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Santipur Assembly constituency

2026-05-07T22:36:02Z

JeanetteBracegir: Creating New Page - done

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
'''Santipur Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Nadia district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Santipur
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Santipur.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Santipur Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Swapan Kumar Das]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| preceded_by = [[Braja Kishore Goswami]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Nadia district|Nadia]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Ranaghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranaghat]]
| constituency_no = 86
| established = 1951
| electors = 255,619
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

{{Pie chart
| caption = '''Most Successful Parties from Santipur Assembly'''
| value1 = 45
| value2 = 20
| value3 = 10
| value4 = 10
| value5 = 10
| value6 = 5
| label1 = [[Indian National Congress]] (9 times)
| label2 = [[Revolutionary Communist Party of India]] (4 times)
| label3 = [[Independent politician]] (2 times)
| label4 = [[All India Trinamool Congress]] (2 times)
| label5 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (2 times)
| label6 = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (1 time)
| color1 = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}
| color2 = {{party color|Revolutionary Communist Party of India}}
| color3 = {{party color|Independent politician}}
| color4 = {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|color5 = {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
| color6 = {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
}}

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 86 Santipur Assembly constituency is composed of the following: [[Shantipur]] municipality, and Babla, Baganchra, Belgoria I, Belgoria II Gayeshpur and Haripur [[gram panchayat]]s of the [[Santipur (community development block)|Shantipur]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |title=Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 |access-date=2010-08-21 |publisher=Government of West Bengal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |archive-date=2010-09-18 }}</ref>

Santipur Assembly constituency is part of No. 13 [[Ranaghat (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (SC).<ref name=delimitation/> It was earlier part of [[Nabadwip (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf | title = Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha | access-date = 1 October 2010 | work = Volume III Details For Assembly Segments Of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher = Election Commission of India }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
| Sashi Bhusan Khan
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| Haridas Dey
|-
| [[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Kanai Pal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
| [[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
| [[M. Mokshed Ali]]
| {{Full party name with color|Revolutionary Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| [[Bimalananda Mukherjee]]
|-
| [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Asamanja De
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="3"|[[Bimalananda Mukherjee]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
| {{Full party name with color|Revolutionary Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
| [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| rowspan="6"|[[Ajoy Dey]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
| [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
| [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
| [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|-
| 2014^
| {{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|-
| [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| [[Arindam Bhattacharya (politician)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[Jagannath Sarkar (BJP politician)|Jagannath Sarkar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| 2021^
| [[Braja Kishore Goswami]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|-
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| Swapan Das
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

* ^ = by-election

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Santipur}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Swapan Kumar Das]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=117,941|percentage=54.86|change={{increase}}31.64}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Brajakishor Goswami|party=Trinamool Congress|votes={{formatnum:72564}}|percentage=33.76|change={{decrease}}20.82}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Soumen Mahato|party=Left Front (West Bengal)|votes={{formatnum:11533}}|percentage=5.36|change={{decrease}}14.21}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Arindam Bhattacharya|party=Independent politician|votes={{formatnum:7216}}|percentage=3.36|change={{New}}}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:930}}|percentage=0.43|change={{decrease}}0.49}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:45376}}|percentage=21.10|change={{decrease}}10.57}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:214973}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021 By-election===
{{Election box begin | title= By-election, 2021: [[Santipur]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-01|title=With more than 79% voter turnout, Gosaba records highest polling percentage|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/with-more-than-79-voter-turnout-gosaba-records-highest-polling-percentage-457545|work=Millennium Post|access-date=2021-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/ConstituencywiseS2586.htm?ac=86|website=results.eci.gov.in|access-date=2021-11-02|archive-date=2021-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102190252/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/ConstituencywiseS2586.htm?ac=86|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/RoundwiseS2586.htm?ac=86|website=results.eci.gov.in|access-date=2021-11-02|archive-date=2021-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102120141/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/RoundwiseS2586.htm?ac=86|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Form20 - 86 Santipur AC|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/UploadFiles/Byeelec_oct_2021/Form20_AC86.pdf|work=Chief Electoral Officer, West Bengal|access-date=2021-11-13}}</ref> }}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Braja Kishore Goswami]]
|votes = 112,087
|percentage = 54.89
|change = +12.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Niranjan Biswas
|votes = 47,412
|percentage = 23.22
|change = -26.72
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Soumen Mahato
|votes = 39,958
|percentage = 19.57
|change = +19.57
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Raju Pal
|votes = 2,877
|percentage = 1.41
|change = -3.07
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 1,880
|percentage = 0.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 64,675
|percentage = 31.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 204,469
|percentage = 80.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021 Assembly Election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Santipur]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Santipur Assembly Constituency Election Result|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/santipur-west-bengal-assembly-constituency|website=resultuniversity.com|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref> }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Jagannath Sarkar (BJP politician)|Jagannath Sarkar]]|votes=1,09,722|percentage=49.94|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Ajoy Dey]]|votes=93,844|percentage=42.72|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Riju Ghoshal|votes=9,848|percentage=4.48|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=2,385|percentage=1.09|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=15,878|percentage=7.28|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=2,20,238|percentage=86.16|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
In the 2016 elections, the 6-times [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] Ajoy Dey was defeated by the West Bengal State Youth Congress, President, Arindam Bhattacharya, who secured 103,566 (52.25%) votes,<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 April 2021|title=শান্তিপুর বিধানসভা কেন্দ্র ২০২১ : ভোটের প্রার্থী, অতীতের ফলাফল - একনজরে সব তথ্য|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021/santipur-assembly-seat-constituency-candidates-profile-of-bjp-jagannath-sarkar-tmc-ajoy-dey-congress-cpim-ritzu-ghosal-31618589516701.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507225102/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021/santipur-assembly-seat-constituency-candidates-profile-of-bjp-jagannath-sarkar-tmc-ajoy-dey-congress-cpim-ritzu-ghosal-31618589516701.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 May 2021|work=Hindustan Times Bangla|language=bn|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref> with a winning margin of 19,488 votes.
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Santipur]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Santipur Assembly Elections 2016 Latest News & Results|url=https://www.india.com/assembly-election-2016/west-bengal/santipur/|work=India.com|access-date=2021-11-05}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Arindam Bhattacharya
|votes = 103,566
|percentage = 51.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Ajoy Dey
|votes = 84,078
|percentage = 42.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Swapan Kumar Dam
|votes = 7,495
|percentage = 3.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 19,488
|percentage = 9.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes =
2,00,178
|percentage = 88.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014 General election===

Santipur Assembly constituency is part of [[Ranaghat (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. Ranaghat went to the polls on 12 May 2014, in phase 5 of the [[2014 Indian general election in West Bengal|2014 general election in West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Phase wise schedule|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/UploadFiles/Election/Parliament/2014/CEOWB_635298042808384198_phasewise_schedule.pdf|work=Chief Electoral Officer, West Bengal|access-date=2021-11-15}}</ref> The result of Santipur in this election is given below.<ref>{{Cite web|title=13-RANAGHAT (SC)|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/UploadFiles/Election/Parliament/2014/Form20/Form20_partwise/PC13.pdf|work=Chief Electoral Officer, West Bengal|access-date=2021-11-15}}</ref>

{{election table|sortable=no}}
! colspan="2" |'''Party'''
!'''Candidate'''
!'''Valid Votes'''
!'''Votes recorded on Postal Ballot papers'''
|- class="unsortable" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
|-
| {{party color cell|All India Trinamool Congress}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Tapas Mandal]]
|69,651
| rowspan="7" |'''N/A'''
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| style="text-align:left;" |Archana Biswas
|52,403
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="text-align:left;" |Supravat Biswas
|31,070
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| style="text-align:left;" |Pratap Kanti Ray
|25,885
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" |Rejected Votes
|0
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" |[[None of the above|NOTA]]
|2,122
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" |Tendered Votes
|0
|-
! colspan="3" style="text-align:right;" |'''Majority'''
| colspan="2" |17,248
|-
! colspan="3" style="text-align:right;" |'''[[Voter turnout|Turnout]]'''
| colspan="2" |186,767
|-
|}

===2014 By-election===
A by-election was held on 12 April 2014 following the resignation of the sitting MLA, Ajoy Dey who switched over to Trinamool Congress from Congress.
{{Election box begin | title= By-election, 2014: Santipur<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 June 2020|title=Santipur (West Bengal) Assembly Elections Results|url=https://www.elections.in/west-bengal/assembly-constituencies/santipur.html|website=www.elections.in|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 March 2016|title=শান্তিপুর বিধানসভা কেন্দ্র|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/zila/santipur-vidhan-sabha-constituency_138888.html|work=Zee 24 Ghanta|language=bn|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=7 November 2021|title=বামদের টিকে থাকতে হলে চাই নতুন দল|url=https://eisamay.com/editorial/post-editorial/west-bengal-bypolls-2021-detail-analysis-of-left-front-result-in-the-election/articleshow/87565106.cms|work=Ei Samay|language=bn|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Ajoy Dey
|votes = 71,973
|percentage = 38.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Anup Kumar Ghosh
|votes = 51,838
|percentage = 28.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Kumares Chakraborty
|votes = 36,645
|percentage = 19.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sufal Sarkar
|votes = 24,324
|percentage = 13.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 20,135
|percentage = 10.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,87,088
|percentage = 86.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
In the 2011 election, Ajoy Dey of Congress defeated his nearest rival Yar Mullick of RCPI.
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Santipur]]<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=86| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120327191010/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=86| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 27 March 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Santipur| publisher = Empowering India |access-date = 20 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=AC Summary: Santipur 2011|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/summary/32262|work=IndiaVotes|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Ajoy Dey
|votes = 98,902
|percentage = 57.77
|change = +10.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Revolutionary Communist Party of India
|candidate = Yar Mullick
|votes = 60,744
|percentage = 35.48
|change = -11.18#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Kanoj Biswas
|votes = 11,543
|percentage = 6.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 38,158
|percentage = 22.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,71,255
|percentage = 89.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing = +21.27
}}
{{Election box end}}

.# Swing calculated on CPI(M)'s vote percentage in 2006.

===1977–2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]],<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> 2001,<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> 1996<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> and 1991<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> state assembly elections, Ajoy Dey of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] won the Santipur seat, defeating his nearest rivals Sanatanu Chakrabarti of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI (M)]], Badal Basak, Independent, Bimalananda Mukherjee of RCPI (R), and Asim Ghosh of [[Revolutionary Communist Party of India|RCPI]] in respective years. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. In 1987,<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> 1982<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> and 1977,<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> Bimalananda Mukherjee, RCPI/Independent candidate defeated Ajay Dey, Asamanja De (both of Congress) and Jnanendra Nath Pramanik of [[Janata Party]] in the respective years.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp78.htm |title =78 - Santipur Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 5 October 2010}}</ref>

===1951–1972===
Asamanja De of Congress won in 1972.<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> [[Bimalananda Mukherjee]] of RCPI won in 1971.<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> [[M. Mokshed Ali]] of RCPI won in 1969.<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> K.Pal of CPI(M) won in 1967.<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> Kanai Pal, Independent, won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]].<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> Haridas Dey of Congress won in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]].<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref> In [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]], Sashi Bhusan Khan of Congress won the Santipur seat.<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Nadia topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Nadia district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

Shubhangi Swarup

2026-05-06T01:34:14Z

JeanetteBracegir: Creating Post - done

{{short description|Indian author, journalist and educator}}
{{Infobox artist
| image = Shubhangi Swarup.tif
| name = Shubhangi Swarup
| caption = Swarup in Mumbai, 2018
| birth_place = Nashik, Maharashtra
| notable_works = Latitudes of Longing
| website = [https://shubhangiswarup.com/ shubhangiswarup.com]
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1982}}
| education = St. Anne's High School, Fort, Mumbai
| alma_mater = St. Xavier's College (Mumbai), SOAS University of London
}}

'''Shubhangi Swarup''' ([[Hindi]]: शुभांगी स्वरुप; IPA - ʃʊbʰɑ́ŋgiː svəruːp) is an Indian author, journalist and educator. She is best known for her novel ''[[Latitudes of Longing]]'', which was published in 2018 by [[HarperCollins]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Shubhangi Swarup |url=https://harpercollins.co.in/author-details/shubhangi-swarup/ |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=HarperCollins Publishers India Books, Novels, Authors and Reviews}}</ref> and was declared a bestseller soon after its release in India,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-21 |title=Latitudes of Longing |url=https://lithub.com/latitudes-of-longing/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=Literary Hub |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Latitudes of Longing by Shubhangi Swarup |url=https://goop.com/book-club-latitudes-of-longing/ |website=goop Book Club}}</ref> and Sweden.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Webico |date=2020-05-20 |title="Latitudes of Longing" by Shubhangi Swarup makes international waves from the start |url=https://www.pontas-agency.com/latitudes-of-longing-by-shubhangi-swarup-makes-international-waves-from-the-start/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=Pontas Agency |language=en-US}}</ref>

Swarup has worked as a journalist since 2008, and has written for [[Open (Indian magazine)|Open]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubhangi Swarup, Author at Open The Magazine |url=https://openthemagazine.com/author/shubhangi-swarup/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Open The Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Mint (newspaper)|The Mint]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-28 |title=Lounge Original: 'Confessions of a Menopausal Man' by Shubhangi Swarup |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com//news/talking-point/lounge-original-confessions-of-a-menopausal-man-by-shubhangi-swarup-111644641582756.html |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Mintlounge |language=en}}</ref> and also worked briefly in Zanzibar in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-11-25 |title=Paradise Island, Up Close and Real |url=https://openthemagazine.com/features/living/paradise-island-up-close-and-real/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=Open The Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref>

She was the Executive Editor for ElseVR channel, India's first [[virtual reality]] (VR) journalism platform co-created by filmmaker and producer [[Anand Gandhi]]. In this capacity, she directed and wrote ''When Borders Move'', a documentary about [[Hunderman]], a village in Kargil that once belonged to Pakistan, was shortly in no man’s land, and now belongs to India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubhangi Swarup {{!}} Additional Crew, Director, Editor |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9139990/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Virtual reality adds transparency to narrative journalism |work=Business Standard |agency=IANS |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/virtual-reality-adds-transparency-to-narrative-journalism-117020700992_1.html |url-status= |access-date=7 February 2017}}</ref>

As part of the Dekeyser and Friend’s Dance Project, Swarup was part of [[Fire of Anatolia]], a Turkish dance group consisting of 120 dancers, several choreographers and other technical staff.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DANCE PROJECT – Dekeyser & Friends |url=http://www.dekeyserandfriends.org/dance-project/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-02-16 |title=My Life as an Extra |url=https://openthemagazine.com/essays/true-life/my-life-as-an-extra/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=Open The Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> Additionally, she has volunteered as a teacher for street children and low income groups, and co-founded the community group, Hamara Footpath, a Mumbai-based NGO dedicated to the educational needs of children who live on Mumbai’s streets.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2007-05-13 |title=Life's lessons learnt on the sidewalk |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/lifes-lessons-learnt-on-the-sidewalk/articleshow/2039449.cms |access-date=2023-11-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Swarup was born in [[Nashik]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubhangi Swarup |url=https://www.thejcbprize.org/author/shubhangi-swarup |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=www.thejcbprize.org}}</ref> to Sunanda Swarup and Govind Swarup in 1982. She holds a Masters of Sciences degree in Violence, Conflict and Development from [[SOAS University of London]].

== Notable works ==

=== ''Latitudes of Longing'' (2018) ===
Swarup began work on her first book in 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-08-05 |title=Indian women are wowing the West with their first novels |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/indian-women-are-wowing-the-west-with-their-first-novels/articleshow/77374522.cms |access-date=2023-10-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In an interview published in [[The Hindu]], she mentioned that it took her seven years to write the novel, and that her training as a journalist taught her ‘the value of deadlines, and sticking to them in the face of uncertainty.’.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mukherjee |first=Anusua |date=2020-02-08 |title=In conversation with Shubhangi Swarup |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/the-seed-of-the-novel-lies-in-disbelief-shubhangi-swarup/article30759640.ece |access-date=2023-11-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2 September 2018 |title=Human imagination has been trapped in rooms of our own creation |work=Business Standard |agency=IANS |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/human-imagination-has-been-trapped-in-rooms-of-our-own-creation-novelist-shubhangi-swarup-118090200170_1.html}}</ref>

''[[Latitudes of Longing]]'' is among the first Indian novels to engage with nature as a living, heaving entity. A tectonically active fault-line running through the Indian subcontinent holds all the stories together, in lieu of a plot. Winner of the [[Émile Guimet Prize for Asian Literature]], the jury observed that the novel has invented a genre in itself: the fiction of nature.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubhangi Swarup, prix Émile Guimet de littérature asiatique 2023 |url=https://actualitte.com/article/109643/prix-litteraires/shubhangi-swarup-prix-emile-guimet-de-litterature-asiatique-2023 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=ActuaLitté.com |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Critically and commercially successful, the novel is in the process of being translated in 17 different languages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubhangi Swarup - Aevitas Creative Management |url=https://www.aevitascreative.com/client/shubhangi-swarup |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=www.aevitascreative.com}}</ref> It was selected by the GOOP book club<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goop Book Club - Latitudes of Longing by Shubhangi Swarup |url=https://goop.com/book-club-latitudes-of-longing/}}</ref> and Oprah Daily<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-24 |title=28 Books to Transport You This Summer, Written By Women Around the World |url=https://www.oprahdaily.com/entertainment/books/a32825018/best-summer-books-2020/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=Oprah Daily |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-08 |title=Oprah picks Mumbai debut writer Shubhangi Swarup for her summer list |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com//how-to-lounge/books/oprah-picks-mumbai-debut-writer-shubhangi-swarup-for-her-summer-list-111634475221998.html |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=Mintlounge |language=en}}</ref> in 2020, and its Taiwanese translation was selected by the Eslite chain of bookstores, Taipei as their November book of the month.

=== ''Shikaar'' (2019) ===
''Shikaar'' is a Hindi play conceptualized and co-written by Swarup in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SHIKAAR Hindi Play/Drama - www.MumbaiTheatreGuide.com |url=https://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/hindi/shikaar-hindi-play-preview.asp# |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=www.mumbaitheatreguide.com}}</ref> She wrote the story, and the play was produced by Patchworks Ensemble. Set among a group of [[Churel|chudails]], the story explores the threat independent women pose to fascism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The play Shikaar preys on our notions of hunter and hunted |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2022/09/30/shikaar-the-play-preys-on-our-notions-of-hunter-and-hunted.html |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Phukan |first=Vikram |date=2019-08-14 |title=Shikaar: A commune of chudails |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/a-commune-of-chudails/article29094161.ece |access-date=2023-11-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=No easy answers! |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-no-easy-answers-2780957 |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> Shikaar received both popular and critical acclaim.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Phukan |first=Vikram |date=2019-08-14 |title=Shikaar: A commune of chudails |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/a-commune-of-chudails/article29094161.ece |access-date=2023-11-01 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-21 |title=Shikaar successfully walks the fine line between real laughs and real fears |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/witches-brew-shikaar-5921741/ |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Awards ==
Swarup was awarded the Charles Pick Fellowship for creative writing<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles Pick Fellowship - School of Literature, Drama and Creative Writing - About |url=https://www.uea.ac.uk/about/school-of-literature-drama-and-creative-writing/creative-writing/writing-fellowship/charles-pick-fellowship |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=www.uea.ac.uk}}</ref> at the [[University of East Anglia]], and the South Asia Laadli Media & Advertising Award for Gender Sensitivity twice for her articles - "The Many Perceptions of Rape", 2009<ref>{{Cite web |title=5_Down_NATIONAL_BROCHURE_2010-2011_CURVE.pdf - Microsoft Word Online |url=https://onedrive.live.com/view.aspx?resid=CE7D1110124EDAD5!147002&authkey=!AL9djkaSFfifLas |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=onedrive.live.com}}</ref> and "Stealth Revolution", 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=5_Down_NATIONAL_BROCHURE_2010-2011_CURVE.pdf - Microsoft Word Online |url=https://onedrive.live.com/view.aspx?resid=CE7D1110124EDAD5!147002&authkey=!AL9djkaSFfifLas |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=onedrive.live.com}}</ref>

For ''Latitudes of Longing'', she received the following awards and nominations -
* the 6th [[Émile Guimet Prize for Asian Literature]], 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubhangi Swarup remporte le prix Emile Guimet de littérature asiatique |url=https://www.livreshebdo.fr/article/shubhangi-swarup-remporte-le-prix-emile-guimet-de-litterature-asiatique |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Livres Hebdo |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=lalettre |date=2023-01-21 |title=Prix Émile Guimet de littérature asiatique 2023 à Shubhangi Swarup |url=http://lalettredulibraire.com/Prix-%C3%89mile-Guimet-de-litt%C3%A9rature-asiatique-2023-%C3%A0-Shubhangi-Swarup |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=lalettredulibraire.com |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |date=2023-01-23 |title=Shubhangi Swarup's 'Latitudes of Longings' wins 2023 Émile Guimet Prize for Asian Literature |url=https://scroll.in/article/1042393/shubhangi-swarups-latitudes-of-longings-wins-2023-emile-guimet-prize-for-asian-literature |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubhangi Swarup, prix Émile Guimet de littérature asiatique 2023 |url=https://actualitte.com/article/109643/prix-litteraires/shubhangi-swarup-prix-emile-guimet-de-litterature-asiatique-2023 |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=ActuaLitté.com |language=fr-FR}}</ref>
* won the [[Sushila Devi Literature Award]] for Best Book of Fiction Written By A Woman, 2020<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-03 |title=Shubhangi Swarup's Latitudes of Longing wins Sushila Devi Literature Award |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/shubhangi-swarup-latitudes-of-longing-wins-sushila-devi-literature-award-6197805/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* longlisted for [[International Dublin Literary Award]], 2020<ref>{{Cite web |last=IGO |date=2019-11-09 |title=Latitudes of Longing |url=https://dublinliteraryaward.ie/the-library/books/latitudes-of-longing/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Dublin Literary Award |language=en-US}}</ref>
* longlisted for [[DSC Prize for South Asian Literature]], 2019<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Porter |date=2019-09-27 |title=DSC Prize for South Asian Literature Releases Its Longlist |url=https://publishingperspectives.com/2019/09/dsc-prize-for-south-asian-literature-releases-its-longlist/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Publishing Perspectives |language=en-US}}</ref>
* won the Tata Literature Live! First Book Award - Debut Fiction, 2018<ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |title=Shubhangi Swarup and James Crabtree among the winners of the Tata Literature Live Awards |url=https://shop.scroll.in/book/902781/shubhangi-swarup-and-james-crabtree-among-the-winners-of-the-tata-literature-live-awards |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref>
* shortlisted for the inaugural [[JCB Prize|JCB Prize for Literature]], 2018<ref>{{Citation |title=JCB Prize |date=2023-04-19 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JCB_Prize&oldid=1150724581 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2023-12-24 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jasmine Days |url=https://www.thejcbprize.org/prize/2018 |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=www.thejcbprize.org}}</ref>

== Influences ==
Discussing her literary influences in an interview with Prakruti Maniar,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-18 |title=Fiction begins where non-fiction ends: Shubhangi Swarup - Purple Pencil Project |url=https://www.purplepencilproject.com/shubhangi-swarup-author/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> Swarup cited [[Naguib Mahfouz]] and [[A. K. Ramanujan|A.K. Ramanujan]], specifically his short story collection ''[[A Flowering Tree: A Woman's Tale|A Flowering Tree]]'' for narrative style, as well as [[Haruki Murakami]], [[Gabriel García Márquez]] and [[Maria Dermoût]]'s ''[[The Ten Thousand Things]]'', and other Japanese, Spanish and African literature.

Beyond literature, Swarup also credited filmmaker [[Hayao Miyazaki]] as a strong influence.

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Swarup, Shubhangi}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women novelists]]
[[Category:Indian women journalists]]

Daag: The Fire

2026-05-03T13:58:53Z

JeanetteBracegir:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Daag: The Fire
| image = Daag-the-fire.jpg

| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Raj Kanwar]]
| producer = Raj Kanwar
| writer = Raj Kanwar [[Jainendra Jain (screenwriter)|Jainendra Jain]] (dialogues)
| screenplay = [[Robin Bhatt]] [[Akash Khurana]]
| narrator =
| starring = [[Sanjay Dutt]] [[Chandrachur Singh]] [[Mahima Chaudhry]] [[Shakti Kapoor]]
| music = [[Rajesh Roshan]]
| cinematography = Harmeet Singh
| editing = A. Muthu
| studio =
| distributor = [[Inderjit Films]]
| released = {{Film date|1999|02|12|df=yes}}
| runtime = 165 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}67.5 million<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2453|title=Daag: The Fire – Movie|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=23 February 2023|archive-date=23 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223124614/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2453|url-status=live}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}202.8 million<ref name="auto"/>
}}

'''''Daag: The Fire''''' ({{translation|Fire/Shoot}}) is a 1999 Indian [[Hindi|Hindi-language]] [[action thriller]] film written, produced and directed by [[Raj Kanwar]], starring [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Chandrachur Singh]] and [[Mahima Chaudhry]] in the lead roles. The film received mixed reviews but was successful at the box office.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/feb/13daag.htm | title=Revenge and amnesia | publisher=[[Rediff.com|Rediff]] | date=13 February 1999 | accessdate=10 February 2016 | author=Suparn Verma | archive-date=3 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003055823/https://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/feb/13daag.htm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.planetbollywood.com/music/daag.html | title=review (Planet Bollywood) | accessdate=19 December 2013 | archive-date=7 April 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407055634/https://planetbollywood.com/music/daag.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The plot was inspired from the 1991 American film ''[[Regarding Henry]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 22, 1999|first=Anupama|last=Chopra|title=Film review: 'Daag - the Fire', starring Sanjay Dutt, Chandrachur Singh|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19990222-film-review-daag-the-fire-starring-sanjay-dutt-chandrachur-singh-780229-1999-02-22|access-date=2021-08-06|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=6 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806032339/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19990222-film-review-daag-the-fire-starring-sanjay-dutt-chandrachur-singh-780229-1999-02-22|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Former Indian soldier Karan Singh wants to seek revenge for his upright father, Satya Prakash Singh, who was wrongfully jailed. His sentence resulted from a false charge and prosecution by a shrewd lawyer, Ravi Verma, backed by the latter's father-in-law, Singhal.

Kajal is the wife of the corrupt Ravi, who can win almost any court case. During a court case, he falsely accuses and gets a righteous man convicted of corruption, who then commits suicide out of shame. His son, Major Karan, swears revenge. One day, after a party that Kajal and Ravi attend, he fires a pistol directly at Ravi but Kajal, saves her husband using her body as a shield. Karan fires a second time, and Ravi is shot in the spinal cord, loses part of his memory as the doctors diagnose him with 'retrograde amnesia".

In the hospital, Kajal succumbs to her injury. In an attempt to restore Ravi's memory, Singhal requests the help of a street woman, Kajri, who looks exactly like Kajal, to pretend to be Ravi's wife temporarily.

However, the obstinate Karan is still seeking his revenge by stalking Ravi in the hospital and hatches a plan to kill Ravi. Karan and Kajri collect all the evidence that proves Karan's father's innocence. Ravi regains his memory and starts to sympathise with Karan. With the help of Kajri, he promises Karan that once he recovers fully, he will prove to the court that Karan's father was actually innocent but wrongly persecuted, presenting all the proof. Learning of this turn of events, Singhal turns the tables on Ravi.

A significant family feud ensues between Singhal and Ravi. Ravi, with the help of Karan, wins the final court case, and finally, the real perpetrators are placed behind bars (including Singhal, who had instigated this). Ravi and Kajri unite happily, and Karan gives himself up to the police voluntarily and asks Ravi to defend his case in the court.

== Cast ==
*[[Sanjay Dutt]] as Captain Karan Singh
*[[Chandrachur Singh]] as Ravi Verma
*[[Mahima Chaudhry]] - as Kajal Verma (Nee ''Singhal'') / Kajri (Double Role)
*[[Sushma Seth]] as Tai
*[[Shakti Kapoor]] - as Dr. Anand
*[[Sachin Khedekar]] - as Inspector Vinay Kumar
*[[Raj Babbar]] - as Mr. Singhal
*[[Kunickaa Sadanand|Kunika]] - as Nurse Lily
*[[Johnny Lever]]- as Compounder Sunder
*[[Shivaji Satam]] - as Satya Prakash Singh, Karan's father
*[[Mohan Joshi]] as Purushottam Jalan
*[[Harish Patel]] as Bihari
*[[Neha Pendse]] as child

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Daag: The Fire
| type = [[Soundtrack album]]
| artist = [[Rajesh Roshan]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 30 December 1998
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

All songs were composed by [[Rajesh Roshan]] and lyrics by [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]].
"Pardesiya Itna Bata Sajna, "Dil Deewana Na Jaane ( Anuradha Paudwal solo)" was very famous at the time of the movie release. The song "Dil Deewana" borrows its [[charanam]] from "Pehli Pehli Baar Mohabbat Ki Hai" from ''[[Sirf Tum]]'' (1999).<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=Sylvianism |number= 1713460227511624131|title=Engal Veetil (2000) is a photocopy of Dil Deewana (Daag, 1999). But Dil Deewana shares the charanam with Pehli Pehli (Siri Tum, 1999).|first=Sylvian|last=Patrick|author-link=Medium (website)}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1
| "Dil Deewana"
| [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Anuradha Paudwal]]
|-
| 2
| "Piya Lagi Lagan"
| Anuradha Paudwal, [[Jaspinder Narula]]
|-
| 3
| "Dil Deewana Naa Jaane Kab (Female)"
| Anuradha Paudwal
|-
| 4
| "Pardesiya Itna Bata Sajna"
| [[Udit Narayan]], Anuradha Paudwal
|-
| 5
| "Pyar Hamein Pyar Tum"
| Udit Narayan, [[Alka Yagnik]]
|-
| 6
| "Lucky Kabootar"
| [[Sukhwinder Singh]]
|-
| 7
| "Chehra Tera Chehra"
| Kumar Sanu, Anuradha Paudwal
|-
| 8
| "Dil Dhak Dhak Dhadke"
| [[Jaspinder Narula]]
|-
| 9
| "Pyar Hamein Pyar Tum (Instrumental)"
|
|}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' opined that "Sanjay Dutt runs along the fringes of the storyline, making occasional incursions of zero impact. Chandrachur. with his flair and self-assured air puts Sanjay’s laboured outbursts to shame. A few spirited songs by Rajesh Roshan add some spice".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cscsarchive.org/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/6DAFFE93F21EFCB765256941003DC8B0?OpenDocument |title=Cinema Reviews -- Entertainment - Deccan Herald |website=www.cscsarchive.org |access-date=18 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214151332/http://www.cscsarchive.org/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/6DAFFE93F21EFCB765256941003DC8B0?OpenDocument |archive-date=14 February 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0272062|Daag: The Fire}}

[[Category:1999 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1999 films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Rajesh Roshan]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Robin Bhatt]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Akash Khurana]]
[[Category:Films directed by Raj Kanwar]]
[[Category:Films about amnesia]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:1999 action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]

Sumdo, Himachal Pradesh

2026-05-03T06:05:17Z

JeanetteBracegir: Creating A Page - done

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sumdo
| other_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Himachal Pradesh#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Himachal Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|32.0525|78.6062 |region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lahul and Spiti district|Lahul and Spiti]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = Spiti
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 221.92
| elevation_m = 3090
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 598
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=census>{{citation |title=District Census Handbook – Lahul & Spiti |publisher=Director of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesh |year=2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/479/download/1564/DH_2011_0203_PART_B_DCHB_LAHUL_SPITI.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114075305/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/479/download/1564/DH_2011_0203_PART_B_DCHB_LAHUL_SPITI.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2024 |page=110}}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 11
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
}}
'''Sumdo''' is a village in the [[Lahul and Spiti district]], in [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]]. It is at the confluence of the [[Pare Chu]] river with the [[Spiti River]]. Sumdo is close to the border with [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]], the opposite side on the Tibetan side being the [[Tsosib Sumkyil Township]] (Churup Sumkhel).<ref>
[https://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070610/spectrum/main1.htm Spiti: Legend & lore], Spectrum (Tribune India), 10 June 2007.
</ref> China claims the village as part of its [[Tsamda County]], Tibet.

== Geography ==
Sumdo lies in the [[Zanskar Range]] on the bank of the [[Spiti River]] near its confluence with the [[Pare Chu]] river (or Parang River). Pare Chu originates in [[Spiti]] and takes a circuitous route through [[Ladakh]] and Tibet's [[Tsamda County]], finally reentering Spiti at [[Kaurik]], 20 east of Sumdo. It joins the Spiti River at Sumdo, the combined river being called "Li River".

Across the border at Kaurik is the village of Churup (Tsurup), the seat of the [[Tsosib Sumkyil Township]] in [[Tsamda County]] of the [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]] region of China.

== Sino-Indian border dispute ==
In 1847, when the British border commission headed by [[Alexander Cunningham]] went to the Indo-Tibetan border, they were unobustructed till reaching [[Kaurik]], but were prohibited from going beyond. They sent a letter to the governor of [[Gartok]], and followed a circuitous route through Spiti to enter Ladakh. ([[Spiti]] was traditionally part of Ladakh, but it had been recently annexed by British India.){{sfnp|Cunningham, Correspondence of the Commissioners|1848|pp=89–90}}{{sfnp|Kaul, India China Boundary|2003|loc=pp. 55–56: "Thus in Spiti, it is clear, that the boundary ran along the villages of Khyuri [Kaurik], Shaktolb and Chooret."}}

In December 1957, seven years after the [[Chinese annexation of Tibet]], Chinese forces are said to have intruded at Kaurik, for which India lodged a protest. In 1959, after the [[Kongka La incident]], China raised a number of disputes regarding the border, including one at Kaurik.{{sfnp|Verghese, A Reassessment of Indian Policy in Asia|2016|pp=104–105}} However, there have been no clashes at this location till date.

During the 1990s, a joint working group of India and China held multiple meetings and exchanged maps of the "middle sector" of the border in 2000. The Kaurik area, including [[Gue, Himachal Pradesh|Gue]] and Sumdo, was identified as one of the locations where the claims of the two countries overlapped, and the disputed territory was estimated to be {{convert|250|km2}}.{{sfnp|Gupta, The Himalayan Face-off|2014|p=106}}<ref>Sushant Singh, [https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-china-ladakh-border-lac-galwan-6441494/ De-escalation process underway: 2 LAC flashpoints are not in list of identified areas still contested], The Indian Express, 4 June 2020.</ref>

== Transportation ==
Sumdo is served by two national highways—[[National Highway 5 (India)|NH 5]] (Sumdo-[[Nako, Himachal Pradesh|Nako]]-[[Shimla]] Highway) through [[Kinnaur district]] and [[National Highway 505 (India)|NH 505]] (Sumdo-[[Kaza, Himachal Pradesh|Kaza]]-Gramphu-[[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]] highway) through the [[Spiti River]] valley. The latter remains closed for 7 months due to winter snows on the [[Kunzum Pass]] (4,551 m or 14,931 ft).<ref name="kaur1">[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/bro-restores-sumdho-gramphu-road-after-seven-months-258395 BRO restores Sumdho-Gramphu road after seven months], The Tribune, 26 May 2021.</ref> A dual-use airstrip, 100 km to the west, is under construction, scheduled to be completed in 2024.<ref name="ranga1">[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/to-counter-china-nyoma-airfield-in-ladakh-to-be-full-fledged-base-in-2-yrs-467406 To counter China, Nyoma airfield in Ladakh to be full-fledged base in 2 years], The Tribune, 5 Jan 2023.</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Indo-China Border Roads]]
* [[India–China border infrastructure]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

; Sources
* {{citation |title=Correspondence of the Commissioners deputed to the Tibetan Frontier communicated by H. M. Elliot |journal=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal |volume=XVII, Part I |year=1848 |pp=89–132 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofasiatic171asia/page/88 |ref={{sfnref|Cunningham, Correspondence of the Commissioners|1848}}}}
* {{citation |last=Gupta |first=Shishir |title=The Himalayan Face-Off: Chinese Assertion and the Indian Riposte |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Ig5AwAAQBAJ |year=2014 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=978-93-5009-606-2 |ref={{sfnref|Gupta, The Himalayan Face-off|2014}}}}
* {{citation |last=Kaul |first=Hriday Nath |title=India China Boundary in Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hYduAAAAMAAJ |year=2003 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |ISBN=978-81-212-0826-0 |ref={{sfnref|Kaul, India China Boundary|2003}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Verghese |first1=B. G. |title=A Reassessment of Indian Policy in Asia |journal=India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs |volume=17 |issue=2 |year=2016 |pages=103–127 |issn=0974-9284 |doi=10.1177/097492846101700201 |ref={{sfnref|Verghese, A Reassessment of Indian Policy in Asia|2016}}}}

[[Category:Villages in Lahaul and Spiti district]]

Shri Hanumanpura

2026-05-02T00:07:11Z

JeanetteBracegir: Creating Info - done

{{Short description|Village in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shri Hanumanpura
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| pushpin_label_position = Right
| coordinates = {{coord|27.6370|N|73.7887|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bikaner District|Bikaner]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Sub-District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jasrasar]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati Raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 10.07
| population_total = 305
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products__rajasthan.html|title=Census of India : Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 : Rajasthan|last=ORGI}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official Language
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 334802
| registration_plate = RJ-50, RJ-07
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=12 January 2021|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
}}
'''Shri Hanumanpura''' is a village in [[Jasrasar]] Tehsil within the [[Bikaner]] district of the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]].
The villagers primarily rely on [[agriculture]], with many owning their own enterprises.

==Demographics==

As per the [[2011 census of India|2011 Census]], the population numbered 305, including 147 males and 158 females. The Literacy rate was 42.95%.<ref>{{cite web |title= Census of Shri Hanumanpura village. |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/69714-shri-hanumanpura-rajasthan.html |access-date=28 November 2024}}</ref>

100% of the village follows [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population by religious community - Bikaner District |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS}}</ref>

{{Bar box|float=right|title=Religion in Shri Hanumanpura Village (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Rajasthan|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|titlebar=#Fcd117|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|99.8}}
|caption=Distribution of religions in Shri Hanumanpura Village}}

[[Bagri language|Bagri]], a dialect of [[Rajasthani Language|Rajsthani]] is the most spoken language , although the village administration uses [[Hindi Language|Hindi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Languages in Shri Hanumanpura village|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10234/download/13346/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX}}</ref>

{{Pie chart|thumb=left|value1=96|value2=3.9|value3=0.10|color1=yellow|color2=red|color3=Pink|caption=Languages of Shri Hanumanpura village(2011)|label1=[[Bagri language|Bagri]]|label2=[[Hindi]]|label3=[[English Language|English]]}}

==Transport==

Shri Hanumanpura is located near the Sikar-Nokha Highway, [[State Highway 20 (Rajasthan)|SH-20]]. The roads are in good condition. No railway services reaches the village. Inhabitants travel to [[Nokha railway station|Nokha]] or [[Bikaner railway station|Bikaner]] for railway transportation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Overview Of Bikaner Division |url=https://nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1436959747628-An%20Overview%20of%20Bikaner%20Division%20update%20on%20June%202015.pdf |website=nwr.indianrailways.gov.in |access-date=28 November 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

[[Category:Villages in Bikaner district]]
{{improve categories|date=November 2024}}

{{Bikanerdivision-geo-stub}}

Uma (TV series)

2026-05-01T18:07:02Z

JeanetteBracegir: Creating New Info - done

{{Short description|2021 Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Uma serial.jpg
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Sport]]
| creator = Tent Cinema
| based_on =
| developer = Tent Cinema
| writer = '''Dialogues''' {{Plain list|
* Ananya
* Ayan Sengupta
}}
| screenplay = Malova Majumder
| story = {{Plain list|
* Susanta Das
* Sayantani Bhattacharya
}}
| director = Piyush Ghosh Arghya Roy
| creative_director = {{Plain list|
* Susanta Das
* Sayantani Bhattacharya
}}
| starring = {{Plain list|
* [[Shinjinee Chakraborty]]
* [[Neel Bhattacharya]]
}}
| open_theme = "Swapner Tane Chhute Jay Uma"
| end_theme =
| theme_music_composer = Suvam
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| executive_producer = Darshana Das & Ananya Das (Tent Cinema) Paramita, Priyanka Seth & Urbish Bose (Zee Bangla)
| producer = Susanta Das
| editor = Amitabha Bagchi Krishnendu
| cinematography = Paritosh Singh
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = Tent Cinema
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 348
| list_episodes =
| first_aired = {{Start date|2021|09|13|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2022|08|28|df=yes}}
| image_alt =
| network = [[Zee Bangla]]
| related =
}}

'''''Uma''''' is a 2021 [[India]]n [[Bengali Language|Bengali language]] [[sport]] [[drama]] television series broadcast on the Bengali general entertainment channel [[Zee Bangla]]. It stars Shinjinee Chakraborty and [[Neel Bhattacharya]] in the lead roles. Initially it scored very well in TRP charts but later its popularity declined and it was replaced by ''[[Jagaddhatri]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TV Serial: পুজোর আগেই ক্রিকেট খেলবে উমা! সঙ্গী হতে পারেন 'কৃষ্ণকলি'-র 'নিখিল' নীল|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/new-mega-uma-is-coming-soon-dgtl/cid/1291585|access-date=2021-09-14|publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bengali Serial: শ্যামাকে ছেড়ে এবার উমার সঙ্গে নিখিল! 'কৃষ্ণকলি'-র টাইম স্লটেই নতুন মেগা|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/uma-new-bengali-serial-be-telecasted-prime-time-slot-krishnokoli-and-rimli-timing-changes-neel-bhattacharya-speaks-soc-295668-2021-09-08|access-date=2021-09-14|website=Aaj Tak বাংলা|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='কৃষ্ণকলি'-তে নিখিলের পাঠ চুকিয়ে 'উমা'-তে আবির্ভাব নীলের?|url=https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv-news/actor-neel-bhattacharya-all-set-for-his-new-mega-serial-uma/articleshow/84234980.cms|access-date=2021-09-14|website=Ei Samay|language=bn|archive-date=11 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711032846/https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv-news/actor-neel-bhattacharya-all-set-for-his-new-mega-serial-uma/articleshow/84234980.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-13|title='কৃষ্ণকলি'-র নিখিল কোথায় গেলেন? সে প্রশ্নের উত্তর দিলেন 'উমা'-র অভিমন্যু|url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/entertainment/neel-bhattacharya-shares-experience-of-his-new-serial-uma-arc-658117.html|access-date=2021-09-14|website=News18 Bengali|language=bn}}</ref> It was premiered on 13 September 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=riya.das|title=চোখে ক্রিকেটার হওয়ার স্বপ্ন, সাধারণ মেয়ের অদ্যম লড়াইয়ের কঠোর পরিশ্রমের গল্প বলবে 'উমা'|url=https://bangla.asianetnews.com/bengali-cinema/new-bengali-mega-serial-uma-is-coming-on-13-th-september-on-zee-bangla-brd-qzd4c9|access-date=2021-09-14|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='কৃষ্ণকলি'র জায়গা কেড়ে নিল 'উমা', ক্ষুব্ধ শ্যামার ফ্যানেরা|url=https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv-news/uma-a-new-bengali-serial-will-be-telecast-on-krishnakoli-serial-slot/articleshow/86058125.cms|access-date=2021-09-14|website=Ei Samay|language=bn|archive-date=14 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914114327/https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv-news/uma-a-new-bengali-serial-will-be-telecast-on-krishnakoli-serial-slot/articleshow/86058125.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-07|title=কৃষ্ণকলির জায়গা নিচ্ছে উমা! ধারাবাহিক শুরুর আগেই বয়কটের ডাক দিলেন শ্যামার অনুগামীরা|url=https://www.bharatbarta.com/uma-is-taking-the-place-of-krishnakali-angry-netizens-called-for-a-boycott-of-the-serial-before-it-started/|access-date=2021-09-14|website=Bharat Barta|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uma: দুর্গাপুজোর আগেই ঘরে আসছে উমা|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bengali/west-bengal/sitara/tv-and-theater/new-bengali-tv-serial-uma-is-coming-in-this-month/wb20210907203018156|access-date=2021-09-14|website=ETV Bharat News|date=7 September 2021 }}</ref> The series is produced by Tent Cinema.

==Plot==
The story revolves around Uma who dreams of becoming a [[cricket]]<nowiki/>er but is forced to give up on her dream due to familial obligations. However, her passion for the game and her husband Abhimanyu's constant motivation push her to realize her ambition and start playing cricket again.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-07-08|title=ক্রিকেটপ্রেমী মেয়ের গপ্পো বলবে 'উমা', শুনবেন নীল ভট্টাচার্য্য!|url=https://banglahunt.com/zee-bangla-new-serial-uma-neel-to-join-cast/|access-date=2021-09-14|website=Bangla Hunt|language=bn}}</ref>

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Shinjinee Chakraborty as Uma Acharya (née Das) - a cricketer, Abhi's wife, Aliya's former assistant, Sunanda and Sutapa's daughter, Soma's younger sister and Chumki's elder sister<ref>{{cite news |title=ছোটপর্দায় আসছে মহিলা ক্রিকেটারের লড়াইয়ের গল্প, 'উমা'য় নাম ভূমিকায় শিঞ্জিনী |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/new-bengali-tv-show-uma-to-narrate-the-story-of-a-female-hawker-who-want-s-to-be-a-cricketer-promo-out-now-31625727151812.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708072918/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/new-bengali-tv-show-uma-to-narrate-the-story-of-a-female-hawker-who-want-s-to-be-a-cricketer-promo-out-now-31625727151812.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 July 2021 |work=Hindustan Times Bangla |date=8 July 2021 |language=bn}}</ref>
* [[Neel Bhattacharya]] as Abhimanyu Acharya aka Abhi - a social worker and helper, Uma's husband, Aliya's former fiancé, Amrita and Ambarish's son, Anurag and Rikhiya's younger brother and Ishita's brother-in-law<ref>{{cite news |title=Neel Bhattacharya: একসঙ্গে দু'টি লিড |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/neel-bhattacharya-in-two-lead-roles-for-two-bengali-serials/cid/1300149 |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=25 August 2021|language=bn}}</ref>

===Recurring===
* [[Bhaskar Banerjee]] as Sunando Das: A pitch curator; Soma, Chumki and Uma's father and Sutapa's husband; Arabinda and Abhimanyu's father-in-law.
* [[Soma Banerjee]] as Sutapa Das: A housewife; Soma, Chumki and Uma's mother; late Sunando's wife; Arabinda and Abhimanyu's mother-in-law.
* Juiee Sarkar as Soma: Uma and Chumki's elder sister; Sutapa and late Sunando's eldest daughter; Arabinda's wife; Abhimanyu's elder sister-in-law.
* Debopriya Basu as Chumki Das aka Chutki: Uma and Soma's younger sister; late Sutapa and late Sunando's youngest daughter; Arabinda and Abhimanyu's younger sister-in-law.
* [[Shritama Mitra]] as Aliya Acharya (née Bose): a renowned cricketer; Abhi's love interest and close friend; Tarulata and Sanjay's daughter; Rudra's wife; Himadri's daughter-in-law. (Hanged)
* Sourya Bhattacharya as Rudra Acharya: Himadri's son; Anurag, Rikhiya, and Abhimanyu's paternal cousin brother; Aliya's husband; Tarulata and Sanjay's son-in-law.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sourya Bhattacharya joins the cast of TV show 'Uma'; says, "Looking forward to this new journey" - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/sourya-bhattacharya-joins-the-cast-of-tv-show-uma-says-looking-forward-to-this-new-journey/articleshow/90706309.cms |access-date=2022-05-31 |website=The Times of India|date=7 April 2022 }}</ref>
* Maitreyee Mitra as Amrita Acharya: Anurag, Rikhiya and Abhimanyu's mother, Ishita and Uma's mother-in-law, Ambarish's wife; Suktara, Himadri, Sekhor, and Piu's eldest sister-in-law.
* [[Bharat Kaul]] as Ambarish Acharya: Anurag, Rikhiya and Abhimanyu's father, Ishita and Uma's father-in-law, Amrita's husband; Suktara, Himadri, Sekhor, and Piu's eldest brother.
* Subhosree Chakraborty as Rikhiya Acharya: Ambarish and Amrita's daughter; Anurag's younger sister; Abhimanyu's elder sister; Uma's elder sister-in-law.
* Vivaan Ghosh as Anurag Acharya aka Ani: Ishita's husband; Amrita and Ambarish's eldest son; Rikhiya and Abhimanyu's elder brother; Uma's elder brother-in-law; Mishti's father.
* [[Manasi Sengupta]] / [[Sudipta Banerjee]] / [[Tania Kar]] as Ishita Acharya: Anurag's wife; Rikhiya, Abhimanyu and Nandana's sister-in-law; Amrita and Ambarish's daughter-in-law; Mishti's mother.
* [[Avery Singha Roy]] as Joyeeta Acharya: Anurag, Rikhiya, and Abhimanyu's aunt; Sekhor's wife; Nandana's mother.
* [[Diganta Bagchi]] as Sekhor Acharya: Anurag, Rikhiya, and Abhimanyu's uncle; Joyeeta's husband; Nandana's father.
* Shriti Singh as Nandana Acharya: Anurag, Rikhiya, and Abhimanyu's younger paternal cousin sister; Joyeeta and Sekhor's only daughter.
* [[Amitabh Bhattacharjee]] as Himadri Acharya: Anurag, Rikhiya, and Abhimanyu's uncle.
* Basanti Chatterjee as Priyamvada Acharya: Anurag, Rikhiya, and Abhimanyu's grandmother; Ambarish, Suktara, Himadri, Sekhor and Piu's mother
* Chandicharan as Brahmapada Acharya: Anurag, Rikhiya, and Abhimanyu's grandfather; Priyamvada's husband; Ambarish, Suktara, Himadri, Sekhor and Piu's father.
* Nibedita Mukherjee as Suktara Gupta (née Acharya): Anurag, Rikhiya, and Abhimanyu's aunt; Somobroto's wife. She is a mother-figure to Abhi but Uma had a sour relation with her, which has absolutely changed.
* Surojit Banerjee as Somobroto Gupta: Anurag, Rikhiya, and Abhimanyu's uncle; Suktara's husband
* [[Reshmi Sen]] as Tarulata Bose: Sanjay's wife, Aliya's mother, Rudra's mother-in-law.
* Arindam Banerjee as Sanjay Bose: A corrupted politician; Tarulata's husband, Aliya's father, Rudra's father-in-law.
* [[Rimjhim Gupta]] as Swastika Chakrabarty (née Acharya) aka Piu: Anurag, Rikhiya, and Abhimanyu's aunt - Tapas's wife.
* Koushik Bhattacharya as Tapas Chakraborty : Anurag, Rikhiya, and Abhimanyu's uncle - Piu's husband.
* Chandraneev Mukherjee as Aurobindo: Abhimanyu's friend, Soma's husband, Uma and Chumki's brother-in-law.
* Dia Karmakar as Priya: Aliya's friend and Uma's rival.
* Rajiv Bose as Vikram Deb Chowdhury: A Financier and businessman.

