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Ruthvika Gadde

2026-05-08T15:12:22Z

JerilynSturgess: done

{{short description|Indian badminton player (born 1997)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=January 2025}}
{{tone|date=January 2025}}
{{COI|date=January 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox badminton player
| name = Ruthvika Gadde
| image = Gadde sr.jpg
| size =
| caption = Ruthvika in 2022
| full_name = Ruthvika Shivani Gadde
| nickname =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1997|3|26}}<ref>{{cite web|url= http://bwf.tournamentsoftware.com/profile/biography.aspx?id=EF757969-55B1-4CD7-90B9-E280BA65A9F7|title= Full Profile |publisher= bwf.tournamentsoftware.com|access-date= 13 October 2016 }}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Vijayawada]], Andhra Pradesh, India
| death_place =
| height = {{convert|1.73|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="Ruthvika Shivani Gadde for India">{{cite web|url= http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/badminton/saina-nehwal-pv-sindhu-ruthvika-shivani-gadde-india-3076021|title=Saina Nehwal, PV Sindhu…now Ruthvika Shivani Gadde for India|publisher= indianexpress.com|date= 11 October 2016|access-date= 11 October 2016 }}</ref>
| weight = 60 kg (132 lb)
| event = Women's singles & mixed doubles
| country = India
| years_active =
| handedness = Right
| coach = [[Pullela Gopichand]]<ref name=" Ruthvika Shivani Gadde for India"/>
| highest_ranking = 49 (WS, 1 December 2016) 29 (XD with [[Rohan Kapoor (badminton)|Rohan Kapoor]], 3 June 2025)<ref>{{cite web|title=Gadde Ruthvika Shivani|url=https://bwf.tournamentsoftware.com/player-profile/ef757969-55b1-4cd7-90b9-e280ba65a9f7/ranking|publisher=[[Badminton World Federation]]|access-date= 31 December 2024}}</ref>
| date_of_highest_ranking =
| current_ranking = 39
| date_of_current_ranking = XD with Rohan Kapoor, 5 May 2026
| played =
| titles =
| medal_templates =
{{MedalSport | Women's [[badminton]] }}
{{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Uber Cup]] }}
{{MedalBronze | [[2016 Thomas & Uber Cup|2016 Kunshan]] | Women's team }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Badminton at the Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] }}
{{MedalGold | [[Badminton at the 2018 Commonwealth Games|2018 Gold Coast]] | [[Badminton at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Mixed team|Mixed team]] }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Badminton at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]] }}
{{MedalGold | [[2016 South Asian Games|2016 Guwahati-Shillong]] | [[Badminton at the 2016 South Asian Games|Women's singles]] }}
{{MedalGold | [[2016 South Asian Games|2016 Guwahati-Shillong]] | [[Badminton at the 2016 South Asian Games|Women's team]] }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Badminton Asia Junior Championships|Asian Junior Championships]] }}
{{MedalBronze | [[2011 Asian Junior Badminton Championships|2011 Lucknow]] | Mixed team }}
| bwfbadminton_id = 69619
| bwf_id = EF757969-55B1-4CD7-90B9-E280BA65A9F7
}}

'''Ruthvika Shivani Gadde''' ({{langx|te|గద్దె రుత్విక శివాని}}; born 26 March 1997) is an Indian [[badminton]] player who plays mixed doubles.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://kammasworld.blogspot.in/2013/02/gadde-ruthvika-shivani-junior-national.html|title=Gadde Ruthvika Shivani: Junior National Badminton Champion |publisher= kammasworld.blogspot.in|date=21 February 2013|access-date= 22 June 2015 }}</ref> She trains at the [[Gopichand Badminton Academy]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://zeenews.india.com/tags/ruthvika-shivani-gadde.html|title=Gopichand Academy trainees Ruthvika, Vrushali emerge champions|work=zeenews.india.com|access-date= 23 June 2015 }}</ref>

==Early life==
Gadde, the daughter of G. Bhavani Prasad<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportstarlive.com/badminton/ruthvika-i-dream-of-an-olympic-medal/article9230742.ece|title=Ruthvika: 'I dream of an Olympic medal'|publisher=sportstarlive.com|date=17 October 2016|access-date=23 November 2016 }}</ref> and G. Prameela Rani,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportstaronnet.com/tss3608/stories/20130223504903800.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824071232/http://sportstaronnet.com/tss3608/stories/20130223504903800.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 August 2013|title=Shivani means business|work=sportstaronnet.com|date=23 February 2013|access-date=23 November 2016}}</ref> was born in a Telugu family on 26 March 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ruthvika Shivani Gadde live scores, results, fixtures {{!}} Flashscore.in / Badminton |url=https://www.flashscore.in/player/gadde-ruthvika-shivani/fX5QOhwl/ |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=www.flashscore.in |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Career ==
At the [[2016 South Asian Games]] held in [[Guwahati]] and [[Shillong]], she won two gold medals, in women's team and women's singles. She defeated [[P. V. Sindhu]] in straight games winning the women's singles title. She was a women's team member in India's national team at the 2016 [[Uber Cup]] and secured bronze medal in [[2016 Thomas & Uber Cup]] held in [[Kunshan]], China. In the quarter-finals she defeated Thailand's top player [[Nichaon Jindapol]] by 21-18, 21-16<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/saina-nehwal-pv-sindhu-badminton-thomas-and-uber-cup-indian-womens-team-into-semi-finals-assured-of-medal-2789498.html|title=Thomas and Uber Cup: Ruthvika Shivani seals team's spot in semis, medal assured for India|publisher=firstpost.com|date=19 May 2016|access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref> with that victory Indian women's team secured bronze medal in [[Uber Cup]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

In 2017, Shivani participated at V.V. Natu Memorial All India Senior Ranking and won women's singles in Pune in August, where she defeated Anura Prabhudesai.<ref>[https://bwfbadminton.com/player/76882/anura-prabhudesai Anura Prabhudesai]</ref> She also won a gold medal in the Mixed team event at the 73rd Inter State - Inter Zonal Senior National Badminton Mixed Team Championship in Nagpur.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

At the 82nd Senior National Badminton Championship,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Badminton_Championships | title=Indian National Badminton Championships }}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=February 2025}} Shivani lost to P. V. Sindhu, earning a bronze medal in Nagpur. She later competed in the [[India International Challenge|Tata Open India International Challenge]] in Mumbai, defeating Riya Mukherjee<ref>{{cite web | url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/76459/riya-mookerjee | title=Riya MOOKERJEE | Profile }}</ref> 21-12, 23-21 to claim another victory in women's singles.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

== Achievements ==
=== South Asian Games ===
''Women's singles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Venue
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#FFAAAA"
| align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2016 South Asian Games|2016]]
| align="left" | Multipurpose Hall SAI–SAG Centre, [[Shillong]], India
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[P. V. Sindhu]]
| align="left" | 21–11, 22–20
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 1.png|Gold]] '''Gold'''
|}

=== BWF Grand Prix (1 title) ===
The BWF Grand Prix had two levels, the [[BWF Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold|Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold]]. It was a series of badminton tournaments sanctioned by the [[Badminton World Federation]] (BWF) and played between 2007 and 2017.

''Women's singles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#D4F1C5"
| align="center" | [[2016 Russia Open Grand Prix#Finals 2|2016]]
| align="left" | [[Russian Open (badminton)|Russian Open]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Evgeniya Kosetskaya]]
| align="left" | 21–10, 21–13
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|}
: {{Color box|#FFFF67|border=darkgray}} [[BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix|BWF Grand Prix Gold]] tournament
: {{Color box|#D4F1C5|border=darkgray}} [[BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix|BWF Grand Prix]] tournament

=== BWF International Challenge/Series (5 titles, 4 runners-up) ===
''Women's singles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2014
| align="left" | [[Tata Open India International Challenge|Tata Open India International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arundhati Pantawane]]
| align="left" | 19–21, 21–18, 21–14
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2015
| align="left" | [[Bangladesh International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|US}} [[Iris Wang]]
| align="left" | 23–21, 19–21, 21–18
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- style="background:#D5D5D5"
| align="center" | 2016
| align="left" | India International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rituparna Das]]
| align="left" | 7–11, 11–8, 7–11, 12–14
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2017
| align="left" | Tata Open India International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Riya Mookerjee]]
| align="left" | 21–12, 23–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2022 (I)
| align="left" | India International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Miho Kayama]]
| align="left" | 11–21, 11–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2022 (III)
| align="left" | India International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanya Hemanth]]
| align="left" | 19–21, 21–17, 19–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|}

''Mixed doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2024
| align="left" | [[Turkey International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rohan Kapoor (badminton)|Rohan Kapoor]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Julien Maio]] {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Léa Palermo]]
| align="left" | 15–21, 13–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2024 (I)
| align="left" | [[India International Challenge|India International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Rohan Kapoor
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Hariharan Amsakarunan {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanisha Crasto]]
| align="left" | 21–17, 21–19
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2024 (II)
| align="left" | India International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Rohan Kapoor
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashith Surya]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Amrutha Pramuthesh]]
| align="left" | 21–16, 19–21, 21–12
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|}

: {{Color box|#D8CEF6|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Challenge]] tournament
: {{Color box|#D5D5D5|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Series]] tournament
: {{Color box|#E9E9E9|border=darkgray}} [[BWF Future Series]] tournament

=== BWF Junior International (6 titles) ===
''Girls' singles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#BDB8AD"
| align="center" | 2011
| align="left" | Ramenskoe Junior International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Evgeniya Kosetskaya]]
| align="left" | 21–17, 22–20
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- style="background:#AE9C45"
| align="center" | 2012
| align="left" | India Junior International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rituparna Das]]
| align="left" | 21–19, 21–14
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- style="background:#AE9C45"
| align="center" | 2013
| align="left" | India Junior International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Liang Xiaoyu (badminton)|Liang Xiaoyu]]
| align="left" | 16–21, 21–16, 21–13
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- style="background:#AE9C45"
| align="center" | 2014
| align="left" | India Junior International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Reshma]]
| align="left" | 11–3, 11–1, 11–9
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- style="background:#AE9C45"
| align="center" | 2015
| align="left" | India Junior International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|THA}} [[Supamart Mingchua]]
| align="left" | 21–9, 21–6
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|}

''Girls' doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#AE9C45"
| align="center" | 2012
| align="left" | India Junior International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Poorvisha S. Ram]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Meghana Jakkampudi]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Maneesha]]
| align="left" | 21–12, 18–21, 21–19
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|}
: {{Color box|#AE9C45|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior International Grand Prix tournament
: {{Color box|#C6D4E1|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior International Challenge tournament
: {{Color box|#BDB8AD|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior International Series tournament
: {{Color box|#EBE7E0|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior Future Series tournament

== Career overview ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Singles
! Played
! Wins
! Losses
! Balance
|-
| align=left | '''Total'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>
| 217
| 142
| 75
| '''+67'''
|-
| align=left | '''Current year''' (2024)<nowiki>*</nowiki>
| 0
| 0
| 0
| '''0'''
|}

{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Doubles
! Played
! Wins
! Losses
! Balance
|-
| align=left | '''Total'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>
| 17
| 9
| 8
| '''+1'''
|-
| align=left | '''Current year''' (2024)<nowiki>*</nowiki>
| 2
| 1
| 1
| '''0'''
|}
{{col-end}}

{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Mixed Doubles
! Played
! Wins
! Losses
! Balance
|-
| align=left | '''Total'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>
| 45
| 31
| 14
| '''+17'''
|-
| align=left | '''Current year''' (2024)<nowiki>*</nowiki>
| 37
| 26
| 11
| '''+15'''
|}
{{col-end}}

== Personal life ==
Ruthvika Shivani has been employed with [[Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited]] (BPCL) since 23 November 2015. Now she is in Assistant Manager (SPORTS) post at [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]] office<ref>{{Cite tweet | user=BPCLimited | number=1857380237169906084 | title=Congratulations to BPCL’s very own Ruthvika Shivani on her incredible Gold win!}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{sports links}}
* [http://www.essentiallysports.com/badmintons-next-star-interview-ruthvika-shivani Gadde Ruthvika Shivani] at [[Gopichand Badminton Academy]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPra5Z3XHBQ Interview with Gadde Ruthvika Shivani – "Rising Stars - Upcoming star in Indian badminton Ruthvika Shivani"] on Dreamaboutsports
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZkrDmZgseY Gadde Ruthvika Shivani interview] on Badminton-Unlimited
* [https://twitter.com/ruthvikas Twitter Official page]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gadde, Ruthvika Shivani}}
[[Category:Indian female badminton players]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Vijayawada]]
[[Category:Badminton players at the 2018 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists in badminton]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games badminton players for India]]
[[Category:Badminton players at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in badminton]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games]]

Tarawati Mili Bori

2026-05-07T14:15:11Z

JerilynSturgess: adding new entry - done

{{Short description|Indian singer from Assam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Tarawati Bori
| image = Tarawati Mili (cropped).jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1959|01|09|df=y}}
| birth_place = Disangmukh, [[Sivasagar district]], Assam, India
| genre = [[folk music]]
| occupation = [[musician]], [[songwriter]], [[composer]]
| instrument = [[Indian harmonium]]
| years_active = 1977–present
| awards = [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
}}
'''Tarawati Mili Bori''' (born 9 January 1959) is an Indian singer of Mising [[folk music]] and [[Oi Nitom|Oi: Nitom]] from the state of [[Assam]].

Mili was awarded the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for the year 2022 by the [[President of India]], Smt. [[Droupadi Murmu]] in New Delhi on 6 March 2024, for her outstanding contribution to the folk and traditional music of Assam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((News)) |first=Northeast |date=28 February 2024 |title=12 artistes from Assam honoured with Sangeet Natak Akademi Awards 2022-23 |url=https://nenews.in/assam/12-artistes-from-assam-honoured-with-sangeet-natak-akademi-awards-2022-23/7629/ |access-date=20 November 2025 |website=Northeast News - Northeast India news 24×7 |language=en-US}}</ref>

She is also known as ''Melody Queen'' of Mising folk songs.<ref name=":0" />

== Early life ==
Mili was born on 9 January 1959 in Disangmukh, Sivasagar district, Assam to Betang Mili and Uneshwari Mili. On 19 July 1981, she married to Lakhi Bori.<ref name=":0" />

She completed her matriculation from Disangmukh High School in the year 1977.

== Musical career ==
She was interested in music since her early school days. In 1977, Tarawati's voice gained a lot of popularity when she began singing on [[All India Radio]], Dibrugarh<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=8 May 2025 |title=ঘৰতে বন্দী কৰি থৈছিল আত্মীয়ই, ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতিৰ হাতৰ পৰা লৈছিল সংগীত নাটক একাডেমী বঁটা |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/as/!entertainment/exclusive-oi-nitom-empress-tarawati-mili-bori-from-mising-community-opens-up-about-her-musical-career-assam-news-ass25050801180 |access-date=20 November 2025 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=as}}</ref>. Her melodious voice caught the attention of Bharat Ratna [[Bhupen Hazarika]], in 1984 he invited her to Kolkata to sing in the album Mishing Mipak and in 1985 she also sang for Miri Jiyori film.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Tarawati Mili Bori |publisher=Conan Karchang Doley |year=2021 |isbn=978-93-5526-852-5 |edition=1 |pages=188 |language=English}}</ref>

== Honours and awards ==

* Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
* Bhupen Hazarika Sanghati Award<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=9 November 2022 |title=Artist Tarawati Mili Bori: বিশিষ্ট শিল্পী তৰাৱতী মিলি বড়িক সম্বৰ্ধনা সাংবাদিকৰ |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/assamese/assam/videos/other-videos/journalist-felicitates-artist-tarawati-mili-bori/assam20221109115230824824947 |access-date=20 November 2025 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=as}}</ref>
* Prag Prerona Award

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Indian folk singers]]
[[Category:People from Sivasagar district]]
[[Category:Singers from Assam]]
[[Category:Indian women folk musicians]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Mising people]]
[[Category:People from Assam]]

Shreya Bugde

2026-05-07T06:20:55Z

JerilynSturgess: adding new post

{{short description|Indian television actress (b. 1988)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shreya Bugade-Sheth
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|02|2|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2018 |title=B\'day: \'चला हवा येऊ द्या\' फेम श्रेया झाली 30 वर्षांची, हे आहेत तिचे फॅमिली-फ्रेंड्स |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-MB-IFTM-chala-hawa-yeu-dya-fame-shreya-bugde-birthday-special-5803738-PHO.html |access-date=3 February 2021 |website=Divya Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[Actress]]
| years_active =
| known_for = ''[[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]'' ''[[Fu Bai Fu (TV series)|Fu Bai Fu]]'' ''[[Tu Tithe Me]]''
| spouse = {{Marriage|Nikhil Sheth|2015}}<ref>{{Cite web |title='कॉमेडी क्वीन' श्रेया बुगडेची लव्हस्टोरी |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/shreya-bugde-and-nikhil-sheth-love-story/articleshow/74131151.cms |access-date=26 December 2020 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |date=18 September 2019 |language=mr}}</ref>
| partner =
}}
'''Shreya Bugade-Sheth''' (born 2 February 1988) is an Indian television actress. She is known for her comedy skits in ''[[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chala Hawa Yeu Dya's shoot resumes; Shreya Bugde share her excitement with fans - The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/chala-hawa-yeu-dyas-shoot-resumes-actors-shreya-bugde-kushal-badrike-and-bhau-kadam-share-their-excitement-with-fans/articleshow/76893703.cms |access-date=15 December 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=13 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title='Chala Hawa Yeu Dya' fame Shreya Bugde is a diva off-screen; see pics - The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/chala-hawa-yeu-dya-fame-shreya-bugde-is-a-diva-off-screen-see-pics/articleshow/73664575.cms |access-date=26 December 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

She honored with Newsmakers Achievers Awards 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nominations are open for Afternoon Voice's 14th Newsmakers Achievers Awards 2022 |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/nominations-are-open-for-afternoon-voices-14th-newsmakers-achievers-awards-202220220317103718/ |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Shreya was born on 2 February 1988 in [[Pune]], but brought up in [[Mumbai]]. Her mother's name is Nutan Bugade. She did her schooling from [[St. Xavier High School]] and completed college from [[Mithibai College]], Mumbai.{{cn|date=December 2021}}

== Career ==
She started her career in acting as a child artist from the Marathi drama ''Vatevarti Kacha Ga''. She acted lots of plays in various languages. She made her debut with ''[[Tu Tithe Me]]'' serial in 2012. She also acted in many serials like ''Asmita'', ''[[Tu Tithe Me]]'', ''[[Fu Bai Fu (2009 series)|Fu Bai Fu]]'', etc. She rose to prominence after her appearance in ''[[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]''. She is a sole female lead in the show.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2020 |title=अनेकांच्या नकला करणाऱ्या श्रेया बुगडेच्या खासगी आयुष्याविषयी काही गोष्टी... |url=https://www.loksatta.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/2110322/fu-bai-fu-to-chala-hawa-yeu-dya-shreya-bugde-journey-and-her-personal-life-ssv-92/ |access-date=26 December 2020 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=पाच वर्षात पहिल्यांदा खऱ्या अर्थानं संसार केला- श्रेया बुगडे |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/shreya-bugade-sheth-talking-about-lockdown-experience-and-its-impact/articleshow/78655402.cms |access-date=26 December 2020 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |date=11 October 2020 |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shreya Bugade talks about her career |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/the-marathi-tv-celeb-shreya-bugde-talks-about-her-career-in-industry/articleshow/68281030.cms |access-date=26 December 2020 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
In 2015, she married Nikhil Sheth, the Associate Creative Head of [[Zee Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shreya Bugade is daughter-in-law of Gujarati family Story |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/BOL-MB-IFTM-birthday-sepcial-shreya-bugde-and-nikhil-seth-romantic-photos-5803723-PHO.html/ |access-date=26 December 2020 |website=Divya Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Bairi Piya (serial)|Bairi Piya]]''
| Chandana
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|-
|2010
|''[[Thoda Hai Bas Thode Ki Zaroorat Hai]]''
|Sangana
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011
|''[[Chhuta Chheda]]''
|
|Gujarati
|-
|''Ekach Hya Janmi Janu''
|Shrikant's Sister
| rowspan="14" |Marathi
|-
|2012-2013
|''[[Tu Tithe Me]]''
|Manjusha Holkar
|-
|2013
|''Majhe Man Tujhe Jhale''
|College Professor
|-
|2013-2014
|''[[Fu Bai Fu (TV series)|Fu Bai Fu]]''
|Contestant
|-
|2014
|''[[Asmita (TV series)|Asmita]]''
|Episodic Role
|-
|2014-2024
|''[[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]''
|Various Characters
|-
|2015-2016
|''Albeli - Kahani Pyaar Ki''
|Geet's wife
|-
| rowspan="3" |2019
|''[[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]''
| rowspan="4" |Guest
|-
|''[[Zing Zing Zingat]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2019 |title='झिंग झिंग झिंगाट'मध्ये कलाकारांची जुगलबंदी |url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/zee-marathi-actors-come-together-zinga-zing-zingat-serial/ |access-date=24 March 2021 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kanala Khada]]''<ref>{{Cite news|title=When Shreya imitated Sai - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/when-shreya-imitated-sai/articleshow/67501893.cms|website=The Times of India|date=12 January 2019 }}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''Dancing Queen'' - ''Size Large Full Charge''
|-
|2022
|''[[Kitchen Kallakar]]''<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chala Hawa Yeu Dya fame Shreya Budge to host 'Kitchen Kallakar' soon - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/chala-hawa-yeu-dya-fame-shreya-budge-to-host-kitchen-kallakar-soon/articleshow/89001064.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 January 2022 }}</ref>
|Host
|-
| 2022
|''[[Bus Bai Bas Ladies Special]]''
| Guest
|-
|2024
|[[Drama Juniors]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Drama Juniors : रिअॅलिटी शोचा परीक्षक व्हायला तयार नव्हता संकर्षण कऱ्हाडे, काय होतं नेमकं कारण? |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/interview/drama-juniors-marathi-cast-interview-amruta-khanvilkar-shreya-bugde-sankarshan-karhade/articleshow/111309154.cms |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>
|Host
|}

== Stage works ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Work
!Language
!Notes
|-
|''Jo Bhi Hoga Dekha Jayega''
|Hindi
|
|-
|''Samudra''
|Marathi
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2018 |title='समुद्रा'एवढं आव्हान, श्रेया बुगडेचं रंगभूमीवर पाऊल |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/shreya-bugde-to-act-in-samudra-natak-latest-update-557324 |access-date=26 December 2020 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|''Medha & Zoombish''
|English
|
|-
|''Rabdi''
|Hindi
|
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDB name}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bugade, Shreya}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Gujarati cinema]]
[[Category:Indian stand-up comedians]]
[[Category:St. Xavier's College, Mumbai, alumni]]
[[Category:Marathi comedians]]

Trilochan Mahadev railway station

2026-05-07T00:00:14Z

JerilynSturgess: adding details

{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}


{{Short description|Railway station in Uttar Pradesh, India}}

{{Infobox station
| name = Trilochan Mahadev Railway Station
| type = [[Regional rail]] and [[Light rail]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|100px]]
| image_caption = Trilochan Mahadev railway station
| address = [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh]], India
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.76|82.69|display=inline}}
| line = [[Varanasi-Sultanpur-Lucknow line]] [[Varanasi-Lucknow line|Varanasi-Ayodhya-Lucknow line]] [[Varanasi-Rae Bareli-Lucknow line]]
| other = Auto stand
| structure = [[Standard]]
| platform = 2
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks = 2
| status = Active
| electrified = Yes
| opened = {{start date and age|1872}} (Oudh & Rohilkund Railway opened line from Benaras to Lucknow)
| rebuilt =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = TLMD
| zone = [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Lucknow NR}}
}}
| owned = [[Ministry of Railways (India)]]
| operator = [[Indian Railways]]
| passengers = 100
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = [[File:Feature ticket office.svg|20px|Computerized Ticketing Counters]] [[File:Feature parking.svg|20px|Parking]] [[File:Feature accessible.svg|20px|Disabled Access]] [[File:Aseos Públicos.jpg|20px|WC]] [[File:Aiga taxi.svg|20px|Taxi Stand]] [[File:Feature suburban buses.svg|20px|Public Transportation]]
| map_locator =
| route_map =
| map_state = Uttar Pradesh
| map_type = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| map_dot_label = Trilochan Mahadev Railway Station
}}

'''Trilochan Mahadev railway station''' (station code TLMD) is located in [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]], Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref>https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/trilochan-mahadeo-tlmd/625</ref>

This station is part of [[Northern Railway Zone]]'s [[Lucknow NR railway division|Lucknow NR Division]] and the [[Varanasi-Sultanpur-Lucknow line]] via [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]].

It is also part of the [[Varanasi-Lucknow line]] and [[Varanasi-Rae Bareli-Lucknow line]].

This station is a category (HG 3) in Northern Railway.

==Overview==

Trilochan Mahadev Railway station is a low-revenue station, serving over '''100 passengers''' and 2 Mail/ Express and 10 Passenger train on daily basis. It is under the administrative control of the [[Northern Railway zone]]'s [[Lucknow NR railway division]].

Trilochan Mahadev Railway station is well connected with many important cultural cites such as [[New Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Kolkata]], [[Indore]], [[Lucknow]], [[Varanasi]], [[Rishikesh]], [[Prayagraj]], [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]], etc.

It is one of the railway stations in [[Jaunpur district]], Uttar Pradesh, India. It is situated on the south side of the city about 35 km from [[Jaunpur Junction Railway Station]].

==History==
The station's history is from the time of the construction of the broad-gauge railway line from Varanasi to Lucknow, which was opened by the Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway in 1872. TLMD was likely to be established sometime after this main line was built to serve the local population and the prominent pilgrimage site of the Trilochan Mahadev Temple. As a minor halt station.

*'''Religious significance:''' The railway line's passage through this area provided easy access to the ancient [[Trilochan Mahadev Temple]], which has been in existence since at least the Tretayuga according to local legends. The station's construction likely made the pilgrimage site more accessible to a wider population.

=== Summary of key events ===

*'''1872:''' The broad-gauge Varanasi-Lucknow line, which the station is located on, was opened by the Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway.
*'''Post-1872:''' TLMD was likely to be constructed as a minor halt station to cater to the local population and temple pilgrims.
*'''Recent Upgrades:''' The rail lines passing through the station have been electrified and doubled to handle increasing traffic.

== See also ==
*[[Lucknow Charbagh railway station|Lucknow Charbagh]]
*[[Varanasi Junction]]
*[[Sultanpur Junction railway station|Sultanpur Junction]]
*[[Jaunpur Junction]]
*[[Ayodhya Dham Junction railway station|Ayodhya Dham Junction]]
*[[Rae Bareli Junction railway station|Rae Bareli Junction]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Railway stations in Uttar Pradesh}}

{{Draft categories|
[[Category:Lucknow NR railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Jaunpur district]]
[[Category:Transport in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh]]
}}

K. K. Valsaraj

2026-05-06T22:06:13Z

JerilynSturgess: New Some Article Needs Work...

{{AI-generated|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. K. Valsaraj
| image =
| caption =
| office = Member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly
| term_start = May 2026
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Kaipamangalam (State Assembly constituency)|Kaipamangalam]]
| predecessor = [[E. T. Taison]]
| successor =
| birth_name = Valsaraj K. K.
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1963}}
| birth_place = [[Thrissur district]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Communist Party of India]]
| father = Kesavan
| occupation = Politician
| education = BA Economics (University of Calicut)
}}

'''K. K. Valsaraj''' (born 1963) is an Indian politician serving as the member of the legislative assembly (MLA) for the [[Kaipamangalam (State Assembly constituency)|Kaipamangalam]] constituency in the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]].<ref name="Express_Win" /> A member of the [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI), he was elected in the [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]], retaining the seat for the party.<ref name="TOI_Kaipamangalam" />

== Early life and education ==
K. K. Valsaraj was born to Kesavan in the [[Thrissur district]] of Kerala.<ref name="Affidavit_ECI" /> He completed his secondary education and later pursued a degree in economics. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Economics from Sri Krishna College, Guruvayur, under the [[University of Calicut]] in 1985.<ref name="MyNeta" /><ref name="Hindu_Profile" /> Before entering the state legislature, he was an active political worker in the Thrissur region.

== Political career ==
Valsaraj has been a long-standing member of the CPI and has held various organizational roles within the party's Thrissur district unit. In the 2026 Kerala Assembly elections, he was selected to contest from Kaipamangalam, succeeding the sitting legislator [[E. T. Taison]].<ref name="BT_Result" />

In the final election results announced on 4 May 2026, Valsaraj secured 65,448 votes, defeating his nearest rival, T. M. Nazar of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 9,944 votes.<ref name="ECI2026" /><ref name="WinnersList" /> His victory ensured that the CPI maintained its strong presence in the coastal belt of Thrissur district.<ref name="Mathrubhumi_Result" />

== Election results ==
=== 2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:130px" | Party
! scope="col" style="width:220px" | Candidate
! scope="col" style="width:80px" | Votes
! scope="col" style="width:50px" | %
! scope="col" style="width:50px" | ±%
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
| scope="row" style="text-align:left" | '''[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]'''
| style="text-align:left" | '''K. K. Valsaraj'''
| '''65,448'''
| '''46.41'''
| '''-7.29'''
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| scope="row" style="text-align:left" | [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| style="text-align:left" | T. M. Nazar
| 55,504
| 39.36
| +4.30
|-
| style="background-color: #f7df10" |
| scope="row" style="text-align:left" | [[BDJS]]
| style="text-align:left" | Athulliaghosh Vettiyattil
| 15,221
| 10.79
| +2.18
|-
| style="background-color: #00008b" |
| scope="row" style="text-align:left" | [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
| style="text-align:left" | Jayan Eratt
| 2,144
| 1.52
| -
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:left" | Margin of victory
! 9,944
! 7.05
!
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:left" | Total valid votes
! 1,41,027
!
!
|-
| colspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}; text-align:left" | '''[[Communist Party of India|CPI]] hold'''
| '''[[Swing (politics)|Swing]]'''
| -5.80
|
|}
<ref name="ECI2026" />

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="Express_Win">{{cite news |title=Kaipamangalam (Kerala) Assembly Election Result 2026: K. K. Valsaraj of CPI Wins |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/kaipamangalam-election-result-2026-winner-10669127/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=5 May 2026}}</ref>

<ref name="TOI_Kaipamangalam">{{cite news |title=CPI's K. K. Valsaraj wins Kaipamangalam by 9,944 votes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/kerala/kaipamangalam-results-2026/articleshow/130694356.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 May 2026}}</ref>

<ref name="MyNeta">{{cite web |title=K. K. Valsaraj (Communist Party of India): Constituency - Kaipamangalam (Thrissur) - Affidavit Information |url=https://www.myneta.info/Kerala2026/candidate.php?candidate_id=96 |publisher=Association for Democratic Reforms |access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref>

<ref name="Hindu_Profile">{{cite news |title=K. K. Valsaraj, KAIPAMANGALAM constituency, CPI: Profile & Affidavit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/candidates/Kerala2026/k-k-valsaraj-96/ |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=5 May 2026}}</ref>

<ref name="Affidavit_ECI">{{cite web |title=Candidate Affidavit: K. K. Valsaraj |url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-profile/K_K_Valsaraj_2026 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=23 March 2026}}</ref>

<ref name="WinnersList">{{cite news |title=Kerala elections 2026: Full list of winners from Thrissur District |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala-assembly/kerala-election-2026-live-constituency-wise-thrissur-results/article70908199.ece |work=The Hindu |date=4 May 2026}}</ref>

<ref name="BT_Result">{{cite news |title=Kaipamangalam Assembly Election Result 2026 Highlights: CPI's K. K. Valsaraj defeats INC's T. M. Nazar |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/elections/kerala/story/kaipamangalam-assembly-election-results-2026-529154-2026-05-04 |work=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |date=4 May 2026}}</ref>

<ref name="Mathrubhumi_Result">{{cite news |title=Kaipamangalam Election Result 2026: K. K. Valsaraj secures victory for LDF |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/election-results-2026-kaipamangalam-1.952321 |work=[[Mathrubhumi]] |date=5 May 2026}}</ref>

<ref name="ECI2026">{{cite web |title=General Election to Assembly Constituencies: Trends & Results May-2026 - Kaipamangalam (S1174) |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2026/ConstituencywiseS1174.htm |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref>
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Valsaraj, K. K.}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 2026–2031]]
[[Category:People from Thrissur district]]

Babulal Bairwa

2026-05-04T13:48:46Z

JerilynSturgess: new new details

{{Short description|Indian politician (1953–2026)}}
{{Sources|date=May 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{ Infobox officeholder
|name = Babulal Bairwa
|image = File:Babulal Bairwa.jpg
|office = Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
|term_start = 2018
|term_end = 2023
|predecessor= [[Mangal Ram Koli]]
|successor = Ramesh Chand Khinchi
|term_start1 = 2008
|term_end1 = 2013
|predecessor1 = Ramesh Chand Khinchi
|successor1 = [[Mangal Ram Koli]]
|term_start2 = 1980
|term_end2 = 1990
|predecessor2 = Ganga Sahai
|successor2 = Jagan Nath Pahadia
|constituency = [[Kathumar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kathumar]]
|constituency1 = [[Kathumar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kathumar]]
|constituency2 = [[Kathumar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kathumar]]
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1953|11|05|df=y}}
|birth_place = Ronijathan, [[Alwar district]], Rajasthan, India
|death_date = {{Death date and age|2026|05|03|1953|11|05|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Jaipur]], Rajasthan, India
|spouse = Rajanti Devi
|father = Chhuttan Lal Bairwa
|mother = Dhapa Devi
|party = [[Indian National Congress]]
}}

'''Babulal Bairwa''' (5 November 1953 – 3 May 2026) was an Indian politician and [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] from [[Kathumar Assembly constituency]]. He was a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |title=कांग्रेस विधायक ने मंत्री परसादी लाल के खिलाफ खोला मोर्चा, कहा- 'मैं शेड्यूल कास्ट से हूं...' |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/rajasthan/congress-mla-babulal-bairwa-allegation-minister-parsadi-lal-meena-and-mahesh-joshi-2320195 |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=ABP News |date=29 January 2023 |language=hi}}</ref> Bairwa died from complications of diabetes at the Sawai Man Singh Hospital in [[Jaipur]], on 3 May 2026, at the age of 72.<ref>{{cite news |title=Veteran Congress Leader Babulal Bairwa Passes Away at 73 |url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/politics/3894804-veteran-congress-leader-babulal-bairwa-passes-away-at-73 |access-date=3 May 2026 |publisher=Devdiscourse |date=3 May 2026}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bairwa, Babulal}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:2026 deaths]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 1980–1985]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 1985–1990]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Deaths from diabetes in India]]

{{Rajasthan-INC-politician-stub}}

Odisha Urdu Academy

2026-04-25T22:10:43Z

JerilynSturgess: new

{{Short description|Urdu Academy}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Odisha Urdu Academy اڈیشا اردو اکادمی
| native_name = ଓଡ଼ିଶା ଉର୍ଦ୍ଦୁ ଏକାଡେମୀ
| native_name_lang = or
| image = Odisha Urdu Academy, Bhubaneswar.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| map =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| abbreviation =
| formation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1987|02|07}}
| founder =
| founding_location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
| status =
| purpose =
| professional_title =
| headquarters =
| location = Sanskruti Bhawan, BJB Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751002
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = Khalid Rahim
| leader_title2 = Vice President
| leader_name2 = Syed Nafees Desnavi
| leader_title3 = Previous Secretary
| leader_name3 = Syed Mushir Alam<ref>{{cite web|last=Islam|first=Mujahidul|title=بالاسور یاترا|trans-title=Journey to Balasore|url=https://ishtiraak.com/index.php/2023/02/22/balasore-yatra/|website=ishtiraak.com|date=22 February 2023|access-date=4 December 2023|language=ur}}</ref>
| leader_title4 = Current Secretary
| leader_name4 = Suchismita Mantri<ref name="Tathya-2025"/>
| board_of_directors =
| key_people =
| main_organ =
| website = {{URL|https://culture.odisha.gov.in/about-us/subordinates-offices/odisha-urdu-academi-bhubaneswar|Official website}}
}}
'''Odisha Urdu Academy''',<ref name="University of Kelaniya">{{cite conference |url=https://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/24423 |title=Bibliographic Control of Urdu Publications in India: Current Status and Trends |last1=N. |first1=Ashraf |author-link1= |last2=Klra |first2=Harinder Pal Singh |author-link2= |date=2021 |publisher=Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences |book-title= |pages=35 |location=[[University of Kelaniya]] |conference=4th International Conference on Library and Information Management |id= }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Israeel |first=Uzair |date=1 August 2018|title=اردو زبان کے ارتقا میں سرکاری اداروں کا کردار: ایک جائزہ از اشرف مدنی|trans-title=Role of Government Institutions in the Evolution of Urdu Language: A Review by Ashraf Madani|url=https://www.urdulinks.com/urj/?p=2434 |journal=Quarterly Urdu Research Journal |issue=15|issn=2348-3687|language=ur}}</ref> or '''Odisha Urdu Akademi''' ({{langx|ur|اڈیشا اردو اکادمی}}), formerly '''Orissa Urdu Academy''',<ref name="LOC">{{cite book|last=|first=|title=Accessions List, South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VAApAQAAIAAJ&q=Orissa+Urdu+Academy|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]|location=New Delhi|date=1993|volume=13|pages=223, 896, 914|language=en}}</ref> is an academy and institution in [[Bhubaneswar]], the capital of the Indian state of [[Odisha]], focusing on the promotion, development, and preservation of the Urdu language, its tradition, and culture in Odisha. It was formed on February 7, 1987, under the [[Societies Registration Act, 1860]].<ref>{{cite journal |editor1-last=Begum|editor1-first=Fahmida|title=Promotion of Urdu in India: Dr. Fahmida Begum|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/fikr-o-tahqeeq-shumara-number-002-abul-faiz-sahar-baljeet-singh-mateer-fahmeeda-begham-magazines|journal="Fikr-o-Tahqīq" Quarterly|date=July–December 1989|volume=1 |issue=2 |publisher=Taraqq-e-Urdu Bureau|location=New Delhi|pages=44–46|language=ur}}</ref> This academy is established under the Department of Odia Language, Literature, and Culture, [[Government of Odisha]].

== History ==
On February 7, 1987, the Urdu Academy was established in [[Odisha]] for the promotion and promotion of Urdu language and literature and the survival and protection of Urdu tradition and culture.<ref name="reportodisha">{{cite web|title=Odisha Govt has taken a back seat towards Urdu Academy; Academy officials|url=https://reportodisha.com/odisha-govt-has-taken-a-back-seat-towards-urdu-academy-academy-officials/|date=6 October 2016|access-date=3 December 2023|website=reportodisha.com|language=en|archive-date=14 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814204821/https://reportodisha.com/odisha-govt-has-taken-a-back-seat-towards-urdu-academy-academy-officials/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="times">{{cite web|title=Urdu academy put on the backburner|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/urdu-academy-put-on-the-backburner/articleshow/54707661.cms|date=6 October 2016|access-date=3 December 2023|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name="ncpul">{{cite web|title=اردو کا تاریخی پس منظر|trans-title=Historical background of Urdu|url=https://www.urducouncil.nic.in/ur/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88-%DA%A9%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D8%B3-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1|publisher=[[National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language]]|access-date=4 December 2023|website=www.urducouncil.nic.in|location=Delhi|language=ur}}</ref><ref name="Sambad-2021">{{cite journal |date=1 December 2023 |editor-last=Patnaik |editor-first=Soumya Ranjan |editor-link=Soumya Ranjan Patnaik |title=୨୦ ବର୍ଷ ପରେ ଓଡ଼ିଶା ଉର୍ଦୁ ଏକାଡେମୀ ପୁରସ୍କାର |trans-title=Odisha Urdu Academy Award after 20 years |url=https://m.sambadepaper.com/imageview_16965_187006_4_72_01-12-2023_7_i_1_sf.html |url-status=dead |journal=[[Sambad]] |language=or |edition=Cuttack |volume=40 |issue=56 |page=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204171826/https://m.sambadepaper.com/imageview_16965_187006_4_72_01-12-2023_7_i_1_sf.html |archive-date=4 December 2023 |access-date=5 December 2023 }}</ref> This academy is established under the Department of Odia Language, Literature, and Culture, a branch of the Government of Odisha, and under the [[Societies Registration Act, 1860]].<ref name="Bright">{{cite book|last1=Syed|first1=M.H|first2=Bright|last2=P.S|title=Orissa General Knowledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMCbjkhA_ncC&dq=orissa+urdu+academy&pg=PA66|date=2009|page=66|publisher=Bright Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788171995745 |language=en}}</ref>

== Activities ==
Seminars, lectures, and literary talks are organized through the academy. "Urdu Learning Centers" (for adults) are being run in various districts of Odisha, under which the beneficiaries are trained to read, write, and speak Urdu for six months. Under the supervision of the Academy, the achievement of editing the Urdu-Odia dictionary containing fifty thousand words has been implemented, and this achievement has been accomplished under the auspices of the Dictionary Committee, whose chairman was [[Karamat Ali Karamat]] and whose editorial board included [[Hafizullah Newalpuri]], Saeed Rahmani, Naseema Begum, and [[Motiullah Nazish]].{{sfn|Nazish|2018|p=239}}

Apart from the literary and cultural activities of the academy, the series of publications is also ongoing. Many important publications have been published, especially regarding Odisha, including Karamat Ali Karamat's ''Aab-e-Khizr'' (Remembrance of the Poets of Odisha), ''Odisha Mein Urdu Nasrnigari'' (Urdu prose in Odisha) and ''Odisha Ke Mujahideen-e-Azadi'' (The freedom fighters from Odisha) by Motiullah Nazish, and Saeed Rahmani's ''Odisha Mein Urdu Shayari'' (Urdu poetry in Odisha), etc.<ref name="Haqqani"></ref>

In addition to these, [[S. M. H. Burney]]'s ''Muhibb-e-Watan Iqbal'' (Iqbal: Poet – Patriot of India; 1984) was translated from Urdu to Odia under the name ''Desh Premi Iqbal'' (1988), an Urdu translation of the stories of some Odia writers, ''Odia Zaban Ke Numayinda Afsāne'' (Representative fictions of the Odia language; 2000), Karamat Ali Karamat's ''Odia Zaban o Adab: Ek Mutala'' (Odia Language and Literature: A Study; 2020), and ''Kulliyāt-e-Amjad Najmi'' ([[Amjad Najmi]]'s poetry collection; 2017), a collection of Urdu translations of [[Sitakant Mahapatra]]'s poems ''Awaaz-e Jarasaura'' (2008)<ref name="OrissaPOST"></ref><ref name="rekhta">{{cite web|title=Available publications of the Odisha Urdu Academy on rekhta.com|url=https://www.rekhta.org/publishers/odisha-urdu-academy-odisha/ebooks|access-date=3 December 2023|website=rekhta.org|language=en}}</ref> and ''Urdu Adab Ka Koh-e-Noor Karamat Ali Karamat'' (Koh-e-Noor of Urdu Literature, Karamat Ali Karamat) by Azizur Rehman and [[Abdul Mateen Jami]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Urdu Adab Ka Koh-e-Noor Karamat Ali Karamat|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/urdu-adab-ka-koh-e-noor-karamat-ali-karamat-abdul-matin-jami-ebooks|website=rekhta.org|access-date=3 December 2023|language=ur}}</ref>
=== Awardees ===
The people who have been honored with awards by the Odisha Urdu Academy since its establishment in 1987 include the following recipients from different years:{{sfn|Nazish|2018|pp=34–35}}<ref name="Alami">{{cite journal|last=Vikram|first=Nand Kishore|title=Awards and honors|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/aalmi-urdu-adab-delhi-volume-008-nand-kishor-vikram-magazines|journal=Aalmi Urdu Adab|volume=11|issue=6|date=September 2023|publisher=Publishers and Advertisers|location=Krishna Nagar, Delhi|page=422|language=ur}}</ref>
* 1987: Abdul Rasheed Naqqad, Abdul Latif Arif, and Fazlullah Sharif Afzal Berhampuri
* 1988: Rishi Kant Parekh Rahi, Noorul Huda Qayed, Mahmood Balasori
* 1989: [[Karamat Ali Karamat]], [[Hafizullah Newalpuri]], and Khalid Rahim
* 1990: Syeda Maslahat Aizdi Maslahat, Hifzul Bari Hafiz, Sulaiman Khaki Berhampuri, and Sheikh Habibullah
* 1991: Yousuf Jamal, Abdul Majeed Faizi, Yousuf Pervaiz, and Shamsul Huda Shams
* 1992: Sajid Asar, Rashid Shabnam, and Shakeel Desnavi
* 1993: Saeed Rahmani, Sheikh Mubeenullah, and Khalid Shafai
* 1994: Ismail Azar, Maulana Abdul Masjood
* 1995: Ghulam Haider Nayab
* 1996: Ghayel Faridi, Abdus Samad Wasif
* 1997: [[Khawar Naqeeb]]
* 2021 (presented at a ceremony in 2023 after a 20-year gap):
** [[Abdul Mateen Jami]] (Kendrapara) — ''Amjad Najmi Award 2021''; prize: ₹3,00,000, trophy and citation.<ref name="Sambad-2021"/>
** Abdul Hafiz Bismil (Balangir) — ''Karamat Ali Karamat Award 2021''; prize: ₹2,00,000, trophy and citation.<ref name="Sambad-2021"/>
** Afzal Baidar (Bhadrak) — ''Rashmikanta Rahi Award 2021''; prize: ₹1,00,000, trophy and citation.<ref name="Sambad-2021"/>
* 2022 (presented at the same ceremony in 2023):
** [[Motiullah Nazish]] (Kendrapara) — ''Amjad Najmi Award 2022''; prize: ₹3,00,000, trophy and citation.<ref name="Sambad-2021"/>
** Nasreen Nikhat (Cuttack) — ''Karamat Ali Karamat Award 2022''; prize: ₹2,00,000, trophy and citation.<ref name="Sambad-2021"/>
** Shaukat Rashid (Balasore) — ''Rashmikanta Rahi Award 2022''; prize: ₹1,00,000, trophy and citation.<ref name="Sambad-2021"/>
* 2023 (presented at ceremony on 19 August 2025):
** Seikh Anwar Hussain (Bhadrak) — ''Amjad Najmi Award 2023''; prize: ₹3,00,000, trophy and citation.<ref name="Tathya-2025">{{cite web|title=Urdu Academy Honoured Writers|url=https://tathya.in/urdu-academy-honoured-writers/|website=Tathya|date=19 August 2025|access-date=19 August 2025}}</ref><ref name="TOI-2025">{{cite web|title=3 writers awarded for contribution to Urdu literature|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/3-writers-awarded-for-contribution-to-urdu-literature/articleshow/123393009.cms|website=The Times of India|date=19 August 2025|access-date=19 August 2025}}</ref>
** Abdul Haque Betab (Cuttack) — ''Karamat Ali Karamat Award 2023''; prize: ₹2,00,000, trophy and citation.<ref name="Tathya-2025"/><ref name="TOI-2025"/>
** Samiul Haque Sakir (Cuttack) — ''Rashmikanta Rahi Award 2023''; prize: ₹1,00,000, trophy and citation.<ref name="Tathya-2025"/><ref name="TOI-2025"/>

== Secretaries and publications ==
Syed Manzoor Ahmed Qasmi, the first secretary of the academy, has been the secretary of the academy for about ten years since the establishment of the academy, i.e., in 1987. During his time, the academy has developed a lot.{{sfn|Nazish|2018|pp=231–232}} He released the quarterly magazine ''Farogh-e-Adab'' from the academy in February 1987; later, its publication was stopped.<ref name="OrissaPOST">{{cite news|last=Patsani|first=Monalisa|title=Urdu academy awaits council for progress|url=https://www.orissapost.com/urdu-academy-awaits-council-for-progress/|date=5 July 2016|access-date=3 December 2023|website=orissapost.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Aajkal">{{cite journal|last=Parveen|first=Farhat|title=Deaths|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/aaj-kal-shumara-number-008-farhat-parveen-magazines-1|journal=Aaj Kal|volume=81|issue=8|date=March 2023|publisher=Publications Division, Delhi|location=New Delhi|page=23|language=ur}}</ref> Then, in June 2012, the former secretary of the academy, Dawood Rahman, took over the post, so he started publishing this magazine again in April 2013.<ref name="Daud">{{cite journal |editor1-last=ar-Rahman|editor1-first=Dawood|title=Editorial|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/farogh-e-urdu-shumara-number-001-daud-ur-rahman-magazines|journal=Farogh-e-Adab|date=April–June 2013|volume=19 |issue=1 |publisher=Odisha Urdu Academy|location=Bhubaneswar|page=3|language=ur}}</ref><ref name="OrissaPOST"></ref> From January 2016 until early 2025, the secretary of the academy was Syed Mushir Alam,<ref name="OrissaPOST"></ref> who, according to Motiullah Nazish, had a high level of ability in Urdu and was well-versed in Urdu journalism, and the quality of literature promotion in his department increased immensely.{{sfn|Nazish|2018|p=234}} According to Haqqani Al Qasmi, this magazine played an important role in the promotion of Urdu language and literature in Odisha, and established its identity in other areas besides Odisha.<ref name="Haqqani">{{cite web|last=Al Qasmi|first=Haqqani|title="Farogh-e-Adab": A valuable magazine of Odisha Urdu Academy|url=https://qindeelonline.com/udishas-urdu-academy-urdu-magazine/|date=8 January 2022|access-date=3 December 2023|website=qindeelonline.com|language=ur}}</ref> In 2025, Suchismita Mantri was serving as the Secretary of the Academy, and she coordinated the awards ceremony held at Sanskruti Bhawan in Bhubaneswar.<ref name="Tathya-2025"/>

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}
=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Nazish |first=Motiullah |title=Odisha Mein Urdu Nasr Nigari |author-link=Motiullah Nazish |url= |date=2018 |edition=1st |publisher=Odisha Urdu Academy |location=Bhubaneswar |language=ur}}
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book|last=Siddiqui|first=Madood Ali|title=Directory, Urdu Newspapers and Periodicals 1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=41PgAAAAMAAJ&q=Orissa+Urdu+Academy|date=1999|publisher=All India Urdu Editors Conference, 1999|pages=88, 287, 292|language=en}}
* {{cite journal|editor1-last=Naqvi|editor1-first=Shariful Hasan|editor2-last=Saeedi|editor2-first=Makhmoor|editor2-link=Makhmoor Saeedi|title=Orissa Urdu Writers Conference and Mushayera|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/aiwan-e-urdu-shumara-number-012-syed-shariful-hasan-naqvi-magazines-2|journal=Aiwan-e-Urdu|volume=3|issue=12|date=April 1990|publisher=[[Urdu Academy, New Delhi]]|page=46|language=ur}}
{{Urdu Academy}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Organisations based in Odisha]]
[[Category:Linguistic research institutes in India]]
[[Category:Urdu Academies in India]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Educational organizations established in 1987]]

Har Mander Singh

2026-04-24T20:18:07Z

JerilynSturgess: New New Bio Needs Work...

{{Short description|Indian administrator, diplomat (1926-2020)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Chief Commissioner, [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
| term_start = 1972
| term_end = 1975
| predecessor = H. S. Butalia
| successor = Surendra Mohan Krishnatry
| office2 = Commissioner, [[North-East Frontier Agency]]
| term_start2 = 1971
| term_end2 = 1972
| office3 = Director, [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]]
| term_start3 = 1968
| term_end3 = 1971
| birth_place = [[Dar es Salaam|Dar-es-Salaam]], [[Tanzania]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1926|6|26|df=yes}}
| children = [[Harsh Mander]]
| death_date = {{Death year and age|2020|1926}}
| awards = {{Awards|[[Padma Shri]]|1960}}
}}

'''Har Mander Singh''' (1926–2020) was an Indian administrator, diplomat, and a recipient of the [[Padma Shri]] in 1960. He played a pivotal role in the Dalai Lama’s safe passage into [[India]] in 1959 and served in various key positions in governance.

== Early life ==
Har Mander Singh was born on 26 June 1926, in [[Dar es Salaam|Dar-es-Salaam]], [[Tanzania]], to Piara Singh.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmdmAAAAMAAJ |title=India Who's who |date=1975 |publisher=INFA Publications. |pages=159 |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Early career ===
Singh began his professional journey as a [[Officer (armed forces)|commissioned officer]] in the Indian Army (1946–1953).<ref name=":2" /> He later transitioned to the [[Indian Administrative Service#Indian Frontier Administrative Service|Indian Frontier Administrative Service (IFAS)]], where he held significant postings:

* Assistant Political Officer, [[North-East Frontier Agency]] (1954–1956)<ref name=":2" />
* Additional Political Officer, [[Nagaland]] (1956)<ref name=":2" />
* Secretary, Supply and Transport, North-East Frontier Agency (1956–1957)<ref name=":2" />
* Political Officer, [[Kameng district|Kameng District]] (1957–1960)<ref name=":0" />

=== Role in the Dalai Lama's escape to India ===
In 1959, the [[14th Dalai Lama]] fled [[Tibet]] after a failed uprising against Chinese rule.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2020-04-17 |title=Lockdown read: Indian who spirited Dalai Lama to safety, no lessons learnt from a century-old graft case |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/lockdown-read-indian-who-spirited-dalai-lama-to-safety-no-lessons-learnt-from-a-century-old-graft-case |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=National Herald |language=en}}</ref> Har Mander Singh played a key role in coordinating the Dalai Lama's safe passage into India.<ref name=":0" /> Singh escorted the Tibetan spiritual leader from the Chutangnu border crossing, through treacherous terrain and remote villages, including Gorhsam, Shakti, Lumla, Thongleng, [[Tawang]], Jang, Senge Dzong, [[Dirang]], Rahung, and [[Bomdila]], ultimately reaching [[Tezpur]], [[Assam]].<ref name=":0" /> For this exceptional service, Singh was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 1960.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards {{!}} Interactive Dashboard |url=https://dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Year=1960-1960&Award=Padma%20Shri&Field=Civil%20Service&Place=Punjab |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in |language=en}}</ref> His detailed diary entries on the operation were later compiled in the book ''An Officer and His Holiness'' by his niece, Rani Singh.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-05-05 |title=Story of Indian Officer Who Escorted the Dalai Lama to Safety |url=https://www.tibetanjournal.com/story-of-indian-officer-who-escorted-the-dalai-lama-to-safety/ |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Tibetan Journal |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Rani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8mjLDwAAQBAJ |title=An Officer and His Holiness |date=2020-01-30 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5305-746-6 |language=en}}</ref> The book includes interviews with the Dalai Lama, his brother [[Tendzin Choegyal|Tenzin Choegyal]], and others involved in the event.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />

=== Subsequent roles ===
Singh held several prominent roles:

* Deputy Secretary, [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] and Prime Minister’s Secretariat (1960–1965)<ref name=":2" />
* Financial Adviser, Office of the Political Officer for [[Sikkim]] and [[Bhutan]] (1965–1967)<ref name=":2" />
* Counsellor, Ministry of External Affairs (1967–1968)<ref name=":2" />
* Director, Ministry of External Affairs (1968–1971)<ref name=":2" />
* Commissioner, [[North-East Frontier Agency]] (1971–1972)<ref name=":2" />
* Chief Commissioner, [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] (1972–1975)<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2003-10-05 |title=An island home in the Indian Ocean; Time and place |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA108573582&sid=sitemap&v=2.1&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&userGroupName=anon~1af149c6&aty=open-web-entry |journal=Sunday Times (London, England) |language=English |pages=3}}</ref> - During this tenure, he initiated efforts to promote tourism and oversaw the first official contact with the [[Jarawas (Andaman Islands)|Jarawas]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kohli |first=M. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Av4JAQAAMAAJ |title=One More Step: An Autobiography |date=2005 |publisher=New Delhi |isbn=978-0-670-05787-0 |pages=225 |language=en}}</ref> He also facilitated the settlement of [[Nicobarese people|Nicobarese]] in [[Little Andaman]], creating a new habitat for migrating Nicobarese families in an area later named Harmander Bay in his honour.
* Director of the Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific under [[International Social Security Association]] (March 1985 to December 1995)<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VesKvJXrhbMC |title=Asia and Pacific News Sheet |date=1996 |publisher=ISSA Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific |pages=4–7 |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Har Mander Singh was married to Narinder Kaur, and the couple had two sons and one daughter.<ref name=":2" /> His son, [[Harsh Mander]], is a noted author and civil rights activist.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mander |first=Harsh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OCfYpRL1BewC |title=Ash in the Belly: India's Unfinished Battle Against Hunger |date=2012-12-01 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-81-8475-860-3 |language=en}}</ref> In 2017, at age 91, he co-signed an open letter with 64 other retired senior officials, advocating for the preservation of democratic values and governance in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Letter To PM Modi On 'Hypernationalism' Based On Experience: Ex-Official |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/open-letter-to-pm-modi-on-hypernationalism-based-on-experience-ex-official-1712154 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Death ==
Har Mander Singh died in 2020.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Nirupama |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y49FEAAAQBAJ |title=The Fractured Himalaya: India Tibet China 1949-1962 |date=2022-11-21 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5492-288-6 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Civil Service}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Har Mander}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in civil service]]

Karauli–Dholpur Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-24T02:45:48Z

JerilynSturgess: New A Info Needs Work

{{short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Rajasthan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Rajasthan/Karauli-Dholpur.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Karauli–Dholpur Lok Sabha Constituency
| established = 2008
| name= Karauli-Dholpur
|reservation= SC
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| incumbent_image = Bhajanlal Jatav.jpg
| mp = [[Bhajan Lal Jatav]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
|Successful Party=
| assembly_cons =[[Baseri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Baseri]] [[Bari (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bari]] [[Dholpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dholpur]] [[Rajakhera (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Rajakhera]] [[Todabhim (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Todabhim]] [[Hindaun (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Hindaun]] [[Karauli (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Karauli]] [[Sapotra (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sapotra]]
}}
'''Karauli–Dholpur Lok Sabha constituency''' ({{IPA|hi|kəɾɔːliː d̪ʱɔːl.pʊɾ}}) is one of the 25 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Rajasthan]] state in western [[India]]. This constituency came into existence in 2008 as a part of the implementation of [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]] of parliamentary constituencies.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

==Assembly segments==
Presently, [[Karauli]]–[[Dholpur]] Lok Sabha comprises eight [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments. These are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceorajasthan.nic.in/PC-ACWISE-ELECTORS.pdf|title=Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies wise Polling Stations & Electors|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Rajasthan website|access-date=11 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726003649/http://ceorajasthan.nic.in/PC-ACWISE-ELECTORS.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead
|-
|77
|[[Baseri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Baseri]] (SC)
| rowspan="4" |[[Dholpur district|Dholpur]]
|[[Sanjay Kumar Jatav]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|78
|[[Bari (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bari]]
|[[Jaswant Singh Gurjar]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|SHS]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|79
|[[Dholpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dholpur]]
|[[Shobha Rani Kushwaha]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|80
|[[Rajakhera (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Rajakhera]]
|[[Rohit Bohra]]
|-
|81
|[[Todabhim (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Todabhim]] (ST)
| rowspan="4" |[[Karauli district|Karauli]]
|[[Ghanshyam Mahar]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|82
|[[Hindaun (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Hindaun]] (SC)
|[[Anita Jatav]]
|-
|83
|[[Karauli (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Karauli]]
|[[Darshan Singh Gurjar]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|84
|[[Sapotra (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sapotra]] (ST)
|[[Hansraj Meena]]
|-
|}
Dholpur assembly segment was earlier in erstwhile [[Bayana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bayana]] constituency. Karauli assembly segment was in erstwhile [[Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sawai Madhopur]] constituency.

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''Till 2009 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Khiladi Lal Bairwa]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Manoj Rajoria]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Bhajan Lal Jatav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Karauli]]-[[Dholpur]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate= [[Bhajan Lal Jatav]]
|party= Indian National Congress
|votes= 5,30,011
|percentage=53.64
|change={{up}}+9.68
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate= Indu Devi Jatav
|party= Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes=4,31,066
|percentage=43.62
|change={{down}}-09.13
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 7,460
|percentage = 0.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =98,945
|percentage =10.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =9,90,998
|percentage =50.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = BJP
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: Karauli-Dholpur<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/1551-general-election-2019-including-vellore-pc/ |title=General Election 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Manoj Rajoria]]|votes=5,26,443|percentage=52.75|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate= [[Sanjay Kumar Jatav]]|votes=4,28,761|percentage=42.96|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ramkumar
|votes = 25,718
|percentage = 2.58
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=7,319|percentage=0.73|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 97,682
|percentage = 9.79
|change = +6.57
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=9,99,130 |percentage=55.18|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party

|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Karauli]]-[[Dholpur]]<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ |title=General Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Manoj Rajoria]]|votes=4,02,407|percentage=47.57 |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Lakkhiram Bairwa|votes=3,75,191|percentage=44.35|change=+0.05}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = G. R. Barua
|votes = 25,150
|percentage = 2.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = National People's Party (India)
|candidate = Ram Singh
|votes =9,458
|percentage = 1.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 27,216
|percentage = 3.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=8,46,343 |percentage=54.62|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser=Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Karauli]]-[[Dholpur]]<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/98-general-election-2009/ |title=General Election 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Khiladi Lal Bairwa]]|votes=2,15,810|percentage=44.30|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate= [[Manoj Rajoria]]|votes=1,86,087|percentage=38.20 |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Hattiram|votes=39,881|percentage=8.19 |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Gangaram|party=Independent politician|votes=28,625|percentage=5.88 |change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 29,723
|percentage = 6.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=4,87,118|percentage=37.38|change=}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser=
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Bayana (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Karauli district]]
* [[Dholpur district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/rajasthan/karauli_dholpur/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Karauli-Dholpur lok sabha constituency election 2019 result details]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|26.6|77.5|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karauli-Dholpur (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Karauli district]]
[[Category:Dholpur district]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies established in 2008]]

Thakur Ji Pathak

2026-04-21T23:42:55Z

JerilynSturgess: adding a details - done

{{Short description|Indian social activist and politician (1968–1994)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Thakur Pathak
| image = At raj bhavan Shaheed thakur ji pathak.jpg
| alt =
| office = [[Janata Party|15th General Secretary of Janata Party]]
| vice_president =
| president = [[Chandra Shekhar Singh]]
| term_start = {{start date|1982|01|20|df=yes}}
| term_end = {{End date|1985|01|20|df=yes}}
| president2 = [[V. P. Singh]]
| predecessor2 = ''Position Established''
| successor2 = ''Position Abolished''
| office2 = [[Janata Dal|National General Secretary of Janata Dal]]
| term_start2 = {{start date|1989|01|20|df=yes}}
| term_end2 = {{End date|1994|01|20|df=yes}}
| prime_minister3 = [[V. P. Singh]]
| term_start3 = {{start date|1989|11|09|df=yes}}
| term_end3 = {{end date|1990|05|30|df=yes}}
| native_name_lang = Hindi, English
| birth_date = {{birth date text|1968}}
| birth_place = [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Ballia]]
| death_date = {{death year and age|1994|1968}}
| death_place = Jamshedpur High Court
| education = Kmpm Inter College, Jamshedpur
| signature = Signature of thakur ji pathak.jpg
| website = https://ngo-site-921385012220.us-central1.run.app/
| alma_mater = kmpm Inter college, jamshedpur
| occupation = [[Social Activist]], [[Politician]], [[Businessman]]
| term = National General Secretary
| party = [[Janata Dal]], [[Janata party]]
| known_for = Indian Young Leader, Social Activism
| children = 2
| spouse = Manju Pathak Devi
}}
'''Thakur Pathak''' (1968 – 1994) was an Indian [[social activist]] and [[politician]]. He was the National General Secretary of [[Janata Dal]]. In 1994, Thakur Pathak was murdered by some criminals.<ref name='IT'>{{cite web |last1=Ahmed |first1=Farzand |title=Mafia gangs rule the roost in Jamshedpur |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19940615-mafia-gangs-rule-the-roost-in-jamshedpur-809281-1994-06-15 |website=India Today |language=en |date=15 June 1994}}</ref><ref name='DP'>{{cite web |title=Inbiref |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/inbiref.html |website=The Pioneer |language=en |date=11 April 2019}}</ref>

==Shaheed Thakur Ji Pathak Welfare Society National wing ==
Working in different states of india very actively National wing President is Surya Pathak
National General Secretary Chandra Pathak With state president and Society members are working day and night for make always live the thoughts of thakur ji pathak.

==Early years==
Thakur Pathak was born in 1968 in the village [[Narahi, Ballia]] in the [[Ballia district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. He graduated from the K.M.P.M Inter College, [[Jamshedpur]] [[Jharkhand]]. He completed his Intermediate in Arts at the age of 18.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

==History==

[[File:PM Chandra Shekhar at ThakurJi Pathak home.jpg|thumb|Thakur Ji Pathak is with former Prime Minister of India [[Chandra Shekhar]] at Thakur Ji Pathak's home.]]

===Birth Biography===
Thakur Pathak was born to Kedarnath Pathak and Gunjeshwari Devi in 1968, he was the youngest of three children. He was inclined to the political landscape of India from a very young age.

[[File:Janata_party_meeting_at_Shaheed_Thakurji_Pathak_house_ballia_utter_pradesh.jpg|thumb|Thakur Ji Pathak house in [[Ballia]] narahi [[Uttar Pradesh]] meeting with [[Janata party]] leader's at his [[Ballia]] [[Uttar Pradesh]] residence ]]

===Political views===

[[File:Shaheed Thakur Ji Pathak with Raghunath Jha and other party member at Ashoka hotel patna.jpg|thumb|Shaheed Thakur Ji Pathak with Raghunath Jha Ji In patna ashoka hotel with other party members]]

Thakur joined [[Janata party]] early in the 1980s to fulfill the demands of poor people from his constituency. Then he joined Janata Dal in 1988. He was an active supporter of women's rights and is fondly remembered by his fellow party colleagues.<ref>{{cite news |title=चोर को चोर कहने का परिदम क्या होता है इसका उदाहरण एक कार्यकर्त्ता |publisher=[[Aj (newspaper)|Aj]] |date=27 November 1989 |page=4}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=पुलिस वर्दी की ताकत पाठक गिरफ्तार |work=[[Aj (newspaper)|Aj]] |date=23 Feb 1985 |page=3}}</ref>

Thakur Pathak was appointed as National General Secretary of Janata Dal in 1989. Thakur was a famous personality who always helped poor people and farmers. He was very close to the former [[prime minister of India]] at that time [[Chandra Shekhar]].<ref name='DP'/><ref>{{cite news |title=प्रदेश जड अध्यक्ष द्वारा अनगिनत दुर्घटना की उच्च स्तरीय जाँच की मांग |work=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]] |date=7 March 1989 |page=4}}</ref>

==Death==
In March 1994, Thakur Pathak was shot by some criminals in front of the Jamshedpur Session Court.<ref name='IT'/><ref>{{cite web |title=Crime File : एसपी डॉ. अजय के डर से जेल से बाहर निकलना नहीं चाहते थे अपराधी Jamshedpur News |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-the-criminals-did-not-want-to-get-out-of-jail-due-to-fear-of-sp-dr-ajay-kumar-20263693.html |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jamshedpur Crime File: मुठभेड़ के बाद जिले से बदल दिए जाते थे एसपी Jamshedpur News |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-jamshedpur-crime-file-sp-was-replaced-by-the-district-after-the-encounter-20266406.html |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mitra |first1=H. N. |title=The Indian Annual Register A Digest Of Public Affairs Of India During The Period 1919-1947) (58 Vols.) |date=2000 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-212-0213-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLShQ-Zq8TMC&dq=great+leader+thakurji+Pathak&pg=PA228 |language=en}}</ref>

==In popular culture==

===Shaheed Thakurji Pathak Welfare Society ===

After the incident of his murder, his followers named him as "Shaheed Thakur ji Pathak". In the memory of Thakur Pathak the "Thakur Ji Pathak Welfare Society" was founded in 1995. The organization actively supports needy and poor people.<ref>{{cite web |title=पुण्यतिथि पर जरूरतमंदों के बीच खाद्य सामग्री का वितरण |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur/story-distribution-of-food-items-among-the-needy-on-death-anniversary-3100771.html |website=Hindustan |language=hindi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ठाकुर जी पाठक वेलफेयर सोसायटी ने किया मास्क का वितरण |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur/news/thakur-ji-pathak-welfare-society-distributes-masks-070624-6817605.html |website=Bhaskar.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=वर्मा |first1=रुपेश |title=शहीद ठाकुर जी पाठक की याद में वेलफेयर सोसायटी के सदस्यों ने वृद्धाश्रम जमशेदपुर में भोजन और कपड़े वितरित किए! |url=https://hindumat.com/?p=5095 |date=6 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=रैफ कैंप में 12 हजार और 4 गांवों में 8 हजार पौधे लगाएंगे: कमांडेंट |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/jharkhand/jamshedpur/news/12-thousand-will-be-planted-in-raff-camp-and-8-thousand-saplings-in-4-villages-commandant-127379971.html |website=Bhaskar.com}}</ref>

In memory of Thakur Pathak, the organization facilitates every year "Shaheed Thakurji Pathak Welfare Award". In 2021 the awardees are Dr. Vishal Rao and Shalini Thakur and [[Tejasvi Surya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Thakurji Pathak Welfare Society members meet BJP MP Tejasvi Surya |url=https://townpost.in/2021/08/27/thakurji-pathak-welfare-society-members-meet-bjp-mp-tejasvi-surya/?amp= |website=Town Post |date=27 August 2021 |access-date=17 October 2021 |archive-date=31 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231152823/https://townpost.in/2021/08/27/thakurji-pathak-welfare-society-members-meet-bjp-mp-tejasvi-surya/?amp= |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dr Vishal Rao, Dr Shalini Thakur felicitated by Shaheed Thakurji Pathak Welfare Society |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=872499 |website=Daijiworld}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Janata Dal]]
* [[Janata Party]]
*[[List of assassinations in Asia]]
*[[List of assassinated Indian politicians]]
*[[List of people from Jamshedpur]]
*[[List of people from Jharkhand]] .
*[[List of people from Uttar Pradesh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pathak, Thakur Ji}}
[[Category:Activists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian politicians assassinated in the 20th century]]
[[Category:Indian social workers]]
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:1994 deaths]]
[[Category:Janata Party politicians]]
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]

Haliyal Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:36:01Z

JerilynSturgess: New First Bio Initial Version...

