> fifth Indian to play professionally in Europe succeeding [[Mohammed Salim (footballer)|Mohammed Salim]], [[Bhaichung Bhutia]], [[Sunil Chhetri]] and [[Subrata Pal]];<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 July 2017|title=5 Indian Footballers Who Played in Europe|url=https://www.90min.com/in/posts/5244043-5-indian-footballers-who-played-in-europe|access-date=19 January 2021|website=90min.com|language=en|archive-date=3 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703150737/https://www.90min.com/in/posts/5244043-5-indian-footballers-who-played-in-europe|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportsrahi |date=2019-10-18 |title=best indian football players : With Football becoming a trending sport in India widely watched by… |url=https://medium.com/@abhi.ratthi4856/best-indian-football-players-with-football-becoming-a-trending-sport-in-india-widely-watched-by-1c5104aa1431 |access-date=2023-10-10 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> and the first Indian to play in the [[UEFA Europa League]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7375 |title=Constantine has made an impact on 'character building:' Gurpreet |publisher=All India Football Federation |date=31 August 2016 |access-date=3 September 2016 |archive-date=24 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924231825/https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7375 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Early life==
He was born in a [[Sikhs|Sikh]] [[Jat]] family in [[Mohali, Punjab]]. He started playing football at the age of 9.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 June 2019|title=Interview: Indian National Goalkeeper Gurpreet Singh Sandhu about the role of a goalkeeper and football in India|url=https://www.puma-catchup.com/interview-indian-national-goalkeeper-gurpreet-singh-sandhu-about-the-role-of-a-goalkeeper-and-football-in-india/|access-date=19 January 2021|website=PUMA CATch up|language=en-US|archive-date=26 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426131003/https://www.puma-catchup.com/interview-indian-national-goalkeeper-gurpreet-singh-sandhu-about-the-role-of-a-goalkeeper-and-football-in-india/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Club career==
===Early career===
Gurpreet took up the game of football at the age of eight and joined the [[St. Stephen's School, Chandigarh|St Stephen's Academy]] in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 October 2020|title=Gurpreet Singh Sandhu: I can't repay what St. Stephen's has done for me|url=https://khelnow.com/football/gurpreet-singh-sandhu-indian-football-journey/|access-date=19 January 2021|website=Khel Now|language=en-US|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129192244/https://khelnow.com/football/gurpreet-singh-sandhu-indian-football-journey|url-status=live}}</ref> After good performances at the St Stephen's Academy, Gurpreet was selected for his state youth team, the Punjab U16s. He made his youth state level debut in 2006 in [[Haldwani]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 January 2015|title=Indian goalkeeper Gurpreet Sandhu created history; becomes first Indian to play for top division European club|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/gurpreet-sandhu-became-first-indian-since-1936-to-play-for-top-division-european-club-236307-2015-01-19|access-date=19 January 2021|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=3 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703150737/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/gurpreet-sandhu-became-first-indian-since-1936-to-play-for-top-division-european-club-236307-2015-01-19|url-status=live}}</ref> He stayed at St. Stephen's Academy until 2009 when he joined [[I-League]] side [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] as a youth player and spend the rest of 2009 playing for the Kolkata-based teams' youth team.<ref>{{cite news |author=Kallol Das|url=http://www.eastbengaltherealpower.com/news/464/East-Bengal-Club-Signs-India-U-19-Goalkeeper-Gurpreet-Singh-%20East%20Bengal%20signs%20India%20u-19%20Goalkeeper%20Gurpreet%20Singh%20Sandhu |title=East Bengal signs India u-19 Goalkeeper Gurpreet Singh Sandhu |publisher=East Bengal: The Real Power |date=9 November 2009 |access-date=10 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315033857/http://www.eastbengaltherealpower.com/news/464/East-Bengal-Club-Signs-India-U-19-Goalkeeper-Gurpreet-Singh-%20East%20Bengal%20signs%20India%20u-19%20Goalkeeper%20Gurpreet%20Singh%20Sandhu |archive-date=15 March 2012 }}</ref>