== Reception ==
=== TRP ratings ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Week
! rowspan="2" | Year
! colspan="2" | [[Broadcast Audience Research Council|BARC]] Viewership
! rowspan="2" | Ref.
|-
! [[Target Rating Point|TRP]]
! Rank
|-
|Week 37
|2021
|8.7
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-23|title=TRP: সেরার সেরা 'মিঠাই'! শুরুতেই বাজিমাত 'উমা'-র, বিপুল পরিবর্তন বাকি মেগার স্কোরে|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-37th-week-mithai-remains-topper-aparajita-apu-uma-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-television-soc-299797-2021-09-23|access-date=|website=Aaj Tak বাংলা|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 38
|2021
|8.1
|3
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TRP তালিকা: আরও কমল 'সর্বজয়া', 'খড়কুটো'র রেটিং; বাজিমাত 'উমা'র, সেরা 'মিঠাই'|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-38-sarbajaya-and-khorjuto-s-trp-dropped-again-uma-continues-to-win-heart-mithai-tops-the-chart-31632994722229.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930115107/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-38-sarbajaya-and-khorjuto-s-trp-dropped-again-uma-continues-to-win-heart-mithai-tops-the-chart-31632994722229.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 September 2021 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] Bangla |date=30 September 2021 |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 39
|2021
|7.6
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-07|title=TRP: শীর্ষে 'মিঠাই'! অপুকে ফেলে এগিয়ে যমুনা, বাজিমাত 'দাদাগিরি'-র|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-39th-week-mithai-remains-topper-jamuna-dhaki-uma-korunamoyee-rani-rashmoni-top-three-dadagiri-unlimited-scores-well-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-television-soc-303444-2021-10-07|access-date=|website=Aaj Tak বাংলা|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 40
|2021
|7.7
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-14|title=TRP তালিকা: বিয়েতেই বাজিমাত! প্রথমবার চ্যানেল সেরা 'মন ফাগুন', শীর্ষে সেই মিঠাই|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-40-mon-phagun-enters-top-five-for-the-first-time-mithai-continues-to-rule-the-chart-31634201270980.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014092412/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-40-mon-phagun-enters-top-five-for-the-first-time-mithai-continues-to-rule-the-chart-31634201270980.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 October 2021|access-date=|website=Hindustantimes Bangla|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 41
|2021
|7.4
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-21|title=TRP: 'মিঠাই'-কে কড়া চ্যালেঞ্জ জানাচ্ছে 'যমুনা ঢাকি', আরও কমল 'সর্বজয়া'র রেটিং|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-41-jamuna-dhaki-giving-tough-competition-to-mithai-mon-phagun-out-of-top-5-race-31634806349301.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021094009/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-41-jamuna-dhaki-giving-tough-competition-to-mithai-mon-phagun-out-of-top-5-race-31634806349301.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 October 2021|access-date=|website=Hindustantimes Bangla|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 42
|2021
|8.1
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-28|title=TRP List: শীর্ষ স্থান বহাল 'মিঠাই'-র! জোর টক্কর দিয়ে ব্যবধান কমাল 'যমুনা ঢাকি'|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-42nd-week-mithai-top-position-jamuna-dhaki-uma-korunamoyee-rani-rashmoni-aparajita-apu-top-four-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-television-soc-308942-2021-10-28|access-date=|website=Aaj Tak বাংলা|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 43
|2021
|8.1
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-08|title=TRP: নয়া রেকর্ড 'মিঠাই'-র! চমক দিয়ে জোর টক্কর যমুনা- সর্বজয়ার|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-43rd-week-mithai-top-position-jamuna-dhaki-sharbojoya-uma-top-four-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-television-soc-312071-2021-11-08|access-date=|website=Aaj Tak বাংলা|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 44
|2021
|7.9
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-11|title=TRP তালিকা: চ্যানেল সেরা 'খুকুমণি', মিঠাই-এর নম্বর কমল,প্রথম ১০-এ নেই 'খড়কুটো'!|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-44-khukumoni-home-delivery-claims-spot-in-top-4-mithai-continue-to-dominate-the-list-31636622909797.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111101204/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-44-khukumoni-home-delivery-claims-spot-in-top-4-mithai-continue-to-dominate-the-list-31636622909797.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 November 2021|access-date=|website=Hindustantimes Bangla|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 45
|2021
|8.6
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-18|title=TRP: 'মিঠাই'-কে জোড় টক্কর 'উমা', 'যমুনা ঢাকি'-র! সেরা দশে হাড্ডাহাড্ডি লড়াই ৪ মেগার|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-45th-week-mithai-top-position-uma-jamuna-dhaki-sharbojoya-top-four-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-television-soc-315058-2021-11-18|access-date=|website=Aaj Tak বাংলা|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 46
|2021
|9.3
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-25|title=TRP: আরও নম্বর বাড়ল 'মিঠাই'-র! চমক দিল 'বরণ', ফিকে 'মন ফাগুন' -র প্রেমের ম্যাজিক|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-46th-week-mithai-scores-top-position-uma-aparajita-apu-jamuna-dhaki-sharbojoya-top-four-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-television-soc-317249-2021-11-25|access-date=|website=Aaj Tak বাংলা|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 47
|2021
|8.6
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-02|title=TRP: এবারও সেরা 'মিঠাই'! 'উমা'- 'অপু'দের টক্কর দিয়ে বাজিমাত করল 'খুকুমণি'|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-47th-week-mithai-khukumoni-home-delivery-uma-aparajita-apu-top-four-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-television-soc-319446-2021-12-02|access-date=|website=Aaj Tak বাংলা|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 48
|2021
|9.0
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-09|title=TRP: রেকর্ড গড়ে শীর্ষে 'মিঠাই'! বাজিমাত করল 'সহচরী', জোড় টক্কর তিন মেগার|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-48th-week-mithai-top-position-jamuna-dhaki-khukumoni-home-delivery-uma-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-television-soc-321520-2021-12-09|access-date=|website=Aaj Tak বাংলা|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 49
|2021
|9.5
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-16|title=TRP List: সেরা দশে নেই 'খড়কুটো', 'শ্রীময়ী', রাজপাট বজায় রাখল মিঠাই, খুকুমণিরা|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-50-mithai-continues-to-win-hearts-of-bengali-tv-audience-sreemoyee-khorkuto-fails-to-make-a-mark-31639639902304.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216080930/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-50-mithai-continues-to-win-hearts-of-bengali-tv-audience-sreemoyee-khorkuto-fails-to-make-a-mark-31639639902304.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 December 2021|access-date=|website=Hindustantimes Bangla|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 50
|2021
|9.3
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-23|title=TRP: এবারও সেরা 'মিঠাই'! কেমন স্কোর অপু, যমুনাদের?|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-50th-week-mithai-top-position-jamuna-dhaki-uma-khukumoni-home-delivery-aparajita-apu-top-five-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-television-soc-325952-2021-12-23|access-date=|website=Aaj Tak বাংলা|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 51
|2021
|8.9
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-30|title=বছরের শেষ TRP তালিকা, শুরুতেই বাজিমাত 'গাঁটছড়া'র, মিঠাইকে ধরে ফেললো 'খুকুমণি'?|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-51-mithai-holds-onto-number-1-spot-gantchora-enters-top-four-in-first-week-31640851034983.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230110620/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-51-mithai-holds-onto-number-1-spot-gantchora-enters-top-four-in-first-week-31640851034983.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 December 2021|access-date=|website=Hindustantimes Bangla|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 52
|2021
|9.3
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=সংবাদদাতা|first=নিজস্ব|date=2022-01-06|title=TV Serial: 'বছরসেরা' হয়েও উদ্বেগে 'মিঠাই'! নম্বরের পার্থক্য কমিয়ে দ্বিতীয় 'খুকুমণি'|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/mithai-is-the-bengal-topper-tv-serial-in-the-new-year-gantchora-is-in-third-position-dgtl/cid/1322254|access-date=|website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 1
|2022
|10.2
|2
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TV Serial: একই নম্বর পেয়ে দ্বিতীয় 'উমা', 'খুকুমণি'! জোড়া আক্রমণে অসহায় 'মিঠাই' |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/mithai-facing-tough-competition-from-uma-and-khukumani-dgtl/cid/1323352 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=13 January 2022|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 2
|2022
|9.3
|2
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Priyanka |title=TRP তালিকা: প্রথম সপ্তাহেই বাজিমাত 'আলতা ফড়িং'-এর, ফের কমলো মিঠাই-এর নম্বর! |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-2-2022-alta-phoring-claims-third-spot-on-opening-week-mithai-holds-onto-number-1-spot-but-losses-some-more-pints-31642663955018.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120084141/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-2-2022-alta-phoring-claims-third-spot-on-opening-week-mithai-holds-onto-number-1-spot-but-losses-some-more-pints/amp-31642663955018.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 January 2022 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] Bangla |date=20 January 2022 |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 3
|2022
|8.9
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-28|title=TRP List: শীর্ষস্থান হাতছাড়া হল 'মিঠাই'-এর? ঋষি-পিহুর ম্যাজিকের সামনে ফিকে সকলে!|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-3-2022-mithai-magic-continues-to-woo-audience-mon-phagun-and-gantchora-claims-number-2-spot-31643354603692.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128102819/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-3-2022-mithai-magic-continues-to-woo-audience-mon-phagun-and-gantchora-claims-number-2-spot/amp-31643354603692.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 January 2022|access-date=|website=Hindustan Times Bangla|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 4
|2022
|8.3
|6
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=TRP: অবিশ্বাস্য! শীর্ষে 'গাঁটছড়া', 'আলতা ফড়িং', কোন স্থানে 'মিঠাই'?|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-4th-week-mithai-gantchhora-aalta-phoring-top-position-mon-phagun-dhulokona-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-television-soc-340320-2022-02-03|access-date=2022-02-04|website=Aaj Tak বাংলা|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 5
|2022
|7.3
|9
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-10|title=TRP তালিকা: বিরাট অঘটন! এক থেকে সোজা পাঁচে নেমে গেল 'মিঠাই', কারা করল বাজিমাত?|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-5-mithai-slips-to-5th-spot-from-number-1-position-gatchora-tops-the-chart-31644476170138.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210075104/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-5-mithai-slips-to-5th-spot-from-number-1-position-gatchora-tops-the-chart-31644476170138.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 February 2022|access-date=|website=Hindustantimes Bangla|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 6
|2022
|7.4
|7
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-17|title=TRP তালিকা: ফের ব্যর্থ মিঠাই! গাঁটছড়া না মন ফাগুন, শীর্ষস্থান দখল করল কে?|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-6-2022-gaatchora-holds-onto-number-1-position-mithai-jumps-to-third-place-31645081198149.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217074611/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-6-2022-gaatchora-holds-onto-number-1-position-mithai-jumps-to-third-place-31645081198149.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-17|website=Hindustantimes Bangla|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 7
|2022
|7.6
|8
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-24|title=TRP তালিকা: সেরার মুকুট ফের হাতছাড়া 'মিঠাই'-এর! বড়সড় চমক টিআরপি তালিকায়|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-7-2022-mithai-jumps-one-place-to-become-number-2-gaatchora-remains-bengal-topper-31645684359314.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224090703/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-7-2022-mithai-jumps-one-place-to-become-number-2-gaatchora-remains-bengal-topper-31645684359314.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 February 2022|access-date=|website=Hindustantimes Bangla|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 8
|2022
|7.2
|9
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=TRP: সেরা 'গাঁটছড়া', নম্বর কমল 'মিঠাই'-র! দারুণ ব্যাটিং করল 'লক্ষ্মী কাকিমা...' |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-8th-week-gantchhora-aalta-phoring-mithai-dhulokona-lokkhi-kakima-superstar-top-five-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-television-soc-349945-2022-03-03 |access-date=2022-03-05 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 9
|2022
|7.2
|9
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TV Serial: 'গাঁটছড়া' বাংলা সেরা! 'ফুলঝুরি'-র সহমরণের ইচ্ছে বেকায়দায় ফেলেছে 'মিঠাই'কে? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/gantchhora-grabs-first-position-in-the-trp-fight-mithai-is-gradually-losing-its-fanbase-dgtl/cid/1332964 |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 10
|2022
|7.9
|8
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TV Serial: নম্বর কমেছে 'গাঁটছড়া'র! 'মিঠাই' কি ফের হারানো জায়গা ফিরে পাচ্ছে? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/gantchora-has-slipped-down-the-rating-chart-while-mithai-climbs-up-again-dgtl/cid/1334093 |access-date=17 March 2022 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 11
|2022
|8.1
|7
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-24 |title=TRP: এগিয়ে এল 'মিঠাই', সেরার জায়গা হারাল 'গাঁটছড়া'? এ কী হাল 'মন ফাগুন'-এর |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-11-2022-gaatchora-still-holds-no-1-position-mithai-made-it-to-the-top-2-and-mon-phagun-slip-to-4th-position-31648103708451.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326035523/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-11-2022-gaatchora-still-holds-no-1-position-mithai-made-it-to-the-top-2-and-mon-phagun-slip-to-4th-position-31648103708451.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 March 2022 |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 12
|2022
|8.5
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-31 |title=TRP তালিকা: অপ্রতিরোধ্য 'গাঁটছড়া', গোধূলি আলাপ-কে শুরুতেই রিজেক্ট করল দর্শক! |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-gaatchora-tops-the-chart-again-godhuli-alap-fails-to-impress-audience-on-first-week-31648707066271.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401033806/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-gaatchora-tops-the-chart-again-godhuli-alap-fails-to-impress-audience-on-first-week-31648707066271.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 April 2022 |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 13
|2022
|8.0
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=TRP: ফের শীর্ষে 'মিঠাই', চমক 'অনুরাগের ছোঁয়া'-র! কত নম্বরে 'গাঁটছড়া'? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-13th-week-mithai-gantchhora-aalta-phoring-anurager-chhowa-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-361725-2022-04-07 |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 14
|2022
|7.6
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=TRP: নম্বর কমল 'মিঠাই', 'গাঁটছড়া'-র! চমক দিল 'গৌরী', কে কোন স্থানে? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-14th-week-mithai-gantchhora-gouri-elo-anurager-chhowa-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-364047-2022-04-14 |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 15
|2022
|6.4
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=TRP: শীর্ষ স্থান হারাল 'মিঠাই'! চমক দিল 'ধুলোকণা', কত স্কোর 'গাঁটছড়া'-র? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-15th-week-gantchhora-dhulokona-mithai-aalta-phoring-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-366340-2022-04-21 |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 16
|2022
|6.9
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=TRP: বিরাট রদবদল! শীর্ষে নেই 'মিঠাই'-'গাঁটছড়া', দারুণ ব্যাটিং 'ধুলোকণা'-র |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-16th-week-dhulokona-mithai-gantchhora-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-368590-2022-04-28 |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 17
|2022
|6.2
|7
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=TRP: এবারও শীর্ষে নেই 'মিঠাই! ছক্কা মারল 'গাঁটছড়া' না 'ধুলোকণা'? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-17th-week-dhulokona-gantchhora-mithai-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-371189-2022-05-06 |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 18
|2022
|6.4
|6
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=TRP: শীর্ষ স্থানে নেই 'ধুলোকণা'! শুরুতেই বাজিমাত 'লালকুঠি'-র, সেরা 'মিঠাই না 'গাঁটছড়া'? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-18th-week-gantchhora-mithai-dhulokona-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-373245-2022-05-12 |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=Aaj Tak Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 19
|2022
|6.6
|6
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TRP: চমক দিয়ে সেরা দশে রয়েছে ১৭ মেগা! শীর্ষ স্থান দখল করল কে? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-19th-week-gantchhora-mithai-dhulokona-gouri-elo-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-375509-2022-05-19 |access-date=19 May 2022 |work=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 20
|2022
|5.9
|9
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TRP: অনেকটা নম্বর কমল 'ধুলোকণা'-র! জোর টক্কর দিয়ে সেরা 'মিঠাই' না 'গাঁটছড়া'?
|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-20th-week-gantchhora-mithai-dhulokona-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-377778-2022-05-26 |access-date=26 May 2022 |work=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 21
|2022
|5.6
|10
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TRP: নম্বর বেড়ে আরও হাড্ডাহাড্ডি লড়াই খড়ি- মিঠাইদের! কে সেরার সেরা? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-21st-week-gantchhora-mithai-dhulokona-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-week-soc-380015-2022-06-02 |access-date=2022-06-02 |work=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 22
|2022
|5.9
|7
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TRP: শীর্ষে 'মিঠাই'! চমক দিল 'মন ফাগুন', ব্যাপক রদবদল রেটিং চার্টে |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-22nd-week-mithai-mon-phagun-gantchhora-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-382247-2022-06-09 |access-date=2022-06-09 |work=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 23
|2022
|6.0
|7
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TRP: নম্বর কমল 'মিঠাই', 'গাঁটছড়া'-র! চমক দিয়ে দারুণ স্কোর করল 'গৌরী এলো'
|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-23rd-week-mithai-gantchhora-gouri-elo-dhulokona-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-384489-2022-06-16 |access-date=2022-06-16 |work=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 24
|2022
|6.5
|6
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TRP:বিরাট চমক রেটিং চার্টে! শীর্ষে 'আলতা ফড়িং', কেমন স্কোর মিঠাই- খড়িদের?
|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-24th-week-mithai-aalta-phoring-gantchhora-gouri-elo-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-386799-2022-06-23 |access-date=2022-06-23 |work=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 25
|2022
|6.5
|8
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TRP: চমক দিয়ে শীর্ষে 'ধুলোকণা'! এক ঢাক্কায় অনেকটা নামল 'মিঠাই'
|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-25th-week-dhulokona-gantchhora-mithai-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-419360-2022-06-30 |access-date=2022-06-30 |work=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 26
|2022
|6.3
|7
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TRP: বিরাট নম্বর কমে অনেক পিছনে 'মিঠাই'! সেরার সেরা 'ধুলোকণা' |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-26th-week-dhulokona-gantchhora-aalta-phoring-gouri-elo-mithai-lokkhi-kakima-superstar-top-five-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-422003-2022-07-07
|access-date=2022-07-07 |work=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 27
|2022
|6.0
|7
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TRP: চমক 'লক্ষ্মী কাকিমা'-র! প্রথম দশে ১৫ মেগা... মিঠাই, খড়ি, ফুলঝুরিদের স্কোর কত? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-27th-week-dhulokona-lokkhi-kakima-superstar-gouri-elo-mithai-gantchhora-gouri-elo-aalta-phoring-top-four-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-424566-2022-07-14 |access-date=2022-07-14 |work=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 28
|2022
|6.2
|7
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TRP: 'মিঠাই', 'গাঁটছড়া'-কে পিছনে ফেলে শীর্ষে 'লক্ষ্মী কাকিমা...!' বিরাট পরিবর্তন রেটিং চার্টে |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-28th-week-lokkhi-kakima-superstar-dhulokona-aalta-phoring-mithai-top-four-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-427051-2022-07-21 |access-date=2022-07-21 |work=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 29
|2022
|6.2
|7
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TRP: লক্ষ্মীকে টেক্কা দিয়ে শীর্ষে 'মিঠাই'! বিরাট রদবদল রেটিং চার্টে
|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-29th-week-mithai-lokkhi-kakima-superstar-gantchhora-gouri-elo-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-429629-2022-07-28 |access-date=2022-07-28 |work=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 30
|2022
|5.8
|9
|<ref>{{cite news |title= TRP: লক্ষ্মীকে পিছনে ফেলে পুরনো ফর্মে 'মিঠাই'! রেটিং চার্টে কোন মেগার স্কোর কত? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-30th-week-mithai-lokkhi-kakima-superstar-aalta-phoring-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-432128-2022-08-04 |access-date=2022-08-04 |work= Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 31
|2022
|6.2
|6
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TRP: শীর্ষে 'মিঠাই', লক্ষ্মীকে পিছনে ফেলে এগিয়ে 'গাঁটছড়া'! রেটিং চার্টে প্রথম দশে ১৫ মেগা |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-31st-week-mithai-gantchhora-lokkhi-kakima-superstar-aalta-phoring-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-434599-2022-08-11 |access-date=2022-08-11 |work= Aaj Tak বাংলা|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 32
|2022
|6.5
|7
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TRP: ফের হাড্ডাহাড্ডি লড়াই 'মিঠাই'- 'গাঁটছড়া'র! সেরার সেরা কে? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-32nd-week-mithai-gantchhora-gouri-elo-aalta-phoring-lokkhi-kakima-superstar-top-five-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-437459-2022-08-19 |access-date=19 August 2022 |work=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 33
|2022
|6.4
|7
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TRP: দারুণ স্কোর 'মিঠাই'-র! গৌরী, ফড়িংদের ঝুলিতে কত নম্বর? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-33rd-week-mithai-gouri-elo-aalta-phoring-gantchhora-top-four-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-439741-2022-08-25 |access-date=25 August 2022 |work=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 34
|2022
|6.7
|7
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TRP: হাড্ডাহাড্ডি লড়াই মিঠাই- গৌরীর! এই সপ্তাহে সেরার সেরা কে? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-34th-week-mithai-gouri-elo-gantchhora-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-442767-2022-09-02 |access-date=2 September 2022 |work=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/uma/0-6-3493 ''Uma''] at [[ZEE5]]

{{Zee Bangla}}

[[Category:Bengali-language television programming in India]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Zee Bangla original programming]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series endings]]

2023 Kolkata Knight Riders season

2026-04-27T04:40:25Z

JeanetteBracegir: Creating Some Pg W/ Sources

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= February 2023}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = Kolkata Knight Riders
| image =
| season = [[2023 Indian Premier League|2023]]
| coach = [[Chandrakant Pandit]]
| coachtitle = Coach
| captain = [[Nitish Rana]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Nitish Rana to captain KKR in place of injured Shreyas Iyer |url=https://www.kkr.in/news/nitish-rana-named-captain-of-kkr |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=KKR.IN |language=en}}</ref>

| captaintitle = Captain
| overseas =
| overseastitle =
| ground = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| comp1 = [[2023 Indian Premier League]]
| comp1 result =7th
| comp2 =
| comp2 result =
| most runs =[[Rinku Singh (cricketer)|Rinku Singh]] (474)
| most wickets =[[Varun Chakravarthy]] (20)
| most catches =
| most dismissals =
| prevseason = [[Kolkata Knight Riders in 2022|2022]]
| nextseason = [[Kolkata Knight Riders in 2024|2024]]
}}

The 2023 cricket season was the 16th season for the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) franchise [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] (KKR). The franchise had won the IPL title twice in [[2012 Indian Premier League|2012]] and [[2014 Indian Premier League|2014]] .<ref name="IPl-Schedule. net">{{cite web|url = http://www.ipl-schedule.net/ipl-2012-final-kolkata-knight-riders-win-ipl-5-beat-chennai-super-kings/|title = Kolkata Knight Riders win IPL 5, beat Chennai Super Kings|date = 29 March 2012|access-date = 13 October 2012|archive-date = 2 June 2012|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120602070808/http://www.ipl-schedule.net/ipl-2012-final-kolkata-knight-riders-win-ipl-5-beat-chennai-super-kings/|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Records / Twenty20 matches / Team records / Most consecutive wins|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/305308.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2 October 2014}}</ref> The franchise had also qualified for the playoffs for three consecutive years in [[2016 Indian Premier League|2016]], [[2017 Indian Premier League|2017]] and [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018]] as well as in [[2021 Indian Premier League|2021]], when they were the [[2021 Indian Premier League final|runners up]]. In 2023, KKR failed to qualify for the playoffs for the second season in a row, finishing in the seventh place.

==Background==
The team retained four players from the 2022 season ahead of the 2023 Auction<ref>{{cite web|title=IPL auction set for December 23 in Kochi|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=15 November 2022|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-auction-set-for-december-23-in-kochi-1344093}}</ref>
;Retained: [[Shreyas Iyer]], [[Andre Russell]], [[Varun Chakravarthy]], [[Venkatesh Iyer]], [[Sunil Narine]], [[Nitish Rana]], [[Umesh Yadav]], [[Tim Southee]], [[Anukul Roy]], [[Rinku Singh (cricketer)|Rinku Singh]], [[Harshit Rana]]

; Released: [[Pat Cummins]], [[Shivam Mavi]], [[Sam Billings]], [[Aaron Finch]], [[Alex Hales]], [[Ajinkya Rahane]], [[Mohammad Nabi]], [[Sheldon Jackson (cricketer)|Sheldon Jackson]], Ashok Sharma, [[Chamika Karunaratne]], [[Abhijeet Tomar]], [[Baba Indrajith]], [[Pratham Singh]], [[Ramesh Kumar (cricketer)|Ramesh Kumar]], [[Rasikh Salam Dar]]

; Trade: [[Shardul Thakur]], [[Lockie Ferguson]], [[Rahmanullah Gurbaz]]

== Squad ==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''
* Ages given as of 31 March 2023, the date of the first match of the season
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
!No.
!Name
!Nationality
!Birth date
!Batting style
!Bowling style
!Year signed
!Salary
!Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batters
|-
| || [[Aarya Desai]]|| {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|2003|04|03|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
| 1 || '''[[Mandeep Singh]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1991|12|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} ||
|-
| 27 || '''[[Nitish Rana]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1993|12|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|8|c}}||
|-
| 41 || '''[[Shreyas Iyer]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1994|12|6|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|12.25|c}} || Unavailable due to back injury
|-
| 20 || '''[[Jason Roy]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1990|07|21|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.8|c}} || Overseas Replacement of Shakib Al Hasan
|-
| 35 || [[Rinku Singh (cricketer)|Rinku Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1997|10|12|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|55|l}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
| 16 || '''[[Litton Das]]''' || {{cr|BAN}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1994|10|13|df=y}} || Right-handed || || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} || Overseas Unavailable due to personal reason
|-
| 18 || [[Narayan Jagadeesan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1995|12|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|90|l}} ||
|-
| 21 || '''[[Rahmanullah Gurbaz]]''' || {{cr|AFG|2013}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|2001|11|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} || Overseas Unavailable due to personal reason
|-
| || '''[[Johnson Charles]]''' || {{cr|WIN}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1989|01|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Slow left-arm orthodox|orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} || Overseas Replacement of Litton Das
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
| 96 || '''[[David Wiese]]''' || {{cr|NAM}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1985|05|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 75 || '''[[Shakib Al Hasan]]''' || {{cr|BAN}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1987|4|24|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Slow left-arm orthodox|orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.5|c}} || Overseas Unavailable due to personal reason
|-
| 12 || '''[[Andre Russell]]''' || {{cr|WIN}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1988|4|29|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|12|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 54 || '''[[Shardul Thakur]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1991|10|16|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10.75|c}} ||
|-
| 25 || '''[[Venkatesh Iyer]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1994|12|25|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|8|c|}} ||
|-
| 6 || [[Anukul Roy]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1998|11|30|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Slow left-arm orthodox|orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Spin bowlers
|-
| 74 || '''[[Sunil Narine]]''' || {{cr|WIN}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1988|5|26|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2012 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|6|c}} || Overseas [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]
|-
|-
| 29 || '''[[Varun Chakravarthy]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1991|8|29|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg spin]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|8|c}} ||
|-
| 05 || [[Suyash Sharma]]|| {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|2003|5|15|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg spin]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Pace bowlers
|-
| 19 || '''[[Umesh Yadav]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1987|10|25|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|c}} ||
|-
| 38 || '''[[Tim Southee]]''' || {{cr|NZL}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1988|12|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.5|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 69 || '''[[Lockie Ferguson]]''' || {{cr|NZL}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1991|6|13|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 136 || [[Kulwant Khejroliya]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1992|3|13|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
| 14 || [[Vaibhav Arora]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|1997|12|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|60|l}} ||
|-
| 22 || [[Harshit Rana]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2023|03|31|2001|12|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|}
*Source: Kolkata Knight Riders<ref>[http://www.kolkataknightriders.com/module/news/html/team-page.html KKR Players]{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Administration and support staff==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Position
!Name
|-
|CEO and Managing Director|| [[Venky Mysore]]
|-
|Team manager|| Wayne Bentley
|-
|Head coach|| [[Chandrakant Pandit]]<ref name=KKR>{{cite news|title=KKR appoint Chandrakant Pandit as Head Coach|url= http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/123481/kkr-appoint-chandrakant-pandit-as-head-coach|work=Cricbuzz|access-date=11 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
|Assistant coach|| [[Abhishek Nayar]]
|-
|Assistant coach|| [[James Foster (cricketer, born 1980)|James Foster]]<ref name=KKR1>{{cite web|title=Ryan ten Doeschate to join KKR as fielding coach|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/124453/ryan-ten-doeschate-to-join-kkr-as-fielding-coach|access-date=11 November 2022|work=Cricbuzz|date=8 November 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|Mentor|| [[David Hussey]]
|-
|Bowling coach|| [[Bharat Arun]]
|-
|Assistant bowling coach|| Omkar Salvi
|-
|Fielding coach|| [[Ryan ten Doeschate]]
|-
|Strength and conditioning coach|| [[Chris Donaldson]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Source:[https://www.kkr.in/players KKR Staff]
|}

== Points table ==
{{2023 Indian Premier League Points table|showteam=KKR}}

== Teams and standings ==
=== Results by match ===
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b
|header=Round
|label1= Teams
| res1=
[[PBKS]] (A)/[[Royal Challengers Bangalore|RCB]] (H)/[[Gujarat Titans|GT]] (A)/[[Sunrisers Hyderabad|SRH]] (H)/[[Mumbai Indians|MI]] (A)/[[Delhi Capitals|DC]] (A)/[[Chennai Super Kings|CSK]] (H)/[[Royal Challengers Bangalore|RCB]] (A)/[[Gujarat Titans|GT]] (H)/[[Sunrisers Hyderabad|SRH]] (A)/[[PBKS]] (H)/[[Rajasthan Royals|RR]] (H)/[[Chennai Super Kings|CSK]] (A)/[[Lucknow Super Giants|LSG]] (H)
|label2= Result
| res2=
L/W/W/L/L/L/L/W/L/W/W/L/W/L

| color_W = green2|text_W=Win
| color_NR = yellow2|text_NR=No Result
| color_L = red2|text_L=Loss
| color_1-2=green1| color_3-4=#ffc
| source = Fixtures
}}

== Statistics ==
===Most runs===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! No.
! Name
! Matches
! Runs
! High score
|-
| 1 ||[[Rinku Singh (cricketer)|Rinku Singh]] || 12
! 407
|| 58 [[not out]]
|-
| 2 ||[[Nitish Rana]] || 12
! 383
|| 75
|-
| 3 ||[[Venkatesh Iyer]]|| 11
! 314
|| 104
|-
| 4 ||[[Jason Roy]] || 5
! 218
|| 61
|-
| 5 ||[[Andre Russell]] || 11
! 208
|| 42
|-
| 6 ||[[Rahmanullah Gurbaz]] || 8
! 198
|| 81
|-
| 7 ||[[Shardul Thakur]] || 8
! 109
|| 68
|-
| 8 ||[[Narayan Jagadeesan]] || 6
! 89
|| 36
|-
| 9 ||[[David Wiese]] || 3
! 21
|| 12 [[not out]]
|-
| 10 ||[[Umesh Yadav]] || 8
! 19
|| 6 [[not out]]
|-
| 11 ||[[Anukul Roy]] || 3
! 17
|| 13 [[not out]]
|-
| 12 ||[[Mandeep Singh]] || 3
! 14
|| 12
|-
| 13 ||[[Sunil Narine]] || 11
! 14
|| 7 [[not out]]
|-
| 14 ||[[Litton Das]] || 1
! 4
|| 4
|-
| 15 ||[[Vaibhav Arora]] || 3
! 2
|| 2 [[not out]]
|-
| 16 ||[[Varun Chakravarthy]] || 11
! 1
|| 1
|}
* '''Source:''' https://www.iplt20.com/stats/

===Most wickets===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! No.
! Name
! Matches
! Wickets
! Best bowling
|-
| 1 || [[Varun Chakravarthy]] || 11
! 17
|| 4/15
|-
| 2 || [[Suyash Sharma]] || 8
! 10
|| 3/30
|-
| 3 || [[Sunil Narine]] || 11
! 7
|| 3/33
|-
| 4 || [[Andre Russell]] || 11
! 7
|| 3/22
|-
| 5 || [[Harshit Rana]]|| 3
! 4
|| 2/33
|-
| 6 || [[Shardul Thakur]] || 8
! 4
|| 2/23
|-
| 7 || [[Anukul Roy]] || 3
! 3
|| 2/19
|-
| 8 || [[Nitish Rana]] || 11
! 3
|| 2/17
|-
| 9 || [[Vaibhav Arora]]|| 3
! 2
|| 2/32
|-
| 10 || [[Tim Southee]] || 2
! 2
|| 2/54
|-
| 11 || [[Kulwant Khejroliya]] || 2
! 2
|| 2/44
|-
| 12 || [[Umesh Yadav]] || 8
! 1
|| 1/27
|-
| 13 || [[Lockie Ferguson]] || 3
! 1
|| 1/19
|}
* '''Source:''' https://www.iplt20.com/stats/

==References==
{{Reflist}}{{Kolkata Knight Riders}}

[[Category:Kolkata Knight Riders seasons]]

Sagir Ahmad

2026-04-23T09:08:12Z

JeanetteBracegir: Creating A Data - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sagir Ahmad
| office = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1972
| term_end = 1990
| predecessor = Radha Pandey
| successor = Raj Nandan Rai
| constituency = [[Raxaul Assembly constituency|Raxaul]]
| father = Mohamad Jahirhasan
| education =
| source =
}}

'''Sagir Ahmad''' was an Indian politician affiliated with the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC). He served as the Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) for the [[Raxaul Assembly constituency]] in the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] for four consecutive terms, representing the East Champaran district from 1972 to 1990.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.myneta.info/bih2005/candidate.php?candidate_id=698
|title=SAGIR AHMAD — Raxaul (East Champaran) — Affidavit Information of Candidate
|website=MyNeta.info
|publisher=Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR)
|access-date=10 November 2025
}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmad, Sagir}}
[[Category:Members of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:People from East Champaran district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Bihar-INC-politician-stub}}

Prithviraj Deshmukh

2026-04-20T08:46:18Z

JeanetteBracegir: Put Up Initial Info First Draft

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Maharashtra Legislative Council]]
| term_start = 29 May 2019
| term_end = 24 April 2020
| predecessor = [[Shivajirao Deshmukh]]
| successor = [[Gopichand Padalkar]]
| constituency = ''elected by Legislative Assembly Members''
| office1 = Member of [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 1996
| term_end1 = 1999
| predecessor1 = Sampatrao Deshmukh
| successor1 = [[Patangrao Kadam]]
| constituency1 = [[Bhilwadi Wangi Assembly constituency|Bhilwadi Wangi]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1964|4|5}}
| birth_place =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse =
| children =
| father = Sayajirao Yadav Deshmukh
| mother =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
}}
'''Prithviraj Sayajirao Yadav Deshmukh''' is an Indian politician from [[Bharatiya Janata Party – Maharashtra]]. He was elected as the Member of [[Maharashtra Legislative Council]] on 29 May 2019 after the post had fallen vacant owing to the death of Congress leader [[Shivajirao Deshmukh]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-05-30 |title=Maharashtra legislative Council: BJP's Sangli leader elected unopposed |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/maharashtra-legislative-council-bjp-s-sangli-leader-elected-unopposed/story-ooITSD7vcJJaFHNPOL1ywL.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-}}</ref> He had also represented [[Bhilwadi Wangi Assembly constituency|Bhilwadi Wangi]] in [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] from 1996 to 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhilwadi Wangi Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/bhilwadiwangi-maharashtra-assembly-constituency |access-date= |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref><ref>https://www.indialeader.com/ViewLeader/30090/PRUTHVIRAJ-SAYAJIRAO-DESHMUKH</ref>

== Electoral history ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
![[List of constituencies of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Constituency]]
! colspan="2" |Party
!Result
!Votes
!%
!Opponent
! colspan="2" |Party
!Votes
!%
|-
|1996
|[[Bhilwadi Wangi Assembly constituency|Bhilwadi Wangi]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|{{Won}}
|72,526
|51.09
|[[Patangrao Kadam]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|68,146
|48.01
|-
|[[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|[[Bhilwadi Wangi Assembly constituency|Bhilwadi Wangi]]
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|{{Lost}}
|61,637
|43.29
|[[Patangrao Kadam]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|79,466
|55.82
|-
|[[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|[[Palus-Kadegaon Assembly constituency|Palus-Kadegaon]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|{{Lost}}
|70,626
|38.82
|[[Patangrao Kadam]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,06,211
|58.37
|-
|[[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|[[Palus-Kadegaon Assembly constituency|Palus-Kadegaon]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Lost}}
|88,848
|42.42
|[[Patangrao Kadam]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,12,523
|53.95
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deshmukh, Prithviraj}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1995–1999]]
[[Category:Members of the Maharashtra Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:1964 births]]

{{Maharashtra-BJP-politician-stub}}

Rudrapur, Uttarakhand Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:40:18Z

JeanetteBracegir: Put Up A Info More To Come

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttarakhand legislative assembly in India}}
{{Other uses|Rudrapur (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Rudrapur
| established = 2012
| state = Uttarakhand
| district = [[Udham Singh Nagar district]]
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Shiv Arora]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 66
| electors = 192,593
| map_image = Rudrapur, Uttarakhand Assembly constituency map.svg
| loksabha_cons = Nainital-Udham Singh Nagar
}}

'''Rudrapur Legislative Assembly constituency''' is one of the seventy electoral [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Uttarakhand]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008 |website=Eci.nic.in |access-date=2017-06-25}}</ref> It includes [[Rudrapur, Uttarakhand|Rudrapur]] area of [[Udham Singh Nagar District]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_pc.aspx |title=Ac_pc |access-date=2008-12-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203060201/http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_pc.aspx |archive-date=3 December 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_detl.aspx |title=Assembly Constituencies |access-date=2008-12-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203060144/http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_detl.aspx |archive-date=3 December 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.uk.gov.in/files/Election2012/RESULTS_2012_Uttarakhand_State.pdf |title=RESULTS 2012 Uttarakhand State |website=Ceo.uk.gov.in |access-date=2017-06-25}}</ref>

Rudrapur Legislative Assembly constituency is a part of [[Nainital-Udhamsingh Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
| [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]] || rowspan=2 | [[Rajkumar Thukral]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
| [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]] || [[Shiv Arora]]
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Rudrapur, Uttarakhand Assembly constituency|Rudrapur]]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2022 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102703/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shiv Arora]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=60,602 |percentage=45.69% |change={{decrease}}13.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Meena Sharma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=40,852 |percentage=30.80% |change={{decrease}}6.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rajkumar Thukral]] |party=Independent politician |votes=26,988 |percentage=20.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nand Lal |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=1,212 |percentage=0.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chandrakeshwar Rao |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,095 |percentage=0.83% |change={{decrease}}0.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=554 |percentage=0.42% |change={{decrease}}0.09 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,750 |percentage=14.89% |change= {{decrease}}6.30 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,32,651 |percentage=68.83% |change= {{decrease}}4.55 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,92,723 |ref = |change= {{increase}}20.98 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}13.13 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Rudrapur, Uttarakhand Assembly constituency|Rudrapur]]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2017 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630093109/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rajkumar Thukral]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=68,754 |percentage=58.81% |change={{increase}}19.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tilak Raj Behar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=43,983 |percentage=37.62% |change={{increase}}2.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaswant Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,471 |percentage=1.26% |change={{decrease}}18.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=596 |percentage=0.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=24,771 |percentage=21.19% |change= {{increase}}16.98 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,16,899 |percentage=73.38% |change= {{decrease}}5.14 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,59,301 |ref = |change= {{increase}}33.31 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}19.07 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Rudrapur, Uttarakhand Assembly constituency|Rudrapur]]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2012 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929115647/https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-date=29 September 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rajkumar Thukral]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=37,291 |percentage=39.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tilak Raj Behar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=33,337 |percentage=35.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Premananad Mahajan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=18,681 |percentage=19.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tajindra Singh |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=1,785 |percentage=1.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanjay Sahni |party=Independent politician |votes=843 |percentage=0.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,954 |percentage=4.21% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=93,836 |percentage=78.52% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,19,500 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Rudrapur–Kichha (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Uttarakhand Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/93-uttarakhand/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=17 January 2024}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand}}
{{coord|28.985|79.408|display=title}}

[[Category:Udham Singh Nagar district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Rudrapur, Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2012]]

Nehtaur Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:32:07Z

JeanetteBracegir: Put Up First Details Initial Version.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nehtaur
| map_image = 21-Nehtaur.svg
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Bijnor district|Bijnor]]
| reservation = SC
| incumbent_image =
| mla = [[Om Kumar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| electors = 257,285 (2012)
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 21
}}
'''Nehtaur''' is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is a part of the [[Bijnor district]] and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Nagina Lok Sabha constituency]]. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 2012 after the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" was passed in the year 2008.<ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= 17 August 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=17 August 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from Assembly constituency|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=17 August 2015|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/nehtaur.html}}</ref>

==Wards / Areas==
Extent of Nehtaur Assembly constituency is KC Haldaur & Haldaur MB of Bijnor Tehsil; KC Nehtaur, PCs Athai Shekh, Basera Dasu, Basera Khurd, Bhawanipur Tarkola, Mankua, Dhakka Karmachand, Kotra Tappa Kesho, Pipalsana, Raipur Maluk, Sedha, Sherpur Balla, Tapraula of Dhampur KC & Nehtaur MB of Dhampur Tehsil.<ref name=" Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 "/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Nehtaur Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/nehtaur.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''Till 2012 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Om Kumar]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nehtaur<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Om Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:77935}}
|percentage = 38.98
|change = -1.74
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|candidate = Munshi Ram
|votes = {{formatnum:77677}}
|percentage = 38.86
|change = +35.41
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Priya Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:38020}}
|percentage = 19.02
|change = -5.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1057}}
|percentage = 0.53
|change = -0.15
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:258}}
|percentage = 0.12
|change = -12.18
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:199914}}
|percentage = 65.82
|change = +0.11
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|17th Vidhan Sabha: 2017 General Elections]]
{{Election box begin | title=2017 General Elections: Nehtaur<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Om Kumar]]
|votes = {{formatnum:76644}}
|percentage = 40.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Munnalal Premi
|votes = {{formatnum:53493}}
|percentage = 28.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Vivek Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:47059}}
|percentage = 25.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|candidate = Chandrapal Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:6486}}
|percentage = 3.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1273}}
|percentage = 0.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:23151}}
|percentage = 12.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:188207}}
|percentage = 65.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}
*[[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Nagina Lok Sabha constituency]]
*[[Bijnor district]]
*[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Bijnor district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Chaksu Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:24:59Z

JeanetteBracegir: starting entry!

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Rajasthan State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chaksu
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-58-Chaksu.svg
| mla = [[Ramavatar Bairwa]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| district = [[Jaipur district|Jaipur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dausa Lok Sabha constituency|Dausa]]
| established = 2008
| incumbent_image =
| reservation = SC
| electors = {{formatnum:231087}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/all_files/full-statistical-reports/rajasthan/2023/Detailed_Results.pdf |title=State Election,2023 to the legislative assembly of Rajasthan |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 58
}}
'''Chaksu Assembly constituency''' is one of the 200 [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/map/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP.pdf |title=New Assembly Constituencies |website=ceorajasthan.nic.in |date=25 January 2006| access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref> It is in [[Jaipur district|Jaipur]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Castes]]. It is in the [[Dausa Lok Sabha constituency]] and was created by [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]] in 2008.

