https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=JerryGuerreroBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-07T07:42:21ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vakeel_Saab&diff=549826Vakeel Saab2026-05-29T06:41:21Z<p>JerryGuerrero: Adding the data more to come</p>
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<div>{{short description|2021 film by Venu Sriram}}<br />
{{distinguish|Vakil Saheb}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Vakeel Saab<br />
| image = Vakeel Saab.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Venu Sriram]]<br />
| screenplay = Venu Sriram<br />
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes<br />
| label1= Dialogues by<br />
| data1 = {{Ubl |Mamidala Thirupathi}}<br />
}}<br />
| story = [[Shoojit Sircar]]<br />[[Ritesh Shah]]<br />Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury<br />
| based_on = ''[[Pink (2016 film)|Pink]]'' (Hindi) by [[Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury]]<br />
| producer = [[Dil Raju]] <br />Sirish<br/>[[Boney Kapoor]]<br />
| starring = {{Plainlist|<br />
<!--Order as per the opening credits of the film--><br />
* [[Pawan Kalyan]]<br />
* [[Nivetha Thomas]]<br />
* [[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]]<br />
* [[Ananya Nagalla]]<br />
* [[Prakash Raj]]<br />
* [[Shruti Haasan]]<br />
}}<br />
| music = [[S. Thaman]]<br />
| cinematography = [[P. S. Vinod]]<br />
| editing = [[Prawin Pudi]]<br />
| studio = [[Sri Venkateswara Creations]]<br />[[Boney Kapoor|Bayview Projects]]<br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2021|4|9}}<br />
| runtime = 156 minutes<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-06|title='Vakeel Saab' censor report goes viral - Telugu News|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/vakeel-saab-censor-report-goes-viral-telugu-news-283998|access-date=2021-04-07|website=IndiaGlitz.com|archive-date=6 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406063623/https://www.indiaglitz.com/vakeel-saab-censor-report-goes-viral-telugu-news-283998|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
| budget = {{INR|80 [[crore]]}} <!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No faceless blogs. No IMDb. See BP:RS--><br />
| gross = {{INR|137.65 [[crore]]}}<ref name="siasatbo">{{Cite web|last=Amena|first=Rasti|date=30 April 2021|title=Pawan Kalyan-starrer Vakeel Saab box office collection fails to touch 100 crore|url=https://www.siasat.com/pawan-kalyan-starrer-vakeel-saab-box-office-collection-fails-to-touch-100-crore-2130885/|access-date=2 May 2021|website=[[The Siasat Daily]]|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502135010/https://www.siasat.com/pawan-kalyan-starrer-vakeel-saab-box-office-collection-fails-to-touch-100-crore-2130885/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
'''''Vakeel Saab''''' ({{translation|Mr Lawyer}}) is a 2021 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[legal drama]] film co-written and directed by [[Venu Sriram]]. The film was produced by [[Dil Raju]], Sirish and [[Boney Kapoor]] under their banners [[Sri Venkateswara Creations]] and Bayview Projects. It is a remake of the 2016 [[Hindi]]-language film ''[[Pink (2016 film)|Pink]]'' and stars [[Pawan Kalyan]], [[Nivetha Thomas]], [[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]], [[Ananya Nagalla]], [[Prakash Raj]], and [[Shruti Haasan]]. The film features score and soundtrack by [[S. Thaman]]. Despite the second COVID lockdown being announced just five days after its release, the movie went on to become a box office hit following [[Agnyaathavaasi]]<br />
<br />
Principal photography of the film began in January 2020 in [[Hyderabad]] and the film was released on 9 April 2021. ''Vakeel Saab'' faced several challenges, including canceled benefit shows and blocked ticket price hikes due to the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh government]]'s refusal to enforce a [[High court|High Court]]-approved increase, reportedly due to political vendetta against Pawan Kalyan.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=వకీల్ సాబ్ వివాదం: హైకోర్టు తీర్పుపై జగన్ ప్రభుత్వం హౌస్ మోషన్ పిటిషన్ |url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/andhra-pradesh/vakeel-saab-controversy-ys-jagan-govt-to-file-house-motion-petition-in-high-court-qrbuir |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410045434/https://telugu.asianetnews.com/andhra-pradesh/vakeel-saab-controversy-ys-jagan-govt-to-file-house-motion-petition-in-high-court-qrbuir |archive-date=10 April 2021 |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=[[Asianet News Network]] |language=te}}</ref> Additionally, many screenings were canceled shortly after its release due to a lockdown imposed following the [[COVID-19 lockdown in India|severe second wave]] of [[COVID-19]] in the country.<ref name="siasatbo" /> Despite these issues, the film grossed ₹137.65 [[crore]] worldwide, becoming the [[List of Telugu films of 2021|second highest-grossing Telugu film]] of the year with ticket prices ranging from just 5 rupees to 25 rupees in Andhra Pradesh.<ref name="siasatbo" /><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Pallavi, Zareena, and Divya are independent, middle-class working women living together in Hyderabad. One night, after their car breaks down on a highway, Pallavi's friend Viswa offers them a lift. Later, Bunty and Viswa rush a severely injured Vamsi to the hospital. Meanwhile, the three women return home in a taxi, appearing shaken, implying their involvement in the incident. They try to move on, but Vamsi, seeking revenge, threatens them, leading to Zareena losing her job. The local police, aware of Vamsi's powerful connections through his father, MP Korentla Rajendra, discourage the women from filing a complaint.<br />
<br />
The next day, Pallavi is kidnapped by Vamsi's friends, who threaten, blackmail, and molest her in a moving car before dropping her back home, leaving her traumatized. A few days later, Pallavi is arrested based on a complaint from Vamsi, who labels the women as prostitutes and charges Pallavi with attempted murder. In despair, Zareena and Divya encounter Satyadev, a seemingly alcoholic man who suggests they seek emergency bail. Initially skeptical of his help, they later learn that Satyadev was once a reputable lawyer but was suspended for four years after harming a fellow lawyer in court. Concurrently, his wife Amrutha died due to pregnancy complications while he was away on an important case, leading him into [[Depression (mood)|depression]] and [[alcoholism]]. Although he initially declines to help, an attack by Rajendra's men motivates Satyadev to represent Pallavi in court.<br />
<br />
In court, Vamsi's lawyer, Advocate Nanda Gopal, argues that the women, after being helped by Vamsi and his friends, demanded money for sexual favors, painting them as prostitutes. He attacks Pallavi's character, emphasizing her choice to live with friends despite having family in Hyderabad. The women counter, claiming Vamsi attempted to rape Pallavi, who acted in self-defense. Satyadev's defense centers on the concept of consent and a woman's right to say no.<br />
<br />
During the trial, Satyadev exposes the police's collusion with Vamsi, revealing inconsistencies in the complaint timeline and proving Pallavi was not immediately arrested despite lodging a complaint against Vamsi. Nanda's attempts to provoke Zareena into admitting to taking money from the men causes a moment of distress, but Satyadev presses on, ultimately causing Vamsi to admit the truth in a fit of rage, saying the women "got what they deserved."<br />
<br />
Satyadev criticizes societal double standards that label women as immoral for behaviors that are acceptable for men, emphasizing that "no means no" regardless of context. Following the trial, Satyadev and the women are attacked on a train by Siva but manage to fend off the attackers and return to court. The women are acquitted; Vamsi, Bunty, and Siva face pending sentences; and Viswa is let off with a warning.<br />
<br />
After the case, Satyadev resumes his legal career to help ordinary people, Zareena regains her job, Pallavi gets engaged, and Divya moves into her newly constructed home.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
<!--Order as per the opening credits of the film--><br />
* [[Pawan Kalyan]] as [[Advocate]] Konidela Satyadev / "Vakeel Saab"<br />
* [[Nivetha Thomas]] as Vemula Pallavi<br />
* [[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]] as Zareena Begum<br />
* [[Ananya Nagalla]] as Divya Nayak<br />
* [[Prakash Raj]] as [[Advocate]] Nandagopal<br />
* [[Shruti Haasan]] as Amrutha Konidela, Satyadev's wife ([[special appearance]])<br />
* [[Vamsi Krishna]] as Korentla Vamsi, Rajender's son<br />
* [[Mukesh Rishi]] as [[Member of Parliament|MP]] Korentla Rajendar, Vamsi's father<br />
* [[Srikanth Iyyengar]] as [[Circle Inspector|CI]] K. Yugander<br />
* Lirisha as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Saraladevi<br />
* Kedar Shankar as Vemula Kedarnath, Pallavi's father<br />
* [[Kamal Kamaraju]] as Anwar, Zareena's fiancé<br />
* [[Ananda Chakrapani]] as Aravind Nayak, Divya's father<br />
* [[Anish Kuruvilla]] as Subhojit Rana, Zareena's CEO Manager Only<br />
* [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]] as Flat Owner<br />
* [[Sarath Babu]] as Discipline Committee Chairman<br />
* [[Chaitanya Krishna]] as Suchaant, Satyadev's college friend<br />
* Shivakumar Ramachandravarapu as Viswa<br />
* Kalyan as Bunty<br />
* Amit Sharma as Siva<br />
* [[Nagineedu]] as [[Assistant commissioner (police)|ACP]] B. Ravinder<br />
* [[Sayaji Shinde]] as Minister Shankar Reddy<br />
* [[Kancharapalem Raju]]<br />
* [[Dev Gill]] as Shankar Reddy's right-hand<br />
* [[C. V. L. Narasimha Rao]]<br />
* [[Rupa Lakshmi]]<br />
* Appaji Ambarisha Darbha as Amrutha's father<br />
* Sammeta Gandhi as Ranganna<br />
* Ramesh Reddy as Chari<br />
* Swarnakanth as Nandagopal's assistant lawyer<br />
* Sunitha Manohar as Constable P. Kavitha<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
<br />
=== Development ===<br />
[[Venu Sriram]] began working on the Telugu remake of ''[[Pink (2016 film)|Pink]]'' (2016) after his project with [[Allu Arjun]], ''Icon'', was put on hold. On November 2, 2019, it was announced that [[Pawan Kalyan]] would star in this remake. This would mark Kalyan's return to acting after a hiatus due to his political campaign in the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2019-11-02 |title=Pawan Kalyan to star in Telugu remake of 'Pink' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/pawan-kalyan-to-star-in-telugu-remake-of-pink/article29863564.ece |access-date=2024-08-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2 November 2019 |title=MCA fame Venu Sriram likely to direct Pawan Kalyan in Pink remake |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/mca-fame-venu-sriram-likely-to-direct-pawan-kalyan-in-pink-remake/articleshow/71864534.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408094645/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/mca-fame-venu-sriram-likely-to-direct-pawan-kalyan-in-pink-remake/articleshow/71864534.cms |archive-date=8 April 2020 |access-date=2021-03-06 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> The film, was to be produced by [[Boney Kapoor]] and [[Dil Raju]], and was set to be directed by Venu Sriram with dialogues by [[Trivikram Srinivas]]. It was scheduled to start production in December 2019.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
On January 20, 2020, filming for the Telugu remake of ''Pink'' began.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-01-20 |title=Pawan Kalyan starts shooting for Telugu remake of 'Pink' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/pawan-kalyan-starts-shooting-for-telugu-remake-of-pink/article30608018.ece |access-date=2024-08-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> This film marked Kalyan's return to cinema after a two-year break following ''[[Agnyaathavaasi]]'' (2018). The project was announced as a joint production between Dil Raju of [[Sri Venkateswara Creations]] and Boney Kapoor's Bayview Projects LLP, which acquired the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] remake rights of ''Pink'' (the Tamil version being ''[[Nerkonda Paarvai]]'').<ref name=":0" /> The film features music by [[Thaman S|S. Thaman]], marking his first collaboration with Kalyan, cinematography by [[P. S. Vinod]], and editing by [[Prawin Pudi]].<br />
<br />
During the [[pre-production]] works, the tentative titles ''Maguva'',<ref name=":3a">{{cite AV media|title=Vakeel Saab Musical Journey - Pawan Kalyan {{!}} Sriram Venu {{!}} Thaman S {{!}} Ramajogayya Sastry|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lbCgqjRwsA |access-date=2021-03-27}}</ref> ''Lawyer Saab'',<ref>{{Cite news |title=Is Pawan Kalyan's upcoming film with Venu Sriram tiled Lawyer Saab? Details inside |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/is-pawan-kalyans-upcoming-film-with-venu-sriram-tiled-lawyer-saab-details-inside/articleshow/72864458.cms |access-date=2021-03-25 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=18 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518153218/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/is-pawan-kalyans-upcoming-film-with-venu-sriram-tiled-lawyer-saab-details-inside/articleshow/72864458.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''Vakeel Saab'',<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pawan Kalyan's Pink remake titled as 'Vakeel Saab'? Deets Inside! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pawan-kalyans-pink-remake-titled-as-vakeel-saab-deets-inside/articleshow/73981852.cms |access-date=2021-03-06 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=15 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415124316/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pawan-kalyans-pink-remake-titled-as-vakeel-saab-deets-inside/articleshow/73981852.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> were under consideration for the film before ''Vakeel Saab'' was finalised as official title in March 2020.<ref name=":2a">{{Cite news |title=PSPK 26 First Look: Pawan Kalyan steals the show as "Vakeel Saab" |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pspk26-first-look-pawan-kalyan-steals-the-show-as-vakeel-saab/articleshow/74441687.cms |access-date=2021-03-25 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=12 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312082428/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pspk26-first-look-pawan-kalyan-steals-the-show-as-vakeel-saab/articleshow/74441687.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In a September 2020 interview, director [[Venu Sriram]] announced that the film cannot be made as a commercial entertainer due to the social issues involved in the Hindi counterpart, but staying true to the original script, the team had made some changes suiting Pawan Kalyan's body language.<ref>{{Cite news |title="Pawan Kalyan's role will be a treat to his fans": 'Vakeel Saab' director Venu Sriram |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pawan-kalyans-role-will-be-a-treat-to-his-fans-vakeel-saab-director-venu-sriram/articleshow/78010974.cms |access-date=2021-03-06 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919191847/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pawan-kalyans-role-will-be-a-treat-to-his-fans-vakeel-saab-director-venu-sriram/articleshow/78010974.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Casting ===<br />
[[Pawan Kalyan]] was reported to essay [[Amitabh Bachchan]]'s role while [[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]], [[Nivetha Thomas]], and [[Ananya Nagalla]] were cast in pivotal roles.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nivetha Thomas excited about her upcoming films |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nivetha-thomas-excited-about-her-upcoming-films/articleshow/74476110.cms |access-date=2021-03-06 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=25 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325135342/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nivetha-thomas-excited-about-her-upcoming-films/articleshow/74476110.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title="I'm proud to be part of such a great film," says Play Back actress Ananya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/im-proud-to-be-part-of-such-a-great-film-says-play-back-actress-ananya/articleshow/74970124.cms |access-date=2021-03-06 |website=The Times of India |last1=Kumar |first1=Asha Kiran |archive-date=24 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224063432/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/im-proud-to-be-part-of-such-a-great-film-says-play-back-actress-ananya/articleshow/74970124.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The team decided to approach [[Shruti Haasan]] and [[Ileana D'Cruz]] to appear for a cameo role, essaying the character of Kalyan's wife in the film.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shruti Haasan or Ileana D'Cruz! Who is playing Pawan Kalyan's wife in Vakeel Saab? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/shruti-haasan-or-ileana-dcruz-who-is-playing-pawan-kalyans-wife-in-vakeel-saab/articleshow/74580241.cms |access-date=2021-03-06 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=16 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316112650/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/shruti-haasan-or-ileana-dcruz-who-is-playing-pawan-kalyans-wife-in-vakeel-saab/articleshow/74580241.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> While Haasan initially refuted being a part of the film's cast,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shruti Haasan rubbishes rumours of playing a role in Vakeel Saab |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/shruti-haasan-rubbishes-rumours-of-playing-a-role-in-vakeel-saab/articleshow/75070743.cms |access-date=2021-03-06 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=27 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427023456/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/shruti-haasan-rubbishes-rumours-of-playing-a-role-in-vakeel-saab/articleshow/75070743.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> she later confirmed her presence in July 2020, despite not revealing her role in the film.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shruti Haasan confirms her presence in 'Vakeel Saab': Refuses to reveal her role in the Pawan Kalyan starrer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/shruti-haasan-confirms-her-presence-in-vakeel-saab-refuses-to-reveal-her-role-in-the-pawan-kalyan-starrer/articleshow/77013704.cms |access-date=2021-03-07 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=3 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803114804/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/shruti-haasan-confirms-her-presence-in-vakeel-saab-refuses-to-reveal-her-role-in-the-pawan-kalyan-starrer/articleshow/77013704.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Shruti Haasan remains tight-lipped about her role in Pawan Kalyan starrer Vakeel Saab |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/shruti-haasan-remains-tight-lipped-about-her-role-in-pawan-kalyan-starrer-vakeel-saab/articleshow/79411439.cms |access-date=2021-03-06 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=1 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101012930/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/shruti-haasan-remains-tight-lipped-about-her-role-in-pawan-kalyan-starrer-vakeel-saab/articleshow/79411439.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Filming ===<br />
Principal photography of the film commenced on 20 January 2020 in [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2020|title=Pawan Kalyan starts shooting for Telugu remake of 'Pink'|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/pawan-kalyan-starts-shooting-for-telugu-remake-of-pink/article30608018.ece|access-date=2 March 2020|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302174726/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/pawan-kalyan-starts-shooting-for-telugu-remake-of-pink/article30608018.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In the end of February 2020, shooting of the film took place at [[Annapurna Studios]] with intense scenes being shot on Pawan Kalyan and Prakash Raj.<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 February 2020|title=Pawan Kalyan's Telugu remake of Pink to feature a courtroom climax scene? Find Out|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/pawan-kalyans-telugu-remake-pink-feature-courtroom-climax-scene-find-out-510572|access-date=2 March 2020|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302181522/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/pawan-kalyans-telugu-remake-pink-feature-courtroom-climax-scene-find-out-510572|url-status=live}}</ref> The film's production was halted for six months due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in March 2020 and on 22 September 2020, the shooting of the film resumed in [[Hyderabad]], following the relaxation of [[COVID-19 lockdown in India]] with the team following the safety guidelines imposed by the government to control [[COVID-19]] spread. Major scenes not featuring Kalyan were shot during this schedule.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Vakeel Saab' resumes shoot after lockdown without Pawan Kalyan|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vakeel-saab-resumes-shoot-after-lockdown-without-pawan-kalyan/articleshow/78249576.cms|access-date=2021-03-06|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=24 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924092100/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vakeel-saab-resumes-shoot-after-lockdown-without-pawan-kalyan/articleshow/78249576.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 6 October, Nivetha Thomas joined the sets of the film.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nivetha Thomas begins shooting for Pawan Kalyan starrer Vakeel Saab |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nivetha-thomas-begins-shooting-for-pawan-kalyan-starrer-vakeel-saab/articleshow/78517956.cms |access-date=2021-03-06 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=26 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126124802/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nivetha-thomas-begins-shooting-for-pawan-kalyan-starrer-vakeel-saab/articleshow/78517956.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Later on 1 November, Kalyan joined the sets of the film with the team planning to shoot the entire schedule within 15 days.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 November 2020|title=Pawan Kalyan resumes shooting for 'Vakeel Saab' in Hyderabad|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/pawan-kalyan-resumes-shooting-vakeel-saab-hyderabad-136821|access-date=22 December 2020|website=The News Minute|archive-date=3 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103142629/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/pawan-kalyan-resumes-shooting-vakeel-saab-hyderabad-136821|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Pawan Kalyan joins the sets of Vakeel Saab to wrap up shooting in a single schedule |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pawan-kalyan-joins-the-sets-of-vakeel-saab-to-wrap-up-shooting-in-a-single-schedule/articleshow/78983484.cms |access-date=2021-03-06 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=13 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213065614/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pawan-kalyan-joins-the-sets-of-vakeel-saab-to-wrap-up-shooting-in-a-single-schedule/articleshow/78983484.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Some scenes of the film were also shot in [[Hyderabad Metro]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-pawan-kalyan-s-vakeel-saab-teaser-shows-glimpses-courtroom-drama-141495|title=Watch: Pawan Kalyan's 'Vakeel Saab' teaser shows glimpses of courtroom drama|date=14 January 2021|website=The News Minute|access-date=17 January 2021|archive-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114132136/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-pawan-kalyan-s-vakeel-saab-teaser-shows-glimpses-courtroom-drama-141495|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/pawan-kalyan-travels-in-hyderabad-metro-for-vakeel-saab-shoot-trending-pics-and-videos-1738172-2020-11-05|title=Pawan Kalyan travels in Hyderabad Metro for Vakeel Saab shoot. Trending pics and videos|author=Janani K.|date=November 5, 2020|website=India Today|access-date=17 January 2021|archive-date=6 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106110751/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/pawan-kalyan-travels-in-hyderabad-metro-for-vakeel-saab-shoot-trending-pics-and-videos-1738172-2020-11-05|url-status=live}}</ref> Kalyan completed filming his portions on 29 December 2020,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pawan Kalyan wraps up 'Vakeel Saab': BTS stills from the last day shoot going viral |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pawan-kalyan-wraps-up-vakeel-saab-bts-stills-from-the-last-day-shoot-going-viral/articleshow/80012585.cms |access-date=2021-03-07 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=19 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119174438/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pawan-kalyan-wraps-up-vakeel-saab-bts-stills-from-the-last-day-shoot-going-viral/articleshow/80012585.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> whereas the team shot few sequences; the shooting of the film completed on 9 January 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vakeel Saab Update: Shooting for Pawan Kalyan, Anjali, Nivetha Thomas, Ananya Nagella, Shruti Haasan starrer wrapped up |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vakeel-saab-update-shooting-for-pawan-kalyan-anjali-nivetha-thomas-ananya-nagella-shruti-haasan-starrer-wrapped-up/articleshow/80199351.cms |access-date=2021-03-07 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=17 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117125644/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vakeel-saab-update-shooting-for-pawan-kalyan-anjali-nivetha-thomas-ananya-nagella-shruti-haasan-starrer-wrapped-up/articleshow/80199351.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Pawan Kalyan started dubbing for his portions for the film in March 2021 and completed within five days.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pawan Kalyan dubs for his upcoming film Vakeel Saab |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pawan-kalyan-dubs-for-his-upcoming-film-vakeel-saab/articleshow/81637252.cms |access-date=2021-03-25 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=25 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325215855/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pawan-kalyan-dubs-for-his-upcoming-film-vakeel-saab/articleshow/81637252.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Pic Talk: Pawan Kalyan wraps up dubbing for 'Vakeel Saab' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pic-talk-pawan-kalyan-wraps-up-dubbing-for-vakeel-saab/articleshow/81721782.cms |access-date=2021-04-08 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=27 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327082808/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pic-talk-pawan-kalyan-wraps-up-dubbing-for-vakeel-saab/articleshow/81721782.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Vakeel Saab<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = [[S. Thaman]]<br />
| cover = Vakeel Saab Album.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| released = 2021<br />
| recorded = 2020–2021<br />
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 18:06<br />
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
| label = [[Aditya Music]]<br />
| producer = [[S. Thaman]]<br />
| prev_title = [[Yuvarathnaa (soundtrack)|Yuvarathnaa]]<br />
| prev_year = 2021<br />
| next_title = [[Tuck Jagadish]]<br />
| next_year = 2021<br />
| misc = {{External media<br />
| audio1 = {{YouTube|kyAjEb54U8U|Audio Jukebox}}<br />
| audio2= {{YouTube|bW-zJqQXik8|Film Score}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Singles<br />
| name = Vakeel Saab<br />
| type = soundtrack<br />
| single1 = Maguva Maguva<br />
| single1date = 8 March 2020<br />
| single2 = Sathyameva Jayathe<br />
| single2date =3 March 2021<br />
| single3 = Kanti Papa<br />
| single3date= 17 March 2021<br />
| single4 = Kadhulu Kadhulu<br />
| single4date = 7 April 2021<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The film's soundtrack features five tracks composed by [[S. Thaman]] with lyrics written by [[Ramajogayya Sastry]] and [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]. The album was released on 31 March 2021 through [[Aditya Music]] label.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Check Out Latest Telugu Music Audio Songs Jukebox From Movie 'Vakeel Saab' Starring Pawan Kalyan And Shruti Haasan {{!}} Telugu Video Songs|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/telugu/check-out-latest-telugu-music-audio-songs-jukebox-from-movie-vakeel-saab-starring-pawan-kalyan-and-shruti-haasan/videoshow/81950622.cms|access-date=2021-04-10|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=10 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110135203/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/telugu/check-out-latest-telugu-music-audio-songs-jukebox-from-movie-vakeel-saab-starring-pawan-kalyan-and-shruti-haasan/videoshow/81950622.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Production ===<br />
On 12 February 2020, Thaman had announced that he is currently working on the production of the first song, with Sid Sriram collaborating with Thaman for the second time after "Samajavaragamana" from ''Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo'' with [[Ramajogayya Sastry]] writing the lyrics.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|title=PSPK 26: First single from Pawan Kalyan's upcoming film to release soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pspk-26-first-single-from-pawan-kalyans-upcoming-film-to-release-soon/articleshow/74329703.cms|access-date=2021-03-26|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109203348/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pspk-26-first-single-from-pawan-kalyans-upcoming-film-to-release-soon/articleshow/74329703.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Later on 26 February, Thaman stated the progress of the song with [[Music of North Macedonia|Fames Macedonian Symphonic Orchestra]] performing the sessions for it.<ref name=":2" /> That song was titled "Maguva Maguva" which is touted to be a "fitting tribute to women",<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maguva Maguva from Vakeel Saab released|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/maguva-maguva-from-vakeel-saab-released/articleshow/74535884.cms|access-date=2021-03-07|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=15 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815145533/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/maguva-maguva-from-vakeel-saab-released/articleshow/74535884.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> and was released on 8 March 2020 ([[International Women's Day|Women's Day]]).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maguva Maguva promo from Pawan Kalyan's Vakeel Saab: Full song on Women's Day|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/maguva-maguva-promo-from-pawan-kalyans-vakeel-saab-full-song-on-womens-day/articleshow/74513477.cms|access-date=2021-03-07|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=6 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106111051/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/maguva-maguva-promo-from-pawan-kalyans-vakeel-saab-full-song-on-womens-day/articleshow/74513477.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2020, the lyrical video of the song crossed 30 million views on [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Thaman expresses his gratitude over 30 million views for Maguva Maguva song|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/thaman-expresses-his-gratitude-over-30-million-views-for-maguva-maguva-song/articleshow/78290857.cms|access-date=2021-03-07|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=26 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226065333/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/thaman-expresses-his-gratitude-over-30-million-views-for-maguva-maguva-song/articleshow/78290857.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
The production of the other songs and the [[Background Score|background score]] was interrupted due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic lockdown]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Thaman appeals fans to take all precautions|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/thaman-appeals-fans-to-take-all-precautions/articleshow/75733390.cms|access-date=2021-03-26|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109201840/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/thaman-appeals-fans-to-take-all-precautions/articleshow/75733390.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Nearly a year after the release of the first single,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Pawan Kalyan starrer Vakeel Saab's second single to be out soon, says Thaman S|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/pawan-kalyan-starrer-vakeel-saabs-second-single-to-be-out-soon-says-thaman-s/articleshow/81255358.cms|access-date=2021-03-26|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=6 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106111053/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/pawan-kalyan-starrer-vakeel-saabs-second-single-to-be-out-soon-says-thaman-s/articleshow/81255358.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> "Sathyameva Jayate", the second single from the film was unveiled on 3 March 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Here's when Sathyameva Jayathe from Pawan Kalyan's Vakeel Saab is set to release|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/heres-when-sathyameva-jayathe-from-pawan-kalyans-vakeel-saab-is-set-to-release/articleshow/81295679.cms|access-date=2021-03-26|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=6 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106111049/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/heres-when-sathyameva-jayathe-from-pawan-kalyans-vakeel-saab-is-set-to-release/articleshow/81295679.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-04|title=Watch: New song 'Sathyameva Jayathe' from Pawan Kalyan's 'Vakeel Saab' is out|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-new-song-sathyameva-jayathe-pawan-kalyans-vakeel-saab-out-144606|access-date=2021-03-26|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=21 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121045543/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-new-song-sathyameva-jayathe-pawan-kalyans-vakeel-saab-out-144606|url-status=live}}</ref> The song is picturised on Pawan Kalyan, whom being portrayed as a do-gooding lawyer who fights on behalf of the innocent, unprivileged and weaker sections of society.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Sathyameva Jayathe' from Pawan Kalyan's Vakeel Saab: Goosebumps guaranteed!|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sathyameva-jayathe-from-pawan-kalyans-vakeel-saab-goosebumps-guaranteed/articleshow/81312528.cms|access-date=2021-03-26|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109203346/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sathyameva-jayathe-from-pawan-kalyans-vakeel-saab-goosebumps-guaranteed/articleshow/81312528.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The third song "Kanti Papa" released on 17 March 2021, is played during the flashback portion featuring the romance track between Kalyan and [[Shruti Haasan]].<ref>{{Cite news|title='Kanti Papa' from Vakeel Saab: Soothing melody featuring Pawan Kalyan and Shruti Haasan|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kanti-papa-from-vakeel-saab-soothing-melody-featuring-pawan-kalyan-and-shruti-haasan/articleshow/81551489.cms|access-date=2021-03-26|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=25 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125085556/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kanti-papa-from-vakeel-saab-soothing-melody-featuring-pawan-kalyan-and-shruti-haasan/articleshow/81551489.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The team also planned to release a promotional song featuring [[Pawan Kalyan]] at the film's prerelease event, but it did not happen.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vyas|date=2021-04-01|title=Pawan to feature in Vakeel Saab promotional song|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/pawan-to-feature-in-vakeel-saab-promotional-song-679678|access-date=2021-04-06|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en|archive-date=7 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107184009/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/pawan-to-feature-in-vakeel-saab-promotional-song-679678|url-status=live}}</ref> The fourth song "Kadhulu Kadhulu" was unveiled along with the film's soundtrack album on 31 March 2021.<ref>{{Citation|title=#KadhuluKadhulu Lyrical - VakeelSaab {{!}} Pawan Kalyan, Shruti Haasan {{!}} Sriram Venu {{!}} Thaman S| date=7 April 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDPbwOAC8k|language=en|access-date=2021-04-27|archive-date=16 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416155004/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDPbwOAC8k|url-status=live}}</ref> A bonus track, which is the female version of "Maguva Maguva" was released on 15 April.<ref>{{Citation|title=#VakeelSaab - Maguva Maguva Female (Version) Lyrical {{!}} Pawan Kalyan {{!}} Thaman S {{!}} SriRam Venu| date=15 April 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cXH2hpEr1BI|language=en|access-date=2021-04-27|archive-date=8 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108090311/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cXH2hpEr1BI|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 18 October 2021, Thaman announced that he was going to be releasing the film's score, due to popular demand, on all streaming platforms in November.<ref>{{Cite tweet |url=https://twitter.com/musicthaman/status/1450039993297162240 |number=1450039993297162240 |access-date=2023-03-28 |user=MusicThaman |title=All the three blockbuster ost soundtracks will be live |language=en}}</ref> The film's score was then released on 16 November 2021 on Aditya Music.<ref>{{Citation|title=#VakeelSaab Original Sound Tracks {{!}} Pawan Kalyan, Shruti Haasan {{!}} Sriram Venu {{!}} Thaman S| date=16 November 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bW-zJqQXik8|language=en|access-date=2021-11-23|archive-date=25 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125012437/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=bW-zJqQXik8|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Marketing ===<br />
As a part of the film's marketing purposes, ''#VakeelSaab Music Fest'', a promotional music concert was organised by the producers.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Pawan Kalyan starrer Vakeel Saab's team kick-started promotions|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pawan-kalyan-starrer-vakeel-saabs-team-kick-started-promotions/articleshow/81590929.cms|access-date=2021-03-26|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=6 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106111059/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pawan-kalyan-starrer-vakeel-saabs-team-kick-started-promotions/articleshow/81590929.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Vakeel Saab Musical Journey - Pawan Kalyan {{!}} Sriram Venu {{!}} Thaman S {{!}} Ramajogayya Sastry| date=20 March 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lbCgqjRwsA|language=en|access-date=2021-03-26|archive-date=24 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324224825/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lbCgqjRwsA|url-status=live}}</ref> The first edition of this event took place at MLRITM College in [[Hyderabad]] on 20 March 2021.<ref>{{Citation|title=Vakeel Saab Music Fest @ MLRITM College - Pawan Kalyan {{!}} Sriram Venu {{!}} Thaman S {{!}} Ramajogayya Sastry| date=22 March 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8lQsv-0hOxY|language=en|access-date=2021-03-26|archive-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109095848/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8lQsv-0hOxY&feature=youtu.be|url-status=live}}</ref> Following its response, the second edition of this event was held at [[Visakhapatnam|Vizag]] and [[Kakinada]] on 23 March 2021.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2021-03-21|title=Vakeel Saab's music fest in Vizag and Kakinada|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/vakeel-saabs-music-fest-in-vizag-and-kakinada.html|access-date=2021-03-26|website=123telugu.com|language=en|archive-date=21 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321141755/https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/vakeel-saabs-music-fest-in-vizag-and-kakinada.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The events were attended by Thaman, Sastry and Sriram as the primary members. Thaman and his musical crew performed all the songs in the promotional music concert,<ref name=":3" /> as well as the film's prerelease event held at [[Shilpakala Vedika]] in [[Hyderabad]] on 4 April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kanoj|first=Priyanka|date=2021-04-05|title=Dil Raju's emotional speech at Vakeel Saab pre-release event: reactions|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/dil-rajus-emotional-speech-vakeel-saab-pre-release-event-yesterday-834910|access-date=2021-04-06|website=www.ibtimes.co.in|language=en|archive-date=5 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210405142214/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/dil-rajus-emotional-speech-vakeel-saab-pre-release-event-yesterday-834910|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Track listing ===<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| all_writing = <br />
| length5 = 2:53<br />
| all_lyrics = <br />
| extra2 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]], Prudhvi Chandra<br />
| lyrics2 = Ramajogayya Sastry<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| length1 = 4:10<br />
| title2 = Sathyameva Jayathe<br />
| length2 = 3:39<br />
| title3 = Kanti Papa Kanti Papa<br />
| length3 = 4:24<br />
| title4 = Kadhulu Kadhulu<br />
| length4 = 2:56<br />
| title5 = Maguva Maguva<br />
| title6 = <br />
| title7 = <br />
| title1 = Maguva Maguva<br />
| length6 = <br />
| length7 = <br />
| title8 = <br />
| length8 = <br />
| title9 = <br />
| length9 = <br />
| title10 = <br />
| length10 = <br />
| total_length = 18:02<br />
| lyrics1 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]<br />
| extra1 = [[Sid Sriram]]<br />
| extra3 = Deepu, [[Armaan Malik]]<br />
| extra4 = [[Sri Krishna (singer)|Sri Krishna]], [[Vedala Hemachandra]]<br />
| lyrics3 = Ramajogayya Sastry<br />
| lyrics4 = [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]<br />
| note1 = Male<br />
| note5 = Female<br />
| extra5 = [[Mohana Bhogaraju]]<br />
| lyrics5 = Ramajogayya Sastry<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
''Vakeel Saab'' was scheduled to be released on 15 May 2020,<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 February 2020|title=Dil Raju confirms release date of Pawan Kalyan's movie|work=Indiaglitz|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/dil-raju-confirms-release-date-of-pawan-kalyan-movie-telugu-news-252646|access-date=2 March 2020|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302181647/https://www.indiaglitz.com/dil-raju-confirms-release-date-of-pawan-kalyan-movie-telugu-news-252646|url-status=live}}</ref> but was postponed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. [[Dil Raju]] refuted the rumours of a direct release through [[over-the-top media service]] (OTT) and also stated that the film will be a theatrical release.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Did Dil Raju reject Vakeel Saab OTT offer ?|url=https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/news/did-dil-raju-reject-vakeel-saab-ott-offer-107337|access-date=26 November 2023|date=7 September 2020|website=Great Andhra|archive-url=https://archive.today/20231126143051/https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/news/did-dil-raju-reject-vakeel-saab-ott-offer-107337|archive-date=26 November 2023}}</ref> In January 2021, a new release date of 9 April 2021 was announced.<ref name="toi2">{{Cite news|date=30 January 2021|title=Pawan Kalyan's 'Vakeel Saab' to storm worldwide theaters from April 9th|work=Time of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pawan-kalyans-vakeel-saab-to-storm-worldwide-theaters-from-april-9th/articleshow/80602896.cms|access-date=30 January 2021|archive-date=30 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130125143/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pawan-kalyans-vakeel-saab-to-storm-worldwide-theaters-from-april-9th/articleshow/80602896.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Lata|date=2021-03-30|title=Pawan Kalyan announces 'Vakeel Saab' for 9 April|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/pawan-kalyan-announces-vakeel-saab-for-9-april-11617080341442.html|access-date=2021-04-08|website=mint|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413131356/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/pawan-kalyan-announces-vakeel-saab-for-9-april-11617080341442.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Vakeel Saab Movie Review: A courtroom drama with a generous dose of masala |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/vakeel-saab/movie-review/81984225.cms |access-date=10 April 2021 |archive-date=10 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410010531/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/vakeel-saab/movie-review/81984225.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
The benefit shows for the opening day release was cancelled due to surge in COVID-19 cases.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2021-04-04|title=Pawan Kalyan's Vakeel Saab premiere shows cancelled! - Telugu News|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/pawan-kalyan-vakeel-saab-premiere-shows-cancelled-telugu-news-283917|access-date=2021-04-08|website=IndiaGlitz.com|archive-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419060140/https://www.indiaglitz.com/pawan-kalyan-vakeel-saab-premiere-shows-cancelled-telugu-news-283917|url-status=live}}</ref> However, Dil Raju announced that the film will get benefit shows in select theatres across Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-06|title=Dil Raju trying hard for Vakeel Saab's benefit shows|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/dil-raju-trying-hard-for-vakeel-saabs-benefit-shows.html|access-date=2021-04-08|website=123telugu.com|archive-date=6 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406073343/https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/dil-raju-trying-hard-for-vakeel-saabs-benefit-shows.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The advance bookings for the film opened up on 6 April 2021, and saw a tremendous response from trade analysts.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-07|title=Vakeel Saab Pre-Booking Gets Terrific Response: Pawan Kalyan's Film To Get A Record-Breaking Opening?|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2021/vakeel-saab-pre-booking-gets-terrific-response-pawan-kalyan-s-film-to-get-a-record-breaking-opening-312260.html|access-date=2021-04-08|website=Filmibeat|archive-date=7 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407125413/https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2021/vakeel-saab-pre-booking-gets-terrific-response-pawan-kalyan-s-film-to-get-a-record-breaking-opening-312260.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Phars Film bought the distribution rights for [[United States]] which planned to screen in more than 700 theatres on 8 April, a day before the Indian release.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pawan Kalyan starrer Vakeel Saab to get a massive overseas release |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pawan-kalyan-starrer-vakeel-saab-to-get-a-massive-overseas-release/articleshow/81871766.cms |access-date=2021-04-08 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=2 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402103730/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pawan-kalyan-starrer-vakeel-saab-to-get-a-massive-overseas-release/articleshow/81871766.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Trade analyst [[Taran Adarsh]] announced through [[Twitter]], stating that [[Panorama Studios]] acquired the distribution rights for the film in North Indian theatres.<ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1380041847414743043|user=taran_adarsh|title=PAWAN KALYAN: #VAKEELSAAB NORTH INDIA THEATRICAL... Panorama Studios [Kumar Mangat Pathak, Abhishek Pathak] to release #VakeelSaab in North India theatrical markets... The #PawanKalyan starrer arrives in cinemas tomorrow.|date=2021-04-08|author=[[Taran Adarsh]]}}</ref> ''Vakeel Saab'' will also be screened at IMAX Melbourne, the world's largest cinema theatre.<ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1374262455556317185|user=IMAX_Melbourne|title=#VAKEELSAAB is coming to the world's largest screen 🔥|date=2021-03-23}}</ref><br />
<br />
The film is set for a limited theatrical re-release on 1 May 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/all-eyes-on-the-re-release-of-pawan-kalyans-vakeel-saab.html|title=All eyes on the re-release of Pawan Kalyan's Vakeel Saab|website=[[123Telugu.com]]|date=27 April 2024 |access-date=27 April 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Marketing ===<br />
The prerelease event of this film was scheduled to take place on 3 April 2021 at [[Yousufguda]] Police Grounds in [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vakeel Saab: Pre-release Event And Trailer Release Dates Confirmed? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vakeel-saab-pre-release-event-and-trailer-release-dates-confirmed/articleshow/81648863.cms |access-date=2021-03-25 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323090337/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vakeel-saab-pre-release-event-and-trailer-release-dates-confirmed/articleshow/81648863.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> However, as the authorities denied permission for the promotional activities of the film citing surge in COVID-19 cases,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-01|title=Permit withdrawn for Pawan Kalyan 's Vakeel Saab pre-release event|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/010421/permit-withdrawn-for-pawan-kalyan-s-vakeel-saab-pre-release-event.html|access-date=2021-04-08|website=Deccan Chronicle|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413164944/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/010421/permit-withdrawn-for-pawan-kalyan-s-vakeel-saab-pre-release-event.html|url-status=live}}</ref> the team decided to shift the venue at [[Shilpakala Vedika]] in Hyderabad on 4 April.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kanoj|first=Priyanka|date=2021-04-05|title=Dil Raju's emotional speech at Vakeel Saab pre-release event: reactions|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/dil-rajus-emotional-speech-vakeel-saab-pre-release-event-yesterday-834910|access-date=2021-04-08|website=www.ibtimes.co.in|archive-date=5 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210405142214/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/dil-rajus-emotional-speech-vakeel-saab-pre-release-event-yesterday-834910|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Vakeel Saab Pre Release Event: Pawan Kalyan's speech on Amitabh Bachchan to recalling Chiranjeevi's advise|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/vakeel-saab-pre-release-event-pawan-kalyans-speech-amitabh-bachchan-recalling-chiranjeevis-advise-685736|access-date=2021-04-08|website=PINKVILLA|date=5 April 2021|archive-date=5 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210405080451/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/vakeel-saab-pre-release-event-pawan-kalyans-speech-amitabh-bachchan-recalling-chiranjeevis-advise-685736|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Prerelease revenue ===<br />
Nizam distribution rights of the film were sold to {{INRConvert|23|C}} and Ceded regions were sold for {{INRConvert|12|C}}. The rights for the distributors in the [[Uttarandhra]] region were sold to {{INRConvert|10|C}}, and at the [[East Godavari|east]] and [[West Godavari district|west Godavari]] regions, the team sold the rights to an amount of {{INRConvert|7|C}} and {{INRConvert|6|C}} respectively. The [[Guntur]] rights were sold to {{INRConvert|7|C}}, [[Krishna district|Krishna]] rights for {{INRConvert|6|C}} and [[Nellore]] rights for the {{INRConvert|3.35|C}}.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Vyas|date=2021-04-06|title=Pawan Kalyan's Vakeel Saab Movie Pre-Release Business Report|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/vakeel-saab-pre-release-business-report-680456|access-date=2021-04-08|website=www.thehansindia.com|archive-date=6 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406124737/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/vakeel-saab-pre-release-business-report-680456|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
The film made a business of {{INRConvert|74.35|C}} in the Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. In [[Karnataka]] and rest of India, the film made a business of {{INRConvert|4|C}}. The overseas rights were sold for {{INRConvert|5|C}}, fetching {{INRConvert|83.90|c}} from theatrical rights alone.<ref name=":5" /><br />
<br />
=== Home media ===<br />
The film's digital rights were sold to [[Amazon Prime Video]] and [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]] and the satellite rights were sold to [[Zee Telugu]] respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pawan Kalyan starrer Vakeel Saab's satellite rights sold for a whopping amount? {{!}} PINKVILLA|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/pawan-kalyan-starrer-vakeel-saabs-satellite-rights-sold-whopping-amount-571282?amp|access-date=2021-03-08|website=www.pinkvilla.com}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The film however was streamed 21 days later through [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 30 April 2021 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-27|title=Pawan Kalyan's Vakeel Saab to release on Amazon Prime Video on this date|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/pawan-kalyan-vakeel-saab-to-release-on-amazon-prime-video-on-this-date-7291177/|access-date=2021-04-29|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=29 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429042830/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/pawan-kalyan-vakeel-saab-to-release-on-amazon-prime-video-on-this-date-7291177/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=The Hindu Net Desk|date=2021-04-27|title=New on Amazon Prime this week: 'Without Remorse', 'Vakeel Saab' and more|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/new-on-amazon-prime-this-week-without-remorse-vakeel-saab-and-more/article34421596.ece|access-date=2021-04-29|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=29 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429042831/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/new-on-amazon-prime-this-week-without-remorse-vakeel-saab-and-more/article34421596.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Dubbed versions ===<br />
The film was dubbed and released in [[Malayalam]] with the same name<ref>{{Citation|title=Vakeel Saab Latest Full Movie 4K {{!}} Pawan Kalyan {{!}} Shruti Haasan {{!}} Nivetha Thomas {{!}} Malayalam Dubbed| date=21 December 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pWEElpVRiU|language=en|access-date=2022-01-23|archive-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123204100/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pWEElpVRiU|url-status=live}}</ref> and in [[Kannada]] as ''Advocate''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tfn|first=Team|date=2021-10-01|title=Advocate Kannada Full Movie {{!}} Pawan Kalyan {{!}} Nivetha Thomas {{!}} Anjali {{!}} Shruti Haasan {{!}} Venu Sriram {{!}} S. Thaman {{!}} Ananya Nagalla|url=https://www.thetelugufilmnagar.com/2021/10/01/advocate-kannada-full-movie/|access-date=2022-01-23|website=Telugu Filmnagar|language=en-US|archive-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123204101/https://www.thetelugufilmnagar.com/2021/10/01/advocate-kannada-full-movie/|url-status=live}}</ref> It was also dubbed in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''Vakeel Sir'' despite the existence of a Tamil remake.<br />
<br />
== Controversy ==<br />
In early April 2021, the [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]] ruled that ticket prices for the film ''Vakeel Saab'' could be increased for the first three days. Despite this ruling, the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh government]] did not enforce the decision, leading to allegations of deliberate obstruction.<ref name=":6" /> Government officials, including VROs and MROs, reportedly took control of ticket sales at theaters, sparking controversy. This decision resulted in protests from Pawan Kalyan's fans and criticism from the opposition [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] and [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]] leaders.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-09 |title=Movie theatres vandalised in Andhra as Pawan Kalyan's 'Vakeel Saab' shows cancelled |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/movie-theatres-vandalised-andhra-pawan-kalyan-s-vakeel-saab-shows-cancelled-146834 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410045433/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/movie-theatres-vandalised-andhra-pawan-kalyan-s-vakeel-saab-shows-cancelled-146834 |archive-date=10 April 2021 |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=The News Minute}}</ref><ref name=":6" /><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
=== Critical reception ===<br />
{{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=100|count=6|average=6.5|ref=yes}}<br />
<br />
''[[The Times of India]]'' critic Neeshita Nyayapati called ''Vakeel Saab'' a "courtroom drama with a generous dose of masala." She felt that Venu Sriram has stuck to the plot of ''Pink'' for the most part but tweaked the screenplay to suit Kalyan's image. She appreciated the score composed by Thaman.<ref>{{cite news|title=Vakeel Saab Movie Review: A courtroom drama with a generous dose of masala|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/vakeel-saab/movie-review/81984225.cms|access-date=2021-04-10|website=The Times of India|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410010531/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/vakeel-saab/movie-review/81984225.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Hemanth Kumar in his ''[[Firstpost]]'' review rated the film 3/5 and wrote that the film is a celebration of Kalyan's stardom and an evocative commentary on how women are judged in the society. He observed that the film was at its best when it was close to source material. "''Vakeel Saab'' wants to fight the right fight, even when it turns its gaze away from the three women at the centre of all the drama to glorify its lead actor," Kumar added.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-09|title=Vakeel Saab movie review: Pawan Kalyan's Telugu remake of Pink is compelling when it sticks to source material|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vakeel-saab-movie-review-pawan-kalyans-telugu-remake-of-pink-is-compelling-when-it-sticks-to-source-material-9511531.html|access-date=2021-04-10|website=Firstpost|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410043535/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vakeel-saab-movie-review-pawan-kalyans-telugu-remake-of-pink-is-compelling-when-it-sticks-to-source-material-9511531.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' stated that the film hit the right notes in the courtroom proceedings. On performances she noted that Nivetha, Anjali, and Ananya were "remarkable," Kalyan was at his best for the courtroom proceedings and Prakash Raj aced the role that requires him to be truly sinister.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=2021-04-09|title='Vakeel Saab' movie review: Pawan Kalyan amplifies 'no means no' in a masala-laced adaptation|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/vakeel-saab-review-pawan-kalyan-amplifies-no-means-no/article34279888.ece|access-date=2021-04-10|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410043533/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/vakeel-saab-review-pawan-kalyan-amplifies-no-means-no/article34279888.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' journalist Manoj Kumar R opined that director Sriram and Kalyan honoured the main subject and the message of the original film.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-10|title=Vakeel Saab review: Pawan Kalyan towers over film on importance of consent|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/vakeel-saab-movie-review-pawan-kalyan-7266053/|access-date=2021-04-10|website=The Indian Express|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410072048/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/vakeel-saab-movie-review-pawan-kalyan-7266053/|url-status=live}}</ref> A reviewer from ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' rated the film 3/5 and stated that the remake stays "true to the original" and the star cast delivered on their performances.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-09|title=Vakeel Saab movie review|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/090421/a-resounding-statement-on-feminism.html|access-date=2021-04-10|website=Deccan Chronicle|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410072048/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/090421/a-resounding-statement-on-feminism.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Haricharan Pudipeddi in his ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' review compared the film with the other versions of the story ([[Pink (2016 film)|''Pink'']] and ''[[Nerkonda Paarvai]]'') and opined that ''Vakeel Saab'' is "more massy and lightweight."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-10|title=Vakeel Saab movie review: Pawan Kalyan shines in this highly commercialised version of Pink|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/vakeel-saab-movie-review-pawan-kalyan-shines-in-this-highly-commercialised-version-of-pink-101618060572052.html|access-date=2021-04-11|website=Hindustan Times|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410205452/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/vakeel-saab-movie-review-pawan-kalyan-shines-in-this-highly-commercialised-version-of-pink-101618060572052.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In a review for ''[[Telangana Today]]'', L. Ravinchander wrote that ''Vakeel Saab'' is a mixed bag and added, "This court room drama has punch but a great opportunity to make a masterpiece goes abegging."<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Ravich|first1=L.|last2=er|title=Vakeel Saab review: Not just a court room drama|url=https://telanganatoday.com/vakeel-saab-review-not-just-a-court-room-drama|access-date=2021-04-10|website=Telangana Today|date=10 April 2021|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410072050/https://telanganatoday.com/vakeel-saab-review-not-just-a-court-room-drama|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Film Companion]]'s'' Karthik Keramulu felt that the flash back episode took central focus away from the story of ''Pink'' but the court scenes featuring Kalyan and Prakash Raj were hotter than the original. Keramulu wondered whether the film would open up debates around the idea of consent or be understood as an action film where the hero saves the women.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Keramalu|first=Karthik|date=2021-04-09|title=Vakeel Saab Movie Review: All Hail The Leader Of The Masses, Pawan Kalyan|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/telugu-review/vakeel-saab-review-telugu-pawan-kalyan-all-hail-the-leader-of-the-masses-pawan-kalyan-nivetha-thomas-anjali/|access-date=2021-04-10|website=Film Companion|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410043536/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/telugu-review/vakeel-saab-review-telugu-pawan-kalyan-all-hail-the-leader-of-the-masses-pawan-kalyan-nivetha-thomas-anjali/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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Jahnvi Reddy of ''[[The News Minute]]'' called ''Vakeel Saab'' a "superficial remake" of ''Pink.'' She wrote that there might have been better ways of changing the script to venerate the star while staying true to the spirit of the story but alteration of several striking scenes from the original diluted the point they made.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-09|title=Pawan Kalyan's 'Vakeel Saab' is a superficial remake of 'Pink'|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/pawan-kalyans-vakeel-saab-superficial-remake-pink-146871|access-date=2021-04-10|website=The News Minute|archive-date=9 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409132528/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/pawan-kalyans-vakeel-saab-superficial-remake-pink-146871|url-status=live}}</ref> [[The New Indian Express|''Cinema Express'']] critic Ram Venkat Srikar stated that ''Vakeel Saab'' does a criminal disservice to the original. He criticised the dilution of narrative about consent and the addition of political undertones to the film.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 April 2021|title=Vakeel Saab Movie Review: A criminal disservice to the original|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/telugu/2021/apr/09/vakeel-saab-movie-reviewa-criminal-disservice-to-the-original-23868.html|website=[[Cinema Express]]|access-date=10 April 2021|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410072050/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/telugu/2021/apr/09/vakeel-saab-movie-reviewa-criminal-disservice-to-the-original-23868.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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=== Box office ===<br />
On the opening day, the film grossed more than {{INR}}42 [[crore]] at the box office, with a distributor's share of {{INR}}33 [[crore]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-10|title=Pawan Kalyan's Vakeel Saab First Day Box Office Collections|url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/tollywood/pawan-kalyans-vakeel-saab-first-day-box-office-collections-133308|access-date=2021-04-10|website=Sakshi Post|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410040845/https://english.sakshi.com/news/tollywood/pawan-kalyans-vakeel-saab-first-day-box-office-collections-133308|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Vakeel Saab box office collection: Pawan Kalyan starrer estimated to have crossed Rs 40 crore on opening day|url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telugu-cinema/box-office/article/vakeel-saab-box-office-collection-day-1-estimate-pawan-kalyan-starrer-crossed-rs-40-crore-on-opening-day/743344|access-date=2021-04-10|website=www.zoomtventertainment.com|date=10 April 2021 |archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410043535/https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telugu-cinema/box-office/article/vakeel-saab-box-office-collection-day-1-estimate-pawan-kalyan-starrer-crossed-rs-40-crore-on-opening-day/743344|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Box Office India]]'' reported that ''Vakeel Saab'' is the highest opener in India post the pandemic, netting over {{INR}}38 crore on its first day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vakeel Saab Is Top Opener In India Post Pandemic |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6224 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410135923/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6224 |archive-date=10 April 2021 |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> The film collected a gross of {{INR}}100 [[crore]] in its first week.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-21|title=Pawan Kalyan's Vakeel Saab box office collection drops after minting Rs 100 crore|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/pawan-kalyans-vakeel-saab-box-office-collection-drops-after-minting-rs-100-crore-7282631/|access-date=2021-04-22|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422182431/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/pawan-kalyans-vakeel-saab-box-office-collection-drops-after-minting-rs-100-crore-7282631/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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At the US box office, the film grossed $300,000 on the opening day.{{Citation needed|date=April 2026}} [[Taran Adarsh]] through his [[Twitter]] account, reported that the film collected a gross of A$211,857 and NZ$19,220 at the Australian and New Zealand box offices in the first two days respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Taneja|first=Parina|date=2021-04-11|title=Vakeel Saab Box Office Collection Day 2: Pawan Kalyan's film garners top opening numbers|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/regional-cinema/vakeel-saab-box-office-collection-day-2-pawan-kalyan-courtroom-film-top-opening-numbers-696926|access-date=2021-04-11|website=www.indiatvnews.com|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411124610/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/regional-cinema/vakeel-saab-box-office-collection-day-2-pawan-kalyan-courtroom-film-top-opening-numbers-696926|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-11|title=Vakeel Saab Collection: Blockbuster! Pawan Kalyan comeback movie sets box office on fire!|url=https://www.zeebiz.com/zeal/entertainment/news-vakeel-saab-collection-day-2-day-1-worldwide-till-now-so-far-today-twitter-telugu-pawan-kalyan-taran-adarsh-154705|access-date=2021-04-11|website=Zee Business|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411124610/https://www.zeebiz.com/zeal/entertainment/news-vakeel-saab-collection-day-2-day-1-worldwide-till-now-so-far-today-twitter-telugu-pawan-kalyan-taran-adarsh-154705|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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''Vakeel Saab'' netted {{INR}}120 crore in India, surpassing the [[Pink (2016 film)|Hindi]] and [[Nerkonda Paarvai|Tamil]] versions of the film.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pink v Vakeel Saab v Nerkonda Paarvai - Box Office India|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6232|access-date=2021-04-20|website=www.boxofficeindia.com|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420145027/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6232|url-status=live}}</ref> By the end of its theatrical run, the film grossed {{INR}}137.65 crore worldwide, earning the distributors a share of {{INR}}86.1 crore.<ref name="siasatbo" /><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|tt8269248}}<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|vakeel_saab|Vakeel Saab}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Hindi films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian courtroom films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]<br />
[[Category:Films postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]<br />
[[Category:2021 Telugu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2021 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2021 action drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2020s legal drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2021 films]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Rajahmundry]]<br />
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian legal drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Sri Venkateswara Creations films]]<br />
[[Category:Films produced by Boney Kapoor]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shakti_Arora&diff=534386Shakti Arora2026-05-04T10:17:57Z<p>JerryGuerrero: New</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian television actor (born 1986)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Shakti Arora<br />
| image = Shakti Arora 10.jpg<br />
| image_upright = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = Arora in 2020<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|05|16|df=yes}}<ref name="IE"/><br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor and Entrepreneur}}<br />
| years_active = 2006–present <br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Neha Saxena (TV actress)|Neha Saxena]]|2018}}<ref name="IE2"/><br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Shakti Arora''' (born 16 May 1986) is an Indian television actor known for his work in Hindi-language television.<ref name="IE">{{cite news |last1=Farzeen |first1=Sana |title=Happy Birthday Shakti Arora: Lesser-known facts about the Meri Aashiqui Tumse Hi actor |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/shakti-arora-birthday-lesser-known-facts-meri-aashiqui-tumse-hi-actor-5178888/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=16 May 2018 |access-date=6 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="IE2">{{cite news |last1=Farzeen |first1=Sana |title=Shakti Arora and Neha Saxena tie the knot |url= https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/shakti-arora-neha-saxena-marriage-5140536/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 April 2018 |access-date=6 April 2019}}</ref> He is best known for his portrayal of Ranveer Vaghela in ''[[Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi]]'', Dr. Kunal Malhotra in ''[[Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka]]'', and Ishaan Bhonsle in ''[[Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin]]''.<br />
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==Career==<br />
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===Initial days and critical appreciation (2006–2014)===<br />
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Arora made his television debut in 2006 with ''[[Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai]]'' and then played Kamran in [[Sony SAB]]'s ''[[Left Right Left (TV series)|Left Right Left]]'' that year.<ref name="indiatimes_47442959">{{cite web|url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/tv/stars/shakti-arora/Shakti-Arora-did-some-cameos/articleshow/47442959.cms|title=Shakti Arora|work=The Times of India |access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> In 2007, he signed [[Star Plus]]'s medical based series ''[[Dill Mill Gaye]]'' for the supporting role of Sumit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/CEL-20-most-adorable-pictures-of-shakti-arora-aka-rv-of-meri-aashiqui-tum-se-hi-4795897-PHO.html|title=20 most adorable pictures of Shakti Arora aka RV of Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi|work=dailybhaskar|date=4 November 2014|access-date=20 March 2016|archive-date=29 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329221753/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/CEL-20-most-adorable-pictures-of-shakti-arora-aka-rv-of-meri-aashiqui-tum-se-hi-4795897-PHO.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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After a two-year break, he was back to television in 2009 as Jigar Thakkar in ''[[Baa Bahoo Aur Baby]]''.<ref name="vervemagazine_out-of-the-box-shakti-arora">{{cite web |url=http://www.vervemagazine.in/people/out-of-the-box-shakti-arora |title=Out of the Box: Shakti Arora |work=Verve Magazine |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> In 2010, he joined Star Plus's ''[[Tere Liye (TV series)|Tere Liye]]'' as Taposh Banerjee.<ref name="hindustantimes_kBLDjZmGZKyD1e49LguayO">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/tere-liye-couple-in-a-relationship/story-kBLDjZmGZKyD1e49LguayO.html|title=Tere Liye couple in a relationship|work=Hindustan Times |date=27 April 2013|access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> In 2011, he was roped in as Mukul in [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Hi Kijo]]'' and as Angad Purohit in ''[[Sanskaar Laxmi]]''.<ref name="indiatimes_47555190">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/From-sideys-these-TV-hotties-moved-on-to-play-lead-roles/articleshow/47555190.cms|title=From sideys, these TV hotties moved on to play lead roles|work=The Times of India|access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref><br />
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Arora gained appreciation for his performance as Onir Dutt, a doctor in one of Zee TV's soap opera, ''[[Pavitra Rishta]]'', which he did from 2012 to 2013.<ref name="dnaindia_1920483">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-shakti-arora-is-veera-s-love-interest-1920483|title=Shakti Arora is Veera's love interest|date=17 November 2013|work=dna|access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> In 2012, he also hosted ''Gyaan Guru'' and ''[[Gumrah: End of Innocence]]''.<ref name="indiatimes_17155457">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Shakti-Arora-as-Rambo-in-Gumrah/articleshow/17155457.cms? |title=Shakti Arora as Rambo in Gumrah! |work=The Times of India |access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref><br />
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In 2013, he hosted ''Science With BrainCafe'' and acted in ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]'' as Mayank opposite Kapoor and in ''MTV Webbed'' as Kavish Mehta apart from a special cameo in Star Plus's ''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]''.<ref name="indiatimes_11911237">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Shakti-Arora-enjoys-travelling/articleshow/11911237.cms|title=Shakti Arora enjoys travelling|work=The Times of India|access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> His first project of 2014 was playing Avinash opposite [[Charlie Chauhan]] in [[Zing (TV channel)|Zing]]'s ''[[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (TV series)|Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya]]''.<br />
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===Establishment as a leading actor (2014–present)===<br />
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Arora achieved his first leading role in June 2014, as Ranveer Vaghela, a successful business tycoon in [[Colors TV]]'s ''[[Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi]]'' opposite [[Radhika Madan]] and later also played Ranveer's twin brother Milan Vaghela in it.<ref name="indiatimes_49383523">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Shakti-faces-the-pressure-of-playing-a-double-role/articleshow/49383523.cms|title=Shakti faces the pressure of playing a double role|work=The Times of India|access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> He earned several awards and nomination for the show, before it ended in February 2016.<ref name="indiatimes_12649192">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Shakti-Arora-looks-up-to-Big-B-as-an-anchor/articleshow/12649192.cms?|title=Shakti Arora looks up to Big B as an anchor!|work=The Times of India|access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> Simultaneously, he also took part in the dance reality show ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 7|Nach Baliye 7]]'' in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nach-baliye-reasons-it-made-news-this-year/photostory/46675406.cms|title=Nach Baliye: Reasons it made news this year|work=The Times of India|access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref><br />
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Arora additionally gave guest appearances in ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7]]'' and ''[[Krishnadasi (2016 TV series)|Krishnadasi]]'' as his character Ranveer Vaghela from ''Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi''.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Shakti-Arora-Aishwarya-and-Anita-Hassanandani-on-Krishnadasi/articleshow/51260417.cms|title=Shakti Arora, Aishwarya and Anita Hassanandani on Krishnadasi|date=4 March 2016}}</ref> He was a guest in ''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]'' and narrated Colors TV's ''[[Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/what-s-hot/story/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-9-participants-comedy-nights-bachao-lifetv-330305-2016-07-20|title=Dance dates laughter; Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 9 participants on Comedy Nights Bachao|date=20 July 2016}}</ref><br />
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In 2016, he contested in season 2 of ''Box Cricket League''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/200-Actors-10-Teams-and-1-Winner-Let-The-Game-Begin/articleshow/50219718.cms |title=200 Actors, 10 Teams, and 1 Winner... Let The Game Begin |work=The Times of India |access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> That year he also participated in the dance reality show ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 8]]'' as a contestant. He then hosted ''[[Man Mein Hai Visshwas|Man Mein Hai Visshwas 2]]''.<ref name="indiatimes_51039391">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Shakti-Arora-to-take-over-as-the-host-from-Nitish-Bharadwaj/articleshow/51039391.cms|title=Shakti Arora to take over as the host from Nitish Bharadwaj|work=The Times of India|access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref><br />
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In June 2018, Arora begun starring alongside [[Drashti Dhami]] and [[Aditi Sharma (actress, born 1983)|Aditi Dev Sharma]] in Colors TV's ''[[Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka]]'' as [[pediatrician]] Kunal Malhotra.<ref name="indianexpress_5203623">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/shakti-arora-silsila-badalte-rishton-ka-5203623/lite/|title=Shakti Arora: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka will focus on new-age relationships|work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> He quit the show in 2019. He next appeared in Colors TV's cooking show ''Kitchen Champion 5''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sanaya-irani-mohit-shegal-shakti-arora-and-neha-saxena-shoot-for-kitchen-champion/articleshow/68477765.cms |title=Sanaya Irani, Mohit Shegal, Shakti Arora and Neha Saxena shoot for Kitchen Champion |work=The Times of India |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
In June 2022, he replaced [[Dheeraj Dhoopar]] as lead Karan Luthra in Zee TV's ''[[Kundali Bhagya]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shakti Arora makes a smashing entry in Kundali Bhagya |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/shakti-arora-makes-a-smashing-entry-in-kundali-bhagya-new-promo-1961194-2022-06-11 |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name="KDB1" /> However, he quit the series in March 2023 owing to a generation leap in the show and to explore different projects.<ref name="KDB2">{{Cite web|title=I have done a lot of romance in my career and wish to do more of thrilling and fast-paced roles: Shakti Arora on life post Kundali Bhagya|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-have-done-a-lot-of-romance-in-my-career-and-wish-to-do-more-of-thrilling-and-fast-paced-roles-shakti-arora-on-life-post-kundali-bhagya/articleshow/98429388.cms|access-date=2023-03-05|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> From June 2023 to June 2024, he portrayed Ishaan Bhosale in Star Plus's ''[[Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin]]'' opposite [[Bhavika Sharma]]. His character was written out of the show after a time leap.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin EXCLUSIVE: Check out new poster of Shakti Arora, Bhavika Sharma, Sumit Singh|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/ghum-hai-kisikey-pyaar-meiin-exclusive-check-out-new-poster-of-shakti-arora-bhavika-sharma-sumit-singh-1226980|access-date=2023-06-27|website=[[Pinkvilla]]|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year <br />
! Title<br />
! Role <br />
! Notes<br />
! Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2006–2009 <br />
| ''[[Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai]]'' <br />
| Various<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes_47442959" /><br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
| ''[[Left Right Left (TV series)|Left Right Left]]''<br />
| Kamran <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes_47442959"/><br />
|-<br />
| 2007 <br />
| ''[[Dill Mill Gayye]]'' <br />
| Sumit <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/shakti-arora-birthday-lesser-known-facts-meri-aashiqui-tumse-hi-actor-5178888/ |title=Happy Birthday Shakti Arora: Lesser-known facts about the Meri Aashiqui Tumse Hi actor |newspaper=Indian Express |author=Sana Farzeen |location=Mumbai |date=16 May 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2009 <br />
| ''[[Baa Bahoo Aur Baby]]'' <br />
| Jigar Thakkar <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="vervemagazine_out-of-the-box-shakti-arora"/><br />
|-<br />
| 2010 <br />
| ''[[Tere Liye (TV series)|Tere Liye]]'' <br />
| Taposh Banerjee <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="hindustantimes_kBLDjZmGZKyD1e49LguayO"/><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2011 <br />
| ''[[Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Hi Kijo]]'' <br />
| Mukul <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes_47555190"/><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sanskaar Laxmi]]'' <br />
| Angad Purohit <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes_12649192"/><br />
|-<br />
| 2012–2013 <br />
| ''[[Pavitra Rishta]]'' <br />
| Dr. Onir Dutt <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="dnaindia_1920483"/><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2012 <br />
| ''Gyaan Guru'' <br />