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Karnataka State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Haliyal
| type= SLA
| map_image = 76-Haliyal constituency.svg
| constituency_no = 76
| mla = [[R. V. Deshpande]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| preceded_by = Sunil V. Hegde
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Uttara Kannada]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Uttara Kannada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Uttara Kannada]]
| established = 1966
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:181519}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
}}

'''Haliyal Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Karnataka]] in [[India]].<ref name=electors2019>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PCELE2019/GE2019_VOTERS_COUNT.pdf |title=Karnataka Loksabha Elections - 2019 - Voters Count |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |accessdate=10 February 2021 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414121135/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PCELE2019/GE2019_VOTERS_COUNT.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

It is part of [[Uttara Kannada district]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Kamat Ramchandra Gopal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || H. R. Mableshwar
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || rowspan="2" | Ghadi Virupaksh Mallappa
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || rowspan="6" | [[R. V. Deshpande]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || Sunil. V. Hegde || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || rowspan="3" | [[R. V. Deshpande]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Haliyal <ref>{{cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1076.htm?ac=76 |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate=18 May 2023 |archive-date=18 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518152355/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1076.htm?ac=76 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[R. V. Deshpande]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 57,240 |percentage = 40.08% |change = {{decrease}}6.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sunil Hegade |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 53,617 |percentage = 37.54% |change = {{decrease}}4.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ghotnekar Shrikanth Laxman |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 28,814 |percentage = 20.17% |change = {{increase}}14.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 941 |percentage = 0.66% |change = {{decrease}}0.30 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,623 |percentage = 2.54% |change = {{decrease}}1.33 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 143,033 |percentage = 78.80% |change = {{increase}}1.63 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 142,827}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 181,519 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.41 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}6.33 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Haliyal <ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate=4 February 2021 |archive-date=27 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027040352/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[R. V. Deshpande]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 61,577 |percentage = 46.41% |change = {{increase}}8.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sunil Hegade |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 56,437 |percentage = 42.53% |change = {{increase}}37.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. R. Ramesh |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 7,209 |percentage = 5.43% |change = {{decrease}}28.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. R. Chandrashekhar |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,629 |percentage = 1.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,277 |percentage = 0.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Yamuna Gaonkar |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 1,127 |percentage = 0.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kakkeri Badesab Hussainsab |party = All India Mahila Empowerment Party |votes = 913 |percentage = 0.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,140 |percentage = 3.87% |change = {{decrease}}0.21 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 132,892 |percentage = 77.17% |change = {{increase}}0.92 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 132,685}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 172,196 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.23 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}8.59 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Haliyal <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[R. V. Deshpande]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 55,005 |percentage = 37.82% |change = {{decrease}}3.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sunil Hegade |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 49,066 |percentage = 33.74% |change = {{decrease}}12.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dhuli Raju |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 7,844 |percentage = 5.39% |change = {{decrease}}1.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ravi Redkar |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 2,356 |percentage = 1.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivanand. B. Gaggari |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,547 |percentage = 1.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. B. Ramachandra |party = Independent politician |votes = 954 |percentage = 0.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,939 |percentage = 4.08% |change = {{decrease}}1.38 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 120,204 |percentage = 76.25% |change = {{increase}}6.33 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 145,439}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 157,649 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.83 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal (Secular) |swing = {{decrease}}8.49 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Haliyal <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sunil. V. Hegde |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 46,031 |percentage = 46.31% |change = {{increase}}32.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Deshpande Raghunath. V |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 40,606 |percentage = 40.85% |change = {{decrease}}2.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Apparao Krishna Pujari |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 7,219 |percentage = 7.26% |change = {{decrease}}25.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ajit Maneshwar Naik |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 2,035 |percentage = 2.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pandurang Parasaram Patil |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,853 |percentage = 1.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Premanand Vishnu Gavas |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,647 |percentage = 1.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,425 |percentage = 5.46% |change = {{decrease}}5.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 99,455 |percentage = 69.92% |change = {{decrease}}1.31 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 99,391}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 142,246 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}20.94 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Janata Dal (Secular) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}2.63 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Haliyal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[R. V. Deshpande]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 55,974 |percentage = 43.68% |change = {{decrease}}10.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Veerabhadragouda Shivanagowda |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 41,765 |percentage = 32.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. K. Gouda |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 18,055 |percentage = 14.09% |change = {{increase}}12.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Vijendra. P |party = Janata Party |votes = 8,733 |percentage = 6.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dhundasi Mahmadagouse Nannesab |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 3,623 |percentage = 2.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,209 |percentage = 11.09% |change = {{decrease}}0.76 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 128,150 |percentage = 71.23% |change = {{decrease}}2.88 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 128,150}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 179,920 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.54 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}10.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Haliyal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[R. V. Deshpande]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 63,207 |percentage = 54.58% |change = {{increase}}27.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. K. Gouda |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 49,483 |percentage = 42.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dalal Liyaratali Shoukatali |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 2,074 |percentage = 1.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maruti Parasappa Benachikar |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,052 |percentage = 0.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,724 |percentage = 11.85% |change = {{decrease}}18.29 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 121,725 |percentage = 74.11% |change = {{increase}}0.26 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 115,816}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 5,894 |percentage = 4.84% |change = {{increase}}2.82 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 164,247 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.30 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{decrease}}3.11 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Haliyal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[R. V. Deshpande]] |party = Janata Dal |votes = 62,722 |percentage = 57.69% |change = {{increase}}19.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. K. Gouda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,953 |percentage = 27.55% |change = {{decrease}}10.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. B. Dhooli |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 13,263 |percentage = 12.20% |change = {{increase}}9.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. K. Mugad |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 2,638 |percentage = 2.43% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 32,769 |percentage = 30.14% |change = {{increase}}29.84 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 110,973 |percentage = 73.85% |change = {{decrease}}0.36 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 108,727}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,246 |percentage = 2.02% |change = {{decrease}}4.41 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 150,273 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.58 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Dal |swing = {{increase}}19.62 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Haliyal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[R. V. Deshpande]] |party = Janata Dal |votes = 37,274 |percentage = 38.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gouda Sahadev Kurjal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 36,984 |percentage = 37.77% |change = {{decrease}}8.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bobati Udachappa Kheerappa |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 18,683 |percentage = 19.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Channaviran Parashuram Nagappa |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 2,569 |percentage = 2.62% |change = {{increase}}1.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ismail Budansab Jukako |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,379 |percentage = 1.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mulla Md. Shafi Md. Kasim |party = Independent politician |votes = 796 |percentage = 0.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 290 |percentage = 0.30% |change = {{decrease}}5.71 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 104,637 |percentage = 74.21% |change = {{increase}}2.71 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 97,908}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 6,729 |percentage = 6.43% |change = {{increase}}4.45 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 141,002 |ref = |change = {{increase}}26.14 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}14.24 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Haliyal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[R. V. Deshpande]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 40,983 |percentage = 52.31% |change = {{decrease}}6.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jamalpasha Ahmed Shaiah Bashasab |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 36,274 |percentage = 46.30% |change = {{increase}}5.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vastrad Shantveerayya Rudrayya |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 876 |percentage = 1.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,709 |percentage = 6.01% |change = {{decrease}}11.98 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 79,929 |percentage = 71.50% |change = {{increase}}0.40 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 78,343}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,586 |percentage = 1.98% |change = {{decrease}}1.21 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 111,786 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.62 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}6.33 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Haliyal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[R. V. Deshpande]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 41,926 |percentage = 58.64% |change = {{increase}}23.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ghadi Virupaksh Mallappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,065 |percentage = 40.65% |change = {{increase}}37.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Borkar Nagendran Kollur |party = Independent politician |votes = 506 |percentage = 0.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,861 |percentage = 17.99% |change = {{increase}}2.56 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 73,856 |percentage = 71.10% |change = {{decrease}}2.64 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 71,497}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,359 |percentage = 3.19% |change = {{increase}}0.17 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 103,870 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.98 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}8.39 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Haliyal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ghadi Virupaksh Mallappa |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 34,566 |percentage = 50.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Maruti Jakkappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 23,948 |percentage = 34.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sthalekar Ramesh Ganapati |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 7,169 |percentage = 10.42% |change = {{increase}}2.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dusagai Nazeerahmmad |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 1,959 |percentage = 2.85% |change = {{decrease}}58.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rao Abdul Rahiman Hasansab |party = Independent politician |votes = 628 |percentage = 0.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kerwadkar Mahadev Mallappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 524 |percentage = 0.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,618 |percentage = 15.43% |change = {{decrease}}24.62 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 70,933 |percentage = 73.74% |change = {{increase}}13.52 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 68,794}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,139 |percentage = 3.02% |change = {{increase}}3.02 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,198 |ref = |change = {{increase}}31.95 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}11.34 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Haliyal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ghadi Virupaksh Mallappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,086 |percentage = 61.59% |change = {{increase}}11.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Maruti Jakkappa |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 9,122 |percentage = 21.54% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sthalekar Ramesh Ganapati |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 3,536 |percentage = 8.35% |change = {{increase}}4.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pai Gopalkrishna Seetaram |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 2,327 |percentage = 5.49% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Vithalrao Bhimraya |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,176 |percentage = 2.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,964 |percentage = 40.05% |change = {{increase}}14.71 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 43,904 |percentage = 60.22% |change = {{decrease}}5.12 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 42,354}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 72,907 |ref = |change = {{increase}}26.15 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}11.14 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Haliyal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = H. R. Mableshwar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,410 |percentage = 50.45% |change = {{decrease}}0.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. V. R. Bheemaraya |party = Independent politician |votes = 8,664 |percentage = 25.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. P. Santappa |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 7,064 |percentage = 20.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. M. Shridhar |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 1,374 |percentage = 3.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,746 |percentage = 25.34% |change = {{increase}}0.52 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 37,760 |percentage = 65.34% |change = {{increase}}10.80 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 34,512}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 57,793 |ref = |change = {{increase}}19.91 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}0.42 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Haliyal Yellapur Supa <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kamat Ramchandra Gopal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 13,372 |percentage = 50.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gadhi Virupakshappa Mallappa |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 6,847 |percentage = 26.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Naik Purushottam Jog |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 3,215 |percentage = 12.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nadkarni Subray Dattatraya |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,482 |percentage = 5.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Parulekar Govind Balkrishna |party = Independent politician |votes = 590 |percentage = 2.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Deshpande Vinayak Dattatraya |party = Independent politician |votes = 420 |percentage = 1.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Hanamant Kallappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 360 |percentage = 1.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,525 |percentage = 24.82% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 26,286 |percentage = 54.54% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 26,286}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 48,195 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Uttara Kannada district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}

{{coord|15.33|74.76|display=title}}

[[Category:Uttara Kannada district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1966]]
[[Category:1966 establishments in Mysore State]]

Buldhana Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:20:33Z

JerilynSturgess: Put Up First Article Needs Work

{{Short description|Assembly constituency in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Buldhana
| map_image = 22-Buldhana.svg
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district = [[Buldhana district|Buldhana]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Buldhana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Buldhana]]
| established = 1951
| constituency_no = 22
| reservation = None
| type = SLA
| mla = [[Sanjay Gaikwad]]
| map_caption =
| party = {{Party index link|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
| incumbent_image =
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 308,194
}}
'''Buldhana Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 constituencies of the Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha and one of the seven that are located in [[Buldhana district]].

==Overview==
It is part of the [[Buldhana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Buldhana Lok Sabha constituency]], along with five other Vidhan Sabha(assembly) constituencies: [[Chikhali Assembly constituency|Chikhali]], [[Sindkhed Raja Assembly constituency|Sindkhed Raja]], [[Mehkar Assembly constituency|Mehkar (SC)]], [[Khamgaon Assembly constituency|Khamgaon]] and [[Jalgaon (Jamod) Assembly constituency|Jalgaon (Jamod)]],

The seventh constituency, [[Malkapur Assembly constituency|Malkapur]] from Buldhana district is part of the [[Raver (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raver Lok Sabha constituency]] from neighbouring [[Jalgaon district]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |access-date=14 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archive-date=18 March 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref>

As of 2008, the Buldhana constituency comprises the [[Motala, Buldhana|Motala]] taluka and part of the Buldhana taluka, including the Buldhana Rural and [[Padali]] revenue circles, as well as the [[Buldhana]] Municipal Council.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008| publisher = Electoral Commission of India, New Delhi |page=255 | access-date = 20 January 2010}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class = wikitable
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| Namdeo Pawar
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=8}}
|-
| [[1957 Bombay Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan=2|Indira Kotambkar
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| S. S. Patil
|-
|[[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Ramsingh Bhonde
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Shivajirao Bhiku Patil
|-
|[[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| Sakharam Aher
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Vithalrao Patil
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| Rajendra Gode
| {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| Vijayraj Shinde
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| Drupatrao Sawale
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| rowspan=2|Vijayraj Shinde
| {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Harshwardhan Vasantrao Sapkal|Harshwardhan Sapkal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| rowspan=2|[[Sanjay Gaikwad]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Buldhana <ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Buldhana">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Buldhana |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1322.htm |access-date=28 November 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241128190459/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1322.htm |archive-date=28 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sanjay Gaikwad|Sanjay Gaikwad]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 91,660 |percentage = 47.39% |change = {{increase}}9.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jayshree Sunil Shelke |party = Shiv Sena (UBT) |votes = 90,819 |percentage = 46.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prashant Uttam Waghode |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 7,146 |percentage = 3.69% |change = {{decrease}}19.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,354 |percentage = 0.70% |change = {{increase}}0.09 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 841 |percentage = 0.43% |change = {{decrease}}14.21 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 194,774 |percentage = 63.20% |change = {{increase}}4.66 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 193,420}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 308,194 |ref = |change = {{increase}}0.63 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |swing = {{increase}}9.33 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Buldhana <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.results.eci.gov.in/ACOCT2019/partywiseresult-S13.htm?st=S13|title=General Election to Vidhan Sabha Trends & Results Oct-2019|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=28 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121065754/http://results.eci.gov.in/ACOCT2019/partywiseresult-S13.htm?st=S13|archive-date=21 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sanjay Gaikwad|Sanjay Gaikwad]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 67,785 |percentage = 38.06% |change = {{increase}}17.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vijay Haribhau Shinde |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 41,710 |percentage = 23.42% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Harshwardhan Sapkal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 31,316 |percentage = 17.58% |change = {{decrease}}11.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Yogendra Rajendra Gode |party = Independent politician |votes = 29,943 |percentage = 16.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohammed Sajjad Abdul Khalik |party = All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen |votes = 3,792 |percentage = 2.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abdul Rajjak Abdul Sattar |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,914 |percentage = 1.64% |change = {{decrease}}0.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,088 |percentage = 0.61% |change = {{decrease}}0.02 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,075 |percentage = 14.64% |change = {{increase}}7.48 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 179,292 |percentage = 58.54% |change = {{decrease}}1.56 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 178,110}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 306,272 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.27 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}9.22 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Buldhana <ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Harshwardhan Vasantrao Sapkal]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 46,985 |percentage = 28.84% |change = {{decrease}}11.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sanjay Rambhau Gaikwad |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 35,324 |percentage = 21.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gode Yogendra Rajendra |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 33,237 |percentage = 20.40% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vijayraj Haribhau Shinde |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 32,946 |percentage = 20.22% |change = {{decrease}}26.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Naresh Rajaram Shelake |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 4,387 |percentage = 2.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Azhar Sikandar Khan |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 3,052 |percentage = 1.87% |change = {{increase}}0.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankarseth Onkar Chaudhary |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,728 |percentage = 1.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prashant Uttam Waghode |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,170 |percentage = 0.72% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,021 |percentage = 0.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,661 |percentage = 7.16% |change = {{increase}}1.22 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 163,945 |percentage = 60.10% |change = {{decrease}}0.10 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 162,916}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 272,798 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.38 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Shiv Sena |swing = {{decrease}}17.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Buldhana <ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Vijayraj Haribhau Shinde |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 66,524 |percentage = 46.74% |change = {{increase}}12.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dhrupadrao Bhagwan Sawale |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 58,068 |percentage = 40.80% |change = {{increase}}15.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sonone Shrikrishna Supada |party = Swabhimani Paksha |votes = 4,449 |percentage = 3.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narkhede Vishwasrao Ramdas |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,795 |percentage = 1.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Izhaar Ahmad Deshmukh |party = All India United Democratic Front |votes = 2,313 |percentage = 1.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sambare Dinkar Tukaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,078 |percentage = 1.46% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gaikwad Dadarao Bansi |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,860 |percentage = 1.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vijayrao Ramkrushnrao Kale |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 1,475 |percentage = 1.04% |change = {{decrease}}0.19 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,456 |percentage = 5.94% |change = {{decrease}}2.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 142,333 |percentage = 60.20% |change = {{decrease}}10.36 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 142,328}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 236,442 |ref = |change = {{increase}}1.74 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |swing = {{increase}}12.85 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Buldhana }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Vijayraj Haribhau Shinde |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 55,546 |percentage = 33.89% |change = {{increase}}6.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = More Muktayarsingh Julalsingh |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 40,908 |percentage = 24.96% |change = {{decrease}}8.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gaikwad Sanjay Rambhau |party = Independent politician |votes = 32,351 |percentage = 19.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandak Radheshyam Devkisan (Bhaiji) |party = Independent politician |votes = 14,890 |percentage = 9.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Pradip Prataprao |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 9,419 |percentage = 5.75% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vijay Ramkrushna Kale |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,996 |percentage = 1.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manik Sopan Pawar |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 2,014 |percentage = 1.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dabhade Somchandra Sitaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,555 |percentage = 0.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,638 |percentage = 8.93% |change = {{increase}}3.22 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 163,969 |percentage = 70.56% |change = {{decrease}}1.30 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 163,880}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 232,397 |ref = |change = {{increase}}23.63 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}0.91 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Buldhana <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sawale Drupatrao Bhagwanrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 42,079 |percentage = 32.98% |change = {{increase}}5.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shinde Vijay Haribhau |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 34,789 |percentage = 27.27% |change = {{decrease}}6.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tekade Sanjaykumar Ramdas |party = Independent politician |votes = 25,829 |percentage = 20.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Gode Rajendra Vyankatrao |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 18,667 |percentage = 14.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gaikwad Sanjay Rambhauji |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,360 |percentage = 4.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khare Muktabai Shamrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 858 |percentage = 0.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,290 |percentage = 5.71% |change = {{decrease}}1.12 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 135,087 |percentage = 71.86% |change = {{decrease}}7.17 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 127,582}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 187,980 |ref = |change = {{increase}}1.33 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Shiv Sena |swing = {{decrease}}1.14 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Buldhana <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shinde Vijay Haribhau |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 48,842 |percentage = 34.12% |change = {{decrease}}5.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gode Dr. Rajendra Vyankatrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 39,069 |percentage = 27.29% |change = {{decrease}}11.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tekade Sanjaykumar Ramdas |party = Independent politician |votes = 26,026 |percentage = 18.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gore Ashok Nathuji |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 6,936 |percentage = 4.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhonde Ramdas Vitthalrao |party = Janata Dal |votes = 6,379 |percentage = 4.46% |change = {{decrease}}10.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Parhad Madhukar Rustumrao |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 4,988 |percentage = 3.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Wankhede Ashok Daulatrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,392 |percentage = 2.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohanlal Mishrilal Sancheti |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,103 |percentage = 1.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,773 |percentage = 6.83% |change = {{increase}}6.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 146,599 |percentage = 79.03% |change = {{increase}}10.89 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 143,152}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 185,509 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.89 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |swing = {{decrease}}5.21 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Buldhana <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Gode Rajendra Vyankatrao |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 43,244 |percentage = 39.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shingane Bhaskarrao Sampatrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 42,478 |percentage = 38.64% |change = {{decrease}}4.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhonde Ramdas Vitthal |party = Janata Dal |votes = 16,800 |percentage = 15.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Purohit Premsukh Murlidhar |party = Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha |votes = 1,930 |percentage = 1.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Deshpande Padmakar Ramdas |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,424 |percentage = 1.30% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kolte Shobha Namdeo |party = Independent politician |votes = 937 |percentage = 0.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 766 |percentage = 0.70% |change = {{decrease}}4.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 111,973 |percentage = 68.14% |change = {{increase}}3.46 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 109,942}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 164,325 |ref = |change = {{increase}}23.57 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}3.70 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Buldhana <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Vithalrao Sonaji |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 36,277 |percentage = 43.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Sumanbai Shivajirao |party = Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes = 31,850 |percentage = 37.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khillare Pundlik Konduji |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,075 |percentage = 8.39% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = More Bapu Jaiwant |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,122 |percentage = 6.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Deshmukh Madhukar Sahebrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,974 |percentage = 2.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Palwe Atmaram Devaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 590 |percentage = 0.70% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gawande Tarabai Pralhadrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 525 |percentage = 0.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,427 |percentage = 5.25% |change = {{decrease}}1.11 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 86,020 |percentage = 64.68% |change = {{decrease}}1.03 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 84,308}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 132,984 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.16 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}0.46 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Buldhana <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Aher Sakharam Vithoba |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 33,143 |percentage = 43.49% |change = {{decrease}}0.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Shivajirao Bhiku |party = Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 28,299 |percentage = 37.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bahekar Keshevrao Jaywantrao |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 12,561 |percentage = 16.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Palwe Atmaram Dewaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,234 |percentage = 1.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arjun Totaram Gawai |party = Independent politician |votes = 743 |percentage = 0.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,844 |percentage = 6.36% |change = {{decrease}}5.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 77,907 |percentage = 65.71% |change = {{decrease}}10.64 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 76,213}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 118,564 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.88 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}0.21 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Buldhana <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Shivajirao Bhiku |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 35,503 |percentage = 43.70% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pawar Atmaram Totaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 26,152 |percentage = 32.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhonde Ramsing Deosing |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 12,346 |percentage = 15.20% |change = {{decrease}}37.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gupta Dulichand Munnalal |party = Janata Party |votes = 7,240 |percentage = 8.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,351 |percentage = 11.51% |change = {{decrease}}5.11 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 83,914 |percentage = 76.35% |change = {{increase}}12.45 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 81,241}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 109,901 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.73 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}8.85 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Buldhana <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ramsingh Deosingh Bhonde |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 30,540 |percentage = 52.55% |change = {{increase}}7.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Murlidhar Chango Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 20,878 |percentage = 35.92% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Parve Sadashiv Asaru |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 3,965 |percentage = 6.82% |change = {{decrease}}24.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dulichand Munnalal Gupta |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 1,654 |percentage = 2.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Datta Gangaram Hiwale |party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 817 |percentage = 1.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,662 |percentage = 16.62% |change = {{increase}}3.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 60,166 |percentage = 63.90% |change = {{decrease}}11.62 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 58,118}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 94,150 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.71 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}7.67 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Buldhana <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = S. S. Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,016 |percentage = 44.88% |change = {{increase}}3.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. V. L. Seth |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 18,849 |percentage = 31.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. Z. Warade |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 13,007 |percentage = 21.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. D. Borde |party = Independent politician |votes = 715 |percentage = 1.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. R. Palaskar |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 606 |percentage = 1.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,167 |percentage = 13.57% |change = {{decrease}}6.38 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 63,647 |percentage = 75.52% |change = {{increase}}5.44 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 60,193}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 84,277 |ref = |change = {{increase}}23.75 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}3.47 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Buldhana <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Indirabai Ramrao Kotambkar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,266 |percentage = 41.41% |change = {{decrease}}14.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Damodhar Zipra Varhade |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 9,465 |percentage = 21.46% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tukaram Shankar Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 9,196 |percentage = 20.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dharamaji Dagdu Ingle |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 4,664 |percentage = 10.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prabhakar Dagdu |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,517 |percentage = 5.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,801 |percentage = 19.95% |change = {{decrease}}15.71 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 47,729 |percentage = 70.08% |change = {{increase}}7.56 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 44,108}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 68,103 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.77 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}14.41 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Buldhana <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Indirabai Ramrao Kotambkar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,708 |percentage = 55.82% |change = {{increase}}10.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramrao Punjaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,480 |percentage = 20.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vyawhare Ramkrishna Tukaram |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 6,638 |percentage = 17.89% |change = {{increase}}1.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pandit Awadhbihari Kalicharan |party = Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha |votes = 2,271 |percentage = 6.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,228 |percentage = 35.66% |change = {{increase}}12.38 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 37,097 |percentage = 62.52% |change = {{decrease}}2.96 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 37,097}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 59,340 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.59 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}10.04 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Buldhana <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Namdeo Punjaji Pawar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 15,797 |percentage = 45.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramsngh Deosngh Bhonde |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,764 |percentage = 22.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Keshaorao Jaywant Bahekar |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 5,733 |percentage = 16.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kalu Tukaram Sarkate |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,713 |percentage = 7.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Atmaram Bhimji Pande |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 2,502 |percentage = 7.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,033 |percentage = 23.28% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 34,509 |percentage = 65.48% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 34,509}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,705 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Buldhana]]
*[[Motala, Buldhana|Motala]]

==Notes==
<references/>

{{Buldhana district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|20.53|76.18|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Buldhana]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Buldhana district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bombay State]]

Mrs. Deshpande

2026-04-09T13:47:13Z

JerilynSturgess:

{{Short description|Indian Hindi-language series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Mrs Deshpande.jpg
| genre = [[Crime thriller]]
| creator =
| director = [[Nagesh Kukunoor]]
| producer = [[Elahe Hiptoola]] [[Sameer Nair]] Deepak Segal Nagesh Kukunoor
| based_on = {{based on|''[[La Mante]]''|
Alice Chegaray-Breugnot|Nicolas Jean|Grégoire Demaison}}
| writer = Nagesh Kukunoor Rohit G. Banawlikar
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Madhuri Dixit]]
* [[Siddharth Chandekar]]
* [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]]
* Diksha Juneja
}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes =
| editor = Tapas Shankar
| cinematography = Sangram Giri
| runtime = 45–50 minutes
| network = [[JioHotstar]]
| music =
| company = [[Applause Entertainment]] Kukunoor Movies
| composer =
| executive_producer = Moiz Tarwadi Rahul Ved Prakash Prasoon Garg
| released = {{Start date|2025|12|19|df=yes}}
| related = ''[[La Mante]]'' (French original) ''[[Queen Mantis]]'' (South Korea)
}}
'''''Mrs. Deshpande''''' is a 2025 [[Hindi]]-language Indian [[crime thriller]] television series on [[JioHotstar]] directed by [[Nagesh Kukunoor]]. Produced by [[Elahe Hiptoola]], [[Sameer Nair]] and
Deepak Segal under the banner [[Applause Entertainment]] and Kukunoor Movies, the series is an adaptation of acclaimed French miniseries ''[[La Mante]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/mrs-deshpande-what-to-know-about-the-french-thriller-la-mante-before-madhuri-dixits-raw-new-role/articleshow/125536488.cms|title=‘Mrs. Deshpande’: What to know about the French thriller ‘La Mante’ before Madhuri Dixit's raw new role|date=24 November 2025 |publisher=The Times of India|access-date=3 December 2025}}</ref> and stars [[Madhuri Dixit]] as Mrs, Despande, a [[serial killer]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/mrs-deshpande-madhuri-dixit-on-saying-yes-to-playing-a-serial-killer-in-nagesh-kukunoors-series-assured-that-i-will-be-presented-in-a-proper-way/2156bd934a141|title=Mrs Deshpande: Madhuri Dixit on saying yes to playing a serial killer in Nagesh Kukunoor's series; 'Assured that I will be presented in a proper way'|date=3 December 2025 |publisher=OTT Play|access-date=3 December 2025}}</ref> with [[Siddharth Chandekar]], [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]] and Diksha Juneja in pivotal supporting roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1088934/mrs-deshpande-trailer-madhuri-dixit-plays-a-serial-killer-who-aids-a-police-investigation|title='Mrs Deshpande' trailer: Madhuri Dixit plays a serial killer who aids a police investigation|date=2 December 2025 |publisher=Scroll.in|access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref>
It premiered on [[JioHotstar]] on 19 December 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/madhuri-dixit-returns-to-small-screen-with-dark-thriller-mrs-deshpande-teaser-promises-an-unexpected-twist-101763555141510.html|title=Madhuri Dixit returns to small screen with dark thriller Mrs. Deshpande; teaser promises an unexpected twist|date=2 December 2025 |publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/mrs-deshpande-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-madhuri-dixits-thrilling-returns-in-the-series/512e884099529|title=Mrs Deshpande OTT release date: When and where to watch Madhuri Dixit's thrilling return in the series|date=22 November 2025 |publisher=OTT Play|access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/mrs-deshpande-ott-release-date-announced-when-and-where-to-watch-madhuri-dixits-thriller-series-online-plot-cast-first-look/articleshow/125485570.cms?from=mdr|title=Mrs Deshpande OTT release date announced: When and where to watch Madhuri Dixit's thriller series online|date=21 November 2025 |publisher=The Economic Times|access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref>

==Plot==
{{long plot|date=April 2026}}
Mumbai is gripped by fear after three people are found murdered by strangulation using nylon ropes. Each body is positioned before a mirror, with the eyes held open using synthetic glue. The unusual pattern immediately reminds IPS officer Arun Khatri of a series of eight serial killings that occurred 25 years earlier in Pune. At the time, Arun had led the investigation, which ended with the arrest of Seema Deshpande, also known as Zeenat, who has since been imprisoned in Hyderabad Jail under a concealed identity.

Arun confirms that Seema is still incarcerated and meets her in prison. She denies involvement in the recent murders and suggests the existence of a copycat killer. She offers to assist the investigation on certain conditions. Back in Mumbai, a man named Raghu is arrested during a drug delivery, only to be revealed as ACP Tejas Phadke working undercover. Arun assigns Tejas to lead the investigation into the copycat killings and discloses classified files revealing that Seema had confessed to all eight Pune murders. She had insisted that her identity be erased, her husband’s death faked, and all records of “Seema Deshpande” eliminated. She was later transferred to Hyderabad Jail under the name Zeenat.

Seema is covertly transported to Mumbai and housed in a secluded police bungalow under constant surveillance. When shown photographs of the recent murders, she confirms that they are exact replicas of her own crimes. She requests permission to cook her own food at the bungalow, which Arun allows despite Tejas’s objections.

Tejas’s personal life is introduced through his close bond with his maternal grandfather, fondly called Azoba, who raised him after his parents’ deaths—his mother in a car accident and his father from cancer. Tejas lives with his wife Tanvi, who co-owns a salon, TanD, with her close friend Divya Gokhale.

Tejas discovers that only seven people had access to Seema’s original case files. Four are now dead, leaving only Arun, Tejas, and Advocate Daruwalla alive. When Daruwalla’s copy of the file goes missing, suspicion falls on his nephew Hosh. Tejas finds letters exchanged between Hosh and Seema during her imprisonment. Hosh kidnaps his intended fourth victim and demands to meet Seema. During their monitored interaction, Hosh exhibits unstable behavior and eventually commits suicide after being psychologically provoked by Seema, ruling him out as the copycat killer.

As the investigation continues, a previously overlooked murder is uncovered—committed months before the Mumbai killings and matching the strangulation pattern. This leads into a flashback to 1997, revealing Seema’s first murder. Seema ran a small restaurant from her home and lived with her young son. Joseph, a regular customer, sexually harassed and assaulted her, burning her with cigarettes and attempting to rape her near a well. In desperation, Seema strangled Joseph with a nylon rope, killing him. Her father witnessed the aftermath and helped her dispose of the body by throwing it into the well, which was sealed overnight. Joseph’s orphaned son, Alex, was later adopted by Seema. This incident became the psychological foundation of her future crimes.

Back in the present, Seema drugs several guards at the bungalow using mushroom powder she had secretly brought with her and escapes. She briefly visits Tejas’s home and later TanD salon, raising alarm. Tejas confronts Seema in a forest, where she reveals the truth: Tejas is her biological son. She had deliberately ensured his involvement in the investigation as part of her condition to assist. Tejas is devastated and withdraws from the case.

Tejas later learns about Alex, now an adult, who reconnects with him and speaks of Seema as a protective, loving mother. Alex’s presence softens Tejas’s view of Seema. However, Alex is soon murdered by the copycat killer using the same ritualistic method, deeply traumatizing both Seema and Tejas.

The investigation reveals that Seema’s files had been digitized years earlier by a company called Zylocomp Technologies, now defunct. Soon after, the killer contacts Seema directly, calling himself her “Shishya” (disciple) and addressing her as his “Guru.” Initially believed to be male, Shishya claims ideological alignment with Seema but displays confusion and lack of moral clarity. Seema realizes that while her own murders were driven by a warped sense of justice, Shishya kills indiscriminately.

A failed murder attempt leads to the identification of the attacker as Shefali, a transgender woman. Flashbacks reveal Seema’s second killing, where she murdered an abusive father to protect his child, Suhas Gokhale. Tejas tracks Suhas’s history and concludes that Suhas later transitioned and is now living as Divya Gokhale—Tanvi’s close friend.

Divya kidnaps Tanvi and reveals herself as the copycat killer, driven by childhood abuse, gender dysphoria, failed relationships, and obsession with Seema. Seema offers herself as bait to save Tanvi. Despite police surveillance, Divya escapes with Seema to an abandoned building. There, Divya confesses to accessing Seema’s psychological reports from Hyderabad Jail and modeling her crimes accordingly.

Tejas’s team tracks Divya through evidence linked to Zylocomp. During a confrontation, Divya is fatally wounded while helping Seema escape. At Divya’s residence, Tejas discovers a suppressed psychological report revealing that his Azoba had raped Seema during her adolescence and murdered her mother to silence her. The truth shatters Tejas. When confronted, Azoba commits suicide.

Seema is escorted back to Hyderabad Jail. During the journey, she once again escapes, leaving Tejas handcuffed to his steering wheel, disappearing into uncertainty.

==Cast==
* [[Madhuri Dixit]] as Seema Deshpande/Zeenat Fatima (fake)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/mrs-deshpande-trailer-madhuri-dixit-hunts-a-copycat-killer-in-gripping-new-series-2829017-2025-12-01|title=Mrs Deshpande trailer: Madhuri Dixit hunts a copycat killer in gripping new series|date=1 December 2025|access-date=1 December 2025|website=India Today}}</ref>
** [[Khushi Hajare]] as young Seema
* [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]] as Arun Khatri
* [[Siddharth Chandekar]] as Tejas Phadke
* Diksha Juneja as Tanvi
* Pradeep Welankar as Dinanath
* Nimisha Nair as Divya
* [[Kavin Dave]] as Hosh
* Shivraj Walvekar as DGP Bhushan Nagre
* Kenneth Desai as Jehan Daruwala
* Sulakshana Joglekar as Pallavi Sonawane

==Release==
The series premiered on [[JioHotstar]] on 19 December 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=
Madhuri Dixit starrer Mrs Deshpande ready for streaming, the actress plays a serial killer in the Applause Entertainment show|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/madhuri-dixit-starrer-mrs-deshpande-ready-streaming-actress-plays-serial-killer-applause-entertainment-show/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=20 November 2025}}</ref>

==Reception==

Shreyas Pande of ''[[The Hindu]]'' observed that "the show unfolds with a deliberate dryness that often feels too convenient and uninventive"<ref>{{cite web|first=Shreyas|last=Pande|title=‘Mrs. Deshpande’ series review: A stoic Madhuri Dixit meanders through a dated show|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mrs-deshpande-series-review-madhuri-dixit-nagesh-kukunoor/article70414643.ece|date=19 December 2025|website=The Hindu}}</ref>
Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' stated that "The six-episode series has enough contrivances to keep the pot simmering. Arun isn’t the only one who treats Seema like an angel, rather than an emissary of death. The show is disinterested in learning more than is necessary about Seema, just so that the plot may be nudged forward."<ref>{{cite web|first=Nandini|last=Ramnath|title=‘Mrs Deshpande’ review: The star overpowers the serial killer|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1089237/mrs-deshpande-review-the-star-overpowers-the-serial-killer|date=19 December 2025|website=Scroll.in}}</ref>
Ronak Kotecha of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated it 3/5 stars and said that "Mrs Deshpande often feels familiar and occasionally over-explanatory, yet Kukunoor maintains a firm grip on suspense, holding back key revelations until the very end."<ref>{{cite web|first=Ronak|last=Kotecha|title=Mrs. Deshpande Season 1 Review : Madhuri Dixit anchors this heavily twisted suspense drama|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/mrs-deshpande/mrs-deshpande-season-1/seasonreview/125934517.cms|date=19 December 2025|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

Rahul Desai of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' commented that "Madhuri Dixit stars in a stagey crime thriller that unfolds in a hurry and its a missed opportunity.<ref>{{cite web|first=Rahul|last=Desai|title=‘Mrs. Deshpande’ Series Review: A Sanitised and Domesticated Serial Killer Drama|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/mrs-deshpande-series-review-madhuri-dixit-in-a-sanitised-and-domesticated-serial-killer-drama|date=19 December 2025|website=The Hollywood Reporter India}}</ref>
[[Deepa Gahlot]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' gave 2.5 stars out of 5 and said that "By not turning Mrs Deshpande into a monster like the notorious Hannibal Lecter, the show may have reduced the chills. Still, it's an efficiently made crime show, which depends on the stardom of Madhuri Dixit."<ref>{{cite web|first=Deepa|last=Gahlot|title=Mrs Deshpande Review: Not Chilling|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/mrs-deshpande-review/20251219.htm|date=19 December 2025|website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
Aishwarya Vasudevan of ''[[OTT Play]]'' also rated it 2.5/5 stars and commented that "Madhuri Dixit shines as a serial killer in this gritty thriller. While her performance is powerful, slow pacing and a stretched narrative hinder the impact. A decent but flawed weekend watch."<ref>{{cite web|first=Aishwarya|last=Vasudevan|title=Mrs Deshpande review: Madhuri Dixit is brilliant, though her grit is often tested by the show's slow, atmospheric pace|url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/mrs-deshpande-review-madhuri-dixit-nagesh-kukunoor/44535b8a68495|date=19 December 2025|website=OTT Play}}</ref>

Yatamanyu Narain of ''[[News 18]]'' gave 4 stars out of 5 and said that "Madhuri Dixit delivers a powerful, chilling performance in Nagesh Kukunoor’s layered psychological crime thriller that grips till the final episode."<ref>{{cite web|first=Yetamanyu|last=Narain|title=Mrs Deshpande Review: Madhuri Dixit Anchors Nagesh Kukunoor’s Tense, Layered Crime Thriller|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/web-series/mrs-deshpande-review-madhuri-dixit-anchors-nagesh-kukunoors-tense-layered-crime-thriller-ws-l-9779479.html|date=19 December 2025|website=News 18}}</ref>
Shweta Keshri of ''[[India Today]]'' rated it 3/5 stars and stated that "the series is engaging, though predictable in parts, and powered by Madhuri Dixit’s haunting performance. Her smile alone is enough to keep viewers on edge."<ref>{{cite web|first=Shweta|last=Keshari|title=Mrs Deshpande review: Madhuri Dixit steals the show in psychological thriller|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/mrs-deshpande-review-madhuri-dixit-serial-killer-psychological-thriller-nagesh-kukunoor-2838306-2025-12-19|date=19 December 2025|website=India Today}}</ref>
Vinamra Mathur of ''[[Firstpost]]'' rated it 2.5/5 stars and said that "Dixit as Deshpande shows not all irons rust. And she will always be a step ahead of many around, both on and off celluloid."<ref>{{cite web|first=Vinamra|last=Mathur|title='Mrs. Deshpande' Web-Series Review: Madhuri Dixit saves the day for a yet another middling whodunit|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mrs-deshpande-web-series-review-madhuri-dixit-saves-the-day-for-a-yet-another-middling-whodunit-13960021.html|date=19 December 2025|website=Firstpost}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=38990492}}

[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian mystery television series]]
[[Category:Hindi cinema in fiction]]
[[Category:Non-French television series based on French television series]]

Hemanga Thakuria

2026-04-05T03:36:23Z

JerilynSturgess: New Initial Post W/ Infobox...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific_prefix =
|name = Hemanga Thakuria
|image =
|caption =
|office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] [[Palasbari Assembly constituency|Palasbari constituency]]
|term_start = 2021
|term_end =
|majority =
|predecessor =
|successor = incumbent
|constituency = [[Palasbari Assembly constituency|Palasbari]]
|birth_date =
|birth_place = [[Assam]]
|occupation = Politician
|spouse =
|children =
|party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|other_party =
|alma_mater = [[Gauhati University]]
|profession =
|sibling =
|website =
}}
'''Hemanga Thakuria''' is a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] politician from the Indian state of [[Assam]]. He was elected to the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] in the [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021 election]] from [[Palasbari Assembly constituency|Palasbari]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-02 |title=Palasbari Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Hemanga Thakuria of BJP Leading Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/palasbari-election-result-2021-live-updates-palasbari-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3694946.html |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
He is the son of Uma Kanta Thakuria and resides in [[Uparhali]], [[Kamrup district]]. He earned his Master of Science from [[Gauhati University]] in 1998 and obtained his L.L.B degree from the same university in 2006.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Sentinel Digital |date=2021-04-09 |title=Hemanga Thakuria from Palasbari: Early Life, Controversy & Political Career |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/assam-election-2021/candidates/phase3/hemanga-thakuria-from-palasbari-early-life-controversy-political-career-531971 |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=Sentinel Assam |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
He is an advocate{{clarification needed|date=May 2024}} and later became a politician.<ref name=":0" /> He contested from Palasbari in the 2021 assembly election as BJP candidate and won the seat by securing around 62% votes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TimesNow |title=Palasbari Assembly Election Results 2021 - Palasbari Vidhan Sabha Election Results |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/palasbari-assam-election-result-2021 |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakuria, Hemanga}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Assam]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Politicians from Guwahati]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Assam-BJP-politician-stub}}

Imran Khan

2026-03-28T21:06:36Z

JerilynSturgess: corrected references and added references

{{short description|Prime Minister of Pakistan from 2018 to 2022}}
{{About other people|the politician and former cricketer}}
{{Pp-move|small=yes}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_suffix = [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI(C)]] [[Pride of Performance|PP]] [[FRCPE]]
| image = Prime Minister Imran Khan Adresses the Forum 01.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Khan in 2021
| order = 19th
| office = Prime Minister of Pakistan
| president = {{Plainlist|
* [[Mamnoon Hussain]]
* [[Arif Alvi]]}}
| term_start = 18 August 2018
| term_end = 10 April 2022
| predecessor = [[Nasirul Mulk]] ([[Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan|caretaker]])
| successor = [[Shehbaz Sharif]]
| office1 = Chairman of the [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]]
| deputy1 =
| term_start1 = 25 April 1996
| term_end1 = 2 December 2023
| predecessor1 = ''Position established''
| successor1 = [[Gohar Ali Khan]]
| office2 = Member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]]
| term_start2 = 13 August 2018
| term_end2 = 21 October 2022
| predecessor2 = [[Obaidullah Shadikhel]]
| successor2 =
| constituency2 = [[NA-95 Mianwali-I]]
| majority2 = 113,523 (44.89%)
| term_start3 = 19 June 2013
| term_end3 = 31 May 2018
| predecessor3 = [[Hanif Abbasi]]
| successor3 = [[Sheikh Rashid Shafique]]
| constituency3 = [[NA-57 Rawalpindi-VI#Election 2013|NA-56 Rawalpindi-VII]]
| majority3 = 13,268 (8.28%)
| term_start4 = 10 October 2002
| term_end4 = 3 November 2007
| predecessor4 = ''Constituency established''
| successor4 = [[Nawabzada Malik Amad Khan]]
| constituency4 = [[NA-89 Mianwali-I#Election 2002|NA-71 Mianwali-I]]
| majority4 = 6,204 (4.49%)
| office5 = Chancellor of the [[University of Bradford]]
| term_start5 = 7 December 2005
| term_end5 = 8 December 2014
| predecessor5 = [[Betty Lockwood]]
| successor5 = [[Kate Swann]]
| birth_name = Imran Ahmad Khan Niazi
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1952|10|5}}
| birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[West Punjab]], Pakistan
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| residence = {{Indented plainlist|
* [[Bani Gala]], Islamabad, Capital Territory
* [[Zaman Park]], Lahore, Punjab
}}
| party = [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]] (since 1996)
| spouse = {{Plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Jemima Goldsmith]]|16 May 1995|22 June 2004|reason=div}}
* {{marriage|[[Reham Khan]]|January 2015|October 2015|reason=div}}
* {{marriage|[[Bushra Bibi]]|February 2018}}}}
| children = 2
| relatives = [[Family of Imran Khan]]
| education = [[Keble College, Oxford]] ([[B.A.]])
| awards = ''[[List of awards and honours received by Imran Khan|See list]]''
| signature = Imran Khan signature.svg
| nickname = {{ubli|Kaptaan (Captain)|Qaidi No. 804 (Prisoner No. 804)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.arabnews.pk/node/2491061/pakistan|title=In Peshawar, 'Qaidi No 804' sandals named after jailed ex-PM a big Eid hit|date=10 April 2024|first=Wasim|last=Sajjad|work=[[Arab News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/qaidi-number-804-imran-khan-pti-challenging-pakistani-army-establishment-protests-islamabad-jalsa-2597290-2024-09-10|title=Qaidi Number 804 is challenging Pakistani establishment. Who is he?|date=10 September 2024|work=[[India Today]]}}</ref>}}
| module = {{Infobox cricketer
|embed = yes
|country = Pakistan
|height = 6 ft<ref>{{cite web
|title=Wisden (2 July 2001)
|url=https://downloads.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/CRICKET_NEWS/2001/JUL/446750_WISDEN_02JUL2001.html
|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]
|date=2 July 2001
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251004181327/https://downloads.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/CRICKET_NEWS/2001/JUL/446750_WISDEN_02JUL2001.html
|archive-date=4 October 2025
|url-status=dead
|access-date=4 October 2025
}}</ref>
|batting = Right-handed
|bowling = Right-arm fast
|role = [[All-rounder]]
|international = true
|internationalspan = 1971–1992
|testdebutdate = 3 June
|testdebutyear = 1971
|testdebutagainst = England
|testcap = 88
|lasttestdate = 2 January
|lasttestyear = 1992
|lasttestagainst = Sri Lanka
|odidebutdate = 31 August
|odidebutyear = 1974
|odidebutagainst = England
|odicap = 175
|lastodidate = 25 March
|lastodiyear = 1992
|lastodiagainst = England
|columns = 4
|column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
|matches1 = 88
|runs1 = 3,807
|bat avg1 = 37.69
|100s/50s1 = 6/18
|top score1 = 136
|deliveries1 = 19,458
|wickets1 = 362
|bowl avg1 = 22.81
|fivefor1 = 23
|tenfor1 = 6
|best bowling1 = 8/58
|catches/stumpings1 = 28/–
|column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
|matches2 = 175
|runs2 = 3,709
|bat avg2 = 33.41
|100s/50s2 = 1/19
|top score2 = 102[[not out|*]]
|deliveries2 = 7,461
|wickets2 = 182
|bowl avg2 = 26.61
|fivefor2 = 1
|tenfor2 = 0
|best bowling2 = 6/14
|catches/stumpings2 = 36/–
|column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
|matches3 = 382
|runs3 = 17,771
|bat avg3 = 36.79
|100s/50s3 = 30/93
|top score3 = 170
|deliveries3 = 65,224
|wickets3 = 1287
|bowl avg3 = 22.32
|fivefor3 = 70
|tenfor3 = 13
|best bowling3 = 8/34
|catches/stumpings3 = 117/–
|column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
|matches4 = 425
|runs4 = 10,100
|bat avg4 = 33.22
|100s/50s4 = 5/66
|top score4 = 114[[not out|*]]
|deliveries4 = 19,122
|wickets4 = 507
|bowl avg4 = 22.31
|fivefor4 = 6
|tenfor4 = 0
|best bowling4 = 6/14
|catches/stumpings4 = 84/–
|date = 5 November
|year = 2014
|source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/40560.html ESPNcricinfo
|medaltemplates=
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Cricket]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{PAK}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ICC Cricket World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[1992 Cricket World Cup|1992 Australia and New Zealand]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ACC Asia Cup]]}}
{{Medal|RU|[[1986 Asia Cup|1986 Sri Lanka]]|}}
}}
| native_name = {{nobold|{{nq|عمران خان}}}}
| 1blankname1 = Vice-Chairman
| 1namedata1 = [[Shah Mahmood Qureshi]]
}}
{{Contains special characters|Urdu}}
{{Imran Khan sidebar}}
'''Imran Ahmed Khan Niazi'''{{efn|[[Urdu]]: {{nq|عمران احمد خان نیازی}}, {{IPA|ur|ɪmˈɾaːn ˈɛɦməd ˈxaːn nɪˈjaːziː|pron|small=no}}.}} (born 5 October 1952) is a Pakistani former [[cricketer]], [[philanthropist]], and politician who served as the 19th [[prime minister of Pakistan]] from August 2018 until April 2022. As a cricketer, he captained the Pakistan national cricket team to victory in the [[1992 Cricket World Cup]]. After retiring from cricket, he founded the [[Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre]], Pakistan's first cancer hospital. He is the founder of the political party [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]] (PTI) and was its chairman from 1996 to 2023.

Born in [[Lahore]], he graduated from [[Keble College, Oxford]]. He began his [[international cricket]] career in a [[Pakistani cricket team in England in 1971|1971 Test series]] against England. He advocated for neutral [[Umpire (cricket)|umpiring]] during his captaincy. He led Pakistan to its first-ever Test series victories in [[Pakistani cricket team in India in 1986–87|India]] and [[Pakistani cricket team in England in 1987|England]] during 1987. Playing until 1992, he captained the Pakistan national cricket team for most of the 1980s and early 1990s. In addition to achieving the all-rounder's triple of scoring 3,000 [[Run (cricket)|runs]] and taking 300 [[Dismissal (cricket)|wickets]] in Tests, he holds the world record for the most wickets as a captain in [[Test cricket]], along with the [[List of Test cricket records#Innings as captain 2|second-best bowling figures in an innings]]. Moreover, he has won the most [[Player of the Series awards (cricket)|Player of the Series awards]] in Test cricket for Pakistan and ranks fourth overall in Test history. In 2009, he was inducted into the [[ICC Cricket Hall of Fame]].

In his bachelorhood, he had several relationships and was associated with London's [[nightlife]]. His first girlfriend, [[Emma Sergeant]], was, according to him, the one woman he truly loved before his first marriage. He had a relationship with Ana-Luisa (Sita) White, daughter of industrialist [[Gordon White, Baron White of Hull|Gordon White]]. A [[California]] court ruled Khan to be the father of her daughter Tyrian Jade, though he denied paternity. He dated German MTV host [[Kristiane Backer]], introducing her to Islam. He married [[Jemima Goldsmith]] in 1995, had two sons, and divorced in 2004 due to her difficulty adjusting to life in Pakistan. He married British-Pakistani journalist [[Reham Khan]] in January 2015, but they divorced in October the same year. He married his spiritual guide [[Bushra Bibi]] on 18 February 2018.

He supported [[General Musharraf]]'s [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état]]. His political career involved perceived closeness to the [[Establishment (Pakistan)|military establishment]], including contacts with several [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] chiefs. He became a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan for the first time in the 2002 election. He contested the [[2018 Pakistani general election]] from five constituencies and became the first in Pakistan's electoral history to win all of them. He was elected prime minister in a PTI-led coalition government. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he launched Pakistan's largest [[Ehsaas Programme|welfare programme]]. In February 2022, he became the first Pakistani prime minister since 2002 to visit Moscow, arriving on the same day the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] began. During his [[Premiership of Imran Khan|premiership]], he spoke out against [[Islamophobia]] in the [[Western world]]. In April 2022, he became the first Pakistani prime minister to be removed from office through a [[No-confidence motion against Imran Khan|no-confidence motion]]. He alleged [[Cypher No. I-0678|US involvement]] in his removal, blaming Washington for opposing his foreign policy that sought closer relations with China and Russia.

In October 2022, the Election Commission barred him for one term from the National Assembly over the [[Toshakhana case]]. In November, he survived an [[Attempted assassination of Imran Khan|assassination attempt]]. In May 2023, he was arrested at the Islamabad High Court during a hearing related to the corruption charges; following the [[May 9 riots]], he was released on protective bail a few days later. He was arrested again in August 2023. He has since been sentenced to 14 years in the [[Al-Qadir Trust case]] and, as of December 2024, faced 186 cases across Pakistan. He has alleged that [[Imprisonment of Imran Khan|his imprisonment]] is politically motivated, blaming the post-2022 military establishment and the [[Shehbaz Sharif]] government, both of which deny the claim.

== Early life and family ==
{{Further|Family of Imran Khan}}
[[File:JavedZamanWithImranKhan.jpg|thumb|right|Khan with his uncle [[Javed Zaman (Pakistani cricketer)|Javed Zaman]], who would later become his cricket mentor,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1800472|title=Imran's uncle Javed Zaman dies|date=25 December 2023|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref> {{circa|1957}}.]]

Khan was born in [[Lahore]] on 5 October 1952.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sandford|first1=Christopher|author-link1=Christopher Sandford (biographer)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ptqDuf48RMC&pg=PA375|title=Imran Khan: The Cricketer, The Celebrity, The Politician|page=375|date=6 August 2009|publisher=[[HarperCollins Publishers]]|isbn=978-0-00-734104-7|access-date=2 March 2025}}</ref>{{efn|Some sources state he was born on 25 November 1952,<ref name="Dawn2">{{cite web |date=13 January 2012 |title=Imran Khan |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/687806|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923051103/http://www.dawn.com/news/687806|archive-date=23 September 2016 |access-date=22 September 2016|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref> Khan has said that this mistake stemmed from that date being written erroneously on his passport.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bolnews.com/2022/10/05/politics/imran-khan-celebrates-his-70th-birthday/index.html|title=Imran Khan celebrates his 70th birthday|date=5 October 2022|work=[[Bol News]]|quote='My actual birthday date is October 5. It was mistakenly written as November 25th on my passport,' the former prime minister said on the occasion.|access-date=5 June 2023|archive-date=5 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605104023/https://www.bolnews.com/2022/10/05/politics/imran-khan-celebrates-his-70th-birthday/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}} He is the only son of Ikramullah Khan Niazi, a civil engineer, and his wife, Shaukat Khanum, and has four sisters.<ref name="Warrior Race">{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Imran |year=1993 |title=Warrior Race |publisher=Butler & Tanner Ltd. |location=London |isbn=978-0-7011-3890-5}}</ref> Paternally, he is of [[Pathans of Punjab|Pathan]] origin from the [[Niazi]] tribe.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rafique|first1=Muhammad|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sydney-morning-herald-niazi-khan/168467377/|title=A tale of two Niazis — one revered, the other reviled|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=6 January 1983|location=[[Sydney]]|access-date=21 March 2025|quote=Two Niazis are filling the columns of the Pakistani newspapers and periodicals and both belong to the well-known Pathan tribe of the same name. One is worshipped and the other reviled. Both are tall, handome and for one of them, the journalists have run out of superlatives. His name is Imran Khan Niazi although he seldom uses his tribal title.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ahmed|first1=Akbar|author-link1=Akbar Ahmed|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-independent/168467483/|title=Mighty lion river|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|date=12 September 1990|location=[[London]]|access-date=21 March 2025|quote=His father is of the Niazi tribe and his mother a Burki, both dominant groups. Living in a patriarchal society, Imran only emphasises his father's lineage.}}</ref> His maternal family is from the [[Burki]] community,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/imran-khan-154467|title=CRICKETERS OF THE YEAR: Imran Khan|date=15 April 1983|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref> having lived near [[Jalandhar]] for centuries before migrating to Pakistan after Independence in 1947.<ref>{{cite web |title=Imran Khan's Jalandhar connect |website=The Tribune Chandigarh |date=27 July 2018 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/imran-khan-s-jalandhar-connect/627212.html |access-date=30 July 2018 |archive-date=31 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731000052/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/imran-khan-s-jalandhar-connect/627212.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thequint.com/videos/news-videos/imran-khans-tryst-with-the-city-of-jalandhar |title=Imran Khan's Connection With the City of Jalandhar |work=The Quint |access-date=30 July 2018 |archive-date=30 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730033420/https://www.thequint.com/videos/news-videos/imran-khans-tryst-with-the-city-of-jalandhar |url-status=live}}</ref>

He attended [[Aitchison College]] and Cathedral School in Lahore.<ref name="flamboyant"/><ref>{{cite book|author=Christopher Sandford|title=Imran Khan: The Cricketer, The Celebrity, The Politician|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ptqDuf48RMC&pg=PAPT68|date=6 August 2009|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|isbn=978-0-00-734104-7|pages=68–|quote=Imran had, meanwhile, left Aitchison College, whose vaunted enthusiasm for sports seems not to have extended to sharing one of their own with a professional cricket team. He spent his sixth-form year at the nearby Cathedral School.}}</ref> He arrived at [[Royal Grammar School Worcester]] in England in September 1971 and performed well in [[cricket]] there.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Merrifield |first1=Ryan |title=Former RGS schoolboy Imran Khan declared Pakistan prime minister |url=https://www.worcesternews.co.uk/news/16382357.former-rgs-schoolboy-imran-khan-declared-pakistan-prime-minister/ |access-date=21 January 2025 |work=[[Worcester News]] |date=27 July 2018}}</ref><ref name="TCM">{{cite news|url=https://www.thecricketmonthly.com/story/1032793/schoolboy-imran|title=Schoolboy Imran|first1=Francis|last1=Kelly|date=August 2016}}</ref> In 1972, after being turned down by [[Cambridge University]],<ref name="ESPN">Ivo Tennant, "Excellence exhausted", espncricinfo.com, 4 September 2008</ref> he was admitted to [[Keble College, Oxford]], where he studied [[philosophy, politics and economics]], graduating in 1975.<ref name="oxford interview">{{cite news |year=1999 |title=The Interview: Anything he Khan't do? |url=http://www.oxfordstudent.com/tt1999wk5/News/the_interview%3A_anything_he_khan%27t_do%3F |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929104812/http://www.oxfordstudent.com/tt1999wk5/News/the_interview%3A_anything_he_khan%27t_do%3F |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=30 October 2018 |work=The Oxford Student}}</ref> [[Paul Hayes (historian)|Paul Hayes]], a cricket enthusiast, helped facilitate his entry.<ref name="ESPN"/>

== Personal life ==
Khan had several relationships in his bachelorhood.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sex to spirituality: The love life of Imran Khan|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=23 February 2018|url=https://m.economictimes.com/magazines/panache/sex-to-spirituality-the-love-life-of-imran-khan/|access-date=11 March 2025|quote=In his youth, he dated several women around the world, including Bollywood stars and at least one from Hollywood.}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He was known as a "[[playboy (lifestyle)|playboy]]" who was active in London's [[nightlife]], often visiting [[Tramp (nightclub)|Tramp]] in [[St James's]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-19844270|title=The cricket hero who could be Pakistan's next PM|date=25 July 2018|website=[[BBC]]|access-date=26 July 2018|archive-date=2 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802053432/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-19844270|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Brook |first=Danae |date=26 July 2018 |title=Imran Khan: from playboy to politician |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/7046650/Imran-Khan-from-playboy-to-politician.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/7046650/Imran-Khan-from-playboy-to-politician.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> One or two of his girlfriends were called "mysterious blondes" in British tabloids. During the 1980s and 1990s, he was regarded as one of the most [[eligible bachelor]]s.<ref name="mysteryblondes">{{cite news |last=Tennant |first=Ivo |date=30 July 2018 |title=VIP clubs and 'mystery blondes': Imran Khan's party years |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/vip-clubs-and-mystery-blondes-imran-khans-party-years-lwsz5d3rj |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810205356/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/vip-clubs-and-mystery-blondes-imran-khans-party-years-lwsz5d3rj |archive-date=10 August 2018 |access-date=10 August 2018 |website=[[The Sunday Times]]}}</ref>

His first girlfriend, [[Emma Sergeant]], an artist and daughter of British investor Sir [[Patrick Sergeant]], introduced him to [[socialite]]s. ''[[The Times]]'' states Emma was the "one woman he truly loved before his first marriage."<ref name="mysteryblondes" /> They met in 1982 and visited Pakistan. She accompanied him everywhere, including a hunting trip to [[Peshawar]] and a cricket tour to Australia.<ref name="maidens">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19950615-bowling-maidens-over-the-love-life-of-cricket-superstar-imran-khan-807422-1995-06-15|title=Bowling maidens over: The love life of cricket superstar Imran Khan|website=India Today|date=15 June 1995 |access-date=8 August 2018|archive-date=30 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730234443/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19950615-bowling-maidens-over-the-love-life-of-cricket-superstar-imran-khan-807422-1995-06-15|url-status=live}}</ref> She painted his portrait during their relationship at his request.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4705862/Emmas-brush-with-marriage.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010004821/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4705862/Emmas-brush-with-marriage.html|archive-date=10 October 2012|title=Emma's brush with marriage|date=16 November 1996|website=Telegraph.co.uk}}</ref> His [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]] residence, near Sergeant's studio and Tramp, became central to his social life. After long separations, their relationship ended in 1986.<ref name="mysteryblondes" />

[[Jonathan Orders]] introduced him to Susie Murray-Philipson, whom he later invited to Pakistan and had dinner with in 1982. Their relationship did not progress, as Philipson felt out of place and found cultural differences irreconcilable. He also briefly dated [[Susannah Constantine]], whom he met through Lulu Blacker; their relationship lasted about a year. Julia Verdin and Doone Murray were among other women associated with him, with their relationships receiving media attention.<ref name="mysteryblondes" />

Other women associated with him during this period include [[Zeenat Aman]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1541663|title=5 Pakistani stars who tore barriers and found love across the border|date=26 October 2017|access-date=10 August 2018|archive-date=11 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811033455/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1541663/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sarah Crawley, [[Marie Helvin]],<ref name="mysteryblondes" /> [[Stephanie Beacham]], [[Caroline Kellett]], [[Liza Campbell]], [[Goldie Hawn]], Sarah Giles,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/imran-vs-benazir-1305142.html |title=Imran vs Benazir |first=Tim |last=McGirk |date=16 April 1996 |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> Anastasia Cooke, and [[Hannah Rothschild (film maker)|Hannah Rothschild]]. These relationships did not last, as he required residency in Pakistan for a serious, long-term commitment.<ref name="maidens"/>

Ana-Luisa White, daughter of British industrialist [[Gordon White, Baron White of Hull|Gordon White]] and later known as Sita, began her relationship with him in 1986, shortly after his breakup with Emma. The relationship lasted two years, ending when he reportedly wrote that he could not love her as Emma would always be the love of his life. White became pregnant after a final encounter in 1991 and gave birth to a daughter, Tyrian Jade,{{R|Hutchins-Midgley-2015}}{{R|Morgan-2012}} in June 1992. She later claimed he was the father and kept a framed photograph of him.<ref name="maidens"/> Tyrian became the subject of a legal dispute in 1997 when a [[California]] court ruled him her father after White filed a paternity suit. The ruling followed his failure to respond to the suit or a blood test request.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 1997 |title=USA: Los Angeles: Court Rules That Imran Khan Is Father of 5-Year-Old |url=http://www.aparchive.com/metadata/USA-LOS-ANGELES-COURT-RULES-THAT-IMRAN-KHAN-IS-FATHER-OF-5-YEAR-OLD/1967905a9826cb5e0b1a199978b1d1b6|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726142035/http://www.aparchive.com/metadata/USA-LOS-ANGELES-COURT-RULES-THAT-IMRAN-KHAN-IS-FATHER-OF-5-YEAR-OLD/1967905a9826cb5e0b1a199978b1d1b6|archive-date=26 July 2018 |access-date=25 November 2024 |website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> He denied paternity, saying he does not live in California or England and welcomes White to Pakistan to present his side in court. He offered to take a [[paternity test]] in Pakistan and said he would accept the decision of the Pakistani courts.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Khan willing to have paternity test in child case|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/khan-willing-to-have-paternity-test-in-child-case-1.97027|date=15 August 1997|archive-date=31 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231092452/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/khan-willing-to-have-paternity-test-in-child-case-1.97027}}</ref> After White's death in 2004, Jemima, his wife and a friend of Sita, was named Tyrian's legal guardian in her will. He said Tyrian could join their family in London, leaving the decision to her due to her relationship with his and Jemima's sons.<ref>{{cite web|date=18 May 2004|title='Grieving daughter welcome to live with us' – Khan|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/arid-30148175.html|website=Irish Examiner|archive-date=24 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124022009/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/arid-30148175.html}}</ref>

In August 1992, he began dating [[Kristiane Backer]], a German MTV host; he introduced her to Islam during their nearly three-year relationship.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dw.com/en/german-tv-stars-tryst-with-islam/a-5214141|title=German TV Star's Tryst With Islam|date=3 July 2009|work=[[DW News]]}}</ref>

Khan and [[Jemima Goldsmith]] confirmed their engagement on 12 May 1995. The couple said they would marry, with him stating Jemima converted to Islam "through her own convictions" after studying the religion. Both families approved of the match. A spokesperson for her father denied rumours that Jemima was pregnant.<ref name="Independent1995">{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/imran-s-big-day-may-jeopardise-his-career-1619387.html |title=Imran's big day may jeopardise his career |first1=Marie |last1=Woolf |first2=Peter |last2=Victor |first3=Raymond |last3=Whitaker |first4=Tim |last4=McGirk |date=13 May 1995 |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> On 16 May 1995, the couple married in a brief two-minute Islamic [[Nikah]] ceremony in Paris. On 21 June, they had a [[civil ceremony]] at the [[Richmond, London|Richmond]] register office before moving to Lahore. They had two sons, Sulaiman Isa and Kasim.<ref>{{cite news|last1=McVeigh|first1=Tracy|title=Jemima Khan: Just don't take her at face value|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2011/apr/10/observer-profile-jemima-khan-wikileaks|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=9 April 2011|access-date=12 March 2025}}</ref> On 22 June 2004, the couple divorced, ending their nine-year marriage as it was "difficult for Jemima to adapt to life in Pakistan."<ref>{{cite news |date=22 June 2004 |title=Imran Khan and Jemima divorce |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3829383.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070826064006/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3829383.stm |archive-date=26 August 2007 |access-date=5 October 2007 |work=[[BBC]] |publisher=}}</ref>

On 8 January 2015, he married British-Pakistani journalist [[Reham Khan]] in a private Nikah ceremony at his Islamabad residence.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1155695|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|title=Imran and Reham Khan tied the knot in Bani Gala|date=8 January 2015|access-date=8 January 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108121954/http://www.dawn.com/news/1155695|archive-date=8 January 2015}}</ref> On 22 October 2015, they announced plans to divorce.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://arynews.tv/en/imran-parts-ways-with-wife-reham-khan/|title=Imran, Reham decide to part ways after 10 months of marriage|work=arynews.tv|date=30 October 2015|access-date=9 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106095135/http://arynews.tv/en/imran-parts-ways-with-wife-reham-khan/|archive-date=6 January 2016}}</ref>

In 2016, media speculated about his possible third marriage, linked to his spiritual ties with the Maneka family of [[Pakpattan]]. Reports claimed he visited Pakpattan several times in July to meet [[Maryam Riaz Wattoo]], sister of his spiritual guide [[Bushra Bibi]]. He dismissed the claims as "absolutely baseless".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1140052|title=Will celebrate publicly when I get married: Imran Khan|date=12 July 2016|work=[[The Express Tribune]]|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225223354/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1140052|url-status=live}}</ref> Members of the Manika family also denied the rumour.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1141594|title=Manika family clears the air on Imran's third marriage|date=14 July 2016|work=[[The Express Tribune]]|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225223349/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1141594|url-status=live}}</ref> He called the media "unethical" for spreading it,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1141095|title=Imran slams media for sharing pictures of women he's 'never met'|date=13 July 2016|work=The Express Tribune|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-date=7 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107064202/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1141095|url-status=live}}</ref> and PTI filed a complaint against the channels involved.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1141206|title=Imran's third marriage: PTI files complaint against media for spreading 'disinformation'|date=13 July 2016|work=[[The Express Tribune]]|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-date=7 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107141443/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1141206|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2017, PTI member [[Ayesha Gulalai]] alleged that he, then party chairman, sexually harassed her.{{sfn|Waseem|2022}} Gulalai said he had sent her "inappropriate text messages",<ref>{{cite news |date=1 August 2017 |title=MNA Ayesha Gulalai quits PTI amid scathing allegations against Imran Khan |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1348958|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref> with the first sent in October 2013.<ref name="ids">{{cite journal |last1=Khan |first1=Ayesha |last2=Yousuf |first2=Zonia |last3=Naqvi |first3=Sana |title=Women Politicians Navigating the 'Hostile Environment' in Pakistan |url=https://bulletin.ids.ac.uk/index.php/idsbo/article/view/3100/3101|journal=IDS Bulletin |access-date=21 September 2025 |language=en |doi=10.19088/1968-2020.129 |date=22 September 2020 |volume=51 |issue=2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan: Woman lawmaker accuses Imran Khan of sending 'obscene' text messages |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/pakistan-pti-lawmaker-ayesha-gulalai-accuses-imran-khan-of-harassing-women-party-leaders/story-CJtab5yD6hPhysSKeMj7XJ.html|website=Hindustan Times |access-date=24 October 2025 |language=en |date=2 August 2017}}</ref> He supported Prime Minister [[Shahid Khaqan Abbasi]]'s proposal for a special committee to investigate the claims. He said he had not sent "indecent messages" to Gulalai and "challenge[d] the [proposed] committee to find [the indecent texts] if there are any".<ref name="probe">{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1349590|title=Imran welcomes PM's decision to form committee to probe Gulalai's allegations|date=4 August 2017|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref> Khan opposed the proposed ethics committee after its composition emerged, calling it unfair for a government formed body, and said an independent panel should first assess the allegations.<ref name="dawn080817">{{cite web |last1=Chaudhry |first1=Fahad |title=PTI rejects 'biased' NA committee set to probe Gulalai's harassment allegations |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1350334 |website=Dawn |access-date=19 December 2025 |language=en |date=8 August 2017}}</ref> He refused to cooperate with the bipartisan committee;<ref name="ids"/> PTI filed a defamation suit against Gulalai,<ref>{{cite news|title=PTI serves legal notice to Ayesha Gulalai: Apologise to Imran or pay Rs30 million|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1472470|newspaper=[[The Express Tribune]]|date=2 August 2017|access-date=25 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|title=Ayesha Gulalai submits response to defamation suit|date=8 February 2017|medium=Online video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDX8XWsqe9M|quote=Newscaster: 'A hearing was held in the defamation suit filed over allegations made by Ayesha Gulalai against Imran Khan. A power of attorney was submitted in court on behalf of Ayesha Gulalai. Details from Arshad Ali. Yes, Arshad Ali, what are the details?'....Arshad Ali: 'Yes, Naveed. Ayesha Gulalai's counsel submitted a power of attorney before the sessions judge. The counsel appeared before the judge and sought more time to file a response. The judge accepted the request and adjourned the hearing until 28 October. The defamation suit was filed by the Tehreek-e-Insaf leader, claiming that Ayesha Gulalai made false statements. The court has been requested to impose a fine of Rs 10 billion on Ayesha Gulalai.'|access-date=21 December 2025|publisher=[[Lahore News]]}}</ref> which ''[[IDS Bulletin]]'' described as filed by Khan himself. No inquiry was ultimately conducted, and Gulalai did not publicly release the alleged messages.<ref name="ids"/>

On 7 January 2018, the PTI central secretariat said he had proposed to Bushra, but she had not yet accepted.<ref>{{cite news|title=Imran Khan has proposed marriage to Bushra Maneka: PTI|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/175680|access-date=7 January 2018|work=geo.tv|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225223349/https://www.geo.tv/latest/175680|url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 February 2018, PTI confirmed he had married Bushra.<ref>{{cite news|title=PTI confirms Imran Khan's marriage with Bushra Maneka|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/182576|access-date=18 February 2018|work=geo.tv|date=18 February 2018|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225223328/https://www.geo.tv/latest/182576|url-status=live}}</ref> The ''[[mufti]]'' who conducted the marriage later testified that his nikah was performed twice. He said the first, on 1 January 2018, occurred while Bushra was still in ''[[iddat]]'', and alleged he believed marrying on that date would help him become prime minister.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2023 |title=Imran married Bushra during Iddat, Mufti tells court |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1747419|access-date=13 May 2023|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|archive-date=13 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513192636/https://www.dawn.com/news/1747419|url-status=live}}</ref>

As of 2018, he owned [[Pets of Imran Khan|five dogs]], including Motu at his [[Bani Gala]] estate.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sheru died years ago: Imran dismisses viral reports|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/189799|access-date=6 August 2018|work=Geo News|archive-date=6 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806085100/https://www.geo.tv/latest/189799|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cricket career ==
[[File:Imran Khan at Sydney University Luncheon, 1984.png|thumb|250px|right|Khan as a test cricketer at a luncheon with [[Sydney University]]'s Vice-Chancellor [[John Manning Ward]] before playing for the university club. Seated: Imran Khan, Chancellor Sir [[Hermann Black]], Coach John Dyson. Ward stands second from left, 1984]]
Khan made his [[First-class cricket|first-class]] debut at 16 in [[Lahore]]. By the early 1970s, he played for local teams: Lahore A,{{efn|From 1969 to 1970}} Lahore B,{{efn|From 1969 to 1970}} Lahore Greens,{{efn|From 1970 to 1971}} and [[Lahore cricket teams|Lahore]].{{efn|From 1970 to 1971}}<ref name="cricket archive">{{cite web |title=Imran Khan |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1383/1383.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115203614/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1383/1383.html |archive-date=15 January 2008 |access-date=5 November 2007|website=[[CricketArchive]]}}</ref> He was part of the University of Oxford Blues Cricket team from 1973 to 1975.<ref name="oxford interview"/> Between 1971 and 1976, Khan played English county cricket for [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]] and also represented Dawood Industries{{efn|From 1975 to 1976}} and [[Pakistan International Airlines cricket team|Pakistan International Airlines]].{{efn|From 1975 to 1976; 1980 and 1981}} From 1983 to 1988, he played for [[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]].<ref name="cricket archive"/>

Khan made his [[Test cricket]] debut against England in June 1971 at [[Edgbaston cricket ground|Edgbaston]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/392043|title=Imran Khan retired from Test cricket on this day: See his top records here|publisher=[[Geo News]]|date=7 January 2022|access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> In August 1974, he played his first [[One Day International]] (ODI) match, again against England, at [[Trent Bridge]] for the Prudential Trophy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://i.imgci.com/db/ARCHIVE/1970S/1974/PAK_IN_ENG/PAK_ENG_PRT_ODI1_31AUG1974.html|title=1st ODI, Pakistan tour of England at Leeds, Aug 31, 1974|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref>

He received the [[The Cricket Society|Wetherell Award]] for leading all-rounder in English first-class cricket in 1976 and 1980.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketsociety.org.uk/pages/21-wetherell-all-rounder|title=The Wetherell Award – English First Class Cricket|website=[[The Cricket Society]]|access-date=7 August 2025}}</ref> By 1977, he was playing in [[Kerry Packer]]'s [[World Series Cricket]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cotter|first1=Belinda|title=Kerry Packer changed the game of cricket with the World Series|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/the-sideline/the-packer-revolution/news-story/18ef12781ed1cd7c5f93f43b64e5061c|work=[[Fox Sports Australia]]|date=18 March 2009|access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref>

[[File:Imran_Khans_bowling_statistic.png|thumb|243x243px|Khan's [[Bowling (cricket)|bowling]] statistics as a cricketer from 1971 to 1991.]]