===East Bengal===
In 2010, Gurpreet officially signed a professional contract with [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] and made five appearances for East Bengal before the end of the [[2009–10 I-League|2009–10 season]]. For the [[I-League 2010-11|2010–11 season]], Gurpreet was loaned out to [[Pailan Arrows]], seeking regular game time but ended the season with no caps for Indian Arrows, as they were called then.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 March 2018|title=Gurpreet Singh Sandhu signs new 5-year contract with Bengaluru FC|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/gurpreet-singh-sandhu-signs-new-5-year-contract-with-bengaluru-fc/story-khDFXX2A1lu0ss45J53WuI.html|access-date=19 January 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315035551/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/gurpreet-singh-sandhu-signs-new-5-year-contract-with-bengaluru-fc/story-khDFXX2A1lu0ss45J53WuI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He started the [[2011-12 I-League|2011–12 season]] as the second choice goalkeeper for [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] during the [[2011 Indian Federation Cup|2011 Federation Cup]], but after the Federation Cup, Gurpreet took over as the first choice 'keeper for East Bengal's [[I-League]] campaign. He started in first game of the [[2011–12 I-League]] campaign in their 0–1 loss to [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/69199/east-bengal-vs-churchill-brothers-sc/report |title=East Bengal 0–1 Churchill Brothers: Opara's First Half-Strike Enough For The Goans To Register An Away Victory |publisher=Goal.com |access-date=10 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412161313/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/69199/east-bengal-vs-churchill-brothers-sc/report |archive-date=12 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He made his debut in continental competitions in Asia on 6 March 2012 in the [[2012 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]] against [[Al-Oruba SC|Al-Oruba]] which East Bengal lost 0–1<ref>{{cite news |publisher=Goal.com |url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/3629/afc-cup/2012/03/06/2949600/east-bengal-0-1-al-orouba-the-red-and-gold-pay-for-a |title=East Bengal 0–1 Al Orouba: The Red and Gold pay for a defensive lapse in spite of being the superior team in both halves |access-date=10 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311021342/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/3629/afc-cup/2012/03/06/2949600/east-bengal-0-1-al-orouba-the-red-and-gold-pay-for-a |archive-date=11 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and played his last continental match of the season against [[Kazma SC]] on 9 October 2012 which ended 1–2 with East Bengal losing the game.<ref>{{Cite web|title=East Bengal v Kazma Starting XIs, 09/05/12, AFC Cup {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/east-bengal-v-kazma/lineups/19rgvmi84whun82e73ypdt979|access-date=20 January 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=3 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703150738/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/east-bengal-v-kazma/lineups/19rgvmi84whun82e73ypdt979|url-status=live}}</ref> He played his first match of the [[2012–13 I-League]] season against [[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]] on 10 November 2012 as a substitute goalkeeper in the 68th minute of the game which ended 0–1 to East Bengal<ref>{{Cite web|title=United Sikkim v East Bengal Starting XIs, 11/10/12, I-League {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/united-sikkim-v-east-bengal/lineups/5rnd362h3hq8ml53tswquvf85|access-date=20 January 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=28 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128070104/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/united-sikkim-v-east-bengal/lineups/5rnd362h3hq8ml53tswquvf85|url-status=live}}</ref> and played his last match of the season on 4 May 2013 in a 2–2 draw against [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo SC]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dempo v East Bengal Starting XIs, 04/05/13, I-League {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/dempo-v-east-bengal/lineups/6x9yc05rfhzqdjvsbno821rrp|access-date=20 January 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=28 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128045458/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/dempo-v-east-bengal/lineups/6x9yc05rfhzqdjvsbno821rrp|url-status=live}}</ref> Gurpreet played his first match of the [[2013–14 I-League]] season against [[Rangdajied United FC|Rangdajied United]] on 17 December which ended 1–2 to East Bengal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rangdajied United v East Bengal Starting XIs, 07/12/13, I-League {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/rangdajied-united-v-east-bengal/lineups/en7ieg06jpovix6xjw9a5vq06|access-date=20 January 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=28 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128004501/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/rangdajied-united-v-east-bengal/lineups/en7ieg06jpovix6xjw9a5vq06|url-status=live}}</ref> Gurpreet played his last league match for East Bengal on 28 April 2014 against [[United SC]], which ended 0–3 with East Bengal taking the win.