| Host <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes_11911237"/><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Gumrah: End of Innocence]]'' <br />
| Rambo <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes_17155457"/><br />
|-<br />
|2013–2014<br />
|''Rasoi Ki Rani''<br />
| rowspan="2" |Contestant<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2013<br />
|''Science with Brain Café''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]'' <br />
| Mayank <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Anupriya-Kapoor-Shakti-AroraYeh-Hai-Aashiqui-Tere-Liye/articleshow/23791234.cms|title=Anupriya Kapoor & Shakti Arora in Yeh Hai Aashiqui|work=The Times of India|access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''MTV Webbed''<br />
| Kavish Mehra <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]'' <br />
| Vyom Chauhan <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2014 <br />
| ''[[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (TV series)|Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya]]'' <br />
| Avinash <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
|-<br />
| 2014–2016 <br />
| ''[[Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi]]'' <br />
| Ranveer Vaghela/Milan Vaghela<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes_49383523"/><br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|''[[Nach Baliye#Season 7|Nach Baliye 7]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" |Contestant<br />
|12th place<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Nach Baliye: Reasons it made news this year |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nach-baliye-reasons-it-made-news-this-year/photostory/46675406.cms |access-date=20 March 2016 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2016<br />
|''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 9|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 9]]''<br />
|8th place<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Man Mein Hai Visshwas|Man Mein Hai Visshwas 2]]'' <br />
|Host <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes_51039391"/><br />
|-<br />
| 2017 <br />
| ''[[Cinta di Pangkuan Himalaya]]'' <br />
| Sakti <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<br />
<ref>{{Cite news|last=Paramitha|first=Tasya|date=6 May 2017|title=Shakti 'Ranveer' Arora Beradu Akting dengan Cut Tari|url=https://www.viva.co.id/arsip/912714-shakti-ranveer-arora-beradu-akting-dengan-cut-tari|access-date=4 June 2023|work=Viva|language=id}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2018–2019 <br />
| ''[[Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka]]'' <br />
| Dr. Kunal Malhotra <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indianexpress_5203623"/><br />
|-<br />
| 2022–2023<br />
| ''[[Kundali Bhagya]]''<br />
| Karan Luthra / Arjun Sooryavanshi<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=The graph of my character Arjun in Kundali Bhagya prompted me to take it up, says Shakti Arora who is otherwise averse to joining a show midway |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-the-graph-of-my-character-arjun-in-kundali-bhagya-prompted-me-to-take-it-up-says-shakti-arora-who-is-otherwise-averse-to-joining-a-show-midway/articleshow/92081241.cms |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name="KDB1">{{Cite web|title=I have reached a stage where comparisons can't break me: Shakti Arora on replacing Dheeraj Dhoopar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-have-reached-a-stage-where-comparisons-cant-break-me-shakti-arora-on-replacing-dheeraj-dhoopar/articleshow/93528747.cms|access-date=2023-01-03|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref name="KDB2"/><br />
|-<br />
| 2023–2024<br />
| ''[[Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin]]''<br />
| Ishaan Bhosale <br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-shakti-arora-to-play-the-new-male-lead-in-ghum-hai-kisikey-pyaar-meiin/articleshow/100964262.cms|title=Shakti Arora to play the new male lead in Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin|access-date=2023-06-13|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Special appearances ====<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year <br />
! Title <br />
! Role <br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 7|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7]]''<br />
|Ranveer Vaghela<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2016 <br />
| ''Box Cricket League 2''<br />
| Himself<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |title=200 Actors, 10 Teams, and 1 Winner... Let The Game Begin |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/200-Actors-10-Teams-and-1-Winner-Let-The-Game-Begin/articleshow/50219718.cms |access-date=20 March 2016 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Krishnadasi (2016 TV series)|Krishnadasi]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" | Ranveer Vaghela<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |date=4 March 2016 |title=Shakti Arora, Aishwarya and Anita Hassanandani on Krishnadasi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Shakti-Arora-Aishwarya-and-Anita-Hassanandani-on-Krishnadasi/articleshow/51260417.cms |website=[[Times Of India]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]''<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |date=20 July 2016 |title=Dance dates laughter; Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 9 participants on Comedy Nights Bachao |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/what-s-hot/story/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-9-participants-comedy-nights-bachao-lifetv-330305-2016-07-20 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki]]'' <br />
| Narrator<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" | Himself<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2019 <br />
| ''Kitchen Champion 5'' <br />
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Sanaya Irani, Mohit Shegal, Shakti Arora and Neha Saxena shoot for Kitchen Champion |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sanaya-irani-mohit-shegal-shakti-arora-and-neha-saxena-shoot-for-kitchen-champion/articleshow/68477765.cms |access-date=20 March 2019 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2024<br />
| ''[[Udne Ki Aasha]]''<br />
| Ishaan Bhosale <br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Udne Ki Aasha and Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin to have a 'Mahasangam' episode|url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/entertainment/television/ghum-hai-kisikey-pyaar-meiin-and-udne-ki-aasha-mahasangam-introduced-by-makers-to-get-trp-before-leap-article-110318562/amp |access-date=22 May 2024 |website=Times Now |language=hindi}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Films ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! Notes<br />
|-2006||Alag||Unnamed||Hindi||film<br />
| 2018 || ''Arwah Tumbal Nyai: Part Arwah'' || Shakti || Indonesian ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2020 || ''Tera Yaar Hu Main'' || Sahil || Hindi || Short film<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Awards and nominations ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Award<br />
! Category<br />
! Work<br />
! Result<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]<br />
| GR8! Performer of the Year - Male<br />
| rowspan="4" |''[[Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi]]''<br />
| rowspan="3" {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2015<br />
|rowspan="2" |[[Indian Telly Awards]]<br />
| Best On-screen Couple<br />
|-<br />
| Best Actor in Lead role<br />
|-<br />
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]<br />
| Youth Icon of the Year<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|[[Indian Telly Awards]]<br />
|Best Actor In Lead Role (Male)<br />
|''[[Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka]]''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|[[Gold Glam and Style Awards]]<br />
|Stylish Influencer (Male)<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of Indian television actors]]<br />
* [[List of Indian actors]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
*{{IMDb name|id=4581077}}<br />
*{{Twitter|shaktiarora}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Arora, Shakti}}<br />
[[Category:1986 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muni_Narayana_Prasad&diff=519084Muni Narayana Prasad2026-04-26T21:31:21Z<p>JerryGuerrero: Done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian spiritual teacher and author (1938–2026)}}<br />
{{AI-generated|date=June 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Swami Muni Narayana Prasad<br />
| image = File:Muni Narayana Prasad.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1938|12|09|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Nagaroor]], [[Travancore]], British India<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2026|04|25|1938|12|09|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], Kerala, India<br />
| occupation = Spiritual teacher, author<br />
| known_for = Head of Narayana Gurukula, Author of Philosophical works on Sree Narayana Guru<br />
| notable_works = ''Life's Pilgrimage Through Gita'', ''Christ the Guru'', ''In the Name of Allah''<br />
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2024), [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Swami Muni Narayana Prasad''' (9 December 1938 – 25 April 2026) was an Indian spiritual teacher, author and the head of the Narayana Gurukula Foundation, a philosophical and educational organisation inspired by the teachings of [[Narayana Guru]]. He wrote extensively on [[Indian philosophy]] and [[Vedanta]] and was noted for making traditional texts accessible to modern audiences.<ref name="padmaawards">{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards 2024 - Citation |url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/Document/pdf/CitationsForTickets/2024/202498.pdf |website=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |access-date=28 June 2025}}</ref> He died on April 25, 2026, at a hospital in [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref name="Muni Narayana Prasad Passed Away">{{Cite web |date=April 25, 2026 |title=Muni Narayana Prasad Passed Away |url=https://www.manoramanews.com/kerala/latest/2026/04/25/muni-narayana-prasad-passes-away.html |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=Manorama News |language=ml}}</ref><ref name="Noted philosopher and Narayana Gurukula head Swami Muni Narayana Prasad passes away at 87">{{Cite web |date=April 25, 2026 |title=Noted philosopher and Narayana Gurukula head Swami Muni Narayana Prasad passes away at 87 |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/breaking-noted-philosopher-and-narayana-gurukula-head-swami-muni-narayana-prasad-passes-away-hkj9txw8 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=@mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life and career==<br />
Swami Muni Narayana Prasad was born in [[Nagaroor]], [[Travancore]] on 9 December 1938. He trained as a civil engineer and worked with the Public Works Department of the Kerala government. In 1968, he resigned to join the Narayana Gurukula as an inmate.<ref name="pib2024">{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards 2024 announced |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1999790 |website=Press Information Bureau |date=25 January 2024 |access-date=28 June 2025}}</ref> The Gurukula was established in 1923 by Nataraja Guru, a disciple of Narayana Guru.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Guru was pioneer of Indian Renaissance: Kovind |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2023/Aug/21/guru-was-pioneer-of-indian-renaissance-says-kovind-2607223.html |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=28 June 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Leadership and activities==<br />
Prasad became the Head and Guru of Narayana Gurukula in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bharatheeya Vichara Kendram honours Padma Shri awardee Narayana Gurukulam president Guru Swami Muni Narayana Prasad |url=https://english.janamtv.com/news/kerala/91875/bharatheeya-vichara-kendram-honours-padma-shri-awardee-narayana-gurukulam-president-guru-swami-muni-narayana-prasad/ |website=Janam TV |date=28 January 2024 |access-date=28 June 2025}}</ref> Under his leadership, the Gurukula expanded its activities within India and abroad, operating centres in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, [[Karnataka]], [[Singapore]], [[Fiji]], and the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Shree for Keralites |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/india/2024/01/25/padma-shree-for-keralites-2024.html |website=Onmanorama |access-date=28 June 2025}}</ref> He also led the Gita Ashram in Fiji from 1989 to 1991.<ref name="padmaawards" /><br />
<br />
==Death==<br />
Prasad died in Kerala on 25 April 2026, at the age of 87.<ref>{{cite news |title=Noted philosopher and Narayana Gurukula head Swami Muni Narayana Prasad passes away at 87 |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/breaking-noted-philosopher-and-narayana-gurukula-head-swami-muni-narayana-prasad-passes-away-hkj9txw8 |access-date=25 April 2026 |publisher=Mathrubhumi |date=25 April 2026}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Writings==<br />
Prasad authored over 130 books, including about 100 in Malayalam and 30 in English. His works include commentaries on the ''Aitareya'', ''Isavasya'', ''Kena'', ''Prasna'', ''Mandukya'', ''Taittiriya'', ''Svetasvatara'', and ''Chandogya Upanishads''. His English commentary on the Bhagavad Gita is titled ''Life’s Pilgrimage Through Gita''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Scholarly analysis a must to counter the misreading of texts: Governor Sathasivam |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2018/Jul/06/scholarly-analysis-a-must-to-counter-the-misreading-of-texts-governor-p-sathasivam-1838903.html |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=28 June 2025}}</ref> He has also authored works such as:<br />
* ''Narayana Guru: Complete Works'' (National Book Trust)<br />
* ''The Philosophy of Narayana Guru''<br />
* ''Pure Philosophy Simplified for Youth''<br />
* ''Vedanta Up to Narayana Guru''<br />
* ''Karma and Reincarnation''<br />
* ''Christ the Guru'', which interprets the Gospels through a Vedantic lens<br />
* ''In the Name of Allah'', an interpretation of the names of Allah in the Quran<br />
<br />
His books have been translated into Hindi and Assamese.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sree Narayana Guru's poetry offers lessons in conflict resolution |url=https://ullekhnp.com/2023/12/22/sree-narayana-gurus-poetry-offers-lessons-in-conflict-resolution-and-winning-over-adversaries/ |website=Ullekhnp |date=22 December 2023 |access-date=28 June 2025}}</ref> Commentators have described his work as making philosophical concepts accessible to younger readers and general audiences.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guru Muni Narayana Prasad: Meditation on Thought |url=https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/malayalam-vaarika/essays/2021/Dec/26/guru-muni-narayana-prasad-meditation-on-thought-138482.html |website=Samakalika Malayalam |date=26 December 2021 |access-date=28 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NE Sudheer's discussion with Muni Narayana Prasad |url=https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/malayalam-vaarika/essays/2021/Sep/03/ne-sudheers-discussion-with-muni-narayana-prasad-129858.html |website=Samakalika Malayalam |date=3 September 2021 |access-date=28 June 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards and recognition==<br />
Prasad received the following awards:<br />
* [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]] for Best Translation (2015), for translating a commentary on Sankaracharya’s ''Soundarya Lahari''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala Sahitya Akademi announces awards |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/mobile/news.php?id=922427 |website=Kerala Kaumudi |access-date=28 June 2025}}</ref><br />
* Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Best Autobiography (2018), for his autobiography ''Atmayanam''.<br />
* The [[Padma Shri]] in 2024 for contributions to literature and education.<ref name="padmaawards"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bharatheeya Vichara Kendram honours Padma Shri awardee |url=https://english.janamtv.com/news/kerala/91875/bharatheeya-vichara-kendram-honours-padma-shri-awardee-narayana-gurukulam-president-guru-swami-muni-narayana-prasad/ |website=Janam TV |date=28 January 2024 |access-date=28 June 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Prasad, Muni Narayana}}<br />
[[Category:1938 births]]<br />
[[Category:2026 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian spiritual teachers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian philosophers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male writers]]<br />
[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]<br />
[[Category:People from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bombay_Development_Department&diff=492133Bombay Development Department2026-04-23T12:24:53Z<p>JerryGuerrero: put up a entry</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|1920 housing department in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox organization<br />
| name = Bombay Development Department <br />
| logo =<br />
| image =<br />
| caption =<br />
| formation = 1920<br />
| founder = [[George Lloyd, 1st Baron Lloyd|Sir George Lloyd]]<br />
| type = Government department<br />
| purpose =To implement housing and development schemes in Bombay City, including the Back Bay Reclamation Scheme and the construction of 50,000 tenements <br />
| headquarters = [[Bombay]]<br />
| website =<br />
}}<br />
The '''Bombay Development Department''' (BDD) was established in 1920 by the [[Bombay Presidency]] with the primary objective of providing more land for housing and constructing 50,000 tenements on reclaimed lands. The Bombay Development Department (BDD) [[Chawl|chawls]] were constructed by the British government between 1920 and 1925.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kamath |first1=Naresh |title=Exclusion of Sewri chawls from revamp project to affect 960 families |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/exclusion-of-sewri-chawls-from-revamp-project-to-affect-960-families-101654627985600.html |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=8 June 2022}}</ref> It was established by [[George Lloyd, 1st Baron Lloyd|Sir George Lloyd]], the [[Governor of Bombay]].<ref>{{cite news |title=PMC Agreement for BDD Redevelopment Project |url=https://www.mhada.gov.in/sites/default/files/PMC-Agreement-for-BDD-Redevelopment-Project-26_2_2019-Worli.pdf |publisher=Mhada |date=6 May 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Projects ==<br />
The Bombay Development Department has been responsible for several notable projects, including BBD Chawls, the [[Back Bay (Mumbai)|Back Bay Reclamation]] project<ref>{{harvnb|Greater Bombay District Gazetteer|1986|loc=[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_Bombay/history.html#24 Back Bay Scandal]|Ref=bom}}</ref> and the development of [[Salsette Island]], which helped provide adequate water to the city of Bombay. BDD undertook the reclamation of [[Marine Drive, Mumbai|Marine Drive]] located along the southern coast of Bombay Island and initiated the development of suburbs to the north. BDD undertook massive housing schemes in the city, which are now known as BDD chawls.<ref>{{cite news |title=History of BDD Chawls |url=https://memumbai.com/bdd-chawls/ |publisher=MeMumbai |date=25 December 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
== BDD Chawls ==<br />
The Bombay Development Department (BDD) constructed affordable housing for the large number of workers employed in the mills, ports, and railway construction.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Simpreet |title=Democracy In The Dark: The Story Of Mumbai And Its Slums |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/democracy-in-the-dark-the-story-of-mumbai-and-its-slums-news-211546 |publisher=[[Outlook India]] |date=24 July 2022}}</ref> It consisted of single-room tenements spanning 160 sq. ft.<ref>{{cite news |title=After decades in 160 sq ft chawls, over 800 Naigaon BDD residents receive keys to 2BHK homes |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/after-decades-in-160-sq-ft-chawls-over-800-naigaon-bdd-residents-receive-keys-to-2bhk-homes-101773688116448.html<br />
|work=Hindustan Times |access-date=2026-04-23}}</ref><br />
<br />
As of August 2021, there are a total of 195 BDD Chawls located at [[Worli]], Naigaon, and N M Joshi Road in [[Parel]] area of Mumbai, covering an area of 86.98 acres, with the Worli BDD chawls occupying the largest area of 59.69 acres and housing close to 12,000 families. Out of the 195 BDD chawls, 121 are located in Worli.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shaikh |first1=Zeeshan |title=Redeveloping central Mumbai's chawls: the project and the politics |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/mumbais-century-old-chawls-and-why-maharashtra-is-keen-on-restarting-stalled-redevelopment-7434428/ |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |date=7 August 2021}}</ref><br />
=== Redevelopment ===<br />
The BDD chawls, which are over a century old, have been in a state of disrepair for a long time and are a safety concern, making redevelopment a longstanding demand. In 2017, the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]-[[Shiv Sena]] government led by [[Devendra Fadnavis]] launched a Rs 17,000 crore redevelopment plan. The plan includes rehousing the residents of more than 16,000 apartments in the new buildings for free.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chitnis |first1=Purva |title=Rs 17,000 cr revamp for Mumbai's British-era BDD chawls: Residents hopeful, planners have doubts |url=https://theprint.in/india/rs-17000-cr-revamp-for-mumbais-british-era-bdd-chawls-residents-hopeful-planners-have-doubts/858628/ |publisher=[[The Print]] |date=5 March 2022}}</ref> But the project could not begin due to issues like eligibility criteria, selection of contractors and agreement issues. In August 2020, the BDD Chawls redevelopment plan was revived by CM [[Uddhav Thackeray]] and [[Sharad Pawar]]. The [[Balasahebanchi Shiv Sena]] led [[Eknath Shinde]] government has set a target to complete the redevelopment of the BDD chawls before the [[2024 elections in India|2024 elections.]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Fadnavis sets target of 2024 to complete redevelopment of BDD chawls |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/fadnavis-sets-target-of-2024-to-complete-redevelopment-of-bdd-chawls-101667330032657.html |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Worli BDD buildings to be ready by December 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/worli-bdd-buildings-to-be-ready-by-december-2024-mhada/articleshow/96868953.cms |publisher=[[Times of India]] |date=10 January 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2023, the Chief Minister [[Eknath Shinde]] approved the allotment of 300 sqft housing units to eligible residents of the BDD chawls in [[Worli]], Naigaon, and NM Joshi Marg (Parel) after the redevelopment process. The new housing units are larger than the previous ones, the largest of which were 269 sqft. The [[Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority]] (MHADA) has been assigned for the redevelopment.<ref>{{cite news |title=BDD Chawl Redevelopment: Eligible residents to get 300 sqft carpet area |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/bdd-chawl-redevelopment-eligible-residents-to-get-300-sqft-carpet-area |publisher=[[The Free Press Journal]] |date=9 January 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Bombay City Improvement Trust]] <br />
* [[ History of Bombay under British rule (1661–1947)]]<br />
* [[History of Mumbai]]<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
===Works cited===<br />
*{{Cite book |url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/volume1.html |title=Greater Bombay District Gazetteer |series=Maharashtra State Gazetteers |volume=27 |year=1960 |access-date=13 August 2008 |publisher=[[Government of Maharashtra]] |ref=bom |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906220718/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/volume1.html <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archive-date=6 September 2008}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1920 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:History of Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Bombay Presidency]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meilleur_Events&diff=517329Meilleur Events2026-04-17T18:44:00Z<p>JerryGuerrero: Done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian-Australian event}}<br />
{{Notability|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox company<br />
| name = Meilleur Events<br />
| type = Events and Entertainment Company<br />
| industry = Entertainment<br />
| founded = 2016<br />
| founder = [[Sonalika Pradhan]]<br />
| hq_location_city = [[Melbourne]]<br />
| hq_location_country = [[Australia]]<br />
| area_served = Australia and India<br />
| key_people = Ojasvi Pradhan and Dhruvika Pradhan<br />
| owner = Ojasvi Pradhan<br />
| num_employees = 15<br />
| num_employees_year = 2023<br />
| website = {{URL|http://meilleurevents.au}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Meilleur Events''' is an [[India|Indian]]-[[Australia|Australian]] events and entertainment company founded by [[Sonalika Pradhan]] in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=This is actor Vishwajeet Pradhan and wife Sonalika's new venture! |url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/actor-vishwajeet-pradhan-and-wife-sonalikas-new-venture-190823 |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=Tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=We are supporting charity and promoting GenNext designers: Sonalika Pradhan |url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/lifestyle/we-are-supporting-charity-and-promoting-gennext-designers-sonalika-pradhan-190509 |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=Tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref> It is headquartered at the [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=India Fashion Week Australia 2022 |url=https://www.onlymelbourne.com.au/indian-fashion-week |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=www.onlymelbourne.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Murdeshwar |first=Sachin |date=2022-11-07 |title=Open Graph Meta Tags: Everything You Need to Know |url=https://globalprimenews.com/ |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=Global Prime News |language=en-US}}</ref> The company is owned by Ojasvi Pradhan, son of [[Vishwajeet Pradhan]] and [[Sonalika Pradhan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=IBT Entertainment |date=2019-08-22 |title=Vishwajeet Pradhan, his wife Sonalika plan to announce Meilleur Events with Ozvaganza in Mumbai this December |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/vishwajeet-pradhan-his-wife-sonalika-plan-announce-meilleur-events-ozvaganza-mumbai-this-804012 |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=www.ibtimes.co.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=WW |first=FashionNetwork com |title=Meilleur Events to present India Fashion Week Australia in Melbourne this August |url=https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Meilleur-events-to-present-india-fashion-week-australia-in-melbourne-this-august,1097567.html |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=FashionNetwork.com |language=en-WW}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India Fashion Week returns to Melbourne - Ragtrader |url=https://www.ragtrader.com.au/news/india-fashion-week-returns-to-melbourne |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=www.ragtrader.com.au |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=IBT Entertainment |date=2019-06-28 |title=Celebs to heat up Vishwajeet Pradhan, Sonalika's fashion show; couple eyeing Dubai as next destination |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/celebs-heat-vishwajeet-pradhan-sonalikas-fashion-show-couple-eyeing-dubai-next-destination-800565 |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=www.ibtimes.co.in |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
[[Category:2016 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:2016 establishments in Australia]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abraham_George_(politician)&diff=484415Abraham George (politician)2026-04-09T13:19:55Z<p>JerryGuerrero: Made new details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|American businessperson and politician}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
|name = Abraham George<br />
|image = Picture--AbrahamGeorge--Jan2025.jpg<br />
|office = Chair of the [[Republican Party of Texas|Texas Republican Party]]<br />
|term_start = May 24, 2024<br />
|term_end = <br />
|predecessor = [[Matt Rinaldi]]<br />
|successor = <br />
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979|10|19}}<br />
|birth_place = [[Kerala]], [[India]]<br />
|death_date = <br />
|death_place = <br />
|party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]<br />
|spouse = Jeena<br />
|children = 2<br />
|education = [[University of North Texas]] ([[Master of Business Administration|MBA]])<br />
|website = {{URL|abrahamgeorge.com|Campaign website}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Abraham George''' (born October 19, 1979)<ref name="AbeGeoWeb">[https://abrahamgeorge.com/meet-abraham/ Meet Abraham George], ''Abraham George for State Chairman''. Access Date: May 25, 2024.</ref><ref name="BPSurvey">[https://ballotpedia.org/Abraham_George Ballotpedia survey responses], ''[[Ballotpedia]]'', Access Date: May 25, 2024.</ref> is an [[India|Indian]]-born American [[businessman]] and politician from [[Parker, Texas]], who has served as the [[party chair|chairman]] of the [[Republican Party of Texas]] since May 2024.<ref name="DMNGromer05242024">Jeffers, Gromer. [https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/other/texas-republican-convention-approves-closed-primary-selects-new-leader/ar-BB1n0Uk9 Texas Republican convention approves closed primary, selects new leader], ''[[Dallas Morning News]]'', May 24, 2024.</ref><ref name="TXTrib05242024">{{Cite web |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2024/05/24/texas-republican-party-chair-abraham-george/ |website=[[Texas Tribune]] |date=24 May 2024 |title=Far-right favorite Abraham George elected to lead Texas GOP |first1=Renzo |last1=Downey |first2=Robert |last2=Downen |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525035112/https://www.texastribune.org/2024/05/24/texas-republican-party-chair-abraham-george/ |archive-date=25 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="Texan05242024">Johnson, Brad. [https://thetexan.news/elections/2024/abraham-george-elected-next-texas-gop-chair-ahead-of-2024-general-closed-primary-rule-established/article_2c4a2d72-1a20-11ef-b7b2-8b3f0057ad26.html Abraham George Elected Next Texas GOP Chair Ahead of 2024 General, Closed Primary Rule Established], ''[[The Texan (website)|The Texan]]'', May 24, 2024.</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life and education==<br />
Born in [[Kerala]], [[India]], George moved to the United States at the age of 16 with his family in 1996.<ref name="AbeGeoWeb"/><ref name="KRLD10092023">Lewis, Curt. [https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/collin-county-gop-chairman-steps-down-to-run-for-texas-house-seat/ar-AA1hYujs Collin County GOP Chairman steps down to run for Texas House seat], ''[[KRLD (AM)|KRLD AM Radio Dallas]]'', October 9, 2023.</ref> He became a U.S. citizen in 2001.<ref name="BPSurvey"/> George earned his [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] from the [[University of North Texas]].<br />
<br />
George started a [[software]] firm in 2012 that specialized in [[healthcare management]].<ref>[https://clubforgrowthfoundation.org/fellow/abraham-george/ "Abraham George"], ''Club for Growth Foundation''. Access Date: June 1, 2024.</ref><br />
<br />
==Political career==<br />
George was elected to the state Republican executive committee to represent Senate District 8 in 2020, then elected chair of the [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]] GOP by the executive committee in October 2021, and won re-election in March 2022.<ref>[https://abrahamgeorge.com/meet-abraham/ Meet Abraham George], ''Abraham George Campaign''. Access Date: May 27, 2024.</ref> As chairman, he criticized the impeachment of [[Texas Attorney General]] [[Ken Paxton]] as a waste of time and resources that took Republican House members away from priorities such as the border and economy.<ref>Love, Caroline. [https://www.keranews.org/news/2023-09-16/collin-gop-chair-calls-paxton-impeachment-acquittal-a-triumph Collin County GOP chair calls Paxton impeachment acquittal a ‘triumph’], [[KERA-TV]], [[Dallas]], Texas, North Texas Public Broadcasting, Inc., September 16, 2023.</ref><ref name="KRLD10092023" /> He also criticized the prosecution of Paxton's impeachment, stating that the evidence that the prosecutors presented did not support a guilty verdict in the impeachment.<ref>Miles, J.D. [https://www.cbsnews.com/texas/news/collin-county-gop-leader-believes-evidence-presented-in-ken-paxton-trial-doesnt-support-impeachment/ "Collin County GOP leader believes evidence presented in Ken Paxton trial doesn't support impeachment"], ''[[CBS News]]'', September 15, 2023.</ref><br />
<br />
In October 2023, he resigned to run in the Republican primary for [[Texas's 89th House of Representatives district|Texas's 89th house district]], challenging incumbent representative [[Candy Noble]], where he was defeated.<ref>Hamilton, Shelbie. [https://communityimpact.com/dallas-fort-worth/mckinney/election/2024/03/05/candy-noble-wins-republican-primary-race-for-state-house-district-89-seat/ Candy Noble wins Republican primary race for State House District 89 seat], ''Community Impact'', March 5, 2024.</ref> <br />
<br />
He was elected chairman at the Texas Republican convention in [[San Antonio]] on May 24, 2024.<ref name="DMNGromer05242024"/> George faced six other candidates. On the convention floor, George defeated outgoing party vice-chair Dana Myers<ref name="TXTrib05242024"/><ref name="TXScorecard">Waltens, Brandon. [https://texasscorecard.com/state/abraham-george-elected-chair-of-texas-gop/ Abraham George Elected Chair of Texas GOP], ''Texas Scorecard'', May 24, 2024.</ref> and former [[Texas Real Estate Commission|Texas Real Estate Commissioner]] Weston Martinez.<ref name="TXTrib05242024"/><ref name="TXScorecard"/> In the final round of voting, George defeated Myers, 54% to 46%.<ref name="TXScorecard"/> George was endorsed by the outgoing chairman [[Matt Rinaldi]]<ref name="TXTrib05242024"/><ref>{{cite web | last=Downen | first=Robert | title=Race to succeed Texas GOP chair Matt Rinaldi has become referendum on his tenure | website=The Texas Tribune | date=March 27, 2024 | url=https://www.texastribune.org/2024/03/27/texas-republican-party-matt-rinaldi-chair/ | access-date=May 28, 2024}}</ref> and Ken Paxton.<ref name="Texan05242024"/><br />
<br />
In April 2026, George named Amanda Hopper, wife of Texas State Representative [[Andy Hopper (politician)|Andy Hopper]], as his preferred running mate to serve as vice chair of the party. The election will take place at the 2026 RPT State Convention, set to be held in June.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Warren |first1=Thomas |title=Abraham George Names RPT Running Mate |url=https://www.amarillopioneer.com/blog/2026/4/8/abraham-george-names-rpt-running-mate |access-date=9 April 2026 |agency=The Amarillo Pioneer |date=8 April 2026}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Political positions==<br />
George opposes Democrats being appointed to committee chair positions in the Texas House by a Republican Speaker, believing that the practice takes away the power of the House from the Republicans and gives it to the Democrats.<ref>[https://texasscorecard.com/local/republican-house-candidates-spar-over-democrat-committee-chairs/ Republican House Candidates Spar Over Democrat ''(sic)'' Committee Chairs], ''[[Texas Scorecard]]'', January 29, 2024</ref><br />
<br />
George supports school choice.<ref>[https://www.keranews.org/politics/2024-03-25/texas-republican-party-collin-county-abraham-george/ ‘Personal, political drama haunt Collin County's Abraham George in battle for state GOP chair], ''KERA'', March 25, 2024.</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
George and his wife, Jeena, a [[registered nurse]], live in [[Parker, Texas]], with their two children, both of whom attend the [[Plano Independent School District]].<ref>[https://abrahamgeorge.com/meet-abraham/ Meet Abraham George], ''abrahamgeorge.com''. Access Date: June 1, 2024.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://clubforgrowthfoundation.org/fellow/abraham-george/ | title=Abraham George }}</ref> He is of [[Malayalis|Malayali]] descent.<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
{{Election box begin no change<br />
|title = 2024 Texas 89th District Republican primary<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change<br />
| party = Republican Party (United States)<br />
| candidate = [[Candy Noble]] (incumbent)<br />
| votes =9,579<br />
| percentage =52.60%<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link no change<br />
| party = Republican Party (United States)<br />
| candidate = Abraham George<br />
| votes =8,632<br />
| percentage =47.40%<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box total no change<br />
| votes =18,211<br />
| percentage =100.00%<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{s-start}}<br />
{{s-ppo}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Matt Rinaldi]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the [[Republican Party of Texas|Texas Republican Party]]|years=2024–present}}<br />
{{s-inc}}<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
<br />
{{Republican State Chairs}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:George, Abraham}}<br />
[[Category:1979 births]]<br />
[[Category:American Christians]]<br />
[[Category:American politicians of Indian descent]]<br />
[[Category:Asian conservatism in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Businesspeople from Texas]]<br />
[[Category:People from Parker, Texas]]<br />
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Texas Republican state chairmen]]<br />
[[Category:Texas Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:University of North Texas alumni]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Malayali descent]]<br />
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]<br />
[[Category:People from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Malayali politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Asian-American people in Texas politics]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gold_Line_(Mumbai_Metro)&diff=500776Gold Line (Mumbai Metro)2026-04-04T17:43:36Z<p>JerryGuerrero: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Rapid transit line in Mumbai}}<br />
{{notability|date=June 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox rail line<br />
| box_width = <br />
| name = {{big|Gold Line}}<br />
| other_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| color = {{rcr|Mumbai Metro|gold}}<br />
| logo = <br />
| logo_width = <br />
| logo_alt = <br />
| image = Maha Mumbai Metro.png<br />
| image_width = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| type = [[Airport Express Train]]<br />
| system = [[Mumbai Metro]]<br />
| status = Approved by the State Government<br />
| locale = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br />
| start = [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|CSMIA T2]]<br />
| end = [[Navi Mumbai International Airport|NMIA T2]]<br />
| stations = <br />
| routes = <br />
| daily_ridership = <br />
| ridership2 = <br />
| planopen = <br />
| open = <!--{{Start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}}--><br />
| yearcompleted = <!--{{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}}--><br />
| event1label = <br />
| event1 = <br />
| event2label = <br />
| event2 = <br />
| event3label = <br />
| event3 = <br />
| owner = [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority|MMRDA]], [[CIDCO]]<br />
| operator = [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority|MMRDA]], [[CIDCO]]<br />
| character = [[Elevated]], Underground<br />
| depot = <br />
| stock = <br />
| linelength_km = 35<br />
| tracklength_km = <br />
| tracks = <br />
| gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}}<br />
| load_gauge = <br />
| minradius = <br />
| racksystem = <br />
| routenumber = <br />
| linenumber = <br />
| electrification = <br />
| speed_km/h = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| elevation_ft = <br />
| elevation = <br />
| website = <br />
| map = <br />
| map_name = map_name<br />
| map_state = uncollapsed<br />
}}<br />
'''Line 8''' or the '''Gold Line''' is an approved line of the [[Mumbai Metro]]. It would run from [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport]] to [[Navi Mumbai International Airport]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2018-03-30 |title=Mumbai's airport Metro will have a train every 15 minutes |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/mumbai-s-airport-metro-will-have-a-train-every-15-minutes/story-Nh3JrKnUhM6jrzPiCvezoN.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624034002/https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/mumbai-s-airport-metro-will-have-a-train-every-15-minutes/story-Nh3JrKnUhM6jrzPiCvezoN.html |archive-date=24 June 2024 |access-date=2024-12-27 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2024-12-13 |title=Gold Line Metro: Maharashtra govt to finalise executing agency for Rs 15,000 crore corridor linking Mumbai, Navi Mumbai airports |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/metro-8-project-awaits-decision-on-executing-agency-after-poll-break/articleshow/116258897.cms |access-date=2024-12-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The {{Convert|35|km|mi|adj=on}} line would be both elevated and underground and cost {{Currency|150 billion|INR}}.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
It has been approved by the [[Government of Maharashtra]], the Detailed Project Report may be made by [[City and Industrial Development Corporation|CIDCO]]. It is to be developed in a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model, similar to [[Blue Line (Mumbai Metro)|Mumbai Metro Blue Line 1]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-28 |title=Metro Line 8 approved: Seamless Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (CSMIA) to Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA) connectivity; all you need to know |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/metro-8-linking-two-airports-to-be-built-under-ppp-model/articleshow/117610868.cms |access-date=2025-03-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Stations==<br />
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;<br />
|- bgcolor="#{{rcr|Mumbai Metro|gold}}"<br />
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;" |'''<span style="color:white;">Gold Line (Line 8)</span>'''<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | #<br />
! colspan="2" | Station <br />
! rowspan="2" |Interchange<br />
! rowspan="2" | Opened<br />
! rowspan="2" | Alignment<br />
|-<br />
![[English language|English]]<br />
![[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
| {{stl|Mumbai Metro|Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport - T2}}<br />
| छत्रपती शिवाजी महाराज आंतरराष्ट्रीय विमानतळ - टी२<br />
|{{rint|Mumbai|m}} {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|red|croute}} ''(under construction)''<br />
[[File:Logo_of_Mumbai_Metro_Line_3.png|link=Aqua_Line_(Mumbai_Metro)|17x17px]] {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|aqua|croute}}<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Underground<br />
|-<br />
| 2<br />
| Phoenix Mall<br />
|फिनिक्स मॉल<br />
|<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Underground<br />
|-<br />
| 3<br />
| {{stl|Mumbai Metro|SG Barve Marg}}<br />
|एस.जी. बर्वे मार्ग<br />
|{{rint|Mumbai|m}} {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|yellow|croute}} ''(under construction)''<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Underground<br />
|-<br />
| 4<br />
| Kurla<br />
|कुर्ला<br />
|<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Underground<br />
|-<br />
| 5<br />
| Lokmanya Tilak Terminus<br />
|लोकमान्य टिळक टर्मिनस<br />
|<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Underground<br />
|-<br />
| 6<br />
| {{stl|Mumbai Metro|Garodia Nagar}}<br />
|गरोडिया नगर<br />
|{{rint|Mumbai|m}} {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|green|croute}} ''(under construction)''<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Underground<br />
|-<br />
| 7<br />
| Baiganwadi<br />
|बैगनवाडी<br />
|<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
| 8<br />
| {{stl|Mumbai Metro|Mankhurd}}<br />
|मानखुर्द<br />
|{{rint|Mumbai|m}} {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|yellow|croute}} ''(under construction)''<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
| 9<br />
| ISBT<br />
|आयएसबीटी<br />
|<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
| 10<br />
| Vashi<br />
|वाशी<br />
|<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
| 11<br />
| Sanpada<br />
|सानपाडा<br />
|<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
| 12<br />
| Juinagar<br />
|जुईनगर<br />
|<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
| 13<br />
| LP<br />
|एल.पी.<br />
|<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
| 14<br />
| Nerul<br />
|नेरुळ<br />
|<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
| 15<br />
| Seawoods<br />
|सीवूड्स<br />
|<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
| 16<br />
| Apollo<br />
|अपोलो<br />
|<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
| 17<br />
| Sagar Sangam<br />
|सागर संगम<br />
|<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
| 18<br />
| Targhar<br />
|तरघर<br />
|<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
| 19<br />
| Navi Mumbai International Airport West<br />
|नवी मुंबई आंतरराष्ट्रीय विमानतळ पश्चिम<br />
|<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
| 20<br />
| Navi Mumbai International Airport Terminal 2<br />
|नवी मुंबई आंतरराष्ट्रीय विमानतळ टर्मिनल २<br />
|<br />
|Proposed<br />
|Elevated<br />
|-bgcolor = #{{rcr|Mumbai Metro|gold}}<br />
|colspan = "8"|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Mumbai Metro navbox|line 8=yes}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mumbai Metro lines]]<br />
[[Category:Airport rail links in India|M]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nithyananda&diff=522282Nithyananda2026-04-01T18:38:48Z<p>JerryGuerrero: starting new article!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian godman and founder of the micronation of Kailaasa}}<br />
{{other uses|Nityananda (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox Hindu leader<br />
| name =Nithyananda<br />
| image =Paramhamsa_Nithyananda.jpg<br />
| religion =Hinduism<br />
| birth_date ={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1978|01|01}}<ref name="sak" /><br />
| birth_place =[[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br />
| philosophy =[[Advaita Vedanta]]<br />
| founder =Nithyananda Dhyanapeetam<br />
| birth_name =Arunachalam Rajasekaran<br />
| honorific prefix =[[Swami]]<br />
| honorific suffix =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Nithyananda''' (born '''Arunachalam Rajasekaran''';{{Efn|In this [[Indian name]], the name '''Arunachalam''' is a [[patronymic]], and the person is commonly called by the [[given name]], '''Rajasekaran'''.|group=|name=}} 1 January 1978) is an Indian spiritual leader and a self-styled [[Godman (India)|godman]].<ref name="telegraph-hfb-diwali">{{Cite news |last1=Sawer |first1=Patrick |last2=Joshi |first2=Poonam |date=11 December 2022 |title=Work of cult leader wanted by Indian police promoted in Houses of Parliament Diwali pamphlet |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |location=London |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/12/11/work-cult-leader-wanted-indian-police-promoted-houses-parliament/ |url-access=limited |access-date=12 December 2022}}</ref> He has been described by several media outlets, including ''The Daily Telegraph'', as a controversial figure and cult leader. He is the founder of Nithyananda Dhyanapeetam, a [[Trust (business)|trust]] that owns [[Hindu temple|temples]], [[gurukula]]s, and [[ashram]]s in many countries. He is also the founding head of the [[micronation]] of [[Kailaasa]].<br />
<br />
Following charges of rape and abduction filed in Indian courts, Nithyananda fled India and has remained in hiding since 2019.<ref name="AP 2023">{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=30 November 2023 |title=Paraguay official resigns after signing agreement with fictional country |url=https://apnews.com/article/kailasa-paraguay-india-hindu-chamorro-bec1acb8178cfe645392f0f1aae75a58 |access-date=1 December 2023 |work=AP News |publisher=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> He is the subject of a court-issued non-[[bail]]able [[Warrant (law)|warrant]] relating to the allegations.<ref name="indianexpress-nonbail">{{cite news |date=19 August 2022 |title=Karnataka Bengaluru Highlights: Non-bailable warrant against controversial godman Nithyananda |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/karnataka-bengaluru-news-today-live-updates-weather-covid-bbmp-latest-news-8094520/ |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=20 August 2022 |title=Karnataka: Court issues non-bailable warrant against Nithyananda |url=https://www.siasat.com/karnataka-court-issues-non-bailable-warrant-against-nithyananda-2394289/ |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=[[The Siasat Daily]]}}</ref> Nithyananda is also wanted since 2019 for unrelated [[fraud]] charges in France.<ref name="Pandey 2019">{{cite news |last=Pandey |first=Munish Chandra |date=5 December 2019 |title=Now, French govt launches fraud investigation against rape-accused Nithyananda |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/now-french-govt-launches-fraud-investigation-against-rape-accused-nithyananda-1625623-2019-12-05 |access-date=17 January 2024 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> In 2020, he announced the founding of his own self-proclaimed island nation called [[Kailaasa]],<ref name="The Hindu 2019-11-21">{{Cite news |date=21 November 2019 |title=Nithyananda has fled India: Gujarat Police |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/nithyananda-has-fled-india/article61616198.ece |access-date=21 August 2022 |issn=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Ankit |date=21 August 2020 |title=Exclusive: Behind Nithyananda's Kailaasa empire, a hidden maze of companies and NGOs |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/exclusive-behind-nithyananda-kailaasa-empire-hidden-maze-of-companies-and-ngos-1713691-2020-08-21 |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> though some evidence suggests he had been promoting the idea for around 20 years.<ref name="Stieb 2023" /><br />
<br />
A number of mainstream news outlets, inside and outside India,<ref name="Stieb 2023">{{cite web |last=Stieb |first=Matt |date=23 March 2023 |title=How a Fake Hindu Nation Scammed Its Way Across America |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2023/03/how-a-fake-hindu-nation-scammed-newark.html |access-date=17 January 2024 |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |department="Intelligencer" department}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-hfb-diwali" /><ref name="Pundir 2023">{{cite web |last=Pundir |first=Pallavi |date=24 March 2023 |title=This Fake Country Is Run by a Guru Accused of Rape. How Did It End Up at the UN? |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/kailasa-fake-country-nithyananda-scam-crime/ |access-date=17 January 2024 |work=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=18 March 2023 |title=Story of Swami Nityananda: From founding fake country Kailasa to entering UN, here's how he conned 30 US cities |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/explainer/report-story-of-swami-nityananda-from-founding-fake-country-kailasa-to-entering-un-here-s-how-he-conned-30-us-cities-3030702 |access-date=17 January 2024 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |location=Noida, Uttar Pradesh}}</ref><ref name="Aitken 2023">{{cite news |last=Aitken |first=Peter |date=2 December 2023 |title=South American official fired after signing agreement with country made up by Indian 'holy' conman |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/south-american-official-fired-signing-agreement-country-indian-holy-conman-report |access-date=17 January 2024 |work=[[Fox News]]}}</ref><ref name="Gowda 2022">{{cite news |last=Gowda |first=Varsha |date=17 June 2022 |title=Rise and fall of a controversial Godman |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/rise-and-fall-of-a-controversial-godman-1119106.html |access-date=16 January 2023 |work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=7 December 2019 |title=Foreign ex-devotees raise the banner of revolt against godman Nithyananda |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/071219/foreign-ex-devotees-raise-the-banner-of-revolt-against-godman-nithyana.html |access-date=17 January 2024 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref name="Creitz 2023">{{cite news |last=Creitz |first=Charles |date=19 March 2023 |title=Politicians, cities forging ties with fake Hindu cult leader reveals pitfalls of 'inclusivity': Buck Sexton |url=https://www.foxnews.com/media/politicians-cities-forging-ties-fake-hindu-cult-leader-reveals-pitfalls-inclusivity-buck-sexton |access-date=17 January 2024 |work=[[Fox News]]}}</ref> and a [[TV documentary]] series on [[Discovery+]]<ref name="Singh 2022">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Suhani |date=9 June 2022 |title=How documentary series 'My Daughter Joined a Cult' shines a light on India's obsession with godmen |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/how-documentary-series-my-daughter-joined-a-cult-shines-a-light-on-india-s-obsession-with-godmen-1960472-2022-06-09 |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> have referred to the organisation as a [[cult]], its leader as a [[conman]],<ref name="Medeiros 2023">{{cite news |last=Medeiros |first=Dan |date=17 March 2023 |title=Fall River gave 'official proclamation' to Indian scammer guru who invented a fake country |url=https://www.heraldnews.com/story/news/local/2023/03/17/fall-river-recognized-fake-country-invented-by-indian-guru-scam-nithyananda/70018023007/ |access-date=17 January 2024 |work=[[The Herald News]] |location=Fall River, Massachusetts}}</ref><ref name="Pundir 2023" /><ref name="Outlook 2023">{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=17 March 2023 |title=Nithyananda's Fake Nation 'Kailasa' Duped 30 US Cities With 'Cultural' Agreements: Report |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/international/nithyananda-s-fake-nation-kailasa-duped-30-us-cities-with-cultural-agreements-report-news-270966 |access-date=16 January 2023 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]}}</ref> and his micronation of Kailaasa a [[scam]];<ref name="Stieb 2023" /><ref name="Outlook 2023" /> although his organization has denied any wrongdoing.<ref name="Outlook 2023" /><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Nithyananda was born Arunachalam Rajasekaran<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/all-you-want-to-know-about-nithyananda/article30047542.ece |title=All you want to know about Nithyananda |last=Raghunath |first=R. |date=22 November 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=22 November 2019 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="DH birth">{{cite web |title=Nithyananda may have forged birth documents |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=24 March 2018 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/59977/nithyananda-may-have-forged-birth.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104041121/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/59977/nithyananda-may-have-forged-birth.html |archive-date=4 January 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref> in [[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], to father Arunachalam and mother Lokanayaki. He belongs to the [[Saiva Vellala]] community.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="DH birth" /> Sources conflict as to his birth date – a 2003 [[United States]] visa gave a date of 13 March 1977, while a sworn affidavit in a 2010 [[Karnataka High Court]] case mentioned 1 January 1978.<ref name="DH birth" />[[File:Nithyananda_Biography.jpg|Nithyananda at various ages|thumb|450x450px]]<br />
<br />
He was first noticed at the age of three by Yogiraj Yogananda Puri.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/on-the-run-swami-nityananda-arrested-near-shimla-hill-station-72352-2010-04-21 |title=On the run, Swami Nityananda arrested near Shimla hill station |work=[[India Today]] |date=21 April 2010}}</ref> He claims to have had powerful spiritual experiences from age 12 and to have experienced full enlightenment at 22.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dale |first=Edward |date=2011 |title=Evolutionary Developmental Biology, the Human Life Course, and Transpersonal Experience |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43854311 |journal=The Journal of Mind and Behavior |volume=32 |issue=4 |page=280 |jstor=43854311 |issn=0271-0137}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2002 (age 24), he began his public life under the name Nithyananda.<ref name=":10">{{Cite magazine |title=The Unexpurgated Nithyananda Interview |magazine=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |location=New Delhi |url=https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/the-unexpurgated-nithyananda-interview/281409 |access-date=12 August 2021}}{{subscription required}}</ref> He says that this name was given to him by [[Mahavatar Babaji]] in a mystical experience during his monastic wandering days in the Himalayas.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last=Nithyananda |first=Paramahamsa |title=His Name is Nithyananda |publisher=Nithyananda Vedic Sciences University Press |date=2006 |isbn=978-1-934364-30-7 |edition=2nd |page=6}}</ref> In 2003, he started his ashram Dhyanapeetam in [[Bidadi]] near [[Bangalore|Bangalore, Karnataka]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title='I am a virgin. I have no libido' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/7-days/i-am-a-virgin-i-have-no-libido/cid/396940 |access-date=27 December 2020 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |location=West Bengal}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Nithyananda was formerly a chairman of Florida-based [[Hindu University of America]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hindu University in US expands its Vedic base |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2007/nov/20ia.htm |access-date=27 December 2020 |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> In 2012, Nithyananda was recognized as one of the "100 Most Spiritually Influential Living People" by ''[[Watkins Books|Watkins' Mind Body Spirit]]'' magazine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watkins' Spiritual 100 List for 2012 |url=https://www.watkinsmagazine.com/watkins-spiritual-100-list-2012 |access-date=16 July 2020 |work=Watkins Magazine |date=12 February 2012}}</ref> Also in April 2012, Nithyananda was appointed the 293rd [[Pontiff#Other religions|pontiff]] of [[Madurai Adheenam]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2012/04/27/nithyanandadeclared-293rd-pontiff-of-maduraiaadheenam.html |title=Nithyananda declared 293rd pontiff of Madurai Aadheenam &#124; Nithyananda Dhyanapeetam &#124; Bidadi |date=27 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/nithyananda-293rd-pontiff-of-madurai-aadheenam-469211.html |title=Nithyananda 293rd pontiff of Madurai Aadheenam |date=28 April 2012}}</ref>, however the senior pontiff removed him from this position few months later, without giving any explanation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-10-19 |title=Nithyananda removed from Madurai Adheenam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/nithyananda-removed-from-madurai-adheenam/article4013877.ece |access-date=2025-02-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In February 2013, the title of {{lang|hi-Latn|[[Mahamandaleshwar]]}} was conferred on Nithyananda in a closed ceremony by the [[Mahanirvani Akhara|Panchayati Mahanirvani Akhara]].<ref name="deccanherald.com">{{cite web |last=Pandey |first=Sanjay |date=13 February 2013 |title=Nithyananda feted at Mahakumbh |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/311948/nithyananda-conferred-mahamandaleshwar-title.html |access-date=14 December 2013 |work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=14 February 2013 |title=Nithyananda conferred 'Mahamandaleshwar' title |url=http://m.rediff.com/news/report/nithyananda-conferred-mahamandaleshwar-title/20130214.htm |access-date=9 October 2017 |publisher=Press Trust of India (PTI) |via=Rediff.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
Nithyananda Dhyanapeetam, a religious organisation founded by Nithyananda, hosts cultural events in United States as well as India.<ref name=":11" /><ref>{{Cite web |author=<!--"FPJ Bureau" staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=19 April 2016 |title=Mahaniravani akhara takes out grandest peshwai of all |url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/simhastha-kumbh-2016/mahaniravani-akhara-takes-out-grandest-peshwai-of-all/829254 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621065911/http://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/mahaniravani-akhara-takes-out-grandest-peshwai-of-all/829254 |archive-date=21 June 2018 |access-date=26 October 2017 |work=[[The Free Press Journal]] |quote=Followers of Swami Nithyananda from more than 25 countries including Russia, USA, China, Mexico, Germany, France and Spain were the crowd pullers}}</ref><ref name="sak">{{cite web |last=Tripathi |first=Ashish |date=17 March 2018 |title=Nithyananda moves SC against his removal as pontiff of Madurai Adheenam Mutt |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/665160/nithyananda-moves-sc-against-his.html |access-date=7 December 2019 |work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rohit |first=Parimal M. |title=Temples Come Together to Celebrate 'Kumbh Mela USA' |url=http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/temples-come-together-to-celebrate-kumbh-mela-usa/article_f825f150-7e76-11e5-89c7-f3d1500afdd7.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717041645/http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/temples-come-together-to-celebrate-kumbh-mela-usa/article_f825f150-7e76-11e5-89c7-f3d1500afdd7.html |archive-date=17 July 2018 |access-date=18 July 2018 |work=[[India West]] |location=San Leandro, California}}</ref> They hold two [[Guinness World Records]]: one for the largest rope yoga class,<ref>{{Cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2017 |title=Search: rope yoga |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/search/applicationrecordsearch?term=Rope+yoga |access-date=23 November 2017 |work=[[Guinness World Records|GuinnessWorldRecords]].com |publisher=[[Jim Pattison Group]] |quote=The largest rope yoga lesson is of 272 participants and was organized by H.H. Sri Nithyananda Swami (India) and Nithyananda University (USA) in Bengaluru, India, on 30 September 2017. Rope yoga involves completing postures on a rope suspended from the ceiling. It was performed by disciples of Swami Nithyananda at their ashram outside Bengaluru, India.}}</ref> and one for the largest pole yoga (''[[mallakhamba]]'') class.<ref>{{Cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2017 |title=Search: pole yoga |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/Account/Login?ReturnUrl=%2fsearch%2fapplicationrecordsearch%3fterm%3dpole%2byoga%26contentType%3drecord&term=pole+yoga&contentType=record |access-date=11 November 2017 |work=[[Guinness World Records|GuinnessWorldRecords]].com |publisher=Jim Pattison Group |quote=The largest mallakhamba lesson is of 263 participants and was achieved by H.H. Sri Nithyananda Swami (India) and Nithyananda University (USA) at Bengaluru, India, on 3 October 2017. Mallakhamba is a traditional Indian exercise form where yoga postures are done on a vertical wooden pole.}}</ref><ref name=":11" /><br />
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== Claims of paranormal abilities ==<br />
Nithyananda has made several [[pseudoscientific]] claims, including that he delayed the sunrise for 40 minutes, that he could make cattle speak in Tamil and Sanskrit, and that he could disprove the correctness of the [[Mass–energy equivalence|mass-energy equivalence]] formula ''E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc<sup>2</sup>''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swami Nithyananda: I can make cows speak in Tamil and Sanskrit |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/swami-nithyananda-says-can-make-cows-speak-tamil-1343545-2018-09-19 |access-date=3 November 2018 |work=[[India Today]]|date=19 September 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=From universe following him to cows speaking in Sanskrit, Swami Nithyananda has planned it all |work=[[OneIndia.com]] |url=https://www.oneindia.com/india/from-universe-following-him-to-cows-speaking-in-sanskrit-swami-nithyananda-has-planned-it-all-2779561.html |access-date=3 November 2018}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Vembu |first=Venky |title=Pseudo-science LOL: from Nithyananda to Sokal Squared |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/the-cheat-sheet/pseudo-science-lol-from-nithyananda-to-sokal-squared/article25182820.ece |access-date=20 August 2019 |work=@businessline |date=10 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Viegas |first=Vanessa |date=21 September 2018 |title=Nithyananda delivers a brain freeze |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/210918/nithyananda-delivers-a-brain-freeze.html |access-date=21 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Verma |first=Anurag |date=18 September 2018 |title='E ≠ mc^2': Controversial 'Godman' Tries to Explain How Albert Einstein Got His Science Wrong, Fails |work=[[News18]] |url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/controversial-godman-tries-to-explain-how-albert-einstein-got-his-science-wrong-fails-1880547.html |access-date=18 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Controversial seer Nithyanada says he stopped sunrise for 40 minutes in Bidadi |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/video/news/controversial-seer-nithyanada-says-he-stopped-sunrise-for-40-minutes-in-bidadi-pu4cbd |access-date=20 August 2019 |work=Newsable.AsianetNews.com |publisher=[[Asianet News Network]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cows Will Talk in Tamil, Sanskrit, Self-styled Godman's Bizarre Claim |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/cows-will-talk-in-tamil-sanskrit-claims-self-styled-godman-nityananda-heres-how-1919137 |access-date=20 August 2019 |work=NDTV.com}}</ref><br />
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He has claimed to have discovered over 400 {{lang|hi-Latn|[[siddhi]]s}}, or paranormal abilities, expressible by humans and alleges having [[Diksha|initiated]] his disciples into 60 such powers<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saxena |first=Lalit |date=2016 |title=नित्यानंद बोले ड्रग, डिप्रेशन और डेथ से बचाएगा डिवाइन पॉवर |language=hi |trans-title=Nityananda to Save from Drugs, Depression and Death with Divine Power |work=[[Rajasthan Patrika]] / Patrika Ujjain |url=https://www.patrika.com/news/ujjain/kumbha-mela-nityananda-smiled-the-whole-time-utterly-unaffected-by-the-controversial-image-1280376 |url-status=live |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613013020/https://www.patrika.com/ujjain-news/kumbha-mela-nityananda-smiled-the-whole-time-utterly-unaffected-by-the-controversial-image-1280376/ |archive-date=13 June 2018 |quote={{lang|hi|मनुष्य में कोई 400 प्रकार की अद्भुत शक्तियां हैं। ध्यान, सिद्ध अद्वैत योग का अभ्यास उन शक्तियों को जाग्रत कर सकता है। यह वैदिक विज्ञान है। इसमें किसी तरह का जादू नहीं है। अभी हम यहां शिविर में 60 प्रकार की ऊर्जा के विकसित स्वरूप के दर्शन कर सकते हैं, शेष 340 भी कर सकते हैं}} [There are about 400 types of amazing powers in humans. Meditation, practice of Siddha Advaita Yoga can awaken those powers. This is Vedic science. There is no magic in this. Right now we can see the developed form of 60 types of energy here in the camp, the remaining 340 can also be seen]}}</ref> including {{lang|hi-Latn|[[kundalini]]}} and [[Third eye|third-eye]] awakening.<ref>{{Cite news |title=नित्यानंद ने 70 लोगों को दी दीक्षा |language=hi |trans-title=Nithyananda initiated 70 people |work=[[Dainik Jagran]] |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi-city-14292578.html |access-date=7 April 2018 |quote={{lang|hi|कल्पतरु दर्शन शिविर में शनिवार को योगाभ्यास, सत्संग व कीर्तन के साथ 70 लोगों को स्वामी नित्यानंद ने गुरुमंत्र की दीक्षा दी। इस दौरान स्वामी नित्यानंद गुरुकुल के बटुकों द्वारा त्रिनेत्र शक्ति का प्रदर्शन किया गया।}} [During Kalpataru darshan on saturday along with yoga practise, satsang and devotional songs, 70 people were initiated into Gurumantra by Nithyananda. At the same time, children of Swami Nithyananda's gurukul school demonstrated third eye powers.]}}</ref><ref name="Dainik Jagran 1">{{Cite news |title=कल्पतरु दर्शन शिविर में त्रिनेत्र शक्ति का प्रदर्शन |language=hi |trans-title=Third Eye power demonstration during Kalpataru Darshan |work=[[Dainik Jagran]] |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi-city-14287063.html |access-date=7 April 2018 |quote={{lang|hi|नित्यानंद गुरुकुल के बच्चों द्वारा त्रिनेत्र शक्ति के तहत आखों पर पट्टी बाधकर पढ़ने और शरीर को स्कैन कर बीमारियों के बारे में बताते देख लोग आश्चर्यचकित रह गए}} [The children of the Nithyananda Gurukul with the power of the third eye read blindfolded and scanned the bodies of people and told about their diseases, experiencing this people were amazed.]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2016 |title=Nithyananda will do Kundalini Awakening and Third Eye Awakening <!--Someone please extract the actual Hindi title for the title parameter and put the English one in trans-title.--> |url=http://epaper.patrika.com/c/18528042 |access-date=6 October 2017 |publisher=Nithyananda Dhyanapeetam |via=[[Rajasthan Patrika]] / Patrika Ujjain |quote=Paramahamsa Nithyananda is believed to be accomplished in many extraordinary spiritual powers. Swami-ji is specialized in the science of kundalini awakening, and science of third eye awakening.}} {{self-published source |date=October 2017|reason=Self-published advert from Nithyananda's organisation. This is a permissible primary source for the claim that his followers believe this, but a secondary one would be better.}}</ref> He has since asserted he would open the [[third eye]], for anyone, free of charge by 2021, claiming that the person would be able to see through smog and walls.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=Swami Nithyananda will find you and open your third eye in 2021 |work=[[India Today]] |agency=IST |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/what-s-hot/story/nithyananda-threatens-enlighten-you-viral-video-1380064-2018-11-01 |access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref> Disciples of Nithyananda claim that he gave [[initiation]]s through "third eye" to a class of 82 blind children,<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 January 2019 |title=Swami Nithyananda assures No More Blinds! |work=Afternoon Voice |url=https://www.afternoonvoice.com/swami-nithyananda-assures-no-more-blinds.html |quote=According to the disciples of the self-styled Godman HDH Nithyananda Paramashivam on January 23, he initiated into powers of the third eye to 82 students afflicted by varying stages of blindness at a blind school in Vastrapur area of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, claiming there will be No More Blind kids! As per the Nithyananda Hindu University, “Bhagawan Sri Nithyananda Paramashivam” initiated powers of the third eye to the blind children enabling them to read print material with consistency and stability while recognising shapes, pictures, objects, and colours for the first time in their lives.}}</ref> thus curing them of blindness. Skeptic [[Narendra Nayak]] challenged Nithyananda to prove his claims.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nityananda's disciple 'curses' Narendra Nayak |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2017/dec/06/nityanandas-disciple-curses-narendra-nayak-1719545.html |access-date=21 August 2019 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=6 December 2017 }}</ref><br />
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Nithyananda has also claimed that he and his followers were able to perform activities like [[extrasensory perception]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 June 2015 |title=Girl, 9, reads, plays games blindfolded at Vedic Temple in Montclair |work=[[Inland Valley Daily Bulletin]] |url=http://www.dailybulletin.com/2015/06/08/girl-9-reads-plays-games-blindfolded-at-vedic-temple-in-montclair/ |access-date=6 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Nine-year-old 'Reads' Blindfolded at Business Advocacy Summit |work=India West |url=http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/nine-year-old-reads-blindfolded-at-business-advocacy-summit/article_853e7cc2-0ade-11e5-9456-3be434f43af4.html |access-date=6 October 2017 |archive-date=6 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006212604/http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/nine-year-old-reads-blindfolded-at-business-advocacy-summit/article_853e7cc2-0ade-11e5-9456-3be434f43af4.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Miracle or magic? Girl reads blind-folded |work=India Herald<!--Do not link to [[India Herald]]; not the same publication.--> |url=http://india-herald.com/miracle-or-magic-girl-reads-blindfolded-p4771-1.htm |access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref> [[Materialization (paranormal)|materialisation]], [[X-ray vision|body scanning]],<ref name="Dainik Jagran 1" /> increasing height,<ref>{{Cite web |title=अमिताभ शाह ने किया दावा- नित्यानंद के आशीर्वाद से तीन इंच बढ़ गई लंबाई |trans-title=Amitabha Shah claimed - by the blessings of Nithyananda 3 inch height increased |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/gujarat/ahmedabad/nithayananda-swami-followers-amitabh-shah-claims-that-he-gained-three-inch-height/articleshow/72270025.cms |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=[[Navbharat Times]] |language=hi}}</ref> and [[remote viewing]], and that they had the ability to find lost objects.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2018 |title=गुरु पुजा के बाद चला मुलाकात का दौर |trans-title=After Gurupuja there were meetings |url=http://epaper.jagran.com/ePaperArticle/03-apr-2018-edition-Gorakhpur-City-page_10-296-8475-56.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408010311/http://epaper.jagran.com/ePaperArticle/03-apr-2018-edition-Gorakhpur-City-page_10-296-8475-56.html |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=7 April 2018 |work=[[Dainik Jagran]] |quote={{lang|hi|बेंगलुरु के स्वामी नित्यानंद आश्रम में अलौकिक शिक्षा ग्रहण करने वाले छात्र नित्य तत्वानंद व प्रेमाश्वरूपानंद अपने गुरु भाई विद्वेश्वरानंद व आत्मपूजानंदम के साथ सोमवार को गोरखनाथ मंदिर में मुख्यमंत्री योगी आदित्यनाथ से मिलने पहुंचे}} [Nithya Tatvananda and Premeshavrupananda who received extraordinary knowledge in Swami Nithyananda ashram in Bengaluru, along with their guru brother Vidveshvarananda and Aatmapujananda went to Gorakhnaath temple this Monday to meet with the Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath.]}}</ref><br />
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Nithananda has also claimed to be a human [[avatar]] of the Hindu divinity [[Paramashiva]]<ref name="Gowda 2022"/> (the meaning of his epithet ''Nithyananda Paramashivam'').<br />
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== Controversies ==<br />
In 2010, ''[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]'' telecast video recordings that claimed to show Nithyananda and an actress [[Ranjitha]] (who was one of his followers) in a bedroom. The story became viral among news media in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PgxvPXMk9c8C |title=Global Media Ethics: Problems and Perspectives |last=Rao |first=Shakuntala |date=2013 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-35982-2 |editor-last=Ward |editor-first=Stephen J. A. |page=241 |chapter=Justice and Indian Journalism}}</ref> Nithyananda and Ranjitha claimed the video to be fabricated and accused Sun TV of extortion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sex-tape-footage-aired-by-sun-tv-doctored-nithyananda-461366 |title=Sex tape footage aired by Sun TV doctored: Nithyananda |work=NDTV.com |publisher=[[New Delhi Television]] |access-date=18 April 2019}}</ref> A forensic sciences laboratory in Bengaluru confirmed that the video appeared to be that of Nithyananda and Ranjitha.<ref name=":5">{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/gossip/story/swami-nithyananda-ranjitha-sex-video-confirm-1092127-2017-11-22 |title=Sex video and the Swami: Nithyananda and Ranjitha in 2010 tape, confirms forensic department |date=23 November 2017 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=18 April 2019}}</ref> Sun TV and other media channels since then were subject to various lawsuits.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reynolds |first=Matt |date=6 March 2013 |title=Big Trouble at the Ashram |url=https://www.courthousenews.com/big-trouble-at-the-ashram/ |access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nithyananda Peetam seeks action against Sun TV |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2011/jul/08/nithyananda-peetam-seeks-action-against-sun-tv-269442.html |access-date=27 December 2020 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=16 May 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |agency=PTI |date=12 July 2011 |title=Ranjitha files complaint; alleges pictures were morphed |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/ranjitha-files-complaint-alleges-pictures-were-morphed/article2221754.ece |access-date=27 December 2020 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Ranjitha filed a complaint with the High Court of Karnataka against news channels.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-karnataka-high-court-bans-airing-of-nithya-sex-tape-1514020 |title=Karnataka high court bans airing of 'Nithya sex tape' |date=March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://judgmenthck.kar.nic.in/judgments/bitstream/123456789/667821/2/WP8619-11-14-03-2012.pdf |title=Karnataka High Court write petition dated 14 March 2012 |access-date=26 December 2020 |archive-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818101150/http://judgmenthck.kar.nic.in/judgments/bitstream/123456789/667821/2/WP8619-11-14-03-2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Channels were ordered to apologize to Ranjitha for violating the complainant's privacy and dignity.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2013/sep/03/channel-ordered-to-apologise-to-ranjitha-512987.html |title=Channel ordered to apologise to Ranjitha |work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=3 September 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/355108/bccc-tells-channel-apologise-airing.html |title=BCCC tells channel to apologise for airing 'morphed' video |date=3 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/nithyananda-cites-us-experts-to-claim-videotape-is-fake/article2999685.ece |title=Nithyananda cites U.S. experts to claim videotape is fake |newspaper=The Hindu |date=16 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibfindia.com/sites/default/files/Star%20Vijay_%20Revised%20Order.pdf|title=In the matter of Complaint filed my Ms Ranitha}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Press Council of India, Index of Adjudications 2010–11 |url=https://www.presscouncil.nic.in/OldWebsite/AR_Link/Index_of_Adjudications_2010-11_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330080308/https://www.presscouncil.nic.in/OldWebsite/AR_Link/Index_of_Adjudications_2010-11_.pdf |archive-date=30 March 2022 |page=12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Press Council of India, Compendium of Adjudications 2011–2012 |url=https://www.presscouncil.nic.in/OldWebsite/COMPENDIUM_OF_ADJUDICATIONS_2011-2012.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331130724/https://www.presscouncil.nic.in/OldWebsite/COMPENDIUM_OF_ADJUDICATIONS_2011-2012.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2022 |pages=172–175}}</ref><br />
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In 2010, a United States citizen who was a disciple of Nithyananda accused him of raping her in the US and in India repeatedly over the course of five years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2018 |title=Rape case against Nithyananda: Trial finally begins after 8 years of legal hurdles |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/rape-case-against-nithyananda-trial-finally-begins-after-8-years-legal-hurdles-86233 |access-date=22 December 2020 |work=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> She filed a complaint with the police department of [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]], who did not commence any formal investigation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=24 January 2020 |title=Rape Victim Thought She Was 'Having Sex With God' — More on Nithyananda Rape Case |url=https://frankreport.com/2020/01/24/rape-victim-thought-she-was-having-sex-with-god/ |access-date=27 December 2020 |work=Frank Report |first=Frank |last=Parlato}}</ref> She also filed a complaint with the [[Karnataka Police]] in India. On 19 February 2018, the Third Additional District and Sessions Court in [[Ramanagara district|Ramanagara]] ordered the framing of charges against Nithyananda and five others in relation to the case. Criminal revision petitions by the accused were dismissed in the [[Karnataka High Court]] on 16 May 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2018 |title=K'taka HC refuses to entertain pleas by Nithyananda, charges to be framed in rape case |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/k-taka-hc-refuses-entertain-pleas-nithyananda-charges-be-framed-rape-case-81627 |access-date=22 December 2020 |work=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> An appeal against the High Court decision in the [[Supreme Court of India]], in which all of the accused pleaded not guilty (except for one who was absent from court), was dismissed on 1 June 2018, following which charges were framed in the Ramanagara court on 4 June.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/karnataka-trial-court-frames-charges-against-nithyananda-rape-case-82595 |title=Karnataka trial court frames charges against Nithyananda in rape case. |date=6 June 2018 |publisher=The News Minute}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/setback-for-nithyananda-as-sc-dismisses-discharge-petition-plea-1248005-2018-06-01 |title=Setback for Nithyananda as SC dismisses discharge petition plea |date=1 June 2018 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> However, since 2019 Nithyananda is also wanted for [[Fraud|financial crime]] related investigations in France.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pandey |first=Munish Chandra |date=5 December 2019 |title=Now, French govt launches fraud investigation against rape-accused Nithyananda |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/now-french-govt-launches-fraud-investigation-against-rape-accused-nithyananda-1625623-2019-12-05 |access-date=17 January 2024 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> By January 2020, [[Interpol]] had issued a [[Interpol notice|blue notice]] in his name, seeking to determine his location.<ref name="NDTV" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Interpol issues blue notice to locate Nithyananda, wanted in rape, abduction case, may be hiding in Caribbean |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/interpol-issues-blue-notice-to-locate-nithyananda-wanted-in-rape-abduction-case-may-be-hiding-in-caribbean |access-date=3 March 2026 |work=National Herald |date=22 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Interpol issues Blue Corner Notice against Nithyananda |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/interpol-issues-blue-corner-notice-against-nithyananda/article61667246.ece |access-date=3 March 2026 |work=The Hindu |date=22 January 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref> In August 2022, the Third Additional District and Sessions Court in Ramanagara issued a non-bailable warrant against Nithyananda following multiple orders to appear in court.<ref name="indianexpress-nonbail" /><br />
<br />