As a [[Bowler (cricket)|bowler]], Khan learned [[reverse swing]] from [[Sarfraz Nawaz]] and later taught it to [[Wasim Akram]] and [[Waqar Younis]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan cricket's need for speed |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/cricket/pakistan-crickets-need-for-speed-869300.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203214605/https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/cricket/pakistan-crickets-need-for-speed-869300.html |archive-date=3 February 2024 |access-date=3 February 2024 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=19 August 2005 |title=Swing and seam bowling |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/england/4155734.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818160916/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/england/4155734.stm |archive-date=18 August 2018 |access-date=1 September 2018 |work=BBC News}}</ref> From January 1980 to 1988, he took 236 Test [[Dismissal (cricket)|wickets]] at an [[Bowling average|average]] of 17.77, including 18 [[five-wicket haul]]s and five [[10-wicket haul]]s, with statistics comparing favourably with [[Richard Hadlee]], [[Malcolm Marshall]], [[Dennis Lillee]], [[Joel Garner]] and [[Michael Holding]] in both average and [[strike rate]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=A giant among allrounders |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/stats-analysis-imran-khan-484478 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118115732/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/stats-analysis-imran-khan-484478 |archive-date=18 November 2021 |access-date=18 November 2021 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He was the leading Test wicket-taker in 1982.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 January 1970 |title=Records – Most wickets in a calendar year |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/229904.html|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209203854/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/229904.html|archive-date=9 February 2013 |access-date=31 March 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He recorded his best Test figures, taking 8 wickets for 58 [[Run (cricket)|runs]] against [[Sri Lankan cricket team in Pakistan in 1981–82|Sri Lanka in 1981–82]].<ref name="stats2">{{cite web |title=Imran Khan |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/40560.html|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328063822/http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/40560.html|archive-date=28 March 2017 |website=Cricinfo}}</ref>

=== Captaincy ===
In 1982, Khan became captain of the Pakistan national cricket team.<ref name="stats1">{{cite web |title=Pakistan Test Captaincy record |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;groupby=captains;orderby=won;team=7;template=results;type=team|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301141623/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1%3Bfilter%3Dadvanced%3Bgroupby%3Dcaptains%3Borderby%3Dwon%3Bteam%3D7%3Btemplate%3Dresults%3Btype%3Dteam|archive-date=1 March 2017 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref> Under him, Pakistan won their first Test in England in 28 years at [[Lord's]] in 1982.<ref name="English Test win">{{cite news |date=1 May 2001 |title=Imran: Wrong time to tour |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/low/in_depth/2001/england_v_pakistan/1295868.stm|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113015647/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/low/in_depth/2001/england_v_pakistan/1295868.stm|archive-date=13 January 2009 |access-date=5 November 2007 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> In 1983, he was named a [[Wisden Cricketer of the Year]].{{sfn|Wilde|2013}} During [[Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 1982–83|Pakistan's 1982–83 series against India]], he took 40 wickets at an average of 13.95.{{sfn|Oborne|2015|page=299}} In January 1983, he became the second cricketer, after [[Ian Botham]], to score a [[Century (cricket)|century]] and take 10 wickets in a Test.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/382476-first-player-to-score-a-century-and-take-10-wickets-in-a-test-match|title=First player to score a century and take 10 wickets in a Test match|website=[[Guinness World Records]]|access-date=22 March 2025}}</ref> Next month, he reached a Test bowling rating of 922,{{efn|The [[International Cricket Council]] player ratings did not exist at the time; they were calculated retrospectively.}} the highest [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) rating since World War I,{{sfn|Bermange|2020}} and third in all-time ICC Test bowling.<ref>{{cite web |title=ICC Player Rankings |url=http://www.relianceiccrankings.com/alltime/test/bowling/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127012125/http://www.relianceiccrankings.com/alltime/test/bowling|archive-date=27 January 2011 |access-date=9 February 2009 |publisher=ICC}}</ref> He became the first Pakistani bowler to take 200 Test wickets, with ''[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack]]'' noting he "bowled with such venom and fire that no Indian [[batsman]] other than [[Mohinder Amarnath]] faced him with any confidence."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/the-indians-in-pakistan-1982-83-153048|title=The Indians in Pakistan, 1982–83|date=15 April 1984|website=[[ESPN Cricinfo]]}}</ref> The series caused a stress fracture in his left shin, sidelining him over two years. Initially, he could bat but not bowl; later, he could not play at all. An experimental treatment in London, funded by the Pakistani government, helped him recover by late 1984. He returned under [[Javed Miandad]]'s captaincy in the 1984–85 home series against Sri Lanka. Afterward, Miandad stepped down, citing limited co-operation from him, who was then reappointed captain.{{R|Oborne-2015}}

Khan initiated reforms in cricket [[umpire (cricket)|umpiring]] to reduce criticism of Pakistani officials in home series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/cricket-s-turning-points-neutral-umpires-511175|title=Neutral umpires|date=16 April 2011|website=[[ESPN Cricinfo]]|author=S Rajesh}}</ref> Writing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', [[Mike Selvey]] said that "such was his power" that in 1986 he invited Indian umpires [[V. K. Ramaswamy (umpire)|VK Ramaswamy]] and [[Piloo Reporter]] to officiate a [[West Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 1986–87|Test against West Indies]], marking the first step in independent umpiring. He later brought England's [[John Hampshire]] and [[John Holder (umpire)|John Holder]] for the [[Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 1989–90|home series against India in 1989–90]]. This led to the 1994 rule requiring one neutral umpire and the 2002 mandate for both umpires to be independent.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2014/dec/17/neutral-home-umpires-test-cricket|title=Neutral umpires and the declaration of independence in Test cricket|date=17 December 2014|website=[[The Guardian]]|first=Mike|last=Selvey}}</ref>

In 1987, Khan led Pakistan to its first Test series win in India, followed by its first series victory in [[Pakistani cricket team in England in 1987|England]] the same year.<ref name="English Test win" /> He retired from international cricket after the [[1987 Cricket World Cup]].{{sfn|Oborne|2015|page=322}} He was asked to return as captain by [[General Zia-ul-Haq]], and he accepted the offer.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Paracha|first1=Nadeem F.|author-link1=Nadeem F. Paracha|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/777764|title=Cross-batted: Cricketers as politicians|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=10 January 2013|access-date=1 April 2025}}</ref> In 1988, he led Pakistan on a successful West Indies tour.<ref name="2006 profile">{{cite news |last=Adams |first=Tim |date=2 July 2006 |title=The path of Khan |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2006/jul/02/cricket.features3|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830065830/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2006/jul/02/cricket.features3|archive-date=30 August 2013 |access-date=5 November 2007 |work=[[The Guardian]]|location=UK}}</ref> He was named [[Man of the Series]], taking 23 wickets in three Tests.<ref>{{cite web |title=West Indies vs Pakistan, 3rd Test – Pakistan tour of West Indies 1987–88|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pakistan-tour-of-west-indies-1987-88-61494/west-indies-vs-pakistan-3rd-test-63483/live-cricket-score|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=2 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Rajesh|first1=S.|title=A giant among allrounders|url=https://africa.espn.com/cricket/story/_/id/22507448/imran-khan|date=1 January 2000|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=2 April 2025}}</ref> He became the first Asian and eighth non-Australian to win the [[International Cricketer of the Year]] in 1989.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/335291|title=PM Imran Khan shares story of winning International Cricketer of the Year prize in 1989|date=16 February 2021|publisher=[[GEO TV]]}}</ref>

As captain, he led Pakistan in 48 Tests (14 wins, 8 losses, 26 draws) and 139 ODIs (75 wins, 59 losses, 1 tie).<ref name="stats1"/> In Tests, he holds the record for most wickets as captain, second-best [[innings]] figures (8/60), most five-wicket hauls in an innings (12), and most ten-wicket match hauls (4).<ref>{{cite web |title=Bowling records |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?captain=1;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=wickets;template=results;type=bowling|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302124445/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?captain=1%3Bclass%3D1%3Bfilter%3Dadvanced%3Borderby%3Dwickets%3Btemplate%3Dresults%3Btype%3Dbowling|archive-date=2 March 2014 |access-date=1 July 2013 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref>

==== 1992 Cricket World Cup final ====
[[File:Imran Khan at the 1992 Cricket World Cup Ceremony.jpg|left|thumb|Khan presenting the World Cup to the then Prime Minister of Pakistan, [[Nawaz Sharif]], during a dinner held in the team's honour after their win in the 1992 World Cup.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Memon|first1=Ayaz|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/cricket/290718/imran-khan-is-the-epitome-of-excellence.html|title=Imran Khan is the epitome of excellence|publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=28 July 2018|access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref>]]
Khan led Pakistan to victory in the [[1992 Cricket World Cup]].{{sfn|Booth|2019}} In the final, he top-scored with 72 runs.<ref name="sc1">{{cite web|title=Full Scorecard of England vs Pakistan, Final, Benson & Hedges World Cup|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/benson-hedges-world-cup-1991-92-60924/england-vs-pakistan-final-65156/full-scorecard|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=3 April 2025}}</ref> He brought back Wasim Akram in the 35th [[Over (cricket)|over]] after [[Allan Lamb]] and [[Neil Fairbrother]] had added 72 runs. Akram dismissed Lamb and [[Chris Lewis (cricketer)|Chris Lewis]].<ref name="WC">{{Cite web |last=Ramis |first=Mohammad |title=The 1992 World Cup: an ambition fulfilled for Pakistan |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/the-1992-world-cup-an-ambition-fulfilled-for-pakistan-119141 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en|year=2002}}</ref> He claimed the final wicket himself.<ref name="sc1" /> This was Pakistan's first world cup victory.<ref name="WC"/> After the victory, he said,

{{blockquote|text=It was rock-bottom when we lost to South Africa. I told the boys they had to play as if they were cornered tigers. I told them to forget about bowling no-balls and wides, and just go out there and fight.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilkins |first=Phil |date=2022-03-24 |title=From the Archives, 1992: Pakistan on top of the world |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/from-the-archives-1992-pakistan-on-top-of-the-world-20220317-p5a5fa.html |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}</ref>}}

===Retirement===
He played his last Test in January 1992 against Sri Lanka and retired after leading Pakistan to victory in the [[1992 Cricket World Cup final]].<ref name="stats2"/>

===Career stats===
{{See also|List of international cricket five-wicket hauls by Imran Khan}}
He ended his career with 88 Tests, 126 innings, scoring 3,807 runs at an average of 37.69, including six centuries, 18 fifties, and a highest score of 136.<ref name="stats2"/> He had the second-highest all-time Test [[batting (cricket)|batting]] average of 61.86 playing at number six in the [[batting order (cricket)|batting order]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Basevi |first=Travis |date=11 October 2005 |title=Best averages by batting position |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/best-averages-by-batting-position-221606 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013173613/http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/221606.html|archive-date=13 October 2007 |access-date=5 November 2007 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> As a bowler, he took 362 Test wickets.<ref name="stats2"/> He has won the most [[Player of the Series awards (cricket)|Player of the Series awards]] for Pakistan in Test cricket, ranking fourth overall in Test history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/most-player-of-the-series-awards-283469|title=Most Player-of-the-Series awards in Test matches|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|year=2025|access-date=14 April 2025}}</ref> In ODIs, he played 175 matches, scoring 3,709 runs at an average of 33.41, with a highest score of 102 [[not out]].<ref name="stats2"/> His best ODI [[bowling (cricket)|bowling]] was 6 for 14, the highest ODI innings figures recorded by any bowler in a defeat.<ref>{{cite web |title=Records / One-Day Internationals / Bowling records / Best figures in an innings when on the losing side |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283927.html|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725170758/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283927.html|archive-date=25 July 2017 |work=stats.espncricinfo.com}}</ref> He achieved the [[all-rounder]]'s triple—3,000 runs and 300 wickets—in 75 Tests,<ref name="3rd_fastest">{{cite news|last1=Nishant|first1=Shashwat|title=Ravindra Jadeja surpasses Pakistan's Imran Khan for incredible achievement|url=https://www.business-standard.com/cricket/news/ravindra-jadeja-surpasses-pakistan-s-imran-khan-for-incredible-achievement-124100200206_1.html|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=2 October 2024|access-date=15 April 2025}}</ref> becoming among the first four players to reach it. As of 2025, he is one of eleven players to do so,<ref>{{cite web |title=Combined Test match records – All-round career|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=wickets;template=results;type=allround|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|year=2025|access-date=16 April 2025}}</ref> and his 75-Test achievement is the third-fastest ever.<ref name="3rd_fastest"/>

== Post-retirement from cricket ==
After retiring, Khan said he had engaged in [[ball tampering]] during [[county cricket]], saying he "occasionally scratched the side of the ball and lifted the [[quarter seam|seam]]," and defended it by saying it was a commonplace practice.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/field/873457/watch-former-pakistan-skipper-imran-khan-speaking-on-ball-tampering-on-a-tv-show-in-1994|title=Watch: Former Pakistan skipper Imran Khan speaking on ball-tampering on a TV show in 1994|website=Scroll.in|date=27 March 2018|access-date=13 February 2019|archive-date=14 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214002931/https://scroll.in/field/873457/watch-former-pakistan-skipper-imran-khan-speaking-on-ball-tampering-on-a-tv-show-in-1994|url-status=live}}</ref> He announced his return as a domestic league coach in May 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/story/131596.html|title=Imran returns to coaching to boost Pakistan|website=Cricinfo|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=31 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131115117/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/imran-returns-to-coaching-to-boost-pakistan-131596|url-status=live|date=28 May 2003}}</ref>

He occasionally appeared as a cricket commentator on Star TV.<ref name="WP profile">{{cite news |last=Lancaster |first=John |title=A Pakistani Cricket Star's Political Move |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/03/AR2005070301078.html|date=4 July 2005 |access-date=5 November 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604132609/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/03/AR2005070301078.html|archive-date=4 June 2012}}</ref> In 2004, during the Indian cricket team's tour of Pakistan, he appeared as a commentator on [[TEN Sports]]' live show, ''Straight Drive''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ten Sports to play it 'Straight' during Ind-Pak series|url=https://indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/sports/ten-sports-to-play-it-straight-during-ind-pak-series-040302|website=Indiantelevision.com|date=2 March 2004|access-date=7 April 2025}}</ref>

On 23 November 2005, Khan was appointed [[chancellor (education)|chancellor]] of the [[University of Bradford]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2005/nov/23/highereducation.news|title=Imran Khan appointed Bradford chancellor|date=23 November 2005|work=The Guardian|issn=0261-3077|access-date=23 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224035730/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2005/nov/23/highereducation.news|archive-date=24 December 2016}}</ref> In 2009, he was inducted into the [[ICC Cricket Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/hall-of-fame/hall-of-famers/hall-of-famer-imran-khan|title=Hall of Famer: Imran Khan|website=[[International Cricket Council]]|year=2009|access-date=14 April 2025}}</ref> On 26 February 2014, the [[University of Bradford Union]] moved a no-confidence motion to remove him for missing all graduation ceremonies since 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/student/news/bradford-university-defends-former-pakistan-cricket-captain-imran-khan-after-students-demand-he-9152144.html|title=University defends former Pakistan cricket captain Khan|date=25 February 2014|work=The Independent|access-date=23 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224031229/http://www.independent.co.uk/student/news/bradford-university-defends-former-pakistan-cricket-captain-imran-khan-after-students-demand-he-9152144.html|archive-date=24 December 2016}}</ref> On 30 November 2014, he stepped down, citing "increasing political commitments," although it was reported that he effectively resigned under pressure.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/641977|title=Imran made to quit as chancellor of UK University|website=[[The News International]]|date=December 2014 |access-date=23 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224031359/https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/641977|archive-date=24 December 2016}}</ref>

=== Philanthropy ===
Khan served as [[UNICEF]] Special Representative for Sports, promoting health and [[immunisation]] programmes in countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mr Imran Khan's Statement|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|url=http://www.emro.who.int/tfi/wntd2002/WNTD2002Kit-Khan.htm|access-date=5 November 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124200420/http://www.emro.who.int/tfi/wntd2002/WNTD2002Kit-Khan.htm|archive-date=24 January 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=UNICEF and the stars |publisher=unicef.org |url=http://www.unicef.org/sowc96/kstars.htm|access-date=5 November 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215124523/http://www.unicef.org/sowc96/kstars.htm|archive-date=15 December 2007}}</ref> In 1994, he founded Pakistan's first cancer hospital, the [[Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre]], named after his mother,<ref name="times profile">{{cite news |last=Kervin |first=Alison |title=Imran Khan: 'What I do now fulfils me like never before' |work=[[The Sunday Times]]|location=UK |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sport/cricket/article/imran-khan-what-i-do-now-fulfils-me-like-never-before-0slcf0nfzz0|date=6 August 2006|access-date=7 April 2025}}</ref> who had died of cancer.{{sfn|Kamran|2024}} He raised funds by touring the country, with most donations coming from common people.<ref name="times profile"/> He aimed to provide free treatment to underprivileged patients, and as of 2024, 70% of patients receive free care.{{sfn|Kamran|2024}}

[[File:Imran Khan at Pakistan Embassy School, Jeddah.jpg|thumb|Khan fundraising for [[Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre]] in [[Jeddah]], 1992]]

To aid victims of the [[2001 Islamabad cloud burst]], Khan auctioned his signed 1992 Cricket World Cup bat and match sweater; the bat alone fetched US$20,000. He said these were the last items he had, having earlier auctioned the rest for Shaukat Khanum Hospital.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://reuters.screenocean.com/record/178959|title=Pakistan: Cricket bat used by Imran Khan in Pakistan's victorious 1992 World Cup campaign raises 20,000 US dollars for flood victims at auction|website=[[Reuters]]|date=4 August 2001}}</ref>

In December 2005, Khan, then Chancellor of the University of Bradford, signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] to establish [[Namal College]] in [[Mianwali]] as its associate college. Built by the Mianwali Development Trust on land donated by locals, it aimed to tackle unemployment through technical and vocational education.<ref>{{cite news |title=University delegation goes east to establish new College |publisher=[[University of Bradford]]|url=http://www.brad.ac.uk/admin/pr/pressreleases/2006/delegation.php|date=22 February 2006 |access-date=5 November 2007 |archive-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915124809/https://www.brad.ac.uk/admin/pr/pressreleases/2006/delegation.php}}</ref> The college opened in 2008.<ref>{{cite news |title=TI chief plans Knowledge City|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/497161/|date=18 October 2009|access-date=8 April 2025}}</ref>

In 2006, while visiting his children in London, he also worked with the [[Lord's Taverners]] cricket charity.<ref name="times profile"/>

Khan established The Imran Khan Foundation (IKF) in February 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/203770402|title=Imran Khan Foundation|date=9 May 2013 |publisher=[[ProPublica]]|access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref> In January 2013, IKF launched a Rs30 million relief project for [[internally displaced person]]s of the [[Mehsud]] tribe from [[North Waziristan]], providing food, winter essentials, and tents to 2,600 families in [[Tank (city)|Tank]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], who had limited government assistance.<ref>{{cite news|title=Imran Khan Foundation provides relief for ignored Waziristan IDPs|newspaper=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2013%5C01%5C17%5Cstory_17-1-2013_pg7_20|date=17 January 2013|access-date=17 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212042107/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2013%5C01%5C17%5Cstory_17-1-2013_pg7_20|archive-date=12 December 2013}}</ref>

== Political career prior to premiership ==
=== Initial years ===
[[File:Imran in peshawar.jpg|thumb|Khan at a political rally in [[Peshawar]] in 1996]]
In 1987, [[President Zia-ul-Haq]] offered Khan a post in the [[Pakistan Muslim League]] (PML), which he declined. In 1993, he was appointed tourism ambassador in the caretaker government of [[Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi]] for three months until it was dissolved. In late 1994, he joined former [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] chief [[Hamid Gul]] and [[Muhammad Ali Durrani]] of Pasban, a breakaway of [[Jamaat-e-Islami (Pakistan)|Jamaat-e-Islami]], to launch a "pressure group" as a civil society watchdog.<ref name="flamboyant">{{cite web |date=17 August 2018 |title=Imran Khan ─ from flamboyant cricketer to prime minister |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1423231|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|access-date=17 August 2018|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225223326/https://www.dawn.com/news/1423231|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1995, [[Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto]], fearing a military coup that could make him Prime Minister, responded with punitive measures. State television refused to air archival cricket footage and banned fundraising ads for [[Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital]] during [[Ramadan]]. Authorities also planted rumours that he was under investigation for embezzlement and tax irregularities. Donations to the hospital halved that year as a result.<ref name="Tim">{{cite news|author=Tim McGirk|date=14 April 1995|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/imrans-dangerous-new-game-1615722.html|title=Imran's Dangerous New Game|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827142511/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/imrans-dangerous-new-game-1615722.html|archive-date=27 August 2018|quote= She was tiny beside the six-foot-two cricketer (...)|website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref>

On 25 April 1996, he founded the political party [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]] (PTI).{{sfn|Sadiq|2017}} [[Nawaz Sharif]] invited him to join [[PML (N)|his party]], offering second-in-command position and 30 National Assembly seats; he declined.<ref>{{cite news |title=Imran Khan Standing for Election Again |work=The Guardian |location=UK |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/sep/27/pakistan.cricket|date=26 September 2002|access-date=5 November 2007}}</ref> He ran for the National Assembly in the 1997 election from the constituencies — NA-53 Mianwali and NA-94 Lahore — as a PTI candidate but lost both to the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]] (PML (N)).<ref>{{cite web|title=Results election 1997|url=https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/Results%201988%20-%201997/NA.pdf|publisher=[[Election Commission of Pakistan]]|access-date=30 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828225608/https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/Results%201988%20-%201997/NA.pdf|archive-date=28 August 2017}}</ref>

He supported [[General Musharraf]]'s [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/31/imran-khan-acclaim-pakistan|title=Imran Khan laps up acclaim in Pakistan|first=Declan|last=Walsh|work=The Guardian|date=31 October 2011|access-date=6 November 2011|location=London|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214194856/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/31/imran-khan-acclaim-pakistan|archive-date=14 December 2013}}</ref> believing Musharraf would "end corruption and clear out the political mafias."<ref>{{cite news|last=Walsh|first=Declan|title=When you speak out, people react|work=The Guardian|location=UK|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2005/aug/31/cricket.pakistan|date=31 August 2005|access-date=21 July 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829163743/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2005/aug/31/cricket.pakistan|archive-date=29 August 2013}}</ref> His PTI was among the parties that supported [[Pervez Musharraf]] in the [[2002 Pakistani referendum]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/27176|title=Opposition parties may boycott referendum|date=22 March 2002|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|access-date=19 August 2018|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225223329/https://www.dawn.com/news/27176|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2002, Musharraf's principal secretary Tariq Aziz tried to persuade Khan to join a pro-military alliance, but the meeting ended in acrimony, with Aziz telling him, "You will never win your seat now."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/sep/27/pakistan.cricket|title=Undaunted Imran returns to the stump|date=26 September 2002|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|first=Rory|last=McCarthy}}</ref> Khan participated in the [[2002 Pakistani general election]] and said that if his party did not win a majority, they would consider forming a coalition.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/2056431.stm|title=Khan 'optimistic' about Pakistan elections|work=BBC News|date=21 June 2002|access-date=6 November 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830154254/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/2056431.stm|archive-date=30 August 2017}}</ref> He was the only winner from PTI in that election.{{sfn|Jaffrelot|2015}}

[[File:Imran Khan - portrait (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|200px|Khan in 2007]]

On 6 May 2005, [[Hendrik Hertzberg]] described him as "most directly responsible" for drawing attention in the Muslim world to the alleged [[2005 Quran desecration controversy|desecration of the Qur'an]] at [[Guantanamo Bay Naval Base]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/05/30/050530ta_talk_hertzberg|author=Hendrik Hertzberg |author-link=Hendrik Hertzberg |date=30 May 2005 |access-date=19 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113063810/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/05/30/050530ta_talk_hertzberg|title=Big News Week|archive-date=13 November 2007}}</ref>

In August 2005, [[Declan Walsh (journalist)|Declan Walsh]] called him a "miserable politician", saying "Khan's ideas and affiliations since entering politics in 1996 have swerved and skidded like a [[Auto rickshaw|rickshaw]] in a rainshower... He preaches democracy one day but gives a vote to reactionary mullahs the next."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2005/aug/31/cricket.pakistan|title=When you speak out, people react|last=Walsh|first=Delcan|date=31 August 2005|work=The Guardian|location=UK|access-date=21 July 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829163743/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2005/aug/31/cricket.pakistan|archive-date=29 August 2013}}</ref>

In March 2006, he was escorted home by police and placed under [[house arrest]] after threatening to protest against [[President George W. Bush]] during his visit to Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2006-03-04/imran-khan-detained-amid-anti-bush-protests/811460|title=Imran Khan detained amid anti-Bush protests|date=4 March 2006|website=[[ABC Australia]]}}</ref>

[[File:Iktearsoffpapers.jpg|thumb|Khan tearing his nomination paper for the National Assembly at a press conference; he boycotted the 2008 elections.]]

On 2 October 2007, as part of the [[All Parties Democratic Movement]], he joined 85 MPs in resigning from Parliament to protest the [[2007 Pakistani presidential election]], which General Musharraf contested without resigning as army chief.<ref name="resignation">{{cite news |title=Pakistan MPs in election boycott |publisher=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7023424.stm|date=2 October 2007 |access-date=5 November 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112144126/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7023424.stm|archive-date=12 January 2009}}</ref> On 3 November 2007, he was placed under house arrest after Musharraf declared a [[2007 Pakistani state of emergency|state of emergency]]; he later escaped from detention.<ref>{{cite news|title=Imran Khan escapes from house arrest |work=The Times of India |location=India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Imran_Khan_escapes_from_house_arrest/articleshow/2517638.cms|date=5 November 2007 |access-date=5 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106173232/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Imran_Khan_escapes_from_house_arrest/articleshow/2517638.cms|archive-date=6 November 2007}}</ref> He emerged from hiding on 14 November to join a student protest at the [[University of the Punjab]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Page |first=Jeremy |title=Imran Khan comes out of hiding to lead students in street protests |work=The Times |location=UK |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2866163.ece|date=14 November 2007 |access-date=15 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706182507/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2866163.ece|archive-date=6 July 2008}}</ref> At the rally, activists from the [[Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba]], the student wing of Jamaat-e-Islami, restrained him inside a building.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/nov/15/pakistan.declanwalsh|title=Khan arrested under terror laws as Musharraf defends crackdown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301202921/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/nov/15/pakistan.declanwalsh|access-date=1 March 2017|date=14 November 2007|last=Walsh|first=Declan|archive-date=1 March 2017}}</ref> He was arrested during the protest and sent to the [[Central Jail, Dera Ghazi Khan]], where he spent a week before release.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1570106/Imran-Khan-released-from-prison-in-Pakistan.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1570106/Imran-Khan-released-from-prison-in-Pakistan.html|archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Imran Khan released from prison in Pakistan|first1=Isambard |last1=Wilkinson |first2=Matthew|last2=Moore|date=21 November 2007|work=Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

He opposed the 2010 military operation in [[Kala Dhaka]].<ref>{{cite news|date=11 May 2010|title=Imran Khan opposes military action in Kala Dhaka|work=[[The Express Tribune]]|location=Pakistan |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/12392|url-status=live |access-date=11 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006192434/https://tribune.com.pk/story/12392|archive-date=6 October 2013}}</ref>

On 30 October 2011, he addressed over 100,000 supporters at the [[Minar-e-Pakistan]] in [[Lahore]], challenging government policies, and calling his movement "not a flood that is coming, but a tsunami."<ref>{{cite news |title=Imran Khan's 'tsunami' sweeps Lahore |work=[[The Express Tribune]] |location=Pakistan |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/285058|date=30 October 2011 |access-date=10 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429061117/https://tribune.com.pk/story/285058|archive-date=29 April 2012}}</ref> Another gathering of at least 100,000 supporters occurred in [[Karachi]] on 25 December 2011.<ref>{{cite news |title=Imran's dream team wows Karachi|work=[[The Express Tribune]]|location=Pakistan|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/311748|date=25 December 2011 |access-date=10 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509055949/https://tribune.com.pk/story/311748|archive-date=9 May 2012}}</ref>

In August 2012, the [[Pakistani Taliban]] issued death threats to him over his march to their tribal stronghold to protest [[U.S. drone strikes in Pakistan]], calling him a "liberal" and "secular" — terms they equated with being an infidel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/taliban-threaten-to-kill-imran-khan/985961/0|title=Taliban threaten to kill Imran Khan|date=9 August 2012|access-date=9 August 2012|archive-date=28 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228023712/https://indianexpress.com/news/taliban-threaten-to-kill-imran-khan/985961/0|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 October, they withdrew death threats and offered him protection for the rally. They "endorse[d] Imran Khan's plea that drone strikes are against our sovereignty."<ref>{{cite news|title=Pakistan Taliban offers Imran Khan protection|work=The Telegraph|location=UK|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/9579223/Pakistan-Taliban-offers-Imran-Khan-protection.html|date=1 October 2012|access-date=1 October 2012|first=Rob|last=Crilly|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004001644/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/9579223/Pakistan-Taliban-offers-Imran-Khan-protection.html|archive-date=4 October 2012}}</ref> On 6 October, he led a convoy of 10,000 to protest US drone strikes. The convoy was stopped by hundreds of security personnel just miles from [[South Waziristan]]'s border. After an hour of failed negotiations, he announced the rally would return to [[Tank (city)|Tank]], about 15 kilometres away.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/pakistan-drone-imran-khan/24730742.html|title=Antidrone Rally Stopped By Pakistani Army|date=6 October 2012|publisher=[[Radio Free Europe]]}}</ref>

=== 2013 elections ===
[[File:PTI Symbol Elections.png|thumb|left|Khan chose the [[cricket bat]] as the [[electoral symbol]] for his party in the 2013 elections, and it remained as such until 2023]]
On 21 April 2013, Khan launched his election campaign from Lahore, addressing thousands at [[The Mall, Lahore|The Mall]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Imran opens Lahore poll war front|url=https://www.nation.com.pk/21-Apr-2013/imran-opens-lahore-poll-war-front|access-date=18 April 2013|work=The Nation|date=18 April 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421081334/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/national/21-Apr-2013/imran-opens-lahore-poll-war-front|archive-date=21 April 2013}}</ref> He announced he would pull Pakistan from the US-led [[war on terror]] and said he would work to bring peace to the [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas|Pashtun tribal belt]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Covering new ground: Imran Khan to address Karak, DI Khan|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-97771-Will-begin-new-Pakistan-after-three-weeks:-Imran--|access-date=21 April 2013|work=The News International|date=21 April 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424031826/http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-97771-Will-begin-new-Pakistan-after-three-weeks%3A-Imran--|archive-date=24 April 2013}}</ref> He announced that PTI would introduce a uniform education system aimed at providing equal opportunities for all children.<ref>{{cite news|title=Imran Khan vows to release Pakistan from US slavery|url=https://www.nation.com.pk/22-Apr-2013/imran-khan-vows-to-release-pakistan-from-us-slavery|access-date=21 April 2013|work=The Nation|date=22 April 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423061904/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/national/22-Apr-2013/imran-khan-vows-to-release-pakistan-from-us-slavery|archive-date=23 April 2013}}</ref> He concluded his campaign in South Punjab's [[Seraiki belt]] by addressing rallies in various cities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Election trail: Imran Khan wraps up campaign in Seraiki belt|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/541131|access-date=26 April 2013|work=[[The Express Tribune]]|date=27 April 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130428143620/https://tribune.com.pk/story/541131|archive-date=28 April 2013}}</ref>

On 7 May, four days before the elections, he fell from a lifter while boarding a stage at a rally, sustaining head injuries,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dawn.com/2013/05/07/imran-injured-after-rally-stage-fall/|title=Imran falls off stage at Lahore rally; sustains serious injuries|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=8 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508043050/http://dawn.com/2013/05/07/imran-injured-after-rally-stage-fall/|archive-date=8 May 2013}}</ref> and four fractured vertebrae.<ref name="VM">{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/104bbd3c-5712-11e5-9846-de406ccb37f2|title=Politician and cricket legend Imran Khan in his Islamabad mansion|date=17 September 2015|first=Victor|last=Mallet|newspaper=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref> He ended the campaign by addressing a rally in Islamabad via [[video link]] from his hospital bed.<ref>{{cite news|title=Imran Khan's emotional appeal from hospital bed|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/imran-khan-s-emotional-appeal-from-hospital-bed-364970|access-date=10 May 2013|work=[[NDTV]]|date=10 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510003533/http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/imran-khan-s-emotional-appeal-from-hospital-bed-364970|archive-date=10 May 2013}}</ref>

The [[2013 Pakistani general election]] was held on 11 May. The PML (N), headed by Nawaz Sharif, won, while he alleged vote-rigging.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/05/12/world/asia/pakistan-election/index.html|title=Amid violence and vote-rigging complaints, Pakistan elects new leaders|author1=Laura Smith-Spark|author2=Saima Mohsin|author3=Aliza Kassim|date=12 May 2013|publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> The day after the elections, [[Asad Umar]], a leader from his party, announced that Khan had conceded defeat to PML (N).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/547893|title=PTI concedes defeat in Pakistan elections|work=[[The Express Tribune]]|date=12 May 2013|access-date=12 May 2013|quote=Pakistani politician and cricket star Imran Khan early on Sunday conceded defeat to the rival Pakistan Muslim League-N in historic general elections senior party leader Asad Umar said.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607044620/https://tribune.com.pk/story/547893|archive-date=7 June 2013}}</ref> While his party welcomed the vote, he pledged to release a [[white paper]] on alleged rigging and announced plans for protests.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-05-12/imran-khan-welcomes-pakistan-vote-but-alleges-rigging/4684760|title=Khan welcomes Pakistan vote but alleges rigging|date=12 May 2013|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)]]}}</ref>

His party became the leading party in the [[Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/548459|title=Imran's tsunami: Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa lives up to tradition|work=[[The Express Tribune]]|date=12 May 2013|access-date=12 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609110528/https://tribune.com.pk/story/548459|archive-date=9 June 2013}}</ref> He nominated [[Pervez Khattak]] to lead his party's first provincial government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Ismail |date=4 February 2024 |title=Pervez Khattak — a 'candidate' for all seasons |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1811006|access-date=15 December 2024|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|language=en}}</ref>

=== In opposition ===
{{See also|Inqilab March}}
Khan became PTI's parliamentary leader in the National Assembly after the 2013 elections.<ref name="Noria Research">{{cite web|last1=Mufti|first1=Mariam|url=https://noria-research.com/south-asia/south-asia-5-pakistan-tehrik-e-insaaf/|title=Pakistan Tehrik-e-Insaaf: New Phenomenon or Continuation of the Political Status Quo?|website=Noria Research|date=22 October 2016|access-date=22 April 2025}}</ref> On 31 July 2013, he received a contempt-of-court notice for allegedly describing the superior judiciary as "shameful."<ref>{{cite news|title=Supreme Court issues contempt notice to Imran Khan|url=http://dawn.com/news/1033227|access-date=1 August 2013|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=1 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801010237/http://dawn.com/news/1033227|archive-date=1 August 2013}}</ref> The notice was discharged after he told the Supreme Court that his criticism targeted lower-court judicial officers serving as returning officers during the elections.<ref>{{cite news|title=SC discharges contempt of court notice against Imran Khan|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/596339|access-date=19 December 2024|work=[[The Express Tribune]]|date=28 August 2013}}</ref>

[[File:Secretary Kerry Meets With Pakistani Party President Imran Khan.jpg|thumb|Khan meets U.S. Secretary of State [[John Kerry]] in August 2013 while he was in opposition]]

He was criticised for supporting [[Sami-ul-Haq]], described as the "Father of the Taliban," and funding his seminary, [[Darul Uloom Haqqania]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/father-of-the-taliban-killed-in-pakistan/a-46135892|title='Father of the Taliban' killed in Pakistan|date=2 November 2018|work=Deutsche Welle|access-date=16 May 2022|archive-date=16 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516113256/https://www.dw.com/en/father-of-the-taliban-killed-in-pakistan/a-46135892|url-status=live}}</ref> He accused the US of undermining peace with the Pakistani Taliban by killing its leader [[Hakimullah Mehsud]] in a drone strike in 2013. He announced plans for protests and to block [[NATO logistics in the Afghan War|NATO's supply lines to Afghanistan]] if drone attacks, which he said "fanned fanaticism," continued.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-24838682|title=Hakimullah Mehsud: Imran Khan seeks Nato blockade over killing|date=6 November 2013|work=BBC News|access-date=24 August 2018|archive-date=11 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011013322/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-24838682|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 11 May 2014, a year after the elections, he demanded the resignation of all [[Election Commission of Pakistan]] (ECP) members, a new ECP, and strict punishment for those who "stole the mandate of the masses."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-30285-Imran-demands-new-ECP-resignation-of-its-members|title=Imran demands new ECP, resignation of its members|website=[[The News International]]|date=12 May 2014|access-date=15 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819091319/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-30285-Imran-demands-new-ECP-resignation-of-its-members|archive-date=19 August 2014}}</ref> On 14 August 2014, he led [[2014 Tsunami March|a rally]] from Lahore to Islamabad, demanding Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif's resignation and an investigation into alleged electoral fraud.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/748978|title=Destination Islamabad: Azadi march takes off|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817200918/https://tribune.com.pk/story/748978|date=15 August 2014|author=Anwer Sumra|work=[[The Express Tribune]]|access-date=16 August 2014|archive-date=17 August 2014}}</ref> He and Canadian-Pakistani cleric [[Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri]] formed a "de facto" alliance to mobilise supporters for a regime-change campaign against Sharif.{{sfn|Naseemullah|Chhibber|2024}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/08/pakistan-set-decisive-day-protests-2014828640256887.html|title=Pakistan set for 'decisive' day of protests|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|access-date=9 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106095135/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/08/pakistan-set-decisive-day-protests-2014828640256887.html|archive-date=6 January 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Pakistanprotests2014.webm|thumb|[[Voice of America]] reports on Khan-led protest, August 2014]]

In 2014, then-PTI president [[Javed Hashmi]] alleged Khan was instructed by the army to coordinate his protests with [[Pakistan Awami Tehreek]] (PAT).<ref name="Noria Research"/> Hashmi accused him of being "influenced by a 'signal' from outside," which ''The New York Times'' called "an apparent reference to military intervention."<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Masood |first1=Salman |last2=Walsh |first2=Declan |date=2014-08-31 |title=Pakistani Army Calls for Calm After Protest Turns Deadly |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/01/world/asia/pakistani-unrest.html |access-date=2025-05-15 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The [[Inter-Services Public Relations]] said it backed neither PTI nor PAT. The army acted as mediator between the protesters and the government.<ref name="ISPR2014">{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1129011|title=Islamabad stand-off: Army not backing PTI or PAT, says ISPR|date=31 August 2014|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref> In 2016, Hashmi said Khan had "conspired" with "disgruntled elements in the army".<ref name="Dawn2017">{{Cite web |date=2017-01-01 |title=Hashmi says Imran conspired with 'disgruntled elements in the army' during 2014 sit-in |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1305784/hashmi-says-imran-conspired-with-disgruntled-elements-in-the-army-during-2014-sit-in|access-date=2025-05-15 |website=DAWN |language=en}}</ref> In the ''Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Pakistan'', Aparna Pande, a Research Fellow at the [[Hudson Institute]], writes that parts of the army backed the protests; Khan was advised by then ISI chief [[Zaheer-ul-Islam]], and the ISI drafted Qadri to lead them.{{sfn|Pande|2017}}

On 1 September, protesters led by Qadri and him attempted to storm Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif's official residence, triggering violence that left three dead and over 595 injured, including 115 police officers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/09/pakistan-anti-pm-protesters-storm-state-broad-201491132720191166.html|title=Anti-PM protesters storm Pakistan broadcaster|author=Asad Hashim|work=aljazeera.com|access-date=9 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106095135/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/09/pakistan-anti-pm-protesters-storm-state-broad-201491132720191166.html|archive-date=6 January 2016}}</ref> PTI and PAT protesters also stormed state-run [[Pakistan Television|PTV]], assaulting staff.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/01/pakistan-protesters-prime-minister-nawaz-sharif-islamabad|title=Pakistani protesters force state TV station off air|date=1 September 2014|quote=Many demonstrators, who appeared mostly to be members of Qadri's Pakistan Awami Tehreek (PAT), brandished sticks while some seized weapons from security staff.}}</ref> Later in September, he urged supporters to burn electricity bills and join [[civil disobedience]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/764714|title=Civil disobedience: Imran, supporters burn electricity bills at sit-in|date=20 September 2014|newspaper=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref> Following the [[2014 Peshawar school massacre]], he ended his 126-day sit-in on 17 December for national unity.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/808784|title=For a national cause: PTI calls off dharna after 126 days|author=Qamar Zaman|date=17 December 2014|website=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref>

In March 2015, his party agreed with the [[Third Nawaz Sharif government|Sharif administration]] to form a judicial commission to probe electoral fraud, a move facilitated by Army Chief [[General Raheel Sharif]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2015/03/23/national/pti-pml-n-come-together-in-national-interest/|title=PTI, PML-N come together in 'national interest'|work=pakistantoday.com.pk|access-date=9 January 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106095135/http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2015/03/23/national/pti-pml-n-come-together-in-national-interest/|archive-date=6 January 2016}}</ref> In July, the commission found the elections broadly fair with no systemic rigging.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Haider|first1=Irfan|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1195875|title=JC finds 2013 elections 'fair and in accordance with law'|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=23 July 2015|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref> He accepted the commission's findings but said he had not received a copy.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1195870|title=Imran Khan accepts findings of judicial commission report|last1=Haider|first1=Irfan|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=23 July 2015|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref>

He campaigned against Sharif after the [[Panama Papers]] leak in 2016, leading protests and calling for his resignation over corruption allegations.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 November 2016 |title=Pakistan: Supreme Court hears Panama leaks case |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/11/pakistan-supreme-court-hears-panama-leaks-case-161101080340730.html |access-date=24 January 2017 |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref>

=== 2018 elections campaign ===
[[File:Imran Khan in Sindh, 2017.jpg|thumb|Khan campaigns for the elections in [[Sindh]] while wearing a traditional [[Sindhi cap]] and [[Ajrak]] in 2017|239x239px]]
Khan contested the [[2018 Pakistani general election]] from [[NA-35 (Bannu)]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecp.gov.pk/ConstResult.aspx?Const_Id=NA-35&type=NA&Election_ID=10070&Election=GENERAL+ELECTION+25+JUL+2018|title=ECP – Election Commission of Pakistan|website=www.ecp.gov.pk|access-date=24 August 2018}}</ref> [[NA-53 (Islamabad-II)]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecp.gov.pk/ConstResult.aspx?Const_Id=NA-53&type=NA&Election_ID=10070&Election=GENERAL+ELECTION+25+JUL+2018|title=ECP – Election Commission of Pakistan|website=www.ecp.gov.pk|access-date=29 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729222455/https://www.ecp.gov.pk/ConstResult.aspx?Const_Id=NA-53&type=NA&Election_ID=10070&Election=GENERAL+ELECTION+25+JUL+2018|archive-date=29 July 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[NA-95 (Mianwali-I)]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecp.gov.pk/ConstResult.aspx?Const_Id=NA-95&type=NA&Election_ID=10070&Election=GENERAL+ELECTION+25+JUL+2018|title=ECP – Election Commission of Pakistan|website=www.ecp.gov.pk|access-date=11 August 2018|archive-date=11 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811064401/https://www.ecp.gov.pk/ConstResult.aspx?Const_Id=NA-95&type=NA&Election_ID=10070&Election=GENERAL+ELECTION+25+JUL+2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[NA-122 Lahore-VI#Election 2018|NA-131 (Lahore-IX)]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecp.gov.pk/ConstResult.aspx?Const_Id=NA-131&type=NA&Election_ID=10070&Election=GENERAL+ELECTION+25+JUL+2018|title=ECP – Election Commission of Pakistan|website=www.ecp.gov.pk|access-date=3 September 2018|archive-date=3 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903233313/https://www.ecp.gov.pk/ConstResult.aspx?Const_Id=NA-131&type=NA&Election_ID=10070&Election=GENERAL+ELECTION+25+JUL+2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[NA-243 (Karachi East-II)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecp.gov.pk/ConstResult.aspx?Const_Id=NA-243&type=NA&Election_ID=10070&Election=GENERAL+ELECTION+25+JUL+2018|title=ECP – Election Commission of Pakistan|website=www.ecp.gov.pk|access-date=3 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803185919/https://www.ecp.gov.pk/ConstResult.aspx?Const_Id=NA-243&type=NA&Election_ID=10070&Election=GENERAL+ELECTION+25+JUL+2018|archive-date=3 August 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> He became the first in Pakistan elections history to contest and win all five constituencies, surpassing [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]], who contested four and won three in 1970.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://epaper.brecorder.com/2018/07/27/1-page/729916-news.html|title=Imran makes history by winning 5 NA seats|date=27 July 2018|newspaper=[[Business Recorder]]|access-date=28 July 2018|archive-date=28 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728131537/https://epaper.brecorder.com/2018/07/27/1-page/729916-news.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Opposition parties alleged "massive rigging" and military influence in his favour.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/07/26/asia/pakistan-polls-close-intl/index.html |title=Imran Khan claims victory in disputed Pakistan election |last1=Wilkinson |first1=Bard |last2=Saifi |first2=Sophia |last3=Westcott |first3=Ben |website=cnn.com |date=26 July 2018 |access-date=6 August 2018 |archive-date=31 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731004303/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/07/26/asia/pakistan-polls-close-intl/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Nawaz Sharif]] and [[PML (N)]] alleged that the military aligned with the judiciary affected the election outcome in his favour.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/pakistans-army-yet-again-takes-on-the-wrong-fight/articleshow/65008467.cms|title=Nawaz Sharif: Pakistan's army yet again takes on the wrong fight|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=16 July 2018 |access-date=16 July 2018|archive-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813063212/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/pakistans-army-yet-again-takes-on-the-wrong-fight/articleshow/65008467.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The Election Commission rejected the allegations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1766411|title=ECP rejects political parties' claim of 'rigging' on election day|work=[[The Express Tribune]]|date=25 July 2018|access-date=26 July 2018|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226144627/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1766411|url-status=live}}</ref> Two days after the 2018 elections, [[Michael Gahler]], chief observer of the European Union Election Observation Mission to Pakistan, said the overall situation of the election was satisfactory.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1422911|title=EU mission terms election satisfactory, calls it better than 2013|date=26 July 2018|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|access-date=27 July 2018|archive-date=27 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727014742/https://www.dawn.com/news/1422911|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Nominations and appointments ====
On 6 August 2018, his party nominated him for prime minister.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/206277|title=PTI formally nominates Imran Khan as prime minister candidate|website=Geo.tv|date=6 August 2018|access-date=6 August 2018|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226144651/https://www.geo.tv/amp/206277%20|url-status=live}}</ref> He designated [[Asad Umar]] as finance minister for his prospective government.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofislamabad.com/04-Aug-2018/in-a-surprise-pti-finance-minister-designate-asad-umer-hits-out-at-america|title=In a surprise, PTI Finance Minister designate Asad Umer hits out at America|date=4 August 2018|newspaper=Times of Islamabad|access-date=11 August 2018|archive-date=11 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811200417/https://timesofislamabad.com/04-Aug-2018/in-a-surprise-pti-finance-minister-designate-asad-umer-hits-out-at-america|url-status=live}}</ref> He nominated [[Mahmood Khan]] for [[Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1776208|title=PTI chief nominates ex-sports minister Mehmood Khan for K–P CM post|date=8 August 2018|work=[[The Express Tribune]]|access-date=11 August 2018|archive-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813041742/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1776208|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Usman Buzdar]] for [[Chief Minister of Punjab (Pakistan)|Chief Minister of Punjab]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/207826|title=Imran nominates Sardar Usman Buzdar as CM Punjab|website=Geo.tv|date=17 August 2018|access-date=18 August 2018|archive-date=17 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817205223/https://www.geo.tv/207826|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]], he directed his party to back the [[Balochistan Awami Party]], which nominated [[Jam Kamal Khan]] as chief minister and [[Abdul Quddus Bizenjo]] as speaker.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nation.com.pk/10-Aug-2018/jam-kamal-named-balochistan-cm|title=Jam Kamal named Balochistan CM|date=10 August 2018|website=nation.com.pk|access-date=12 August 2018|archive-date=11 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811160543/https://nation.com.pk/10-Aug-2018/jam-kamal-named-balochistan-cm|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Prime Minister (2018–2022) ==
{{Main|Premiership of Imran Khan}}

{{See also|First 100 days of Imran Khan's premiership|Imran Khan government}}
[[File:Imran Khan oath as Prime Minister.jpg|thumb|right|Khan (left) is sworn in as Prime Minister, with President [[Mamnoon Hussain]] administering [[Oath of office ceremony of Imran Khan|the oath of office in 2018]].]]
Khan was sworn in as the 22nd Prime Minister of Pakistan on 18 August 2018 after his party, [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]] (PTI), won the 2018 election.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/207654|title=Imran Khan elected prime minister, vows not to spare the corrupt|work=[[Geo News]]|date=17 August 2018|access-date=17 August 2018|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225223400/https://www.geo.tv/latest/207654|url-status=live}}</ref> He initially held the [[Ministry of Interior (Pakistan)|Ministry of Interior]] portfolio after forming his cabinet.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1427792|title=PM Imran Khan finalises names of 21-member cabinet|date=18 August 2018|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|access-date=19 August 2018|archive-date=6 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106085842/https://www.dawn.com/news/amp/1427792|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Domestic policy===
==== Economy ====
[[File:President Trump at Davos (49421741106).jpg|thumb|Khan, accompanied by his finance minister [[Abdul Hafeez Shaikh]] and other cabinet members, meets US President [[Donald Trump]] and his secretary of commerce [[Wilbur Ross]], among others, at the [[World Economic Forum]] held in [[Davos]], Switzerland, in 2020|left]]

On taking office, he cut spending by reducing PM staff from 524 to 2,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/imran-khan-pakistan-tax-rich-prime-minister-servants-cabinet-swearing-in-a8499591.html|title=Imran Khan sheds hundreds of servants and says Pakistan's elite must pay tax as his first cabinet is sworn in|first=Adam|last=Withnall|date=20 August 2018|website=The Independent|archive-date=1 January 2025|access-date=1 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101221120/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/imran-khan-pakistan-tax-rich-prime-minister-servants-cabinet-swearing-in-a8499591.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and auctioning eight buffaloes and 61 luxury vehicles previously acquired for the PM's office.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/459007|title=All eight buffaloes of PM House sold at auction|date=27 September 2018|website=Dunya News|archive-date=25 December 2024|access-date=1 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225222804/https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/459007|url-status=live}}</ref> According to ''[[BBC]]'', he was criticised for using a helicopter to commute while promoting austerity.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-09-17 |title=Pakistan bidders flock to PM Imran Khan's car auction |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-45554753 |access-date=2024-11-19 |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC]] |archive-date=2025-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101222623/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-45554753 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In June 2020, ''[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]'' said that his popularity was falling, citing what it described as a weak economy, inflation, and corruption probes involving his aides.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 June 2020 |title=Army Tightens Grip on Pakistan as Imran Khan's Popularity Wanes |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-09/army-tightens-grip-on-pakistan-as-imran-khan-s-popularity-wanes |access-date=5 November 2024 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |language=en |archive-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205204607/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-09/army-tightens-grip-on-pakistan-as-imran-khan-s-popularity-wanes |url-status=live }}</ref>

Pakistan faced a worsening [[Pakistani economic crisis (2021–2024)|economic crisis]] near the end of his term.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shahzad |first=Asif |date=28 March 2022 |title=No-confidence motion moved in Pakistan parliament in bid to remove PM Khan |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/no-confidence-motion-pakistani-pm-khan-presented-parliament-speaker-2022-03-28/|access-date=11 February 2026 |website=Reuters}}</ref> After his no-confidence, economist [[Atif Mian]] said Khan inherited a bad economy and left it worse, adding there was "zero increase in average income" with Pakistan still in a [[balance of payments]] crisis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PM inherited bad economy, but leaves it in even worse shape: Atif Mian |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/410598-imran-khan-bad-economy-atif-mian |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=www.geo.tv |date=10 April 2022 |language=en |archive-date=2024-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241111023416/https://www.geo.tv/latest/410598-imran-khan-bad-economy-atif-mian |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Environment and energy ====
In July 2018, then Chief Justice of Pakistan, [[Saqib Nisar]], launched a fundraiser for the construction of the [[Diamer-Bhasha Dam]] and [[Mohmand Dam]].<ref name="DF">{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2447905|title=Dams fund has Rs 17.86b, Senate told|date=25 November 2023|newspaper=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref> Khan urged overseas Pakistanis to support Nisar's fundraiser.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1431520|title=Prime Minister Imran Khan calls on overseas Pakistanis to donate to dams fund|date=7 September 2018|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref>
As of November 2023, the dams fund was Rs17.86 billion.<ref name="DF"/>

In September 2018, Khan launched the [[Plant for Pakistan]] programme.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-09-01|title='Plant for Pakistan' campaign kicks off across the country|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1793014/1-plant-pakistan-drive-kicks-off-tomorrow/|access-date=2018-09-15|work=[[The Express Tribune]]|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902234540/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1793014/1-plant-pakistan-drive-kicks-off-tomorrow/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2020, Khan attended the signing ceremony for the $2.5 billion [[Kohala Hydropower Project]] (1,124 MW).<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2020 |title=Hydel electricity generation increased by 20pc in FY20 to highest ever level, says Asad Umar |url=https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2020/07/06/hydel-electricity-generation-increased-by-20pc-in-fy20-to-highest-ever-level-says-asad-umar/|access-date=13 July 2024 |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625181853/https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2020/07/06/hydel-electricity-generation-increased-by-20pc-in-fy20-to-highest-ever-level-says-asad-umar/|url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2020, he announced the establishment of 15 [[List of national parks of Pakistan|national parks]] under the [[Protected areas of Pakistan|Protected Areas Initiative]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2020 |title=PM Imran announces 15 national parks as part of 'Protective Areas Initiative' |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/2252957/pm-imran-announces-15-national-parks-as-part-of-protective-areas-initiative |access-date=24 October 2020 |website=The Express Tribune |archive-date=2 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702212824/https://tribune.com.pk/story/2252957/pm-imran-announces-15-national-parks-as-part-of-protective-areas-initiative |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2020, he announced at the Climate Ambition Summit that Pakistan would scrap two coal projects (2,600 MW) and set a target of 60% renewable energy by 2030.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/south-central-asia_pakistan-decides-against-new-coal-fired-power/6199512.html|title=Pakistan Decides Against New Coal-fired Power|website=VOA|date=12 December 2020 }}</ref>

==== Military appointments ====
[[File:Imran Khan – Qanar Javed Bajwa.jpg|thumb|Imran Khan, accompanied by foreign minister [[Shah Mehmood Qureshi]] and Chief of Army Staff [[Qamar Javed Bajwa]]]]
In 2018, he appointed Lt. General [[Asim Munir]] as [[Director-General of Inter-Services Intelligence]] (DG-ISI),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1822407|title=Lt Gen Asim Munir named as new ISI chief|work=The Express Tribune|date=10 October 2018|access-date=31 January 2024|archive-date=8 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208185816/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1822407|url-status=live}}</ref> who was replaced the following year by Lieutenant General [[Faiz Hameed]].<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/05/21/khan/|title=The quiet Pakistan general waging war against Imran Khan|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=21 May 2023|access-date=8 December 2024|author=Ben Farmer|archive-date=8 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208195631/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/05/21/khan/|url-status=live}}</ref> That same year, Khan approved an extension of General [[Qamar Javed Bajwa]]'s tenure as Chief of Army Staff.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.isas.nus.edu.sg/papers/pakistans-new-chief-of-army-staff-challenges-for-general-asim-munir/|title=Pakistan's New Chief of Army Staff: Challenges for General Asim Munir|last1=Kaura|first1=Vinay|date=9 December 2022|institution=[[Institute of South Asian Studies]], [[National University of Singapore]]|access-date=6 January 2026}}</ref> At the time, he described Bajwa as a balanced personality who was fully committed to democracy, calling him the "best army chief".<ref>{{cite news|title=PM Imran 'proud' of Gen Bajwa, calls him 'best army chief': report|url=https://www.geo.tv/amp/257829-pm-imran-says-he-is-proud-of-gen-bajwa-terms-him-best-army-chief|work=Geo TV|publisher=[[Geo News]]|date=22 November 2019|access-date=14 January 2026}}</ref> In 2021, Khan appointed [[Zaheer Ahmad Babar]] as Chief of Air Staff.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/pakistan-gets-new-air-force-chief/2179320|title=Pakistan gets new air force chief|date=17 March 2021|website=[[Anadolu Agency]]}}</ref>

In November 2022, Khan said he had offered Bajwa a second extension in March that year amid a [[No-confidence motion against Imran Khan|no-confidence move against his government]]. According to ISI chief Lt Gen [[Nadeem Anjum]], Bajwa rejected that offer.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pakistan ex-PM Imran admits he offered extension to Army chief Bajwa|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/pakistan-ex-pm-imran-admits-he-offered-extension-to-army-chief-bajwa/article66065442.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=3 November 2022|access-date=13 January 2026}}</ref> In December 2022, Khan said he had committed a "big mistake" by extending Bajwa's tenure in 2019.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Malik|first1=Mansoor|title=Imran says his offer for talks 'misread'|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1724600|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=4 December 2022|access-date=13 January 2026}}</ref>

==== Press freedom ====
In 2019, the Interior Ministry investigated individuals and groups, including journalists, who posted images of the [[Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi|murdered]] Saudi journalist [[Jamal Khashoggi]] on social media during [[Mohammad Bin Salman]]'s visit to Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ali|first=Kalbe|title=Probe into social media criticism on VVIP visit revived|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1472503|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=29 March 2019|access-date=21 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-01|title=Six Pakistani journalists investigated for posting Khashoggi photos online|url=https://rsf.org/en/six-pakistani-journalists-investigated-posting-khashoggi-photos-online|access-date=2024-12-06|language=en|publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]|archive-date=2025-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114153108/https://rsf.org/en/six-pakistani-journalists-investigated-posting-khashoggi-photos-online|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2021, the [[International Press Institute]] sent an open letter to Khan, citing "grave concerns" over the proposed Pakistan Media Development Authority (PMDA) ordinance.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[International Press Institute]]|date=2021-12-07|title=The state of media freedom in Pakistan|url=https://ipi.media/the-state-of-media-freedom-in-pakistan/|access-date=2024-12-05|language=en-US|archive-date=2025-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114153109/https://ipi.media/the-state-of-media-freedom-in-pakistan/|url-status=live}}</ref> A [[Pakistan Press Foundation]] report said that he, without providing evidence, referred to journalists as "mafias" and "blackmailers".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022|title=Press Freedom in Pakistan 2021–22: Attacks, legislation, rhetoric and trolling — A media under pressure|url=https://www.pakistanpressfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/PressFreedomReport.pdf|website=[[Pakistan Press Foundation]]|quote=Under the PTI-led government, journalists became the target of senior political leadership. Imran Khan, as prime minister, himself referred to journalists as mafias and blackmailers without any evidence to back such claims up.|page=6|access-date=3 February 2025}}</ref>

==== Accountability ====
During the 2020 sugar price surge, Khan ordered an inquiry that implicated government and opposition figures and documented widespread wrongdoing in the sugar industry.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1615646|title=FIA books Jahangir Tareen, son for fraud and money laundering|date=31 March 2021|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|author=Wasim Riaz}}</ref> In December 2020, Khan said he wanted [[Nawaz Sharif]] extradited from London to Pakistan to face trial in the [[Panama Papers case]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 December 2020 |title=Pakistan starts legal process for ex-PM Sharif's extradition |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/pakistan-starts-legal-process-for-expm-sharifs-extradition-nawaz-sharif-extradition-treaty-pakistan-imran-khan-extradition-b1776333.html |access-date=18 November 2024 |work=[[The Independent]]|quote=Pakistan's information minister said Friday that Islamabad has started the legal process to reach an extradition treaty with Britain that would pave the way for the U.K. to hand over former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. ... Khan has said he wants Sharif brought back to Pakistan for trial.}}</ref> In 2021, after the ''[[Pandora Papers]]'' revealed some of his ministers' offshore holdings, he said any wrongdoing was their "individual acts and they will have to be held accountable". The [[ICIJ]] said the documents "contain no suggestion that Khan himself owns offshore companies". Asked about two companies at a similar address, he said he had no link and added that two houses in the same neighbourhood share the address.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gibbs|first1=Margot|last2=Politzer|first2=Malia|title=Prime Minister Imran Khan promised 'new Pakistan' but members of his inner circle secretly moved millions offshore|date=3 October 2021|url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/pandora-papers/pakistan-imran-khan-prime-minister-allies-offshore/|website=[[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]]|access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref>