<ref>{{Cite web|title=United v East Bengal Starting XIs, 28/04/14, I-League {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/united-v-east-bengal/lineups/8j1no6lbvvlt74a4odzbbnruf|access-date=20 January 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=28 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128174500/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/united-v-east-bengal/lineups/8j1no6lbvvlt74a4odzbbnruf|url-status=live}}</ref> Gurpreet played his first [[AFC Cup]] match 2013 against [[Selangor F.C.]] on 27 February 2013, which ended 1–0 to East Bengal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=East Bengal vs. Selangor – 27 February 2013 – Soccerway|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/02/27/asia/afc-cup/east-bengal-club-fc/selangor-fc/1419295/|access-date=20 January 2021|website=int.soccerway.com|archive-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223221003/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/02/27/asia/afc-cup/east-bengal-club-fc/selangor-fc/1419295/|url-status=live}}</ref> Gurpreet played his last continental cup match for East Bengal on 1 October in a 4–2 loss against [[Kuwait SC]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Al Kuwait vs. East Bengal – 1 October 2013 – Soccerway|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/10/01/asia/afc-cup/al-kuwait-sc/east-bengal-club-fc/1486287/|access-date=20 January 2021|website=int.soccerway.com|archive-date=6 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006084030/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/10/01/asia/afc-cup/al-kuwait-sc/east-bengal-club-fc/1486287/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Stabæk===
Sandhu signed for Norwegian club [[Stabæk Fotball|Stabæk]] on 15 August 2014.<ref>{{cite web|agency=PTI|first=Hindol|last=Basu|title=Gurpreet Signs 3-year deal with Norwegian football club|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Sports/Football/Top-Stories/Gurpreet-signs-3-year-deal-with-Norwegian-football-club/articleshow/40376656.cms|access-date=20 August 2014|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 August 2014|archive-date=3 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703150739/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Sports/Football/Top-Stories/Gurpreet-signs-3-year-deal-with-Norwegian-football-club/articleshow/40376656.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="sandhu_twitter_stabaek_sign">{{cite web|author=Gurpreet Singh Sandhu|date=15 August 2014|title=A proud day for my country and for me as I am pleased to announce I have signed for @stabaekfc|url=https://twitter.com/gurpreetgk/status/500233108613263360|access-date=15 August 2014|work=@Gurpreet GK|via=Twitter|archive-date=6 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906205428/https://twitter.com/gurpreetgk/status/500233108613263360|url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 January 2015, he made his senior debut for the club in a friendly match against second-tier side [[Follo FK|Follo]] in a 4–1 win.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gurpreet Singh Sandhu Is The First Indian Footballer In 79 Years To Play For A Proper European Club|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/news/sports/indian-footballer-gurpreet-singh-sandhu-is-the-first-indian-in-79-years-to-play-for-a-top-notch-european-club-229565.html|publisher=India Times|access-date=20 January 2015|author=Shobhita Dutt|date=19 January 2015 |archive-date=19 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119144634/http://www.indiatimes.com/news/sports/indian-footballer-gurpreet-singh-sandhu-is-the-first-indian-in-79-years-to-play-for-a-top-notch-european-club-229565.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After featuring in a number of [[Norwegian football cup|cup]] games, including Stabæk's entire [[2016 Norwegian Football Cup|2016 cup]] run,<ref>{{cite news|title=Singh bør spille på førstelaget|last=Strømnes|first=André |author2=Waagsether, Simen Solum |date=27 May 2016|work=Budstikka|language=no}}</ref> he made his league debut in late May 2016 in an away match 5–0 victory over [[IK Start]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=IK Start 0–5 Stabæk|url=https://www.eurosport.com/geoblocking.shtml|access-date=19 January 2021|website=www.eurosport.com|archive-date=10 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110104815/https://www.eurosport.com/geoblocking.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> in the process the inaugural Indian to play in a European top division league.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gurpreet Singh Sandhu becomes the first Indian to play in European top flight|url=http://footballchannel.asia/2016/06/02/post11355/|work=Football Channel Asia|date=2 June 2016|access-date=2 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602190319/http://footballchannel.asia/2016/06/02/post11355/|archive-date=2 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 30 June 2016, Sandhu became the inaugural Indian to feature in a [[UEFA Europa League]] match, starting the first leg of Stabæk's Europa League First qualifying round tie against [[Connah's Quay Nomads F.C.|Connah's Quay Nomads]] at [[Belle Vue (Rhyl)|Belle Vue]] in [[Rhyl]], Wales.<ref>{{Cite web|last=PTI|date=1 July 2016|title=Gurpreet Singh Sandhu makes history, becomes first Indian footballer to play in Europa League|url=https://www.mykhel.com/football/gurpreet-singh-sandhu-makes-history-indian-plays-europa-league-021304.html|access-date=19 January 2021|website=My Khel|language=en|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108103908/https://www.mykhel.com/football/gurpreet-singh-sandhu-makes-history-indian-plays-europa-league-021304.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Sandhu played 30 minutes before being replaced by [[Sayouba Mandé]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/gurpreet-singh-sandhu-makes-his-europa-league-bow-2886997/|work=Indian Express|title=Gurpreet Singh Sandhu makes his Europa League bow|author=Mihir Vasavda|date=1 July 2016|access-date=1 July 2016|archive-date=1 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701011111/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/gurpreet-singh-sandhu-makes-his-europa-league-bow-2886997/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Connah's Quay 0–0 Stabæk|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=2017/matches/round=2000788/match=2019968/index.html|work=[[UEFA]]|publisher=UEFA|access-date=15 October 2017|date=30 June 2016|archive-date=19 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919205145/http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=2017/matches/round=2000788/match=2019968/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Sandhu played his first [[Norwegian Football Cup]] match on 4 May 2016 against [[2. divisjon|2nd division]] club [[Bærum SK]], which ended 0–3 for Stabæk.