Chaksu Constituency covers all voters from [[Chaksu|Chaksu Tehsil]] (excluding 4 Patwar circles of ILRC Kotkhawada - Mahadeopura, Rupaheri Kalan, Narpatpura and Rupaheri Khurd) and part of [[Phagi|Phagi Tehsil]] (3 [[Revenue block|ILRC]]s - [[Chittora]], [[Madhorajpura]] and [[Renwal]]).<ref name="election2008">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies order, 2008]</ref>

== Member of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| 2008||Promila Kundara<ref name="Rajasthan Assembly Party Position">{{Cite web |url=http://rajassembly.nic.in/PartyPosition.asp |title=Rajasthan Assembly Party Position |access-date=21 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925085249/http://rajassembly.nic.in/PartyPosition.asp |archive-date=25 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 2013||Laxminarain<ref name="Rajasthan Assembly Party Position"/>
|-
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| [[Ved Prakash Solanki]]<ref name=election2018/>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
||[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Ramavatar Bairwa]]<ref name=election2023/>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Chaksu<ref name="election2023"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ramavtar Bairwa
|votes = {{formatnum:104064}}
|percentage = 58.94
|change = +17.04
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Ved Prakash Solanki
|votes = {{formatnum:54684}}
|percentage = 30.97
|change = -13.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
|candidate = Vikesh Kholia
|votes = {{formatnum:14068}}
|percentage = 7.97
|change = -2.55
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1147}}
|percentage = 0.65
|change = -0.54
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:49380}}
|percentage = 27.97
|change = +25.81
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:176557}}
|percentage = 76.4
|change = -1.02
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Chaksu<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA (Legislative Assembly Election) 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Ved Prakash Solanki
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:70007}}
|percentage = 44.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ramavatar Bairwa
|votes = {{formatnum:66576}}
|percentage = 41.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
|candidate = Hemant Vijay
|votes = {{formatnum:16706}}
|percentage = 10.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Ambedkarite Party of India
|candidate = Jeetram Bairwa
|votes = {{formatnum:1695}}
|percentage = 1.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1893}}
|percentage = 1.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:3431}}
|percentage = 2.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:158877}}
|percentage = 77.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Jaipur district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|26.61|75.94|display=title}}

[[Category:Jaipur district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Ghansali Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:19:08Z

JeanetteBracegir: starting a bio!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttarakhand legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ghansali
| mla = [[Shakti Lal Shah]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = Uttarakhand
| district = [[Tehri Garhwal]]
| type = SLA
| electors = 98,409
| loksabha_cons = [[Tehri Garhwal Lok Sabha constituency|Tehri Garhwal]]
| reservation = SC
| constituency_no = 9
| map_image = Ghansali Assembly constituency map.svg
}}
'''Ghansali Legislative Assembly constituency'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.uk.gov.in/files/oversease%20election/English/9.pdf |title=List of Polling Station for 9-Ghansali(GEN) Assembly Constituency |date=2011 |website=ceo.uk.gov.in}}</ref> is one of the 70 assembly constituencies of [[Uttarakhand]] a northern state of [[India]]. [[Ghansali]] is part of [[Tehri Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tehri Garhwal Lok Sabha constituency]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election|2002]] || rowspan=2 | Balbeer Singh Negi || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2007]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]] || [[Bhim Lal Arya]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017]] || rowspan=2 | [[Shakti Lal Shah]]
|-
| [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Ghansali<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2022 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102703/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shakti Lal Shah]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=20,949 |percentage=42.09% |change={{decrease}}7.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhani Lal Shah |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,664 |percentage=21.43% |change={{increase}}10.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bhim Lal Arya]] |party=Independent politician |votes=9,204 |percentage=18.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Darshan Lal Das |party=Independent politician |votes=4,739 |percentage=9.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kamal Das |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=1,653 |percentage=3.32% |change={{increase}}2.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shoorveer Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,363 |percentage=2.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=742 |percentage=1.49% |change={{decrease}}0.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vijay Prakash |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=454 |percentage=0.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,285 |percentage=20.67% |change= {{decrease}}5.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=49,768 |percentage=50.18% |change= {{increase}}0.99 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 99,175 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.54 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}7.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Ghansali<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2017 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630093109/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shakti Lal Shah]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=22,103 |percentage=49.18% |change={{decrease}}9.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhani Lal Shah |party=Independent politician |votes=10,450 |percentage=23.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bhim Lal Arya]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,963 |percentage=11.04% |change={{decrease}}14.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=3,062 |percentage=6.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Makan Lal |party=Uttarakhand Raksha Morcha |votes=1,458 |percentage=3.24% |change={{increase}}1.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=995 |percentage=2.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kamal Das |party=Independent politician |votes=715 |percentage=1.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pingal Dass |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=653 |percentage=1.45% |change={{decrease}}2.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Siman Lal Arya |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=395 |percentage=0.88% |change={{decrease}}1.37 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,653 |percentage=25.93% |change= {{decrease}}7.12 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=44,945 |percentage=49.19% |change= {{decrease}}4.54 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 91,369 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.48 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}9.35 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Ghansali<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2012 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929115647/https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-date=29 September 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bhim Lal Arya]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=24,254 |percentage=58.53% |change={{increase}}40.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhani Lal Shah |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,560 |percentage=25.48% |change={{decrease}}3.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shoorveer Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=2,439 |percentage=5.89% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Achla Khandewal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,452 |percentage=3.50% |change={{decrease}}0.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Makan Lal |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=930 |percentage=2.24% |change={{decrease}}7.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nagendra Lal |party=Uttarakhand Raksha Morcha |votes=808 |percentage=1.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagwan Das |party=Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha |votes=536 |percentage=1.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramesh Naithwal |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=377 |percentage=0.91% |change={{decrease}}24.88 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,694 |percentage=33.05% |change= {{increase}}29.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=41,438 |percentage=53.73% |change= {{decrease}}1.91 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 77,119 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.07 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}29.56 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Ghansali<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114082304/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbeer Singh Negi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,424 |percentage=28.97% |change={{increase}}11.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abbal Singh Bist |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=11,058 |percentage=25.79% |change={{decrease}}0.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chandra Kishor Maithani |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,691 |percentage=17.93% |change={{increase}}4.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laxman Singh Rana |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=4,368 |percentage=10.19% |change={{increase}}2.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bhim Lal Arya]] |party=Independent politician |votes=2,896 |percentage=6.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sohan Singh Kunwar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,904 |percentage=4.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahendra Lal |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=870 |percentage=2.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surya Prakash Semwal Shastri |party= Shivsena |votes=857 |percentage=2.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tej Ram Semwal |party=Bharatiya Jan Shakti |votes=815 |percentage=1.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,366 |percentage=3.19% |change= {{decrease}}5.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=42,883 |percentage=55.73% |change= {{increase}}3.35 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 77,063 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}5.66 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{increase}}3.05 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election]]: Ghansali<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114065248/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbeer Singh Negi |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=11,072 |percentage=25.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abbal Singh Bist |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,340 |percentage=17.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Uttam Singh Kathaith |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,776 |percentage=13.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shri Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=3,887 |percentage=9.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laxman Singh Rana |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=3,289 |percentage=7.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramanand Joshi |party=Uttarakhand Janwadi Party |votes=3,005 |percentage=7.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sohan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,711 |percentage=6.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surya Prakash Semwal Shastri |party=Independent politician |votes=1,492 |percentage=3.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Susildev Surira |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=1,001 |percentage=2.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vinay Laxmi |party=Independent politician |votes=778 |percentage=1.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=730 |percentage=1.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,732 |percentage=8.74% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=42,720 |percentage=52.31% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,688 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Nationalist Congress Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Tehri Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Uttarakhand Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/93-uttarakhand/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=17 January 2024}}
* {{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}
* [http://ceo.uk.gov.in/files/Election2012/RESULTS_2012_Uttarakhand_State.pdf RESULTS 2012 Uttarakhand State]
* [http://www.elections.in/uttarakhand/assembly-constituencies/purola.html Purola (Uttarakhand) Elections 2022 Results]

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand}}
{{coord|30.43|78.66|display=title}}

[[Category:2002 establishments in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Uttarkashi]]
[[Category:Tehri Garhwal district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2002]]

Alipore Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T05:04:43Z

JeanetteBracegir: Creating A Bio and Citations

{{Short description|Former West Bengal Legislative Assembly Constituency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Alipore
| type= SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[South 24 Parganas]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kolkata Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Dakshin]]
| constituency_no = 148
| established = 1951
| electors =
| reservation = None
| abolished = 2011
}}

'''Alipore Assembly constituency''' was a [[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] constituency of [[South 24 Parganas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As a consequence of the orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], Alipore Assembly constituency ceases to exist from 2011. Alipore Assembly Constituency was consisted of Ward Nos. [[Ward No. 74, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|74]] and [[Ward No. 82, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|82]] of the [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf |title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006|access-date = 15 October 2010 |work = West Bengal|publisher = Government of West Bengal}}</ref>

It was part of [[Kolkata Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)]],<ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf | title = Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha | access-date = 1 November 2010 | work = Volume III Details For Assembly Segments Of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher = Election Commission of India | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101006140327/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf| archive-date= 6 October 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>

Around half of the electorate of the constituency were slum dwellers.<ref name=express>{{cite web| url = http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/alipore-health-is-wealth-for-trinamool-man/537984/1 |title = Alipore: Health is wealth for Trinamool man |publisher= The Indian Express, 6 November 2006 | access-date = 24 October 2014}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
| Satyendra Kumar Basu
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan="2"|Somnath Lahiri
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
| [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2"|Mani Sanyal
|-
| [[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
| [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| rowspan="2"|Kanailal Sarkar
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| Ashoke Kumar Bose
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
| Anup Kumar Chandra
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
| rowspan="3"|[[Saugata Roy]]
|-
| [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
| [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
| [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Tapas Paul]]
| {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
| 2009^
| [[Firhad Hakim]]
|}

* ^ denotes by-election

==Election results==
===2009 Bye-election===
A bye-election was held on 10 November 2009 following the resignation of the sitting [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[Tapas Paul]] who was elected as [[Member of Parliament|MP]] In Parliament from [[Krishnanagar (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. Firhad Hakim of Trinamool Congress Defeated Kaustav Chatterjee of CPIM.
{{Election box begin | title=West Bengal state assembly bye election, 2009: Alipore constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2009by>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/current/pn101109.pdf |title = Results of bye – elections to the 31 (thirty one) Assembly Constituencies and 1(one) Lok Sabha Constituency |publisher= Election Commission of India | access-date = 24 October 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Firhad Hakim]]
|votes = 41,635
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Kaustav Chatterjee
|votes = 14,080
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 27,555
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 55,745
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
In the 2006 election, [[Tapas Paul]] of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival [[Biplab Chatterjee]] of CPI(M).

{{Election box begin | title=[[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2006]]: Alipore constituency<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=152|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2006|work = Tollyganj|publisher = Empowering India|access-date = 30 April 2006|archive-date = 13 May 2012|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120513171248/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=152|url-status = usurped}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Tapas Paul]]
|votes = 37,440
|percentage = 52.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Biplab Chatterjee]]
|votes = 26,138
|percentage = 36.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Biswajit Deb
|votes = 5,885
|percentage = 8.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Prasanta Kumar Maity
|votes = 578
|percentage = 0.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate |
|party = BSP
|candidate = Suresh Kumar Biswas
|votes = 484
|percentage = 0.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ajoy Kumar Das
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 408
|percentage = 0.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ashim Saha
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 259
|percentage = 0.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Amarendra Nath Ghosh
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 219
|percentage = 0.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Murari Mohan Ghosh
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 187
|percentage = 0.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Deb Kumar Das
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 148
|percentage = 0.21
|change =
}}

{{Election box majority|
|votes = 11,302
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 71,746
|percentage = 60.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link |
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing = +12.98
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1977-2009===
In the 2009 by-election, [[Bobby Hakim|Firhad Hakim (Bobby)]] of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] won the 148 Alipore assembly seat.<ref name=vidhansabha2009by/> The by-election was necessitated by the election of sitting MLA, [[Tapas Paul]], to the Lok Sabha from the [[Krishnanagar (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=express/> In [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]]<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 19 October 2014}}</ref> and 2001<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 19 October 2014}}</ref> elections to the state assembly, Tapas Paul of Trinamool Congress won the seat defeating his nearest rivals [[Biplab Chatterjee]] and Mira Bhowmick respectively, both of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]. [[Saugata Roy]] of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] defeated Rathindranath Roy Choudhury of CPI(M) in 1996,<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-UP96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 19 October 2014}}</ref> Tarhin Roy Choudhury of CPI(M) in 1991,<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 19 October 2014}}</ref> and Ashoke Bose of CPI(M) in 1987.<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 19 October 2014}}</ref> Anup Kumar Chandra of Congress defeated Ashok Kumar Bose of CPI(M) in 1982.<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 19 October 2014}}</ref> Ashoke Kumar Bose of CPI(M) defeated Salai Baran Chatterjee of [[Janata Party]] in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 19 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp148.htm |title = 148 - Alipore Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 25 October 2010}}</ref>

===1951-1972===
Kanailal Sarkar of Congress won in 1972<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title =General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 19 October 2014}}</ref> and 1971.<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 19 October 2014}}</ref> Mani Sanyal of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won in 1969<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 19 October 2014}}</ref> and 1967.<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 19 October 2014}}</ref> Somnath Lahiri of CPI won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]]<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 19 October 2014}}</ref> and [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]].<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 19 October 2014}}</ref> In [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]], Satendra Kumar Basu of Congress won the Alipur seat.<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 19 October 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{South 24 Parganas topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}
{{coord|22.53|88.33|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of South 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Alipore]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 disestablishments in India]]

Zuṭṭ

2026-04-11T07:03:46Z

JeanetteBracegir: Creating A Info - done

{{Short description|Historical ethnic group in the Middle East}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
'''Zuṭṭ'''{{efn|{{Langx|ar|الزط|translit=al-Zuṭṭ}}, {{Langx|syc|ܙܘ̈ܛܝܐ|translit=ZWṬYʾ}}<ref>Carlson, Thomas A.; Mutter, Jessica; Cady, McKenzie, “[https://medievalmideast.org/person/19731 Zuṭṭ]” in Thomas A. Carlson, ed. Historical Index of the Medieval Middle East, last modified September 16, 2021</ref>}} is an Arabicised form of [[Jats|Jat]].<ref>{{harvnb|Maclean|1984|p=45}}; {{harvnb|Nizami|1994|p=57}}; {{harvnb|ʿAthamina|1998|p=355}}; {{harvnb|Wink|2002|p=156}}; {{harvnb|Anthony|2011|p=178}}; {{harvnb|Ehsan Yarshater|2015|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Malik|2020|p=42}}; {{harvnb|Bosworth|2012}}</ref> Originally inhabitants of lower [[Indus Valley]], Jats were present in [[Mesopotamia]] from the 5th century AD since the times of the [[Sasanian Empire]], although their main migration occurred after the establishment of [[Umayyad Caliphate]]. They were one of the prominent ethnic groups in [[Lower Mesopotamia|lower Iraq]] during the [[Islamic Golden Age]], supplying labourers<ref>{{cite book |last1=Delattre |first1=Alain |title=Authority and Control in the Countryside: From Antiquity to Islam in the Mediterranean and Near East (6th-10th Century) |date=2018 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004386549 |pages=516-517 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Authority_and_Control_in_the_Countryside/mdJ7DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0}}</ref> and [[mercenary]] soldiers to the Muslim states. Their mention fades from Arab chronicles after the 11th century.

==History==
===Original homeland===
"Zutt" is an Arab corruption of "[[Jats|Jat]]". At the time of the [[Umayyad conquest of Sindh]] in the early 8th century, Zutt (Jats) populated [[Makran]] and [[Turan (Sasanian province)|Turan]] (including Qiqan, modern [[Kalat, Pakistan|Kalat]]) as far as the east bank of [[Indus]] river, where cities of [[Mansura, Sindh|Mansura]] and [[Multan]] were located.{{sfn|Wink|2002|p=160}} According to [[Ibn Khordadbeh]], Jats safeguarded the entire [[trade route]] in the region which was known as ''bilād al-Zāt'' (land of the Jats).{{sfn|Nizami|1994|p=57}} Makran had a significant number of Zutt at the time (or before) the Muslim conquest who had moved eastward into [[Sindh]] as well in the following centuries.{{sfn|Wink|2002|loc=142: At the time of (and before) the Arab conquest, Makrān or Kīj-Makrān held a substantial population of Zutt or 'Jat' dromedary-men. These Zutt appear to have moved eastward into Sind in the following two or three centuries}} [[Michael Jan de Goeje|Goeje]] says Zutt were a people originating from Sindh and claims that they were distributed throughout the [[Sassanid Empire]]. [[Al-Khwarizmi]] also elucidates their origins, attributing their roots to Sindh and noting the [[Arabization|Arabicization]] of their original name, ''Jit'', to Zuṭṭ and further highlights that the Zutt were employed to protect ''badhraqa'' (roads).{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|pp=120–121}} In Arabic literature, however, ''Sind'' referred to a larger region than the present province of [[Sindh]] and Makran, and the "land of Sind" designated the [[Indus valley]] or the area traversed by Indus river.{{sfn|Wink|2002|loc=pp. 145–146: "The Arabic literature often conflates 'Sind' with '[[al-Hind|Hind]]' into a single term but also refers to 'Sind and Hind', to distinguish the two. Sind, in point of fact, while vaguely defined territorially, overlaps rather well with what is currently Pakistan. It definitely did extend beyond the present province of Sind and Makran; the whole of [[Baluchistan]] was included, a part of the [[Panjab]], and the [[North-West Frontier Province]]. Sind derived its name and identity from the river which in Sanskrit was called Sindhu (meaning literally 'river' or 'stream'), i.e. the '[[Indus]]' of the Greeks and Romans, the Mihran of the Arabs. 'The land of Sind' designated the alluvial plains created by the river on both sides in its middle and lower course, from [[Attock]] to the coast, with varying portions of the rocky uplands (Kuhistan) adjoining Baluchistan and of the sandhills of the [[Thar Desert|Thar]]"}}
[[File:The provinces of Sakastan, Paradan, Turan, Makuran and Hind in the early Sasanian era.svg|350px|thumb|right|Regions from [[Makran]] and [[Turan (Sasanian province)|Turan]] till [[Mansura, Sindh|Mansura]] were the original homeland of Zutt people.{{sfn|Westphal-Hellbusch|Westphal|1964|p=75}}{{sfn|Nizami|1994|p=57}}]]

===In early Islamic Arabia===
The commercial activities of Zutt led to their settlements in [[Arabia]]. They were evidently present in Arabia before the advent of Islam, mainly around the [[Persian Gulf]] and are known to have interacted with [[Muhammad]].{{sfn|Nizami|1994|p=55}} Muhammad reportedly compared [[Moses in Islam#Appearance|Musa]] (Moses) with them in physique, and stated him to be of brown complexion, straight hair and tall stature, resembling Zutt.{{sfn|Nizami|1994|p=55}} On another occasion, when [[Aisha]] fell ill, her nephew sent for a Zutt physician to treat her.{{sfn|Nizami|1994|p=55}} According to [[al-Tabari]], some Zutt participated in the [[Ridda Wars]] against Muslims.{{sfn|ʿAthamina|1998|p=355}}

===In Sassanid Empire===
Sassanid emperor [[Bahram V]] (431{{snd}}38) is said to have adopted a policy of tribal resettlement in the coastal regions. Due to it, a number of Zutt migrated, often with great herds of water buffalo, to the marshland of southern Iraq where they introduced large-scale rice farming.{{sfn|Wink|2002|p=48, 157}} They may have come in the search of pastures there, and their presence is indicated by a canal called ''Nahr al-Zuṭṭ'' in Iraq,{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=121–122}} as well as a district called ''Zutt'' in [[Khuzistan]] or [[Bahrain]].{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=122}} They also inhabited the city of ''Haumat al-Zutt'' in Khuzistan.

The last Sassanid emperor, [[Yazdegerd III]], called Zutt from Sind to help in his war against Arabs.{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|pp=120–121}} They fought as mercenary cavalry men for the [[Sassanian Empire]], later defecting to the side of Muslims.{{sfn|Wink|2002|p=156–157}}{{sfn|Anthony|2011|p=178}} When Muslims besieged the city of [[Ahwaz]] in Iran in 640, Zutt put up a strong resistance in the defence of the city along with Persian ''[[Aswaran]]''.{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=121–122}} Later, as did Aswaran, who were known as ''[[Asawira]]'' during the caliphate period, they settled in Basra as allies of [[Banu Tamim]].{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=122}}

===In Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates===
Zutt formed a large population of the garrison town of [[Basra]], where they became allies of the Arab tribe of [[Banu Hanzala]] in the inter-tribal warfare.{{sfn|ʿAthamina|1998|p=351}}{{sfn|Wink|2002|p=157}} The treasury of Basra was guarded by 40 or 400 Zutt soldiers during the reign of [[Ali]] under their chief Abu Salama al-Zutti,{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=191}}{{sfn|Nizami|1994|p=55}}{{sfn|Anthony|2011|p=121}} who were, according to the version narrated by [[Abu Mikhnaf]], killed while protecting ''[[bayt al-mal]]'' when rebels under [[Talha ibn Ubayd Allah|Talha]] and [[Zubayr ibn al-Awwam|Zubayr]] occupied the city.{{sfn|Anthony|2011|p=121}} Zutt regiments had fought along with Ali at the [[Battle of the Camel]] in 656 AD under their chief, Ali bin Danūr.{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=127}}

In 670 AD, a large number of Zutt, along with [[Aswaran]], were moved into coastal cities of Syria, such as [[Antioch]], [[Beirut]] and [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]], replacing the earlier Greek population, and a quarter in Antioch came to be known after them.{{sfn|Wink|2002|p=157}}{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=159}} This was an attempt by Umayyad caliph [[Mu'awiya I]] to ward off any possible naval invasion by [[Byzantine Empire]].{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=128}} During this period, the role of Zutt and the associated groups was to guard the governors of different provinces, as well as to suppress revolts.{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=193–194}}{{sfn|ʿAthamina|1998|p=357}} They also acted as special troops to guard provincial treasuries.{{sfn|Anthony|2011|p=121}}{{sfn|ʿAthamina|1998|p=357}} Zutt had been in Mesopotamia for long enough that they were considered distinct from Sindhis or Indians.{{sfn|Wink|2002|p=157}} In Iraq and elsewhere, they had their separate units under their own leaders, giving them a status of distinct sub-tribe in the Muslim society.{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=190}}{{sfn|ʿAthamina|1998|p=356}}
[[File:Iraq ca. 875.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.4|Map of Iraq in the later 9th century. Zutt primarily inhabited the [[Mesopotamian Marshes|marshland]] in lower Iraq.]]

====Second migration====
After the conquest of Sindh in 712 AD, a second influx of Zutt occurred from Makran into Iraq.{{sfn|Wink|2002|p=156}} As a nomadic pastoral community, they did not originally profess Hinduism and instead followed their tribal religion.{{sfn|Asher|Talbot|2006|p=270}} Zutt were barely integrated into the Hindu society of Sindh,{{sfn|Wink|2002|p=161}} and as they were always prone to rebellion, the [[Brahman dynasty of Sindh|Brahman dynasty]] had imposed discriminatory measures upon them, which were maintained by Arabs, and in some cases, even intensified after a long series of rebellions.{{sfn|Wink|2002|p=162}} Four thousand Zutt became captive of Muslims during the early Muslim incursions into Makran, and later they participated as auxiliaries in the conquest of Sindh.{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=122}} The two chief tribal groupings in Sindh at the time of Arab conquest were Zutt ([[Jats]]) and ''[[Med people|Med]]s''.{{sfn|Wink|2002|p=156}} Unlike Jats, however, Meds were seafaring people. Some of them carried piracy in the [[Indian Ocean]] as ''[[Bawarij]]''. The incident in which they captured two treasure ships coming from Ceylon to Basra became ''casus belli'' for the Umayyad invasion of Sindh.{{sfn|Wink|2002|p=164}}

In addition to Zutt, several other groups from Indus Valley had permanently settled into Mesopotamia, including ''Sāyabija'' and ''Andāghar'', who were at times considered as part of Jats, and sometimes described separately.{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=123, 196}} Muslim accounts describe these soldiers as originally inhabitants of Sind.{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=196}} An important sub-group of Zutt were ''Qayqāniyya'', who inhabited the region of Qayqan (also known as Qiqān, modern Kalat).{{sfn|Wink|2002|p=158}}{{sfn|ʿAthamina|1998|p=373}} Many of them had been taken as captives between 659 and 664 by Abd Allah bin Sawwar al-Abdi to Iraq, who was appointed as governor of regions surrounding Sindh.{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=195}} He was himself killed in one of the wars against Qiqani Zutt in 667 and Qiqan was re-conquered by them.{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=195}} Always armed with arrows, whether cavalry or infantry, these Zutt Qayqaniyya units were master archers of the caliphate, and acted as auxiliary group for ''[[shurta]]''.{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=195}}{{sfn|ʿAthamina|1998|p=373}} Qiqaniyya as well as ''Bukhariyya'', an Iranian unit of soldiers, were sent to suppress [[revolt of Zayd ibn Ali]] in 740 by Umayyad Caliphate.{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=196}} Another group associated with Zutt was that of ''Qufs'', or "mountain dwellers", who were dark-skinned soldiers from Kerman.{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=122}} They had been recruited by Sassanids as auxiliaries{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=122}} and later, actively supported Arabs against Sassanids.{{sfn|Wink|2002|p=142}} However, they had married among Persians and had assimilated to the Persian culture.{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=122}}

Jats (with their very name being synonymous with dromedary-men or cameleers){{sfn|Wink|2002|p=142}} in Makran reportedly reared fine-quality camels which were in demand as far as Khurasan, and tall ''Qīqāni'' horses, which were presented to Mu'awiya I.{{sfn|Wink|2002|p=160, 172}} In Basra, they manufactured a distinct variety of cloth called ''zuttī'' or ''zuttiyah''.{{sfn|Haug|Judd|2023|p=222}} In the first half of 8th century, many of them were settled with herds of buffalo in the regions of Massisa and [[Amanus]] (present-day Turkey) to combat the large number of lions found there.{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=159}}

===In Abbasid Caliphate===
The position of Zutt as mercenary soldiers remained stable for some time after the Abbasid revolution and establishment of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]]. They still formed part of the armed forces of Basra during the governorship of Abbasid Sulayman bin Ali.{{sfn|Zakeri|1995|p=190}} During the [[Fourth Fitna|Abbasid civil war]] (809 {{snd}}813), [[Al-Sari ibn al-Hakam|al-Sāri ibn al-Hakam al-Zutti]] gained control of the lower Egypt, including the capital city of [[Fustat]] in 813 and ruled it till his death in 820. He was a Zutt soldier of ''[[abna’ al-dawla]]'', the elite Khurasani troops of Abbasid caliphate.<ref>{{Citation |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume VIII (Ned-Sam): [Fasc. 131-146a] |date=1998-05-28 |url=https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/2634 |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume VIII (Ned-Sam) |access-date=2023-12-07 |publisher=Brill |language=en |isbn=978-90-04-09834-3|page=138}}</ref> His two sons, [[Abu Nasr ibn al-Sari|Abu Nāsr]] ({{reign|820|822}}) and [[Ubaydallah ibn al-Sari|Ubāydallah]] ({{reign|822|826}}) succeeded him as the [[List of rulers of Islamic Egypt|emirs of Egypt]]. During this period, Egypt was independent from the Abbasids.{{sfn|Codoñer|2016|p=197}} Ubaydallah's reign came to an end in 826, when al-Ma'mun sought to achieve control over the country by dispatching to it the [[Tahirid]] general [[Abdallah ibn Tahir]]. Ubaydullah chose to fight against him, but his forces were defeated and he was forced into exile in [[Samarra]], where he died in 865. According to the Arabist [[Thierry Bianquis]], the succession of al-Sari by his sons signals the first attempt at creating an autonomous dynasty ruling Egypt, heralding the more successful [[Tulunids]] and [[Ikhshidids]].{{sfn|Bianquis|1998|p=97}} According to [[Juan Signes Codoñer]], Zutt may have been also involved in [[Thomas the Slav]]'s revolt against the [[Byzantine Empire]] in 821–23.{{sfn|Codoñer|2016|p=197}}
[[File:Abbasid_Dinar_-_al-Ma'mun_-_208_AH_(823_AD).jpg|thumb|right
|[[Gold dinar]] minted in Egypt in 823/4, displaying the names of the caliph al-Ma'mun and Ubaydallah ibn al-Sari]]
Jats produced a number of well-known people during the [[Islamic Golden Age]].{{sfn|Malik|2020|p=44}} Famous theologian, [[Abu Hanifa]], who was the founder of [[Hanafi school]] of thought, is considered by some to be one of them. His grandfather, named Zuttā, was brought as captive by Muslim armies in the late 7th century to lower Iraq.{{sfn|Wink|2002|loc= p. 161: Some Jat freemen became famous in the Islamic world, as for instance Abu Hanifa (699-767 ? )}}{{sfn|Malik|2020|loc= p.44: ...Abu Hanifa (699–767), the founder of the Hanafi school of law, who was of Jat stock, most likely descending from those early prisoners sent to Iraq.}} Other Zutt scholars include [[Ibn Ulayya]], who was from Qayqan, and [[Abd al-Rahman al-Awza'i|al-Awza'i]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume II (C-G): [Fasc. 23-40, 40a] |date=1998-05-28 |url=https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/1481 |editor= [[Joseph Schacht|Schacht]] |editor2=[[Bernard Lewis|Lewis]] |editor3=[[Charles Pellat|Pellat]] |publisher=Brill |language=en |isbn=978-90-04-07026-4|quote=Imām al-Awzā'i was of Sindhī origin and his forefathers might have belonged to those Jāts who fell into the hands of Muhammad b. al-Kāsim and were sent as prisoners of war to 'lrāk.|page=489}}</ref> As they were earliest of the people from Indus Valley to have interacted with Muslims, "Zutt" became a general term for the people from Sind and Multan who were living in Syria,{{sfn|Bosworth|1976|p=170}} which included scholars and governors like [[Ibn al-A'rabi]], [[Al-Sindi ibn Shahak|Ibn Shahak]] and [[Abu al-Khaṣīb Marzuq|Abu al-Khasib]]. During this period, Zutt increasingly intermingled with other non-Arab foreign people in Basra, a cosmopolitan port at the time. They, along with Sayabija and [[Zanj]], were designated as one of the [[Black people#Arab world|Black]] peoples (Arabic: ''as-swadan'') by Arabs.{{sfn|Haug|Judd|2023|p=225}} Grandfather of [[al-Jahiz]], the famous 9th century author, was reportedly a black cameleer.{{sfn|Haug|Judd|2023|p=225–226}} The term ''Black'', however, was apparently applied to Berbers and Indians as well.{{sfn|Haug|Judd|2023|p=222}}

====Zutt rebellion====
{{main|Zutt Rebellion}}
As the central power of caliphate broke down after the mid-9th century, Zutt came to be viewed as outlaws and brigands instead of allies. Zutt, Asawira and other troops were effectively demilitarized at the start of century. Some of Zutt later turned into ''Banu Sasan'', who were members of what [[C. E. Bosworth]] calls "Islamic Underworld".{{sfn|Bosworth|1976|p=170}} The Qiqaniyya, who had reputation as sea-faring people, turned to piracy along the coast of Baluchistan and Makran.{{sfn|Bosworth|1976|p=34}} The continued political suppression, as well as relative weakness of Abbasid control after the devastating civil war, encouraged the Zutt living in lower Iraq to rise in rebellion in 820 under the leadership of [[Muhammad ibn Uthman]]. Early Abbasid efforts to defeat Zutt proved unsuccessful, and they continued to levy taxes over caravans and to raid neighbouring regions of Basra. After the defeat of Ahmad bin Sa'd al-Bahili, Abbasids sent a large force of more than 10,000 under their general [[Ujayf ibn Anbasa]] in 834 to [[Wasit]], which was a stronghold of Zutt. Abbasid forces blocked the waterways to the Iraqi marshes and thus cut down the communication lines of Zutt. The war continued for nine months, and included amphibious operations, until Zutt leaders agreed to surrender. They were ultimately deported to a village at the Byzantine frontier of Cilicia in 835.{{sfn|Ehsan Yarshater|2015|p=7–10}}{{sfn|Bosworth|2012}} In 855, Byzantine army made an unexpected raid on the city of [[Anazarbus]] (`Ain Zarbah) and took many of them to [[Constantinople]].{{sfn|Kennedy|2006|p=98}}{{sfn|Codoñer|2016|p=197}}

The Zutt rebellion lasted for 14 years before finally being put down. [[Al-Tabari]], a 9th-century historian, quoted a long poem by a Zutt poet when they were being deported to Cilicia. in it, poet taunted people of [[Baghdad]], where caliph was based, for their cowardice as they could not defeat Zutt and had to employ Turkic slave-soldiers against them.{{sfn|Anooshahr|2008|p=77}} The poet held these Turks in military posts in low regard and instead glorified austerity of the Zutt.{{sfn|Anooshahr|2008|p=77}}

===Later period===
Zutt also participated in the later [[Zanj rebellion|Zanj]] and [[Qarmatian]] rebellions against the caliphate, with [[Abu Hatim al-Zutti]] being one of the major Qarmatian Da'is.{{sfn|Maclean|1984|p=134}} Becoming active in 907, Abu Hatim prohibited his followers to slaughter animals and so they came to be known as ''[[Baqliyya]]'', or "Green Grocers". They were a major sub-sect of Qarmatians in lower Iraq and staged multiple uprisings against the Abbasids.{{sfn|Daftary|2011|p=29}} A certain Abū al-Faraj Muḥammad al-Zutti was a Buyid minister in Baghdad in 990.<ref name=archive/>{{rp|189}} Zutt, along with Turks and Daylamis, formed part of army of Buyid prince Abu Nasr Shah-Firuz, ruler of Fasa, when he waged war against [[Baha' al-Dawla]] for the control of province of [[Fars province|Fars]] in 1000 AD.{{sfn|Bosworth|2012}} They were described as most numerous and bravest of the warriors of Fars by Abbasid vizier [[Abu Shuja al-Rudhrawari|al-Rudhrawari]].<ref name=archive>{{Cite web |title=The eclipse of the 'Abbasid caliphate; original chronicles of the fourth Islamic century : Amedroz, Henry Frederick, 1854-1917 |url=https://archive.org/download/eclipseofabbasid06ameduoft/eclipseofabbasid06ameduoft.pdf |website=Archive.org}}</ref>{{rp|374}} Little is known about them any further, although they seem to have gained certain degree of notoriety along with [[Kurdish tribes|Kurdish]] and [[Bedouin]] tribes.{{sfn|Bosworth|1976|p=34}}

Abbasid caliphate itself disintegrated after the [[anarchy at Samarra]], and the regions of Makran, Sind and Multan became independent under [[sultanate of Makran|Ma'danids]], [[Habbari dynasty|Hābbarids]] and [[emirate of Multan|Munābbihids]], respectively. Owing to these developments, the movement of Jats into Iraq ceased.{{sfn|Wink|2002}} During the same period, Jats left Makran and moved upward to the fertile but thinly populated [[Punjab|Punjab plains]], which, since the 16th century, have been dominated by them.{{sfn|Wink|2002}}

===Descendants===
Afterwards, Jats lost their distinct identity in the Mesopotamia that they had previously. The 19th century Dutch orientalist [[De Goeje]] attempted to link Zutt with [[Romani people|Romani]] of Europe.{{sfn|Bosworth|2012}} Bosworth acknowledges that Romanis speak a North Western Indo-Aryan language but believes the thesis to remain unproven.{{sfn|Bosworth|2012}} However, the term ''[[Zott]]'' has persisted in Arab countries, albeit in a pejorative way, to describe them because of their Indian origins.{{sfn|Bosworth|1976|p=170}}

Kristina Richardson, however, agrees with the identification of the Zuṭṭ as the forerunners of the modern Romani and [[Dom people|Domari peoples]] and adds that this is supported by genetic and linguistic research. Rare genetic mutations have been identified in both the Jat of Pakistan and the Romani population of [[Slovakia]].{{sfn|Richardson|2021|p=22}} The Zuṭṭ were distinguished from the general population by their dark skin and thinness and made common cause with other outcast groups. [[Al-Jahiz]] in his writings uses the term ''kajār'' to denote a gypsy, and it is possible that the term has an origin from [[Indo-Aryan languages]] that the Zuṭṭ would have spoken.{{sfn|Richardson|2021|p=27}} [[Abu Dulaf al-Ijli]] counts the Zuṭṭ along with the [[Zanj]] as part of the Banū Sāsān, a "low-status group" who were "often enslaved" and the Banū Sāsān are often connected with the modern Romanis.{{sfn|Richardson|2021|p=27}}

It is believed that the Zutt later became what are now known as [[Marsh Arabs]] of Iraq.{{sfn|Wink|2002|p=157}}{{sfn|Westphal-Hellbusch|Westphal|1964|p=10}} However, genetic studies show that the Marsh Arabs harbor [[Mitochondrial DNA|mtDNAs]] and [[Y chromosome|Y]] chromosomes that are predominantly of Middle Eastern origin and despite the cultural influence from the Indian subcontinent, the genetic input is marginal.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Al-Zahery |first1=Nadia |last2=Pala |first2=Maria |display-authors=1 |year=2011 |title=In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: a survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq |journal=BMC Ecology and Evolution |volume=11 |issue= |article-number=288 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-11-288 |pmc=3215667 |pmid=21970613 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

==References==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{Cite book |last=Zakeri |first=Mohsen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VfYnu5F20coC&dq=zutt&pg=PA195 |title=Sāsānid Soldiers in Early Muslim Society: The Origins of ʻAyyārān and Futuwwa |date=1995 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-03652-8 |language=en}}
*{{Cite book |last=Wink |first=André |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC&dq=zutt&pg=PA160 |title=Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7Th-11th Centuries |date=2002 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-0-391-04173-8 |language=en}}
*{{Cite journal |last=Nizami |first=Khaliq Ahmad |date=1994 |title=Early Arab Contact with South Asia |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26196673 |journal=Journal of Islamic Studies |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=52–69 |jstor=26196673 |issn=0955-2340}}
*{{Citation |last=Bosworth |first=C. E. |title=al-Zuṭṭ |date=2012|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_8217 |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition |publisher=Brill |language=en |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_sim_8217|url-access=subscription }}
* {{Cite book |last=Malik |first=Jamal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAT1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA44 |title=Islam in South Asia: Revised, Enlarged and Updated Second Edition |date=2020 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-42271-1 |language=en|quote=|page=}}
*{{Cite book |last=Anthony |first=Sean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jeYxAQAAQBAJ&dq=Zutt&pg=PA352 |title=The Caliph and the Heretic: Ibn Sabaʾ and the Origins of Shīʿism |date=2011 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-21606-8 |language=en}}
*{{Cite journal |last=ʿAthamina |first=Khalil |date=1998 |title=Non-Arab Regiments and Private Militias during the Umayyād Period |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4057316 |journal=Arabica |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=347–378 |jstor=4057316 |issn=0570-5398}}
*{{Cite book |last=Bosworth |first=Clifford Edmund |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J-PxfFsmGcIC&dq=Zu%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%AD&pg=PA170 |title=The Mediaeval Islamic Underworld: The Banū Sāsān in Arabic Society and Literature. The Banū Sāsān in Arabic life and lore |date=1976 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-04392-3 |language=en}}
*{{Cite book |editor1-first=Robert |editor1-last=Haug |editor2-first=Steven |editor2-last=Judd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JQqtEAAAQBAJ&dq=Zu%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%AD&pg=PA225 |title=Islam on the Margins: Studies in Memory of Michael Bonner |date=2023-02-06 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-52783-6 |language=en}}
*{{Cite book |last=Codoñer |first=Juan Signes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ujOCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA197 |title=The Emperor Theophilos and the East, 829–842: Court and Frontier in Byzantium during the Last Phase of Iconoclasm |date=2016|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-03427-8 |language=en}}
*{{Cite book |editor=Ehsan Yarshater|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ky2rl0xN2SQC&pg=PA7 |title=The History of al-Ṭabarī Vol. 33: Storm and Stress along the Northern Frontiers of the ʿAbbasid Caliphate: The Caliphate of al-Muʿtaṣim A.D. 833-842/A.H. 218-227 |date=2015 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-0-7914-9721-0 |language=en|page=}}
*{{Cite book |last=Anooshahr |first=Ali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTN8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA76 |title=The Ghazi Sultans and the Frontiers of Islam: A comparative study of the late medieval and early modern periods |date=2008|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-04134-3 |language=en}}
*{{Cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Hugh N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XdFqgSBTYeYC&pg=PA98-IA12 |title=The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East |date=2006 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |isbn=978-0-7546-5909-9 |language=en}}
* {{cite book | chapter = Autonomous Egypt from Ibn Ṭūlūn to Kāfūr, 868–969 | first = Thierry | last = Bianquis | author-link = Thierry Bianquis | title = Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume One: Islamic Egypt, 640–1517 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | editor-last = Petry | editor-first = Carl F. | location = Cambridge | year = 1998 | isbn = 978-0-521-47137-4 | pages = 86–119 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=y3FtXpB_tqMC&pg=PA86 }}
*{{Cite book |title=The Jat of Pakistan|first1=Sigrid |last1=Westphal-Hellbusch|first2= Heinz|last2=Westphal |language=en|publisher=Duncker & Humblot, Berlin|date=1964|oclc=581010797}}
*{{Cite book |last=Maclean |first=Derryl N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kGxqygAACAAJ |title=Religion and Society in Arab Sind|date=1984 |publisher=McGill University |isbn=978-0-315-20821-6 |language=en|page=}}
*{{Cite book |last=Daftary |first=Farhad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qiyy6skgPfoC&pg=PA29 |title=Historical Dictionary of the Ismailis |date=2011|publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7970-6 |page=29 |language=en}}
*{{cite book|last1=Asher|first1=Catherine Ella Blanshard|last2=Talbot|first2=Cynthia|title=India before Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA269|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-80904-7|page=}}
*{{cite book |last1=Richardson |first1=Kristina |title=Roma in the Medieval Islamic World: Literacy, Culture, and Migration |date=2021 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9780755635788 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Roma_in_the_Medieval_Islamic_World/IcFPEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0}}

[[Category:Ethnic groups in Iraq]]
[[Category:Jat]]

Kharatalao Kumbharwada Assembly constituency

2026-04-09T18:09:21Z

JeanetteBracegir: added a info...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kharatalao Kumbharwada
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1951 <ref name="delimitation1951">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=DPACO (1951) - Archive Delimitation Orders - Election Commission of India |access-date= 9 December 2020 |pages=344-357}}</ref>
| abolished = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| electors = 52,422
| mla = Bandukwala Ishakbhai Abbasbhai
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation = None
}}
Kharatalao Kumbharwada Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].
==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Bandukwala Ishakbhai Abbasbhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Kharatalao Kumbharwada <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Bandukwala Ishakbhai Abbasbhai |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,306 |percentage = 69.56% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hooseini Salebhoy |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 6,947 |percentage = 25.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Damania Jayakishen Hirjivandas |party = Independent politician |votes = 781 |percentage = 2.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Parmekar Gangaram Bapu |party = Independent politician |votes = 721 |percentage = 2.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,359 |percentage = 44.53% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 27,755 |percentage = 52.95% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 27,755}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,422 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]][[Constituencies established in 1951]]
{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Viththal Dattatreya Ghate

2026-03-27T19:48:10Z

JeanetteBracegir: rework page per standard format

{{Short description|Marathi writer (1894–1978)}}
{{Multiple Issues|{{unreferenced|date=February 2011}}
{{notability|date=June 2025}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}

'''Viththal Dattatreya Ghate''' (1894–1978) was an educationist and a [[Marathi people|Marathi]] writer from [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. He was born in [[Ghorpuri|Ghospuri]] in [[Ahmednagar district]]. After spending his childhood in [[Ahmednagar]], he went to Gujarat. Later he lived in Malwa, Indore, Gwalher and came back to Maharashtra. He spent one year in London and later revisited there after 30 years.

His books include:

* ''दिवस असे होते'' Autobiography, 1961
* ''विचार-विलसिते''
* ''पांढरे केस, हिरवी मने''
* ''काही म्हातारे व एक म्हातारी''

He presided over [[Marathi Sahitya Sammelan]] in [[Ahmedabad]] in 1953.
His book ''Pandhre Kesa Hirvi Manne'' (Grey hairs, green hearts) tells the story of old people who have developed love for natural things and the love remains until their last breath.
He was the son of Marathi poet Dattatreya Ghate, who wrote poetry under the pen name ''Kavi Datta'' (कवी दत्त).

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghate, Viththal Dattatreya}}
[[Category:Marathi-language writers]]
[[Category:1894 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan]]

{{India-writer-stub}}

Ileana D'Cruz

2026-03-26T12:55:08Z

JeanetteBracegir: update formatting per sources

{{Short description|Indian-Portuguese actress (born 1986)}}
{{Pp-pc|reason=blp}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ileana D'Cruz
| image = Ileana D'Cruz grace the trailer launch of Raid (16).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = D'Cruz in 2018
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1986|11|01}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]], India
| citizenship = {{ubl|India (until 2014)|Portugal (from 2014)}}
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2006–present
| spouse = {{Marriage|Michael Dolan|2023}}
| children = 2<ref name="Ileana D'Cruz announces birth of second son Keanu Rafe Dolan; Priyanka Chopra congratulates her - PIC INSIDE">{{cite news |title=Ileana D'Cruz announces birth of second son Keanu Rafe Dolan; Priyanka Chopra congratulates her - PIC INSIDE |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ileana-dcruz-announces-birth-of-second-son-keanu-rafe-dolan-with-husband-michael-dolan-priyanka-chopra-congratulates-her/articleshow/122121470.cms |access-date=28 June 2025 |work=The Times of India |date=28 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250628043506/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ileana-dcruz-announces-birth-of-second-son-keanu-rafe-dolan-with-husband-michael-dolan-priyanka-chopra-congratulates-her/articleshow/122121470.cms |archive-date=28 June 2025}}</ref>
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Ileana D'Cruz|Full list]]
| signature =
| signature_size =
}}

'''Ileana D'Cruz''' (born 1 November 1986) is a Portuguese  actress who primarily appears in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Hindi]] films. She is the recipient of several accolades including a [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare Award]] and a [[Filmfare Awards South]].