The 2022 Cabinet Division yearbook said the Assets Recovery Unit (ARU), established by Khan, helped agencies recover Rs426.4 billion, which was Rs93.9 billion more than total recoveries from 2000 to 2017. The ARU supports law enforcement agencies and does not recover assets directly.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1692263|title=PTI govt's ARU recovered Rs426bn in last 3 years, Cabinet Division documents reveal|date=30 May 2022|first=Tahir|last=Sherani|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref>

In 2023, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' reported that Lt. General [[Asim Munir]] proposed an investigation into corruption allegations involving Khan's wife, Bushra Bibi, during Khan's tenure in June 2019. Shortly afterward, Munir was removed as [[Director-General of Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI). Khan said Munir's proposed investigation was not the reason for his removal.<ref name="Telegraph"/>

==== Social policy ====
{{further|Sehat Sahulat Program}}
[[File:Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur3.jpg|thumb|[[Gurdwara Darbar Sahib]] renovated by Khan's government]]

Khan inaugurated the [[Kartarpur Corridor]] on 9 November 2019, providing visa-free access for [[Indian Sikh]] pilgrims.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1516197|title=PML-N opposes, PPP supports Kartarpur Corridor initiative in NA|date=12 November 2019|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref>

In September 2020, Khan expressed support for [[public hanging]] and [[chemical castration]] for [[sex offenders]], but said public hanging would be unacceptable internationally and harm trade, so he suggested chemical castration instead.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/16/asia/imran-khan-chemical-castration-rapists-intl/index.html|title=Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan calls for chemical castration of those convicted of rape|first=Adeel|last=Raja|work=[[CNN]]|date=16 September 2020}}</ref> The [[Council of Islamic Ideology]] deemed chemical castration un-Islamic, so the punishment was removed from an anti-rape law that was passed in late 2021.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/pakistan-drops-un-islamic-chemical-castration-as-penalty-for-rapists-/6320005.html|title=Pakistan Drops 'Un-Islamic' Chemical Castration as Penalty for Rapists|first=Ayaz|last=Gul|date=19 November 2021|work=[[VOA News]]}}</ref>

In December 2020, educationist [[Michael Barber (educationist)|Michael Barber]] called the [[Ehsaas Programme]] his flagship initiative, praising its transparency, multi-sectoral approach, and initiatives like ''Ehsaas Kafaalat'' and ''Nashonuma''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Qureshi |first=Raiq |date=2020-12-10 |title=Ehsaas becomes a global model for reducing poverty, Sir Michael Babar report says |url=https://www.app.com.pk/national/ehsaas-becomes-a-global-model-for-reducing-poverty-sir-michael-babar-report-says/ |access-date=2020-12-27 |website=Associated Press Of Pakistan |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117223008/https://www.app.com.pk/national/ehsaas-becomes-a-global-model-for-reducing-poverty-sir-michael-babar-report-says/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In June 2021, Khan drew criticism when he suggested that the rise in rape cases in Pakistan was linked to women wearing "very few clothes," claiming that such behavior would "have an impact on the men unless they are robots." This comment was criticised by women's rights groups, accusing him of being a "rape apologist."<ref>{{cite news |date=25 June 2021 |title=Outrage after Pakistan PM Imran Khan blames rape crisis on women |work=The Guardian|first=Soofia|last=Tariq |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/25/outrage-after-pakistan-pm-imran-khan-blames-crisis-on-women}}</ref> Khan later said the rapist is always solely responsible, the victim never is, and his earlier comments were taken out of context.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/28/us-really-messed-up-in-afghanistan-pakistan-pm-khan|title=Pakistan PM Imran Khan says never blamed rape victims|date=28 July 2021|work=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref>

====COVID-19 pandemic====
{{further|Corona Relief Tiger Force}}
[[File:Prime Minister Imran Khan calls for global debt relief, April 2020.webm|thumb|Prime Minister Khan calls for global debt relief amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, April 2020]]
On 17 March 2020, Khan addressed the nation for the first time regarding [[COVID-19 in Pakistan]]. He ruled out a complete lockdown, citing extreme poverty.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1541689|title=PM Imran tells nation to prepare for a coronavirus epidemic, rules out lockdown|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=17 March 2020|access-date=16 March 2025}}</ref> After he ruled out a lockdown again on 22 March 2020, the Pakistan Army took action at the request of the provinces, imposing a nationwide lockdown within 24 hours.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/as-coronavirus-crisis-ravages-pakistan-military-trumps-imran-khan/articleshow/75385589.cms|title=As Coronavirus Crisis Ravages Pakistan, Military Trumps Imran Khan|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 April 2020|access-date=3 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.idsa.in/publisher/issuebrief/pakistans-fight-against-covid-19-analysing-delivery-deficiencies/|title=Pakistan's Fight Against COVID-19: Analysing Delivery Deficiencies|date=10 April 2020|work=[[Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses]]|access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> Analyst [[Ayesha Siddiqa]] said he appeared confused and reliant on a military that made key decisions without him.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Siddiqa|first=Ayesha|date=27 March 2020|title=Coronavirus crisis makes it clear who is calling the shots in Pakistan—Military, of course|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/coronavirus-crisis-makes-it-clear-who-is-calling-the-shots-in-pakistan-military-of-course/389232/|access-date=5 November 2024|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|archive-date=10 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910172030/https://theprint.in/opinion/coronavirus-crisis-makes-it-clear-who-is-calling-the-shots-in-pakistan-military-of-course/389232/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Khan elevated the status of the construction sector to that of an industry and provided incentives such as tax breaks, sales tax reduction in coordination with provinces, and a subsidy of Rs30 billion to the [[Naya Pakistan Housing & Development Authority]]. He said that investors in the industry would not be asked about their source of income for the year and removed withholding tax for all construction sectors except cement and steel. Additionally, capital gains tax was withdrawn for homeowners selling houses.<ref name="incentives">{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1546154|title=PM Imran announces incentives for construction sector, elevates it to industry|date=3 April 2020|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref>

Khan launched Pakistan's largest welfare programme,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/coronavirus-pandemic-04-09-20#h_cb489db5166406849663f419393cc5d8|title=Pakistan rolls out largest social assistance program in nation's history to tackle Covid-19|first1=Ben|last1=Westcott|first2=Julia|last2=Hollingsworth|first3=Adam|last3=Renton|first4=Jack|last4=Guy|first5=Meg|last5=Wagner|first6=Mike|last6=Hayes|date=9 April 2020|website=CNN|access-date=13 July 2024|archive-date=29 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029004717/https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/coronavirus-pandemic-04-09-20/h_cb489db5166406849663f419393cc5d8|url-status=live}}</ref> distributing a lump sum of Rs12,000 to 10 million low-income citizens under the [[Ehsaas Programme]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1544105|title=10m people with low income to get Rs12,000 stipend in lump sum|date=27 March 2020|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref>

Khan also adopted a ''smart lockdown'' strategy, which used military technology for tracking and tracing COVID-19 cases, targeting specific virus hotspots instead of implementing a nationwide lockdown.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/terror-and-security/pakistan-uses-military-spy-technology-track-covid-19-cases/|title=Pakistan uses military spy technology to track Covid-19 cases|date=25 April 2020|website=The Telegraph|archive-date=13 August 2024|access-date=31 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813205324/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/terror-and-security/pakistan-uses-military-spy-technology-track-covid-19-cases/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/pakistan-seals-virus-hot-spots-new-lockdown-strategy-aims-minimise/|title=Pakistan seals off virus 'hot-spots' in new lockdown strategy that aims to minimise economic damage|author=Ben Farmer|date=16 June 2020|website=The Telegraph|archive-date=16 June 2020|access-date=31 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616144515/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/pakistan-seals-virus-hot-spots-new-lockdown-strategy-aims-minimise/|url-status=live}}</ref> He said that strict lockdowns would devastate Pakistan's economy and lead to starvation.<ref name="npr">{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/04/14/831753354|title=Pakistan Has A Plan To Keep Millions From Going Hungry During Shutdown. Will It Work?|date=14 April 2020|website=NPR}}</ref>

Khan called for debt relief for developing nations during the pandemic, a proposal that gained support from the United Nations and several African countries.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/more-countries-follow-imran-khan-s-lead-in-calling-for-debt-relief-34889|title=More countries follow Imran Khan's lead in calling for debt relief|year=2020|website=[[TRT World]]|first=Saad|last=Hasan}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/589888|title=UN supports PM Imran Khan's call for global initiative on debt relief|first=Ali|last=Ahmed|date=16 April 2020|website=[[Brecorder]]}}</ref>

=== Foreign policy ===
{{see also|List of international prime ministerial trips made by Imran Khan}}
[[File:President Trump Meets with the Prime Minister of Pakistan (48374480366).jpg|thumb|Khan with US President [[Donald Trump]] at the [[White House]], July 2019]]
President Donald Trump tweeted in November 2018 that he would cut billions in aid to Pakistan, saying it had not done "a damn thing for us." Khan responded that U.S. aid was a "minuscule" $20 billion, while Pakistan had lost 75,000 lives and over $123 billion fighting the "US [[war on terror]]." Khan also said that Pakistan had provided supply routes to U.S. forces, asking, "Can Mr Trump name another ally that gave such sacrifices?"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/19/trump-pakistan-twitter-osama-bin-laden-1005556|title=Trump and Pakistani leader face off on Twitter|date=19 November 2018|website=Politico|archive-date=21 September 2024|access-date=14 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921105121/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/19/trump-pakistan-twitter-osama-bin-laden-1005556|url-status=live}}</ref> He later told the US that Pakistan would no longer act as its "hired gun."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/pakistani-leader-to-the-us-were-not-your-hired-gun-anymore/2018/12/06/e138790c-f8a5-11e8-863c-9e2f864d47e7_story.html|title=Pakistani leader to the U.S.: We're not your 'hired gun' anymore|date=6 December 2018|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-date=2 December 2023|access-date=14 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202124055/http://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/pakistani-leader-to-the-us-were-not-your-hired-gun-anymore/2018/12/06/e138790c-f8a5-11e8-863c-9e2f864d47e7_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

After the [[2019 Pulwama attack]] in [[Indian-held Kashmir]], India blamed Pakistan. Khan said Pakistan was not involved in the attack and authorised the military to respond with force to any Indian aggression.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/2/21/pakistans-imran-khan-approves-military-response-if-india-attacks|title=Pakistan's Imran Khan approves military response if India attacks|date=21 February 2019|website=Al Jazeera|archive-date=14 January 2025|access-date=14 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114020924/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/2/21/pakistans-imran-khan-approves-military-response-if-india-attacks|url-status=live}}</ref> After India's [[2019 Balakot airstrike]], Pakistan carried out [[Operation Swift Retort]], during which Indian pilot [[Abhinandan Varthaman]] was captured and later released on his order as a gesture aimed at de-escalation.<ref>{{cite news |date=28 February 2019 |title=Imran Khan Says Pakistan Will Release Indian Pilot, Seizing Publicity in Showdown |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/28/world/asia/pakistan-india-pilot-kashmir.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114020924/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/28/world/asia/pakistan-india-pilot-kashmir.html |archive-date=14 January 2025 |access-date=14 January 2025 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Khan declined to engage with India after the August 2019 [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir]], and twice denied permission for [[Narendra Modi]]'s flight to cross Pakistani airspace.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2021 |title=Pakistan ready to talk with India if it restores Kashmir's autonomy: PM Imran |url=https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/604682|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210062207/https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/604682|archive-date=10 December 2024 |access-date=24 September 2024 |website=Dunya News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Asghar |first=Mohammad |date=19 September 2019 |title=Pakistan denies use of airspace to Modi |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1506013|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref>

Khan supported Turkey during the [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2019 |title=PM Imran assures Erdogan of Pakistan's support, solidarity over Turkey's Syria operation |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1510278 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428023755/https://www.dawn.com/news/amp/1510278|archive-date=28 April 2021 |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=Dawn}}</ref> He supported the [[Afghan peace process]] and facilitated trade by inaugurating a [[Torkham border crossing|24/7 border crossing]] with Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2020 |title=UN report warns TTP, JUA target Pakistan from Afghan bases |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2256755|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730224810/https://tribune.com.pk/story/2256755|archive-date=30 July 2020 |access-date=24 October 2020 |website=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref> In 2019, he was named in the ''[[Time 100]]'' list of most influential people.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Rashid |first=Ahmed |date=2019 |title=Imran Khan |url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2019/5567764/imran-khan/|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920094022/https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2019/5567764/imran-khan/ |archive-date=20 September 2020 |access-date=27 May 2022 |magazine=Time}}</ref> In June 2020, addressing the National Assembly of Pakistan, he called Osama bin Laden a ''shaheed'' (martyr), drawing opposition criticism.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53190199|title=Imran Khan criticised after calling Osama Bin Laden a 'martyr'|date=26 June 2020|work=[[BBC]]}}</ref> His visit to Saudi Arabia aimed to address tensions arising from Pakistan's decision not to support the [[Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 April 2015 |title=Yemen conflict: Pakistan rebuffs Saudi coalition call |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32246547 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603091503/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32246547 |archive-date=3 June 2024 |access-date=13 July 2024 |work=BBC News}}</ref>

[[File:Vladimir Putin and Imran Khan (2022-02-24) 01.jpg|thumb|Khan met with Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] in Moscow just hours after [[Russia's invasion of Ukraine]] began.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 March 2022 |title=Western-Led Pressure Grows on Pakistan to Condemn Russia's Invasion of Ukraine |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/western-led-pressure-grows-on-pakistan-to-condemn-russia-s-invasion-of-ukraine/6465104.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322095858/https://www.voanews.com/a/western-led-pressure-grows-on-pakistan-to-condemn-russia-s-invasion-of-ukraine/6465104.html|archive-date=22 March 2022 |access-date=13 July 2024 |work=VOA News}}</ref>]]

In February 2022, Khan became the first Pakistani prime minister in two decades to visit Moscow to discuss economic and energy cooperation. A video showed him saying, "What a time I have come...so much excitement," which coincided with the start of the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]. The visit was criticised by the United States.<ref>{{cite news |date=24 February 2022 |title=Pakistan PM reaches Moscow amid invasion: 'What a time I have come, so much excitement' |url=https://www.the-independent.com/asia/south-asia/pakistan-moscow-imran-khan-prime-minister-b2022105.html|website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=25 February 2022 |title=Why Imran Khan's Russia trip will further isolate Pakistan |url=https://www.dw.com/en/ukraine-crisis-why-imran-khans-russia-trip-will-further-isolate-pakistan/a-60916130 |website=[[DW News]]}}</ref> Khan discussed "economic and energy cooperation" with Russian president Vladimir Putin, including development of the [[Pakistan Stream gas pipeline]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2022 |title=In the midst of Ukraine crisis, Pakistan seeks 'multi-dimensional relationship' with Russia as Imran Khan meet Putin |url=https://www.southasiamonitor.org/pakistan/midst-ukraine-crisis-pakistan-seeks-multi-dimensional-relationship-russia-imran-khan-meet |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=South Asia Monitor}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hashim |first=Asad |title=Pakistani PM Khan meets Putin amid Ukraine invasion |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/25/pakistan-imran-putin-russia-ukraine-invasion |access-date=3 April 2022 |website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> Khan said the visit was pre-planned and was intended to maintain neutrality in global alliances.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2022 |title=Pak PM Imran Khan to visit Russia soon, 2 mega gas pipeline projects on agenda |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2022/feb/17/pak-pm-imran-khan-to-visit-russia-soon-2-mega-gas-pipeline-projects-on-agenda-2420687.html|access-date=19 July 2022 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> At a UN General Assembly emergency session, Pakistan abstained from condemning Russia, with him calling for de-escalation and respect for international law.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2022 |title=At UN, Pakistan refuses to condemn Russia |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2346053|access-date=30 November 2022 |website=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref> He expressed criticism of [[Western world|Western]] envoys who urged Pakistan to support the UN resolution.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 March 2022 |title=Pakistani premier hits out at Western envoys' joint letter on Russia |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/pakistani-premier-hits-out-western-envoys-joint-letter-russia-2022-03-06/|access-date=30 November 2022 |work=Reuters}}</ref> After his ouster, Khan said the visit had secured offers of discounted oil and wheat. The Russian ambassador said no formal agreements were signed.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 June 2022 |title=No MoU signed on wheat and oil with Imran Khan's govt, says Russian ambassador |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/422109|publisher=[[Geo News]]}}</ref>

==== FATF compliance ====
In June 2022, two months after his ouster, [[FATF]] removed Pakistan from the grey list, citing completion of the 2018 and 2021 action plans.<ref>{{cite press release |title=FATF acknowledges completion of Pakistan's Action Plans and authorizes an on-site visit |date=17 June 2022 |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)]]|url=https://mofa.gov.pk/fatf-acknowledges-completion-of-pakistans-action-plans-and-authorizes-an-on-site-visit}}</ref> Khan attributed the outcome to his government, especially former energy minister [[Hammad Azhar]], who led the FATF Coordination Committee.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 June 2022 |title=Imran Khan hails Hammad Azhar's efforts for FATF progress |url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/40180772|website=[[Brecorder]]}}</ref> The [[First Shehbaz Sharif government]] also said that it deserved credit, while ''[[The Express Tribune]]'' said Khan's government had "done most of the work."<ref name="NH">{{cite news |author=Naveed Hussain |date=19 June 2022 |title=Situationer: Who deserves credit for Pakistan's near-exit from FATF 'grey list'? |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2362316|website=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref>

==== Stance regarding Islamophobia ====
{{main|International Day to Combat Islamophobia}}

[[File:UN should declare an 'International Day to Combat Islamophobia - Prime Minister Imran Khan at UNGA.webm|thumb|right|While addressing the [[Seventy-fifth session of the United Nations General Assembly]] in 2020, Prime Minister Khan suggested an international day to combat Islamophobia.<ref>{{cite news |date=25 September 2020 |title=Prime Minister Imran Khan of Pakistan warns of rising Islamophobia |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/09/1073782|access-date=18 April 2022 |website=un.news.org |publisher=UN News}}</ref>]]

In September 2019, Khan, along with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, announced an English-language TV channel to address [[Islamophobia]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Latif |first=Aamir |date=26 September 2019 |title=Turkey, Pakistan, Malaysia unite to fight Islamophobia |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/turkey-pakistan-malaysia-unite-to-fight-islamophobia/1594471 |agency=[[Anadolu Agency]]}}</ref> In October 2020, Khan objected to the spread of Islamophobia, urging Facebook to ban related content and accusing French President Emmanuel Macron of attacking Islam for supporting cartoons of [[Prophet Muhammad]].<ref>{{cite news |date=25 October 2020 |title=Pakistani PM asks Facebook CEO to ban Islamophobic content |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-facebook/pakistani-pm-asks-facebook-ceo-to-ban-islamophobic-content-idUSKBN27A0UK?rpc=401& |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113175923/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-facebook/pakistani-pm-asks-facebook-ceo-to-ban-islamophobic-content-idUSKBN27A0UK?rpc=401& |archive-date=13 November 2020 |access-date=25 October 2020 |website=Reuters}}</ref> In 2021, Khan called on Muslim countries to press [[Western world|the West]] to criminalise insults against Prophet Muhammad, likening it to laws against [[Holocaust denial]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep42808.7|title=A New Era of Sectarian Violence in Pakistan |date=2022-09-05 |publisher=International Crisis Group |pages=8–14 |chapter=Barelvi Sectarian Violence |access-date=20 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720210840/https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep42808.7|archive-date=20 July 2023 |url-status=live |jstor=resrep42808.7}}</ref> He said, "We need to explain why this hurts us, when in the name of freedom of speech they insult the honour of the prophet... when 50 Muslim countries will unite and say this, and say that if something like this happens in any country, then we will launch a trade boycott on them and not buy their goods, that will have an effect."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hashim |first1=Asad |date=19 April 2021 |title=Pakistan PM calls for West to criminalise blasphemy against Islam |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/19/pakistan-pm-calls-for-west-to-criminalise-blasphemy-against-islam |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816185741/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/19/pakistan-pm-calls-for-west-to-criminalise-blasphemy-against-islam |archive-date=16 August 2023 |access-date=16 August 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> In March 2022, Pakistan led a UN resolution to designate 15 March as the [[International Day to Combat Islamophobia]].<ref>{{cite news |year=2022 |title=UN declares March 15 International Day to Combat Islamophobia |url=https://www.trtworld.com/life/un-declares-march-15-international-day-to-combat-islamophobia-55542 |publisher=[[TRT World]]}}</ref>

===Removal from office===
{{further|2022 Pakistani constitutional crisis|No-confidence motion against Imran Khan}}
In August 2023, ''[[The Intercept]]'' published leaked [[Cypher No. I-0678]] showing that, on 7 March 2022, US State Department officials, including [[Donald Lu]], raised concern over his stance on the Russian invasion of Ukraine. According to the cipher, as reported by Pakistan's ambassador, the U.S. said that "all will be forgiven in Washington" if he was removed in the no-confidence motion and indicated the possibility of economic and political isolation if he stayed. After publication, the U.S. denied trying to remove him, saying its concerns were about policy, not leadership.<ref name=voa-20230809>{{cite news |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/purported-text-of-secret-cable-shows-us-ire-at-imran-khan-/7219123.html |title=Purported Text of Secret Cable Shows US Ire at Imran Khan |last1=Zaman |first1=Sarah |last2=Saine |first2=Cindy |publisher=Voice of America |date=9 August 2023 |access-date=12 August 2023 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811231700/https://www.voanews.com/a/purported-text-of-secret-cable-shows-us-ire-at-imran-khan-/7219123.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 8 March 2022, opposition parties filed a no-confidence motion against him, alleging economic mismanagement such as — rising inflation, high debt, a weakening currency —and foreign policy.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shahzad |first=Asif |date=8 March 2022 |title=Pakistani opposition moves no-confidence motion to seek PM Khan's ouster |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/pakistani-opposition-rallies-press-pm-khan-resign-2022-03-08/ |access-date=4 April 2022 |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327210211/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/pakistani-opposition-rallies-press-pm-khan-resign-2022-03-08/ |url-status=live}}</ref> By 18 March, some party members had defected and two coalition partners joined the opposition, causing him to lose his National Assembly majority.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1682104|title=PM Imran says 'foreign-funded conspiracy' out to topple his govt, claims to have evidence in writing|date=27 March 2022|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|archive-date=13 April 2022|access-date=4 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413105752/https://www.dawn.com/news/1682104|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="aj180322">{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/18/pakistan-mps-defect-pm-imran-khan-pti-party-no-confidence-vote|title=Several Pakistan MPs defect from PM's party before no-trust vote|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=18 March 2022|archive-date=13 June 2024|access-date=4 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613172541/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/18/pakistan-mps-defect-pm-imran-khan-pti-party-no-confidence-vote|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 27 March, he showed the cipher at a rally, alleging foreign interference and US involvement in his removal.<ref>{{cite news |title=Copy of cipher 'missing' from PM House records, cabinet told |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1712744|work=Dawn |date=30 September 2022 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |access-date=13 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222102424/https://www.dawn.com/news/1712744|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[National Security Council (Pakistan)|National Security Council]] (NSC) also expressed concerns about foreign interference.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1682723|title=NSC decides to issue strong demarche to unnamed country over 'threat letter'|date=31 March 2022|first=Sanaullah|last=Khan|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|archive-date=12 May 2022|access-date=4 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512135545/https://www.dawn.com/news/1682723|url-status=live}}</ref> On 3 April 2022, President [[Arif Alvi]], acting on his advice, dissolved the National Assembly after the Deputy Speaker rejected the no-confidence motion. The opposition called the rejection "unconstitutional" and petitioned the Supreme Court.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 April 2022 |title=Denotified Imran Khan to continue till caretaker Pakistan prime minister is appointed |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/pakistan-imran-khan-pti-removed-prime-minister-cabinet-notification-1933075-2022-04-03 |archive-date=2022-04-04 |access-date=2025-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404105324/https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/pakistan-imran-khan-pti-removed-prime-minister-cabinet-notification-1933075-2022-04-03 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 10 April, he sent the cipher to the Supreme Court, despite legal warnings about potential breaches of constitutional oaths and the [[Official Secrets Act (Pakistan)|Official Secrets Act]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Malik |first1=Hasnaat |title=Imran Khan sends diplomatic cypher to CJP |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2351864|work=[[The Express Tribune]] |date=10 April 2022 |archive-date=28 August 2022 |access-date=13 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828044605/https://tribune.com.pk/story/2351864|url-status=live}}</ref> He was ousted after a Supreme Court ruling on 10 April deemed the rejection of the no-confidence motion illegal, with the vote passing to remove him, making him the first Pakistani PM ousted by no-confidence.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chaudhry|first=Fahad|date=9 April 2022|title=Imran Khan loses no-trust vote, prime ministerial term set for unceremonious end|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1684168|access-date=26 December 2024|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|archive-date=13 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413200934/https://www.dawn.com/news/1684168|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-61055210|title=Imran Khan ousted as Pakistan's PM after key vote|work=[[BBC News]]|date=9 April 2022|archive-date=29 October 2022|access-date=13 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221029005748/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-61055210|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Post-premiership ==
{{See also|2022–2025 Pakistan political unrest}}
After his removal, Khan again alleged US involvement, stating that the US opposed his foreign policy that strengthened ties with China and Russia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Protests in Pakistan over Khan's removal, Sharif set to be new PM |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/11/imran-khan-removal-as-pm-triggers-protests-across-pakistan |access-date=14 April 2022 |work=www.aljazeera.com |date=11 April 2022 |quote=Khan has claimed the US worked behind the scenes to bring him down, purportedly because of Washington's displeasure over his independent foreign policy choices, which often favour China and Russia. |archive-date=13 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413230830/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/11/imran-khan-removal-as-pm-triggers-protests-across-pakistan |url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2022, when asked about the alleged conspiracy to remove him, he said it was "behind me" and said he wanted Pakistan to maintain good relations with all countries, particularly the United States. He said, "The Pakistan I want to lead must have good relationships with everyone, especially the United States. Our relationship with the US has been as of a master-servant relationship, or a master-slave relationship, and we've been used like a hired gun. But for that I blame my own governments more than the US."<ref>{{cite news |title=Imran Khan seeks to repair ties with US; says cipher conspiracy is over |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/1009606-imran-khan-seeks-to-repair-ties-with-us-after-cypher-conspiracy |work=The News International |date=13 November 2022 |archive-date=21 June 2023 |access-date=13 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621103539/https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/1009606-imran-khan-seeks-to-repair-ties-with-us-after-cypher-conspiracy |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Misogynistic remark===
In a 2022 speech, Khan referenced a clip of [[Maryam Nawaz]] repeatedly mentioning him. He said: "Someone sent me a clip on social media of Maryam's speech...she took my name so many times and with so much passion...Maryam, please be careful, your husband might get upset." According to ''[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]'', his remarks followed her repeated tirades against him and [[Bushra Bibi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1690700/|title='No defence' for Imran's misogynistic remark about Maryam Nawaz|first=Sumaira|last=Jajja|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=21 May 2022|access-date=22 August 2025}}</ref> The [[Human Rights Commission of Pakistan]] condemned Khan's remarks, saying they "plumbed the depths of [[misogyny]]" and demanded an apology to Maryam and all women.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/imran-khan-owes-apology-not-just-to-maryam-but-to-all-women-pak-rights-group/articleshow/91707763.cms|title=Imran Khan Owes Apology Not Just To Maryam But To All Women: Pak Rights Group|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 May 2022|access-date=23 September 2025}}</ref>

=== Legal matters (2022–present) ===
{{further|Arrest of Imran Khan|Imprisonment of Imran Khan|2023 Pakistani protests}}
The [[First Shehbaz Sharif government]] filed the [[Toshakhana reference cases against Imran Khan and Bushra Bibi|Toshakhana case against Khan]] in August 2022, alleging he failed to disclose official gifts and their sale proceeds to the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP),<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2022 |title=Toshakhana reference: ECP disqualifies PTI chief Imran Khan |url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/40204406|access-date=17 November 2022 |website=Brecorder}}</ref> and did not declare the proceeds for tax purposes.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/imran-khan-sentenced-to-14-years-in-prison-in-toshakhana-case-1419023|title=Imran Khan sentenced to 14 years in prison in 'Toshakhana' case|date=31 January 2024|first=Danyal|last=Rasool|website=[[ESPN Cricinfo]]}}</ref>

Khan reportedly retained 58 gifts, 14 valued over Rs 14,000 each. On 8 September, he rejected the allegations and asked the ECP to dismiss the case, saying all purchases were lawfully declared in his tax returns and wealth statements. Hearings were delayed as his legal team sought extensions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/40196255|title=Reply submitted to ECP: Imran Khan denies foul play on Toshakhana items|date=8 September 2022|website=Brecorder|author=Sardar Sikander Shaheen}}</ref>

On 21 October 2022, the ECP disqualified Khan under [[Article 62 and 63|Article 63(1)(p) of the Constitution]], ruling he submitted a false statement and incorrect asset declaration for 2020–21. A four-member bench unanimously found he had misled officials about Toshakhana gifts and ordered criminal proceedings under the [[Election Act, 2017]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2022 |title=Imran disqualified |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2382771|access-date=17 November 2022 |work=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref>

[[File:Imran Khan, 14 July 2023.webm|thumb|right|Khan provides his perspective on the [[May 9 riots]] in July 2023.]]
Following an arrest warrant from the district and sessions court in Islamabad, the Islamabad Police and Lahore Police moved to arrest Khan on 14 March 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hussain |first=Abid |title=Tear gas fired outside ex-PM Imran Khan's residence in Pakistan|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/14/tear-gas-water-cannons-fired-outside-ex-pakistan-pms-residence |access-date=16 March 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> On 9 May, he was arrested at the Islamabad High Court in connection with the [[Al-Qadir Trust case]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burney |first=Umer |date=9 May 2023 |title=Imran Khan arrested from outside IHC in Al-Qadir Trust case |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1751782|access-date=9 May 2023 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref> The case alleges that Khan and his wife, Bushra, received land worth billions from [[Malik Riaz]] in exchange for a deal that caused the national exchequer to lose Rs50 billion (£190 million).<ref>{{cite web |date=9 May 2023 |title=What is the story behind the Al-Qadir trust case that Imran Khan has been arrested for? |url=https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2023/05/09/what-is-the-story-behind-the-al-qadir-trust-case-that-imran-khan-has-been-arrested-for/|newspaper=[[Pakistan Today]]|access-date=23 May 2023 |archive-date=23 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523224504/https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2023/05/09/what-is-the-story-behind-the-al-qadir-trust-case-that-imran-khan-has-been-arrested-for/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The funds, recovered by the UK's [[National Crime Agency]], were meant for the national treasury but were used to pay fines on Riaz for acquiring government land below market rates. The couple, sole trustees of the [[Al-Qadir Trust]], are accused of benefiting, including acquiring 458 [[Kanal (unit)|kanals]] for [[Al-Qadir University]] in [[Jhelum]].<ref name="fp">{{cite news|title=Explained: The Al-Qadir Trust case in which Imran Khan has received 14 years in prison|url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/al-qadir-trust-case-in-which-imran-khan-received-14-years-prison-13853811.html|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=17 January 2025|access-date=17 January 2025}}</ref>

His arrest triggered the [[May 9 riots]], with PTI supporters allegedly attacking military and government installations.<ref>{{cite web |title=May 9 riots 'mastermind' Imran Khan to be tried in military court: Rana Sanaullah |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/490237|work=Geo News|date=30 May 2023|access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref> The Supreme Court of Pakistan declared the arrest illegal, citing the violation of judicial sanctity by paramilitary forces.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fraser|first1=Simon|last2=Davies|first2=Caroline|title=Imran Khan: Pakistan's Supreme Court rules arrest was illegal|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-65561807|work=[[BBC News]]|date=11 May 2023|access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref> On 12 May, he received protective bail, which barred re-arrest on the same charges for two weeks.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 May 2023 |title=Imran Khan leaves court after being granted bail |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-65571796 |access-date=13 May 2023}}</ref>

On 5 August 2023, he was arrested again and sentenced to three years after being found guilty of misusing his premiership to buy and sell state gifts received abroad, valued over 140 million [[Pakistani rupees|rupees]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan's Imran Khan sentenced to three years in prison, arrested |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/5/pakistan-court-sentences-ex-pm-imran-khan-to-3-years-in-prison-state-tv |access-date=17 December 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> On 29 August 2023, an appeals court suspended his corruption conviction and prison term, granting him bail.<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 August 2023|title=Pakistani court suspends former Prime Minister Imran Khan's conviction, sentencing|work=Fox News|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/pakistani-court-suspends-former-prime-minister-imran-khans-conviction-sentencing|access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref> A special court ordered that he remain in jail in the [[Cypher No. I-0678#Lawsuit|cypher case]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hussain |first=Abid |title=Despite bail order, Imran Khan remains in jail over 'cypher case' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/29/despite-bail-order-imran-khan-remains-in-jail-over-cypher-case|date=29 August 2023|access-date=17 December 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> in which he was accused of leaking state secrets and violating the [[Official Secrets Act (Pakistan)|Official Secrets Act]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan court indicts jailed ex-PM Imran Khan in state secrets case |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/13/pakistan-court-indicts-jailed-ex-pm-imran-khan-in-state-secrets-case |access-date=17 December 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> Since then, he has been held in [[Adiala Jail]] in [[Rawalpindi]], where the special court conducts his trial.<ref name="BBC-68138591" />

In August 2023, following the Supreme Court's order on his complaint regarding detention conditions, the government said that his meals included bread, omelette, curd, tea, fruits, vegetables, pulses, rice, and [[Organic food|desi]] mutton cooked in [[ghee]], and that his cell was cleaned daily.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/world/story/imran-khan-being-served-desi-mutton-cooked-in-ghee-provided-muslim-shower-and-branded-commode-official-tells-sc-395996-2023-08-28|title=Imran Khan being served desi mutton cooked in ghee, provided Muslim shower and branded commode: Official tells SC|publisher=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]|date=28 August 2023|access-date=6 October 2024}}</ref>

On 30 January 2024, he was convicted in the cypher case and sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment.<ref name="BBC-68138591" /> He said the charges were politically motivated.<ref name="BBC-68138591">{{cite news |title=Imran Khan: Pakistan former PM jailed for 10 years in state secrets case |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-68138591 |access-date=30 January 2024 |agency=BBC News |date=30 January 2024}}</ref> The next day, he was convicted and sentenced to 14 years in the Toshakhana case for unlawfully selling state gifts received by him and his wife, Bushra, as prime minister.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shahid |first1=Ariba |last2=Shahzad |first2=Asif |date=31 January 2024 |title=Pakistan ex-PM Imran Khan jailed for 14 years a day after 10-year sentence |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/pakistan-ex-pm-imran-khan-sentenced-14-years-state-gifts-case-dawn-2024-01-31/ |access-date=2 February 2024 |website=Reuters}}</ref> The sentence was suspended on 1 April, pending a court decision after [[Muslim holidays|Eid]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/1/pakistan-court-suspends-imran-khans-prison-sentence-in-state-gifts-case |title=Pakistan court suspends Imran Khan's prison sentence in state gifts case |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=1 April 2024}}</ref> On 3 February, he and his wife were sentenced to seven years and fined 500,000 rupees each in a [[Iddat case|criminal case]] over allegations that Bushra had not completed her ''[[Iddat]]'' before marrying Khan in 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan's ex-PM Imran Khan, wife get seven-year jail term for unlawful marriage |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240203-pakistan-s-ex-pm-imran-khan-wife-get-seven-year-jail-term-for-unlawful-marriage |access-date=3 February 2024 |agency=France 24 |date=3 February 2024}}</ref>

On 30 May 2024, he told the Supreme Court he was in solitary confinement with restricted meetings with lawyers and family. In June, the government said that his cell had a walking area, cooler, television, exercise equipment, and a separate kitchen, and that he could meet his legal team and family. It submitted photos of the cell and a meeting with his lawyers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/world/imran-khan-enjoys-luxurious-prison-amenities-tv-kitchen-exercise-equipment-and-more-reveals-pak-govt-3055816|title=Imran Khan enjoys luxurious prison amenities: TV, kitchen, exercise equipment, and more, reveals Pak govt|publisher=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=6 June 2024|access-date=6 October 2024}}</ref>

On 3 June 2024, the Islamabad High Court overturned his cypher case conviction. He remained in prison due to other convictions and pending charges.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2024 |title=Pakistan's Imran Khan is acquitted of leaking state secrets but remains in prison on other charges |work=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/pakistan-imran-khan-cipher-acquittal-78b83ec482e2dbc647cec49ca1584828|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604041932/https://apnews.com/article/pakistan-imran-khan-cipher-acquittal-78b83ec482e2dbc647cec49ca1584828|archive-date= 4 June 2024}}</ref> On 13 July, his marriage case conviction was overturned, but he remained in prison after bail was cancelled in a separate May 9 riots case.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2024 |title=Pakistan court acquits former PM Imran Khan, wife in unlawful marriage case |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/7/13/pakistan-court-acquits-former-pm-imran-khan-wife-in-unlawful-marriage-case |access-date=13 July 2024 |work=[[Al Jazeera]]|language=en}}</ref>

In June 2024, the [[Working Group on Arbitrary Detention]] called for his release, saying his detention was arbitrary and politically motivated.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmed |first=Munir |date=1 July 2024 |title=UN group demands release of ex-Pakistan PM Imran Khan; says his detention violates international law |url=https://apnews.com/article/pakistan-un-group-demands-rekaese-imran-khan-4394c5f87d072dc03c68435f6469a7b3 |access-date=3 October 2024 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> In a July interview with ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' from prison, he said he is held in a small "[[death cell]]" usually "reserved for terrorists".<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2024 |title='Locked in death cell for terrorists,' claims Imran in rare interview with UK publication |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1847067|access-date=3 October 2024 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|language=en}}</ref> In September 2024, ''Amnesty International'' said it had "noted a pattern of weaponisation of the legal system to keep him detained and away from political activity" and called for his immediate release.<ref>{{citation|title=Pakistan: Authorities Must Immediately Release Imran Khan From Arbitrary Detention|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/ASA3385072024ENGLISH.pdf|access-date=12 July 2025|website=[[Amnesty International]]|date=11 September 2024|language=en}}</ref> In October 2024, authorities said he undergoes a medical examination every two weeks and no health issues have been observed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/841702|title=Imran Khan undergoes medical checkup in Adiala jail|publisher=[[Dunya News]]|date=4 October 2024|access-date=6 October 2024}}</ref>

On 8 October 2024, Pakistani police charged him with attempted murder over a police officer's death during his supporters' protests in Islamabad.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2024 |title=Pakistan's Imran Khan is charged with attempted murder over policeman's death in weekend protests |url=https://apnews.com/article/pakistan-imran-khan-attempted-murder-57b919d716f49ceabaa7ca4f80b85beb|access-date=8 October 2024 |website=Associated Press}}</ref> On 22 November 2024, the IHC granted him bail in the Toshakhana case, but he remained in jail due to other cases.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1873672|title=IHC grants Imran bail in new Toshakhana case as govt rules out release|date=20 November 2024 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref> On 24 November, Khan's supporters attempted [[November 2024 PTI protest|nationwide protests]] demanding his release.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/11/24/pakistani-capital-in-lockdown-before-march-by-imran-khans-supporters |title=Pakistani capital in lockdown before march by Imran Khan's supporters|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=24 November 2024}}</ref> Since the 2022 no-confidence vote, he has been named in 186 legal cases across Pakistan, as reported in December 2024.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2514206|title=How many cases is Imran Khan facing?|date=6 December 2024|newspaper=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref> On 17 January 2025, he was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment by an accountability court in the Al-Qadir Trust case.<ref name="fp"/> On 21 August 2025, the SCP granted him bail in eight 9 May riot cases; however, he remained jailed due to his Al-Qadir Trust case sentence.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2612531/pakistan|title=Pakistan top court grants bail to Imran Khan in May 2023 riots cases|date=21 August 2025}}</ref>

On 21 December 2025, he was sentenced to 17 years' imprisonment and fined Rs16.4 million in the Toshakhana-II case. The court found that a [[Bulgari]] jewellery set gifted by Saudi Crown Prince [[Mohammed bin Salman]], valued at about Rs80 million, was acquired by Khan for Rs2.9 million. It credited time served and described the sentence as lenient due to his old age.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ahmed|first1=A|title=Explained: Imran Khan, Bushra Bibi 17-year Toshakhana sentence|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/explained-imran-khan-bushra-bibi-17-year-toshakhana-sentence-1.500386569|work=[[Gulf News]]|date=21 December 2025|access-date=22 December 2025}}</ref>

In February 2026, fourteen former international cricket captains appealed to Pakistan's government, expressing "profound concern" over reports on Khan's health and prison conditions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Imran Khan: Legendary former cricketers call for 'humane' treatment of ex-Pakistan captain in jail |url=https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12123/13508594/imran-khan-legendary-former-cricketers-call-for-humane-treatment-of-ex-pakistan-captain-in-jail |website=Sky Sports |access-date=18 February 2026 |language=en |date=17 February 2026}}</ref>

====Khan's views regarding imprisonment====
Khan says his imprisonment is politically motivated, alleging involvement by the Pakistan Armed Forces (the [[Establishment (Pakistan)|Establishment]]) and [[Shehbaz Sharif]]'s government.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Baloch |first1=Shah Meer |last2=Ellis-Petersen |first2=Hannah |date=14 May 2023 |title=Imran Khan accuses Pakistan's military of ordering his arrest |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/14/imran-khan-arrest-pakistan-military |access-date=3 October 2024|work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Both the military and government denied the allegations; the military called them "fabricated and malicious" while Sharif termed them "blatant lies".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Campbell |first=Charlie |date=10 May 2023 |title=Imran Khan's Arrest Furthers His Sense of Political Persecution |url=https://time.com/6278495/imran-khan-arrest-pakistan-politics/|access-date=3 October 2024|magazine=[[TIME]]|language=en}}</ref> In June 2024, appearing before the Supreme Court via video from jail, he said Pakistan is under "undeclared [[martial law]]".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fairclough |first=Gordon |date=27 May 2023 |title=Former Pakistan Leader Imran Khan Says Country Is Under 'Undeclared Martial Law' |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/former-pakistan-leader-imran-khan-says-country-is-under-undeclared-martial-law-ee48debb |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> In August 2024, he said the [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] controls all matters of his imprisonment and has made his jail conditions harsher.<ref name="DH">{{cite news|title='Two attempts on my life': Imran Khan says Army chief & DG ISI responsible if anything happens to him|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/world/two-attempts-on-my-life-imran-khan-says-army-chief-dg-isi-responsible-if-anything-happens-to-him-3165860|date=27 August 2024|publisher=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref>

===Assassination attempt===
{{Main|Attempted assassination of Imran Khan}}

[[File:Imran_Khan_injuries_2022.jpg|left|thumb|Khan speaking to media at [[Shaukat Khanum hospital]] after treatment]]
On 3 November 2022, Khan was shot in the leg [[Attempted assassination of Imran Khan|in an assassination attempt]] in [[Wazirabad]] while leading a march to [[Islamabad]] demanding early elections.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/imran-khan-shot-in-leg-suspected-assassination-attempt/|title=Pakistan's former PM Imran Khan 'shot in the leg' in assassination attempt|website=[[LBC]]|date=3 November 2022}}</ref> One of his supporters died in the attack.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://arynews.tv/imran-khan-meets-with-deceased-pti-worker-moazzams-family/|title=Imran Khan meets with deceased PTI worker Moazzam's family|date=5 November 2022|publisher=[[ARY News]]}}</ref> The alleged perpetrator, Muhammad Naveed, was overpowered by a supporter of Khan, throwing off his aim.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/pakistan-imran-khan-lone-shooter-rcna56331|title=Pakistan police name lone shooter in gun attack on ex-premier Khan|agency=[[Reuters]]|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=9 November 2022}}</ref> Naveed said he acted alone, targeting him because he believed Khan was misleading the people.<ref name="Saeed">{{Cite news |last=Shah |first=Saeed |title=Former Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan Shot in Leg at Protest Rally |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/shots-fired-at-pakistan-protest-rally-held-by-ex-prime-minister-imran-khan-11667478021|date=3 November 2022 |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|quote=Mr. Khan was hit in the leg and taken to a hospital in Lahore, where doctors said he was stable and he was operated on.....Pakistani officials said the attacker was apprehended... He said that he acted alone and that he had planned the attack for days.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=3 November 2022 |title=Pakistan ex-PM Imran Khan shot and wounded at protest march |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-63496202 |access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref> Khan blamed the incumbent government—Prime Minister [[Shehbaz Sharif]], Interior Minister [[Rana Sanaullah]], and Major General [[Faisal Naseer]]—for the assassination plot but provided no evidence. Government and military officials denied involvement. Federal Information Minister [[Maryam Aurangzeb]] questioned how Khan could demand resignations before any investigation. The [[Inter-Services Public Relations]] called the allegations baseless and irresponsible. Sanaullah also rejected them as grievous.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2022 |title=Pakistan's Ex-PM Khan Blames Government for Assassination Plot |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/pakistan-s-ex-pm-khan-blames-government-army-for-assassination-plot-/6821082.html |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Saifi |first=Sophia |date=4 November 2022 |title=Former Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan blames establishment figures for plot to kill him |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/04/asia/imran-khan-attack-pakistan-intl/index.html |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

=== 2024 Pakistani general election ===
In December 2023, he nominated [[Gohar Ali Khan]] to replace him as PTI chairman, with Gohar being elected unopposed.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jailed ex-Pakistan PM Imran Khan's party elects new head before election|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/2/jailed-ex-pakistan-pm-imran-khans-party-elects-new-head-ahead-of-election|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=2 December 2023|access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref> Later that month, the ECP rejected his nomination papers for the [[2024 Pakistani general election]] on the grounds that he was "convicted by the court of law and has been disqualified".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/pakistan/pakistan-imran-khan-2024-elections-nomination-9088840/|title=Pakistan election body rejects ex-PM Imran Khan's nomination for 2024 elections|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=30 December 2023|access-date=23 November 2025}}</ref> Before the elections, his name was barred from the media, and ''[[TIME (magazine)|TIME]]'' reported that constituency boundaries were redrawn to allegedly benefit his opponents.<ref name="TIME">>{{cite magazine|last1=Campbell|first1=Charlie|title=Pakistan Can Keep Imran Khan Out of Power, but It Can't Keep His Popularity Down|magazine=[[TIME (magazine)|TIME]]|date=17 January 2024|url=https://time.com/6556335/pakistan-election-imran-khan-nawaz-sharif-military-pti/|access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref>

A PTI official said he was allowed to vote by postal ballot from prison.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240208-polls-open-in-pakistan-with-khan-in-jail-and-sharif-tipped-to-win|title=Polls close in Pakistan after millions vote in election marred by violence |work=France 24 |date=8 February 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229094116/https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240208-polls-open-in-pakistan-with-khan-in-jail-and-sharif-tipped-to-win|archive-date= 29 February 2024}}</ref> He issued an [[AI-generated]] message urging supporters to celebrate the electoral win, in which at least 90 candidates backed by him, all of whom were forced to run as independents, won seats.<ref>{{cite news|title= Imran Khan's party wants to form government, demands release of full results in Pakistan's election|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/pakistan-election-imran-khans-party-wants-form-government-threatens-pr-rcna138237|agency=[[Reuters]]|work=[[NBC News]]|date=10 February 2024|access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref> PTI chairman Gohar Ali Khan said Khan directed PTI-backed independents to form governments in the Centre, [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], and [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]. Gohar said Khan told his party to sit in opposition nationally rather than join a coalition with rival parties, including the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]] and [[Pakistan Peoples Party]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Imran Khan's party to sit in opposition; rules out joining any coalition govt in Pakistan: Top leader|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/international/world-news/imran-khans-party-to-sit-in-opposition-rules-out-joining-any-coalition-govt-in-pakistan-top-leader/articleshow/107630401.cms|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=12 February 2024|access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref>

=== University of Oxford Chancellor candidacy ===
In August 2024, [[Zulfi Bukhari]] said he submitted an application for Khan to contest the [[2024 University of Oxford Chancellor election|University of Oxford Chancellor election]].<ref name="voa">{{Cite web |last=Gul |first=Ayaz |date=18 August 2024 |title=Pakistan's jailed ex-PM Khan seeks Oxford University chancellor role |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/pakistan-s-jailed-ex-pm-khan-seeks-oxford-university-chancellor-role-/7747135.html |access-date=3 October 2024 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref> On 16 October 2024, university officials disqualified Khan from the race based on established exclusion criteria, accepting 38 of over 40 applicants.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cglk74dwg0ro|title=Imran Khan uni chancellor bid rejected, says adviser|author1=Ethan Gudge|author2=Shahzad Malik|date=16 October 2024|work=BBC}}</ref><ref name="Hindu">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/imran-khan-out-of-race-for-oxfords-chancellor/article68767627.ece|title=Imran Khan out of race for Oxford's Chancellor|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 October 2024|access-date=7 November 2024}}</ref> They cited his prior conviction and active political role, inconsistent with the position's requirements.<ref name="Hindu"/>

== Wealth and assets ==
In his 2003 statement to the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP), Khan declared his home in [[Zaman Park, Lahore]], an Islamabad apartment, 39 [[kanal (unit)|kanals]]{{efn|5 acres}} in Islamabad, 530 kanals{{efn|66 acres}} in [[Khanewal]], and a share in 363 kanals{{efn|44 acres}} of inherited agricultural land.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/125353|title=Lawmakers declare assets|date=17 November 2003|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref>

In a 2011 ''[[Financial Times]]'' interview, Khan said he bought a penthouse in [[South Kensington]] in 1983 for £110,000 and sold it in 2003 to buy land in Islamabad.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/c09575ac-e371-11e0-8f47-00144feabdc0|title=Raising a million: Imran Khan|first=Natalie|last=Graham|date=22 September 2011|newspaper=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref>

In 2017, the ECP reported that Khan's 300-kanal [[Bani Gala]] residence in Islamabad was valued at {{PKRConvert|750|m}}, with other assets including furniture worth {{PKRConvert|0.6|m}} and livestock.<ref>{{cite news|title=Imran Khan's net worth over a billion, yet no vehicle in his name|url=https://www.samaa.tv/pakistan/2017/06/imran-khans-net-worth-over-a-billion-yet-no-vehicle-in-his-name/|website=[[Samaa TV]]|access-date=30 July 2017|date=16 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804054737/https://www.samaa.tv/pakistan/2017/06/imran-khans-net-worth-over-a-billion-yet-no-vehicle-in-his-name/|archive-date=4 August 2017}}</ref> In 2020, the ECP reported that he declared assets worth Rs80.6 million, including a six-kanal plot in [[Mohra Noori]] (Rs0.5 million) and five inherited plots in [[Mianwali]], [[Bhakkar]], [[Sheikhupura]], and Khanewal. He sold property in [[Ferozewala]] for Rs70 million and bought two [[Shahrah-e-Dastoor]] apartments for Rs10.19 million. Khan held Rs50.66 million in a bank account, Rs10.99 million in cash, and four foreign currency accounts with £518, $328,760, $1,470, and an empty euro account. He also declared four goats worth Rs200,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulf-times.com/story/677697|title=ECP releases details of PM's assets|date=11 November 2020|website=Gulf-Times}}</ref>

In his 2024 election nomination papers, Khan declared over Rs90 million in bank accounts, more than $300,000 in a foreign currency account, and over a dozen properties, mostly inherited, including agricultural land and his Zaman Park residence. He paid Rs11.97 million for a [[Shahrah-e-Dastoor]] apartment and declared Rs11.47 million for his Bani Gala residence. He reported owning no vehicle.<ref name="Assets2024">{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1803600|title=Imran's net worth over Rs300m; Maryam close to being billionaire|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|first=Iftikhar A.|last=Khan|date=6 January 2024}}</ref>

===Taxes===
''[[The News International]]'' reported that Khan paid nearly Rs4.7 million in taxes between 1981 and 2017, with exemptions in several years.<ref>{{cite web|title=How much tax Imran paid in last 37 years?|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/571131|last=Durrani|first=Fakhar|date=19 November 2019|website=[[The News International]]}}</ref> In January 2022, the Federal Board of Revenue's 2019 tax directory said that he paid Rs9.8 million in taxes that year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1667427|title=FBR 2019 data: PM Imran paid Rs9.8m in taxes while PPP's Yousuf Raza Gillani paid none|first=Tahir|last=Sherani|date=3 January 2022|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|access-date=20 January 2022}}</ref> In 2022, his income rose to Rs185.68 million due to the sale of a watch gifted by a foreign dignitary; the year before, it was just over Rs7 million.<ref name="Assets2024"/> For the fiscal year ending 30 June 2023, he paid Rs15.59 million in taxes, and his total declared assets were Rs315.95 million.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former PM Imran Khan's net worth surges to Rs315.95 million: Document|url=https://theasianmirror.com/latest/50996/former-pm-imran-khans-net-worth-surges-to-rs315-95-million-document/|access-date=1 May 2024 |website=The Asian Mirror|date=May 2024}}</ref>

== Political positions ==
[[File:Imran Khan (4276439704).jpg|thumb|left|Khan speaking at the [[Chatham House]] in London, 2012.]]
In November 1999, Khan condemned the UN for failing to halt Russian "atrocities" in Chechnya.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deseret.com/1999/11/27/19477610/pakistan-s-imran-slams-un-apathy-to-chechnya/|title=Pakistan's Imran slams UN 'apathy' to Chechnya|date=27 November 1999|newspaper=[[Deseret News]]}}</ref>

After the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] began, Khan participated in a [[Protests against the Iraq War|protest in Hyde Park, London]], saying: "The fear is that this is not going to be the last war; first it was Afghanistan, now it's Iraq, and if the hawks in Washington have their way, then it's going to be some other country very soon."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/late-bulletin-england-london-hyde-park-tony-benn-standing-news-footage/682865090?adppopup=true|title=Gulf War: Day 24: Late bulletin|date=12 April 2003|work=[[Getty Images]]}}</ref>

A January 2010 [[United States diplomatic cables leak|leaked US diplomatic cable]] released by WikiLeaks revealed that US Ambassador to Pakistan [[Anne W. Patterson]] met Khan at his residence, where he criticised the US for its "dangerous" policies, including drone operations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/247596|title=US embassy cables: Imran Khan criticises 'dangerous' US policy|date=1 December 2010|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>

In 2011, Khan became the first Pakistani dignitary to demand an official apology from the Government of Pakistan to the people of [[Bangladesh]] for the Pakistan Army's atrocities during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] in 1971. He said he had initially supported the operation due to Pakistan's lack of independent media but later learned the truth from Bengali friends in England, adding that Pakistan must learn from past mistakes and not repeat them in [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] or the [[FATA|tribal areas]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=37808&Cat=2|title=Imran demands apology from Pakistan to Bangladesh|date=24 March 2011|work=[[The News International]]|access-date=1 July 2013|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006205350/http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=37808&Cat=2|archive-date=6 October 2013}}</ref>

[[File:Prime Minister Imran Khan's Message On The Srebrenica Genocide.webm|thumb|right|Prime Minister Khan's message on the 25th Memorial Day of the [[Srebrenica Genocide]], 2020]]

He has described himself as a [[pacifist]] and anti-war and has opposed military interventions, especially in Afghanistan, criticising Pakistan's role in the U.S.-led [[war on terror]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A Conversation With Prime Minister Imran Khan of Pakistan |url=https://www.cfr.org/event/conversation-prime-minister-imran-khan-pakistan-0|publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]]|date=23 September 2019|access-date=9 February 2025}}</ref> He has opposed the [[Iraq War]], the [[Russian Invasion of Ukraine]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/40176632|title=I am against military solution in Ukraine, says Imran Khan during Sky News interview|date=30 May 2022|website=Brecorder}}</ref> the [[Gaza genocide]], and the [[2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon|Israeli invasion of Lebanon]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/hezbollah-leaders-assassination-by-israel-constitutes-major-escalation-says-pakistan/3345191|title=Hezbollah leader's assassination by Israel constitutes 'major' escalation, says Pakistan|author=Amir Latif Arain|publisher=[[Anadolu Agency]]|date=29 September 2024|access-date=9 February 2025}}</ref>

In 2013, Khan proposed secret talks between India and Pakistan to resolve the [[Kashmir issue]], saying open negotiations risk being subverted by vested interests on both sides.<ref>{{cite news|last=Naqvi|first=Jawed|date=8 December 2013|title=Imran suggests secret talks on Kashmir issue|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1061219|url-status=live |access-date=10 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210045441/http://www.dawn.com/news/1061219|archive-date=10 December 2013}}</ref>

In 2014, when the Pakistani Taliban announced armed struggle against [[Ismailis]] and the [[Kalash people]], Khan described "forced conversions as un-Islamic."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1086976|title=Forcibly converting people un-Islamic, says Imran|date=14 February 2014|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|location=Pakistan|access-date=20 February 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218080542/http://www.dawn.com/news/1086976/|archive-date=18 February 2014}}</ref> He also condemned the "forced conversion" of [[Sindhi Hindus|Hindu girls in Sindh]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ghori|first1=Habib Khan|title=Imran slams incidents of forced conversion in Sindh|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1366045|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=25 October 2017|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410082404/https://www.dawn.com/news/1366045|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Public image ==
In the 1970s and 1980s, Khan attracted media attention for his physical appearance.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/world/profiling-imran-khan-the-medias-favourite-hot-dumb-blonde-555966.html|title=Profiling Imran Khan: The media's favourite hot, dumb blonde|work=Firstpost|date=13 December 2012|access-date=29 March 2017|first=Lakshmi|last=Chaudhry}}</ref> In the 1980s, he sported a "[[Playboy (lifestyle)|playboy]]" image in the British press for his exploits on the London party circuit, though he said he never consumed [[liquor]].<ref name="WP profile" /> In the early 1990s, the British media called him the Sexiest Man Alive.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/08/13/sporting-chance|title=Sporting Chance|date=6 August 2012|first=Steve|last=Coll|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]}}</ref> He was known to millions of cricket fans as the ''Lion of Lahore''.<ref name="it170217">{{cite news |title=A lion tamed |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/a-lion-tamed-1.1195919|newspaper=The Irish Times |access-date=27 August 2025 |language=en |date=17 February 2007|quote=To the dismay of millions of fans who knew him as the Lion of Lahore, he retired from cricket after captaining Pakistan to its 1992 World Cup victory.}}</ref>

In 1996, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' said he used populist rhetoric, blending anti-elite messages with religious appeals. His criticism of Westernised Pakistani elites contrasted with his privileged upbringing and western "[[jet-setter]]" lifestyle.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB849476508892946000|title=Imran Khan Bowls Them Over With Populist Pakistani Pitch|last=Waldman|first=Peter|date=2 December 1996|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|issn=0099-9660|access-date=16 January 2017|quote=Imran's rough-hewn message combines populist economics...Imran is a born-again Muslim who now scolds other Pakistani elites for aping the West....The Oxford-educated jet-setter is a born-again Muslim who now scolds other Pakistani elites for aping the West.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118052123/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB849476508892946000|archive-date=18 January 2017}}</ref> He said of his past: "I have never claimed to be an angel. I am a humble sinner."<ref name="2006 profile"/> In a 2006 interview, [[Peter Lloyd (journalist)|Peter Lloyd]] described his transformation as a "playboy to puritan U-turn," leaving many scratching their heads in wonder.<ref name="foreign correspondent feature">{{cite web |date=23 May 2006 |title=Pakistan – Imran Khan |url=http://www.abc.net.au/foreign/content/2006/s1647595.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071205235556/http://www.abc.net.au/foreign/content/2006/s1647595.htm|archive-date=5 December 2007 |access-date=5 November 2007 |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]]}}</ref> In 2007, ''[[Der Spiegel]]'' compared him to [[Franz Beckenbauer]] for his popularity and influence in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/pakistan-musharraf-laesst-cricket-legende-imran-khan-festnehmen-a-517256.html|title=Musharraf lässt Cricket-Legende Imran Khan festnehmen|website=[[Der Spiegel]]|date=14 November 2007|language=de}}</ref> In 2018, ''[[Reuters]]'' described him as a Pakistani cricket icon and former London playboy who had "transformed himself into a pious, firebrand [[nationalist]]".<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Reuters]]|title=Pakistan's Imran Khan declares victory as rivals cry foul|date=25 July 2018|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-pakistan-election/pakistans-imran-khan-declares-victory-as-rivals-cry-foul-idUKKBN1KF33N|access-date=27 July 2018|archive-date=4 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204155549/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-pakistan-election/pakistans-imran-khan-declares-victory-as-rivals-cry-foul-idUKKBN1KF33N|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Imran Khan giving autographs.JPG|thumb|right|Imran Khan signs autographs for supporters, 2009]]

In June 2011, a [[Pew Research Center]] poll showed him with a 68% approval rating, higher than Prime Minister [[Yousaf Raza Gillani]]'s 37% and President [[Asif Ali Zardari]]'s 11%. That year, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' described him as an underdog, saying he "often sounds like a pro-democracy liberal but is well known for his coziness with conservative Islamist parties." [[H. M. Naqvi]] called him a "sort of a [[Ron Paul]] figure," noting "there is no taint of corruption and there is his anti-establishment message."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia-pacific/pakistani-cricket-hero-imran-khan-becomes-a-political-player/2011/08/31/gIQAVYYBxJ_story.html|title=Pakistani cricket hero Imran Khan becomes a political player|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|first=Richard|last=Leiby|date=3 September 2011|access-date=16 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118041803/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia-pacific/pakistani-cricket-hero-imran-khan-becomes-a-political-player/2011/08/31/gIQAVYYBxJ_story.html|archive-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>

His perceived sympathy for the [[Taliban]] and criticism of the US-led [[war on terror]] led critics to label him "Taliban Khan." He said, "I've been called Taliban Khan for supporting the tribal Pashtuns and I've been called part of a Jewish conspiracy to take over Pakistan. I am of course neither."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global/2011/sep/18/imran-khan-america-destroying-pakistan|title=Imran Khan: 'America is destroying Pakistan. We're using our army to kill our own people with their money'|author=Stuart Jeffries|date=18 September 2011|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>

In 2012, [[Pankaj Mishra]], writing for ''[[The New York Times]]'', characterised him as a "cogent picture out of his—and Pakistan's—clashing identities," adding that "his identification with the suffering masses and his attacks on his affluent, English-speaking peers have long been mocked in the living rooms of Lahore and Karachi as the hypocritical ravings of 'Im the Dim' and 'Taliban Khan'—the two favoured [[moniker]]s for him." Mishra concluded, "like all populist politicians, he appears to offer something to everyone. Yet the great differences between his constituencies—socially liberal, upper-middle-class Pakistanis and the deeply conservative residents of Pakistan's tribal areas—seem irreconcilable."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/19/magazine/pakistans-imran-khan-must-be-doing-something-right.html|title=Pakistan's Imran Khan Must Be Doing Something Right|last=Mishra|first=Pankaj|date=16 August 2012|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=16 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118032308/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/19/magazine/pakistans-imran-khan-must-be-doing-something-right.html|archive-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>

After the 2013 election, [[Mohammed Hanif]], writing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', said that he had support among the educated middle class, but Pakistan's main problem was that it did not have enough educated urban middle-class citizens.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/13/pakistan-elections-nawaz-sharif-imran-khan|title=Pakistan elections: how Nawaz Sharif beat Imran Khan and what happens next|last=Hanif|first=Mohammed|date=13 May 2013|work=The Guardian|issn=0261-3077|access-date=16 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118085353/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/13/pakistan-elections-nawaz-sharif-imran-khan|archive-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Interfaith Christmas Dinner 2014 (2).jpg|left|thumb|Khan addressing an Interfaith Christmas Dinner in 2014]]

An August 2018 [[Gallup Pakistan]] survey found 52% of Pakistanis believed his tenure as Prime Minister would be better than the previous government.<ref>{{cite web |title=Note from Spokesperson of Gallup Pakistan regarding survey findings released in The News International |url=https://gallup.com.pk/post/25928|website=Gallup Pakistan |access-date=12 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=52 pc Pakistanis satisfied with Imran's tenure|newspaper=[[The News International]]|date=27 January 2019|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/423993-52pc-pakistanis-satisfied-with-imran-s-tenure|access-date=26 August 2025}}</ref> In a 2019 [[International Republican Institute]] poll, 40% of respondents rated his performance "good" and 17% "very good."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1470150|title=IRI poll shows strong approval rating for PTI govt|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=17 March 2019|last1=Khan|first1=Iftikhar A.}}</ref> A 2021 [[Ipsos|Ipsos Pakistan]] survey found 55% of respondents said [[Imran Khan government]] was worse than they expected.<ref>{{cite web |title=2021 Review: Performance of Federal Government & Others, Stakeholders |url=https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2022-02/Ipsos%20Public%20Opinion%20Survey%20on%20FG%20%26%20Stakeholders%20Performance%202021-Dec21%20%28V2%29_1.pdf |website=[[Ipsos]]|date=31 December 2021}}</ref> In a 2022 Gallup Pakistan poll, 48% of respondents had a negative view of his performance, while 36% held a favourable opinion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Performance Ratings of Government: Public Pulse |url=https://www.gallup.com.pk/post/32893|website=Gallup Pakistan |access-date=12 May 2025 |date=2022}}</ref> Another Gallup Pakistan survey, conducted after his [[No-confidence motion against Imran Khan|vote-of-no confidence]], found 57% of respondents were happy about his removal from office, while 43% were angry.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dilawar |first1=Ismail |title=Majority of Pakistanis Supported Imran Khan's Ouster, Poll Shows |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-13/majority-of-pakistanis-supported-imran-khan-s-ouster-poll-shows |agency=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=13 April 2022}}</ref> A February 2023 Gallup Pakistan survey, conducted after the end of his premiership, found that 61% of Pakistanis held a good opinion of him.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Public Pulse Reports|url=https://gallup.com.pk/post/34223|date=6 March 2023|access-date=15 May 2024|website=Gallup Pakistan – Pakistan's Foremost Research Lab|language=en}}</ref>

His arrest and imprisonment in August 2023 angered many in [[Indian-administered Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/9/how-people-in-kashmir-reacted-to-imran-khans-jail-sentence-politics-ban|title=How people in Kashmir reacted to Imran Khan's jail sentence, politics ban|date=9 August 2023|website=[[Al Jazeera]]|first=Junaid|last=Kathju}}</ref>

According to a January 2024 ''[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]'' survey of 12 Pakistani financial professionals, Khan was the "top pick" to run the country's economy.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-01-31/jailed-imran-khan-favored-in-survey-to-run-pakistan-s-economy|title=Jailed Imran Khan Favored in Survey to Run Pakistan's Economy|newspaper=[[Bloomberg News]]|date=31 January 2024}}</ref>

Khan has been nominated twice for the Nobel Peace Prize. He was nominated in 2019 for his endeavours to foster peace across South Asia. In 2025, he was nominated by the Norwegian political party [[Partiet Sentrum]] and the advocacy organisation Pakistan World Alliance for his contributions to human rights and democratic values.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jailed Pakistan former PM Imran Khan nominated for Nobel peace prize |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/jailed-pakistan-former-pm-imran-khan-nominated-for-nobel-peace-prize/articleshow/119814760.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=21 December 2025 |date=31 March 2025}}</ref>

===Relationship with the military===
Several news reports and scholarly works have described his political career as marked by a perceived closeness to [[The Establishment (Pakistan)|Pakistan's military establishment]]. According to Christopher Clary, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the State University of New York-Albany, he entered politics in the mid-1990s in open alliance with former [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI) chief [[Hamid Gul]].{{sfn|Clary|2022}} In 2012, author [[Fatima Bhutto]] criticised him for "incredible coziness not with the military but with dictatorship," accusing him of defending [[General Zia-ul-Haq]]'s legacy and mentioning his support for [[Pervez Musharraf]]'s 2002 referendum.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-IRTB-14200|title=Fatima Bhutto Blasts Imran Khan|date=22 January 2012|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|first=Margherita|last=Stancati}}</ref>

He was also close to former ISI chief [[Ahmed Shuja Pasha]]. Clary said that during the [[2014 Tsunami March]] and sit-in, there were widespread allegations of involvement by then ISI chief [[Zaheer-ul-Islam]].{{sfn|Clary|2022}} Historian Ian Talbot wrote that his role in the 2014 protests was contentious. Talbot stated that he "denied that he was a military cat's paw", which he said conflicted with former PTI president [[Javed Hashmi]]'s claim that the protests were inspired by Pasha. Talbot said that his actions, "if not sinister, were reckless", threatening hopes of rebalancing civil–military relations in Pakistan.{{sfn|Talbot|2016}}{{sfn|Talbot|2022}} He stated that these actions strengthened military authority over civilian power,{{sfn|Talbot|2016}} and that "the army rather than the democratic forces had clearly emerged as a winner in the political crisis that some believed it had secretly orchestrated".{{sfn|Talbot|2022}}