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bærum vs. Stabæk – 4 May 2016 – Soccerway|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2016/05/04/norway/nm-cupen/baerum-sk/stabak-idrettsforening/2231802/|access-date=20 January 2021|website=int.soccerway.com|archive-date=8 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508054619/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2016/05/04/norway/nm-cupen/baerum-sk/stabak-idrettsforening/2231802/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sandhu played his last league match for Stabæk against [[Lillestrøm SK]] on 3 June 2017 which ended 2–4 with Lillestrøm claiming the three points.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 June 2017|title=Stabæk Fotball 2 – 4 Lillestrøm SK|url=https://www.eurosport.com/geoblocking.shtml|access-date=20 January 2021|website=www.eurosport.com|archive-date=10 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110104815/https://www.eurosport.com/geoblocking.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Sandhu left Stabæk in August 2017 to return to India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/football/gurpreet-singh-sandhu-leaves-norway-club-stabaek-fc-likely-to-join-bengaluru-fc/story-74KKdkI0qxkdXYnDMb61VL.html|title=Gurpreet Singh Sandhu leaves Norway club Stabaek FC, likely to join Bengaluru FC|date=17 August 2017|work=Hindustan Times|publisher=HT Media|access-date=17 August 2017|archive-date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816224324/http://www.hindustantimes.com/football/gurpreet-singh-sandhu-leaves-norway-club-stabaek-fc-likely-to-join-bengaluru-fc/story-74KKdkI0qxkdXYnDMb61VL.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Bengaluru===
In August 2017, Gurpreet joined [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] from [[Stabæk Fotball|Stabæk]] for undisclosed transfer amount.<ref name="Sandhu">{{cite news|date=17 August 2017|title=Bengaluru FC sign India's No.1 Gurpreet Singh Sandhu|publisher=Bengaluru FC|url=http://www.bengalurufc.com/bengaluru-fc-sign-indias-no-1-gurpreet-singh-sandhu/|access-date=17 August 2017|archive-date=17 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817162948/http://www.bengalurufc.com/bengaluru-fc-sign-indias-no-1-gurpreet-singh-sandhu/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gurpreet Singh Sandhu {{!}} » Bengaluru FC Official Website|url=https://www.bengalurufc.com/player/gurpreet-singh-sandhu/|access-date=19 January 2021|website=Bengaluru FC Official Website|language=en-US|archive-date=24 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124225200/https://www.bengalurufc.com/player/gurpreet-singh-sandhu/|url-status=live}}</ref> He made his debut for Bengaluru against [[April 25 SC|April 25]] in an AFC Cup knockout stage match<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bengaluru v April 25 Match Report, 23/08/17, AFC Cup {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/bengaluru-v-april-25/4g87w3vlyybrfy9n326votazt|access-date=19 January 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=23 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423090454/http://www.goal.com/en-in/match/bengaluru-v-april-25/4g87w3vlyybrfy9n326votazt|url-status=live}}</ref> and his league debut was against [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]], keeping a clean sheet.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bengaluru v Mumbai City Starting XIs, 19/11/17, Indian Super League {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/bengaluru-v-mumbai-city/lineups/eiez7gtmt58nhn8q9ec3ex562|access-date=19 January 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=30 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130222413/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/bengaluru-v-mumbai-city/lineups/eiez7gtmt58nhn8q9ec3ex562|url-status=live}}</ref> Sandhu played a pivotal role in Bengaluru's run in the 2017–18 Indian Super League season as they marched to the finals against [[Chennaiyin FC]], which they came out losing 3–2.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL 2017–18 Final: Chennaiyin FC beat Bengaluru FC to lift second title {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-qa/news/chennaiyin-fc-win-isl-2017-18-final-beat-bengaluru-fc/r60n42ly37wr13tvxls5l5zn8|access-date=19 January 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=3 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703150745/https://www.goal.com/en-qa/news/chennaiyin-fc-win-isl-2017-18-final-beat-bengaluru-fc/r60n42ly37wr13tvxls5l5zn8|url-status=live}}</ref> Gurpreet kept seven clean sheets the season.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hero ISL Player Stats – No.of Clean Sheets in season 2017–18|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/85-141-clean-sheets-player-statistics|access-date=19 January 2021|website=Indian Super League|language=en|archive-date=13 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113035433/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/85-141-clean-sheets-player-statistics|url-status=live}}</ref> On 13 March 2018, Sandhu extended his contract until May 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bengalurufc.com/gurpreet-signs-bengaluru-fc-five-years/|title=Gurpreet signs on with Bengaluru FC for five more years|publisher=Bengaluru FC|date=13 March 2018|access-date=13 March 2018|archive-date=14 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314054629/http://www.bengalurufc.com/gurpreet-signs-bengaluru-fc-five-years/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sandhu played his first match of the [[2018–19 Indian Super League]] against the defending champions Chennaiyin FC on 30 September 2018, which Bengaluru won 1–0.