D'Cruz made her screen debut in 2006 with the Telugu-language romantic-drama film ''[[Devadasu (2006 film)|Devadasu]]'', a commercial success, which won her the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut - South]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2023 |title=Traditional Beauty Ileana D'Cruz! |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/visualstories/entertainment/traditional-beauty-ileana-dcruz-25121-05-03-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827152228/https://www.indiatoday.in/visualstories/entertainment/traditional-beauty-ileana-dcruz-25121-05-03-2023 |archive-date=27 August 2019 |access-date=6 March 2023 |website=India Today}}</ref> D'Cruz established herself as a leading actress in [[Telugu cinema]] with successful films including ''[[Pokiri]]'' (2006), ''[[Jalsa]]'' (2008), ''[[Kick (2009 film)|Kick]]'' (2009), and ''[[Julayi]]'' (2012).<ref>[http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/apr/25slid1.htm rediff.com: 'Acting was never my dream'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063006/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/apr/25slid1.htm |date=4 March 2016 }}. Specials.rediff.com. Retrieved on 28 May 2011.</ref> She also starred in the Tamil film [[Nanban (2012 film)|''Nanban'']] (2012), which was a commercial success.<ref name="Sify.com">{{Cite web |date=21 January 2012 |title=Will Vijay's Nanban touch the Rs. 100 Crore mark? |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/will-vijay-s-nanban-touch-the-rs-100-crore-mark-news-tamil-mbvkqKbfhia.html?scategory=tamil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008221641/http://www.sify.com/movies/will-vijay-s-nanban-touch-the-rs-100-crore-mark-news-tamil-mbvkqKbfhia.html?scategory=tamil |archive-date=8 October 2013 |access-date=25 January 2012 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> D'Cruz expanded to Hindi cinema in 2012 with [[Anurag Basu]]'s comedy-drama ''[[Barfi!]]'', for which she won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]].<ref name="ileana">{{Cite web |date=19 September 2012 |title=How Ileana D'Cruz has made her mark in Bollywood with Barfi! |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/how-ileana-dcruz-has-made-her-mark-in-bollywood-with-barfi-461227.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115201749/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/how-ileana-dcruz-has-made-her-mark-in-bollywood-with-barfi-461227.html |archive-date=15 January 2021 |access-date=1 April 2020 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> She then played the leading lady in the box office successes—romantic comedy ''[[Main Tera Hero]]'' (2014), and the crime thrillers ''[[Rustom (film)|Rustom]]'' (2016) and ''[[Raid (2018 film)|Raid]]'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2013 |title=Ileana D'Cruz: The idea of dropping the jacket in Baadshaho was mine |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ileana-dcruz-i-cant-kiss-ass-to-get-work-maybe-that-put-a-speed-breaker-in-my-career/articleshow/60209472.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621081636/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/No-one-can-contain-me-Ileana-DCruz/articleshow/23101020.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=21 June 2014 |access-date=21 June 2014 |publisher=Coleman & Co. Ltd.}}</ref>

In addition to her acting career, D'Cruz is a prominent celebrity endorser for brands and products. D'Cruz is married to Michael Dolan, with whom she has two sons.<ref name="ileana" />

== Early life ==
Ileana D'Cruz was born to a [[Goan Catholic]] father and Muslim mother in [[Mahim]], [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai) on 1 November 1986.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-26 |title=Mubarakan actor Ileana D'Cruz explains how despite being a Goan girl, she transformed into a Punjabi character |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/mubarakan-actor-ileana-dcruz-goan-girl-she-transformed-into-a-punjabi-character-4768014/ |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ileana D'Cruz turns 30: Let the birthday girl and her beau Andrew Kneebone give you relationship goals |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/photo/happy-birthday-ileana-dcruz-boyfriend-andrew-kneebone-photos-1079928-2017-11-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012030130/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/photo/happy-birthday-ileana-dcruz-boyfriend-andrew-kneebone-photos-1079928-2017-11-01 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |access-date=11 August 2020 |website=India Today |date=November 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Priya |date=27 September 2013 |title=No one can contain me: Ileana D'Cruz |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/No-one-can-contain-me-Ileana-DCruz/articleshow/23101020.cms?referral=PM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621081636/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/No-one-can-contain-me-Ileana-DCruz/articleshow/23101020.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=21 June 2014 |access-date=21 June 2014 |website=The Times of India |publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.}}</ref> She is an [[atheist]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2016 |title='Rustom' actress Ileana D'Cruz confesses of being an atheist |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-rustom-actress-ileana-d-cruz-confesses-of-being-an-atheist-342238 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118024803/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-rustom-actress-ileana-d-cruz-confesses-of-being-an-atheist-342238 |archive-date=18 January 2023 |access-date=18 January 2023 |website=[[India TV]]}}</ref> Her family moved to [[Parra, Goa]] when she was 10 years old.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bollywood Calling Ileana D'Cruz! |url=http://beta.vivagoaonline.com/bollywood-calling-ileana-dcruz/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217090244/http://beta.vivagoaonline.com/bollywood-calling-ileana-dcruz/ |archive-date=17 December 2013 |access-date=16 December 2013}}</ref>

Her first modeling portfolio was created in January 2003, and D'Cruz called it a "disaster". Subsequent photo shoots and [[Runway (fashion)|ramp shows]] led to a second portfolio the following year, which landed her advertisements from [[Electrolux]], [[Emami]] Talc and [[Fair & Lovely (cosmetics)|Fair & Lovely]]. The latter, in particular, which was directed by [[Rakesh Roshan]], gave her exposure and brought in several offers for acting in feature films.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-just-who-is-ileana-dcruz-the-hot-actress-in-barfi/20120703.htm |title=PIX: Know more about Barfi!'s GORGEOUS Ileana! |access-date=25 July 2023 |archive-date=25 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725150720/https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-just-who-is-ileana-dcruz-the-hot-actress-in-barfi/20120703.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
=== Breakthrough (2006–2007) ===
In 2005, D'Cruz was called for an [[audition]] by director [[Teja (director)|Teja]], but the project was cancelled.<ref name="rediff2006">[http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/23slide2.htm rediff.com: The hottest heroine of Telugu cinema] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602175528/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/23slide2.htm |date=2 June 2011 }}. Specials.rediff.com (23 August 2006). Retrieved on 28 May 2011.</ref> She made her feature film debut the following year with the Telugu romance film ''[[Devadasu (2006 film)|Devadasu]]'', playing an NRI girl opposite [[Ram Pothineni]]. She underwent acting classes with Aruna Bhikshu, before starting to work on the film, and recalls that during filming she felt "pressured ... almost cried and didn't want to go further", but went ahead after her mother encouraged her, giving her "the lecture of a lifetime [...] at 3 am."<ref>[http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/23slide3.htm rediff.com: The hottest heroine of Telugu cinema] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604010656/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/23slide3.htm |date=4 June 2011 }}. Specials.rediff.com (23 August 2006). Retrieved on 28 May 2011.</ref> A critic from ''Indiaglitz'' stated that she "has chiseled features and a figure to die-for."<ref>[http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/review/8001.html Devadasu Telugu Movie Review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926145306/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/review/8001.html |date=26 September 2010 }}. IndiaGlitz (12 January 2006). Retrieved on 28 May 2011.</ref> The film became the year's first commercially successful Telugu film, eventually grossing around {{INR}}140 million,<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 December 2006 |title=A few hits and many flops |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/12/29/stories/2006122901630100.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=19 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103072925/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/12/29/stories/2006122901630100.htm |archive-date=3 November 2013}}</ref> whilst earning D'Cruz the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – South]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2008 |title=Bachchans, Chiranjeevi, Mammootty at the 54th Filmfare Awards (South) |url=http://movies.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-2260138%2Cflstry-1.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624153550/http://movies.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-2260138%2Cflstry-1.cms |archive-date=24 June 2008 |website=Indiatimes Movies}}</ref> D'Cruz next played an aerobics teacher, who is harassed by a corrupt police officer opposite [[Mahesh Babu]], in ''[[Pokiri]]''.<ref>[http://sify.com/movies/telugu/review.php?id=14194997&ctid=5&cid=2430 Movie Review:Pokiri] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020215514/http://www.sify.com/movies/telugu/review.php?id=14194997&ctid=5&cid=2430 |date=20 October 2012 }}. Sify.com. Retrieved on 28 May 2011.</ref> The film was a major commercial success, emerging as the highest-grossing Telugu film at the time.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 May 2007 |title='Pokiri' crosses magical 365-day mark |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/02/stories/2007050219160200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=21 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808070146/http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/02/stories/2007050219160200.htm |archive-date=8 August 2010}}</ref> The film proved to be her breakthrough, with Trade analyst Sridhar Pillai calling her the "new pin-up girl of Telugu cinema".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/i-want-to-do-challenging-roles/article134298.ece | title=I want to do challenging roles | work=The Hindu | date=7 November 2009 | access-date=9 August 2015 | last=Ganguly | first=Nivedita | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809044601/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/i-want-to-do-challenging-roles/article134298.ece | archive-date=9 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/new-pinup-girl/article3193632.ece | title=New pin-up girl | work=The Hindu | date=1 June 2006 | access-date=9 August 2015 | last=Pillai | first=Sridhar | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809044600/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/new-pinup-girl/article3193632.ece | archive-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> ''[[Sify.com|Sify]]'' found her to be "promising".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/pokiri-review-telugu-14194997.html|title=Movie Review : Pokiri|website=[[Sify]]|date=28 April 2006|access-date=1 November 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430080647/http://www.sify.com/movies/pokiri-review-telugu-14194997.html|archive-date=30 April 2014}}</ref> The film earned her nomination for [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=54th Filmfare Awards South Winners |url=http://indiainteracts.in/gossip/2007/08/08/2483/54th-Filmfare-Awards-South-Winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304215921/http://indiainteracts.in/gossip/2007/08/08/2483/54th-Filmfare-Awards-South-Winners/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=23 June 2020}}</ref>

In her third release of 2006, she made her Tamil film debut with ''[[Kedi (2006 film)|Kedi]]'' opposite [[Ravi Krishna (actor, born 1983)|Ravi Krishna]] and appeared opposite [[Ravi Teja]] in ''[[Khatarnak (2006 film)|Khatarnak]]'', both of which were box office failures.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Khatarnak: Watch at own risk!|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/dec/15khatarnak.htm|access-date=2021-07-29|website=[[Rediff.com]]|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729153135/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/dec/15khatarnak.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Her final release of the year, ''[[Rakhi (2006 film)|Rakhi]]'' opposite [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.|Jr. NTR]] was a box office success.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/14-years-of-rakhi-the-film-which-proved-ntrs-acting-prowess.html | title=14 years of Rakhi – the film which proved NTR's acting prowess | date=22 December 2020 }}</ref> D'Cruz first release of 2007, ''[[Munna (2007 film)|Munna]]'' opposite [[Prabhas]] was an average grosser.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-munna.html |title=Munna - Telugu cinema Review - Prabhas & Ileana |publisher=Idlebrain.com |date=2007-04-27 |accessdate=2014-04-22}}</ref> She then played a college student who is on the run from the home minister's crooked son, in ''[[Aata (2007 film)|Aata]]'' opposite [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]]. It was a box office failure.<ref>[http://sify.com/movies/telugu/review.php?id=14447106&ctid=5&cid=2430 Movie Review:Aata] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005091330/http://sify.com/movies/telugu/review.php?id=14447106&ctid=5&cid=2430 |date=5 October 2012 }}. Sify.com. Retrieved on 28 May 2011.</ref> Radhika Rajmani however stated, "Ileana is true to her character and her earnest performances is perhaps the saving grace of the film."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aata is disappointing|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/may/10ssaata.htm|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-04|website=[[Rediff.com]]|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070512203556/http://www.rediff.com:80/movies/2007/may/10ssaata.htm |archive-date = 12 May 2007 }}</ref>

=== Critical and commercial success in Telugu films (2008–2011) ===

D'Cruz played a college student in love with her sister's ex-lover in the 2008 film ''[[Jalsa]]'', opposite [[Pawan Kalyan]]. The film was a box office success and one of the year's highest grosser.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-02 |title=12 Years of Jalsa: 5 reasons why the Pawan Kalyan starrer was a hit |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/12-years-of-jalsa-5-reasons-why-the-pawan-kalyan-starrer-was-a-hit/photostory/74948425.cms |access-date=2020-08-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> She received largely positive remarks, with critics citing that she looked "pretty",<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/apr/02ssj.htm Review: Jalsa is no great shakes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018020216/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/apr/02ssj.htm |date=18 October 2011 }}. Rediff.com. Retrieved on 28 May 2011.</ref> and "damn cool".<ref>[https://archive.today/20130628022540/http://www.sify.com/movies/jalsa-review-telugu-14636127.html Movie Review:Jalsa]. Sify.com. Retrieved on 28 May 2011.</ref> Her performance won her the [[Santosham Best Actress Award|Santosham Award for Best Actress]] alongside her second Filmfare Best Actress – Telugu nomination.<ref>[http://www.ragalahari.com/functions/3159/santosham-awards-2008-presentation.aspx Santosham Awards 2008 Presentation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723231901/http://www.ragalahari.com/functions/3159/santosham-awards-2008-presentation.aspx |date=23 July 2011 }}. Ragalahari.com (21 August 2009). Retrieved on 28 May 2011.</ref> Her second release that year ''[[Bhale Dongalu (2008 film)|Bhale Dongalu]]'' opposite [[Tarun (actor)|Tarun]] received mixed reviews from critics and audience.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/bhale-dongalu-fight-it-out-malayalam-news-36655|title='Bhale Dongalu' fight it out - Malayalam News|date=18 February 2008|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref>

D'Cruz had three film releases in 2009. In her first film ''[[Kick (2009 film)|Kick]]'', she reunited with Ravi Teja, played a modern girl.<ref>[http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=14887144&cid=14625527 Kick takes bumper openings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119121343/http://sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=14887144&cid=14625527 |date=19 November 2010 }}. Sify.com (11 May 2009). Retrieved on 28 May 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/47373.html ‘Kick’ rocks the box office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625134800/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/47373.html |date=25 June 2012 }}. IndiaGlitz. Retrieved on 28 May 2011.</ref> It was a commercial success, becoming one of the highest-grossing films of the year.<ref>[http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/dec/14/slide-show-1-south-top-telugu-films-of-2009.htm Top Telugu films of 2009 – Rediff.com Movies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110404143617/http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/dec/14/slide-show-1-south-top-telugu-films-of-2009.htm |date=4 April 2011 }}. Movies.rediff.com (14 December 2009). Retrieved on 28 May 2011.</ref> A critic stated: "Ileana plays her part well. She is still as sexy as ever and the director exploits her charm and sex appeal to the hilt."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kick-review-telugu-14886664.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315053623/http://www.sify.com/movies/kick-review-telugu-14886664.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-03-15|title=Movie Review - Kick|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The film earned her third Filmfare Best Actress – Telugu nomination.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vying for the Lady in Black! |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Regional/News-Interviews/Vying-for-the-Lady-in-Black/articleshow/6143415.cms |url-status=live |access-date=31 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716230608/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Regional/News-Interviews/Vying-for-the-Lady-in-Black/articleshow/6143415.cms |archive-date=16 July 2010}}</ref> Her other two releases that year: ''[[Rechipo]]'' opposite [[Nithiin]] and ''[[Saleem (film)|Saleem]]'' opposite [[Vishnu Manchu]], performed poorly at the box office.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Ileana-says-she-has-the-best-roles-in-Tollywood/articleshow/5128098.cms Ileana says she has the best roles in Tollywood] . ''[[The Times of India]]''. Retrieved on 28 May 2011.</ref>

[[File:Ileana D'Cruz LFW.jpg|thumb|D'Cruz at an event]]

In 2010, D'Cruz had a special appearance in the Kannada film ''[[Huduga Hudugi]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2010/Nov/15/huduga-hudugi-a-breezy-entertainer-203020.html|title=Huduga Hudugi: A breezy entertainer|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=15 November 2010}}</ref> D'Cruz appeared in two films in 2011. Her first film that year was ''[[Shakti (2011 film)|Shakthi]]'', opposite Jr. NTR, where she played a minister's daughter. The socio-fantasy film was the costliest Telugu film ever made at {{INR}} {{formatnum:250000000}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Photos India Movies Cricket Sports Tech Auto World |title=Shakthi: Costliest Telugu film ever made? |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/3657.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206210332/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/3657.html |archive-date=6 December 2013 |access-date=17 August 2013 |publisher=CNN IBN}}</ref> It became a box office failure.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 April 2011 |title=Shakti movie review | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/movie-reviews/Shakti/movie-review/7851306.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922214015/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/shakti/movie-review/7851306.cms |archive-date=22 September 2018 |accessdate=24 May 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A ''Rediff.com'' critic criticised her performance.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rajamani |first=Radhika |date=1 April 2011 |title=Review: Shakti is a visual extravaganza |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-shakti/20110401.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127210339/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-shakti/20110401.htm |archive-date=27 November 2021 |accessdate=18 October 2011 |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Her next release ''[[Nenu Naa Rakshasi]]'', saw her play a YouTuber and vlogger opposite [[Rana Daggubati]]. Though the film was a failure, her performance was received positively by critics; an ''India Glitz'' reviewer described her as a "pleasant surprise in the film" as she "cried, smirked, looked hot, grabbed sympathy and made faces that were apt to the scenes",<ref>[http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/review/12823.html Nenu Naa Rakshasi Telugu Movie Review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110502065132/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/review/12823.html |date=2 May 2011 }}. IndiaGlitz (29 April 2011). Retrieved on 28 May 2011.</ref> Despite these failures, D'Cruz continued to be among the highest-paid actresses in South Indian cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sunayana Suresh |title=South's top earning heroines |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Souths-top-earning-heroines/articleshow/12675082.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712065731/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-16/news-interviews/31345560_1_kannada-film-industry-indian-film-local-girl |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=16 April 2012 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

=== Expansion to Hindi films and recognition (2012–2018) ===
D'Cruz appeared in four films in 2012. She first returned to Tamil films after six years with ''[[Nanban (2012 film)|Nanban]]'' opposite [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], where she played a doctor.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 November 2010 |title=I don't want to be a copycat of Bebo: Ileana |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/I-dont-want-to-be-a-copycat-of-Bebo-Shakila-/articleshow/6981421.cms |access-date=5 January 2012 |archive-date=21 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821005711/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/I-dont-want-to-be-a-copycat-of-Bebo-Shakila-/articleshow/6981421.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> A remake of the 2009 Hindi film ''[[3 Idiots]]'', it became a major financial success, grossing {{INRConvert|400|m}} at the box office on its first week.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pereira |first=Priyanka |date=6 August 2012 |title=Foreign Return |work=Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/foreign-return/984421/ |access-date=19 March 2021 |archive-date=4 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304043041/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/foreign-return/984421/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She received [[Vijay Award for Favourite Heroine]] nomination for the film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Naig |first=Udhav |date=14 May 2013 |title=7th Vijay Awards: Stars, big and small! |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/stars-big-and-small/article4714588.ece |url-status=live |access-date=25 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723070705/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/stars-big-and-small/article4714588.ece |archive-date=23 July 2021}}</ref> In her next film ''[[Julayi]]'', she played a travel agent's assistant opposite [[Allu Arjun]]. A box office success, it became one of the highest grossing Telugu film of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/trade/julayi-400 million.html|title=Julayi to join 100 crore club Allu Arjun is the 2nd best film to join and 2nd Mega hero to do so|publisher=idlebrain.com|access-date=25 August 2012}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ''[[CNN-IBN]]'' reviewer took note of her different characterization.<ref>{{cite web|title=Telugu Review: 'Julayi' is lacklustre|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/telugu-review-julayi-is-lacklustre/280937-71-218.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812163058/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/telugu-review-julayi-is-lacklustre/280937-71-218.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 August 2012|work=IBNLive|date=10 August 2012|access-date=17 August 2012}}</ref> She then played a taxi driver in ''[[Devudu Chesina Manushulu (2012 film)|Devudu Chesina Manushulu]]'', opposite Ravi Teja.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sashidhar AS, TNN |date=30 June 2012 |title=Ileana plays a taxi driver in DCM |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ileana-plays-a-taxi-driver-in-DCM/articleshow/14528285.cms |url-status=live |access-date=18 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317103440/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ileana-plays-a-taxi-driver-in-DCM/articleshow/14528285.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=17 March 2020}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews and eventually under-performed at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|date=2014-09-28|title=I keep family and films apart always: Ravi Teja|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140927/entertainment-tollywood/article/i-keep-family-and-films-apart-always-ravi-teja|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-18|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927220106/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140927/entertainment-tollywood/article/i-keep-family-and-films-apart-always-ravi-teja |archive-date=27 September 2014 }}</ref>

In her final release of the year, D'Cruz expanded to Hindi films with [[Anurag Basu]]'s ''[[Barfi!]]''.<ref>[https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/award/filmfare-award/2010-2/ Anurag Basu confirms Telugu actress Ileana D'Cruz opposite Ranbir in Barfee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003124508/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2010/12/13/15063/index.html |date=3 October 2012 }}. Bollywoodhungama.com (13 December 2010). Retrieved on 28 May 2011.</ref> She portrayed Shruti, a girl who leaves her true love for material comforts and the narrator, opposite [[Ranbir Kapoor]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2012 |title=50 Hottest Pics of Ileana D'Cruz |url=http://www.invectura.com/50-hottest-pics-of-ileana-dcruz-barfi-girl/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915093359/http://www.invectura.com/50-hottest-pics-of-ileana-dcruz-barfi-girl/ |archive-date=15 September 2012 |access-date=14 September 2012 |website=invectura.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Saptarishi Dutta |date=14 September 2012 |title=Review Round-Up: 'Barfi!' Charms |work=The wall street journal |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/09/14/review-round-up-barfi-charms/ |url-status=live |access-date=14 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916194231/http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/09/14/review-round-up-barfi-charms/ |archive-date=16 September 2012}}</ref> The film was a major commercial success, earning {{INRConvert|1.75|b}} worldwide, becoming one of the highest-grossing film of the year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2013 |title=Top Ten Worldwide Grossers 2012 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=5301&nCat= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602044123/http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=5301&nCat= |archive-date=2 June 2013 |access-date=18 January 2013 |website=Box Office India}}</ref> D'Cruz's performance earned her the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]], as well as several nominations for [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]. Rachit Gupta noted, "This is Ileana's first film but her fantastic performance is just a testament why the Telugu audience consider her a superstar. Of course it also helps that she is the most visually appealing in ''Barfi!'', out shining even the scenic hills of Darjeeling."<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rachit Gupta |title=Movie Review: Barfi! |url=http://filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-barfi-1257.html |url-status=live |magazine=[[Filmfare]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913160015/http://filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-barfi-1257.html |archive-date=13 September 2012 |access-date=13 September 2012}}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] stated, "Ileana leaves a lasting impression in her Hindi film debut, conveying both love and pain through those beautiful, expressive eyes."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajeev Masand |title=Masand: Go on, indulge your sweet tooth with 'Barfi' |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-indulge-your-sweet-tooth-with-barfi/291534-47-84.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916225143/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-indulge-your-sweet-tooth-with-barfi/291534-47-84.html |archive-date=16 September 2012 |access-date=14 September 2012 |publisher=CNN-IBN}}</ref> The film was chosen as [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film|India's official entry to the Oscars]] for the [[85th Academy Awards]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dubey, Bharti |date=22 September 2012 |title='Barfi!' to represent India at Oscars |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Barfi-to-represent-India-at-Oscars/articleshow/16508913.cms |url-status=live |access-date=23 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007075519/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-23/news-interviews/34040221_1_rajmouli-s-eega-official-entry-anhey-ghorhey-da-daan |archive-date=7 October 2012}}</ref>

In her only film of 2013, ''[[Phata Poster Nikhla Hero]]'', she played a social worker opposite [[Shahid Kapoor]]. The film was eventually declared a poor grosser at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=1515|title = Phata Poster Nikhla Hero - Movie - Box Office India}}</ref> A ''[[Times of India]]'' critic stated that she was "good with emotions but not so tuned into comedy yet."<ref>{{Cite news |last=TOI |title=Phata Poster Nikla Hero Review |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/movie-review/22807611.cms |url-status=live |access-date=11 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925151328/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/movie-review/22807611.cms |archive-date=25 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2014 |title=D'Cruz Missile |url=https://www.mansworldindia.com/currentedition/covers/dcruz-missile/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902151338/https://www.mansworldindia.com/currentedition/covers/dcruz-missile/ |archive-date=2 September 2021 |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=mansworldindia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> D'Cruz first release of 2014 was ''[[Main Tera Hero]]'', a remake of the Telugu film ''[[Kandireega]]''. She played a college student opposite [[Varun Dhawan]]. The film became a box office success.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/mainteraherosettobefourthhighestgrosserof2014 |title=Main Tera Hero Set To Be Fourth Highest Grosser of 2014 |work=[[Box Office India]] |date=18 April 2014 |access-date=20 March 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024104042/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/mainteraherosettobefourthhighestgrosserof2014 |archive-date=24 October 2014}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] noted, "Ileana pairs off well with Varun and does a reasonable job."<ref>{{cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |title=Main Tera Hero |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/590526 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616083828/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/590526 |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 June 2013 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=4 April 2014 |access-date=19 March 2018 |publisher=Hungama Digital Media Entertainment}}</ref> She then played a romance novelist opposite [[Saif Ali Khan]] in ''[[Happy Ending (2014 film)|Happy Ending]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/happy-ending-trailer-saif-pulls-castle-govinda-sums-bollywoods-mantra-1751347.html |title=Happy Ending trailer: Saif pulls a Castle, Govinda sums up Bollywood's mantra. ''Firstpost'' |date=11 October 2014}}</ref> The film underperformed at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Happy Ending - Movie - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2410 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918231011/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2410 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=18 September 2018 |website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>

[[File:Ileana D'Cruz at 'Baadshaho' media meet.jpg|thumb|D'Cruz at an event for ''[[Baadshaho]]'', in 2017]]

Following a year hiatus,<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2015 |title=I am on a small break: Ileana D'Cruz |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/i-am-on-a-small-break-ileana-dcruz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409085058/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/i-am-on-a-small-break-ileana-dcruz/ |archive-date=9 April 2016 |access-date=7 February 2016}}</ref> D'Cruz appeared opposite [[Akshay Kumar]] in the 2016 film ''[[Rustom (film)|Rustom]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumar begins 'Rustom' with a strong ensemble cast |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Akshay-Kumar-begins-Rustom-with-a-strong-ensemble-cast/articleshow/50706361.cms"Akshay |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film emerged as the [[List of Hindi films of 2016|fourth highest-grossing Hindi film of the year]], collecting more than 2 billion at the box office. D'Cruz played Cynthia Pavri, a character based on [[K. M. Nanavati v. State of Maharashtra|Sylvia Nanavati]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Kent Film Office|url=http://kentfilmoffice.co.uk/2016/07/rustom-2016//|title=Kent Film Office Rustom Article|date=31 July 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/rustom-2/box-office/|title=Box Office: Worldwide collections of Akshay Kumar's Rustom|date=23 April 2023|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=23 April 2023}}</ref> [[Anna MM Vetticad]] noted, "Illeana D’Cruz looks stunning in the film and does a decent job, but her characterisation is troubling."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/rustom-review-farcical-execution-in-this-akshay-kumar-starrer-results-in-a-silly-film-2951588.html/amp|title=Rustom review: Farcical execution in this Akshay Kumar starrer results in a silly film|date=23 April 2023|website=Firstpost|access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-rustom-15046.amp|title=Akshay Kumar's Rustom Movie Review|date=23 April 2023|website=[[Filmfare]]|access-date=23 September 2021}}</ref> In 2017, D'Cruz first played a talkative Punjabi girl in ''[[Mubarakan]]'', opposite [[Arjun Kapoor]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/mubarakan/movie-review/59794859.cms |title=Mubarakan Movie Review |work=[[Times of India]] |author=Meena lyer |date=28 July 2017 |access-date=28 July 2017}}</ref> The film was a moderate success at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-worldwide-collections-day-wise-break-mubarakan/ |title=Box Office: Worldwide collections and day wise break up of Mubarakan: Bollywood Box Office – Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=31 July 2017}}</ref> [[Saibal Chatterjee]] noted, "''Mubarakan'' gives Ileana far more space than other actresses and she makes the most of the opportunity."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mubarakan Movie Review: Anil Kapoor Lends Lustre To Proceedings Before Idiocy Quotient Peaks |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/mubarakan-movie-review-anil-kapoor-lends-lustre-to-proceedings-before-idiocy-quotient-peaks-1730251 |website=NDTV |accessdate=19 December 2018}}</ref> In the next film, ''[[Baadshaho]]'', she played a Rajasthani princess (a character based on [[Gayatri Devi]]), opposite [[Ajay Devgn]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=D'Cruz: Ajay Devgn is a bigger prankster than Akshay Kumar |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ileana-dcruz-ajay-devgn-is-a-bigger-prankster-than-akshay-kumar/articleshow/57234920.cms"Ileana |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ileana D Cruz wraps up Baadshaho Shoot |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-check-pic-ileana-d-cruz-wraps-up-baadshaho-shoot-2343372%22Ileana |website=[[Daily News & Analysis]] |date=4 March 2017 }}</ref> Kriti Tulsiani found her performance to be "superficial and unconvincing". It was a box office failure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baadshaho Movie Review: Ajay Devgn, Emraan Hashmi Starrer Is Too Much Glam, Less Meat |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/baadshaho-movie-review-ajay-devgn-emraan-hashmi-starrer-is-too-much-glam-less-meat-1507125.html |website=News28 |accessdate=11 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/milan-luthria-reveals-that-he-approached-kareena-kapoor-khan-and-katrina-kaif-for-ileana-dcruzs-role-in-baadshaho/articleshow/60119831.cms"Milan |title=Luthria reveals that he approached Kareena Kapoor Khan and Katrina Kaif for Ileana D'Cruz role in 'Baadshaho' |website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>

D'Cruz's first release of 2018 ''[[Raid (2018 film)|Raid]]'', saw her play an income tax officer's wife opposite Ajay Devgn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/lucknow/ajay-devgn-ileana-dcruz-begin-shooting-in-lucknow/articleshow/60449609.cms |title=Ajay Devgn-Ileana D'Cruz begin shooting in Lucknow |last=Misral |first=Itishree |date=11 September 2017 |access-date=21 March 2018 |work=[[Times of India]] |agency=[[The Times Group]]}}</ref> The film was a major commercial success.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/raid/box-office/|date=17 March 2018|title=Raid Box Office Collection | India | Day Wise | Box Office - Bollywood Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=3 July 2023|archive-date=14 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114085104/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/raid/box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref> Taran Adarsh stated that D'Cruz provides "depth" to her character.<ref>{{cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/raid/critic-review/raid-movie-review/ |title=Movie Review: Raid |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |publisher=Hungama Digital Media Entertainment |date=15 March 2018 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=27 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227122607/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/raid/critic-review/raid-movie-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref> With her next release, D'Cruz returned to Telugu films after six years. She reunited with Ravi Teja in ''[[Amar Akbar Anthony (2018 film)|Amar Akbar Anthony]]''. She played a multiple personality disorder patient.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2018 |title=D'Cruz set for Tollywood comeback, likely to reunite with Ravi Teja in Amar Akbar Anthony |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/ileana-d-cruz-set-for-tollywood-comeback-likely-to-reunite-with-ravi-teja-in-amar-akbar-anthony/story-bovLeW94N6xJcqIdxxyT8J.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617193319/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/ileana-d-cruz-set-for-tollywood-comeback-likely-to-reunite-with-ravi-teja-in-amar-akbar-anthony/story-bovLeW94N6xJcqIdxxyT8J.html |archive-date=17 June 2018 |access-date=17 June 2018}}</ref> Despite good expectations, the film failed at the box office.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 November 2018 |title=After Amar Akbar Anthony debacle, budget of Ravi Teja's next gets heavily slashed? |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/after-amar-akbar-anthony-debacle-budget-of-ravi-teja-s-next-gets-heavily-slashed-1394885-2018-11-23 |url-status=live |access-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714145808/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/after-amar-akbar-anthony-debacle-budget-of-ravi-teja-s-next-gets-heavily-slashed-1394885-2018-11-23 |archive-date=14 July 2020}}</ref> Hemanth Kumar CR found her to be "convincing".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/amar-akbar-anthony-movie-review-this-ravi-teja-ileana-dcruz-starrer-is-an-action-comedy-sans-any-thrills-5561901.html|title=Amar Akbar Anthony movie review: This Ravi Teja, Ileana D'Cruz starrer is an action-comedy sans any thrills|work=Firstpost|access-date=2018-11-17|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Career fluctuations (2019–present)===
In 2019, D'Cruz played a con woman in ''[[Pagalpanti (2019 film)|Pagalpanti]]'', opposite [[John Abraham]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2019 |title=Women's Day Special – John Abraham, Ileana D'Cruz starrer Pagalpanti has a female dominated crew and Anees Bazmee is all PRAISES for them! |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-womens-day-special-john-abraham-ileana-dcruz-starrer-pagalpanti-female-dominated-crew-anees-bazmee-praises/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308130039/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/news/features/exclusive-womens-day-special-john-abraham-ileana-dcruz-starrer-pagalpanti-female-dominated-crew-anees-bazmee-praises/ |archive-date=8 March 2019 |access-date=11 March 2019 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> Priyanka Sinha Jha of ''[[News18]]'' stated, "Ileana looks beautiful but has precious little to do."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Priyanka Sinha Jha |title=Pagalpanti Movie Review: Anees Bazmee's Madcap Comedy Misses the Mark |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/pagalpanti-movie-review-anees-bazmees-madcap-comedy-misses-the-mark-2396871.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123144652/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/pagalpanti-movie-review-anees-bazmees-madcap-comedy-misses-the-mark-2396871.html |archive-date=23 November 2019 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=News18 India}}</ref> The film failed at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/pagalpanti/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office|title= Pagalpanti Box Office|website=Bollywood Hungama|date= 22 November 2019|access-date=24 December 2019}}</ref> With no release in 2020, she played a journalist in the 2021 ''[[The Big Bull]]'' alongside [[Abhishek Bachchan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2019 |title=Abhishek Bachchan, Ileana D'Cruz Begin Filming Ajay Devgn's 'The Big Bull' |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/abhishek-bachchan-ileana-dcruz-begin-filming-ajay-devgns-the-big-bull-2310541.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227131128/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/abhishek-bachchan-ileana-dcruz-begin-filming-ajay-devgns-the-big-bull-2310541.html |archive-date=27 December 2019 |access-date=8 March 2023 |publisher=News 18}}</ref> Ronak Kotecha was appreciative of her "honest performance".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kotecha |first=Ronak |title=The Big Bull Movie Review: Don't let the stock of your expectations rise too high |language=en |work=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/the-big-bull/movie-review/81972756.cms |url-status=live |access-date=18 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417230207/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/the-big-bull/movie-review/81972756.cms |archive-date=17 April 2021}}</ref>

Following a three-year sabbatical, D'Cruz returned to films in 2024. She first played a dark-skin girl in ''[[Unfair & Lovely]]'', opposite [[Randeep Hooda]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2020 |title=Ileana D'Cruz's film 'Unfair & Lovely' to explore India's obsession with fair skin |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ileana-dcruzs-film-unfair-lovely-to-explore-indias-obsession-with-fair-skin/article32861674.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022094828/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ileana-dcruzs-film-unfair-lovely-to-explore-indias-obsession-with-fair-skin/article32861674.ece |archive-date=22 October 2020 |access-date=11 December 2020 |website=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2020 |title=Ileana D'Cruz and Randeep Hooda to tackle colour bias with comedy in Unfair And Lovely |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ileana-dcruz-and-randeep-hooda-to-tackle-colour-bias-with-comedy-in-unfair-and-lovely/articleshow/74642218.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718104515/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ileana-dcruz-and-randeep-hooda-to-tackle-colour-bias-with-comedy-in-unfair-and-lovely/articleshow/74642218.cms |archive-date=18 July 2020 |access-date=11 December 2020 |website=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref> Dhaval Roy stated, "Ileana shines as the endearing yet no-nonsense Lovely. But her makeup looks patchy and inconsistent throughout."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tera Kya Hoga Lovely Movie Review : Tackles colourism with humour, but could have been tighter |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/tera-kya-hoga-lovely/movie-review/108326889.cms |access-date=30 August 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In the same year, she played an emerging actress opposite [[Pratik Gandhi]] in ''[[Do Aur Do Pyaar]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vidya Balan, Pratik Gandhi, Illeana D'Cruz team up for the rom-com 'Do Aur Do Pyaar' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vidya-balan-pratik-gandhi-ileana-dcruz-team-up-for-the-rom-com-do-aur-do-pyaar-13623352.html |access-date=21 January 2024 |work=Firstpost |date=17 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' found her to be an "absolute delight".<ref>{{cite news |title=Do Aur Do Pyaar review: Vidya Balan, Pratik Gandhi wow in this tale of diminishing returns in relationships |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/do-aur-do-pyaar-movie-review-vidya-balan-pratik-gandhi-wow-in-this-tale-of-diminishing-returns-in-relationships/article68083006.ece/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=19 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Both films underperformed at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Do Aur Do Pyaar Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/do-aur-do-pyaar/box-office/|access-date=20 April 2024|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=20 April 2024}}</ref>

== Other work and public image ==
[[File:Ileana-D'Cruz.jpg|thumb|D'Cruz in 2017]]

D'Cruz has established herself as one of the leading actor of the [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Hindi]] cinema.<ref name="HBID">{{Cite web |date=21 December 2012 |title=Happy Birthday Ileana D'Cruz: Barfi to Raid, 5 MUST watch movies of the actress |url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/happy-birthday-ileana-dcruz-barfi-to-raid-5-must-watch-movies-of-the-actress-2529360.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101043706/https://zeenews.india.com/people/happy-birthday-ileana-dcruz-barfi-to-raid-5-must-watch-movies-of-the-actress-2529360.html |archive-date=1 November 2022 |access-date=1 November 2022 |website=Zee News}}</ref> ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' said that she is a "well-recognised name" in the South Indian film industry.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2017 |title=Ileana D'cruz: Then and Now! |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/ileana-dcruzs-complete-style-evolution |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827152228/https://www.vogue.in/content/ileana-dcruzs-complete-style-evolution |archive-date=27 August 2019 |access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] termed her "super efficient".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adarsh, Taran |date=12 September 2012 |title=Barfi – Review |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/barfi/critic-review/barfi-movie-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206094949/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/barfi/critic-review/barfi-movie-review/ |archive-date=6 February 2013 |access-date=11 April 2013 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> ''[[Verve (Indian magazine)|Verve]]'' noted, "D'Cruz makes the unreal seem believable on celluloid".<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2017 |title=Even after 11 years of working I get the jitters on the first day of shoot: Ileana D'Cruz |url=https://www.vervemagazine.in/people/even-after-11-years-of-working-i-get-the-jitters-on-the-first-day-of-a-shoot-ileana-dcruz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028205052/https://www.vervemagazine.in/people/even-after-11-years-of-working-i-get-the-jitters-on-the-first-day-of-a-shoot-ileana-dcruz |archive-date=28 October 2021 |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=Verve India}}</ref> She stood at the 18th place on ''[[Forbes India]]''{{'}}s most influential stars on Instagram in South cinema for the year 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the 30 most influential social media stars of South cinema |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/south-celebrity-special-2021/meet-the-most-influential-social-media-stars-of-south-cinema/71017/1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310062133/https://www.forbesindia.com/amp/article/south-celebrity-special-2021/meet-the-most-influential-social-media-stars-of-south-cinema/71017/1 |archive-date=10 March 2023 |access-date=17 December 2022 |website=Forbes India}}</ref> She was widely praised for her Hindi film debut ''[[Barfi!]]''. She was placed 2nd in ''[[The Times of India|Times of India's]]'' 10 Most Promising Female Newcomers of 2012 list.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Priya Gupta, Garima Sharma |date=29 August 2013 |title=The most promising newcomer female for 2012 is |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/The-most-promising-newcomer-female-for-2012-is/articleshow/22117759.cms |url-status=live |access-date=13 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113191713/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-29/news-interviews/41539535_1_wasseypur-bollywood-august-30 |archive-date=13 January 2014}}</ref> In 2012, ''[[Rediff.com]]'' placed her in their listing of the top 10 Bollywood actresses, where she ranked 8th.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2012 |title=Bollywood's 10 Best Actresses Of 2012 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-yearend-special-bollywood-s-top-ten-actresses-of-2012/20121221.htm#5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127161020/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-yearend-special-bollywood-s-top-ten-actresses-of-2012/20121221.htm |archive-date=27 January 2013 |access-date=2 February 2013 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> D'Cruz has been suffering from [[body dysmorphic disorder]]. She has been vocal about her body image issues.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive - Ileana D'Cruz speaks out about body image issues |url=https://www.femina.in/celebs/indian/ileana-dcruz-speaks-out-about-body-image-issues-141437.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019034407/https://www.femina.in/celebs/indian/ileana-dcruz-speaks-out-about-body-image-issues-141437.html |archive-date=19 October 2021 |access-date=17 November 2021 |website=Femina India |date=19 November 2019 }}</ref>

In addition to her acting career, D'Cruz is a prominent celebrity endorser for brands and products including Clear Shampoo with [[Virat Kohli]] and CavinKare with [[Akshay Kumar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2014 |title=Virat gets new girl for Ad; Ileana D'Cruz replaces Anushka Sharma |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket/virat-kohli-to-shoot-with-ilena-de-cruz-in-place-of-anushk-11476.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308172234/https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket/virat-kohli-to-shoot-with-ilena-de-cruz-in-place-of-anushk-11476.html |archive-date=8 March 2023 |access-date=12 January 2018 |website=India TV News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CavinKare signs Akshay Kumar, Ileana D'Cruz as brand ambassadors for Indica brand |url=https://in.fashionnetwork.com/news/Cavinkare-signs-akshay-kumar-ileana-d-cruz-as-brand-ambassadors-for-indica-brand,1180195.html#fashionweek-paris-chanel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128105755/https://in.fashionnetwork.com/news/Cavinkare-signs-akshay-kumar-ileana-d-cruz-as-brand-ambassadors-for-indica-brand,1180195.html#fashionweek-paris-chanel |archive-date=28 November 2021 |access-date=22 February 2019 |website=Fashion Network}}</ref> She is also the brand ambassador of [[Fiji|Tourism Fiji]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=FF Online |title=Tourism Fiji launches brand campaign with Ileana D'Cruz |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/tourism-fiji-launches-brand-campaign-with-ileana-dcruz/1272339/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808121216/https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/tourism-fiji-launches-brand-campaign-with-ileana-dcruz/1272339/ |archive-date=8 August 2018 |access-date=25 October 2020 |website=Financial Express |date=7 August 2018 }}</ref> D'Cruz has subsequently appeared on [[Times of India|Times' Most Desirable Women]] list, she was placed 20th in 2011 and 21st in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Times Most Desirable Women 2013: Ileana D'Cruz at 21 |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/celeb-themes/times-most-desirable-women-2013/illeana-dcruz/articleshow/35733895.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308172233/https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/celeb-themes/times-most-desirable-women-2013/illeana-dcruz/articleshow/35733895.cms |archive-date=8 March 2023 |access-date=22 December 2019 |website=Times of India}}</ref> D'Cruz has been associated with a number of causes. She has donated her clothes and accessories to raise money for renovating an animal hospital in [[Mumbai]] in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lipika Varma |title=Ileana D'Cruz donates to raise money |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131214/entertainment-bollywood/article/ileana-dcruz-donates-raise-money |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308145533/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131214/entertainment-bollywood/article/ileana-dcruz-donates-raise-money |archive-date=8 March 2023 |access-date=17 September 2019 |website=Deccan Chronicle |date=14 December 2013 }}</ref> She has walked the ramp for "Smile Foundation", to lend her support for girls education. In 2016, D'Cruz attended a charity event for the underprivileged kids.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2015 |title=Ramp For Champs: Rajkummar Rao, Jackky Bhagnani, Ileana D'Cruz walk for girls education |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ramp-for-champs-rajkumar-rao-jackky-bhagnani-ileana-dcruz-walk-for-girls-education/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308145533/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ramp-for-champs-rajkumar-rao-jackky-bhagnani-ileana-dcruz-walk-for-girls-education/ |archive-date=8 March 2023 |access-date=10 November 2021 |website=Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2016 |title=Click happy! Ileana D'Cruz and Lauren Gottlieb get into selfie mode at a charity event |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/click-happy--ileana-d-cruz-and-lauren-gottlieb-get-into-selfie-mode-17321178 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308145533/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/click-happy--ileana-d-cruz-and-lauren-gottlieb-get-into-selfie-mode-17321178 |archive-date=8 March 2023 |access-date=12 December 2020 |website=Mid Day}}</ref>

==Personal life==
D'Cruz acquired Portuguese nationality in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2014 |title=Embassy of India, Lisbon, Portugal : Speeches |url=https://www.eoilisbon.gov.in/speeches_detail/?id=8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729160119/https://www.eoilisbon.gov.in/speeches_detail/?id=8 |archive-date=29 July 2021 |access-date=29 July 2021 |website=Indian Embassy in Portugal}}</ref> In an interview with [[Verve (Indian magazine)|''Verve'']] in 2017, she claimed that Portugal was a part of her ancestry.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2017 |title="I'm Living A Brilliant Life And Juggling Time Between Family And Work" |url=https://www.vervemagazine.in/people/im-living-a-brilliant-life-and-juggling-time-between-family-and-work-questions-with-ileana-dcruz-bollywood |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729160118/https://www.vervemagazine.in/people/im-living-a-brilliant-life-and-juggling-time-between-family-and-work-questions-with-ileana-dcruz-bollywood |archive-date=29 July 2021 |access-date=29 July 2021 |website=[[Verve (Indian magazine)|Verve]] |language=en-US}}</ref> She was in a relationship with Australian photographer Andrew Kneebone, which ended in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ileana D'Cruz visited therapist after break-up with Andrew Kneebone, says she's 'doing well now' |work=NDTV |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ileana-dcruz-visited-therapist-after-break-up-with-andrew-kneebone-says-shes-doing-well-now-2129227 |date=8 November 2019 |access-date=21 November 2019}}</ref>

On May 13, 2023, D'Cruz married Michael Dolan and welcomed their first child, a son, on August 1, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2023 |title=Exclusive {{!}} Ileana D'Cruz is married: Her husband's name, marriage date revealed; here's who the mystery man is |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-ileana-d-cruz-s-husband-s-name-and-marriage-date-revealed-michael-dolan-koa-phoenix-dolan-3054736 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806035054/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-ileana-d-cruz-s-husband-s-name-and-marriage-date-revealed-michael-dolan-koa-phoenix-dolan-3054736 |archive-date=6 August 2023 |access-date=5 August 2023 |website=DNA India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ileana D'Cruz celebrates son Koa Phoenix Dolan's 1st birthday, shares pics with baby daddy Michael Dolan too |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/entertainment/ileana-dcruz-celebrates-son-koa-phoenix-dolans-1st-birthday-shares-pics-with-baby-daddy-michael-dolan-too-101723006267633.html |date=7 August 2024 |access-date=10 May 2025 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> On June 19, 2025, she gave birth to their second child, a son.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ileana D'Cruz, Michael Dolan welcome 2nd son Keanu Rafe Dolan, reveal his face; Priyanka Chopra sends wishes|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/ileana-dcruz-michael-dolan-welcome-2nd-son-keanu-rafe-dolan-priyanka-chopra-sends-wishes-101751076187487.html |date=28 June 2025 |access-date=28 June 2025 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role(s)
! scope="col" | Language(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan="5" |2006
! scope="row"| ''[[Devadasu (2006 film)|Devadasu]]''
| Bhanu
|rowspan=2 |[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Pokiri]]''
| Shruti
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Kedi (2006 film)|Kedi]]''
| Aarthi
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Khatarnak (2006 film)|Khatarnak]]''
| Nakshatra
|rowspan=9 |Telugu
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Rakhi (2006 film)|Rakhi]]''
| Tripura
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2007
! scope="row"| ''[[Munna (2007 film)|Munna]]''
| Nidhi
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Aata (2007 film)|Aata]]''
| Sathya
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2008
! scope="row"| ''[[Jalsa]]''
| Bhagyamathi "Bhagi"
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Bhale Dongalu]]''
| Jyothi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2009
! scope="row"| ''[[Kick (2009 film)|Kick]]''
| Naina
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Rechipo]]''
| Krishna Veni
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Saleem (film)|Saleem]]''
| Satyavathi
|
|
|-
| 2010
! scope="row"| ''[[Huduga Hudugi]]''
| Herself
|[[Kannada]]
| Special appearance in the song "Ileana"
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lakshminarayana |first=Shruti Indira |title=Nothing new in Huduga Hudugi |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-huduga-hudugi/20101112.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005062910/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-huduga-hudugi/20101112.htm |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011
! scope="row"| ''[[Shakti (2011 film)|Shakti]]''
| Aishwarya
|rowspan=2 |Telugu
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Nenu Naa Rakshasi]]''
| Meenakshi / Shravya{{efn|D'Cruz played a single character with two or more names|name=roles}}
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2012
! scope="row"| ''[[Nanban (2012 film)|Nanban]]''
| Ria Santhanam
| Tamil
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Julayi]]''
| Madhu
|rowspan=2 |Telugu
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Devudu Chesina Manushulu (2012 film)|Devudu Chesina Manushulu]]''
| Ileana
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Barfi!]]''
| Shruti Ghosh Sengupta
|rowspan=8 |[[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=How Ileana D'Cruz has made her mark in Bollywood with Barfi! |work=Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/how-ileana-dcruz-has-made-her-mark-in-bollywood-with-barfi-461227.html |url-status=live |access-date=1 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115201749/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/how-ileana-dcruz-has-made-her-mark-in-bollywood-with-barfi-461227.html |archive-date=15 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2013
! scope="row"| ''[[Phata Poster Nikhla Hero]]''
| Kajal Sharma
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2014
! scope="row"| ''[[Main Tera Hero]]''
| Sunaina Goradia
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Main Tera Hero Cast & Crew |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/main-tera-hero/cast/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115131324/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/main-tera-hero/cast/ |archive-date=15 November 2021 |access-date=15 November 2021 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=4 April 2014 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Happy Ending (2014 film)|Happy Ending]]''
| Aanchal Reddy
|
|
|-
| 2016
! scope="row"|''[[Rustom (film)|Rustom]]''
| Cynthia Pavri
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ileana D'Cruz is 'Glad' She Did Rustom. Here's What She Said |work=[[NDTV]] |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ileana-dcruz-is-glad-that-she-did-rustom-heres-what-she-said-1439877 |url-status=live |access-date=15 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115131601/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ileana-dcruz-is-glad-that-she-did-rustom-heres-what-she-said-1439877 |archive-date=15 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2017
! scope="row"| ''[[Mubarakan]]''
| Supreet "Sweety" Gill
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Baadshaho]]''
| Rani Gitanjali Devi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018
! scope="row"| ''[[Raid (2018 film)|Raid]]''
| Malini Patnaik
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Amar Akbar Anthony (2018 film)|Amar Akbar Anthony]]''
| Aishwarya / Pooja / Teresa{{efn|D'Cruz played a single character with two or more names|name=roles}}
| Telugu
|
|
|-
| 2019
! scope="row"|''[[Pagalpanti (2019 film)|Pagalpanti]]''
| Sanjana Paul
|rowspan="4" |Hindi
|
|
|-
| 2021
! scope="row"|''[[The Big Bull]]''
| Meera Rao
|
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abhishek Bachchan, Ileana D'Cruz Begin Filming Ajay Devgn's 'The Big Bull' |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/abhishek-bachchan-ileana-dcruz-begin-filming-ajay-devgns-the-big-bull-2310541.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922141555/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/abhishek-bachchan-ileana-dcruz-begin-filming-ajay-devgns-the-big-bull-2310541.html |archive-date=22 September 2019 |access-date=17 September 2019 |publisher=News 18}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2024
! scope="row"|''[[Tera Kya Hoga Lovely]]''
| Lovely Singh
|
| <ref>{{Cite news |title='Unfair and Lovely': Ileana D'Cruz and Randeep Hooda pen heartwarming notes as they wrap the film |work=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/unfair-and-lovely-ileana-dcruz-and-randeep-hooda-pen-heartwarming-notes-as-they-wrap-the-film/articleshow/79297717.cms |url-status=live |access-date=19 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119063002/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/unfair-and-lovely-ileana-dcruz-and-randeep-hooda-pen-heartwarming-notes-as-they-wrap-the-film/articleshow/79297717.cms |archive-date=19 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Do Aur Do Pyaar]]''
| Nora Kaushal
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vidya-balan-pratik-gandhi-ileana-dcruz-sendhil-ramamurthy-star-upcoming-romantic-comedy-drama/|title=Vidya Balan, Pratik Gandhi, Ileana D'Cruz and Sendhil Ramamurthy to star in an upcoming romantic comedy-drama|date=11 November 2021|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=11 November 2021|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111040631/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vidya-balan-pratik-gandhi-ileana-dcruz-sendhil-ramamurthy-star-upcoming-romantic-comedy-drama/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vidya-balan-pratik-gandhi-ileana-dcruz-sendhil-ramamurthy-starrer-titled-aur-pyaar-set-release-march-29-2024/|title=Vidya Balan, Pratik Gandhi, Ileana D'Cruz and Sendhil Ramamurthy starrer titled Do Aur Do Pyaar; set to release on March 29, 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=17 January 2024|access-date=17 January 2024}}</ref>
|}

== Accolades ==
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Ileana D'Cruz}}

D'Cruz has received a [[Filmfare Award]] and a [[Filmfare Awards South]] each. She won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – South|Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut—South]] for ''[[Devadasu (2006 film)|Devadasu]]'' and [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]] for ''[[Barfi!]]''.<ref name="FF">{{Cite web |date=10 July 2014 |title=Best Debutants down the years... |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/best-debutants-down-the-years-6681.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701125207/http://www.filmfare.com/features/best-debutants-down-the-years-6681.html |archive-date=1 July 2015 |access-date=21 January 2017 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmfare Awards 2013 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Watch-Filmfare-Awards-at-8pm-tonight/articleshow/18106184.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208161807/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-17/news-interviews/36445378_1_barfi-kahaani-vicky-donor |archive-date=8 December 2013 |access-date=21 January 2012 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Ileana D'Cruz}}
* {{IMDb name|2299825}}
* {{Instagram|ileana_official}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|ileana-dcruz}}

{{FilmfareAwardBestFemaleDebut}}
{{ScreenAwardBestFemaleDebut}}
{{Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:D'Cruz, Ileana}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:People from Panaji]]
[[Category:Actors from North Goa district]]
[[Category:Female models from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Female models from Goa]]
[[Category:Konkani people]]
[[Category:Portuguese film actresses]]
[[Category:Portuguese female models]]
[[Category:People who lost Indian citizenship]]
[[Category:Portuguese expatriates in India]]
[[Category:Portuguese people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Portuguese atheists]]
[[Category:Expatriate actresses in India]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Screen Awards winners]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]
[[Category:21st-century Portuguese actresses]]
[[Category:People with Overseas Citizenship of India]]

Kovai Babu

2026-03-26T09:24:27Z

JeanetteBracegir: added new pg

{{Short description|Indian comedian and actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox actor
| name = Kovai Babu
| image =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|03|29|df=y}}
| birth_place =Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| children =
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 1993–present
| website =
}}
'''Kovai Babu''' is an Indian actor known for his work in Tamil-language films.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vivek Sir-க்கு Dupe போட்டது பாக்கியம் : Kovai Babu Interview {{!}} The Legend Movie {{!}} Minor Kunju Comedy |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/vivek-sir-dupe-kovai-babu-interview-the-legend-movie-minor-kunju-comedy-tamil-videos-gH52KH0Xdxw |website=indiaglitz.com |date=August 2, 2022 |access-date=April 25, 2025}}</ref>

== Career ==
Kovai Babu became popular for his comedy track sequence in the role of Minor Kunjumani where he eventually shared screenspace with comedian Vivek for the film ''[[Kadhal Sadugudu]]'' (2003).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/134265-oru-oorla-oru-rajakumari-shooting-spot-arattai | title="கமலை ஏன் கிஸ் அடிக்கலை'னு கேட்கிறாங்க!" - 'ஒரு ஊருல ஒரு ராஜகுமாரி' ஷூட்டிங்ல மீட்டிங் - 14 | date=17 August 2018 }}</ref> He also made his presence felt in television soap operas with his hilarious performances in [[Star Vijay]] sponsored television soap opera ''[[Raja Rani (Tamil TV series)|Raja Rani]]''.