According to Mohammad Waseem, Professor of Political Science at the Lahore University of Management Sciences, his populist rise was enabled by the military establishment, which sought to counter the [[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]] and [[PML (N)]]. Waseem said he was cultivated by the establishment as an alternative force, with the [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]] functioning as a "shadow" Muslim League to attract electables before the [[2018 Pakistani general election|2018 election]]. Waseem said that he appealed to middle-class demands to end dynastic politics and came to power not through mass mobilisation, but military support. He added that he was portrayed at home and abroad as the military's preferred candidate, fuelling opposition claims that he was "selected" rather than elected.{{sfn|Waseem|2022|p=17, 155, 176, 180, 181, 208, 275, 293}}

US diplomat Theodore Craig, in ''Pakistan and American Diplomacy'', wrote that after the 2018 elections the United States avoided pushing for an "unblemished election" or rejecting "antidemocratic manipulations", saying that challenging "the military's [[Project Imran Khan|Imran Khan project]]" would not have changed the government but could have jeopardised prospects for progress in Afghanistan.{{sfn|Craig|2024|p=13–14; 17}}

In 2024, ''The New York Times'' wrote that Lt. Gen. [[Faiz Hameed]], a former ISI chief, was an ally of his.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Masood|first1=Salman|last2=Goldbaum|first2=Christina|title=Pakistan's Ex-Spy Chief, an Imran Khan Ally, Is Arrested|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/12/world/asia/faiz-hameed-spy-chief-arrested-pakistan-imran-khan.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=12 August 2024|access-date=24 April 2025}}</ref> In 2024, ''Arab News'' wrote that Khan was widely believed to have risen to power in 2018 with military backing.<ref name="ArabNewsFaiz2024">{{cite news|last1=Imran|first1=Kashif|title=Former ISI chief Hameed was part of 'political nexus' led by ex-PM Khan to destabilize Pakistan —minister|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2567757/pakistan|work=[[Arab News]]|date=17 August 2024|access-date=24 April 2025|quote=Hameed is believed to be advising Khan when he was publicly criticizing the army and its leadership following his ouster.....The former ISI chief is widely seen as having been close to Khan, who has been in jail since August 2023 on a slew of charges....Khan, widely believed to have been propelled to power with the backing of the military in 2018, waged an unprecedented campaign of defiance against the military establishment following his ouster in a parliamentary no-trust vote in 2022. The former prime minister blames the army for not preventing the no-confidence motion against him....It is widely believed that Hameed was advising Khan when the PTI was publicly criticizing the army and its top leadership.}}</ref> ''Arab News'' said that after his 2022 ouster, Hameed was widely believed to have advised him as PTI openly criticised the army and its senior leadership. Since then, Khan has campaigned against the military, blaming it for failing to stop the no-confidence motion that removed him.<ref name="ArabNewsFaiz2024"/>

[[Ashok Swain]], Professor of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University, Sweden, wrote that his challenges and accusations against the military are unique in Pakistan's history. Swain said he became the military's strongest critic, with potential to reform its historically unchecked power. His approach has divided allies and the military but, according to Swain, "mobilised a new generation of politically aware Pakistanis, including women and youth who previously shunned politics".<ref name="scroll041224">{{cite web |last1=Swain |first1=Ashok |title=How Imran Khan's polarising battle with Pakistan's military could actually strengthen democracy |url=https://scroll.in/article/1076202/how-imran-khans-polarising-battle-with-pakistans-military-could-actually-strengthen-democracy|website=Scroll.in |access-date=29 April 2025 |language=en |date=4 December 2024}}</ref>

In a 2025 book, author Dinkar Prakash Srivastava wrote that Khan enjoyed military patronage and "colluded" with it against Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]]. He wrote that the army "paved the way" for his 2018 election victory by easing out Sharif's government before the end of its term. Khan's relations with the military began to deteriorate in 2021 over the appointment of the ISI chief. After his ouster in 2022, Khan blamed army chief General [[Qamar Javed Bajwa]] and criticised the military leadership, including General [[Asim Munir]] and the [[Inter-Services Public Relations|ISPR]]. Srivastava wrote that if Khan sought to divide the top military leadership, it "backfired spectacularly" as the army "does not tolerate interference" in its internal affairs, and that Khan "found himself accidentally thrust into the role of an anti-establishment hero", despite owing his political career to military patronage.{{sfn|Srivastava|2025}}

In December 2025, [[Mohammed Hanif]] wrote that early in his political career, Khan found out that "the road to power in Pakistan always passed through the army headquarters," and they helped him rise by sidelining his opponents. After falling out with them, his name and image were suppressed on television, and his access to family and lawyers was restricted.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Hanif |first1=Mohammed |title=How Pakistan's Generals Are Silencing Imran Khan |url=https://time.com/7337495/imran-khan-pakistan-military-death-rumor/ |magazine=Time |access-date=4 December 2025 |date=2 December 2025}}</ref>

=== In popular culture ===
{{See also|:Category:Cultural depictions of Imran Khan}}
During his cricketing days, he appeared in commercials for Pepsi Pakistan, [[Brooke Bond]] tea, [[Thums Up]], and the Indian soap Cinthol.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/advertising-news/blast-from-the-past-a-look-at-imran-khan's-four-iconic-ads-91331.html|title=Blast From The Past- A Look at Imran Khan's Four Iconic Ads|date=30 July 2018|access-date=2 September 2018|work=Exchange4Media Magazine}}</ref> [[Dev Anand]] offered him a role in his 1990 [[Bollywood]] sports action-thriller ''[[Awwal Number]]'' as a declining cricket star, but he refused, citing his lack of acting skills.<ref>{{cite news|date=5 December 2011|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/dev-anand-wanted-imran-to-star-in-awwal-number/144861|title=Dev Anand wanted Imran to star in Awwal Number|work=[[Mid-Day]]|access-date=19 April 2019}}</ref> In 2014, Canadian rock band [[Nickelback]] released the politically themed single "Edge of a Revolution", featuring a brief clip of a PTI rally with party flags and a poster of him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1130269|title=Edge of Revolution: New Nickelback song features glimpse of PTI rally|date=6 September 2014|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref>

Chacha Nooruddin, known as ''Captain Chappal'',<ref>{{cite news|url=https://english.aaj.tv/news/30355714/chacha-nooruddin-who-rose-to-fame-as-captain-chappal-will-be-honored-with-the-presidential-award|title=Chacha Nooruddin, who rose to fame as Captain Chappal, will be honored with the Presidential Award|date=23 March 2024|work=[[Aaj News]]}}</ref> gifted a pair of specially crafted [[Peshawari chappal]]s to him for his 2015 wedding. The double-soled design had existed for years,<ref name="dawn2015">{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1191086|title=Kaptaan special chapal goes online as it gains popularity|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|author=Sher Alam Shinwari|date=29 June 2015}}</ref> but the traditional Peshawari chappal became iconic as his preferred footwear.<ref name="ArabNews">{{cite news|url=https://www.arabnews.pk/node/1453086/pakistan|title=Famous Pakistani cobbler crafts shoes for crown prince|date=16 February 2019|author=Abdur Rauf Yousafzai|work=[[Arab News]]}}</ref>

In the 2021 Indian film [[83 (film)|''83'']], about the [[1983 Cricket World Cup]], he is portrayed by actor [[Chunky Panday]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=24 March 2022 |title=فیصل قریشی کی اہلیہ فلم '83' کیخلاف میدان میں آگئیں |trans-title=Faisal Qureshi's wife comes out against the film '83' |url=https://urdu.arynews.tv/faysal-quraishi-wife-demands-action-against-film-83/ |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=[[ARY News]] |language=ur |quote=انہوں نے فلم میں قومی ٹیم کے سابق کپتان اور موجودہ وزیراعظم عمران خان کا کردار نبھانے والے اداکار چنکی پانڈے کے انتخاب پر اعتراض اٹھایا ہے۔ |trans-quote=She has raised objections to the selection of actor Chunky Panday, who plays the role of former national team captain and current Prime Minister Imran Khan in the film.}}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
{{Main|List of awards and honours received by Imran Khan}}

== Authorship ==
In the late 1980s, Khan served as editor of ''[[The Cricketer]]'', a London-based cricket magazine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/books/story/19901015-book-review-imran-khan-an-indus-journey-813105-1990-10-14|title=Book Review: Imran Khan's 'An Indus Journey' |first=Dilip |last=Bobb |date=15 October 1990 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Khan has written opinion pieces for ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'',<ref>{{cite news |title=Sports: opinion |work=Outlook magazine|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/author.asp?id=section&name=Imran+Khan&section=Sports|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130104083330/http://www.outlookindia.com/author.asp?id=section&name=Imran+Khan&section=Sports|archive-date=4 January 2013 |access-date=21 July 2008}}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last=Khan |first=Imran |title=Who's the real villain? |work=The Guardian |location=UK |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2003/jan/24/cricket.iraq|date=24 January 2003 |access-date=21 July 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826204200/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2003/jan/24/cricket.iraq|archive-date=26 August 2013}}</ref> and the ''[[BBC]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Khan|first=Imran|title= Another poor batting display|publisher=BBC|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/cwc2003/hi/newsid_2790000/newsid_2799100/2799123.stm|date= 25 February 2003|access-date= 21 July 2008|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090113150058/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/cwc2003/hi/newsid_2790000/newsid_2799100/2799123.stm|archive-date= 13 January 2009|df= dmy-all}}</ref> Khan's 2011 autobiography, ''[[Pakistan: A Personal History]]'', covers his move from cricket into politics and discusses his philanthropic work.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/pakistan-personal-history-imran-khan-2359195.html|title=Pakistan: A Personal History by Imran Khan|date=3 November 2011|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|access-date=3 January 2021}}</ref> In 2021, Khan penned a ''[[CNN]]'' op-ed advocating conservation and restoration of damaged natural ecosystems.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/05/opinions/imran-khan-world-environment-day-2021-spc-intl/index.html|title=World Environment Day: We must conserve and restore our ecosystems, for the sake of future generations|first=Imran|last=Khan|website=CNN|date=5 June 2021}}</ref>

Khan's publications include:
* ''West and East'' (Macmillan, 1975)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abebooks.co.uk/9780333900598/West-East-Khan-Imran-0333900596/plp|title=West and East – Hardcover|website=[[AbeBooks]]|access-date=20 November 2025}}</ref>
* ''Imran: The Autobiography of Imran Khan'' (Pelham, 1983)
* ''Imran Khan's Cricket Skills'' (Hamlyn, 1989)
* ''Indus Journey: A Personal View of Pakistan'' (Chatto & Windus, 1991)
* ''[[All Round View]]'' (Mandarin, 1992)
* ''Warrior Race: A Journey Through the Land of the Tribal Pathans'' (Chatto & Windus, 1993)
* ''[[Pakistan: A Personal History]]'' (Bantam Press, 2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://obnb.uk/a00373718-imran-khan|title=Imran Khan|website=Open British National Bibliography|access-date=20 November 2025}}</ref>
* ''Main Aur Mera Pakistan'' (Orient, 2014)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Khan |first1=Imran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nTNuDwAAQBAJ|title=मैं और मेरा पाकिस्तान: Main Aur Mera Pakistan|website=[[Google Books]]|date=13 September 2018 |publisher=Orient |isbn=978-81-222-0633-3 |access-date=20 November 2025}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Cricket|Pakistan|Politics}}
* [[Electoral history of Imran Khan]]
* [[Imran Khan Cricket Stadium]]
* [[Goldschmidt family|Goldsmith family]]
* [[List of sportsperson-politicians]]
* [[2011 Minar-e-Pakistan PTI Jalsa]]

== References ==
===Footnotes===
{{Notelist}}
{{reflist|group=note}}

===Citations===
<references>
<ref name="Hutchins-Midgley-2015">{{harvtxt|Hutchins|Midgley|2015}} "White had begun her affair with Imran in 1986, shortly after he had finished with Emma Sergeant. Their relationship ended after two years when he wrote her a note saying, 'I cannot love you as Emma will always be the love of mv life. But White became pregnant when they slept together for one last time in 1991 and she gave birth to a daughter, Tyrian."</ref>

<ref name="Morgan-2012">{{harvtxt|Morgan|2012}} "We'd heard from our usual inside source that the Sunday Mirror were breaking a story about Imran Khan fathering a lovechild by Sita White, daughter of the business tycoon Lord White. The picture desk sent a photographer straight to her home in Los Angeles, and when she opened the door he was able to take one quick shot inside. On closer examination of his picture he spotted a framed photo on the table in her hallway – with Sita and the lovechild who bears a striking resemblance to his father."</ref>

<ref name="Oborne-2015">{{harvtxt|Oborne|2015|pages=298–310}} "At this stage, the Burki family connection came to the rescue....."One of the participants suggested a form of treatment which was still at an experimental stage, whereby the healing process was hastened by means of electrical cycles passed through the leg." The treatment was very expensive, and needed doing in London, but General Zia guaranteed that the government would supply the money. So in the spring of 1984, Imran travelled to the Cromwell Hospital in London for a six-month course of treatment, during which his leg was put in a cast. Neither he, nor anyone else, knew whether he would play cricket again...."I had the choice of continuing as captain following that series, but decided against it. I did so because Imran didn't give me his full co-operation in that [Sri Lanka] series, and it was a great disappointment to me.""</ref>
</references>

{{reflist|group=note}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin|33em}}
* {{cite book|last1=Bermange|first1=Benedict|author-link1=Benedict Bermange|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BWwOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT132|title=Picking the Perfect Cricket Team|date=28 December 2020|publisher=[[Pen & Sword Books]]|isbn=978-1-5267-6971-8|access-date=14 November 2025}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Booth|editor-first1=Lawrence|editor-link1=Lawrence Booth (cricket writer)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fGKJDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT116|title=The Shorter Wisden 2019: The Best Writing from Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 2019|date=11 April 2019|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-4729-6387-1|access-date=28 October 2025}}
* {{cite book|last1=Clary|first1=Christopher|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QrptEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA271|title=The Difficult Politics of Peace: Rivalry in Modern South Asia|date=17 May 2022|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=271|isbn=978-0-19-763843-9|access-date=24 April 2025}}
* {{cite book |last1=Craig |first1=Theodore |title=Pakistan and American Diplomacy: Insights from 9/11 to the Afghanistan Endgame |date=2024 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |isbn=9781640126008}}
* {{citation|last1=Hutchins|first1=Chris|author-link=Chris Hutchins|first2=Dominic|last2=Midgley|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gmlJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA173|title=Goldsmith: Money, Women and Power|date=2015|publisher=BookBaby|page=173|isbn=978-0-9933566-3-6}}
* {{cite book|last1=Jaffrelot|first1=Christophe|author-link1=Christophe Jaffrelot|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i5GMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA279|title=The Pakistan Paradox: Instability and Resilience|pages=279|year=2015|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-023518-5|access-date=14 April 2025}}
* {{cite book|last1=Kamran|first1=Tahir|author-link1=Tahir Kamran|title=Chequered Past, Uncertain Future: The History of Pakistan|date=19 August 2024|publisher=[[Reaktion Books]]|isbn=978-1-78914-965-4|edition=2024|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s8UMEQAAQBAJ&pg=PT433|access-date=27 August 2025|language=en|chapter=13: Imran takes charge}}
* {{cite book|last1=Morgan|first1=Piers|author-link=Piers Morgan|url={{Google books|oKXJxdjenHIC|page=PT64|plainurl=yes}}|title=The Insider: The Private Diaries of a Scandalous Decade|date=2012|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1-4464-9168-3|page=81}}
* {{cite book|last1=Naseemullah|first1=Adnan|last2=Chhibber|first2=Pradeep|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HknzEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA118|title=Righteous Demagogues: Populist Politics in South Asia and Beyond|year=2024|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=118|isbn=978-0-19-775692-8|access-date=23 April 2025}}
* {{cite book|last1=Oborne|first1=Peter|author-link1=Peter Oborne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EXXGBwAAQBAJ|title=Wounded Tiger: A History of Cricket in Pakistan|date=9 April 2015|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster UK]]|isbn=978-1-84983-248-9|access-date=28 March 2025}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Pande|editor-first1=Aparna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZlsyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT758|title=Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Pakistan|date=23 August 2017|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-317-44759-7|access-date=23 April 2025}}
* {{cite book|last1=Sadiq|first1=B. J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7740DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1990|title=Let There Be Justice: The Political Journey of Imran Khan|date=9 September 2017|publisher=Fonthill Media|isbn=978-1-78155-637-5|access-date=11 April 2025}}
* {{cite book|last1=Srivastava|first1=Dinkar Prakash|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFVrEQAAQBAJ&pg=RA2-PT170|title=Pakistan: Ideologies, Strategies and Interests|date=3 June 2025|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|isbn=978-93-6131-782-8|access-date=26 December 2025}}
* {{cite conference|last1=Talbot|first1=Ian|title=Civil-Military Relations in Post-2013 Pakistan|conference=24th European Conference on South Asian Studies (ECSAS 2016)|location=[[Warsaw]]|date=27–30 July 2016|url=https://nomadit.co.uk/conference/ecsas2016/paper/26876/paper-download.pdf|access-date=22 August 2025}}
* {{cite book|last1=Talbot|first1=Ian|author-link1=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5n9gEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA244|title=Pakistan: A New History|pages=244–246|date=22 February 2022|publisher=[[Hurst Publishers]]|isbn=978-1-78738-789-8|access-date=24 August 2025}}
* {{cite book|last1=Waseem|first1=Mohammad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IGxvEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT88|title=Political Conflict in Pakistan|date=April 2022|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-765426-2|access-date=7 October 2024}}
* {{cite book|last1=Wilde|first1=Simon|author-link1=Simon Wilde|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zbRLAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA270|title=Wisden Cricketers of the Year: A Celebration of Cricket's Greatest Players|pages=270|date=17 September 2013|publisher=[[Bloomsbury USA]]|isbn=978-1-4081-4084-0|access-date=14 April 2025}}
{{refend}}

===Further reading===
{{refbegin|33em}}
* {{cite book |last=Huzur |first=Frank |title=Imran Versus Imran: The Untold Story |url=http://www.frankhuzur.com/imran-vs-imran.html |year=2011 |publisher=Falcon & Falcon |isbn=978-81-920551-0-7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007041922/http://www.frankhuzur.com/imran-vs-imran.html |archive-date=7 October 2013}}
* {{cite book |last1=Sandford |first1=Christopher |author-link=Christopher Sandford (biographer) |year=2009 |title=Imran Khan: The Cricketer, the Celebrity, the Politician |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |isbn=978-0-00-731888-9}}
* {{cite book |last1=Tennant |first1=Ivo |year=1996 |title=[[Imran Khan (1994 biography)|Imran Khan]] |publisher=[[Trafalgar Square Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-575-05936-8}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links | wikt=no | commons=Category:Imran Khan (politician) | b=no | n=Category:Imran Khan (politician) | q=Imran Khan | s=no | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=Q155164}}
* {{Twitter|ImranKhanPTI}}
* {{ESPNcricinfo|id=40560}}
* [https://www.theguardian.com/profile/imrankhan Column archive] at ''[[The Guardian]]''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ui_oECjOoCE Imran Khan's journey from cricketing Playboy to Politician – Journeyman Pictures]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_p6AWtDgKU 1990s Interview, Cricketer Imran Khan at Home – thekinolibrary]
* [https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/Lot/emma-sergeant-b-1960-imran-khan-4410401-details.aspx Portrait of Imran Khan] by [[Emma Sergeant]]
* {{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna45789373|title=Stop fighting and start talking|date=14 December 2011|work=NBC News|format=video}}

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Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Bareilly Weekly Express

2026-03-24T18:23:42Z

JerilynSturgess: started article

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Bareilly Weekly Express

| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale =
| first = 15 January 1996
| last =
| operator = [[Northern Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus]] (LTT)
| stops = 25
| end = {{stnlnk|Bareilly Junction}} (BE)
| distance = {{convert|1604|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 31h 35m
| frequency = Weekly {{efn|Runs one day in a week for every direction.}}
| class = AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering E-catering
| observation = [[LHB coach]]
| entertainment = No
| baggage = No
| other facilities= Below the seats
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 14313/14314
| speed = {{convert|51|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The '''Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Bareilly Weekly Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|Express]] train belonging to [[Northern Railway zone]] that runs between [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus]] and {{stnlnk|Bareilly Junction}} in India. It is currently being operated with 14313/14314 train numbers on a weekly basis. It is the first train to run between Mumbai and Bareilly. Inaugural run of this train was on 15 January 1996 between Dadar Railway station to Bareilly Junction, Mr Siraj Ansari was instrumental force behind starting this service .later originating station changed to Lokmanya Tilak Terminus ( Kurla )<ref>[http://wap.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/man-gets-rs-20-000-compensation-for-train-coach-cancellation-115112000362_1.html Man gets Rs 20,000 compensation for train coach cancellation]</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/48-trains-cancelled-on-Aug-10-due-to-Harda-accident/articleshow/48424278.cms "48 trains cancelled on Aug 10 due to Harda accident"]</ref><ref>[http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=2964&did=1439004281804C790E15D0D32532B4ADDC5E73FEC2525.web103 Cancellation and Diversion of Trains on 10.8.2015 due to derailment on Khandwa–Itarsi Section]</ref>

== Service==

The 14313/Mumbai LTT–Bareilly Weekly Express has an average speed of 51 km/h and covers 1604 km in 31h 35m. The 14314/Bareilly–Mumbai LTT Weekly Express Express has an average speed of 57 km/h and covers 1604 km in 28h 45m.

== Route and halts ==

The important halts of the train are:

* [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus]]
* {{stnlnk|Kalyan Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Kasara}}
* {{stnlnk|Igatpuri}}
* {{stnlnk|Nasik Road }}
* {{stnlnk|Manmad Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Jalgaon }}
* {{stnlnk|Bhusaval Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Burhanpur }}
* {{stnlnk|Khandwa Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Harda}}
* {{stnlnk|Itarsi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Rani Kamalapati}}
* {{stnlnk|Bhopal Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bina Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Virangana Lakshmibai Junction }}
* {{stnlnk|Gwalior Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Morena }}
* {{stnlnk|Agra Cantonment}}
* {{stnlnk|Agra Fort}}
* {{stnlnk|Aligarh Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Babrala}}
* {{stnlnk|Chandausi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Dabtara }}
* {{stnlnk|Aonla }}
* {{stnlnk|Bareilly Junction}}

==Coach composition==

The train has LHB rakes with a maximum speed of 130 km/h. The train consists of 17 coaches:

* 1 AC II Tier
* 3 AC III Tier
* 7 Sleeper coaches
* 4 General
* 2 Generator cum Luggage Rake

== Traction==

Both trains are hauled by an [[WAG-9 Izzatnagar]] electric locomotive or [[WAP-4 kalyan]] or [[WAP-7 Izzatnagar]] from Mumbai to [[Bareilly]]

Banker locomotive is attached at [[Kasara]] and are detached at [[Igatpuri]].

==Rake sharing==

The train shares its rake with 14319/14320 [[Indore–Bareilly Weekly Express]].

== See also ==

* [[Indore–Bareilly Weekly Express]]
* [[Kanpur Central–Amritsar Weekly Express]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/158 14313/Mumbai LTT–Bareilly Weekly Express]
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/170 14314/Bareilly–Mumbai LTT Weekly Express]

{{Railways in Northern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lokmanya Tilak Terminus-Bareilly Weekly Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Trains from Bareilly]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Seven Sleepers

2026-03-21T18:29:09Z

JerilynSturgess: corrected lead per sources and updated info

{{short description|Christian and Muslim story}}
{{for|the Feeder EP|Seven Sleepers (EP)}}
{{redirect|Ashab al-Kahf|the Iraqi Shia militant group|Ashab al-Kahf (militant group)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox saint
|name = Seven Sleepers
|birth_date=
|death_date=
|feast_day = 27 July 4 August, 22 October (Eastern Christianity)
|venerated_in = [[Islam]] [[Catholic Church]] [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] [[Oriental Orthodox Church]]
|image=Seven sleepers (Menologion of Basil II).jpg
|imagesize=
|caption = [[Illuminated manuscript|Illustration]] from the ''[[Menologion of Basil II]]''
|birth_place=
|death_place=
|titles=
|beatified_date=
|beatified_place=
|beatified_by=
|canonized_date= [[Pre-congregation|Pre-Congregation]]
|attributes=
|patronage=
|major_shrine=
|suppressed_date=
|issues=
}}

[[Image:7sleepersmedievalmanuscript.jpg|thumb|right|[[Decius]] orders the [[immurement|walling in]] of the Seven sleepers<ref name= Fortescue>{{Cite Catholic Encyclopedia |wstitle=Seven Sleepers of Ephesus|volume=5 |last=Fortescue|first=Adrian}}</ref> From a 14th-century manuscript.]]
The '''Seven Sleepers''' ({{Langx|el|ἑπτὰ κοιμώμενοι|hepta koimōmenoi}};<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9s7AQAAMAAJ&dq=%CE%B5%CF%80%CF%84%CE%AC+%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9&pg=PA210|title=Koranion|date=January 6, 1886|publisher=Typographeion tōn katastēmatōn A. Kōnstantinidou|via=Google Books}}</ref> {{Langx|la|Septem dormientes}}), also known in [[Christianity]] as the '''Seven Sleepers of Ephesus''', and in [[Islam]] as '''Aṣḥāb al-Kahf''' (اصحاب الکهف, ''aṣḥāb al-kahf'', lit. '''Companions of the Cave'''),<ref name= Archer>{{cite journal |last=Archer |first=George |date=October 2016 |title=The Hellhound of the Qur'an: A Dog at the Gate of the Underworld |journal=[[Journal of Qur'anic Studies]] |location=[[Edinburgh]] |publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]] on behalf of the Centre for Islamic Studies at the [[School of Oriental and African Studies]] |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=1–33 |doi=10.3366/jqs.2016.0248 |eissn=1755-1730 |issn=1465-3591 |oclc=43733991}}</ref> is a [[Late antiquity|late antique]] [[Christianity|Christian]] legend, and a [[Qur'anic]] [[Islam]]ic story. It speaks about a group of youths who hid inside a cave around the year 250 AD to escape [[Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire|Roman persecutions of Christians]] and emerged many years later.<ref name= madain>{{cite web |title=Cave of Ashabe Kahf (The Cave of the Seven Sleepers) |website= Madain Project |url=https://madainproject.com/cave_of_ashab_e_kahf |access-date=2 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102114623/https://madainproject.com/cave_of_ashab_e_kahf |archive-date=2 November 2020}}</ref> The [[Qur'an]]ic version of the story appears in [[Sura 18]] ([[Q18:9–26|18:9–26]]).<ref name= Archer/>

The Seven Sleepers have been venerated as Christian saints since at least the 5th century as the "Holy Seven Youths" (Άγιοι Επτά Παίδες) in the Orthodox church;<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ορθόδοξος Συναξαριστής :: Άγιοι Επτά Παίδες εν Εφέσω |url=https://www.saint.gr/2218/saint.aspx |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=www.saint.gr}}</ref> in the Catholic Church, they are venerated individually.<ref name="NewAdvent">"The Seven Sleepers of Ephesus." In The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. Retrieved from https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05496a.htm</ref>

==Origins and propagation ==
The story appeared in several Syriac sources before [[Gregory of Tours]]'s lifetime (538–594). The earliest Syriac manuscript copy is in MS Saint-Petersburg No. 4, which dates to the 5th century.<ref name= WW>Witold Witakowski, [https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sleepers-of-Ephesus-Legend-of-the "Sleepers of Ephesus, Legend of the"], in ''Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition'', edited by [[Sebastian P. Brock]], Aaron M. Butts, [[George A. Kiraz]] and Lucas Van Rompay (Gorgias Press, 2011; online ed. Beth Mardutho, 2018).</ref>

The earliest known version of this story{{clarify |Contradicts the above: MS St-Pet. No. 4 is C5, and this one can even be C6 - maybe this is the oldest COMPLETE version? |date= February 2024}} is found in the writings of the Syriac bishop [[Jacob of Serugh]] ({{circa|450}}–521), who relies on an earlier Greek source, now lost.<ref name= horst/> Jacob of Serugh, an [[Edessa]]n poet-theologian, wrote a homily in verse on the subject of the Seven Sleepers,<ref name= Sabine>{{Cite web |first= S. |last= Baring-Gould |author-link= Sabine Baring-Gould |title= Curious myths of the Middle Ages |year= 1876 |publisher= Rivingtons |location= London |url= http://archive.org/details/curiousmythsofmi00bariuoft |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> which was published in the ''[[Acta Sanctorum]]''. Another sixth-century version gives eight sleepers in a Syrian manuscript in the [[British Museum]] (''Cat. Syr. Mss'', p. 1090).

Whether the original account was written in Syriac or Greek was debated, but today a Greek original is generally accepted.<ref name= BG>Bartłomiej Grysa, [http://czasopisma.upjp2.edu.pl/orientalia/article/view/1011 "The Legend of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus in Syriac and Arab Sources: A Comparative Study"], ''Orientalia Christiana Cracoviensia'' '''2''' (2010): 45–59.</ref><ref name= WW/> The pilgrim account ''[[De situ terrae sanctae]]'', written between 518 and 531, records the existence of a church dedicated to the sleepers in Ephesus.<ref name= WW/>

An outline of this tale appears in the 6th-century writings of [[Gregory of Tours]] and the ''History of the [[Lombards]]'' of [[Paul the Deacon]] (720–799).<ref>{{cite book |last=Liuzza |first=R. M. |date=2016 |editor1-last=Kears |editor1-first=Carl |editor2-last=Paz |editor2-first=James |title=Medieval Science Fiction |chapter=The Future is a Foreign Country: The Legend of the Seven Sleepers and the Anglo–Saxon Sense of the Past |publisher=[[King's College London]], Centre for Late Antique & Medieval Studies |page=66 |isbn=978-0-9539838-8-9}}</ref> The best-known Western version of the story appears in [[Jacobus de Voragine]]'s ''[[Golden Legend]]'' (1259–1266). It also appears in [[Bibliotheca Hagiographica Orientalis|BHO]] (''Pueri septem''),<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Peeters |first1=P. |url=http://archive.org/details/bibliothecahagio00peetuoft |title=Bibliotheca hagiographica orientalis |last2=Société de Bollandistes |date=1910 |publisher=Bruxellis, apud editores [Beyrouth (Syrie) Imprimerie catholique] |others=Robarts – University of Toronto |pages=1012–1022}}</ref> [[Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca|BHG]] (''Pueri VII'')<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bollandistes |url=http://archive.org/details/bibliothecahagi00boll |title=Bibliotheca hagiographica graeca |date=1909 |publisher=Bruxellis, Société des Bollandistes |others=PIMS – University of Toronto |pages=1593–1599}}</ref> and [[Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina|BHL]] ''Dormientes (Septem) Ephesi''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bollandists |url=http://archive.org/details/bibliothecahagio01boll |title=Bibliotheca hagiographica latina antiquae et mediae aetatis |date=1898 |publisher=Bruxellis: [s.n.] |others=PIMS – University of Toronto |pages=2313–2319}}</ref>

Accounts of the Christian legend are found in at least nine medieval languages and preserved in over 200 manuscripts, mainly dating to between the 9th and 13th centuries. These include 104 [[Latin]] manuscripts, 40 [[Greek language|Greek]], 33 [[Arabic]], 17 [[Syriac language|Syriac]], six [[Ethiopic]], five [[Coptic language|Coptic]], two [[Armenian language|Armenian]], one [[Middle Irish]], and one [[Old English]].<ref name= BG/><ref>[[Hugh Magennis (scholar)|Hugh Magennis]], [http://digital.library.leeds.ac.uk/298/1/LSE1991_pp43-56_Magennis_article.pdf "The Anonymous Old English Legend of the Seven Sleepers and its Latin Source"], ''Leeds Studies in English'', n.s. '''22''' (1991): 43–56.</ref> Byzantine writer [[Symeon the Metaphrast]] (died c. 1000) alluded to it.<ref name= Sabine/> It was also translated into [[Sogdian language|Sogdian]]. In the 13th century, the poet [[Chardri]] composed an [[Old French]] version. The ninth-century Irish calendar {{lang|sga|[[Félire Óengusso]]}} commemorates the Seven Sleepers on 7 August.<ref>{{cite book |last= Stokes |first= Whitley |author-link= Whitley Stokes (Celtic scholar) |title= The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee: Félire Óengusso Céli Dé |url= https://archive.org/details/martyrologyoeng01stokgoog |year=1905 |publisher= Harrison and Sons |page=[https://archive.org/details/martyrologyoeng01stokgoog/page/n62 4]}}</ref>

The legend was also translated into [[New Persian|Persian]], [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]], and [[Tatar language|Tatar]].<ref name= WW/>

===Dissemination in the West: story and relics===
[[File:Legendari di sancti istoriado uulgar, 1497 – (sette dormienti) - BEIC IE4411197.jpg|thumb|left|The Seven Sleepers in the ''[[Golden Legend]]'' (1497)]]

The story rapidly attained a wide diffusion throughout Christendom. It was popularized in the West by Gregory of Tours, in his late 6th-century collection of miracles, ''Glory of the Martyrs (De gloria martyrum)''.<ref name= Sabine/> Gregory claimed to have gotten the story from "a certain Syrian interpreter" (''Syro quidam interpretante''), but this could refer to either a Syriac- or Greek-speaker from the Levant.<ref name= WW/> During the period of the [[Crusades]], bones from the sepulchres near Ephesus, identified as relics of the Seven Sleepers, were transported to [[Marseille]], France, in a large stone coffin, which remained a trophy of the [[Abbey of St Victor, Marseille]].

The Seven Sleepers were included in the ''[[Golden Legend]]'' compilation, the most popular book of the later Middle Ages, which fixed a precise date for their resurrection, AD 478, in the reign of Theodosius{{dubious| No such regnal year for any Theodosius. |date= February 2024}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/golden235.htm |title=The Seven Sleepers |website=The Golden Legend |url-status=dead |quote=It is in doubt of that which is said that they slept three hundred and sixty-two years, for they were raised the year of our Lord four hundred and seventy-eight, and Decius reigned but one year and three months, and that was in the year of our Lord two hundred and seventy, and so they slept but two hundred and eight years. |archive-date=6 January 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030106115440/http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/golden235.htm }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Jacobus |editor-first=H.D. |editor-last=Madge |others=C.M. Watts (illustrator) |date=1899 |author-link=Jacobus de Voragine |title=Leaves from the Golden Legend |chapter=XV — The Seven Sleepers |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EIMSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA167 |pages=174–175 |quote=It is doubt of that which is said that they slept ccclxii. years. For they were raised the year of Our Lord IIIICLXXXIII. And Decius reigned but one year and three months and that was in the year of our Lord CC and LXX., and so they slept but iic. and viii. years. |via=Google Books }}</ref>

==Christian story==
[[File:Seven sleepers.jpg|thumb|A 19th century German votive painting of the Seven Sleepers. The writing says ''Bittet für uns Ihr hl. sieben Schläfer'' (''Pray for us, Holy Seven Sleepers'').]]

The story says that during the [[persecution of Christians|persecutions]] by the Roman emperor [[Decius]], around AD 250, seven young men were accused of following [[Christianity]]. They were given time to recant their faith but refused to bow to Roman idols. Instead, they chose to give their worldly goods to the poor and retire to a mountain cave to pray, where they fell asleep. The Emperor, seeing that their attitude towards [[paganism]] had not improved, ordered the mouth of the cave to be sealed.<ref name= Fortescue/>
[[File:Siebenschläferkirche in Rotthof (Ruhstorf an der Rott) aussen Südseite - Siebenschläfer-Reliefs 1 und 2 - Bild 2.jpg|thumb|right|Roman [[headstone]]s misinterpreted as to show the Seven Sleepers, in a [[:de:Siebenschläferkirche (Rotthof)|Church in Rotthof, Germany, named after the legend]]]]

Decius died in 251, and many years passed during which Christianity went from being persecuted to being the [[State church of the Roman Empire|state religion of the Roman Empire]]. At some later time—usually given as during the reign of [[Theodosius II]] (408–450)—in AD 447 when heated discussions were taking place between various schools of Christianity about the resurrection of the body in the day of judgement and life after death, a landowner decided to open up the sealed mouth of the cave, thinking to use it as a cattle pen. He opened it and found the sleepers inside. They awoke, imagining that they had slept but one day, and sent one of their number to Ephesus to buy food, with instructions to be careful.<ref name= Sabine/>

Upon arriving in the city, this person was astounded to find buildings with crosses attached; the townspeople were astounded to find a man trying to spend old coins from the reign of Decius. The bishop was summoned to interview the sleepers; they told him their miracle story, and died praising God.<ref name= Fortescue/>

The Seven Sleepers' various lives in Greek and other non-Latin languages are listed at [[Bibliotheca Hagiographica Orientalis|''BHO'']].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/bibliothecahagio00peetuoft|title=Bibliotheca hagiographica orientalis|first1=P.|last1=Peeters|last2=Société de Bollandistes|date=25 October 2018|publisher=Bruxellis, apud editores [Beyrouth (Syrie) Imprimerie catholique]|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>

==Islamic story==
{{main|Al-Kahf}}
[[File:Berlin,_Pertsch_Persisch_1016_fol_187r_Seven_Sleepers.jpg|thumb|Islamic [[Persian miniature]] of the Sleepers from a 1577 [[Qisas al-Anbiya|''Stories of the Prophets'']] manuscript.]]
Al-Kahf ({{langx|ar|الكهف|lit=the Cave}}) is the [[List of chapters in the Quran|18th chapter]] ([[sūrah]]) of the [[Quran|Qur'an]] with 110 verses ([[āyāt]]). Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation (''[[asbāb al-nuzūl]]''), it is an earlier [[Meccan surah]], which means it was revealed before Muhammad's [[hijrah]] to Medina instead of after. It is the midst sura of quran having the midst word "walyatalattaf" (وَلْيَتَلَطَّفْ), meaning "let him be kind".<ref>{{cite web |title=الدعاء عند وليتلطف في سورة الكهف لأنها منتصف القرآن|url=https://www.islamweb.net/ar/fatwa/393679/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF-%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%81-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D9%81-%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86|website=www.islamweb.net|access-date=26 August 2025|language=ar}}</ref>

The Quran tells that the polytheists (''[[mushrik]]s'') of [[Mecca]], after consulting with the [[people of the Book]], tested Muhammad by asking him three questions, and Surah Al-Kahf was sent down in answer to them.{{Clarify|reason=This information is not self-evident from the text of the Quran|date=December 2025}} The ''mushriks'' inquired about the identity of the Sleepers of the Cave, the real story of [[Khidr]], and about [[Dhu al-Qarnayn]].<ref>{{Cite book |author=[[Abul A'la Maududi]] |chapter= 18. Surah Al Kahf (The Cave) |title= Tafhim-ul-Quran |trans-title= The Meaning of the Qur'an |via= englishtafsir.com |url= http://www.englishtafsir.com/quran/18/index.html |access-date= 2023-02-16}}</ref>

The story of the Companions of the Cave ({{langx|ar|أصحاب الکهف|translit='aṣḥāb al-kahf}}) is referred to in [[Al-Kahf|Surah Al-Kahf]] ([[Quran 18:9-26]]).<ref name= Archer/> The precise number of sleepers is not stated. The Quran furthermore states that people, shortly after the incident emerged, started to make "idle guesses" as to how many people were in the cave. To this, the Quran asserts, "My Sustainer knows best how many they were."<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Message of the Quran, by M. Asad, Surah 18:22}}</ref> Similarly, regarding the exact period of time the people stayed in the cave, the Quran, after asserting the guesswork of the people that "they remained in the cave for 300 years and nine added," resolves that "God knows best how long they remained [there]." The 9 years are often interpreted as the difference between solar and lunar years.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Message of the Quran, by M. Asad, Surah 18:25–26}}</ref> The Quran says that the sleepers included a dog, which Islamic tradition names as [[Qitmir (dog)|Qitmir]], who guarded the entrance of the cave (verse 18).<ref name= Archer/>

==Number and names==
===Jewish and Christian versions===
Early versions do not all agree on or even specify the number of sleepers. Some Jewish circles and the [[Christian community of Najran|Christians of Najran]] believed in only three brothers; the [[Church of the East|East Syriac]], five.<ref name= BG/> Most Syriac accounts have eight, including a nameless watcher whom God sets over the sleepers.<ref name= WW/><ref>{{cite book |last= Griffith |first= Sidney |editor-last= Reynolds |editor-first= Gabriel Said |chapter= Christian lore and the Arabic Qur'ān: The "Companions of the Cave" in ''Sūrat al-Kahf'' and in Syriac Christian tradition |title= The Quran in its Historical Context |publisher= Routledge |year= 2008 |pages= 109-137 (127-128) |via= academia.edu |url= https://www.academia.edu/4673572 |access-date= 25 June 2022}}</ref> A 6th-century Latin text titled "Pilgrimage of Theodosius"{{clarify |Sure it's not "De situ terrae sanctae" (has article)? If so: already mentioned, different title. It was initially poorly quoted here, also no URLs, so any mistake is plausible. |date= February 2024}} featured the sleepers as seven people in number, with a dog named Viricanus.<ref name= Reynolds>Reynolds, Gabriel Said (2018). ''The Qur'an and the Bible: Text and Commentary''. Yale University Press, p. 454.</ref><ref>Tobias Nicklas in: C. R. Moss et al., eds. (2017), ''The Other Side: Apocryphal Perspectives on Ancient Christian "Orthodoxies"'', p. 26.</ref>

Bartłomiej Grysa lists at least seven different sets of names for the sleepers:<ref name= BG/>
* Maximian, Martinian, Dionisius, John, Constantine, Malchus, Serapion
* Maximilian, Martinian, Dionisius, John, Constantine, Malkhus, Serapion, Anthony
* Maximilian, Martinian, Dionisius, John, Constantine, Yamblikh (Iamblichus), Anthony
* Makṯimilīnā (Maksimilīnā, Maḥsimilīnā), Marnūš (Marṭūs), Kafašṭaṭyūš (Ksōṭōnos), Yamlīḫā (Yamnīḫ), Mišlīnā, Saḏnūš, Dabranūš (Bīrōnos), Samōnos, Buṭōnos, Qālos (according to aṭ-Ṭabarī and [[ad-Damīrī]])
* Achillides, Probatus, Stephanus, Sambatus, Quiriacus, Diogenus, Diomedes (according to Gregory of Tours)
* Ikilios, Fruqtis, Istifanos, Sebastos, Qiryaqos, Dionisios (according to [[Michael the Syrian]])
* Aršellītīs, Probatios, Sabbastios, Stafanos, Kīriakos, Diōmetios, Avhenios (according to the Coptic version)
In the modern Orthodox Church, they are named

* Μαξιμιλιανός (Maximilian), Ἰάμβλιχος (Iamblichus), Μαρτινιανός (Martinian), Διονύσιος (Dionysius), Ἀντωνῖνος (Antoninus) (or Ἰωάννης (John)), Κωνσταντῖνος (Constantine), and Ἐξακουστοδιανός (Exacoustodian);<ref name=":0" />

and in the modern Catholic Church, as

* Maximianus, Malchus, Martinianus, Dionysius, Joannes, Serapion, and Constantinus.<ref name="NewAdvent" />*

===Islamic view===
The Qur'an does not state the exact number of sleepers in the cave. [[Al-Kahf#Summary|Qur'an 18:22]] discusses the disputes regarding their numbers. The verse says:

<blockquote>Some will say, "They were three, their dog was the fourth," while others will say, "They were five, their dog was the sixth," only guessing blindly. And others will say, "They were seven and their dog was the eighth." Say, O Prophet, "My Lord knows best their exact number. Only a few people know as well." So do not argue about them except with sure knowledge, nor consult any of those who debate about them.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://quran.com/18/22 | title=Surah Al-Kahf - 22 }}</ref></blockquote>

==Duration==
===Christian accounts===
The number of years the sleepers slept also varies between accounts. The highest number, given by Gregory of Tours, was 373 years. Some accounts have 372. [[Jacobus de Voragine]] calculated it at 196 (from the year 252 until 448).<ref name= BG/> Other calculations suggest 195.<ref name= WW/>

==Caves of the Seven Sleepers==
Several sites<ref name= madain/> are attributed as the "Cave of the Seven Sleepers," but none could empirically prove to be the original site associated with the legend. As the earliest versions of the legend spread out from [[Ephesus]], an early Christian [[catacomb]] in that area came to be associated with it, attracting scores of pilgrims. On the slopes of Mount Pion (Mount Coelian) near Ephesus (near modern [[Selçuk]] in Turkey), the [[grotto]] of the Seven Sleepers with ruins of the religious site built over it was excavated in 1926–1928.<ref>[[Nancy Thomson de Grummond|de Grummond, N. T.]], ed., ''Encyclopedia of the History of Classical Archaeology'' (London & New York: Routledge, 1996), [https://books.google.com/books?id=LeE4CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA394 p. 394].</ref>{{rp|394}} The excavation brought to light several hundred graves dated to the 5th and 6th centuries. Inscriptions dedicated to the Seven Sleepers were found on the walls and in the graves. This grotto is still shown to tourists.

Other possible sites of the cave of the Seven Sleepers are in Damascus, Syria and [[Afşin]] and [[Tarsus, Mersin|Tarsus]], Turkey. Afşin is near the antique [[Roman Empire|Roman]] city of [[Arabissus]], to which the [[East Roman]] Emperor [[Justinian]] paid a visit. The site was a [[Hittites|Hittite]] temple, used as a Roman temple and later as a church in Roman and [[Byzantine]] times. The Emperor brought marble niches from Western Anatolia as gifts for it, which are preserved inside the [[Eshab-ı Kehf Kulliye]] mosque to this day. The [[Seljuks]] continued to use the place of worship as a church and a mosque. It was turned into a mosque over time, with the conversion of the local population to Islam.

A cave near [[Amman]], Jordan, also known as the [[Cave of Seven Sleepers]], which has eight smaller sealed tombs inside and a ventilation duct coming out of the cave.<ref name= LP>[https://www.lonelyplanet.com/jordan/amman/attractions/cave-of-the-seven-sleepers/a/poi-sig/1105549/361068 Cave of the Seven Sleepers] (at [[Lonely Planet]])</ref>

===List of notable sites===
====Asia Minor====
* {{ill |Eshab-ı Kehf Cave |de| Siebenschläferhöhle von Ephesos}}, [[Ephesus]], Turkey<ref name= madain/>
* [[Eshab-ı Kehf Cave]], [[Tarsus, Mersin|Tarsus]], Turkey<ref name= madain/>
* Grotto of the Seven Sleepers, [[İzmir]], Turkey<ref name= madain/>
* [[Eshab-ı Kehf Kulliye]], outside [[Afşin]], Turkey<ref name= madain/>
* [[Ashabi-Kahf in Nakhchivan]], [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]] of [[Azerbaijan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://azerbaijan24.com/about/azerbaijan_cities/nakhichevan/ashabi-kahf_cave/|title=Ashabi-Kahf cave in Nakhichevan|website=azerbaijan24.com|access-date=February 13, 2025|archive-date=December 10, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210062841/http://azerbaijan24.com/about/azerbaijan_cities/nakhichevan/ashabi-kahf_cave/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Middle East and North Africa====
* [[Mar Musa]], monastery in Syria<ref name= madain/>
* [[Mount Qasioun#Cave of the Seven Sleepers|Mount Qasioun]], Damascus, Syria
* [[Cave of the Seven Sleepers]], Al-Rajeb (Greater Amman), Jordan<ref name= madain/>
* Mosquée de Sept Dormants, [[Chenini]], [[Tunisia]]<ref name= madain/>

===Gallery===
<gallery caption="Caves regarded as the cave from the story of the Seven Sleepers">
File:Seven Sleeper Cave Entrance.jpg|Entrance to the cave, near [[Amman]], Jordan
File:Graves of the cave of seven sleepers.jpeg|Graves in the Cave of the Seven Sleepers, Jordan
File:Cave of seven sleepers.jpeg|Nameplate of the cave, Jordan
File:Seven-sleepers efesus turkey.jpg|The cave in [[Ephesus]], Turkey
File:Eshab-ı Kehf - panoramio.jpg|[[Eshab-ı Kehf Kulliye]] in [[Afşin]] with the cave inside, Turkey
File:137 Yediuyurlar.Tarsus.07.2006 resize.JPG|[[Eshab-ı Kehf Cave]] in [[Tarsus, Mersin|Tarsus]], Turkey
File:2025-06 Mosque sept chenini.jpg|Graves and minaret of Mosquée de Sept Dormants in [[Chenini]], [[Tunisia]]
</gallery>

==Modern literature==
===Early modern===
[[File:Famous German story of the collection, Life of the Saints, Der Heiligen Leben, including the legend of the Seven Sleepers, 15th century CE, Germany.jpg|thumb|The famous German story of the collection "Life of the Saints" (Der Heiligen Leben), including the legend of "the Seven Sleepers," 15th century, Germany]]
[[File:The Arabic story of Companions of the Cave, Qissat Ahl el-Kahaf, 1494 CE, origin unknown.jpg|thumb|The Arabic story of the Companions of the Cave (Seven Sleepers; Qissat Ahl el-Kahaf), 1494, origin unknown]]

The account had become proverbial in 16th-century Protestant culture. The poet [[John Donne]] could ask,

<poem>
I wonder, by my troth, what thou and I
Did, till we loved? Were we not weaned till then?
But sucked on country pleasures, childishly?
Or snorted we in the Seven Sleepers' den?—John Donne, "[[The Good-Morrow]]".</poem>

In [[John Heywood]]'s ''Play called the Four PP'' (1530s), the Pardoner, a Renaissance update of the protagonist in [[Geoffrey Chaucer|Chaucer]]'s "[[The Pardoner's Tale]]," offers his companions the opportunity to kiss "a slipper / Of one of the Seven Sleepers." Still, the relic is presented as absurdly as the Pardoner's other offerings, which include "the great-toe of the Trinity" and "a buttock-bone of Pentecost."<ref>{{cite book |title=Medieval and Tudor Drama |url=https://archive.org/details/medievaltudordra00john |url-access=registration |editor-first=John |editor-last=Gassner |location=New York |publisher=Applause |year=1987 |page=[https://archive.org/details/medievaltudordra00john/page/245 245] |isbn=9780936839844}}</ref>

Little is heard of the Seven Sleepers during [[the Enlightenment]], but the account revived with the coming of [[Romanticism]]. The ''Golden Legend'' may have been the source for retellings of the Seven Sleepers in [[Thomas de Quincey]]'s ''[[Confessions of an English Opium-Eater]]'', in a poem by [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]], [[Washington Irving]]'s "[[Rip van Winkle]]," and [[H. G. Wells]]'s ''[[The Sleeper Awakes]]''. It also might influence the motif of the "[[King asleep in mountain]]."[[Mark Twain]] did a burlesque of the story of the Seven Sleepers in Chapter 13 of Volume 2 of ''The Innocents Abroad''.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Unabridged Mark Twain |url=https://archive.org/details/unabridgedmarktw02twai |url-access=registration |author=Samuel Clements |editor=Lawrence Teacher |location=Philadelphia PA |publisher=Running Press |year=1976 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/unabridgedmarktw02twai/page/245 pp. 245–248]}}</ref>

===Contemporary===
[[Edward Gibbon]] gives different accounts of the story in ''[[The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire]]''.

The [[Serbia]]n writer [[Danilo Kiš]] retells the story of the Seven Sleepers in a short story, "The Legend of the Sleepers," from his book ''[[The Encyclopedia of the Dead]]''.

The [[Italy|Italian]] author [[Andrea Camilleri]] incorporates the story in his novel ''[[The Terracotta Dog]]'' in which the protagonist is led to a cave containing the titular watchdog (as described in the ''Qur'an'' and called "Kytmyr" in [[Sicily|Sicilian]] folklore) and the saucer of silver coins with which one of the sleepers is to buy "pure food" from the bazaar in Ephesus (''Qur'an'' 18.19). The Seven Sleepers are symbolically replaced by lovers [[Lisetta Moscato]] and [[Mario Cunich]], who were killed in their nuptial bed by an assassin hired by Lisseta's incestuous father and later laid to rest in a cave in the Sicilian countryside.

In [[Susan Cooper]]'s ''[[The Dark Is Rising]]'' series, Will Stanton awakens the Seven Sleepers in ''[[The Grey King]]'', and in ''[[Silver on the Tree]]'', they ride in the last battle against the Dark.

The ''Seven Sleepers'' series by [[Gilbert Morris]] takes a modern approach to the story in which seven teenagers must be awakened to fight evil in a post-nuclear-apocalypse world.

[[John Buchan]] refers to the Seven Sleepers in ''[[The Three Hostages]],'' in which [[Richard Hannay]] surmises that his wife Mary, a sound sleeper, is descended from one of the seven who has married one of the [[Parable of the Ten Virgins|Foolish Virgins]].

The Seven Sleepers are mentioned in the "Les Invisibles" song on the 1988 [[Blue Öyster Cult]] album [[Imaginos]].

Several languages have idioms related to the Seven Sleepers, including:
* [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: ''hétalvó'', literally a "seven-sleeper," or "one who sleeps for an entire week," is a colloquial reference to a person who oversleeps or who is typically drowsy.<ref>Kohler, W. C., & Kurz, P. J., ''Hypnosis in the Management of Sleep Disorders'' (London & New York: [[Routledge]], 2018), [https://books.google.com/books?id=1EcrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 p. 8].</ref>{{rp|8}}
* [[Irish language|Irish]]: "Na seacht gcodlatáin" refers to hibernating animals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/codlat%C3%A1n|title=Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla (Ó Dónaill): codlatán|website=www.teanglann.ie}}</ref>
* [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]: a late riser may be referred to as a ''syvsover'' ("seven sleeper")<ref>[https://ordbok.uib.no/perl/ordbok.cgi?OPP=+syvsover&ant_bokmaal=5&ant_nynorsk=5&begge=+&ordbok=begge Entry for '''syvsover'''], ''Sprakradet'', [[Language Council of Norway]].</ref>
* [[Swedish language|Swedish]]: a late riser may be referred to as a ''sjusovare'' ("seven sleeper").<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.saob.se/artikel/?seek=sjusovare+&pz=1#U_S2777_48588|title=sju-sovare | SAOB}}</ref>
* [[Welsh language|Welsh]]: a late riser may be referred to as a ''saith cysgadur'' ("seven sleeper") – as in the 1885 novel ''[[Rhys Lewis (novel)|Rhys Lewis]]'' by [[Daniel Owen]], where the protagonist is referred to as such in chapter 37, p. 294 (Hughes a'i Fab, [[Caerdydd]], 1948).

==Feast day==
The most recent edition of the ''[[Roman Martyrology]]'' commemorates the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus under the date of 27 July.<ref>''[[Martyrologium Romanum]]'', editio altera, (Typis Vaticanis, 2004, p. 416 {{ISBN|88-209-7210-7}})</ref> The [[Byzantine calendar]] commemorates them with feasts on 4 August and 22 October. [[Syriac Orthodox]] calendars gives various dates: 21 April, 2 August, 13 August, 23 October and 24 October.<ref name= WW/>

== Pop culture ==
[[The Men of Angelos]], also known as The Companions of the Cave, is a 1997 famous [[Iranian cinema|Iranian]] television series directed by [[Farajollah Salahshoor]]. It depicts the story of the Seven Sleepers, according to the Quran.

==See also==
*[[Epimenides]]
*[[King asleep in mountain]]
*[[Rip Van Winkle]]
*[[Seven Sleepers' Day]]
*The Three Sleepers: characters in the [[C. S. Lewis]] [[Children's literature|children's novel]] ''[[The Voyage of the Dawn Treader]]''

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name= horst>{{cite conference |author= Pieter W. van der Horst |author-link=Pieter Willem van der Horst |title= Pious Long-Sleepers in Greek, Jewish, and Christian Antiquity |conference= The Thirteenth International Orion Symposium: Tradition, Transmission, and Transformation: From Second Temple Literature through Judaism and Christianity in Late Antiquity |date=February 2011 |location=Jerusalem, Israel |pages=14–15 |conference-url= http://orion.mscc.huji.ac.il/symposiums/13th/main.shtml
|url= http://orion.mscc.huji.ac.il/symposiums/13th/papers/Horst.pdf}}</ref>

}}

== Bibliography ==
*{{cite book|chapter = [[s:Ælfric's Lives of Saints/Of the Seven Sleepers|Of the Seven Sleepers]]|title = Ælfric's Lives of Saints|year = 1881| publisher = London, Pub. for the Early English text society, by N. Trübner & co.|author=[[Ælfric of Eynsham]]}}
*{{Cite book |last=Gennaro Zurolo |title=Regesto del documento d'archivio del XVIII secolo riguardante la cappella gentilizia della famiglia Pisacane sotto il titolo di S. Maria di Montevergine |publisher=Panacèa Onlus |year=2013 |publication-place=Angri (SA) |language=LA, IT |trans-title=Register of the 18th century archive document regarding the noble chapel of the Pisacane family under the title of S. Maria di Montevergine}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101120065119/http://www.submission.ws/download-quran-the-final-testament/chapters-suras-quran/sura-18-the-cave-al-kahf.html Quran–Authorized English Version] The Cave- Sura 18 – Quran – Authorized English Version
* [http://www.bartleby.com/210/7/272.html "SS. Maximian, Malchus, Martinian, Dionysius, John, Serapion, and Constantine, Martyrs"], ''Butler's Lives of the Saints''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928031735/http://www.breviary.net/martyrology/mart07/mart0727.htm Text containing the Seven Sleepers' commemoration as part of the Office of Prime.]
* [[s:The Holy Qur'an/Al-Kahf|Sura al-Kahf at Wikisource]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030502024137/http://www.kusadasi.biz/sevensleepers.asp Photos of the excavated site of the Seven Sleepers cult.]
* [http://philologicumaequaevum.wordpress.com/2011/04/10/sevensleepers/ Gregory of Tours, The Patient Impassioned Suffering of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus translated by Michael Valerie]
* The Lives of the Seven Sleepers from ''The Golden Legend'' by Jacobus de Voragine, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120415100717/http://saints.sqpn.com/golden235.htm William Caxton Middle English translation.]
* The Seven Sleepers of Ephesus by Chardri, translated into English by Tony Devaney Morinelli: Medieval Sourcebook. [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/7Sleepers.html fordham.edu]
* [https://roep.site.ox.ac.uk/article/the-old-english-legend-of-the-seven-sleepers-by-hugh-magennis, The Old English Legend of the Seven Sleepers, by Hugh Magennis, ''ROEP: Resources for Old English Prose'', University of Oxford, 2025]

{{Characters and names in the Quran}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Medieval legends]]
[[Category:Legendary Greek people]]
[[Category:Saints from Roman Anatolia]]
[[Category:Groups of Christian martyrs of the Roman era]] 
[[Category:Groups of Roman Catholic saints]]
[[Category:Quranic narratives]]
[[Category:Sleep in mythology and folklore]]
[[Category:3rd-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:Rip Van Winkle-type stories]]
[[Category:Dogs in religion]]
[[Category:Decian persecution]]
[[Category:Ancient Ephesians]]
[[Category:Septets in religion]]
[[Category:Christianity and Islam]]

Lakes in Hyderabad

2026-03-20T21:00:25Z

JerilynSturgess:

{{Short description|Features of the capital of Telangana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Lakes in Hyderabad
| image = Water bodies and rivers map of hyderabad.jpg
| caption = Water bodies and lakes of Hyderabad
| area = ≈{{cvt|40|km2}}
| volume = ≈50 million m³ - 100million m³ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ
(1.77 billion ft³ - ㅤㅤㅤ3.53 billion ft³)
| date-built = Late 1600's - Early 1700's
| location = Hyderabad
}}

[[File:Blue water,hussian sagar lake,hyderabad,A.P - panoramio.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Hussain Sagar]] is the biggest lake in Hyderabad.]]
The Indian city of [[Hyderabad]] was known as '''City of Lakes'''. Some of these lakes are natural and various are man made bodies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-hyderabad-floods-2020-lakes-6821184/|title=Explained: Why the 2,800 lakes in Hyderabad could not prevent a flood this year|date=21 October 2020 }}</ref> As per various sources only a few decades back, Hyderabad had a large number of [[water bodies]] such as lakes, reservoirs, rivers, streams, aquaculture ponds, tanks, etc (as per some sources between 3000 and 7000 including natural and manmade bodies. Locally known as ''cheruvu, kunta, tanks'' ).

Most of these lakes and tanks were built during the regime of Qutub Shah in 16th and 17th century and later by Nizams as a source of drinking water for the residents of Hyderabad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://watertales.wwfindia.org/water_story_hyderabad.php |title=Why Is Hyderabad Running Out of Water? |publisher=[[World Wildlife Fund]] |access-date=2018-11-08}}</ref><ref name=blue>{{cite web|url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/downloads/hybad_dos.pdf| title=Hyderabad's water blues: Lakes, rivers fall prey to urbanisation |publisher=RainWaterHarvesting.org |access-date=2018-11-08}}</ref>
[[File:KhajagudaLake.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Khajaguda Talab]]
[[File:Himayath sagar lake view.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Himayat Sagar]] which was once a major source of drinking water for Hyderabad]]

As of 2025, the [[Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority]] currently keeps record of 2959 lakes in the Hyderabad metropolitan area and 27 lakes in the city of hyderabad.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lakes.hmda.gov.in/|title=Lakes}}</ref>

==Destruction of lakes==
As per the data from National Remote Sensing Centre, between 1979 and 2023 there has been a reduction of 61% in city’s lake area. Area occupied by 56 lakes were examined and it was found that the total area of these lakes has shrunk from 40.35 km2 (15.58 sq mi) 16 km2 (6.2 sq mi).Most of these lakes have totally disappeared and the surface area of most of the surviving lakes have shrunken and turned to tiny ponds and cesspool.<ref>{{cite news |last=B. |first=Nitin |date= 2018-12-28|title= Say your goodbyes to Hyderabad lakes |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/say-your-goodbyes-hyderabad-lakes-citys-water-bodies-shrinking-stinking-mess-54934|language=en|work=The NEWS Minute|location=Hyderabad |access-date=2018-11-05}}</ref>

Some of the lakes which have totally disappeared are Tigal Kunta, Somajiguda Tank, Mir Jumla tank, Pahar Tigal Kunta, Kunta Bhawani Das, Nawab Saheb Kunta, Afzalsagar, Nallakunta, Masab Tank etc.<ref>{{cite report |author=Ravi Kumar |date=September 2013 |title=Ground Water Brochure|url=http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Telangana/Hyderabad.pdf?bcsi_scan_50e22d9f1bebc2c5=0&bcsi_scan_filename=Hyderabad.pdf |access-date=2018-11-08 |department=Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India |location=Hyderabad}}</ref>

Hussainsagar Lake, Kunta Mallaiyapalli have also shrunk drastically.<ref>{{cite news |last= Nanisetti |first=Serish |date= 2017-10-14|title= In Hyderabad, lakes are nothing but urban myths |url= https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/in-hyderabad-lakes-are-nothing-but-urban-myths/article19862817.ece|language=en |work=[[The Hindu]] | location=Hyderabad |access-date=2018-11-05}}|</ref>

Out of thousands of water bodies those were existing in 1970s in various sizes in and around Hyderabad, today only about 500 of them have survived. Most of them have disappeared due to encroachment or have been illegally drained for real estate projects by private or government agencies. The existing lakes have been used to dump garbage and sewage water. Most of these lakes and tanks were built during the regime of Qutub Shah in 16th and 17th century and later by Nizams as a source of drinking water for the residents of Hyderabad.<ref name=blue/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://watertales.wwfindia.org/water_story_hyderabad.php |title=Why Is Hyderabad Running Out of Water? |publisher=[[World Wildlife Fund]] |access-date=2018-11-08}}</ref>

The [[Jubilee Bus Station]] is located where once the Picket lake used to exist. [[Madhapur]] the IT hub of Hyderabad once used to be a network of lakes. The ''MaSaheba Tank'' which is now [[Masab Tank]] has also almost disappeared and today is occupied by various residential and commercial buildings.<ref name="TimesIndAug24">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/hyderabads-lake-area-shrinks-by-61-in-44-years/articleshow/112478775.cms|title=61% of Hyderabad's lake area shrunk in 44 years|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=2024-08-13|last=Rajani|first=Amisha|access-date=2024-10-14}}</ref>

The area of Hussain Sagar, which is the largest lake in Hyderabad shrunk by more than 40% i.e. from 550 ha to 349 ha in just 30 years. This lake was built in 1575 AD and since 1930 is not being used as a source for drinking water.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cseindia.org/cases-on-protection-of-lakes-2563 |title=Cases on Protection of Lakes |date= 2011-05-09|publisher= Centre for Science and Environment|access-date= 2018-11-08}}</ref>

Similarly, the area occupied by Shamirpet lake shrunk from 486 ha in 1989 to 256 ha in 2006. In total about 3245 ha of water bodies were lost in 12 years (from 1989 to 2001) as per the report by [[Anjal Prakash]].<ref>{{cite report |last1= Prakash |first1=Anjal|date=2013-03-04 |title=Lakes of Hyderabad: Would they survive? |url=https://cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/anjal_prakash_hydlakes.pdf|access-date=2018-11-09|department=South Asia Consortium for Interdisciplinary Water Resources Studies|location= Hyderabad|publisher= Centre for Science and Environment|publication-place=New Delhi }}</ref>

==Lake Revival Efforts by HMDA==

The Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA) has been actively involved in the restoration and rejuvenation of lakes within the Hyderabad Metropolitan Region, focusing on ecological rehabilitation, water quality improvement, groundwater recharge, and environmental sustainability.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hmda.gov.in/ |title=Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority |access-date=September 1, 2025}}</ref>

Following a High Court directive, HMDA and GHMC identified ten priority lakes for immediate rejuvenation, including Durgam Cheruvu, Malkam Cheruvu, Kapra Lake, and Hussainsagar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/hc-seeks-lakes-revival-report-from-state-government-within-week/articleshow/65988964.cms |title=HC seeks lakes' revival report from state government |publisher=The Times of India |date=September 2018 |access-date=September 1, 2025}}</ref> More recently, 12 lakes were earmarked for revival, such as Bathukammakunta in Amberpet and Mundikunta near the Hyderabad International Convention Centre.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news9live.com/city/hyderabad/hmda-ghmc-announces-revival-of-12-lakes-in-hyderabad-check-list-of-waterbodies-2751905 |title=HMDA, GHMC announces revival of 12 lakes in Hyderabad |publisher=News9Live |date=December 2024 |access-date=September 1, 2025}}</ref>

{{wide image|Durgam Cheruvu Panorama.jpg|1800px|alt=Durgam Cheruvu panorama|Panoramic view of the city of [[Hyderabad]] from the recently renovated Durgam Cheruvu lake (scroll on the photo to see the entire lake) }}

The Hyderabad Disaster Response & Asset Protection Agency ([[HYDRAA]]) has taken up six lake restoration projects, including Bathukamma Kunta, which began refilling naturally after decades of neglect.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://urbanacres.in/hyderabad-lake-revival-gains-momentum-as-bathukamma-kunta-begins-to-fill-after-decades/ |title=Hyderabad Lake Revival Gains Momentum as Bathukamma Kunta begins to fill |publisher=Urban Acres |date=August 2025 |access-date=September 1, 2025}}</ref> [[HYDRAA]] has set a target to complete all six projects by mid-2025 and even developed a 3D transformation model for Nalla Cheruvu in Uppal.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/hydraa-starts-work-to-restore-6-city-lakes/articleshow/118366980.cms |title=HYDRAA starts work to restore 6 city lakes |publisher=The Times of India |date=March 2025 |access-date=September 1, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.siasat.com/lake-rejuvenation-across-hyderabad-a-priority-says-hydraa-chief-3190540/ |title=Lake rejuvenation across Hyderabad a priority, says HYDRAA chief |publisher=Siasat |date=April 2025 |access-date=September 1, 2025}}</ref>

Private firms have also collaborated with HMDA, such as the Kotha Cheruvu project with GEF India and The Durgam Cheruvu project with raheja or the malkam cheruvu project with Aparna Real estate.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/firm-joins-hands-with-hmdato-rejuvenate-kokapet-lake/articleshow/117158031.cms |title=Firm joins hands with HMDA to rejuvenate Kokapet lake |publisher=The Times of India |date=January 2025 |access-date=September 1, 2025}}</ref>
To coordinate lake conservation efforts, HMDA established the Lake Protection Committee, responsible for monitoring and safeguarding urban water bodies.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hmda.gov.in/lake-protection-committee/ |title=Lake Protection Committee – Hyderabad – HMDA |access-date=September 1, 2025}}</ref>

==Lakes of Hyderabad==
A compiled list of lakes, their ID, District, Mandal and related news can be found on the government website of HMDA.

[https://lakes.hmda.gov.in/ HMDA Government website]

These are some of the most famous lakes in hyderabad with a short description of them,

1. [[Hussain Sagar]]
Area: 5.7 km²

Location: Hyderabad, Telangana

Details: An artificial lake built in 1562, it was once the main source of drinking water for the city.