In 2019, a couple from Tamil Nadu approached the [[Gujarat High Court|High Court of Gujarat]] claiming that three of their four children were taken to Nithyananda's ashram in Ahmedabad from Bangalore without their knowledge; the couple sought return of their children to their custody. A [[first information report]] (FIR) for alleged abduction was filed by the [[Gujarat Police]] in relation to the case on 17 November 2019.<ref name="timesnownews">{{Cite web |title=Rape case: Karnataka HC cancels Nithyananda's bail; Interpol red-corner notice might be next |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/article/rape-case-karnataka-high-court-cancels-bail-to-absconding-nithyananda/549810 |access-date=22 December 2020 |work=[[Times Now]]|date=5 February 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title=Nithyananda and his many controversies |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/india-news/nithyananda-swami-controversies-cases-6131718/ |access-date=22 December 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref name="NDTV">{{Cite web |title=Interpol Notice Against Nithyananda, Wanted In Rape, Abduction Cases |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/interpol-blue-corner-notice-against-self-styled-godman-nithyananda-accused-of-rape-and-abduction-on-2167968 |access-date=22 December 2020 |work=NDTV.com |publisher=[[New Delhi Television]]}}</ref> In affidavits filed in the Gujarat High Court from various locations in [[Americas|the Americas]], two of the missing children, who were by that time adults, rejected their father's claim that they have been detained forcibly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2020 |title=Nithyananda ashram case: Two 'missing' women file affidavit from 4th country |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/nithyananda-ashram-case-two-missing-women-file-affidavit-from-4th-country-6220352/ |access-date=31 December 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> In a joint live video statement, the two girls further claimed that their father had plotted the abduction controversy after his name cropped up in an embezzlement case.<ref name="times-girls-video-affidavit">{{Cite web |date=23 November 2019 |title=Nithayananda ashram: Missing sisters may be in Trinidad & Tobago |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/missing-sisters-uploaded-another-video-from-trinidad-and-tobago-say-cops/articleshow/72191603.cms |access-date=24 April 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=January 2024|reason=''The Times of India'' is listed at [[WP:RSNP]] as "considered to have a reliability between no consensus and generally unreliable. It ... is known to accept payments from persons and entities in exchange for positive coverage." Nithyanada's organization can certainly afford to buy that coverage.}} On 2 February 2024, the High Court of Gujrat dismissed the [[habeas corpus]] filed by the daughter's father. The court reached this conclusion after interviewing the daughters via video conference. The court noted that the daughters are adults and mature and are consciously residing at a place ([[Jamaica]]) and following a spiritual path.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Bhavya |date=2024-02-02 |title='Consciously Decided To Follow Spiritual Path': Gujarat HC Dismisses Plea By Father Against Swami Nithyananda For Alleged Unlawful Confinement Of Daughters |url=https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/gujarat-high-court/spiritual-roads-are-always-lengthy-gujarat-high-court-dismisses-plea-after-4-years-filed-by-a-man-against-self-styled-godman-swami-nithyananda-for-confining-daughters-248359 |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-03 |title=Nithyananda Ashram case: Gujarat HC dismisses father's plea, rules daughters not in illegal confinement |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/nithyananda-ashram-case-gujarat-hc-dismisses-father-plea-daughters-not-illegal-confinement-9142446/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Nithyananda was the subject of the 2022 [[Discovery+]] [[Television documentary|docu-series]] ''My Daughter Joined a Cult'', streamed internationally.<ref name="Singh 2022" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2022 |title=Discovery+ announces new original ''My Daughter Joined a Cult'' |work=Advanced-Television.com |url=https://advanced-television.com/2022/06/01/discovery-announces-new-original-my-daughter-joined-a-cult/ |access-date=21 August 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Flight from India ==<br />
On 20 November 2019, the [[Gujarat Police]] issued a statement that Nithyananda fled India after choosing not to appear at several court hearings.<ref name="The Hindu 2019-11-21" /> Some senior police officials did not discount the possibility that he was still in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Nithyananditha landed up in Nepal |url=https://ahmedabadmirror.com/how-nithyananditha-landed-up-in-nepal/72448170.html |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=[[Ahmedabad Mirror]] |quote=While the police are now in a limbo regarding his whereabouts, a senior official confided, 'You never know, he could still be in India.'}}</ref> Nithyananda wrote to the [[United Nations]] in 2021, claiming [[persecution]] and seeking recognition of his new "Hindu nation" Kailaasa.<ref name="hindu-nithyananda-un">{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Vasanth |title=Nithyananda and the call from Kailaasa |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/nithyananda-and-the-call-from-kailaasa/article30206572.ece |access-date=24 April 2021 |work=[[Business Line]] |date=6 December 2019}}</ref> He also claimed attempts at mob lynching and assassination as reasons he was forced to withdraw himself from Indian society.<ref name="newstracklive-money-to-india">{{Cite web |date=21 December 2020 |title=Nityananda played patriotic card, says after death all my money will go to India |url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/nityanand-video-says-after-his-death-all-his-money-will-come-to-india-mc23-nu764-ta321-1136006-1.html |access-date=25 December 2020 |work=News Track}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday-assassinations-attempts-2020-12-21">{{Cite news |title=Rape accused Nithyananda cites assassination threats for not coming back to India |work=[[India Today]] |date=21 December 2020 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nithyananda-cites-assassination-threats-india-1751531-2020-12-21}}</ref><ref name="jagga-reddys-poser-to-police-can-cops-kill-swami-nithyananda-in-encounter">{{Cite news |title=Jagga Reddy's Poser to Police: Can cops kill Swami Nithyananda in encounter? |date=8 December 2019 |work=[[The Hans India]] |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/jagga-reddys-poser-to-police-can-cops-kill-swami-nithyananda-in-encounter-588076}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Gujarat Police suspected that he could be shuffling between [[Ecuador]] and [[Trinidad and Tobago]], while news reports said that he may have gone to Ecuador because the country does not have an [[extradition]] treaty with India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/where-is-nithyananda-now-what-is-kailaasa_in_5de772afe4b00149f7382eeb |title=Where Is Nithyananda Now? And What Is Kailaasa? |date=4 December 2019 |work=[[HuffPost]] India |access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref> The same month, the Embassy of Ecuador said that it "categorically denies the statement wherever published that Nithyananda was given asylum by Ecuador or has been helped by the Government of Ecuador in purchasing any land or island in South America", but has confirmed Nithyananda had reached Ecuador after he left India, then left soon after his request for international personal protection (refuge) was denied.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ecuador Says It Denied Nithyananda Asylum; MEA Says He Left India Without Passport |url=https://thewire.in/diplomacy/ecuador-nithyananda-asylum-denied-mea-passport |access-date=7 December 2019 |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |location=New Delhi |publisher=Foundation for Independent Journalism}}</ref><br />
<br />
The French government also launched a fraud investigation into Nithyananda, after a French national claimed that Nithyananda cheated him out of US$400,000.<!--The source does not give the amount in francs or rupees, only USD.--><ref name="Pandey 2019" /><ref>{{cite news |title=French Govt Initiates Probe Against Rape-accused Nithyananda For Alleged Fraud Worth $400,000 |url=https://www.india.com/news/world/french-govt-initiates-probe-against-rape-accused-nithyananda-for-alleged-fraud-worth-400000-3868655/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |work=India.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Kailaasa nation ==<br />
{{Main article|Kailaasa}}<br />
In December 2019, Nithyananda claimed that he had created a new "Hindu nation" [[microstate]] called [[Kailaasa]] (also known as Shrikailasa, Kailasa, and United States of Kailaasa<ref name="AP 2023"/> or USK<ref name="Sebastian 2023">{{cite news |last=Sebastian |first=Meryl |title=Nithyananda's Kailasa: UN to ignore remarks of fugitive India guru's fictional country |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-64807659 |access-date=17 January 2024}}</ref>) and claimed to issue passports, currency, and other documents.<ref name="Kailaasa_IndiaToday">{{Cite web |date=3 December 2019 |first=Nolan |last=Pinto |title=Rape-accused Nithyananda buys island, sets up own nation Kailaasa near Ecuador |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/where-is-rape-accused-self-styled-godman-nithyananda-the-answer-lies-in-a-new-nation-1624879-2019-12-03 |access-date=29 December 2020 |work=[[India Today]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321163709/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/where-is-rape-accused-self-styled-godman-nithyananda-the-answer-lies-in-a-new-nation-1624879-2019-12-03 |archive-date=21 March 2023}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Fugitive rape-accused Nithyananda declares his own Hindu island nation 'Kailaasa' near Ecuador |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/world/rape-accused-nithyananda-declares-hindu-nation-kailaasa-ecuador/story/391472.html |access-date=4 December 2019 |work=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |location=Noida, India |date=4 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nithyananda buys island, forms own 'nation' called 'Kailaasa' |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/12/03/nithyananda-buys-island-forms-own-nation-called-kailasa.html |access-date=28 December 2020 |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |location=Kochi, India}}</ref><ref name="srilanka-request-indiatoday">{{Cite web |date=2 September 2022 |title=Life in danger: Rape-accused Nithyananda seeks medical asylum in Sri Lanka |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rape-accused-nithyananda-seeks-medical-asylum-in-sri-lanka-1995805-2022-09-02 |access-date=3 September 2022 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Nithyananda claims that Kailaasa is the world's only [[Sovereignty|sovereign]] Hindu nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2020 |first=Himanshu |last=Mishra |title=Rape accused Nithyananda cites assassination threats for not coming back to India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nithyananda-cites-assassination-threats-india-1751531-2020-12-21 |access-date=27 December 2020 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Kailaasa has also been described as a network of [[non-governmental organization|non-governmental organisation]]s spanning three continents.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2020 |first=Ankit |last=Kumar |title=Exclusive: Behind Nithyananda's Kailaasa empire, a hidden maze of companies and NGOs |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/exclusive-behind-nithyananda-kailaasa-empire-hidden-maze-of-companies-and-ngos-1713691-2020-08-21 |access-date=27 December 2020 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nithyananda says 29 people applied to live in Kailasa, launches 'E-embassy' plan |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/12/23/nithyananda-says-29-people-applied-to-live-in-kailasa-launches-e-embassy-plan.html |access-date=24 April 2021 |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |location=Kochi, India}}</ref> The general consensus among the mainstream press is that Kailaasa is a fictional "fake country" and even a scam or con.<ref name="AP 2023" /><ref name="Sebastian 2023" /><ref name="Outlook 2023" /><ref name="Medeiros 2023" /><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Nithyananda's 'fake country' Kailasa cons 30 US cities with 'sister-city' scam: Report |date=18 March 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/swami-nithyanandas-fake-country-kailasa-cons-30-us-cities-with-sister-city-scam-report-8503924/ |access-date=17 January 2024}}</ref><ref name="Aitken 2023" /><ref name="Creitz 2023" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Sanchari |title=How Swami Nithyananda's 'fake country' Kailasa fooled 30 US cities with 'Sister City' scam? Explained |date=17 March 2023 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |location=Bangalore |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/how-swami-nithyananda-s-fake-country-kailasa-fooled-30-us-cities-with-sister-city-scam-explained-11679042510469.html |access-date=17 January 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Publications==<br />
{{Refbegin}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Nithyananda |first=Paramahamsa |title=Open the door... let the breeze in! |date=2004 |publisher=Life Bliss Foundation |isbn=978-8190243711}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Nithyananda |first=Paramahamsa |title=Meditation is for You: An Introduction to the Science and Art of Meditation |date=2004 |publisher=Life Bliss Foundation |isbn=978-8190243742}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Nithyananda |first=Paramahamsa |title=Guaranteed Solutions for Lust, Fear, Worry ... |date=2008 |publisher=Life Bliss Foundation |isbn=978-1606070314}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Nithyananda |first=Paramahamsa |title=Living Enlightenment |date=2008 |publisher=Life Bliss Foundation |isbn=978-1606070482}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Nithyananda |first=Paramahamsa |title=Arunachala! The Giver of Nithyananda |date=2009 |publisher=Nithyananda Yoga & Meditation University |isbn=978-1606070581}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Nithyananda |first=Paramahamsa |title=Bhagavad Gita Demystified |date=2011 |publisher=Nithyananda University |isbn=978-1606071328}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Nithyananda |first=Paramahamsa |title=Guaranteed Solutions: Spirituality, Meditation & Self-Help |date=2011 |publisher=Life Bliss Foundation |isbn=9781606070314}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Nithyananda |first=Paramahamsa |title=Nithyananda Yoga: Evolution of the New Species |date=2017 |publisher=Nithyananda University Press |isbn=978-1-60607-194-6}}<br />
<br />
{{Refend}}<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*{{Official website}}<br />
<br />
{{Sister bar|wikt=no|v=no|voy=no|n=no|b=no|author=no|c=yes|s=no|q=yes}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Nithyananda}}<br />
[[Category:1978 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Hindu religious leaders]]<br />
[[Category:Advaitin philosophers]]<br />
[[Category:New religious movements in India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Hindu religious leaders]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]<br />
[[Category:Indian spiritual teachers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian spiritual writers]]<br />
[[Category:People from Tiruvannamalai district]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Varun_Sood_(actor)&diff=543703Varun Sood (actor)2026-03-24T07:44:34Z<p>JerryGuerrero: Post</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actor}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Varun Sood<br />
| image = Varun Sood snapped promoting Karmma Calling (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Sood in 2024<br />
| birth_date = <br />
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], India<br />
| nationality = <!-- Should only be used if nationality cannot be inferred from the birthplace per [[WP:INFONAT]]. --><br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor}}<br />
| years_active = 2015–present<br />
| known_for = ''[[MTV Roadies season 12|MTV Roadies]]'' <br> ''[[MTV Splitsvilla season 9|MTV Splitsvilla]]'' <br> ''[[Ace of Space 1|Ace of Space]]'' <br> ''[[Karmma Calling]]'' <br> ''[[Call Me Bae]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Varun Sood''' is an Indian actor, model and former VJ. He is known for participating in reality shows like ''[[MTV Roadies season 12|MTV Roadies]]'', ''[[MTV Splitsvilla season 9|MTV Splitsvilla]]'', ''[[Ace of Space 1|Ace of Space]]'' and ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 11|Khatron Ke Khiladi]]''. He made his acting debut with ''[[Ragini MMS: Returns]]'', and is also recognized for his roles in ''[[Karmma Calling]]'' and ''[[Call Me Bae]]''.<br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Sood was born in [[Calcutta]] (now [[Kolkata]]), [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-01 |title=Ananya Panday wishes Varun Sood on his birthday with sweet post, calls him 'funny guy' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/ananya-panday-wishes-varun-sood-on-his-birthday-with-sweet-post-calls-him-funny-guy-2354362-2023-04-01 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He grew up in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-10-15 |title=Varun Sood: I love coming to Delhi, there's a chill vibe here |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/varun-sood-i-love-coming-to-delhi-theres-a-chill-vibe-here/articleshow/71578391.cms |access-date=2024-05-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> His grandfather and father served in the Indian Army, and Varun had initially planned to follow in their footsteps.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-05-27 |title=Varun Sood: I wanted to join the Army, but life had different plans |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/varun-sood-i-wanted-to-join-the-army-but-life-had-different-plans/articleshow/83003760.cms |access-date=2024-05-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He completed his primary school education at Army Public School.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2016 |title=Varun the teen throb |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/varun-the-teen-throb/cid/1442944 |access-date=4 May 2024 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref> During his school and college days, he played basketball and shot put, even competing at the national level.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCq_SPSbT3k |title=The Audition That Started Varun's Roadies Journey - MTV India |language=en |access-date=2024-05-05 |via=}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
In 2017, Sood was dating Benafsha Soonawalla but they broke up soon after Soonawalla's participation in ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 11)|Bigg Boss 11]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-06 |title=[EXCLUSIVE] Varun Sood on being accused by ex-girlfriend Benafsha Soonawalla: We have not spoken in a year |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/article/exclusive-varun-sood-on-being-accused-by-ex-girlfriend-benafsha-soonawalla-we-have-not-spoken-in-a-year/662802 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=www.timesnownews.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2018, he started dating [[Divya Agarwal]]. They worked together on ''[[MTV Roadies: Revolution|MTV Roadies]]'', ''[[MTV Ace of Space]]'' and ''[[Ragini MMS: Returns]]''. After four years of relationship, they split in March 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-18 |title=Years after break-up with Divya Agarwal, Varun Sood says 'moving on' is difficult, admits he is 'naive': 'I believe people easily..' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/years-after-break-up-with-divya-agarwal-varun-sood-says-moving-on-is-difficult-admits-he-is-naive-i-believe-people-easily-9115105/ |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Varun started his career as a fitness trainer, and then went on to become an [[MTV VJ]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-08 |title=Varun Sood: 'It's A Lot More...' {{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/varun-sood-on-raveena-tandons-karmma-calling-edited-roadies-audition-its-a-lot-more-exclusive-8771240.html |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sood then started participating in reality shows. He has taken part in multiple reality shows so far, including ''[[MTV Roadies season 12]]'', ''[[MTV Splitsvilla season 9]]'', ''[[Ace of Space 1]]'', ''[[MTV Roadies: Real Heroes]]'', ''[[MTV Roadies season 17]]'' and ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 11]]''.<br />
<br />
In 2019, he made his acting debut with [[ALTBalaji]]'s ''[[Ragini MMS: Returns]]'' as Rahul opposite [[Divya Agarwal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-14 |title=Sunny Leone, Divya Agarwal, Varun Sood feature in ALTBalaji and ZEE5's Ragini MMS Returns 2 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/watch-sunny-leone-divya-agarwal-varun-sood-feature-in-altbalaji-and-zee5s-ragini-mms-returns-2-trailer-7781481.html |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> In 2022, he made a special appearance in [[Karan Johar]]'s ''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]'' as Gaurav opposite [[Prajakta Koli]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-17 |title=Varun Sood: 'As an outsider, we look for opportunities as they don't come by very quickly for us' |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/exclusive-varun-sood-as-an-outsider-we-look-for-opportunities-as-they-dont-come-by-very-quickly-for-us-23335598 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> In 2023, he was seen as Jacob in season 2 of ''[[Potluck (Indian web series)|Potluck]]'' on [[SonyLIV]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Potluck 2: Another Healthy Dose Of A Funny And Relatable Family Drama |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/-potluck-2-on-sony-liv-review-another-healthy-dose-of-a-funny-and-relatable-family-drama-movie_reviews-266795 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2024, he starred as Ahaan Kothari in [[Disney+ Hotstar]]'s ''[[Karmma Calling]]'' alongside [[Raveena Tandon]] and Namrata Sheth.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 20, 2024 |title=Varun Sood: I have never looked at celebs for fitness inspiration |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/varun-sood-i-have-never-looked-at-celebs-for-fitness-inspiration-101713560980018.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425190614/https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/varun-sood-i-have-never-looked-at-celebs-for-fitness-inspiration-101713560980018.html |archive-date=April 25, 2024 |access-date=April 29, 2024 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Later that year, he appeared in [[Amazon Prime Video]]'s ''Naam Namak Nishan'' opposite [[Helly Shah]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-29 |title=Varun Sood sheds light on his 'Naam Namak Nishan' character |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/varun-sood-talks-about-his-character-in-naam-namak-nishan/articleshow/112896926.cms |access-date=2024-09-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and in ''[[Call Me Bae]]'' alongside [[Ananya Panday]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-16 |title=Varun Sood to romance Ananya Panday in Call me Bae |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/varun-sood-to-romance-ananya-panday-in-call-me-bae-neelam-kothari-says-no-to-be-her-mommy-101671169342946.html |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> He also hosted ''[[Reality Ranis Of The Jungle]]'' on [[Discovery Channel (Indian TV channel)|Discovery Channel]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-05 |title=Pavitra Punia-Varun Sood's Reality Ranis Of The Jungle FIRST Poster Out: Know Everything About It |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/pavitra-punia-varun-soods-reality-ranis-of-the-jungle-first-poster-out-know-everything-about-it-article-113080117 |access-date=2024-09-12 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
<br />
=== Films ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Title<br />
!Role<br />
!Notes<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]''<br />
|Gaurav Kapoor<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-11-15 |title=Varun Sood to make a special appearance in Karan Johar's Jug Jugg Jeeyo |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/varun-sood-make-special-appearance-karan-johars-jug-jugg-jeeyo-shares-picture-prajakta-koli/ |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Title<br />
!Role<br />
!Notes<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|''[[MTV Roadies season 12]]''<br />
|Contestant<br />
|7th place<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=No more reality shows for Roadies and Spilitsvilla fame Varun Sood: 'that's how I've planned it out' |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/exclusive-no-more-reality-shows-for-roadies-and-spilitsvilla-fame-varun-sood-that-how-i-have-planned-it-out-23334788 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2016<br />
|''[[MTV Splitsvilla season 9]]''<br />
|Contestant<br />
|1st runner-up<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016-10-20 |title=Splitsvilla 9 contestant Varun Sood interview |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/interview-splitsvilla-9-contestant-varun-sood-says-he-willing-be-part-bigg-boss-700435 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=www.ibtimes.co.in |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[MTV Campus Diaries|MTV Campus Diaries season 4]]''<br />
|Host<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title='Bollywood is my ultimate goal' |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/bollywood-my-ultimate-goal-2093324 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[NBA Slam]]''<br />
|Himself<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2016 |title=NBA Slam Is Here! Face-off between Rannvijay Singh Singha and Varun Sood |url=http://india.nba.com/news/nba-slam-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927004607/http://india.nba.com/news/nba-slam-2/ |archive-date=27 September 2016 |accessdate=5 May 2024}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
|''[[MTV Big F|MTV Big F season 2]]''<br />
|Daljeet<br />
|Episode 2<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-03-18 |title=Varun Sood learns a new sport for MTV Big F Season 2 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/varun-sood-learns-a-new-sport-for-mtv-big-f-season-2/articleshow/57704538.cms |access-date=2024-05-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2018<br />
|''[[UCypher]]''<br />
|Host<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2018 |title=Varun Sood, Ayesha Adlakha to host eSports league UCypher |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/varun-sood-ayesha-adlakha-to-host-esports-league-ucypher-118010600628_1.html |access-date=8 May 2024 |website=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''Box Cricket League season 3''<br />
|Himself<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=MTV Box Cricket League Season 3 Episode 11 |url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/mtv-box-cricket-league/3/chandigarh-punjab-clash/3197945 |access-date=2024-05-08 |website= |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Ace of Space 1]]''<br />
|Contestant<br />
|2nd runner-up<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2018 |title=Varun Sood joins 'MTV Ace of Space' |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/varun-sood-joins-mtv-ace-of-space-118101800365_1.html |access-date=4 May 2024 |website=Business Standard}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|''[[MTV Roadies: Real Heroes]]''<br />
|Roadies Insider<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Roadies, Inside Out With Varun-Divya |url=https://www.jiocinema.com/videos/roadies-inside-out-with-varun-divya/3388632 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Jio Cinema |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|''[[MTV Ace the Quarantine|Ace the Quarantine]]''<br />
|Host<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-03 |title=This unlock, 'Ace the Quarantine' with Varun Sood and Divya Agarwal |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/this-unlock-ace-the-quarantine-varun-sood-divya-agarwal-mtv-know-how-631311 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2020–2021<br />
|''[[MTV Roadies season 17]]''<br />
|Leader<br />
|2nd runner-up<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-01-19 |title=Roadies Revolution's Varun Sood on reaching finale |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-roadies-revolutions-varun-sood-on-reaching-finale-my-girlfriend-divya-was-back-home-backing-me-up-and-i-knew-ive-her-constant-support/articleshow/80340619.cms |access-date=2024-05-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2021<br />
|''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 11]]''<br />
|Contestant<br />
|4th place<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-05-21 |title=Varun Sood on doing Khatron Ke Khiladi 11 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-varun-sood-on-doing-khatron-ke-khiladi-11-rannvijay-singha-trained-me-intensely-for-7-days-and-my-gf-divya-agarwal-helped-me-with-my-diet/photostory/82824786.cms |access-date=2024-05-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Bigg Boss OTT (Hindi TV series) season 1|Bigg Boss OTT season 1]]''<br />
|Himself<br />
|Guest<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-13 |title=Divya Agarwal gets emotional seeing Varun Sood in BB OTT house |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/divya-agarwal-gets-emotional-seeing-varun-sood-in-bb-ott-house-1852309-2021-09-13 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2024 – 2025<br />
|''[[Reality Ranis Of The Jungle]]''<br />
|Host<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-04 |title=Reality Ranis Of The Jungle: Varun Sood to create storm in jungle; Everything about the new show |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/reality-ranis-of-the-jungle-pavitra-punia-varun-sood-to-create-storm-in-jungle-everything-about-their-new-show-1345785 |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Web series ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Title<br />
!Role<br />
!Notes<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|''[[Ragini MMS: Returns]]''<br />
|Rahul<br />
|Season 2<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-11 |title=Varun Sood-Divya Agarwal put screen on fire in Ragini MMS Returns Season 2 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/varun-sood-divya-agarwal-put-screen-on-fire-in-ragini-mms-returns-season-2-teaser-2136891.html |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|''[[Potluck (Indian web series)|Potluck]]''<br />
|Jacob<br />
|Season 2<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-11 |title=Varun Sood To Join Cyrus Sahukar, Shikha Talsania In 'Potluck 2' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/varun-sood-to-join-cyrus-sahukar-shikha-talsania-in-potluck-2--news-261340 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2024<br />
|''[[Karmma Calling]]''<br />
|Ahaan Kothari<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-01-25 |title=Raveena Tandon reveals Varun Sood was a prankster on 'Karmma Calling' sets |url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2024/01/25/raveena-tandon-reveals-varun-sood-was-a-prankster-on-karmma-calling-sets/ |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=The Shillong Times |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''Naam Namak Nishan''<br />
|Yuvraj Singh Chauhan<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-08-05 |title=Varun Sood on Naam Namak Nishan: "Went back to being the 19-year-old Varun who was getting ready to join the army" |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-varun-sood-naam-namak-nishan-went-back-19-year-old-varun-getting-ready-join-army/ |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|''[[Call Me Bae]]''<br />
|Prince Bhasin<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=December 16, 2022 |title=Varun Sood bags dream project with Ananya Panday in the lead |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/entertainment/movie/varun-sood-bags-dream-project-with-ananya-panday-in-the-lead/na20221216115000857857418 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429034123/https://www.etvbharat.com/english/entertainment/movie/varun-sood-bags-dream-project-with-ananya-panday-in-the-lead/na20221216115000857857418 |archive-date=April 29, 2024 |access-date=April 29, 2024 |website=ETV Bharat News}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
=== Music videos ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Title<br />
!Singer<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|''Naam Ada Likhna''<br />
|Madhubanti Bagchi, Shreyas Puranik<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='नाम अदा लिखना' गाने में देखें वरुण और दिव्या की केमिस्ट्री |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/news-from-bollywood/varun-sood-and-divya-agarwal-fall-in-love-in-song-naam-ada-likhna/articleshow/70192040.cms |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|''Pyaar Ho Gaya''<br />
|Paras Chopra<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pyaar Ho Gaya sung by Paras Chopra starring Varun Sood and Isha Sharma |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/check-out-latest-punjabi-song-official-music-video-pyaar-ho-gaya-sung-by-paras-chopra/videoshow/89469647.cms |access-date=2024-05-04 |website= [[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Award<br />
!Category<br />
!Work<br />
!Result<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|[[Filmfare OTT Awards]]<br />
|Best Supporting Actor in a Series (Male): Drama<br />
|''[[Karmma Calling]]''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmfare OTT Awards 2024 Nominations |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2024/vote#156 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=Filmfare}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Varun Sood}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|9031057}}<br />
* {{Instagram|varunsood12}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sood, Varun}}<br />
<!-- Categories --><br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male models]]<br />
[[Category:Indian video jockeys]]<br />
[[Category:MTV Roadies contestants]]<br />
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:1995 births]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brij_Singh&diff=492376Brij Singh2026-03-23T19:37:25Z<p>JerryGuerrero: put up bio</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian banker and businessman (born 1963)}}<br />
{{Resume-like|date=December 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Brij Raj Singh<br />
| image = Brij Singh .jpg<br />
| caption = <small>Founder and [[CEO]] of Baer Capital Partners</small><br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1963|11|17}}<br />
| birth_place = India<br />
| occupation = [[CEO]] and Founder, Baer Capital Partners<br />
| spouse = Piyali<br />
| children = 2<br />
| signature =<br />
| footnotes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Brij Raj Singh''' is an Indian banker and businessman.<br />
<br />
== Personal life and education ==<br />
Brij Raj Singh was born and raised in India. He attended [[Mayo College]] in [[Ajmer]], and later was educated at [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]] University and the Amos [[Tuck School of Business]] at [[Dartmouth College]]. He attended the six-week Advanced Management Program at [[Harvard Business School]].<br />
<br />
== Business career ==<br />
Brij Raj Singh has over 20 years of experience working in the financial services industry. He is currently the founding chief executive officer at Baer Capital Partners Ltd.<br />
He was the chief executive officer and managing director of [[Julius Baer]] Middle East. Julius Baer was granted the first bank license at the [[Dubai International Financial Centre]] (DIFC) by [[Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]]. Brij also led Julius Baer to being recognized as the "Best Private Bank" in the region by Banker Middle East.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}<br />
<br />
He was previously a managing director at [[Merrill Lynch]].<br />
<br />
Brij had also been the Chairman of the Young Presidents’ Organization (YPO) in the Emirates besides being actively involved with numerous other organizations.<br />
<br />
== Author ==<br />
Brij Singh regularly writes articles on strategy and leadership development and is the author of "India Chalo" (2008), "Wisdom Beyond Borders" (2006), both published by [[HarperCollins]], and "Building Successful Organizations – A Directional Approach" (1996).<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110718122024/http://hpb.online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704107104574569381720394634.html U.A.E. Leaders Try to Ease Concerns Over Dubai.]<br />
* [https://www.cnbc.com/id/15840232?play=1&video=777353732 CNBC Interview with Brij Raj Singh.]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100708102554/http://mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu/indiaforum/panels.asp Brij Raj Singh at the Tuck India Conference.]<br />
* [http://www.arabianbusiness.com/index.php?option=com_pressreleases&view=detail&pr_id=11632&Itemid=77&ln=en Dubai’s best kept secret revealed - Arabianbbusiness.com]<br />
* [http://www.zawya.com/radio/default.cfm/sidDE080204071336953459 Radio interview on Dubai Eye with Brij R. Singh]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Wikiquote}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.baercapital.com|Baer Capital Dubai official website}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.indiachalo.com|India Chalo official website}}<br />
* [http://www.vccircle.com/500/news/baer-capital-launches-india-longshort-hedge-fund Baer Capital Launches India Long/Short Hedge Fund]<br />
* [http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/news/press--news/baer-capital-partners-starts-india-operations/292152 Baer Capital Partners starts India operations]<br />
* [http://www.zawya.com/story.cfm?id=ZAWYA20070806104041 The bridge between the GCC and India]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Brij}}<br />
[[Category:Indian bankers]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1963 births]]<br />
[[Category:Tuck School of Business alumni]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pattambi_Assembly_constituency&diff=472742Pattambi Assembly constituency2026-03-23T13:24:57Z<p>JerryGuerrero: correct details as per guidelines</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Kerala legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Pattambi<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| state = Kerala<br />
| constituency_no = 50<br />
| map_image = File:Pattambi Town near bus stand.jpg<br />
| map_caption = View of [[Pattambi]] town<br />
| established = 1957<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| electors = 1,94,858 (2021)<br />
| mla = [[Muhammed Muhsin]]<br />
| party = [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]<br />
| alliance = {{legend2|#ED1C24|'''[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]'''|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br />
| district = [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]<br />
}} <br />
'''Pattambi State assembly constituency''' is one of the 140 [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies in [[Kerala]] in southern [[India]]. It is also one of the seven [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies included in [[Palakkad Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/palakkad.html<br />
|website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in<br />
|title = State Assembly constituencies in Palakkad district, Kerala.<br />
|access-date = 9 September 2019<br />
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190903213246/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/palakkad.html<br />
|archive-date = 3 September 2019<br />
|url-status = dead<br />
}}</ref> As of the [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016 Assembly elections]], the current MLA is [[Muhammed Muhsin]] of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]. <br />
<br />
==Local self-governed segments==<br />
Pattambi Assembly constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments:<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/palakkad.html<br />
|website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in<br />
|title = Local Self Governments in Assembly Constituencies of Palakkad District<br />
|access-date = 9 September 2019<br />
|archive-date = 3 September 2019<br />
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190903213246/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/palakkad.html<br />
|url-status = dead<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"<br />
!width="30px" |Sl no.<br />
!width="100px" |Name<br />
!width="130px" |Status ([[Gram panchayat|Grama panchayat]]/[[Municipality]])<br />
!width="100px" |[[Tehsil|Taluk]]<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|[[Pattambi]]<br />
|Municipality<br />
|[[Pattambi]]<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|[[Koppam]]<br />
|Grama panchayat<br />
|[[Pattambi]]<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|[[Kulukkallur]]<br />
|Grama panchayat<br />
|[[Pattambi]]<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|[[Muthuthala]]<br />
|Grama panchayat<br />
|[[Pattambi]]<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|[[Ongallur (gram panchayat)|Ongallur]]<br />
|Grama panchayat<br />
|[[Pattambi]]<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|[[Thiruvegappura]]<br />
|Grama panchayat<br />
|[[Pattambi]]<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|[[Vallapuzha]]<br />
|Grama panchayat<br />
|[[Pattambi]]<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|[[Vilayur]]<br />
|Grama panchayat<br />
|[[Pattambi]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Election<br />
!Niyama<br />
Sabha<br />
!Name<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
!Tenure<br />
|-<br />
| [[1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br />
| 1st<br />
| [[E. P. Gopalan]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Communist Party of India}}<br />
| 1957 – 1960<br />
|-<br />
| [[1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1960]]<br />
| 2nd <br />
| rowspan="3" |[[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]]<br />
| 1960 – 1965<br />
|-<br />
| [[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
| 3rd <br />
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=y}}<br />
| 1967 – 1970<br />
|-<br />
| [[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970]]<br />
| 4th<br />
| 1970 – 1977<br />
|-<br />
| [[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
| 5th<br />
| E. P. Gopalan<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br />
| 1977 – 1980<br />
|-<br />
| [[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br />
| 6th<br />
| M. P. Gangadharan<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| 1980 – 1982<br />
|-<br />
| [[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br />
| 7th<br />
| [[K. E. Ismail]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br />
| 1982 – 1987<br />
|-<br />
| [[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]]<br />
| 8th<br />
| [[Leela Damodara Menon]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| 1987 – 1991<br />
|-<br />
| [[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br />
| 9th<br />
| rowspan="2" |K. E. Ismail<br />
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Communist Party of India}}<br />
| 1991 – 1996<br />
|-<br />
| [[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br />
| 10th<br />
| 1996 – 2001<br />
|-<br />
| [[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br />
| 11th <br />
| rowspan="3" |[[C. P. Mohammed]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| 2001 – 2006<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br />
| 12th<br />
| 2006 – 2011<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br />
| 13th<br />
| 2011 – 2016<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br />
| 14th<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Muhammed Muhsin]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Communist Party of India}}<br />
| 2016 - 2021<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|15th<br />
|Incumbent<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
Percentage change (±%) denotes the change in the number of votes from the immediate previous election.<br />
<br />
===2026===<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattambi}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=[[Muhammed Muhsin]]|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=T.P. Shaji|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=BJP|candidate=P. Manoj|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory|<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2021===<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattambi}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party = Communist Party of India <br />
|candidate = [[Muhammed Muhsin]]<br />
|votes = 75,311<br />
|percentage = 49.58<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Indian National Congress <br />
|candidate = Riyas Mukkoli<br />
|votes = 57,337<br />
|percentage = 37.74<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = BJP<br />
|candidate = K. M. Haridas<br />
|votes = 14,578<br />
|percentage = 9.60<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Social Democratic Party of India <br />
|candidate = S. P. Ameer Ali<br />
|votes = 2,975<br />
|percentage = 1.96<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Welfare Party of India <br />
|candidate = S. Mujeeb Rahman<br />
|votes = 801<br />
|percentage = 0.53<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party <br />
|candidate = T. P. Narayanan<br />
|votes = 517<br />
|percentage = 0.34<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = None of the above<br />
|votes = 390<br />
|percentage = 0.26<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory|<br />
|votes = 17,974<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 1,51,909<br />
|percentage = 77.96<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Communist Party of India <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2016 ===<br />
There were 1,55,638 registered voters in the constituency for the 2016 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016}}</ref><br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattambi}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=[[Muhammed Muhsin]]|votes=64,025|percentage=45.69%|change={{increase}}7.28|}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=C. P. Mohammed|votes=56,621|percentage=40.41%|change={{decrease}}8.59|}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=P. Manoj|votes=14,824|percentage=10.58%|change={{increase}}3.05|}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=Abdul Raoof C.|votes=1,848|percentage=1.32%|change={{decrease}}1.86|}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Welfare Party of India|candidate=M. A. Moideenkutty|votes=815|percentage=0.58%|change=-|}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Muhasin|votes=525|percentage=0.37%|change=-|}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=435|percentage=0.31%|change=-|}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Peoples Democratic Party (India)|candidate=Aboobacker P.|votes=422|percentage=0.30%|change={{decrease}}0.31|}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Muhammed Cheruvassseri Pallayalil|votes=126|percentage=0.09%|change=-|}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Noby Augustine|votes=62|percentage=0.04%|change=-}}{{Election box margin of victory||votes=7,404|percentage=5.28%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,40,119|percentage=77.90%|change={{increase}}1.25}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Communist Party of India|loser=Indian National Congress|swing=}}{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2011 ===<br />
There were 1,53,713 registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2011, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011|access-date=11 March 2020|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref><br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattambi}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=C. P. Mohammed|votes=57,728|percentage=49.00%|change=|}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=K. P. Suresh Raj|votes=45,253|percentage=38.41%|change=|}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Pookkattiri Babu|votes=8,874|percentage=7.53%|change=|}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=K. M. Ashraf|votes=3,742|percentage=3.18%|change=|}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Suresh|votes=754|percentage=0.64%|change=-|}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Ashraf Ali Vallapuzha|votes=749|percentage=0.64%|change=-|}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Peoples Democratic Party (India)|candidate=Maseef Haji|votes=718|percentage=0.61%|change=|}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box margin of victory||votes=12,475|percentage=10.59%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,17,818|percentage=76.65%|change=}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|swing=}}{{Election box end}}{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
===1952=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Pattambi]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Sankara Narayana Menon |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=14,683 |percentage=42.02% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Ramachandra Nedungadi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,361 |percentage=29.65% |change=29.65% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Kungu Menon |party=Independent politician |votes=9,896 |percentage=28.32% |change= }}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,322 |percentage=12.37% |change= }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=34,940 |percentage=53.95% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 64,760 |change = }} <br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Pattambi]]<br />
* [[Palakkad district]]<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]<br />
* [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Kerala Assembly Constituencies}}<br />
<br />
{{Kerala Niyamasabha elections}}<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Kerala]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:State assembly constituencies in Palakkad district]]<br />
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1957]]<br />
[[Category:1957 establishments in Kerala]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lok_Bhavan,_Haryana&diff=513451Lok Bhavan, Haryana2026-03-22T02:24:41Z<p>JerryGuerrero: Article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}{{Short description|Residence of the Governor of Haryana}}<br />
{{Infobox building<br />
| name = Lok Bhavan<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|30.742262|76.809882|display=inline,title}}<br />
| construction_start_date = <br />
| completion_date = <br />
| number_of_rooms = <br />
| current_tenants = <br />
| elevator_count = <br />
| cost = <br />
| floor_area = <br />
| architect = <br />
| engineer = <br />
| main_contractor = <br />
| developer = <br />
| owner = [[Government of Haryana]]<br />
| operator = <br />
| references = [http://www.haryanarajbhavan.gov.in/ Website]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
''' Lok Bhavan''' formerly '''Raj Bhavan, Haryana''' is the [[Raj Bhavan]] ("Government House") or [[official residence]] of the [[Governor of Haryana]], [[India]]. It is located in [[Chandigarh]], the shared capital of the states of [[Haryana]] and [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], on the shore of [[Sukhna Lake]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Raj Bhavan Haryana|url=http://www.haryanarajbhavan.gov.in/|website=www.haryanarajbhavan.gov.in|access-date=7 May 2016}}</ref> just north of [[Punjab Raj Bhavan]], residence of the [[List of governors of Punjab (India)|governor of Punjab]]. It current tenant is Ashim Kumar Ghosh<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth#British Indian Empire| Government Houses of the British Indian Empire]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Raj Bhavan}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Chandigarh]]<br />
[[Category:Governors' houses in India]]<br />
[[Category:Government of Haryana]]<br />
<br />
{{India-struct-stub}}<br />
{{India-gov-stub}}</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_in_India&diff=461363Poverty in India2026-03-19T15:32:07Z<p>JerryGuerrero: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|none}}<br />
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}<br />
[[File:Share-of- indian-population-in-extreme-poverty.png|thumb|Share of population in extreme poverty, 1981 to 2022]]<br />
[[File:2012 Poverty distribution map in India by its states and union territories.svg|alt=India|thumb|Poverty rate map of India by prevalence in 2012, among its states and union territories]]<br />
[[File:Mumbai International Airport, India. (13906862097).jpg|thumb|Slums near the international airport in Mumbai/Bombay]]<br />
[[File: India Poverty Chart.png|thumb|India Poverty rate since 1993 based on World Bank $2.00 ppp value]]<br />
<br />
'''Poverty in India''' remains a major challenge despite overall reductions over the last several decades as [[Economy of India|the economy]] has grown. According to an [[International Monetary Fund]] paper, extreme poverty, defined by the [[World Bank]] as living on US$1.90 or less in [[purchasing power parity]] (PPP) terms, in India was as low as 0.8% in 2019, and the country managed to keep it at that level in 2020 despite the unprecedented [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 outbreak]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/india-kept-extreme-poverty-below-1-despite-pandemic-imf-paper/2484041/|title=India kept extreme poverty below 1% despite pandemic: IMF paper|date=7 April 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/india-has-almost-wiped-out-extreme-poverty-imf-101649311909782.html|title = India has almost wiped out extreme poverty: International Monetary Fund|date = 7 April 2022}}</ref><br />
According to the World Bank, India experienced a significant decline in the extreme poverty, from 22.5% in 2011 to 10.2% in 2019. A working paper of the bank said rural poverty declined from 26.3% in 2011 to 11.6% in 2019. The decline in urban areas was from 14.2% to 6.3% in the same period. The poverty level in rural and urban areas went down by 14.7 and 7.9 percentage points, respectively.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/search?q=india+poverty&currenttab=4&currentTab=1#:~:text=First%2C%20the%20poverty%20headcount%20rate,from%2022.5%20percent%20in%202011 | title=Worldbank Search }}</ref> According to United Nations Development Programme administrator Achim Steiner, India lifted 271 million people out of extreme poverty in a 10-year time period from 2005–2006 to 2015–2016. A 2020 study from the [[World Economic Forum]] found "Some 220 million Indians sustained on an expenditure level of less than Rs 32 / day—the poverty line for rural India—by the last headcount of the poor in India in 2013."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/economy/how-india-remains-poor-it-will-take-7-generations-for-india-s-poor-to-reach-mean-income--68898 |title=How India remains poor: 'It will take 7 generations for India's poor to reach mean income' |publisher=Downtoearth.org.in |date= 21 January 2020|accessdate=2022-02-28}}</ref><br />
<br />
The World Bank has been revising its definition and benchmarks to measure poverty since 1990–1991, with a $0.2 per day income on purchasing power parity basis as the definition in use from 2005 to 2013.<ref name=mrwb/> Some semi-economic and non-economic indices have also been proposed to measure poverty in India. For example, in order to determine whether a person is poor, the Multi-dimensional Poverty Index places a 33% weight on the number of years that person spent in school or engaged in education and a 6.25% weight on the financial condition of that person.<ref name=ophimpi/><br />
<br />
The different definitions and underlying small sample surveys used to determine poverty in India have resulted in widely varying estimates of poverty from the 1950s to 2010s. In 2019, the Indian government stated that 6.7% of its population is below its official [[poverty line|poverty limit]].<ref name=rbi2192/> Based on 2019's PPPs [[International Comparison Program]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://go.worldbank.org/9EMHDNLC50 |title=World Bank's $1.25/day poverty measure- countering the latest criticisms |publisher=The World Bank |date=January 2010 |access-date=16 August 2017 |page=50 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/20384/9781464803611.pdf |title=A Measured Approach to Ending Poverty and Boosting Shared Prosperity |publisher=The World Bank |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-4648-0361-1 |doi=10.1596/978-1-4648-0361-1 |hdl=10986/20384 }}</ref><ref name=cnk2014/> According to the United Nations [[Millennium Development Goals]] (MDG) programme, 80 million people out of 1.2 billion Indians, roughly equal to 6.7% of India's population, lived below the poverty line of $1.25 <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/8-gdp-growth-helped-reduce-poverty-un-report/article6862101.ece|author=Puja Mehra|title=8% GDP growth helped reduce poverty: UN report|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2 April 2016|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref> and 84% of Indians lived on less than $6.85 per day in 2019.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.UMIC | title =Poverty headcount ratio at $5.50 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) | publisher = [[World Bank]] }}</ref><br />
<br />
From the late 19th century through the early 20th century, under the [[British Raj]], poverty in India intensified, peaking in the 1920s.<ref name=troy/><ref name=am1970/> [[Famine in India|Famines]] and diseases killed millions in multiple cycles throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries.<ref name=murton/><ref name=asen/> After India gained its independence in 1947, mass deaths from famines were prevented.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Beitler |first1=Maddie |title=Colonial India: A Legacy of Neglect |url=https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/1bcfcb6b88c846f99e05ab7831669757 |website=ArcGIS StoryMaps |access-date=17 March 2022 |language=en |date=26 September 2020 |quote=It is important to note that there has not been a major famine in India since it gained its independence in 1947. }}</ref> Since 1991, rapid economic growth has led to a sharp reduction in extreme poverty in India.<ref name=bnp2013/><ref name=ssaa/> However, those above the poverty line live a fragile economic life.<ref>John Burn-Murdoch and Steve Bernard, [http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/95fb1cca-c181-11e3-83af-00144feabdc0.html#axzz37H3xiJiA The Fragile Middle: millions face poverty as emerging economies slow], ''The Financial Times'' (13 April 2014). Retrieved 16 August 2017.</ref> As per the methodology of the [[Suresh Tendulkar]] Committee report, the population below the poverty line in India was 354 million (29.6% of the population) in 2009–2010 and was 269 million (21.9% of the population) in 2011–2012.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sepoy|first=Inzamul|title=Indian Economic Development|year=2019|page=84}}</ref> In 2014, the [[C. Rangarajan|Rangarajan]] Committee said that the population below the poverty line was 454 million (38.2% of the population) in 2009–2010 and was 363 million (29.5% of the population) in 2011–2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/30-of-india-is-poor-says-rangarajan-panels-new-poverty-line-formula-1606187.html |title=30% of India is poor, says Rangarajan panel's new poverty line formula |date=7 July 2014 |publisher=First Post |access-date=2017-10-21}}</ref> Deutsche Bank Research estimated that there are nearly 300 million people who are in the middle class.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dbresearch.de/PROD/DBR_INTERNET_DE-PROD/PROD0000000000253735.pdf|title=The middle class in India|publisher=Deutsche Bank Research|date=15 February 2010|access-date=16 August 2017|archive-date=25 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125101942/http://www.dbresearch.de/PROD/DBR_INTERNET_DE-PROD/PROD0000000000253735.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> If these previous trends continue, India's share of world GDP will significantly increase from 7.3% in 2016 to 8.5% by 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=54&pr.y=8&sy=2016&ey=2020&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=534&s=PPPSH&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref> In 2012, around 170 million people, or 12.4% of India's population, lived in poverty (defined as $1.90 (Rs 123.5)), an improvement from 29.8% of India's population in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/country/india|title=India – Data|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaspend.com/cover-story/indias-poverty-rate-falls-to-12-4-electricity-plays-big-role-20364|title=India's Poverty Rate Falls To 12.4%, Electricity Plays Big Role|date=10 October 2015|access-date=16 August 2017}}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In their paper, economists Sandhya Krishnan and Neeraj Hatekar conclude that 600 million people, or more than half of India's population, belong to the middle class.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-41264072|title=Is India's middle class actually poor?|first=Soutik|last=Biswas|work=BBC News|date=15 November 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Asian Development Bank]] estimates India's population to be at 1.28 billion with an average growth rate of 1.3% from 2010 to 2015. In 2014, 9.9% of the population aged 15 years and above were employed. 6.9% of the population still lives below the national poverty line and 6.3%{{Additional source needed|date=October 2024}} in extreme poverty (December 2018).<ref>[https://www.adb.org/countries/india/poverty Poverty in India]. Asian Development Bank. Retrieved 16 August 2017.</ref> The [[World Poverty Clock]] shows real-time poverty trends in India, which are based on the latest data, of the World Bank, among others. As per recent estimates, the country is well on its way of ending extreme poverty by meeting its sustainable development goals by 2030.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/a-number-1-position-india-is-happy-to-lose/articleshow/64744866.cms|title=A number 1 position India is happy to lose|work=The Times of India}}</ref> According to [[Oxfam]], India's top 1% of the population now holds 73% of the wealth, while 670 million citizens, comprising the country's poorer half, saw their wealth rise by just 1%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy-politics/story/oxfam-india-wealth-report-income-inequality-richests-poor-98884-2018-01-22|title=Income inequality gets worse; India's top 1% bag 73% of the country's wealth, says Oxfam|work=Business Today|date=22 January 2018 }}</ref> <br />
<br />
As of 2025, poverty in India declined sharply. According to the World Bank report, extreme poverty fall from 16.2% in 2011-12 to 2.3% in 2022-23. In rural areas it fell from 18.4% to 2.8%, and in urban areas, from 10.7% to 1.1%. 378 million people were lifted from poverty and 171 million from extreme poverty. The main reason, according to the World Bank, is not more opportunities for economic growth but different government welfare programs, like transferring food and money to the people with low income, improving their access to services.<ref name=Sunitha>{{cite news |last1=Natti |first1=Sunitha |title=The number of poor are falling in India; is it time to shift the poverty line now? |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/web-only/2025/May/27/the-number-of-poor-are-falling-in-india-is-it-time-to-shift-the-poverty-line-now |access-date=22 July 2025 |agency=The New Indian Express |date=27 May 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Definition of poverty==<br />
Poverty is the state of not having enough material possessions or income for a person's basic needs. Poverty may include social, economic, and political elements. Absolute poverty is the complete lack of the means necessary to meet basic personal needs, such as food, clothing, and shelter.<br />
;Economic measures<br />
There are several definitions of poverty, and scholars disagree as to which definition is appropriate for India.<ref>Erenstein (2011), Livelihood Assets as a Multidimensional Inverse Proxy for Poverty: A District‐level Analysis of the Indian Indo‐Gangetic Plains, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 12(2), pp. 283–302.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2013/07/25/how-to-read-indias-poverty-stats/|author=Anant Vijay Kala|title=How to read India's poverty stats?|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=25 July 2013|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref> Inside India, both income-based poverty definition and consumption-based poverty statistics are in use.<ref>Krishna & Shariff (2011), The irrelevance of national strategies? Rural poverty dynamics in states and regions of India, 1993–2005. World Development, 39(4), pp. 533–549.</ref> Outside India, the World Bank and institutions of the United Nations use a broader definition to compare poverty among nations, including India, based on purchasing power parity (PPP), as well as nominal relative basis.<ref>Chandy, L., & Gertz, G. (2011), Poverty in numbers: The changing state of global poverty from 2005 to 2015, Brookings Institution</ref><ref>[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPOVERTY/Resources/335642-1124115102975/1555199-1124115187705/ch2.pdf THE DEFINITIONS OF POVERTY] The World Bank (2009).</ref> Each state in India has its own poverty threshold to determine how many people are below its poverty line and to reflect regional economic conditions. These differences in definitions yield a complex and conflicting picture about poverty in India, both internally and when compared to other developing countries of the world.<ref name="sd2014">{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/091808e0-d6da-11e3-b95e-00144feabdc0.html#axzz34f4iVmaC|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221211231249/https://www.ft.com/content/091808e0-d6da-11e3-b95e-00144feabdc0#axzz34f4iVmaC|archive-date=11 December 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=World Bank eyes biggest global poverty line increase in decades|last=Donnan|first=Shawn|date=9 May 2014|work=Financial Times|access-date=11 July 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
According to the World Bank, India accounted for the world's largest number of poor people in 2012 using revised methodology to measure poverty, reflecting its massive population. However, in terms of percentage, it scored somewhat lower than other countries holding large poor populations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/india-s-poverty-rate-lowest-among-countries-with-poor-populations/story-UUrEApaBqRZth6EzRdRK6K.html|title=India is home to world's largest poor population|date=5 October 2015|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> In July 2018, [[World Poverty Clock]], a Vienna-based think tank, reported that a minimal 5.3% or 70.6 million Indians lived in extreme poverty compared to 44% or 87 million Nigerians. In 2019, Nigeria and Congo surpassed India in terms of total population earning below $1.9 a day.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/07/10/india-is-no-longer-home-to-the-largest-number-of-poor-people-in-the-world-nigeria-is/|title=India is no longer home to the largest number of poor people in the world. Nigeria is.|access-date = 5 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://worldpoverty.io|title=World Poverty Clock|access-date = 5 February 2019}}</ref> Although India is expected to meet the United Nations' [[Sustainable Development Goals]] on extreme poverty in due time, a very large share of its population lives on less than $3.2 a day, putting India's economy safely into the category of lower middle income economies.<br />
<br />
As with many countries,<ref>Gordon Fisher, [http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v55n4/v55n4p3.pdf The Development and the history of poverty thresholds] Social Security Bulletin, Vol 55, No 4 (Winter 1992), US Government. Retrieved 16 August 2017.</ref> poverty was historically defined and estimated in India using a sustenance food standard. This methodology has been revised. India's current official poverty rates are based on its Planning Commission's data derived from so-called Tendulkar methodology.<ref>Panagariya & Mukim (2014), A comprehensive analysis of poverty in India. Asian Development Review, 31(1), pp. 1–52.</ref> It defines poverty not in terms of annual income, but in terms of consumption or spending per individual over a certain period for a basket of essential goods. Furthermore, this methodology sets different poverty lines for rural and [[urban area]]s. Since 2007, India has set its official threshold at {{INR}} 26 a day ($0.43) in rural areas and about {{INR}} 32 per day ($0.53) in urban areas.<ref name=itodaypov07>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/planning-commission-bpl-earn-rs-25-a-day-india-141619-2011-09-20|title=Not poor if you earn Rs.32 a day: Planning Commission|work=India Today|date=21 September 2011|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref> While these numbers are lower than the World Bank's $1.25 per day ''income''-based definition, the definition is similar to China's US$0.65 per day official poverty line in 2008.<ref>Chen and Ravallion, [http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/05/19/000158349_20080519094812/Rendered/PDF/wps4621.pdf China is Poorer than we Thought, But No Less Successful in the Fight against Poverty] Policy Research Working Paper 4621, The World Bank (2008), page 9.</ref><br />
<br />
The World Bank's international poverty line definition is based on purchasing power parity basis, at $1.25 per day.<ref>Chen & Ravallion (2013), More Relatively‐Poor People in a Less Absolutely‐Poor World, Review of Income, Wealth, 59(1), pp. 1–28.</ref><ref>Alkire & Sumner (2013), [http://www.palgrave-journals.com/development/journal/v56/n1/abs/dev20136a.html Multidimensional Poverty and the Post-2015 MDGs], ''Development'', 56(1), pp. 46–51.</ref> This definition is motivated by the fact that the price of the same goods and services can differ significantly when converted into local currencies around the world. A realistic definition and comparison of poverty must consider these differences in costs of living, or must be on purchasing power parity (PPP) basis. On this basis, currency fluctuations and nominal numbers become less important, the definition is based on the local costs of a basket of essential goods and services that people can purchase. By World Bank's 2014 PPP definition, India's poverty rate is significantly lower than previously believed.<ref name=sd2014/><br />
<br />
;Mixed, semi-economic and non-economic measures<br />
As with economic measures, there are many mixed or non-economic measures of poverty and experts contest which one is most appropriate for India. For example, Dandekar and Rath in 1971 suggested a measure of poverty rate that was based on number of calories consumed.<ref>Paul, S. (1989), A model of constructing the poverty line, Journal of Development Economics, 30(1), pp. 129–144</ref> In 2011, Alkire et al. suggested a poverty rate measure so-called Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI), which only puts a 6.25% weight to assets owned by a person and places 33% weight on education and number of years spent in school.<ref name=ophimpi/> These non-economic measures remain controversial and contested as a measure of poverty rate of any nation, including India.<ref>Sumner (2004), Economic Well-being and Non-economic Well-being, A Review of the Meaning and Measurement of Poverty, {{ISBN|92-9190-617-4}}</ref><ref>Appleton (2001), 'The Rich Are Just Like Us, Only Richer': Poverty Functions or Consumption Functions?, Journal of African Economies, 10(4), pp. 433–469.</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align: centre;"<br />
|+ National poverty lines comparison<br /><small>(Note: this is historical data, not current)</small><br />
|- <br />
!Country<br />
!Poverty line<br />(per day)<br />
!Year<br />
!Reference<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|India}}<br />
| 32 rupees ($0.5)<br />
| 2017<br />
|<ref name=itodaypov07/><br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Argentina}}<br />
| 481 pesos ($11.81)<br />
| 2017<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.eleconomista.com.ar/2017-07-linea-pobreza-14811-indigencia-6045/ |title=La línea de la pobreza subió a $ 14.811 y la de indigencia a $ 6.045 |language=es |trans-title=The poverty line rose to $ 14,811 and the poverty line to $ 6,045 |work=El Economista |date=25 July 2017 |access-date=31 December 2017}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|China}}<br />
| 6.3 yuan ($1)<br />
| 2011<br />
|<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111204105923/http://www.china.org.cn/china/2011-11/16/content_23930191.htm China issues white paper on poverty reduction] China (16 November 2011)</ref><br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Nigeria}}<br />
| 65 naira ($0.4)<br />
| 2011<br />
|<ref>[http://www.jica.go.jp/activities/issues/poverty/profile/pdf/nig_02.pdf Federal Republic of Nigeria – Study for Poverty Profile (Africa)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831002906/https://www.jica.go.jp/activities/issues/poverty/profile/pdf/nig_02.pdf |date=31 August 2021 }} JICA Japan (March 2011) Retrieved 16 August 2017.</ref><br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|United States}}<br />
| $14<ref>the official poverty line in the United States varies with number of people in a household, $13 per day is per person in a family of four</ref><br />
| 2005<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |author=Martin Ravallion |date=January 2010 |url=http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTRESEARCH/0,,contentMDK:22510787~pagePK:64165401~piPK:64165026~theSitePK:469382,00.html |title=World Bank's $1.25/day poverty measure- countering the latest criticisms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210022841/http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTRESEARCH/0,,contentMDK:22510787~pagePK:64165401~piPK:64165026~theSitePK:469382,00.html |archive-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=dead |publisher=The World Bank |website=Research at the World Bank |quote=... the official poverty line used in the United States is $13 a day in 2005 (per person, for a family of four).}}</ref><ref name=hhspovline/><br />
|}<br />
;Comparison with alternate international definitions<br />
<br />
India determines its household poverty line by summing up the individual per capita poverty lines of the household members. This practice is similar to many developing countries, but different from developed countries such as the United States who adjusts their poverty line on an incremental basis per additional household member. For example, in the United States, the poverty line for a household with just one member was set at $11,670 per year for 2014, while it was set at $23,850 per year for a 4-member household (or $5963 per person for the larger household).<ref name=hhspovline>[https://aspe.hhs.gov/2014-poverty-guidelines 2014 Poverty Guidelines] US Department of Health and Human Services (2014)</ref> The rationale for the differences arise from the economic realities of each country. In India, households may include surviving grandparents, parents, and [[Children and adolescents in India|children]]. They typically do not incur any or significant rent expenses every month particularly in rural India, unlike housing in mostly urban developed economies. The cost of food and other essentials are shared within the household by its members in both cases. However, a larger portion of a monthly expenditure goes to food in poor households in developing countries,<ref>[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/food-security-poverty.pdf Food Security and Poverty in Asia and the Pacific] Asian Development Bank (April 2012), {{ISBN|978-92-9092-666-5}}, pp. 9–11.</ref> while housing, conveyance, and other essentials cost significantly more in developed economies.<br />
<br />
For its current poverty rate measurements, India calculates two benchmarks. The first includes a basket of goods, including food items but excluding the implied value of home, value of any means of conveyance or the economic value of other essentials created, grown or used without a financial transaction, by the members of a household. The second poverty line benchmark adds rent value of residence as well as the cost of conveyance, but nothing else, to the first benchmark.<ref name=povmethod2009>[http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/rep_pov.pdf REPORT OF THE EXPERT GROUP TO REVIEW THE METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATION OF POVERTY] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904224037/http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/rep_pov.pdf |date=4 September 2011 }} Govt of India (2009), pp. 11–27.</ref> This practice is similar to those used in developed countries for non-cash income equivalents and a poverty line basis.<ref>Gordon Fisher, [http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v55n4/v55n4p3.pdf The Development and the history of poverty thresholds] Social Security Bulletin, Vol 55, No 4 (Winter 1992), US Government, pp. 9.</ref><ref>Smeeding et al., [http://www.iariw.org/kendrickprizepdfs/1993-2-Smeeding-et-al.pdf POVERTY, INEQUALTTY, AND FAMILY LIVING STANDARDS IMPACTS ACROSS SEVEN NATIONS: THE EFFECT OF NONCASH SUBSIDIES FOR HEALTH, EDUCATION AND HOUSING] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725201703/http://www.iariw.org/kendrickprizepdfs/1993-2-Smeeding-et-al.pdf |date=25 July 2014 }} Review of Income and Wealth, Series 39, Number 3. September 1993, pp. 229–256.</ref><br />
<br />
India's proposed but not yet adopted official poverty line, in 2014, was {{INRConvert|972}} a month in rural areas or {{INRConvert|1407}} a month in cities. The current poverty line is 1,059.42 Indian Rupees (62 [[Purchasing power parity|PPP]] USD) per month in rural areas and 1,286 Indian rupees (75 [[Purchasing power parity|PPP]] USD) per month in urban areas.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-poverty-formula-proves-test-for-india-1406487289|title=New Poverty Formula Proves Test for India|author=Raymond Zhong|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=27 July 2014|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref> India's nationwide average poverty line differs from each state's poverty line. For example, in 2011–2012, [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] had its highest poverty line of {{INRConvert|1301}} a month in rural and {{INRConvert|1309}} a month in urban areas, while [[Odisha]] had the lowest poverty thresholds of {{INRConvert|695}} a month for rural and {{INRConvert|861}} a month for its urban areas.<ref>[http://planningcommission.gov.in/news/pre_pov2307.pdf Press Note on Poverty Estimates, 2011–12] Government of India, p. 5.</ref><br />
<br />
==Poverty prevalence and estimates==<br />
<br />
During the 19th and early 20th century, when the country was under [[British Raj|British colonial rule]], parts of India saw a widespread increase in poverty.<ref name=troy>T. Roy, London School of Economics, ''Globalization, Factor Prices and Poverty in Colonial India'', Australian Economic History Review, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 73–94 (March 2007)</ref><ref>Sarkar (1983), The colonial economy, In: S. Sarkar (Editor) Modern India: 1885–1947, Macmillan, {{ISBN|978-0333904251}}</ref> Beginning from the 18th century onwards, British officials in India implemented a series of policies which resulted in the [[de-industrialisation of India]] by reducing garments and other finished products manufactured by artisans in India. Instead, they imported these products from Britain's expanding industry due to the many industrial innovations of the 19th century. Additionally, the colonial authorities simultaneously encouraged the conversion of more land into farms and more agricultural exports from India.<ref>Thorner (1962), 'Deindustrialization' in India, 1881–1931, In: D. Thorner, and A. Thorner (Editors), Land and Labour in India, {{ISBN|978-8180280214}}</ref><ref name=rh97/> Eastern regions of India along the [[Ganges]] river plains, such as those now known as eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]] and [[West Bengal]],<ref>These were variously called or were parts of United Provinces, Northwestern Provinces, Oudh, Behar, Bengal and Rewa in 19th century South Asia</ref> were dedicated to producing poppy and opium. These items were then exported to southeast and east Asia, particularly China. The East India Company initially held an exclusive monopoly over these exports, and the colonial British institutions later did so as well.<ref>Kranton and Swamy, ''Contracts, Hold-Up, and Exports: Textiles and Opium in Colonial India'', American Economic Review, 98(3): 967–989.</ref> <br />
<br />
The economic importance of this shift from industry to agriculture in India was large;<ref>Allen (1853), {{Google books|ZNT3ohiMQaMC|The opium trade: a sketch of its history, extent, effects as carried on in India and China}}, J.P. Walker</ref> by 1850, it created nearly 1,000 square kilometres of poppy farms India's fertile Ganges plains. This consequently led to two opium wars in Asia, with the [[Second Opium War]] fought between 1856 and 1860. After China agreed to be a part of the opium trade, the colonial government dedicated more land exclusively to poppy.<ref name=rh97/> The opium agriculture in India rose from 1850 through 1900, when over 500,000 acres of the most fertile Ganges basin farms were devoted to poppy cultivation.<ref name=ukparliament1890>{{Google books|704zAQAAMAAJ|The Parliamentary Debates, Volume 348|page=1058}}, Hansard's, HM Government, Great Britain (14 August 1890), pp. 1054–1061.</ref> Additionally, opium processing factories owned by colonial officials were expanded in [[Varanasi|Benares]] and [[Patna]], and shipping expanded from Bengal to the ports of East Asia such as Hong Kong, all under exclusive monopoly of the British. By the early 20th century, 3 out of 4 Indians were employed in agriculture, famines were common, and food consumption per capita declined in every decade.<ref name=am1970>[[Angus Maddison|Maddison, Angus]]. (1970), ''[https://ojs.uniroma1.it/index.php/PSLQuarterlyReview/article/view/11550/11420 The historical origins of Indian poverty] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308184359/https://ojs.uniroma1.it/index.php/PSLQuarterlyReview/article/view/11550/11420 |date=8 March 2021 }}'', PSL Quarterly Review, 23(92), pp. 31–81.</ref> The issue of [[Company rule in India]] and its effects on Indian poverty was raised by Anglo-Irish [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]] politician [[Edmund Burke]] in the [[House of Commons of Great Britain]]; in 1778, Burke began an [[Impeachment of Warren Hastings|impeachment trial]] against [[East India Company]] official [[Warren Hastings]] on charges including mismanagement of the Indian economy; Hastings was ultimately cleared of the charges in 1785. Indian historian [[Rajat Kanta Ray]] argued the economy established by the East India Company in 18th-century Bengal was a form of plunder and a catastrophe for the traditional economy of India, depleting food and money stocks and imposing high taxes that helped cause the famine of 1770, which killed a third of Bengali population.<ref>Rajat Kanta Ray, "Indian Society and the Establishment of British Supremacy, 1765–1818," in ''The Oxford History of British Empire: vol. 2, The Eighteenth Century'' ed. by P. J. Marshall, (1998), pp 508–29.</ref> In London, the late 19th century British parliament debated the repeated incidence of famines in India, and the impoverishment of Indians due to this diversion of agriculture land from growing food staples to growing poppy for opium export under orders of the colonial British empire.<ref name=rh97>Richard Hunt (1997), To End Poverty – The Starvation of the Periphery by the Core, Oxford, UK, {{ISBN|978-0952887201}}, pp. 145–148.</ref><ref name=ukparliament1890/><br />
<br />
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| width = 225<br />
| footer = Poverty was intense during colonial era India. Numerous famines and epidemics killed millions of people each.<ref name=murton>Murton, Brian (2000), "VI.4: Famine", The Cambridge World History of Food 2, Cambridge, New York, pp. 1411–27</ref><ref>Singh (2002), Population And Poverty, Mittal, {{ISBN|978-81-7099-848-8}}</ref> Upper image is from [[Great Famine of 1876-1878|1876 to 1879 famine]] in South of British India that starved and killed over 6 million people, while lower image is of child who starved to death during the Bengal famine of 1943.<br />
| image2 = Bengal famine 1943 photo.jpg<br />
| alt2 = Bengal famine 1943<br />
| image1 = 1876 1877 1878 1879 Famine Genocide in India Madras under British colonial rule 2.jpg<br />
| alt1 = Madras famine 1876<br />
}}<br />
These colonial policies moved unemployed artisans into farming, and transformed India into a region increasingly abundant in land, unskilled labour, and low productivity. This consequently made India scarce in skilled labour, capital and knowledge.<ref name=troy/><ref name=am1970/> On an inflation adjusted 1973 rupee basis, the average income of an Indian agrarian labourer was Rs. 7.20 per year in 1885, against an inflation adjusted poverty line of Rs. 23.90 per year. Thus, not only was the average income below the poverty line, but the intensity of poverty was also severe. The intensity of poverty increased from 1885 to 1921, before being reversed. However, the absolute poverty rates continued to be very high through the 1930s.<ref name=troy/><ref>Reddy (1986), Trends in agricultural wages in some south Indian districts: 1800–1980, Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 28, pp. 307–349</ref> The colonial policies on taxation and its recognition of land ownership claims of [[zamindar]]s and [[mansabdar]]s, or Mughal era nobility, made a minority of families wealthy. Additionally, these policies weakened the ability of poorer peasants to command land and credit. The resulting rising [[landlessness]] and stagnant real wages intensified poverty.<ref name=troy/><ref>Raychaudhuri (1982), Non-agricultural production: Mughal India, In: T. Raychaudhuri, and I. Habib, (Editors), The Cambridge Economic History of India, Cambridge University Press.</ref><br />