He was well known for acting as a replacement to veteran actor [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] in [[Kamal Haasan]] starrer ''[[Indian 2]]'' who unexpectedly died in 2021 due to congestive heart failure. Vivek's scenes were completed with Kovai Babu being the body double and his face digitally morphed to resemble Vivek.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-19 |title=How Late Actor Vivek's Portions In Kamal Haasan-starrer Indian 2 Were Shot |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/how-late-actor-viveks-portions-in-kamal-haasan-starrer-indian-2-were-shot-8971768.html#google_vignette |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Here's how Shankar filmed late actor Vivek's portion in 'Indian 2' |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/southcinema/here-s-how-shankar-filmed-late-actor-vivek-s-portion-in-indian-2/ar-BB1qgoQ5?apiversion=v2&noservercache=1&domshim=1&renderwebcomponents=1&wcseo=1&batchservertelemetry=1&noservertelemetry=1nderwebcomponents=1&wcseo=1&batchservertelemetry=1&noservertelemetry=1 |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref>

Due to Vivek and Venu's deaths before production of ''Indian 2'' could be completed, Shankar decided to use visual effects to complete their remaining scenes. Vivek's unprecedented death during the middle of the [[principal photography]] meant that the remaining portions involving Vivek had to be wrapped up by bringing on board another person resembling similar to Vivek and as a result the director of the film [[S. Shankar]] roped in Kovai Babu as a like-to-like replacement.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-19 |title=Indian 2 director Shankar brings back late actor Vivek to life in Kamal Haasan starrer; Here's how |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/indian-2-director-shankar-brings-back-late-actor-vivek-to-life-in-kamal-haasan-starrer-heres-how-1329969 |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-19 |title=Here's how Shankar filmed late actor Vivek's portion in 'Indian 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/heres-how-shankar-filmed-late-actor-viveks-portion-in-indian-2/articleshow/111858903.cms |access-date=2024-09-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Kovai Babu eventually completed his film portions in both [[Production of Indian 2 and Indian 3|''Indian 2'' and ''Indian 3'']] by acting as a body double for late actor Vivek.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kovai Babu shares his experiences about Indian 2 movie and journey of acting in serials. | Ulagam |url=https://astroulagam.com.my/videos/vF8C21CDA/kovai-babu-shares-his-experiences-about-indian-2-movie-and-journey-acting-serials-x9390no |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=astroulagam.com.my |date=31 July 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-18 |title=இந்தியன் 2 படத்தில் விவேக்கிற்கு டூப் போட்டு நடித்தது இந்த நடிகரா.? |url=https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/cinema-actor-covai-babu-is-the-one-who-played-doop-for-vivek-in-indian-2-1527600.html |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=News18 தமிழ் |language=ta}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{{Colbegin}}
*''[[Sundara Kandam]]'' (1992)
*''[[Parvathi Ennai Paradi]]'' (1993)
*''[[Kaalamellam Kaathiruppen]]'' (1997)
*''[[Shahjahan (film)|Shahjahan]]'' (2001)
*''[[Punnagai Desam]]'' (2002)
*''[[Kadhal Sadugudu]]'' (2003)
*''[[Military (film)|Military]]'' (2003)
*''[[Thirumalai]]'' (2003)
*''[[Adhu Oru Kana Kaalam]]'' (2005)
*''[[Ilakkanam]]'' (2006)
*''[[Kalvanin Kadhali (2006 film)|Kalvanin Kadhali]]'' (2006)
*''[[Pazhani (2008 film)|Pazhani]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Thenavattu]]'' (2008)
*''[[Sirithal Rasipen]]'' (2009)
*''[[Agam Puram]]'' (2010)
*''[[Kaththi]]'' (2014)
*''[[Palakkattu Madhavan]]'' (2015)
*''[[Adhibar]]'' (2015)
*''[[Vindhai]]'' (2015)
*''[[Veera Sivaji]]'' (2016)
*''[[Hara Hara Mahadevaki]]'' (2017)
*''[[Kathanayagan (2017 film)|Kathanayagan]]'' (2017)
* ''Santharpam'' (2022) (as writer and producer)
*''[[The Legend (2022 film)|The Legend]]'' (2022)
*''[[Veeran (2023 film)|Veeran]]'' (2023)
*''[[Indian 2]]'' (2024)
{{Colend}}

=== Television series ===
*[[Raja Rani (Tamil TV series)|''Raja Rani'']] (2017–2023)
*[[Oru Oorla Oru Rajakumari (TV series)|''Oru Oorla Oru Rajakumari'']] (2018)
*[[Kannedhirey Thondrinal (TV series)|''Kannedhirey Thondrinal'']] (2022–2023)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-18 |title=Actor Kovai Babu announces his exit from the TV show 'Kannedhirey Thondrinal'; Arvind Venkat to play the new Manivannan? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/actor-kovai-babu-announces-his-exit-from-the-tv-show-kannedhirey-thondrinal-arvind-venkat-to-play-the-new-manivannan/articleshow/100330302.cms |access-date=2024-09-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
*''[[Pudhu Vasantham (TV series)|Pudhu Vasantham]]'' (2023–present)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|10569352}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Babu, Kovai}}
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil comedians]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Tamil male television actors]]
[[Category:Television personalities from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Male actors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:1980 births]]

Parinayam (1994 film)

2026-03-24T15:48:18Z

JeanetteBracegir:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Parinayam
| image = Parinayam_movie.jpg
| caption = VCD cover
| director = [[Hariharan (director)|Hariharan]]
| producer = G. P. Vijayakumar
| writer = [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]]
| starring = [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]] [[Manoj K. Jayan]] [[Vineeth]] [[Nedumudi Venu]] [[Thilakan]]
| music = {{Plainlist|
* '''Songs''':
* [[Bombay Ravi]]
* '''Background score''':
* [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]
}}
| cinematography = [[S. Kumar (cinematographer)|S. Kumar]]
| editing = M. S. Mani
| distributor = Seven Arts
| released = {{Film date|1994|01|27|df=yes}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Parinayam''''' ({{translation}} ''Wedding'') is a [[Malayalam language]] [[Historical drama|period drama]] film, directed by [[Hariharan (director)|Hariharan]] and written by [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]]. The key characters are played by [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]], [[Manoj K. Jayan]] and [[Vineeth]]. The film also has a cast of character artists including [[Thilakan]], [[Nedumudi Venu]], [[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Sukumari]], [[Jagannatha Varma]], [[Valsala Menon]], [[Bindu Panicker]], [[Bahadoor]], and [[Shanthi Krishna]].

It won four [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]]s (Best Screenplay, Best Film on Other Social Issues, Best Music Direction, and Special Jury Award for Cinematography), as well as several Kerala State Film Awards, and two [[Filmfare Awards South]]. This film deals with the mental and physical agony that a young [[Namboothiri]] widow has to undergo for losing her chastity. ''Parinayam'' is loosely inspired by the life of [[Kuriyedathu Thatri|Kuriyedathu Thathri]] and revolves around [[Smarthavicharam|Smārthavichāram]] — a ritualistic [[Adultery laws|trial for adultery]] practiced among the [[Malayali Brahmin|Brahmins of Kerala]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Screenplays for ever|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/screenplays-for-ever/article6449094.ece|agency=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 September 2014}}</ref> It is often regarded as a classic in Malayalam cinema.

==Plot==
Unnimaya, a young girl, is married to Palakunnath Namboothiri, a man in his sixties. She is his fourth wife. Unnimaya is an educated girl hailing from Kizhakkedath Mana, a progressive family in Kerala. Due to various social and economic factors, she is compelled to marry Palakunnath Namboothiri, a rich gentleman. Coming from a progressive household, Unnimaya finds it hard to adjust to the severe orthodox practices at her new home. The sudden death of her husband brings her face-to-face with the customary rituals practiced among the Namboothiri community towards widowed women. She realizes that her widowhood makes her almost a shunned individual - one who cannot participate in any celebrations, or even attend any music/dance events or performances. Kunjunni Namboothiri, the elder son of Palakkunath, is the only person who shows compassion and support towards her. Kunjunni is actively involved in reforming the Namboothiri community and is considered a rebel among the orthodox community. Unnimaya meets Madhavan, an upcoming Kathakali artist, and falls in love with him. They share some intimate moments, and later Unnimaya realizes that she is pregnant. The orthodox Namboothiri community is shocked when it learns about her pregnancy and decides to excommunicate her through [[Smarthavicharam]]. A group of senior Namboothiris, under the leadership of Moothedath Bhattathiri, conducts a series of rituals, first to extract the name of the one who impregnated her, and then later, to throw her out of the community. Unnimaya expects Madhavan to come to her aid, but he lacks the courage to rescue her. Realizing that he is a coward and that she cannot expect him to deliver her out of the situation, Unnimaya decides to stand up to the orthodox Namboothiris. She answers their questions with clarity and confidence, angering them further. Ultimately, the decision is made to excommunicate her, and all the necessary rituals are completed. Kunjunni arrives as her savior. He gives her shelter at his home. The progressive Yogakshema Sabha, that he is part of, finds his ways too bohemian and dismisses him from the group. Madhavan, realizing his mistake, arrives to accept Unnimaya, but now she shows him the door, declaring that he is not the father of her unborn child and that the fathers are Arjuna, Bhima, Nala (the heroic characters performed by Madhavan as part of his dance performances). Unnimaya involves herself in social service and becomes a Congress volunteer, deciding to do something for the downtrodden members of the society.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]] as Unnimaya Antharjanam
* [[Manoj K. Jayan]] as Kunjunni
* [[Vineeth]] as Madhavan
* [[Ravi Menon]] as Krishnan
* [[Thilakan]] as Moothedam
* [[Nedumudi Venu]] as Aphan Namboothiri
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Mullassery
* [[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]] as Othikkan
* [[T. P. Madhavan]]
* Anoop Raja as Vasudevan
* KPAC Premachandran as Thekkumthala Govindan
* [[Sukumari]] as Kunjikavu
* [[Shanthi Krishna]] as Mathu
* [[Bahadoor]] as Kizhakkedam
* [[Jagannatha Varma]] as Palakkunnam
* [[Anila Sreekumar]] as Nanikutty
* [[Santhakumari (Malayalam actress)|Santhakumari]] as Madhavan's Mother
* [[Bindu Panicker]] as cheriya Athemaru
* [[Valsala Menon]] as Valiya Athemaru
* Babu Swamy
* Premachandran
* Sreejaya
}}

==Soundtrack==

The acclaimed soundtrack of this movie was composed by maestro [[Ravi (music director)|Bombay Ravi]] for which the acclaimed lyrics were penned by [[Yusufali Kechery]]. All the songs of this movie were instant hits.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Track !! Song title !! Singer(s) !! [[Raga]]
|-
| 1 || "Anchu Sharangalum" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[Mand (singing style)|Maand]]
|-
| 2 || "Samaja Sancharini" || K. J. Yesudas || [[Kambhoji]]
|-
| 3 || "Parvanendu Mukhi" || [[K. S. Chithra]], [[Choir|Chorus]] || [[Mohanam]]
|-
| 4 || "Vaishakha Pournamiyo" || K. S. Chithra || [[Kalyani (raga)|Kalyani]]
|-
| 5 || "Shanthakaram" || K. S. Chithra || [[Anandabhairavi]]
|-
| 6 || "Samaja Sancharini" || K. S. Chithra || Kambhoji
|-
| 7 || "Vaishakha Pournamiyo" || K. J. Yesudas || Kalyani
|-
|}

==Awards==
; [[National Film Awards]]<ref name="42ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=https://www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/75_42ndNfacatalogue.pdf|title=42nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref>
* [[National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues|Best Film on Other Social Issues]] - G. P. Vijayakumar
* [[National Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] - [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Music Direction|Best Music Direction]] - [[Ravi (music director)|Bombay Ravi]]
* [[National Film Award – Special Mention (feature film)|Special Mention]] for Cinematography - S. Kumar

; [[Kerala State Film Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Film Awards 1994 |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards3.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234157/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards3.htm |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=Department of Information and Public Relations (Kerala)}}</ref>
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]] - G. P. Vijayakumar
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Screen Play|Best Screenplay]] - M. T. Vasudevan Nair
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] - [[K. J. Yesudas]]
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]] - [[K. S. Chithra]]
* [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Lyrics|Best Lyricist]] - [[Yusuf Ali Kechery]]

; [[Filmfare Awards South]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=42nd South Filmfare Awards |url=https://archive.org/download/42ndAnnualFilmfaresouthawardsTeluguMalayalamwinners/IMG_20161006_074048%5B1%5D.jpg |publisher=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref>
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Malayalam|Best Director – Malayalam]] - Hariharan
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Malayalam|Best Music Director – Malayalam]] - Bombay Ravi

== Controversy ==
September 1, 2024, [[Charmila]] and her friend Vishnu alleged [[Hariharan (director)|Hariharan]] asked Charmila for sexual favors during film's audition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/09/01/actor-vishnu-confirms-charmila-allegations-director-hariharan.html|title=Actor Vishnu confirms Charmila's allegations against director Hariharan |publisher=Onmanorama}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0230623}}

{{Hariharan (director)}}
{{KeralaStateFilmAwardBestFilm}}
{{National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues}}

[[Category:1994 films]]
[[Category:1994 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ravi]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by M. T. Vasudevan Nair]]
[[Category:Films directed by Hariharan]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films about widowhood in India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ottapalam]]
[[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]]
[[Category:Films whose writer won the Best Original Screenplay National Film Award]]
[[Category:Best Film on Other Social Issues National Film Award winners]]

Cello World

2026-03-13T08:56:00Z

JeanetteBracegir:

{{Short description|Household goods company in Mumbai, India}}

{{Multiple issues|
{{notability|1=Companies|date=October 2024}}
{{COI|date=January 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}

{{Infobox company
| name = Cello World
| logo = Cello World.svg
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| logo_padding =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{BSE|544012}} {{NSE|CELLO}}
| ISIN = INE0LMW01024
| industry = [[Houseware]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|1967}}<ref>{{cite news|title=India's newest billionaire is casserole king Pradeep Rathod after Cello World's successful stock market debut|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/india/indias-newest-billionaire-is-casserole-king-pradeep-rathod-after-cello-worlds-successful-stock-market-debut/articleshow/105141900.cms|date=2023-11-11|access-date=2024-11-01|website=Economic Times}}</ref>
| founder = 
| hq_location = Cello House, Corporate Avenue, B Wing, Sonawala Rd, Goregaon(East)400063<ref>{{cite web|title=CELLO INDUSTRIES PRIVATE LIMITED|url=https://m.economictimes.com/company/cello-industries-private-limited/U25209MH2018PTC310307|access-date=2024-11-01|website=Economic Times}}</ref>
| hq_location_city = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]
| hq_location_country = India
| area_served = {{unbulleted list|India|Middle East|Europe|South America}}<ref>{{cite web|title=How Cello Created a Rs 1,500 Cr Empire By Introducing Casseroles to Indian Kitchens|url=https://thebetterindia.com/259351/india-icon-cello-brand-history-casserole-pen-steelware-glassware//|year=2021|access-date=2024-10-31|author=Himanshu Nitnaware|website=The Better India}}</ref>
| key_people = {{bulleted list|Pradeep Ghisulal Rathod ([[Chief executive officer|MD]] & [[Chairman]])|Pankaj Ghisulal Rathod (Joint MD)|Gaurav Pradeep Rathod (Joint MD)}}
| products =
| brands =
| production =
| production_year = 
| revenue = {{INRConvert|2000.26|c|lk=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Cello World Profit & Loss Annual|url=https://www.livemint.com/cello-world/profit-loss-annual/companyid-s0005593|date=2024-10-30|access-date=2024-10-30|website=mint}}</ref>
| revenue_year = FY24
| operating_income =
| income_year = 
| net_income = 
| net_income_year = 
| assets =
| assets_year = 
| equity =
| equity_year = 
| owners = Rathod family (78%)<ref>{{cite web|title=From kitchenware to billionaire status: Meet Pradeep Rathod, Chairman of Cello World; Know about his early life, education, and net worth|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-from-kitchenware-to-billionaire-status-meet-pradeep-rathod-chairman-of-cello-world-know-about-his-early-life-education-and-net-worth-3326814/#:~:text=As%20the%20Chairman%20and%20Managing,and%20son%2C%20Gaurav%20Pradeep%20Rathod.|date=2023-12-04|access-date=2024-10-30|website=Financial Express}}</ref>
| members =
| members_year = 
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year = 
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| module = 
| website = {{URL|http://www.celloworld.com/|celloworld.com}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Cello World Ltd''' is an Indian [[houseware]] company based in [[Mumbai]].

[[File:Acetech 2025, Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (97).jpg|thumb|right|Cello World at Acetech 2025, [[Bangalore International Exhibition Centre|BIEC]] ]]

==History==
The company was founded in 1967, when Ghisulal Rathod started a plastic industry with seven machines and sixty workers to manufacture plastic bangles and PVC footwear in Goregaon. In 1982, the group introduced plastic houseware products. This was followed by the setting up of thermo-ware product factory in 1986.
Later, the company ventured into the manufacturing of plastic-moulded furniture in 1994.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cello — the plastics to steelware company that made owning a houseware business 'fashionable'|url=https://theprint.in/feature/brandma/cello-the-plastics-to-steelware-company-that-made-owning-a-houseware-business-fashionable/632913/?|date=2021-04-03|access-date=2024-10-30|author=Tenzin Zompa|editor=Rachel John|website=The Print|quote="The launch of the company can be traced back to 1967, when Ghisulal Rathod, late founder and chairman of the Cello Group,..."}}</ref> The plastic furniture division is called Wim Plast Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|title=Here's all you need to know about Pradeep Rathod — the new entrant in India's billionaire club|url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-pradeep-rathod-the-new-entrant-in-indias-billionaire-club|date=2023-12-03|access-date=2024-11-01|author=Gaurav Sonavane|website=GQ India}}</ref>

In 1995, the company started offering pens with Swiss tips and German ink. In 2009, French stationery major [[Bic (company)|BiC]] acquired 40% equity stake in the writing business of Cello for ₹790 crore at a valuation of ₹1975 crore ($402.5 million). The remaining stake was bought by the company in 2015 and renamed to BIC Cello (India). Cello group later re-entered the industry under a new brand, 'Unomax', in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cello marches ahead|url=https://businessindia.co/magazine/cello-marches-ahead|date=2021-01-25|access-date=2024-10-30|author=Arbind Gupta|website=Business India}}</ref>

In 2017, the group launched its glassware products. They signed [[Amitabh Bachchan]] as the brand ambassador in October 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cello: Back after a lunch break|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/how-we-survived/cello-back-after-a-lunch-break/65661/1|date=2021-03-30|access-date=2024-10-31|author=Rajiv Singh|website=Forbes India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Cello aims 20 pct market share in cookware category|url=https://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/cello-aims-20-pct-market-share-in-cookware-category/80325814|date=2021-01-18|access-date=2024-10-31|website=ET Retail}}</ref>

The company was listed on the stock exchanges in November 2023.<ref>{{cite web|title=How Pradeep Rathod Turned Plastic Bangles Manufacturer Cello World Into A Rs 16,000-crore Company|url=https://www.news18.com//business/how-pradeep-rathod-turned-plastic-bangles-manufacturer-cello-world-into-a-rs-16000-crore-company-8821380.html|date=2024-03-19|access-date=2024-10-31|website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Cello World's chairman Pradeep Rathod enters billionaire club after IPO success|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/cello-worlds-chairman-pradeep-rathod-enters-billionaire-club-after-ipo-success-405494-2023-11-12|date=2023-11-12|access-date=2024-11-01|website=Business Today}}</ref>

==Operations==
The company has thirteen manufacturing facilities in five locations in India. It makes consumer houseware products, opalware and glassware, writing instruments and stationery products, and moulded furniture and allied products.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cello World IPO: Should you subscribe to it? Here's what 5 of top brokerages say|url=https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/cello-world-ipo-should-you-subscribe-to-it-heres-what-top-brokerages-say-11698737740307.html|author= A Ksheerasagar|date=2023-10-31|access-date=2024-11-01|website=mint}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Cello World plots glass tableware facility in India|author=Greg Morris|url=https://www.glass-international.com/news/cello-world-plots-glass-tableware-facility-in-india|date=2024-04-10|access-date=2024-10-31|website=Glass International}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Cello World expects its soda lime glassware business to start revenue contribution from first half FY25|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/earnings/cello-world-soda-lime-glassware-business-fy25-gaurav-rathod-19460742.htm|author1=Ekta Batra|author2=Sonal Bhutra|date=2024-08-16|access-date=2024-10-31|website=CNBC TV18}}</ref>

The stationery products manufacturing facilities are located in Daman, Uttarakhand, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cello Group re-enters stationery business after five years|url=https://m.economictimes.com/industry/services/retail/cello-group-re-enters-stationery-business-after-five-years/_articleshow/78600539.cms|date=2021-01-25|access-date=2024-10-30|website=Economic Times}}</ref>

==Lawsuits and controversies==

On 26 April 2016, the [[Gujarat High Court]] set aside [[Gandhinagar district|Gandhinagar District]] Court’s order preventing Cello's Wimplast Ltd from selling its air cooler models Tower-25, Tower-50, Wave and Marvel after Symphony filed a case against Wim Plast.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gujarat HC rules in favour of Wim Plast to sell air coolers|url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/content/b2b-plastics-polymers/gujarat-hc-rules-in-favour-of-wim-plast-to-sell-air-coolers-116042700438_1.html|date=2016-04-27|access-date=2024-10-31|website=Business Standard}}</ref>

In October 2023, a company called Shree Vallabh Metals had secured an injunction from [[Delhi High Court]] against the use of the Max Fresh trademark by Cello Plastic Industrial Works.<ref>{{cite web|title=Trademark dispute over tiffin box: Delhi HC takes notes of CELLO's intent to resolve suit amicably|url=https://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com//news/books-and-stationery/stationery/trademark-dispute-over-tiffin-box-delhi-hc-takes-notes-of-cellos-intent-to-resolve-suit-amicably/110768433|date=2024-06-06|access-date=2024-10-31|website=ET Retail}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category}}

[[Category:Companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1967]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]

Amma (1952 film)

2026-03-04T05:02:30Z

JeanetteBracegir: page edit

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Amma-1952.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = Jairus Paul Victor
| producer = [[T. E. Vasudevan]]
| writer = [[Nagavally R. S. Kurup]]
| based_on =
| starring = [[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]] [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]] [[B. S. Saroja]] [[Aranmula Ponnamma]] [[M. N. Nambiar]] [[T. S. Durairaj]] P. M. Devan Gopalan Nair [[T. S. Muthaiah]] Sharma [[Paul Vengola]]
| music = [[V. Dakshinamurthy]]
| cinematography = V. Rajagopal
| editing = R. Rajagopal
| studio = Associated Producers
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1952|12|6|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}10 lakh
}}
'''''Amma''''' ({{translation|Mother}}) is a 1952 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film directed by Jairus Paul Victor, written by [[Nagavally R. S. Kurup]] and produced by T. E. Vasudevan. The film is based on L. V. Prasad's Telugu movie ''[[Shavukaru|Shavukar]]''.

The film was a moderate success at the box office.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vasudevan |first=T. E. |last2=Hussain |first2=P. Zakir |date=June 2014 |title=സിനിമയില്‍ സത്യമില്ല സകലതും അഭിനയമാണ് |url=http://www.madhyamam.com/weekly/2837 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712011013/http://www.madhyamam.com/weekly/2837 |archive-date=12 July 2014 |access-date=3 July 2014 |work=Madhyamam Weekly |language=ml}}</ref> It was one of the two films that enjoyed success among the 11 Malayalam films which released in 1952, the other being the [[Prem Nazir]]-starrer ''[[Visappinte Vili]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kalariykkal |first=Mohandas |date=April 2011 |title=അബ്ദുള്‍ ഖാദര്‍ പ്രേം നസീര്‍ ആയ കഥ |url=https://www.janmabhumidaily.com/detailed-story?newsID=136823&page=0&subpage=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231092336/https://www.janmabhumidaily.com/detailed-story?newsID=136823&page=0&subpage=1 |archive-date=31 December 2018 |access-date=15 August 2020 |work=[[Janmabhumi]] |language=Malayalam}}</ref>

The film was also made in Tamil with the same title; ''Amma''. [[Sandilyan]] wrote the dialogues.<ref name="lakshmansruthi">{{Cite web |title=1952 – அம்மா – அசோசியேட் புரொடக்ஸ் (த-ம) |trans-title=1952 – Amma – Associate Product. (ta-ma) |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1952-cinedetails3.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170619043521/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1952-cinedetails3.asp |archive-date=19 June 2017 |access-date=19 June 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{no plot|date=October 2024}}

== Cast ==
{{Col-begin|width=65%}}
{{Col-2}}
;Male cast
*[[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]]
*[[M. N. Nambiar]]
*[[T. S. Durairaj]]
*P. M. Devan
*Gopalan Nair
*[[T. S. Muthaiah]]
*Sharma
{{Col-2}}
;Female cast
*[[B. S. Saroja]]
*[[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]]
*[[Aranmula Ponnamma]]
*[[Santha Kumari|P. Shanthakumari]]
{{Col-end}}

== Soundtrack ==

[[File:Amma 1952 Tamil film.jpg|thumb|150px|Poster of the Tamil version]]
Music was composed by [[V. Dakshinamurthy]] for both Malayalam and Tamil editions.
;Malayalam
There were 14 songs in the film and many were hits. Lyrics were penned by P. Bhaskaran. [[Playback singer]]s were [[V. Dakshinamurthy]] (debut), Gokulapalan (debut), [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] (debut in Malayalam), Balakrishnan (AIR artiste) and [[P. Leela]].<ref name="hindu">{{Cite web |last=Vijayakumar |first=B. |date=30 August 2008 |title=AMMA 1952 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/enspAMMA-1952/article15388439.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170619045651/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/enspAMMA-1952/article15388439.ece |archive-date=19 June 2017 |access-date=19 June 2017 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

;Tamil
Lyrics were penned by Chidambaram Varadarajan. One song by [[Subramania Bharati|Mahakavi Bharathiyar]] was also included in the film.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam — Part 1 |date=December 2014 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=30 |language=Tamil}}</ref>

"Ammaave Deivam Ulaginile", sung by [[Jikki]] and "Idhai Yaarodum Sollavum Koodaadhu", sung by T. A. Mothi and Janamma were hits.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer/s !! Lyricist
|-
| "Jayamundu Bayamillai Maname" || rowspan=2|[[P. Leela]]|| [[Subramania Bharati|Mahakavi Bharathiyar]]
|-
| "Vedhanaiyaal Kann Kalangkida" || rowspan=13|Chidambaram Varadarajan
|-
| "Ammaave Deivam Ulaginile" || [[Jikki]]
|-
| "Anaivarumae Varuveer" || Lalitha & group
|-
| "Padagae Namadhu Thunaiye" || [[V. Dakshinamurthy]], P. Leela & group
|-
| "Aandavan Padaipilae" || rowspan=2|V. Dakshinamurthy & P. Leela
|-
| "Nal Thiruvonam Varudhe"
|-
| "Vidhiyo Paingkili" || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]]
|-
| "Udamaiyum Varumaiyum" || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|-
| "Rohttu Maele Motaaru" ||
|-
| "Varuvaai Aasai Kiliye" ||Gokulapalan & Jikki
|-
| "Vaazhvilum Thaazhvilum Maathaave" ||
|-
| "Varuga Varuga Yen Sodharikarl" || Lalitha
|-
| "Idhai Yaarodum Sollavum" || T. A. Mothi & Jaanamma
|}

== Reception ==
Both Malayalam and Tamil editions of the film fared well at the box office. The film is remembered for the outstanding acting by Aranmula Ponnamma. The film will also be remembered for the debut of Gokulapalan and Dakshinamoorthy as playback singers.<ref name="hindu" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1952 Indian films]]
[[Category:1950s Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1952 multilingual films]]
[[Category:1952 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1952 drama films]]
[[Category:1952 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by V. Dakshinamoorthy]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Prem Geet (1981 film)

2026-03-03T23:52:21Z

JeanetteBracegir: Put Up Basic Pg W/ Sources.

{{More citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Prem Geet
| image = Prem geet poster.jpg

| alt =
| caption =
| director = Sudesh Issar
| producer = Pawan Kumar Lakhan Sinha
| writer = Shashi Bhushan
| screenplay = Shashi Bhushan
| story =
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring = [[Raj Babbar]] [[Anita Raj]]
| music = [[Jagjit Singh]]
| cinematography = K.R. Murthy
| editing = Gurudutt Shiral Waman B. Bhosle
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1981|09|25|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = [[Standard Hindi|Hindi]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Prem Geet''''' is a 1981 [[India]]n [[Hindi]]-language film directed by [[Sudesh Issar]]. It stars [[Raj Babbar]] and [[Anita Raj]]. This was the debut film of Anita Raj.

==Plot==
Akash Bhardwaj ([[Raj Babbar]]) is a famous poet under the pen name Nishant, which is unknown to his father Mr. Bhardwaj ([[Madan Puri]]) and mother Mrs. Laxmi Bhardwaj ([[Showkar Janaki]]). Asha (Rajni Sharma), his sister's friend loves him, but he doesn't reciprocate her feelings.

On a college excursion to Shimla, he comes across famous dancer Shikha ([[Anita Raj]]) and falls in love with her. Unaware that he is the famous poet Nishant whom she likes, she insults him. In a party during the song "Hothon Se Chhulo Tum", she finally found out that Akash is Nishant and she confesses her love. His father, who wants to see him as a qualified doctor, doesn't approve of the relationship. His marriage is fixed with Asha against his will. Here the story takes a turn as Shikha is diagnosed with Brain Tumor in the final stage and has only few days to live. Akash asks his friend Dr. Amar (Shashi Ranjan) to hide her illness from Shikha to save her from any shock and keep her happy. He convinces his father for his marriage with Shikha, informing him about her medical condition. They are married with the initial disapproval of his mother and sister, but later everyone starts liking her.

After 3 months of marriage, symptoms start to show up as dizziness and vomiting, which Mrs. Laxmi takes for her pregnancy. Whereas the gynecologist ([[Shammi (actress)|Shammi]]) asks her to go for complete checkup, she finds out about her disease. While confronting Dr. Amar, she is informed that Akash as well as his father know of this and she asks her doctor not to disclose the fact to them that she also is aware of her condition. She asks Asha to look after Akash after her death. She dies on stage while performing for a charity function on her birthday after the song "Tumne Kya Kya Kiya Hai Humare Liye", telling Akash that she knows everything and is thankful to him for all the happiness he has given her.

==Cast==
* [[Raj Babbar]] as Akash Bhardwaj / Nishant
* [[Anita Raj]] as Shikha
* Rajni Sharma as Asha
* [[Showkar Janaki|Sowcar Janki]] as Mrs. Laxmi Bhardwaj
* [[Madan Puri]] as Mr. Bhardwaj
* Shashi Ranjan as Dr. Amar
* Komal Soni
* [[Sajjan (actor)|Sajjan]] as Hiralal
* [[Shammi (actress)|Shammi]] as Gynecologist
* Raj Kishore as Professor
* [[Viju Khote]] as Deepak Agarwal
* Vandana Rane
* Yasmeen
* Zubeda
* Chandermohan
* Kumar Gautam
* Ashok Saxena
* Sonika
* [[Ram Avtar]] as Patient (uncredited)
* [[Gulshan Grover]] as Rangeela (uncredited)

==Soundtrack==
*Music: [[Jagjit Singh]]
*Lyrics: [[Indeevar]]
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1
| "Dekh Lo Awaz Dekar"
| [[Anuradha Paudwal]]
|-
| 2
| "Dilber Jani"
| [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| 3
| "Dulhe Raja"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| 4
| "Khwabo"
| [[Suresh Wadkar]]
|-
| 5
| "Aao Mil Jaye"
| Suresh Wadkar, Anuradha Paudwal
|-
| 6
| "Kitne Ahsan Kiye Tumne Humpe"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| 7
| "Hoton Se Chhu Lo Tum"
| [[Jagjit Singh]]
|}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=0313495}}

[[Category:1981 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1981 films]]
[[Category:Indian films about cancer]]

{{1980s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Light House (1976 film)

2026-03-03T21:10:36Z

JeanetteBracegir: basic enhance intro based on references and added references

{{Short description|1976 Indian Malayalam film}}
{{Other uses|Lighthouse (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Light House
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[AB Raj]]
| producer = A. B. Raj
| writer = A. B. Raj M. R. Joseph (dialogues)
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Prem Nazir]] [[Jayan]] [[Jayabharathi]] [[KPAC Lalitha]]
| music = [[M. K. Arjunan]]
| cinematography = T. N. Krishnankutty Nair
| editing = B. S. Mani
| studio = Ranjini Films
| distributor = Ranjini Films
| released = {{Film date|1976|09|17|df=y}}
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Light House''''' is a 1976 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed and produced by [[A. B. Raj]]. The film stars [[Prem Nazir]], [[Jayan]], [[Jayabharathi]] and [[KPAC Lalitha]] in the lead roles. The film's musical score is by [[M. K. Arjunan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=677|title=Light House|accessdate=2014-10-05|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?2585 |title=Light House |accessdate=2014-10-05 |publisher=malayalasangeetham.info |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006103547/http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?2585 |archivedate= 6 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/light-house-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006091710/http://spicyonion.com/title/light-house-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=6 October 2014|title=Light House|accessdate=2014-10-05|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Plot summary==
{{Expand section|date=July 2023}}

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Prem Nazir]] as Ravi/Omanakuttan
*[[Jayabharathi]] as Geetha
*[[Adoor Bhasi]] as Chandu
*[[Bahadoor]] as Damu
*[[KPAC Lalitha]] as Thankamma
*[[Jose Prakash]] as Jayaprakash
*[[Sankaradi]] as Raghavan Pilla
*[[P. R. Varalakshmi]] as Usha
*[[Sreelatha Namboothiri]] as Bindu
*[[Meena (Malayalam actress)|Meena]] as Meenakshi
*[[P. K. Abraham]] as Rajasekharan, Vikraman (double role)
*[[Raghavan (actor)|Raghavan]] as Raghu
*[[G. K. Pillai (actor)|G. K. Pillai]] as President
*[[T. P. Madhavan]] as Bhaskaran Nair
*Mancheri Chandran as Secretary
*[[Paul Vengola]] as Watcher
*[[Mallika Sukumaran]] as Mallika
*[[Vanchiyoor Radha]] as Madhaviyamma
*[[Maniyanpilla Raju]] as Thankamma's brother
*[[Santo Krishnan]] as Velu
*Seetharam
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[M. K. Arjunan]] and the lyrics were written by [[Sreekumaran Thampi]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Aadathin Achumbitha" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[Sreekumaran Thampi]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Malsarikkaan Aarundu" || [[P. Jayachandran]], [[Ambili (singer)|Ambili]], [[C. O. Anto]] || Sreekumaran Thampi ||
|-
| 3 || "Nishaasundari Nilkoo" || P. Jayachandran || Sreekumaran Thampi ||
|-
| 4 || "Odikko Omanakuttan" || C. O. Anto, Manoharan || Sreekumaran Thampi ||
|-
| 5 || "Sooryakaanthippoo Chirichu" || K. J. Yesudas || Sreekumaran Thampi ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0280873|Light House}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1976 films]]
[[Category:1976 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1976 Indian films]]
{{1970s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Kismat (2024 film)

2026-03-03T09:14:02Z

JeanetteBracegir: added new pg

{{Short description|2024 Indian film by Srinath Badineni}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kismat
| image = Kismat (2024 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Srinath Badineni
| writer = Srinath Badineni
| screenplay =
| story =
| producer = Raju
| starring = {{plain list|
* Naresh Agastya
* [[Abhinav Gomatam]]
* [[Vishwadev Rachakonda]]
* [[Riya Suman]]
}}
| cinematography = Vedaraman Sankaran
| editing = Viplav Nyshadam
| music = '''Score''' Mark K Robin '''Songs''' Mark K Robin [[Sai Karthik]]
| studio = {{plain list|
* Comrade Film Factory
* Atheera Productions
}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|02|02}}
| runtime = 128 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Kismat''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Crime film|crime]] [[Comedy film|comedy]] film written and directed by Srinath Badineni. The film features Naresh Agastya, [[Abhinav Gomatam]], [[Vishwadev Rachakonda]] and [[Riya Suman]] in lead roles.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cherukuri |first1=Abhilasha |title=Kismat teaser to be out on this date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/Oct/14/kismat-teaser-to-be-out-on-this-date-48607.html |work=Cinema Express |date=3 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref> ''Kismat'' was released on 2 February 2024.

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=August 2024}}

==Cast==
{{cast list|
* Naresh Agastya as Karthik
* [[Abhinav Gomatam]] as Abhi
* [[Vishwadev Rachakonda]] as Kiran
* [[Riya Suman]] as Tanya
* [[Avasarala Srinivas]] as S. Vivek
* [[Ajay Ghosh]] as Janardhan
* Temper Vamsi as Suri
* Kamal
* [[Chammak Chandra]] as T. Shankarayya
* [[Thagubothu Ramesh]]
* Yadamma Raju
* [[Gangavva]] as Saravva
* Advith
* Padma
* Sri Mani
* [[Y. Kasi Viswanath]] as Karthik's father
* Kedar Shankar as Abhi's father
* Racha Ravi as Ravi
* Naga Mahesh
* [[Sameer (Telugu actor)|Sameer]] as Loknath
* Jordar Sujatha as a [[News presenter]]
* Satish Saripalli
}}
==Release==
''Kismat'' was released on 2 February 2024. Post-theatrical digital streaming rights were acquired by [[Amazon Prime Video]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Kismat is now streaming on Prime Video |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Apr/04/kismat-is-now-streaming-on-prime-video |work=Cinema Express |date=6 April 2024 |language=en |access-date=13 September 2024 |archive-date=9 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809080945/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/amp/story/telugu/news/2024/Apr/04/kismat-is-now-streaming-on-prime-video |url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]] and was premiered on 1 April 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Comedy entertainer 'Kismat' trends Top 4 on Amazon Prime Video |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/comedy-entertainer-kismat-trends-top-4-on-amazon-prime-video/ |work=The South First |date=4 April 2024 |language=en |access-date=13 September 2024 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405065040/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/comedy-entertainer-kismat-trends-top-4-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Raisa Nasreen of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave a rating of 2.5 out of 5<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2024 |title=Kismat Movie Review: Srinath Badineni's Film Is A Comic Tale Of Destiny And Dreams |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/telugu/kismat-movie-review-srinath-badinenis-film-is-a-comic-tale-of-destiny-and-dreams-review-107328335 |access-date=9 August 2024 |website=Times Now |language=en |archive-date=2 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202030313/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/telugu/kismat-movie-review-srinath-badinenis-film-is-a-comic-tale-of-destiny-and-dreams-review-107328335 |url-status=live}}</ref> and a critic from ''[[ABP Desam]]'' gave the film a negative review.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pulagam |first1=Satya |title=కిస్మత్ రివ్యూ: అదృష్టం అన్నిసార్లూ కలిసి రాదయ్యా - క్రైమ్ కామెడీ నవ్వించిందా? లేదా? |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/kismat-movie-review-in-telugu-142680/amp |work=ABP Telugu |date=2 February 2024 |language=te |access-date=13 September 2024 |archive-date=7 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207181714/https://telugu.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/kismat-movie-review-in-telugu-142680/amp |url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|29458600|title=Kismat}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in Telangana]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Telangana Police]]
[[Category:Indian crime comedy films]]
[[Category:2024 crime comedy films]]

Alipur, Delhi

2026-02-10T01:27:44Z

JeanetteBracegir:

{{Other uses|Alipur, India (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Alipur (haripur)
| native_name_lang =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Delhi
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.80|N|77.150|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Delhi]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[North Delhi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 209
| population_total = 16623
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 110036
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

[[File:Delhimap.jpg|thumb|200px|Map of [[Delhi]] showing location of Alipur]]

'''Alipur''' is the administrative headquarters and a sub-division of [[North Delhi]] district in the state of [[Delhi]], India. It is surrounded by the localities of [[Bawana]], [[Narela]], [[Budhpur]], [[Bakoli, Delhi|Bakoli]] and Mukhmelpur. Alipur falls under the Narela constituency. The nearest metro station is [[Jahangirpuri metro station|Jahangirpuri Metro Station]]. Alipur is situated on the Delhi-Amritsar [[National Highway 1 (India, old numbering)|National Highway 1]].<ref name=":0" /> During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] over 70 Jats were martyred fighting against the British for their nation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nidana Heights – Estate Chapters – Alipur |url=https://www.nidanaheights.com/scv-alipur.html |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=nidanaheights.com}}</ref>

==Demographics==

{{Historical population
| source = [[Government of India]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Census Tables |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=6 January 2024}}</ref>
|1981 | 6735
|1991 | 9256
|2001 | 16631
|2011 | 20332
|align = right
}}

{{As of|2001}} Indian [[census]],<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Alipur had a population of 16,623. Males constitute 58% of the population and females, 42%. It has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; 63% for males and 37% for females. 15% of the population is below six years of age. Alipur is home to many migrants from all over India, similar to the rest of Delhi, which has led to a spike in the population in the last decade.

== Education ==
Alipur has many types of education with various government schools, public or private schools, colleges, university and institutions.