2. [[Shamirpet Lake]]
Area: 4.9 km²

Location: Shamirpet, Hyderabad

Details: An artificial lake built during the Nizam era in the 19th century, popular for its scenic beauty and as a picnic spot.

3. [[Fox Sagar Lake]]
Area: 2 km²

Location: Jeedimetla, Hyderabad

Details: A man-made lake constructed in 1897, it was once a major source of drinking water for Secunderabad.

4. [[Himayat Sagar]]
Area: 19.68 km²

Location: Ranga Reddy, Telangana

Details: An artificial lake built in 1927 to supply drinking water to Hyderabad and to protect the city from floods.

5. [[Osman Sagar]]
Area: 46 km²

Location: Hyderabad, Telangana

Details: Constructed in 1920, it serves as a major reservoir supplying drinking water to the city.

6. [[Durgam Cheruvu]]
Area: 0.34 km²
Location: Hyderabad, Telangana

Details: Also known as 'Secret Lake,' it served as a drinking water source during the Qutb Shahi dynasty. It has a total of 140 species of birds and is the most famous lake in hyderabad as of September 2025.

7. [[Saroornagar Lake]]
Area: 0.4 km²
Location: Hyderabad, Telangana

Details: Created in 1626, it was restored in 2003–04 and is now home to various migratory birds.

8. [[Ameenpur Lake]]
Area: 0.38 km²

Location: Ameenpur, Hyderabad

Details: Recognized as India's first Biodiversity Heritage Site, this lake is home to numerous migratory bird species.

9. [[Rukn-ud-Daula lake]]
Area: 0.42 km²

Location: Shivrampally, Hyderabad

Details: Constructed in 1770 by Nawab Rukn-ud-Daula, it was built to meet the drinking water supply needs.

10. [[Mir Alam Tank]]
Area: 1.2 km²

Location: Central Hyderabad

Details: The largest lake in the Old City, it is the site of the Nehru Zoological Park.

==See also==
* Stepwells in Hyderabad
* [[Lakes in Bangalore]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Asia topic|List of lakes in}}

{{Commons category|Lakes in Hyderabad, India}}

[[Category:Lists of lakes of India|H]]
[[Category:Hyderabad, India-related lists|L]]
[[Category:Lakes of Hyderabad, India| ]]

Shia Islam in India

2026-03-15T17:08:52Z

JerilynSturgess: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[Shia Islam in South Asia#Shi'ism in modern India]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R to section}}
{{R from merge}}
}}

Shadowbox (film)

2026-03-04T00:10:53Z

JerilynSturgess: adding new pg

{{Short description|2025 Indian film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Shadowbox
| image = Shadowbox (film) poster.jpg
| caption = Festival release poster
| director = {{plainlist|
* Tanushree Das
* Saumyananda Sahi
}}
| writer =
| screenplay = Saumyananda Sahi
| story = Tanushree Das
| producer = {{plainlist|
* Naren Chandavarkar
* [[Shaunak Sen]]
* Aman Mann
* Saumyananda Sahi
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Tillotama Shome]]
* Chandan Bisht
* Sayan Karmakar
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Saumyananda Sahi
| editing = Tanushree Das
| music = {{plainlist|
* Benedict Taylor
* Naren Chandavarkar
}}
| studio = {{plainlist|
* Jugaad Motion Pictures
* Bridge PostWorks
}}
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2025|2|16|[[75th Berlin International Film Festival|Berlinale]]|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = {{plainlist|
* India
* France
* United States
* Spain
}}
| language = Bengali
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Shadowbox''''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: '''''Baksho Bondi''''') is a 2025 [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language [[drama film]] co-directed by Tanushree Das and Saumyananda Sahi in their directorial debut. The film starring [[Tillotama Shome]] as Maya is set against the backdrop of a dusty Kolkata suburb, and is a powerful narrative of love, resilience, and the quiet strength of a working woman.<ref name="sb:hr">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/exclusive-tillotama-shome-starrer-shadowbox-baksho-bondi-to-debut-at-75th-berlin-international-film-festival |title= Exclusive – Tillotama Shome Starrer 'Shadowbox' ('Baksho Bondi') to Debut at 75th Berlin International Film Festival |author= THR Indian Team |website= [[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date= 21 January 2025 |access-date= 23 January 2025|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/tillotama-shomes-baksho-bondi-to-compete-in-perspective-section-of-berlinale-2025-3367273 |title= Tillotama Shome's 'Baksho Bondi' to compete in Perspective section of Berlinale 2025|date=22 January 2025|access-date=23 January 2025 |website= [[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}}</ref>

It was selected in Perspectives at the [[75th Berlin International Film Festival]] and was screened on 16 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/472576 |title= The Berlinale unveils the titles playing in its Competition and its Perspectives and Berlinale Special strands|author= Davide Abbatescianni |date=21 January 2025|access-date=23 January 2025 |website= [[Cineuropa]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="maincomp:sd">{{cite web |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/berlin-film-festival-reveals-2025-competition-line-up/5200946.article |title=Berlin film festival reveals 2025 competition line-up 2025 |first= Michael |last= Rosser |date=21 January 2025 |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[ScreenDaily]]|language=en}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
Maya lives with her husband, Sundar, and their son, Debu, in a Kolkata suburb. She works multiple jobs to support the family, while Sundar, an ex-soldier with [[Post-traumatic stress disorder]], faces ridicule. Debu cares for his father, torn between love and embarrassment. Maya’s family offers no support, disapproving of her marriage. Despite her urging, Sundar refuses to work. One night, he disappears and becomes a murder suspect. When he returns days later, terrified and hungry, the family faces its greatest test.

==Cast==
* [[Tillotama Shome]] as Maya
* Chandan Bisht as Sundar
* Sayan Karmakar as Debu
* Suman Saha as Ripon

==Release==

''Shadowbox'' had its world premiere on 16 February 2025, as part of the [[75th Berlin International Film Festival]], in Perspectives.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2025/01/berlin-film-festival-competition-line-up-2025-follow-live-1236262137/|title=Berlin Film Festival Lineup: Richard Linklater, Jessica Chastain, A$AP Rocky & Marion Cotillard Movies Among Vibrant Selection |last=Ntim |first=Zac |date=21 January 2025|access-date=23 January 2025 |website= [[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2025/programme/202503874.html |title= Shadowbox |work=Berlinale |date=4 February 2025 |access-date=16 February 2025}}</ref>

==Accolades==

The film selected in the newly formed Perspectives competition will compete for Best First Feature Award.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2025/news-press-releases/261716.html |title=The Programme of Perspectives |work=Berlinale |date=21 January 2025 |access-date=23 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2025/news-press-releases/256772.html |title=Berlinale Launches Perspectives, a New International Competition for Feature-Length Fiction Debuts, Strengthening the Profile of New Talent Within the Festival |date=2 July 2024 |access-date=23 January 2025}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! Award
! Date of ceremony
! Category
! Recipient
! Result
! {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="1"|[[Berlin International Film Festival]]
| rowspan="1"|[[75th Berlin International Film Festival|23 February 2025]]
| GWFF Best First Feature Award
| rowspan="2"|''Shadowbox''
| {{Nom}}
| align="center" | <ref name="osc:hr">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/berlin-film-festival-2025-lineup-competition-program-1236113007/ |title= Berlin Film Festival Lineup: Movies From Richard Linklater, Michel Franco, Hang Song-Soo in Competition (Full List) |author= Scott Roxborough |website= [[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date= 21 January 2025 |access-date= 23 January 2025|lang=en}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="1"|[[El Gouna Film Festival]]
| 27 October 2025
| Best Asian Narrative
| {{Won}}
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://streamlined.news/el-gouna-golden-stars-awarded-to-a-poet-always-agapito|last=Shackleton |first=Liz |title=El Gouna Golden Stars Awarded To 'A Poet', 'Always' & 'Agapito' |website=Streamlined |access-date=27 October 2025 |language=en |date=27 October 2025}}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt35503482}}
* {{Rotten tomatoes}}
* [https://www.berlinale.de/en/2025/programme/202503874.html ''Shadowbox''] at Berlinale

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:2025 drama films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:American drama films]]
[[Category:French drama films]]
[[Category:Spanish drama films]]
[[Category:2025 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kolkata]]

A. Yerukunaidu

2026-03-03T20:01:31Z

JerilynSturgess: new a info...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
'''Allu Yerukunaidu''' was an Indian politician. Around the time of the 1951-1952 elections, A. Yerukunaidu was part of the [[Indian National Congress]] faction around the [[Srikakulam District]] Congress leader B. Kurmanna.<ref name=dsna>Suran Naidu, D.. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/The_Congress_Party_in_Transition/KVKKAAAAMAAJ The Congress Party in Transition: A Study in Srikakulam District of Andhra Pradesh]''. National Book Organisation, 1991. p. 148</ref> The Congress Party fielded A. Yerukunaidu as its candidate in the [[Salur (Assembly constituency)|Salur constituency]] in the [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]. He finished in second place with 6,760 votes (18.60%).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150402191225/http://eci.nic.in//eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1951 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF MADRAS]''</ref>

Ahead of the [[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election]], there were tensions between the [[N. Sanjiva Reddy]] (whom B. Kurmanna supported) and [[Gouthu Latchanna]] within the Congress Party during the process of allocating tickets for candidatures. A. Yerukunaidu and others from the B. Kurmanna group were denied Congress tickets.<ref name=dsna/> A. Yerukunaidu joined the [[Praja Socialist Party]], and contested the Salur constituency (which was now a two-member constituency) as a PSP candidate. He was elected, obtaining 19,204 votes.<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150425011417/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1955/StatRep_AP_1955.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1955 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ANDHRA PRADESH]''</ref> Along with all 12 other PSP legislators in the state, A. Yerukunaidu sided with [[P.V.G. Raju]] in the 1955 party split and joined [[Ram Manohar Lohia]]'s [[Socialist Party of India (1955)|Socialist Party]].<ref>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=SkMMAQAAIAAJ New Age, Vol. 6]''. D. P. Sinha at New Age Printing Press, 1957. p. 18</ref><ref>''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/Indian_Year_Book/G5AjAQAAMAAJ Indian Year Book]''. Times of India Press, 1956. p. 286</ref>

A. Yerukunaidu rejoined the Congress Party in 1960, as [[P.V.G. Raju]] merged his group into the Indian National Congress.<ref>''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/Congress_Bulletin/1PAXAQAAIAAJ Congress Bulletin]''. Indian National Congress, 1960. p. 3</ref> The Congress Party fielded A. Yerukunaidu for reelection from Salur in the [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], but he lost the seat. A. Yerukunaidu finished in second place with 9,288 votes (23.93%).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150509065939/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_AP_1962.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1962 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ANDHRA PRADESH]''</ref>

A. Yerukunaidu died in the mid-1970s. The Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly died homage to him on February 26, 1975.<ref>''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/Debates_Official_Report/MxQgAQAAIAAJ Debates; Official Report]''. Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, 1976. pp. 190-192</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Naidu, Allu Yeruku}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Praja Socialist Party politicians]]
[[Category:Socialist Party of India (1955) politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1955–1962]]
[[Category:1970s deaths]]

Brahmarshi Viswamitra

2026-03-03T18:20:31Z

JerilynSturgess: Put Up Basic Details W/ Refs

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Brahmarshi Viswamitra
| image = Brahmarshi Vishwamitra.JPG
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]
| producer = N. T. Rama Rao
| writer = Naga Bhairava Koteswara Rao {{small|(dialogues)}}
| screenplay = N. T. Rama Rao
| starring = N. T. Rama Rao [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] [[Meenakshi Seshadri]]
| music = [[Ravindra Jain]]
| cinematography = [[Nandamuri Mohana Krishna]]
| editing = N. T. Rama Rao
| based_on = Life of [[Vishvamitra]]
| studio = NTR Charity Trust
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1991|4|19}}
| runtime = 148 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Brahmarshi Viswamitra''''' is a 1991 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Hindu mythological film]] directed and produced by [[N. T. Rama Rao]]. Based on the life of the sage [[Vishvamitra|Viswamitra]], the film marks Rama Rao's return to acting after a seven-year hiatus following his focus on politics. It stars Rama Rao alongside [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]], and [[Meenakshi Seshadri]], with music composed by [[Ravindra Jain]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Amarnath K. |date=15 April 1989 |title=After six years break, Andhra CM N.T. Rama Rao returns to celluloid world |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19890415-after-six-years-break-andhra-cm-n.t.-rama-rao-returns-to-celluloid-world-815995-1989-04-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918085354/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19890415-after-six-years-break-andhra-cm-n.t.-rama-rao-returns-to-celluloid-world-815995-1989-04-15 |archive-date=18 September 2019 |access-date=18 September 2019 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Amarnath K. |date=15 July 1989 |title=NTR's film Brahmarishi Viswamitra sparks off tussle between Telugu Desam and Congress(I) |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19890715-ntrs-film-brahmarishi-viswamitra-sparks-off-tussle-between-telugu-desam-and-congressi-816266-1989-07-15 |access-date=1 January 2021 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> The film also marks the debut of [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.|Jr. NTR]] as a child artist.<ref name=":0" /> Despite its notable cast, ''Brahmarshi Viswamitra'' was a [[Box-office bomb|disaster]] at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thanjavur |first=Kiran Kumar |date=26 April 2022 |title=NTR - NBK: నందమూరి బాలకృష్ణ రీమేక్ చేసిన తన తండ్రి ఎన్టీఆర్ ఓల్డ్ క్లాసిక్ సినిమాలు ఇవే.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/nbk-ntr-balakrishna-nandarmuri-remake-his-father-legendary-ntr-these-movies-here-are-the-list-ta-1280732-page-10.html |access-date=2024-12-25 |website=[[News18]] |language=te}}</ref>
== Plot ==
The film begins when Emperor Kaushika is hunting and visits [[Vasishta]]'s Ashram, where he notices a divine cow ''Kamadhenu'' which can afford all wishes. Kaushika pleads for prosperity from Vasishta. However, Kaushika tries to grab it when Vasishta denies it, and ''Kamadhenu'' disappears. Here, Kaushika's wisdom penance is more significant than strength. So, he renounces his kingdom, performs a vast, and achieves the Brahmarshi title, nobilitating as [[Vishvamitra]]. [[Trishanku]] belongs to [[Suryavansha]] and aspires to reach heaven with his mortal body when his mentor Vasishta curses him to form a horrific. Forthwith, he approaches Viswamitra, who accomplishes his desire, but [[Indra]] tosses him. Enraged, Viswamitra stops him in between and creates a new heaven by endorsing his penance, which he regenerates with his willpower.

Once, in the Indra court, Viswamitra confronted Vasishta, who said that a man with aim & determination is more powerful than the deities. Viswamitra opts [[Harishchandra]], ruler of [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]]. Firstly, he wishes for a huge amount, which he bestows without hesitation. Then, he creates two beauties, Matanga Kanyalu, to lure him, threatening to knit them or quit the kingdom. Harichandra relinquishes his kingdom when Viswamitra seeks his dues within a month and accompanies his sidekick, Nakshatraka. Ergo, Harishchandra proceeds to [[Varanasi|Kaasi]], where he spots an auction of people as enslaved. Due to lack of time, on the advice of his wife Chandramathi, he auctions her with his son Lohitha when [[Shiva|Siva]], in the form of Kaala Kaushika, shops them. Next, he peddles himself to the graveyard's King Veerabahu for travel expenses, Nakshatraka, and works as a guard at the burial ground. Tragically, Lohitha dies due to a snakebite while Chandramathi is performing his funeral; Harishchandra bars her for the fee, unbeknownst to actuality. Whereat, he indicates her wedding chain when she discerns him as her husband as it is invisible to others. Harishchandra does not yield even in such pathetic situations, so Chandramathi rushes for the amount. Then, Viswamitra illuminates that Chandramathi has abducted and slain Kaasiraju's son. The King dictates capital punishment to her and entrusts Harishchandra to execute it. Still, he stands on his true path. Suddenly, Viswamitra appears, proclaims the entirety of spreading his eminence to the universe, and acknowledges him with his penance power.

Eras roll by, Viswamitra intends to perform a ''Yaga'' impeded by two demons, [[Maricha]][[Subahu]]lu. So, he moves to Ayodhya and requests [[Dasaratha]] to send [[Rama]][[Lakshmana]] for its shield. At that point, he endorses the powerful weapons to them by which they destroy [[Tataka]] & Marichasubhahulu and complete the ritual. Following, [[Janaka]] announces [[Swayamvar]] to [[Sita]], and Viswamitra heads to Mithila with the siblings. Rama triumphs over the task of ace the world-renowned bow of Siva with the blessing of Viswamitra over [[Ravana]], who is fetched up without an invitation. Subsequently, Viswamitra blesses the newly married and moves to his penance.

After thousands of years, Indra attempts to foil it and sends [[Menaka]] when the two are glad for a baby girl. Anyhow, they expel her, and [[Kanva]] raises her as [[Shakuntala]] because birds covered her. Once [[Dushyanta]] empire of [[Hastinapur]] spots Shakuntala, he crushes & splices her as per the [[Gandharva]], and before returning, he gifts his royal ring to her as a token of love. One day, [[Durvasa]] visits Ashram, but Shakuntala loses her thoughts and fails to greet him when he curses that the one she dreams of will forget her. Afterward, he calms and states that he will regain his memory by viewing his token. Time passes, Shakuntala conceives, and Kanva sends her to Dushyanta. On the midway, while crossing a river, the ring slips off her finger and is swallowed by a fish. After landing therein, Dushyanta fails to recognize her. Humiliated, Shakuntala exits, and [[Kashyapa]] shelters her, where she delivers [[Bharata (Mahabharata)|Bharata]]. The anglers detect the ring in the belly of a fish and hand it to Dushyanta, who retrieves the past. He rushes for Shakuntala when he is startled to look at a boy playing with wild animals. Viswamitra gets here, reunites the couple, and blesses Bharata as [[India]]'s greatest ruler. At last, Viswamitra's penance summits to the [[Himalayas|Himalayan]], where he employs it for the universal welfare by preaching great ''[[Gayatri Mantra]]''. Finally, the movie ends happily with Viswamitra getting salvation as one of the stars at ''[[Saptarishi]] Mandalam''.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
*[[N. T. Rama Rao]] as [[Vishvamitra|Visvaamitra]] & [[Ravana]] ([[dual role]])
*[[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] as [[Harishchandra|Satya Harischandra]] & [[Dushyanta]] (dual role)
*[[Meenakshi Seshadri]] as [[Menaka]]
*[[Deepika Chikhalia]] as [[Harishchandra|Chandramathi]]
*[[Ganesh and Kumaresh]] as [[Rama]] and [[Lakshmana]]
*Madhumita as [[Shakuntala]]
*[[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjhad Khan]] as Veerabahu
*[[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]] as [[Vashista]]
*[[Suthi Velu]] as Nakshatraka
*[[Ashok Kumar (Telugu actor)|Ashok Kumar]] as [[Indra|Indhra]]
*KK Sarma as Kalakoushukudu
*Jaya Bhaskar as [[Trisanku]]
*[[Aruna Irani]] as Kalakoushukudu's wife
*[[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]] as Seetha
*[[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] as Shakuntala's friend
*Gayatri as Shakuntala's friend
*[[Disco Shanti]] as Matanga Kanya
*[[Kuyili (actress)|Kuyili]] as Matanga Kanya
*Master Amith as [[Harishchandra|Lohitha]]
*[[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]] as [[Bharata (Mahabharata)|Bharata]] (child role)
*[[Mikkilineni (actor)|Mikkilineni]] as [[Janaka]]
{{colend}}

== Production ==
''Brahmarshi Viswamitra'' marks the first screen appearance of [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]], who played [[Bharata (Mahabharata)|Bharata]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=20 May 2018 |title=Happy birthday Jr NTR: Here are five lesser-known facts about the 'Young Tiger' of Tollywood |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/jr-ntr-birthday-unknown-facts-5184061/ |access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=20 May 2019 |title=Happy Birthday Junior NTR: The Nandamuri scion sets the screens on fire in these 7 romantic numbers |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/happy-birthday-junior-ntr-the-nandamuri-scion-sets-the-screens-on-fire-in-these-7-romantic-numbers/articleshow/69408904.cms |access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref> Initially, actress [[Sridevi]] was approached for the role Menaka but she denied as her shooting schedule is packed.

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Brahmarshi Viswamitra
| type = film
| artist = [[Ravindra Jain]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1991
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 56:47
| label = [[Lahari Music]]
| producer = [[Ravindra Jain]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

Music composed by [[Ravindra Jain]]. Lyrics written by [[C. Narayana Reddy]]. Music released on [[Lahari Music]] Company.
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 56:47
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Endaro Bulipinchina
| extra1 = [[P. Susheela]], [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length1 = 6:18
| title2 = Priya Cheliya
| extra2 = [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[P. Susheela]]
| length2 = 7:55

| title3 = Ee Chinnadi
| extra3 = [[P. Susheela]], [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
| length3 = 5:27

| title4 = Ganga Taranga
| extra4 = [[K. J. Yesudas]]
| length4 = 2:04

| title5 = Ramaiah O Ramaiah
| extra5 = P. Susheela, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length5 = 6:22

| title6 = Jayathe Viswamitra Maharshi
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length6 = 16:45

| title7 = Kausalya Suprajarama
| extra7 = [[K. J. Yesudas]]
| length7 = 0:38
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|id=0259225}}

[[Category:1991 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1991 films]]
[[Category:Films based on the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Films based on the Ramayana]]
[[Category:Films directed by N. T. Rama Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ravindra Jain]]
[[Category:Hindu mythological films]]

Janeshwar Mishra Park

2026-02-08T01:14:07Z

JerilynSturgess: slightly reworked formatting per sources and corrected details for clarity

{{Short description|Urban park in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox park
| name = Janeshwar Mishra Park
| photo = Janeshwar Mishra Park.jpg
| photo_width =
| photo_caption =Man-made lake at the park premises.
| type = Public park
| location = [[Gomti Nagar]] in [[Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| map =
| map_width =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| coords = {{coord|26.834899|N|80.988686|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| area = 376 acres (1.52 km2)
| created = {{Start_date|2014}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Brace-for-London-like-outing-in-Lucknow/articleshow/39580364.cms|title=Brace for London-like outing in Lucknow |website=The Times of India |date=4 August 2014 |accessdate=5 August 2014}}</ref>
| operator = Lucknow Development Authority
| visitation_num =
| status = Open year round
| website =
}}
[[File:Pandit Janeshwar Mishra alias Chhote Lohia.jpg|thumb|Pandit Janeshwar Mishra's idol in the park.]]
'''Janeshwar Mishra Park''' is an [[urban park]] operating in [[Gomti Nagar]] in [[Lucknow]], India. It was named in memory of late politician [[Janeshwar Mishra]] from [[Samajwadi Party]].

==History==
The chief minister of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Akhilesh Yadav]] (session 2012–2017) laid the foundation stone of the park on 6 August 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Janeshwar-Mishra-Park-to-come-up-over-330-acres/articleshow/15368713.cms|title=Janeshwar Mishra Park to come up over 330 acres | Lucknow News |newspaper=The Times of India |date=6 August 2012 }}</ref> The park was a dream project of SP chief [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] who had asked his son and UP CM [[Akhilesh Yadav]] to dedicate a park in the name of [[Janeshwar Mishra]]. It was developed with a cost of 168 crores ($276,026.668).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Brace-for-London-like-outing-in-Lucknow/articleshow/39580364.cms|title = Brace for London-like outing in Lucknow | Lucknow News | newspaper=The Times of India | date=4 August 2014 }}</ref> The park was modeled with [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park in London]] as an inspiration. When it was inaugurated it was labelled as the largest public park of Asia.

==Features==
The architectural and development blueprint has been drafted by the prestigious New Delhi–based School of Planning and Architecture. The park has a long meandering walkway. There is an exclusive cycle track running over with cycle parking facility. Also, there are jogging track that can be used by professional athletes.

During the year 2024 various modern amenities were added to the park which includes a Jurassic era themed park and a 4D motion theatre.

The park boasts the following features:<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Brace-for-London-like-outing-in-Lucknow/articleshow/39580364.cms|title = Brace for London-like outing in Lucknow | Lucknow News | newspaper=The Times of India | date=4 August 2014 }}</ref>

* [[Green belt]] spread across the park.
* Lakes
* Sports centre and playground
* Open Air Gymnasium
* Cycle track
* Evening musical fountain and laser show
* Jogging track
* Paddle boating
* [[Amusement park|Jurassic Theme park]]
* Lawns
* Bicycle rental
* 4-D motion theatre
* Water bodies recharged through [[Rainwater harvesting|rain water harvesting]]
* Entire park is solar powered

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lucknow}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Lucknow]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Gardens in Lucknow]]
[[Category:Urban public parks]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Siddhantakaumudi

2026-01-29T06:20:17Z

JerilynSturgess: adding article - done

{{Short description|Sanskrit grammar book by Bhaṭṭoji Dīkṣita}}
{{Infobox book
| image = Siddhantakaumudi (Book Cover).jpeg
| author = Bhattoji Diksita
| pub_date = 1870
}}

'''''Siddhantakaumudi''''' ({{IAST|Siddhānta Kaumudī}}) is a book by [[Bhaṭṭoji Dīkṣita]] on [[Sanskrit grammar]]. Its full name ''Vaiyakaranasiddhantakaumudi''. Bhattoji Dixit composed Siddhanta Kaumudi on the basis of [[Prakriyakaumudi]]. He himself wrote [[Praudha Manorama Tika]] on this book.<ref name="original">{{Cite book |last=Dīkṣita |first=Bhaṭṭoji |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.485798 |title=Siddhanta Kaumudi- Preface and Contents; with English explanation |year=1700–1800 |location=Maharashtra, India |author-link=Bhaṭṭoji Dīkṣita}}</ref><ref name="trans">{{Cite web |title=Book information by government of India; Sanskrit book archived |url=http://indianculture.gov.in/rarebooks/siddhanta-kaumudi |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=www.indianculture.gov.in}}</ref> Bhattoji dikshita's disciple [[Varadarāja]] also became a great scholar of grammar. He composed [[Laghusiddhantakaumudi]].

In the ancient practice of studying [[Pānini|Paṇiniyān grammar]], the order of Paniniya sutrapath was considered as the basis. This sequence was difficult from the point of view of experiment, because formulas of different chapters had to be used to do the same experiment. Seeing this difficulty, there was a need to invent such a method in which all [[sutras]] necessary for the achievement of a particular experiment are available at one place.

As [[Western Countries|Western countries]] are being interested in Sanskrit, ''Siddhantakaumudi'' along with [[Astadhyayi]] and other books, are becoming widely researched.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shastri |first=Parth |date=28 February 2014 |title=West has revived knowledge in Sanskrit |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/west-has-revived-interest-in-sanskrit-logic-rhetoric/articleshow/31184749.cms |access-date=4 July 2023}}</ref>

== Contents of book ==
Siddhantakaumudi is more popular than [[Ashtadhyayi]]. The sutras of the Ashtadhyayi have been collected and explained under appropriate headings in permutations. Thus Siddhantakaumudi is more organized and can be easily understood.

Paniniyan sutras are defined such as
{{Blockquote| ''adeṅ guṇaḥ'' /1/1/2.({{lang|sa|अदेङ् गुणः}})
: {{IAST|idaṃ hrasvasya akārasya ekāra-okārayośca guṇasañjñāvidhāyakam sūtram. asya sūtrasya vṛttiḥ evamasti, ad eṅ. ca guṇasaṃjñaḥ syāt.}}
:: ''This is the formula for the property noun of the short {{IAST|a}}, the ekara ({{IAST|e}}) and the okara ({{IAST|o}}). The instinct of this formula is as follows, {{IAST|a}} and {{IAST|eṅ pratyāhara}}. It would be a quality ({{IAST|guṇa}}) noun.''|source=Siddhantakaumudi<ref name="trans"/>}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{Wikisource|sa|सिद्धान्तकौमुदी|Siddhantkaumudi}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110221095935/http://sanskritebooks.wordpress.com/2011/02/05/siddhanta-kaumudi-sanskrit-english-commentary-saradaranjan-ray-kumudranjan-ray/ Siddhanta Kaumudi of Bhattoji Dikshita English Translation in 6 Volumes]
*http://laghusiddhanta.vedicsociety.org/
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=QvrU5Sm7EagC Vyakaransiddhantkaumudi with Hindi explanation] (Google books; Hindi interpreter: Shridharanand Ghildiyal)
*[http://www.sanskritebooks.org/2011/02/siddhanta-kaumudi-sanskrit-english-commentary-saradaranjan-ray-kumudranjan-ray/ Siddhanta Kaumudi Sanskrit & English Commentaries]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160527195957/https://archive.org/details/siddhantakaumud00agoog The Siddhanta kaumudi of Bhattoji Dikshita (1904)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20141119044654/http://vedabhoomi.org/SiddhantaKaumudi.html The Siddhanta kaumudi of Bhattoji Dikshita ] 4
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=n1ZJOFasgX4C Vyakaranasiddhantakaumudi 4th part] (Google books ; Giridharsharma Chaturved)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121215060501/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=487sNz5p_WYC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=true Vyakaranasiddhantakaumudi: Hindi translation and explanation] (Google books; Ramkaran Sharma)

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Grammar books]]
[[Category:Vyakarana]]

Mandal, Uttarakhand

2026-01-26T17:55:36Z

JerilynSturgess:

{{More citations needed|date=October 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mandal
| native_name_lang = Mandal
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Image of mandal.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Mandal Village
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Uttarakhand
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttarakhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30.455|N|79.275|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttarakhand]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chamoli district|Chamoli]]
| established_title = 
| named_for =
| government_type = Gram Panchayat
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 1500-1700
| population_total = 452
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|title=2011 Census Data|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=46389|website=Mandal - Village 2011 Official Census Data}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 =
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 246401<ref>{{Cite web|title=PIN Code|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/pincode/india/uttarakhand/chamoli/mandal.html|website=Postal Index Number Code}}</ref>
| registration_plate = UK-11
| website = {{URL|uk.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 1.2
}}
'''Mandal'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mandal Village information|url=https://soki.in/mandal-dasholi-chamoli|website=soki.in}}</ref> is a village in the [[Garhwal Himalayas]] in Chamoli tensil, Chamoli district, [[Uttarakhand]], India.

It is situated 23 km away from sub-district headquarters [[Chamoli]] and 13 km away from district headquarters [[Gopeshwar]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=mandal travel|work=indian express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/destination-of-the-week/uttarakhand-travelogue-rudraprayag-mandal-chopta/lite/%26ved%3D2ahUKEwi_hZq7kL3sAhUSA3IKHfGpCGkQFjAGegQIBhAB%26usg%3DAOvVaw0dyylDyVldyWeGEyW1rfUd%26ampcf%3D1%26cshid%3D1602990905583|archive-date=19 October 2020|access-date=15 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019133353/https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/destination-of-the-week/uttarakhand-travelogue-rudraprayag-mandal-chopta/lite/%26ved%3D2ahUKEwi_hZq7kL3sAhUSA3IKHfGpCGkQFjAGegQIBhAB%26usg%3DAOvVaw0dyylDyVldyWeGEyW1rfUd%26ampcf%3D1%26cshid%3D1602990905583/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Demographics==
The total geographical area of the village is 119.42 hectares. Mandal has a total population of 452. There are about 108 houses in the village. As of 2019, Mandal comes under the Badrinath assembly & Garhwal parliamentary constituency. Gopeshwar is the nearest town to Mandal, which is approximately 13 km away.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2011 Census Data|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=46389|website=Mandal - Village 2011 Official Census Data}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Gopeshwar]]
*[[Chamoli]]
*[[Tunganath]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Chamoli district}}

[[Category:Tourism in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Villages in Chamoli district]]

Abu Azmi

2026-01-16T18:21:18Z

JerilynSturgess: correct lead per sources

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}} {{EngvarB|date = September 2013}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Abu Asim Azmi
| image =
| caption =
| office = Maharashtra State President of [[Samajwadi Party]]
| term_start = 1995
| term_end =
| constituency =
| office1 = [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 13 October 2009
| term_end1 =
| constituency1 = [[Mankhurd Shivaji Nagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mankhurd Shivaji Nagar]]
| predecessor1 = ''constituency created''
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1955|8|8|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Azamgarh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| residence = [[Bandra]], [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| constituency2 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| order =
| governor =
| office2 = [[Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament Rajya Sabha]]
| primeminister =
| term_start2 = 2002
| term_end2 = 2008
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| spouse =
| children = Farhan Azmi (son), Bushra Azmi (daughter), Farzeen Azmi (daughter), Shehwar Azmi (daughter), Rushda Azmi (daughter), Shehma Azmi (daughter)
| footnotes =
| website = {{URL|http://www.abuasimazmi.com}}
| profession =
| alma_mater = [[Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University]]
| occupation = Politician, businessman
| president =
| relatives = [[Ayesha Takia]] (daughter-in-law)
| country = India
}}

'''Abu Asim Azmi''' (born 8 August 1955) is a member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]. He represents the [[Mankhurd Shivaji Nagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mankhurd Shivaji Nagar Constituency]], Mumbai. He belongs to the [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=TwoCircles.net |date=2009-11-14 |title=Samajwadi Party to honour Abu Azmi in Lucknow |url=https://twocircles.net/2009nov13/samajwadi_party_honour_abu_azmi_lucknow.html |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=TwoCircles.net |language=en-US}}</ref>

He is the President of the [[Maharashtra]] state branch of the [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref>[http://164.100.47.5/Newmembers/alphabeticallist_all_terms.aspx "Rajya Sabha members"] Rajya Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi Accessed 30 December 2009</ref> He currently represents [[Mankhurd Shivaji Nagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mankhurd Shivaji Nagar]] of [[Mumbai Suburban District]] in the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]].

==Politics==
Azmi entered politics and in 1995, under his leadership, the [[Samajwadi Party]] (SP) won two seats in the Maharashtra state assembly. In 2004, entering his first election cycle, Azmi was defeated by [[Yogesh Patil]] of the [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]] from Bhiwandi constituency. From 2002 to 2008, Azmi was the [[Member of parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Rajya Sabha]].

In the 2009 [[Mumbai North West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lok Sabha election]], Azmi was defeated by [[Gurudas Kamat]] (Congress). However, in 2009, Azmi was elected to the Maharashtra Assembly where he served for two terms. He successfully contested the seats of [[Mankhurd Shivaji Nagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mankhurd-Shivaji Nagar]] and [[Bhiwandi East (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhiwandi (East)]], and under rules limiting successful candidates to one region, he chose Mankhurd-Shivaji Nagar.

Azmi is the only MLA from Maharashtra to have won from 2 seats simultaneously in one election.{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}}

Azmi has secured three consecutive wins in his [[Mankhurd Shivaji Nagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mankhurd Shivaji Nagar Constituency]] from 2009 to 2024.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==

'''Key'''

{{Party index link|Samajwadi Party}}

{| class="wikitable" text-align="center"
|-
!Election!!Assembly Constituency!!Member!!colspan="2"| Party
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| rowspan=4|[[Mankhurd Shivaji Nagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mankhurd-Shivaji Nagar]]
| rowspan=4| [[Abu Asim Azmi|Abu Azmi]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" rowspan=4 |
| rowspan=4| [[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|}

==Controversies and Criticism==
===Clash with MNS===
On 9 November 2009, Azmi was denounced and prevented by several [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]s of the [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena|MNS]] from taking his oath in [[Hindi]] and not in state official language [[Marathi language|Marathi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/india/Azmi-attacked-over-Hindi-oath-four-MNS-members-suspended/Article1-474547.aspx |title=Azmi attacked over Hindi oath, four MNS members suspended |date=9 November 2009 |newspaper=The Hindustan Times |access-date=9 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091112134108/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/india/Azmi-attacked-over-Hindi-oath-four-MNS-members-suspended/Article1-474547.aspx |archive-date=12 November 2009 }}</ref> As a result of this incident, the speaker of the [[Maharashtra]] Legislative Assembly suspended the 4 MNS MLAs involved in the skirmish for a period of four years. The suspension was later revoked in July 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Assembly-revokes-suspension-of-4-MNS-legislators/articleshow/6161001.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911165101/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-13/mumbai/28291228_1_mns-legislators-mns-mlas-abu-asim-azmi|url-status=live|archive-date=11 September 2011|title = Assembly revokes suspension of 4 MNS legislators|date = 13 July 2010|access-date = 3 July 2013|newspaper = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

In December 2013, Azmi expressed disappointment after seeing Bollywood megastar [[Amitabh Bachchan]] share dais with [[Raj Thackeray]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/abu-azmi-it-was-painful-to-see-amitabh-bachchan-sharing-dais-with-raj-thackeray-302226/|title= Abu Azmi: It was painful to see Amitabh Bachchan sharing dais with Raj Thackeray|date= 25 December 2013}}</ref>

===Anti-women views and comments on rape===
Following the trial in the [[Shakti Mills gang rape]] and in the aftermath of the comments made by then SP chief [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] in April 2014, Azmi told ''[[Mid-Day]]'', "Any woman if, whether married or unmarried, goes along with a man, with or without her consent, should be hanged. Rape is punishable by hanging in Islam. But here, nothing happens to women, only to men. Even the woman is guilty. Girls complain when someone touches them, and even when someone doesn't touch them. It becomes a problem then ... If rape happens with or without consent, it should be punished as prescribed in Islam." He also said, "See, I don't know what context he said it in. But, at times, the wrong people are awarded the death penalty. Boys do it in ''josh'' ([[Hindi]]: excitement), but what can I say in this? The death sentence should be given. I won't speak against Islam."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/shocking-women-having-sex-should-be-hanged-says-abu-azmi/15222050 |title=SHOCKING! Women having sex should be hanged, says Abu Azmi |newspaper=Mid Day |date=11 April 2014 |accessdate=11 July 2014}}</ref> Azmi's comments were widely criticized in India.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-abu-azmi-follows-mulayam-singh-s-footsteps-with-sexist-remark-says-women-having-premarital-sex-should-be-hanged-1977290 |title=Abu Azmi follows Mulayam Singh's footsteps with 'sexist' remark; says 'Women having premarital sex should be hanged' |work=dnaindia.com |date=11 April 2014 |accessdate=11 July 2014}}</ref> His daughter-in-law, actress [[Ayesha Takia]], expressed embarrassment and denounced Azmi for his comment.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/deeply-embarassed-and-ashamed-ayesha-takia-reacts-to-father-in-law-abu-azmis-rape-comment-680472.html |title=Deeply embarrassed and ashamed: Ayesha Takia reacts to father-in-law Abu Azmi's rape comment |website=News18 |date=11 April 2014 |access-date=19 June 2019 |archive-date=19 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619165147/https://www.news18.com/news/india/deeply-embarassed-and-ashamed-ayesha-takia-reacts-to-father-in-law-abu-azmis-rape-comment-680472.html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena|MNS]] chief and leader [[Raj Thackeray]] heavily lambasted Azmi and [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] for their comments and anti-women views while appearing on [[Aap Ki Adalat]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YacVATFN9WQ|title= Raj Thackeray in Aap Ki Adalat (Full Episode) - India TV|website= [[YouTube]]|date= 19 April 2014}}</ref> Azmi received a show-cause notice for his comments.

In 2017, he commented on a Bengaluru molestation case saying that the molestation was bound to happen since women consider nudity as fashion. He added that women should not roam around in the dark barring when they are accompanied by male family members.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-03 |title=Abu Azmi's comment on Bengaluru molestation case is not his first sexist rant |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/abu-azmis-comment-on-bengaluru-molestation-case-is-not-his-first-sexist-rant-3185302.html |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-03 |title=Women are to blame for Bengaluru molestation incident, says Samajwadi Party leader Abu Azmi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/women-are-to-blame-for-bengaluru-molestation-incident-says-samajwadi-party-leader-abu-azmi/articleshow/56310779.cms |access-date=2024-11-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Azmi again drew headlines during a debate on raising legal age of marriage for women for suggesting men to not be along with their daughters at home as the "devil" may descend on them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-18 |title=घर में अकेली बेटी, अकेली बहन के साथ मत रहो, शैतान कभी भी सवार हो सकता है: सपा नेता अबू आजमी |url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/india/article/sp-leader-abu-azmi-says-dont-stay-at-home-with-daughter-alone-devil-can-possess-anytime/377863 |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=www.timesnowhindi.com |language=hi}}</ref> He was reported saying “If my girl/daughter or sister is alone at home, then, my culture tells me to not stay alone with them. The [[Shaitan|s''haitan'' (devil)]] might take over your spirits….we have been witnessing many cases of rape committed by cousin brothers and fathers…this is what our ancestors have told us,” he explained. He also tried to support his ‘analysis’ by stating, “Meddling in the rules of Ishwar and Allah results in a disbalance in the society.”<ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |date=2021-12-18 |title='Don't be alone at home with your daughter, the devil may descend on you': SP MLA Abu Azmi on TV |url=https://scroll.in/video/1013115/dont-be-alone-at-home-with-your-daughter-the-devil-may-descend-on-you-sp-mla-abu-azmi-on-tv |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>

===Maharashtra assembly suspension===
On 5 March 2025, Azmi was suspended from Maharashtra assembly for his remarks praising Aurangzeb.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/maharashtra-mla-abu-azmi-suspended-from-assembly-over-aurangzeb-remark/articleshow/118727893.cms|title= Maharashtra MLA Abu Azmi suspended from Assembly over Aurangzeb remark|work= The Times of India|date= 5 March 2025}}</ref> A case against Azmi was registered by the Mumbai Police under sections 299, 302, 356 (1), and 356 (2) of the [[Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita]]. He was granted an anticipatory bail by the civil sessions court for his comments.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-sessions-court-grants-anticipatory-bail-to-abu-azmi-in-aurangzeb-remarks-case-11741702203843.html|title= Mumbai Sessions Court grants anticipatory bail to Abu Azmi in Aurangzeb remarks case|date= 11 March 2025}}</ref> SP party head [[Akhilesh Yadav]] questioned the suspension and said, "If some people think that by ‘suspension’ they can silence the truth, then it reflects their childish and negative thinking."<ref name="s781">{{cite web | title=Aurangzeb row: Akhilesh Yadav questions basis of SP MLA Azmi's suspension, says truth can't be silenced | website=Deccan Herald | date=2025-03-05 | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/uttar-pradesh/aurangzeb-row-akhilesh-yadav-questions-basis-of-sp-mla-azmis-suspension-says-truth-cant-be-silenced-3433422 | access-date=2025-07-17}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.abuasimazmi.com/}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Azmi, Abu}}
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Politicians from Azamgarh district]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:People from Mumbai Suburban district]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]

Tamil cinema and Dravidian politics

2025-12-20T17:21:35Z

JerilynSturgess:

{{Short description|none}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Dravidian politics-col}}
[[Tamil cinema]] has played a vital role in [[Dravidian politics]] in the [[South India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Films have been influential in Indian politics since the days of the [[British Raj]], when movies were used for anti-British propaganda. Nevertheless, the leaders of the [[Indian National Congress]] viewed movie media with contempt. It was the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK), a Dravidian party, that made extensive use of this media for propaganda purposes. Adversaries of Dravidian parties despised the use of films and screen popularity for political gain, and Congress leaders like [[K. Kamaraj]] questioned the possibility of movie stars forming governments.

[[C. N. Annadurai]], the first [[List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] from a Dravidian party, was the forerunner in introducing Dravidian ideologies into movie scripts. Of the movies made by Dravidian politicians ''[[Parasakthi (1952 film)|Parasakthi]]'' (1952) was a turning point, as it was a huge box office hit and made radical comments against the social hierarchy set by the [[caste system]] and glorified the [[Dravidian movement]]. [[M. Karunanidhi]], former Chief Minister, scripted the screen play for ''Parasakthi'', in which [[Sivaji Ganesan]] and [[S.S.Rajendran]], two founding members of the DMK, made their screen debuts.

Movies produced by the DMK Party received severe censorship from the then ruling Congress government. According to [[Murasoli Maran]], a former Union Minister from DMK, the censors would remove parts of the movies, so that the coherence of the screen play was lost, making the movies a box office failure. The script writers used equivocating phrases and words to evade the censorship.

Five out of seven chief ministers from Dravidian parties were actively involved in Tamil cinema either as writers or as actors. [[M. G. Ramachandran]], [[J. Jayalalithaa]] was the most successful. He launched his own Dravidian party after personal differences with the leaders of DMK, and rose to power as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu mostly with the help of his movie fans and low level cadres. The legacy of politics in Tamil filmdom still continues, though less prominently than in the 1950s to 1970s.

==Background==

===Dravidian movement===
{{main|Dravidian movement}}
{{see also|Periyar E. V. Ramasamy|Dravidian parties}}
The Dravidian movement was founded in 1925 by [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]] (popularly known as Periyar). The movement aimed to achieve a society where [[backward castes]] have equal human rights,<ref>{{cite book|title=Political Theory and Political Thought |author= N.D. Arora/S.S. Awasthy|isbn=978-81-241-1164-2|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=szBpnYfmH0cC&q=%22Self-respect+movement%22&pg=PA425|year=2007|publisher= Har-Anand Publications}}</ref> and encouraging them to have [[self-respect]] in the context of a [[caste]]-based society that considered them to be at the lower end of the social hierarchy.<ref>{{cite book|title=Political Ideas in Modern India: thematic explorations |author1=Thomas Pantham |author2=Vrajendra Raj Mehta |author3=Vrajendra Raj Mehta |year= 2006|publisher=Sage Publications|isbn=0-7619-3420-0|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KJejtAaonsEC&q=%22Self-respect+movement%22&pg=PA48}}</ref> In Tamil Nadu an array of regional parties, termed Dravidian parties, owe their origin either directly or indirectly to the Dravidian movement.<ref name=Cho>
{{cite news
|last = Ramaswamy
|first = Cho
|title = E.V. Ramaswami Naicker and C.N. Annadurai
|work = India Today
|url = http://www.india-today.com/itoday/millennium/100people/durai.html
|accessdate = 19 April 2008
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081024183112/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/millennium/100people/durai.html
|archivedate = 24 October 2008
}}
</ref><ref name=frontline3>
{{cite news
|last = Viswanathan
|first = S
|title = A history of agitational politics
|work = Frontline
|date = 10–23 April 2004
|url = http://www.flonnet.com/fl2108/stories/20040423007201600.htm
|accessdate = 19 April 2008
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080302175523/http://www.flonnet.com/fl2108/stories/20040423007201600.htm
|archivedate = 2 March 2008
}}
</ref>
[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) and its political rival [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) have been the major Dravidian parties.<ref name=Wyatt>
{{cite journal
| last = Wyatt
| first = AKJ
| title = New Alignments in South Indian Politics: The 2001 Assembly Elections in Tamil Nadu
| journal = Asian Survey
| volume = 42
| issue = 5
| pages = 733–753
| publisher = University of California Press
| date = September–October 2002
| doi = 10.1525/as.2002.42.5.733
| hdl = 1983/1811
| url = https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/files/3022152/asian%20survey%20article.pdf
| hdl-access = free
}}
</ref>
One of the major platforms of the Dravidian movement was to achieve political change by means of awareness within the society in everyday life.<ref name=sarah>Hodges S (2005)[http://cis.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/39/2/251 Revolutionary family life and the Self Respect movement in Tamil south India, 1926–49] Contributions to Indian Sociology, Vol. 39, No. 2, 251-277</ref> Thus Dravidian politicians viewed film media as an apt vehicle to promote such a revolution.<ref name=Dickey/>

===Tamil cinema===
{{see also|Tamil cinema}}
Tamil cinema, like its counterparts in other languages in [[India]], is known as a [[melodrama]]tic entertainment form plotted around twists of fate set in exaggerated locales, and filled with songs and dances.<ref name=Dickey>
{{Cite journal
| last = Sarah
| first = Dickey
| title = The Politics of Adulation: Cinema and the Production of Politicians in South India
| journal = The Journal of Asian Studies
| volume = 52
| issue = 2
| pages = 340–372
| year = 1993
| doi = 10.2307/2059651
| jstor = 2059651| s2cid = 153511979
}}.
</ref>
Although a few stars from other [[South India|southern states]] have tried to use film popularity as a stepping stone in politics, such as [[N. T. Rama Rao]] ([[Andhra Pradesh]]), [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] ([[Karnataka]]) and [[Prem Nazir]] ([[Kerala]]), it was in Tamil Nadu that it was most prominent, with five of the seven Chief Ministers from Dravidian parties hailing from the Tamil film industry.<ref name=Dickey/><ref name=Prasad/> In a state such as Tamil Nadu, where no single caste is predominant, film stars were considered people with wide acceptability to lead.<ref name=Dickey/> According to emeritus professor K. Sivathamby, the movie halls themselves acted as a symbol of social equality. He states {{cquote|The [[Movie theater|Cinema Hall]] was the first performance centre in which all Tamils sat under the same roof. The basis of the seating is not on the hierarchic position of the patron but essentially on his purchasing power. If he cannot afford paying the higher rate, he has either to keep away from the performance or be with 'all and sundry'.<ref name=Srinivas>{{cite journal|last=Srivas |first=S. V. |title=Film Culture, Politics and Industry |journal=Seminar |volume=525 |pages=47–51 |year=2003 |url=http://www.sephis.org/pdf/srinivas4.pdf |accessdate=13 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201110102/http://www.sephis.org/pdf/srinivas4.pdf |archivedate=1 December 2008 }}
</ref>}}

==Politicizing Tamil cinema==
{{quote box
|width = 20em
|align = right
|bgcolor = WhiteSmoke
|qalign = right
|quote = "They (Congress party) decried the cinema. We (DMK) used it." — ''[[Kannadasan]], a Tamil film song writer''
|source =<ref name=Hardgrave/>}}

Early Tamil films were mainly based on mythological stories, and movies based on contemporary society started only in 1936.<ref name=Hardgrave/> With the end of the era of [[silent movies]] in the 1930s many stage actors joined the Tamil cinema, and brought the ideologies of [[Gandhian]] philosophies with them.<ref name=Dickey/>
Although the Congress party made use of movie stars such as [[K. B. Sundarambal]] to appear at political meetings, some congressmen of that era looked upon movie media with contempt. Tamil Congress leaders like [[C. Rajagopalachari]] considered movie media to be a source of moral corruption.<ref name=Hardgrave/> [[K. Kamaraj]], then president of the All India Congress, mocked DMK's desire to get into power in this statement: {{cquote|How can there be government by actors?<ref name=Hardgrave/>}}

==DMK and cinema==
{{quote box
|width = 20em
|align = right
|bgcolor = WhiteSmoke
|qalign = right
|quote = "The DMK films served an audience the party could never have reached by other means." — ''Professor Robert Hardgrave''
|source =<ref name=Hardgrave/>}}
Attempts made by some Congress leaders to use stars of Tamil cinema, however minimal, were limited since this media remained inaccessible to the rural population (who were in the majority).<ref name=arch/> The politicising of movies by the Congress virtually stopped soon after [[Partition of India|Indian Independence]] in 1947.<ref name=Dickey/> With the introduction of electricity to rural areas in the 1950s Dravidian politicians could implement movies as a major political organ.<ref name=arch>
{{cite web
|last = Devdas
|first = Vijay
|title = Rethinking Transnational Cinema: The Case of Tamil Cinema
|publisher = Scenes of Cinema
|year = 2006
|url = http://archive.sensesofcinema.com/contents/06/41/transnational-tamil-cinema.html
|accessdate = 13 December 2008
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081205041300/http://archive.sensesofcinema.com/contents/06/41/transnational-tamil-cinema.html
|archivedate = 5 December 2008
}}
</ref>

In post colonial India, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) was the first – at the time the only – party to take advantage of visual movie media.<ref name=arch/> Actors and writers of [[guerrilla theatre]], who were inspired by the ideologies of Periyar, brought the philosophies of [[Tamil nationalism]] and [[anti-Brahminism]] to celluloid media.<ref name=Hardgrave/> The movies not only made direct references to the independent [[Dravida Nadu]] that its leaders preached for<ref name=arch/> but also at many times displayed party symbols within the movie.<ref name=rethink/> [[Murasoli Maran]], former central minister from DMK, considered that the DMK movies reflected the faces of both the past (demonstrating the rich language and culture of Tamils) and the future (with social justice).<ref name=Hardgrave/> The DMK films espoused Dravidian ideologies through use of lengthy dialogues in its initial movies.<ref name=Prasad>
{{cite journal
|last = Prasad
|first = M Madhava
|title = Cine-Politics: On the Political Significance of Cinema in South India
|journal = Journal of Moving Image
|year = 1999
|url = http://www.cscsarchive.org/dataarchive/textfiles/textfile.2007-09-19.6796899113/file
|accessdate = 13 December 2008
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090211021917/http://www.cscsarchive.org/dataarchive/textfiles/textfile.2007-09-19.6796899113/file
|archivedate = 11 February 2009
}}
</ref> Nevertheless, as the party's political aspirations grew, the movies based on Dravidian social reformation themes were replaced with stories that would enhance star popularity.<ref name=Hardgrave/>

==Censorship in DMK movies==
The initial DMK movies were not victims of censorship since the party was little known to the censors, but as the party gained popularity in mid-1950s censorship became stronger. According to [[Murasoli Maran]] one of the techniques followed by the censors was to make sure that the coherence of the movie was lost so that it was a box office failure. At one point DMK, having had been a target of high censorship, had to move back to stage dramas. But the ''Dramatic Licensing Act'' brought censorship to stage plays as well, and two of Karunanidhi's plays were banned.<ref name=Hardgrave/>

To evade censorship DMK scriptwriters chose to use [[pun]]s and equivocal phrases. The most commonly used pun was ''Anna'' which is the word for ''older brother'' in Tamil and also was the popular name for DMK chief [[C. N. Annadurai]]. When ''Anna'' was praised on screen the audience would break into applause.<ref name=Hardgrave/>

==Script writers of DMK==

===C. N. Annadurai===
{{see also|C. N. Annadurai}}
{{quote box
|width = 20em
|align = right
|bgcolor = WhiteSmoke
|quote = "With a view to educating the people of Tamilnad. All my stories and screenplays have, therefore, been on themes of social purpose" – ''Annadurai, on his screen scripts''
|source =<ref name=Hardgrave/>}}
The use of movie media as a major propaganda vehicle of Dravidian ideologies was first introduced by Annadurai, the founder chief of DMK, through his scripts.<ref>
{{cite news
| last = Bhanskaran
| first = Gautaman
| title = Pioneers who pushed cinema into politics
| work = The Japan Times
| date = 2008-08-29
| url = http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/eo20080829gb.html
| accessdate = 13 December 2008}}
</ref> During his initial days with Dravidar Kazhagam, Annadurai wrote dramas which promoted social reforms and non-Brahmin self-respect ideologies. After the formation of DMK, Annadurai, along with [[E. V. K. Sampath]] (Periyar's nephew and one of the founders of DMK) and actor [[K. R. Ramasamy (actor)|K. R. Ramasamy]], staged several plays promoting Dravidian ideologies. The DMK party's head office was purchased using the money raised through these plays. Annadurai scripted six screen plays in total.<ref name=Hardgrave/>

His first movie was ''[[Nallathambi (1949 film)|Nallathambi]]'' (Good Brother, 1948), which starred [[N. S. Krishnan]]. It promoted cooperative farming and the abolition of the [[zamindari system]] of taxation.<ref name=Hardgrave/> His movies such as ''[[Velaikaari]]'' (Servant Maid, 1949) and ''[[Or Iravu]]'' carried the hallmarks of propaganda for Dravidian politics.<ref name=rethink>
{{cite book
| last = Guneratne
| first = Anthony R.
|author2=[[Wimal Dissanayake]] |author3=Sumita S. Chakravarty
| title = Rethinking Third Cinema
| publisher = Routledge
| year = 2003
| pages = 216
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2IFR0oHGHKUC
| isbn = 0-415-21354-1}}
</ref> On ''Velaikari'', Annadurai said that the movie {{cquote|made it clear that greed and avarice of the rich did not pay in the long run.[...] Some of the elementary principles of socialism and stressed that we should depend upon our own labor for our progress and well being and not some unknown factor.<ref name=Hardgrave/>}}

''Velaikari'' made direct criticisms of suppressive landlords who were traditionally allied with [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and [[Gandhi]].<ref name=Dickey/> When DMK won the elections in 1967, Annadurai served as its first Chief Minister until his death in 1969.

===Karunanidhi===
{{see also|Karunanidhi}}

{{quote box
|width = 20em
|align = right
|bgcolor = WhiteSmoke
|quote = "intention was to introduce the ideas and policies of social reform and justice […] and bring up the status of the Tamil language as they were called for in DMK politics" — ''Karunanidhi, on Parasakthi''
|source =<ref name=Hardgrave/>}}

Karunanidhi, the other major leader from DMK, started his propaganda efforts with ''[[Parasakthi (1952 film)|Parasakthi]]'' (1952).<ref name=rethink/> ''Parasakthi'' was a turning point in Tamil cinema, as until then most movies contained up to 55 songs and were mostly based on mythologies.<ref name=sivaji>
{{cite news
| last = Sathya Moorthy
| first = N
| title = Sivaji: Actor who revolutionised Tamil cinema
| publisher = Rediff news
| date = 22 July 2001
| url = http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/jul/21siv1.htm
| accessdate = 13 December 2008}}
</ref> ''Parasakthi'' was initially banned. When it was finally released in 1952 it emerged as a huge box office hit.<ref name=Hardgrave/>
{{Rquote|left|To create havoc. Of course it did. We were challenging the social law itself, the basic Constitution itself.|S. Punju, the director of [[Parasakthi (1952 film)|Parasakthi]], on the movie.|<ref name=Hardgrave/>}}

Like that of his political mentor Annadurai, Karunanidhi's movies carried elements of Dravidian political ideologies such as anti-Brahminism and anti Congress Party messages.<ref name=rethink/> Two of the movies that contained such messages were ''[[Panam (film)|Panam]]'' and ''[[Thangarathinam]]''.<ref name=rethink/> The overall themes of the movies were remarriage of widows, [[untouchability]], [[self-respect marriages]], abolition of zamindari and abolition of religious hypocrisy.<ref name=Hardgrave/>

Until 1949-50 Tamil film dialogues were in a Brahminical slang of the [[Tamil language]]. Annadurai and Karunanidhi introduced Tamil close to formal language and void of [[Sanskrit]] influence.<ref name=Hardgrave/> According to Professor Robert Hardgrave Jr, the popularity of their movie dialogues made both Annadurai and Karunanidhi "stars in their own right."<ref name=Hardgrave/> After the death of Annadurai, Karunanidhi assumed the office of the Chief Minister in Tamil Nadu, and with intermediate periods of in and out of power, he served his 5th term as the chief minister from 2006 to 2011.

==Actors from Dravidian parties==

===K. R. Ramasamy===
[[K. R. Ramasamy (actor)|K. R. Ramasamy]] was an actor of both stage and screen in the 1940s and 50s. He was one of the founding leaders of the DMK and it was his earnings that initially financed the party. A talented singer and actor, he was called a ''Nadipisai Pulavar'' (acting and singing poet) by the popular masses. Improvements in technology in the film industry, including [[Playback singer|playback singing]], along with personal problems ended the career of Ramaswamy. Nevertheless, he was nominated as a member of the Legislative Council (upper house of the State) by Annadurai in recognition of his service to the party.<ref name=Hardgrave/>

===N. S. Krishnan===
{{see also|N. S. Krishnan}}
N. S. Krishnan, or NSK as he was popularly known, was a Tamil comic actor and, as the times then required, a talented singer. He was never officially a member of any Dravidian party, but served the DMK to a great extent. He was one of the few non-Brahmins of his era to be popular in a Brahmin-dominated Tamil film industry. His favourite character to play in the movies was a Brahmin buffoon, which he would also enact in DMK meetings. NSK was highly influenced by the ideologies of Periyar and sowed the seeds of anti-Brahmanism in his scripts. NSK served the cause of DMK so much that the last public gathering Annadurai ever attended was to unveil a statue of NSK at a busy intersession in [[Chennai]].<ref name=Hardgrave/>

===M. R. Radha===
{{see also|M. R. Radha}}
M. R. Radha was a stage actor and was popular through his roles as villain on screen. He was an ardent follower of Periyar and was close to most DMK leaders before they split from Dravidiar Kazhagam. Both Annadurai and Karunanidhi were part of M. R. Radha's troupe at different times and had even acted in his plays.<ref name=Hardgrave/>

===Sivaji Ganesan===
{{see also|Sivaji Ganesan|Parasakthi (1952 film)}}
Sivaji Ganesan is a veteran actor of Tamil cinema. He started his acting career at the age of six and toured with various drama troupes including that of M. R. Radha.<ref name=Hardgrave/> The actor himself was named [[Shivaji]] by Periyar E. V. Ramasami after his role portraying the Maratiya king<ref name=lode/> in a play named ''Chandra Mohan''. In ''Chandra Mohan'' the Maratiya king triumphs over Brahmins and the role of the villainous Brahmin was played by Annadurai himself.<ref name=Hardgrave/>

Sivaji Ganesan made his movie debut in 1952 with [[Parasakthi (1952 film)|Parasakthi]], which opens with a song that glorifies Dravidian culture.<ref name=arch/> Sivaji was a [[Tamil people|Tamil]], whereas at the time he entered the film industry most other major actors were [[Telugus]].<ref name=lode/> He later became one of the founding members of DMK.<ref name=Hardgrave1/> Although it was DMK movies that brought Sivaji to the limelight he found that the responsibilities that the party threw at him limited his acting career. His association with DK and with DMK gave him an [[atheist]]ic reputation that acted as a barrier between him and the religious segment of the audience.<ref name=Hardgrave/> Realising that DMK was no longer an asset to his career, he attacked it as a ''glamour party''<ref name=Hardgrave1>
{{cite journal
| last = Hardgrave, Jr
| first = Robert L.
| title = The DMK and the Politics of Tamil Nationalism
| journal = Pacific Affairs
| volume = 37
| issue = 4
| pages = 396–411
| publisher = JSTOR
| year = 1964
| doi = 10.2307/2755132
| jstor = 2755132}}
</ref> and broke party protocol by his pilgrimage to [[Tirumala Venkateswara Temple]].<ref name=Hardgrave/> With the growing popularity of MGR in the party, Sivaji left DMK and aligned with the [[Tamil Nationalist Party]] of [[E. V. K. Sampath]].<ref name=Hardgrave/> When the Tamil Nationalist Party was dissolved he joined the Congress Party.<ref name=sivaji/> Although Congress itself lost in the elections in the 1967, Sivaji's fans kept the party alive.<ref name=sivaji/> In spite of being an active member of the Congress party, he made sure his movies were free of political references.<ref name=Hardgrave/> After differences with party leaders he launched his own party, [[Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani]],<ref name=sivaji/> in 1989<ref name=lode>
{{cite news
|last = Viswanathan
|first = S
|title = Tamil cinema's lodestar
|work = Frontline
|date = 17 August 2001
|url = http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1816/18161140.htm
|accessdate = 13 December 2008
|url-status = usurped
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20021124144532/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1816/18161140.htm
|archivedate = 24 November 2002
}}
</ref> but with little success, even losing his security deposit in the [[1991 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1991 assembly election]].<ref name=sivaji/>

===S. S. Rajendran===
{{see also|S. S. Rajendran}}
S. S. Rajendran (known popularly as SSR) was initially a theatre artist like Shivaji who starred in many plays for Dravidar Kazhagam. Like Sivaji, he debuted in [[Parasakthi (1952 film)|Parasakthi]]. Being one of the most popular stars of Tamil cinema in the 1950s and 60s, he raised funds for DMK and acted in movies glorifying Dravidian ideologies.SSR was the first elected member of legislative assembly among actors in India in 1962.Personal problems led to a fall in his film career and in politics. Having spent most of his earnings for the party he found himself in a deep financial crisis. His movie career brought another star of DMK, M. G. Ramachandran, to cross swords with him, and his political ambitions brought Karunanidhi against him. Sensing trouble in all quarters SSR made a highly political movie, [[Thangarathinam]], to coincide with the 1967 election campaign to prove his loyalty to the party. The party won a landslide victory in the 1967 general elections, but soon after the elections the animosity between SSR and Karunanidhi deepened. SSR complained of threats to his life and eventually left DMK to join AIADMK along with his old friend MGR. His aspirations as a political stalwart and as a film superstar were overshadowed by M. G. Ramachandran.<ref name=Hardgrave/>

===M. G. Ramachandran===
{{see also|M. G. Ramachandran|Dravidian parties#MGR and split from DMK|l2=AIADMK split from DMK}}
M. G. Ramachandran (popularly known as MGR) was the foremost star for DMK propaganda during its peak and was politically the most successful of any film stars in India.<ref name=Dickey/> MGR had a simple beginning in stage plays at the age of six.<ref name=Hardgrave/> MGR was first invited by Annadurai to star in one of his movies in the 1950s. From then on MGR actively participated in the party's meetings. His films such as ''[[Nadodi Mannan]]'' (Vagabond King, 1958), ''[[Enga Vitu Pillai]]'' (Son of our House, 1965), ''[[Nam Nadu]]'' (Our Nation, 1969), ''[[Adimai Penn]]'' (Slave Girl, 1969) and ''[[Engal Thangam]]'' (Our Gold or Our Precious, 1970) displayed a stereotypical image of a philanthropic, mundane hero made out of a vagrant who becomes a king.<ref name=arch/>

Unlike other DMK actors, MGR used his screen popularity in social works as well, which included financing the poor, running [[orphanages]] and participating in disaster relief. MGR's movies portrayed him as a friend of the poor and downtrodden.<ref name=Hardgrave/> MGR himself commented {{cquote|My roles have been to show how a man should live and believe.<ref name=Hardgrave/>}}

MGR always acted as a hero and made sure that he was always portrayed in a good light on screen. With the departure of Sivaji Ganesan from DMK, MGR's position within the party grew stronger.<ref name=Dickey/> In contrast to ''[[Parasakthi (1952 film)|Parasakthi]]'', MGR's movies made less reference to social justice but dwelled more on contemporary political scenarios.<ref name=Hardgrave/> The movies typically included references to ''[[Dravida Nadu|Dravida]]'' and MGR would be clad in red and black (the DMK flag colours). In sharp contrast with earlier DMK movies where the overall theme was used for propaganda, in MGR's movies the [[protagonist]] was shown as a representative of the party ideology, who would fight against evil and support the poor.<ref name=Hardgrave/> Thus he played roles that were directly relevant to the filmgoers and displayed himself as a symbol of the fulfilment of their own dreams.<ref name=Prasad/> MGR, however, made sure that his social image, which he gained by independent charity and social works, did not get merged with that of DMK.<ref name=Dickey/>

With his rising popularity with the common man MGR fell into controversy by referring to [[K. Kamaraj]], the Congress leader, as ''My leader''. MGR resigned as a Member of Legislative Council. Soon after, the attendance of his then newly released movie dropped, with DMK supporters boycotting the movie.<ref name=Hardgrave/>
{{quote box
|width = 20em
|align = right
|bgcolor = WhiteSmoke
|qalign = right
|quote = "When we show his (MGR's) face, we (DMK) get 40,000 votes; when he speaks a few words, we get 4 lakhs" — ''Annadurai, on M. G. Ramachandran''
|source =<ref name=Hardgrave/>}}
Just before the 1967 general elections MGR was shot by M. R. Radha in a personal dispute. This incident gained support of sympathising voters for DMK in the days leading up to the elections.<ref name=NYT>
{{cite news
| last = Lelyweld
| first = Joseph
| title = Movie Idols Star in Indian Election Campaign; Opposition Group Has Edge in Madras Because Actor Supporting It Was Shot
| work = The New York Times
| date = 10 February 1967
| url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10E11F93E5F1A718DDDA90994DA405B878AF1D3
| accessdate = 13 December 2008}}
</ref> Professor Hardgrave claims that at the time of the shooting incident MGR's popularity was slowly declining and the incident helped him regain his stature with the masses as well as the party.<ref name=Hardgrave/> Whether DMK gained with MGR's popularity or MGR gained popularity with the rise of DMK remains a question for debate.<ref name=Prasad/><ref name=Hardgrave/>

Although MGR's charisma probably played a significant role in DMK's success, his popularity also cost the party much. When the party leaders tried to neutralise his powers, MGR launched his own party in 1972, the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, with support of the lower cadres alone.<ref name=Prasad1>
{{cite journal
| last = Prasad
| first = Madiraju Madhava
| title = From Virtual to Real Political Power: Film Stars Enter Electoral Politics
| journal = Asia Research Institute ● Singapore
| volume = working paper No. 59
| publisher = National University of Singapore
| series = ARI
|date=March 2006
}}
</ref> According to Professor Hardgrave one of the reasons for antipathy between MGR and the DMK leadership was Karunanidhi's attempt to bring his son [[M. K. Muthu]] into the party to replace MGR and to convert MGR fan clubs into Muthu fan clubs.<ref name=Hardgrave>
{{cite journal
| last = Hardgrave, Jr
| first = Robert L
| title = Politics and the Film in Tamilnadu: The Stars and the DMK
| journal = Asian Survey
| volume = 13
| issue = 3
| pages = 288–305
| publisher = JSTOR
|date=March 1973
| doi = 10.2307/2643038| jstor = 2643038
| hdl = 2152/34387
| url = https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/34387/1/politicsandthefilm.pdf
}}
</ref> The fictionalised account of the troubled relationship between Karunanidhi and MGR was later portrayed in the Tamil film [[Iruvar]] (The Duo) in 1997.<ref>
{{cite news
| last = Gopalan
| first = Krishna
| title = Tamil Nadu's fascinating connection between cinema and politics
| work = The Economic Times
| date = 8 November 2008
| url = http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/3687111.cms
| accessdate = 13 December 2008}}
</ref>

When MGR formed his own party, Karunanidhi underestimated MGR's popularity and commented on AIADMK as ''"a successful movie's 100-day run"''.<ref>
{{cite web
| last = Sri Kantha
| first = Sachi
| title = Quo Vadis Karunanidhi?
| date = 10 June 2006
| url = http://www.tamilnation.org/forum/sachisrikantha/060619quovadis.htm
| accessdate = 13 December 2008}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}
</ref> However, with the support from his fans and low cadres alone, MGR won the [[1977 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1977 state elections]] with a landslide victory and continued to rule the state until his death in December 1987.<ref name=Dickey/><ref name=Hardgrave/>

===J. Jayalalithaa===
{{see also|J. Jayalalithaa}}

Jayalalithaa was one of the main [[leading lady|leading ladies]] to pair with MGR on screen.<ref name=Dickey/> She was inducted into AIADMK by MGR himself and frequently accompanied him to party rallies until MGR left for the United States for medical treatment in 1984.<ref name=Dickey/> After his return, MGR was always accompanied by [[V. N. Janaki Ramachandran]], his wife of forty years, until his death in 1987.<ref name=Dickey/>

Soon after MGR's death, AIADMK was split between Jayalalithaa and Janaki Ramachandran .<ref name=Divided>
{{cite book
| last = Thakurta
| first = Paranjoy Guha
|author2=Shankar Raghuraman
| title = A Time of Coalitions
| publisher = SAGE
| year = 2004
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/timeofcoalitions0000guha/page/235 235]–236
| url = https://archive.org/details/timeofcoalitions0000guha
| url-access = registration
| isbn = 0-7619-3237-2}}
</ref> Although both factions had lost the elections, Jayalalithaa's AIADMK won 27 seats when compared to just two won by Janaki's party. Following the election defeat, Janaki retired from active politics and the two party factions rejoined.<ref name=Divided/> Although a successful film star of yesteryear, according to Professor Sara Dickey, Jayalalithaa's popularity in politics comes from MGR rather than her own success on screen.<ref name=Dickey/> She served six terms as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.