<br />
The National Planning Committee of 1936 noted the appalling poverty of undivided India.<ref name=pcomindia/><br />
<br />
{{blockquote|(...) there was lack of food, of clothing, of housing and of every other essential requirement of human existence... the development policy objective should be to get rid of the appalling poverty of the people.|Nehru, ''The Discovery of India'', (1946)}}<br />
<br />
The National Planning Committee, notes Suryanarayana, then defined goals in 1936 to alleviate poverty by setting targets in terms of nutrition (2400 to 2800 calories per adult worker), clothing (30 yards per capita per annum) and housing (100 sq. ft per capita).<ref name=pcomindia>{{cite web|url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/surya.pdf|title=Nutritional Norms for Poverty: Issues and Implications|author=M.H. Suryanarayana|publisher=Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref> This method of linking poverty as a function of nutrition, clothing and housing continued in India after it became independent from British colonial empire.<br />
<br />
These poverty alleviation goals were theoretical, with administrative powers resident in the British Empire. Poverty ravaged India. In 1943, for example, despite rising agricultural output in undivided South Asia, the [[Bengal famine of 1943|Bengal famine]] killed millions of Indians from starvation, disease and destitution. Destitution was so intense in Bengal, Bihar, eastern Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Orissa, that entire families and villages were "wiped out" of existence. Village artisans, along with sustenance farming families, died from lack of food, malnutrition and a wave of diseases.<ref name=asen>A Sen (1983), Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0198284635}}</ref> The 1943 famine was not an isolated tragedy. Devastating famines impoverished India every 5 to 8 years in the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. Between 6.1 and 10.3 million people starved to death in British India during the 1876–1879 famine, while another 6.1 to 8.4 million people died during the 1896–1898 famine.<ref name=rpmw>{{cite book |editor1=Richard Peet |editor2=Michael Watts |title=Liberation Ecologies: Environment, Development and Social Movements |date=2004 |location=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0415312363 |pages=44–49}}</ref> [[The Lancet]] reported that 19 million people died from starvation and the consequences of extreme poverty in British India between 1896 and 1900.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Davis |first1=Mike |title=Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World |date=2001 |publisher=Verso |isbn=978-1859847398 |page=[https://archive.org/details/latevictorianhol00dav_wbr/page/7 7] |url=https://archive.org/details/latevictorianhol00dav_wbr/page/7 }}</ref> Sir MacDonnell observed the suffering and poverty in 1900, and noted, "people died like flies" in Bombay.<ref>Romesh Dutt (1901), [https://archive.org/stream/indianfaminesthe00duttrich#page/n3/mode/2up Indian Famines, Their Causes and Prevention], London</ref><br />
<br />
=== After Independence ===<br />
<br />
====1950s====<br />
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align: centre;"<br />
|- <br />
!Year<ref name=minhas1960s/><br />
!Total<br />Population<br />(millions)<br />
!50%lived on<br />({{INR}} / year)<br />
!95% lived on<br />({{INR}} / year)<br />
|-<br />
| 1956–57<br />
| 359<br />
| 180<br />
| 443<br />
|-<br />
| 1961–62<br />
| 445<br />
| 204<br />
| 498<br />
|-<br />
| 1967–68<br />
| 514<br />
| 222<br />
| 512<br />
|}<br />
Minhas published his estimates of poverty rates in 1950s India as cyclical and a strong function of each year's harvest. Minhas disagreed with the practice of using calories as the basis for poverty estimation and proposed a poverty line based on real expenditure per year (Rs 240 per annum). In 1956–57, a good harvest year, he computed India's poverty rate to be 65% (215 million people).<ref name=minhas1960s>B.S. Minhas, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/29794045 Rural Poverty, Land Redistribution and Development Strategy: Facts and Policy], Indian Economic Review New Series, Vol. 5, No. 1 (APRIL 1970), pp. 97–128</ref><ref>B.S. Minhas (1974), {{Google books|PSsuAAAAMAAJ|Planning and the Poor}}, Chand, pp. 71–76.</ref> For 1960, Minhas estimated the poverty to be 59%.<ref name=gsf/><br />
<br />
====1960s====<br />
A Working Group was formed in 1962 to attempt to set a poverty line for India.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 November 2013 |url=http://www.thestatesman.net/news/26193-poverty-puzzle.html |title=Poverty Puzzle |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715125023/http://www.thestatesman.net/news/26193-poverty-puzzle.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 |work=The Statesman}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/publications/pub93_nopoors.pdf |title=A market at the bottom of the pyramid? |author=Arvind Singhal |date=28 August 2008 |access-date=16 August 2017 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231084056/http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/publications/pub93_nopoors.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> This Working Group used calories required for survival, and income needed to buy those calories in different parts of rural India, to derive an average poverty line of Rs. 20 per month at 1960–61 prices.<ref name=Joshi>{{cite web|title=Conceptualisation, Measurement and Dimensional Aspects of Poverty in India, by P. D. Joshi, Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Programme Implementation, India|last=Joshi|first=P. D. (Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Programme Implementation, India)|work=Seminar on Poverty Statistics Santiago 7–9 May 1997 |publisher=[[United Nations Statistical Commission]] Expert Group on Poverty Statistics |url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/poverty/pdf/india.pdf |access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
Estimates of poverty in India during the 1960s varied widely. Dandekar and Rath, on the behalf of then Indian government, estimated that the poverty rate in 1960s remained generally constant at 41%. Ojha, in contrast, estimated that there were 190 million people (44%) in India below official poverty limit in 1961, and that this below-poverty line number increased to 289 million people (70%) in 1967. Bardhan also concluded that Indian poverty rates increased through the 1960s, reaching a high of 54%.<ref name=gsf>Gary S. Fields, {{Google books| |Poverty, Inequality, and Development}}, {{ISBN|978-0521298520}}, pp. 204–210</ref><ref>P. Sarangi, Consumption, Poverty And Inequality, {{ISBN|978-8183562645}}, pp. 188–200</ref> Those above the 1960s poverty level of Rs 240 per year, were in fragile economic groups as well and not doing well either. Minhas estimated that 95% of India's people lived on Rs 458 per year in 1963–64, while the richest 5% lived on an average of Rs 645 per year (all numbers inflation adjusted to 1960–61 Rupee).<ref name=minhas1960s/><br />
<br />
====1970s – 1980s====<br />
Dandekar and Rath<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.epw.in/journal/1971/2/special-articles/poverty-india.html|title=Poverty in India |journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=6|issue=2|date=9 January 1971|access-date=16 August 2017|url-access=subscription }}</ref> in 1971 used a daily intake of 2,250 calories per person to define the poverty line for India. Using [[National Sample Survey Organisation|NSSO]] data regarding household expenditures for 1960–61, they determined that in order to achieve this food intake and other daily necessities, a rural dweller required an annual income of {{INR}} 170.80 per year ({{INR}} 14.20 per month, adjusted to 1971 Rupee). An urban dweller required {{INR}} 271.70 per year ({{INR}} 22.60 per month). They concluded from this study that 40 percent of rural residents and 50 percent of urban residents were below the poverty line in 1960–61.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/af349e/af349e0k.htm|title=Proceedings of the workshop on forests for poverty reduction: changing role for research, development and training institutions|website=Fao.org|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
Poverty alleviation has been a driver for India's [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]]'s Task Force on Projections of Minimum Needs and Effective Consumption Demand of the Perspective Planning Division. This division, in 1979, took into account differences in calorie requirements for different age groups, activity levels, and sex. They determined that the average rural dweller needed around 2400 calories, and those in urban areas required about 2100 calories per person per day. To satisfy the food requirement, the Task Force estimated that a [[consumer spending]] in 1973–74 of Rs.49.09 per person per month in rural areas and Rs.56.64 in urban areas was appropriate measure to estimate its poverty line.<ref>{{cite web|title=Report of The Expert Group on Estimation of Proportion and Number of Poor|publisher=Perspective Planning Division, Planning Commission|url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/publications/pub93_nopoors.pdf|access-date=16 August 2017|archive-date=31 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231084056/http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/publications/pub93_nopoors.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
Poverty remained stubbornly high in India through the 1970s and 1980s. It created slogans such as ''[[Garibi Hatao]]'' (meaning eliminate poverty) for political campaigns, during elections in early 1970s through the 1980s.<ref>Banerjee & Somanathan (2007), The political economy of public goods: Some evidence from India, Journal of development Economics, 82(2), pp. 287–314</ref> Rural poverty rate exceeded 50%, using India's official poverty line for 1970s.<ref>Chen, S., G. Datt, and M. Ravallion (1994), Is poverty increasing in the developing world?, Review of Income and Wealth, 40 (4): 359–376.</ref><ref name=datt1998>Datt (1998), [http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/dp47.pdf Poverty in India and Indian states: An update], IFPRI, Washington D.C.. Retrieved 16 August 2017.</ref><br />
<br />
Additionally, in 1976, the Indian government passed the Bonded Labor System Act in an effort to end [[debt bondage in India]], a practice which contributes to generational poverty.<ref name=":1">{{Citation|last1=Acharya|first1=Arun Kumar|title=Practices of Bonded Labour in India: Forms of Exploitation and Human Rights Violations|date=2019|url=http://sk.sagepub.com/reference/the-sage-handbook-of-human-trafficking-and-modern-day-slavery/i1223.xml|work=The SAGE Handbook of Human Trafficking and Modern Day Slavery|pages=126–138|publisher=SAGE Publications Ltd|doi=10.4135/9781526436146.n6|access-date=2020-05-03|last2=Naranjo|first2=Diego López|isbn=9781473978553|s2cid=169418671|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Nevertheless, this system is still in place today due to weak enforcement of this law.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
====1990s====<br />
Another Expert Group was instituted in 1993, chaired by Lakdawala, to examine poverty line for India. It recommended that regional economic differences are large enough that poverty lines should be calculated for each state. From then on, a standard list of commodities were drawn up and priced in each state of the nation, using 1973–74 as a base year. This basket of goods could then be re-priced each year and comparisons made between regions. The Government of India began using a modified version of this method of calculating the poverty line in India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Report of the Expert Group to Recommend the Detailed Methodology for Identification of Families Living Below Poverty Line in the Urban Areas|publisher=Planning Commission|url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/rep_hasim1701.pdf|access-date=16 August 2017|archive-date=19 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819105952/http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/rep_hasim1701.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
There are wide variations in India's poverty estimates for 1990s, in part from differences in the methodology and in the small sample surveys they poll for the underlying data. A 2007 report for example, using data for late 1990s, stated that 77% of Indians lived on less than {{INR}} 20 a day (about US$0.50 per day).<ref name="Government of India">{{cite web|url=http://nceuis.nic.in/Condition_of_workers_sep_2007.pdf|title=Report on Condition of Work and Promotion of Livelihoods in the unorganised sector.|access-date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330080654/http://nceuis.nic.in/condition_of_workers_sep_2007.pdf|archive-date=30 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In contrast, S.G.Datt estimated India's national poverty rate to be 35% in 1994, at India's then official poverty line of Rs 49 per capita, with consumer price index adjusted to June 1974 rural prices.<ref name=datt1998/><br />
<br />
====2000s====<br />
The Saxena Committee report, using data from 1972 to 2000, separated calorific intake apart from nominal income in its economic analysis of poverty in India, and then stated that 50% of Indians lived below the poverty line.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/Calorie-intake-criterion-puts-50-per-cent-Indians-below-poverty-line/article16882647.ece|title=Calorie intake criterion puts 50 per cent Indians below poverty line|location=Chennai, India|work=The Hindu|date=19 September 2009|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref> The Planning Commission of India, in contrast, determined that the poverty rate was 39%.<br />
<br />
The National Council of Applied Economic Research estimated that 48% of the Indian households earn more than {{INRConvert|90|k|1}} annually (or more than {{USD}} 3 PPP per person). According to NCAER, in 2009, of the 222 million households in India, the absolutely poor households (annual incomes below {{INRConvert|45000}}) accounted for only 15.6% of them or about 35 million (about 200 million Indians). Another 80 million households are in the income levels of {{INRConvert|45000}} to {{INRConvert|90000}} per year. These numbers are similar to World Bank estimates of the "below-the-poverty-line" households that may total about 100 million (or about 456 million individuals).<ref name="ncaer.org">{{cite web|url=http://demo.ncaer.org/downloads/MediaClips/Press/businesstandard-arvindsingal.pdf|author=Arvind Singhal|title=Arvind Singhal: A market at the bottom of the pyramid?|date=28 August 2008|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Suresh Tendulkar]] Committee set up to look into the people living under the poverty line in India submitted its report in November 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://planningcommission.gov.in/eg_poverty.htm |title=Expert Group on Methodology for Estimation of Poverty |publisher=Planning Commission |access-date=2017-10-21}}</ref> It provided a new method of calculating the poverty line based on per capita consumption expenditure per month or day. For rural areas, it was Rs 816 per month or Rs 27 per day. For urban areas, it was Rs 1000 per month or Rs 33 per day. Using this methodology, the population below the poverty line in 2009–2010 was 354 million (29.6% of the population) and that in 2011–2012 was 269 million (21.9% of the population).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=81151 |title=Poverty Estimates for 2009–10 |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |access-date=2017-10-21}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Reserve Bank of India (2012)====<br />
In its annual report of 2012, the [[Reserve Bank of India]] named the state of [[Goa]] as having the least poverty of 5.09% while the national average stood at 21.92%<ref name=rbi2192>{{cite web|url=http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=15283|title=Number and Percentage of Population Below Poverty Line|year=2012|publisher=Reserve Bank of India|access-date=4 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407102043/http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=15283|archive-date=7 April 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The table below presents the poverty statistics for rural, urban and combined percentage below poverty line (BPL) for each State or Union Territory.<ref name=rbi2192/> The <span style="background:#fcc;">highest</span> poverty statistics for each category column is coloured light red and the <span style="background:#2cc;">lowest</span> poverty statistics for each category column is coloured light Blue in the table below.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;text-align: right"<br />
|-<br />
! State or Union Territory<br />
! No. of Persons<br />(Thousands) Rural<br />
! % of Persons (Rural)<br />below poverty line<br />
! Poverty line (Rs)/month (Rural)<br />
! No. of Persons<br />(Thousands) Urban<br />
! % of Persons (Urban)<br />below poverty line<br />
! Poverty line (Rs)/month (Urban)<br />
! No. of Persons<br />(Thousands) Combined<br />
! % of Persons (Combined)<br />below poverty line<br />
|-<br />
| [[Andhra Pradesh]] || 6180 ||10.96|| 860.00|| 1698|| 5.81|| 1009.00|| 7878 ||9.20<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]|| 425|| 38.93|| 930.00|| 66 ||20.33|| 1060.00|| 491|| 34.67<br />
|-<br />
| [[Assam]] ||9206 ||33.89 ||828.00 ||921|| 30.49|| 1008.00 ||10127 ||31.98<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bihar]]|| 32040|| 34.06 ||778.00|| 3775 ||31.23|| 923.00|| 35815 ||33.74<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chhattisgarh]] ||8890 ||44.61|| 738.00|| 1522|| 24.75 ||style="background:#fcc;"|849.00|| 10411|| style="background:#fcc;"|39.93<br />
|-<br />
| [[Goa]] || 37|| 6.81|| 1090.00|| 38 || 4.09|| 1134.00|| 75|| 5.09<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gujarat]] || 7535|| 21.50 || 932.00 || 2688 || 10.14 || 1152.00 || 10223 || 16.63<br />
|-<br />
| [[Haryana]] || 1942 || 11.64 || 1015.00 || 941 || 10.28 || 1169.00 || 2883 || 11.16<br />
|-<br />
| [[Himachal Pradesh]] || 529 || 8.48 || 913.00 || 30 || 4.33 || 1064.00 || 559 || 8.06<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu & Kashmir]] || 1073 || 11.54 || 891.00 || 253 || 7.20 || 988.00 || 1327 || 10.35<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jharkhand]] || 10409 || 40.84 || 748.00 || 2024 || 24.83 || 974.00 || 12433 || 36.96<br />
|-<br />
| [[Karnataka]] || 9280 || 24.53 || 902.00 || 3696 || 15.25 || 1089.00 || 12976 || 20.91<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kerala]] || 1548 || 9.14 || 1018.00 || 846 || 4.97 || 987.00 || 2395 || 7.05<br />
|-<br />
| [[Madhya Pradesh]] || 19095 || 35.74 || 771.00 || 4310 || 21.00 || 897.00 || 23406 || 31.65<br />
|-<br />
| [[Maharashtra]] || 15056 || 24.22 || 967.00 || 4736 || 9.12 || 1126.00 || 19792 || 17.35<br />
|-<br />
| [[Manipur]] || 745 || 38.80 || 1118.00 || 278 || style="background:#fcc;"|32.59 || 1170.00 || 1022 || 36.89<br />
|-<br />
| [[Meghalaya]] || 304 || 12.53 || 888.00 || 57 || 9.26 || 1154.00 || 361 || 11.87<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mizoram]] || 191 || 35.43 || 1066.00 || 37 || 6.36 || 1155.00 || 227 || 20.40<br />
|-<br />
| [[Nagaland]] || 276 || 19.93 || 1270.00 || 100 || 16.48 || 1302.00 || 376 || 18.88<br />
|-<br />
| [[Odisha]] || 12614 || 35.69 || style="background:#fcc;"|695.00 || 1239 || 17.29 || 861.00 || 13853 || 32.59<br />
|-<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] || 1335 || 7.66 || 1054.00 || 982 || 9.24 || 1155.00 || 2318 || 8.26<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rajasthan]] || 8419 || 16.05 || 905.00 || 1873 || 10.69 || 1002.00 || 10292 || 14.72<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sikkim]] || 45 || 9.85 || 930.00 || 6 || 3.66 || 1226.00 || 51 || 8.19<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tamil Nadu]] || 5923 || 15.83 || 880.00 || 2340 || 6.54 || 937.00 || 8263 || 11.28<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tripura]] || 449 || 16.53 || 798.00 || 75 || 7.42 || 920.00 || 524 || 14.05<br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]] || style="background:#fcc;"|47935 || 30.40 || 768.00 || style="background:#fcc;"| 11884 || 26.06 || 941.00 || style="background:#fcc;"|59819 || 29.43<br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttarakhand]] || 825 || 11.62 || 880.00 || 335 || 10.48 || 1082.00 || 1160 || 11.26<br />
|-<br />
| [[West Bengal]] || 14114 || 22.52 || 783.00 || 4383 || 14.66 || 981.00 || 18498 || 19.98<br />
|-<br />
| [[Andaman & Nicobar Islands]] || 4 || 1.57 || – || style="background:#2cc;"| 0 || style="background:#2cc;"|0.00 || – || 4 || style="background:#2cc;"|1.00<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chandigarh]] || style="background:#2cc;"|0 || style="background:#2cc;"|0.00 || – || 234 || 22.31 || – || 235 || 21.81<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dadra & Nagar Haveli]] || 115 || style="background:#fcc;"|62.59 || – || 28 || 15.38 || – || 143 || 39.31<br />
|-<br />
| [[Daman and Diu]] || style="background:#2cc;"|0 || style="background:#2cc;"|0.00 || – || 26 || 12.62 || – || 26 || 9.86<br />
|-<br />
| [[Delhi]] || 50 || 12.92 || 1145.00 || 1646 || 9.84 || 1134.00 || 1696 || 9.91<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lakshadweep]] || style="background:#2cc;"|0 || style="background:#2cc;"|0.00 || – || style="background:#2cc;"|2 || style="background:#2cc;"| 3.44 || – || style="background:#2cc;"|2 || 2.77<br />
|-<br />
| [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] || 69 || 17.06 || style="background:#2cc;"| 1301.00 || 55 || 6.30 || style="background:#2cc;"| 1309.00 || 124 || 9.69<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[India]]''' || '''216658''' || '''25.70''' || '''816.00''' || '''53125''' || '''13.70''' || '''1000.00''' || '''269783''' || '''21.92'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====2010s====<br />
The [[World Bank Group|World Bank]] has reviewed its poverty definition and calculation methodologies several times over the last 25 years. In early 1990s, The World Bank anchored absolute poverty line as $1 per day. This was revised in 1993, and the absolute poverty line was set at $1.08 a day for all countries on a [[purchasing power parity]] (PPP) basis, after adjusting for inflation to the 1993 US dollar. In 2005, after extensive studies of the cost of living across the world, The World Bank raised the measure for global poverty line to reflect the observed higher cost of living.<ref name=mrwb>{{cite web|title=Dollar a Day Revisited|publisher=The World Bank|year=2008|author=Martin Ravallion, Shaohua Chen and Prem Sangraula|url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2008/09/02/000158349_20080902095754/Rendered/PDF/wps4620.pdf}}</ref> Thereafter, the World Bank determined poverty rates from those living on less than US$1.25 per day on 2005 PPP basis, a measure that has been widely used in media and scholarly circles.<br />
<br />
In May 2014, after revisiting its poverty definition, methodology and economic changes around the world, the World Bank proposed another major revision to PPP calculation methodology, international poverty line and indexing it to 2011 US dollar.<ref name=sd2014/> The new method proposes setting poverty line at $1.78 per day on 2011 PPP basis. According to this revised World Bank methodology, India had 179.6 million people below the new poverty line, China had 137.6 million, and the world had 872.3 million people below the new poverty line on an equivalent basis as of 2013. India, in other words, while having 17.5% of total world's population, had 20.6% share of world's poor.<ref name=cnk2014>{{cite web|author=Homi Kharas|author2=Laurence Chandy|url=http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/up-front/posts/2014/05/05-data-extreme-poverty-chandy-kharas|title=What Do New Price Data Mean for the Goal of Ending Extreme Poverty?|publisher=Brookings Institution|place=Washington D.C.|date=5 May 2014|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref><ref name=sd2014/> In October 2015, the World Bank updated the international poverty line to US$1.90 a day.<br />
<br />
The [[C. Rangarajan|Rangarajan]] Committee set up to look into the poverty line estimation in India submitted its report in June 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=108291 |title=Rangarajan Report on Poverty |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |access-date=2017-10-21}}</ref> It amended the calculation of the poverty line based on per capita consumption expenditure per month or day given by the Tendulkar Committee.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/Rangarajan-defends-poverty-estimates/article11257188.ece |title=Rangarajan defends poverty estimates |work=The Hindu |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=2017-10-21}}</ref> The new poverty threshold for rural areas was fixed at Rs 972 per month or Rs 32 per day. For urban areas, it was fixed at Rs 1407 per month or Rs 47 per day. Under this methodology, the population below the poverty line in 2009–2010 was 454 million (38.2% of the population) and that in 2011–2012 was 363 million (29.5% of the population).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/rangarajan-panel-report-poverty-line-suresh-tendulkar-committee-199551-2014-07-07 |title=Three out of ten in India are poor, says Rangarajan panel report |date=7 July 2014 |publisher=India Today |access-date=2017-10-21}}</ref><br />
<br />
From November 2017, the [[World Bank]] started reporting poverty rates for all countries using two new international poverty lines: a "lower middle-income" line set at $3.20 per day and an "upper middle-income" line set at $5.50 per day. These are in addition to the earlier poverty line of $1.90 per day. The new lines are supposed to serve two purposes. One, they account for the fact that achieving the same set of capabilities may need a different set of goods and services in different countries and, specifically, a costlier set in richer countries. Second, they allow for cross-country comparisons and benchmarking both within and across developing regions. India falls in the lower middle-income category. Using the $3.20 per day poverty line, the percentage of the population living in poverty in India (2011) was 60%. This means that 763 million people in India were living below this poverty line in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Resource Watch |url=https://resourcewatch.org/data/explore/soc101?section=Discover&selectedCollection=&zoom=2.643147855194031&lat=16.649601015000737&lng=66.7987063530954&pitch=0&bearing=0&basemap=dark&labels=light&layers=%255B%257B%2522dataset%2522%253A%25228711d841-8421-4fcb-8ee2-881e573856e0%2522%252C%2522opacity%2522%253A1%252C%2522layer%2522%253A%2522b2a180f2-869f-4478-8bb0-e0548e62973f%2522%257D%255D&aoi=&page=1&sort=most-viewed&sortDirection=-1 |website=resourcewatch.org |access-date=17 March 2022 |language=en }}</ref><br />
<br />
====2020s====<br />
<br />
The [[Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation]] conducted the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) during August 2022 to July 2023 and the factsheet was published on 24 February 2024.<ref>{{cite news|title=After a 11-year gap, Centre discloses key consumption expenditure survey data|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/after-11-years-household-consumption-expenditure-survey-findings-released/article67882939.ece|work=The Hindu|date=24 February 2024 |accessdate=10 May 2024 |last1=Dhoot |first1=Vikas }}</ref> This survey on household consumption expenditure was aimed at generating estimates of household Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE) and its distribution separately for rural and urban areas.<ref>{{cite web|title=Per-capita Monthly Household Consumption Expenditure more than doubled during 2011-12 to 2022-23|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2008737|publisher=Press Information Bureau, India|accessdate=10 May 2024}}</ref> The below table shows the average MPCE (in rupees) across fractile classes (all-India) in 2022-23:<ref>{{cite web|title=Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022-23|url=https://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Factsheet_HCES_2022-23.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, India|accessdate=10 May 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;text-align: center"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fractile class of MPCE <br />
! rowspan="1" colspan="2" | Average MPCE in rupees <br/>(with imputation*)<br />
! rowspan="1" colspan="2" | Average MPCE in rupees <br/>(without imputation)<br />
|-<br />
! Rural<br />
! Urban<br />
! Rural<br />
! Urban<br />
|-<br />
| 0-5% || 1,441 || 2,087 || 1,373 || 2,001 <br />
|-<br />
| 5-10% || 1,864 || 2,695 || 1,782 || 2,607 <br />
|-<br />
| 10-20% || 2,196 || 3,241 || 2,112 || 3,157 <br />
|-<br />
| 20-30% || 2,540 || 3,839 || 2,454 || 3,762 <br />
|-<br />
| 30-40% || 2,856 || 4,422 || 2,768 || 4,348 <br />
|-<br />
| 40-50% || 3,183 || 5,032 || 3,094 || 4,963 <br />
|-<br />
| 50-60% || 3,545 || 5,726 || 3,455 || 5,662 <br />
|-<br />
| 60-70% || 3,978 || 6,579 || 3,887 || 6,524 <br />
|-<br />
| 70-80% || 4,551 || 7,721 || 4,458 || 7,673 <br />
|-<br />
| 80-90% || 5,447 || 9,625 || 5,356 || 9,582 <br />
|-<br />
| 90-95% || 6,725 || 12,430 || 6,638 || 12,399 <br />
|-<br />
| 95-100% || 10,581 ||20,846 || 10,501 || 20,824 <br />
|-<br />
| '''All classes''' || '''3,860''' || '''6,521''' || '''3,773''' || '''6,459''' <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<small>*Imputation includes quantity of consumption for a number of items, received and consumed free of cost through various social welfare programmes.</small><br />
<br />
Based on the above consumption expenditure survey, a [[State Bank of India]] report stated that rural poverty was 7.2% and urban poverty was 4.6% in 2022-23 with a new consumption expenditure-based ''poverty line'' for India of Rs 1,622 per person per month for rural areas and Rs 1,929 per person per month for urban areas in India based on the recommendations of the Suresh Tendulkar committee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Poverty rate in India between 4.5-5% in 2022-23; rural poverty at 7.2%: SBI|url=https://www.business-standard.com/economy/news/poverty-rate-in-india-between-4-5-5-in-2022-23-rural-poverty-at-7-2-sbi-124022800287_1.html|publisher=Business Standard|accessdate=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SBI Research|url=https://sbi.co.in/documents/13958/36530824/270224-HCES_Feb24.pdf|publisher=State Bank of India|accessdate=10 May 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Semi-economic measures of poverty====<br />
Other measures such as the semi-economic [[Multi-dimensional Poverty Index]] (MPI), which places 33% weight on education and number of schooling years in its definition of poverty, and places 6.25% weight on income and assets owned, suggests there were 650 million people (53.7% of population) living in MPI-poverty in India.<ref name=ophimpi>{{cite web|url=http://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/India.pdf?cda6c1|work=Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative|title=Country Briefing: India, Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) At a Glance|access-date=16 August 2017|archive-date=4 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904080006/https://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/India.pdf?cda6c1|url-status=dead}}</ref> 421 million of MPI-defined poor are concentrated in eight [[North India]]n and [[East India]]n states of [[Bihar]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Odisha|Orissa]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[West Bengal]]. The table below presents this semi-economic poverty among the states of India based on the Multi-dimensional Poverty Index, using a small sample survey data for Indian states in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Country-Brief-India.pdf|title=Country Briefing: India|year=2010|publisher=Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative|access-date=14 June 2011|archive-date=10 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510062207/http://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Country-Brief-India.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;text-align: right"<br />
|-<br />
! MPI rank<br />
! States<br />
! Population (in millions) 2007<br />
! MPI<br />
! Proportion of MPI-poor<br />
! Average intensity<br />
! Contribution to overall MPI-poverty<br />
! Number of MPI poor (in millions)<br />
|-<br />
| — || style="text-align:left;"| India || 1,164.7 || 0.296 || 55.4% || 53.5% || – || 645.0<br />
|-<br />
| 1 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Kerala]] || 35.0 || 0.065 || 15.9% || 40.9% || 0.6% || 5.6<br />
|-<br />
| 2 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Goa]] || 1.6 || 0.094 || 21.7% || 43.4% || 0.0% || 0.4<br />
|-<br />
| 3 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] || 27.1 || 0.120 || 26.2% || 46.0% || 1.0% || 7.1<br />
|-<br />
| 4 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Himachal Pradesh]] || 6.7 || 0.131 || 31.0% || 42.3% || 0.3% || 2.1<br />
|-<br />
| 5 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Tamil Nadu]] || 68.0 || 0.141 || 32.4% || 43.6% || 2.6% || 22.0<br />
|-<br />
| 6 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Uttarakhand]] || 9.6 || 0.189 || 40.3% || 46.9% || 0.5% || 3.9<br />
|-<br />
| 7 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Maharashtra]] || 108.7 || 0.193 || 40.1% || 48.1% || 6.0% || 43.6<br />
|-<br />
| 8 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Haryana]] || 24.1 || 0.199 || 41.6% || 47.9% || 1.3% || 10.0<br />
|-<br />
| 9 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Gujarat]] || 98.3 || 0.205 || 21.5% || 49.2% || 0.4% || 0.8<br />
|-<br />
| 10 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] || 12.2 || 0.209 || 43.8% || 47.7% || 0.7% || 5.4<br />
|-<br />
| 11 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Andhra Pradesh]] || 83.9 || 0.211 || 44.7% || 47.1% || 5.1% || 37.5<br />
|-<br />
| 12 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Karnataka]] || 58.6 || 0.223 || 46.1% || 48.3% || 4.2% || 27.0<br />
|-<br />
| 13 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Northeast India|Northeast Indian States]] || 44.2 || 0.303 || 57.6% || 52.5% || 4.0% || 25.5<br />
|-<br />
| 14 || style="text-align:left;"| [[West Bengal]] || 89.5 || 0.317 || 58.3% || 54.3% || 8.5% || 52.2<br />
|-<br />
| 15 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Orissa]] || 40.7 || 0.345 || 64.0% || 54.0% || 4.3% || 26.0<br />
|-<br />
| 16 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Rajasthan]] || 65.4 || 0.351 || 64.2% || 54.7% || 7.0% || 41.9<br />
|-<br />
| 17 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Uttar Pradesh]] || 192.6 || 0.386 || 69.9% || 55.2% || 21.3% || 134.7<br />
|-<br />
| 18 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Chhattisgarh]] || 23.9 || 0.387 || 71.9% || 53.9% || 2.9% || 17.2<br />
|-<br />
| 19 || style="text-align:left;"| Madhya Pradesh || 70.0 || 0.389 || 69.5% || 56.0% || 8.5% || 48.6<br />
|-<br />
| 20 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Jharkhand]] || 30.5 || 0.463 || 77.0% || 60.2% || 4.2% || 23.5<br />
|-<br />
| 21 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Bihar]] || 95.0 || 0.499 || 81.4% || 61.3% || 13.5% || 77.3<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Other estimates==<br />
According to a 2011 poverty Development Goals Report, as many as 320 million people in India and China are expected to come out of extreme poverty in the next four years, with India's poverty rate projected to drop from 51% in 1990 to about 22% in 2015.<ref name=indiatimes1>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/9152344.cms|title=India's poverty will fall from 51% to 22% by 2015: UN report|work=[[The Times of India]]|agency=PTI|date=8 July 2011|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref> The report also indicates that in Southern Asia, only India is on track to cut poverty by half by the 2015 target date.<ref name=indiatimes1/><br />
In 2015, according to United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MGD) programme, India has already achieved the target of reducing poverty by half, with 24.7% of its 1.2 billion people in 2011 living below the poverty line or having income of less than $1.25 a day, the U.N. report said. The same figure was 49.4% in 1994. India had set a target of 23.9% to be achieved by 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-IRTB-28254|title=India Hits Its U.N. Poverty-Cutting Target, but Misses Others|author=Vibhuti Agarwal|work=Wall Street Journal |date=5 February 2015|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
According to Global Wealth Report 2016<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.credit-suisse.com/us/en/about-us/research/research-institute/news-and-videos/articles/news-and-expertise/2016/11/en/the-global-wealth-report-2016.html|title=Global Wealth Report 2016|work=[[Credit Suisse Research Institute]]|access-date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123054643/https://www.credit-suisse.com/us/en/about-us/research/research-institute/news-and-videos/articles/news-and-expertise/2016/11/en/the-global-wealth-report-2016.html|archive-date=23 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> compiled by Credit Suisse Research Institute, India is the second most unequal country in the world with the top one per cent of the population owning 58% of the total wealth.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-second-unequal-country-in-the-world-wealth-report/story-MGIa7MbWAdzhKFvwhtiIeI.html|title=India second most unequal country in the world: Wealth Report|date=24 November 2016|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
According to the [[World Food Programme]], around 21.25% of India's population live on less than US$1.90 a day. The WFP also says that India is home to a quarter of the world's undernourished people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India {{!}} World Food Programme |url=https://www.wfp.org/countries/india |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=www.wfp.org |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
;Global Hunger Index<br />
[[Global Hunger Index]] (GHI) is an index that places a third of weight on proportion of the population that is estimated to be undernourished, a third on the estimated prevalence of low body weight to height ratio in children younger than five, and remaining third weight on the proportion of children dying before the age of five for any reason. According to 2011 GHI report, India has improved its performance by 22% in 20 years, from 30.4 to 23.7 over 1990 to 2011 period.<ref>{{cite web |title=2011 Global Hunger Index Report|url=http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi11.pdf |publisher= [[International Food Policy Research Institute]] (IFPRI)|pages=12, 49}}</ref> However, its performance from 2001 to 2011 has shown little progress, with just 3% improvement. A sharp reduction in the percentage of underweight children has helped India improve its hunger record on the Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2014. India now ranks 55 among 76 emerging economies. Between 2005 and 2014, the prevalence of underweight children under the age of five fell from 43.5% to 30.7%.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/rUGpGL9KeroKGBf0xQw4kK/India-betters-its-rank-in-Global-Hunger-Index.html|title=India betters its rank in Global Hunger Index|author=Sayantan Bera|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|date=13 October 2014|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''Poverty: 2011–2012 Percentage of people by Caste'''<ref name=PPbyCaste>{{cite web|url=http://indianeconomy.columbia.edu:80/sites/default/files/working_papers/working_paper_2013-02-final.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309044717/http://indianeconomy.columbia.edu:80/sites/default/files/working_papers/working_paper_2013-02-final.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-03-09|title=Working Paper No. 2013-02.Poverty by Social, Religious & EconomicGroups in India and Its Largest States1993-94 to 2011–12 (Pages 6–7)}}</ref><br />
<br />
Findings below are based on a survey conducted during 2011–12. <br />
Total population of India then: 1,276,267,631<br />
<br />
''Caste-wise population distribution:''<ref name=PPbyCaste/><br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Caste!!% of total population!!No. of People<br />
|-<br />
|FC||28.0%||357M<br />
|-<br />
|OBC||44.1%||563M<br />
|-<br />
|SC||19.0%||242M<br />
|-<br />
|ST||8.9%||114M<br />
|-<br />
|Total||100%||1276M<br />
|}<br />
<br />
''Poverty in India based on caste:''<ref name=PPbyCaste/><br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Caste!!% of Poverty (intra-caste)!!No. of People!!% of Poverty in total population<br />
|-<br />
|FC||12.5%||44.6M||3.5%<br />
|-<br />
|OBC||20.7%||116.5M||9.1%<br />
|-<br />
|SC||29.4%||71.2M||5.8%<br />
|-<br />
|ST||43.0%||49.0M||3.8%<br />
|-<br />
|Total||-||281M||22%<br />
|}<br />
<br />
From the above 2 tables, we could derive the following to see if the distribution of poverty follows as that of the total population:<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Caste!!% of total population!!Poverty % over poverty population<br />
|-<br />
|FC||28.0%||15.9%<br />
|-<br />
|OBC||44.1%||41.4%<br />
|-<br />
|SC||19.0%||25.3%<br />
|-<br />
|ST||8.9%||17.4%<br />
|}<br />
----<br />
<br />
''Poverty in India based on Social and Religious Classes:''<br />
The Sachar Committee looked at the Poverty by Social and Religious Classes<ref>[http://www.minorityaffairs.gov.in/sites/default/files/sachar_comm.pdf Social, Economic, and Educational Status of the Muslim Community in India] Retrieved 16 August 2017.</ref><br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Social and Religious Class!!Percentage of Living in Poverty<br />
|-<br />
|Urban Hindus||20.4%<br />
|-<br />
|Urban Hindu General||8.3%<br />
|-<br />
|Urban Hindu OBC||25.1%<br />
|-<br />
|Urban Hindu SC/ST||36.4%<br />
|-<br />
|Urban Muslims||38.4%<br />
|-<br />
|Urban Other Minorities||12.2%<br />
|-<br />
|Rural Hindus||22.6%<br />
|-<br />
|Rural Hindu General||9.0%<br />
|-<br />
|Rural Hindu OBC||19.5%<br />
|-<br />
|Rural Hindu SC/ST||34.8%<br />
|-<br />
|Rural Muslims||26.9%<br />
|-<br />
|Rural Other Minorities||14.3%<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Reduction in poverty==<br />
Since the 1950s, the [[Government of India|Indian government]] and non-governmental organisations have initiated several programs to alleviate poverty, including [[Subsidised|subsidising]] food and other necessities, increased access to loans, improving agricultural techniques and price supports, promoting education, and [[family planning]]. These measures have helped eliminate [[Famine in India|famine]]s, cut [[absolute poverty]] levels by more than half, and reduced [[illiteracy]] and [[malnutrition]].<br />
<br />
Although the [[Economy of India|Indian economy]] has grown steadily over the last two decades, its growth has been uneven when comparing social groups, economic groups, geographic regions, and rural and urban areas.<ref name="World bank 2006">{{cite web |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/DPR_FullReport.pdf|title=Inclusive Growth and Service delivery: Building on India's Success|publisher=[[World Bank]]|year=2006|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://54pesos.org/2010/09/28/how-lack-or-poor-infrastructure-shapes-inequality-and-poverty-in-supernations-a-lesson-from-india/ |author= Luis Flores Ballesteros |title= How lack or poor infrastructure shapes inequality and poverty in supernations. A lesson from India" 54 Pesos Sep. 2010:54 Pesos 28 Sep 2010 |website= 54pesos.org |date= 28 September 2010 |access-date= 16 October 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111003182025/http://54pesos.org/2010/09/28/how-lack-or-poor-infrastructure-shapes-inequality-and-poverty-in-supernations-a-lesson-from-india/ |archive-date= 3 October 2011 |url-status= dead |df= dmy-all }}</ref> For the year 2015–16, the GSDP growth rates of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Bihar]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] was higher than [[Maharashtra]], [[Odisha]] or [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite news|title=AP stands 1st in India in GSDP growth rate|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/AP-stands-1st-in-India-in-GSDP-growth-rate/articleshow/52709609.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|agency=TNN|date=12 June 2016|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref> Though GDP growth rate matters a lot economically, the debate is moving towards another consensus in India, where unhealthy infatuation with GDP growth matters less and holistic development or all-inclusive growth matters more.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Borooah|first1=Vani K.|last2=Diwakar|first2=Dilip|last3=Mishra|first3=Vinod Kumar|last4=Naik|first4=Ajaya Kumar|last5=Sabharwal|first5=Nidhi S.|title=Caste, inequality, and poverty in India: a reassessment|journal=Development Studies Research |volume=1|issue=1|pages=279–294|doi=10.1080/21665095.2014.967877|year=2014|doi-access=free}}</ref> While India may well be on the path to eradicating extreme poverty, it still lags well behind in other important development indicators, even in comparison to some of its neighbouring countries, especially in regard to health and education.<ref>{{cite news |title=Good progress with further room for improvement|url=https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/how-well-india-doing-terms-fighting-poverty-depends-what-yardstick-applied|author=Roli Mahajan|work=D+C, development and cooperation |date=20 October 2018 |access-date=5 February 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Despite significant economic progress, one quarter of the nation's population earns less than the government-specified [[poverty threshold]] of {{INR}}32 per day (approximately {{USD}} 0.6).<ref name="india_official_poverty">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/oct/04/india-measuring-poverty-line|title=India's official poverty line|work=The Guardian|location=London|author=Jayati Ghosh|date=4 October 2011|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
According to the 2001 census, 35.5% of Indian households used banking services, 35.1% owned a radio or transistor, 31.6% a television, 9.1% a phone, 43.7% a bicycle, 11.7% a scooter, motorcycle or a [[moped]], and 2.5% a car, jeep or van; 34.5% of the households had none of these assets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://urbandia.nic.in/moud/theministry/subordinateoff/tcpo/REPORTON_BANKINGSERVICES/CHAPTER-1.pdf|title=Households Availing Banking Services with Households in India|year=2001|publisher=Town and Country Planning Organisation, Ministry of Urban Affairs|access-date=31 July 2009}} {{Dead link|date=August 2017}}</ref> As part of creating the capacity to give access to individuals who are still outside the scope of financial services, [[Confederation of Indian Industry]]'s president [[Sanjiv Bajaj]] called for additional new banks and [[non-banking financial companies]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Creating international champions: Bajaj Finserv's Sanjiv Bajaj lays out his vision for India's future |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/creating-international-champions-bajaj-finservs-sanjiv-bajaj-lays-out-his-vision-for-indias-future/articleshow/93583933.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-11-29}}</ref><br />
<br />
According to Department of Telecommunications of India, the phone density reached 73.34% by December 2012 and as an annual growth decreased by −4.58%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dot.gov.in/network2013|title=Department of Telecom, memo Feb 2013|year=2013|publisher=Department of Telecommunication of India}}{{Dead link|date=August 2017}}</ref> This tallies with the fact that a family of four with an annual income of {{INRConvert|137000}} could afford some of these luxury items.<br />
<br />
The World Bank's Global Monitoring Report for 2014–15 on the Millennium Development Goals says India has been the biggest contributor to poverty reduction between 2008 and 2011, with around 140 million or so lifted out of absolute poverty.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xrATLLP8ojKEVEQgJV0UxJ/The-World-Bank-on-Indias-poverty.html|title=The World Bank on India's poverty|author=Manas Chakravarty|date=13 October 2014|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
India's rapid economic growth rate since 1991 is one of the main reasons for a record decline in poverty.<ref name=bnp2013>Bhagwati & Panagariya (2013), Why Growth Matters: How Economic Growth in India Reduced Poverty and the Lessons for Other Developing Countries, Public Affairs, {{ISBN|978-1610393737}}</ref><ref name=ssaa>Swaminathan S. Anklesaria Aiyar, [http://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/dpa13.pdf The Elephant That Became a Tiger: 20 Years of Economic Reform in India] Cato Institute (20 July 2011). Retrieved 16 August 2017.</ref><ref>Ravallion & Datt (2002), Why has economic growth been more pro-poor in some states of India than others?, Journal of development economics, 68(2), 381–400</ref> Another reason proposed is India's launch of social welfare programs such as the [[Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act]] (MGNREGA) and the [[Midday Meal Scheme]] in government schools.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Suman |first1=Santosh Kumar |title=Relevance of MGNREGA in India |journal=AEBM |volume=3 |issue=7 |pages=781–783 |url=https://www.krishisanskriti.org/vol_image/01Dec20200712192016%20Vol%203%20Issue%207%20July-September%20AEBM%20Paper%203.pdf |access-date=17 March 2022 |publisher=Krishi Sanskriti Publications |language=English |archive-date=11 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250311175643/https://www.krishisanskriti.org/vol_image/01Dec20200712192016%20Vol%203%20Issue%207%20July-September%20AEBM%20Paper%203.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In a 2012 study, Klonner and Oldiges, concluded that MGNREGA helps reduce rural poverty gap (intensity of rural poverty) and seasonal poverty, but not overall poverty.<ref>Klonner and Oldiges, [http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/md/sai/wiw/team/klonner/klonner__oldiges__2012.pdf Employment Guarantee and its Welfare E§ects in India] [[University of Heidelberg]], (September 2012)</ref><ref>Klonner and Oldiges, [http://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/archiv/16875 Safety Net for India's Poor or Waste of Public Funds? Poverty and Welfare in the Wake of the World's Largest Job Guarantee Program] University of Heidelberg, Germany (May 2014)</ref> However, there is a disturbing side, as deprivation has tended to increase, and that too among the most deprived sections. According to the latest statistics published by the Census of India, among scheduled tribes, 44.7% of people were farmers working on their own land in 2001; however, this number came down to 34.5% in 2011. Among scheduled castes, this number declined from 20% to 14.8% during the same period. This data is corroborated by other data from the census, which also says that the number of people who were working on others' land (landless laborers), increased from 36.9% in 2001 to 44.4% among scheduled castes SC and from 45.6% to 45.9% among scheduled tribes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/368397/depriving-poor.html|author=Ashwani Mahajan|title=Depriving the poor|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=12 November 2013|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
India has achieved annual growth exceeding 7 percent over the last 15 years and continues to pull millions of people out of poverty, according to the World Bank. The country has halved its poverty rate over the past three decades and has seen strong improvements in most human development outcomes, a report by the international financial institution has found. Growth is expected to continue and the elimination of extreme poverty in the next decade is within reach, said the bank, which warned that the country's development trajectory faces considerable challenges.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://worldpoverty.io|title=World Poverty Clock|access-date = 17 March 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
According to the World Bank’s Spring 2025 ''Poverty and Equity Brief'', approximately 171 million people in India moved out of extreme poverty between 2011 and 2023, with the poverty rate declining from 16.2% to 2.3% based on the international poverty line of $2.15 per day. The report attributed this reduction to sustained economic growth and a range of targeted government initiatives. These included the [[Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana]], which expanded financial inclusion through over 550 million bank accounts, and the [[Aadhaar]] digital ID system, which enabled more efficient welfare distribution to over 1.42 billion individuals, saving ₹3.48 lakh crore by March 2023 through Direct Benefit Transfers. Health access was improved under the Ayushman Bharat scheme, which provides ₹5 lakh in annual health insurance and had issued over 410 million health cards. Additional programs such as [[Stand-Up India]] and PM Vishwakarma Yojana supported entrepreneurship among marginalized groups and artisans through loans and training, while the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY) ensured food security for more than 800 million people.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-05 |title=World Bank: India ranks 4th in income equality, ahead of US and China; 171 million lifted out of extreme poverty |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/world-bank-india-ranks-4th-in-income-equality-ahead-of-us-and-china-171-million-lifted-out-of-extreme-poverty/articleshow/122268140.cms |access-date=2025-07-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
==UN==<br />
According to a United Nations report on 12 July 2023, India lifted approximately 415 million individuals out of poverty between 2005/2006 and 2019/2021. The United Nations reported that 25 nations, including India, achieved a remarkable milestone by reducing their global MPI (Multidimensional Poverty Index) values by half within a span of 15 years. Additionally, the report highlighted that India experienced a reduction in deprivation across all indicators, with notable progress seen among the most impoverished states and marginalised populations, including children and disadvantaged caste groups.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-11 |title=India registers remarkable reduction in poverty; 415 million exit in 15 years |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/india-registers-remarkable-reduction-in-poverty-415-million-people-out-of-poverty-level-in-just-15-years-un-11689055801549.html |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}<br />
;Economic and socio-economic<br />
*[[Economy of India]]<br />
*[[Income in India]]<br />
*[[India State Hunger Index]]<br />
*[[List of Indian states and union territories by poverty rate|Poverty rate by state]]<br />
*[[Labour in India]]<br />
*[[Social issues in India]]<br />
*[[Hawker (trade)]]<br />
*[[Debt bondage in India]]<br />
<br />
;Housing<br />
*[[Illegal housing in India]]<br />
*[[List of slums in India]]<br />
*[[Housing in India]]<br />
*[[Pavement dwellers]]<br />
*[[Street children in India]]<br />
<br />
;Utilities<br />
*[[Electricity sector in India]]<br />
*[[Manual scavenging]]<br />
*[[Water supply and sanitation in India]]<br />
<br />
;Corruption<br />
*[[Corruption in India]]<br />
*[[Indian black money]]<br />
<br />
;Other<br />
*[[Family planning in India]]<br />
*[[Malnutrition in India]]<br />
*[[Women in agriculture in India]]<br />
<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Breman |first1=Jan |display-authors=etal |author1-link=Jan Breman |title=The Social Question in the Twenty-First Century: A Global View |date=2019 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Oakland, California |isbn=978-0520302402 |url=https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520302402/the-social-question-in-the-twenty-first-century |access-date= |chapter=Chapter 6: A Mirage of Welfare: How the Social Question in India Got Aborted|doi=10.1525/luminos.74.g|s2cid=230116593 }}<br />
* {{cite web |title=Poverty in India |url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/EXTSAREGTOPPOVRED/0,,contentMDK:20574067~menuPK:493447~pagePK:34004173~piPK:34003707~theSitePK:493441,00.html |publisher=World Bank |access-date=}}<br />
* {{cite web |title=Can India eradicate poverty? Will India's economic boom help the poor? |url=http://newsforums.bbc.co.uk/nol/thread.jspa?messageID=2279464&start=1605&tstart=0&&edition=2&ttl=20070217165339 |access-date= |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305021328/http://newsforums.bbc.co.uk/nol/thread.jspa?messageID=2279464&start=1605&tstart=0&&edition=2&ttl=20070217165339 |url-status=dead }}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Deaton |first1=A. |last2=Kozel |first2=V. |title=Data and Dogma: The Great Indian Poverty Debate |journal=The World Bank Research Observer |date=11 August 2005 |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=177–199 |doi=10.1093/wbro/lki009 |url=http://www.princeton.edu/~deaton/downloads/deaton_kozel_great_indian_poverty_debate_wbro_2005.pdf |access-date= |issn=0257-3032}}<br />
* {{cite web |title=World Hunger – India |url=http://www.wfp.org/country_brief/indexcountry.asp?country=356 |website= |access-date= |date=11 February 2009|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090211115315/http://www.wfp.org/country_brief/indexcountry.asp?country=356|archive-date = 11 February 2009}}<br />
*{{cite web |last1=George |first1=Abraham |author1-link=Abraham George |title=Why the Fight Against Poverty is Failing: A Contrarian View |url=http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/india/article.cfm?articleid=4114&specialid=1&CFID=1824805&CFTOKEN=37907590 |website=Wharton Business School Publications |access-date=}}<br />
* {{cite web |last1=Rohr |first1=Mathieu von |title=Poverty and riches in booming India |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,499166,00.html |website=Der Spiegel |access-date= |language=en |date=9 August 2007}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{Commons category-inline}}<br />
* {{cite web |title=Poverty in India 2 |url=http://gamma.nic.fi/~otammile/povindia.htm |access-date= |archive-date=24 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724090237/http://gamma.nic.fi/~otammile/povindia.htm |url-status=dead }}<br />
* {{cite web |last1=Tendulkar |first1=Suresh |title=Expert Group on Methodology for Estimation of Poverty |url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/eg_poverty.htm |access-date= |archive-date=26 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126062722/http://www.planningcommission.nic.in/eg_poverty.htm |url-status=dead }}<br />
* {{cite web |title=From poverty to empowerment: India's imperative for jobs, growth, and effective basic services |url=http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/asia-pacific/indias_path_from_poverty_to_empowerment |website=McKinsey Global Institute |access-date= |date=2013 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<br />
* {{cite book |title=Perspectives on Poverty in India |date=2013 |publisher=The World Bank |isbn=978-0-8213-8689-7 |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/2299/574280PUB0Pers1351B0Extop0ID0186890.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=}}<br />
*{{cite book |title=INDIA |date=2014 |publisher=International Monetary Fund |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2014/cr1458.pdf |access-date= |chapter=Chapter 4: DEFINING AND EXPLAINING INCLUSIVE GROWTH AND POVERTY}}<br />
<br />
{{Economy of India topics}}<br />
{{Social issues in India}}<br />
{{India topics}}<br />
{{Poverty}}<br />
{{Asia topic|Poverty in}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Poverty In India}}<br />
[[Category:Poverty in India| ]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krishnamraju%27s_Rebellion&diff=510848Krishnamraju's Rebellion2026-03-19T14:15:03Z<p>JerryGuerrero: Created a article w/ refs</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox military conflict<br />
| conflict = Krishnamraju's Rebellion <br />
| partof = Rebellion's In Andhra <br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| date = 1597–1598 A.D<br />
| place = [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]<br />
| result = [[Vijayanagar]] victory<br />
| territory = <br />
| combatant1 = {{Tree list}} [[Vijayanagar Empire]]<br />
** [[Matli Chiefs]]<br><br />
**[[Pemmasani Nayaks]]<br />
** Hande Nayaks {{Tree list/end}}<br />
| combatant2 = Chiefs of Nandyala<br>Chiefs of Kurnool<br />
| commander1 = [[Venkatapati Raya]]<br>[[Matla Ellamaraju]]<br>[[Matla Anantaraju]]<br>Pemmasani Timma Nayaka<br>Hande Devappa Nayaka <br />
| commander2 = Nandela Krishnamraju{{Surrender}}<br>Aravidu Gopalaraju{{Surrender}}<br />
| strength1 = <br />
| strength2 = <br />
| casualties1 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Krishnamraju’s Rebellion''' was an uprising against the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] during the reign of [[Venkatapati Raya]]. It began when Nandela Krishnamraju refused to pay tribute and openly declared his independence from [[Vijayanagara]] authority. He gathered forces and moved to resist the emperor meeting the Vijayanagara army near [[Jammalamadugu]] where his troops were defeated. Krishnamraju then withdrew into his fort of [[Nandyala]] which was closely besieged for several months. Realizing that further resistance was useless he surrendered and was taken captive to Chandragiri. His estates were confiscated and the rebellion was fully suppressed restoring [[Vijayanagara]] control over the region.<ref name="aps"/><ref name="bps"/><ref name="cps"/><ref name="dps"/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Raghunadha Rao |first=P. |url=http://archive.org/details/ancientmedievalh0000ragh |title=Ancient and medieval history of Andhra Pradesh |date=1993 |publisher=New Delhi : Sterling Publishers |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-81-207-1495-3|page=94}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Heras |first=H. |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.55644 |title=South India Under The Vijayanagar Empire Vol. 1 |date=1927|page=309}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sherwani |first=h k |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.142905 |title=History Of Medieval Deccan Vol-i 1295–1724 |date=1973|page=132}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
In 1597–98 [[Venkatapati Raya]] faced a serious rebellions in the [[Rayalaseema]] region led by several [[Kshatriya]] chiefs. The exact cause of the revolt is not clear, but it began when Nandela Krishnamaraju who had just succeeded his father Narasimharaju refused to pay tribute and openly declared independence from [[Vijayanagara]] authority. He was soon joined by Kondaraju Tirupatiraju the ruler of Pottapi and [[Siddavatam]] who seized the amaram villages held by the Matli family because of their loyalty to the emperor. Kandanavolu Gopalaraju the chief of [[Kurnool]] and grandson of Venkatadri the brother of [[Aliya Rama Raya]], also supported the rebels.<ref name="aps">{{Cite book |last=K A Nilakanta Sastri |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.280075 |title=Further Source Of Vijayanagara History Vol I 1946 By K A Nilakanta Sastri |date=1946|pages=319–320}}</ref><ref name="bps">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.06118 |title=Epigraphia Indica, Vol-37, Issue no.-1-57|pages=109–110}}</ref><ref name="cps">{{Cite book |last=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri |url=http://archive.org/details/K.A.NilakantaSastriBooks |title=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri Books |date=1935|pages=288}}</ref><ref name="dps">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/sanskritindologi0000unse |title=Sanskrit and Indological studies : Dr. V. Raghavan felicitation volume |date=1975 |publisher=Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-8426-0821-3|page=479}}</ref><ref name="ops">{{Cite book |last=K.A.Nilakanta Sastry |url=http://archive.org/details/FurtherSourcesOfVijayanagaraHistory |title=Further Sources Of Vijayanagara History |date=1946 |language=English|pages=269-270}}</ref><br />
==Rebellion==<br />
===Battle of Jammalamadugu===<br />
[[Venkatapati Raya]] set out with his army to suppress the rebellion, accompanied by trusted nobles such as Matla Ellamaraju, Hande Devappa Nayaka, and Pemmasani Timma Nayaka. When news of the emperor’s advance reached them Kondaraju Tirupatiraju strengthened the defences of his forts especially [[Utukuru]] near the border while Nandela Krishnamraju moved out with his troops to face the Raya. The two sides met at [[Jammalamadugu]] where a battle was fought. Krishnamraju’s forces were defeated and he was forced to withdraw from the battlefield and take shelter in the fort of Nandela.<ref name="aps"/><ref name="bps"/><ref name="cps"/><ref name="dps"/><ref name="ops"/><br />
===Siege of Nandela===<br />
[[Venkatapati Raya]] followed him closely and laid siege to the fort of Nandela for nearly three months. Krishnamraju soon realised that he could not hold the fort for long. Before the situation became worse he decided to seek peace and asked Matla Ellamaraju to speak to the [[Venkatapati Raya]] on his behalf. Ellamaraju agreed to help but he was able to secure only Krishnamraju’s life. The fort was then surrendered to the emperor [[Venkatapati Raya]]. Krishnamraju’s estates were confiscated and granted to Hande Devappa Nayaka and Pemmasani Timma Nayaka. [[Gandikota]] which had earlier been the main stronghold of the Nandela chiefs later became the capital of Pemmasani Timma Nayaka and his descendants.<ref name="aps"/><ref name="bps"/><ref name="cps"/><ref name="dps"/><ref name="ops"/><br />
==Aftermath==<br />
Krishnamraju was taken to [[Chandragiri]] after his defeat and kept there as a prisoner until his death. The records do not clearly mention what action [[Venkatapati Raya]] took against Gopalaraju of [[Kurnool]] who had supported the rebellion. However the [[Kaifiyat]] of Cittaveli suggests that Gopalaraju was also brought to [[Chandragiri]] and shared captivity with Krishnamraju for some time.<ref name="aps"/><ref name="bps"/><ref name="cps"/><ref name="dps"/><ref name="ops"/><br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Tirupatiraju's Rebellion]]<br />
* [[Aravidu Dynasty]]<br />
* [[Pemmasani Nayaks]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --><br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Battles involving the Vijayanagara Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Battles involving the Indian kingdoms]]<br />
[[Category:Battles involving Matli Chiefs]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charminar&diff=458308Charminar2026-03-16T18:17:36Z<p>JerryGuerrero: minor edit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Monument in India}}<br />
{{Other uses|Char Minar (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox religious building<br />
| name = Charminar<br />
| image = Charminar Hyderabad 1.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| map_type = India Hyderabad#India<br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| location = [[Old City (Hyderabad, India)|Old City]] of [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|17.36163|78.47467|region:IN-AP_type:landmark|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br />
| religious_affiliation = [[Shia Islam]]{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}<br />
| rite = <br />
| region = <br />
| state = Telangana<br />
| province = <br />
| territory = <br />
| prefecture = <br />
| sector = <br />
| district = Hyderabad district<br />
| circle = <br />
| municipality = [[GHMC]]<br />
| consecration_year = {{start date and age|1591|df=y|p=y}}<br />
| functional_status = <br />
| heritage_designation = [[Monument of National Importance]], [[List of World Heritage Sites in India#Tentative list of Heritage sites|UNESCO Tentative List]]<br />
| leadership = <br />
| patron = <br />
| website = <br />
| architecture = <br />
| architect = Mir Momin Astarabadi<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/here-sleeps-the-earliest-urban-planner/article4827466.ece |title = Here sleeps the earliest urban planner|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 18 June 2013|last1 = Khan|first1 = Asif Yar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url= http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hyderabad-Tab/2016-04-05/Remembering-the-man-behind-Charminars-architecture/218943|title = Remembering the man behind Charminar's architecture | website= thehansindia.com| publisher= |date = 5 April 2016| access-date= May 24, 2023}}</ref><br />
| architecture_type = <br />
| architecture_style = [[Indo-Islamic architecture]]<br />
| administration = [[Government of Telangana]]<br />
| founded_by = [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]]<br />
| funded_by = <br />
| general_contractor = <br />
| facade_direction = <br />
| groundbreaking = <br />
| construction_cost = <br />
| specifications = <br />
| capacity = <br />
| length = <br />
| width = <br />
| width_nave = <br />
| dome_quantity = <br />
| dome_height_outer = <br />
| dome_height_inner = <br />
| dome_dia_outer = <br />
| dome_dia_inner = <br />
| minaret_quantity = 4<br />
| minaret_height = {{convert|48.7|m|ft}}<br />
| height_max = {{convert|56|m|ft}}<br />
| spire_quantity = <br />
| spire_height = <br />
| materials = [[granite]], [[limestone]], [[mortar (masonry)|mortar]] and [[marble|pulverized marble]]<br />
| added = <br />
| designated = <br />
}}<br />
The '''Charminar''' ({{Literal translation|four [[minarets]]}}) is a monument located in [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]. Constructed in 1591, the landmark is a symbol of Hyderabad and officially incorporated in the [[emblem of Telangana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140530/nation-current-affairs/article/kakatiya-arch-charminar-telangana-state-logo|title= Kakatiya arch, Charminar in Telangana state logo|access-date=1 July 2015|date= 30 May 2014|work=The Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> The Charminar's long history includes the existence of a mosque on its top floor for more than 434 years. While both historically and religiously significant, it is also known for its popular and busy local markets surrounding the structure, and has become one of the most frequented tourist attractions in Hyderabad. Charminar is also a site of numerous festival celebrations, such as [[Eid-ul-adha]] and [[Eid al-Fitr]],<ref>{{cite web|url= https://simplefoodreviews.com/charminar-hyderabad/|title=Charminar Hyderabad Tourism | work= simplefoodreviews.com| date= 19 April 2023| publisher= | access-date= May 24, 2023}}</ref> as it is adjacent to the city's main mosque, the [[Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad|Makkah Masjid]].<br />
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The Charminar is situated on the east bank of [[Musi River (India)|Musi River]].<ref>{{Britannica|id=107583|title=Charminar}}</ref> To the west lies the [[Laad Bazaar]], and to the southwest the richly ornamented Makkah Masjid.<ref name=Britannica/> It is listed as an archaeological and architectural treasure on the official list of monuments prepared by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alphabetical List of Monuments - Andhra Pradesh |publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_andhra.asp |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140625052615/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_andhra.asp |archive-date=25 June 2014 |url-status=dead |access-date=27 August 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The English name is a translation and combination of the [[Urdu]] words ''chār'' and ''minar'', translating to "Four Pillars"; the towers are ornate minarets attached and supported by four grand arches.<ref name=Britannica>{{cite encyclopedia| url= https://www.britannica.com/facts/11/788576/Charminar-as-discussed-in-Hyderabad |title= Charminar: Hyderabad| url-status= dead| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100825130946/https://www.britannica.com/facts/11/788576/Charminar-as-discussed-in-Hyderabad| archivedate= August 25, 2010 |encyclopedia= Britannica Compton's Encyclopedia| publisher= | date=| access-date= May 24, 2023}}</ref><br />
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==History==<br />
The fifth ruler of the [[Qutub Shahi dynasty|Qutb Shahi dynasty]], [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]], built the Charminar in 1591 after shifting his capital from [[Golconda]] to the newly formed city of [[Hyderabad]].<br />
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[[File:Gulza Houz.jpg|thumb|left|Charminar, [[Char Kaman]] and [[Gulzar Houz]], photographed by [[Lala Deen Dayal]] in the 1880s]]<br />
The [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI), the current caretaker of the monument, mentions in its records, "There are various theories regarding the purpose for which Charminar was constructed. However, it is widely accepted that Charminar was built at the centre of the city, to commemorate the eradication of plague", a deadly disease which was widespread at that time.<ref name="ASI">{{cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_ap_charminar.asp|title=Ticketed monuments-Telangana|year=2011|work=[[Archaeological Survey of India]]|access-date=19 December 2012}}</ref><ref name="I-Radio">{{cite news|url=http://english.irib.ir/subcontinent/culture/history/item/85075-india-charminar-is-in-fact-a-madrasa-and-masjid|title=India: Charminar is in fact a madrasa and masjid|date=18 November 2012|access-date=23 December 2012|publisher=[[IRIB World Service]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112091724/http://english.irib.ir/subcontinent/culture/history/item/85075-india-charminar-is-in-fact-a-madrasa-and-masjid|archive-date=12 January 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> According to [[Jean de Thévenot]], a French traveller of the 17th century whose narration was complemented with the available [[Persian language|Persian]] texts, the Charminar was constructed in the year 1591 CE, to commemorate the beginning of the second Islamic millennium year (1000 [[islamic calendar|AH]]). The event was celebrated far and wide in the [[Islamic world]], thus Qutb Shah founded the city of Hyderabad to celebrate the event and commemorate it with the construction of this building.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5573/|title=The Qutb Shahi monuments of Hyderabad-Golconda Fort, Qutb Shahi Tombs, Charminar|date=10 September 2010|publisher=[[UNESCO World Heritage Centre]]|access-date=21 December 2012}}</ref><ref name="bilgrami">{{cite book|title=Landmarks of the Deccan|last=Bilgrami|first=Syed Ali Asgar|publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]]|year=1992|isbn=8120605438|orig-year=1924}}</ref>{{rp|17–19}}<br />
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The construction began in 1589 and was completed in two years at a cost of Rs. 9 lakhs, which was around 2 lakh huns/gold coins in those times. Upon completion, it was the [[List of tallest buildings in Hyderabad#Timeline of tallest structures|tallest structure in Hyderabad]]. It is said to weigh around 14000 tonnes with a minimum of 30 feet deep foundation. In 1670, a minaret had fallen after being struck by lightning. It was then repaired at a cost of around Rs. 58000. In 1820, some part of it was renovated by [[Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III|Sikandar Jah]] at a cost of Rs. 2 lakh.<br />
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The Charminar was constructed at the intersection of the historical trade route that connects the city to international markets through the port city of Machilipatnam.<ref name="Lauren&Jaffrelot">{{cite book|title=Muslims in Indian cities: trajectories of marginalisation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7J8ITgtkosC|last1=Gayer|first1=Lauren|last2=Lynton|first2=Christophe Jaffrelot|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|year=2011|isbn=9780231800853|access-date=21 December 2012}}</ref>{{rp|195}} The [[Old City (Hyderabad, India)|Old City of Hyderabad]] was designed with Charminar as its centrepiece.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/371808/Mecca-Mosque|title=Mecca Mosque|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=3 November 2011}}</ref> The city was spread around the Charminar in four different quadrants and chambers, segregated according to the established settlements. Towards the north of Charminar is the [[Char Kaman]], or four gateways, constructed in the cardinal direction.<ref name="UNESCO" /><ref name="Lauren&Jaffrelot" /><ref name="aponline">{{cite web|title=Qutb Shahi style (mainly in and around Hyderabad city)|url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/Quick%20links/HIST-CULT/architecture_qut.html |website= aponline.gov.in |publisher=[[Government of Telangana]]| year=2002|access-date=21 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110075247/http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/architecture_qut.html|archive-date=10 January 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Marika">{{Cite thesis |title= Golkonda through time: A mirror of the evolving Deccan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q8zERtJWtSUC|last=Sardar|first=Marika|publisher=[[New York University]]| year=2007|id=UMI Number:3269810|access-date=21 December 2012}}</ref>{{rp|170}} Additional eminent architects from [[Persia]] were also invited to develop the city plan. The structure itself was intended to serve as a mosque and [[madrasa]]. It is of [[Indo-Islamic architecture]] style, incorporating [[Persian architecture|Persian architectural]] elements. A sample of Charminar is said to have been created at Dabirpura/Nagaboli graveyard before the actual construction.<br />
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Qutb Shah was also among the early poets of [[Dakhani|Dakhani Urdu]]. While laying the foundation of Charminar, he performed the prayers in Dakhini couplets, which are recorded as follows:<ref name="Masud">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4UKJFLZVcEC |title=Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah, volume 216 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=1996 |isbn=8126002336 |access-date=21 December 2012}}</ref>{{rp|4}}<ref name="prayers">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article3475754.ece|title=Final abode of Mohd. Quli Qutb Shah and six others.|date=31 May 2012|access-date=23 December 2012|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref><br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
<div style="padding-left:2em"><br />
<poem><br />
:::Dakhini Urdu<br />
{{Nastaliq|میرا شہر لوگوں سے مامور کر<br />
راكهيو جوتو دريا میں مچھلی جيسے}}<br />
</poem><br />
</div><br />
||<br />
:::Translation into Telugu<br />
: నదిలో చేపలని ఎలా నింపావో<br />
: ఈ నగరాన్ని కూడా అలా నింపు దేవుడా<ref name="Masud" />{{rp|4}}<ref name="prayers" /><br />
||<br />
:::Translation into English<br />
:Fill this city of mine with people as,<br />
:You filled the river with fishes ''O Lord''.<ref name="Masud" />{{rp|4}}<ref name="prayers" /><br />
||<br />
:::Hunterian Transliteration<br />
:Mere shahr logon se mamoor kar,<br />
:Rakhiyo joto darya mein machhli jaise.<ref name="Masud" />{{rp|4}}<ref name="prayers" /><br />
||<br />
:::Translation into Hindi<br />
: मेरा शहर लोगों के मामूर कर, <br />
: राख्यों जो तो दरया में मछली जैसी<br />
|}<br />
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=== Mughal rule ===<br />
Charminar was later captured and became an icon of [[Mughal Empire]], the [[Asaf Jah I]] was the custodian of the famous structure.<br />
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80,000 [[Sepoy]] units loyal to the Mughal Empire lived within the "garrison of the Charminar" and often viewed it as a sister of the [[Taj Mahal]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}.<br />
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==Structure==<br />
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150"><br />
File:Minaret of the Charminar.jpg|A minaret of the Charminar<br />
File:Charminar in detail.jpg|Details<br />
File:Clock of the Charminar.jpg|Clock of the Charminar, installed by the 6th Nizam [[Mir Mahbub Ali Khan]]<br />
File:The interior view of Charminar.jpg|Interior<br />
File:Mosque on Second Floor.jpg|Second Floor<br />
File:Panoramic morning view.jpg|Street view<br />
File:Charminar in Night.jpg|At night<br />
File:Minarets of the Charminar.jpg|Two minarets<br />
File:Charminar in tri-color lightings.jpg|Charminar lit up in the colors of the Flag of India<br />
File:Charminar - May 2023.jpg|Charminar - May 2023<br />
</gallery><br />
The Charminar masjid is a square structure with each side being {{Convert|20|m|ft}} long. Each of the four sides has one of four grand arches, each facing a fundamental point that opens directly onto the street in front of it. At each corner stands an exquisitely shaped {{Convert|56|m|ft}} high minaret, with a double balcony. Each minaret is crowned by a bulbous dome with dainty, petal-like designs at the base. Unlike the minarets of [[Taj Mahal]], Charminar's four fluted minarets are built into the main structure. There are 149 winding steps to reach the upper floor. The structure is also known for its profusion of stucco decorations and the arrangement of balustrades and balconies.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.dawn.com/weekly/dmag/archive/060730/dmag8.htm |title= Grandeur and grace| website= Dawn.com |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070610113243/http://www.dawn.com/weekly/dmag/archive/060730/dmag8.htm |archivedate=10 June 2007 |publisher= | access-date=}}</ref><br />
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The structure is made of granite, limestone, mortar, and pulverised marble, weighing approximately 14,000 tones apiece.<ref name="TOI History">{{cite news|title=Is it Charminar's 425th birthday today?|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Is-it-Charminars-425th-birthday-today/articleshow/54752076.cms|newspaper=The Times of India |last=Papri |first=Paull|date=9 October 2016|access-date=9 October 2016}}</ref> Initially the monument was so proportionately planned that when the fort first opened, one could see all four corners of the bustling city of Hyderabad through each of its four grand arches, as each arch faced one of the most active royal ancestral streets.<br />
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A mosque is located at the western end of the open roof. The remaining section of the roof served as a royal court during the Qutb Shahi times. The actual mosque occupies the top floor of the four-storey structure. A vault which appears from inside like a dome supports two galleries within the Charminar, one over another. Above those is a terrace that serves as a roof that is bordered with a stone balcony. The main gallery has 45 covered prayer spaces with a large open space in front to accommodate more people for Friday prayers.<br />
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The clock on the four cardinal directions was added in 1889. There is a vazu (water cistern) in the middle with a small fountain for [[Ablution in Islam|ablution]] before offering prayer in the Charminar mosque.<ref>{{cite web|title=Charminar Mosque |url= http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_ap_charminar.asp| work=asi.nic.in |publisher= |access-date=24 November 2012}}</ref><br />
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==Surrounding area==<br />
[[File:A typical charminar evening.jpg|thumb|280px|Panorama of Charminar complex, showing the Charminar, [[Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad|Mecca Masjid]] and [[Nizamia General Hospital|Nizamia Hospital]]]]<br />
The area surrounding Charminar is also known by the same name. It is within the ambit of the [[Charminar (Assembly constituency)|Charminar constituency]].<br />
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===Makkah Masjid===<br />
{{main|Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad}}<br />
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The monument overlooks another grand mosque called the [[Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad|Makkah Masjid]]. Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, the 5th ruler of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, commissioned bricks to be made from the soil brought from [[Mecca]], the holiest site of [[Islam]], and used them in the construction of the central arch of the mosque, hence its name.<br />
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===Bazaars===<br />
{{main|Laad Bazaar}}<br />
[[File:Hyderabad bazaar (6111054896).jpg|alt=A very busy colorful street with many people walking along rows of little shops|thumb|Laad bazaar street scene in the year 2000]]<br />
A market named [[Laad Bazaar]] is around Charminar. It is known for its jewelry, especially bangles. The nearby [[Pathargatti]] boulevard is also an important business street known for its pearls. In its heyday, the Charminar market had some 14,000 shops. The Bazaars surrounding Charminar were described in the poem "[[In the Bazaars of Hyderabad]]" by [[Sarojini Naidu]].<br />
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=== Char Kaman and Gulzar Houz ===<br />
{{Main|Char Kaman|Gulzar Houz}}<br />
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[[File:Char Kaman.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Char Kaman]] seen from the top of the Charminar]]<br />