=== Universities ===
* [[Delhi University]]

=== Colleges ===
* [[Swami Shraddhanand College, Delhi|Swami Shraddhanand College]]

=== Govt. Schools ===
* Government Boys Senior Secondary School
* Government Sarvodaya Boys and Girls Senior Secondary School
* Municipal Corporation Primary (Boys) Model School
* Municipal Corporation Primary Model (Girls) School
== Neighboring villages ==

* [[Budhpur Bijapur]]
* [[Holambi Khurd]]
* Kham Pur
* Kureni
* Palla
* [[Bakhtawar Pur]]
* [[Bakoli, Delhi|Bakoli]]
* [[Bhor Garh]]
* [[Hamidpur, Delhi|Hamid Pur]]
* Hiranki
* [[Holambi Kalan]]
* [[Khera Kalan]]
* [[Khera Khurd]]
* [[Zind Pur]]
* [[Taj Pur Kalan]]
* [[Tikri Khurd]]
* Shah Pur Garhi
* [[Mukhmel Pur]]
* Singhola
* [[Siras Pur]]
* [[Narela]]
* [[Singhu]]
* [[Kadipur]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://wikimapia.org/country/India/Delhi/Alipur/350/ Alipur, Delhi] at [[Wikimapia]]

[[Category:Cities and towns in North West Delhi district]]
[[Category:District subdivisions of Delhi]]

{{Delhi-geo-stub}}

Lalit Dalmia

2026-02-08T09:21:52Z

JeanetteBracegir: done

{{short description|Indian fashion designer|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox fashion designer
| name = Lalit Dalmia
| image = CZ0A2333.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1979|08|14}}
| birth_place = Delhi, India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| occupation = Fashion Designer
|label_name = Lalit Dalmia
| relatives =
| awards =
|website = {{URL|www.lalitdalmia.in}}
}}

'''Lalit Dalmia''' (born 14 August 1979) is an Indian fashion designer from Delhi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/shows/Producer-Mohammed-Morani-walks-the-ramp-for-Lalit-Dalmia/articleshow/51711034.cms|title=Producer Mohammed Morani walks the ramp for Lalit Dalmia|newspaper=Times of India|accessdate=29 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/backdrop-theme-clothes-take-limelight-at-lalit-dalmias-show-1357437.html|title=Backdrop, Theme, Clothes Take Limelight At Lalit Dalmia's Show|date=8 March 2017 |publisher=News18.com|accessdate=29 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.in/Why-should-start-ups-have-all-the-fun-Couturier-Lalit-Dalmia-is-working-on-co-working-spaces-for-designers-across-India/articleshow/57559292.cms|title=Why should start ups have all the fun? Couturier Lalit Dalmia is working on co-working spaces for designers across India|publisher=BusinessInsider.in|accessdate=29 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/512020/future-our-hands.html|title=The future is in our hands|date=15 November 2015 |publisher=Deccan Herald|accessdate=3 March 2020}}</ref> He is known for his bridal and luxury wear.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/delhi/Lalit-Dalmias-fashion-do/articleshow/6311012.cms|title=Lalit Dalmia's fashion do|newspaper=Times of India|accessdate=29 October 2017|last1=Shorewal |first1=Aditi }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/537817/i-love-playing-silhouettes.html|title='I love playing with silhouettes'- Lalit Dalmia |date=31 March 2016 |publisher=Deccan Herald|accessdate=29 February 2020}}</ref>

== Clients and projects ==

[[File:Esha Gupta Lalit Dalmia.jpg|thumb|Esha Gupta walks in Lalit Dalmia Couture with Lalit Dalmia]]

Dalmia has dressed some of the leading Bollywood celebrities such as [[Esha Gupta]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/esha-gupta-walks-the-ramp-for-designer-lalit-dalmia-imagegallery-bollywood-rjvk02jheggjf.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923165438/http://www.sify.com/movies/Esha-Gupta-walks-the-ramp-for-designer-Lalit-Dalmia-imagegallery-Bollywood-rjvk02jheggjf.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 September 2017|title=Esha Gupta walks the ramp for designer Lalit Dalmia|website=[[Sify]]|accessdate=29 October 2017}}</ref> [[Gauahar Khan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.missmalini.com/2016/04/16/looks-like-gauahar-khan-had-a-cinderella-moment/|title=Looks Like Gauahar Khan Had A Cinderella Moment!
|date=16 April 2016
|publisher=MissMalini.com|accessdate=29 October 2017}}</ref> [[Akshay Kumar]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/photogallery/lifestyle/akshay-kumar-turns-showstopper-for-lalit-dalmia-at-4th-tech-fashion-tour-1913871.html|title=Akshay Kumar Turns Showstopper at Tech Fashion Tour 4.0|publisher=News 18|accessdate=29 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/lifestyle/fashion/akshay-kumar-turns-showstopper-for-designer-lalit-dalmia20181029131639/|title=Akshay Kumar turns showstopper for designer Lalit Dalmia |publisher= ANI News|accessdate=29 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/getahead/report/glamour-khiladi-akshay-kumar-sets-the-ramp-on-fire/20181020.htm|title=Khiladi Akshay Kumar sets the ramp on fire! |publisher= Rediff|accessdate=29 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/fashion/celebrity-style/akshay-kumar-brings-house-down-he-walks-ramp-showstopper-designer-lalit-dalmia-429520|title=Akshay Kumar brings the house down as he walks the ramp as showstopper for designer Lalit Dalmia|publisher=PinkVilla|accessdate=3 March 2020}}</ref> [[Isha Koppikar]], [[Sunny Leone]] and Bollywood Film producer [[Aly Morani]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/latest-news/shraddha-kapoor-urvashi-rautela-sunny-leone-turn-up-the-heat-at-lfw-day-4-part-2|title=Shraddha Kapoor, Urvashi Rautela, Sunny Leone turn up the heat at LFW Day 4- Part 2|publisher=The Free Press Journal|accessdate=10 May 2020}}</ref> among several others. He has also dressed India's multiple Grand Slam champion [[Leander Paes]], Tennis sensation [[Damir Džumhur]], Russia's upcoming star [[Daniil Medvedev]], US's [[Nicholas Monroe]] and Indian rookie [[Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan]] in [[Aircel]] Chennai Open fashion show.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/tennis-stars-add-glitter-to-chennai-open-fashion-show-4457703/|title=Tennis stars Daniil Medvedev, Nicholas Monroe and Damir Dzumhur add glitter to Lalit Dalmia's Chennai Open fashion show|date=3 January 2017 |publisher=India.com|accessdate=10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/leander-paes-and-other-tennis-stars-up-the-glam-quotient-at-fashion-show/17882197|title=Tennis stars add glitter to Chennai Open fashion show|date=4 January 2017 |publisher=The Indian Express|accessdate=10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.india.com/lifestyle/tennis-stars-daniil-medvedev-nicholas-monroe-and-damir-dzumhur-add-glitter-to-lalit-dalmias-chennai-open-fashion-show-1745173/|title=Tennis stars Daniil Medvedev, Nicholas Monroe and Damir Dzumhur add glitter to Lalit Dalmia's Chennai Open fashion show|publisher=India.com|accessdate=10 May 2020}}</ref> Apart from this, Dalmia has led many fashion shows as a leading designer and received an immense response for his innovative launch activities and collections<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/lalit-dalmia-launches-new-collection-fad-paradise-at-indian-showcase-week-117032700685_1.html|title=Lalit Dalmia launches new collection 'Fad Paradise' at Indian Showcase week|newspaper=Business Standard India |date=27 March 2017 |publisher=Business-Standard.com|accessdate=29 October 2017}}</ref>

== Fashion Shows ==
[[Lakme Fashion Week]] 2016<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.in/galleries/lalit-dalmia-at-lakme-fashion-week-summerresort-2016|title=Lalit Dalmia at Lakmé Fashion Week summer/resort 2016|date=3 April 2016 |publisher=Vogue|accessdate=10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nrinews24x7.com/designer-lalit-dalmia-showcased-exclusive-collection-unexplored-poised-lakme-fashion-week-2016/|title=Designer Lalit Dalmia showcased his exclusive collection "Unexplored Poised" at Lakme Fashion Week 2016|date=2 April 2016 |publisher=NRINews 24x7|accessdate=11 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/fashion/indian-shows/lfw-16-day-4-lalit-dalmia/articleshow/51668743.cms
|title=LFW '16 Day 4: Lalit Dalmia|publisher=INDIA TIMES|accessdate=11 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fashionforwardtrends.com/features/lalit-dalmias-creative-skills-show/|title=Lalit Dalmia's Creative Skills on Show|publisher=Fashion Forward trends|accessdate=11 May 2020}}</ref>

== Store Locations ==
The brand has flagship stores in [[Pitam Pura]] and [[Chandni Chowk]] in New Delhi.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dalmia, Lalit}}
[[Category:Indian costume designers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian fashion designers]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian designers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian designers]]
[[Category:Artists from Delhi]]

Sendhwa tehsil

2026-02-05T04:47:47Z

JeanetteBracegir: Content updated and refined

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sendhwa Tehsil
| native_name = सेंधवा तहसील
| native_name_lang = hi
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Tehsil]]
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image =

| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| coordinates = {{coord|21|41|42|N|075|05|33|E|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagcountry|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Barwani district]]
| government_type = [[Panchayat Samiti]]
| governing_body = [[Council]]

| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census-2011-HB-24">{{harvnb|Sinha|2015|p=24}}</ref><ref name="Not-inc">The {{Convert|25|sqkm|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} and 56,485 population of the town of Sendhwa were not included as part of the tehsil for census purposes.</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 815.78
| area_rural_footnotes = <ref name="Census-2011-HB-24" />
| area_rural_km2 = 815.78
| area_rank =
| area_blank1_title = Under Forest
| area_blank1_km2 =
| area_note =

| dimensions_footnotes = 
| length_km =
| length_mi =
| width_km =
| width_mi =

| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft =
| elevation_point = 
| elevation_max_footnotes = 
| elevation_max_m =
| elevation_max_ft =
| elevation_max_point = 
| elevation_max_rank =
| elevation_min_footnotes = 
| elevation_min_m =
| elevation_min_ft =
| elevation_min_point = 
| elevation_min_rank =

| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census-2011-HB-24" /><ref name="Not-inc" />
| population_total = 303554
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi=
| population_urban_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| population_density_urban_sq_mi =
| population_rural_footnotes =
| population_rural =
| population_density_rural_km2 = auto
| population_density_rural_sq_mi =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]

| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30

| postal_code_type = Postal code (PIN)
| postal_code = 451666
| area_code_type = 
| area_code = 07281
| geocode =
| registration_plate = MP 46

| blank_name_sec1 = No. of Villages
| blank_info_sec1 = 78
| blank1_name_sec1 = No. of Hamlets
| blank1_info_sec1 =

| blank_name_sec2 = No. of Gram Panchayats
| blank_info_sec2 =

| website = 
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|MP-IN]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sendhwa Tehsil''' is an [[administrative subdivision]] ([[tehsil]] or tahsil) in [[Barwani District]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] (state) of India. Its headquarters is in the town of [[Sendhwa]]. Sendhwa is the biggest revenue generating tehsil in the Barwani District.{{Citation needed|date=August 2015}} Sendhwa Tehsil has the highest population of any tehsil in Barwani district.<ref name="Census-2011-HB-24" />

==History==
The fort and town of Sendhwa gave their name to the area, that was a tehsil under the

On 15 December 2010, [[Warla Tehsil]] was separated from Sendhwa Tehsil.<ref>{{Cite news|title=जुलवानिया-वरला हो सकते हैं बेहतर विकल्प |date=14 October 2014 |publisher=Nai Dunia (नईदुनिया)|language=hi |url=https://www.naidunia.com/madhya-pradesh/barwani-julwaniya-rajpur-barwani-204238 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150830024918/http://mnaidunia.jagran.com/madhya-pradesh/barwani-julwaniya-rajpur-barwani-204238 |archive-date=30 August 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Geography==
Sendhwa Tehsil is southwest of the district headquarters, [[Barwani]]. It is bounded by Warla Tehsil to the south, Niwali Tehsil to the east, and Rajpur Tehsil to the north, all of Barwani District, and by [[Bhagwanpura Tehsil]] of [[Khargone District]] (West Nimar District) to the west.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tehsil Map of Barwani |publisher=Maps of India |url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/madhyapradesh/tehsil/barwani.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914171903/http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/madhyapradesh/tehsil/barwani.html |archivedate=14 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Settlements===
{{update after|2022}}
As of the [[2011 Census of India]], Sendhwa Tehsil had one statutory town ([[nagar palika]]), Sendhwa, and seventy-eight villages, one of which was uninhabited.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sinha, Sachin ''et al.'', Directorate of Census Operations, Madhya Pradesh |year=2015 |title=District Census Handbook, Barwani, Census of India 2011: Village and Town Wise Primay Census Abstract |series=Series-24, PART XII-B |page=12|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2324_PART_B_DCHB_BARWANI.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150830051212/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2324_PART_B_DCHB_BARWANI.pdf |archivedate=30 August 2015 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|Sinha|2015}} }}</ref>

==Economy==
The tehsil is primarily agricultural and forest lands. Mechanised farming has only been recently introduced.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Pawar, Aarti |author2=Kusumakar, Aruna |name-list-style=amp |year=2013 |title=कृषि मे यंत्रीकरण का ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था पर प्रभाव का अध्ययन (सेंधवा तहसील के विशेष संदर्भ मे ) |trans-title=A Study of the Impact of the Mechanization of Agriculture in a Rural Economy (in reference to Sendhawa Tehsil) |language=hi |journal=Review of Research Journal |volume=3 |issue=2 |url=http://ror.isrj.org/UploadedData/500.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150830045920/http://ror.isrj.org/UploadedData/500.pdf |archivedate=30 August 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Cotton is a big crop,<ref>{{Cite book|author1=Superintendent of Census Operations |author2=Madhya Pradesh |year=1964 |title=District Census Handbook, Madhya Pradesh, Census of India 1961 |series=Volume 41 of District Census Handbook |location=Indore, India |publisher=Government of Madhya Pradesh |page=lxix}}</ref> as are [[Pulse (legume)|pulses]], such as [[mung beans]] and [[Vigna aconitifolia|moth beans]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jain |first=C. K. |year=1988 |title=Patterns of Agricultural Development in Madhya Pradesh |location=New Delhi |publisher=Northern Book Centre |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=bSVSyWwy1usC&pg=PA116 116]|isbn=978-81-85119-41-0}}</ref> Other crops include wheat, [[sorghum]] (jowar), maize, [[millet]] (kodo-kutki), especially [[pearl millet]] (bajra), [[rapeseed]] (canola), [[Mustard plant|mustard]], and [[Vigna mungo|urd]] and other pulses (gram).<ref>{{harvnb|Jain|1988|p=112}}</ref>

Regular markets are held in the town of Sendhawa and the villages of Chacria (Chachariya Pati), Dhanori, and Zopali (Jhopali, Jopali).<ref name="PR-1">{{Cite web|title=जिले की 9 तहसीलों में लगने वाले हाट-बाजार |language=hi |publisher=Public Relations Department, Government of Madhya Pradesh |url=http://dprmp.org/NewsDetail.aspx?newsid=3659&disid=16 }}</ref> The village of Babdd Bhagoriya has a once-a-year market and festival.<ref name="PR-1" />

The only real industry is cotton processing.<ref>{{harvnb|Superintendent|1988|p=lxxvi}}</ref>

==Demographics==
Sendhwa Tehsil had 303,554 people as of the 2011 census, not including the 56,485 in the town of Sendhwa; for a total of 360,039.<ref name="Census-2011-HB-24" />

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist}}
{{Clear}}

[[Category:Barwani district]]
[[Category:Tehsils of Madhya Pradesh]]

Commonwealth XI cricket team in India, Pakistan and Ceylon in 1949–50

2026-01-28T23:38:47Z

JeanetteBracegir: typo fix

{{Short description|Commonwealth cricket team}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2022}}
A Commonwealth XI cricket team toured [[Dominion of Ceylon|Ceylon]], [[India]] and [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]] from October 1949 to March 1950 and played 21 [[first-class cricket|first-class matches]], including five against an [[India cricket team|All-India XI]].<ref name="CATI">{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/2/Commonwealth_XI_in_India,_Pakistan_and_Ceylon_1949-50.html |publisher=CricketArchive |title=Commonwealth XI in India, Pakistan and Ceylon 1949–50 |access-date=4 July 2014}}</ref>

Captained by [[Jock Livingston]], who also kept wicket in some games, the team had several well-known players including [[Frank Worrell]], [[George Tribe]], [[Bill Alley]], [[Cec Pepper]], [[George Dawkes]] and [[George Pope (cricketer)|George Pope]]. Most of the players were professionals in the [[Lancashire League (cricket)|Lancashire League]] or the [[Central Lancashire League]]. About half the team were Australians, two were West Indians, and the rest were English.<ref>Rex Pogson, "To tour India", ''[[The Cricketer]]'', 3 September 1949, p. 457.</ref>

==Matches==
The first-class matches are numbered.
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="font-size: 95%"
|-
!No.
!Date
!Opponents
!Venue
!Result
!Ref
|-
| 1 || 9–11 October|| [[Indian Universities cricket team|Indian Universities]] || [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Bombay]] || bgcolor="#ffffdd" | Drawn ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19109.html |title = Indian Universities v Commonwealth XI|publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 2 || 15–16 October || Western India States || [[Commerce College Ground]], [[Ahmedabad]] || bgcolor="#ddffdd" | Won by an innings and 122 runs ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19110.html |title = Western India States v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 3 || 21–23 October || [[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]] || [[Yeshwant Club Ground]], [[Indore]] || bgcolor="#ddffdd" | Won by one wicket ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19111.html |title = Holkar v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 4 || 29 October–1 November || [[North Zone cricket team|North Zone]] || [[Dhruve Pandove Stadium|Baradari Ground]], [[Patiala]] || bgcolor="#ffffdd" | Drawn ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19114.html |title = North Zone v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 5 || 5–7 November|| [[Services cricket team|Services]] || [[Irwin Stadium]], [[Delhi]] || bgcolor="#ddffdd" | Won by ten wickets||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19116.html |title = Services v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 6 || 11–15 November|| [[India cricket team|INDIA]] (1st "Test") || [[Feroz Shah Kotla]], [[Delhi]] || bgcolor="#ddffdd" | Won by nine wickets ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19119.html |title = India v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| || 18–19 November || [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–55)|North West Frontier Province Governor]]’s XI || [[Peshawar Club Ground]], [[Peshawar]] || bgcolor="#ffffdd" | Drawn ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/136/136953.html |title = North West Frontier Province Governor’s XI v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| || 21–22 November || [[Commander in Chief (Pakistan Army)|Commander-in-Chief]]’s XI || [[Pindi Club Ground]], [[Rawalpindi]] || bgcolor="#ffffdd" | Drawn ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/136/136954.html |title = Commander-in-Chief’s XI v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 7 || 25–27 November || [[Pakistan cricket team|Pakistan]] || [[Bagh-e-Jinnah, Lahore]] || bgcolor="#ddffdd" | Won by an innings and 177 runs ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19124.html |title = Pakistan v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 8 || 2–4 December || [[Sindh cricket team|Karachi and Sind]] || [[Karachi Gymkhana Ground]], [[Karachi]] || bgcolor="#ddffdd" | Won by six wickets ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19130.html |title = Karachi and Sind v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| || 6–7 December|| [[Pakistan Universities cricket team|Pakistan Universities]] || Karachi || bgcolor="#ffffdd" | Drawn ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/136/136955.html |title = Pakistan Universities v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 9 || 10–13 December || [[West Zone cricket team|West Zone]] || [[Nehru Stadium, Pune|Club of Maharashtra]], [[Poona]] || bgcolor="#ffffdd" | Drawn ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19136.html |title = West Zone v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 10 || 16–20 December|| [[India cricket team|INDIA]] (2nd "Test") || [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Bombay]] || bgcolor="#ffffdd" | Drawn ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19141.html |title = India v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 11 || 24–27 December || [[Governor of West Bengal|Bengal Governor]]’s XI || [[Eden Gardens]], [[Calcutta]] || bgcolor="#ddffdd" | Won by ten wickets ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19148.html |title = Bengal Governor’s XI v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 12 || 30 December–3 January || [[India cricket team|INDIA]] (3rd "Test") || [[Eden Gardens]], [[Calcutta]] || bgcolor="#ffdddd" | Lost by seven wickets ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19153.html|title = India v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 13 || 7–9 January || [[East Zone cricket team|East Zone]] || [[Keenan Stadium]], [[Jamshedpur]] || bgcolor="#ddffdd" | Won by ten wickets ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19161.html |title = East Zone v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 14 || 14–18 January|| [[India cricket team|INDIA]] (4th "Test")|| [[Green Park Stadium|Modi Stadium]], [[Kanpur]] || bgcolor="#ffffdd" | Drawn ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19166.html |title = India v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 15 || 21–23 January || [[Central Provinces and Berar|Central Province]] Governor's XI|| [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground|Central Provinces Gymkhana Ground]], [[Nagpur]] || bgcolor="#ffffdd" | Drawn ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19169.html |title = Central Province Governor’s XI v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 16 || 27–29 January || [[Cricket Club of India]] || [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Bombay]] || bgcolor="#ffffdd" | Drawn ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19175.html |title = Cricket Club of India v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| || 1–2 February || India Schools || [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Bombay]] || bgcolor="#ffffdd" | Drawn ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/136/136951.html |title = India Schools v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 17 || 4–6 February || [[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]] || [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Bombay]] || bgcolor="#ffffdd" | Drawn ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19181.html |title = Bombay v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 18 || 10–13 February || [[South Zone cricket team|South Zone]] || [[Gymkhana Ground, Secunderabad|Gymkhana Ground]], [[Secunderabad]] || bgcolor="#ddffdd" | Won by seven wickets ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19184.html |title = South Zone v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 19 || 17–21 February || [[India cricket team|INDIA]] (5th "Test") || [[Madras Cricket Club Ground]], [[Madras]] || bgcolor="#ffdddd" | Lost by three wickets ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19188.html |title = India v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| || 23 February || [[Central Province cricket team|Central Province]] || [[Kandy]] || bgcolor="#ddffdd" | Won by seven wickets ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/136/136949.html |title = Central Province v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 20 || 25–27 February || [[Ceylon cricket team|Ceylon]] || [[Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium|Colombo Oval]], [[Colombo]] || bgcolor="#ddffdd" | Won by an innings and 51 runs ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19192.html |title = Ceylon v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| || 1–2 March || Ceylon XI || [[Colombo]] || bgcolor="#ffffdd" | Drawn ||<ref>{{cite web |url= https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/136/136950.html |title = Ceylon XI v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 21 || 4–6 March || Ceylon, India and Pakistan Combined XI|| [[Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium|Colombo Oval]], [[Colombo]] || bgcolor="#ffffdd" | Drawn ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19196.html |title = Ceylon, India and Pakistan Combined XI v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| || 10–12 March || [[Raja Maharaj Singh]]’s XII{{#tag:ref|Played as twelve-a-side|group=notes}} || [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Bombay]] || bgcolor="#ddffdd" | Won by six wickets ||<ref>{{cite web |url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/136/136952.html |title = Raja Maharaj Singh’s XI v Commonwealth XI |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date = 2017-08-18 }}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=notes}}

==External links==
* [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1940S/1949-50/CWEALTH-XI_IN_IND/ Commonwealth in India, 1949-50] at ESPNcricinfo
* [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/2/Commonwealth_XI_in_India,_Pakistan_and_Ceylon_1949-50.html Commonwealth XI in India, Pakistan and Ceylon 1949/50] at CricketArchive (subscription required)

{{International cricket tours of India}}
{{International cricket tours of Pakistan}}
{{International cricket tours of Sri Lanka}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Commonwealth XI cricket team in India, Pakistan and Ceylon in 1949-50}}
[[Category:1949 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1949 in Pakistani cricket]]
[[Category:1950 in Ceylon]]
[[Category:1950 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Indian cricket seasons from 1945–46 to 1969–70]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions from 1945–46 to 1960]]
[[Category:Multi-national cricket tours of India]]
[[Category:Multi-national cricket tours of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Multi-national cricket tours of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Pakistani cricket seasons from 1947–48 to 1969–70]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan cricket seasons from 1880–81 to 1971–72]]

Raja Babu (actor)

2026-01-26T13:43:45Z

JeanetteBracegir: updated page

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{More sources|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Raja Babu
| image = Telugu Comedian Raja Babu.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1937|10|20}}
| birth_place = [[Rajamundry]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1983|02|14|1937|10|20}}
| death_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| occupation = Actor, comedian
| spouse = Lakshmi Ammalu
| children = 2
| awards = [[Filmfare Awards South]] [[Nandi Awards]] Honorary doctorate
| imagesize =
| birthname = Punyamurthula Appalaraju
| relatives = [[Chitti Babu (Telugu actor)|Chitti Babu]] (brother) [[Ananth Babu]] (brother)
}}
'''Punyamurthula Appalaraju''' (20 October 1937 – 14 February 1983), better known by his [[stage name]] '''Raja Babu''', was an Indian actor and comedian known for his works predominantly in [[Telugu cinema]]. He is noted as one of the finest Telugu comedians.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-23|title=From Raja Babu to Ali and Brahmanandam: The greatest of Tollywood comedians|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/raja-babu-ali-and-brahmanandam-greatest-tollywood-comedians-88829|access-date=2021-08-07|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref> A {{height|ft=9|in=0}} bronze statue of Rajababu was unveiled in his birthplace of [[Rajahmundry]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/10/stories/2011041054540600.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926114136/http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/10/stories/2011041054540600.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 September 2011 |title=Andhra Pradesh / Rajahmundry News : Rajababu statue unveiled |date=10 April 2011 |access-date=4 September 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

==Early life==
Raja Babu was born in [[Rajamundry]], [[East Godavari District]], Andhra Pradesh to Punyamurthula Umamaheswara Rao and Ramanamma as Appala Raju. His brothers are also noted comedians, [[Chitti Babu (Telugu actor)|Chitti Babu]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/art-imitates-life/article3902231.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | first=Y. Sunita | last=Chowdhary | title=Art imitates life | date=16 September 2012}}</ref> and [[Ananth Babu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://telugugo.com/ananth-babu|title=Ananth Babu|work=archive.is|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203194152/http://telugugo.com/ananth-babu|archive-date=3 February 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://businessoftollywood.com/2013/09/best-comedians-of-tollywood-1/|title=Best Comedians Of Tollywood 1 - Business of Tollywood|work=Business of Tollywood|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205173722/http://businessoftollywood.com/2013/09/best-comedians-of-tollywood-1/|archive-date=5 December 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> He completed his Intermediate (10+2) education and successfully completed Teacher Training Course. He worked for sometime as a [[Telugu language|Telugu]] teacher after that. During that period, he used to act in dramas like ''Kukka Pilla Dorikindi'', ''Naalugilla Chaavadi'' and ''Alluri Sitarama Raju''.

Life style
Garikapati Raja Rao invited Babu after seeing his acting skills in dramas who worked for Mr. Gayudu. Babu reached Madras in 1960 and initially lived on tuitions. Film Director Addala Narayana Rao gave him a chance to act in his film ''Samajam'' in 1960. Babu was known for his slapstick comedy roles. He acted in record 589 movies in less than 20 years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/rajababu-statue-unveiled/article1683948.ece|title=Rajababu statue unveiled|author=Staff Reporter|work=The Hindu|date=9 April 2011 }}</ref>

He has acted as the hero in ''[[Tata Manavadu]]'', ''Pichodi Pelli'', ''Thirupathi'', ''Evariki Vare Yamuna Teere'', ''Manishi Rodduna Paddadu''. Leela Rani, Prasanna Rani, Gitanjali and [[Rama Prabha]] played with him as his female counterparts. But it was Ramaprabha who had a major share in his career playing opposite him and they were considered as the best comedy duo.

The comedy song ''Vinara Suramma Kooturu Moguda Vishayam Chebutanu'' featured by the duo in the film ''[[Illu Illalu]]'' went on to become the highlight of the entire film and was heard everywhere.

He portrayed the lead role of Giri, grandson (Manavadu) in the film ''[[Tata Manavadu]]'' directed by [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] and teaches a lesson to his father. The cast included [[S. V. Ranga Rao]] and [[Anjali Devi]]. He produced a few films under Bob and Bob Productions, including ''Evariki Vaare Yamuna Teeru'' and ''Manishi Rodduna Paddadu''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/art-imitates-life/article3902493.ece|title=Art imitates life|author=y. sunita chowdhary|work=The Hindu|date=15 September 2012 }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Raja Babu married Lakshmi Ammalu (sister-in-law of writer Sri Sri) in 1965 and they have two children: Nagendra Babu and Mahesh Babu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 May 2021|title=Comedian Raja Babu assets: లెజెండరీ కమెడియన్ రాజబాబు ఆస్తుల చిట్టా తెలుసా.. అమెరికాలో సొంత కంపెనీ..!|url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/here-the-shocking-facts-about-tollywood-legendary-comedian-raja-babu-assets-revealed-by-his-brother-chitti-babu-pk-876314-page-5.html|website=News18 Telugu|language=te}}</ref> He has four brothers, among them [[Chitti Babu Punyamurthula|Chitti Babu]] and [[Ananth Babu]], who are actors and television artists. He has five sisters.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}

==Filmography==
{{incomplete list|date=August 2021}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1960
| ''[[Samajam]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Chivaraku Migiledi]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1962
| ''[[Bhishma (1962 film)|Bhishma]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Chitti Tammudu]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1963
| ''[[Paruvu Prathishta]]''
|
|
|-
|[[Bandipotu (1963 film)|''Bandipotu'']]
|a member of the Bandipotu clan
|
|-
|''[[Somavara Vrata Mahatyam]]''
|Sumedha
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Somavara Vratha Mahathyam (1963) |url=https://indiancine.ma/KXL |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Thobuttuvulu]]'' ||
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |1964
| ''[[Manchi Manishi]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Thotalo Pilla Kotalo Rani]]''
|Ekantham
|
|-
|''[[Bobbili Yuddham]]''
|Messenger
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1966
| ''[[Navaratri (1966 film)|Navarathri]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Pidugu Ramudu]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Paramanandayya Shishyula Katha]]''
| Sishya
|
|-
|''[[Raja Babu (1966 film)|Raja Babu]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Goodachari 116]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1967
| ''[[Sakshi (1967 film)|Saakshi]]''
| Ramu
|
|-
| ''Upayamlo Apayam''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Ummadi Kutumbam]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Sri Sri Sri Maryada Ramanna]]''
|Sukumarudu
|
|-
| ''Pattukunte Padivelu''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Patukunte Padivelu (1967)|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8793888/|access-date=2021-07-09|website=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|''[[Aggi Dora]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aggi Dora (1967) |url=https://indiancine.ma/MHM |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Jayanth's alter ego
|
|-
|''[[Nindu Manasulu]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1968
| ''[[Tikka Sankaraiah]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Bandipotu Dongalu]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Bangaru Pichika]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Manishi Rodduna Paddadu]]''
| Hero
|
|-
| ''[[Ranabheri]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Aggi Meeda Guggilam]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aggi Meeda Guggilam (1968) |url=https://indiancine.ma/MTN |access-date=2023-09-27 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Lakumuki
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |1969
|''[[Devudichina Bhartha]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Devudichina Bhartha (1969) |url=https://indiancine.ma/NIE |access-date=2023-09-27 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Vasantha
|
|-
| ''[[Ekaveera]]''
| Bhattu
|
|-
|''[[Ukku Pidugu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukku Pidugu - Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/ukku_pidugu |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|Mardhanam
|
|-
| ''[[Kathanayakudu (1969 film)|Kathanayakudu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Muhurtha Balam]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Muhurtha Balam Cast and Crew |url=https://www.cinemaazi.com/film/muhurtha-balam}}</ref>
|Parvathalu
|
|-
|''[[Saptaswaralu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Bhale Mastaru]]''
|Buchi Babu
|
|-
|''[[Pratheekaram]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pratheekaram (1969) |url=https://indiancine.ma/NOF |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Ekambaram
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1970
| ''[[Kodalu Diddina Kapuram]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Akhandudu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akandudu (1970) |url=https://indiancine.ma/NSO |access-date=2023-07-03 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Geddam Ganapathi
|
|-
|''[[Jagath Jetteelu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jagath Jetteelu (1970) |url=https://indiancine.ma/NWS |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Drama
|
|-
|[[Pettandarulu]]
|
|
|-
|''Thaali Bottu''
|
|
|-
|''[[Mayani Mamata]]''
|Anandam
|
|-
| rowspan="15" | 1971
| ''[[Bomma Borusa]]''
| Appula Appa Rao
|
|-
|''[[Anuradha telugu film|Anuradha]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anuradha Movie (1971) |url=https://www.etvwin.com/telugu-movies/anuradha-1?media=movie&layout=movies}}</ref>
|Yadaiah
|
|-
|''[[Atthalu Kodallu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Athalu Kodallu (1971) |url=https://indiancine.ma/OGN |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Varahalu
|
|-
| ''[[Chinnanati Snehitulu]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Prem Nagar (1971 film)|Prem Nagar]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Srimanthudu (1971 film)|Shrimanthudu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Kathanayakuralu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kathanayakuralu (1971) |url=https://indiancine.ma/OLR/info |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Raju
|
|-
|''[[Sati Anasuya]]''
|Sukhananda
|
|-
| ''Pattukunte Laksha''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pattukunte Laksha (1971)|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8793832/|access-date=2021-07-09|website=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|''[[Jagath Janthrilu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jagath Jantrilu |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/jagath-jantrilu/cast/2030164066/ |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en}}</ref>
|Sisindri
|
|-
|''Andam Kosam Pandem''<ref>{{Citation|title=Andam Kosam Pandem (1971) - IMDb|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15173238/|language=en-US|access-date=2021-08-07}}</ref>
|Alakasundarudu
|
|-
|''[[Vintha Samsaram]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vintha Samsaram (1971) |url=https://indiancine.ma/OUF |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Murali, Second son of 'Prestige' Padmanabham ([[Jaggayya]])
|
|-
|''[[Revolver Rani 1971 film|Revolver Rani]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revolver Rani (1971) |url=https://indiancine.ma/OQX |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Baabulu
|
|-
|''[[Debbaku tha Dongala Mutha]]''
|Laal
|
|-
|''[[Pavitra Hrudayalu]]''
|Bobby
|
|-
| rowspan="12" | 1972
| ''[[Bharya Biddalu]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Badi Panthulu]]''
|
|
|-
| ''Iddaru Ammayilu''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Tata Manavadu]]''
| Grandson Giri
|
|-
| ''[[Vichitra Bandham]]''
| Babji
|
|-
|Muhammad bin Tughluq
|
|
|-
|''[[Korada Rani]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Korada Rani (1972) |url=https://indiancine.ma/PCC |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Detective Ekantham
|
|-
|''[[Nijam Nirupistha]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nijam Nirupistha (1972) |url=https://indiancine.ma/PEX |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Babu
|
|-
|[[Pandanti Kapuram|''Pandanti'' ''Kapuram'']]
|Sanjeevi
|
|-
|''[[Bala Mitrula Katha]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Manavudu Danavudu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Inspector Bharya]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inspector Bharya (1972) |url=https://indiancine.ma/BCFB |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Bujji Babu
|
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1973
| ''[[Andala Ramudu (1973 film)|Andala Ramudu]]''
| Appa Rao
|
|-
| ''[[Sarada (1973 film)|Sarada]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Oka Nari Vanda Thupakulu]]''
|Avataram
|
|-
|''Minor Babu<ref>{{Citation|title=Minaru Babu (1973) - IMDb|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0254572/|language=en-US|access-date=2021-08-03}}</ref>''
|Dhanam
|
|-
|''Devudamma''
|Tapakayila Jakkanna
|
|-
|''[[Doctor Babu]]''
|Chikkadu
|
|-
|''[[Mayadari Malligadu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mayadari Malligadu (1973) |url=https://indiancine.ma/PUA |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Officer Aishwaryam
|
|-
| rowspan="8" | 1974
| ''[[Alluri Seetharama Raju (1974 film)|Alluri Seetharama Raju]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Andaru Dongale]]''
| Dhairyam
|
|-
| ''Deeksha''
|
|
|-
|''[[Dorababu]]''
|Simhadi/Madhu
|
|-
|''[[Bangaaru Kalalu|Bangaru Kalalu]]''
|Venu
|
|-
|''[[Uttama Illalu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttama Illalu (1974) |url=https://indiancine.ma/QPG |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Bujji
|
|-
|''[[Manushullo Devudu]]''
|Govindu
|
|-
| ''[[Evariki Vare Yamuna Theere]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1975
| ''[[Jeevana Jyothi (1975 film)|Jeevana Jyothi]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Soggadu (1975 film)|Soggadu]]''
| Rajendra Prasad
|
|-
| ''[[Zamindarugari Ammayi]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zamindaru gari Ammayi (1975) |url=https://indiancine.ma/RGS/info |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Gangaraju
|
|-
|''[[Bhagasthulu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhagasthulu (1975) |url=https://indiancine.ma/QSQ |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Raju
|
|-
|[[Annadammula Anubandham]]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |1976
|''[[Andharu Bagundali]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andharu Bagundali (1976) |url=https://indiancine.ma/QRA |access-date=2023-06-14 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Kotaiah
|
|-
| ''[[Alludochhadu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Neram Nadi Kadu Akalidi]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neram Nadikadu Akalidi (1976) |url=https://indiancine.ma/RRR |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Vijay aka Pandit Rao
|
|-
|''[[Alludochadu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alludochadu (1976) |url=https://indiancine.ma/RHO |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Ravi, the pickpocket
|
|-
| ''[[Secretary (1976 film)|Secretary]]''
|
|
|-
|''Muthyala Pallaki''
|Giri
|
|-
| ''[[Mahakavi Kshetrayya]]''
|
|
|-
|''Monagadu''
|Bujji
|
|-
| rowspan="10" |1977
|''Aalu Magalu''
|Buchi Babu
|
|-
|''[[Eetharam Manishi]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eetharam Manishi (1977) |url=https://indiancine.ma/SFC |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Babu
|
|-
|Kotalo Paga
|
|
|-
| ''[[Adavi Ramudu (1977 film)|Adavi Ramudu]]''
| Bheemanna
|
|-
|''[[Chanakya Chandragupta]]''
|Nandulu
|
|-
|''[[Jeevithamlo Vasantham]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeevithamlo Vasantham (1977) |url=https://indiancine.ma/SHT |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Kailasam
|
|-
|''Bangaru Bommalu''
|
|
|-
|''[[Gadusu Pillodu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gadusu Pillodu (1977) |url=https://indiancine.ma/SFM |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Sundaramurthy
|
|-
|[[Chakradhari (1977 film)|Chakradhari]]
|
|
|-
|''[[Aatmiyudu]]''
|Chinna Rao
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1978
| ''[[Karunamayudu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Nayudu Bava]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nayudu Bava (1978) |url=https://indiancine.ma/TFL |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Guvi aka Gurajada Veeresalingam
|
|-
| ''Dongala Dopidi''
|Abbulu
|
|-
| ''[[Yuga Purushudu]]''
|Mohan
|
|-
|''[[Patnavasam]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patnavasam (1978) |url=https://indiancine.ma/THH |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Satya Harischandrudu
|
|-
|''[[Sahasavanthudu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahasavantudu (1978) |url=https://indiancine.ma/TJN |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Mandalam
|
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1979
| ''[[Karthika Deepam (film)|Karthika Deepam]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kotta Alludu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Korikale Gurralaithe]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Korikale Gurralaithe (1979) |url=https://indiancine.ma/TYE |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Raju, properietor of Babu & Raju company
|
|-
|''[[Andadu Aagadu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhadu Aagadu (1979) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AMIP |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Navarasa Raju aka Rasam
|
|-
|''[[Maa Voollo Mahasivudu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maavoollo Mahasivudu (1979) |url=https://indiancine.ma/TZL |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Simhachalam
|
|-
| ''[[Tayaramma Bangarayya]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Sri Rama Bantu]]''
|Balaraju
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1980
| ''[[Sarada Ramudu]]''
|
|
|-
|''Sirimalle Navvindi''
|Jayapparao
|
|-
|''[[Mahalakshmi (1980 film)|Mahalakshmi]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahalakshmi (1980) |url=https://indiancine.ma/UXK |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Anjaneyulu
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1981
| ''Gadasari Atta Sogasari Kodalu''
|
|
|-
|''Jagamondi''
|Lingam
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1982
|''[[Bangaru Bhoomi]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bangaru Bhoomi (1982) |url=https://indiancine.ma/WJC |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Kasulayya's elder son
|
|-
|''[[Kanthayya Kanakayya]]''<ref>{{Citation |title=KANTHAYYA KANAKAYYA {{!}} TELUGU FULL MOVIE {{!}} CHANDRA MOHAN {{!}} KAVITHA {{!}} TELUGU CINE CAFE |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MgpTI6qoic |access-date=2023-10-27 |language=en}}</ref>
|Mithai Rao
|
|-
|1983
|''[[Andhra Kesari (film)|Andhra Kesari]]''
|
|
|}

==Awards==
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2021}}
*[[Nandi Award]]
*[[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Award South]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0707303}}

{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search =
|d = yes
|d-search =
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 =
}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Babu, Raja}}
[[Category:Telugu comedians]]
[[Category:Male actors from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Male actors from Rajahmundry]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian slapstick comedians]]
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:1983 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian comedians]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in India]]

Bhojeshwar Temple

2026-01-22T02:24:41Z

JeanetteBracegir: Creating Some Place More To Come

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
|name = Bhojeshwar Temple
|image = Shiva Temple, Bhojpur 01.jpg
|map_type = India
|coordinates = {{coord|23.1003|N|77.5797|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
|map_caption = Location in India
|map_size = 250
|native_name = भोजेश्वर मन्दिर
|country = [[India]]
|state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|district = [[Raisen district|Raisen]]
|locale = [[Bhojpur, Madhya Pradesh|Bhojpur]]
|elevation_m = 463
| deity = [[Shiva]]
|festivals = [[Maha Shivaratri]]
|established = 11th century
|governing_body = [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI)
}}
The '''Bhojeshwar Temple''' ([[IAST]]: Bhojeśvara) is an incomplete [[Hindu temple]] in [[Bhojpur, Madhya Pradesh|Bhojpur]] village of [[Madhya Pradesh]], India. Dedicated to [[Shiva]], it houses a {{convert|7.5|ft|m|adj=on}} high [[lingam]] in its sanctum.

The temple's construction is believed to have started in the 11th century, during the reign of the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]] king [[Bhoja]]. The construction was abandoned for unknown reasons, with the [[architectural plan]]s engraved on the surrounding rocks. The unfinished materials abandoned at the site, the [[architectural drawing]]s carved on the rocks, and the [[mason's mark]]s have helped scholars understand the temple construction techniques of 11th-century India. The temple has been designated as a [[Monument of National Importance]] by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI).

==History==
The Bhojpur temple is believed to have been constructed by the 11th-century [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]] king [[Bhoja]]. Tradition also attributes to him the establishment of Bhojpur and the construction of now-breached dams in the area.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=71}} Because the temple was never completed, it lacks a dedicatory inscription. However, the name of the area ("Bhojpur") corroborates its association with Bhoja.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Willis |first=Michael |title=Inscriptions from Udayagiri: locating domains of devotion, patronage and power in the eleventh century |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=17 |issue=1 |year=2001 |pages=41–53 |doi=10.1080/02666030.2001.9628591 |s2cid=161258027 }}</ref>

This belief is further supported by the site's sculptures, which can be dated to the 11th century with certainty.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=71}} A [[Jainism|Jain]] temple in Bhojpur, which shares the same sets of [[mason's mark]]s with the Shiva temple, has an inscription explicitly dated to 1035 CE. Besides several literary works, historical evidence confirms that Bhoja's reign included the year 1035 CE: the [[Inscriptions of Bhoja#1011 CE Modasa copper-plates|Modasa copper plates]] (1010-11 CE) were issued by Bhoja; and the ''Chintamani-Sarnika'' (1055 CE) was composed by his court poet Dasabala. Moreover, the area around the temple once featured three [[dam]]s and a [[reservoir]]. The construction of such a large Shiva temple, dams and reservoir could have only been undertaken by a powerful ruler. All this evidence appears to confirm the traditional belief that the temple was commissioned by Bhoja. Archaeology professor Kirit Mankodi dates the temple to the later part of Bhoja's reign, around mid-11th century.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|pp=71–72}}

The ''[[Udaipur (Madhya Pradesh)|Udaipur]] [[Prashasti]]'' inscription of the later Paramara rulers states that Bhoja "covered the earth with temples" dedicated to the various aspects of Shiva, including Kedareshvara, Rameshwara, Somanatha, [[Kal Bhairav|Kala]], and Rudra. Tradition also attributes the construction of a [[Saraswati]] temple to him (see [[Bhoj Shala]]). The Jain writer Merutunga, in his ''[[Prabandha-Chintamani]]'', states that Bhoja constructed 104 temples in his capital city of [[Dhar]]a alone. However, the Bhojpur temple is the only surviving shrine that can be attributed to Bhoja with some certainty.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=61}}

According to a legend in Merutunga's ''Prabandha-Chintamani'', when Bhoja visited [[Srimala]], he told the poet [[Magha (poet)|Magha]] about the "Bhojasvāmin" temple that he was about to build, and then left for [[Malwa]] (the region in which Bhojpur is located).<ref>{{cite book |title=The Prabandhacintāmani or Wishing-Stone of Narratives |author=Merutunga Ācārya |translator=[[Charles Henry Tawney]] |year=1901 |publisher=Asiatic Society |page=49 }}</ref> However, Magha (c. 7th century) was not a contemporary of Bhoja, and therefore, the legend is [[anachronism|anachronistic]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hermann Jacobi |author-link=Hermann Jacobi |title=On Bhâravi and Mâgha |journal=Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes |volume=3 |year=1889 |page=141 }}</ref>

The temple originally stood on the banks of a reservoir 18.5 long and 7.5 miles wide.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=68}} This reservoir was formed through construction of 3 earth-and-stone dams during Bhoja's reign. The first dam, built on [[Betwa River]], trapped the river waters in a depression surrounded by hills. A second dam was constructed in a gap between the hills, near present-day Mendua village. A third dam, located in present-day Bhopal, diverted more water from the smaller Kaliasot river into the Betwa dam reservoir. This man-made reservoir existed until 15th century, when [[Hoshang Shah]] emptied the lake by breaching two of the dams.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=71}}

===Funerary monument theory===
The Bhojpur temple features several peculiar elements, including the omission of a [[mandapa]] connected to the [[garbhagriha]] (sanctum), and the rectilinear roof instead of the typical curvilinear ''[[shikhara]]'' (dome tower). Three of the temple's walls feature a plain exterior; there are some carvings on the entrance wall, but these are of the 12th century style. Based on these peculiarities, researcher Shri Krishna Deva proposed that the temple was a [[List of types of funerary monument|funerary monument]]. Deva's hypothesis was further corroborated by the discovery of a medieval architectural text by [[Madhusudan Dhaky|M. A. Dhaky]]. This fragmentary text describes the construction of memorial temples erected over the remains of a dead person, conceived of as vehicles for [[entering heaven alive|ascent]] to the heaven. Such temples were called ''svargarohana-prasada'' ("temple commemorating the ascent to the ''[[svarga]]'' or heaven"). The text explicitly states that in such temples, a roof of receding tiers should be used instead of the typical shikhara. Kirit Mankodi notes that the [[superstructure]] of the Bhojpur temple would have been in this exact form upon its competition. He speculates that Bhoja may have started the construction of this shrine for the peace of soul of his father [[Sindhuraja]] or of his uncle [[Vakpati Munja|Munja]], who suffered a humiliating death in enemy territory.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=72}}

=== Abandonment of construction ===
[[File:Bhojpur 9-22.jpg|thumb|right|[[Architectural drawing]]s engraved in the surrounding rock, for use by the artisans ]]

It appears that the construction work stopped abruptly.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=64}} The reasons are not known, but historians speculate that the abandonment may have been triggered by a sudden [[natural disaster]], a lack of resources, or a war. Before its restoration during 2006–07, the building lacked a roof. Based on this, archaeologist [[KK Muhammed]] theorizes that the roof could have collapsed due to a mathematical error made while calculating the load; subsequently, circumstances might have prevented Bhoja from rebuilding it.<ref name="KSShaini_2007"/>

The evidence from the abandoned site has helped the scholars understand the mechanics and organisation of 11th century temple construction.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=66}} To the north and the east of the temple, there are several [[quarry]] sites, where unfinished architectural fragments in various stages of carving were found. Also present are the remains of a large sloping ramp erected for carrying the carved slabs from the quarries to the temple site.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=61}} Several carvings brought to the temple site from the quarries had been left at the site. The ASI moved these carvings to a warehouse in the 20th century.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=64}}

Detailed [[architectural plan]]s for the finished temple are engraved on the rocks in the surrounding quarries.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZ6oWxMFj3MC&pg=PA242 |title=DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: India |editor=Aruna Ghose |publisher=Penguin |year=2011 |isbn=9780756684440 |page=242 }}</ref>{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=61}} These architectural plans indicate that the original intention was to build a massive temple complex with many more temples. The successful execution of these plans would have made Bhojpur one of the largest temple complexes in India.<ref name="KSShaini_2007"/>

<gallery mode="packed">
A statue lying down at Shiv Temple, Bhojpur.jpg | An unfinished statue at the site
Palace frags PP.jpg | Architectural fragments at one of the quarry sites
Bhojeshwar temple carved rock fragments.jpg | Carved rock fragments near the entrance
</gallery>

The marks of over 1,300 [[stonemasonry|masons]] are engraved on the temple building, the quarry rocks and two other shrines in the village. This includes the names of 50 masons engraved on the various portions of the temple structure. Other marks are in the form of various symbols such as circle, crossed circle, wheel, [[trishula|trident]], [[swastika]], [[shankha|conch shell]], and [[Nagari script]] characters. These marks were meant to identify the amount of work completed by individuals, families or guilds involved in the construction. The marks would have been erased while giving the finishing touches, had the temple been completed.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=68}}

== Conservation and restoration ==

{{multiple image
| align = left
| direction = vertical
| width = 200
| header = The ceiling of the temple
| image1 = Bhojpur interior, ceiling.jpg
| caption1 = In 2004, before ASI sealed the gaps to prevent rainwater percolation
| image2 = Ceiling of the temple, Bhojpur.jpg
| caption2 = In 2011, after ASI's installation of the fibreglass component
}}

By 1950, the building had become structurally weak because of the regular rainwater percolation and removal of the [[stone veneer]]s.<ref name="ASI_Bhopal_conserv">{{cite web |url=http://www.asibhopal.nic.in/conservation/raisen_bhojpur.html |title=Bhojpur: Conservation & Preservation |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India, Bhopal Circle |access-date=10 May 2016 }}</ref> In 1951, the site was handed over to the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI) for conservation, in accordance with the [[Ancient Monuments Preservation Act 1904]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://asibhopal.nic.in/monument/pdf/distt.raisen/bhojpur/savite_temple/PRE.pdf |title=The Gazette of India (page 236) |date=17 February 1951 }}</ref> During the early 1990s, the ASI repaired the damaged steps of the platform and the sanctum, and also restored the missing ones. It also restored the facade on the north-west corner of the temple.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://asi.nic.in/nmma_reviews/Indian%20Archaeology%201991-92%20A%20Review.pdf |title=Indian Archaeology 1991–92 – A Review |editor=B. P. Singh |publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |year=1996 |page=169 |access-date=11 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511143321/http://www.asi.nic.in/nmma_reviews/Indian%20Archaeology%201991-92%20A%20Review.pdf |archive-date=11 May 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

During 2006–07, the ASI team supervised by [[KK Muhammed]] restored the monument. The team added a missing pillar to the structure. The 12-tonne pillar was carved out of a single stone by expert masons and sculptors in a style that matches the original. The monolith was procured from the area near [[Agra]] after a nationwide search for material matching the stone originally used in the temple. The team was unable to procure a [[crane (machine)|crane]] with a sufficiently long boom. So, they lifted the monolith 30 feet up with the help of a system of [[pulley]]s and [[lever]]s, which took 6 months to devise.<ref name="KSShaini_2007"/><ref name="ASI_Bhopal_conserv"/> KK Muhammed noted that two other pillars in the temple weigh 33 tonnes, and are also carved out of a single stone: it must have been very challenging for the original builders to erect these pillars without modern technology and resources.<ref name="KSShaini_2007"/>

The team closed the ceiling with a new architectural component matching the original one, to stop the water percolation. This [[fibreglass]] component weighs less than the original one, thus reducing unnecessary weight which could damage the structure. To further prevent the rainwater from getting in, the ASI also closed the portion between the wall and the [[superstructure]] by placing slanting stone slabs. In addition, the ASI placed new stone veneers matching the original ones on the northern, southern and western exterior walls of the temple.<ref name="ASI_Bhopal_conserv"/> The ASI also cleaned the dirt that had accumulated on the temple walls over the past few centuries.<ref name="KSShaini_2007">{{cite journal |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/pray-in-the-shade/234827 |title=Pray In The Shade |journal=Outlook |author=K. S. Shaini |date=11 June 2007 }}</ref>

== Architecture ==

The temple lies on a platform {{convert|115|ft|m}} long, {{convert|82|ft|m}} wide and {{convert|13|ft|m}} high. On the platform lies a [[garbhagriha|sanctum]] containing a large [[lingam]].{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=62}} The sanctum [[architectural plan|plan]] comprises a square; on the outside, each side measures {{convert|65|ft|m}}; on the inside, each measures {{convert|42.5|ft|m}}.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|pp=62–63}}

The lingam is built using three superimposed [[limestone]] blocks. The lingam is {{convert|7.5|ft|m}} high and {{convert|17.8|ft|m}} in circumference. It is set on a square platform, whose sides measure {{convert|21.5|ft|m}}.{{sfn|Ajoy Kumar Bhattacharya|2007|p=321}} The total height of the lingam, including the platform is over {{convert|40|ft|m}}.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=63}}

The doorway to the sanctum is {{convert|33|ft|m}} high.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=62}} The wall at the entrance features sculptures of [[apsara]]s, [[gana]]s (attendants of Shiva) and river goddesses.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=63}}

The temple walls are window-less and are made of large [[sandstone]] blocks. The pre-restoration walls did not have any cementing material. The northern, southern and eastern walls feature three [[balcony|balconies]], which rest on massive [[bracket (architecture)|brackets]]. These are faux balconies that are purely ornamental. They are not approachable from either inside or outside of the temple, because they are located high up on the walls, and have no openings on the interior walls. The northern wall features a [[makara (Hindu mythology)|makara]]-[[pranala]], which provided a drainage outlet for the liquid used to bathe the lingam.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=62}} Other than the sculptures on the front wall, this makara sculpture is the only carving on the external walls.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=64}} 8 images of goddesses were originally placed high up on the four interior walls (two on each wall); only one of these images now remains.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=63}}

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Shiva Temple, Bhojpur 08 - Gana.jpg | [[Gana]] sculpture
File:Lingam of Bhojpur temple, Raisen district, MP, India.jpg | [[Lingam]] in the sanctum
File:Shiva Temple, Bhojpur 03.jpg | Sculptures at the entrance
File:Drainage outlet from temple.JPG | [[Makara (Hindu mythology)|Makara]]-[[pranala]] (drainage spout)
File:Bhojpur Temple (3).jpg | Faux balcony
File:Bhojpur Mandir.JPG | View from the ground level
</gallery>

The four brackets supporting the [[cornerstone]]s feature four different divine couples: [[Shiva]]-[[Parvati]], [[Brahma]]-[[Shakti]], [[Rama]]-[[Sita]], and [[Vishnu]]-[[Lakshmi]]. A single couple appears on all the three faces of each bracket.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=63}}

While the superstructure remains incomplete, it is clear that the [[shikhara]] (dome tower) was not intended to be curvilinear. According to Kirit Mankodi, the shikhara was intended to be a low pyramid-shaped ''samvarana'' roof, usually featured in the [[mandapa]]s.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=63}} According to [[Adam Hardy (architectural historian)|Adam Hardy]], the shikhara probably intended to be of ''phamsana'' (rectilinear in outline) style, although it is of ''[[bhumija]]'' ([[Latina (architecture)|Latina]] or curvilinear in outline) style in its detailing.{{sfn|Adam Hardy|2007|p=188}}

The incomplete but richly carved dome is supported by four octagonal pillars, each {{convert|39.96|ft|m}} high.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://asibhopal.nic.in/monument/raisen_bhojpur_savitetemple.html |title=Bhojpur Savite Temple |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India, Bhopal Circle |access-date=10 May 2016 }}</ref>{{sfn|Ajoy Kumar Bhattacharya|2007|p=321}} Each pillar is aligned with 3 [[pilaster]]s. These 4 pillars and 12 pilasters are similar to the ''navaranga-mandapa''s of some other medieval temples, in which 16 pillars were organized to make up 9 compartments.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=63}}

The remnants of a sloping [[inclined plane|ramp]] can be seen on the north-eastern corner of the building. The ramp is built of sandstone slabs, each measuring 39 x 20 x 16 inches. The slabs are covered with [[soil]] and [[sand]].{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=66}} The ramp itself is {{convert|300|ft|m}} long, and slopes upwards to a height of {{convert|40|ft|m}}. Originally, the ramp reached up to the temple wall, but currently, a gap exists between the two.{{sfn|Kirit Mankodi|1987|p=68}}

==Bhojeshwar Temple Museum==
There is a small museum dedicated to Bhojeshwar Shiva Temple and it is situated nearly 200 meters from the main temple. The museum depicts the history of Bhojeshwar Temple through posters and sketches. The museum also describes the reign of Bhoja and important books written by him as well as the mason marks. There is no entry fee in the museum and the museum is open for visitors from 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM.