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bengaluru v Chennaiyin Starting XIs, 30/09/18, Indian Super League {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/bengaluru-v-chennaiyin/lineups/f86vvndbb0ngqfdsa8o0trvu|access-date=19 January 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=25 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125010307/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/bengaluru-v-chennaiyin/lineups/f86vvndbb0ngqfdsa8o0trvu|url-status=live}}</ref> Sandhu kept seven clean sheets in the campaign,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hero ISL Player Stats – No.of Clean Sheets in season 2018–19|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/115-141-clean-sheets-player-statistics|access-date=19 January 2021|website=Indian Super League|language=en|archive-date=20 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020175845/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/115-141-clean-sheets-player-statistics|url-status=live}}</ref> as a result, they qualified for ISL finals for second consecutive time to play against [[FC Goa]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 March 2019|title=ISL: Bengaluru FC beat NorthEast 3–0 in 2nd leg to reach second consecutive final|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/isl-2018-19-bengaluru-fc-vs-northeast-united-fc-semi-final-match-report-1475706-2019-03-11|access-date=19 January 2021|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512200011/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/isl-2018-19-bengaluru-fc-vs-northeast-united-fc-semi-final-match-report-1475706-2019-03-11|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL 2018–19: Bengaluru FC's road to the final {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-qa/lists/isl-2018-19-bengaluru-fc-road-to-the-final/11rh3iywhgqi51w8dabe49eqf3#krd1erqtvtlp1h3ht6f1aay4n|access-date=19 January 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=3 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703150740/https://www.goal.com/en-qa/lists/isl-2018-19-bengaluru-fc-road-to-the-final/11rh3iywhgqi51w8dabe49eqf3#krd1erqtvtlp1h3ht6f1aay4n|url-status=live}}</ref> The match finished 1–0 for Bengaluru, and thereby collecting his first Indian Super League trophy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bheke's late header earns Bengaluru the Hero ISL 2018–19 crown|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/bhekes-late-header-earns-bengaluru-the-hero-isl-2018-19-crown|access-date=19 January 2021|website=Indian Super League|date=17 March 2019 |language=en|archive-date=5 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205210109/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/bhekes-late-header-earns-bengaluru-the-hero-isl-2018-19-crown|url-status=live}}</ref> Sandhu played his first match of the [[2019–20 Indian Super League]] on 21 October 2019 in a 0–0 draw against [[NorthEast United FC]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bengaluru v NorthEast United Match Report, 21/10/19, Indian Super League {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/bengaluru-v-northeast-united/7x5qc7xdxxj4r3uk2cgl663qi|access-date=19 January 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=3 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203091648/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/bengaluru-v-northeast-united/7x5qc7xdxxj4r3uk2cgl663qi|url-status=live}}</ref> In the same season, Bengaluru went through [[2020 Indian Super League playoffs|knockout stage]] for the third consecutive time, before getting knocked down by [[ATK (football club)|ATK]] in the semi-finals on a 3–2 aggregate score.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2020|title=ISL 2019–20: ATK knock defending champions Bengaluru out, set up final vs Chennaiyin FC|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/isl-2019-20-atk-end-bengaluru-fc-title-defence-final-chennaiyin-fc-1653739-2020-03-08|access-date=19 January 2021|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=9 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209031934/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/isl-2019-20-atk-end-bengaluru-fc-title-defence-final-chennaiyin-fc-1653739-2020-03-08|url-status=live}}</ref> Sandhu was awarded with the Golden Glove that season for keeping 11 clean sheets, which was the longest stretch of clean sheets by any goalkeeper that season.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sportstar|first=Team|title=ISL final: Valskis wins Golden Boot, Gurpreet takes Golden Glove|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-2019-20-final-atk-roy-krishna-golden-boot-gurpreet-singh-sandhu-bengaluru-fc-hugo-boumous/article31070220.ece|access-date=19 January 2021|website=Sportstar|date=14 March 2020 |language=en|archive-date=18 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118194410/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-2019-20-final-atk-roy-krishna-golden-boot-gurpreet-singh-sandhu-bengaluru-fc-hugo-boumous/article31070220.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hero ISL Player Stats – No.of Clean Sheets in season 2019–20|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/148-141-clean-sheets-player-statistics|access-date=19 January 2021|website=Indian Super League|language=en|archive-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003173521/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/148-141-clean-sheets-player-statistics|url-status=live}}</ref> Sandhu played his first match of the [[2020–21 Indian Super League]] against FC Goa on 22 November 2020 which ended in a 2–2 draw.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Goa v Bengaluru Starting XIs, 22/11/20, Indian Super League {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/goa-v-bengaluru/lineups/6xp92zpnorhniecdzksuvk3kk|access-date=19 January 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=7 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207091129/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/goa-v-bengaluru/lineups/6xp92zpnorhniecdzksuvk3kk|url-status=live}}</ref>