Arches in four directions of Charminar are known as [[Char Kaman]]. These were built along with the Charminar in the 16th century. These are the ''Kali Kaman'', ''Machli Kaman'', ''Seher-e-Batil ki Kaman'' and ''Charminar Kaman''. At the centre of these arches is a fountain called the [[Gulzar Houz]]. The Char Kaman are in dire need of restoration, and protection from encroachments.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Char-kaman-in-Old-City-faces-monumental-neglect/articleshow/9169234.cms|title=Char kaman in Old City faces monumental neglect - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-07-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.thehindu.com/mp/2004/03/10/stories/2004031000490300.htm|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224338/http://www.thehindu.com/mp/2004/03/10/stories/2004031000490300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-01-01|website=[[The Hindu]] |title=Glory of the gates|date=2004-03-10|access-date=2018-07-30}}</ref><br />
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== Influences ==<br />
In 2007, [[Hyderabadi Muslims]] living in Pakistan constructed a small-scaled quasi replica of the Charminar at the main crossing of the [[Bahadurabad]] neighbourhood in [[Karachi]].<ref>{{cite web| first= M. Rafique |last= Zakaria| url= http://www.dawn.com/weekly/dmag/archive/070422/dmag3.htm |title= Charminar in Karachi| work= [[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]| date= 22 April 2007| publisher= | access-date= }}</ref><br />
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[[Lindt & Sprüngli|Lindt]] chocolatier Adelbert Boucher created a scaled model of the Charminar out of 50 kilograms of chocolate. The model, which required three days' labour, was on display at The [[Westin]], Hyderabad, India on 25 and 26 September 2010.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/09/25/stories/2010092553140000| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110225104059/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/09/25/stories/2010092553140000| archivedate= February 25, 2011| title= A Charminar to drool and eat| website= Hindu.com| publisher= | date= | access-date= }}</ref><br />
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The [[Charminar Express]] is an express train named after the Charminar, which runs between [[Hyderabad Deccan railway station|Hyderabad]] and [[Chennai Central railway station|Chennai]].<gallery caption="Other appearances of Charminar"><br />
File:PK Karachi asv2020-02 img88 Charminar Chowrangi.jpg|A replica of the Charminar built in the [[Bahadurabad]], [[Karachi]], Pakistan<br />
File:Silver one rupee coin from the princely state of Hyderabad featuring the iconic Charminar Gate.jpg|Silver [[one rupee coin]] from the [[Hyderabad state|princely state of Hyderabad]], featuring the Charminar<br />
File:Five-rupee note from Hyderabad anoyher side.jpg|Five [[Hyderabadi rupee|Hyderabadi Rupee]] note issued during the reign of [[Asaf Jah VII]]<br />
</gallery>The Charminar also appears on coins and banknotes of the defunct [[Hyderabadi rupee|Hyderabadi Rupee]], the currency of the erstwhile [[Hyderabad State]].<br />
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As an icon of the city of [[Hyderabad]] as well as the [[Telangana]] State, the structure also appears on the [[Emblem of Telangana]], along with the [[Kakatiya Kala Thoranam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/south/story/telangana-to-have-new-logo-194930-2014-05-29|title=Exclusive: Telangana to have unique logo |website= [[India Today]] |date=29 May 2014 |language=en|access-date=2018-07-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2014/may/31/telangana-state-emblem-looks-simple-yet-profound-619441.html|title=Telangana State Emblem Looks Simple Yet Profound|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=2018-07-30}}</ref><br />
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==Charminar Pedestrianisation Project (CPP)==<br />
The Charminar Pedestrianisation Project is an initiative aimed at transforming the area around the iconic Charminar monument in Hyderabad, India into a pedestrian-friendly zone. The project was proposed by the government of Telangana in 2016 and is part of a larger effort to improve the city's urban infrastructure. The Charminar is a historic monument that attracts millions of visitors each year, but the surrounding area is congested with traffic and is not conducive to walking. The Pedestrianisation Project seeks to address this issue by creating a car-free zone around the monument and improving the overall pedestrian experience.<br />
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The project involves the construction of wider sidewalks, pedestrian crossings, and improved lighting, as well as the installation of street furniture and landscaping to create a more attractive and welcoming environment for visitors. The plan also includes the development of a dedicated parking area for visitors to the Charminar, which will be located outside the pedestrian zone.<br />
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The project has been met with some controversy, as it involves the relocation of several street vendors and businesses that currently operate in the area. However, proponents of the project argue that the benefits of creating a more pedestrian-friendly environment around the Charminar will outweigh any short-term disruptions.<br />
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Overall, the Charminar Pedestrianisation Project represents an important effort to improve the urban infrastructure of Hyderabad and create a more attractive and accessible environment for visitors to one of the city's most iconic landmarks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/charminar-pedestrianisation-project-getting-closer-to-reality-now/article19970347.ece|title=Charminar Pedestrianisation Project getting closer to reality now|first=Serish|last=Nanisetti|date=2 November 2017| website= thehindu.com}}</ref> Later during January 2017, the new [[Government of Telangana]] introduced a 14-member French Delegation to take over the project to assess the feasibility in developing the monument as an eco-friendly tourism and heritage destination.<ref name="auto1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1R1HBQAAQBAJ&q=charminar+pedestrianization+project+2006&pg=PT63 |title=Mediated Citizenship: The Informal Politics of Speaking for Citizens in the Global South |first1= Bettina von| last1=Lieres|first2=L.|last2=Piper|date=8 October 2014| publisher=Springer|isbn=9781137405319|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="siasat.com">{{cite web| url= https://archive.siasat.com/news/french-delegation-visits-charminar-pedestrian-project-1116111/|title=French Delegation Visits Charminar Pedestrian Project |work= The Siasat Daily |date=23 January 2017}}</ref> The team has inspected surrounding areas such as the Gulzar house, Makkah Masjid, Lad Bazar, and Sardar Mahal.<ref name="auto">{{cite web| url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/charminar-pedestrianisation-project-yet-to-see-light-of-the-day/article8425148.ece|title=Charminar Pedestrianisation Project yet to see light of the day|first=Serish|last=Nanisetti|date=2 April 2016| website= thehindu.com}}</ref><ref name="telanganatoday.com">{{cite web |url= https://telanganatoday.com/charminar-pedestrian-project|title=Charminar Pedestrianisation Project gathers pace| website= telanganatoday.com| publisher= |date=13 November 2017| access-date= }}</ref><ref name="auto1"/><ref name= "siasat.com"/><br />
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==UNESCO World Heritage Site tentative list==<br />
[[File:The Charminar on a cloudy day.jpg|thumb|Charminar on a cloudy day]]<br />
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Charminar, along with the [[Qutb Shahi]] Monuments of [[Hyderabad]]: the [[Golconda Fort]], and the [[Qutb Shahi Tombs]], were included in the "[[List of World Heritage Sites in India#Tentative list of Heritage sites|tentative list]]" of [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]. The monument was submitted by the Permanent Delegation of India to UNESCO on September 10, 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5573/|title=The Qutb Shahi Monuments of Hyderabad Golconda Fort, Qutb Shahi Tombs, Charminar |website=whc.unesco.org| publisher= [[UNESCO]] World Heritage Centre}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/EDU/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=EDU&BaseHref=TOIM%2F2012%2F06%2F24&ViewMode=HTML&PageLabel=22&EntityId=Ar02201&AppName=1 |title=Prestige or Preservation? |website= Times of India |access-date=3 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622005212/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/EDU/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=EDU&BaseHref=TOIM%2F2012%2F06%2F24&ViewMode=HTML&PageLabel=22&EntityId=Ar02201&AppName=1 |archive-date=22 June 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
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== Temple structure ==<br />
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Charminar Old and New Photographs by The Hindu.jpg|thumb|The photograph of Charminar, a protected monument in Hyderabad (right) taken on 31st May 2013, shows the abutting Bhagyalakshmi temple which has become a subject of controversy. An old photo, at left, taken over 60 years ago and accessed by The Hindu, has no such temple. Photo: Special arrangement & Mohammed Yousuf <ref name="hindu2" />]] --><br />
A temple by the name of [[Bhagyalakshmi temple|Bhagyalakshmi Temple]] sprouted up at the base of Charminar in the 1960s. The [[Archaeological Survey of India]]—which manages the Charminar—has declared the temple structure as an unauthorised construction.<ref name="RTI_ASI">{{cite web|title=RTI response from ASI hosted on a website |url= http://twocircles.net/2013apr05/controversial_bhagya_laxmi_mandir_hyd_‘unauthorized’_structure_built_after_1959_asi.html#.Vl8A9N-rQU0 |website= twocircles.net |publisher=Two Circles| access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref> The [[Telangana High Court|Hyderabad High Court]] has stopped any further expansion of the temple.<ref name="TOI_trust_denies_2012">{{cite news | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Trust-denies-expansion-of-Bhagyalakshmi-temple/articleshow/17121490.cms | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131115220430/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-07/hyderabad/34971669_1_communal-tension-temple-structure-temple-trustees | url-status = live | archive-date = 2013-11-15 | title = Trust denies expansion of Bhagyalakshmi temple | date = 2012-11-07 | newspaper = [[The Times of India]] | access-date = 2012-11-07 }}</ref> While the origin of the temple is currently disputed, the current structure that houses the idol was erected in the 1960s. In 2012, ''[[The Hindu]]'' newspaper published an old photograph showing that the temple structure never existed.<ref name="hindu2">{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/a-note-on-the-charminar-photograph/article4119747.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=A note on the Charminar photograph | date=21 November 2012}}</ref><ref name="hindu1">{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/as-protests-roil-charminar-hyderabads-heritage-slowly-vanishes/article4116422.ece?homepage=true | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | first=A. | last=Srivathsan | title=As protests roil Charminar, Hyderabad's heritage slowly vanishes | date=20 November 2012}}</ref> The Hindu also released a note asserting the authenticity of the photographs, and clearly stated that there was no temple structure in photos taken in 1957 and 1962. Additionally, it showed photos that provide evidence that the temple is a recent addition: a temple structure can be seen in photos taken in 1990 and 1994. Also, a temple is seen in a photograph taken in 1986, which is kept in the Aga Khan Visual Archive, [[MIT Libraries]]' collections, United States, but not in the earlier ones.<ref name="hindu2" /><br />
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== See also ==<br />
* [[Nizams of Hyderabad]]<br />
* [[History of Hyderabad, India|History of Hyderabad]]<br />
* [[Hyderabad State|Kingdom of Hyderabad]]<br />
* [[Tourist attractions in Hyderabad]]<br />
* [[Hyderabad city]]<br />
* [[Telangana State]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
{{Wikivoyage|Hyderabad}}<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/shorts/wiaMXm4QVuM Clip of Old Charminar]<br />
* [http://gigapan.com/gigapans/19862 Panoramic image of Charminar along with Old City of Hyderabad]; published in Earth Platinum Atlacharmin<br />
* {{cite web| url= https://www.siasat.com/is-the-charminar-charkaman-central-square-incomplete-without-the-palaces-2145852/ |title= Is the Charminar-Charkaman Central Square incomplete without the palaces?| website= siasat.com| publisher= | date= 3 June 2021}}<br />
* {{cite web| url= http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?283075 |title= Mushroom Minarette| first= Madhavi| last= Tata| website= OutLookIndia.com| publisher= |date= 2012-12-03| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130506160921/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?283075| archivedate= 2013-05-06}}<br />
* [https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/birth-hyderabad-and-how-charminar-survived-might-aurangzeb-50594 Complete history] at thenewsminute.com<br />
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{{Hyderabad topics}}<br />
{{Mosques in India}}<br />
{{Qutb Shahi Monuments}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Hyderabad, India]]<br />
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Hyderabad, India]]<br />
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Hyderabad State]]<br />
[[Category:Cultural heritage of India]]<br />
[[Category:World Heritage Tentative List for India]]<br />
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1591]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings on the Indian Archaeological Register]]<br />
[[Category:Mosques in Hyderabad, India]]<br />
[[Category:Qutb Shahi architecture]]<br />
[[Category:16th-century mosques in India]]<br />
[[Category:Mosques completed in the 1590s]]<br />
[[Category:Mosque buildings with minarets in India]]<br />
[[Category:Sunni mosques in India]]<br />
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Telangana]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahindra_%26_Mahindra&diff=473291Mahindra & Mahindra2026-03-16T08:28:46Z<p>JerryGuerrero: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Distinguish|Mahendra}} <br />
{{Short description|Indian automobile manufacturer}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2020}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox company<br />
| name = Mahindra & Mahindra Limited<br />
| logo = Mahindra logo.svg<br />
| type = [[Public company|Public]]<br />
| traded_as = {{plainlist|<br />
*{{BSE|500520}}<br />
*{{NSE|M&M}}<br />
*[[BSE SENSEX]] constituent<br />
*[[NIFTY 50|NSE NIFTY 50]] constituent<br />
}}<br />
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|INE101A01026}}<br />
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]<br />
| predecessor = <br />
| founded = {{Start date and age|1945|10|2|df=yes}}<br />
| founders = {{plainlist|<br />
*[[J. C. Mahindra]]<br />
*[[Kailash Chandra Mahindra|K. C. Mahindra]]<br />
*[[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]]}}<br />
| location = [[Worli]], [[Mumbai]]<br />
| hq_location_country = India<br />
| area_served = Worldwide<br />
| key_people = {{plainlist|<br />
*[[Anand Mahindra]] ([[Chairman]])<br />
*[[Anish Shah (Businessman)|Anish Shah]] ([[Managing Director|MD]] & [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]])<ref>{{cite news |website=Livemint |title=Mahindra appoints Anish Shah as the MD and CEO, effective from April 2 | url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/mahindra-appoints-anish-shah-as-the-md-and-ceo-effective-from-april-2-11616762650940.html|date=26 March 2021|access-date=12 July 2021}}</ref><br />
*[[Rajesh Jejurikar]]<br />(Executive Director AFS)}}<br />
| products = {{plainlist|<br />
*[[Automobile]]s<br />
*[[SUV|Luxury SUV]]s<br />
*[[Commercial vehicle]]s<br />
*[[Tractor]]s<br />
*[[Motorcycles]]}}<br />
| production = {{increase}} 528,460 vehicles<br />
| production_year = 2024<br />
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|159211|c}}<ref name=FY>{{cite web|url=https://www.mahindra.com/annual-report-FY2025/10/index.html#zoom=true |title=Annual Report 2022-23 |website=bseindia}}</ref><br />
| revenue_year = FY2025<br />
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|24892|c}}<ref name=FY/><br />
| income_year = FY2024<br />
| net_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|12929|c}}<ref name=FY/><br />
| net_income_year = FY2025<br />
| assets = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|83811|c}}<ref name=FY/><br />
| assets_year = FY2024<br />
| equity = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|52276|c}}<ref name=FY/><br />
| equity_year = FY2024<br />
| num_employees = 140,619 (2022)<ref name= FY/><br />
| parent = [[Mahindra Group]]<br />
| subsid = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Mahindra Tractors]] <br />
* [[Mahindra Truck and Bus Division]]<br />
* [[Classic Legends]]<br />
* [[Automobili Pininfarina]]<br />
* [[Pininfarina]]<br />
* [[SML Mahindra]]}}<br />
| homepage = {{URL|auto.mahindra.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Mahindra and Mahindra''' is an Indian automobile manufacturing company headquartered in [[Mumbai]]. It was established in 1945 as Mahindra & Mohammed and later renamed Mahindra & Mahindra. Part of the [[Mahindra Group]], M&M is one of the largest SUV manufacturers by production in India and the [[Mahindra Tractors]] subsidiary is the largest manufacturer of [[tractor]]s in the world by volume.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-08-01/indian-tractor-maker-mahindra-takes-on-deere |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803183330/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-08-01/indian-tractor-maker-mahindra-takes-on-deere |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 August 2013 |title=Indian Tractor Maker Mahindra Takes On Deere |magazine=Business Week |date=1 August 2013 |access-date=2 February 2014}}</ref> It was ranked 17th on a list of top companies in India by [[Fortune India 500]] in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-indias-30-biggest-companies/20111222.htm/ |title=Mahindra & Mahindra in Fortune India list |work=Rediff.com |date=22 December 2011 |access-date=2 February 2014 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125230649/https://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-indias-30-biggest-companies/20111222.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Its major competitors in the Indian vehicular market include [[Maruti Suzuki]] and [[Tata Motors Passenger Vehicles|Tata Motors]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/competition.Mahindra__Mahindra_Limited_.88313bf0a2725f22.html |title=Top Competitors for Mahindra & Mahindra Limited |publisher=Hoovers |access-date=2 February 2014 |archive-date=15 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315155912/http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/competition.Mahindra__Mahindra_Limited_.88313bf0a2725f22.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Anish Shah (businessman)|Anish Shah]] is the current CEO and Managing Director of Mahindra & Mahindra.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Malyaban |date=2021-03-26 |title=Mahindra appoints Anish Shah as the MD and CEO, effective from April 2 |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/mahindra-appoints-anish-shah-as-the-md-and-ceo-effective-from-april-2-11616762650940.html |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=13 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713060820/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/mahindra-appoints-anish-shah-as-the-md-and-ceo-effective-from-april-2-11616762650940.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nxccontrols3">{{cite web |last1=patel |first1=nirav |title=The Mahindra XUV400 |url=https://ev.nxccontrols.in/blog/exploring-the-best-long-range-ev-cars-in-india-2024/ |access-date=20 April 2024 |website=ev.nxccontrols.in |date=14 March 2024 |publisher=author |ref=nxccontrols}}</ref><br />
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== History ==<br />
Mahindra & Mahindra was founded as a steel trading company on 2 October 1945, in Ludhiana as Mahindra & Mohammed by brothers [[Kailash Chandra Mahindra]] and [[Jagdish Chandra Mahindra]], along with [[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Mahindra Corporate website |title=How we got here |url=http://www.mahindra.com/Who-We-Are/How-We-Got-Here |access-date=30 August 2019 |archive-date=4 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704045822/http://www.mahindra.com/Who-We-Are/How-We-Got-Here |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Anand Mahindra]], the present Chairman of Mahindra Group, is the grandson of Jagdish Chandra Mahindra. In 1948, Ghulam Mohammed decided to move to the newly formed Pakistan.The Mahindras were left with stationary and company stamp that said M&M. They did not have the financial resources to change the name. Since there were two Mahindra brothers in the business they decided to change the company name to Mahindra & Mahindra.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.edelweiss.in/quotes/equity/mahindra-mahindra-ltd-365|title=Edelweiss {{!}} About Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd|website=Edelweiss|language=en|access-date=19 November 2019}}</ref><br />
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=== Beginnings with Jeep ===<br />
They eventually saw a business opportunity in expanding into manufacturing and selling larger [[Multi-utility vehicle|multi utility vehicle]] (MUVs) and started assembling under the licence of [[Willys MB|Willys]] [[Jeep]] in India. Soon, M&M was established as the Jeep manufacturer in India and later commenced manufacturing [[light commercial vehicle]]s (LCVs) and agricultural [[tractor]]s. Jeep was bought by [[American Motors Corporation]] in 1970; Jeeps continued to be built by Mahindra under licence from AMC and, in turn, under [[Chrysler]] after Chrysler bought AMC in 1987.<br />
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=== Acquisitions ===<br />
In 1999, Mahindra purchased 100% of Gujarat Tractors from the [[Government of Gujarat]], and in 2017, Mahindra renamed it Gromax Agri Equipment Limited as part of its new brand strategy, and the models continue to be sold as Trakstar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=M&M renames Mahindra Gujarat Tractors, launches a new brand 'Trakstar'|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/mm-renames-mahindra-gujarat-tractors-launches-a-new-brand-trakstar-2370939.html|access-date=2 September 2020|website=Moneycontrol|date=28 August 2017|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030231108/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/mm-renames-mahindra-gujarat-tractors-launches-a-new-brand-trakstar-2370939.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mahindra Gujarat Tractors renamed Gromax|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-mahindra-gujarat-tractors-renamed-gromax-2541338|access-date=2 September 2020|website=DNA India|language=en|archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410021546/https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-mahindra-gujarat-tractors-renamed-gromax-2541338|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In 2007, M&M acquired [[Punjab Tractors Ltd.|Punjab Tractor Limited]] (PTL), making it the world's largest tractor manufacturer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=M&M wins race for Punjab Tractors stake - Indian Express|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/m-m-wins-race-for-punjab-tractors-stake/25129/|access-date=2 September 2020|website=indianexpress.com|archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410021547/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/m-m-wins-race-for-punjab-tractors-stake/25129/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=PTL's Swaraj to fight parent M&M's brands|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ptls-swaraj-to-fight-parent-mms-brands/articleshow/2205949.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2 September 2020|archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410021546/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ptls-swaraj-to-fight-parent-mms-brands/articleshow/2205949.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequent to this takeover, the former PTL was merged into M&M and transformed into the Swaraj division of Mahindra & Mahindra in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mahindra plans to manufacture tractors in PTL's plant|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/mahindra-plans-to-manufacture-tractors-in-ptls-plant/7857|access-date=2 September 2020|website=Outlook India|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510055509/https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/mahindra-plans-to-manufacture-tractors-in-ptls-plant/7857|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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Over the past few years, the company has taken an interest in new industries and foreign markets. In 2008, they entered the [[wikt:two-wheeler|two-wheeler]] industry by taking over [[Kinetic Motors]] in India.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=Indian Express |title=Mahindra enters two-wheeler market riding on Kinetic |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/mahindra-enters-twowheeler-market-riding-on/342686 |date=31 July 2008 |access-date=2 February 2014 |archive-date=20 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220062924/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/mahindra-enters-twowheeler-market-riding-on/342686 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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In 2010, M&M took a 55% stake in the [[Mahindra REVA|REVA Electric Car Company]]<ref>{{cite web | publisher=AFP | title=India's Mahindra buys Reva majority stake | url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5js84m602eFQAY39bjXLeJpA14HIQ?hl=en | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119134713/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5js84m602eFQAY39bjXLeJpA14HIQ?hl=en | url-status=dead | archive-date=19 January 2014 |access-date=2 February 2014 |date=26 May 2010}}</ref> and in 2016, they renamed it [[Mahindra Electric|Mahindra Electric Mobility Ltd]] after taking 100% ownership.<ref>{{cite web |title=M&M unplugs Reva tag; rebrands e-car division as Mahindra Electric |url=http://www.evehiclesmart.com/blogs-%26-news/mahindra-e-rickshaw-price-features-reviews.html |website=E Vehicles Mart |access-date=18 June 2020 |date=7 September 2016 |archive-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021130908/http://www.evehiclesmart.com/blogs-%26-news/mahindra-e-rickshaw-price-features-reviews.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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In 2011 Mahindra acquired a majority stake of South Korea's [[SsangYong Motor]], turning it into a subsidiary.<ref>{{cite news | newspaper=The Economic Times | title=M&M named lead bidder for SsangYong | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/auto/automobiles/MM-named-lead-bidder-for-SsangYong/articleshow/6302225.cms | date=13 August 2010 | access-date=2 February 2014 | archive-date=6 February 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206173034/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/auto/automobiles/MM-named-lead-bidder-for-SsangYong/articleshow/6302225.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2020, after Mahindra stopped funding it, SsangYong entered into receivership, {{em|de facto}} no longer being a Mahindra subsidiary from that point on,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/mahindra-s-subsidiary-ssangyong-motor-files-for-bankruptcy-applies-for-ars-120122100679_1.html |title=Mahindra's Korean subsidiary Ssangyong Motor files for bankruptcy |access-date=21 December 2020 |archive-date=3 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103224639/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/mahindra-s-subsidiary-ssangyong-motor-files-for-bankruptcy-applies-for-ars-120122100679_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and {{em|de jure}} after November 2022, when a [[KG Group]]-led consortium completed the acquisition procedures for a controlling stake, moving SsangYong out of receivership.<ref name=KGtake>{{cite web|url=https://biz.newdaily.co.kr/site/data/html/2022/09/01/2022090100106.html|title=쌍용차 품은 곽재선 회장, KG색깔 어떻게 입힐까|trans-title=Kwak Jae-sun takes on SsangYong Motor chairmanship as well as KG's|work=Newdaily|access-date=2 September 2022|date=1 September 2022|archive-date=26 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126033002/https://biz.newdaily.co.kr/site/data/html/2022/09/01/2022090100106.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.sedaily.com/NewsView/26DL2CODCB#cb|title=쌍용자동차 19개월 만에 회생절차 종결|trans-title=Ssangyong Motor Company's receivership ends after nineteen months|work=Seoul Economic Daily|last=Choi|first=Seong-hook|access-date=12 November 2022|date=11 November 2022}}</ref><br />
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In October 2014, Mahindra acquired a 51% controlling stake in [[Peugeot Motocycles]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.evehiclesmart.com/blogs-%26-news/mahindra-e-rickshaw-price-features-reviews.html|title=Mahindra takes an old French turn, buys 51% stakes on Peugeot Motocycles|date=9 October 2014|website=dailybhasker.com|access-date=20 August 2015|archive-date=21 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021130908/http://www.evehiclesmart.com/blogs-%26-news/mahindra-e-rickshaw-price-features-reviews.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and a 100% controlling stake in October 2019.<ref name="The Economic Times">{{Cite news |date=2019-10-25 |title=Mahindra to fully acquire France-based Peugeot Motocycles |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/two-wheelers-three-wheelers/mahindra-to-fully-acquire-france-based-peugeot-motocycles/articleshow/71764412.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-08 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708085537/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/two-wheelers-three-wheelers/mahindra-to-fully-acquire-france-based-peugeot-motocycles/articleshow/71764412.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2015, Mahindra acquired a 33.33% stake in Japanese tractor manufacturer [[Mitsubishi Agricultural Machinery]] (MAM), a subsidiary of [[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]], renaming it as Mitsubishi Mahindra Agricultural Machinery.<ref>{{Cite news|title=M&M to acquire 33% stake in Mitsubishi Agricultural Machinery Company for Rs 159.24 crore|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/mm-to-acquire-33-stake-in-mitsubishi-agricultural-machinery-company-for-rs-159-24-crore/articleshow/47366896.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2 September 2020|archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410021546/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/mm-to-acquire-33-stake-in-mitsubishi-agricultural-machinery-company-for-rs-159-24-crore/articleshow/47366896.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=22 May 2015|title=Mahindra Group to acquire 33% stake in Japan's Mitsubishi Agricultural Machinery|work=Business Standard|url=https://www.business-standard.com/content/b2b-manufacturing-industry/mahindra-group-to-acquire-33-stake-in-japan-s-mitsubishi-agricultural-machinery-115052200933_1.html|access-date=2 September 2020|archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410023049/https://www.business-standard.com/content/b2b-manufacturing-industry/mahindra-group-to-acquire-33-stake-in-japan-s-mitsubishi-agricultural-machinery-115052200933_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In December 2015, Mahindra and its affiliate [[Tech Mahindra]], through a [[Special-purpose entity|special purpose vehicle]] (SPV), agreed to buy a 76.06% stake in Italian car designer [[Pininfarina]], for €168 million.<ref name="The Economic Times"/><br />
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In March 2016, Mahindra acquired 35% of Finland-based Sampo Rosenlew, entering the combine harvester business, subsequently increasing its stake in the company to 49.04% in December 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mahindra acquires 35% in Sampo Rosenlew, enters combine harvester biz - ET Auto|url=http://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/automotive/off-highway/mahindra-acquires-35-in-sampo-rosenlew-enters-combine-harvester-biz/51630226|access-date=2 September 2020|website=ET Auto|language=en|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128152531/https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/automotive/off-highway/mahindra-acquires-35-in-sampo-rosenlew-enters-combine-harvester-biz/51630226|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2016|title=Mahindra to buy 35% stake in Finnish firm Sampo Rosenlew|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/BbYc1DZLuGDWupR9LGuqYP/Mahindra-buys-35-stake-in-Finnish-firm.html|access-date=2 September 2020|website=Livemint|language=en|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129112725/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/BbYc1DZLuGDWupR9LGuqYP/Mahindra-buys-35-stake-in-Finnish-firm.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In January 2017, Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd acquired a 75.1 equity stake in Hisarlar Makina Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonym Şirketi (Hisarlar), a farm equipment company, marking its entry into Turkey and in September 2017 acquired another Turkish tractor and foundry business Erkunt Traktor Sanayii AS for ₹800 crore.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mohile|first=Shally|date=21 January 2017|title=Mahindra acquires 75% stake in Turkish farm-equipment maker Hisarlar|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/JtBcxO0YqlV5jhF4clVyMI/Mahindra-acquires-75-stake-in-Turkish-farmequipment-maker.html|access-date=29 December 2020|website=mint|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112022824/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/JtBcxO0YqlV5jhF4clVyMI/Mahindra-acquires-75-stake-in-Turkish-farmequipment-maker.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Aggarwal|first=Varun|date=20 January 2017|title=M&M enters Turkey, buys farm equipment company Hisarlar|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/mampm-enters-turkey-buys-farm-equipment-company-hisarlar/article9492185.ece|access-date=29 December 2020|website=The Hindu Business Line|archive-date=23 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123180006/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/mampm-enters-turkey-buys-farm-equipment-company-hisarlar/article9492185.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In January 2018, Mahindra announced its foray into the sprayers business through the acquisition of a 26% equity stake in M.I.T.R.A. Agro Equipments Pvt. Ltd, a Maharashtra-based AgTech company (MITRA).<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 January 2018|title=Mahindra forays into sprayers business, acquires 26% stake in Mitra|url=https://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/gox8UbDr5zobsQHC9hOL1N/Mahindra-forays-into-sprayers-business-acquires-26-stake-i.html|access-date=17 September 2020|website=Live Mint|language=en|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518044743/https://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/gox8UbDr5zobsQHC9hOL1N/Mahindra-forays-into-sprayers-business-acquires-26-stake-i.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=30 January 2018|title=M&M buys 26% stake in Omnivore-backed MITRA|url=https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/automotive/farm-equipment/mm-buys-26-stake-in-omnivore-backed-mitra/62713372|access-date=17 September 2020|website=ET Auto|language=en|archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410021547/https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/automotive/farm-equipment/mm-buys-26-stake-in-omnivore-backed-mitra/62713372|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2020, Mahindra further increased its stake in the company to 39%.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 March 2020|title=Mahindra & Mahindra inks pact to buy 13 pc more stake in associate|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/mahindra--mahindra-inks-pact-to-buy-13-pc-more-stake-in-associate/1758366|access-date=17 September 2020|website=Outlook India|language=en|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510041944/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/mahindra--mahindra-inks-pact-to-buy-13-pc-more-stake-in-associate/1758366|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=12 March 2020|title=Mahindra & Mahindra inks pact to buy 13% more stake in MITRA Agro|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/mahindra-mahindra-inks-pact-to-buy-13-pc-more-stake-in-associate-120031101391_1.html|access-date=17 September 2020|website=Business Standard|language=en|archive-date=12 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312180835/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/mahindra-mahindra-inks-pact-to-buy-13-pc-more-stake-in-associate-120031101391_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In February 2018, Mahindra acquired a minority stake of 22.9% percent in Carnot Technologies. Carnot Technologies owns and operates smart car firm CarSense.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 February 2018|title=Mahindra & Mahindra acquires minority stake in onboard diagnostics startup CarSense|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/sme/mahindra-mahindra-acquires-minority-stake-in-onboard-diagnostics-startup-carsense/1075557/|access-date=17 September 2020|website=Financial Express|language=en|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513001534/https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/sme/mahindra-mahindra-acquires-minority-stake-in-onboard-diagnostics-startup-carsense/1075557/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In May 2018, Mahindra signed a share subscription agreement to acquire up to 10% share capital of Canada's IT firm Resson Aerospace Corporation.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 March 2018|title=M&M to acquire up to 10% stake in Canada's Resson Aerospace Corp|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/mahindra-and-mahindra-10-stake-in-canadas-resson-aerospace-corp/article23737071.ece|access-date=17 September 2020|website=Hindu Businessline|language=en|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129082859/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/mahindra-and-mahindra-10-stake-in-canadas-resson-aerospace-corp/article23737071.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Resson has developed a system that captures and interprets images to give farmers information about the state of their fields and crops.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 May 2018|title=M&M to acquire up to 10% stake in Canada's IT firm Resson Aerospace Corp|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/m-m-to-acquire-up-to-10-stake-in-canada-s-resson-aerospace-corp-118050100179_1.html|access-date=17 September 2020|website=Business Standard|language=en|archive-date=15 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215020747/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/m-m-to-acquire-up-to-10-stake-in-canada-s-resson-aerospace-corp-118050100179_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In June 2019, Mahindra purchased an 11.25% stake in Switzerland-based agro technology firm [[Gamaya]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 June 2019|title=M&M buys 11.25% stake in Swiss agri-tech firm Gamaya for Rs30 crore|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/mm-buys-1125-stake-in-swiss-agri-tech-firm-gamaya-for-rs-30-crore/story/356362.html|access-date=17 September 2020|website=Business Today|language=en|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129051921/https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/mm-buys-1125-stake-in-swiss-agri-tech-firm-gamaya-for-rs-30-crore/story/356362.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The acquisition enabled Mahindra to further develop and deploy next-generation farming capabilities such as precision agriculture and digital farming technologies.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2019|title=Mahindra arm invests $4 m in Swiss farm tech firm Gamaya|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/mahindra-arm-invests-4-m-in-swiss-farm-tech-firm-gamaya/article27938754.ece|access-date=17 September 2020|website=Hindu Businessline|language=en|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129144854/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/mahindra-arm-invests-4-m-in-swiss-farm-tech-firm-gamaya/article27938754.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2019|title=Mahindra acquires 11.25% stake in agri-technology firm, Gamaya SA|url=https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/mahindra-acquires-11-25-stake-in-agri-technology-firm-gamaya-sa/69789268|access-date=17 September 2020|website=ET Auto|language=en|archive-date=22 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022221352/https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/mahindra-acquires-11-25-stake-in-agri-technology-firm-gamaya-sa/69789268|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In December 2023, Mahindra & Mahindra acquired a 60.01% stake in Emergent Solren Private Limited, now a solar power generator subsidiary of Mahindra Holdings Limited, for ₹288.05 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-13 |title=Mahindra and Mahindra board approves acquisition of 58 lakh equity shares in Emergent Solren for ₹288 crore |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/companies/mahindra-and-mahindra-will-take-over-a-solar-project-owned-by-the-group-18555171.htm |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en |archive-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213143505/https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/companies/mahindra-and-mahindra-will-take-over-a-solar-project-owned-by-the-group-18555171.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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=== Licensed production and joint ventures ===<br />
In November 2017, Mahindra signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) agreement with Belgium-based [[Dewulf]], a supplier of a full line of potato and root crop machinery.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 November 2017|title=Mahindra Allies With Dewulf Group To Build Potato Planters In India|url=http://www.businessworld.in/article/Mahindra-Allies-With-Dewulf-Group-To-Build-Potato-Planters-In-India-/15-11-2017-131757/|access-date=17 September 2020|website=Business World|language=en|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518073108/https://www.businessworld.in/article/Mahindra-Allies-With-Dewulf-Group-To-Build-Potato-Planters-In-India-/15-11-2017-131757/|url-status=live}}</ref> Under the agreement, Mahindra will manufacture and market potato planting equipment in India, for which the co-branded planter is developed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 November 2017|title=M&M, Dewulf ink licence pact for potato planting equipment|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/m-m-dewulf-ink-licence-pact-for-potato-planting-equipment-117111401303_1.html|access-date=17 September 2020|website=Business Standard|language=en|archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410023049/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/m-m-dewulf-ink-licence-pact-for-potato-planting-equipment-117111401303_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In April 2010, Mahindra and [[Renault]] ended its joint venture which operated from 2005 onwards, with Mahindra buying out Renault's stake. [[Renault]] continues to license and supply key components such as engines and transmissions to Mahindra & Mahindra.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mahindra and Renault end joint venture |url=https://www.ft.com/content/f5fec412-4973-11df-9060-00144feab49a |website=Financial Times |access-date=18 June 2020 |date=19 April 2020}}</ref><br />
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Mahindra & Mahindra (M&M) and Ford Motor Company (Ford) first formed a joint venture to manufacture Ford cars in India, Mahindra Ford India. The JV manufactured its cars including the Ford Escort, at Nashik factory of Mahindra. In 2003, Ford increased its stake in the company to 72% and renamed it Ford India.<br />
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In October 2019, Mahindra entered into a joint venture with [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] by establishing [[Ford India Private Limited|Ford India]] in which Mahindra & Mahindra acquired a controlling 51% stake.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2019|title=Mahindra set to take control of Ford's India auto business|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/auto-news/mm-ford-announce-joint-venture-indian-company-to-own-51/articleshow/71393399.cms?from=mdr|access-date=8 July 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407204756/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/auto-news/mm-ford-announce-joint-venture-indian-company-to-own-51/articleshow/71393399.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Panday|first=Amit|date=1 October 2019|title=Mahindra takes the wheel of Ford's India business|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/mahindra-takes-the-wheel-of-ford-s-india-business-11569953889102.html|access-date=8 July 2020|website=Livemint|language=en}}</ref><br />
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In January 2021, Mahindra ended its collaboration with Ford owing to global economic and business conditions caused by the pandemic.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/ford-mahindra-joint-venture-called-off-419540|title=Ford-Mahindra joint venture called off|website=Autocar|date=1 January 2021|access-date=14 January 2022|archive-date=13 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113192504/https://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/ford-mahindra-joint-venture-called-off-419540|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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==Operations==<br />
Under the "Mahindra" brand name, the company produces [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]]s, [[Minivan|Multi utility vehicle]]s, pickups, lightweight commercial vehicles, heavyweight commercial vehicles and [[tractor]]s. Mahindra maintains business relations with foreign companies like [[Renault|Renault SA]], France.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Mahindra-Renault-launch-Logan/articleshow/1852835.cms |title=Mahindra-Renault launch Logan |newspaper=Times of India |date=3 April 2007 |access-date=2 February 2014}}</ref> M&M has a global presence<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/500-mahindra-utility-vehiclesorderghana-govt_322642.html |title=500 Mahinnxndra utility vehicles on order from Ghana Govt |newspaper=MoneyControl.com |date=23 January 2008 |access-date=2 February 2014}}</ref> and its products are exported to several countries.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/2539.asp |title=India starts auto exports to South East Asia&nbsp;– India's Mahindra launches new SUV in Malaysia |newspaper=IndiaDaily.com |date=4 May 2005 |access-date=2 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202121616/http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/2539.asp |archive-date=2 February 2014 }}</ref> Its automotive global subsidiaries include:<br />
* Mahindra Europe S.r.l. based in Italy,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/bline/2008/01/09/stories/2008010952680300.htm |title=M&M acquires Italian auto design co |newspaper=The Hindu |date=9 January 2008 |access-date=2 February 2014 |archive-date=3 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203130713/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/bline/2008/01/09/stories/2008010952680300.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> <br />
* Mahindra Automotive North America (MANA) in US., <br />
* Automobili Pininfarina in Italy<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/with-global-brands-all-the-worlds-a-stage-for-mahindra/articleshow/68365563.cms?from=mdr|title=With global brands, all the world's a stage for Mahindra|newspaper=Economic Times|date=12 March 2019|access-date=19 January 2021|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407204756/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/with-global-brands-all-the-worlds-a-stage-for-mahindra/articleshow/68365563.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* Mahindra South Africa<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-11-04/news/43658806_1_mahindra-mahindra-ltd-tunisian-market-ruzbeh-irani |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109045049/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-11-04/news/43658806_1_mahindra-mahindra-ltd-tunisian-market-ruzbeh-irani |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 November 2013 |title=Mahindra launches Scorpio Pik-Up in Tunisia |newspaper=Economic Times |date=4 November 2013 |access-date=2 February 2014}}</ref><br />
* Mahindra Australia<br />
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===Automobiles===<br />
Mahindra began assembling the [[Jeep CJ#CJ3|Jeep CJ3]] in 1954, and light commercial vehicles in 1965. In 1979 the licensed assembly of Peugeot diesel [[Straight-four engine|four-cylinder engines]] and transmissions began, and in 1982 a tie-up with [[Kia Motors]] to build their four-speed KMT90 transmission and transfer case was announced.<ref name=corphist01>{{cite web | url = http://www.mahindraworld.com/Corporate/history.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20010701122914/http://www.mahindraworld.com/Corporate/history.htm | title = History: About M&M | publisher = Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. | archive-date = 1 July 2001 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Mahindra's MM range was a mainstay of the lineup and was eventually also offered with a 1.8-liter [[Isuzu]] petrol engine in addition to International and [[Peugeot]] diesels.<ref name=MMmodels>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080215014551/http://auto.indiamart.com/cars/mm-range/index.html | url = http://auto.indiamart.com/cars/mm-range/index.html | archive-date = 15 February 2008 | title = Mahindra MM Range | work = Car Channel | publisher = IndiaMART InterMESH Limited }}</ref><br />
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In 1965 in [[Pimpri]], Pune, Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd formed Roplas India Ltd. as a joint venture with [[Rubery Owen]], a [[Darlaston]]-based engineering firm,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Roplas India limited [ROPINDs] History |url=http://www.source2update.com/Company-History/Roplas-India-ROPIND.html |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=www.source2update.com |archive-date=12 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612092102/http://www.source2update.com/Company-History/Roplas-India-ROPIND.html |url-status=live }}</ref> to manufacture after market [[Fiberglass|fibre glass]] bodies for Mahindra 91, 101, and 104.5 licensed versions of [[Jeep CJ]] which included every possible configuration service vans, police bodies, off-roader and ambulance models.<ref>{{Cite web |last=SteveK |date=2020-11-22 |title=Roplas Bodies and Hardtops for Mahindra Jeeps |url=http://www.ewillys.com/2020/11/22/roplas-bodies-and-hardtops-for-mahindra-jeeps/ |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=eWillys |archive-date=12 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612092106/http://www.ewillys.com/2020/11/22/roplas-bodies-and-hardtops-for-mahindra-jeeps/ |url-status=live }}</ref> They collaboratively also formed Mahindra Owen at Pune in 1958, an engineering company to manufacture [[Trailer (vehicle)|truck trailers]], one of the first trailer manufacturer of India.<br />
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In December 1989 Mahindra launched its [[Four-wheel drive|4x4]] [[Off-road vehicle|offroad]] SUV range which consisted of [[Licensed production|licence-built]] versions of the Jeep CJ named Brave, Chief, and Baja. These were powered by four-cylinder, 2.1-litre Peugeot diesel engines producing 62&nbsp;hp and were available in 2032mm and 2311mm wheelbase variants. These were sold under motor industry investments, a joint venture between [[Paul Stoddart]] an Australian businessman and Roger Bastable founder of Abby Hill Group.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bombay Indians arriving next year |date=7 December 1989 |work=The Commercial Motor Archive |url=https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/7th-december-1989/12/bombay-indians-arriving-next-year |access-date=2023-04-28 |archive-date=28 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428090948/https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/7th-december-1989/12/bombay-indians-arriving-next-year |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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Mahindra started making passenger vehicles firstly with the Logan in April 2007 under the Mahindra Renault joint venture.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/NEWS/India_Business/Mahindra-Renault_launch_Logan/articleshow/1852835.cms Mahindra-Renault Launch Logan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106110814/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/NEWS/India_Business/Mahindra-Renault_launch_Logan/articleshow/1852835.cms |date=6 November 2016 }}, additional text.</ref> M&M made its maiden entry into the heavy trucks segment with the [[Mahindra Truck and Bus Division]], the joint venture with [[Navistar International|International Truck]], USA.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051124192017/http://www.hindu.com/2005/11/18/stories/2005111800721800.htm The Hindu on Mahindra International],.</ref> Mahindra produces a wide range of vehicles, including MUVs, LCVs and three-wheelers. It manufactures over 20 models of cars, including larger, multi-utility vehicles like the [[Mahindra Scorpio|Scorpio]] and the [[Mahindra Bolero Camper|Bolero]]. It formerly had a joint venture called Ford India Private Limited to build passenger cars.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/mahindra-fords-latest-alliance-seems-to-be-a-1995-redux/1111943|title=Mahindra-Ford's latest alliance seems to be a 1995 redux|newspaper=Financial Express|date=27 March 2018|access-date=26 January 2021|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413134950/https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/mahindra-fords-latest-alliance-seems-to-be-a-1995-redux/1111943/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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At the 2008 Delhi Auto Show, Mahindra executives said the company was pursuing an aggressive product expansion program that would see the launch of several new platforms and vehicles over the next three years, including an entry-level SUV designed to seat five passengers and powered by a small, turbocharged Diesel engine.<ref>[http://www.allaboutauto.us/2008/02/13/mahindra_jeep_another_american_indian_deal_in_the_works.html Mahindra Looking for Expansion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922181926/http://www.allaboutauto.us/2008/02/13/mahindra_jeep_another_american_indian_deal_in_the_works.html |date=22 September 2008 }},.</ref> True to their word, Mahindra & Mahindra launched the [[Mahindra Xylo]] in January 2009, selling over 15,000 units in its first six months.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_m-and-m-net-soars-152pct-as-xylo-picks-up-speed_1278579 |title=M&M net soars 152% as Xylo picks up speed |newspaper=dnaindia.com |date=31 July 2009 |access-date=11 September 2009 |archive-date=25 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325212222/http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_m-and-m-net-soars-152pct-as-xylo-picks-up-speed_1278579 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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Also in early 2008, Mahindra commenced its first overseas CKD operations with the launch of the Mahindra Scorpio in Egypt,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/money/2006/jul/31mm.htm|title=M&M to set up assembly unit in Egypt|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=11 August 2024|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031001/http://www.rediff.com/money/2006/jul/31mm.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> in partnership with the [[Bavarian Auto Group]]. This was soon followed by assembly facilities in Brazil.<br />
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[[File:Mahindra e2o Plus battery electric car, cropped (2).png|thumb|Mahindra electric car]]<br />
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Mahindra & Mahindra has a controlling stake in [[Mahindra REVA|Mahindra REVA Electric Vehicles]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Web |first=Sam's |date=2023-09-03 |title=Mahindra Reva |url=https://mahindramuseum.in/2023/09/03/mahindra-reva/ |access-date=2025-10-12 |website=Sam's Mahindra Museum |language=en}}</ref><br />
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Mahindra launched its relatively heavily publicized SUV, [[Mahindra XUV500|XUV500]], code-named as W201 in September 2011. The new SUV by Mahindra was designed in-house and it was developed on the first global SUV platform that could be used for developing more SUVs. In India, the new Mahindra XUV500 came in a price range between {{Currency|1140000|INR}}–1,500,000. The company was expected to launch three products in 2015 (two SUVs and one CV) and an XUV500 hybrid. Besides India, the company also targeted Europe, Africa, Australia and Latin America for this model.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-02/news/30105821_1_scorpio-m-m-president-global-markets |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716180904/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-02/news/30105821_1_scorpio-m-m-president-global-markets |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 July 2012 |title=Global SUV |publisher=Articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2 September 2011 |access-date=5 February 2012}}</ref> Mahindra President Mr. [[Pawan Kumar Goenka|Pawan Goenka]] stated that the company planned to launch six new models in the year.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/article3476485.ece | title=M&M plans to launch 6 models in FY'13 | date=31 May 2012 | access-date=1 June 2012 | archive-date=1 June 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601221211/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/article3476485.ece | url-status=live }}</ref> The company launched the [[CNG]] version of its mini truck Maxximo on 29 June 2012.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Mahindra-launches-CNG-variant-of-Maxximo/articleshow/14496732.cms| title= Mahindra launches CNG variant of Maxximo| date= 29 June 2012| access-date= 29 June 2012| archive-date= 29 June 2012| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120629150551/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Mahindra-launches-CNG-variant-of-Maxximo/articleshow/14496732.cms| url-status= live}}</ref> A new version of the Mahindra [[Verito]] in Diesel and petrol options was launched by the company on 26 July 2012 to compete with Maruti's [[Dzire]] and [[Toyota Kirloskar Motor]]'s [[Etios]].<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mahindra-launches-new-pricier-verito/979770/|title= Mahindra launches new, 'pricier' Verito| date= 26 July 2012}}</ref><br />
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On 30 July 2015, Mahindra released sketches of a new compact SUV called the [[Mahindra TUV300|TUV300]] slated to be launched on 10 September 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.motorscribes.com/Articles/mahindra-tuv300-set-for-september-10-launch|title=Mahindra TUV300 set for September 10 launch|first=Vikram|last=Gour|date=14 August 2015|access-date=31 December 2015|work=MotorScribes|publisher=Blended Media Solutions LLP|archive-date=6 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306040047/https://www.motorscribes.com/Articles/mahindra-tuv300-set-for-september-10-launch|url-status=live}}</ref> The TUV300 design took cues from a battle tank and used a downsized version of the mHAWK engine found on the [[Mahindra XUV500|XUV500]], Scorpio and some models of the Xylo. This new engine was dubbed the mHAWK80.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.motorscribes.com/Articles/mahindras-next-suv-is-inspired-by-a-battle-tank|title=Mahindra's next SUV is inspired by a battle tank!|first=Vikram|last=Gour|date=31 July 2015|access-date=31 December 2015|work=MotorScribes|publisher=Blended Media Solutions LLP|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000638/https://www.motorscribes.com/Articles/mahindras-next-suv-is-inspired-by-a-battle-tank|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In 2015, Mahindra introduced an app based intra-city cargo platform known as SMARTSHIFT, a load exchange platform for small commercial vehicles.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/VhOh1ejTrYE6nAsb1YY3dM/Mahindra-launches-SmartShift-to-connect-cargo-owners-transp.html|title=Mahindra launches SmartShift to connect cargo owners, transporters|newspaper=Livemint|date=21 October 2015|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518054617/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/VhOh1ejTrYE6nAsb1YY3dM/Mahindra-launches-SmartShift-to-connect-cargo-owners-transp.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, Mahindra announced the merger of SMARTSHIFT with Mumbai-based logistics provider Porter.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/smartshift-by-mahindra-to-merge-with-logistic-solutions-provider-porter/articleshow/63045322.cms|title=SmartShift by Mahindra to merge with logistic solutions provider Porter|newspaper=The Times Of India|date=23 February 2018|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410022607/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/smartshift-by-mahindra-to-merge-with-logistic-solutions-provider-porter/articleshow/63045322.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/mahindra-s-logistics-arm-smartshift-to-merge-with-porter-118022300857_1.html|title=Mahindra's logistics arm SmartShift to merge with Porter|newspaper=Business Standard|date=23 February 2018|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410022607/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/mahindra-s-logistics-arm-smartshift-to-merge-with-porter-118022300857_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In January 2016 Mahindra launched a sub-compact monocoque SUV called the [[Mahindra KUV100|KUV100]]. The KUV100 received a major refresh in the form of the KUV100 NXT launched in October 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/auto/latest-auto-news/story/mahindra-launches-kuv-100-for-rs-4-42-lakh-303923-2016-01-15 |title=Mahindra launches KUV 100 for Rs 4.42 lakh |website=India Today |date=15 January 2016 |access-date=2 February 2022 |archive-date=2 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202143413/https://www.indiatoday.in/auto/latest-auto-news/story/mahindra-launches-kuv-100-for-rs-4-42-lakh-303923-2016-01-15 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/2017-mahindra-kuv100-nxt-launch-on-october-10-2017-395519 |title=2017 Mahindra KUV100 NXT launch on October 10, 2017 |website=Autocar |date=6 October 2017 |access-date=2 February 2022 |archive-date=2 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202143415/https://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/2017-mahindra-kuv100-nxt-launch-on-october-10-2017-395519 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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On 3 September 2018, [[Mahindra Marazzo]] the shark inspired MPV was launched in collaboration with Mahindra Research Valley (MRV), MANA and Pininfarina in four variants.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/passenger-vehicle/uv/mahindra-launches-globally-engineered-marazzo-priced-upto-rs-13-90-lakh/65655405|title=Mahindra launches globally engineered Marazzo priced upto Rs 13.90 lakh|newspaper=Economic Times|date=3 September 2020|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518051359/https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/passenger-vehicle/uv/mahindra-launches-globally-engineered-marazzo-priced-upto-rs-13-90-lakh/65655405|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In February 2019, Mahindra launched its XUV300, a sub-4m compact monocoque SUV. The XUV300 was found to be the safest vehicle made in India in an independent crash test conducted by [[GNCAP]], earning it a 5-star adult safety rating along with India's first ‘Safer Choice’ Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/auto/latest-auto-news/story/mahindra-xuv300-crosses-26000-bookings-launch-on-february-14-1518554-2019-05-06|title=Mahindra XUV300 crosses 26000 bookings since February 14 launch|website=India Today|date=6 May 2019|access-date=2 February 2022|archive-date=2 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202143413/https://www.indiatoday.in/auto/latest-auto-news/story/mahindra-xuv300-crosses-26000-bookings-launch-on-february-14-1518554-2019-05-06|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.globalncap.org/news/the-mahindra-xuv300-has-achieved-global-ncaps-first-ever-safer-choice-award|title=The Mahindra XUV300 Has Achieved Global NCAP's First Ever 'Safer Choice' Award|website=Globalncap |date=17 February 2020 |access-date=2 February 2022}}</ref><br />
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In October 2020, Mahindra launched the second-generation [[Mahindra Thar|Thar]] 2020 – the All-New Thar.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/auto-news/thar-2020-india-launch-booking-price-delivery-anand-mahindra-features-11601613342971.html|title=Mahindra Thar 2020 launched in India at ₹9.80 lakh.|newspaper=Livemint|date=2 October 2020|access-date=22 February 2021|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518043553/https://www.livemint.com/auto-news/thar-2020-india-launch-booking-price-delivery-anand-mahindra-features-11601613342971.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In 2021, Mahindra launched the [[XUV700]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/cars/mahindra-xuv700-launched-full-price-list-announced/articleshow/86637445.cms|title=Mahindra XUV700 launched, full variant-wise price list announced.|website=Times of India|date=30 September 2021|access-date=14 January 2022|archive-date=14 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114140046/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/cars/mahindra-xuv700-launched-full-price-list-announced/articleshow/86637445.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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On 27 June 2022, Mahindra released the [[Mahindra Scorpio-N|Scorpio N]], also called the "Big Daddy of SUVs". The previous generation will now be called, "Scorpio Classic".<ref>{{cite web |first=Prachi |last=Ahluwalia |date=20 May 2022 |title=All-New Mahindra Scorpio-N India Launch on 27th June: Biggest Scorpio Ever! |work=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/cars/all-new-mahindra-scorpio-n-india-launch-on-27th-june-biggest-scorpio-ever/articleshow/91689231.cms |access-date=15 December 2024}}</ref><br />
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===Mahindra in North America===<br />
Mahindra planned to sell the diesel SUVs and pickup trucks starting in late 2010 in North America<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/27/automobiles/27year.html?pagewanted=2&ref=business |title=2009 Was a Clunker. Time to Cash It In. |newspaper=The New York Times |date=24 December 2009 |access-date=27 December 2009 |first=Lawrence |last=Ulrich |archive-date=15 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115024649/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/27/automobiles/27year.html?pagewanted=2&ref=business |url-status=live }}</ref> through an independent distributor, Global Vehicles USA, based in [[Alpharetta, Georgia]].<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=AutoWeek|title=Mahindra says it has dropped Global Vehicles as U.S. importer|url=http://www.autoweek.com/article/20100827/carnews/100829888|date=27 August 2010|access-date=17 February 2014|archive-date=22 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222165626/http://www.autoweek.com/article/20100827/carnews/100829888|url-status=live}}</ref> Mahindra announced it would import pickup trucks from India in [[knock-down kit|knockdown kit (CKD)]] form to circumvent the [[Chicken tax]].<ref name="mtrend">{{cite web| title = Mahindra Planning Kit Assembly of Diesel Pickups To Avoid Chicken Tax| date = June 2009| publisher = Motor Trend, Benson Kong, 1 June 2009| url = http://www.trucktrend.com/features/news/2009/163_news090601_mahindra_planning_kit_assembly_of_diesel_pickups_to_avoid_chicken_tax/index.html| access-date = 22 September 2009| archive-date = 15 June 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130615160818/http://www.trucktrend.com/features/news/2009/163_news090601_mahindra_planning_kit_assembly_of_diesel_pickups_to_avoid_chicken_tax/index.html| url-status = live}}</ref> CKDs are complete vehicles that were assembled in the United States from kits of parts shipped in crates.<ref name="mtrend"/> On 18 October 2010, however, it was reported that Mahindra had indefinitely delayed the launch of vehicles into the North American market, citing legal issues between it and Global Vehicles after Mahindra retracted its contract with Global Vehicles earlier in 2010, due to a decision to sell the vehicles directly to consumers instead of through Global Vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2010/10/18/report-mahindra-introduction-to-u-s-indefinitely-delayed/|title=Report: Mahindra introduction to U.S. 'indefinitely delayed'|publisher=Autoblog|date=18 October 2010|access-date=19 October 2010}}</ref> However, a November 2010 report quoted John Perez, the [[chief executive officer|CEO]] of Global Vehicles USA, as estimating that he expected Mahindra's small Diesel pickups to go on sale in the United States by spring 2011, although legal complications remained, and Perez, while hopeful, admitted that arbitration could take more than a year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.pickuptrucks.com/2010/11/global-vehicles-usa-still-hopes-to-sell-mahindra-trucks-by-spring.html|title=Global Vehicles USA Still Hopes to Sell Mahindra Truck by Spring|publisher=pickuptrucks.com|date=8 November 2010|access-date=12 January 2011|archive-date=15 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110115082901/http://news.pickuptrucks.com/2010/11/global-vehicles-usa-still-hopes-to-sell-mahindra-trucks-by-spring.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Later reports suggested that the delays may be due to Mahindra scrapping the original model of the truck and replacing it with an upgraded one before selling them to Americans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2010/12/mahindra-delay-explained-new-pickup-model-coming/|title=Mahindra Delay Explained? New Pickup Model Coming|author=Edward Niedermeyer|work=The truth about cars|date=30 December 2010|access-date=12 January 2011|archive-date=19 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110219031421/http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2010/12/mahindra-delay-explained-new-pickup-model-coming/|url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2012, a [[mass tort]] lawsuit was filed against Mahindra by its American dealers, alleging the company of conspiracy and fraud.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://automotive.speedtv.com/article/autos-jilted-dealers-sue-indian-automaker/|title=Jilted Dealers Sue Indian Automaker|last=Golfen|first=Bob|date=6 June 2012|work=SPEED Channel|publisher=Fox Sports|access-date=6 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610013354/http://automotive.speedtv.com/article/autos-jilted-dealers-sue-indian-automaker|archive-date=10 June 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mahindra Automotive North America (MANA), the company's U.S. subsidiary, opened a car manufacturing plant in Detroit, Michigan, on 20 November 2017. The plant employs 250 people and is the first automotive production facility to open in Detroit in 25 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mahindra opens Detroit's 1st car-making plant in 25&nbsp;years|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/mahindra-opens-detroits-1st-car-making-plant-in-25-years/941050/|website=The Financial Express|access-date=21 November 2017|date=20 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042254/http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/mahindra-opens-detroits-1st-car-making-plant-in-25-years/941050/|url-status=live}}</ref> The first product from the new facility was launched on 2 March 2018 as the [[Mahindra Roxor]].<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mahindra-unveils-new-off-road-vehicle-roxor-300607396.html|title=Mahindra Unveils New Off-Road Vehicle: ROXOR|last=America|first=Mahindra Automotive North|website=www.prnewswire.com|language=en|access-date=22 March 2018|archive-date=23 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323031336/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mahindra-unveils-new-off-road-vehicle-roxor-300607396.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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===Military vehicles===<br />
[[File:Mahindra Armado Side view.jpg|thumb|[[Mahindra Armored Light Specialist Vehicle]]]]<br />
The company has built and assembled military vehicles, commencing in 1947 with the importation of the [[Willys MB|Willys Jeep]] that had been widely used in World War II.<ref>[http://www.mahindra.com/What-We-do/Defense "Mahindra & Mahindra Defense Division"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905204156/http://www.mahindra.com/What-We-Do/Defense |date=5 September 2015 }}, Mahindra Corporate Web site. Retrieved 5 December 2011.</ref> Its line of military vehicles under Mahindra Emirates Vehicle Armouring (MEVA, Mahindra Armoured) include the Mahindra Armored Light Specialist Vehicle (ALSV) and the Mahindra Armored Straton Armoured Personnel Carrier (APC),<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Ritvik|date=2020-05-31|title=Mahindra Armoured Vehicles: The Indigenous Line of Defence|url=https://gomechanic.in/blog/mahindra-armored-vehicles/|access-date=2021-03-23|website=The GoMechanic Blog|language=en-US|archive-date=27 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227001629/https://gomechanic.in/blog/mahindra-armored-vehicles/|url-status=live}}</ref> and discontinued vehicles such as the [[Mahindra Axe|Axe]]. It also maintained a joint venture with BAE Systems, [[Defense Land Systems|Defence Land Systems]] India; one of the first vehicles made under this was the [[Mahindra Mine Protected Vehicle]]-I (MPV-I).<ref>{{cite news | url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-03-21/news/31220043_1_defence-land-systems-india-defence-sector-defence-industry | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305084904/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-03-21/news/31220043_1_defence-land-systems-india-defence-sector-defence-industry | url-status=dead | archive-date=5 March 2016 | title=Govt's 26% cap for FDI in defence a challenge: Dean McCumiskey, CEO, BAE Systems India | first=Biswarup | last=Gooptu | date=21 March 2012 | newspaper=The Economic Times | access-date=9 October 2012 }}</ref><br />
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=== Aerospace ===<br />
In 2018, the company signed a multi-million dollar aerospace deal with [[Airbus|Airbus Group]] for the manufacture and supply of metallic components.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/make-in-india-mahindra-group-bags-multi-million-dollar-aerospace-deal-with-airbus/articleshow/47678226.cms?from=mdr|title=Make in India: Mahindra Group bags multi-million dollar aerospace deal with Airbus|newspaper= Economic Times|date=14 July 2018 |access-date=8 May 2021}}</ref><br />
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On 9 April 2025, Airbus signed a contract with [[Mahindra & Mahindra#Aerospace|Mahindra Aerostructures]] through which the latter will produce the main fuselage assembly of the H130 helicopter in India. The first fuselage is scheduled to be delivered to Airbus Helicopters’ facilities in Europe in March 2027.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Airbus awards ‘Make in India’ H130 helicopter fuselage contract to Mahindra Aerostructures |date=9 April 2025 |publisher=[[Airbus]] |url=https://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2025-04-airbus-awards-make-in-india-h130-helicopter-fuselage-contract-to |access-date=10 August 2025}}</ref><br />
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On 28 August, [[Airbus Helicopters]] signed a contract with [[Mahindra & Mahindra#Aerospace|Mahindra Aerostructures Pvt. Ltd.]] (MAPL) as part of which MAPL will supply the main [[fuselage]] of the H125 helicopter. The manufacturing is expected to begin immediately at MAPL's existing plant in [[Bengaluru]] with the first unit scheduled to be delivered in 2027.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-28 |title=Airbus Helicopters awards H125 Fuselage contract to Mahindra Aerostructures |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/airbus-helicopters-awards-h125-fuselage-contract-to-mahindra-aerostructures/articleshow/123559485.cms |access-date=2025-08-28 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><br />
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===Industrial gensets===<br />
Mahindra & Mahindra entered the energy sector in 2002, in response to growing demands for increased electric power in India, over 450,000 Mahindra Powerol engines and [[Diesel generator|Diesel generator sets (gensets)]] hd its entry into gas powered genset with the launch of its first CNG/NG gensets.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/mahindra-powerol-forays-into-gas-genset-segment/article23502696.ece|title=Mahindra Powerol forays into gas genset segment|newspaper=The Hindu Businessline|date=11 April 2018|access-date=8 May 2021|archive-date=8 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508084800/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/mahindra-powerol-forays-into-gas-genset-segment/article23502696.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
Mahindra Powerol was awarded the Deming Prize in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-sector-power/mahindra-powerol-wins-deming-prize-for-2014-114111800136_1.html|title=Mahindra Powerol wins Deming Prize for 2014|website=IIFL|date=18 November 2014|access-date=8 May 2021|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510142506/https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-sector-power/mahindra-powerol-wins-deming-prize-for-2014-114111800136_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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===Farm equipment===<br />
{{Main|Mahindra Tractors}}<br />
<br />
Mahindra began manufacturing tractors for the Indian market during the early '60s. It is the top tractor company in the world (by volume) with annual sales totaling more than 200,000 tractors. Since its inception, the company has sold over 2.1 million tractors.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mahindra.com/What-We-Do/Farm-Equipment |title="Farm Equipment", Mahindra Corporate Website. Retrieved 5 December 2011 |publisher=Mahindra.com |access-date=5 February 2012 |archive-date=9 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209094740/http://www.mahindra.com/What-We-Do/Farm-Equipment |url-status=live }}</ref> Mahindra & Mahindra's farm equipment division ([[Mahindra Tractors]]) has over 1,000 dealers servicing approx. 1.45 million customers.<ref name="Mahindra 2011">[http://www.mahindra.com/What-We-do/Farm-Equipment/Companies/Mahindra-and-Mahindra-Farm-Equipment-Division "Mahindra & Mahindra Farm Equipment Division"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912160907/http://www.mahindra.com/What-We-do/Farm-Equipment/Companies/Mahindra-and-Mahindra-Farm-Equipment-Division |date=12 September 2015 }}, Mahindra Corporate Website. Retrieved 5 December 2011.</ref><br />
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Mahindra tractors are available in 40 countries, including India, the United States, China, Australia, New Zealand, Africa (Nigeria, Mali, Chad, Gambia, Angola, Sudan, Ghana, and Morocco), Latin America (Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Central America, and the Caribbean), South Asia (Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nepal), the Middle East (Iran and Syria) and Eastern Europe (Serbia, Turkey, and Macedonia).<ref name="Mahindra 2011"/> Mahindra Tractors manufactures its products at four plants in India, two in [[Mainland China]], three in the United States, and one in Australia. It has three major subsidiaries: Mahindra USA, Mahindra (China) Tractor Company, and Mahindra Yueda (Yancheng) Tractor Company (a joint venture with the Jiangsu Yueda Group).<ref name="Mahindra 2011"/><br />
[[File:Mahindra Arjun 605 DI tractor with trailer.JPG|thumb|Mahindra Arjun 605 DI tractor with trailer]]<br />
In 2003, the Farm Equipment Sector of Mahindra & Mahindra won the [[Deming Prize|Deming Application Prize]].<ref name=DemingPrizeMM>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2003/10/14/stories/2003101401860300.htm |title=M&M unit receives Deming award |newspaper=The Hindu |date=13 October 2003 |access-date=2 February 2014 |archive-date=1 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001184105/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2003/10/14/stories/2003101401860300.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mahindra.com/News/Press-Releases/1294142442 |title=Press Release: M&M Tractors awarded the Deming for excellence in quality |publisher=Mahindra Group |access-date=2 February 2014 |archive-date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219010323/http://www.mahindra.com/News/Press-Releases/1294142442 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2007 it received the Japan Quality Medal for implementing Total Quality Management in its entire business operations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/press-releases/mahindra-s-fes-wins-japan-quality-medal-107111501008_1.html#:~:text=Mahindra's%20Farm%20Equipment%20Sector%20has,multi%2Dutility%20vehicles%20in%20India|title=Mahindra's FES wins Japan quality medal|newspaper=Business Standard|date=5 February 2013|access-date=8 May 2021|archive-date=8 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508093113/https://www.business-standard.com/article/press-releases/mahindra-s-fes-wins-japan-quality-medal-107111501008_1.html#:~:text=Mahindra's%20Farm%20Equipment%20Sector%20has,multi%2Dutility%20vehicles%20in%20India|url-status=live}}</ref> The company has garnered the highest customer satisfaction index (CSI) in the industry at 88 percent.<ref name="Mahindra 2011"/> It earned a 2008 Golden Peacock Award in the Innovative Product/Services category for its in-house development of a load car.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://goldenpeacockaward.com/innovative-productservice-award-gpipsa.html |title=Innovative Product/Service (GPIPSA) |website=Golden Peacock Awards |date= |access-date=8 May 2021 |archive-date=8 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508093116/http://goldenpeacockaward.com/innovative-productservice-award-gpipsa.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In its 2009 survey of Asia's 200 most admired and innovative companies, the Wall Street Journal named Mahindra & Mahindra one of the 10 most innovative Indian companies.<ref name="Mahindra 2011"/><br />
<br />
In addition to tractors, Mahindra sells other farm equipment. It has expanded its product-line to include farm mechanisation products via Mahindra AppliTrac.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-mahindra-mahindra-plans-to-add-farm-mechanisation-products-1976132 |title=Mahindra & Mahindra plans to add farm mechanisation products |newspaper=DNA |date=8 April 2014 |access-date=8 May 2021 |archive-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510143843/https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-mahindra-mahindra-plans-to-add-farm-mechanisation-products-1976132 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2017, Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd's Farm Equipment Sector (FES) launched 'JIVO' a small tractor platform in the sub 25HP category.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/automotive/farm-equipment/mahindra-launches-new-small-tractor-jivo/59996770|title=Mahindra launches new small tractor 'JIVO'|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=10 April 2017|access-date=8 May 2021|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510142840/https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/automotive/farm-equipment/mahindra-launches-new-small-tractor-jivo/59996770|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2020, the company launched the Sarpanch Plus range. This ranges between 30&nbsp;bhp and 50&nbsp;bhp, and has undergone a subtle improvement as compared to the Sarpanch 575 tractor which was launched earlier.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/auto/commercial-vehicles/mahindra-sarpanch-plus-tractor-launched-in-maharashtra-price-power-warranty-farm-equipment-india/1999644/|title=Mahindra Sarpanch Plus tractor launched in Maharashtra: Price, power, warranty|website=Financial Express|date=22 June 2020|access-date=8 May 2021|archive-date=8 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508100318/https://www.financialexpress.com/auto/commercial-vehicles/mahindra-sarpanch-plus-tractor-launched-in-maharashtra-price-power-warranty-farm-equipment-india/1999644/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