==Later years==
In post MGR years, political reference in Tamil cinema had been less sporadic.<ref name=Dickey/> [[Rajinikanth]], one of the highest paid actors in India, supported the DMK and its ally [[Tamil Maanila Congress]] in the 1996 elections.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Rajnikanth claims blasts attempt to unseat DMK-TMC
| publisher = Rediff news
| date = 16 February 1998
| url = http://www.indiaabroad.com/news/1998/feb/16blast1.htm
| accessdate = 13 December 2008
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110713025310/http://www.indiaabroad.com/news/1998/feb/16blast1.htm
| archive-date = 13 July 2011
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> His movie ''[[Muthu (film)|Muthu]]'' (1995) makes an indirect reference to the then AIADMK head and Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Jayalalithaa.<ref>
{{cite web
| title = Muthu
| publisher = Rajinikanth.com
| url = http://www.rajinikanth.com/reviews/muthu.htm
| accessdate = 13 December 2008}}
</ref> His movies such as ''[[Mannan (film)|Mannan]]'' and ''[[Padayappa]]'' had characters which were politically identified with Jayalalithaa.<ref>
{{cite news
| title = Rajini is back!
| publisher = Rediff news
| date = 18 February 2002
| url = http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/feb/18raj.htm
| accessdate = 14 December 2008}}
</ref> He later moved his allegiance to the [[Bharathiya Janata Party]] (BJP) in the [[2004 Indian general election|Indian general election of 2004]]. He briefly made an entry into politics in 2020 with the intention of contesting the [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021 TN assembly election]], eventually withdrawing due to his poor health.<ref>[https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rajinikanth-says-will-serve-people-without-entering-electoral-politics-2344956 Rajinikanth Cancels Political Plans After "Warning From God"]</ref> Rajinikanth is no longer active in politics, but is known to be sympathetic to the BJP and its ideology. Another leading actor in Tamil cinema, [[Kamal Hasan]], is a well known follower of [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy|Periyar]].<ref>
{{cite news
| title = DMK regime will not "deviate" from Periyar path
| date = 24 December 2006
| url = http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/24/stories/2006122417010700.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070104234019/http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/24/stories/2006122417010700.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 4 January 2007
| work = [[The Hindu]]
| accessdate = 13 December 2008}}
</ref> He started his own political party called [[Makkal Needhi Maiam]] in 2018. Yet another leading Tamil film actor [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] campaigned for the AIADMK in the [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011 TN assembly election]] and speculations have been rife over his potential future entry into politics, with his fan club contesting the Rural Local Body elections in Tamil Nadu in 2021.<ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/tamil-nadu-rural-election-actor-vijay-thalapathy-vijay-makkal-iyakkam-7570823/ With Tamil Nadu rural elections, actor Vijay makes a silent entry into politics]</ref> Later in 2024, Vijay officially announced his political entry and formation of his own political party known as [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|Tamilaga Vetri Kazhagam]].

Two contemporary celebrities have launched their own parties. Of them, [[T. Rajendar]] was a well known supporter of DMK for a long time, although he did not incorporate its ideas into films.<ref name=Dickey/> After a personal feud with the DMK leadership he launched his own party All India Latchiya Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam in 2004.<ref>
{{cite news
| title = Tamil film artiste launches new party
| publisher = Sify news
| date = 26 April 2006
| url = http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=13462493
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20041226234943/http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=13462493
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 26 December 2004
| accessdate = 13 December 2008}}
</ref> [[Vijayakanth]], a mainstream lead actor who was active in films between the 1980s and 2000s, had earlier converted his [[fan clubs]] into [[social service]] organisations, initially in a "typical, Dravidian, for-the-Tamils" fashion.<ref name=jayanth>{{cite news
| last = Jayanth
| first = V
| title = Vijaykanth ready for political innings
| work = The Hindu
| date = 16 March 2005
| url = http://www.hinduonnet.com/2005/03/16/stories/2005031608530400.htm
| accessdate = 19 February 2008
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080303222811/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2005/03/16/stories/2005031608530400.htm
| archive-date = 3 March 2008
| url-status = usurped
}}</ref> His party, [[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam]] is now placing itself as an alternative to mainstream Dravidian parties. In 2011, his party became the [[official opposition]] in the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]].<ref>
{{cite news
| last = Vijay Kumar
| first = S
| title = Vijaykanth to take the plunge tomorrow
| date = 20 October 2006
| url = http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/13/stories/2005091307950400.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061213221521/http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/13/stories/2005091307950400.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 13 December 2006
| work = [[The Hindu]]
| accessdate = 19 February 2008}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite news
| title = An emerging force in TN politics
| publisher = Rediff News
| date = 20 October 2006
| url = http://ia.rediff.com/news/2006/oct/20tn.htm
| accessdate = 19 February 2008}}
</ref>
Vijayakanth himself is from a pro-Congress family.<ref>
{{cite news
| title = Another actor in politics
| work = Frontline
| date = 7 October 2005
| url = http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fline/fl2220/stories/20051007003203900.htm
| accessdate = 13 December 2008}}
</ref>

==See also==
* [[Dravidian parties]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.tamilnation.org/culture/cinema/index.htm Tamil Cinema – தமிழ்த் திரைப் படம்]

[[Category:Dravidian political parties]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Indian propaganda films]]
[[Category:Dravidian movement]]
[[Category:The arts and politics]]
[[Category:Indian political films|*]]

Prayag–Bareilly Express

2025-11-11T10:00:19Z

JerilynSturgess: done

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Prayag–Bareilly Express
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale =
| first =
| last =
| operator = [[Northern Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Prayag Junction}} (PRG)
| stops = 38
| end = {{stnlnk|Bareilly Junction}} (BE)
| distance = {{convert|461|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 12h 40m
| frequency = Daily {{efn|Runs seven days in a week for every direction.}}
| class = AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering E-catering
| observation = [[ICF coach]]
| entertainment = No
| baggage = No
| other facilities= Below the seats
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 14307/14308
| speed = {{convert|36|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}
The '''Prayag–Bareilly Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|Express]] train belonging to [[Northern Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Prayag Junction}} (in [[Allahabad]]) and {{stnlnk|Bareilly Junction}} in India. It is currently being operated with 14307/14308 train numbers on a daily basis.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/all-new-prayagraj-express-to-ply-from-december-18/articleshow/55983656.cms | title=All new Prayagraj express to ply from December 18 | date=14 December 2016 | newspaper=The Times of India | first=Rajiv | last=Mani | accessdate=30 September 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/rs-100-cr-makeover-for-allahabad-stnbefore-ardh-kumbh/articleshow/59432079.cms | title=Rs 100 crore makeover for Allahabad station before Ardh Kumbh | date=4 July 2017 | newspaper=The Times of India | accessdate=30 September 2018 }}</ref>

== Service==

The 14307/Prayag–Bareilly Express has an average speed of 36 km/h and covers 461 km in 12h 40m. The 14308/Bareilly–Prayag Express has an average speed of 38 km/h and covers 461 km in 12h 15m.

== Route and halts ==

The important halts of the train are:

* {{stnlnk|Prayag Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Pratapgarh Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Amethi}}
* {{stnlnk|Gauriganj}}
* {{stnlnk|Rae Bareli Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Lucknow Charbagh}}
* {{stnlnk|Alamnagar}}
* {{stnlnk|Hardoi}}
* {{stnlnk|Shahjahanpur}}
* {{stnlnk|Bareilly Junction}}

==Coach composition==

The train has standard ICF rakes with max speed of 110 kmph. The train consists of 16 coaches:

* 8 General Unreserved
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake

== Traction==

Both trains are hauled by a [[Diesel Loco Shed, Lucknow|Lucknow Loco Shed]]-based [[WDM-3A]] diesel locomotive from Allahabad to Bareilly and vice versa.

==Rake sharing==

The train shares its rake with 54375/54376 [[Prayag–Jaunpur Passenger]].

== See also ==

* [[Prayag Junction railway station]]
* [[Bareilly Junction railway station]]
* [[Prayag–Jaunpur Passenger]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/157 14307/Prayag - Bareilly Express]
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/1970 14308/Bareilly - Prayag Express]

{{Railways in Northern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prayag-Bareilly Express}}
[[Category:Trains from Prayagraj]]
[[Category:Trains from Bareilly]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Gurpartap Singh Mann

2025-11-07T11:14:09Z

JerilynSturgess: Put Up First Bio W/ Infobox

{{Short description|Indian businessman}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Gurpartap Singh Mann
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1968|04|11}}
| birth_place = [[Batala]]
| alma_mater = [[Baring Union Christian College]]
| father = S. [[Bhupinder Singh Mann]]
}}

'''Gurpartap Singh Mann''' (born April 11, 1968) was a member of the [[Punjab Public Service Commission (India)|Punjab Public Service Commission]] (PPSC) from 2018 till 2024 and remained Chief General Manager of the [[Punjab Infrastructure Development Board]] of India.<ref>{{cite news |first=Charanjit |last=Ahuja |title=Punjab on fast lane with first inter-state expressway |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/punjab-on-fast-lane-with-first-interstate-expressway/329003/ |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |date=30 June 2008 |accessdate=14 June 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ludhiana metro project to be delayed
|first=Swarleen |last=Kaur |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/ludhiana-metro-project-to-be-delayed/555012/ |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |date=17 December 2009 |accessdate=14 June 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=13120 |title=Punjab takes PPP route to investment |first=Shakti S. |last=Singh |date=19 February 2007 |work=Projectmonitor |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100202105930/http://projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=13120 |archivedate=2010-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Shakti S. |last=Singh |date=20 February 2006 |work=Projectmonitor |url=http://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=10641 |title=Punjab takes BOT route to infra development |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130201012602/http://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=10641 |archivedate=2013-02-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://20twentytwo.blogspot.in/2008/08/punjab-to-get-expresswaysring.html |title=Punjab to get Expressways,Ring Roads,Metros |first=Rohit |last=Dabrai |work=Twenty22-India on the Move |date=18 August 2008}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Mann was born in an agricultural family from [[Punjab region|Punjab]]. His father, [[Bhupinder Singh Mann|S. Bhupinder Singh Mann]], is the leader of the [[Bharti Kisan Union]], and was a Member of Parliament in [[Rajya Sabha]] from 1990 to 1996. Mann's father works to raise social and economic issues faced by farming and rural communities. He belongs to the Mann family of Sardar Kahn Singh Mann

Mann's family moved to [[Batala]] during [[Partition of India|the partition of India]] in 1947 from [[Faisalabad]]. Chak 207 in Faisalabad is named after S. Anoop Singh, his grandfather.

He was educated at Baring School and [[Baring Union Christian College]] in Batala and obtained his mechanical engineering degree from [[Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana|Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College]] in [[Ludhiana]] and MBA from UBS Punjab University. He worked in Swaraj Engines, Punjab State Industrial Development Corporation (PSIDC) and then joined the [[Punjab Infrastructure Development Board]] (PIDB). He established the organisation from ground up and the necessary organisational system for PIDB which creates infrastructure projects through [[Public–private partnership|public-private partnerships]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hss.iitm.ac.in/rt-ppp/PPPs/Presentations/PPP%20for%20accelerated%20Infrastructure%20dvlpt%20in%20India.pdf |title=Facilitating Public Private Partnership for Accelerated Infrastructure Development in India |date=December 2006 |publisher=[[Asian Development Bank]] |access-date=14 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616220250/http://www.hss.iitm.ac.in/rt-ppp/PPPs/Presentations/PPP%20for%20accelerated%20Infrastructure%20dvlpt%20in%20India.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Manoj |last=Kumar |title=Now contracts sans tenders |date=8 August 2002 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |location=Chandigarh |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020809/biz.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/rs-5cr-outlay-for-bot-bus-terminals-in-punjab/276243/ |title=Rs 5-cr outlay for BOT bus terminals in Punjab |first=Charanjit |last=Ahuja |date=23 Feb 2008 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://toolkit.pppinindia.com/pdf/case_studies.pdf |title=Public Private Partnership Projects in India: Compendium of Case Studies |author=Department of Economic Affairs |authorlink=Ministry of Finance (India)#Department of Economic Affairs |date=December 2010 |access-date=14 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526164048/http://toolkit.pppinindia.com/pdf/case_studies.pdf |archive-date=26 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Balwant |last=Dhillon |title=Four railway overbridges sanctioned in Punjab |date=7 May 2007 |url=http://www.punjabnewspaper.com/wordpress/2007/05/07/four-railway-overbridges-sanctioned-in-punjab/ |work=Punjab Newspaper |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130201090158/http://www.punjabnewspaper.com/wordpress/2007/05/07/four-railway-overbridges-sanctioned-in-punjab/ |archivedate=2013-02-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He quit PIDB in December 2010 from the Post of Chief General Manager<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pidb.org/11_budget_allocated/annexure_abc.pdf |title=Budget Estimates of PIDB for 2011–12 and revised estimates for 2010–11 |publisher=Punjab Infrastructure Development Board}}</ref> after serving in the organisation for more than 11 years.

== Career ==
Mann was actively involved with the Indian National Congress until he was nominated as a member of the PPSC in March 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 23, 2018 |title=6 names recommended for PPSC, 2 for state information commissioners |work=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/6-names-recommended-for-ppsc-2-for-state-information-commissioners/articleshow/63035806.cms |access-date=September 10, 2023}}</ref> He remained Member of PPSC till 2024. He remained the Chief Spokesperson of the Congress till 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjab Congress gives final touches to party manifesto for Assembly polls |url=http://www.uniindia.com/punjab-congress-gives-final-touches-to-party-manifesto-for-assembly-polls/states/news/667328.html |access-date=2023-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-11-05 |title=Amarinder, Bhattal, Manpreet get key posts in Congress poll panel |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Amarinder-Bhattal-Manpreet-get-key-posts-in-Congress-poll-panel/articleshow/55256556.cms |access-date=2023-07-20 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In 2015, Mann was appointed as the founder chairman of the social media cell.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mohan |first=Vibhor |date=May 12, 2015 |title=Gurpartap Singh Mann appointed as chairman of the social media cell of PPCC |work=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Gurpartap-Singh-Mann-appointed-as-chairman-of-the-social-media-cell-of-PPCC/articleshow/47253353.cms |access-date=September 10, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Vasdev |first=Kanchan |date=February 2, 2016 |title=Punjab assembly polls: Capt forms team to study state’s issues |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/punjab-assembly-polls-capt-forms-team-to-study-states-issues/ |access-date=September 10, 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==

* {{cite web |url=http://www.data-engine.com/pdf_all_roads_lead_to_punjab.html |title=All Roads Lead to Punjab |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041632/http://www.data-engine.com/pdf_all_roads_lead_to_punjab.html |archivedate=4 March 2016}}

* {{cite news |first=Sukhwinder |last=Malhi |title=Bring small farmers under MNREGA, Punjab and Haryana farmers meet Ramesh |date=23 May 2012 |url=http://punjabnewsline.com/content/bring-small-farmers-under-mnrega-punjab-and-haryana-farmers-meet-ramesh/44745 |work=Punjab Newsline |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120726221508/http://www.punjabnewsline.com/content/bring-small-farmers-under-mnrega-punjab-and-haryana-farmers-meet-ramesh/44745 |archivedate=2012-07-26}}
* {{cite web |url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1395726/ |title=Food Corporation Of India. vs State Of Punjab And Another on 22 June, 2009 |author=Punjab-Haryana High Court}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.pidb.org/Tender/advertising_e_tendering.pdf |title=RFP for Consultants |publisher=Punjab Infrastructure Development Board }}{{cbignore}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mann, Gurpartap Singh}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Engineers from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:People from Gurdaspur district]]

Kerala State Film Award for Best Article on Cinema

2025-11-06T05:58:28Z

JerilynSturgess:

{{Short description|Annual Indian film award}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox film award
| name = Kerala State Film Award for Best Article on Cinema
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| subheader = State award for contributions to [[Malayalam cinema]]
| awarded_for = Best article on Malayalam cinema
| sponsor = [[Kerala State Chalachitra Academy]]
| firstawarded = 1998
| lastawarded = 2024
| reward = {{INR Convert|20000}}
| former name =
| holder_label = Most recent winner
| holder = Valsalan Vathussery
| award1_type = Total awarded
| award1_winner =
| award2_type = First winner
| award2_winner =
| award3_type = Last winner
| award3_winner =
| website = {{URL|keralafilm.com}}
| previous =
| next =
}}
The '''Kerala State Film Award for Best Article on Cinema''' is an award presented annually at the [[Kerala State Film Awards]] of India to the author of the best article on [[Malayalam cinema]]. The awards are managed directly by the [[Kerala State Chalachitra Academy]] under the [[Department of Cultural Affairs (Kerala)|Department of Cultural Affairs]] of the [[Government of Kerala]].

==Winners==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Author
! Article
! {{abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|1998
|Geetha
|''Innathe Malayalam Cinema''
|
|-
|1999
|E. A. Ashraf
|''Malayalam Cinema Charithravum Charithra Rahithyavum''
|
|-
|2000
|[[M. G. Radhakrishnan]]
|Idiliyum Fasisavum
|
|-
|2002
|Sudheer Parameswaran
|Sthreekathapathrangal Televisionilum Cinemayilum
|
|-
|2003
|[[C. S. Venkiteswaran]]
|Mammootty Enna Tharam
|
|-
|2004
|Vijayakrishnan
|Classicugal Komali Nadakangal Avunathu
|
|-
|2006
|[[N. P. Sajeesh]]
|What Malayalam Cinema Says To Muslims After the Gujarat Genocide.
|
|-
|2007

|K.P.Jayakumar
|Kanathaya Purushan Kazchapedunna Cinema
|
|-
|2008
|P. S. Radhakrishnan
|Vadakkanpattu Cinemakal
|
|-
|2009
|P. S. Radhakrishnan K. P. Jayakumar
|Chemmeen: Deshabhavayude Ethirolikal Apaharikkapedunna Kalapangal
|
|-
|2010
|Sujith Kumar [[Dr. Biju]]
|Nostalgia Nirmikunnath Kollaruth Samvidhayakare
|
|-
|2011
|Neelan
|Elipathayam: Eli Purathum Akathum
|
|-
|2012
|Aju K. Narayanan, Cheri Jacob K.
|Nirangalude Soundarya Rashtreeyangal
|
|-
|2013
|[[S. Jayachandran Nair]]
|Kazhchayude Sathyam
|
|-
|2014
|[[I. Shanmughadas]] V. Vijayakumar
|Daivanarthakante Krodham Charithrathe Chalachithramakkiya Master
|
|-
|2015
|Aju K. Narayanan
|Silver Screenile Ethirnottangal
|
|-
|2016
|[[N. P. Sajeesh]]
|Velutha Thirasheelayude Karutha Udalukal
|
|-
|2017
|A. Chandrasekhar
|Realisathinte Yadharthyangal
|
|-
|2018
|Blais Johny
|Vellithirayile 'Avarum Nammalum' Thammilendhu?
|
|-
|[[50th Kerala State Film Awards|2019]]
|[[Bipin Chandran]]
|''Madamballiyile Manorogi'' ''Komali Melkkai Nedunna Kalam''
|
|-
|[[51st Kerala State Film Awards|2020]]
|John Samuel
|Adoorinte 5 Nayaka Kathapathrangal
|
|-
|[[52nd Kerala State Film Awards|2021]]
|Jithin K. C.
|Malayala Cinemayile Aanoruthanmar
|
|-
|[[53rd Kerala State Film Awards|2022]]
|Sabu Pravadas
|Punasthapanam Enna Mahendrajalam
|
|-
|[[54th Kerala State Film Awards|2023]]
|Rakesh M. R.
|Desheeyathaye Azhichedukkunna Cinema
|
|-
|[[55th Kerala State Film Awards|2024]]
|Valsalan Vathussery
|Marayunna Naalukettukal
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/11/03/kerala-state-film-awards-2025-list-of-winners-live.html|title=Kerala State Film Awards 2025: Mammootty Best Actor, Shamla Hamza Best Actress, 'Manjummel Boys' is Best Film|work=OnlineManorama.com}}</ref>
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Book on Cinema]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120722074426/http://www.keralafilm.com/statefilm.htm Official website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232254/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawares.htm PRD, Govt. of Kerala: Awardees List]

{{Kerala State film Award}}

[[Category:Kerala State Film Awards]]

{{film-award-stub}}

Kavadi Sindhu

2025-11-06T02:09:10Z

JerilynSturgess:

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{infobox film
| director = [[K. Bhagyaraj]]
| writer = K. Bhagyaraj
| music = K. Bhagyaraj
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| producer = [[Muktha Srinivasan]]
| cinematography = K. Rajpreeth
| studio = Muktha Films Kunjappan Pictures
| starring = K. Bhagyaraj [[Amala Akkineni|Amala]]
}}
'''''Kaavadi Sindhu''''' is an unfinished Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film written and directed by [[K. Bhagyaraj]]. The film stars Bhagyaraj himself and [[Amala Akkineni|Amala]] in lead roles. It was jointly produced by [[Muktha Srinivasan|Muktha Films]] and Kunjappan Pictures. Bhagyaraj also composed the film's soundtrack. The film which was made in 1986 got shelved midway despite the release of the soundtrack.

== Cast ==
*[[K. Bhagyaraj]]
*[[Amala Akkineni|Amala]]

== Production ==
It was announced in July 1985 that Bhagyaraj would act and direct a film for Muktha Films.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 1985 |title=பாக்யராஜின் புதுப்படம் |url=https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_9_248/4.jp2/full/1000,1375/0/default.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250702114056/https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_9_248/4.jp2/full/1000,1375/0/default.jpg |archive-date=2 July 2025 |access-date=15 July 2025 |work=Anna |pages=4 |language=ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref> The song "Yaaro Sonnanga" was shot at Palani in places such as Savarikkadu, Kodai House, Palar Dam while the song "Jaamakozhi" was shot in a set with huts at Sathya Studios.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 September 1986 |title=பாக்யராஜ் மீது அமலா மயக்கம் |url=https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_10_299/4.jp2/full/1000,1364/0/default.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716004953/https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_10_299/4.jp2/full/1000,1364/0/default.jpg |archive-date=16 July 2025 |access-date=16 July 2025 |work=Anna |pages=4 |language=ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by Bhagyaraj.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 1987 |title=Kavadi Sindu (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/kavadi-sindu-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1705196947 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250715134828/https://music.apple.com/in/album/kavadi-sindu-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1705196947 |archive-date=15 July 2025 |access-date=15 July 2025 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kavadi Sindhu (1986) Tamil Superhit Film Lp Vinyl Record by K.Bhagyaraj |url=https://dmcvinyl.com/collection/kavadi-sindhu-by-k-bhagyaraj/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715130123/https://dmcvinyl.com/collection/kavadi-sindhu-by-k-bhagyaraj/ |archive-date=15 July 2025 |access-date=15 July 2025 |website=DMC Vinyl}}</ref> The songs "Yaaro Sonnanga", "Jaamakozhi" and "Enna Kurai" became popular during release.<ref name="kav">{{Cite web |date=11 July 2022 |title=How three songs from Bhagyaraj's shelved film Kavadi Sindhu made it to another film |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/how-three-songs-from-bhagyarajs-shelved-kavadi-sindhu-made-it-to-another-film-5353741.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715131755/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/how-three-songs-from-bhagyarajs-shelved-kavadi-sindhu-made-it-to-another-film-5353741.html |archive-date=15 July 2025 |access-date=15 July 2025 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2022 |title=இந்த படங்கள் மட்டும் வந்திருந்தால் எம்ஜிஆரும், பாக்யராஜூம் வேற லெவல் தான்...! வட போச்சே..! |url=https://cinereporters.com/dropped-movies-but-superhit-which-are-acted-by-mgr-and-packyaraj |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715132239/https://cinereporters.com/dropped-movies-but-superhit-which-are-acted-by-mgr-and-packyaraj |archive-date=15 July 2025 |access-date=15 July 2025 |website=Cinereporters |language=ta}}</ref> Bhagyaraj choose to compose music for the film himself due to a misunderstanding with composer [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref name="sin" />

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics
|-
|"Sangeetham Enakku"||[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]||[[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
|-
|"Yaaro Sonnanga"||S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[S. Janaki]]||Vaali
|-
|"Enna Kurai Rasave" ||S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[K. S. Chithra]]||Vaali
|-
|"En Jodikili"||S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki||[[Muthulingam (poet)|Muthulingam]]
|-
|"Vilakku Ethathum" ||S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki||Chinnakonar
|-
|"Jaamakozhi" ||[[P. Jayachandran]], S. Janaki||Vaali
|-
|"Oru Poo Poothada"||S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki||Vaali
|-
|"Oru Ettu Mozha"||S. Janaki||Vaali
|-
|"Vethala Kaadu" ||Jayachandran, Chithra||Vaali
|-
|"Maamov Adikkadi" ||S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chithra||Vaali
|}

== Legacy ==
Despite the release of the soundtrack, the film was shelved midway and never completed.<ref name="kav" /> However the songs "Ettumozham", "Ennenamo" and "Saamakozhi" from this film were later reused in a film called ''Pattanamthan Pogalamadi'' (1990) as mentioned in thanks card.<ref name="sin">{{Cite web |date=10 June 2022 |title=நின்றுபோன காவடி சிந்து படமும், நிற்காமல் ஒலிக்கும் சாமக்கோழி பாடலும் |url=https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/cinema-about-stopped-kavadi-sindhu-movie-and-non-stop-sounding-samakozhi-song-vin-jbr-756993-page-6.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715133603/https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/cinema-about-stopped-kavadi-sindhu-movie-and-non-stop-sounding-samakozhi-song-vin-jbr-756993.html |archive-date=15 July 2025 |access-date=15 July 2025 |website=[[News18]] |language=ta}}</ref> The footage of "Saamakozhi" picturised on Bhagyaraj and Amala was added in the film during the scene where [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] and [[Rupini]] visit a theatre to watch a film while the rest of the songs from ''Kavadi Sindhu'' were picturised with the star cast of this film consisting of [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]], Radhika, [[Nizhalgal Ravi]] and Rupini.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2022 |title=பாதியில் நின்ற படம், படமாக்கப்பட்ட 3 பாடல்களை வேறு ஒரு படத்தில் பயன்படுத்திய ஹிட்டாக்கிய பாக்யராஜ் – என்ன ஒரு மூளை பாருங்க. |url=https://tamil.behindtalkies.com/bhagyaraj-used-his-song-in-other-movie/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715134332/https://tamil.behindtalkies.com/bhagyaraj-used-his-song-in-other-movie/ |archive-date=15 July 2025 |access-date=15 July 2025 |website=Behind Talkies |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{K. Bhagyaraj}}

[[Category:1980s unfinished films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Bhagyaraj]]
[[Category:Films produced by Muktha Srinivasan]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. Bhagyaraj]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by K. Bhagyaraj]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Unreleased Tamil-language films]]

Kerala State Film Award for Best Art Director

2025-11-03T12:39:43Z

JerilynSturgess: fixed layout for consistency

{{Short description|Annual Indian film award}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
The '''[[Kerala State Film Award]] for Best Art Director''' winners:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No
! Year
! Art Director
! Film
|-
|1
|1971
|R.B.Mani
|
|-
|2
|1972
|Devadathan
|''Swayamvaram''
|-
|3
|1973
|Surendran
|
|-
|4
|1974
|[[Namboothiri (artist)|K.M.Vasudevan Namboothiri]]
|''[[Utharayanam]]''
|-
|5
|1975
|[[Bharathan]]
|''Prayanam''
|-
|6
|1976
|[[I. V. Sasi]]
|''Anubhavam''
|-
|7
|1977
|N.Sivan
|''Kodiyettam''
|-
|8
|1978
|C.N.Karunakaran
|''Aswadhama''
|-
|9
|1979
|[[Bharathan]]
|
|-
|10
|1980
|[[Bharathan]], Padmanabhan
|
|-
|11
|1981
|[[Bharathan]]
|''Chatta''
|-
|12
|1982
|[[Bharathan]]
|''[[Ormakkayi]]''
|-
|13
|1983
|I.V.Sateesh Babu
|''Aaroodam''
|-
|14
|1984
|[[Bharathan]]
|''Ithiripoove Chuvannapoove''
|-
|15
|1985
|Jayasingh
|
|-
|16
|1986
|K.Sheker
|''Onnu Muthal Poojyam Vare''
|-
|17
|1987
|[[P. Krishnamoorthy]]
|[[Swathi Thirunal (1987 film)|''Swathi Thirunal'']]
|-
|18
|1988
|[[P. Krishnamoorthy]]
|[[Vaisali (film)|Vaishali]]
|-
|19
|1989
|[[P. Krishnamoorthy]]
|[[Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha]], [[Vachanam]]
|-
|20
|1990
|Rajeev Anjal
|''[[Njan Gandharvan]]''
|-
|21
|1991
|[[Thotta Tharani]]
|[[Abhimanyu (1991 film)|''Abhimanyu'']]
|-
|22
|1992
|Mani Suchitra
|''[[Vietnam Colony]]''
|-
|23
|1993
|[[P. Krishnamoorthy]]
|''Ghazal''
|-
|24
|1994
|[[Sabu Cyril]]
|''[[Thenmavin Kombath]]''
|-
|25
|1995
|[[Sabu Cyril]]
|[[Kala Pani (1996 film)|''Kalapani'']]
|-
|26
|1996
|[[P. Krishnamoorthy]]
|''Kulam''
|-
|27
|1997
|[[Muthuraj]]
|''Guru''
|-
|28
|1998
|[[Samir Chanda]]
|''[[Daya (film)|Daya]]''
|-
|29
|1999
|Murukan Shadoos
|''Irushi Vamsam''
|-
|30
|2000
|[[A V Gokuldas (Art Director)]]
|''[[Sayahnam]]''
|-
|31
|2001
|Shaji Raghavan
|''[[Kanappurangal]]''
|-
|32
|2002
|Suresh Kollam
|''[[Nammal]]''
|-
|33
|2003
|Baava
|''Mullavalliyum Thenmavum, [[C.I.D. Moosa]]''
|-
|34
|2004
|Raja Unnithan
|''Akale''
|-
|35
|2005
|Sunil Babu
|''[[Anandabhadram]]''
|-
|36
|2006
|[[A V Gokuldas (Art Director)]]
|''Tanthra''
|-
|37
|2007
|[[Rajasekharan_Parameswaran]]
|''[[Naalu Pennungal]]''
|-
|38
|2008
|Manu Jagat
|[[Calcutta News (film)|''Calcutta News'']]
|-
|39
|2009
|[[Muthuraj]]
|[[Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja (film)|''Pazhassi Raja'']]
|-
|40
|2011
|[[Sujith]]
|''[[Naayika]]''
|-
|41
|2012
|[[Suresh Kollam]]
|[[Celluloid (film)|''Celluloid'']]
|-
|42
|2013
|[[M. Bawa]]
|[[Amen (2013 film)|''Amen'']]
|-
|43
|2014
|[[Indulal Kaveedu]]
|''[[Njan Ninnodukoodeyundu]]''
|-
|45
|2015
|[[Jayashree Laxmi Narayanan]]
|[[Charlie (2015 Malayalam film)|''Charlie'']]
|-
|46
|2016
|[[A V Gokuldas (Art Director)]] and S Nagaraj
|''[[Kammatipaadam]]''
|-
|47
|2017
|[[Santhosh Raman]]
|[[Take Off (2017 film)|''Take Off'']]
|-
|48
|2018
|[[Vinesh Banglan]]
|''[[Kammara Sambhavam]]''
|-
|49
|2019
|Jothish Shankar
|[[Kumbalangi Nights]], [[Android Kunjappan Version 5.25]]
|-
|50
|2020
|Santosh Raman
|[[Malik (film)|Malik]], Pyali
|-
|51
|2021
|Gokuldas A.V
|[[Thuramukham (2022 film)|Thuramukham]]
|-
|52
|2022
|Jothish Shankar
|[[Nna Thaan Case Kodu]]
|-
|53
|2023
|Mohandas
|[[2018 (film)|2018 - Everyone is a Hero]]
|-
|54
|2024
|Ajayan Chalissey
|[[Manjummel Boys]]
|}

==References==
*{{Official website|http://www.keralafilm.com/statefilm.htm}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232254/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawares.htm PRD, Govt. of Kerala: Awardees List]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110726220240/http://www.keralatourism.org/leadinglights/artist-namboothiri-77.php, Leadinglights Kerala Tourism]
{{Kerala State film Award}}

[[Category:Kerala State Film Awards]]

Malayapuram Singaravelu

2025-10-28T00:25:07Z

JerilynSturgess: minor changes

{{Short description|Freedom fighter and one of the founding member of Communist Party of India}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Malayapuram Singaravelu
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1860|2|18}}
|birth_place = [[Madras]], [[British India]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1946|2|11|1860|2|18}}
|death_place = [[Madras]], [[British India]]
|image = Malayapuram Singaravelu Chettiar 2006 stamp of India.jpg
|spouse =
|children =
|movement =
|organization =
| party =
|monuments =
|alma_mater =
|awards =
}}
'''Malayapuram Singaravelu''' (18 February 1860 – 11 February 1946), also known as '''M. Singaravelu''' and '''Singaravelar''', was a pioneer in more than one field in [[India]]. In 1918, he founded the first trade union in India. On 1 May 1923 he organised the first ever celebration of May Day in the country. Singaravelar was a major leader of the [[Indian independence movement]], initially under the leadership of [[Gandhi]], but later, joining the budding communist movement. In 1925, he became one of the founding fathers of the [[Communist Party of India]], and chaired its inaugural convention in [[Kanpur]]. Though the [[British Raj|British Government]] arrested him along with other leaders on charges of conspiring to wage war against [[the Crown]], he was set free soon after, on account of his failing health. Singaravelar was also a path-breaking social reformer who in his early life took to [[Buddhism]], seeing it as a weapon against the evil of [[untouchability]], which was particularly severe in the 19th-century India. He was also at the forefront of [[Self-Respect Movement]], in the [[Madras Presidency]] that fought for equal rights for [[backward castes]]. Though in his advanced years, he withdrew from active politics, Singaravelar remained a staunch advocate of the causes he had pioneered till his death at the age of 85.

==Early life==
Singaravelar was born into a pattanavar chettiar family, the third son of Venkatachalam and Valliammai in [[Madras]] (now called [[Chennai]]).<ref name= Singaravelu>[http://www.singaravelar.com/Biography.htm Vasantha Kumaran, P. ''Singaravelar Godfather of Indian Labour''.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113100746/http://www.singaravelar.com/Biography.htm|date=13 January 2018}} Chennai: Poornimaa Publication,</ref> He matriculated in 1881 and then, from [[Madras Christian College]], he passed F.A. (First examination in Arts) in 1884. Singaravelar took his bachelor's degree from the [[Presidency College, Chennai|Presidency College]] under the [[Madras University]]. He joined the [[Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, Chennai|Madras Law College]] and got his [[Bachelor of Laws]] degree in 1907.<ref name= Singaravelu/> Thereafter Singaravelar practised law at the [[Madras High Court]].

In 1889, Singaravelar married Angammal.<ref name= Singaravelu/> Their only daughter was Kamala. Seetha, his grand-niece, married [[Philip Spratt]] in 1939. Singaravelar was successful as a lawyer; within a short period, he earned enough wealth to acquire estates in Madras town and suburbs.<ref name= Singaravelu/>

===Singaravelar and Maha Bodhi Society===
Around this time, Singaravelar had shown growing willingness to combat social evils such as [[untouchability]]. The leading voice of the oppressed classes at the end of the 19th century was [[Iyothee Thass]] (also referred to as Pandit C. Ayodhya Dasa and Iyothi Thass) (1845–1914). He was born into a fisherman family (most backward caste) and had concluded that rationalist ideas of Buddhism could be used as a weapon against untouchability. He and other oppressed class people from Tamil Nadu decided thence forth to call themselves Buddhist, and live accordingly. In 1890 he started Sakya Buddhist Society and later in 1900, South Indian Buddhist Association in Madras.<ref>[http://www.payer.de/neobuddhismus/neobud0801.htm Materialien zum Neobuddhismus (Materials on Neobuddhism] Accessed on 14 November 2007</ref> Influenced by Iyothee Thass, Singaravelar also became growingly open to Buddhist ideas.

[[Anagarika Dharmapala]], the [[Sri Lanka|Ceylonese]] Buddhist missionary founded the [[Maha Bodhi Society|Maha Bodhi society]] for revival of Buddhism in 1891. Iyothee Thass and [[Henry Steel Olcott|Col. Olcott]] of the [[Theosophical Society]], [[Adyar (Chennai)|Adyar]] in [[Madras]], wanted to convene a meeting on Dharmapala's arrival in Madras. The meeting that took place on 8 August 1898 was held at [[Royapettah]] house of Singaravelar. Later on 28 September the Madras branch of the Maha Bodhi Society was inaugurated in the presence of a large gathering. At this meeting a resolution was moved by Singaravelar to form, in Madras, the first branch of the Maha Bodhi Society.<ref>[http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/09/17/fea05.asp. Jayawardane, Lakshman Pioneer of Buddhist Revival Movement in South India.]{{dead link|date=January 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} accessed on 14 November 2007</ref> Much later, in 1923, when Singaravelar issued the manifesto of his newly formed Labour and Kishan Party of Hindusthan, he signed it as 'M. Singaravelu (''Indian communist'') President, Madras Maha Bodhi Society'.<ref>Ralhan 1997, p.119</ref>

==Singaravelar and early labor movement==
In the history of working class movement in India, Madras came to occupy an important place when, within six months of the [[Russian Revolution]], Singaravelar, on 27 April 1918, formed the first trade union in India, called the Madras Labor Union of the British-owned Buckingham & Carnatic Mills.<ref>Murugesan 1975, p. 33</ref> Chettiiar became its first president. Singaravelar and other activists of the period, like [[Thiru Vi Ka]] ([[Telugu language|Tamil]] for 'Mr. V. K.' – standing for Mr. V. Kalyanasundaram) organised more unions such as M.S.M. Workers Union, Electricity Workers Union, Tramway Workers Union, Petroleum Employees Union, Printing Workers Union, Aluminium Workers Union, Railway Employees Union, [[Coimbatore]] Weavers Union and [[Madurai]] Weavers Union.

From their inception trade unions in Madras were drawn into long, and often bloody, confrontations with the management. According to the noted economist [[Amiya Kumar Bagchi]]:

<blockquote> Madras had led the trade union movement with the organisation of workers into Madras Labour Union, but the movement could not flourish in a region with abundant labour, slow industrial growth and employees who were determined not to make any concession to labour organisations.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UZZcTYzHBtgC|last=Bagchi|first=Amiya Kumar|title=Private Investment in India, 1900–1939|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2000|isbn=0415190126|page=141}}</ref></blockquote>

Buckingham & Carnatic Mills workers' strike is a case in point. The management of the Mills did not even concede workers right to combine. The union was banned by the British authorities. A flash point occurred when a British manager threatened workers with a gun, which was snatched by workers and started firing back. The police came and opened fire killing two young workers.

Singaravelar, Thiru Vi Ka, and other leaders called for a strike on 21 June 1921. The management retaliated by instigating a [[caste]] war through recruitment of workers from 'low' castes to fill the strikers' vacancies. The strike turned into a caste war between two warring groups. On 29 August 1921, police firing near the Mills' premises in [[Perambur]], near Madras, killed seven people. When their funeral procession was taken out some miscreants threw stones, leading to another round of caste violence. Two more firings – on 19 September and 15 October 1921 followed. After six months, the strike came to an end, failing to meet any of its objectives.<ref name= Singaravelu /> From then Singaravelar started seeking political backing for the working class movement.

Aluminium workers in Madras struck work in July 1922. Singaravelar speaking in Tamil Nadu Congress Committee meeating in September 1922 said that the [[Indian National Congress]] should take up the cause of labour.<ref>Murugesan 1975, p. 39</ref> Later he led a strike of workers of Addisons press. In December 1922 he was in the forefront of Madras Tramways workers strike. Singaravelar also presided over the strike of 30 August 1924 by the scavengers of Madras Corporation.

===Singaravelar's contact with émigré communists===
Singaravelar attracted the attention of the émigré Communist Party of India, which was founded by [[M. N. Roy]], [[Shaukat Usmani]] and others in [[Tashkent]] on 17 October 1920. Describing the formation of earliest communist groups in India, [[S. A. Dange]] is quoted as below: <blockquote>The Tashkent Party (ie. CPI) and the Executive Committee of the [[Communist International]] tried to build contacts independently and through me with communist group in Calcutta led by [[Muzaffar Ahmed (politician)|Muzaffar Ahmed]] and the group in Madras led by M. Singaravelu.<ref>Ralhan 1997, p.85</ref></blockquote> [[Abani Mukherji]], a close associate of M.N. Roy, smuggled himself to India from Moscow via [[Berlin]] in December 1922 and surreptitiously met local communist leaders. After meeting Dange at the [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] session of the Congress in December 1922, and meeting [[Bengal]] communist groups, Mukherji moved to Madras and met Singaravelar. Mukherji helped him with his efforts to form Hindustan Labour Kishan Party and also to draw up its manifesto.<ref>Ralhan 1997, p. 117</ref> Earlier Singaravelar had met Dange at the Gaya session of the Congress.<ref name="Murugesan 1975, p.4">Murugesan 1975, p. 4</ref>

==Singaravelar and the Congress==
When [[Mahatma Gandhi]] launched the [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)|non-cooperation movement]] starting from September 1920 to February 1922, Singaravelar accepted Gandhi's leadership and became one of the influential leaders of the Presidency Congress Party. He set fire to his lawyer's gown at a public meeting in May 1921 as symbolic of boycotting the British courts. In May 1921, he wrote a letter to Mahatma Gandhi explaining his action, "I have given up my profession as a lawyer today. I shall follow you as you strive for the people of this country."

An important event of the period was the visit of [[Prince of Wales]] and his consort to India. When they came to Madras, Singaravelar organised the boycott of the delegation through an unprecedented ''hartal'' or complete shutdown of shops and establishments of the town. The shutdown was complete, but there were instances of compulsion.

Gandhi in an article in ''Young India'', dated 9 February 1922 criticized the hartal and Singaravelar for not imbibing the true spirit of non-cooperation movement. He quoted a letter from one of his disciples, Dr. Rajan:

<blockquote>Just two days ago, Mr. Singaravelu Chettiar, president Madras District Congress Council, held a public meeting on the Madras beach. The first resolution congratulated the citizens of Madras on their successful hartal and the second resolution condemned the excesses committed that day.</blockquote>

<blockquote>I wired to Mr. Singaravelu not to have this ugly meeting but evidently no notice seems to have been taken of it<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gandhiserve.org/cwmg/VOL026.PDF |title=''The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi'' Volume. 26: 24 January 1922 – 12 November 1923 p. 132. |access-date=14 November 2007 |archive-date=12 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512015940/http://www.gandhiserve.org/cwmg/VOL026.PDF |url-status=dead }}</ref></blockquote>

Gandhi's comment on the passage was:

<blockquote>The confession, therefore, that Dr. Rajan has made is an invigorating process. It strengthens him and the cause for which he stands. Non-co-operation is a vicious and corrupt doctrine, truly an "ugly" word, if it does not mean down-right self-purification. Stubborn and implacable resistance against internal corruption is enough resistance against the Government.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gandhiserve.org/cwmg/VOL026.PDF |title=''The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi'' Volume. 26: 24 January 1922 – 12 November 1923 p. 134. |access-date=14 November 2007 |archive-date=12 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512015940/http://www.gandhiserve.org/cwmg/VOL026.PDF |url-status=dead }}</ref></blockquote>

===Singaravelar in Gaya congress convention===
When the Indian National Congress met in Gaya, in 1922, Singaravelar participated, seeing himself as a representative of workers. He spoke in favour of labour legislation and felt that the labour movement in India must be a part of the congress movement. M. N. Roy praised him for calling himself a communist, in ''Vanguard'' dated 1 March 1923:

<blockquote>That Singaravelu participated in the Gaya Congress Meeting in which people with different ideas took part will be considered a historic event. When many leaders were afraid that their honour and respect as important leaders will be lost and young men were afraid of the steps that the government would take, this sixty-year-old grey-haired elder called him a communist". It is impossible not to praise him.<ref>Murugesan 1975, p.168</ref></blockquote>

The theme of his speech was that "it is necessary approach the workers personally and make Trade Unions a part of the Congress." Following his speech, the Gaya meeting adopted the Labor Resolution that said:

<blockquote>It is the opinion of this conference that all Indian Labourers should be united. To safeguard their rights and prevent their exploitation and for equal distribution of wealth among all, the various labour and kisan unions should be unified and for this purpose, a committee of six<ref>Including Singaravelu Chettiar.</ref> has been constituted.</blockquote>

===The first May Day in India===
On 1 May 1923, Singaravelar founded the [[Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan|Labour Kishan Party of Hindusthan]] (party of workers and peasants) in [[Madras]]. The foundation ceremony was purposefully kept on the May Day; and for the first time in India, under the auspices of the newly formed party,<ref name="Murugesan 1975, p.4"/> the day was observed as [[International Workers' Day]]. On that occasion, again for the first time the [[red flag (politics)|red flag]] was used in India.<ref name="rao1">M. V. S. Koteswara Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 110</ref> Singaravelar made arrangements to celebrate the May Day in two places in the One meeting was held at the beach opposite to the [[Madras High Court]]; the other was held at the [[Triplicane]] beach. [[The Hindu]] newspaper, published from Madras reported:

<blockquote>The Labour Kisan party has introduced May Day celebrations in Chennai. Comrade Singaravelar presided over the meeting. A resolution was passed stating that the government should declare May Day as a holiday. The president of the party explained the non-violent principles of the party. There was a request for financial aid. It was emphasised that workers of the world must unite to achieve independence.<ref>Murugesan 1975, p.169</ref></blockquote>

===Labour Kishan Party of Hindusthan===
Labour Kishan Party of Hindusthan was a part of a larger, but not inter-connected, moves by various Indian communist groups to find a mass-based political platform. Dange, for instance, wrote to M. N. Roy of the émigré Communist Party of India and a leader of the [[Comintern]], regarding his desire to start a Socialist Labour Party of India. In reply, Roy explained the relation between émigré Communist Party of India and 'mass party of revolutionary nationalist struggle' and further said that "each of the Indian "centres" produced a separate scheme and it was some time before they could agree to combine." Roy was probably referring to Singaravelar's proposal to start a similar party. Same year Dange wrote in his journal ''Socialist'' that all his activities were now a part of the Labour Kishan Party of Hindusthan and he asked for opening up of its branches everywhere.<ref>Murugesan 1975, p.90-91</ref>

Singaravelar announced that it would join the Indian National Congress and would strive to function as the labour and farmer wing of that party. Labour Kishan Party was a precursor to Workers and Peasants Party of 1925 that would function within the Congress, as a left wing platform for the same. In the manifesto of the party Singaravelar described Congress 'our chief political organ, appear to define "nation" by referring to propertied class.<ref>Ralhan 1997, p.93</ref>

In December 1923 Singaravelar started a fortnightly journal called ''The Labour Kisan Gazette''. Singaravelar also started the Tamil Weekly ''Thozhilalar'' in which he wrote about the working class movements spreading in various parts of the world during the early part of the 1920s.

In 1925, Singaravelar was elected as a member of the [[Greater Chennai Corporation|Madras Corporation]]. On Singaravelar's initiative, the first ever [[Midday Meal Scheme]] was introduced in Madras for providing cooked meals to children in corporation schools.

==Formation of Communist Party of India==
In the Gaya congress session of 1922, the president of the session, [[C. R. Das]] moved a resolution for 'Council-Entry programme,' that is, 'Non-Cooperation from within the Councils.' He however met with vehement opposition from the Mahatma and the 'no-changers'. [[C. Rajagopalachari]] led the Council-Entry opposition. The resolution lost. M. N. Roy wrote:

<blockquote>It has been proved at Gaya, if proof were still needed, that the National struggle can be led, neither by the reactionary petty-bourgeoisie acting through the orthodox "No-Changers" under the divine guidance of St. Rajagopal, nor by the radical intellectuals desirous of harking back to the folds of Constitutionalism, under the guise of loyalty to the memory of Tilak. Between these two centripetal forces, Bengal's "Sentimental Tommy" (C. R. Das) croaked. Before he could wreck the Councils, the Councils wrecked him. What is to be done? A new party must be organised.<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/roy/1923/02/15.htm Roy, M. N. ''On the Gaya Congress'']. Marxist Internet Archive</ref></blockquote>

Early communists like Dange, Singaravelar, M. N. Roy's associate, Abani Mukherji, a deportee from [[Fiji]] and a lawyer [[Manilal Doctor]] were present at the Gaya session and saw Gandhi's support to the 'no-changers.' Efforts to form a unified platform intensified. On 29 January 1923, Dange wrote to Singaravelar that:

<blockquote>You perhaps know that Roy wants to hold a conference of Indian Communists in [[Berlin]]. I think it is a mad venture Indians to go hunting Communism in European Conference, whatever has to be done must be done in India.<ref>Ralhan 1997, p. 40</ref></blockquote>

===Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy case===
In January 1924, the government of India compiled a brief on activities of communists in India. The Government Counsel recommended prosecution against the first eight in the list, namely, M. N. Roy, Muzaffar Ahmed, [[Shaukat Usmani]] Gulam Hussain, S. A. Dange, Singaravelu, Ramcharan Lal Sharma, and Nalini Gupta. But no recommendations were made against S. D. Hussain, M. P. T. Velayudham (an associate of Singaravelar), Sampurnand, Manilal Doctor, and Satya Bhakta.<ref>Ralhan 1997, p. 43</ref> The report was submitted to the Governor General and on further legal scrutiny some lacunae were found. The scope of the case was revised to bring in a conspiracy angle: that the Third [[Communist International]] had appointed Roy as its agent and had instructed him to establish a communist party with the help of Shaukat Usmani, S. A. Dange, Singaravelu, Gulam Hussain, and Muzaffar Ahmed.

As the charges were getting framed Dange and Singaravelar were arrested under Regulation III of 1918 that allowed detention without trial in August 1923. Subsequently, Muzaffar Ahmed (Calcutta), Shaukat Usmani (Kanpur) and Gulam Hussain (Lahore) were arrested. On 20 December 1923 Nalini Gupta was also arrested under the same regulation. Roy evaded arrest since he was abroad. Ramcharan Lal Sharma was not arrested because he had migrated to the French territory of [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]] due to police harassment.

On 17 March 1924 cases were framed against the accused in what was called the [[Kanpur|Cawnpore]] (now spelt Kanpur) Bolshevik Conspiracy case. The specific charge was that they as communists were seeking "to deprive the King Emperor of his sovereignty of British India, by complete separation of India from Britain by a violent revolution." Out of the six accused in custody only four—S. A. Dange, Shaukat Usmani, Muzaffar Ahmed and Nalini Gupta—were produced. Singaravelar, now 64, was confined to bed due to illness. He was later released on bail.<ref>Ralhan 1997, p. 54-55</ref> Gulam Hussain was pardoned after he confessed that he had received money in Kabul.<ref name="Ralhan, O.P.">Ralhan, O. P. (ed.) ''Encyclopedia of Political Parties'' New Delhi: Anmol Publications p. 336</ref>

The case attracted interest of the people towards Comintern plan to bring about violent revolution in India. Communist trials had taken place in India, in frontier towns like [[Peshawar]] where Russian trained Muhajir (Urdu-speaking people) communists were put on trial. "But no case had attracted public gaze like the Kanpur case. Pages of newspapers daily splashed sensational communist plans and people for the first time learned such a large scale about communism and its doctrines and the aims of the Communist International in India."<ref name="Ralhan, O.P."/> Names of accused like S. A. Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed, Shaukat Usmani, and Singaravelu Chettiar came to be recognised across the country.

===First communist conference===
In 1924, shortly after the Kanpur Conspiracy Case, Satyabhakta, a Congress worker in the [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]] had decided to organise a 'legal' Communist Party, that is, a party that would not attract treasonable charges such as in the Kanpur case. Initially no significant notice was taken of Satyabhakta's venture, but when Nalini Gupta was released from the jail (July 1925) and later when Muzaffar Ahmed was released in September on grounds of poor health, their interest fell on Satyabhakta's party for organizational work—in the absence of any other structure.<ref name="Ralhan 1997, p.59">Ralhan 1997, p. 59.</ref> Satyabhakta then announced a communist conference in DeMarxistcember 1925, at Kanpur, to be concurrently held with Indian National Congress convention. His idea was to demarcate himself from the existing communist groups. N. N. Roy was skeptical when he wrote in the October 1925 issue of his magazine,''Masses of India'' that:

<blockquote>It is premature to say that what shape this 'Communist Party' will ultimately assume and how far it is going to be Communist in Programme and actions.<ref name="Ralhan 1997, p.59"/></blockquote>

The conference was held on 25–26 December 1925. Singaravelu Chettiar was elected to preside over the session. The meeting adopted a resolution for the formation of the [[Communist Party of India]]. According to the Constitution, the object of the Party was, to quote:

<blockquote>establishment of workers' and peasants' republic based on socialisation of means of production and distribution, by the liberation of India from British imperialist domination.<ref>Ralhan 1997, p.1</ref></blockquote>

The British government's extreme hostility towards communists, made them to decide not to openly function as a communist party; instead, they chose a more open and non-federated platform, under the name the Workers and Peasants Parties.

==Singaravelar and railway employees' strike==
Employees of various railway systems in India, the North-Western Railway, Bengal Nagpur Railway, and The East Indian Railway went on to strike demanding better working conditions and for better treatment by the management.Singaravelar went on a tour to north India to extend his support to the striking railway employees. In February 1927, he reached [[Bhopal]] and met the striking workers. In [[Howrah]] and [[Bengal]], 30,000 workers were on strike. Singaravelar along with a group of workers from Madras State also took part in the strike.

===South Indian Railway Strike===
After returning from his North Indian tour Singaravelar was drawn into another railway employees' strike. In 1927, the workers of the South Indian Railways were resisting measures by the management to retrench them through a fresh assessment of their skills. Also the management had decided relocating employees working in different railway workshops to one near [[Tiruchirapalli]](Trichy). The workers demanded the withdrawal of both these measures. When the management refused to accede to their demands, the workers went on strike from 19 July 1928. All the railway employees, irrespective of their seniority, joined the strike. From 21 July 1928, the trains were stilled.

The strike eventually failed. Singaravelar along with a prominent leader of the strike, Sakkarai Chettiar, and a number of employees were arrested. Singaravelar was sentenced the ten years imprisonment, which was reduced to 18 months on appeal.

==Singaravelar and the self-respect movement==
[[File:Singaravelu Statue in Puducherry.jpg|thumb|400px|right|The statue of Singaravelu Chettiar, on the side of a busy street in [[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]].]]

Singaravelar felt that [[E. V. Ramasamy]]'s [[self-respect movement]] (that advocated for upliftment of intermediate castes and opposing upper castes viz. the brahmins) and the communist movement should work together to save the Tamil labour forces from the clutches of both religious and economic exploiters. This appealed to periyar and he published Singaravelar's contributions in his magazine,''Kudiyarasu''. In 1931, Periyar undertook a journey to [[Soviet Union]] and other European countries. On his return, he invited Singaravelar to Erode for discussions. Periyar convened a meeting of the movement at his residence on 28–29 December 1932, and drew out what was called the Erode Plan. Periyar had taken a decision to support pro-British [[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]] and to oppose the Indian National Congress in the elections that followed. Unlike Congress, the Justice Party had agreed to implement a policy of appointments to government jobs in proportion to caste ratios, as demanded by the leaders of the self-respect movement.

Significance of Singaravelar's association with the self-respect movement is brought out by [[Karthigesu Sivathamby]], a prominent Tamil scholar from Sri Lanka who has closely studied the social movements in Madras province,

<blockquote>By this time the rationalist movement, through its association with the world socialist movement, was becoming more scientific. It was not merely rationalism in the Ingersolian sense. It was becoming more and more scientific... promotion of socialism, and so on. And this is seen in the immediate tie-up of M. Singaravelu Chettiar and Periyar.<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20070320035223/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1922/stories/20021108002409200.htm De-ideologisation of politics is the tragedy of Tamil Nadu]}} Interview with Karthigesu Sivathamby by R. Vijaya Sankar ''Frontline'', Chennai October 26 – November 08, 2002</ref></blockquote>

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.singaravelar.com/foreword.htm Reviews of book 'Godfather of Indian Labour']

==Bibliography==
{{Commons category|Malayapuram Singaravelu Chettiar}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W8AVAQAAIAAJ|title=Communist Party of India|first=O. P.|last=Ralhan|publisher=Anmol Publications|year=1997|isbn=8174883010}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LW0FAAAAMAAJ|title=Singaravelu, first communist in South India|last1=Murugesan|first1=K.|last2=Subramanyam|first2=C. S.|publisher=People's Pub. House|year=1975|isbn=9780883867143}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malayapuram Singaravelu Chettiar}}
[[Category:1860 births]]
[[Category:1946 deaths]]
[[Category:People from the Madras Presidency]]
[[Category:Writers from Chennai]]
[[Category:Tamil writers]]
[[Category:Converts to Buddhism from Hinduism]]
[[Category:Indian former Hindus]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Buddhists]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian Buddhists]]
[[Category:Tamil-language writers]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chennai]]
[[Category:Trade unionists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian communists]]
[[Category:Indian political writers]]
[[Category:Writers from British India]]

List of awards and nominations received by Anil Kapoor

2025-09-27T10:34:22Z

JerilynSturgess: adjusted article as per guidelines as per guidelines

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2013}}
{{Infobox awards list
| name = Anil Kapoor
| image = Anil Kapoor at Tezz promotional bus ride (6).jpg
| image_size = 200px
| alt =
| caption = Kapoor at a promotional event for ''[[Tezz]]'' in 2012
| wins = 40
| nominations = 13
| award1 = [[Filmfare Awards]]
| award1W = 7
| award1N = 10
| award2 = [[Screen Awards]]
| award2W = 3
| award2N =1
| award3 = [[IIFA Awards]]
| award3W = 5
| award3N = 0
| award4 = [[Zee Cine Awards]]
| award4W = 3
| award4N = 0
| award5 = [[National Film Awards]]
| award5W = 2
| award5N = 0
| award6 = [[Bollywood Movie Awards]]
| award6W = 1
| award6N = 0
| award7 = Sansui Awards
| award7W = 1
| award7N = 1
| award8 = [[Stardust Awards]]
| award8W = 4
| award8N = 0
| award9 = [[Times of India Film Awards]]
| award9W = 1
| award9N = 0
| award10 = [[Producers Guild Awards]]
| award10W = 1
| award10N = 0
| award11 = [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| award11W = 2
| award12 = Other awards
| award12W = 9
| award12N = 1
}}

[[Anil Kapoor]] (born 24 December 1956)<ref name="dob">{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/my-dad-is-a-liar-sonam-kapoor/article1-829316.aspx | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322224939/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/My-dad-is-a-liar-Sonam-Kapoor/Article1-829316.aspx | url-status=dead | archive-date=22 March 2012 | title=My dad is a liar: Sonam Kapoor | accessdate=2012-03-22 | agency=Indo-Asian News Service| date=22 December 2012 | work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[actor]] and [[film producer]] who has appeared in many [[Bollywood]] films and more recently international films. Kapoor's career has spanned for over 30 years as an actor, he turned into producer with his critically acclaimed film ''[[Gandhi, My Father]]'' (2007). His first role as a lead actor was in the [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Tollywood]] [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Vamsa Vruksham]]'' (1980). He won his first [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]] category, for his role in Yash Chopra's ''[[Mashaal]]'' (1984). Kapoor earned his first [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]] for his performance in N. Chandra's ''[[Tezaab]]'' (1988) and later again for his performance in Indra Kumar's ''[[Beta (film)|Beta]]'' (1992). He also starred in many other critically and commercially successful films, including ''[[Woh Saat Din]]'' (1983), ''[[Meri Jung]]'' (1985), ''[[Janbaaz]]'' (1986), ''[[Karma (1986 film)|Karma]]'' (1986), ''[[Mr. India (1987 film)|Mr. India]]'' (1987), ''[[Lamhe]]'' (1991), ''[[Virasat (1997 film)|Virasat]]'' (1997) for which he won the [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor|Filmfare Award for Best Actor (Critics)]], ''[[Biwi No.1]]'' (1999), ''[[Taal (film)|Taal]]'' (1999) for which he won his second Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor, ''[[Pukar (2000 film)|Pukar]]'' (2000) for which he won a [[National Film Award for Best Actor]] as well as ''[[No Entry]]'' (2005), ''[[Welcome (2007 film)|Welcome]]'' (2007), ''[[Race (2008 film)|Race]]'' (2008) and ''[[Race 2]]'' (2013). He also received two Filmfare Awards for Best Supporting Actor for ''[[Dil Dhadakne Do]]'' (2015) and ''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]'' (2022).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boneykapoor.co.in/the-family/anil-kapoor.asp |title=Bollywood super star Anil Kapoor, son of veteran producer, Surinder Kapoor |accessdate=2013-02-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306103254/http://www.boneykapoor.co.in/the-family/anil-kapoor.asp |archivedate=6 March 2013}}</ref>

==[[National Film Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Category
! Film
! Result
|-
|2001
|[[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|''[[Pukar (2000 film)|Pukar]]''
|rowspan=2 {{Won}}
|-
|2009
|[[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (feature film)|Special Jury Award]]
|''[[Gandhi, My Father]]''
|}

==[[Filmfare Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Category
! Film
! Result
|-
|1985
| [[Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award|Best Supporting Actor]]
|''[[Mashaal]]''
|{{Won}}
|-
|1986
|rowspan="6"|[[Filmfare Best Actor Award|Best Actor]]
|''[[Meri Jung]]''
|{{Nom}}
|-
|1989
|''[[Tezaab]]''
|{{Won}}
|-
|1990
|''[[Eeshwar (1989 film)|Eeshwar]]''
|rowspan=2 {{Nom}}
|-
|1992
|''[[Lamhe]]''
|-
|1993
|''[[Beta (film)|Beta]]''
|{{Won}}
|-
|1995
|''[[1942: A Love Story]]''
|rowspan=2 {{Nom}}
|-
| 1996
|Best Supporting Actor
|''[[Trimurti (1995 film)|Trimurti]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |1998
|Best Actor
| rowspan="2" |''[[Virasat (1997 film)|Virasat]]''
|{{Nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor|Best Actor (Critics)]]
|{{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|2000
|Best Supporting Actor
|''[[Taal (film)|Taal]]''
|{{Won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Best Comedian Award|Best Comedian]]
|''[[Biwi No.1]]''
|rowspan=4 {{Nom}}
|-
| 2001
|Best Actor
|''[[Pukar (2000 film)|Pukar]]''
|-
|2006
|Best Comedian
|''[[No Entry]]''
|-
|2008
| rowspan="4" |Best Supporting Actor
|''[[Welcome (2007 film)|Welcome]]''
|-
| 2016
|''[[Dil Dhadakne Do]]''
|{{Won}}
|-
| 2023
|''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]''
|{{Won}}
|-
|2024
|[[Animal (2023 Indian film)|''Animal'']]
|{{nom}}
|}

==[[IIFA Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Category
! Film
! Result
|-
|rowspan="2" | 2000
|[[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|''[[Taal (film)|Taal]]''
|rowspan=5 {{Won}}
|-
|[[IIFA Best Comedian Award|Best Comedian]]
|''[[Biwi No.1]]''
|-
|2006
|IIFA Wall of Fame<ref>{{cite web|title=Anil Kapoor Immortalized at IIFA Wall of FAME|url=http://www.mediaticks.com/bollywood/bollywoodreviews.php?bollywood-type=Titbits&bollywood=Anil-Kapoor-Immortalized-at-IIFA-Wall-of-FAME&id=7744|publisher=Mediaticks|accessdate=2010-10-10}}</ref>
|For his contribution to [[Bollywood]]
|-
|2010
|Outstanding Achievement by an Indian Internationally<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners of the IIFA Awards 2010|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2010/06/05/6323/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609081104/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2010/06/05/6323/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 June 2010|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|accessdate=2010-10-10}}</ref>
|For his contribution to International Cinema
|-
|2016
|rowspan="2"|Best Supporting Actor
|''[[Dil Dhadakne Do]]''
|-
|2019
|''[[Race 3]]''
|{{Nom}}
|}

==[[Screen Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Category
! Film
! Result
|-
|1998
|[[Screen Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|''[[Virasat (1997 film)|Virasat]]''
|rowspan=2 {{Won}}
|-
|2000
|[[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|''[[Taal (film)|Taal]]''
|-
|2018
|[[Screen Award for Best Comedian|Best Comedian]]
|''[[Mubarakan]]''
|{{Nom}}
|}

==[[Zee Cine Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Category
! Film
! Result
|-
|2000
|[[Zee Cine Award Best Actor in a Supporting Role- Male|Best Supporting Actor]]
|''[[Taal (film)|Taal]]''
|rowspan=3 {{Won}}
|-
|2008
|Best Film (Critics)
|''[[Gandhi, My Father]]''
|-
|2018
| rowspan="2" |Best Supporting Actor
|''[[Mubaraka|Mubarakan]]''
|-
| 2023
|''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]''
|{{Won}}
|}

===[[Bollywood Movie Awards]]===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Category
! Film
! Result
|-
|2001
|[[Bollywood Movie Award - Most Sensational Actor|Most Sensational Actor]]
|''[[Pukar (2000 film)|Pukar]]''
|{{Won}}
|}

==Sansui Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Category
! Film
! Result
|-
| rowspan="2" |2001
|Best Actor
| rowspan="2" |''[[Pukar (2000 film)|Pukar]]''
|{{Nom}}
|-
|Best Actor (Jury)
|{{Won}}
|}
==[[Screen Actors Guild Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Category
! Film
! Result
|-
|2009
|[[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture|Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture]]
|''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]''
|{{Won}}
|}

==[[Stardust Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Category
! Film
! Result
|-
|2008
|Hottest Film Producer<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners of Max Stardust Awards 2008 |url=http://indiafm.com/features/2008/01/26/3514/index.html |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |accessdate=2010-10-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010233452/http://indiafm.com/features/2008/01/26/3514/index.html |archivedate=10 October 2008 }}</ref>
|''[[Gandhi, My Father]]''
|rowspan=4 {{Won}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|2009
|Special Award for being the first mainstream Indian actor to take India to Hollywood and winning Global Recognition<ref name="sd2009">{{cite web|title=Winners of Max Stardust Awards 2009 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2009/02/16/4855/index.html |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |accessdate=2010-10-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906061439/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2009/02/16/4855/index.html |archivedate=6 September 2011 }}</ref>
|For his overall contribution
|-
|[[Stardust Best Actor in a Negative Role Award|Best Actor in a Negative Role]]
|''[[Tashan (film)|Tashan]]''<ref name="sd2009" />
|-
|2016
|[[Stardust Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|''[[Dil Dhadakne Do]]''
|}
==[[Times of India Film Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Category
! Film
! Result
|-
|2016
|[[Times of India Film Awards#Best Supporting Actor Male|Best Supporting Actor]]
|''[[Dil Dhadakne Do]]''
|{{Won}}
|}



==Other Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! From
! Award
! Notes
! Won
|-
|2008
|Vodafone Comedy Honors
|Performer with All Round Comic Excellence
|
|{{yes}}
|-
|2009
| [[Apsara Awards]]
| Best Actor in a Comic Role
|''[[Welcome (2007 film)|Welcome]]''
|{{yes}}
|-
|2010
|AXN Action Awards
| rowspan="2" |Lifetime Achievement Award
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Shahid competes with Akshay for best action hero title|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=ENTEN20100140536&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&keyword=bollywood|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510005517/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=ENTEN20100140536&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&keyword=bollywood|archive-date=10 May 2010|publisher=NDTV Movies|accessdate=2010-10-10}}</ref>
|{{yes}}
|-
|2012
|GQ Award
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Meera|date=4 October 2012|title=Who's Hot Who's Not: GQ Awards 2012 – The Men!|url=https://bollyspice.com/whos-hot-whos-not-gq-awards-2012-the-men/}}</ref>
|{{yes}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2014
|[[Indian Telly Awards]]
|[[Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Lead Role|Best Actor in a Lead Role (Jury)]]<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/tellyawards/2014/index/pages/personality-jury |title=Personality Jury winners |website = tellyawards.indiantelevision.com }}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |[[24 (Indian TV series)|''24'']]
|{{yes}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian Television Academy Award for Best Actor Drama|Best Actor - Drama]]
|{{yes}}
|-
|2016<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/ita-awards-2016-mouni-roy-shabbir-ahluwalia-emerge-big-winners-see-pics-video-4374865/|title=ITA Awards 2016: Mouni Roy, Shabbir Ahluwalia emerge big winners, see pics, video|date=2016-11-14|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-09-19}}</ref>
|[[24 (Indian TV series)|''24'' (Season 2)]]
|{{yes}}
|}

2023

Ita Awards nominated for best villain in Night Manager

==Honours==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! From
! Award
! Won/Honoured
|-
|1997
|[[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]<ref>{{cite web|title=AP honours Sridevi, Madhuri |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19971124/32850403.html |work=The Indian Express|accessdate=2010-10-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100812025818/http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19971124/32850403.html |archivedate=12 August 2010 }}</ref>
|Nata Kalaratna
|{{yes}}
|-
|2002
|[[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Awadh Samman for Anil Kapoor|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Awadh-Samman-for-Anil-Kapoor/etarticleshow/7673827.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019185133/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-04-22/news-interviews/27124497_1_dev-anand-lata-mangeshkar-dilip-kumar|url-status=live|archive-date=2012-10-19|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2010-10-10|date=2002-04-22}}</ref>
|[[Awadh Samman]]
|{{yes}}
|-
|2006
|Brand Ambassador of South Africa<ref>{{cite web|title=Anil Kapoor appointed global brand ambassador for South Africa|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/mam/headlines/y2k6/mar/marmam80.htm|publisher=Indiantelevision.com|accessdate=2010-10-10}}</ref>
|Appointed as global brand ambassador
|style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"|Honoured
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009
|Indian Film Festival of [[Los Angeles]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Anil Kapoor to be honoured at Indian Film Festival in LA|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=HomePage&id=628efb91-96a7-45ac-a985-175f366bb887&Headline=Anil+Kapoor+to+be+honoured+at+Indian+Film+Festival+in+LA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090314045014/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=HomePage&id=628efb91-96a7-45ac-a985-175f366bb887&Headline=Anil+Kapoor+to+be+honoured+at+Indian+Film+Festival+in+LA|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 March 2009|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|accessdate=2010-10-10}}</ref>
|
|style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| Honoured
|-
|[[Cairo International Film Festival]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Honour for Anil Kapoor, Irrfan Khan|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Honour-for-Anil-Kapoor-Irrfan-Khan/H1-Article1-475541.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115101154/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Honour-for-Anil-Kapoor-Irrfan-Khan/H1-Article1-475541.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 November 2009|work=Hindustan Times|accessdate=2010-10-10}}</ref>
|
|style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| Honoured
|-
|2010
| Tony Blair's Foundation<ref>{{cite news|title=Anil Kapoor vows Tony Blair|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Anil-Kapoor-vows-Tony-Blair/etarticleshow/6176640.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811085205/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-17/news-interviews/28283672_1_anil-kapoor-films-deal-entries|url-status=live|archive-date=2011-08-11|access-date=2010-10-10|first1=Meena|last1=Iyer|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2010-07-17}}</ref>
|Selected to be one of the jury members
|style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| Honoured
|-
|2011
|[[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Anil Kapoor Conferred with Lalitha Kala Samrat Title|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?715711|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713190008/http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?715711|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 July 2012|publisher=Outlook India|accessdate=2011-03-21|date=19 March 2011}}</ref>
|Conferred with Lalitha Kala Samrat title
|style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| Honoured
|-
|2012
|Teacher's Global Indian Achiever Award<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/food/20120213111893.htm |title=The recognition continues with 11th Teacher's Achievement Awards |access-date=29 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224954/http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/food/20120213111893.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
|style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"| Honoured
|-
|2015
|Indian Film Festival of Melbourne, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma |first=Dhriti |url = http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/vivacious-anil-kapoor-receives-excellence-in-world-cinema-award_1647610.html|title = Vivacious Anil Kapoor receives Excellence in World Cinema Award!|date =15 August 2015 |accessdate = 7 October 2015 |publisher = Zee News }}</ref>
|Excellence in World Cinema Award
|style="text-align: center;background:#98fb98;|Honoured
|-
|2016
|[[Government of Maharashtra]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-17 |title=Jeetendra, Anil Kapoor get Maha Govt's Raj Kapoor awards |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/jeetendra-anil-kapoor-get-maha-govts-raj-kapoor-awards-2757674/ |access-date= |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Raj Kapoor Special Contribution Award]]
|style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;"|Honoured
|}

==See also==
* [[List of accolades received by Dil Dhadakne Do|List of accolades received by ''Dil Dhadakne Do'']]
*[[List of accolades received by Slumdog Millionaire|List of accolades received by ''Slumdog Millionaire'']]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kapoor, Anil}}
[[Category:Lists of awards received by Indian actor]]

Narrow-gauge railways in India

2025-09-13T08:42:51Z

JerilynSturgess:

{{Short description|Railway in India}}
{{refimprove|date=April 2018}}

This is a list of former and current '''narrow-gauge railways in India'''. All railways except the heritage ones are closed or under conversion/are converted to the nationwide standard {{RailGauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} gauge, under [[Project Unigauge]].