== Present use ==
The monument is now under the protection of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_mp.asp |title=Alphabetical List of Monuments – Madhya Pradesh |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |access-date=10 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161102195954/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_mp.asp |archive-date=2 November 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Because of its proximity to the state capital [[Bhopal]] (28 km), it attracts a considerable number of tourists. In 2015, the site received the National Tourism Award (2013–14) for the "Best maintained and Disabled Friendly Monument".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-gujarat-bags-top-award-for-comprehensive-development-of-tourism-2126519 |title=Gujarat bags top award for comprehensive development of tourism |newspaper=DNA |date=19 September 2015 }}</ref>

Despite being unfinished, the temple is in use for religious purposes. On [[Maha Shivaratri]], thousands of devotees visit the temple.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/madhya-pradesh/mahashivratri-being-celebrated-across-madhya-pradesh_1863274.html |title=Mahashivratri being celebrated across Madhya Pradesh |date=7 March 2016 |publisher=Zee News }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/MP-BPL-HMU-bhojpur-temple-5269095-PHO.html |title=भगवान भोले के दर्शन को सुबह 4 बजे से लगी लोगों की भीड़, भोजपुर उत्सव शुरू |date=8 March 2016 |newspaper=Dainik Bhaksar |language=hi }}</ref> The Government of Madhya Pradesh organises the ''Bhojpur Utsav'' cultural event at the site every year around Maha Shivaratri.<ref name="Pioneer_2014">{{cite news |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhopal/bhojpur-utsav-to-observe-mahashivratri.html |title='Bhojpur Utsav' to observe Mahashivratri |newspaper=The Pioneer |date=26 February 2014 |archive-date=10 May 2017 |access-date=10 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510111411/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhopal/bhojpur-utsav-to-observe-mahashivratri.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Past performers at the event include [[Kailash Kher]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/music-events/Kailash-Kher-performs-at-Bhojpur-Utsav-in-Bhojpur/articleshow/18927902.cms |title=Kailash Kher performs at Bhojpur Utsav in Bhojpur |date=13 March 2013 |newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref> [[Richa Sharma (singer)|Richa Sharma]], [[Ganna Smirnova]],<ref name="Pioneer_2014"/> and [[Sonu Nigam]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/sonu-nigam-adds-charm-to-bhojpur-utsav/799767 |title=Sonu Nigam adds charm to Bhojpur Utsav |newspaper=The Free Press Journal |date=9 March 2016 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=Adam Hardy |author-link=Adam Hardy (architectural historian) |title=Theory and Practice of Temple Architecture in Medieval India: Bhoja's Samarāṅgaṇasūtradhāra and the Bhojpur Line Drawings |publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts |year=2015 |isbn=9789381406410 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_oADrgEACAAJ }}
* {{cite book |author=Adam Hardy |author-link=Adam Hardy (architectural historian) |title=The temple architecture of India |publisher=Wiley |year=2007 |isbn=978-0470028278 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ofUVAQAAIAAJ }}
* {{cite book |author=Ajoy Kumar Bhattacharya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IiPzlhWemzcC&pg=PA321 |title=Forestry For The Next Decade |volume=2 |publisher=Concept |year=2007 |isbn=9788180694271 }}
* {{cite journal |author=Kirit Mankodi |title=Scholar-Emperor and a Funerary Temple: Eleventh Century Bhojpur |url=http://vmis.in/Resources/digital_publication_popup?id=140#page/2 |journal=[[Marg (magazine)|Marg]] |volume=39 |issue=2 |year=1987 |pages=61–72 }}
{{ref end}}

== External links ==
* {{commons category inline|Bhojeshwar Temple}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:11th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Raisen district]]
[[Category:Bhoja]]

2025 Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council election

2026-01-17T15:54:38Z

JeanetteBracegir: Creating The Place First Draft

{{Short description|Indian local election}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2025 Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| turnout =
| previous_election = 2019 Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council election
| previous_year = 2019
| next_election =
| next_year =
| election_date = 21 February 2025
| seats_for_election =29 out of 30 seats in the [[Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council]]
| majority_seats = 15

| image1 = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Book.svg|50px]]
| party1 = National People's Party (India)
| seats1 = 13
| last_election1 = 12
| seat_change1 = {{increase}}1
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 =
| swing1 =

| image2 = [[File:Winnower Symbol.png|50px]]
| party2 = Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)
| seats2 = 8
| last_election2 = 0
| seat_change2 = {{increase}}8
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| swing2 =

| image3 = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Drums.png|50px]]
| party3 = United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)
| seats3 = 3
| last_election3 = 10
| seat_change3 = {{decrease}}7
| popular_vote3 =
| percentage3 =
| swing3 =

| image4 = [[File:Hand INC.svg|50px]]
| party4 = Indian National Congress
| seats4 = 3
| last_election4 = 4
| seat_change4 = {{decrease}}1
| popular_voter4 =
| percentage4 =
| swing4 =

| image5 =
| party5 = Independent politician
| seats5= 2
| last_election5= 0
| seat_change5= {{increase}}2
| popular_vote5 =
| percentage5=
| swing5=

| title = Chief executive member
| posttitle = Chief executive member
| before_election =
| before_party =
| after_election = Thombor Shiwat
| after_party = [[Meghalaya Democratic Alliance (2018–present)|MDA]]
}}

Elections to the '''[[Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council]] (JHADC)''' were held on 21 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tribune |first=The Assam |date=2024-12-19 |title=KHADC and JHADC elections scheduled for February 21, 2025 |url=https://assamtribune.com/north-east/khadc-and-jhadc-elections-scheduled-for-february-21-2025-1561631 |access-date=2025-03-01 |website=assamtribune.com |language=en}}</ref> Of the 30 seats, 29 seats were open for election and one remaining seat is nominated.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-24 |title=ADC polls: VPP wins in Khasi Hills, NPP in Jaintia Hills |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/adc-polls-vpp-wins-in-khasi-hills-npp-in-jaintia-hills/articleshow/118538527.cms |access-date=2025-03-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The [[National People's Party (India)|NPP]] emerged as the single largest party by winning 13 seats, but fell short of the required majority of 15. It later formed the government in coalition with the [[United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)|UDP]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-02-25 |title=Meghalaya district council polls: Ruling NPP unseated in Khasi hills but is single largest party in Jaintia |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/vpp-wins-khadc-polls-unseats-npp-meghalaya-9854253/ |access-date=2025-03-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Overview==
About 114 candidates including 7 women participated in the election. The voter turnout was 85.58%.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Network |first=Hub |date=2025-02-24 |title=KHADC, JHADC poll result today, fate of 272 candidates in fray to be decided |url=https://hubnetwork.in/khadc-jhadc-poll-result-today-fate-of-272-candidates-in-fray-to-be-decided/ |access-date=2025-03-01 |website=Hub News |language=en-US}}</ref> The highest voter turnout was recorded at Moodymmai-Nongkroh constituency (90.8%) and the lowest at Jowai-North constituency (75.21%).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Network |first=Hub |date=2025-02-21 |title=MDC Elections {{!}} 65.32% turnout in KHADC & JHADC Polls; Jaintia Hills 70%, KHADC 59% |url=https://hubnetwork.in/mdc-elections-65-32-turnout-in-khadc-jaintia-hills-70-khadc-59/ |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=Hub News |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Results==
The state ruling party [[National People's Party (India)|NPP]] won 13 seats. The VPP won 8 seats and the [[United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)|UDP]] and [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] party won 3 seats. The remaining 2 seats are won by Independents.<ref name=":1" />

Thombor Shiwat was elected as the Chief Executive Member and Dr. Sankey Shangpung as the new Chairman of the council.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-28 |title=Thombor Shiwat re-elected as JHADC CEM for fourth term {{!}} VPP boycotts election |url=https://hubnetwork.in/thombor-shiwat-re-elected-as-jhadc-cem-for-fourth-term-vpp-boycotts-election/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=Hub News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-07 |title=JHADC gets new EC with 11 EMs - The Shillong Times |url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2025/03/07/jhadc-gets-new-ec-with-11-ems/ |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=theshillongtimes.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Winning candidates===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
!Constituency
!Winner
! colspan="2" |Party
!Votes
!Margin
|-
!1
|War East
|Medling M Swer
|style="background-color:{{party color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}"|
|[[United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)|UDP]]
| 4073
| 384
|-
!2
|War Central
| Jhangshaprang Pohtam
| style="background-color:{{party color|Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)}}"|
| [[Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)|VPP]]
| 2981
| 431
|-
!3
| War West
| Het Pohthmi
| style="background-color:{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}"|
| [[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
| 3018
| 474
|-
!4
| Sohmynting -
Khlietyrshi
| Madonbai Rymbai
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| 3450
| 988
|-
!5
| Mukhla - Wahiajer
| Nehimaia Lamare
| style="background-color:{{party color|Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)}}"|
| [[Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)|VPP]]
| 4901
| 224
|-
!6
| Ummulong -
Moodymmai
| Jesse Suiam
| rowspan= 3 style="background-color:{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}"|
| rowspan= 3 |[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
| 4225
| 433
|-
!7
| Nongbah
| Reformingson Lamare
| 3921
| 7
|-
!8
| Nartiang-Umladang
| Thombor Shiwat
| 4260
| 102
|-
!9
|Nongjngi
| Laiawanlamjinghun Khynriam
| style="background-color:{{party color|Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)}}"|
| [[Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)|VPP]]
| 3711
| 177
|-
!10
| Mynsngad-Khanduli
| Pheinshwa Nanglein
| style="background-color:{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}"|
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
| 3919
| 301
|-
!11
| Shilliang Myntang
| Daeimi Liam
| style="background-color:{{party color|Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)}}"|
| [[Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)|VPP]]
| 3040
| 244
|-
!12
| Barato-Mukroh
| Aiborlang Shadap
| style="background-color:{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}"|
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
| 3239
| 140
|-
!13
| Saphai
| Rikut Parein
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| 3506
| 289
|-
!14
|Mowkaiaw
| Wormanship Shadap
| rowspan= 3 style="background-color:{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}"|
|rowspan=3 |[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
| 3787
| 790
|-
!15
| Raliang
| Bisonroy Iano
| 4209
| 984
|-
!16
| Shangpung
| Mihnyngkong Sutnga
| 4031
| 1247
|-
!17
| Nangbah-Mihmyntdu
| Gresentus Susngi
| rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)}}"|
| rowspan=2 |[[Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)|VPP]]
| 3910
| 1045
|-
!18
| Jowai-North
| Awhai Andrew Shullai
| 6234
| 4602
|-
!19
|Jowai South
| Moonlight Pariat
| bgcolor=#FFFFF|
| IND
| 3189
| 522
|-
!20
| Muthlong - Sohkymphor
| Soki Lapasam
| style="background-color:{{party color|Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)}}"|
| [[Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)|VPP]]
| 3154
| 395
|-
!21
| Tuber
| Lasky Rymbai
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}"|
| rowspan=2 |[[United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)|UDP]]
| 3662
| 361
|-
!22
| Musniang Rngat
| Wailadameshwa Siangshai
| 5555
| 2638
|-
!23
| Rymbai Khliehriat
| Violet Lyngdoh
| bgcolor=#FFFFF|
| IND
| 5552
|1835
|-
!24
| Sutnga Narwan
| Seiborlang Shadap
| rowspan= 3 style="background-color:{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}"|
|rowspan=3 |[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
| 3525
| 857
|-
!25
| Sutnga Nongkhlieh
| Hambertus Nongtdu
| 3952
| 498
|-
!26
| Sumer
| Krison Langstang
| 4049
| 2040
|-
!27
| Saipung
| Lalwilliama Theite
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| 3402
| 299
|-
!28
| Narpuh
| Deivipaya T. Tongper
| style="background-color:{{party color|Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)}}"|
| [[Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)|VPP]]
| 4014
| 717
|-
!29
| Bataw Lakadong
| Sankey Shangpung
| style="background-color:{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}"|
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
| 3426
| 1492
|-
|Colspan=7 |Source: <ref>{{cite web |title=Press Release |url=https://megdca.gov.in/elections2025/PRESS_RELEASE_KHADC_JHADC_2025.pdf}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Meghalaya elections}}

[[Category:2025 elections in India]]
[[Category:Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council elections]]

Sivalokanathar Temple, Tirupunkur

2026-01-09T13:42:08Z

JeanetteBracegir:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Sivalokanathar Temple
| image = Tiruppunkur8.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates = {{coord|11|11|18|N|79|40|34|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| other_names =
| proper_name =

| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Mayiladuthurai]]
| location = [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Sivalokanathar([[Shiva]])
| primary_deity_Godess =
| utsava_deity_God =
| utsava_deity_Godess=
| Direction_posture =
| Pushakarani =
| Vimanam =
| Poets =
| Prathyaksham =
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
}}
'''Sivalokanathar Temple''' (சிவலோகநாதர் கோயில்)<ref name="ta.Bharatpedia.org">[[:ta:திருப்புன்கூர் சிவலோகநாதர் கோயில்]]</ref> is a [[Hindu]] temple in the [[Indian state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is dedicated to the god [[Shiva]]. The temple is situated in the village of Tirupunkur or Thirupunkur which lies about 3 miles west of [[Vaitheeswaran Koil]].<ref name="saivismp256">{{cite book|title=The grand epic of Saivism|author=Suddhananda Bharathi|page=256|publisher=South India Saiva Siddhanta Works Pub. Society|place=Tirunelveli|year=1970}}</ref> The temple is associated with the legend of the [[Saivite]] saint [[Nandanar]] who was one of the 63 [[Nayanmars]]. While being a [[Dalit]], Nandanar was not allowed inside the temple, the idol of ''Nandi'' within the temple precincts moved a few inches at the command of Shiva so as not to obstruct Nandanar's view from the gate of the shrine.

== Literary mention ==
[[Tirunavukkarasar]] describes the feature of the deity of Tirupunkur and [[Thiruneedur Somanathaswami Temple|Thiruneedur]]<ref>Tiruanvukkarasar Tevaram, VI: 11: 9</ref>

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==

* {{cite book|title=Tourist Guide to Tamil Nadu|year=2010|publisher=Sura Books|isbn=978-81-7478-177-2|page=64}}

<gallery>
File: Tiruppunkur7.jpg|Main entrance
File: Tiruppunkur1.jpg|Nandhi(front view)
File: Tiruppunkur5.jpg|Nandhi (rear view)
File: Tiruppunkur2.jpg|From inside the temple(Nandhanar shrine next to Rajagopuram)
File: Tiruppunkur12.jpg|Vimana of Nandhanar shrine near Rajagopuram
File: Tiruppunkur13.jpg|Nandhanar shrine outside the temple (Front view)
File: Tiruppunkur9.jpg|Nandhanar shrine outside the temple (Rear view)
</gallery>

{{Mayiladuthurai district}}

{{Famous Shiva temples}}
{{Mayiladuthurai Topics}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Mayiladuthurai district]]
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]

IBM India

2026-01-03T03:04:27Z

JeanetteBracegir: added entry

{{Short description|Indian subsidiary}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox company
| name = IBM India Private Limited
| logo = [[File:IBM logo.svg|200px]]
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| key_people = '''Sandip Patel''', Managing Director, IBM India Private Limited, & South Asia Head<ref>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/ibm-appoints-sandip-patel-md-of-india-and-south-asia/articleshow/73150477.cms IBM appoints Sandip Patel MD of India and South Asia]</ref><ref>[https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/ibm-announces-appointment-of-company-veteran-sandip-patel-as-new-india-md-120010801398_1.html IBM India names Sandip Patel as MD | Business Standard]</ref>
| industry = [[Computer hardware]] [[Consultant|Consulting]] [[IT Services]]
| products = [[List of IBM products|See complete products listing]]
| num_employees = ~ 100,000
| parent = [[IBM]]
| footnotes =
| location = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| website = {{URL|www.ibm.com/in-en}}
}}

[[File:IBM Bangalore Manyata.JPG|thumb|IBM India Building at Manyata Tech Park in Bangalore.]]
[[File:IBM Bangalore Manyata 2.jpg|thumb|IBM India building in Bangalore, decorated as part of the centennial year celebrations.]]

'''IBM India Private Limited''' is the [[India]]n subsidiary of [[IBM]].<ref>[http://www.ibm.com/ibm/in/en/ India Registered Office]</ref> It has facilities in [[Ahmedabad]], [[Bengaluru]], [[Bhubaneshwar]], [[Chennai]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Delhi]], [[Gurgaon]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Kochi]], [[Kolkata]], [[Mumbai]], [[Noida]], [[Pune]], [[Mysore]] and [[Visakhapatnam]].

Between 2003 and 2007, IBM's head count in India has grown by almost 800%, from 9,000 in 2003<ref name="AP">[http://www.accessnorthga.com/detail.php?n=205230 About 1 in 5 IBM Employees Now in India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308124851/http://www.accessnorthga.com/detail.php?n=205230 |date=8 March 2008 }}, an [[Associated Press]] article via accessnorthga.com</ref> to nearly 74,000 in 2007.<ref name="2007ar">IBM's 2007 Annual Report, p.50.</ref> Since 2006, IBM has been the multinational with the largest number of [[List of companies of India|employees in India]].<ref name="bw">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060613154559/http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/jun2006/gb20060606_283521.htm IBM's India Pep Rally], a June 2006 article from ''[[BusinessWeek]]''</ref> IBM is very secretive about the geographic distribution of its employees. By most estimates, it has close to a third of its 288,000 employees (~ 100,000) in India, and it likely has more employees there than in the US.<ref name="IBM India Headcount">[http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Tech-a-tete/entry/if-cognizant-is-indian-so-are-ibm-and-accenture IBM India Headcount]</ref>

== Growth and future initiatives ==

IBM, in an analyst meeting held at [[Bangalore]] on 6 June 2005 stated that IBM's India plans are for the long term & committed to invest $6 billion in the next three years in India, triple the amount invested in the three years preceding the meeting.<ref name="bw" />

IBM worldwide expects its revenues to be around $120 billion by 2010, of which nearly $86 billion (68%) would come from [[IBM Consulting]] alone, with an estimate of about 80,000 employees. IBM India would account for 90,000 of these. Roughly translated, IBM's Indian employees would generate $35 billion of IBM's revenues in 2010.<ref name="employee number projection">{{cite web |url=http://www.businessworldindia.com/MAY2906/index.asp |title=Big Blue's big India plans |date=2006-06-24 |access-date=21 June 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060616000621/http://www.businessworldindia.com/MAY2906/index.asp |archive-date=16 June 2006 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

IBM Global Services (now split to Business Services & Technical Services) was called the "jewel in the IBM crown" by the Aberdeen group in 2003. For worldwide IBM, this is the group that contributes to more than half its global revenues ($54 billion in 2005) presently and growing at a healthy rate (8% in 2005). With half of global service employees to be located in India, IBM India's importance for the global corporation can be easily fathomed.

=== IBM's re-organization ===
In 2005., Ginni Rometty at the Enterprise Business Services unit of IBM worldwide and heralded changes that would have long running implications and would lead to the explosive growth of IBM in India. To emphasize how serious IBM was about making India a major IBM headcount and business growth destination, a Global Briefing event for investors and analysts was held in Bangalore in June 2006 with India's then President [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Abdul Kalam]] as the Chief Guest. Most of the senior most IBM executives were present for the event. To bring more focus to growing the technical talent in India, IBM appointed [[IBM Fellow]] [[C. Mohan]] of [[IBM Research]] in [[Silicon Valley]] as the IBM India Chief Scientist, a new position that was created for that purpose. Mohan served in that position from June 2006 to January 2009 in Bangalore and then returned to [[IBM Research – Almaden]].

At an investor meet in 2006, she identified five areas that would transform IBM and bring 'profitable growth'. In order of importance, they were Business Transformation Outsourcing, Application Management Services, Business Solutions, Small & Medium Business & Innovation. In each one of these areas, IBM India figures prominently and employee numbers have grown multi-fold in the last two years.

IBM India's domestic revenues grew at 60% in 2005-06 making it one of the highest growth areas in the entire IBM portfolio of geographies & businesses. IBM India is also the biggest domestic IT player in the country, replacing HCL Technologies{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}. It's worthwhile to mention that [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]], India's largest private telecom company which had chosen IBM as its strategic partner for outsourcing its entire network & IT backbone – a deal worth about $750 million initially, has decided to renew it for another five years, reducing the order by more than half the size of the one that expired at the end of March 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/RTEjtTMsQUDLFy3tnCoa5N/Airtel-renews-IBM-outsourcing-contract-for-five-years.html|title = Bharti Airtel renews IBM outsourcing contract for five years|date = 2 April 2014}}</ref>

== History ==

{| class="wikitable" align="right" style="text-align: right;"
! Year !! Employees
|-
| 2000 || 5001
|-
| 2003 || 9,000
|-
| 2004 || 23,010
|-
| 2005 || 38,500
|-
| 2006 || 53,000
|-
| 2007 || 74,000
|-
| 2008 || 94,000
|-
| 2009 || 112,900
|-
| 2010 || 131,001
|}

=== Pre-liberalization story ===

In making the change to its new mode of operation, a number of restructuring steps were taken:
- All installed equipment (equipment in India was all leased by the month – a GOI requirement) was 'sold' to the existing users for a nominal amount of less than $10
- The (profitable) Service Bureaus were given to the employees who were employed in them at that time. A management structure was established, based upon several of the most senior Indian managers, who collectively became the majority shareholders in the new company, which they named IDM (International Data Management)
- The equipment service business was transferred as a single total entity to the GOI, on the understanding that they would continue to offer maintenance service to all existing users. IBM undertook to provide spare parts for installed equipment for at least a further 5 years
- Employees who were working in other countries at that time were offered positions in those countries, if the immigration laws allowed. Most accepted and a number went on to achieve promotions to senior positions in those countries and around the world
- The employment of all other employees was terminated, with what were generally considered to be generous redundancy terms.

=== Post-liberalization story ===

The Indian economy was liberalized in 1991, relaxing [[Foreign direct investment|FDI]] norms. IBM re-entered India in 1987 with a [[Tata Group|Tata]] joint-venture, named [[Tata Interactive Systems|Tata Information Systems Ltd]]. Its business interest in India was still focused on product sales.

=== Current activities ===

IBM India has now grown to an extent where it poses a stiff challenge to homegrown [[Software companies of India]] in IT global delivery and manpower attraction/retention. It now operates the following business lines from India which contributes to worldwide IBM in a global delivery framework: India Software Labs (ISL), India Research Lab (IRL), [[Linux Technology Center]], Global Business Services(GBS), Global Technology Services (GTS) formerly known as ITD-GD (Information Technology Delivery – Global Delivery), Global Business Solutions Center (GBSC), Sales & Distribution (S&D), Integrated Technology Services (ITS).

On 2 March 2012 it was reported that IBM India wants to open sales office in around 40 Tier-I and Tier-II cities of India in year 2012–2013.<ref>[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/info-tech/article2953367.ece Business Line : Industry & Economy / Info-tech : IBM foraying in big way in smaller cities]</ref>

== Country managers ==
The head of IBM India is called a country manager. These people have headed IBM India during its history in the country.
* 1966–1976 – Alec Taylor
* 1976–1978 – T Brian Finn
* 1992–1994 – Michael Klein
* 1994–1996 – John R. Whiting
* 1996–1998 – Ravi Marwaha
* 1998–2000 – Ranjit Limaye
* 2001–2004 – Abraham Thomas, currently in IBM Singapore
* 2004–2012 – Shanker Annaswamy
* 2012–2016 – [[Vanitha Narayanan]]
* 2017–2019 – [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/hardware/ibm-india-names-karan-bajwa-as-md/articleshow/56328074.cms Karan Bajwa]
* 2020 – [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/ibm-appoints-sandip-patel-md-of-india-and-south-asia/articleshow/73150477.cms Sandip Patel]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.ibm.com/in-en/}}

{{IBM}}

[[Category:IBM subsidiaries|India]]
[[Category:Software companies of India]]
[[Category:Information technology companies of Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Re-established companies]]
[[Category:Computer companies of India]]
[[Category:Computer hardware companies]]
[[Category:Indian subsidiaries of foreign companies]]
[[Category:Companies with year of establishment missing]]

Nuapada district

2025-12-29T01:37:30Z

JeanetteBracegir:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Nuapada}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nuapada district
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Odisha|District]] of [[Odisha]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a = Yogeswar Temple, Patora.JPG
|photo2a = Khariar street.jpg
|photo3a = Shiv1 Temple, Gandabahali.jpg
}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Top: Yogeswar Temple, Patora Middle: Street Market, [[Khariar]] Bottom: Shiv Temple, [[Gandabahali]]
| image_map = Nuapada in Odisha (India).svg
| image_map1 =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Odisha
| coordinates = {{coord|20.65|N|82.833|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Orissa Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Odisha]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 27 March 1993
| founder = '''Ghasiram Majhi'''
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Nuapada]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = [[District collector|Collector & District Magistrate]]
| leader_name = Madhusudan Dash, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title1 = [[ Indian Forest Service | Divisional Forest Officer]]
| leader_name1 = Khushwant Singh, [[Indian Forest Service|IFS]]
| leader_title2 =[[Superintendent of Police (India)|Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name2 = Gundala Reddy Raghavendra
[[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3408
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 610,382
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 157
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=districtcensus/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 766105
| registration_plate = OD-26
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1020 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 58.20%
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Kalahandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalahandi]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Orissa Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = 2 {{collapsible list|title={{nbsp}}|071-[[Nuapada (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nuapada]] 072-[[Khariar (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khariar]]}}
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Aw]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|1230|mm|in}}
| website = {{URL|www.nuapada.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| imagesize =
}}
'''Nuapada district''' is located in the [[Odisha]] state in [[India]], with the town of [[Nuapada]] serving as the headquarters of the district. It has one subdivision: [[Nuapada]], and five blocks: [[Khariar]], [[Sinapali]], [[Boden Block|Boden]], [[Komna, Nuapada|Komna]], and [[Nuapada]]. Nuapada District has three [[Notified Area Council]]s: [[Khariar]], [[Khariar Road]], and [[Nuapada]], six [[tehsil]]s in addition to villages, such as [[Gandabahali]], Tukla, Hatibandha, Duajher, [[Bargaon, Odisha|Bargaon]], Tarbod, Udyanbandh, Singjhar, [[Brahmanpada, Nuapada|Brahmanpada]], Karngamal, Sarabong, Dharambandha, Lakhna, Sunabeda, Beltukri, Bhela, Niljee, and Larka etc.

==History==
The district of Nuapada was a part of [[Kalahandi district]] until early March 1993, but for administrative convenience, Kalahandi District was divided into two parts — Kalahandi and Nuapada vide State Government Notification No. DRC-44/93/14218/R dated 27 March 1993. Nuapada District now comprises one sub-division Nuapada, six [[tehsil]]s (Nuapada, Komana, Khariar, Sinapalli, Boden and jonk) and five community development blocks (Khariar, Sinapalli, Boden, Nuapada and Komna).It is believed that the District of Kalahandi formed in ancient time a part of Mahakantara territory. During 4th century CE, when [[Samudragupta|Samudra Gupta]] led his campaign through this region a king named Vyaghraraja was ruling over Mahakantara. After Vyaghraraja, the [[Nala dynasty|Nala]] kings like Bhavadatta Varman, Arthapati and Skanda Varman ruled over this region up to about 500 CE.

In the 6th century CE a new kingdom developed in the Kalahandi tract under King Tustikara, but very little is known about other kings of his family. The Nuapada area was by that time under the kings of Sarabhapuriya dynasty whose copper plate record and gold coins are available. This region came under the occupation of the [[Somavamshi dynasty|Somavamsis]] of South Kosala during the 8th century CE when Mahaivagupta Balarjuna was ruling from his headquarters at Sripur.

In the 9th century CE when the Somavamsis were ousted from the Sripur region and organized a new kingdom in Sonepur-Sambalpur tract, the Kalahandi portion continued to be under their rule. In fact, Mahabhabagupta Janamejaya occupied the Trikalinga territory (Koraput area) through Kalahandi. In the middle of the 10th century CE the Somavamsi dominion embraced the whole of Orissa under Yayati II Mahasivagupta. His son Udyotakesari divided this dominion and placed the western part (Kosala) under the rule of a collateral branch. Kalahandi was included in the Kosala kingdom the capital of which was Jajatinagar near Sonepur.

The rule of the Somavamsis in Kosala collapsed by the invasion of [[Rajendra Chola I|Rajendra Chola]] in 1022 CE and after that the territory came under the rule of the [[Telugu Chodas|Telugu Cholas]]. In 1038 CE Vajrahasta V of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]] became powerful in Parlakhemundi region and after the death of Rajendra Chola in 1044 CE he assumed independence and occupied the hilly territory including Koraput and Kalahandi.

The Gangas ruled over Kalahandi for a long period. The stone inscription at [[Narla]] reveals that one Madanamahadeva was ruling over Kamalmandala in 1231 CE apparently as a feudatory of the Gangas. Tradition preserved by the Durbar of [[Kalahandi State|Kalahandi]] reveals that the Nagas commenced their rule in Kalahandi from Vikram sambat 1062 or CE 1005. If the tradition is to be believed it may be said that the Nagas ruled over Kamalmandala as feudatories of the Gangas till 14th century CE after which they owed allegiance to the [[Gajapati Empire|Suryavamshi Gajapatis]].

It is not known when Kamalmandala became known as Kalahandi. The earliest reference to the name Kalahandi is found in the Dadhivaman temple inscription dated in Yugabda 4819, i.e., CE 1718. In British records this territory was called Karond. This territory assumed independence after the downfall of the Gajapatis of Orissa in 1568 CE According to tradition the Kalahandi kingdom commanded sovereign power over eighteen garhs{{which lang|date=April 2025}} before it was occupied by the [[Bhonsles of Nagpur]] in the middle of the 18th century CE In 1803 when the Marathas were defeated by the British and the coastal regions of Orissa as well as the Patna-Sambalpur group of states came under the British, Kalahandi, very probably, continued under the Marathas. The Patna-Sambalpur group was subsequently restored to Raghujee Bhonsla II in 1806. The Marathas of Nagpur became subordinate to British power after the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]] in 1818. But Kalahandi continued to be under Maratha rule till 1853, when the Nagpur state lapsed to the British Crown as [[Raghuji Bhonsle III|Raghuji III]] died without an heir. The Chauhans were ruling over Khariar since about the time of [[Ramai Deva|Rama Deo]], the first Chauhan king of [[Patna State|Patna]]. In 1590 CE Gopal Ray, a scion of the Patna family became the king of [[Khariar]] and started a line of semi-independent kings in that territory. Khariar came under the Marathas in 1741 CE and the British occupied it in 1818. In 1905 when the District of Sambalpur and some feudatory states including Kalahandi were amalgamated with Orissa Division of Bengal, the Government of the Central Provinces opposed merger of Khariar with Sambalpur and in 1906 Khariar became a part of the Mahasamund tehsil. When the separate province of Orissa was formed in 1936, Khariar was added to Orissa and was made a sub-division (Nuapada sub-division) of Sambalpur District. On 1 January 1948, Kalahandi along with other feudatory states of Orissa except Mayurbhanj, merged with Orissa and on that date the new District of Kalahandi was formed with the ex-states of Kalahandi, Patna and Sonepur. On 1 November 1949, Patna and Sonepur together constituted a separate District and the Nuapada sub-division of Sambalpur was added to the District of Kalahandi.

==Geography==
Nuapada district is in the western part of Odisha, lying between latitude 20° 0' N and 21° 5' and between longitude 82° 20' E and 82° 40' E. Its boundaries extend in the north, west and south to [[Mahasamund district]] in [[Chhattisgarh]] and in the east to [[Bargarh district|Bargarh]], [[Balangir district|Balangir]] and [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]] districts. The district has an area of 3407.5 km2 and the administrative headquarters is located at Nuapada.

The plains of Nuapada subdivision are fringed by rugged hill ranges stretching southward, which belong to the main line of the Eastern Ghats and contain extensive plateaus of about 4000 ft (1200 m) in elevation.

==Economy==
Due to the conspicuous absence of any industry, the economy revolves around agricultural activities. Three major irrigation projects — the Upper Jonk, the Sunder dam, and the upcoming Lower Indira Irrigation Project — provide support to 45,000 acres of land. Rice is the main crop in the entire district. Other crops like corn (maize), cotton, and onion make up a major share of crops under cultivation. More than 10,000 households migrate to other states in search of better employment opportunities every year after the harvesting season is over. Though the district is tops in MGNREGS implementation, the advance provided by labor contractors before Nuakhai festival lure ignorant laborers into the plot. Due to unregistered and uninformed migration, protection of migrant laborers has become a challenge to the government. In 2006, the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Nuapada one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> it is one of the 19 districts in Odisha currently receiving funds from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF)]].<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,22,559|13=1911|14=1,47,489|15=1921|16=1,50,180|17=1931|18=1,78,787|19=1941|20=2,03,379|21=1951|22=2,19,850|23=1961|24=2,67,272|25=1971|26=3,38,894|27=1981|28=3,92,683|29=1991|30=4,69,482|31=2001|32=5,30,690|33=2011|34=6,10,382|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=center}}

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Nuapada district (2011)<ref name="census2011-religion">{{cite web|title=Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Odisha|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11387/download/14500/DDW21C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Odisha|Hinduism]]|darkorange|98.48}}
{{bar percent|[[Odia Muslims|Islam]]|green|0.81}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.71}}
}}

In the [[2011 Census of India|2011 Indian census]], Nuapada district had a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 610,382.<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |title=District Census Handbook 2011 - Nuapada|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/962/download/36716/DH_2011_2125_PART_A_DCHB_NUAPADA.pdf|website=[[Census of India]]|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Solomon Islands]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote =Solomon Islands 571,890 July 2011 est.}}</ref> or the US state of [[Wyoming]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=30 September 2011| quote =Wyoming 563,626}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 524th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|157|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 14.28%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Nuapada has a [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 1020 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 58.2%. 4.99% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 13.46% and 33.80% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages of Nuapada district (2011)<ref name="census2011-langreport"/>
|label1 = [[Odia language|Odia]] |value1 = 58.02 |color1 = saddlebrown
|label2 = [[Sambalpuri language|Sambalpuri]] |value2 = 23.72 |color2 = Yellow
|label3 = [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]] |value3 = 15.04 |color3 = peachpuff
|label4 = [[Hindi]] |value4 = 1.68 |color4 = orange
|label5 = Others |value5 = 1.54 |color5 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 58.02% of the population in the district spoke [[Odia language|Odia]], 23.72% [[Sambalpuri language|Sambalpuri]], 15.04% [[Chhattisgarhi]] and 1.68% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="census2011-langreport">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Odisha|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10217/download/13329/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2100.XLSX|website=Census of India 2011 |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Politics==
===Vidhan Sabha constituencies===
{{main|List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha}}
Nuapada district is part of [[Kalahandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalahandi Lok Sabha constituency]]. The MP of Kalahandi is [[Malvika Devi]] from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]].

The following are the two [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their EXtent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref> of Nuapada district and the elected members<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/mlaprofile/listofmem1.asp |title=List of Member in Fourteenth Assembly |work=ws.ori.nic.in |quote=MEMBER NAME |access-date=19 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502003512/http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/mlaprofile/listofmem1.asp |archive-date=2 May 2007 }}</ref> of that area.

== Major cities, towns, and villages ==
* [[Nuapada]]
* [[Khariar]]
* [[Khariar Road]]
* [[Sinapali]]
* [[Komna, Nuapada|Komna]]
* [[Boden Block|Boden]]
* [[Gandabahali]]
[[File:Shiv Temple Gandabahali Entry Gate.jpg|thumb|upright| ''Shiv Temple, [[Gandabahali]]'']]
* [[Hatibandha]]
*[[Brahmanpada, Nuapada]]
* Tukula
* Udyanbandha

== Notable people ==
* [[Rajendra Dholakia]] Hon’ble Member of Legislative Assembly from [[Khariar Assembly constituency|Nuapada]]
* [[Duryodhan Majhi]] former Cabinet Minister [[Government of Odisha]] and former Member of Legislative Assembly [[Khariar Assembly constituency|Khariar]]
* [[Basanta Kumar Panda]] Former Member Parlament Lok Sabha from [[Kalahandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalahandi]]
* [[Prayash Singh]] Indian Cricketers
* [[Adhiraj Mohan Panigrahi]] Hon’ble Member of Legislative Assembly from [[Khariar Assembly constituency|Khariar]]
* [[Jitamitra Prasad Singh Deo|Jitamitra Singh Deo]], Present Titular Raja of Khariar. He is also a Poet and Historian
* [[Prayag Dutta Joshi]], Writer And Activist
* [[Kapil Narayan Tiwari]] (1929–2022), Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly from [[Khariar Assembly constituency|Khariar]]
* [[Hitesh Kumar Bagartti]] former Member of Legislative Assembly from [[Khariar Assembly constituency|Khariar]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://nuapada.nic.in/}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Nuapada district
|North = [[Mahasamund district]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
|Northeast = [[Bargarh district]]
|East = [[Balangir district]]
|Southeast = [[Kalahandi district]]
|South = [[Kalahandi district]]
|Southwest = [[Gariyaband district]]
|West = [[Gariyaband and Mahasamund district]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
|Northwest = [[Mahasamund district]]
}}
{{Nuapada district}}
{{Western Odisha}}
{{Odisha}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Nuapada district| ]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in Orissa]]
[[Category:Districts of Odisha]]

Pune–Lucknow Express

2025-12-24T03:06:32Z

JeanetteBracegir:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Pune–Lucknow Express
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2015|02|10}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Railway Minister Flags off Three New Trains|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=115322|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|accessdate=10 February 2015}}</ref>
| last =
| operator = [[Central Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Pune Junction}} (PUNE)
| stops = 12
| end = {{stnlnk| Lucknow Junction}} (LJN)
| distance = {{convert|1481|km|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 28 hours 30 minutes
| frequency = Weekly{{efn|Runs one day in a week for every direction.}}
| class = AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = No
| observation =
| entertainment = No
| baggage = Below the seats
| otherfacilities=
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 11407/11408
| speed = {{cvt|52|km/h}}
| map =
| map_state =
}}

'''Pune–Lucknow Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|Express]] train of the Indian Railways connecting {{stnlnk|Pune Junction}} in [[Maharashtra]] and {{stnlnk|Lucknow Junction}} of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is currently being operated with 11407/11408 train numbers on a weekly basis.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Several-trains-diverted-cancelled-after-accident/articleshow/48367255.cms Several trains diverted, cancelled after accident ]</ref><ref>[http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=2858&did=1436610953883F5C015DF3BF464091169D9477B5FB559.web107 Trains Cancelled on 14.7.2015]</ref>

== Service==

The 11407/Pune–Lucknow Express has an average speed of 52 km/h and covers 1481 km in 28 hrs 30 mins. 11408/Lucknow–Pune Express has an average speed of 52 km/h and covers 1481 km in 28 hrs 30 mins.

== Route and halts ==

The important halts of the train are:

* {{stnlnk|Pune Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Daund Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Ahilyanagar}}
* {{stnlnk|Kopargaon}}
* {{stnlnk|Manmad Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Jalgaon Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bhusaval Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Khandwa Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Itarsi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Rani Kamalapati}}
* {{stnlnk|Bhopal Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bina Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Jhansi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Orai}}
* {{stnlnk|Kanpur Central}}
* {{stnlnk|Lucknow Junction}}

==Coach composition==

The train has standard ICF rakes with max speed of 110 kmph. The train consists of 16 coaches:

* 1 AC II Tier
* 2 AC III Tier
* 5 Sleeper coaches
* 6 General
* 2 Second-class Luggage/parcel van

== Traction==

Both trains are hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Bhusawal|Bhusawal Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-4]] electric locomotive from Pune to Lucknow and vice versa.

==Direction reversal==

The train reverses its direction 1 times:

* {{stnlnk|Daund Junction}}

== Rake share ==

This train shares a rake 11405/11406 [[Pune–Amravati Express]].

== See also ==

* [[Pune–Amravati Express]]
* [[Pune–Danapur Superfast Express]]
* [[Pune–Manduadih Gyan Ganga Express]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== External links ==

* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/23134 11407/Pune–Lucknow Jn Express] India Rail Info
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/23135 11408/Lucknow Jn–Pune Express] India Rail Info

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pune-Lucknow Junction Express}}
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Passenger trains originating from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Transport in Pune]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2015]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Kotapally mandal

2025-12-14T12:19:12Z

JeanetteBracegir: added new post...

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kotapally
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = 
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mancherial district|Mancherial]]
| subdivision_name3 =
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = 
| governing_body =
| leader_party =
| leader_title = 
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_metro =
| population_rank = 
| population_demonym = 
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics2_title1 = Other
| demographics2_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code =
| area_code_type = 
| registration_plate = TS
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 =
}}
'''Kotapally,''' is a Mandal located in [[Mancherial district]] in [[Telangana]] state of [[India]].

== Administrative Division ==
There are 34 Villages in the Kotapally.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.districtsinfo.com/2016/11/mancherial-district-revenue-divisions.html|title=Schedule - II Reorganization Of Mandals In Mancherial District|date=Nov 2016|website=www.districtsinfo.com|access-date=18 March 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Sl.No.
! Name of the Mandal
! Villages in the Mandal
! Name of the Erstwhile Mandals from which the present Mandal is formed
|-
|1
| rowspan="34" | Kotapally
|Nakkalpalle
| rowspan="34" | Kotapally
|-
|2
|Brahmanpalle
|-
|3
|Mallampet
|-
|4
|Shankarpur
|-
|5
|Shetpalle
|-
|6
|Pangadisomaram
|-
|7
|Kotapalle
|-
|8
|Vesonvai
|-
|9
|Sarvaipet
|-
|10
|Kondampet
|-
|11
|Nagampet
|-
|12
|Bopparam
|-
|13
|Venchapalle
|-
|14
|Supak
|-
|15
|Jangaon
|-
|16
|Algaon
|-
|17
|Pullagaon
|-
|18
|Sirsa
|-
|19
|Edula Bandam
|-
|20
|Lingannapet
|-
|21
|Edagatta
|-
|22
|Pinnaram
|-
|23
|Parpalle
|-
|24
|Yerraipet
|-
|25
|Borampalle
|-
|26
|Kawarkothapalle
|-
|27
|Annaram
|-
|28
|Arjungutta
|-
|29
|Rajaram
|-
|30
|Rampur
|-
|31
|Kollur
|-
|32
|Rawalpalle
|-
|33
|Dewalwada
|-
|34
|Rapanpalle
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Telangana}}

{{Mancherial district}}
[[Category:Villages in Mancherial district]]
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Mancherial district]]

Rehman Verma

2025-11-05T14:40:53Z

JeanetteBracegir: Put Up First Entry Added Tags.

{{Short description|Pakistani music director (1927–2007)}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=September 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Rehman Verma
| image = File:Rehman_Verma.jpg
| image_size =
| birth_name = Abdul Rehman
| birth_date = {{birth year|1927}}
| birth_place = [[British India|India]]
| origin = [[Lahore]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2007|08|11|1927}}
| genre = [[Film score]]
| occupation = Music director of films
| years_active = 1956 – 1976
}}

'''Rehman Verma''' (1927 – 11 August 2007) was a [[Pakistani]] music director. He composed playback music for [[Lollywood]]'s first-ever action movie, ''[[Baghi (1956 film)|Baghi]]'', in 1956. He was one member of the musical duo "Sharma Ji - Verma Ji" along with the [[Bollywood]] musician [[Mohammed Zahur Khayyam|Khayyam]] whose family name was Sharma.<ref name="daily times" /><ref name=TOI>{{cite news |title=Lesser known facts about music composer Khayyam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/photo-features/lesser-known-facts-about-music-composer-khayyam/photostory/51058286.cms |publisher=Times of India |date=19 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190908171511/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/photo-features/lesser-known-facts-about-music-composer-khayyam/photostory/51058286.cms?picid=51058309|archive-date=8 September 2019|url-status=dead|access-date=15 September 2024|author=Rajani Chandel}}</ref> before the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947.