In 2020, Mahindra also launched new equipment for potato planting. PlantingMaster Potato + is designed in collaboration with Dewulf.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/business/mahindra-launches-new-potato-planting-machinery-in-punjab-up-gujarat-138241|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910150928/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/business/mahindra-launches-new-potato-planting-machinery-in-punjab-up-gujarat-138241|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 September 2020|title=Mahindra launches new potato planting machinery in Punjab, UP, Gujarat|newspaper=Tribune India|date=8 September 2020|access-date=8 May 2021}}</ref> On 2 October 2020, Mahindra rolled out Krish-e centers under its new ‘Farming as a Service’ business. This business vertical provides progressive, affordable and accessible tech-driven services to farmers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/mahindra-s-farm-equipment-sector-rolls-out-krish-e-centres-in-maharashtra-120100200849_1.html|title=Mahindra's Farm Equipment Sector rolls out Krish-e centres in Maharashtra|newspaper=Business Standard|date=2 April 2020|access-date=8 May 2021|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510143559/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/mahindra-s-farm-equipment-sector-rolls-out-krish-e-centres-in-maharashtra-120100200849_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In October 2021, Mahindra's FES launched a next-generation Yuvo tractor platform - a new-age advanced tractor range called the Yuvo Tech+.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/business/mahindra-launches-new-yuvo-tech-tractor-will-be-available-in-three-models|title=Mahindra launches new Yuvo Tech + tractor; will be available in three models|website=Free Press Journal|date=12 October 2021|access-date=14 January 2022|archive-date=14 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114140046/https://www.freepressjournal.in/business/mahindra-launches-new-yuvo-tech-tractor-will-be-available-in-three-models|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In August 2023, Mahindra launched the Oja range of next-generation tractors.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2023 |title=Mahindra Launches Oja range of tractors |url=https://www.mahindra.com/news-room/press-release/en/mahindra-launches-4-revolutionary-oja-tractor-platforms-set-to-transform-farming-globally |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=Mahindra}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Models==<br />
=== Passenger vehicles ===<br />
==== Current models ====<br />
===== [[Internal combustion engine|ICE vehicles]] =====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; width: 88%"<br />
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Model<br />
! rowspan="2" width="10%" |Calendar year<br />introduced<br />
!Current model<br />
! rowspan="2" width="32%" cellpadding="32px" |Vehicle information<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%" |Introduction<br />
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"<br />
| colspan="5" |'''[[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Mahindra Bolero Gen 3.jpg|alt=|200x200px]]<br />
|'''[[Mahindra Bolero|Bolero]]'''<br />
|2000<br />
|2025<br />
|[[Mid-size SUV]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Mahindra TUV 300 Chennai 2016 (2).JPG|alt=|200x200px]]<br />
|'''[[Mahindra Bolero Neo|Bolero Neo]]'''<br />
|2016 (as Mahindra TUV 300)<br />
|2025<br />
|[[Mini SUV]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Mahindra Thar Photoshoot At Perupalem Beach (West Godavari District,AP,India ) Djdavid.jpg|alt=|200x200px]]<br />
|'''[[Mahindra Thar|Thar]]'''<br />
|2010<br />
|2025<br />
| [[4x4]] [[Compact SUV]]<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
|'''[[Mahindra Thar ROXX|Thar Roxx]]'''<br />
|2024<br />
|2024<br />
| [[4x4]] [[Mid-size SUV]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:Mahindra Scorpio GLX 2.6 m-Hawk 2011 (36756517492).jpg|alt=|200x200px]]<br />
|'''[[Mahindra Scorpio|Scorpio]]'''<br />
|2002<br />
|2022<br />
|[[C-segment]] [[SUV]]<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
|'''[[Mahindra Scorpio-N|Scorpio-N]]'''<br />
|2022<br />
|2022<br />
|[[D-segment]] [[SUV]]<br />
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"<br />
| colspan="5" |''' [[Crossover SUV]]'''<br />
|-<br />
| [[File:2025 Mahindra XUV 3XO AX7L front.jpg|alt=|200x200px]]<br />
|'''[[Mahindra XUV 3XO|XUV 3XO]]'''<br />
|2024<br />
|2024<br />
|[[B-segment]] [[crossover SUV]]<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|'''[[Mahindra XUV 7XO|XUV 7XO]]'''<br />
|2026<br />
|2026<br />
|[[D-segment]] [[crossover SUV]]<br />
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"<br />
| colspan="5" |[[Pick-up truck|'''Pick-up truck''']]<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Mahindra Pikup 2.6 m-Hawk Crew Cab 4x4 2014 (13931118157).jpg|border|alt=|200x200px]]<br />
|'''[[Mahindra Scorpio Getaway|Scorpio Getaway]]'''<br />
|2006<br />
|2026<br />
|[[Pick-up truck|Mid-size pickup truck]]<br />
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"<br />
| colspan="5" |'''[[Utility vehicle|UTV]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Red 2018 Mahindra Roxor with after market hard cab 09 24 27 727000.jpeg|alt=|199x199px]]<br />
|'''[[Mahindra Roxor|Roxor]]'''<br />
|2018<br />
|2021<br />
| [[4x4]] [[Off-road vehicle|off-road only]] [[Utility vehicle|UTV]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===== [[Electric vehicles]] =====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 0.85em; width: 88%"<br />
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Model<br />
! rowspan="2" width="10%" |Calendar year<br />introduced<br />
!Current model<br />
! rowspan="2" width="32%" cellpadding="32px" |Vehicle information<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%" |Introduction<br />
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"<br />
| colspan="5" |''' [[Crossover SUV]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|'''[[Mahindra XUV 3XO|XUV 3XO EV]]'''<br />
|2026<br />
|2026<br />
|[[B-segment]] [[Crossover SUV]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Mahindra_BE6_pic_1.jpg|200x200px]]<br />
|'''[[Mahindra BE 6|BE 6]]'''<br />
|2024<br />
|2024<br />
|[[C-segment]] [[coupé SUV]]<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|'''[[Mahindra XEV 9S|XEV 9S]]'''<br />
|2025<br />
|2025<br />
|[[D-segment]] [[crossover SUV]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Mahindra XEV 9E.jpg|200x200px]]<br />
|'''[[Mahindra XEV 9e|XEV 9e]]'''<br />
|2024<br />
|2024<br />
|[[D-segment]] [[coupé SUV]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Discontinued models====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! Model<br />
! Released<br />
! Discontinued<br />
! Image<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Mahindra Armada|Armada]]'''<br />
|1993<br />
|2001<br />
|[[File:2009-03 Janakpur 32.jpg|200px]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Mahindra Voyager|Voyager]]'''<br />
|1997<br />
|2002<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Mahindra Major|Major]]'''<br />
|2004<br />
|2010<br />
|[[File:Mahindra CL 550 MDI @ Changanasseri.jpg|200px]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Mahindra Marksman|Marksman]]'''<br />
|2006<br />
|2020<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Mahindra Xylo|Xylo]]'''<br />
|2009<br />
|2019<br />
|[[File:Mahindra Xylo.png|200px]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Mahindra Maxximo|Maxximo]]'''<br />
|2010<br />
|2015<br />
|[[File:Mahindra Maxximo - Full Bin.JPG|200px]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Mahindra XUV500|XUV500]]'''<br />
|2011<br />
|2021<br />
|[[File:Mahindra XUV SUV at Ashiana Brahmananda (Ank Kumar, Infosys Limited). 01.jpg|200px]]<br />
|Replaced by XUV700<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Mahindra Quanto|Quanto]]'''<br />
|2012<br />
|2016<br />
|[[File:Mahindra Quanto image.JPG|200px]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Mahindra e2o|e2o]]'''<br />
|2013<br />
|2017<br />
|[[File:Mahindra e2o Kathmandu 2.jpg|200px]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Mahindra Verito Vibe|Verito Vibe]]'''<br />
|2013<br />
|2019<br />
|[[File:Mahindra Verito Vibe 2015.JPG|200px]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Mahindra TUV 300|TUV 300]]'''<br />
|2015<br />
|2020<br />
|[[File:Mahindra_TUV300_2016_(2).JPG|200px]]<br />
|Replaced by Bolero Neo<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Mahindra KUV100|KUV100]]'''<br />
|2016<br />
|2023<br />
|[[File:Mahindra KUV100 1.2 K4 Plus 2019.jpg|200px]]<br />
|The facelift called the KUV 100 NXT <br />
was discontinued in 2023<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Mahindra NuvoSport|Nuvosport]]'''<br />
|2016<br />
|2020<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Mahindra TUV 300|TUV300 Plus]]'''<br />
|2018<br />
|2020<br />
|<br />
|Replaced by Bolero Neo Plus<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[KGM Rexton#Mahindra Alturas G4 (2018–2022)|Alturas G4]]'''<br />
|2018<br />
|2022<br />
|[[File:Ssangyong Rexton 220 e-XDi 2018.jpg|200px]]<br />
|Rebadged from [[Ssangyong Rexton]]<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Mahindra Marazzo|Marazzo]]'''<br />
|2018<br />
|2024<br />
|[[File:Mahindra Marazzo MPV SEP 18 (1).jpg|200px]]<br />
|Still available for sale <br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Mahindra XUV300|XUV300]]'''<br />
|2019<br />
|2024<br />
|[[File:Mahindra XUV 300 1.2T W8 2024.jpg|200px]]<br />
|Replaced by its facelift called XUV 3XO<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Mahindra XUV700|XUV700]]'''<br />
|2021<br />
|2026<br />
|[[File:2021 Mahindra XUV700 2.2 AX7 (India) front view.png|200px]]<br />
|Replaced by its facelift called XUV 7XO<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Mahindra XUV400|XUV400]]'''<br />
|2023<br />
|2026<br />
|[[File:2023 Mahindra XUV 400 EL EV , Ashiana Brahmananda, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India ( Ank Kumar, Infosys Limited ) 01.jpg|200px]]<br />
|Replaced by its facelift called XUV 3XO EV<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Motorized Trike===<br />
*Alfa DX<br />
*Alfa DX (CNG)<br />
<br />
===Motorized Cargo Trike===<br />
*Alfa Plus<br />
*Alfa Plus (CNG)<br />
<br />
===Pickup Truck===<br />
*Bolero Pik-Up<br />
*Maxx Pik-Up City<br />
*Maxx Pik-Up HD (heavy duty, 2000kg payload)<ref>{{Cite web |title=maxx-hd |url=https://auto.mahindra.com/pick-up-trucks/maxx-hd |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=auto.mahindra.com |language=en |archive-date=21 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321230334/https://auto.mahindra.com/pick-up-trucks/maxx-hd |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*Jeeto Strong<br />
*Supro Maxi Truck<br />
*Supro Mini Truck<br />
*Veero<br />
<br />
===Truck===<br />
*Blazo Haulage<br />
*Blazo Tipper<br />
*Blazo Tractor Trailer<br />
*Furio<br />
*Jayo<br />
*Loadking Optimo<br />
<br />
===Bus===<br />
*Cruzio<br />
*Cruzio Grande<ref>{{Cite web |title=Authentic SUVs {{!}} Explore the Impossible |url=https://auto.mahindra.com/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=auto.mahindra.com |language=en |archive-date=21 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321225659/https://auto.mahindra.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Concepts===<br />
* BE.05 (Launched as BE 6 on 26 November 2024)<br />
* BE.07<br />
* BE.09<br />
* BE.RALL-E (Launched as BE 6 FE on 27 November 2025)<br />
* Vision X<br />
* Vision T<br />
* Vision SXT<br />
* Vision S<br />
* XUV.e8 (Launched as XEV 9S on 27 November 2025)<br />
* XUV.e9 (Launched as XEV 9e on 26 November 2024)<br />
* XUV 700 petrol hybrid<br />
* THAR.e<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Mahindra Electric SUV {{!}} Electric SUVs |url=https://mahindraelectricautomobile.com/#products |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Born Electric |language=en |archive-date=22 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122044020/https://mahindraelectricautomobile.com/#products |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Factories ==<br />
[[File:Mahindra & Mahindra Kandivali Plant 2015.JPG|thumb|Mahindra & Mahindra's Kandivali Unit, Auto Sector Main gate overlooking Western Express Highway, Mumbai]]<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; font-size: 1em; width: 70%"<br />
|'''Factory Type'''<br />
|'''City / State / Country'''<br />
|'''Type of manufacturing'''<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|'''Engines plant'''<br />
|[[Igatpuri]], [[Nashik district]], [[India]]<br /><br />
MHEL Chakan<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|'''Tool & Die plant'''<br />
|[[Nashik]], India <br />
|Manufacturing of Dies<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|'''Multi-purpose units'''<br />
|[[Bengaluru]], India <br />
|Passenger cars (electric)<br /><br />
Small commercial vehicles (electric) <br />
|-<br />
<br />
|'''Aggregate + Assembly'''<br />
|Chakan ([[Pune]]), India <br />
|Passenger cars (electric)<br /><br />
Small commercial vehicles (electric) <br /><br />
Large commercial vehicles<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|'''Aggregate + Assembly'''<br />
|[[Kandivali|Kandivli]] ([[Mumbai]]), India<br />
|Pickups<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|'''Vehicle Assembly plant'''<br />
|[[Haridwar]], India<br />
|Passenger cars<br /><br />
Small commercial vehicles<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|'''Vehicle Assembly plant'''<br />
|[[Nashik]], India <br />
|Passenger cars<br /><br />
Small commercial vehicles<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|'''Vehicle Assembly plant'''<br />
|Zaheerabad, ([[Hyderabad]]) India<br />
|Small commercial vehicles<br /><br />
Tractors<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|rowspan="5" |'''Overseas distributor plant'''<br />
|[[Durban]], [[South Africa]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/mahindra-safrica-idUSL5N1SW10S|title=India's Mahindra opens first assembly plant in South Africa|website=Reuters|date=25 May 2018|access-date=3 September 2021|archive-date=3 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903131018/https://www.reuters.com/article/mahindra-safrica-idUSL5N1SW10S|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|Small commercial vehicles<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sousse]], [[Tunisia]]<br />
|Small commercial vehicles<br />
|-<br />
|[[Mombasa]], [[Kenya]]<br />
|Small commercial vehicles<br />
|-<br />
|[[Matugama|Mutugama]], [[Sri Lanka]]<br />
|Passenger cars<br />
|-<br />
|[[Detroit]], USA<br />
|Passenger cars<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|rowspan="11" |'''Tractors only'''<br />
|[[Jaipur]], India<br />
Zaheerabad, (Hyderabad) India<br /><br />
Mumbai, India<br /><br />
[[Mohali]], India<br /><br />
[[Nagpur]], India<br /><br />
[[Rudrapur, Uttarakhand|Rudrapur]], India<br /><br />
[[Vadodara]], India<br /><br />
Majri, district Kurali<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Brisbane]], [[Australia]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Houston]], [[Texas]], US<br /><br />
[[Olivehurst, California|Olivehurst]], [[California]], US<br /><br />
[[Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania|Bloomsburg]], [[Pennsylvania]], US<br /><br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Algeria]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Benin]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[The Gambia|Gambia]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ghana]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Nigeria]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Chad]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Mali]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[South Africa]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4" |'''Two-Wheelers only'''<br />
|[[Pithampur]] ([[Indore]]), India<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Naming of vehicles ==<br />
Most commercial and passenger vehicles made by the company follow the rule of ending with an 'O', like in [[Mahindra Scorpio|Scorpio]], [[Mahindra Verito|Verito]] and [[Mahindra XUV700|XUV700]]. In 2013, the then president [[Pawan Kumar Goenka|Pawan Goenka]] confirmed that this was after the success of Bolero and Scorpio, the company thought the ‘O’ at the end of the vehicle was lucky and it has become a tradition.<ref>{{cite web |title=Why auto cos Mahindra & Mahindra and Honda name their products to ride on luck |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/why-auto-cos-mahindra-mahindra-and-honda-name-their-products-to-ride-on-luck/articleshow/19099442.cms |website=Economic Times |access-date=18 June 2020 |date=21 March 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards and recognitions==<br />
*Bombay Chamber Good Corporate Citizen Award for 2006–07.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/mahindra-wins-bombay-chamber-good-corporate-citizen-award_304755.html |title=Mahindra wins Bombay Chamber Good Corporate Citizen Award |publisher=MoneyControl.com |date=25 September 2007 |access-date=2 February 2014 |archive-date=4 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204031559/http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/mahindra-wins-bombay-chamber-good-corporate-citizen-award_304755.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*Businessworld FICCI-SEDF Corporate Social Responsibility Award 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-business/fm-tells-corporates-to-embrace-pms-social-charter/article1260042.ece |title=FM tells corporates to embrace PM's social charter |newspaper=The Hindu |date=17 May 2008 |access-date=2 February 2014 |archive-date=4 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204014243/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-business/fm-tells-corporates-to-embrace-pms-social-charter/article1260042.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ficci-sedf.org/sedf-csr-award-2007.pdf |title=FICCI – SEDF CSR Award 2007 |publisher=FICCI-SEDF |date=16 May 2008 |access-date=2 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902163342/http://ficci-sedf.org/sedf-csr-award-2007.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
*The Brand Trust Report ranked M&M as India's 10th Most Trusted Brand in its India Study 2014 survey (from 20,000 brands analyzed).<ref name=MostTrusted>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/samsung-is-india-s-most-trusted-brand-followed-by-sony-tata-114012901162_1.html |title=Samsung is India's most trusted brand followed by Sony, Tata |newspaper=Business Standard |date=29 January 2014 |access-date=2 February 2014 |archive-date=3 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203031511/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/samsung-is-india-s-most-trusted-brand-followed-by-sony-tata-114012901162_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-samsung-beats-nokia-to-become-india-s-most-trusted-brand-of-2014-1958354 |title=Samsung beats Nokia to become India's most trusted brand of 2014 |newspaper=DNA India |date=30 January 2014 |access-date=2 February 2014 |archive-date=3 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203071737/http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-samsung-beats-nokia-to-become-india-s-most-trusted-brand-of-2014-1958354 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*The Farm Equipment division received the [[Deming Prize]] in 2003.<ref name=DemingPrizeMM/><br />
*The Farm Equipment division received the Japan Quality Medal in 2007.<ref>[http://machinist.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=544&Itemid=2 The Machinist on M&M winning the Japan Quality Medal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608083930/http://machinist.in/index.php?option=com_content |date=8 June 2009 }}, additional text.</ref><br />
*The US based Reputation Institute ranked M&M amongst the top Ten Indian companies in its 'Global 200: The World's Best Corporate Reputations' list for 2008.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/2008/06/04/reputation-institute-report-lead-cx_mk_0604lovehate_table.html |title=Reputation Institute Global 200 |newspaper=Forbes |date=4 June 2008 |access-date=2 February 2014 |archive-date=3 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203094331/http://www.forbes.com/2008/06/04/reputation-institute-report-lead-cx_mk_0604lovehate_table.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*Bluebytes News rated M&M as India's second Most Reputed Car Company (reported in their study titled Reputation Benchmark Study) conducted for the Auto (Cars) Sector in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bluebytes.info/BlueBytes/UserGuide/Reputation_Benchmark_Study.pdf|title=Reputation Benchmark Study|access-date=2023-08-14|archive-date=25 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625113122/http://www.bluebytes.info/BlueBytes/UserGuide/Reputation_Benchmark_Study.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bluebytes.info/ |title=Blue Bytes |publisher=Bluebytes.info |access-date=20 October 2018 |archive-date=1 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801073109/http://www.bluebytes.info/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*Mahindra won top Corporate Governance and CSR awards at Asiamoney Awards 2016.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.autonewspress.com/mahindra-wins-top-corporate-governance-csr-awards-asiamoney-awards-2016/|title=Mahindra wins top Corporate Governance and CSR awards at Asiamoney Awards 2016|website=Auto News Press|date=11 January 2017|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215356/https://www.autonewspress.com/mahindra-wins-top-corporate-governance-csr-awards-asiamoney-awards-2016/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
*Mahindra was named ‘Manufacturing Innovator of the Year’ by Time India Awards in 2017.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/4652074/time-india-awards-2017-winners/|title=Here Are the Winners of the 2017 Time India Awards|magazine= Time|date=27 January 2017 |access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref><br />
*The company became the first Carbon Neutral plant facility in 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.autocarpro.in/news-national/mahindra-igatpuri-plant-becomes-india-first-carbonneutral-facility-41459|title=Mahindra's Igatpuri plant becomes India's first carbon-neutral facility|website=Autocar|date=30 November 2018|access-date=28 May 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213641/https://www.autocarpro.in/news-national/mahindra-igatpuri-plant-becomes-india-first-carbonneutral-facility-41459|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/auto/car-news/mahindras-igatpuri-plant-indias-first-carbon-neutral-facility-heres-what-it-means/1403159/|title=Mahindra's Igatpuri plant India's first Carbon Neutral Facility: Here's what it means|newspaper=Financial Express|date=4 December 2018|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215652/https://www.financialexpress.com/auto/car-news/mahindras-igatpuri-plant-indias-first-carbon-neutral-facility-heres-what-it-means/1403159/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
*In 2018, seven automotive plants of Mahindra & Mahindra (M&M) bagged the prestigious Japan Institute of Plant Maintenance (JIPM) award.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.autocarpro.in/news-national/seven-mahindra-mahindra-plants-bag-jipm-awards-28726|title=Seven Mahindra & Mahindra plants bag JIPM awards|website=Autocar|date=22 March 2018|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213940/https://www.autocarpro.in/news-national/seven-mahindra-mahindra-plants-bag-jipm-awards-28726|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
*Mahindra was named India's Best Brand by Interbrand in 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.interbrand.com/newsroom/interbrand-unveils-2019-best-indian-brands-celebrates-brave-growth-amidst-change/|title=Interbrand unveils 2019 Best Indian Brands: Celebrates Brave Growth amidst Change|website=Interbrand|date=|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220930/https://www.interbrand.com/newsroom/interbrand-unveils-2019-best-indian-brands-celebrates-brave-growth-amidst-change/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
*Mahindra & Mahindra was among 2000 largest companies of the world in the Forbes 2000 list.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/ril-hdfc-among-57-indian-companies-on-forbes-global-2000-list/articleshow/69774000.cms?from=mdr#:~:text=While%20TCS%2C%20ICICI%20Bank%2C%20L%26T,Hindalco%2C%20HCL%20Tech%2C%20M%26M%2C|title=RIL, HDFC among 57 Indian companies on Forbes Global 2000 list|newspaper=Economic Times|date=13 June 2019|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602235552/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/ril-hdfc-among-57-indian-companies-on-forbes-global-2000-list/articleshow/69774000.cms?from=mdr#:~:text=While%20TCS%2C%20ICICI%20Bank%2C%20L%26T,Hindalco%2C%20HCL%20Tech%2C%20M%26M%2C|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
*The company was 23rd on Fortune's global ‘Change The World’ list 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://fortune.com/2019/08/19/change-the-world-2019-companies-to-watch/|title=Fortune's 2019 Change the World List: Companies to Watch|website=Fortune|date=19 August 2019|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418052753/https://fortune.com/2019/08/19/change-the-world-2019-companies-to-watch/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
*Mahindra Automotive was recognised as ‘One of the Most Trusted Brands of India 2021’ by Team Marksmen and CNBC TV18.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/most-trusted-brands-of-india-2021-8791541.htm |title=Most Trusted Brands Of India 2021 |website=CNBCTV18 |date=12 April 2021 |access-date=1 June 2021 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215624/https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/most-trusted-brands-of-india-2021-8791541.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Automotive industry in India]]<br />
* [[List of companies of India]]<br />
* [[Mahindra Lifespaces]]<br />
* [[Mahindra Racing]]<br />
* [[Mahindra Susten]]<br />
* [[Mahindra Two Wheelers]]<br />
* [[Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services Limited]]<br />
* [[Mahindra Truck and Bus Division]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Portal bar|Companies|Cars}}<br />
{{Commons category|Mahindra and Mahindra}}<br />
<br />
{{Mahindra and Mahindra vehicles}}<br />
{{Mahindra Group}}<br />
{{Pinin Farina}}<br />
{{Automotive industry in India}}<br />
{{Nifty 200 companies}}<br />
{{BSE Sensex}}<br />
{{CNX Nifty companies}}<br />
{{DJSI World}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahindra and Mahindra}}<br />
[[Category:Mahindra Group]]<br />
[[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of India]]<br />
[[Category:Car manufacturers of India]]<br />
[[Category:Military vehicle manufacturers]]<br />
[[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1945]]<br />
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1945]]<br />
[[Category:BSE SENSEX]]<br />
[[Category:NIFTY 50]]<br />
[[Category:Truck manufacturers of India]]<br />
[[Category:Car brands]]<br />
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]<br />
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]<br />
[[Category:Indian brands]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonia_Jabbar&diff=536677Sonia Jabbar2026-03-15T04:48:29Z<p>JerryGuerrero: Article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian conservationist}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Sonia Jabbar<br />
| image = Sonia Jabbar receives Nari Shakti Puraskar in 2019 (cropped).jpg<br />
| image_size =<br />
| caption = Jabbar in 2017<br />
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| death_date =<br />
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| other_names =<br />
| known_for = owning an elephant friendly tea plantation<br />
| education =<br />
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| children = one<br />
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}}<br />
'''Sonia Jabbar''' is an Indian plantation owner and wildlife conservationist. Starting in 2012, she transformed her tea plantation in [[Darjeeling]] to accommodate and facilitate the safe passage of elephants during their migration between Nepal and Assam. The [[Wildlife Trust of India]] recognised the plantation as the Green Corridor Champion of [[North Bengal]]; the University of Montana, US, certified it Elephant Friendly. She then initiated additional projects for elephant conservation, including a re-wilding project to create a 100-acre forest, and a pilot crop insurance project for neighbouring farms. In 2019, she was awarded the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]], India's highest civilian award for women.<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Jabbar was a journalist in Kolkata<ref name=another1/> until she inherited the family's large tea plantation in 2011.<ref name=indiat/> It is a 1200-acre plantation in the [[Darjeeling]] District of [[West Bengal]]. She was the fifth generation of her family to own the land since 1884,<ref name=cert>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prlog.org/12723332-nuxulbari-tea-estate-becomes-2nd-globally-to-earn-elephant-friendly-certification.html|title=Nuxulbari Tea Estate Becomes 2nd Globally to Earn Elephant Friendly™ Certification|website=PRLog|access-date=2020-04-26}}</ref> and surprisingly she is the third consecutive woman. She took over the role when her mother, Dolly, wanted to retire. Dolly Jabbar had taken on the job from Sonia's grandmother Sayeeda Badrunisa.<ref name=woman3>{{Cite web|title=Women-led estates chart new terroir|url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/women-led-estates-chart-new-terroir-11583489119107.html|last=Anantharaman|first=Aravinda|date=2020-03-07|website=Livemint|language=en|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> The work in the tea industry is mostly done by women but that is not where the power lies. Tea workers can pick all day to find their wages, destined to buy essentials, is spent on drink or drugs by their husbands. And at the national level the tea workers unions ignore the needs of women. Jabbar has been trying to fix this working with an NGO to encourage discussion amongst her workers.<ref name=another1>{{Cite web|title=The need to bring both voices to the table|url=https://www.teaandcoffee.net/feature/22629/the-need-to-bring-both-voices-to-the-table/|website=Tea & Coffee Trade Journal|language=en|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref><br />
<br />
The occasion that brought her to notice took place in 2012 was when her workers advised her that elephants were about to invade 35 acres of the newly planted part of her tea plantation. She was told that the best idea would be to scare them away with flaming torches and fireworks, but Jabbar decided to do nothing. She spent a sleepless night worried that she had sacrificed her workers planting and her investment to rampaging elephants, but she loved wildlife. In the morning she was pleased to find that the damage was minimal and she realised that with planning this could all be tolerated.<ref name=indiat>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20181231-mammoth-project-the-social-warriors-1415164-2018-12-23|title=Mammoth Project {{!}} The Social Warriors|date=December 23, 2018|first=Romita |last=Datta |website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-04-26}}</ref><br />
<br />
In time she created 400m wide passageways through her plantation so that elephants could complete their traditional migration. The elephants way has been blocked by a 17&nbsp;km long fence that prevents their usual route from [[Assam]] and the [[Mahananda basin]] to [[Nepal]]. Her plantation's policy allows the herds to still achieve this.<ref name=indiat/> In addition her plantation avoids building other barriers and they make sure drainage ditches cannot trap young elephants. Her procedures also make sure that chemicals are safely stored<ref name=cert/> and the plantations mono-culture was modified to include other plants that were of interest to elephants.<ref name=hohoOneOff/><br />
<br />
She was given the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]] award in 2019. The "2018" award was made in the Presidential Palace by the President of India. Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] was present.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://narishaktipuraskar.wcd.gov.in/gallery|title=Nari Shakti Puraskar - Gallery|website=narishaktipuraskar.wcd.gov.in|access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref> She was running a club for locals who were interested in the work and she had put aside 100 acres to be a native tree forest for the use of elephants and other wildlife.<ref name=faceb>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/ministryWCD/posts/1561390447339158|title=Ministry of Women & Child Development, Government of India|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-26}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2018 her work led to Nuxalbari's recognition as the first ever large elephant friendly plantation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian tea estate gets world's first 'elephant-friendly' tag|url=https://asiatimes.com/2018/09/indian-tea-estate-gets-worlds-first-elephant-friendly-tag/|last=Singh|first=Kriti|date=2018-09-18|website=Asia Times|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> The award was made by the [[Wildlife Friendly Enterprise Network]] and [[University of Montana]].<ref name=cert/> The [[Wildlife Trust of India]] noted her land as a Green Corridor Champion of North Bengal.<ref name=indiat/> She was noted by [[Vogue India]] amongst twelve women who were creating change during the [[climate crisis]] in 2020.<ref name=hohoOneOff>{{Cite web|title=These 12 women are crusaders of change in the midst of on-going climate crisis|url=https://www.vogue.in/magazine-story/women-crusaders-of-change-climate-crisis-dia-mirza-sunita-narain-krithi-karanth-environment-sustainability/|date=2020-01-16|website=Vogue India|language=en-IN|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref><br />
[[File:A herd of wild elephants in a Tea Garden.jpg|thumb|center|800px|A herd of wild elephants in an elephant-friendly tea garden in India.]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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{{Nari Shakti Puraskar}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jabbar, Sonia}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Nari Shakti Puraskar winners]]<br />
[[Category:People from Darjeeling district]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abbas%E2%80%93Mustan&diff=472075Abbas–Mustan2026-03-13T06:29:44Z<p>JerryGuerrero: fixed formatting further and corrected details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian film director duo (born 1950)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Abbas–Mustan<br />
| image = Abbas–Mustan 61st Filmfare Awards (cropped).jpg<br />
| image_size = 300px<br />
| caption = Abbas-Mustan in 2016<br />
| birth_date = 1950<br />
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br />
| children = <br />
| occupation = Film directors, producers<br />
| years_active = 1985–present<br />
| relatives = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Abbas–Mustan''' are [[India]]n filmmaker duo consisting of brothers '''Abbas Alibhai Burmawalla''' and '''Mustan Alibhai Burmawalla''', working in [[Hindi cinema]] known for directing stylish suspense, action and romantic thrillers with dark-lit themes.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Priya |date=Dec 28, 2012 |title=Abbas-Mustan haven't spent a single day apart in 54 years |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Abbas-Mustan-havent-spent-a-single-day-apart-in-54-years/articleshow/17781186.cms |work=[[Times of India]] |agency=TNN}}</ref><ref name="Abbas-Mustan’s reel deal">{{Cite news |last=Baliga |first=Shash |date=31 January 2013 |title=Abbas-Mustan's reel deal |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/abbas-mustans-reel-deal/article23031574.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519124101/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/abbas-mustans-reel-deal/article23031574.ece |archive-date=19 May 2024 |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life and career==<br />
Abbas Burmawalla, Mustan Burmawalla, and their brother Hussain Burmawalla began their career as editors in films.<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-men-in-white/article7707614.ece</ref> They later joined as assistant director of Govindbhai Patel to do several films. When Patel refused an opportunity to direct [[Gujarat]]i film ''Sajan Tara Sambharana'' (1985), Abbas–Mustan received their first break to direct the movie, launching their career.<br />
<br />
Their first Hindi movie as directors was ''[[Agneekaal]]'' in 1990.<ref>{{Citation |title=Agneekaal |date=2022-07-15 |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/agneekaal |work= |language=en |access-date=2022-08-04}}</ref> Since then, they have directed more than 14 Hindi movies. They eventually launched their own production house called ''Burmawalla Partners''.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}<br />
<br />
The Asian Academy of Film & Television honoured both of them with the Life Membership of International Film and Television Club.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}<br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{{Pending films key}}<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year!! Title!! Directors!! Producers<br />
!Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 1985<br />
| ''Sajan Tara Sambharna''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{no}}<br />
| rowspan="2"| Gujarati film<br />
|-<br />
| 1987<br />
| ''Moti Veerana Chowk''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{no}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1990 || ''[[Agneekaal]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{no}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1992 || ''[[Khiladi (1992 film)|Khiladi]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{no}}<br />
|Core plot based on [[Khel Khel Mein (1975 film)|''Khel Khel Mein'']] (1975), itself adaption of the French novel ''Good Children Don't Kill'' by [[Louis Thomas (writer)|Louis Thomas]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1993 || ''[[Baazigar]]''<ref name="SRK will remain the Shah Rukh of Baazigar: Abbas Mustan">{{Cite news |last=<!--staff byline; no author given--> |date=21 September 2015 |title=SRK will remain the Shah Rukh of Baazigar: Abbas Mustan |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2015-09-21/SRK-will-remain-the-Shah-Rukh-of-Baazigar-Abbas-Mustan/176919 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519125252/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2015-09-21/SRK-will-remain-the-Shah-Rukh-of-Baazigar-Abbas-Mustan/176919 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=The Hans India}}</ref><br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{no}}<br />
|Loosely adapted from ''[[A Kiss Before Dying (1991 film)|A Kiss Before Dying]]'' (1991)<br />
|-<br />
| 1996 || ''[[Daraar (film)|Daraar]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{no}}<br />
|Inspired by ''[[Sleeping with the Enemy]]'' (1991)<br />
|-<br />
| 1998 || ''[[Soldier (1998 Indian film)|Soldier]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{no}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1999 || ''[[Baadshah (1999 film)|Baadshah]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{no}}<br />
|Combined plot elements from ''[[Nick of Time (film)|Nick of Time]]'' (1995) and ''[[Rush Hour (1998 film)|Rush Hour]]'' (1998)<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2001 || ''[[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{no}}<br />
|Conceptually similar to ''[[Pretty Woman]]'' (1990)<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ajnabee (2001 film)|Ajnabee]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{no}}<br />
|Unofficial remake of ''[[Consenting Adults (1992 film)|Consenting Adults]]'' (1992)<br />
|-<br />
| 2002 || ''[[Humraaz]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{no}}<br />
|Loosely inspired by ''[[A Perfect Murder]]'' (1998)<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2004 || ''[[Taarzan: The Wonder Car]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{no}}<br />
|Loosely based on ''[[Christine (1983 film)|Christine]]'' (1983)<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aitraaz]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{no}}<br />
|Drew heavily from ''[[Disclosure (1994 film)|Disclosure]]'' (1994)<br />
|-<br />
| 2006 || ''[[36 China Town]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{no}}<br />
|Adapted from the black comedy ''[[Once upon a Crime (1992 film)|Once Upon a Crime]]'' (1992)<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2007 || ''[[Naqaab (2007 film)|Naqaab]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{no}}<br />
|Loosely inspired by ''[[Dot the i|Dot the I]]'' (2003)<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Evano Oruvan]]''<br />
| {{no}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2008 || ''[[Race (2008 film)|Race]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{no}}<br />
|Inspired by ''[[Goodbye Lover]]'' (1998)<br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
| ''[[Life Partner (film)|Life Partner]]''<br />
| {{no}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2012 || ''[[Players (2012 film)|Players]]''<br />
<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|Official remake of ''[[The Italian Job]]'' (1969)<br />
|-<br />
| 2013 || ''[[Race 2]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{no}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2015 || ''[[Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon]]''<ref name="Abbas-Mustan won’t venture into adult comedies">{{Cite news |last=<!--no author given--> |date=24 September 2015 |title=Abbas-Mustan won't venture into adult comedies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/abbas-mustan-wont-venture-into-adult-comedies/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519124722/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/abbas-mustan-wont-venture-into-adult-comedies/ |archive-date=19 May 2024 |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=The Indian Express |language=en |agency=PTI}}</ref><br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || ''[[Machine (2017 film)|Machine]]''<ref name="Burmawalas and son">{{Cite news |last=Sinha |first=Sayoni |date=10 March 2017 |title=Burmawalas and son |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/burmawalas-and-son/article17437178.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519124613/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/burmawalas-and-son/article17437178.ece |archive-date=19 May 2024 |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref><br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
| ''[[Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon 2]]''<br />
| {{no}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| {{TBA}}<br />
|{{Pending film|[[3 Monkeys (upcoming film)|3 Monkeys]]}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|0122216|Abbas}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|0122217|Mustan}}<br />
<br />
{{Abbas-Mustan}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Abbas Mustan}}<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]<br />
[[Category:Dawoodi Bohra people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian filmmaking duos]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]<br />
[[Category:Film directors from Gujarat]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ee_Bandhana&diff=472407Ee Bandhana2026-03-03T21:41:20Z<p>JerryGuerrero: general enhanced details also</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Ee Bandhana<br />
| image = Ee Bandhana.jpg<br />
| caption = Poster <br />
| director = [[Vijayalakshmi Singh]]<br />
| producer = {{ubl|[[Jai Jagadish]]|Vijayalakshmi Singh}}<br />
| starring = {{ubl|[[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]]|[[Jaya Prada]]|[[Ananth Nag]]|[[Tara Venu|Tara]]|[[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]]}}<br />
| story = [[B.R. Chopra]] <br />Achala Nagar <br />Satish Bhatnagar<br />Ram Govind <br />Shafiq Ansari<br />
| based_on = ''[[Baghban (2003 film)|Baghban]]'' by [[Ravi Chopra]]<br />
| music = [[Mano Murthy]]<br />
| cinematography = Ajay Vincent<br />
| editing = B. S. Kemparaju<br />
| studio = Dakshath Combines<br />
| distributor = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Kannada<br />
| runtime = 170 minutes<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2007|12|21}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Ee Bandhana''''' ({{translation|This [[Human bonding|Romantic Bond]]}}) is a 2007 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[drama film]] directed and co-produced by [[Vijayalakshmi Singh]]. This marks her debut directorial project. It stars [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] and [[Jayapradha]] while [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]], [[Ananth Nag]], [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]], [[Sharmiela Mandre]], [[Tarun Chandra]] and [[Jennifer Kotwal]] form the rest of the [[ensemble cast]]. The movie was produced by [[Jai Jagadish]] for Dakshath Combines.<br />
<br />
The film is a remake of [[Bollywood|Hindi]] film ''[[Baghban (2003 film)|Baghban]]'' (2003) which was an unofficial adaptation <br />
of the 1937 Hollywood movie ''[[Make Way for Tomorrow]]'' which had earlier inspired the 1958 Kannada movie ''[[School Master (1958 film)|School Master]]''. The music is scored by [[Mano Murthy]] and all the songs were received well. The film met with positive response from the critics.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{Colbegin}}<br />
* [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] as Harish Raj<br />
* [[Jayaprada]] as Nandini<br />
* [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] as Kiran in an extended cameo appearance<br />
* [[Ananth Nag]] as Narayana Ullagaddi<br />
* [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] as Sukanya (Sukku)<br />
* [[Tarun Chandra]] as Kapil<br />
* [[Sharmiela Mandre]] as Priya<br />
* [[Jennifer Kotwal]] as Pallavi in an extended cameo appearance<br />
* [[Jai Jagadish]] as Balachander<br />
* [[Doddanna]] as Siddarama<br />
* [[Shivaram]] as Govinda<br />
* [[G. K. Govinda Rao]] as Siddarth Besanth (Special Appearance) <br />
* Raghu Samarth<br />
* Madhu Hegde<br />
* Ashwath Neenasam<br />
* Arundhathi Jatkar<br />
* Vaibhavi<br />
* Nayanshekar<br />
{{Colend}}<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
The film was supposed to be directed by [[Sachin Pilgaonkar|Sachin]] in early 2007.<ref name="R">{{Cite web|url=https://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/mar/16slid1.htm|title=Sachin's Kannada attempt|date=16 March 2007|work=[[Rediff.com]]|first=R. G.|last=Vijayasarathy|author-link=R. G. Vijayasarathy|access-date=9 November 2023|archive-date=9 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109051833/https://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/mar/16slid1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
The music of the film was composed by [[Mano Murthy]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/kannada/album/K0000114.html |title=Ee Bandhana movie songs |access-date=22 February 2014 |archive-date=28 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228072041/http://www.raaga.com/channels/kannada/album/K0000114.html |url-status=live |work=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> The songs "Lets Dance" and "Adhe Bhoomi" were hits.<br />
<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Ee Bandhana<br />
| type = [[Soundtrack]]<br />
| artist = [[Mano Murthy]]<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2007|9|25}}<br />
| recorded =<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = [[Anand Audio]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chitraloka.com/news/1257-drama-audio-releasing-soon.html |title=Drama audio releasing soon |access-date=22 February 2014 |archive-date=3 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303044702/http://www.chitraloka.com/news/1257-drama-audio-releasing-soon.html |url-status=live |work=[[Chitraloka.com]]}}</ref><br />
| label =<br />
| producer = [[Mano Murthy]]<br />
| prev_title =<br />
| prev_year =<br />
| next_title =<br />
| next_year =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| total_length = <br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Chanda Nanna Chandramukhi<br />
| lyrics1 = [[Jayanth Kaikini]]<br />
| extra1 = [[Udit Narayan]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]<br />
| length1 = 05:35<br />
| title2 = Adhe Bhoomi Adhe Bhanu (Part 1)<br />
| lyrics2 = Jayanth Kaikini<br />
| extra2 = [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]<br />
| length2 = 05:27<br />
| title3 = Banna Banna<br />
| lyrics3 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]<br />
| extra3 = [[Kunal Ganjawala]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]<br />
| length3 = 04:16<br />
| title4 = Ugadi Ugadi<br />
| extra4 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Nanditha (singer)|Nanditha]]<br />
| lyrics4 = [[K. Kalyan]]<br />
| length4 = 04:46<br />
| title5 = Lets Dance Mathe Mathe<br />
| extra5 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Chaitra H. G.]]<br />
| lyrics5 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]<br />
| length5 = 07:47<br />
| title6 = Adhe Bhoomi Adhe Bhanu (Part 2)<br />
| extra6 = Sonu Nigam, Shreya Ghoshal<br />
| lyrics6 = Jayanth Kaikini<br />
| length6 = 05:27<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Release and reception==<br />
The film was scheduled to release on 9 November 2007,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/nov/07slid1.htm|title=Ee Bandhana, Kannada's Diwali gift|work=[[Rediff.com]]|author=R. G. Vijayasarathy|access-date=3 October 2023|archive-date=19 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519024817/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/nov/07slid1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> but it was delayed.<br />
<br />
''Ee Bandhana'' received generally positive reviews from film critics upon its release. The lead actors Vishnuvardhan and Jayapradha were garnered with best performances by all the critics. Darshan's special appearance was also lauded by most of the critics. Actors [[Ananth Nag]] and [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] too got critical appraisals for their portrayals. [[Sify.com]] rated the movie 3 stars and declared the film as "above average".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/e-bandhana-review-kannada-14579905.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408185716/http://www.sify.com/movies/e-bandhana-review-kannada-14579905.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-04-08|title=Movie Review : E Bandhana - Sify|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> [[Rediff.com]] lauded the technical team's effort and rated 3 out of 5 stars and commented that the film is "worth watching".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/dec/21sseb.htm |title=Ee Bandhana is worth watching |access-date=22 February 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924144114/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/dec/21sseb.htm |url-status=live |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Awards ==<br />
* [[Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
# [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress - Kannada]] - [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*{{IMDb title|6802154}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ee Bandhana}}<br />
[[Category:2007 films]]<br />
[[Category:2007 Kannada-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2007 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Hindi films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Mano Murthy]]<br />
[[Category:2007 directorial debut films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Vijayalakshmi Singh]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adugu_Jaadalu&diff=456264Adugu Jaadalu2026-03-03T20:33:19Z<p>JerryGuerrero: cleanup formatting per standard format and cleaned formatting per sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Adugu Jaadalu<br />
| image = Adugu Jaadalu.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| writer = [[Samudrala Jr.|Samudrala Jr]] {{small|(dialogues)}}<br />
| screenplay = Tapi Chanakya<br />
| producer = M. Sambasiva Rao<br />G. Vandanam<br />
| director = [[Tapi Chanakya]]<br />
| starring = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]<br />[[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]]<br />[[S. V. Ranga Rao]]<br />
| music = [[Master Venu]]<br />
| cinematography = Annayya<br />
| editing = Marthand<br />
| studio = Nava Jyothi Films<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1966|9|29}}<br />
| runtime = 135 mins<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
| budget =<br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Adugu Jaadalu''''' ({{translation|''Footsteps''}}) is a 1966 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[philosophical fiction|philosophical film]], produced by the M. Sambasiva Rao, G. Vandanamon under Nava Jyothi Films banner It stars [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], [[S. V. Ranga Rao]] with music composed by [[Master Venu]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yashodhara|date=3 October 1966|title=అడుగు జాడలు |trans-title=Adugu Jaadalu|work=[[Visalaandhra]]|url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GGV/0,0,2550,1650|access-date=12 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=1 October 1966|title=అడుగు జాడలు |trans-title=Adugu Jaadalu|work=[[Andhra Jyothi]]|url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GGT/0,0,2550,1650|access-date=12 September 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Dr. Krishna is a nobleman enriched with human values & norms and dedicated his life to his hospital. Plus, he is under research on inventing an anti-polio medicine. Dr. Vijay, the grandson of Zamindar Sivaramakrishna Prasad, is a medical graduate but still enjoys his life frolic and constantly quarrels with Parvati, the daughter of Krishna. Once, Krishna gets a massive breathing attack when Vijay also meets with an accident, and they utilize the oxygen cylinder allotted for Krishna to Vijay. As a result, Krishna dies, which leaves his hospital & patients as orphans. Soon after recovery, everyone loathes Vijay, and Parvati claims him as a homicide, making him repent. During that plight, a nurse, Sarada, guides him, who aims to follow in Krishna's footsteps and joins as a doctor in his hospital. Initially, Vijay faces the music, which he thresholds and craves himself as an amicable. Anyhow, he calls for something else about the ideologies of Krishna when Sarada notifies him about his diary. So, Vijay proceeds to Parvati, but she detests him and hands him to the hospital. Nobody gets and throws it into the dustbin as it is in code. Vijay acquires and decodes it with admiration and dedication. Currently, he likes to divulge to Parvati, which she denies. Whereat, she meets with an accident and tragically loses her eyesight. Further, her hatred towards Vijay and the public insults to him magnifies. However, with cheerfulness, Vijay moves on and starts serving Parvati as Shekar. Meanwhile, Vijay triumphs over Krishna's research, which repudiates Parvati and spits doctors. They all file a charge against Vijay, saying he has gained victory by stealing Krishna's diary. During the inquiry, all imputed him as a criminal, and the medical board terminated him. After that judgment, Vijay seeks to speak for a while, shows the people Krishna aided in his life without giving his identity, and reads the diary affirming an adage of human values that tells how blissful one gets while succoring without selfishness. At last, the entire world comprehends Vijay's virtue, including Parvati, and the knowledge that Vijay is only Shekar pleads pardon. Following, she recoups her vision. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with the marriage of Vijay & Parvati.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
*[[N. T. Rama Rao]] as Dr. Vijay<br />
*[[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] as Parvathi<br />
*[[S. V. Ranga Rao]] as Dr. Krishna<br />
*[[Relangi Venkatramaiah|Relangi]] as Padmasri Sivaramakrishna Prasad<br />
*[[V. Nagayya]] as Doctor <br />
*[[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]] as Singanna <br />
*[[Mikkilineni (actor)|Mikkilineni]] as Doctor <br />
*[[Chalam (actor)|Chalam]] as Shyam <br />
*Surabhi Balasaraswathi as Sarada <br />
*[[Rama Prabha]] as Kokila<br />
*Kakarala as Dr. Ram<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Adugu Jaadalu<br />
| type = film<br />
| artist = [[Master Venu]]<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = 1966<br />
| recorded =<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = Soundtrack<br />
| length = 29:12<br />
| label =<br />
| producer = [[Master Venu]]<br />
| prev_title =<br />
| prev_year =<br />
| next_title =<br />
| next_year =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Music composed by [[Master Venu]]. <br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!S. No.!!Song title !!Lyrics !!Singers !!length<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|"Manase Madhugeetamai"<br />
|[[Sri Sri (writer)|Sri Sri]]<br />
|[[P. Susheela]]<br />
|3:47<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|"Antha Kopamaithe"<br />
|[[C. Narayana Reddy]]<br />
|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], P. Susheela<br />
|3:19<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|"Bhayamu Vadelenule"<br />
|[[Kosaraju Raghavaiah|Kosaraju]]<br />
|[[P. B. Srinivas]], [[L. R. Eeswari]]<br />
|3:50<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|"Chinnoda Bullemma"<br />
|[[Aarudhra]]<br />
|Ghantasala, P. Susheela<br />
|6:44<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|"Mallelukurisina"<br />
|[[C. Narayana Reddy]]<br />
|Ghantasala, P. Susheela<br />
|4:25<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|"Moogavoyiana"<br />
|Sri Sri<br />
|P. Susheela<br />
|3:40<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|"Thoolisolenu"<br />
|Sri Sri<br />
|Ghantasala, Vasantha<br />
|3:27<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb title|tt0157292}}<br />
<br />
{{Tapi Chanakya}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian drama films]]<br />
[[Category:1966 Telugu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1966 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Tapi Chanakya]]<br />
[[Category:1966 drama films]]<br />
[[Category:1966 films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Master Venu]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Esha_Gupta&diff=468542Esha Gupta2026-02-24T22:52:01Z<p>JerryGuerrero: cleanup page as per guidelines</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actress, model, and beauty pageant titleholder (born 1985)}}<br />
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox pageant titleholder<br />
|name = Esha Gupta<br />
|image = Esha Gupta graces the launch of Neha Gupta’s Festive Spring Summer 2018 collection (04) (cropped).jpg<br />
|caption = Gupta in Miss India 2007|<nowiki>Femina Miss India International 2009]]</nowiki><br />
|competitions = [[Femina Miss India|Femina Miss India 2007]]<br />[[Miss International 2007]]<br />
|birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India<br />
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|11|28|df=yes}}<br />
|years_active = 2012–present<br />
|relatives =<br />
|website = {{URL|https://www.eshaguptaofficial.com/}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Esha Gupta''' ({{IPAc-en|'|iː|ʃ|ə|_|'|g|ʊ|p|t|ə}}; born 28 November 1985)<ref name="dob1">{{cite web |title=Birthday Special: Esha Gupta's Knockout Looks! |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/birthday-special-esha-guptas-knockout-looks/20141128.htm |website=[[Rediff]] |access-date=29 May 2016 |date=28 November 2014 |archive-date=3 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803170450/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/birthday-special-esha-guptas-knockout-looks/20141128.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="dob2">{{cite web |title=Esha Gupta's birthday wish: To do a 'masala 'film |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-esha-gupta-s-birthday-wish-to-do-a-masala-film-1770865 |website=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |access-date=29 May 2016 |date=28 November 2012 |archive-date=14 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814000647/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-esha-gupta-s-birthday-wish-to-do-a-masala-film-1770865 |url-status=live}}</ref> is an Indian actress, model, and beauty pageant titleholder. She works in [[Hindi]] films. She was crowned [[Femina Miss India| Femina Miss India International 2007]] and represented India at [[Miss International 2007]]. She made her acting debut with the crime thriller ''[[Jannat 2]]'' (2012) receiving a [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/planet-glamour-act-ii/987462/0 |title=Planet glamour Act II |work=The Financial Express |date=13 August 2012 |access-date=2 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215120420/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/planet-glamour-act-ii/987462/0 |archive-date=15 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gupta entered the [[Femina Miss India]] contest in 2007, where she placed third and won the Miss India International title and later represented India at the [[Miss International 2007|Miss International]] pageant.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Esha Gupta's complete beauty evolution |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/esha-gupta-complete-beauty-evolution%3famp |access-date=27 September 2017 |website=Vogue |language=en-IN}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Post her debut, Gupta has received praises for her portrayal in the political drama ''[[Chakravyuh (2012 film)|Chakravyuh]]'' (2012), but her performance in the comedy film ''[[Humshakals]]'' (2014) met with negative reviews. Her highest-grossing releases came with the horror thriller ''[[Raaz 3D]]'' (2013), the crime drama ''[[Rustom (film)|Rustom]]'' (2016), and the action-adventure ''[[Baadshaho]]'' (2017).<br />
<br />
==Early life and work==<br />
Esha Gupta was born on 28 November 1985 in [[New Delhi]].<ref name="dob1" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Birthday special: Things you may not know about Esha Gupta |url=http://www.mid-day.com/photos/birthday-special-things-you-may-not-know-about-esha-gupta/4218 |website=Mid Day |access-date=29 May 2016 |archive-date=10 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610135228/http://www.mid-day.com/photos/birthday-special-things-you-may-not-know-about-esha-gupta/4218 |url-status=live}}</ref> Her father is a retired [[Indian Air Force|Air Force]] officer and her mother is a homemaker.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://idiva.com/news-health/celeb-fitness-mantras-esha-gupta/12861 |title=Celeb Fitness Mantras: Esha Gupta |date=22 May 2012 |publisher=iDiva |access-date=14 December 2012 |archive-date=14 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014063216/http://idiva.com/news-health/celeb-fitness-mantras-esha-gupta/12861 |url-status=live}}</ref> She has a sister named Neha. She spent most of her childhood in [[Dehradun]], [[Hyderabad]] and Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/events/delhi/Omega-Ladymatic-launch/articleshow/10882814.cms |title=Esha and Neha Gupta at the launch of Omega's 'Ladymatic' watch at Taj Palace, Delhi on November 23, 2011 |work=The Times of India |access-date=10 April 2013 |archive-date=19 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219074710/http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/events/delhi/Omega-Ladymatic-launch/articleshow/10882814.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Gupta completed her graduation in mass communication from the School of Communication, [[Manipal Academy of Higher Education|Manipal University]], [[Manipal]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/lesser-known-facts-about-esha-gupta/Acting-over-education/photostory/60361028.cms |title=Acting over education - Lesser known facts about Esha Gupta |website=The Times of India |date=29 August 2018 |access-date=18 November 2019 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012020949/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/lesser-known-facts-about-esha-gupta/Acting-over-education/photostory/60361028.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gupta participated in [[Femina Miss India]] in 2007, where she won Miss Photogenic<ref name=missi>{{cite web |url=http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/titleholder/articleshow/6260972.cms |title=Miss India Winners 2007 – Miss India – Title Holders – Femina Miss India – Indiatimes |work=The Times of India |date=16 July 2012 |access-date=13 August 2012 |archive-date=1 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201055338/http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/titleholder/articleshow/6260972.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> and came in 3rd to go on to compete in Miss India International.<ref name=missi2>{{cite web |url=http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/photoshow/6251553.cms?curpg=4 |title=Esha Gupta - Femina Miss India 2007 Contestants |work=The Times of India |access-date=14 August 2012 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516032443/http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/photoshow/6251553.cms?curpg=4 |url-status=live}}</ref> She featured in the [[Kingfisher Calendar]] in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |author=ninjas |url=http://guylife.com/slideshow-babes/sexy-kingfisher-calendar-girls/8795/4 |title=Sexy Kingfisher Calendar Girls &#124; guylife.com &#124; Page 4 |publisher=guylife.com |access-date=13 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526132142/http://guylife.com/slideshow-babes/sexy-kingfisher-calendar-girls/8795/4 |archive-date=26 May 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Later she pursued a career in [[Bollywood]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/bollywood-wasn-t-esha-gupta-s-first-choice/story-iMVBTECfWq22p0apVmeEQI.html |title=Bollywood wasn't Esha Gupta's first choice |work=Hindustan Times |date=15 January 2013 |access-date=10 April 2013 |archive-date=27 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427044735/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/bollywood-wasn-t-esha-gupta-s-first-choice/story-iMVBTECfWq22p0apVmeEQI.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
===Debut and early work (2012–2017)===<br />
[[File:Chakravyuh Music Launch.jpg|thumb|Gupta at an event in 2014]]<br />
<br />
Gupta made her [[Bollywood]] debut with [[Mahesh Bhatt]]'s ''[[Jannat 2]]'' in 2012 opposite [[Emraan Hashmi]] in the lead role.<br />
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiavision.com/news/article/entertainment/300018/emraan-is-usp-of-jannat-2-esha-gupta |title=/ Emraan is USP of Jannat 2: Esha Gupta |publisher=Indiavision.com |date=25 April 2012 |access-date=13 August 2012 |archive-date=15 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815073535/http://www.indiavision.com/news/article/entertainment/300018/emraan-is-usp-of-jannat-2-esha-gupta |url-status=dead}}</ref> For her debut performance, Taran Adarsh of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' said, "Debutante Esha Gupta enchants you with her captivating charm. She appears a tad unrefined at places, nonetheless she handles her part assertively."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/547835 |title=Jannat 2 (2012) &#124; Hindi Movie Critic Review By Taran Adarsh |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=13 August 2012 |archive-date=16 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716035905/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/547835 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Martin D'Souza]] of ''Glam Sham'' wrote, "As for the debutante, Esha Gupta, I guess she may have to enroll herself into an acting school."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.glamsham.com/movies/reviews/jannat-2-movie-review-051205.asp |title=Jannat 2 movie review |publisher=glamsham.com |date=4 May 2012 |access-date=13 August 2012 |archive-date=5 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805032840/http://www.glamsham.com/movies/reviews/jannat-2-movie-review-051205.asp |url-status=live}}</ref> Gaurav Malani stated, "Esha Gupta, who looks a mix between [[Lara Dutta]] and [[Isha Koppikar]], is merely there for the glam quotient."<ref>{{cite web |author=Gaurav Malani |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Jannat-2-Movie-Review/articleshow/12987504.cms |title=Jannat 2: Movie Review |date=4 May 2012 |access-date=13 August 2012 |archive-date=25 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025063733/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-04/news-interviews/31572233_1_sonu-dilli-emraan-hashmi-love-story |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was a success at the box office, earning {{INRConvert|430|m}} domestically and thus brought in more recognition for Gupta. Later, Gupta signed [[Vikram Bhatt]]'s ''[[Raaz 3D]]'' alongside her Jannat 2 co-star, Emraan Hashmi and [[Bipasha Basu]], Gupta received mixed reviews from critics for her acting prowess, film critic [[Komal Nahta]] noted, "Esha Gupta is stiff as Sanjana but does much better towards the end (when she almost goes berserk)".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koimoi.com/reviews/raaz-3-review/ |title=Raaz 3 Movie Review &#124; Emraan Hashmi, Bipasha Basu, Esha Gupta |publisher=Koimoi.com |date=27 October 2012 |access-date=2 November 2012 |archive-date=23 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023131421/http://www.koimoi.com/reviews/raaz-3-review/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Critics-report-Raaz-3-gets-mixed-reviews/Article1-925966.aspx |title=Critics report: Raaz 3 gets mixed reviews |work=Hindustan Times |date=7 September 2012 |access-date=2 November 2012 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105042513/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Critics-report-Raaz-3-gets-mixed-reviews/Article1-925966.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[India Today]]'' wrote, "Both Bipasha and Esha get liberal scope to show off booty. A Bhatt film where the heroines don't get to flaunt it is unimaginable, after all, Bipasha looks hot in her starring role but Esha reveals a few raw edges".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/movie-review-raaz-3-115516-2012-09-07 |title=Movie review: Raaz 3 : Reviews, News |work=India Today |date=7 September 2012 |access-date=2 November 2012 |archive-date=2 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102140529/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/movie-review-raaz-3/1/216481.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Raaz 3: The Third Dimension|Raaz 3D]]'' performed well at box office within first three days of its release with collections in the vicinity of 360&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=7 September 2012 |title=Raaz 3 Box Office Collection {{!}} India {{!}} Day Wise {{!}} Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/raaz-3-2/box-office/ |access-date=29 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Her third film of the year, ''[[Chakravyuh (2012 film)|Chakravyuh]]'', was invited to premiere at [[London Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/prakash-jhas-chakravyuh-invited-to-premiere-at-london-film-fest-606355 |title=Prakash Jha's Chakravyuh invited to premiere at London Film Fest |date=27 July 2012 |publisher=ndtv.com}}</ref> [[Sukanya Verma]] noted, "Esha's character makes zero contribution to whatever scenes she has."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-chakravyuh-is-just-your-average-action-flick/20121024.htm |title=Review: Chakravyuh is just your average action flick |date=24 October 2012 |work=Rediff |accessdate=1 April 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gupta appeared in a cameo in ''[[Gori Tere Pyaar Mein]]''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131122182441/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/gori-tere-pyaar-mein-review-the-film-struggles-to-hold-your-attention/435681-47-84.html 'Gori Tere Pyaar Mein' review: The film struggles to hold your attention:IBNLive Videos]. CNN-IBN. Retrieved 14 August 2015.</ref> In 2014, she was seen in [[Sajid Khan]]'s ''[[Humshakals]]'' alongside [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Riteish Deshmukh]], Bipasha Basu and [[Tamannaah]]. [[Box Office India]] declared it a "disaster".<ref>{{cite news |last=Lalwani |first=Vickey |title=Sajid Khan replaces Jacqueline with Esha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Sajid-Khan-replaces-Jacqueline-with-Esha/articleshow/20404194.cms |access-date=4 June 2013 |date=3 June 2013 |archive-date=9 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609131751/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-03/news-interviews/39713919_1_jacqueline-fernandez-sajid-khan-sajid-and-jacqueline |newspaper=The Times of India |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/humshakals-box-office-collections-despite-criticism-sajid-khan-has-the-last-laugh/1267008/1 |title=Humshakals box office collections: Despite criticism, Sajid Khan has the last laugh |last=Geety Sahgal |date=7 July 2014 |work=The Financial Express |access-date=20 July 2014}}</ref> Gupta played a high society woman in the 2016 film ''[[Rustom (film)|Rustom]]''. It became a box office success grossing over ₹210 crore (US$26 million) worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/rustom-box-office-collection-day-7-akshay-kumar-happy-bhaag-jayegi-2984678/ |title=Rustom box office day 7 collection: Akshay Kumar film to cross Rs 100 crore this weekend |date=19 August 2016 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> ''[[Mumbai Mirror]]'' stated, "Gupta steals the show (unintentionally) with her OTT makeup and her misplaced expressions."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indicine.com/movies/bollywood/rustom-reviews-critics/ |title=Rustom Reviews by Critics|date=12 August 2016 }}</ref> Gupta had three releases in 2017. She played the main antagonist in action film [[Commando 2: The Black Money Trail|''Commando 2'']], which was a moderate box-office success.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://m.mid-day.com/articles/commando-sequel-to-go-on-floors-today-in-mumbai/16961193 |title=Commando' sequel to go on floors on Wednesday in Mumbai |newspaper=[[Mid-Day]] |date=17 February 2016 |access-date=20 February 2016}}</ref> She then appeared in ''[[Baadshaho]]'' opposite Hashmi, in their third film together.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Ajay-Devgn-announces-the-release-date-of-Baadshaho-with-a-philosophical-message/articleshow/55871887.cms |title=Ajay Devgn announces the release date of 'Baadshaho' with a philosophical message |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> She then made her Telugu and Tamil debut with the bilingual film ''[[Veedevadu]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2017/sep/23/veedevadu-review-makes-you-ask-why-instead-of-who-1657847.html |title=Veedevadu review: Makes you ask 'why' instead of 'who' |website=The New Indian Express |date=23 September 2017 |access-date=29 January 2022 |archive-date=29 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129023359/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2017/sep/23/veedevadu-review-makes-you-ask-why-instead-of-who-1657847.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Further career and expansion (2018–present)===<br />
[[File:Esha Gupta snapped on sets of High Fever… Dance Ka Naya Tevar (04).jpg|thumb|upright|Gupta at the sets of ''High Fever… Dance Ka Naya Tevar'' in 2018]]<br />
<br />
Gupta played an officer' wife in [[J.P. Dutta]]'s ''[[Paltan (film)|Paltan]]'' in 2018 opposite Arjun Rampal.<ref>{{cite web |title=JP Dutta's Paltan first poster out, film to release on September 7 |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/jp-dutta-s-paltan-first-poster-out-film-to-release-on-september-7/story-8f1N7x1ktHGrJ2Ca6Cf2kL.html&sa=U&ved=2ahUKEwi41o_Z7ebZAhVHsI8KHddPDm4QFjAAegQICBAB&usg=AOvVaw37ZXNuT4Dp-sv-RDgFhcy5 |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=6 March 2018 |language=en |date=6 March 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' termed her "blissfully blank".<ref>{{Cite web |author=Bollywood |title=Paltan movie review: Hindi-Chini why-why? |work=Hindustan Times |date=7 September 2018 |access-date=20 September 2018 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/paltan-review-a-lifeless-war-film/story-i2VlP9kbvpp0ue1PBSyCBK_amp.html}}</ref> She also made her television debut as a judge with [[& TV]]'s ''High Fever — Dance Ka Naya Tevar'' in 2018. In 2019, she had a cameo in comedy film ''[[Total Dhamaal]]''. The film grossed ₹200 crore (US$28 million) worldwide in twelve days of release, and was one of the [[List of Bollywood films of 2019|highest grossing Bollywood films of 2019]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/total-dhamaal-box-office-collection-day-12-the-ajay-devgn-starrer-comedy-flick-holds-well-on-its-second-tuesday/articleshow/68283980.cms |title='Total Dhamaal' box office collection Day 12: The Ajay Devgn starrer comedy flick holds well on its second Tuesday |website=The Times of India |date=6 March 2019 |language=en |access-date=23 March 2019 |archive-date=31 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331110615/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/total-dhamaal-box-office-collection-day-12-the-ajay-devgn-starrer-comedy-flick-holds-well-on-its-second-tuesday/articleshow/68283980.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> The same year, she played [[Deputy commissioner|DCP]] in ''[[One Day: Justice Delivered]]'' alongside [[Anupam Kher]]. [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[Indian Express]]'' noted, "Esha Gupta's portrayal as a tough crime branch officer took away the 'credibility of the film' whatever it had."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/one-day-justice-delivered-movie-review-rating-5816181/ |title=One Day Justice Delivered movie review: Case dismissed |first=Shubhra |last=Gupta |date=6 July 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gupta expanded to web shows in 2020. She made her web debut with ''[[RejctX]]'''s second season.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/goldie-behl-director-rejctx-zee5-original-digital-medium-5930861/ |title=Goldie Behl: Web medium has a cinema narrative but timeline is similar to TV |accessdate=23 August 2019 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> She then appeared in ''Nakaab'' in 2021. In 2022, she played [[Bobby Deol]]'s image-maker in the third season of Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[crime drama]] web series ''[[Aashram]]''. ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote, "Esha Gupta looks good as Sonia but the show under-utilises her."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aashram season 3 review: Bobby Deol is the saving grace in this over-the-top 90s film disguised as a web series |access-date=20 July 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=3 June 2022 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/aashram-season-3-review-bobby-deol-is-the-saving-grace-in-this-over-the-top-90s-film-disguised-as-a-web-series-101654198778391-amp.html}}</ref> Gupta will next appear in [[Ameesha Patel]]'s much delayed ''[[Desi Magic]]''. She also has ''[[Hera Pheri (film series)|Hera Pheri 3]]'' and ''File No. 323'' in the pipeline.<ref name="EGBF">{{Cite news |title=Esha Gupta to play the lead in Suniel Shetty and Anurag Kashyap's File No 323 |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=16 November 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/esha-gupta-to-play-the-lead-in-anurag-kashyaps-file-no-323-exclusive/articleshow/95555621.cms}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Activism==<br />
Esha is seen participating in environmental initiatives<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/hot-news/protecting-nature-isn-t-about-a-nation-esha-gupta#read-more |title=Protecting nature isn't about a nation: Esha Gupta |date=3 September 2019 |publisher=thequint.com}}</ref> including “Beach Cleanup Drives”,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/entertainment/bollywood/100-weeks-of-dadar-beach-cleanup-esha-gupta-participates-in-cleanliness-drive20190722014124/ |title=100 weeks of Dadar beach cleanup: Esha Gupta participates in cleanliness drive |publisher=aninews.in}}</ref> “Walk for saving the Mangroves”,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/environment/walk-for-mangroves-a-bhamla-foundation-initiative-was-graced-by-aditya-thackeray-esha-gupta-zorawar-kalra-and-malhar-kalambe-37673 |title=Walk For Mangroves: A Bhamla Foundation Initiative Was Graced By Aditya Thackeray, Esha Gupta, Zorawar Kalra And Malhar Kalambe |date=16 July 2019 |publisher=mumbailive.com}}</ref> protecting the forests.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/economy-finance/bollywood-celebs-protest-order-to-cut-trees-in-aarey-for-metro |title=Mumbai Celebs Join Citizens To Protest Order To Cut Trees In Aarey For Metro |work=BloombergQuint |date=September 2019 |publisher=bloombergquint.com |access-date=3 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303173213/https://www.bloombergquint.com/economy-finance/bollywood-celebs-protest-order-to-cut-trees-in-aarey-for-metro |url-status=dead }}</ref> She is also associated with Surman Sansthan towards girl child upliftment and education.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodtadka.in/entertainment/news/esha-gupta-visits-surman-institute-and-spends-time-with-kids-1467555 |title=Esha Gupta visits surman institute and spends time with kids |date=3 October 2021 |publisher=bollywoodtadka.in}}</ref> She also supports Sealegacy<ref>{{Cite web |title=twitter.com|url=https://twitter.com/Sea_Legacy/status/1588924739250262020 |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |language=en}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=February 2024}} to raise awareness towards saving Shark species from extinction. <br />
<br />
==Personal life and public image==<br />
[[File:Esha Gupta snapped at Olive in Bandra (08).jpg|thumb|upright|Gupta in 2017]]<br />
<br />
Gupta is dating [[Spain]]-based Manuel Campos Guallar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Esha Gupta Opens Up On BF Manuel Campos Guallar: We Knew It Was Long Distance |work=Outlook India |date=31 March 2022 |access-date=31 August 2022 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/esha-gupta-opens-up-on-bf-manuel-campos-guallar-we-knew-it-was-long-distance-news-189379}}</ref> She is a [[Veganism|vegan]]. Gupta said at the time that "being vegetarian saved the lives of animals and she thought it was a healthy way for both humans and the planet to embrace vegetarianism."<ref>[https://archive.today/20230123223024/https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/lifestyle/eight-vegans-in-bollywood-you-can-take-inspiration-from "Eight vegans in Bollywood you can take inspiration from!"]. nationalheraldindia.com. Retrieved 20 January 2023.</ref><br />
<br />
Gupta ranked 5th in 2017, 21st in 2018<ref>{{Cite news |title=Here are the other winners of The Times 50 Most Desirable Women 2017 |work=The Times of India |access-date=21 November 2018 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/here-are-the-other-winners-of-the-times-50-most-desirable-women-2017/articleshow/64097758.cms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Meet India's 50 most desirable divas of 2018 |work=The Times of India |access-date=29 November 2019 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/meet-indias-most-desirable-divas/articleshow/69468095.cms}}</ref> and 32nd in 2019 in [[Times of India|''Times''{{'}} 50 Most Desirable Women]] list.<ref>{{Cite news |title=MEET THE TIMES 50 MOST DESIRABLE WOMEN 2019 |work=The Times of India |access-date=25 November 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/meet-indias-most-desirable-divas/articleshow/77805527.cms}}</ref> Gupta is an endorser of brands such as Hazoorilal Legacy and gaming brand Khelraja.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Esha Gupta to be an ambassador of jewellery brand |work=India TV News |date=30 June 2016 |access-date=11 December 2017 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-esha-gupta-jewellary-brand-ambassador-337305}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Online gaming platform Khelraja unveils Esha Gupta as its brand ambassador |work=The Financial Express |access-date=12 September 2019 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/brandwagon-online-gaming-platform-khelraja-unveils-esha-gupta-as-its-brand-ambassador-2913169/lite/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ansari |first=Sophia |date=2025-03-06 |title=Esha Gupta जिसने आश्रम 3 वेब सीरीज में मचाया तहलका |url=https://khabarhartaraf.in/photos/esha-gupta-hot-photos/ |access-date=2025-03-21 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
===Films===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Key<br />
| style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger|alt=Productions that have not yet been released}}<br />
| Denotes productions that have not yet been released<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*''All films are in Hindi unless otherwise noted.''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
!class="unsortable"| Notes<br />
!class="unsortable"| Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2012<br />
|scope="row"| ''[[Jannat 2]]''<br />
| Dr. Jhanvi Singh Tomar<br />
| Debut film<br />
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Jannat 2 Cast & Crew |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/547835 |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=29 May 2016 |archive-date=1 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501081141/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/547835 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|scope="row"| ''[[Raaz 3D]]''<br />
| Sanjana Krishna<br />
| <br />