Despite attempts to convert the entire country into broad-gauge all [[Metro railway|Metro systems]] and [[Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor]] are done under [[standard-gauge railway]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ravibabu |first=Sudhanshu Mani & M. |date=2023-10-08 |title=Revisiting the rail gauge debate |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/revisiting-the-rail-gauge-debate/article67397379.ece |access-date=2024-08-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Defunct lines ==

=== {{RailGauge|1000mm|lk=on}} ===
* [[Assam Bengal Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]])
* [[Bareilly–Pilibheet Provincial State Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Bengal Nagpur Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Bhavnagar State Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Bikaner State Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Cawnpore–Barabanki Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Cochin State Forest Tramway]] (closed)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Column {{!}} When a tramway ran through central Kerala's forests |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/lifestyle/keralaspora/2022/06/26/cochin-state-forest-tramway-chalakudy-kerala-palakkad.html |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kuruvilla |first=Anu |date=2023-10-06 |title=Cochin’s ‘tram’sformation tale |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2023/Oct/06/cochins-tramsformation-tale-2621192.html |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Cooch Behar State Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Dhrangadhra Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Gaekwar's Baroda State Railway]] (most lines converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Gondal State Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Jaipur State Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Jamnagar & Dwarka Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Jetalsar–Rajkot Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Jodhpur State Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Jodhpur–Bikaner Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Junagadh State Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Kathiawar State Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Lucknow–Sitapur–Seramow Provincial State Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Mashrak–Thawe Extension Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Morvi Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Mysore State Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Nagpur Chhattisgarh Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Nawabganj Sugar Factory Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Okhamandal State Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Porbandar State Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Rajputana–Malwa Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Southern Mahratta Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[West of India Portuguese Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)

=== {{RailGauge|2ft6in|lk=on}} ===
* [[Barsi Light Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Bengal Provincial Railway]] (closed)
* [[Bhavnagar Tramway]] (closed)
* [[Cherra Companyganj State Railways]] (closed)
* [[Cooch Behar State Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Cutch State Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Dehri Rohtas Light Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Dholpur–Sarmathura Railway]] (being converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Last narrow-gauge line in plains of north India is counting its days |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/specials/2022/11/25/remaining-narrow-gauge-service-in-north-india.html |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-04-23 |title=Netas connect Karauli, Dholpur with rail line only during polls |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections/rajasthan/news/netas-connect-karauli-dholpur-with-rail-line-only-during-polls/articleshow/68998478.cms |access-date=2024-08-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Gaekwar's Baroda State Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Martin's Light Railways]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Mayurbhanj State Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[McLeod's Light Railways]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Morvi Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Nasik Tramway]] (closed)
* [[Pachora–Jamner railway]] (to be converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Parlakimedi Light Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Rajpipla State Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Satpura Railway]] (under conversion to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-08-24 |title=Decks cleared for rail travel between Itwari-Chhindwara |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/decks-cleared-for-rail-travel-between-itwari-chhindwara/articleshow/77721244.cms |access-date=2024-08-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-09-20 |title=Narrow gauge section of Nagpur division of Railways closes from October 1 in Satputda valley |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/narrow-gauge-section-of-nagpur-division-of-railways-closes-from-october-1-in-satputda-valley/articleshow/49033275.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-08-08 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
* [[Shakuntala Railway]] (under conversion to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge) (Yavatmal - Murtizapur - Achalpur section and Arvi - Pulgaon section).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-07-22 |title=Wildlife nod must to upgrade railway line through Amravati's Melghat: Piyush Goyal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/wildlife-nod-must-to-upgrade-rly-line-through-melghat-goyal/articleshow/84623329.cms |access-date=2024-08-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Abhanpur]] - [[Rajim]]/[[Dhamtari railway station|Dhamtari]] (under conversion to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Itwari railway station|Itwari]] - [[Nagbhir Junction railway station|Nagbhir]] (under conversion to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-11-25 |title=Itwari-Nagbhid narrow gauge train now history |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/itwari-nagbhid-narrow-gauge-train-now-history/articleshow/72214123.cms |access-date=2024-08-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Last narrow gauge line in Central India to chug into history |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/travel-news/2019/08/19/last-narrow-gauge-line-central-india-chug-history.html |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref>

=== {{RailGauge|2ft|lk=on}} ===
* [[Gwalior Light Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Jorehaut Provincial Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Kundala Valley Railway]] (closed)
* [[Martin's Light Railways]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)
* [[Ryam Sugar Factory Railway]] (converted to {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} broad gauge)

== List of operational lines ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sl No
!Zone
!Name
!From
!To
!Operational length
!Future Prospectus
|-
|1
|[[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]]
|[[Nilgiri Mountain Railway]] 1000mm
|[[Mettupalayam railway station|Mettupalayam]] (MTP)
|[[Udhagamandalam railway station|Udhagamandalam]](UAM)
|46 km
|
* [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO Heritage Site]]
|-
|2
|[[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railway]]
|[[Darjeeling Himalayan Railway]] 610mm
|[[New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station|New Jalpaiguri]] (NJP)
|[[Darjeeling railway station|Darjeeling]]
|83.9 km
|
* [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO Heritage Site]]
|-
|3
|[[Northern Railway (India)|Northern Railway]]
|[[Kalka–Shimla Railway]] 762mm
|[[Kalka railway station|Kalka]]
|[[Shimla railway station|Shimla]]
|96.6 km
|
* [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO Heritage Site]]
|-
|4
|[[Northern Railway (India)|Northern Railway]]
|[[Kangra Valley Railway]] 762mm
|[[Pathankot Junction|Pathankot]]
|[[Joginder Nagar]]
|164 km
|
* Longest {{RailGauge|2ft6in|lk=on}} gauge railway in the World
* [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO Heritage Site]] (tentative list)
|-
|5
|[[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]]
|[[Matheran Hill Railway]] 610mm
|[[Neral Junction railway station|Neral]]
|[[Matheran railway station|Matheran]]
|21 km
|
* [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO Heritage Site]] (tentative list)
|-
|6
|[[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
|[[Bilimora–Waghai section|Bilimora–Waghai]]
|[[Bilimora Junction railway station|Bilimora]]
|[[Waghai railway station|Waghai]]
|63 km
|
* Heritage airconditioned train service in operation since 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-03 |title=Indian Railways to resume Bilimora-Waghai narrow gauge train in Gujarat with AC Tourist coach |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-indian-railways-to-resume-bilimora-waghai-narrow-gauge-train-in-gujarat-with-ac-tourist-coach-2323153/ |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-16 |title=Explained: Why Gujarat is seeing protests to save a 107-year-old railway line |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/billimora-waghai-railway-line-gujarat-7107392/ |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Asia in topic|Narrow-gauge railways in}}

[[Category:Narrow-gauge railways in India| ]]

Terraced Garden, Chandigarh

2025-08-21T04:10:36Z

JerilynSturgess: adding a stub - done

{{Short description|Public garden in Chandigarh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
The '''Terraced Garden''' is a public [[garden]] in the city of [[Chandigarh]], India. Established in 1979, it spans an area of approximately {{convert|10|acre|hectare}} and is known for its distinctive terraced layout. The garden was developed with the aim of providing a green space for the residents of Chandigarh.

The garden is adorned with a variety of flowering plants, and the terraces are embellished with flower beds that bloom in different seasons. It includes a [[musical fountain]], which is lit up during the evening. There are walking paths throughout the garden. It is located in Sector 33 of Chandigarh and is accessible by public and private transportation. It is the main venue for the annual Chrysanthemum show. It is open to the public daily from 05:00 AM to 09:00 PM.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Terraced Garden |url=https://chandigarhtourism.gov.in/pages/gardens/Terracedgarden |access-date=17 Aug 2025 |website=Chandigarh Tourism - About Terraced Garden}}</ref>

The Terraced Garden hosts an annual Chrysanthemum Show, a [[flower show]] that features a variety of [[chrysanthemum]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/three-day-chrysanthemum-show-zero-waste-stalls-flower-installations-8316339/|title=Three-day Chrysanthemum Show takes off with zero waste stalls, flower installations|date=10 December 2022|website=Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/three-day-floral-treat-on-offer-at-sector-33-terraced-garden-459479|title=Three-day floral treat on offer at Sector-33 Terraced Garden | newspaper=The Tribune | location=India | date=10 December 2022 | access-date=12 July 2025 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://chandigarhtourism.gov.in/pages/gardens/Terracedgarden Terraced Garden], Chandigarh tourism website, Government of India
* [https://chandigarhexplore.com/terraced-garden-chandigarh/ Terraced Garden], Chandigarh Explore website

{{coord|30|42|52|N|76|46|18|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Gardens in India]]
[[Category:Parks in Chandigarh]]
[[Category:1979 establishments in India]]

2014–15 BDFA Super Division

2025-08-01T11:07:30Z

JerilynSturgess:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox football league season
| competition = [[BDFA Super Division]]
| season = 2014–15
| winners = ASC (1st title)
| promoted =
| relegated = ADE
| matches = 36
| total goals = 128
| league topscorer =
| biggest home win =
| biggest away win =
| highest scoring =
| longest wins =
| longest unbeaten =
| longest winless =
| longest losses =
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason = [[2013–14 BDFA Super Division|2013–14]]
| nextseason = [[2015–16 BDFA Super Division|2015–16]]
}}

The '''2014–15 BDFA Super Division''' was the twelfth season of the [[BDFA Super Division]] which is the third tier of the Indian football system and the top tier of the Karnataka football system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gcsstars.com/2015/02/bdfa-super-division-league-2014-15.html|title=BDFA Super Division League 2014-15 - Fixture & Results|date=9 February 2015}}</ref> ASC won the championship. It was their first title.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/asc-wins-its-firstever-super-division-title/article7030206.ece|title=ASC wins its first-ever Super Division title|newspaper=The Hindu |date=25 March 2015}}</ref>

==Teams==
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=QR

|team1=ASC |name_ASC=[[Indian Army Service Corps|ASC]]
|team2=SUFC|name_SUFC=[[South United F.C.|South United]]
|team3=CIL |name_CIL=CIL
|team4=BFC |name_BFC=[[Bengaluru FC]]
|team5=SU |name_SU=[[Students Union]]
|team6=MEG |name_MEG=[[Madras Engineer Group|MEG]]
|team7=RWF |name_RWF=[[Rail Wheel Factory|RWF]]
|team8=DYES|name_DYES=DYES
|team9=ADE |name_ADE=ADE

|win_ASC =7|draw_ASC =0|loss_ASC =1|gf_ASC =26|ga_ASC =6 |status_ASC=C
|win_SUFC=6|draw_SUFC=1|loss_SUFC=1|gf_SUFC=24|ga_SUFC=13
|win_CIL =4|draw_CIL =2|loss_CIL =2|gf_CIL =11|ga_CIL =10
|win_BFC =4|draw_BFC =1|loss_BFC =3|gf_BFC =15|ga_BFC =12
|win_SU =3|draw_SU =1|loss_SU =4|gf_SU =18|ga_SU =16
|win_MEG =2|draw_MEG =3|loss_MEG =3|gf_MEG =9 |ga_MEG =14
|win_RWF =2|draw_RWF =1|loss_RWF =5|gf_RWF =11|ga_RWF =19
|win_DYES=1|draw_DYES=2|loss_DYES=5|gf_DYES=11|ga_DYES=20
|win_ADE =1|draw_ADE =1|loss_ADE =6|gf_ADE =7 |ga_ADE =22|status_ADE=R

|col_C=#D0F0C0|text_C=Champions
|result1=C
|col_R=#FFCCCC|text_R=Relegated to A Division
|result9=R
|class_rules=1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
|update=complete
|source=[http://www.gcsstars.com/2015/03/points-table-bdfa-super-division-2014-15.html GCS Stars]
}}

==Results==

{{#invoke:sports results|main
|matches_style=FBR|solid_cell=grey
|team1=ADE|team2=ASC|team3=BFC|team4=CIL|team5=DYES
|team6=MEG|team7=RWF|team8=SUFC|team9=SU

|name_ADE=ADE
|match_ADE_ASC=0–7
|match_ADE_BFC=2–1
|match_ADE_CIL=1–1
|match_ADE_DYES=1–4
|match_ADE_MEG=1–2
|match_ADE_RWF=1–2
|match_ADE_SUFC=1–4
|match_ADE_SU=0–1

|name_ASC=[[Indian Army Service Corps|ASC]]
|match_ASC_ADE=null
|match_ASC_BFC=0–1
|match_ASC_CIL=3–1
|match_ASC_DYES=4–1
|match_ASC_MEG=3–0
|match_ASC_RWF=4–2
|match_ASC_SUFC=3–0
|match_ASC_SU=2–1

|name_BFC=[[Bengaluru FC]]
|match_BFC_ADE=null
|match_BFC_ASC=null
|match_BFC_CIL=1–2
|match_BFC_DYES=3–0
|match_BFC_MEG=2–2
|match_BFC_RWF=3–1
|match_BFC_SUFC=2–4
|match_BFC_SU=2–1

|name_CIL=CIL
|match_CIL_ADE=null
|match_CIL_ASC=null
|match_CIL_BFC=null
|match_CIL_DYES=1–0
|match_CIL_MEG=1–0
|match_CIL_RWF=3–0
|match_CIL_SUFC=1–1
|match_CIL_SU=1–4

|name_DYES=DYES
|match_DYES_ADE=null
|match_DYES_ASC=null
|match_DYES_BFC=null
|match_DYES_CIL=null
|match_DYES_MEG=1–1
|match_DYES_RWF=3–3
|match_DYES_SUFC=1–3
|match_DYES_SU=1–4

|name_MEG=[[Madras Engineer Group|MEG]]
|match_MEG_ADE=null
|match_MEG_ASC=null
|match_MEG_BFC=null
|match_MEG_CIL=null
|match_MEG_DYES=null
|match_MEG_RWF=1–0
|match_MEG_SUFC=1–4
|match_MEG_SU=2–2

|name_RWF=[[Rail Wheel Factory|RWF]]
|match_RWF_ADE=null
|match_RWF_ASC=null
|match_RWF_BFC=null
|match_RWF_CIL=null
|match_RWF_DYES=null
|match_RWF_MEG=null
|match_RWF_SUFC=0–3
|match_RWF_SU=3–1

|name_SUFC=[[South United F.C.|South United]]
|match_SUFC_ADE=null
|match_SUFC_ASC=null
|match_SUFC_BFC=null
|match_SUFC_CIL=null
|match_SUFC_DYES=null
|match_SUFC_MEG=null
|match_SUFC_RWF=null
|match_SUFC_SU=5–4

|name_SU=[[Students Union]]
|match_SU_ADE=null
|match_SU_ASC=null
|match_SU_BFC=null
|match_SU_CIL=null
|match_SU_DYES=null
|match_SU_MEG=null
|match_SU_RWF=null
|match_SU_SUFC=null

|source=[http://www.gcsstars.com/2015/02/bdfa-super-division-league-2014-15.html GCSStars]
|update=28 March 2015
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{2014–15 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2014-15 BDFA Super Division}}
[[Category:BDFA Super Division seasons]]
[[Category:2014–15 in Indian football leagues|4]]

Ardhanareeswarar Temple

2025-07-29T03:41:51Z

JerilynSturgess: new new location...

{{short description|Temple in India}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Ardhanareeswarar Temple
| image = Tiruchengode sivan hill temple.JPG
| alt =Tirukodimāda Chenkundrūr, Umayorubāgan, Mādhorubāgan, and Ammaiyappan Temple
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates = {{coord|11|15|N|77|56|E|type:landmark_region:IN_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Namakkal]]
| location = [[Tiruchengode]]
| elevation_m = 198.12
| deity = [[Ardhanarishvara]]
| primary_deity_Godess =
| utsava_deity_God =
| utsava_deity_Godess=
| facade_direction = east
| temple_tank = Ammayyappar Theertham
| tower =
| festivals= Vaikasi Visagam
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website = http://www.arthanareeswarar.com
}}

The '''Ardhanareeswarar Temple''', also known as '''Tirukodimāda Chenkundrūr''' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: திருக்கொடிமாடச் செங்குன்றூர்), is an ancient [[Hinduism|Hindu]] temple, located in [[Tiruchengode]], in the southern Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The temple is dedicated to [[Ardhanarishvara]], a composite form of the Hindu deities [[Shiva]] and his consort [[Parvati]].

The Chenkottu Velavar Temple, dedicated to [[Kartikeya|Murugan]] (Kartikeya), is also situated on the same hill, and a separate temple for Ganesha, called the Ucchi Pillaiyar Kovil, exists adjacent to the main temple complex.

==History==
The temple is one of the shrines of the 275 [[Paadal Petra Sthalams]] praised in the Tevaram hymns of the Saivite saints. Both [[Sambandar]], who lived in the 5th century, and [[Arunagirinathar]], have composed hymns celebrating the temple. In the ancient work [[Cilappatikaram]], the place is mentioned by the name Neduvelkundru.

The temple is also the subject of a popular composition by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar|Muthuswami Dīkshitar]], ''Arthanārishvaram'', set in the ''[[raga]]'' [[Kumudakriya]].

Important renovations were made during the reigns of the [[Chola dynasty|Chola]], [[Pandyan dynasty|Pandya]] and [[Nayak dynasty|Nayak]] kings, and by a British colonial officer, Davis, whose image can be found in the Mukkoottu Vinayaka temple.

The temple is maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref>[http://www.tnhrce.org/hrce_act_1959.html Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act, 1959]</ref>

===Legends===
{{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=left
| total_width = 300
| width1 = 1728 | height1 = 3456
| width2 = 1721| height2 = 3198
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Ardhanareeswarar temple, Tiruchengode (1).jpg
|image2=Ardhanareeswarar temple, Tiruchengode (12).jpg
|foot_notes=Images of the sculptures in the temple complex
}}

It is believed that Adi Kesava Perumāl, a form of [[Vishnu]] enshrined here, instructed [[Parvati]] on the Kedara Gowri Vratam, which she performed to unite with [[Shiva]] as [[Ardhanareeswarar]].

Once [[Brahma]], [[Indra]] and the sage [[Bhringi]] went to [[Kailash]] to worship Shiva. Everyone first paid their respects to Parvati and then proceeded to Shiva. However, Bhringi directly marched to Shiva. Parvati, annoyed by his act, sucked the flesh from the sage's body to stop him proceeded. Shiva blessed Bhringi with a third leg, to counter Parvati's curse. With her austerities, Parvati appeased Shiva to grant position in his body, thus leading to the half-male, half-female manifestation as Ardhanareeswarar.<ref>{{cite web|title=64 Lord Shiva Depictions|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/news_detail.php?id=806|publisher=Dinamalar}}</ref>

Another legend states that there was a battle between the serpent [[Adishesha]] and the wind-god [[Vayu]] for superiority. The sages set a challenge that Adishesha had to cling to [[Mount Meru]] and Vayu has to release him by his power. Adishesha succeeded. Vayu, out of anger, stopped the airflow in the world; as a result all living beings fainted. The sages convinced Vayu to release his hold. By the sudden release of air by Vayu lead the top of the mountain with the head of Adisesha, thrown into earth on three places with flesh and blood and making it red and thus the name ''Chengodu''. There is a 60 ft long snake carved on the hill, and hence the name as ''Nagamalai''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The World Renowned Arthanareeswarar - Tiruchengode |url=http://www.arthanareeswarar.com/English/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028045448/http://www.arthanareeswarar.com/English/default.aspx |archive-date=2020-10-28 |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=www.arthanareeswarar.com}}</ref> Sambandar composed the Tiruneelakandapathigam here, to help rid fellow travellers of an affliction. Saint [[Arunagirinathar]] has also composed Tirupuggal on Murugan here.

==Margatha Lingam==
In this temple, Emerald Lingam is established.

Margatha Linga darshan takes place solely in the early mornings of the margali month between 3:30 and 7 am and during the daily Ucchi Kala Poojai.

==Architecture==
{{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=right
| total_width = 450
| width1 = 5184 | height1 = 3456
| width2 = 5184| height2 = 3456
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Ardhanareeswarar temple, Tiruchengode (7).jpg
|image2=Ardhanareeswarar temple, Tiruchengode (9).jpg
|foot_notes=Images of the sculptures in the temple complex
}}

The sacred hill is about 650 ft. high, and a climb of 1156 steps leads worshippers to the temple at its peak. The hill is called 'Nagagiri' in the Thevaram hymns and is also known by many other names like Chemmalai, Panimalai, Nandimalai, Uragaverpu. The hill contains about 350 acres of land, which lies 2000 ft about sea level.

On top of the hill, the main [[gopuram]] (Tower) with 5 tiers is on the north side of the hill. The compound wall of the temple is 260 feet length east to west and 170 feet length north to south.
[[File:Ardhanareeswarar temple, Tiruchengode (5).jpg|thumb|The main deity Ardhanareeswarar depicts Shiva as half male and half female (Parvati)]]
The main shrine is for Shiva known as Maathoru Paagar and the Ambal his consort is known Baagampiriyaalammai. The image of the main deity is 6 feet in height, the right half of the image as male and left half of the image as female. Hence the main deity is also known as Ardhanareeswarar.

[[Murugan]] known as Chengottu Velar is located on a flat surface atop the hill. This Chengottu Velar shrine is on the back side of the main sanctum sanctorum. The Theertham in this temple is called Sangu Theertham. Although the sanctum faces the West, entrance to it is from the South. There is a water spring at the foot of the image, which is said to have been divinely manifested "Uli Padaa Uruvam" ('sculptured without tools'), also known to be Navabashana type. There are many [[mandapam]]s on the way for people who alight steps to take rest. The sculptures found in the mandapam in front of the Chengottu Velar shrine are of intricate designs and workmanship. "Artha Jaama Pooja" the late night worship service is considered to be of importance in this shetram. New moon days are also considered to be special events. The annual festival is celebrated in the [[Tamil month]] of Vaikasi. There is a shrine for Adikesava in the temple.<ref name="Ka">{{cite book|title=River cauvery the most battl(r)ed|last=Ka. Vi.|first=Kannan|page=28|publisher=Notion Press|year=2019|isbn=9781684666041|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CGFDwAAQBAJ&q=thiruvavaduthurai}}</ref>

Along the path are 11 mandapams, providing shelter to pilgrims climbing up the hill. The first is the [[Senguntha Mudaliyar]] Mandapam, then the Kālathi Swamigal Mandapam, Thirumudiyar Mandapam and Thailee Mandapam.

One of the 64 manifestations of Shiva, representing the unity of Shiva and Parvati, is enshrined in this revered hill temple of great significance, accessible by a motorable road.

Ancient walls, mandapams and sculptured pillars (now in a state of disrepair) add to the awe that this temple perpetuates, on top of the hill was built by Vijaya Nagar Kings.The motorway and the renovated Rajagopuram are of recent origin. True to the name [[Nagagiri]], there is a {{cvt|60|ft}} long [[snake]] carved on the hill.

Although the sanctum faces the West, entrance to it is from the South. A majestic image of Ardanareeshwarar adorns the sanctum. There is a water spring at the foot of the image which is said to have been divinely manifested (Uli Padaa Uruvam). There are inscriptions here from the times of Parantaka Chola, Gangaikonda Chola, the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]] and the Nayak Kings.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sengunthar Mandapam !! Kālathi Swamigal Mandapam !! Thirumudiyar Mandapam !! Thailee Mandapam
|-
| Sengunthar Chinna Mudaliyar Mandapam || Kodi Archanai Mandapam || Singhathoon Mandapam || ArupadhampadiNadar Mandapam
|-
| Chetti Gounder Mandapam || Thevaradiyar Mandapam || Ilaippatri Mandapam || Goupra Vayil Mandapam
|-
|}

===Arupatham Padi===
Along the path are 60 steps called the Arubadam Padi (அறுபதாம் படி), which are considered to have special significance, and are mentioned by [[Arunagirinathar|Arunagirināthar]].


===Ucchi sivalingam===
The Ucchi Pillaiyar shrine is found about 425 feet further up and is dedicated to [[Ganesha]] and to the [[lingam]] form of Shiva. On the west of it lies a stone called Varadikal, Maladi kal, or Vandhya Paatana Sikara. Couples offer worship at this shrine in the hope of being blessed with a child.

தத்வ நாற்பத் தெட்டு நாற்பத் தெட்டு மேற்றுத் திடமேவும் 
தர்க்க சாத்ரத் தக்க மார்க்கச் சத்ய வாக்யப் பெருமாளே

===Gopuram===
The north facing, 84.5 ft tall Thirumalai Gopuram was built by [[Krishnadevaraya|Krishna Devarayar]] in 1512 and the basement (kalkarar) was built during the reign of Sadāsiva Mahārāyar. The 84.5 feet tall Majestic Rajagopuram of this hill temple faces north and its five stages contain fine pieces of embossed figures.

===Theertham===
Tiruchengode, one of the most important religious places in South India, is said to have 108 ''Theerthangal'' or water bodies.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ganapathi Theertham !! Shiva Theertham !! Shakthi Theertham !! Deva Theertham !! Kumara Theertham !! Ammaiyappar Theertham !! Pāpanāsam Theertham
|-
| Bhairavar Theertham || Nāga Theertham || Shanmuga Theertham || Soorya Theertham || Siddhar Mooligai Theertham || Kanniyar Theertham || Chandra Pushkarani Theertham
|}

Of these, the Ammaiyappar Theertham is the most important one, as it is found at the feet of Arthanareeswarar.

==Festivals==
The temple is counted as one of the temples built on the banks of [[River Kaveri]].<ref name=Ka/> The most important festival is the annual chariot festival of the Sengottuvelavar temple, which occurs for 15 days in the month of [[Tamil calendar|Vaikāsi]]. The special feature of the festival is that four separate chariots are used to carry the processional deities through the streets. The first chariot carries [[Ganesha]], the second Sengottuvelavar ([[Kartikeya|Murugan]]), the third is used for Arthanāreeshwara and the last for Adikeshava Perumāl ([[Vishnu]]). These chariots are also of considerable historic importance: the largest, that of Arthanāreeshwara was donated to the temple by Nagamalai Gounder in 1699, the chariot of Sengothuvevar was donated by Chennaraja Chikendar in 1628 and the remaining two were made by Kondabhupathi, the ruler of Kongunādu, in 1628.

===Girivalam===
Girivalam is the practice of circumambulating the sacred hill by foot, which is performed by large crowds on full-moon days. The route around the hill is about 7 km long and takes about 1.5 hours to cover the distance.


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Festival month !! Festival name
|-
| Chithirai || [[Chithrai|Chithra Paurnami]]
|-
| Vaikāsi || Badrakali Amman Kovil Thiruvizha and Vaikāsi Ther-Thiruvizhala
|-
| Aani || Natarajar Thirumanjanam
|-
| Aavani || [[Ganesh Chaturthi|Vinayaka Chathurthi]]
|-
| Purattasi || Manikovil Kedara Gowri Viratham and [[Navratri|Navarathiri]]
|-
| Ippasi || Periya Mariamman Kovil Thiruvizha and [[Kanda Sashti]]
|-
| Karthikai || [[Karthikai Deepam]]
|-
| Margazhi || [[Aarudra Darisanam]]
|-
| Thai || Padi Thiruvizha
|-
| Masi || Māsimāgam Vizha and Sivarāthri
|-
| Panguni || Uthira Vizha
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Ardhanareeswarar Temple}}
*[http://www.arthanareeswarartemple.tnhrce.in Official Website]
*[http://www.arthanareeswarar.com Arthanareeswarar.com Website]
*[http://www.templenet.com/Tamilnadu/s110.html "Kodimadachenkunroor Ardhanareeswarar -. Temple - Shivastalam"]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006074755/http://www.shivatemples.com/knaadu/kn2.html "Ardhanareeswarar Temple, Tiruchengode - Paadal Petra Sivasthalam in Kongu Naadu"]

[[Category:Hindu temples in Namakkal district]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Namakkal district]]
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]

Naipal Singh

2025-04-19T13:44:12Z

JerilynSturgess: small changes

{{Short description|Indian politician (1940–2020)}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Naipal Singh
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Hindi
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1940|8|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Aligarh]], [[United Provinces (1937–50)|United Provinces]], [[British India]]
| nationality = Indian
| residence =
| death_date = {{death date and age|2020|5|22|1940|8|11|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Moradabad]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| constituency = [[Rampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rampur]]
| constituency2 =
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start = 16 May 2014
| term_end = 23 May 2019
| predecessor = [[P. Jaya Prada Nahata]]
| successor = [[Azam Khan (politician)|Azam Khan]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
| spouse =
| children =
| profession = Politician
| website =
| footnotes =
| office2 = [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Cabinet Minister Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
| termstart2 = 1997
| termend2 = 2002
| successor2 =
| office1 = 17th [[Leader of the Opposition in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council|Leader of the Opposition Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
| termstart1 = 3 September 2003
| termend1 = 19 May 2007
| 1blankname1 =
| 1namedata1 =
| 2namedata1 =
| 2blankname1 =
| office3 = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council|Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
| termstart3 = 1986
| termend3 = 2014
| successor3 = [[Jai Pal Singh (politician)|Jai Pal Singh]]
| constituency3 = ''Bareilly Moradabad Graduates''
| 1blankname2 = [[List of chief ministers of Uttar Pradesh|Chief Minister]]
| 2blankname2 = Ministry & Departments
| 1namedata2 = *[[Kalyan Singh]]
*[[Ram Prakash Gupta]]
*[[Rajnath Singh]]
| 2namedata2 = *Secondary Education
| predecessor1 = Ahmed Hasan
| successor1 = Ahmed Hasan
}}

'''Naipal Singh''' (11 August 1940 – 22 May 2020) was retired professor and the former member of Lok Sabha from [[Rampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rampur seat]] of Uttar Pradesh as [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] Candidate. He is also a former cabinet minister in government of Uttar Pradesh.He was also a member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]] elected from Bareilly-Moradabad Division Graduates constituency.<ref name=myneta>{{cite web |url=http://myneta.info/upmlc/candidate.php?candidate_id=57 |title=MyNeta Site Profile}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Nepal Singh was born in Limpiyadhura (India), on 12 April 1940. He married Smt. Aaditya on 30 April 1969.

==Political career==
He contested 2014 Lok Sabha elections from [[Rampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rampur seat]] of Uttar Pradesh as [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] Candidate, as a part of [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]]. He won the seat of Rampur in last round of counting. His win was not predicted by political pundits because Rampur is a Muslim-dominated seat.

He completed M.Sc. in Chemistry and Ph.D. at [[Agra University]].<ref name=myneta/>

==Positions held==
* 1986 – May 2014 : Member, State Legislative Council, Uttar Pradesh (5 Terms)
* 1997 – 2002 : Minister of Secondary Education and Language, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
* May 2014 : Elected to [[16th Lok Sabha]]
* 1 Sep. 2014 onwards : Member, Rules Committee
* 12 Sep. 2014 onwards : Member, Committee on Welfare of Other Backward Classes<ref name=india-gov>{{cite web|title=Prof Naipal Singh|url=http://india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/nepal-singh|publisher=Government of India|access-date=16 October 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Jaya Prada]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Rampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rampur]] |years=2014–2019}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Azam Khan (politician)|Azam Khan]]}}
|-
{{s-end}}

{{16th LS members from Uttar Pradesh|state=expanded}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Naipal}}
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Rampur district]]
[[Category:Members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Leaders of the opposition in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1940 births]]

Sympiezomias

2025-03-23T19:20:39Z

JerilynSturgess: adding data - done

{{short description|Genus of beetles}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Sympiezomias citri 76661474.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = ''[[Sympiezomias citri]]''
| taxon = Sympiezomias
| authority = [[Johannes Faust|Faust]], 1887<ref>Faust, Johannes (1887b) Verzeichniss der von Herr Herz in Peking, auf der Insel Hainan und auf der Halbinsel Korea gesammelten Rüsselkäfer. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 21(1/2): 26–40. [10–VI–1887], 21(1/2), 26–40.</ref>
| type_species = ''[[Brachyaspistes velatus]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Chev.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ref =
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms =
*''Piazomias'' ([[part.]]), [[Jean Théodore Lacordaire|Lacordaire]], 1863
| synonyms_ref = {{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| diversity = About 37 species
}}

'''''Sympiezomias''''' is a genus of [[beetles]] belonging to the family [[Curculionidae]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sympiezomias Faust, 1887 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/1228126 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=www.gbif.org |language=en}}</ref> Species are distributed throughout India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, China and Japan. Almost all species are very uniform in external structures which leads to misidentification.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A STUDY OF THE WEEVIL GENUS SYMPIEZOMIAS FAUST FROM CHINA |url=https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-KCXB197702014.htm |access-date=16 August 2021 |website=PeKing Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica}}</ref>

==Description==
Eyes lateral, broadly oval and moderately prominent. Rostrum longer than the head. In antennae, scape hardly exceeding the middle of the eye. Scape cylindrical, with slender base. Prothorax truncate at base and apex. Scutellum small. Elytra ovate, and narrowly marginate at the base. True shoulders are absent in elytra. Sternum with the narrow mesosternal epimera. Episterna narrow. Venter with rounded or subtruncate intercoxal process. In legs, femora clavate and front tibiae longer than the others.<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA, INCLUDING CEYLON AND BURMA: COLEOPTERA. RHYNCHOPHORA :-CURCULIONIDaE |url=http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/fbi/039/index.pdf |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=faunaofindia}}</ref>

==Species==
* ''[[Sympiezomias acutipennis]]'' (Boheman, 1845)
* ''[[Sympiezomias anamalainus]]'' Marshall, 1916
* ''[[Sympiezomias basalis]]'' Aurivillius, 1892
* ''[[Sympiezomias boesoni]]'' Marshall, 1921
* ''[[Sympiezomias chenggongensis]]'' Chao, 1977
* ''[[Sympiezomias cicatricollis]]'' Voss, 1932
* ''[[Sympiezomias citri]]'' Chao, 1977<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Selection, Identification and Culture Characteristics of a Highly Virulent Strain of Beauveria towards Sympiezomias citri |url=http://www.zgswfz.com.cn/EN/abstract/abstract2112.shtml |access-date=16 August 2021 |journal=Chinese Journal of Biological Control|date=8 December 2014 |volume=30 |issue=6 |page=750 }}</ref>
* ''[[Sympiezomias clams]]'' Chao, 1977
* ''[[Sympiezomias cretaceus]]'' Faust, 1897
* ''[[Sympiezomias cribricollis]]'' Kono, 1930
* ''[[Sympiezomias cupreovirens]]'' Marshall, 1918
* ''[[Sympiezomias decipiens]]'' Marshall, 1916
* ''[[Sympiezomias elongatus]]'' Chao, 1977
* ''[[Sympiezomias frater]]'' Marshall, 1916
* ''[[Sympiezomias gemmius]]'' Zhang, 1992
* ''[[Sympiezomias guangxiensis]]'' Chao, 1977<ref>{{Cite web |title=A preliminary observation on feeding habit of Sympiezomias guangxiensis L Tianshan, L Xili – Guangxi Zhiwu, 1998 |url=https://europepmc.org/article/cba/313089 |access-date=16 August 2021 |website=europepmc.org|date=January 1998 }}</ref>
* ''[[Sympiezomias herzi]]'' Faust, 1887
* ''[[Sympiezomias hispidus]]'' Marshall, 1916
* ''[[Sympiezomias inflatus]]'' Faust, 1895
* ''[[Sympiezomias kraatzi]]'' Heller, 1901
* ''[[Sympiezomias lewisi]]'' (Roelofs, 1879)
* ''[[Sympiezomias lividus]]'' Marshall, 1916
* ''[[Sympiezomias menglongensis]]'' Chao, 1977
* ''[[Sympiezomias menzhehensis]]'' Chao, 1977
* ''[[Sympiezomias peroteti]]'' (Boheman, 1845)
* ''[[Sympiezomias praeteritus]]'' Marshall, 1916
* ''[[Sympiezomias serratipes]]'' Marshall, 1916
* ''[[Sympiezomias setosus]]'' Aurivillius, 1892
* ''[[Sympiezomias shanensis]]'' Marshall, 1941
* ''[[Sympiezomias shanghaiensis]]'' Chao, 1977
* ''[[Sympiezomias subserratipes]]'' Ramamurthy, 2010
* ''[[Sympiezomias subvirens]]'' Marshall, 1941
* ''[[Sympiezomias sulcicollis]]'' Faust, 1895
* ''[[Sympiezomias sulphuratus]]'' Marshall, 1916
* ''[[Sympiezomias unicolor]]'' Chao, 1977
* ''[[Sympiezomias variabilis]]'' Voss, 1932
* ''[[Sympiezomias velatus]]'' (Chevrolat, 1845)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tang |first1=Pei-An |last2=Zhang |first2=Li |last3=Li |first3=Xiao-Peng |last4=Li |first4=Fei-Fan |last5=Yuan |first5=Ming-Long |date=12 December 2017 |title=The complete mitochondrial genome of Sympiezomias velatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2017.1357445 |access-date=17 August 2021 |journal=Mitochondrial DNA Part B |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=449–450 |doi=10.1080/23802359.2017.1357445 |pmc=7800147 |pmid=33473858}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from= Q14924464}}

[[Category:Curculionidae]]
[[Category:Curculionidae genera]]

Mandvi Fort

2025-02-21T18:22:59Z

JerilynSturgess: started new post

[[File:Mandvi Kutch Gate.jpg|thumb|Ruins of fort wall and gate near Brahmapuri area]]
[[File:Mandvi Fort - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Mandvi Fort]]
'''Mandvi Fort''' is a ruined [[fort]] located in [[Mandvi]], [[Gujarat]], India. It is Gujarat's last-standing maritime fort.<ref name="The Times of India 2001" />

==History==
The then ruler of Kutch, Rao Khongarji, built the port in 1580. To protect the country from pirates and other enemies, a fortress was constructed in the 17th century.<ref name="Prasad2001" />{{efn|According to ''The Times of India'' (2001), the fort was built by Raoshri Bharmalji, in 1549.<ref name="The Times of India 2001" />}}

In 1978, Mandvi municipality was handed over the fort under condition that it will preserve it. Later, in 1992, the municipality decided to demolish {{convert|290|m}} of wall to free the land but was opposed by citizens. The appeal was rejected in 1993 and the {{convert|300|m}} -long wall of the west side was demolished in 1993. In 1999, the state archeological department considered it for declaring protected monument but later decided against it. After assessing the condition of the fort, the court rejected appeals against demolition in 2001. The fort wall was demolished in two phases except four gates and six bastions which were preserved as protected monuments.<ref name="The Times of India 2001">{{cite web | title=500-year-old Mandvi fort being demolished in Kutch | website=The Times of India | date=29 October 2001 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/500-year-old-Mandvi-fort-being-demolished-in-Kutch/articleshow/594019939.cms | accessdate=1 February 2015}}</ref>

==Architecture and fittings==
It was {{convert|8|km}} long, {{convert|2.7|m}} broad, and {{convert|3|m}} high with five gates, three windows and seven [[bastion]]s (''kotha'').

The fort had several gateways and 25 bastions. At present, most of the wall has disappeared. The bastion on the southwest is largest and acts as a lighthouse. The circular masonry tower of Mandvi Lighthouse is situated up the spiral stairs of the bastion of the Mandvi Fort.<ref name="Prasad2001">{{cite news |last1=Prasad |first1=I.C. R. |title=Earthquake results in lighthouse destruction |url=http://www.lighthousedigest.com/digest/StoryPage.cfm?StoryKey=1187 |access-date=30 December 2024 |work=www.lighthousedigest.com |date=December 2001}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Gujarat}}

[[Category:Forts in Gujarat]]
[[Category:17th-century forts in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kutch district]]

List of Telugu films of 1970

2025-01-21T23:36:27Z

JerilynSturgess: Page updated with additional details

{{Short description|None}}
{{Tollywood films}}
{{moresources|date=September 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
This is a list of films produced by the [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Tollywood]] (Telugu language film industry) based in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] in the year [[1970 in film|1970]].<ref>https://www.imdb.com/search/title/?title_type=feature&year=1970-01-01,1970-12-31&languages=te&sort=year,desc&explore=languages {{User-generated source|certain=yes|date=July 2022}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Notes
|-
|''[[Akhandudu]]'' || V. Ramachandra Rao || [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]], [[Bharathi (actress)|Bharathi]], [[Prabhakar Reddy]] ||
|-
|''[[Akka Chellelu]]''|| A. Sanjeevi || [[Akkineni Nageshwara Rao]], [[Sowcar Janaki]], [[Vijaya Nirmala]], [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] ||
|-
|''[[Ali Baba 40 Dongalu]]'' || [[B. Vittalacharya]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao|NTR]], [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalitha]] ||
|-
|''[[Amma Kosam]]''||B. V. Prasad || [[Krishnam Raju]], [[Anjali Devi]], [[Krishna Ghattamaneni]] ||
|-
|''[[Balaraju Katha]]''||[[Bapu (director)|Bapu]]||[[Master Prabhakar]], [[Nagabhushanam (actor)|Nagabhushanam]], [[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakantham]]||
|-
|''[[Chitti Chellelu]]''||[[M. Krishnan Nair (director)|M. Krishnan Nair]]||[[N. T. Rama Rao|NTR]], [[Vanisri]], [[Rajasree]] ||
|-
|''[[Desamante Manushuloyi]]''||[[C. S. Rao]]||[[Sobhan Babu]], [[S. V. Ranga Rao]]||
|-
|''[[Dharma Daata]]'' || Sanjeevi || [[Akkineni Nageshwara Rao]], [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]] ||
|-
|''[[Drohi (1970 film)|Drohi]]'' || [[K. Bapayya]] || [[Jaggayya]], [[Vanisree]] || [[Suresh Productions]]
|-
|''[[Jai Jawan]]'' || D. Yoganand || [[Akkineni Nageshwara Rao]], [[G. Varalakshmi|Varalakshmi]], [[Bharathi (actress)|Bharathi]] ||
|-
|''[[Kathanayika Molla]]'' || [[Basavaraju Venkata Padmanabha Rao]] || [[Vanisree]], [[Haranath (actor)|Haranath]], [[B. Padmanabham]], [[Shobhan Babu]]||
|-
|''[[Kodalu Diddina Kapuram]]''||[[D. Yoganand]]||[[N. T. Rama Rao|NTR]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]], [[Vanisri]]||
|-
|''[[Lakshmi Kataksham]]'' || [[B. Vittalacharya]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao|NTR]], [[K. R. Vijaya]], [[Rajasri]] ||
|-
|''[[Maa Manchi Akkayya]]'' || || [[K. R. Vijaya]] ||
|-
|''[[Maa Nanna Nirdhoshi]]''|| K. V. Nandana Rao || [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]], [[Vijaya Nirmala]], [[Sridevi|Baby Sridevi]] ||
|-
|''[[Malli Pelli (1970 film)|Malli Pelli]]''|| C. S. Rao || [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]], [[Krishnam Raju]], [[Vijaya Nirmala]] ||
|-
|''[[Marina Manishi]]''||[[C. S. Rao]]||[[N. T. Rama Rao|NTR]], [[Vijaya Nirmala]]||
|-
|''[[Maro Prapancham]]'' || Adhuruthi Subbarao || [[Akkineni Nageshwara Rao]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]], [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]] ||
|-
|''[[Mayani Mamata]]''||[[Kamalakara Kameshwara Rao]]||[[N. T. Rama Rao|NTR]], [[B. Saroja Devi]], [[Sobhan Babu]]||
|-
|''[[Merupu Veerudu]]'' || B. Harinarayana || [[Kanta Rao]], [[Rajasri]] ||
|-
|''[[Oke Kutumbham]]''||[[A. Bhimsingh]]||[[N. T. Rama Rao|NTR]], [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]], [[Kanta Rao]]||
|-
|''[[Pelli Koothuru]]'' || V. Ramachandra Rao || [[Krishnam Raju]], [[Sowcar Janaki]] ||
|-
|''[[Pelli Sambandham (1970 film)|Pelli Sambandham]]'' || K. Varaprasad Rao || [[Krishna Ghattamaneni]], [[Vanisree]], [[Krishnam Raju]] ||
|-
|''[[Pettandarulu]]'' || C. S. Rao || [[N. T. Rama Rao|NTR]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] ||
|-
|''[[Sambarala Rambabu]]'' || Sheshagiri Rao || [[Chalam (actor)|Chalam]], [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]], [[Allu Ramalingaiah]]||
|-
|''[[Thaali Bottu]]''|| T. Madhusudhan Rao || [[Krishna Ghattamaneni]], [[Vijaya Nirmala]]||
|-
|''[[Thalla? Pellama?]]'' || [[N. T. Rama Rao|NTR]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao|NTR]], [[Chandrakala]], Shanta Kumari, Harikrishna ||
|-
|''[[Vidhi Vilasam]]''|| Tapi Chanakya || [[Krishna Ghattamaneni|Krishna]], [[Vijaya Nirmala]], [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]], Vijayalalitha, Nagabhushanam ||
|-
|''[[Vijayam Manade]]''||[[B. Vittalacharya]]||[[N. T. Rama Rao|NTR]], [[B. Saroja Devi]]||
|-
|}

==References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian film list}}
{{1970 films}}

[[Category:Lists of Telugu films by year|1970]]
[[Category:Lists of 1970 films by language|Telugu]]
[[Category:1970 in Indian cinema|Telugu films]]

S. K. Paramasivan

2024-12-19T18:20:28Z

JerilynSturgess: small expanded page for clarity additionally and corrected details after review

{{Short description|Indian politician (1919/1921 – 2022)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = S. K. Paramasivan
| honorific-suffix =
| image = SKP Thatha.png
| imagesize = 200px
| office1 = Member of [[Lok Sabha]] for [[Erode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Erode]]
| term_start1 = 1962
| term_end1 = 1967
| primeminister1 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]], [[Indira Gandhi]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1919|02|26|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Sinniampalayam, [[Erode]], [[British Raj]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2022|01|30|1919|02|26|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Erode]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| nationality = Indian
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| alma_mater =
| profession = Agriculturist, politician
| occupation =
| spouse = Lakshmi
}}

'''Sinniampalayam Kumaraswamy Paramasivan''' (26 February 1919{{Efn|There is some confusion with Paramasivan's date of birth, with his profile at the Third Lok Sabha calling his date of birth as 11 August 1921<ref>{{Cite web|title=Members Bioprofile|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/1581.htm|access-date=1 February 2022|website=loksabhaph.nic.in}}</ref>}} – 30 January 2022) was an Indian politician who served as a member of the [[Third Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the [[Parliament of India]], between 1962 and 1967.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last1=Madhavan|first1=Karthik|title=Former MP gets Dr. Kurien Award|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Former-MP-gets-Dr.-Kurien-Award/article15977238.ece|accessdate=26 February 2018|work=The Hindu|date=3 February 2010}}</ref> Paramasivan was known for his efforts toward setting up the [[Aavin|Aavin milk co-operative]] in the Erode district of Tamil Nadu as a part of the [[Operation Flood]] initiative during India's [[White Revolution (India)|White Revolution]]. For his contributions to the milk cooperative movement in the region he was called ''Paalvalatha Thanthai'' ({{Translation|Father of the Dairies}}) and received the Dr. Kurien award in 2010 from the [[National Dairy Development Board]].

==Early life==
Paramasivan was born in Sinniampalayam, a village near [[Erode]] (in the then [[Madras Presidency]]) as the tenth child to Kumarasamy Gounder and wife Kuppayi Ammal.<ref name="Elangovan18">{{cite news|last1=Elangovan|first1=Naveen|title=வினோபாபாவேவிடம் பணியாற்றிய தமிழக எம்.பி.க்கு வயசு 100!|url=https://www.vikatan.com/news/tamilnadu/117404-ex-mp-to-score-a-hundred-birthday-celebration-terrific-bizzy-.html|accessdate=28 February 2018|work=Vikatan|date=24 February 2018|language=ta}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> He completed his early schooling from Ramakrishna Vidyalaya in Erode before going to [[Madras]] (now Chennai) and graduating from high school from the Mahajana High School. He later obtained his degrees from [[Presidency College, Chennai|Presidency College]] and the [[Madras Law College]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Members Bioprofile|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/1581.htm|access-date=1 February 2022|website=loksabhaph.nic.in}}</ref> He was suspended from college for one year for participating in the [[Quit India Movement]] in 1942. During this time he also represented Presidency college as a captain of the football team.<ref name=":1" />

==Career==
S. K. Paramasivan joined the [[Indian National Congress]] in the 1950s. He was the president of Muthugoundenpalayam Panchayat Board for 10 years before becoming the member of Parliament from [[Erode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Erode constituency]] in the [[Third Lok Sabha]] in 1962 serving through its term until 1967. He also held office as the President of Coimbatore District Congress Committee.<ref name="Elangovan18" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Krishnamoorthy|first=R.|date=26 February 2015|title=Varghese Kurien's bust immortalises his association with Erode district|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/varghese-kuriens-bust-immortalises-his-association-with-erode-district/article6935085.ece|access-date=1 February 2022|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

During his time as a member of the third Lok Sabha, he was a member of the [[Select committee (parliamentary system)|select committee]] on the seeds bill of 1964, which was constituted to regulate quality of seeds for sale.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Secretariat|first=Lok Sabha|date=4 November 1966|title=Report of the Select Committee on the Seeds Bill of 1964|url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/755583/1/jcb_03_1966_seeds_evidence.pdf|website=Parliament of India - Digital Library}}</ref> He also raised the issue of [[excise duties]] on processed handloom cloth and yarn and its impact on handloom operators and others employed by the industry.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 June 1962|title=Proceedings of the Third Lok Sabha|url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/2905/1/lsd_03_01_11-06-1962.pdf|website=Lok Sabha - Digital Library}}</ref> Some of the other questions brought up by Paramasivam in the sittings of the third Lok Sabha included diversion of the [[Cauvery]] river's water to the city of Madras, to remediate the city's water shortage, education of coronary heart diseases, plans for the [[Indian Railways]] to remediate issues with the then newly manufactured first-class coaches manufactured at the [[Integral Coach Factory]] in [[Perambur]] near Madras, and expansion plans for the Janata express train that operated between Madras and Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 May 1962|title=Proceedings of the Third Lok Sabha|url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/2867/1/lsd_03_01_25-05-1962.pdf}}</ref> He also served as a member of the select committee that studied on amendments to the [[Central Silk Board|Central Silk Board Act]] of 1948.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 February 1963|title=Proceedings of the Third Lok Sabha|url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/2902/1/lsd_03_04_22-02-1963.pdf|website=Lok Sabha - Digital Library}}</ref>

[[File:S.K.Paramasivan,_ex-MP_and_his_family.png|thumb|S. K. Paramasivan and his family with [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]|alt=S. K. Paramasivan and his family with Jawaharlal Nehru|border]]

===Aavin milk cooperative===
[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] started the [[National Dairy Development Board]] (NDDB) in 1964 with [[Verghese Kurien]] at the helm for driving what was later called India's [[White Revolution (India)|White Revolution]]. Kurien chose Paramasivan to lead the effort in Tamil Nadu.<ref name="Elangovan18" /> Paramasivam pioneered the cooperative movement in the region by setting up milk producers' cooperative societies and the Erode Milk Producers Cooperative Union ([[Aavin]]) in [[Chithode]] in 1976.<ref name=":2" /> He also set up the [[Aavin]] Dairy, which operates in 55 acres in [[Chithode]], [[Refrigerator|dairy cold storage units]] in [[Dharapuram]] and [[Sathyamangalam]] were established. He was also responsible for many Milk producers' Cooperative Societies in many villages near Erode. He also served as the first president of the cooperative union. During this time, he also set up the Aavin cattle feed unit.<ref name=":2" /> For these contributions, he was called ''Paalvalatha Thanthai'' ({{Translation|Father of the Dairies}}) in and around Erode.<ref name="Elangovan18" /> He expanded the cooperative setup to other produce as well by setting up the Erode Cooperative Marketing Society in [[Karungalpalayam]] with the intent of ensuring fair price for farmers' produce particularly [[turmeric]].<ref name=":2" /> He also held positions including the head of Sinniyampalayam Milk Producers' Cooperative Bank for 35 years and Erode District Milk Producers' Cooperative Union for 4 years.<ref name="Elangovan18" />

Paramasivan was awarded the Dr. Kurien Award in 2010 by the [[Operation Flood|Indian Dairy Association]] for his contributions to milk cooperatives in the region.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=3 February 2010|title=Former MP gets Dr. Kurien Award|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Former-MP-gets-Dr.-Kurien-Award/article15977238.ece|access-date=1 February 2022|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Writing about his contributions to the milk cooperative movement in a 2010 article, ''[[The Hindu]]'' newspaper said, "If hundreds of milk producers in and around Erode get good price today, the credit goes to S.K. Paramasivan."<ref name=":2" />

===Philanthropy===
When Acharya [[Vinoba Bhave]] started Bhoodhan movement, many landlords donated part of their land to poor and the landless. In [[Tamil Nadu]], S. K. Paramasivan donated a sixth of his land and to landless farmers.<ref name="Elangovan18" /><ref name=":1" /> He was also noted to have contributed his household gold jewelry weighing approximately 7 pounds to then prime minister's war fund during the [[India-China War]] in 1962.<ref name="Elangovan18" />

==Personal life==
Paramasivan was married to Lakshmi Paramasivan. The couple had two sons and two daughters and lived in Erode.<ref name=":1" /> Paramasivan was commonly referred to as ''S. K. P.'' or S. K. P. ''thatha''.{{Efn|"Thatha" means "grandfather" in the Tamil language.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How to say grandfather in Tamil|url=https://www.wordhippo.com/what-is/the/tamil-word-for-dd6708dd64fabdf02d47a76472d58b726ef1566e.html|access-date=30 January 2022|website=WordHippo|language=en}}</ref>}}<ref name="Elangovan18" /> He was active late into his life, including unveiling a bust of [[Verghese Kurien]] at the [[National Dairy Development Board]] campus in Erode in 2015 and casting his ballot in Erode during the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 general election]] when he was aged 100.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Ramakrishnan |first=Deepa H. |date=19 April 2019 |title=Many senior citizens did not miss out on voting this time too |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha-2019/many-senior-citizens-did-not-miss-out-on-voting-this-time-too/article26880201.ece |work=The Hindu |location= |access-date=29 May 2021}}</ref> He died in [[Tiruchengode]] on 30 January 2022, aged 102.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Tamil Nadu: Former MP S K Paramasivan passes away|url=https://newsonair.gov.in/Main-News-Details.aspx?title=Tamil-Nadu:-Former-MP-S-K-Paramasivan-passes-away&id=434481|access-date=30 January 2022|work=News On AIR - News Services Division, All India Radio News}}</ref>

== Explanatory notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paramasivan, S. K.}}
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:India MPs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:Indian men centenarians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Erode district]]

Mengujuma

2024-07-13T07:38:05Z

JerilynSturgess: started article

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mengujuma
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Nagaland#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Kiruphema Basa
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kohima district|Kohima]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1000

| population_as_of = 2018
| population_footnotes = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#NL.E2.80.94Nagaland|NL]]-01
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1114 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Mengujuma''' is a village in [[Kohima district]] of [[Nagaland]] state of India. The total population of the village is about 1000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/268274-mengujuma-nagaland.html|title=Census 2011, Mengujuma village Data}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{coord missing|Nagaland}}

[[Category:Villages in Kohima district]]

{{Nagaland-geo-stub}}

Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2024-25

2024-07-02T20:29:05Z

JerilynSturgess: adding new pg

#REDIRECT [[:Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2024–25]]

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{{R from alternative hyphenation|1={{-r|1=Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2024–25}}}}
}}
{{User:AnomieBOT/Auto-G8|target=Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2024–25}}

Kumbakonam Lok Sabha constituency

2024-05-17T15:01:13Z

JerilynSturgess:

{{Short description|Former constituency in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Kumbakonam
| map_image =
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| established = 1952
| abolished = 1971
| reservation = None
}}
'''[[Kumbakonam]]''' was a [[Lok Sabha]] constituency in [[Tamil Nadu]]. It existed from 1951 to 1977.

==Assembly segments==
Kumbakonam Lok Sabha constituency was previously composed of the following assembly segments:<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|title=List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies
|accessdate=2008-10-12
|work=Tamil Nadu
|publisher=Election Commission of India
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504185928/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|archivedate=2006-05-04
}}</ref>
#[[Kumbakonam (State Assembly Constituency) |Kumbakonam]]
#[[Thiruvaiyaru (State Assembly Constituency)|Thiruvaiyaru]]
#[[Valangaiman (State Assembly Constituency)|Valangaimaan]]
#[[Papanasam (State Assembly Constituency)|Papanasam]]
#[[Aduthurai (State Assembly Constituency)|Aduthurai]]
#[[Jayankondam Assembly constituency|Jayankondam]]

==Members of the Parliament==
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="40%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winning Candidate
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Party
|----
|1951
|[[C. Ramaswamy Mudaliar]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|----
|1957
|[[C. R. Pattabhiraman]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|----
|1962
|[[C. R. Pattabhiraman]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|----
|1967
|[[Era Seziyan]]
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|----
|1971
|[[Era Seziyan]]
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.0}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|48.6}}
{{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|45.8}}
{{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|58.7}}
{{bar percent|[[#1952|1952]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|41.6}}
}}
===General election 1971===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Party
!Candidate
!Votes
!%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
|'''[[Era Sezhiyan|Era Chezhiyan]]'''
|'''242,547'''
|'''53.0%'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (Organization)}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)|NCO]]
|C.R.Ramasamy
|203,794
|44.5%
|-
! colspan="3" |Majority
|38,753
|8.5%
|-
! colspan="3" |[[Voter turnout|Turnout]]
|446,341
|78.0%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
| colspan="2" |[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] '''Hold'''
!
!
|}

===General election 1967===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Party
!Candidate
!Votes
!%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
|'''[[Era Sezhiyan|Era Chezhiyan]]'''
|'''213,866'''
|'''48.6%'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|C.R.P.Raman
|193,827
|44.0%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}"|
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|L.Seshsdri
|14,952
|3.4%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}"|
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|I.Bhaktar
|3,443
|0.8%
|-
! colspan="3" |Majority
|20,039
|4.6%
|-
! colspan="3" |[[Voter turnout|Turnout]]
|426,088
|79.8%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
| colspan="2" |[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] '''gain''' from [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
!
!
|}

===General election 1962===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Party
!Candidate
!Votes
!%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|'''C.R.Pattabiraman'''
|'''155,389'''
|'''45.8%'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
|T.K.Sreenivasan
|144,490
|42.6%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Praja Socialist Party}}"|
|[[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]]
|S.A.Rahim
|18,268
|5.4%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}"|
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|T.S.Krishnamoorthy
|7,820
|2.3%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}"|
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|Irusappa Bhaktar
|3,187
|0.9%
|-
! colspan="3" |Majority
|10,899
|3.2%
|-
! colspan="3" |[[Voter turnout|Turnout]]
|329,154
|72.9%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| colspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]] '''Hold'''
!
!
|}

===General election 1957===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Party
!Candidate
!Votes
!%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|'''C.R.Pattabiraman'''
|'''127,631'''
|'''58.7%'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Praja Socialist Party}}"|
|[[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]]
|S.A.Rahim
|60,309
|27.8%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}"|
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|R.M.Shesasdri
|29,346
|13.5%
|-
! colspan="3" |Majority
|67,322
|-
! colspan="3" |[[Voter turnout|Turnout]]
|217,286
|50.5%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| colspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]] '''Hold'''
!
!
|}

===General election 1952===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Party
!Candidate
!Votes
!%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|'''C.Ramasamy Mudhaliar'''
|'''95,433'''
|'''41.6%'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}"|
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|Ramaih
|62,124
|27.1%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}"|
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|S.Ramanathan Chettiyar
|33,286
|14.5%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}"|
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|K.Viswanathan
|20,166
|8.8%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}"|
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|S.A.Ramaih
|10,872
|4.7%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}"|
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|N.R.Narayanaswamy
|7,576
|3.3%
|-
! colspan="3" |Majority
|33,309
|14.5%
|-
! colspan="3" |[[Voter turnout|Turnout]]
|229,457
|63.5%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| colspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]] '''Win (New Seat)'''
!
!
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081218010942/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp Election Commission of India]

==See also==
* [[Kumbakonam]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

{{coord|10.97|N|79.42|E|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumbakonam (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}

[[Category:Thanjavur district]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1977]]
[[Category:Former Lok Sabha constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

Khan Muhammad Ishaq Khan

2024-03-26T05:33:02Z

JerilynSturgess: redirect

#REDIRECT [[Malerkotla State#List of rulers]]

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Bad, Karnataka

2023-01-24T03:57:05Z

JerilynSturgess: general update structure after review and cleaned formatting

{{use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{use Indian English|date=February 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bad
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Belgaum district|Belgaum]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = [[Hukeri]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayat raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =KA
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KA]]
| footnotes =

}}

'''Bad''' is a village in [[Belgaum district]] in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], India.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/ Village Directory], 2001 Census of India</ref>

Karnataka is the second-largest milk-producing state in India, after [[Gujarat]]. During the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]], state-run dairy behemoth Karnataka Milk Federation (KMF) collection centres at many villages stopped functioning due to a huge drop in demand. Local milk producers who survived on selling milk to the KMF resorted to dumping thousands of litres into tanks, lakes and even rivers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bad for Business: Covid-19 Lockdown Shuts the Door on Karnataka's Rural Economy|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/bad-for-business-covid-19-lockdown-shuts-the-door-on-karnatakas-rural-economy-2558913.html|date=2020-03-31|website=News18|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref>

The current air quality in Bad is listed as poor. "The air has reached a high level of pollution and is unhealthy for sensitive groups. Reduce time spent outside if you are feeling symptoms such as difficulty breathing or throat irritation."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Weather in Bad|url=https://www.accuweather.com/en/in/bad/2846162/weather-forecast/2846162|website=accuweather.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Settlements in Belgaum district}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

[[Category:Villages in Belagavi district]]

{{Hukeri-geo-stub}}

Maynaguri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)

2022-05-22T10:24:08Z

JerilynSturgess: update section for consistency and fixed typos

#REDIRECT [[Maynaguri Assembly constituency]]

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{{R from move}}
}}