Gurpreet became the vice-captain of Bengaluru in 2021–22 season after Dimas left the team at the end of 2020–21 season, Gurpreet led the side in an [[AFC Cup]] game against [[Maziya S&RC|Maziya]] where they won 6–2, then again in ISL when skipper [[Sunil Chhetri]] was on the bench he again captained the team for a few games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.the-afc.com/match_report/20638|title=20 February 2024}}</ref>

==International career==
Gurpreet made his debut for the [[India national under-19 football team|India U19s]] against the [[Iraq under-20 national football team|Iraq U19s]] in the [[2010 AFC U-19 Championship qualification]] on 5 November 2009.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=370&matchId=2271 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130104205057/http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=370&matchId=2271 |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 January 2013 |title=AFC U19 CHAMPIONSHIP 2010 MATCH SUMMARY |publisher= Asian Football Confederation |access-date=10 March 2012 }}</ref>

He was then called up to the 23 men [[India national football team|senior Indian]] squad for the [[2011 AFC Asian Cup]]. He made his debut against [[Turkmenistan national football team|Turkmenistan]] in a 1–1 draw.<ref name=soccerway>{{cite web|title=Turkmenistan VS. India 1 – 1|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2011/03/25/asia/afc-challenge-cup/turkmenistan/india/1085316/|publisher=Perform Group|date=25 March 2011|work=Soccerway|access-date=8 May 2013|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200203/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2011/03/25/asia/afc-challenge-cup/turkmenistan/india/1085316/|url-status=live}}</ref> He was called up to the [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC)|2018 FIFA World Cup qualifier]] squad against [[Nepal national football team|Nepal]] but was unused in both legs.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bera |first=Kaustav |title=Constantine selects final 26-man India shortlist for 2018 World Cup qualifier against Nepal |url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2015/03/02/9431732/constantine-selects-final-26-man-india-shortlist-for-2018?ICID=SP |publisher=Goal.com |date=2 March 2015 |access-date=20 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924145118/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2015/03/02/9431732/constantine-selects-final-26-man-india-shortlist-for-2018?ICID=SP |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gurpreet made his second appearance for the senior team against [[Iran national football team|Iran]] in a [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC first round|2018 World Cup qualifier]] at Bangalore, starting in a 0–3 defeat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=275171/match=300317458/index.html|title=India 0–3 IR Iran|date=8 September 2015|work=FIFA.com|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-date=15 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915042534/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=275171/match=300317458/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He made his next appearance against [[Turkmenistan national football team|Turkmenistan]] in a 2–1 loss on 8 October.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 October 2015|title=2018 FIFA World Cup qualifiers: India lose 1–2 to Turkmenistan to suffer 4th straight defeat|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/2018-fifa-world-cup-qualifiers-india-lose-1-2-to-turkmenistan-to-suffer-4th-straight-defeat-267161-2015-10-08|access-date=20 January 2021|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=3 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703150813/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/2018-fifa-world-cup-qualifiers-india-lose-1-2-to-turkmenistan-to-suffer-4th-straight-defeat-267161-2015-10-08|url-status=live}}</ref> He also kept a clean-sheet against [[Guam national football team|Guam]] on 12 November 2015, a game that ended 1–0.<ref>{{Cite web|title=India vs. Guam – Football Match Line-Ups – November 12, 2015 – ESPN|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/lineups?gameId=436547|access-date=20 January 2021|website=ESPN.com|language=en|archive-date=3 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703150739/https://www.espn.com/soccer/lineups?gameId=436547|url-status=live}}</ref> He kept his second clean sheet against [[Sri Lanka national football team|Sri Lanka]] in a 2–0 win in the SAFF Suzuki Cup 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 December 2015|title=SAFF Cup, India vs Sri Lanka as it happened: Robin Singh's fine brace gives India 2–0 win |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/saff-cup-india-vs-sri-lanka-live-constantines-charges-look-for-a-winning-start-2559894.html|access-date=20 January 2021|website=Firstpost|archive-date=30 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330023451/http://www.firstpost.com/sports/saff-cup-india-vs-sri-lanka-live-constantines-charges-look-for-a-winning-start-2559894.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, he captained the India national team against Puerto Rico<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 September 2016|title=India beat Puerto Rico 4–1 in international friendly at Mumbai|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/live-india-take-on-puerto-rico-in-friendly-as-international-football-returns-to-mumbai/story-aKS37NQPyddfR7Q462BThN.html|access-date=20 January 2021|website=Hindustan Times|archive-date=27 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127194537/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/live-india-take-on-puerto-rico-in-friendly-as-international-football-returns-to-mumbai/story-aKS37NQPyddfR7Q462BThN.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and played an essential role against India's 1–0 victory against [[Kyrgyzstan national football team|Kyrgyzstan]] in a [[2019 AFC Asian Cup qualification]] game in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=India v Kyrgyz Republic Live Commentary & Result, 13/06/17, Asian Cup Qualification {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/india-v-kyrgyz-republic/commentary-result/zqyh17zxpl0eytjkh7rb9jah|access-date=20 January 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=28 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128013234/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/india-v-kyrgyz-republic/commentary-result/zqyh17zxpl0eytjkh7rb9jah|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-goalkeeper-gurpreet-singh-sandhu-chooses-between-real-madrid-barcelona|title=Real Madrid or Barcelona? Indian goalkeeper Gurpreet Singh Sandhu takes his pick|work=SportsKeeda|author=Abhijit Bharali|date=1 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017|archive-date=20 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820162528/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-goalkeeper-gurpreet-singh-sandhu-chooses-between-real-madrid-barcelona|url-status=live}}</ref>