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Raaz 3 Cast & Crew |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/546056 |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=29 May 2016 |archive-date=30 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530081335/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/546056 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|scope="row"| ''[[Chakravyuh (2012 film)|Chakravyuh]]''<br />
| Rhea Menon<br />
| <br />
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Chakravyuh Cast & Crew |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=29 May 2016 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012020958/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/chakravyuh-2/ |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
|scope="row"| ''[[Gori Tere Pyaar Mein]]''<br />
| Nisha<br />
| <br />
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Gori Tere Pyaar Mein! Cast & Crew |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=29 May 2016 |archive-date=16 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616185159/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/584414/Gori%20Tere%20Pyaar%20Mein! |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
|scope="row"| ''[[Humshakals]]''<br />
| Dr. Shivani Gupta<br />
| <br />
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Humshakals Cast & Crew |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=29 May 2016 |archive-date=16 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616185441/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/600582/Humshakals |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2015<br />
|scope="row"| ''[[Baby (2015 Hindi film)|Baby]]''<br />
| Herself<br />
| Special appearance in the song "Beparwah"<br />
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Baby Cast & Crew |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/506895 |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=29 May 2016 |archive-date=16 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616185156/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/506895 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2016<br />
|scope="row" | ''[[Rustom (film)|Rustom]]''<br />
| Priti Makhija<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Esha Gupta and Ileana D'Cruz in Akshay Kumar starrer Rustom |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=9 February 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/17343966/Esha-Gupta-and-Ileana-DCruz-in-Akshay-Kumar-starrer-Rustom |archive-date=16 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616183452/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/17343966/Esha-Gupta-and-Ileana-DCruz-in-Akshay-Kumar-starrer-Rustom |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|scope="row" | ''[[Tutak Tutak Tutiya]]''<br />
| Herself<br />
| Special appearance in the song "Rail Gaddi"<br />
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Esha Gupta to debut in Tollywood in Sachiin Joshi's next |last=Pasupulate |first=Karthik |work=The Times of India |date=11 May 2015 |access-date=29 May 2016 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Esha-Gupta-to-debut-in-Tollywood-in-Sachiin-Joshis-next/articleshow/47330323.cms |archive-date=27 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227101159/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Esha-Gupta-to-debut-in-Tollywood-in-Sachiin-Joshis-next/articleshow/47330323.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2017<br />
| scope="row" | ''[[Commando 2]]''<br />
| Maria / Vicky Chaddha<br />
| <br />
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Doing 'Commando 2', not playing negative: Esha Gupta |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |work=The Indian Express |date=17 May 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/doing-commando-2-not-playing-negative-esha-gupta/ |archive-date=2 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602183409/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/doing-commando-2-not-playing-negative-esha-gupta/ |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| scope="row" | ''[[Baadshaho]]''<br />
| Sanjana<br />
| <br />
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/20202308/Ileana-DCruz-Esha-Gupta-roped-in-for-Milan-Luthrias-Baadshaho |title=Ileana D'Cruz, Esha Gupta roped in for Milan Luthria's Baadshaho |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=22 June 2016 |access-date=14 August 2016 |archive-date=8 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808175816/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/20202308/Ileana-DCruz-Esha-Gupta-roped-in-for-Milan-Luthrias-Baadshaho |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| scope="row" | ''[[Veedevadu]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" | Shruti<br />
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film<br />
| <ref name="indianexpress.com">{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/esha-gupta-to-undergo-workshop-for-telugu-debut/ |title=Esha Gupta to undergo workshop for Telugu debut |date=20 May 2015 |access-date=14 February 2017 |archive-date=14 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214180658/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/esha-gupta-to-undergo-workshop-for-telugu-debut/ |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| scope="row" | ''[[Yaar Ivan]]''<br />
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film<br />
| <ref name="indianexpress.com"/><br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|''[[Paltan (film)|Paltan]]''<br />
| Lt. Col. Raj Singh's wife <br />
| Special Appearance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|2019<br />
|''[[Vinaya Vidheya Rama]]''<br />
| Sharanya<br />
| Telugu film; Special appearance in the song "Ek Baar Ek Baar"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Total Dhamaal]]''<br />
| Prachi Malrotkar <br />
| Cameo appearance <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|''[[One Day: Justice Delivered]]''<br />
|[[Deputy Commissioner of Police|DCP]] Laxmi Rathi<br />
| <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2026<br />
| {{pending film|italic=no|''[[Dhamaal 4]]''}}<br />
| {{TableTBA}}<br />
| Filming<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhamaal 4: Esha Gupta Joins Ajay Devgn And Team In Hilarious Franchise Comeback |work=News 18 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/dhamaal-4-esha-gupta-joins-ajay-devgn-and-team-in-hilarious-franchise-comeback-ws-kl-9373754.html |access-date=26 August 2023}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
!class="unsortable"| Notes<br />
!class="unsortable"| Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2012 <br />
| ''[[National Geographic Channel (India)#Shows|NAT GEO Super Cars]]'' <br />
| Host <br />
| <br />
|<ref>[http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1557984/Esha-Gupta-to-host-Supercars-on-National-Geographic-Channel Esha Gupta to host Supercars on National Geographic Channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907070517/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1557984/Esha-Gupta-to-host-Supercars-on-National-Geographic-Channel |date=7 September 2012 }}, 4 September 2012</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[C.I.D. (Indian TV series)|C.I.D]]''<br />
| Herself <br />
| Episode: "Bhootiya Haveli"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2018 <br />
| ''High Fever — Dance Ka Naya Tevar''<br />
| Judge <br />
| <br />
|<ref>[https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/esha-gupta-turns-judge-dance-reality-show/ Esha Gupta turns judge for dance reality show] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618223018/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/esha-gupta-turns-judge-dance-reality-show/ |date=18 June 2018 }}, 15 May 2018</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Web series===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
!class="unsortable"| Notes<br />
!class="unsortable"| Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|[[RejctX|''REJCTX'']]<br />
|Officer Renee Ray<br />
|Season 2<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|''[[Nakaab]]''<br />
|Officer Aditi Amre<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2022 - Present <br />
|''[[Aashram]]'' <br />
|Sonia <br />
|Season 3 Part 1<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.peepingmoon.com/exclusive-news/news/58178/PeepingMoon-Exclusive-Esha-Gupta-to-play-Bobby-Deols-image-maker-in-Prakash-Jhas-Aashram-season-.html |title=PeepingMoon Exclusive: Esha Gupta to play Bobby Deol's image-maker in Prakash Jha's Aashram season 2!|date=11 January 2019 }}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Music video appearances===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Singer(s)<br />
!class="unsortable"| Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|"[[Main Rahoon Ya Na Rahoon]]"<br />
|[[Armaan Malik]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2021 |title=Happy Birthday Amaal Mallik: 5 Songs of the Music Composer One Can't Miss |url=https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/happy-birthday-amaal-mallik-5-songs-of-the-music-composer-one-cant-miss-3852827.html |access-date=10 July 2021 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi-Esha Gupta team up for 'Main Rahoon Ya Na Rahoon' |agency=Press Trust of India |work=Sify |access-date=29 May 2016 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/emraan-hashmi-esha-gupta-team-up-for-main-rahoon-ya-na-rahoon-imagegallery-bollywood-pl1qCNhbbfagj.html |archive-date=8 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608102159/http://www.sify.com/movies/emraan-hashmi-esha-gupta-team-up-for-main-rahoon-ya-na-rahoon-imagegallery-bollywood-pl1qCNhbbfagj.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2019 <br />
| "Get Dirty"<br />
|Ishika Bakshi, Gourov Das Gupta <br />
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Esha Gupta to Get Dirty |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/esha-gupta-to-get-dirty/710270.html |website=The Trimbune |access-date=19 July 2019 |date=8 January 2019 |archive-date=19 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719131912/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/esha-gupta-to-get-dirty/710270.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|"Booha"<br />
|Shree Brar<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2021 |title=Esha Gupta leaves everyone mesmerized in song 'Booha' with Shree Brar and Mankirat Aulakh. |url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/esha-gupta-leaves-everyone-mesmerized-in-song-booha-with-shree-brar-and-mankirat-aulakh |access-date=10 July 2021 |website=PTC Punjabi}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2025<br />
|"Maniac"<br />
|[[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Maniac: Yo Yo Honey Singh drops new song teaser with Esha Gupta |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/trends/maniac-yo-yo-honey-singh-drops-new-song-teaser-fans-react-to-millionaire-singer-s-collab-with-t-series-esha-gupta-11738652361498.html |work=Live Mint |date=22 February 2025 |access-date=22 February 2025}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|"Ishq Mera"<br />
|[[Jubin Nautiyal]]<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Awards <br />
!Category<br />
!Work<br />
!Result<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|2012<br />
| [[ETC Bollywood Business|ETC Bollywood Business Awards]] <br />
|Most Profitable Debut (Female)<br />
|''[[Raaz 3]]''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DRWFUBFVTxQ&t=28m1s |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/DRWFUBFVTxQ |archive-date=20 December 2021 |url-status=live |title=Bollywood Business Awards 2012 |quote=Event occurs at 28:01 |publisher=[[ETC Bollywood Business]] |date=7 January 2013 |access-date=3 February 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2013<br />
| [[Filmfare Awards]]<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]<br />
| rowspan="2"|''[[Jannat 2]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Zee Cine Award]]<br />
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stardust Award]]<br />
| [[Stardust Award for Superstar of Tomorrow – Female|Superstar of Tomorrow – Female]]<br />
| ''[[Jannat 2]]'' & ''[[Raaz 3]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Stardust Award]]<br />
| [[Stardust Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br />
| ''[[Chakravyuh (2012 film)|Chakravyuh]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| [[Screen Awards]]<br />
| [[Screen Award for Best Actress (Popular Choice)|Best Actress (Popular Choice)]]<br />
| ''[[Humshakals]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| [[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]]<br />
| Most Entertaining Actor in a Thriller Film – Female<br />
| ''[[Rustom (film)|Rustom]]'' <br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bizasialive.com/big-zee-entertainment-awards-nominations-list/ |title=Big ZEE Entertainment Awards: Nominations list |date=22 July 2017 |access-date=10 April 2018 |archive-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626215355/https://www.bizasialive.com/big-zee-entertainment-awards-nominations-list/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|3373271|Esha Gupta}}<br />
* [http://EshaGuptaOfficial.com EshaGuptaOfficial.com]<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{S-ach}}<br />
{{S-bef|before=[[Sonnalli Seygall]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[Miss India International|Miss International India]]<br />
|years=[[Femina Miss India|2007]]}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=Radha Brahmbhatt}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{Miss International 2007 delegates}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{Subject bar<br />
|commons = yes<br />
|commons-search = Category:Esha Gupta<br />
|d = yes<br />
|d-search = Q5397761<br />
|portal1 = Biography<br />
|portal2 = Bollywood<br />
|portal3 = Films<br />
|portal4 = Television<br />
|portal5 = Fashion<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Esha}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1985 births]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from New Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Female models from Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Indian web series actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]<br />
[[Category:Indian beauty pageant winners]]<br />
[[Category:Miss International 2007 delegates]]<br />
[[Category:Manipal Academy of Higher Education alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Delhi]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chauhan_of_Banjara&diff=493704Chauhan of Banjara2026-02-22T17:55:31Z<p>JerryGuerrero: Created a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Banjara people]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campus_School,_CCS_HAU&diff=448548Campus School, CCS HAU2026-02-21T10:52:41Z<p>JerryGuerrero: Updated and refined page content</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Multiple issues|<br />
{{More citations needed|date=September 2025}}<br />
{{No significant coverage|date=September 2025}}<br />
{{Unreliable sources|date=September 2025}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox school<br />
| name = Campus School<br />
| native_name =<br />
| latin_name = <br />
| logo = [[File:Campus School, CCS HAU Logo.jpg|150px|alt=Maroon logo with white background]]<br />
| seal_image = <br />
| image = Campus school hisar entrance.jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| alt = Entrance of Campus School<br />
| caption = <br />
| motto = {{lang|hi|Satyamev Jayate}}<br />
| motto_translation = Truth Stands Invincible<br />
| location = [[Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University|CCS HAU]]<br />
| address = Campus School Road, CCS HAU, Hisar<br />
| region = <br />
| city = [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]]<br />
| state = [[Haryana]]<br />
| province = <br />
| county = <br />
| postal_code = <br />
| zipcode = <br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| country1 = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|29|15|09|N|75|42|56|E|type:edu|display=inline,title}}<br />
| schooltype = [[Secondary school|Senior Secondary]]<br />
| fundingtype = [[State school|Public]]<br />
| type = <br />
| religious_affiliation = <br />
| denomination = <br />
| patron = <br />
| established = {{Start date|1971|11|14|df=y}}<br />
| founded = <br />
| opened = <br />
| founder = [[Anthony Leocadia Fletcher|A. L. Fletcher]]<br />
| status = Open<br />
| closed = <br />
| locale = <br />
| sister_school = <br />
| school_board = [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]<br />
| district = <br />
| us_nces_district_id = <br />
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| authority = <br />
| category = <br />
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| oversight_label = <br />
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| trustee = <br />
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| session = <br />
| school_number = 530002<br />
| school_code = 04035<br />
| MOE = <br />
| ofsted = <br />
| ceeb = <br />
| us_nces_school_id = <br />
| president = <br />
| chair = <br />
| chairman = [[Vice-Chancellor]] ([[CCS HAU]])<br />
| chairperson = <br />
| dean = <br />
| administrator = <br />
| rector = <br />
| director = <br />
| principal = Mr. S.S.S DHULIPALA<br />
| principal_label = [[Principal (school)|Principal]]<br />
| principal1 = <br />
| principal2 = <br />
| principal3 = <br />
| principal4 = <br />
| viceprincipal = <br />
| viceprincipal_label = <br />
| viceprincipal1 = <br />
| viceprincipal2 = <br />
| viceprincipal3 = <br />
| viceprincipal4 = <br />
| asst principal = <br />
| assistant_principals = <br />
| campus_director = <br />
| headmistress = <br />
| headmaster = <br />
| head_of_school = <br />
| head_teacher = <br />
| executive_headteacher = <br />
| acting_headteacher = <br />
| head = Controlling Officer ([[CCS HAU]])<br />
| head_label = [[Vice-chairman]]<br />
| chaplain = <br />
| custodian = <br />
| staff = <br />
| faculty = 37<br />
| teaching_staff = <br />
| employees = <br />
| key_people = <br />
| grades = <br />
| years = 12<br />
| gender = [[Co-educational]]<br />
| lower_age = 6 years<br />
| upper_age = 18 years<br />
| age_range = <br />
| enrolment = <br />
| enrollment = <br />
| enrollment_as_of = <br />
| sixth_form_students = <br />
| gradeK = <br />
| grade1 = <br />
| grade2 = <br />
| grade3 = <br />
| grade4 = <br />
| grade5 = <br />
| grade6 = <br />
| grade7 = <br />
| grade8 = <br />
| grade9 = <br />
| grade10 = <br />
| grade11 = <br />
| grade12 = <br />
| grade13 = <br />
| other = <br />
| other_grade_enrollment = <br />
| other_grade_label = <br />
| international_students = <br />
| classes = <br />
| avg_class_size = <br />
| ratio = 29:1<br />
| system = <br />
| classes_offered = Class I to class XII<br />
| language = [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]]<br />
| schedule_type = <br />
| schedule = <br />
| hours_in_day = 6 hours<br />
| classrooms = <br />
| campuses = <br />
| campus = <br />
| campus_size = <br />
| area = <br />
| campus_type = [[Urban area|Urban]]<br />
| campus_Bound = <br />
| houses = Subhash, Gandhi, Nehru, Tagore, Vivekanand<br />
| colours = {{Color box|white|border=darkgray}} {{Color box|blue|border=darkgray}} White and Blue (Summer) &lt;br/&gt; {{Color box|white|border=darkgray}} {{Color box|grey|border=darkgray}} White and Grey (Winter)<br />
| colors = <br />
| slogan = <br />
| song = <br />
| fight_song = <br />
| athletics = <br />
| athletic_conference = <br />
| sports = [[Volleyball]]<br />
| mascot = <br />
| mascot image = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| team_name = <br />
| rival = <br />
| vision = <br />
| accreditation = <br />
| USNWR_ranking = <br />
| national_ranking = 3rd (2009)<br />
| test_name = <br />
| test_average = <br />
| decile = <br />
| publication = <br />
| newspaper = <br />
| yearbook = <br />
| products = <br />
| endowment = <br />
| budget = <br />
| fees = <br />
| tuition = <br />
| revenue = <br />
| communities = <br />
| feeder_schools = <br />
| feeder_to = <br />
| graduates = <br />
| affiliations = <br />
| alumni = <br />
| nobel_laureates = <br />
| information = <br />
| free_label = First [[Secondary School Certificate|SSC]] Batch passed in<br />
| free_text = 1977<br />
| free_label1 = First [[Higher Secondary School Certificate|HSC]] Batch passed in<br />
| free_text1 = 1985<br />
| free_label2 = Clubs<br />
| free_text2 = Literary &amp; Creative, Mathematics, Scientific Skills, Performing Arts, ECO and Health &amp; Wellness<br />
| free_label3 = <br />
| free_text3 = <br />
| free_label4 = <br />
| free_text4 = <br />
| free_label5 = <br />
| free_text5 = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
| picture = <br />
| picture_caption = <br />
| picture2 = <br />
| picture_caption2 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Campus School''' is a [[State school|public]] [[English medium]] senior secondary co-educational school situated in the [[Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University]] (CCS HAU) campus, in [[Hisar, India]]. Established in 1971, it caters to the children of CCS HAU employees and students from nearby areas.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The school was inaugurated on 14 November 1971 by the then Finance Minister, Om Prakash Jain. Mrs. S. Verma was the first principal. The school received [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] (CBSE) accreditation in July 1972.&lt;ref name="about us"&gt;{{cite web|title=Campus School - About US|url=http://hau.ernet.in/clink/aboutus.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503031505/http://hau.ernet.in/clink/aboutus.html|archivedate=3 May 2012|publisher=HAU|accessdate=2 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
The school has a big open-air theatre and a big auditorium, mainly, used for prayers.<br />
<br />
==Notable alumni==<br />
* [[Arvind Kejriwal]], social activist, Chief Minister of Delhi and [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] winner&lt;ref name=camp1&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111110074526/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/pdfbio/KejriwalArv.pdf Kerjriwal bio]&lt;/ref&gt; <br />
* [[Naveen Jindal]], former [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], current Chairman of [[Jindal Steel and Power Limited]] and Chancellor of [[O. P. Jindal Global University]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://twitter.com/MPNaveenJindal/status/1169441303689433089|quote=Remembering with love &amp; gratitude all my teachers from Campus School Hisar, Sawan Public School, DPS Mathura Road, Hansraj College, @jindal_utdallas, my parents, polo &amp; shooting instructors, friends, colleagues and everyone who has enriched me with knowledge on #TeachersDay|title= Naveen Jindal on Twitter, @MPNaveenJindal|publisher= [[Twitter]]|date= 5 September 2019|accessdate= 28 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
*[[Pawan Chopra]] actor<br />
*[[Saina Nehwal]], winner of [[BWF World Junior Championships|World Junior Badminton Championship]], [[2009 Indonesia Super Series|Indonesia Open]], [[Singapore Open (badminton)|Singapore Open]] and [[Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna]] award&lt;ref name="saina"&gt;{{cite news|last1=Mahindroo|first1=Priya|date=5 September 2012|title=Saina Nehwal goes down memory lane|publisher=Hindustan Times|agency=HT Media Limited|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/saina-nehwal-goes-down-memory-lane/story-8nKugRni0k9QjfnXylIW4M.html|accessdate=28 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
*[[Sugandh Rakha]] angel investor<br />
*[[Yash Tonk]], movie and TV actor&lt;ref name="camp3"&gt;[https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/yash-tonk/biography.html Yash tonk bio]&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
*[[Girish Nagpal]], Entrepreneur, Founder of MetroRide, SharkTank fame, TEDx Speaker.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|India|Education}}<br />
* [[List of schools in Hisar]]<br />
* [[List of universities and colleges in Hisar]]<br />
* [[List of institutions of higher education in Haryana]]<br />
<br />
{{Asia topic|Education in}}<br />
{{Education in India}}<br />
{{Hisar, India topics}}<br />
{{Haryana}}<br />
{{India topics}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120512064952/http://hau.ernet.in/ Official website of CCS HAU, Hisar]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Schools in Hisar (city)]]<br />
[[Category:Schools in Haryana]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ranveer_Singh_Saini&diff=529679Ranveer Singh Saini2026-02-13T20:58:56Z<p>JerryGuerrero: starting a biography</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian golfer}}<br />
{{Orphan|date=June 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox sportsperson<br />
| name = Ranveer Singh Saini<br />
| image = Ranveer_Singh_Saini_-Recieving_National_Award.jpg<br />
| caption = Ranveer Singh Saini receiving the Shresth Divyangjan National Award in 2024<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| birth_date = 2000<br />
| birth_place = Haryana, India<br />
| sport = Golf<br />
| disability = Autism<br />
| coach =<br />
| club = DLF Golf & Country Club<br />
| medals = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ranveer Singh Saini''' (born 2000) is an Indian [[golf]]er and Special [[Olympic Games|Olympics]] [[athlete]] from [[Gurgaon|Gurugram]], [[Haryana]]. He is the first Indian golfer to win a gold medal at the [[Special Olympics World Games]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2024-12-03 |title=Haryana golfer bags national award for individual excellence |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gurugram-news/haryana-golfer-bags-national-award-for-individual-excellence-101733190168160.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204153720/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gurugram-news/haryana-golfer-bags-national-award-for-individual-excellence-101733190168160.html |archive-date=2024-12-04 |access-date=2025-05-28 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref> Diagnosed with autism at an early age, Saini has received several national honors, including the [[Bhim Award]] and the National Award for Individual Excellence.<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{Cite web |date=2017-02-21 |title=Gurgaon: Golf fetches 16-year-old autistic boy Bheem award |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/gurgaon-golf-fetches-16-year-old-autistic-boy-bheem-award-4535330/ |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Saini was born in [[Gurgaon|Gurugram]], [[Haryana]]. [[Diagnosis|Diagnosed]] with autism [[spectrum disorder]] at the age of two, he was introduced to golf by his parents at age nine.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-02-21 |title=Ranveer Singh Saini, 16-year-old autistic golfer, receives the Bheem award |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/sports/ranveer-singh-saini-16-year-old-autistic-golfer-receives-the-bheem-award/560213/ |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> He trained at [[DLF Golf and Country Club]] in Gurugram and later completed his schooling at Scottish High International School, where his father serves as chairman.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Saini became the first Indian golfer to win a [[gold medal]] at the [[Special Olympics World Games]], achieving this in the Level 2 Alternate Shot Team Play event at the 2015 Games in [[Los Angeles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-01 |title=Ranveer Singh Saini, suffering from autism, wins gold in golf at Special Olympics |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/golf/ranveer-singh-saini-suffering-from-autism-wins-gold-in-golf-at-special-olympics/ |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Prior to this, he won two gold medals at the 2013 Special Olympics Asia Pacific Golf Masters in [[Macau]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranveer wins gold |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/chandigarh/ranveer-wins-gold-765939/ |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> He also earned a silver medal at the 2019 Special Olympics World Games in [[Abu Dhabi]].<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
==Awards and recognition==<br />
* '''Shresth Divyangjan Award''' National Award (2024), presented by the President of India<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-03 |title=India President Droupadi Murmu confers Shreshth Divyangjan Award on Ranveer Singh Saini |url=https://www.asiancommunitynews.com/14377-2/ |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=Asian Community News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1"/><br />
* '''[[Bhim Award]]''' (2016–17), Haryana's highest sports honor<ref name="indianexpress.com"/><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-01-27 |title=Golf champ Ranveer wins top Haryana sports honour |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/golf-champ-ranveer-wins-top-haryana-sports-honour/articleshow/62666588.cms |access-date=2025-05-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-20 |title=Gurugram Guy Ranveer Singh Saini Gets Bhim Award - Gold Medalist In Golf At Special Olympics |url=https://www.ptcnews.tv/gurugram-guy-ranveer-singh-saini-gets-bhim-award-gold-medalist-in-golf-at-special-olympics |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=PTC News |language=en}}</ref><br />
* '''Limca Book of Records''' (2016)<ref name=":1" /><br />
* Mentioned by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in ''Mann Ki Baat'' (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mann Ki Baat: जानें कौन हैं गोल्ड मेडलिस्ट रणवीर सैनी, पीएम मोदी ने मन की बात कार्यक्रम में किया जिक्र |url=https://www.amarujala.com/delhi-ncr/prime-minister-narendra-modi-mentioned-haryana-ranveer-saini-in-mann-ki-baat-program-2023-10-29 |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-31 |title=At PM's Mann Ki Baat: Autistic golfer who clinched gold at Special Olympics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/at-pms-mann-ki-baat-autistic-golfer-who-clinched-gold-at-special-olympics/articleshow/104839268.cms |access-date=2025-05-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> <br />
* Special Guest at Republic Day Parade (2025) {{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}<br />
* Haryana Khel Gaurav Award (2023) {{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}<br />
* Limca Book of Records honoree (2013–2016, 2020–2024){{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}<br />
* Recognized by Grant Thornton, Education Today, Delhi Minorities Commission, and Golf Foundation India{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}<br />
* Ranveer also secured a gold medal at the 2023 World Games held in Berlin<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 23, 2023 |title=Special Olympics World Games: Golfers Ranveer Saini, Rahul Agarwal win gold by record-breaking margin |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/others/special-olympics-world-games-golfers-ranveer-saini-rahul-agarwal-win-gold-by-record-breaking-margin20230623203703/ |work=ANI News}}</ref><br />
* Ranveer Singh Saini clinched gold at the 2025 Macau Golf Masters<ref>{{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=A. C. N. |date=2025-06-27 |title=India's Autistic Golfer Ranveer Saini Strikes Gold in Macau |url=https://www.asiancommunitynews.com/indias-autistic-golfer-ranveer-saini-strikes-gold-in-macau/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Asian Community News |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2080121 PIB Press Release – National Awards 2024]<br />
* [https://presidentofindia.nic.in/press_releases/president-india-presents-national-awards-empowerment-persons-disabilities-year-2024 President of India – National Awards Ceremony]<br />
* [https://www.specialolympics.org/stories/athletes/the-long-road-to-triumph Special Olympics – The Long Road to Triumph]<br />
* [https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gurugram-news/haryana-golfer-bags-national-award-for-individual-excellence-101733190168160.html Hindustan Times – National Award Feature]<br />
* [https://www.educationworld.in/ranveer-saini/ Education World Profile]<br />
* [https://sports.ndtv.com/golf/autistic-golfer-ranveer-singh-saini-creates-history-father-says-hard-workd-paid-off-1496287 NDTV – Golfer Creates History]<br />
* [https://www.firstpost.com/sports/fourteen-year-old-ranveer-singh-saini-wins-gold-special-olympics-2375276.html Firstpost – Gold at Special Olympics]<br />
* [https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/golf/ranveer-singh-saini-suffering-from-autism-wins-gold-in-golf-at-special-olympics/ Indian Express – Wins Gold Despite Autism]<br />
* [https://www.financialexpress.com/sports/ranveer-singh-saini-16-year-old-autistic-golfer-receives-the-bheem-award/560213/ Financial Express – Bhim Award Recipient]<br />
* [https://sports.ndtv.com/other-sports/golfer-ranveer-singh-saini-bags-gold-in-special-olympics-world-games-1496296 NDTV – Special Olympics Gold]<br />
* [https://www.jagran.com/other-sports/headlines-special-olympics-summer-games-berlin-2023-golf-player-ranveer-singh-saini-life-story-and-profile-23432312.html Jagran – Special Olympics Berlin Profile]<br />
* [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/golf/top-stories/indian-golfer-ranveer-saini-bags-gold-in-special-olympics/articleshow/48304597.cms Times of India – Gold in Special Olympics]<br />
* [https://depwd.gov.in/year-wise-national-awards/ Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities – Awardee List]<br />
* [https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/chandigarh/ranveer-wins-gold-765939/ Tribune India – Wins Gold]<br />
* [https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/india-39-s-rich-haul-at-special-olympics/cid/1490795 Telegraph – India’s Haul at Special Olympics]<br />
* [https://www.hindustantimes.com/othersports/milkha-singh-congratulates-golfer-ranveer-singh/story-SSk5nlurDogxfD15tPLWpJ.html Milkha Singh’s Congratulatory Message]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=463OcV67_d4 YouTube – Award Ceremony Feature]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JjeUIqMTpMs YouTube – Golf Training Documentary]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRMDpK0tCgo YouTube – Feature Story]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqzlF_ZR5O8 YouTube – Special Feature]<br />
* [https://sports.ndtv.com/golf/videos/ranveer-saini-returns-home-to-grand-welcome-378329 NDTV Video – Grand Welcome]<br />
* [https://www.scottishigh.com/the-bhim-award-has-been-confered-to-our-student-ranveer-singh-saini/ Scottish High – Bhim Award Announcement]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57WrKaFUzQo YouTube – Interview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRMDpK0tCgo DD] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRMDpK0tCgo National featured golfer Ranveer Singh Saini on World Autism Awareness Day]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saini, Ranveer Singh}}<br />
[[Category:Indian male golfers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian disabled sportspeople]]<br />
[[Category:Indian autistic people]]<br />
[[Category:Sportsmen with disabilities]]<br />
[[Category:Sportspeople with intellectual disabilities]]<br />
[[Category:Autistic sportspeople]]<br />
[[Category:2000 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mewasi&diff=517525Mewasi2026-02-11T15:41:19Z<p>JerryGuerrero: Stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Koli title}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}<br />
The '''Mewasi''', or '''Mevasi''', '''Mehwasi'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishan |first=Shri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SM9jDwAAQBAJ&dq=Mehwasi&pg=PT46 |title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47 |date=2005-04-07 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=978-93-5280-307-1 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> refers to a system of [[land tenure]] held by Rajputs and Kolis in Kathiawar region of [[Gujarat]]. It has been described as being similar to the [[Talukdar|talukdari]] system.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bhatnagar |first1=Rashmi Dube |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FK6_l2_TCfgC&q=Mevasi+Koli |title=Female Infanticide in India: A Feminist Cultural History |last2=Dube |first2=Renu |last3=Dube |first3=Reena |date=2012-02-01 |publisher=[[State University of New York Press]] |isbn=978-0-7914-8385-5 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |page=266 |language=en}}</ref> Under [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] administration, villages were classified based on their political stability, peaceful villages were categorised as ''rāsti'' while turbulent ones were categorised as ''mewasi''. Mewasi villages were predominantly inhabited by Rajputs and Kolis. Mewasi villages were also termed as [[Zamindar|zamindari]] or talukdari by the Mughal administration.<ref name="shah">{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zePZAAAAMAAJ |title=Exploring India's Rural Past: A Gujarat Village in the Early Nineteenth Century |date=2002 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-565732-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |page=28-30 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Kolis==<br />
In those days, Mewasi word was used to describe the unruly, turbulent and violent Kolis but during [[British Raj]], Mewasi was used for Koli chieftains in rebellions against British rule as a hero.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |page=200 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Koli Mewasis liked the independent rule of self so they always fought against their [[Raja]]s, [[Maharaja]]s and other rulers. Koli Mewasis often plundered the villages to collect the revenue.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dwluAAAAMAAJ |title=Dominance and State Power in Modern India: Decline of a Social Order |date=1989 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-562098-6 |edition=2nd |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |page=66 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the fifteenth century, the early [[Sultan]]s of [[Ahmedabad]] attempted to subjugate the Koli Mehwasis; but they were met with such a sturdy resistance from those chiefs, who were naturally helped by the wild nature of their Koli chiefs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Patel |first=Govindlal Dalsukhbhai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c3kuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Indian Land Problem and Legislation |date=1954 |publisher=N. M. Tripathi |location=New Delhi, India |page=78 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Rewa Kantha Agency|Rewakantha]] settlements were made during the regime of [[Sayaji Rao I Gaekwad|Sayajirao]]. these areas were constantly disturbed by the depredations of the Koli Mehwasis, and the maintenance of law and order in these areas became a challenge for Baroda government.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kamerkar |first=Mani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zmMfAAAAMAAJ |title=British Paramountcy: British-Baroda Relations, 1818-1848 |date=1980 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-0-940500-75-4 |location=New Delhi, India |page=33 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Barmuvada, Chhapra, Khumarwad were most notable Mewasi villages and their Koli chieftains were receiving ''Giras'' dues from Radhvanaj rulers.{{sfn|Shah|2002|p=39}}<br />
<br />
The [[British Raj|British]] government always faced the trouble in Mehwasi areas and used the troops to collect the annual revenue.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gidwani |first=Vinay Krishin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7B5NAQAAMAAJ |title=Fluid Dynamics: An Essay on Canal Irrigation and the Processses of Agrarian Change in Matar Taluka (Gujarat). India |date=1996 |publisher=[[University of California, Berkeley]] |location=New Delhi, India |pages=165–167 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian feudalism]]<br />
[[Category:Titles in India]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=M._A._Prajusha&diff=455883M. A. Prajusha2026-02-08T03:25:54Z<p>JerryGuerrero: expanded intro also and corrected details based on references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian athlete}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox sportsperson<br />
| name = M. A. Prajusha<br />
| image = XIX Commonwealth Games-2010 Delhi (Women’s) Athletics Long JumpPrajusha Maliakkal of India (Silver), during the medal presentation ceremony (cropped).jpg<br />
| imagesize = <br />
| caption = Portrait of M. A. Prajushaat at Commonwealth Games in 2010<br />
| fullname = Maliakkal A. Prajusha<br />
| nickname = <br />
| nationality = [[India]]n<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1987|5|20}}<br />
| birth_place = Ambazhakad, [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| height = <br />
| weight = <br />
| country = {{flagcountry|India}}<br />
| sport = [[Track and field]]<br />
| event = [[Long jump]]<br /> [[Triple jump]]<br />
| club = <br />
| team = <br />
| turnedpro = <br />
| retired = <br />
| coaching = <br />
| worlds = <br />
| regionals = <br />
| nationals = <br />
| olympics = <br />
| paralympics = <br />
| highestranking = <br />
| pb = Triple jump: 13.72&nbsp;m<br>(2010, Indian record)<ref name="hindu_oct10">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/09/stories/2010100964821800.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013181916/http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/09/stories/2010100964821800.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 October 2010|title=Kavita claims 10,000m bronze|date=9 October 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=9 August 2010}}</ref><br /> Long jump: 6.55&nbsp;m<br>(2010)<ref name="iaaf">{{cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/letter=p/country=ind/athcode=236268/index.html|title=iaaf.org – Athletes – Prajusha Maliakhal A. Biography|accessdate=9 October 2010}}</ref><br />
| updated = 9 October 2010<br />
| medaltemplates = <br />
{{MedalSport|Women's [[Sport of athletics|athletics]]}}<br />
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}<br />
{{Medal|Competition|[[Asian Indoor Athletics Championships|Asian Indoor Championships]]}} <br />
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2008 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships|2008 Doha]]|Long jump}}<br />
| show-medals = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Maliakhal Anthony Prajusha''' (born 20 May 1987) is an Indian [[track and field]] athlete from [[Kerala]] who competes in [[long jump]] and [[triple jump]]. She held the Indian National record for triple jump with a mark of 13.72&nbsp;m.<ref name="hindu_oct10" /> She broke the record held by [[Mayookha Johny]] by four centimeters.<ref name="yahoo_oct10">{{cite news |date= |title=India's M Prajusha set a new National record |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/indias-m-prajusha-set-a-new-national-record-in-womens-triple-jump-at-the-commonwealth-games-on-friday-prajusha-recorded-a-jump-of-13-72m-erasing-mayookha-johnys-mark-of-13-68m-/articleshow/6715830.cms |accessdate= |publisher=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Prajusha was born on 20 May 1987 in [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]], a district in [[Kerala]] state, [[India]].<ref name="sportstar">{{cite news|title=Setting great goals|date=30 May 2009|publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Prajusha's personal best for [[triple jump]] is 13.72&nbsp;m, an Indian National record set during the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]] on 8 October 2010. She broke [[Mayookha Johny]]'s two-month-old record by four centimeters while improving her personal best by a massive {{convert|18|cm|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="yahoo_oct10" /><br />
<br />
Her personal best for [[long jump]] is 6.55&nbsp;m set in [[Bangalore]] on 5 June 2010 during the second Indian Grand Prix.<ref name="hindu_june10">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/athletics/article447727.ece|title=Maheswary wins triple jump gold|date=5 June 2010|work=The Hindu|accessdate=9 August 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
Prajusha has been training under the Sports Authority Of India (SAI) for the last 10 years with her coach, M.A. George. She works with [[Indian Railways]] and trains under M.A. George, a coach at the [[Sports Authority of India]].<ref name="sportstar" /><br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
In 2010,{{When|date=January 2025|reason=I can't find the exact date this happened, but I'm sure it's out there somewhere}} Prajusha became the fourth Indian woman to complete a long jump longer than 6.50&nbsp;meters, joining [[Anju Bobby George]] (6.83&nbsp;m), [[J. J. Shobha]] (6.66&nbsp;m), and Pramila Aiyappa. She won the gold medal for her effort.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/73639/prajusha-pockets-long-jump-title.html|title=Prajusha pockets long jump title|date=5 June 2010|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|accessdate=9 October 2010}}</ref> <br />
At [[2010 Commonwealth Games]], Prajusha won a [[silver]] [[medal]] in the women's long jump of the track and field event in [[Delhi]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{World Athletics}}<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111009112725/http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=21&edlabel=TOIPU&mydateHid=11-09-2010&pubname=&edname=&articleid=Ar02100&format=&publabel=TOI WITH A SPRING IN THEIR STEPS...]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110726152931/http://www.asianathletics.org/AAS2010/top10-2010.pdf Asian Top 10 - 2010]<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Prajusha, M. A.}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1987 births]]<br />
[[Category:Sportswomen from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women long jumpers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women triple jumpers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]<br />
[[Category:People from Thrissur district]]<br />
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2010 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games athletes for India]]<br />
[[Category:Medallists at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]<br />
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists in athletics]]<br />
<br />
{{India-athletics-bio-stub}}<br />
{{Kerala-stub}}</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shah_Jahani_Mahal&diff=451684Shah Jahani Mahal2026-02-03T13:34:56Z<p>JerryGuerrero: Article updated with improved flow</p>
<hr />
<div>{{nofootnotes|date=January 2019}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox historic site<br />
| name = Shah Jahani Mahal<br />
| native_name =<br />
| native_language =<br />
| image = Moti Masjid at Agra Fort 2012-02-22.jpg<br />
| caption =Shah Jahani Mahal in Agra Fort<br />
| locmapin = India Uttar Pradesh#India<br />
| location = [[Agra Fort]], [[Agra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]<br />
| area =<br />
| built =<br />
| architect =<br />
| architecture = <br />
| governing_body =<br />
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| designation1 =<br />
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| designation3_offname =<br />
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| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=it}}<br />
}}<br />
The '''Shah Jahan Mahal''' is palace in the [[Agra Fort]] in northern [[India]].<br />
== History ==<br />
Palace is situated between the white [[marble]] ''Khas Mahal'' and the red stone ''[[Jahangiri Mahal]]'' and is set, transitionally, in between these two major residential complexes of two different ages. It is the earliest attempt of the [[Mughal emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]] to convert an existing redstone building in accordance with his taste. It is his earliest palace in Agra Fort and has a large hall and side rooms, and an octagonal tower on the river side.<br />
<br />
The skeletal construction of the brick masonry and red stone were all white, stuccoed with a thick plaster and colourfully painted with floral designs. The whole palace once glistened white, like white marble.<br />
<br />
On its face towards the ''Khas Mahal'' is a white marble dalan, composed of five nine-cusped arches supported on double pillars and protected externally by a [[Chhajja]]. Its western bay was closed to house the Ghaznin gate. [[Babur]]'s [[Stepwell|baoli]] and well are situated beneath it. The subterranean apartments in several stories are also situated under this palace.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.india9.com/i9show/Shah-Jahani-Mahal-32083.htm http://www.india9.com/i9show/Shah-Jahani-Mahal-32083.htm]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Agra Fort]]<br />
[[Category:Mughal palaces]]<br />
<br />
{{India-palace-stub}}</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rishta_Likhenge_Hum_Naya&diff=530575Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya2026-02-02T12:25:46Z<p>JerryGuerrero: starting a info!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian mystery drama series}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| image = Rishta_Likhenge_Hum_Naya.png<br />
| caption =<br />
| genre = [[Drama]]<br />
| creator = Sumeet Hukamchand Mittal <br /> Shashi Mittal<br />
| developer = [[Shashi Mittal|Shashi Sumeet Mittal]]<br />
| writer = {{ubl|[[Shashi Mittal|Shashi Sumeet Mittal]]|Jayesh Patil}}<br />
| screenplay = {{ubl|[[Shashi Mittal|Shashi Sumeet Mittal]]|Garima Goyal}}<br />
| director = {{ubl|Prince Dhiman|Huma Pawan Singh}}<br />
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]<br />
| theme_music_composer =<br />
| opentheme = <br />
| endtheme = <br />
| composer = [[Amit Mishra]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| num_seasons = 1<br />
| num_episodes = 149<br />
| list_episodes = <br />
| executive_producer = <br />
| producer = {{ubl|[[Shashi Mittal|Shashi Sumeet Mittal]]|[[Sumeet Hukamchand Mittal]]|Jitender S.|Rajeev P.}}<br />
| cinematography = {{ubl|Sudesh Kotion|Pankaj P. Kachhawa}}<br />
| editor = {{ubl|Jaskaran Singh|Ganga Kacharla|Rajiv Bhatt}}<br />
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br />
| runtime = Approx. 23 minutes<br />
| company = [[Shashi Sumeet Productions]]<br />
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2017|11|07}}<br />
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2018|6|01}}<br />
| channel = [[Sony Entertainment Television]] <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya''''' ({{Translation|We'll write a new relation}}) is an Indian drama series that aired on [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]], starring [[Tejasswi Prakash]] and [[Rohit Suchanti]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/pehredaar-piya-ki-returns-albeit-with-a-tweaked-storyline-lifetv-1058151-2017-10-05|title=Pehredaar Piya Ki returns, albeit with a tweaked storyline|work=[[India Today]]|date=5 October 2017}}</ref> It premiered on 7 November 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5Hv68jGrnw|title=Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya - New Show - This November|work=[[Sony Entertainment Television]]|date=7 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/porus-ristha-likhenge-hum-naya-replace-kbc-9-november/|title='Porus' & 'Ristha Likhenge Hum Naya' to replace 'KBC 9' in November|work=Biz Asia Live|date=13 October 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
The series is a restructuring of ''[[Pehredaar Piya Ki]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/pehredaar-piya-ki-producer-confirms-rishta-likhenge-hum-naya-is-continuation-of-controversial-original-show-4207385.html|title=Pehredaar Piya Ki producer confirms Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya is continuation of controversial original show|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=13 November 2017}}</ref> which received negative social media response for depicting its two central characters, Diya, an 18-year-old princess and Ratan, a 9-year-old prince, as married.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/tejasswi-prakash-pehredaar-ended-abruptly-we-wanted-something-good-to-replace-it/story-TdVwkVWq0Yrrc1xQnbWZcI.html|title=Tejasswi Prakash: Pehredaar… ended abruptly, we wanted something good to replace it|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=11 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="IT timeslot">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/bccc-takes-action-against-pehredaar-piya-ki-asks-sony-tv-to-change-its-time-slot-lifetv-1029868-2017-08-16|title=BCCC takes action against Pehredaar Piya Ki, asks Sony TV to change its time slot|date=16 August 2017 |publisher=|access-date=1 November 2017}}</ref> The Broadcasting Content Complaints Council (BCCC) asked [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|SET India]] to move the series to a later 10pm time slot and the network complied. After a drop in viewership resulting from the move,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/sWvGK7LEsXj0EAyqyO54KP/Sony-pulls-plug-on-controversial-show-Pehredaar-Piya-Ki.html|title=Sony cancels Pehredaar Piya Ki after controversy|first=Harveen|last=Ahluwalia|work=mint |date=29 August 2017|publisher=|accessdate=1 November 2017|quote=Our story was not meant for a late night slot. Our audiences were not there at 10.30pm, but at 8.30pm.}}</ref> series producers opted to restructure the series for prime time, in part by removing the child marriage theme by advancing Ratan's age to adulthood and recasting the character.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pehredaar-piya-ki-makers-back-with-modern-show-rishta-likhenge-hum-naya/articleshow/60973937.cms|title='Pehredaar Piya Ki' makers back with 'modern' show 'Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya' |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=7 October 2017 |publisher=|accessdate=1 November 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Premise==<br />
It follows the life of a 30-year-old girl Diya, who sacrificed 12 years of her life by fulfilling a dying man's wish on his deathbed by becoming the caretaker of his heir and son, Ratan Maan Singh. She shares no relationship with Ratan or his family and there is no greed which drives her to do this. Set against the royal canvas of [[Rajasthan]], the show challenges the conventional perception of men being the protector of women. Ratan is constantly being targeted by attackers, and it is up to Diya to find the person behind the attacks who might as well be part of the family. The show is about Diya, a 30-year-old [[Rajput]] woman of the Kshatrani caste who gave up 12 years of her life to protect Ratan, a 21-year-old heir to the Rajput throne who lives in [[London]] after his parents' death in an accident and returns to Surajgarh to become the king.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Since Diya's duties get over, she decides to marry Abhay Singh Rathore, her fiancé but he leaves her. Ratan learns his late father wanted him to be with Diya, so he marries her reluctantly. Ratan finds it hard to fulfill his responsibilities to Diya, also due to the nine-year age gap between them. More problems arise when Yash marries Mohana, Arpita's daughter. Ratan decides to divorce Diya, only after helping her win a case against Abhay and Arpita. Diya then realizes her love for Ratan. Another problem arises when a man claims that he is the real Ratan Maan Singh and tries to influence the entire family against Ratan. His truth is revealed, as he tries to assassinate the entire family. Ratan then realizes his love for Diya, and they work together with their family to eliminate the terrorist. The show ends revealing that Diya is pregnant with Ratan's child and Mohana is pregnant with Yash's child.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
===Main===<br />
*[[Tejasswi Prakash]] as Diya Singh: Sajjan and Jyoti's daughter; Isha's sister; Ratan's wife (2017–2018)<br />
*[[Rohit Suchanti]] as Ratan Singh: Maan and Padma's son; Diya's husband (2017–2018)<br />
<br />
===Recurring===<br />
*Siddharth Shivpuri/Puneet Sharma as Yashwant "Yash" Singh: Raghu and Priya's son; Mohana's husband (2017–2018)<br />
*Ravjeet Singh as Fake Ratan Singh (2018)<br />
*Aditi Deshpande as Sushma Singh: Padma's sister; Bhuvan's wife; Raghu and Sakshi's mother; Yash's grandmother (2017–2018)<br />
*Adarsh Gautam<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/video/entertainment/kishwer-merchant-to-make-an-entry-in-rishta-likhenge-hum-naya-422166|title=Adarsh Gautam to make an entry in Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya as Diya's father|date=17 January 2018|website=Indiatvnews.com}}</ref> as Sajjan Singh: Jyoti's husband; Diya and Isha's father (2017–2018)<br />
*Anjali Gupta as Jyoti Devi Singh: Sajjan's wife; Diya and Isha's mother (2017–2018)<br />
*[[Jiten Lalwani]] as Bhuvan Dev Singh: Nithya's brother; Sushma's husband; Raghu and Sakshi's father; Yash's grandfather (2017–2018)<br />
*Meenu Panchal as Sakshi Singh: Bhuvan and Sushma's daughter; Raghu's sister; Mohak's wife (2017–2018)<br />
*[[Achherr Bhaardwaj]] as Mohak Singh: Sakshi's husband (2017–2018)<br />
*Kasturi Banerjjee as Nithya Singh: Bhuvan's sister; Ayush's mother (2017–2018)<br />
*[[Varun Jain]] as Ayush Banna Singh: Nithya's son; Isha's husband (2017–2018) <br />
*[[Manisha Saxena]] as Isha Singh: Sajjan and Jyoti's daughter; Diya's sister; Ayush's wife (2017–2018)<br />
*[[Suyyash Rai]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/suyyash-rai-roped-in-to-play-tejaswi-prakashs-beau-in-pehredaar-piya-ki/|title=Suyyash Rai roped in to play Tejaswi Prakash's beau in 'Pehredaar Piya Ki'|date=13 May 2017|website=BollywoodLife.com}}</ref> as Abhay Rathore: Arpita's brother (2017–2018)<br />
*[[Kishwer Merchant|Kishwer Merchant Rai]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/video/entertainment/kishwer-merchant-to-make-an-entry-in-rishta-likhenge-hum-naya-422166|title=Kishwer Merchant to make an entry in Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya|date=17 January 2018|website=Indiatvnews.com}}</ref> as Arpita Singh: Abhay's sister; Mohana's mother (2018)<br />
*[[Garima Parihar]] as Mohana Singh: Arpita's daughter; Yash's wife (2018)<br />
*Gauri Singh as Priya Singh: Raghu's wife; Yash's mother (2017–2018)<br />
*Urvashi Sharma<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tellydhamaal.com/rishta-likhenge-hum-naya-urvashi-sharma-to-enter-as-meethi/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413124550/http://www.tellydhamaal.com/rishta-likhenge-hum-naya-urvashi-sharma-to-enter-as-meethi/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=13 April 2018|title=Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya – Urvashi Sharma to enter as Meethi – serial gossips, TV serial news, upcoming twists, spoilers, written updates|website=www.tellydhamaal.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-12}}</ref> as Meethi (2018)<br />
*[[Aashish Kaul]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yGWZ0xvzZI|title=Episode 49|website=[[YouTube]]|date=12 January 2018}}</ref> as Raghuwant "Raghu" Singh: Bhuvan and Sushma's son; Sakshi's brother; Priya's husband; Yash's father (2017–2018)<br />
*[[Kishori Shahane]] as Padma Singh: Sushma's sister; Maan's wife; Ratan's mother<br />
*[[Khalid Siddiqui]] as Maan Singh: Padma's husband; Ratan's father<br />
*[[Ahmad Harhash]] as Yuvraj Malhotra Priya Husband (2017-2018)<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
<br />
===Casting===<br />
The cast has already been finalised. While some characters from [[Pehredaar Piya Ki]] series are being carried over into this new series, new cast members have joined them, too. [[Rohit Suchanti]] has replaced child actor Affan Khan as a recast of Ratan Singh followed by Siddharth Shivpuri, Gauri Singh and [[Khalid Siddiqui]]. Siddharth Shivpuri, then decided to quit the show, and is being replaced by Puneet Sharma.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/siddharth-shivpuri-and-gauri-singh-roped-sony-tvs-pehredaar-piya-ki-sequel-170924|title=Siddharth Shivpuri and Gauri Singh roped in for Sony TV's Pehredaar Piya Ki sequel|work=TellyChakkar|date=24 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/tejasswi-prakash-to-romance-saathiya-actor-rohit-suchanti-in-pehredaar-piya-ki-season-2-lifetv-1051515-2017-09-24|title=Tejasswi Prakash to romance Saathiya actor Rohit Suchanti in Pehredaar Piya Ki Season 2?|work=[[India Today]]|date=24 September 2017}}</ref> The serial is set in the western India state of [[Rajasthan]] in the city of [[Bikaner]] & Machkund of [[Dholpur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rishtalikhengehumnaya.co/|title=Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya Written Update|date=9 October 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*''[https://www.sonyliv.com/details/show/5637779954001/Rishta-Likhenge-Hum-Naya Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126231403/http://www.sonyliv.com/details/show/5637779954001/Rishta-Likhenge-Hum-Naya |date=26 November 2017 }}'' on [[Sony LIV]]<br />
*{{IMDb title|tt7632824}}<br />
<br />
{{Sony Entertainment Television India Shows}}<br />
{{Shashi Sumeet Productions}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya}}<br />
[[Category:2017 Indian television series debuts]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]<br />
[[Category:Television shows set in Rajasthan]]<br />
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]<br />
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]<br />
[[Category:Indian mystery television series]]<br />
[[Category:Shashi Sumeet Productions series]]<br />
[[Category:2018 Indian television series endings]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iftikhar_Ali_Khan_Pataudi&diff=450975Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi2026-01-26T06:55:32Z<p>JerryGuerrero: Enhanced content and organization</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| embed = <br />
| name = Mohammad Iftikhar Ali Khan of Pataudi<br />
| title = [[Nawab of Pataudi]]<br />
| titletext = <br />
| more = <br />
| type = <br />
| image = Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi 1931cr.jpg<br />
| image_size = 240px<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi in 1931<br />
| succession = [[Nawab of Pataudi]]<br />
| moretext = <br />
| reign = 1917–1948<br>1948–1952 ([[titular ruler]])<br />
| reign-type = <br />
| coronation = December 1931<br />
| cor-type = <br />
| predecessor = Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan Pataudi<br />
| pre-type = <br />
| successor = [[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi]] (as titular ruler)<br />
| suc-type = <br />
| regent = <br />
| reg-type = <br />
| succession1 = <br />
| moretext1 = <br />
| reign1 = <br />
| coronation1 = <br />
| cor-type1 = <br />
| predecessor1 = <br />
| suc-type1 = <br />
| regent1 = <br />
| reg-type1 = <br />
| succession2 = <br />
| moretext2 = <br />
| reign2 = <br />
| reign-type2 = <br />
| coronation2 = <br />
| cor-type2 = <br />
| predecessor2 = <br />
| pre-type2 = <br />
| successor2 = <br />
| suc-type2 = <br />
| regent2 = <br />
| reg-type2 = <br />
| succession3 = <br />
| moretext3 = <br />
| reign3 = <br />
| reign-type3 = <br />
| coronation3 = <br />
| cor-type3 = <br />
| predecessor3 = <br />
| pre-type3 = <br />
| successor3 = <br />
| suc-type3 = <br />
| regent3 = <br />
| reg-type3 = <!-- succession4 to succession9 are also available --><br />
| birth_name = Mohammad Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi<br />
| birth_date = 16 March 1910<br />
| birth_place = [[Pataudi]], [[Pataudi State]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Haryana]], India)<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|1952|01|05|1910|03|16|df=yes}}<br />
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], India<br />
| burial_place = [[Pataudi]], [[Haryana]], India<br />
| spouse = [[Sajida Sultan]]<br />
| native_lang1 = [[Urdu]]<br />
| native_lang1_name1 = <br />
| spouse-type = Consort<br />
| consort = [[Sajida Sultan]]<yes><br />
| issue = [[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi]] and 3 daughters<!--list children in order of birth. Use {{plainlist}} or {{unbulleted list}} --><br />
| issue-link = <br />
| issue-pipe = <br />
| issue-type = <br />
| full name = <br />
| era name = <br />
| era dates = <br />
| regnal name = <br />
| posthumous name = <br />
| temple name = <br />
| house = [[Nawab of Pataudi|Pataudi]]<br />
| house-type = House<br />
| father = Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan Pataudi<br />
| mother = Shahar Bano Begum<br />
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]<br />
| occupation = [[Cricketer]] and [[Civil servant]]<br />
| signature_type = <br />
| signature = <br />
| module = {{Infobox cricketer<br />
| embed = yes<br />
| country = England<br />
| country2 = India<br />
| internationalspan = 1932–1934<br />
| internationalspan2 = 1946<br />
| nickname = Pat<br />
| heightft = 6<br />
| heightinch = 0<br />
| batting = Right-handed<br />
| international = true<br />
| testdebutdate = 2 December<br />
| testdebutyear = 1932<br />
| testdebutfor = England<br />
| testdebutagainst = Australia<br />
| testcap = 265<br />
| testcap2 = 32<br />
| lasttestdate = 20 August<br />
| lasttestyear = 1946<br />
| lasttestfor = India<br />
| lasttestagainst = England<br />
| club3 = [[Southern Punjab cricket team (India)|Southern Punjab]]<br />
| year3 = 1945/46<br />
| club2 = [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]]<br />
| year2 = 1932–1938<br />
| club1 = [[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]]<br />
| year1 = {{nowrap|1928–1931}}<br />
| columns = 2<br />
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]<br />
| matches1 = 6<br />
| runs1 = 199<br />
| bat avg1 = 19.90<br />
| 100s/50s1 = 1/0<br />
| top score1 = 102<br />
| deliveries1 = 0<br />
| wickets1 = –<br />
| bowl avg1 = –<br />
| fivefor1 = –<br />
| tenfor1 = –<br />
| best bowling1 = –<br />
| catches/stumpings1 = 0/–<br />
| column2 = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]<br />
| matches2 = 127<br />
| runs2 = 8,750<br />
| bat avg2 = 48.61<br />
| 100s/50s2 = 29/34<br />
| top score2 = 238[[not out|*]]<br />
| deliveries2 = 756<br />
| wickets2 = 15<br />
| bowl avg2 = 35.26<br />
| fivefor2 = 1<br />
| tenfor2 = 0<br />
| best bowling2 = 6/111<br />
| catches/stumpings2 = 58/–<br />
| date = 12 May<br />
| year = 2009<br />
| source = http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/32224.html ESPNcricinfo<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
[[Nawab]] '''Mohammad Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi''', sometimes '''I. A. K. Pataudi''' (16 March 1910 – 5 January 1952), was an Indian [[Princely state#Precedence and prestige|prince]] and cricket player.<br />
<br />
He was the [[List of India national cricket captains|captain]] of the [[India national cricket team|India's national cricket team]] during its [[Indian cricket team in England in 1946|tour of England in 1946]]. His son [[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi|Mansoor]] also later served as captain of the India cricket team.<br />
<br />
He also played [[Test cricket]] for the [[England cricket team|England team]] in 1932 and 1934, making him one of the few cricketers to have played Test cricket for two countries and the only Test cricketer to have played for both India and England.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/691775 |title=Royalty on the cricket field |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref> He played in six Tests in all, three as captain of India and three for England.<ref name="OTD">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/149554.html |title=Herschelle the bully |access-date=21 March 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo|date=16 March 2006 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Pataudi was the ruling [[Nawab]] of the [[princely state]] of [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]] during the [[British Raj]] from 1917 until 1947. After the state was [[political integration of India|absorbed]] into independent India, he was granted a [[Privy Purse in India|privy purse]], certain privileges, and the use of the title ''Nawab of Pataudi'' by the [[Government of India]],<ref name=ramusack-pol-integration>{{cite book|last=Ramusack|first=Barbara N.|authorlink=Barbara Ramusack|title=The Indian princes and their states|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kz1-mtazYqEC&pg=PA273|year=2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-26727-4|page=273|quote=The crucial document was the Instrument of Accession by which rulers ceded to the legislatures of India or Pakistan control over defence, external affairs, and communications. In return for these concessions, the princes were to be guaranteed a privy purse in perpetuity and certain financial and symbolic privileges such as exemption from customs duties, the use of their titles, the right to fly their state flags on their cars, and to have police protection. ... By December 1947 Patel began to pressure the princes into signing Merger Agreements that integrated their states into adjacent British Indian provinces, soon to be called states or new units of erstwhile princely states, most notably Rajasthan, Patiala and East Punjab States Union, and Matsya Union (Alwar, Bharatpur, Dholpur and Karaulli).}}</ref> which he retained until his death in 1952.<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
===Early life and family===<br />
Iftikhar Ali Khan was born at the Pataudi House into the family of the [[Nawab of Pataudi|Nawabs of Pataudi]], a small ({{convert|137|km2}}) [[salute state|non-salute]] [[princely state]] near [[Delhi]], located in the present-day [[Gurugram district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Haryana]]. The Pataudi family traces their origin to Faiz Talab Khan, an ethnic [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] of the [[Barech]] tribe, from [[Kandahar]], Afghanistan, who became the first Nawab of the Pataudi State in 1804.<ref name=hindu>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130316043409/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2003/08/03/stories/2003080300740800.htm The Hindu, Sunday, 3 Aug 2003 - ''Royal vignettes: Pataudi: The Afghan connection'']</ref><br />
<br />
Iftikhar Ali Khan was the elder son of Nawab Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan of [[Pataudi]] and his wife Shahar Bano Begum, daughter of Amiruddin Ahmad Khan, the [[Nawab of Loharu]]. Thus, he was related to the great Urdu poet [[Mirza Ghalib]] as well as later day [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Pakistan prime minister]], [[Liaqat Ali Khan]]. His brother, [[Sher Ali Khan Pataudi]] and nephew, Isfandiyar Ali Khan Pataudi, both served as a Major General of [[Pakistan Army]]. His sister, Begum Abida Sultana's son, [[Ashiq Hussain Qureshi]], was a cricketer and civil servant in Pakistan. He became Nawab on his father's death in 1917 and was formally appointed ruler in December 1931. His state became part of the newly [[Dominion of India|independent India]] in 1948. After Indian independence, he was employed in the [[Indian Foreign Office]] until his death.<br />
<br />
===Education and marriage===<br />
Educated at Chiefs' College (later renamed [[Aitchison College]]), [[Lahore]], and at [[Balliol College, Oxford]], Iftikhar married [[Sajida Sultan, Begum of Bhopal|Begum Sajida Sultan]], second daughter of [[Hamidullah Khan]], last ruling [[Nawab of Bhopal]], in 1939. Hamidullah Khan was to have been succeeded in the titles and privileges associated with the ruling house of [[Bhopal]] by his eldest daughter [[Abida Sultan]]. She emigrated to [[Pakistan]] in the aftermath of the [[partition of India]]. His voluntary accession of his state to India by going to Delhi has been recounted in [[V P Menon]]'s book ''The story of Integration of Indian States''. V P Menon remembered him as "Great Patriot who unfortunately died young". Sajida therefore succeeded her father and was recognised by the government of India as [[Begum of Bhopal]] in 1961. Upon her demise in 1995, her son Mansoor succeeded to the estates and titles associated with the Nawabs of Bhopal.<br />
<br />
==Cricketing career==<br />
Iftikhar Ali Khan was coached at school in India by Oxford cricketer M. G. Slater and then in England by [[Frank Woolley]]. He went to Oxford in 1927. It was two years before he won a [[Oxford blue|blue]]; this was for a 106 and 84 that saved a match against Cambridge. In the 1931 season, he scored 1,307 runs for Oxford and finished with a [[batting average (cricket)|batting average]] of 93, heading the Oxford averages. In the [[The University Match (cricket)|University Match]] that year, [[Alan Ratcliffe]] scored 201 for Cambridge, a new record. Pataudi declared that he would beat it, and hit 238* on the very next day. This stood as a record for the University Match until 2005. Pataudi qualified to play for [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]] in 1932 but played only three matches and scored just 65 runs in six innings. However, his slaughter of [[Tich Freeman]] with marvellous footwork during an innings of 165 for the [[Gentlemen v Players|Gentlemen]] at [[Lord's]] in July 1932 gained him a place on the [[Ashes series|Ashes tour]] for that winter. He was selected as a [[Wisden Cricketer of the Year]] in 1932.<br />
<br />
===Selection for First Test match===<br />
He was selected for the first Test of the [[English cricket team in Australia in 1932–33|1932–33 Ashes series]], Pataudi followed in the footsteps of [[Ranjitsinhji]] by scoring a century (102) on his Test debut in [[Sydney]], which [[England]] won by 10 wickets. He nonetheless incurred the ire of his captain [[Douglas Jardine]] by dissenting against Jardine's [[bodyline]] tactics. Upon Pataudi's refusal to take his place in a bodyline leg-side field, Jardine retorted, "I see His Highness is a conscientious objector." He was dropped after the second Test in Melbourne, in which he scored 15 and 5, and did not play again that series.<br />
<br />
It is said that Jardine told him he would never play for his "adopted country" again,<ref>{{cite news |last=Babar |first=Um-E-Aymen |date=Spring 2022 |title=Choose Your Side |work=The Nightwatchman }}</ref> presumably a comment with racial implications (since Jardine himself had been born in India, and was of Scottish parentage, England was his "adopted country" also). Pataudi did play one further time for England and, towards the end of the 1932-33 tour, he said of Jardine: "I am told he has his good points. In three months I have yet to see them."<ref>Williamson, Martin (25 October 2007) [http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/316847.html Rubbing almost everyone up the wrong way]. ESPNcricinfo</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi 1929 (1).jpg|thumbnail|left|150px|Pataudi in 1929, at Oxford]]<br />
1933 was Pataudi's only full season of county cricket, and he batted marvelously, again slaughtering Freeman at Worcester and scoring two other double-hundreds. He finished with 1749 runs at an average of 49, but after more brilliant batting early in 1934 his health broke down and he played just ten games, although recording a batting average of 91.33. He played in his third and last Test for England in June 1934, against Australia at Trent Bridge, scoring 12 and 10. Pataudi did not play at all in 1935 and 1936 and only five times altogether in 1937 and 1938. Nonetheless, in these games, he batted so well that Worcestershire, weak in batting, were always regretting he could not play more often.<br />
<br />
He has been considered as a possible captain for the India team in its first Test match in 1932, at Lord's, but withdrew his name from consideration. He was appointed captain for the India tour of England in 1936, but withdrew at the last moment, ostensibly on health grounds. He finally played for India when he captained the [[Indian cricket team in England in 1946|tour to England in 1946]]. Despite averaging 46.71 on the tour, he scored only 55 runs in 5 Test innings, and his captaincy was also criticized. He was Indian Cricketer of the Year in 1946/47. He planned a return to play for Worcestershire for the 1952 county cricket season but died in India before he came back.<br />
<br />
Iftikhar Ali Khan was also a fine [[field hockey|hockey]] and billiards player and an accomplished speaker. In 2007, in commemoration of the 75th anniversary of India's Test debut, the [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] commissioned a trophy in Pataudi's name, to be competed for in the Test series between India and England.<br />
<br />
==Death and legacy==<br />
In addition to their son, Iftikhar and Sajida were also the parents of three daughters. Iftikhar died in Delhi of a heart attack while playing polo on 5 January 1952,<ref>{{cite web|title=Making Britain: Iftikhar Ali Khan|publisher=[[Open University]] |url=https://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/iftikhar-ali-khan}}</ref> coincidentally his son [[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi|Mansoor Ali Khan's]] eleventh birthday. That son succeeded him as the 9th [[Nawab of Pataudi]], and later also served as captain of the Indian cricket team. Iftikhar was also the grandfather of [[Bollywood]] actors [[Saif Ali Khan]] and [[Soha Ali Khan]].<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Nawab of Pataudi]]<br />
*[[List of cricketers who have played for more than one international team]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{commons category-inline|Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi}}<br />
*[http://www.rediff.com/cricket/2002/jul/17wisden.htm Resume of cricketing career]<br />
*{{ESPNcricinfo|id=32224}}<br />
*[http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/p/pataudi.html Genealogy of the ruling chiefs of Pataudi]<br />
* Mihir Bose, 'Khan, Muhammad Iftikhar Ali, nawab of Pataudi (1910–1952)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2011 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/58835 accessed 22 May 2012]<br />
<br />
{{s-start}}<br />
{{succession box|<br />
before=[[Maharajkumar of Vizianagram]]|<br />
title=[[Indian National Test Cricket Captains|Indian National Test Cricket Captain]]|<br />
years=1946|<br />
after=[[Lala Amarnath]]<br />
}}<br />
{{succession box|<br />
before=[[Nawab Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan]]|<br />
title=[[Nawab of Pataudi]]|<br />
years=1917–1952|<br />
after=[[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi|Nawab Mansoor Ali Khan]]<br />
}}<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
{{Indian Test Cricket Captains}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pataudi, Iftikhar Ali Khan}}<br />
[[Category:1910 births]]<br />
[[Category:1952 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:British Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:English cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:England Test cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:India Test cricket captains]]<br />
[[Category:Cricketers who made a century on Test debut]]<br />
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:India Test cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male field hockey players]]<br />
[[Category:Indian people of Pashtun descent]]<br />
[[Category:Dual international cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Aitchison College alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Oxford University cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Gentlemen cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Worcestershire cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Wisden Cricketers of the Year]]<br />
[[Category:Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Southern Punjab cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:North Zone cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford]]<br />
[[Category:Cricketers from Bhopal]]<br />
[[Category:English cricketers of 1919 to 1945]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English sportsmen]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bangiya_Sahitya_Parishat&diff=469709Bangiya Sahitya Parishat2026-01-01T09:50:39Z<p>JerryGuerrero: general improved lead after review and improved wording</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian literary society}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=September 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Infobox institute<br />
| name = Bangiya Sahitya Parishat<br />
| other_name = বঙ্গীয় সাহিত্য পরিষৎ<br />
| image = Bangiya Sahitya Parishat Shilmohor.svg<br />
| image_upright = 0.8<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = [[Façade]] of Bangiya Sahitya Parishat building<br />
| motto = <br />
| founder = <br />
| established = {{start date and age|1893|07|23|df=yes}}<br />
| mission = <br />
| focus = Study and development of the Bengali Language and Literature.<br />
| president = Baridbaran Ghosh<br />
| ceo = <br />
| chairman = <br />
| head_label = <br />
| head = <br />
| faculty = <br />
| adjunct_faculty = <br />
| staff = <br />
| key_people = <br />
| budget = <br />
| endowment = <br />
| debt = <br />
| num_members = <br />
| subsidiaries = <br />
| owner = <br />
| non-profit_slogan = <br />
| former_name = Bengal Academy of Literature<br />
| location = <br />
| city = [[Kolkata]]<br />
| state = [[West Bengal]]<br />
| province = <br />
| country = India<br />
| coor = <br />
| address = 243/1, [[AJC Bose Road & APC Road|Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road]], Kolkata-700006<br />
| website = {{URL|https://bangiyasahityaparishat.org/}}<br />
| approval = <br />
| dissolved = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
[[File:Bangiya Sahitya Parisad.jpg|thumb|Bangiya Sahitya Parishad<br>6 December 1908]]<br />
<br />
'''Bangiya Sahitya Parishat''' ({{literal translation|Bengal Academy of Literature}}) is a [[literary society]] in [[Maniktala]] of [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India. Established during the time of the [[British Raj]], its goal is to promote [[Bengali language|Bengali]] literature, both by translating works in other languages to Bengali and promoting the production of original Bengali literature.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The organisation was founded by L. Leotard and Kshetrapal Chakraborty on 23 July 1893. Then it was known as ''The Bengal Academy of Literature''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-06|script-title=bn:সম্পাদক সমীপেষু: ঐতিহ্যের ইতিহাস|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/amp/editorial/letters-to-the-editor/the-128th-birthday-of-the-bengal-literary-council-passed-in-silence-due-to-covid-crisis-1.1186009|access-date=2020-09-26|website=anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref> On 29 April 1894, the name of the society itself was changed to ''Bangiya Sahitya Parishat''.<br />
1894 saw the first officers, with [[Romesh Chunder Dutt]] as the first president and [[Rabindranath Tagore]] and [[Nabinchandra Sen]] as vice presidents.<ref name="bp">{{cite book |last=Mozammel |first=Md Muktadir Arif |year=2012 |chapter=Vangiya Sahitya Parishad |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Vangiya_Sahitya_Parishad |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Manipuri Sahitya Parishad]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Bengal Renaissance}}<br />
{{Bengali language topics}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Bangiya Sahitya Parishat|Bangiya Sahitya Parishat]]<br />
[[Category:Indic literature societies]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali literary institutions]]<br />
[[Category:Book publishing companies of India]]<br />
[[Category:Companies based in Kolkata]]<br />
[[Category:Organisations based in Kolkata]]<br />
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1893]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali-language education]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali language in India]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dipak_Barman&diff=461214Dipak Barman2025-12-26T08:26:04Z<p>JerryGuerrero: updated details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Undisclosed paid|date=May 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Dipak Barman<br />
| image =<br />
| caption = <br />
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start = 2 May 2021<br />
| term_end =<br />
| constituency = [[Falakata (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Falakata]]<br />
| predecessor = [[Anil Adhikari (politician)|Anil Adhikari]]<br />
| successor = <br />
| birth_place = <br />
| birth_date = <br />
| spouse = <br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| residence = [[Falakata]] [[Alipurduar district]], [[West Bengal]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[North Bengal University]]<br />
| profession = Politician<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Dipak Barman''' is an Indian politician from [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]. In May 2021, he was elected as the member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Falakata (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Falakata]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dipak Barman {{!}} West Bengal Assembly Election Results Live, Candidates News, Videos, Photos|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/west-bengal/dipak-barman-falakata-candidate-s25a013c002/|access-date=2021-05-13|website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dipak Barman Election Results 2021: News, Votes, Results of West-bengal Assembly|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election-candidates-list-2021/dipak-barman-25013-3|access-date=2021-05-13|website=NDTV.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Barman is from [[Falakata]], [[Alipurduar district]]. His father's name is Suresh Chandra Barman.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-profile/MTM2Nzk=/MTY=/MTA=/Mw==/QUM=|access-date=2021-05-13|website=affidavit.eci.gov.in}}</ref> He passed M.A. in English from [[North Bengal University]] in 2005 and B.Ed. from [[North Bengal University]] in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dipak Barman(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- FALAKATA (SC)(ALIPURDUAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:|url=https://myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=784|access-date=2021-05-13|website=myneta.info}}</ref> He contested [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Falakata (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Falakata]] Vidhan Sabha and won the seat on 2 May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=न्यूज़|first=एबीपी|date=2021-05-02|title=Falakata, West Bengal Election Final Results LIVE: BJP के DIPAK BARMAN की हुई जीत, CPI(M) के KSHITISH CHANDRA RAY रहें दूसरे नंबर पर|url=https://www.abplive.com/elections/falakata-bengal-election-2021-results-live-updates-constituency-number-13-falakata-west-bengal-election-2021-vote-counting-results-leading-trailing-2-may-2021-1908206|access-date=2021-05-13|website=www.abplive.com|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Falakata, West Bengal Assembly election result 2021|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/falakata-west-bengal-assembly-election-result-2021-live-updates-1797096-2021-05-02|access-date=2021-05-13|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barman, Dipak}}<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:People from Alipurduar district]]<br />
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]<br />
<br />
{{WestBengal-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nagrijuli&diff=519987Nagrijuli2025-12-18T06:00:33Z<p>JerryGuerrero: New</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Locality in Assam, India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Nagrijuli<br />
| other_name = <br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| settlement_type = [[Gram Panchayat]], [[Tehsil]]<br />
| etymology = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India<br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Map of Assam<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|26.7107|91.6758|display=inline,title}}<br />
| coordinates_footnotes = <br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Baksa district|Tamulpur]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = Nagrijuli<br />
| established_title = <br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| seat_type = <br />
| seat = <br />
| leader_party = <br />
| leader_title = <br />
| leader_name = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_total = 94137<br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = Postal code<br />
| postal_code = 781368<ref>{{cite web |title=NAGRIJULI Pin Code |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/assam/nalbari/nagrijuli-pincode-781368.html |website=news.abplive.com |access-date=25 July 2022}}</ref><br />
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in India|STD Code]]<br />
| area_code = 03624<br />
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Census of India|Census]] code<br />
| blank_info_sec1 = 304621<br />
| footnotes = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = [[Baksa district]]<br />
| area_total_ha = 7426<br />
| registration_plate = AS-28<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Nagrijuli''' is an urban locality and [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayat]] (Block) in [[Baksa district]], [[Assam]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=India |last2=Parliament |last3=Rajya Sabha |last4=India |last5=Parliament |last6=Rajya Sabha |last7=Secretariat |date=2011 |title=Parliamentary Debates: Official Report |journal=Parliamentary Debates: Official Report |language=English |volume=222 |issue=15–17 |pages=335 |issn=0537-0167 |via=WorldCat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1992 |others=Brünn. Moravské muzeum Oddĕleni pro diluvium "Anthropos" |title=Anthropologie |journal=Anthropologie |publisher=Moravské muzeum, Ústav Anthropos |volume=30-31 |pages=190 |issn=0323-1119}}</ref> Nagrijuli is an area with 7,426 hectares, and has a tea estate.<ref>{{cite news |last=Paul |first=Mahuya |title=Rossell Tea Buys Nagrijuli Estate For Rs 15 Crore |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/rossell-tea-buys-nagrijuli-estate-for-rs-15-crore-199103001031_1.html |access-date=25 July 2022 |work=Business Standard India |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |date=30 October 1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=District Irrigation Plan, 2016-2020 Baksa, Assam |url=https://dirhorti.assam.gov.in/sites/default/files/swf_utility_folder/departments/horticulture_medhassu_in_oid_5/menu/document/District%20Irrigation%20Plan%2C%20Baksa_0.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716034351/https://dirhorti.assam.gov.in/sites/default/files/swf_utility_folder/departments/horticulture_medhassu_in_oid_5/menu/document/District%20Irrigation%20Plan%2C%20Baksa_0.pdf |archive-date=16 July 2022 |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=Directorate of Horticulture & Food Processing {{!}} Government Of Assam, India}}</ref><br />
<br />
As per the [[2011 Census of India]], the Nagrijuli area has a total population of 94,137 people including 47,823 males and 46,314 females.<ref>{{cite web |title=Primary Census Abstract C.D. Block wise, Assam - District Baksa - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/41003/download/44634/PCA_CDB-1825-F-Census.xlsx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717212558/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/41003/download/44634/PCA_CDB-1825-F-Census.xlsx |archive-date=17 July 2022 |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Baksa district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Assam-geo-stub}}</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aradhana&diff=487215Aradhana2025-11-27T16:49:54Z<p>JerryGuerrero: Made new data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{wikt|sa:आराधन|sa:आराधना}}<br />
'''''Aradhana''''' or '''''Aaradhana''''' is a Sanskrit word meaning an act of glorifying God or worship. It may refer to:<br />
<br />
==Films==<br />
*[[Aradhana (1962 film)|''Aradhana'' (1962 film)]], an Indian Telugu-language film directed by V. Madhusudhan Rao, starring Akkineni Nageswara Rao and Savitri<br />
*[[Aradhana (1969 film)|''Aradhana'' (1969 film)]], Indian Hindi-language romance film by Shakti Samanta, starring Rajesh Khanna and Sharmila Tagore<br />
*[[Aradhana (1976 film)|''Aradhana'' (1976 film)]], Indian Telugu-language film starring N. T. Rama Rao<br />
*[[Aradhana (1977 film)|''Aradhana'' (1977 film)]], Indian Malayalam-language by Madhu<br />
*[[Aradhana (1981 film)|''Aradhana'' (1981 film)]], a [[List of Sri Lankan films of the 1980s|1981 Sri Lankan film]] directed by Vijaya Dharma <br />
*''[[Aaradhane]]'', a 1984 Indian Kannada-language film <br />
*[[Aradhana (1987 film)|''Aradhana'' (1987 film)]], Indian Telugu-language romance film by Bharathiraja, starring Chiranjeevi and Suhasini<br />
<br />
==People with the given name==<br />
*[[Aradhana Misra]] (born 1974), Indian politician<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*{{in title}}<br />
*[[Aaradhna]] (born 1983), New Zealand R&B singer<br />
*[[Aradhna]], an Indian spiritual band from Cincinnati, USA<br />
<br />
{{Disambiguation|given name}}</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narhar_Vishnu_Gadgil&diff=445746Narhar Vishnu Gadgil2025-11-19T15:31:50Z<p>JerryGuerrero: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician (1896–1966)}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=March 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Narhar Vishnu Gadgil<br />
| image = Narahar Vishnu Gadgil Official portrait 1958.jpg<br />
| caption = Gadgil in 1958<br />
| office = 3rd [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]]<br />
| term_start = 15 September 1958<br />
| term_end = 1 October 1962<br />
| 1blankname = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata = [[Partap Singh Kairon]]<br />
| predecessor = [[Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh]]<br />
| successor = [[Pattom Thanu Pillai]]<br />
| office1 = 1st [[Ministry of Power (India)|Minister of Power]]<br />
| term_start1 = 15 August 1947<br />
| term_end1 = 12 December 1950<br />
| primeminister1 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]<br />
| predecessor1 = ''Office Established''<br />
| successor1 = [[Gulzarilal Nanda]]<br />
| birth_date = 10 January 1896<br />
| birth_place = [[Malhargarh]], [[British India]] {{small|(Now in [[Madhya Pradesh]], India)}}<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1966|1|12|1896|1|10|df=y}}<br />
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| education = [[Fergusson College]]<br />
}}<br />
[[File:N.V. Gadgil at Bharatpur Railway Station for the inauguration of the Matsya States Union (March 1948) (Cropped).png|thumb|N.V. Gadgil at Bharatpur Railway Station for the inauguration of the Matsya States Union (March 1948)]]<br />
'''Narhar Vishnu Gadgil''' (10 January 1896 – 12 January 1966) was an Indian [[freedom fighter]] and politician who served as 1st [[Ministry of Power (India)|Minister of Power]] from 1947 to 1950 and 3rd [[List of governors of Punjab, India|Governor of Punjab]] from 1958 to 1962. He was also a writer. He wrote in both [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and English.<ref name="stamp">{{cite web<br />
| url = http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/N/NARHAR%20VISHNU%20GADGIL<br />
| title = Narhar Vishnu Gadgil<br />
| publisher = Indian Postage Stamp Site<br />
| access-date = 10 January 2017}}</ref> His son [[Vitthalrao Gadgil]] represented Congress later as minister and ideologue. His grandson [[Anant Gadgil]] also went on to become a politician.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Marpakwar |first1=Prafulla |title=Congress plays Brahmin card: Congress plays Brahmin card in Maharashtra, makes governor nominate Anant Gadgil to Vidhan Parishad {{!}} Mumbai News |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Congress-plays-Brahmin-card-in-Maharashtra-makes-governor-nominate-Anant-Gadgil-to-Vidhan-Parishad/articleshow/36727364.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=TNN |date=18 June 2014 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gadgil graduated from [[Fergusson College]] in [[Pune]] in 1918, and obtained a degree in Law in 1920.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Who's who on Indian stamps|date=1999|publisher=Mohan B. Daryanani|others=Sushma Suresh, Mohan B. Daryanani|isbn=84-931101-0-8|location=Pune|oclc=44128237}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Activities before India's independence==<br />
Gadgil was born a member of the [[Gadgil]] ''[[Noble house (term)|gharana]]'' of [[Velneshwar]]-[[Wai, Maharashtra|Wai]].<ref name="Joshi">{{cite book |last1=Joshi |first1=P. K. |title=Gadgil Kulavruttanta |trans-title=The Gadgil Family Genealogy Almanac |date=1989 |location=[[Pune]] |language=mr |pages=213–216}}</ref><br />
<br />
In India's pre-independence days, freedom fighters Lokmanya [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]], [[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], and [[Vallabhbhai Patel]] influenced Gadgil. Spiritual leaders Swami Ramkrishna Paramhans and Swami [[Vivekanand]] also made a deep impression on him. He joined the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1920, immediately after obtaining his law degree and started his active participation in the national freedom movement.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=PART II BOMBAY PRESIDENCY POLICE ABSTRACTS OF INTELLIGENCE|url=https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/VOL-XI/PART_II_PAGE_572_617.pdf|access-date=3 January 2022|website=Maharashtra Department of Tourism and Culture}}</ref> He suffered imprisonment from the ruling British government eight times for the participation.<br />
<br />
In India's pre-independence days, Gadgil served as the secretary of Poona District Congress Committee (1921–25), the president of Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee (1937–45), and the whip and secretary of the Congress Legislative Party (1945–47). He was elected to the central Legislative Assembly in 1934.<br />
<br />
Gadgil was a pioneer in social reform movements in Maharashtra in the 1930s.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Dalits in India|date=2002–2003|publisher=Kalpaz Publications|others=Sanjay Paswan, Pramanshi Jaideva|isbn=81-7835-066-1|location=Delhi|oclc=49327103}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Constitution of India|url=https://www.constitutionofindia.net/|access-date=4 January 2022|website=constitutionofindia.net}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the [[Salt March|Civil Disobedience Movement]], which began in 1930, Gadgil was listed as a leader for the Maharashtra Civil Disobedience Committee and the Pune War Council.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=PART II BOMBAY PRESIDENCY POLICE ABSTRACTS OF INTELLIGENCE|url=https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/VOL-XI/PART_II_PAGE_572_617.pdf|access-date=3 January 2022|website=Maharashtra Department of Tourism and Culture}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Service after India's independence==<br />
Between 1947 and 1952 Gadgil served as a minister in the first central cabinet of independent India. He held the portfolios of Public Works, and Mines and Power. In his first year in the central Cabinet, he initiated the project of building a ''military-caliber'' road from [[Pathankot]] to [[Srinagar]] via [[Jammu]] in [[Kashmir]] as a part of India's activities in the 1947 Indo-Pakistan War. As a cabinet minister, he also initiated the important development projects pertaining to [[Bhakra Dam|Bhakra]], [[Koyna Dam|Koyna]], and Hirakund dams. He was a member of the Congress Working Committee from 1952 to 1955.<br />
<br />
Gadgil served as the governor of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] from 1958 to 1962 and as the vice-chancellor of [[Pune University|Poona University]] 1964 onwards until his death less than two years later.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
He was associated with several public associations and institutions, including Sarvajanik Sabha, Pune; Young Men's Association, Pune; Maharashtra Youth League, Bombay; Pune Central Cooperative Bank; and Pune Municipality.<br />
<br />
His son [[Vitthalrao Gadgil]] was a veteran congressman and [[Member of Parliament|MP]] from [[Pune]] [[Lok Sabha]] constituency,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/larrdis/WhosWho_1996.pdf|title=Who's Who 1996|publisher=Secretary-General, Rajya Sabha|year=1997|location=New Delhi, India|pages=126|language=English}}</ref> and his grandson Anant Gadgil is currently spokesman for Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee.<br />
<br />
==Honour==<br />
The Indian Post & Telegraph Department issued a commemorative postage stamp in Gadgil's honour in 1985.<ref name="stamp"/><br />
<br />
==Authorship==<br />
Gadgil wrote several books and articles on politics, economics, law, and history. He was elected president of [[Marathi Sahitya Sammelan]] in 1962 held at [[Satara (city)|Satara]].<br />
<br />
The following are some of Gadgil's books:<br />
<br />
* ''Pathik'' (autobiography)<br />
* ''Rajya Shastra Wichar''<br />
* ''Shubha Shastra''<br />
* ''Waktrutwa Shastra''<br />
* ''Gyanbache Arthashastra''<br />
* ''Government from Inside''<br />
* '' Shikhancha Itihaas'' (history of Sikhs)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{commons category|Narhar Vishnu Gadgil}}<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{First Indian Cabinet}}<br />
{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gadgil, Narahar Vishnu}}<br />
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Governors of Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi-language writers]]<br />
[[Category:First Nehru ministry]]<br />
[[Category:1896 births]]<br />
[[Category:1966 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Politicians from Pune]]<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1952–1957]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Central Legislative Assembly of India]]<br />
[[Category:Place of death missing]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Presidents of the Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan]]<br />
[[Category:Ministers of power of India]]<br />
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]<br />
[[Category:Civil disobedience in India]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haldibari,_India&diff=547118Haldibari, India2025-11-13T19:12:52Z<p>JerryGuerrero: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Haldibari<br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = City<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|26.33|N|88.77|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Cooch Behar district|Cooch Behar]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipality]]<br />
| governing_body = Haldibari Municipality<br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Haldibari City|url=https://www.sudawb.org/wbdma_oldversion/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Haldibari.htm|website=www.sudawb.org|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref><br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 10<br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = 57<br />
| population_total = 1,28,922<br />
| population_as_of = 2021<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=www.wb.gov.in|access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=12 March 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref><br />
| demographics1_title2 = Additional&nbsp;official<br />
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]]<ref name="wblangoff"/><br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 735122<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = 03561<br />
| registration_plate = 71, 72<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalpaiguri]]<br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Mekliganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mekhliganj]]<br />
| website = {{url|https://www.haldibarimunicipality.org/}}<br />
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]<br />
| footnotes = <br />
| official_name = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Haldibari''' ({{IPA|bn|ɦoldibaɽi}}) is a city and a municipality in the [[Mekhliganj subdivision]] of the [[Cooch Behar district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
{{OSM Location map<br />
| width=450| height=400| zoom=10<br />
| coord={{coord|26|14|0|N|89|2|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places in the Mathabhanga, Mekhliganj subdivisions and Sitai CD block of Dinhata subdivision in Cooch Behar district'''<br/>CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, M: Municipal town<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly<br />
|mark-coord1={{coord|26|19|48|N|89|13|12|E}}| label-pos1=left|label1= Mathabhanga | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Mathabhanga]] (M)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2<br />
|mark-coord2={{coord|26|19|48|N|88|46|12|E}}| label-pos2=right|label2= Haldibari| numbered2=M| mark-title2= Haldibari, India (M)|shape-color2=black| label-size2=13|label-color2=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --><br />
|mark-coord3={{coord|26|21|0|N|88|55|12|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3= Mekhliganj| numbered3=M| mark-title3= [[Mekhliganj]] (M)| shape-color3= #800000<br />
|mark-coord4={{coord|26|24|47|N|88|55|9|E}}| label-pos4=top|label4=Changrabandha|labela4= Check-point| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Changrabandha]] (CT)| shape-color4= #A40000<br />
|mark-coord5={{coord|26|25|52|N|89|16|23|E}}| label-pos5=left|label5=Ghoksadanga| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Ghoksadanga]] (R)| shape-color5= #C42222<br />
|mark-coord6={{coord|26|20|10|N|89|15|13|E}}| label-pos6=top|label6=Matiar Kuthi| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Matiar Kuthi]] (R)| shape-color6= #C42222<br />
|mark-coord7={{coord|26|18|56|N|89|18|35|E}}| label-pos7=left|label7=Nishiganj| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Nishiganj]] (R)| shape-color7= #C42222<br />
|mark-coord8={{coord|26|20|45|N|89|9|26|E}}| label-pos8=top|label8=Sikarpur| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Sikarpur, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color8= #C42222<br />
|mark-coord9={{coord|26|10|23|N|89|10|46|E}}| label-pos9=top|label9=Sitalkuchi| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Sitalkuchi, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color9= #C42222<br />
|mark-coord10={{coord|26|18|11|N|88|59|0|E}}| label-pos10=left|label10=Kuchlibari| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Kuchlibari]] (R)| shape-color10= #C42222<br />
|mark-coord11={{coord|26|3|5|N|89|19|13|E}}| label-pos11=top|label11=Sitai| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Sitai, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color11= #C42222<br />
|mark-coord12={{coord|26|24|0|N|88|48|20|E}}|label12= Teesta River| label-color12 = #77A1CB| label-angle12=50| label-pos12=top| label-size12=10| mark-size12=0| mark-title12=none<br />
|mark-coord13={{coord|26|13|30|N|89|16|40|E}}|label13= Jaldhaka River| label-color13 = #77A1CB| label-angle13=65| label-pos13=top| label-size13=10| mark-size13=0| mark-title13=none<br />
|arc-coordA={{coord|26|10|0|N|88|50|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-10| arc-gapA=4.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}}<br />
<br />
===Location===<br />
Haldibari is located at {{Coord|26.33|N|88.77|E|}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Haldibari.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Haldibari, India|website=www.fallingrain.com|access-date=27 December 2019}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 57&nbsp;metres (187&nbsp;feet). Haldibari is a town located near India-Bangladesh border.<br />
<br />
According to the ''District Census Handbook 2011, Cooch Bihar'', Haldbari covered an area of 10.5&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Koch Bihar, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 593-594 : Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 595 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Area overview===<br />
The map alongside shows the western part of the district. In Mekhliganj subdivision 9.91% of the population lives in the urban areas and 90.09% lives in the rural areas. In Mathabhanga subdivision 3.67% of the population, the lowest in the district, lives in the urban areas and 96.35% lives in the rural areas.<ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 5 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref> The entire district forms the flat [[alluvium|alluvial]] flood plains of mighty rivers.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, pages 17-21 Physical feafures| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 5 August 2020}}</ref> <br />
<small>Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivisions. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.</small><br />
<br />
==Climate==<br />
Like other places of eastern India Haldibari experiences three seasons, namely Summer, Monsoons and Winter. The town experiences heavy amount of rainfall during the Monsoon. In the summer the temperature reaches around 35 degrees of Celsius and in extreme winter the temperature sometimes falls down to 5 degrees of Celsius.<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
As per [[2011 Census of India]] Haldibari had a total population of 14,404 of which 7,306 (51%) were males and 7,098 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 1,341. The total number of literate persons in Haldibari was 10,968 (76.1%), with male literacy of 79.2% and female literacy of 73.0%. The effective literacy rate of population aged 7 years and above 84.0%, of which male literacy rate was 87.6% and female literacy rate was 80.3%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 5,109 and 135 respectively. Haldibari had 3405 households in 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Haldibari |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=347958 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=23 November 2019}}</ref><ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 2 August 2020 }}</ref><br />
<br />
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]], Haldibari had a population of 13,170. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Haldibari has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 62%. In Haldibari, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Civic administration==<br />
Administration of the Haldibari Municipality is headed by a chairman who is elected by the residents of the town. It has 11 wards from where the councilors are elected. The newly elected chairman is Sri Shankar Kumar Das and Vice chairman is Sri Amitava Biswas.<br />
<br />
===Police station===<br />
Haldibari police station has jurisdiction over Haldibari municipal area and Haldibari CD block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar |work = Tables 2.1 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 August 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://coochbehar.nic.in/Htmfiles/CoB_Police.html | title = Police Stations under Cooch Behar district| publisher = Cooch Behar Police |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
===CD block HQ===<br />
The headquarters of the Haldibari CD block are located at Haldibari town.<ref name="map">{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, Fifth page, map of Koch Bihar district| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Transport==<br />
[[Haldibari railway station]] is on the [[Haldibari-New Jalpaiguri line]] It also connects India with [[Chilahati railway station|Chilahati]] in Bangladesh. Haldibari has a [[North Bengal State Transport Corporation|NBSTC]] depot located at the Purbopara area of Haldibari which offers bus services around all parts of North Bengal. <br />
<ref>{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-new-jalpaiguri-haldibari-passenger-55751/14176/444/1601 | title = New Jalpaguri-Haldibari Passenger | work= Time Table| publisher = IndiaRailInfo |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Education==<br />
[[Netaji Subhas Mahavidyalaya]] was established in 1985. Affiliated with the [[Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University]], it offers honours courses in Bengali, English, history, political science and geography, and a general course in arts.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.nsmahavidyalaya.org.in/ |title = Netaji Subhas Mahaviyalaya |publisher= NSM | access-date = 2 August 2020 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Healthcare==<br />
Haldibari Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at Haldibari, is the major government medical facility in the Haldibari CD block.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =29 July 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Haldibari High School]]<br />
Boxiganj Abdul Kader Sarkar High School <br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|3}}<br />
<br />
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}<br />
{{Cooch Behar District}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Cities and towns in Cooch Behar district]]<br />
[[Category:Cities in West Bengal]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Himalayan_Adventure_Challenge&diff=502739Himalayan Adventure Challenge2025-11-10T18:05:38Z<p>JerryGuerrero: Created first pg first draft.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Annual adventure race held in India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br />
'''Himalayan Adventure Challenge''' is an [[Adventure racing|adventure race]] held every year in India. It is considered an [[extreme sport]] because it is held on slopes of [[Himalayas]] range. Its a [[triathlon]] race which includes [[rafting]], [[hiking]] and [[mountain biking]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Himalayan adventure challenge: Slaying the Uttarakhand Triathlon |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/exclusive-himalayan-adventure-challenge-slaying-the-uttarakhand-triathlon-1120205-2018-01-01 |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> It is an elite [[Obstacle course racing]] similar to [[Spartan Race]] which is considered toughest obstacle course race.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Arvind |date=2022-01-31 |title=Himalayan Adventure Challenge: A Game of Limbs and Lungs |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/himalayan-adventure-challenge-a-game-of-limbs-and-lungs/article38352137.ece |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The events held by Aqua Terra Trust. It was started in July 2013 after [[2013 North India floods|2013 Uttarakhand floods]] and to promote tourism in flood affected areas. From then it held every year at Atali Ganga Race track in [[Rishikesh]], [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 Himalayan Adventure Challenge returns this December |url=https://hacrace.com/ |access-date=2023-03-10 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Events ==<br />
There events varies upon edition.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adventures |first=Aquaterra |date=2016-04-23 |title=The Himalayan Adventure Challenge |url=https://aquaterra.in/the-aquaterra-challenge/ |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=Aquaterra Adventures |language=en-US}}</ref> The events can be for Individuals or team. The events are sponsored by various athletics organisation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Release |first=ANI Press |date=2020-11-06 |title=Wild Warrior Race presents Himalayan Adventure Challenge 2020 - India's premier adventure race from 11th to 13th December |url=https://www.business-standard.com/content/press-releases-ani/wild-warrior-race-presents-himalayan-adventure-challenge-2020-india-s-premier-adventure-race-from-11th-to-13th-december-120110600387_1.html |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=www.business-standard.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Himalayan adventure challenge: Slaying the Uttarakhand Triathlon |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/exclusive-himalayan-adventure-challenge-slaying-the-uttarakhand-triathlon-1120205-2018-01-01 |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
# 10 kilometre (Intro.) - 5&nbsp;km rafting + 5&nbsp;km hiking<br />
# 30 kilometer ( Open) – 16&nbsp;km hiking + 14&nbsp;km rafting<br />
# 65 kilometre (Zealot) – 30&nbsp;km mountain biking + 21&nbsp;km hiking + 14&nbsp;km rafting<br />
# 75 kilometre - hiking + cross country cycling + [[paddling]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
Website: [https://hacrace.com/]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Obstacle racing]]<br />
[[Category:Adventure racing]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_Em_Popoy&diff=505002Jack Em Popoy2025-10-31T04:09:30Z<p>JerryGuerrero: Created the article w/ sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{distinguish|text=[[Jack en poy]], a Filipino version of [[rock, paper, scissors]]}}<br />
{{Use Philippine English|date=January 2023}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Jack Em Popoy: The Puliscredibles<br />
| image = Jack em Popoy poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Mike Tuviera]]<br />
| writer = [[Rodel Nacianceno]]<br />
| producer = {{Plainlist|<br />
* Rodel Nacianceno<br />
* Michael Tuviera<br />
* Jojo Oconer<br />
* Ramel David<br />
}}<br />
| starring = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[Coco Martin]] <br />
* [[Maine Mendoza]] <br />
* [[Vic Sotto]]<br />
}}<br />
| cinematography = Odyssey Flores<br />
| editing = {{ubl|Renewin Alano|Tara Illenberger}}<br />
| music = Jessie Lasaten<br />
| production_companies = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[APT Entertainment]]<br />
* [[Coco Martin|CCM Film Productions]]<br />
* [[M-Zet Productions]]<br />
}}<br />
| distributor = Axinite Digicinema Inc<br />
| released = {{film date|2018|12|25}}<br />
| runtime = 115 minutes<br />
| country = Philippines<br />
| language = Filipino<br />
| budget = {{Philippine Peso|96 million}}<br />
| gross = {{Philippine Peso|383 million}} {{small|(estimated)}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Jack Em Popoy: The Puliscredibles''''' is a 2018 Filipino [[action comedy film]] directed by [[Mike Tuviera]] and starring [[Coco Martin]], [[Vic Sotto]], and [[Maine Mendoza]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Llanera |first1=Melba |title=Coco Martin confirms MMFF 2018 movie with Vic Sotto |url=https://www.pep.ph/news/70621/coco-martin-confirms-mmff-2018-movie-with-vic-sotto |accessdate=October 26, 2018 |publisher=Philippine Entertainment Portal |date=June 12, 2018}}</ref> Its plot revolves around a team of ''"puliscredibles"''—consisting of three charismatic, adventurous police officers Jack (Martin), Popoy (Sotto), and Emily (Mendoza)—who embark on a mission to stop crimes from occurring within their vicinity.<ref>{{cite news |title=First photo of Coco, Maine and Vic as police officers in MMFF entry |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/08/01/18/look-first-photo-of-coco-maine-and-vic-as-police-officers-in-mmff-entry |access-date=October 26, 2018 |agency=[[ABS-CBN Corporation]] |publisher=[[ABS-CBN News]] |date=August 1, 2018}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=December 2018}} The film was released on December 25, 2018, as an official entry to the [[2018 Metro Manila Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Parungao |first1=Regina Mae |title=MMFF 2018 mesmerizes with Magic 8 |url=https://entertainment.mb.com.ph/2018/10/12/mmff-2018-mesmerizes-with-magic-8/ |accessdate=October 26, 2018 |publisher=[[Manila Bulletin]] |date=October 12, 2018 |archive-date=October 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013012744/https://entertainment.mb.com.ph/2018/10/12/mmff-2018-mesmerizes-with-magic-8/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=MMFF announces complete lineup for 2018 |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/entertainment/2018/10/10/mmff-lineup-2018.html |accessdate=October 26, 2018 |agency=[[CNN Philippines]] |publisher=CNN Philippines Staff |date=October 10, 2018 |archive-date=October 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015000756/http://cnnphilippines.com/entertainment/2018/10/10/mmff-lineup-2018.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Police Executive Master Sergeant (PEMS Perfecto "Popoy/Pops" Fernandez is a veteran police officer and is a doting father to his daughter Police Staff Sergeant (PSSg) Emily "Em" Fernandez. Pops is working at a drug-syndicate led by Don Antonio Montenegro with his children Andrew and Andrea. But Valerie, Antonio's second wife is not fully aware of the family business and Antonio is grooming Angelo to join. Police Captain (P/CAPT) Jacinto "Jack" Halimuyac joins the investigation into the Montenegros. During a police operation, Andrew is arrested but later released by Police Colonel (P/COL) Arturo Punongbayan. The Montenegros resort to more violent measures on Pops. Jack and Pops plan their next move against the Montenegros.<br />
<br />
Pops learned that Jack has a lonely past. He and his mother was abandoned by his father, while Jack learned that Emily is not Pops' biological daughter. He is the daughter of Pops' partner Domingo who was killed in a mission. But, Jack finds out that he is Pops' son whom he abandoned. But during a mission where Pops was shot and was taken to the hospital, Jack hears from Em that Pops is his father during a conversation. Pops explained to Jack that when seeking his revenge for the death of his partner, he was setup by Antonio of accepting bribe money and framed for Domingo's death resulting to his imprisonment but was later acquitted. He looked for Jack and his wife Rowena, but failed. Jack also said that he and his mother was forced to leave because Antonio's men tried to kill them and ended up wandering around the streets. They were later adopted by Nanding, Otep and Binoy, until his mother died, prompting Jack to blame Pops for all their miseries. When Arturo learns about the operation, he suspends Jack and Pops while they reiterate that someone from the police force is protecting the Montenegros. After being suspended, Pops proceeds into his operation at the [[Port Area, Manila|Port Area]]. He brings Jack with him and when they are at the harbor, Pops handcuffs Jack and said that this mission will be his final encounter with the Montenegros.<br />
<br />
Arturo tells Pops to abort his mission, threatening his dismissal. However, Pops sees Arturo pointing a gun at him and shoots him, realizing that he is the one protecting the Montenegros. Jack calls Em for back up, with her telling Jack that what Pops is doing is for him to prove that he loves him. Jack, Pops and Em join forces to defeat the Montenegros. Jack battles against Andrew in an abandoned ship, culminating in Andrew falling into an open pit, killing him instantly. Em fights Andrea inside a container truck being lifted. While trying to get her gun, Andrea falls from the container van to her death. In the warehouse where Domingo was murdered, Pops fights Antonio until the latter is shot by Jack and Em. Afterwards, Pops along with his friends celebrate Jack's birthday.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{Divcol|colwidth=22em}}<br />
<br />
===Main cast===<br />
*[[Coco Martin]] as Police Captain (P/CPT) Jacinto "Jack" Halimuyac<br />
*[[Vic Sotto]] as Police Chief Master Seargent (PCMS)"Popoy/Pops" Fernandez<br />
*[[Maine Mendoza]] as Patrolwoman Emily "Em" Fernandez<br />
<br />
===Supporting cast===<br />
*[[Arjo Atayde]] as Andrew Montenegro <br />
*[[Ronaldo Valdez]] as Antonio Montenegro<br />
*[[Ryza Cenon]] as Andrea Montenegro<br />
*[[Tirso Cruz III]] as Police Colonel (P/COL) Arturo Punongbayan<br />
*[[Cherry Pie Picache]] as Valerie Montenegro<br />
*[[Jose Manalo]] as Fernando "Nanding" Halimuyac<br />
*[[Wally Bayola]] as Joseph "Otep" Halimuyac<br />
*[[Paolo Ballesteros]] as Robin "Binoy" Halimuyac<br />
*[[Mark Lapid]] as Police Chief Master Sergeant (PCMS) Gregorio "Greg" Morales<br />
*Ronwaldo Martin as Rico <br />
*[[Chai Fonacier]] as Patrolwoman Jonalyn Fuentes<br />
*PJ Endrinal as Bebong<br />
*[[Ryzza Mae Dizon]] as Bebang<br />
*[[Sebastian Benedict|Baeby Baste]] as Angelo Montenegro<br />
<br />
===Guest cast===<br />
*[[Lito Lapid]] as Police Staff Sergeant (PSSg) Domingo<br />
*[[Whitney Tyson]] as Angelo's yaya<br />
*[[Bassilyo|Lordivino "Bassilyo" Ignacio]]<br />
*[[FlipTop Battle League#Noted battle emcees|Bryan "Smugglaz" Lao]]<br />
*[[FlipTop Battle League#Noted battle emcees|Thomas "Mhot" Lynmuel]]<br />
*[[FlipTop Battle League#Noted battle emcees|Pedro "Zaito" Canon Jr.]]<br />
*[[FlipTop Battle League#Noted battle emcees|Roy "Shernan" Gaite]]<br />
*Marky "Bos×1ne" Maglasang<br />
*Sancho delas Alas as Andrew's men<br />
*Anghel Marcial as Andrew's men<br />
*Wilmar Peñaflorida as Andrew's men<br />
*Benzon Dalina as Andrew's men<br />
*Jelson Bay<br />
*[[Glydel Mercado]] as Rowena delos Reyes (Jack's mother)<br />
*[[Tonton Gutierrez]] as Police Major (P/MAJ) Reynaldo Halimuyac<br />
*[[Allan Paule]] as Bebong and Bebang's father<br />
*[[Pauleen Luna]] as herself<br />
*[[Allan K.]] as himself<br />
*[[Luane Dy]] as herself<br />
*[[Jerald Napoles]] as Police Lieutenant (P/LT) James Reidentor Magpayo<br />
*[[Pekto]] as Police Corporal (PCpl) Piolo Pasakal<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
===Announcement===<br />
On June 13, 2018, [[Coco Martin]] confirmed that he will star in an action movie alongside [[Vic Sotto]]. Martin has stated that it was his dream to work with Vic Sotto since he is a fan of the Sotto trio, consisting of Tito, Vic & Joey. The [[2018 Metro Manila Film Festival]] announced that ''Jack Em Popoy: The Puliscredibles'' will be one of the four accepted script entries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vic and Coco to star in movie meant for MMFF |url=https://entertainment.mb.com.ph/2018/06/13/vic-and-coco-to-star-in-movie-meant-for-mmff/ |accessdate=October 26, 2018 |agency=[[Manila Bulletin]] |publisher=Manila Bulletin Entertainment |date=June 23, 2018 |archive-date=August 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814040224/https://entertainment.mb.com.ph/2018/06/13/vic-and-coco-to-star-in-movie-meant-for-mmff/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
On June 29, Maine Mendoza joined the cast as the daughter of Vic Sotto’s character. Ryzza Mae Dizon, Baeby Baste, Jose Manalo, Wally Bayola, Ryza Cenon, Arjo Atayde, Cherry Pie Picache, Tirso Cruz III and Ronaldo Valdez were also confirmed to be part of the movie.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Abanilla |first1=Clarizel |title=Maine Mendoza joins Vic Sotto, Coco Martin in MMFF entry |url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/281428/maine-mendoza-joins-vic-sotto-coco-martin-mmff-entry-yayadub-maine-mendoza-vic-sotto-coco-martin-mmff |accessdate=October 26, 2018 |agency=Philippine Entertainment Inquirer |publisher=Entertainment Correspondent |date=June 30, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rodriguez |first1=Bea |title=Vic Sotto at ang cast ng 'Jack Em Popoy: The Puliscredibles' |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/showbiznews/news/9521/in-photos-vic-sotto-at-ang-cast-ng-jack-em-popoy-da-puliscredibles/photo/114839/cast |accessdate=October 26, 2018 |agency=[[GMA Network]] |publisher=Showbiz News |date=July 29, 2018}}</ref> According to Vic Sotto, this will be Maine Mendoza’s first role in the action genre, while there are challenges she had to tackle with.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Policarpio |first1=Allan |title=Challenging role for Maine in Vic-Coco film |url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/285767/challenging-role-maine-vic-coco-film |website=Entertainment Inquirer |publisher=Philippine Entertainment Portal |accessdate=October 26, 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
On July 16, Coco Martin was initially attached to direct the movie, but due to directorial conflicts with the acclaimed television series ''[[Ang Probinsyano|FPJ's Ang Probinsyano]]'', who also had Martin as one of the directors, he drops out and decides to be the producer instead, with [[Mike Tuviera]] signing on as the new director considering his successful track record. Despite this, Martin freely admitted that he will still handle the creative aspects of the movie.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gonzales |first1=Joseph Peter |title=Coco not directing his new film with Vic |url=http://manilastandard.net/showbitz/columns0/shticks/270606/coco-not-directing-his-new-film-with-vic.html |accessdate=October 26, 2018 |publisher=Manila Standard |date=July 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Samio |first1=Veronica R. |title=Coco atras na sa pagdidirek ng pelikula |url=https://www.philstar.com/pilipino-star-ngayon/showbiz/2018/07/20/1835134/coco-atras-na-sa-pagdidirek-ng-pelikula |accessdate=October 26, 2018 |agency=[[Philippine Star]] |publisher=[[Pilipino Star Ngayon]] |date=July 20, 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Release==<br />
The movie was released on December 25, 2018, by Axinite Digicinema Inc. in the Philippines, and produced by [[APT Entertainment]], CCM Productions and [[M-Zet Productions]]. It is one of the eight entries selected for the [[2018 Metro Manila Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bonoan |first1=Reggee |title=2018 MMFF magic 8 kumpleto na; pelikula nina Alex at Toni pasok |url=https://bandera.inquirer.net/198287/2018-mmff-magic-8-kumpleto-na-pelikula-nina-alex-toni-pasok |accessdate=October 26, 2018 |agency=[[Inquirer Bandera]] |date=October 11, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Maine Mendoza, Vic Sotto, Coco Martin are cops on a mission for 2018 MMFF entry |url=https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/news/214490-maine-mendoza-vic-sotto-coco-martin-popoy-en-jack-the-pulisincredibles-trailer-2018-mmff |accessdate=October 26, 2018 |agency=[[Rappler]] |publisher=Rappler.com |date=October 17, 2018}}</ref> Coco Martin will have a fifty percent share as a producer in terms of box office sales and revenue.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coco 50% ang share sa MMFF entry |url=https://www.philstar.com/pilipino-star-ngayon/showbiz/2018/07/23/1836038/coco-50-ang-share-sa-mmff-entry |accessdate=October 26, 2018 |publisher=[[Pilipino Star Ngayon]] |date=July 23, 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Critical reception==<br />
Francis Joseph Cruz of [[Rappler]] bemoaned the film's plot, recycled gags and lack of innovation, stating: "One of its bigger problems is that it never endeavored to expand its kind of fun. For all the film's crisscrossing between comedy and action, it never felt anything more than just a generic hodgepodge." He also expressed concern about ''Jack Em Popoy'''s [[Aestheticization of violence|violent content]], taking umbrage at what he saw as "a bigger issue here than just the gross lack of creative ambition." especially with young children as its [[Age appropriateness|intended audience]].<ref name="Cruz">{{cite news |last1=Cruz |first1=Oggs |title='Jack Em Popoy: The Puliscredibles' review: Complacency kills the fun |url=https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/movies/219808-jack-em-popoy-the-puliscredibles-review |work=[[Rappler]] |date=December 28, 2018 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Michelle Anne P. Soliman of ''BusinessWorld'' was somewhat less critical, stating "I sat in theater dreading the probable shallowness of the storyline. But it turned out to be more bearable than I expected. Simply put, the story presented issues on loss, abandonment, and criminality starring main actors from ''Eat Bulaga!''{{'s}} "[[Kalyeserye]]" (excluding [[Alden Richards]]) and the lead actor of ''Ang Probinsyano''." She also praised Mendoza and Martin's acting and noted the stark absence of [[product placement]] which was common in Vic Sotto productions, but felt that the ''Eat Bulaga'' segment was unnecessary, speculating that it was merely to give [[Pauleen Luna]] a cameo appearance.<ref name="Soliman">{{cite news |last1=Soliman |first1=Michelle Anne |title=When Eat Bulaga! meets Ang Probinsyano {{!}} BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/when-eat-bulaga-meets-ang-probinsyano/ |work=BusinessWorld |date=December 28, 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
*The characters of Nanding, Otep and Binoy played by Jose Manalo, Wally Bayola and Paolo Ballesteros are personifications of [[Fernando Poe, Jr.]], [[Joseph Estrada]] and [[Robin Padilla]].<br />
*Some of the casts became part of Coco Martin's series Ang Probinsyano.<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{|| width="90%" class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"| Year !! width="30%"| Award-Giving Body !! width="25%"| Category !! width="25%"| Recipient !! width="10%"| Result<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=6| 2018<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=6| [[2018 Metro Manila Film Festival|Metro Manila Film Festival]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000431/2018/1?ref_=ttawd_ev_1|title=Metro Manila Film Festival (2018)|website=[[IMDb|IMDb.com]]|accessdate=November 16, 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Fernando Poe Jr. Memorial Award for Excellence]] || ''Jack Em Popoy''|| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]] ||''Tara Illenberger'' and ''Renewin Alano'' || {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Float|Best Float]] ||''Jack Em Popoy''|| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] ||''Jack Em Popoy''|| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=4| 2019<br />
| rowspan=4| [[35th PMPC Star Awards for Movies|PMPC Star Awards for Movies]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000624/2019/1?ref_=ttawd_ev_2|title=Star Awards for Movies (2019)|website=[[IMDb|IMDb.com]]|accessdate=November 16, 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Movie Love Team of the Year ||''[[Coco Martin]]'' and ''[[Maine Mendoza]]''||{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Movie Actor of the Year ||''Coco Martin''||{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Movie Actor of the Year ||''[[Vic Sotto]]''||{{nom}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb title|tt9139664}}<br />
<br />
{{Mike Tuviera}}<br />
{{MMFF}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2018 films]]<br />
[[Category:Philippine action comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:2010s police comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Philippine police films]]<br />
[[Category:2018 action comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Mike Tuviera]]<br />
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Philippine National Police]]<br />
[[Category:Philippine National Police]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diocese_of_Sivagangai&diff=497297Diocese of Sivagangai2025-09-09T12:27:34Z<p>JerryGuerrero: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Latin Catholic diocese in Tamil Nadu, India}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=April 2020}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox diocese<br />
| jurisdiction = Diocese<br />
| name = Sivagangai<br />
| latin = Dioecesis Sivagangaiensis<br />
| local = {{lang|hi|சிவகங்கை மறைமாவட்டம்}}<br />
| archbishopric = <br />
| bishopric = <br />
| image = Alangara Annai Cathedral 1.jpg<br />
| caption = Alangara Annai Cathedral, Sivagangai<br />
| coat = <!-- Coat of arms file name (excluding File: prefix) --><br />
| coat_size = <br />
| coat_alt = <br />
| coat_caption =<br />
| flag = <!-- Flag file name (excluding File: prefix) --><br />
| flag_size = <br />
| flag_alt = <br />
| incumbent = <br />
| incumbent_note = <br />
| style = <br />
<!---- Locations ----><br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| territory = [[Ramanathapuram]] and [[Sivagangai]]<br />
| province = <!-- Ecclesiastical province --><br />
| metropolitan = [[Archdiocese of Madurai]]<br />
| subdivisions = <br />
| headquarters = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|9.8468|N|78.4792|E|source:wikidata|display=inline,title}}<br />
<!---- Statistics ----><br />
| area_km2 = 8,353<br />
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Diocese of Sivagangai, India |url=https://gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/siva0.htm?tab=stat |website=GCatholic |access-date=30 April 2024}}</ref><br />
| population = 3,123,623<br />
| population_as_of = 2021<br />
| catholics = 182,150<br />
| catholics_percent = 5.8<br />
| parishes = 82<br />
| churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --><br />
| congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --><br />
| schools = 160<br />
| members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --><br />
<!---- Information ----><br />
| first_incumbent = <br />
| date = {{start date|1987|07|03|df=y}}<br />
|denomination = [[Catholic Church]]<br />
|sui_iuris_church = [[Latin Church]]<br />
|rite = [[Roman Rite]]<br />
| established = <br />
| dissolved = <br />
| archdiocese = <br />
| diocese = <br />
| cathedral = Alangara Annai Cathedral<br />
| cocathedral = [[Basilica of St. John de Britto]]<br />
| patron = [[John de Brito]]<br />
| patron_title = Saint<br />
| priests = 177<br />
<!---- Current leadership ----><br />
| parent_church = <br />
| governance =<br />
| pope = {{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change --><br />
| patriarch = <br />
| major_archbishop = <!-- Eastern Catholic Churches only --><br />
| bishop = [[The Most Reverend]] Lourdu Anandam<br />
| bishop_title = Bishop <br />
| metro_archbishop = [[Anthony Pappusamy]]<br />
| dean = <br />
| archdeacons = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of first collation); use |archdeacon= for one--><br />
| emeritus_bishops = {{ubl|Rev Dr Edward Francis (1987-2005)|[[Jebalamai Susaimanickam]] (2005-2020)}}<br />
<!---- Website ----><br />
| website = <!-- {{URL|http://www.example.com}} --><br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''[[Diocese]] of [[Sivagangai]]''' is located at the southeast corner of Bay of Bengal, 45&nbsp;km east of Madurai city, in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
[[File:Alangara Annai Church Interior .jpg|thumb|left|upright|''Alangara Annai Cathedral'']] <br />
It was established on July 25, 1987, bifurcated from the [[Archdiocese of Madurai]]. The Most Rev. S. Edward Francis was the First Bishop of the new Diocese and Bp. Jebamalai Susaimanickam succeeded him as the second bishop. On September 21, 2023, The Most Rev. Dr. Lourdu Anandam was announced as the third bishop of the diocese, and his episcopal consecration took place on November 26, 2023.<br />
<br />
The territory of the diocese includes two civil districts Ramanathapuram and Sivagangai. {{as of|2021}}, the total population of the area is 2,502,340 of which the Catholic population is 182,150 (5.8%) and still growing. 20 years after the diocese has 62 parish centers, 734 mission stations about 107 diocesan clergy, 19 religious order priests and over 350 religious men and women serving at various religious and educational institutions in the diocesan region.<br />
<br />
==Saints and causes for canonisation==<br />
* St. [[John de Britto]] (1693), the patron saint of the diocese, entered the region as a [[Jesuit]] missionary from Europe and became the bedrock of faith for thousands of people. He was beheaded at [[Oriyur]] on Feb 4, 1693 by a regional king for preaching about Jesus Christ and establishing churches.<ref>{{cite web |title=Oriyur - John de britto shrine - Arulanandar Church Oriyur |url=https://www.johndebrittoshrine.com/ |accessdate=26 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref><br />
* Servant of God Fr. Louis Marie Leveil, SJ<ref name="CCBI">{{Cite web|url=http://ccbi.in/saints-blessed/|title=Saints & Blessed – CCBI|accessdate=Oct 17, 2019}}</ref><br />
* Servant of God Fr. Antonio Pietro Criminali<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Papaluca, SJ |first=Michele |title=«Pacificar y poner en concordia». Un modello di riconciliazione nella primitiva Compagnia di Gesù (1539-1575) |date=January 2017 |degree=Licenciatura en Teología Espiritual |url=https://repositorio.comillas.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11531/16110/DEA000152.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Other Pre-19th Cent. Causes |url=http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/other_causes.htm |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=newsaints.faithweb.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Bishops==<br />
{{Infobox Christian leader<br />
| type = bishop<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[The Most Reverend]] [[Doctor of Theology|Dr.]]<br />
| name = Lourdu Anandam<br />
| title = Bishop of Sivagangai<br />
| image = The Most Rev. Dr. Lourdu Anandam.jpg<br />
| caption = The Most Rev. Dr. Lourdu Anandam, Bishop of Sivagangai<br />
| metropolis = [[Archdiocese of Madurai]]<br />
| diocese = Diocese of Sivagangai<br />
| term_start = {{start date|2023|09|21}}<br />
| term_end = <br />
| predecessor = Jebalamai Susaimanickam<br />
<!---------- Orders ----------><br />
| ordination = {{start date|1986|04|06}}<br />
| consecration = {{start date|2023|09|21}} <br />
<!---------- Personal details ----------><br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1958|08|15}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Thiruvarangam]], [[India]]<br />
| death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) --><br />
| death_place = <!-- as birth_place --><br />
| buried = <br />
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[University of Freiburg]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
First bishop was [[Edward Francis (bishop)|Edward Francis]] who served from 3 Jul 1987 until his retirement on 1 Sep 2005. He was succeeded by Rev Dr Jebamalai Susaimanickam, who served from 1 Sep 2005 until 25 Sep 2020 when he retired. The Most Rev. Dr. Lourdu Anandam is the third and current Bishop, having begun is term in 2023.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* http://www.tamilchristianweb.com<br />
* http://www.unnaithedi.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081109090835/http://www.unnaithedi.com/ |date=9 November 2008 }}<br />
* http://www.loveandcaremission.org/<br />
* http://www.manavai.com<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India|Sivagangai]]<br />
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1987]]<br />
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century]]<br />
[[Category:Christianity in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-RC-diocese-stub}}</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narcopolis_(novel)&diff=520563Narcopolis (novel)2025-06-24T06:07:45Z<p>JerryGuerrero: New</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|2012 novel by Jeet Thayil}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox book<br />
<!-- |italic title = (see above) --><br />
| name = Narcopolis<br />
| image = Narcopolis.jpg<br />
| alt = Cover of ''Narcopolis'' by Jeet Thayil<br />
| caption = <br />
| author = [[Jeet Thayil]]<br />
| illustrator = <br />
| cover_artist = <br />
| country = <br />
| language = English<br />
| subject = <br />
| genre = <br />
| publisher = [[Penguin Books]]<br />
| pub_date = 26 September 2012<br />
| media_type = <br />
| pages = 304 pages<br />
| isbn = 0143123033<br />
| oclc = <br />
| dewey = <br />
| congress = <br />
}}<br />
'''''Narcopolis''''' is the [[debut novel]] of Indian author [[Jeet Thayil]], which was shortlisted for the [[2012 Man Booker Prize]]. It is set in 1970s [[Old Bombay]] and concerns [[opium]] and its influence. The novel's narrator arrives in Bombay, where he becomes seduced into the opium underground. The story expands to encompass such characters as Dimple, a [[Hijra (South Asia)|''hijra'']], Rashid, the opium house's owner, and Mr Lee, a former Chinese officer, all of whom have stories to tell.<br />
<br />
==Autobiography element==<br />
The novel draws on his own experiences as a drug addict, and what he calls "the lost 20 years of my life".<ref name="Potter">{{cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/351539/Booker-looks-too-tight-to-call|title=Booker looks too tight to call|last=Potter|first=Emma Lee|date=12 October 2012|work=[[Daily Express]]|accessdate=15 October 2012}}</ref> it took him five years to write the novel, and he called it "the opposite of catharsis. Catharsis gets stuff out of you. But this put bad feelings into me."<ref name="Jaiman">{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/jeet-thayil-booker-nomination-narcopolis-idINDEE89A06M20121011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305205904/http://in.reuters.com/article/jeet-thayil-booker-nomination-narcopolis-idINDEE89A06M20121011|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 March 2016|title=Book Talk: Booker nominee Thayil offers bleak Bombay portrait|last=Jaiman|first=Anuja|date=11 October 2012|work=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=15 October 2012}}</ref> Thayil decided to call the book ''Narcopolis'' "because Bombay seemed to me a city of intoxication, where the substances on offer were drugs and alcohol, of course, but also god, glamour, power, money and sex".<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', "Narcopolis is a blistering debut that can indeed stand proudly on the shelf next to [[William S. Burroughs|Burroughs]] and [[Thomas De Quincey|De Quincey]]."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/feb/17/narcopolis-jeet-thayil-review|title=Narcopolis by Jeet Thayil - review|last=Rushby|first=Kevin|date=2012-02-17|work=The Guardian|access-date=2018-12-05|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2012 Indian novels]]<br />
[[Category:English-language novels]]<br />
[[Category:Novels set in the 1970s]]<br />
[[Category:Novels set in Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:2012 debut novels]]<br />
[[Category:Works about opium]]<br />
[[Category:Penguin Books India books]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lakdi_ka_pul&diff=465366Lakdi ka pul2025-03-06T14:14:20Z<p>JerryGuerrero: fixed issues</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2017}}<br />
{{single source|date=March 2024}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Lakdi ka pul<br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = [[Neighbourhood]]<br />
| image_skyline = Rail station, LakdiKaPul.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = Rail Station, Lakdi Ka Pul<br />
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India<br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|17|24|10|N|78|28|1|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = Metro<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = [[GHMC]]<br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = <br />
| population_as_of = <br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 500 004<br />
| registration_plate =TG <br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]<br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Malakpet]]<br />
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency<br />
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[GHMC]]<br />
| website = {{URL|telangana.gov.in}} <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lakdi ka pul''' (lit: "the wooden bridge") is a neighbourhood in [[Hyderabad]], [[India]].<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The area got its name from a bridge that was built over the railway line between [[Secunderabad Junction railway station|Secunderabad]] and [[Hyderabad Deccan railway station|Nampally]]. The {{convert|27|ft|m}} long bridge was built in the 1940s and was partially made of wood. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Khalidi|first=Omar|url=https://libraries.mit.edu/img/libs/rotch/HyderabadGuide_2009.pdf|title=A Guide to Architecture in Hyderabad, Deccan, India|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=34|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313131458/https://libraries.mit.edu/img/libs/rotch/HyderabadGuide_2009.pdf|archive-date=2020-03-13}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Transport==<br />
Lakdikapul is well connected by road to other parts of the city. [[TSRTC]] runs its buses through the area.<br />
<br />
The [[Lakdi-ka-pul railway station|Lakdikapul]] railway station on the [[Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System|MMTS]] is located nearby. It is also served by the [[Lakdi-ka-pul metro station]] on the [[Red Line (Hyderabad Metro)|Red Line]] of the [[Hyderabad Metro]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
{{Neighborhoods of Hyderabad|state=collapsed}}<br />
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, India]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jayachamarajendra_Circle&diff=505917Jayachamarajendra Circle2025-01-07T06:00:53Z<p>JerryGuerrero: Created first article w/ sources.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Cleanup|reason=Title misspelled, should be Hardings (Needs evidence of how should be spelled)|date=March 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}<br />
{{coord|12.307065|N|76.660200|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}<br />
[[File:Selfie Spot at Arugatu junction Mysore.jpg|thumb|Selfie Spot]]<br />
[[File:Arugate garden Mysore.jpg|thumb|Hardings Circle garden]]<br />
<br />
'''Jayachamarajendra Circle''' or '''Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar Circle''', formerly known as '''Harding Circle''' or '''Arugatu''' is an [[Intersection (road)|intersection]] of six major roads in [[Mysore]], Karnataka state, India.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The circle was originally called Hardinge Circle (named after Lord Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst who served as Viceroy and Governor-General of India from 1910 to 1916. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/mysore/royal-and-heritage-circles/ps51223443.cms#:~:text=Hardinge%20Circle%20was%20built%20to,and%20piers%20decorated%20with%20flowers.). The locals preferred to call it Aru Gate because six streets converged in the circle leading to six main roads of the city.<br />
<br />
The western road leading to the [[Mysore Palace]] and city bus station is called the Albert Victor Road. The two northern roads are called Bangalore Nilgiri Road as they are both one-way-twins leading to [[Bangalore]]. The southern road is called Nilgiri Road which goes to [[Ooty]]. The eastern road is called Mirza Road and it goes to Postal Training Center in [[Nazarabad|Nazrabad]]. The southeastern road is called Lokarjan Mahal road and it goes to the [[Mysore Zoo]] and [[Karanji Lake]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.google.com/maps/@12.3035218,76.6676565,16z| title = Google Maps}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Statue==<br />
In 2016, a lifesize statue of Sri [[Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar]]<nowiki/>was erected at this intersection. <br />
The statue was made in [[Indo-Saracenic architecture]]. The cost of construction was Rs. 5 crores. it is the third largest statue in Mysore.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/a-tribute-to-mysores-last-maharaja/article6779800.ece | title=A tribute to Mysore's last Maharaja | newspaper=The Hindu | date=11 January 2015 | last1=Bennur | first1=Shankar }}</ref><br />
<br />
The statue was unveiled by the chief minister of Karnataka in July 2016.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/558338/jayachamarajendra-wadiyars-statue-see-light.html | title=Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar's statue to see light of day, finally | date=16 July 2016 }}</ref><ref>http://karnatakavarthe.org/en/cm-unveiled-the-statue-of-sri-maharaja-jayachamarajendra-wadiyar-and-dedicated-newly-developed-hardinge-circle-in-mysuru/ {{Dead link|date=January 2022}}</ref><br />
The 28-ton statue was made by a Mysorean sculptor [[Arun Yogiraj]] shilpi.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/170716/famed-mysuru-gets-another-royal-era-statue.html| title = Famed Mysuru gets another royal era statue| date = 17 July 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Image gallery==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Clock tower, Mysore.jpg|The Clock Tower<br />
File:Freemason Hall, Mysore.jpg|Freemason Hall<br />
File:Arugatu.Mansoor Dargah.jpg|Mansoor Dargah<br />
File:Parklane.Harsha Street.jpg|Harsha Street<br />
File:Kuppanna park.Arugatu.jpg|Kuppanna Park<br />
File:Gandhi Square Mysore 03.jpg|Gandhi Market<br />
File:Suburban Bus Station.jpg|Suburban Bus Station<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Suburbs of Mysore]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Mysore-geo-stub}}</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sneha_(TV_series)&diff=536417Sneha (TV series)2024-12-17T16:07:29Z<p>JerryGuerrero: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Telugu television serial}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| image = Sneha (TV series).jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| runtime = 18–24 minutes<br />
| genre = Investigative drama<br />
| creator = <br />
| creative_director = <br />
| producer = [[Ramoji Rao]]<br />
| director = [[Vamsy]]<ref name=":2"/><br />
| writer = Suman<ref name=":2"/><br />
| company = [[Usha Kiran Movies]]<br />
| cinematography = <br />
| editor = <br />
| starring = [[Kaveri (Tamil actress)|Kaveri]]<br />
| theme_music_composer = <br />
| opentheme = "Sneha... Sneha... Sneha..."<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
| network = [[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]]<br />
| released = {{Start date|1995|08|29|df=y}}<br />
| num_episodes = {{Approx.|200}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Sneha''''' is an Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu-language]] television series that premiered on [[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]] on 29 August 1995.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Shanti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abPsWgqrmMMC&pg=PA10 |title=Gandhi Meets Primetime: Globalization and Nationalism in Indian Television |publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-252-09166-7 |pages=10 |language=en}}</ref> Directed by [[Vamsy]] and written by Suman, the series was produced by [[Ramoji Rao]] under the [[Usha Kiran Movies]] banner.<ref name=":2">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxjKnbF83sE |title=Sneha Serial Title Song |date= |publisher=[[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]] Saragalu |access-date= |via=YouTube}}</ref> Starring [[Kaveri (Tamil actress)|Kaveri]] in the title role, the show is an investigative drama featuring a strong and intelligent female protagonist.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=3 August 2021 |title=TV Actresses: ఈ సీరియల్ నటులు మీకు గుర్తున్నారా.. ఇప్పుడు ఏం చేస్తున్నారో తెలుసా? |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/vintage-tv-serial-actress-present-personal-life-full-details-are-here-nr-980648.html |access-date=24 November 2024 |website=[[News18]] |language=te}}</ref><br />
<br />
One of the first programs to air on ETV after its launch,<ref name=":6" /> ''Sneha'' originally broadcast on Tuesdays at 8:00 PM before moving to different time slots. The series consisted of approximately 200 episodes, with the initial 120 focusing on standalone investigative stories. The final 80 episodes shifted to mystery-based themes under the ''Atma Kathalu'' story arc, which aired concurrently with the popular series ''[[Marmadesam]]'' on [[Gemini TV]].<br />
<br />
== Premise ==<br />
The story follows Sneha, an independent and resourceful woman who navigates the complexities of balancing professional responsibilities with family challenges. Her struggles and problem-solving abilities highlight her determination and resilience, making her a symbol of empowerment in her neighbourhood.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
* [[Kaveri (Tamil actress)|Kaveri]] as Sneha<br />
* [[Gundu Hanumantha Rao|Gundu Hanmantha Rao]]<ref name=":2" /><br />
* [[Sakshi Ranga Rao]]<ref name=":2" /><br />
* [[Rallapalli (actor)|Rallapalli]]<br />
* [[Kallu Chidambaram]]<br />
* Raghu Babu<br />
* Edida Sriram<ref name=":2" /><br />
* [[Raavi Kondala Rao]]<br />
* [[Subbaraya Sarma]]<br />
* [[Suthi Velu]]<br />
* [[Chinna (actor)|Chinna]]<br />
* [[Uttej]]<br />
* [[Ramjagan]]<br />
* [[Devadas Kanakala]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
''Sneha'' was produced by [[Ramoji Rao]] under the [[Usha Kiran Movies]] banner,<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":02" /> with the script penned by his son, Suman.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 September 2012 |title=Ramoji Rao's son Suman dies of cancer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ramoji-raos-son-suman-dies-of-cancer/articleshow/16292400.cms |access-date=24 November 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2012 |title=Ramoji Rao's son Suman passes away |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/ramoji-raos-son-suman-passes-2359000 |access-date=23 November 2024 |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> Renowned filmmaker [[Vamsy]] initially directed the series,<ref name=":2" /> but after his departure, other directors took over the project.<ref name=":4">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3XVcQixVe0 |title=Sneha ETV Old Serial |date=2024-02-14 |publisher=Teluguflame |access-date=2024-12-01 |via=YouTube}}</ref> The series was among the first to air on ETV following the channel's launch in August 1995.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Nadadhur |first=Srivathsan |date=9 June 2024 |title=A visionary legacy: How Ramoji Rao shaped the Telugu media landscape |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/a-visionary-legacy-how-ramoji-rao-shaped-the-telugu-media-landscape/ |access-date=23 November 2024 |website=The South First |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6" /><br />
<br />
== Themes ==<br />
The serial highlighted societal issues such as the importance of financial prudence, humanity, and [[gender equality]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Telugu TV Serial Sneha |url=https://nettv4u.com/about/telugu/tv-serials/sneha |access-date=23 November 2024 |website=Nettv4u |language=en}}</ref> Its focus on a strong, intelligent female protagonist was considered pioneering in Telugu television and contributed to discussions about [[women's empowerment]] in popular media.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Krishna Kowshik |date=5 December 2023 |title=స్నేహ, మెట్టెల సవ్వడి సీరియల్ నటి కావేరి ఇలా అయిపోయిందేంటీ..? |trans-title=''Sneha'' and ''Mettela Savvadi'' serial actress Kaveri—why did she become like this? |url=https://idreampost.com/telugu-news/movies/sneha-mettela-savvadi-serial-actress-kaveri-is-now-157174.html |access-date=23 November 2024 |website=iDreamPost |language=te}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Music ==<br />
The title song, "Sneha... Sneha... Sneha... Chikku Mudulenno Chakkaga Vippe Okanoka Vanitha," written by Suman, gained popularity among viewers for its composition.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
''Sneha'' premiered on 29 August 1995<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /> and aired approximately 200 episodes. Initially broadcast on Tuesdays at 8:00 PM, its time slot was later shifted to Tuesdays at 8:30 PM, and eventually to Mondays at 8:30 PM.<ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
The first 120 episodes explored diverse topics such as [[Palm-leaf manuscript|palm-leaf manuscripts]], [[Gotra|gotras]] of prominent individuals, felicitation ceremonies, [[Ghostwriter|ghostwriters]], beauty parlours, and fraudulent film producers. The final 80 episodes centered on the ''Atma Kathalu'' story arc, which competed with the popular series ''[[Marmadesam]]'', airing concurrently on [[Gemini TV]].<ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
''Sneha'' received praise for its engaging narrative and innovative storytelling. Kaveri's performance as the lead character was particularly well-received.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The serial is remembered for its emphasis on equality and women's empowerment, securing its place as a significant show in early Telugu television history.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
The stories featured in the series were later compiled and published in book format, reflecting the show's popularity.<ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Vamsy}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Telugu-language television shows]]<br />
[[Category:ETV Telugu original programming]]<br />
[[Category:1995 Indian television series debuts]]<br />
[[Category:Indian mystery television series]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pudukkottai_Legislative_Council&diff=527084Pudukkottai Legislative Council2024-11-13T15:39:27Z<p>JerryGuerrero: starting entry</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}<br />
'''Pudukkottai Legislative Council''' was the [[legislative assembly]] which functioned in the [[Pudukkottai state|princely state of Pudukkottai]] from 1924 to 1948. Made up of 50 members, 15 of whom were nominated, the assembly discussed issues of importance to the state and passed resolutions on them. The legislative council was eventually disbanded in 1948 when the state was annexed to the [[Dominion of India]] and became a part of [[Tiruchirappalli district]].<br />
<br />
== Origin and history ==<br />
<br />
Until 1850, legislations made in Pudukkottai state were limited to royal proclamations and British Indian laws were not in use.<ref name="ayyarp402">[[#Ayyar 1938|Ayyar 1938]], p 402</ref> From 1850 onwards, British Indian laws were introduced in stages, with the Civil Procedure Code in 1859 and Indian Penal Code in 1868.<ref name="ayyarp402" /> Registration laws were enacted in 1876 and a police force was created the same year.<ref name="ayyarp402" /><br />
<br />
Until 1904, bills were drafted by the diwan and circulated to the assistant diwan, civil judge, appeal judge and heads of departments for their opinion.<ref name="ayyarp403">[[#Ayyar 1938|Ayyar 1938]], p 403</ref> Bills became law once the Raja gave his assent.<ref name="ayyarp403" /> In 1904, the function of drafting bills was delegated to a Law Committee. On the occasion of his Silver Jubilee in 1915, [[Martanda Bhairava Tondaiman]] inaugurated an advisory council composed of the State vakil, two members of the Representative Assembly and two members nominated by the raja.<ref name="ayyarp403" /> The council was purely advisory in nature and did not have any say in other matters.<ref name="ayyarp403" /><br />
<br />
The Pudukkottai Legislative Council owes its genesis to the state's first representative body - the Assembly of Nominated Representatives, which was inaugurated in 1902 by [[Dewan Bahadur|Diwan bahadur]] [[S. Venkataramadas Nayudu|Siram Venkataramadas Nayudu]].<ref name="ayyarp403" /> Made up of 30 members nominated by various departments of the state administration, the assembly discussed the various laws and measures enacted in the previous year and drew up plans for the following one.<ref name="ayyarp403" /> Each member had a term of one year but this was later increased to three.<ref name="ayyarp403" /> In 1907, elections were introduced for 18 of the 30 seats in the assembly.<ref name="ayyarp403" /> This was reduced to 13 in 1913 but increased to 25 in 1916 as a gift by the Raja of Pudukkottai to his subjects.<ref name="ayyarp403" /><br />
<br />
The Pudukkottai Legislative Council was formed in 1924 and its first session was inaugurated on 29 September 1924 by the Diwan [[Raghunatha Pallavarayar]] in the presence of the British Agent for the [[Madras States Agency]], [[C. W. E. Cotton]].<ref name="ayyarp404">[[#Ayyar 1938|Ayyar 1938]], p 404</ref> The council assumed the functions of the Representative Assembly as well as the advisory council.<ref name="ayyarp404" /> It had a total of 50 members of whom 35 were elected and the rest, nominated by the raja.<ref name="ayyarp404" /> One reserved seat each for women and Dalits were introduced in 1927.<ref name="ayyarp404" /><br />
<br />
== President ==<br />
<br />
The sessions of the legislative council were presided over by the diwan or administrator and in his absence, by the assistant diwan. In the absence of both, the sessions were presided over by a deputy president nominated by the diwan.<br />
<br />
== Constituencies ==<br />
<br />
According to the Pudukkottai Legislative Council Resolution IV of 1924, the "Pudukkottai Legislative Council shall consist of not less than forty and not more than sixty members of whom seventy percent shall be elected and the rest, nominated."<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" align="center"<br />
! style="background-color:#99ccff"| Constituency<br />
! style="background-color:#99ccff"| Type<br />
! style="background-color:#99ccff"| Number of seats<br />
|-<br />
| Pudukkottai Town<br />
| General<br />
| 4<br />
|-<br />
| Pudukkottai Division<br />
| General<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| Vallanadu Division<br />
| General<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| Alangudi Division<br />
| General<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| Varappur Division<br />
| General<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| Karambakkudi Division<br />
| General<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| Ponnamaravathi Division<br />
| General<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| Karaiyur Division<br />
| General<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| Thirumayam Division<br />
| General<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| Kilanilai Division<br />
| General<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| Sengirai Division<br />
| General<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| Nirpalani Division<br />
| General<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| Kiranur Division<br />
| General<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| Kudumiyanmalai Division<br />
| General<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| Kunnandarkoil Division<br />
| General<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| Muhammadan Constituency<br />
| Reserved<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| Christian Constituency<br />
| Reserved<br />
| 1<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Electorate ==<br />
<br />
To vote in the elections to the Pudukkottai Legislative Council, a person should be not less than 21 years of age and of sound mind and not a convicted offender under Section IX A of the Indian Penal Code. Those accused of electoral misconduct are automatically barred from voting in the elections for the next five years. The voter should be a subject of the state and should have spent at least 100 days in the preceding year in the state. The person was also required to satisfy the following income criteria:<br />
<br />
* Landholders and beneficiaries of ''inam'' lands should pay at least Rs. 3 per annum as property tax.<br />
* House-owners should pay at least Rs. 2 per annum as house tax.<br />
* Those employed in non-agricultural professions should receive a salary of more than Rs. 250 per month.<br />
* State pensioners should receive a pension of more than Rs. 25 per month<br />
<br />
The subject should be a graduate of any Indian or British university.<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
* {{cite book|title=A Manual of the Pudukkottai State|volume=1|first=K. R. Venkatarama|last=Ayyar|year=1938|publisher=Sri Brihadambal State Press|ref=Ayyar 1938}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Pudukkottai state]]<br />
[[Category:Legislatures in Indian princely states]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=St._Mary%27s_Orthodox_Cathedral,_Pazhanji&diff=537423St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Pazhanji2024-10-20T19:10:04Z<p>JerryGuerrero: New</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Oriental Orthodox Cathedral in Kerala}}<br />
{{Infobox religious building<br />
|building_name = St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Pazhanji<br />
|image = Pazhanji old church 20 September 2022.jpg <br />
|caption = Old church building<br />
|image_size = <br />
|location = [[Pazhanji]], [[Kunnamkulam]], [[India]]<br />
|coordinates = <br />
|religious_affiliation = [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]] <br />
|province = [[Kerala]]<br />
|district = [[Thrissur]]<br />
|consecration_year = <br />
|status = Cathedral<br />
|website = https://www.pazhanjicathedral.com/<br />
|architecture_type = [[Church (building)|Church]]<br />
|architecture_style = [[Architecture of Kerala|Kerala Architecture]]<br />
|founded_by=<br />
|facade_direction = <br />
}}<br />
'''Pazhanji Church''', officially known as '''St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Pazhanji''' or '''Pazhanji Cathedral''', is a [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]] situated at [[Pazhanji]] near [[Kunnamkulam]] in Thrissur District of Kerala, India. The Church is locally called " Pazhanji Palli " (In Malayalam : പഴഞ്ഞി പള്ളി ) "Palli" [similar to the Malayalam word for "Church"].<br />
<br />
Four [[frescoes]] which had long been hidden by whitewash, believed to be 250 years old, were discovered in 2018. They were being restored in 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/nation/current-affairs/160918/antique-paintings-in-church-being-retrieved.html |title=Antique paintings in church being retrieved |date=16 September 2018|publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/250-year-old-frescoes-at-church-getting-a-rebirth/article24988906.ece/amp/ |title=250-year-old frescoes at church getting a rebirth|date=19 September 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.onmanorama.com/travel/kerala/2018/03/26/pazhanji-mural-thrissur-church-cathedral.amp.html|title= Centuries-old mural discovered in Thrissur cathedral|date=26 March 2018|website=[[Onmanorama]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The church is said to have been constructed by believers who fled from Arthat and later settled and constructed the church{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}. It is how the name ''Pazhanji'' (Malayalam meaning ''Old boat'') came into being for the place. According to the church's website, the ancestors of today's members of the Pazhanji Church earlier belonged to the [[St. Mary's Cathedral, Arthat|Kunnamkulam Arthat Church]]. The first chapel founded in Pazhanji was situated in the northern side of the present church{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}, whereas the chapel founded in the southern side. Both chapels are dedicated to St. Mary. There is a cemetery near the church.<ref name="Pazhanji church website">{{cite web |last1=Pazhanji church website |title=Welcome to Pazhanji Cathedral |url=http://www.pazhanjicathedral.com/index.php |access-date=1 August 2018}}</ref> On 13 September 2015, the Pazhanji Cathedral was declared as the second cathedral of the Kunnamkulam diocese{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}, the first being [[St. Mary's Cathedral, Arthat]]. On 28 July 2022, seven metropolitans were concentrated in this church. There were 31 bishops as of 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-29 |title=Seven bishops consecrated in Malankara Orthodox Church |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/seven-bishops-consecrated-in-malankara-orthodox-church/articleshow/93197448.cms |access-date=2023-07-13 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Arthat]]<br />
* [[Pazhanji]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Malankara Orthodox Syrian cathedrals]]<br />
[[Category:Churches in Thrissur district]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Football_League_(Under-19)&diff=470872National Football League (Under-19)2024-05-04T06:38:40Z<p>JerryGuerrero: cleanup section based on references additionally and improved wording</p>
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<div>#redirect[[Kanyakumari district]]</div>JerryGuerrerohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economic_and_Statistical_Organisation_Punjab_(ESO)&diff=471477Economic and Statistical Organisation Punjab (ESO)2023-04-22T20:22:13Z<p>JerryGuerrero: corrected section and added references</p>
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