'''2022 FIFA World Cup Qualifiers AFC'''

He featured for India in the [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC)|2022 FIFA World Cup Qualifiers]], where he made his 35th appearance for the team against [[Oman national football team|Oman]] on 5 September 2019, where he conceded 2 goals as India lost the match 1–2.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sportstar|first=Team|title=India vs Oman, as it happened: Al Ghassani goal downs India|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/india-vs-oman-live-scores-updates-fifa-2022-world-cup-qualifier/article30017395.ece|access-date=20 January 2021|website=Sportstar|date=19 November 2019 |language=en|archive-date=23 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123113733/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/india-vs-oman-live-scores-updates-fifa-2022-world-cup-qualifier/article30017395.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the second group stage match 2022 World Cup Qualifiers, Gurpreet was given the captain armband as the skipper [[Sunil Chhetri|Sunil Chettri]] was out due to an injury against Asian Champions, [[Qatar national football team|Qatar]]. Gurpreet saved 11 shots on target from Qatar attack and became a hero for the team, as India successfully drew the match 0–0 against Qatar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=An Olympic high and an Asian Games gold – Indian football's memorable moments|url=https://www.olympicchannel.com/en/stories/features/detail/best-indian-football-team-matches-olympics-asian-games-world-cup-qualifiers/|access-date=14 February 2021|website=Olympic Channel|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410115007/https://www.olympicchannel.com/en/stories/features/detail/best-indian-football-team-matches-olympics-asian-games-world-cup-qualifiers/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2022 World Cup Qualifiers: Resolute India hold Qatar to a goal-less draw as Gurpreet Singh shines|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/qatar-v-india/54k9ooggbbezmfh7z415qtfmy|access-date=20 January 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=6 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006053357/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/qatar-v-india/54k9ooggbbezmfh7z415qtfmy|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=India become first Asian side to avoid defeat against AFC Asian Cup champions Qatar in 2019 {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/2022-world-cup-qualifiers-qatar-india-achievement-igor/19hjvxy3h3sib16lidky1lvqz7|access-date=20 January 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=28 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128101523/https://www.goal.com/en/news/2022-world-cup-qualifiers-qatar-india-achievement-igor/19hjvxy3h3sib16lidky1lvqz7|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Gurpreet is also a fan of former [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] goalkeeper [[Edwin van der Sar]] and [[India national football team|Indian International]] goalkeeper [[Subrata Pal]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Basu|first=Suromitro|date=19 January 2015|title=Interview with goalkeeper Gurpreet Singh Sandhu: I had offers from I-League and ISL, but stayed in Europe|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/interview-goalkeeper-gurpreet-singh-sandhu-offers-i-league-isl-stayed-europe|access-date=19 January 2021|website=www.sportskeeda.com|language=en-us|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524040554/http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/interview-goalkeeper-gurpreet-singh-sandhu-offers-i-league-isl-stayed-europe|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a graduate of [[DAV College]] in Chandigarh.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 June 2016|title=I worked relentlessly to be what I am: Gurpreet Singh Sandhu|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/I-worked-relentlessly-to-be-what-I-am-Gurpre|access-date=19 January 2021|website=The Times Of India}}</ref>

Sandhu is sponsored by German sportswear brand [[Puma (brand)|PUMA]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Puma extends contract with footballer Gurpreet Singh Sandhu for 4 years | date=4 May 2023 | url=https://in.fashionnetwork.com/news/Puma-extends-contract-with-footballer-gurpreet-singh-sandhu-for-4-years,1512650.html }}</ref>

==Career statistics==
===Club===
{{updated|25 April 2023}}<ref name=soccerpunter>{{cite web|url=http://www.soccerpunter.com/players/165337-Gurpreet-Singh-Sandhu|title=Gurpreet Singh Sandhu – Football Career Transfers and Statistics|work=SoccerPunter|access-date=23 March 2015|archive-date=5 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205220908/http://www.soccerpunter.com/players/165337-Gurpreet-Singh-Sandhu|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Soccerway|gurpreet-singh-sandhu/165337}}</ref><ref name=NFTGSS/>


{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup<ref>includes [[Indian Federation Cup]], [[Norwegian Football Cup]] and [[Indian Super Cup]]</ref>
!colspan="2"|Other<ref>includes [[Durand Cup]], [[Calcutta Football League]] and [[IFA Shield]]</ref>
!colspan="2"|Continental<ref>includes [[AFC Cup]], [[AFC Champions League]] and [[UEFA Europa League]]</ref>
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="5"| [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|{{Nowrap|[[2009–10 I-League|2009–10]]}}
| rowspan="4"| [[I-League]]
||6||0||0||0||3||0||—||—||9||0
|-
|[[2011–12 I-League|2011–12]]
||16||0||1||0||3||0||4||0||24||0
|-
|[[2012–13 I-League|2012–13]]
||14||0||1||0||14||0||4||0||33||0
|-
|[[2013–14 I-League|2013–14]]
||8||0||3||0||12||0||3||0||26||0
|-
! colspan="2" | Total
!44!!0!!5!!0!!32!!0!!11!!0!!92!!0
|-
| rowspan="1"| [[Pailan Arrows]] (loan)
|[[2010–11 I-League|2010–11]]
| rowspan="1"| [[I-League]]
||0||0||0||0||0||0||—||—||0||0
|-
| rowspan="5"| [[Stabæk Fotball|Stabæk]]
|[[2014 Tippeligaen|2014]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Tippeligaen]]
||0||0||0||0||0||0||—||—||0||0
|-
|[[2015 Tippeligaen|2015]]
||0||0||1||0||0||0||—||—||1||0
|-
|[[2016 Tippeligaen|2016]]
||1||0||4||0||0||0||1||0||6||0
|-
|[[2017 Eliteserien|2017]]
|[[Eliteserien (football)|Eliteserien]]||2||0||2||0||0||0||—||—||4||0
|-
! colspan="2" | Total
!3!!0!!7!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!11!!0
|-
| rowspan="7"| [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|[[2017–18 Bengaluru FC season|2017–18]]
| rowspan="6"| [[Indian Super League]]||19||0||4||0||—||—||4||0||27||0
|-
|[[2018–19 Bengaluru FC season|2018–19]]
||20||0||1||0||0||0||2||0||23||0
|-
|[[2019–20 Bengaluru FC season|2019–20]]
||19||0||0||0||0||0||3||0||22||0
|-
|[[2020–21 Bengaluru FC season|2020–21]]
||19||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||20||0
|-
|[[2021–22 Bengaluru FC season|2021–22]]
||15||0||0||0||0||0||4||0||19||0
|-
|[[2022–23 Bengaluru FC season|2022–23]]
||24||0||5||0||5||0||0||0||34||0
|-
! colspan="2" | Total
!|116!!0!!10!!0!!5!!0!!14!!0!!145!!0
|-
! colspan="3" | Career total
!163!!0!!22!!0!!37!!0!!26!!0!!248!!0
|}

=== International ===
{{updated|18 November 2025}}<ref name=NFTGSS>{{NFT player|id=42773|name=Gurpreet Singh Sandhu|accessdate=7 June 2018}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="11" |[[India national football team|India]]
|2011||1||0
|-
|2015||6||0
|-
|2016||6||0
|-
|2017||7||0
|-
|2018||7||0
|-
|2019||11||0
|-
|2021||10||0
|-
|2022||8||0
|-
|2023||10||0
|-
|2024||10||0
|-
|2025||7||0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total!!83!!0
|}

== Honours ==

'''India'''
* [[SAFF Championship]]: [[2011 SAFF Championship|2011]], [[2015 SAFF Championship|2015]], [[2021 SAFF Championship|2021]], [[2023 SAFF Championship|2023]]
* [[Intercontinental Cup (India)|Intercontinental Cup]]: [[2018 Intercontinental Cup (India)|2018]], [[2023 Intercontinental Cup (India)|2023]]
* [[Tri-Nation Series (India)|Tri-Nation Series]]: [[2023 Tri-Nation Series (India)|2023]]

'''East Bengal'''
* [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]: [[2012 Indian Federation Cup|2012]]
* [[Indian Super Cup (1997–2011)|Indian Super Cup]]: [[2011 Indian Super Cup|2011]]
* [[Calcutta Football League]]: 2011, 2012–13, 2013–14
* [[IFA Shield]]: 2012

'''Bengaluru'''
* [[Indian Super League]]: [[2018–19 Indian Super League|2018–19]]
* [[Hero Super Cup]]: [[2018 Indian Super Cup|2018]]
* [[Durand Cup]]: [[2022 Durand Cup|2022]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.in/football/india-ind/story/4750058/durand-cup-2022-review-curtain-raiser-indian-football-season?platform=amp|title=Durand Cup 2022 review: The perfect curtain-raiser to the Indian football season|website=www.espn.in|publisher=[[ESPN]]|first=Aaditya|last=Narayan|date=19 September 2022|access-date=20 September 2022|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920142913/https://www.espn.in/football/india-ind/story/4750058/durand-cup-2022-review-curtain-raiser-indian-football-season?platform=amp|archive-date=20 September 2022}}</ref>

'''Individual'''
*[[Arjuna Award]]:<ref>{{cite web|title=Gurpreet wins the Arjuna Award|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/photos/gurpreet-wins-the-arjuna-award|date=19 August 2019|publisher=Indian Super League|access-date=24 August 2019|archive-date=19 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819165031/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/photos/gurpreet-wins-the-arjuna-award|url-status=live}}</ref> 2019
*[[Indian Super League]] Golden glove: [[2018–19 Indian Super League|2018–19]], [[2019–20 Indian Super League|2019–20]]
* Tri-Nation Series Golden Glove: [[2023 Tri-Nation Series (India)|2023]]<ref>{{cite web|title=India too good for Kyrgyz Republic; crowned Hero Tri-Nation champions in Imphal|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-too-good-for-kyrgyz-republic-win-hero-tri-nation-tournament-in-imphal|publisher=AIFF|last1=Rawat|first1=Akhil|access-date=28 March 2023|archive-date=28 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328174107/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-too-good-for-kyrgyz-republic-win-hero-tri-nation-tournament-in-imphal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Stability and discipline fetched Hero Tri-Nation triumph, says Igor Stimac|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/stability-and-discipline-fetched-hero-tri-nation-triumph-says-igor-stimac|publisher=AIFF|last1=Ghosh|first1=Soumo|access-date=29 March 2023|archive-date=29 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329131741/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/stability-and-discipline-fetched-hero-tri-nation-triumph-says-igor-stimac}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Indian football players in foreign leagues]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Sports links}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160905163147/http://www.stabak.no/player-profiles/playerID/165337 Gurpreet Singh Sandhu] at Stabæk {{in lang|no}}

{{Bengaluru FC squad}}
{{Navboxes
|title=India squads
|bg=#1C39BC
|fg=#FFFFFF
|bordercolor=#FF8000
|list1=
{{India squad 2011 AFC Asian Cup}}
{{India squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup}}
{{India squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup}}
}}
{{Indian Super League Golden Glove}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sandhu, Gurpreet Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjabi Sikhs]]
[[Category:Footballers from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Mohali]]
[[Category:India men's international footballers]]
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Men's association football goalkeepers]]
[[Category:Footballers at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:2011 AFC Asian Cup players]]
[[Category:Calcutta Football League players]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:Stabæk Fotball players]]
[[Category:Eliteserien players]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Norway]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate sportspeople in Norway]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Bengaluru FC players]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:2019 AFC Asian Cup players]]
[[Category:Asian Games footballers for India]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:East Bengal Club players]]
[[Category:Indian Arrows players]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:2023 AFC Asian Cup players]]