==Early life and career==
Rehman was born as ''Abdul Rehman'' in 1927 in [[British India|India]]. He started his music career as "Verma Ji" of the musical duo "Sharma Ji-Verma Ji" that was active in the film industry of the undivided [[Indian subcontinent]]. His other partner was music composer [[Mohammed Zahur Khayyam|Khayyam]]. Both were disciples of the senior musician [[Ghulam Ahmed Chishti|G.A. Chishti]].<ref name=TOI/> After 1947, Khayyam remained in [[Mumbai|Bombay]] and Rehman decided to work in the newly established [[Pakistani film industry]] in [[Lahore]].<ref name=TOI/><ref name="daily times">{{cite news |last1=Parvez |first1= Amjad |title=Rehman Verma composed music for 27 Pakistani films |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/161107/rehman-verma-composed-music-27-pakistani-films/ |newspaper=Daily Times newspaper|date=17 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729035536/https://dailytimes.com.pk/161107/rehman-verma-composed-music-27-pakistani-films/|archive-date=29 July 2021|url-status=dead|access-date=15 September 2024}}</ref><ref name=Youlin/>

Rehman's first movie in [[Lollywood]] was ''[[Baghi (1956 film)|Baaghi]]'', released in 1956.<ref name=citwf>{{cite web|url=http://www.citwf.com/person25441.htm|archive-date=23 October 2020|author=Alan Goble|url-status=dead|access-date=15 September 2024|title=Filmography of Rehman Verma|website=Complete Index To World Film (CITWF) website |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023014545/http://www.citwf.com/person25441.htm}}</ref> It was the first action-packed film in the history of Pakistani cinema and the first Pakistani film that was screened in [[China]].<ref name=Youlin>{{cite web |title=Baaghi (1956 film): Pakistan's First Action Film |url=https://www.youlinmagazine.com/article/baaghi-pakistan-first-action-film/MjA0OQ== |website=Youlin Magazine |access-date=15 September 2024|author=Muhammad Suhayb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727092126/https://www.youlinmagazine.com/article/baaghi-pakistan-first-action-film/MjA0OQ==|archive-date=27 July 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1967, while composing music for the movie ''Nadira'', Rehman taught [[Kamal Ahmed (music director)|Kamal Ahmed]], who later became an independent music director.<ref name="daily times" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Humdam |first1=Younas |title=موسیقار ورما جی سے رحمان ورما تک |url=https://www.express.pk/story/1020530/ |agency=Express News |date=December 9, 2017}}</ref>

From 1956 to 1976, Rehman created music for 27 [[Urdu]] and [[Punjabi (language)|Punjabi]] movies. Some of his notable films include ''Baghi'' (1956),<ref name=Youlin/> ''Aakhri Nishan'' (1958),<ref name=citwf/> ''Darbar'' (1958),<ref name=Youlin/><ref name=citwf/> ''Alam Ara'' (1959), ''Aik Thi Maa'' (1960), ''Bombay Wala'' (1961),<ref name=citwf/> ''Son of Ali Baba'' (1961), ''Kala Pani'' (1963),<ref name=citwf/> ''Ghadaar'' (1964), ''Khandan'' (1964),<ref name=Youlin/> ''Khota Paisa'' (1965), ''Qabeela'' (1966), ''Be Reham'' (1967), ''Sassi Punnu'' (1968),<ref name=Youlin/> ''Chor Nale Chattar'' (1970),<ref name=citwf/> ''Takht-O-Taj'' (1970), ''Al-Aasifa'' (1971), ''Sipah Salar'' (1972), ''Farz Aur Mohabbat'' (1972), and ''Laila Majnoo'' (1973). His last movie, ''Dara'', was released in 1976.<ref name="daily times" />

==Popular compositions==
* 1956 (Film: Baghi - Urdu) ... ''Balam Tum Haar Geye Jeeta Mera Pyar Mano Na Mano'',<ref name="daily times" /> Singer(s): [[Zubaida Khanum]], Poet: [[Mushir Kazmi]]
* 1956 (Film: Baghi - Urdu) ... ''Kaisay Kahun Main Al-Widaa Jaun Kahan Main Kya Karun'', Singer(s): Zubaida Khanum, Poet: Mushir Kazmi
* 1956 (Film: Darbar-e-Habib - Urdu) ... ''A Khasa-e-Khasan-Russal Waqt-e-Dua Hay Ummat Peh Teri'', Singer(s): Zamurrad Bano & others
* 1964 (Film: Khandan - Urdu) ... ''Haal Kaisa Hay Janab Ka Jawab Dijiye Sawal Ka'',<ref name="daily times" /> Singer(s): [[Mala Begum|Mala]], [[Irene Parveen]], Batish, Poet: Mushir Kazmi
* 1967 (Film: [[Yaaran Naal Baharan]] - Punjabi) ... ''Yaaran Naal Baharan Sajna Jis Dharti Tay Yaar Nein Wasday'', Singer(s): [[Masood Rana]], Poet: Manzoor Jhalla
* 1967 (Film: Nadira - Urdu) ... ''Dhina Dhina Dhin Dhina Dil Ko Aaj Dildar Mila'', Singer(s): Mala, Najma Niazi & others, Poet: [[Muzaffar Warsi]]
* 1968 (Film: Sassi Punnu - Punjabi) ... ''Jadun Teri Dunya Tun Pyar Tur Jaye Ga'',<ref name="daily times" /> Singer(s): [[Noor Jehan]], [[Mehdi Hassan]], Poet: [[Ahmad Rahi]]
* 1968 (Film: Sassi Punnu - Punjabi) ... ''Ni Ajj Mera Gee Karda, Akkhan Meech Udharian Maaran'', Singer: Mala, Poet: Ahmad Rahi
* 1968 (Film: Sassi Punnu - Punjabi) ...''Ni Lang Jana Assaan Dillan Tei Paer Dhar Kei'',<ref name="daily times" /> Singer: Mala, Poet: Ahmad Rahi
* 1970 (Film: Chor Nalay Chattar - Punjabi)<ref name=citwf/> ... ''Way Lagian Di Lajj Rakh Lein Kidday Bhul Na Javin Anjana'',<ref name="daily times" /> Singer(s): Noor Jahan, Poet: Manzoor Jhalla

==Death==
Rehman Verma died on 11 August 2007 at age 79.<ref name="daily times" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Verma, Rehman}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Pakistani composers]]
[[Category:Pakistani film score composers]]

Governor of Maharashtra

2025-09-25T06:20:26Z

JeanetteBracegir: further update intro per standard format further and fixed typos per sources

#REDIRECT [[List of governors of Maharashtra]]

India at the Champions Trophy

2025-09-07T10:14:06Z

JeanetteBracegir: added entry

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = India at the Champions Trophy
| image = Flag of India.svg
| caption = Flag of India
| cricket format = [[One Day International]]
| most runs = [[Virat Kohli]] (747)
| most wickets = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] (21)
| champions = 3 ([[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]], [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]], [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy|2025]])
| runner up = 2 ([[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]], [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]])
| host = [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]]
}}

[[India national cricket team|India]] is one of the [[List of International Cricket Council members|full members]] of the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC), the governing body of cricket. There have been eight editions of the tournament and India has participated in every edition. India have won it three times in [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]], [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]], and [[2025_ICC_Champions_Trophy|2025]] while also finishing as runners-up in [[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]] and [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]].

==Overall record==
''Red box indicates that the tournament was hosted or co-hosted by India''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%"
|-
!colspan=9|Champions Trophy record
|-
! width=100 |Host and Year
! width=150 |Round
! width=50 |Position
! width=50 |GP
! width=50 |W
! width=50 |L
! width=50 |T
! width=50 |NR
! width=50 |Squad
|- style="background:#cc9966;"
|{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} '''[[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-international-cup-1998-99-61033|title=Wills International Cup 1998/99|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=29 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929140635/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-international-cup-1998-99-61033|url-status=live}}</ref>||'''Semi-finals'''||'''3/9'''||'''2'''||'''1'''||'''1'''||'''0'''||'''0'''||'''[[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy squads#India|Squad]]'''
|- style="background:silver;"
|{{flagicon|Kenya}} '''[[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/745/icc-knockout-2000/matches|title=ICC KnockOut, 2000|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815142447/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/745/icc-knockout-2000/matches|url-status=live}}</ref>||'''[[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy#Final|Runners-up]]'''||'''2/11'''||'''4'''||'''3'''||'''1'''||'''0'''||'''0'''||'''[[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy squads#India|Squad]]'''
|-bgcolor="gold"
|{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} '''[[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2002-03-61114|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2002/03|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816093531/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2002-03-61114|url-status=live}}</ref>||'''[[2002 ICC Champions Trophy Final|Champions]]'''||'''1/12'''||'''4'''||'''3'''||'''0'''||'''0'''||'''1'''||'''[[2002 ICC Champions Trophy squads#India|Squad]]'''
|-bgcolor=
|{{flagicon|England}} [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/829/icc-champions-trophy-2004/matches|title=2004 Champions Trophy|access-date=3 October 2022|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003170555/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/829/icc-champions-trophy-2004/matches|url-status=live}}</ref>||Group stage||7/12||2||1||1||0||0||[[2004 ICC Champions Trophy squads#India|Squad]]
|- style="background:;"
|style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|India}} [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2006-07-232694|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2006/07|access-date=3 October 2022|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003170552/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2006-07-232694|url-status=live}}</ref>||Group stage|||5/10||3||1||2||0||0||[[2006 ICC Champions Trophy squads#India|Squad]]
|- style="background:;"
|{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2009-10-374074|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2009/10|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=29 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929140648/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2009-10-374074|url-status=live}}</ref>||Group stage||5/8||3||1||1||0||1||[[2009 ICC Champions Trophy squads#India|Squad]]
|-bgcolor=gold
|{{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|WAL}} '''[[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2013-566910|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2013|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=7 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907065225/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2013-566910|url-status=live}}</ref>||'''[[2013 ICC Champions Trophy Final|Champions]]'''||'''1/8'''||'''5'''||'''5'''||'''0'''||'''0'''||'''0'''||'''[[2013 ICC Champions Trophy squads#India|Squad]]'''
|-bgcolor=silver
|{{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|WAL}} '''[[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2017-1022345|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2017|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813025258/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2017-1022345|url-status=live}}</ref>||'''[[2017 ICC Champions Trophy Final|Runners-up]]'''||'''2/8'''||'''5'''||'''3'''||'''2'''||'''0'''||'''0'''||'''[[2017 ICC Champions Trophy squads#India|Squad]]'''
|-
|-bgcolor=gold
|{{flagicon|PAK}} {{flagicon|UAE}} [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy|2025]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|title=USA to stage T20 World Cup: 2024-2031 ICC Men's tournament hosts confirmed|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205110854/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|url-status=live}}</ref> ||'''Champions'''
|1/8
|5
|5
|0
|0
|0
| '''[[2025 ICC Champions Trophy squads#India|Squad]]'''
|-
|style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 2029<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|title=USA to stage T20 World Cup: 2024-2031 ICC Men's tournament hosts confirmed|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205110854/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|url-status=live}}</ref> ||colspan=9|'''Qualified as hosts'''
|-
|'''Total'''||'''3 Titles'''||'''9/9'''||'''33'''||'''23'''||'''8'''||'''0'''||'''2'''||
|}

==1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy==
{{Main|1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy}}
;Squad
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
* [[Mohammad Azharuddin]] [[Captain (cricket)|'''(C)''']]
* [[Sourav Ganguly]]
* [[Rahul Dravid]]
* [[Sachin Tendulkar]]
* [[Anil Kumble]]
* [[Ajit Agarkar]]
* [[Nayan Mongia]] [[Wicket-keeper|'''(Wk)''']]
* [[Ajay Jadeja]]
* [[Sunil Joshi]]
* [[Venkatesh Prasad]]
* [[Javagal Srinath]]
* [[Robin Singh Jr.|Robin Singh]]
* [[V.V.S.Laxman]]
Source:ESPN Achieve<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/1998-99/OD_TOURNEYS/WIC/SQUADS/WIC_OCT-NOV1998_IND-SQUAD.html |title=Indian Squad |year=1998 |publisher=[[Cricinfo]] |accessdate=2009-03-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070323185451/http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/1998-99/OD_TOURNEYS/WIC/SQUADS/WIC_OCT-NOV1998_IND-SQUAD.html |archivedate=23 March 2007 |url-status=live |df=dmy }}</ref>
{{col-end}}
;Result
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Event
!Quarter Final
!Semifinal
!Final
!rowspan=2|Overall Result
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|[[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]
|{{Cr|AUS}} '''W''' by 44 runs
|{{cr|West Indies}} '''L''' by 6 wickets
|Did not advance
|Semi final
|}

==2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy==
{{Main|2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy}}
;Squad
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
* [[Sourav Ganguly]] [[Captain (cricket)|'''(C)''']]
* [[Rahul Dravid]]
* [[Sachin Tendulkar]]
* [[Anil Kumble]]
* [[Ajit Agarkar]]
* [[Vijay Dahiya]] [[Wicket-keeper|'''(Wk)''']]
* [[Zaheer Khan]]
* [[Sunil Joshi]]
* [[Venkatesh Prasad]]
* [[Yuvraj Singh]]
* [[Robin Singh Jr.|Robin Singh]]
* [[Vinod Kambli]]
* [[Hemang Badani]]
* [[Sridharan Sriram]]
Source:ESPN Achieve<ref>{{cite web |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2000-01/OD_TOURNEYS/ICCKO/SQUADS/ICCKO_OCT2000_IND-SQUAD.html |title=Indian Squad for 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=11 March 2017}}</ref>
{{col-end}}
;Result
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Event
!Quarter Final
!Semifinal
!Final
!rowspan=2|Overall Result
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|[[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]]
|{{Cr|AUS}} '''W''' by 20 runs
|{{cr|SA}} '''W''' by 95 runs
||{{cr|NZL}} '''L''' by 6 wickets
|Runners-up
|}

== 2002 ICC Champions Trophy==
{{Main|2002 ICC Champions Trophy}}
;Squad
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
*[[Sourav Ganguly]] [[Captain (cricket)|'''(C)''']]
*[[Rahul Dravid]] (Vice-Captain)
*[[Sachin Tendulkar]]
*[[Virender Sehwag]]
*[[Dinesh Mongia]] [[Wicket-keeper|'''(Wk)''']]
*[[Mohammad Kaif]]
*[[Anil Kumble]]
*[[Harbhajan Singh]]
*[[Zaheer Khan]]
*[[Ajit Agarkar]]
*[[Yuvraj Singh]]
*[[Jai Prakash Yadav (cricketer)|Jai Prakash Yadav]]
*[[Ashish Nehra]]
*[[VVS Laxman]]
*[[Javagal Srinath]]
Source:ESPN Achieve<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/2002-03/OD_TOURNEYS/ICCCT/SQUADS/ICCT_SEP2002_IND-SQUAD.html|title=ICC Champions Trophy in Sri Lanka – Indian Squad|publisher=cricinfo|date=21 March 2015}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

;Result
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=3|Group Stage
!Semifinal
!Final
!rowspan=2|Overall Result
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|[[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]]
|{{Cr|ZIM}} '''W''' by 14 runs
|{{cr|ENG}} '''W''' by 8 wickets
|1
|{{cr|SA}} '''W''' by 10 runs
|{{cr|SL}} '''No Result''' both are declared as winners
|'''Winners'''
|}

==2004 ICC Champions Trophy==
{{Main|2004 ICC Champions Trophy}}
;Squad
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
*[[Sourav Ganguly]] [[Captain (cricket)|'''(C)''']]
*[[Rahul Dravid]]
*[[Virender Sehwag]]
*[[Dinesh Karthik]] [[Wicket-keeper|'''(Wk)''']]
*[[Mohammad Kaif]]
*[[Anil Kumble]]
*[[Harbhajan Singh]]
*[[Rohan Gavaskar]]
*[[Ajit Agarkar]]
*[[Yuvraj Singh]]
*[[Irfan Pathan]]
*[[Ashish Nehra]]
*[[VVS Laxman]]
*[[Lakshmipathy Balaji]]
Source:CREX<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crex.live/series/TR/icc-champions-trophy-2004/team-squad|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2004|publisher=crex|date=25 March 2015}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

;Result
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=3|Group Stage
!Semifinal
!Final
!rowspan=2|Overall Result
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|[[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]]
|{{Cr|KEN}} '''W''' by 98 runs
|{{cr|PAK}} '''L''' by 3 wickets
|2
|Did not advance
|Did not advance
|Group Stage
|}

==2006 ICC Champions Trophy==
{{Main|2006 ICC Champions Trophy}}
;Squad
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
*[[Rahul Dravid]] [[Captain (cricket)|'''(C)''']]
*[[Sachin Tendulkar]]
*[[Virender Sehwag]]
*[[Dinesh Mongia]]
*[[Mohammad Kaif]]
*[[Munaf Patel]]
*[[Harbhajan Singh]]
*[[Suresh Raina]]
*[[Ajit Agarkar]]
*[[Yuvraj Singh]]
*[[M.S.Dhoni]] [[Wicket-keeper|'''(Wk)''']]
*[[Irfan Pathan]]
*[[R.P. Singh]]
*[[Ramesh Powar]]
Source:ESPNCricinfo<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2006-07-232694/india-squad-256060/series-squads|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2006 – Indian Squad|publisher=ESPNCricinfo|date=21 March 2006}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

;Result
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=4|Group Stage
!Semifinal
!Final
!rowspan=2|Overall Result
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|[[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]]
|{{Cr|ENG}} '''W''' by 4 wickets
|{{cr|WIN}} '''L''' by 3 wickets
|{{cr|AUS}} '''L''' by 6 wickets
|3
|Did not advance
|Did not advance
|Group Stage
|}

==2009 ICC Champions Trophy==
{{Main|2009 ICC Champions Trophy}}
;Squad
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
*[[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] [[Captain (cricket)|'''(C)''']] & [[Wicket-keeper|'''(Wk)''']]
*[[Sachin Tendulkar]]
*[[Suresh Raina]]
*[[Rahul Dravid]]
*[[Gautam Gambhir]]
*[[Harbhajan Singh]]
*[[Dinesh Karthik]]
*[[Praveen Kumar (cricketer)|Praveen Kumar]]
*[[Amit Mishra]]
*[[Abhishek Nayar]]
*[[Ashish Nehra]]
*[[Yusuf Pathan]]
*[[Ishant Sharma]]
*[[R.P. Singh]]
*[[Virat Kohli]]
Source:ESPNCricinfo<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2009-10-374074/india-squad-419865/series-squads|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2009 – Indian Squad|publisher=ESPNCricinfo|date=21 September 2009}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

;Result
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=4|Group Stage
!Semifinal
!Final
!rowspan=2|Overall Result
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|[[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]]
|{{Cr|PAK}} '''L''' by 54 runs
|{{cr|AUS}} '''No result'''
|{{cr|WIN}} '''W''' by 7 wickets
|3
|Did not advance
|Did not advance
|Group Stage
|}

==2013 ICC Champions Trophy==
{{Main|2013 ICC Champions Trophy}}
;Squad
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
*[[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] [[Captain (cricket)|'''(C)''']] & [[Wicket-keeper|'''(Wk)''']]
*[[Suresh Raina]]
*[[Virat Kohli]]
*[[Shikhar Dhawan]]
*[[Rohit Sharma]]
*[[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
*[[Ravindra Jadeja]]
*[[Dinesh Karthik]]
*[[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]
*[[Vinay Kumar]]
*[[Amit Mishra]]
*[[Irfan Pathan]]
*[[Ishant Sharma]]
*[[Murali Vijay]]
*[[Umesh Yadav]]
Source:ESPNCricinfo<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2013-566910/india-squad-633964/series-squads|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2013 – Indian Squad|publisher=ESPNCricinfo|date=2 May 2013}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

;Result
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=4|Group Stage
!Semifinal
!Final
!rowspan=2|Overall Result
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|[[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]
|{{Cr|SA}} '''W''' by 26 runs
|{{cr|WIN}} '''W''' by 8 wickets
|{{cr|PAK}} '''W''' by 8 wickets ([[Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method|DLS method]])
|1
|{{cr|SL}} '''W''' by 8 wickets
|{{cr|ENG}} '''W''' by 5 runs
|'''Winners'''
|}

==2017 ICC Champions Trophy==
{{Main|2017 ICC Champions Trophy}}
;Squad
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
*[[Virat Kohli]] [[Captain (cricket)|'''(C)''']]
*[[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] [[Wicket-keeper|'''(Wk)''']]
*[[Shikhar Dhawan]]
*[[Rohit Sharma]]
*[[Ajinkya Rahane]]
*[[Yuvraj Singh]]
*[[Kedar Jadhav]]
*[[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
*[[Ravindra Jadeja]]
*[[Hardik Pandya]]
*[[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]
*[[Jasprit Bumrah]]
*[[Mohammed Shami]]
*[[Umesh Yadav]]
*[[Dinesh Karthik]]
Source:ESPNCricinfo<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2017-1022345/india-squad-1096820/series-squads|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2017 – Indian Squad|publisher=ESPNCricinfo|date=5 May 2017}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

;Result
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=4|Group Stage
!Semifinal
!Final
!rowspan=2|Overall Result
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|[[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]
|{{Cr|PAK}} '''W''' by 124 runs ([[Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method|DLS method]])
|{{cr|SL}} '''L''' by 7 wickets
|{{cr|SA}} '''W''' by 8 wickets
|1
|{{cr|BAN}} '''W''' by 9 wickets
|{{cr|PAK}} '''L''' by 180 runs
|Runners-up
|}

==2025 ICC Champions Trophy==
{{Main|2025 ICC Champions Trophy}}
;Squad
{{col-begin}}
*[[Rohit Sharma]] [[Captain (cricket)|'''(C)''']]
*[[Shubman Gill]] [[Captain (cricket)|'''(VC)''']]
*[[Varun Chakravarthy]]
*[[Shreyas Iyer]]
*[[Ravindra Jadeja]]
*[[Virat Kohli]]
*[[Hardik Pandya]]
*[[Rishabh Pant]] [[Wicket-keeper|'''(Wk)''']]
*[[Axar Patel]]
*[[KL Rahul]] [[Wicket-keeper|'''(Wk)''']]
*[[Harshit Rana]]
*[[Mohammed Shami]]
*[[Arshdeep Singh (cricketer)|Arshdeep Singh]]
*[[Washington Sundar]]
*[[Kuldeep Yadav]]
Source:ICC<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/champions-trophy-2025/news/bumrah-s-status-confirmed-as-india-announce-icc-champions-trophy-2025-squad |title=Bumrah's status confirmed as India announce ICC Champions Trophy 2025 squad |work=[[International Cricket Council]] |access-date= 18 January 2025}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

;Result
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=4|Group Stage
!Semifinal
!Final
!rowspan=2|Overall Result
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|[[2025 ICC Champions Trophy|2025]]
|{{cr|BAN}} '''W''' by 6 wickets
|{{cr|PAK}} '''W''' by 6 wickets
|{{cr|NZ}} '''W''' by 44 runs
|1
|{{cr|AUS}} '''W''' by 4 wickets
|{{cr|NZ}} '''W''' by 4 wickets
|'''Winners'''
|}

== See also ==
* [[ICC Champions Trophy]]
* [[India at the Cricket World Cup]]
* [[India at the ICC Men's T20 World Cup]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal bar|India|Cricket|Sports|World}}
{{India national cricket team}}

[[Category:India in international cricket]]
[[Category:India cricket-related lists]]

Harirampur (community development block)

2025-08-11T02:49:17Z

JeanetteBracegir: updated structure per sources and updated info

{{other uses|Harirampur (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Harirampur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Harirampur in Dakshin Dinajpur (West Bengal).svg
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.37425|N|88.267792|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dakshin Dinajpur district|Dakshin Dinajpur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Community development block in India|Community development block]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 214.88
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 136853
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balurghat]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Harirampur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Harirampur]]
| website = {{URL|ddinajpur.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Harirampur''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in [[Gangarampur subdivision]] of [[Dakshin Dinajpur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==History==
Dinajpur district was constituted in 1786. In 1947, the [[Radcliffe Line]] placed the Sadar and Thakurgaon subdivisions of Dinajpur district in East Pakistan. The Balurghat subdivision of Dinajpur district was reconstituted as West Dinajpur district in West Bengal. The new Raiganj subdivision was formed in 1948. In order to restore territorial links between northern and southern parts of West Bengal which had been snapped during the partition of Bengal, and on the recommendations of the [[States Reorganisation Commission]] a portion of the erstwhile Kishanganj subdivision comprising Goalpokhar, Islampur and Chopra thanas (police stations) and parts of Thakurganj thana, along with the adjacent parts of the erstwhile Gopalpur thana in Katihar subdivision were transferred from Purnea district in Bihar to West Bengal in 1956, and were formally incorporated into Raiganj subdivision in West Dinajpur. The township of [[Kishanganj]] and its entire municipal boundary remained within Bihar. With the introduction of the Community Development Programme in 1960-61, community development blocks were set up in West Dinajpur district. In 1992, West Dinajpur district was bifurcated and Dakshin Dinajpur district was established.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report | work = Uttar Dinajpur. Pages 2-5: Administrative History of Uttar Dinajpur | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 29 November 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Geography==
Harirampur is located at {{coord|25.37425|N|88.267792|E|format=dms|}}.

Dakshin Dinajpur district is physiographically a part of the [[Barind Tract]]. The area is generally flat and slightly undulating. The elevation of the district is about 15 metres above mean sea level. However, the soil varies. CD Blocks such as Balurghat, Hili and Kumarganj have [[Alluvium|alluvial]] soil, Tapan CD Block has [[laterite]] soil. There are three main rivers. The [[Atrai River|Atreyee]] comes from Bangladesh, flows through Kumarganj and Balurghat CD Blocks and goes back to Bangladesh. The [[Punarbhaba River|Punarbhaba]] flows through Gangarampur and Tapan CD Blocks. The [[Tangon River|Tangon]] flows through Kushmandi and Bansihari CD Blocks. There is a small river named Jamuna in the Hili CD Block. All rivers, flowing from north to south, overflow during the monsoons and cause floods.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1905_PART_A_DCHB_DAKSHIN%20DINAJPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Dakshin Dinajpur, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Page 13: Physiography |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 24 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.dcmsme.gov.in/dips/DAKSHIN_DINAJPUR.pdf |title = Brief Industrial Profile of Dakshin Dinajpur district | work= Pages 3-4: Topography |publisher= MSME Development Institute Kolkata | access-date = 24 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ddinajpur.nic.in/River/river.html | title = Dakshin Dinajpur district | work = Rivers | publisher = District Administration | access-date = 24 November 2018 | archive-date = 6 December 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181206005142/http://www.ddinajpur.nic.in/River/river.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Harirampur CD Block is bounded by [[Kushmandi]] CD Block on the north, [[Bansihari (community development block)|Bansihari]] CD Block on the east, [[Gazole (community development block)|Gazole]] CD Block on a part of the south, [[Itahar]] CD Block in Uttar Dinajpur district on the rest of the south and the west.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1905_PART_A_DCHB_DAKSHIN%20DINAJPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook 2011 Dakshin Dinajpur | work= Map of Dakshin Dinajpur |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations | access-date = 24 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Page 311: Map of Gazole CD Block|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 24 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/uttar-dinajpur.html|title = Uttar Dinajpur | work= CD Block/ Tehsil map |publisher= Maps of India | access-date = 24 November 2018}}</ref>

Harirampur CD Block has an area of 214.94 km2.It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samiti]], 6 [[gram panchayat]]s, 98 gram sansads (village councils), 155 [[mouza]]s and 144 inhabited villages. [[Harirampur, West Bengal#Police station|Harirampur]] police station serves this block.<ref name=statisticalhandbook1>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Dakshin Dinajpur |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 24 November 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD Block is at Harirampur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1905_PART_A_DCHB_DAKSHIN%20DINAJPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Dakshin Dinajpur, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Map of Dakshin Dinajpur with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 24 November 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2101 | title = BDO Offices under Dakshin Dinajpur District | work = Department of Mass Education Extension & Library Services, Government of West Bengal | publisher = West Bengal Public Library Network | access-date = 24 November 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181102024551/http://wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2101 | archive-date = 2 November 2018 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Harirampur block/ panchayat samiti are: Bagichapur, Bairhatta, Gokarna, Pundari, Saiyadpur and Sirsi.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Dakshin Dinajpur district - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 30 November 2018}}</ref>

==Demographics==


===Population===
As per [[2011 Census of India]], Harirampur CD Block had a total population of 136,853, of which 131,832 were rural and 5,021 were urban. There were 69,058 (50%) males and 67,795 (50%) females. Population below 6 years was 19,389. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 29,853 (21.81%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 25,053 (16.85%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 20 November 2018}}</ref>

As per 2001 census Harirampur block had a population of 124,927 of which 63,595 are males and 61,332 are females.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_5.htm| title = Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal, Table 4| publisher = Census Commissioner of India| work = Census of India 2001, Dakshin Dinajpur district (05)| access-date = 30 November 2018| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040835/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_5.htm| archive-date = 2011-07-19}}</ref>

The only census town in Harirampur CD Block was (2011 population in brackets): Harirampur (5,021).<ref name=census2011/>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Harirampur CD Block were (2011 population in brackets): Mahindra (4,682) and Purba Saiyadpur (4,945).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in Harirampur CD Block included (2011 population in brackets): Gokarna (931), Shirsi (1,868), Bagichapur (1,712), Bairhatta (2,639) and Pundari (1,863).<ref name=census2011/>

Decadal growth of population in Harirampur CD Block for the period 2001-2011 was 9.56%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1905_PART_A_DCHB_DAKSHIN%20DINAJPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Dakshin Dinajpur, Series 20 Part XII A | work= page 46: Brief Analysis of Inset Tables based on Primary Census Abstract, 2011 (Inset Tables 1-35) Table 1 : Decadal change in population of Tahsils (Sub-Districts) by Residence, 2001-2011 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 27 November 2018 }}</ref> Decadal growth of population in Dakhin Dinajpur district during the same period was 11.52% down from 22.15% in the previous decade.<ref name=statisticalhandbook1/> Decadal growth of population in West Bengal for the corresponding periods was 13.93% and 17.77% respectively.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_wb.html | title = Provisional population totals Paper I: West Bengal | publisher = Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India |access-date = 27 November 2018}}</ref>

The large scale migration of the [[East Bengali refugees]] (including tribals) started with the [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|partition of Bengal]] in 1947. Up to around 1951, two-fifths of the refugees settled in South Bengal, the balance settled in the North Bengal districts of West Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri and Cooch Behar. Erstwhile West Dinajpur alone received around 6.5% of the early entrants. The steady [[Illegal immigration to India|flow of people]] into Dakshin Dinajpur has continued over the years from erstwhile East Pakistan and subsequently from Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report | work = Uttar Dinajpur. Pages 294-302 Migration and Long-term Population Growth, including box item Partition Migrants in West Bengal | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 27 November 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Literacy===
As per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Harirampur CD Block was 76,099 (64.67% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 42,335 (71.45% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 33,764 (58.00% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 13.45%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Dakshin Dinajpur district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Harirampur CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|50.19}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|49.00}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in West Bengal|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.65}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.16}}
}}

As per 2014 District Statistical Handbook: Dakshin Dinajpur (quoting census figures), in the 2001 census, in Harirampur CD Block, Hindus numbered 61,987 and formed 49.62% of the population. Muslims numbered 59,935 and formed 47.98% of the population. Christians numbered 952 and formed 1.64% of the population. Others numbered 2,053 and formed 1.64% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook| title = District Statistical Handbook Dakshin Dinajpur 2014| work = Table 2.10 (a)| publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal| access-date = 27 November 2018| archive-date = 21 January 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook| url-status = dead}}</ref> In the 2011 census, 68,684 (50.19%) were Hindus and 67,052 (49.00%) Muslims, while 890 were Christian.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Harirampur CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 83.84 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value2 = 12.83 |color2 = darkturquoise
|label3 = Hindi |value3 = 1.64 |color3 = orange
|label4 = Others |value4 = 1.69 |color4 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 83.84% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 12.83% [[Santali language|Santali]] and 1.64% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
As per the [[Human Development Report]] 2004 for West Bengal, the [[rural poverty]] ratio in erstwhile West Dinajpur district was 27.61%. Malda district on the south of West Dinajpur district had a rural poverty ratio of 35.4% and Jalpaiguri district on the north had a rural poverty ratio of 35.73%. These estimates were based on Central Sample data of NSS 55th round 1999-2000.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.planningcommission.gov.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/shdr_wb04.pdf|title = West Bengal Human Development Report 2004 | work= Page 80: Table 4.5 Per capita consumption in rural and urban areas by district |publisher= Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 20 November 2018 }}</ref>

As per [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] Survey by the Government of West Bengal, the proportion of BPL families in Dakshin Dinajpur district was 43.54% as on 30 October 2002.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/bpl2002.aspx | title = Report of BPL survey as on 30.10.02 | publisher = Department of Panchayats and Rural Development | access-date = 4 December 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181207070715/http://www.wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/bpl2002.aspx | archive-date = 7 December 2018 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Harirampur CD Block'''
|value1 = 28.63
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 49.88
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 4.57
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 16.92
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In Harirampur CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 15,811 and formed 28.63%, agricultural labourers numbered 27,561 and formed 49.88%, household industry workers numbered 2,523 and formed 4.57% and other workers numbered 9,345 and formed 16.92%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1905_PART_A_DCHB_DAKSHIN%20DINAJPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Dakshin Dinajpur, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 64, Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 29 November 2018}}</ref> Total workers numbered 55,230 and formed 40.36% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 81,623 and formed 59.64% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1905_PART_A_DCHB_DAKSHIN%20DINAJPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Dakshin Dinajpur, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Pages 60-61, Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 29 November 2018}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1905_PART_A_DCHB_DAKSHIN%20DINAJPUR.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Dakshin Dinajpur, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 27 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 29 November 2018}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 144 inhabited villages in Harirampur CD Block. All 144 villages (100%) have power supply. All 144 villages (100%) have drinking water supply. 12 villages (8.33%) have post offices. 125 villages (86.81%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 60 villages (41.67%) have a pucca (paved) approach road and 24 villages (16.67%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 5 villages (3.47%) have agricultural credit societies. 5 villages (3.47%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1905_PART_A_DCHB_DAKSHIN%20DINAJPUR.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Dakshin Dinajpur, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 68 Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities,2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 29 November 2018}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
The land is fertile for agricultural production, particularly in the southern part of the district. The rivers are flood-prone but droughts also occur occasionally. There are numerous tanks and some [[marsh]]es and [[Beel|bils]]. Multiple cropping is widely practised. The [[Tebhaga movement]] by the [[Sharecropping|share croppers]], towards the end of British rule, is widely known. There are some forests, mostly in areas bordering Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1905_PART_A_DCHB_DAKSHIN%20DINAJPUR.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Dakshin Dinajpur, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Pages 15 - 18 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 29 November 2018}}</ref>

Harirampur CD Block had 124 fertiliser depots, 10 seed stores and 35 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in 2013-14.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Dakshin Dinajpur | work = Tables 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 29 November 2018 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 2013-14, Harirampur CD Block produced 3,082 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop from 1,221 hectares, 9,485 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 3,059 hectares, 14,112 tonnes of wheat from 4,291 hectares, 9,856 tonnes of jute from 800 hectares and 2,561 tonnes of potatoes from 110 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Harirampur CD Block was 3,428 hectares, out of which 1,343 hectares were irrigated by tank irrigation, 18 hectares by river lift irrigation, 459 hectares by deep tube wells and 1,608 hectares by shallow tube wells.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Banking===
In 2013-14, Harirampur CD Block had offices of 4 commercial banks and 2 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Dakshin Dinajpur district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 30 November 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 30 November 2018}}</ref>

==Transport==
Harirampur CD Block has 9 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 14 km from the CD Block headquarters.<ref name=handbook2014/>

==Education==
In 2013-14, Harirampur CD Block had 92 primary schools with 9,831 students, 13 middle school with 914 students, 7 high schools with 13,277 students and 8 higher secondary schools with 12,018 students. Harirampur CD Block had 1 general degree college with 1,684 students and 239 institutions for special and non-formal education with 11,488 students.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In Harirampur CD Block, amongst the 144 inhabited villages, 43 villages do not have a school, 15 villages have more than 1 primary school, 26 villages have at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 15 villages have at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1905_PART_A_DCHB_DAKSHIN%20DINAJPUR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Dakshin Dinajpur, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 595, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 30 November 2018}}</ref>

[[Dewan Abdul Goni College|Dewan Abdul Gani College]] was established at [[Harirampur, West Bengal|Harirampur]] in 1994.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://dagcol.ac.in/ |title = Dewan Abdul Gani College |publisher= DAGC | access-date = 4 December 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/DewanAbdulGaniCollege/Dewan_Abdul_Gani_College.shtml | title = Dewan Abdul Gani College | publisher = College Admission | access-date = 4 December 2018 | archive-date = 6 December 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181206145410/http://www.collegeadmission.in/DewanAbdulGaniCollege/Dewan_Abdul_Gani_College.shtml | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2014, Harirampur CD Block had 1 rural hospital and 1 [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centre]], with total 42 beds and 6 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 19 family welfare subcentres. 4,363 patients were treated indoor and 185,753 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Harirampur Rural Hospital at [[Harirampur, West Bengal|Harirampur]] (with 30 beds) is the main medical facility in Harirampur CD Block. There is a [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centre]] at Balihara (with 10 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 7 December 2018 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Rafikul Islam]], MLA of Harirampur

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Dakshin Dinajpur topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Dakshin Dinajpur district]]

Jachcha ki Baori

2025-07-21T14:38:43Z

JeanetteBracegir: added entry...

{{short description|Stepwell at Hindaun, Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox historic building
| name = Jachcha ki Baori
| image = {{image frame|content=
{{Photo montage
| photo1a = Jachchakibaori1.jpg
| photo2a = Jachchakibaoriside.jpg
| size = 300
| spacing = 3
| color = #FFFFFF
| border = 3
| color_border = #808080
| text =
| text_background = #F5F5F5
}}
| width = 312
| caption =
}}
| caption = Inside
| location = Near Narsinghji Temple, [[Hindaun]], [[Rajasthan]], India
| coordinates = 
| architectural_style = Artistic [[Stepwell]]
| size = 200 square feet
| website = 
}}
[[File:Jachchakibaori.jpg|thumb|Jachcha ki Baori, Hindaun]]

'''Jachcha ki Baori''' is a large [[stepwell]] near the Narsinghji Temple (a [[Hindu]] temple in Prahlad Kund located upon the western outskirts of [[Hindaun]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Rajasthan]]). It is located near the intersection of Prahlad Kund Road and Kharata Road.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dainiknavajyoti.net/karoli/dovelopment-of-bawdi-from-campaign.html|title=अभियान से निखरा बावड़ी का प्राचीन स्वरूप|website=www.dainiknavajyoti.net|language=en|access-date=2017-12-30}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==History==
The stepwell is said to have been built by [[Bhai Lakhi Rai Banjara]]. According to legend, no water had appeared during its initial excavation. However, it is rumored a saint had asserted that when a Jachcha (a pregnant woman) gave birth to a child the stepwell filled with water. People report that when the water is drained for cleaning, the stone statue of this woman can be seen lying in the center of the stepwell. This is apparently how the stepwell received its name, Jachcha Ki Baori.

According to folk tradition, the water of this boudi (a Bengali term referring to a married woman, specifically the wife of one's eldest brother) can clean clothing without the use of soap.<ref name=":0" />

==Structure==
There is no question that the construction of this stepwell was deliberately done in an artistic manner. Stairs to reach the water at its bottom are prominent in the 200 square foot stepwell. For reasons unknown, its four corners each have a pillar. In addition to the statue of a reclining Jachcha, found within the stepwell is an explanation of how the land was irrigated, as well as an ancient house which now resembles a crescent.

The Rajasthan state government repaired the stepwell in 2017 as part of a drive for water conservation.<ref>{{cite web|title=68th State level Van Mahotsav After Water, State headed for Forest Revolution - Chief Minister|url=http://dipr.rajasthan.gov.in/content/dipr/en/news-detail.51203.html|publisher=Rajasthan State Government|accessdate=29 December 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category-inline}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in the 14th century]]
[[Category:Stepwells in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Karauli district]]
[[Category:14th-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:Hindaun]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Hindaun]]
[[Category:Hindaun Block]]
[[Category:Stepwells in India]]

Banaras

2025-04-14T11:48:56Z

JeanetteBracegir: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Varanasi]]

{{Redirect category shell|1=
{{R from alternate title}}
}}

Quercus lobbii

2025-03-20T08:56:45Z

JeanetteBracegir: Put Up New Data Nd Citations.

{{Short description|Species of tree}}
{{Speciesbox
|image =
|genus = Quercus
|display_parents = 2
|parent = Quercus sect. Cyclobalanopsis
|species = lobbii
|authority = [[Ettingsh.]] 1883
|synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-173687 The Plant List, ''Quercus lobbii'' Ettingsh. ]</ref>
|synonyms =
*''Cyclobalanopsis lineata'' var. ''lobbii'' (Hook. f. & Thomson ex Wenz.) Schottky
*''Cyclobalanopsis lobbii'' (Ettingsh.) Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei Jen
*''Quercus lineata'' var. ''lobbii'' (Ettingsh.) Hook. f. & Thomson ex Wenz. 1886
*''Quercus lobbii'' (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Wenz.) A.Camus 1931, illegitimate name not Ettingsh. 1883
}}

'''''Quercus lobbii''''' is an uncommon species of tree in the beech family [[Fagaceae]]. It has been found in northeastern India and southwestern China ([[Yunnan]] Province).<ref name=naoim>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000386 Flora of China, ''Cyclobalanopsis lobbii'' (J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex Wenzig) Y. C. Hsu & H. W. Jen, 1979. <big>滇西青冈</big> dian xi qing gang ]</ref> It is placed in subgenus ''Cerris'', [[Quercus sect. Cyclobalanopsis|section ''Cyclobalanopsis'']].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Denk |first1=Thomas |last2=Grimm |first2=Guido W. |last3=Manos |first3=Paul S. |last4=Deng |first4=Min |last5=Hipp |first5=Andrew L. |date=2017 |title=Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks |website=figshare |doi=10.6084/m9.figshare.5547622.v1 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Appendix_2_1_________An_updated_infrageneric_classification_of_the_oaks/5547622/1 |access-date=2023-02-24 |format=xls |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>

''Quercus lobbii'' is a tree up to 10 meters tall. Leaves can be as much as 7 cm long.<ref name=naoim/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikispecies}}
*[http://www.tropicos.org/Image/69828 line drawing, Flora of China Illustrations vol. 4, fig. 385, drawings 6-8 at lower right]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q6325052}}

[[Category:Quercus|lobbii]]
[[Category:Flora of Yunnan]]
[[Category:Flora of Assam (region)]]
[[Category:Flora of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1883]]

{{Quercus-stub}}

Champa Devi

2025-01-04T01:01:43Z

JeanetteBracegir: expanded content

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
'''Champa Devi''' was an Indian politician from the state of the [[Madhya Pradesh]].
She represented [[Sirmour (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sirmour Vidhan Sabha constituency]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] Legislative Assembly by winning [[General election]] of 1957.<ref name="General Elections of MP 1957">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_MP_1957.pdf|title=General Elections of MP 1957|publisher=Election Commission Of India|year=2004}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Champa}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Possibly living people]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:People from Rewa district]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Women members of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-INC-politician-stub}}

Along North Assembly constituency

2025-01-01T18:21:28Z

JeanetteBracegir: Creating The Pg Initial Version

{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Along North
| type= SLA
| state = Arunachal Pradesh
| established = 1978
| abolished = 1984<ref>{{cite web |url=https://lddashboard.legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/03_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201950.pdf|access-date=19 February 2024|archive-date=19 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219182705/https://lddashboard.legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/03_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201950.pdf|format=pdf|title=THE REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1950}}</ref>
| electors = 10,903
| mla = Lijum Ronya
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1984 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
Along North Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Arunachal Pradesh]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1978 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || [[Lijum Ronya]] || {{Full party name with color|People's Party of Arunachal}}
|-
| [[1980 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Talong Taggu || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1984 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1984]] || [[Lijum Ronya]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 1984 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Along North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1984 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReport%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%2084.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820040016/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReport%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%2084.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Lijum Ronya]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,811 |percentage=32.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Talong Taggu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,763 |percentage=31.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tamyo Taga |party=Independent politician |votes=2,460 |percentage=28.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Doyom Likar |party=Independent politician |votes=694 |percentage=7.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=48 |percentage=0.55% |change= {{decrease}}1.83 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,728 |percentage=82.79% |change= {{increase}}7.42 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,903 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.44 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{decrease}}18.98 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Along North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportArunachal%20Pradesh%201980.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106193245/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportArunachal%20Pradesh%201980.pdf|archive-date=6 January 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Talong Taggu |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=3,311 |percentage=51.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lijum Ronya |party=People's Party of Arunachal |votes=3,157 |percentage=48.81% |change={{decrease}}2.32 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=154 |percentage=2.38% |change= {{decrease}}20.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,468 |percentage=74.45% |change= {{decrease}}7.28 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,905 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.21 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (I) |loser=People's Party of Arunachal |swing= {{increase}}0.06 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Along North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%2078.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613112141/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%2078.pdf|archive-date=13 June 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Lijum Ronya]] |party=People's Party of Arunachal |votes=3,394 |percentage=51.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Talong Taggu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,868 |percentage=28.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nyodek Yonggam |party=Janata Party |votes=1,376 |percentage=20.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,526 |percentage=22.99% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,638 |percentage=81.96% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,306 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=People's Party of Arunachal |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh}}

{{coord missing|Arunachal Pradesh}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh]]
{{ArunachalPradesh-geo-stub}}

India–Rwanda relations

2024-10-23T21:59:09Z

JeanetteBracegir: content update

{{Infobox bilateral relations
| title = India–Rwanda relations
| party1 = India
| party2 = Rwanda
| map = India_Rwanda_Locator.png
| filetype = png
| size =
| mission1 = High Commission of India, [[Kigali]]
| mission2 = High Commission of Rwanda, [[New Delhi]]
| envoytitle1 = High Commissioner
| envoy1 = Oscar Kerketta<ref>{{cite web |title=High Commissioner |url=https://hcikigali.gov.in/high-commissioner.php |website=High Commission of India, Kigali |access-date=4 October 2021}}</ref>
| envoytitle2 = High Commissioner
| envoy2 = [[Jacqueline Mukangira]]
}}
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meeting the President of Rwanda, Mr. Paul Kagame, at Kigali, Rwanda on July 23, 2018.JPG|thumb|Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] meeting with President [[Paul Kagame]] in [[Kigali]]; July 2018.]]

'''India–Rwanda relations''' are the foreign relations between the [[India|Republic of India]] and the [[Rwanda|Republic of Rwanda]]. India is represented in Rwanda through its [[High Commission]] in [[Kigali]] which opened on 15 August 2018. Rwanda has been operating its High Commission in [[New Delhi]] since 1999 and appointed its first resident High Commissioner in 2001.

==History==
[[Rwanda]] opened its embassy in [[New Delhi]] in 1999 and appointed its first resident ambassador in 2001. Although Rwanda had not been a [[British colony]], it opted to become a member of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] in 2009, and its diplomatic mission became a High Commission. [[India]] opened its High Commission in [[Kigali]] on 15 August 2018, and appointed Oscar Kerketta as its first resident High Commissioner to Rwanda. The Indian High Commission in [[Kampala]], [[Uganda]] had previously been accredited to Rwanda.<ref>{{cite web |title=Oscar Kerketta appointed as the next High Commissioner of India to the Republic of Rwanda |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/30208/Oscar+Kerketta+appointed+as+the+next+High+Commissioner+of+India+to+the+Republic+of+Rwanda |website=Ministry of External Affairs |access-date=4 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="MEA2021"/>

==High-level visits==
Rwandan president [[Paul Kagame]] has visited [[India]] five times, including three private visits and two state visits. He made his first visit in December 2002 to receive an honorary doctorate from the [[Vellore Institute of Technology]]. He made his second visit in January 2009 to participate as the chief guest at the India-Africa Business Forum organised by the [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry]]. Kagame visited [[New Delhi]] again in November 2014 to participate in the India Economic Forum, and also met with President [[Pranab Mukherjee]] during the visit. Kagame visited [[Gandhinagar]], [[Gujarat]] in January 2017 to attend the [[Vibrant Gujarat]] summit, and met Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] on the sidelines of the summit. Kagame visited [[Delhi]] on 9-12 March 2018 to participate in the founding conference of the [[International Solar Alliance]].<ref name="MEA2021">{{cite web|title=India-Rwanda Bilateral Relations|url=https://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Rwanda_july_2021.pdf|website=Ministry of External Affairs|publisher=Embassy of India, Kigali|access-date=3 October 2021|date=July 2021}}</ref>

[[Prime Minister of Rwanda|Rwandan Prime Minister]] [[Bernard Makuza]] participated in the Vibrant Gujarat Summit in January 2011. He visited India again in October 2011 to explore new investment opportunities accompanied by a 25 member business delegation. In April 2012, Defence Minister Gen. James Kaberebe led a three-member delegation to India to attend ''DefExpo India 2012''. He also met with his Indian counterpart and discussed possible future cooperation between the two countries in the field of defence. Speaker of the Parliament of Rwanda [[Rose Mukantabana]] attended the 7th Meeting of Women Speakers of Parliament held in New Delhi in October 2012. Prime Minister [[Anastase Murekezi]] visited India in October 2015 to attend the 3rd [[India-Africa Forum Summit]].<ref name="MEA2021"/>

During [[Vice President of India|Vice-President]] [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]'s 5-day visit to Rwanda in February 2017, the two countries signed agreements to set up an entrepreneurship development centre in Kigali, begin [[RwandAir]] flights to India, and mutually exempt visa requirements for diplomatic and official passport holders.<ref>{{cite web|title=India and Rwanda sign MoUs in innovation, aviation, visa|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-india-and-rwanda-sign-mous-in-innovation-aviation-visa-2329632|website=dna|access-date=21 February 2017|date=21 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=India, Rwanda Sign Three Agreements To Boost Bilateral Relations|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-rwanda-sign-three-agreements-to-boost-bilateral-relations-1661734|website=NDTV.com|access-date=21 February 2017}}</ref> Ansari also met with President Kagame, Prime Minister Anastase Murekezi, and President of the [[Senate (Rwanda)|Rwandan Senate]] Bernard Makuza. Makuza visited India in July 2018, met with Vice-President [[Venkaiah Naidu]] and signed an MoU for cooperation between the Senate and the [[Rajya Sabha]].<ref name="MEA2021"/>

Narendra Modi became the first [[Indian Prime Minister]] to visit Rwanda on 23-24 July 2018. Several bilateral agreements were signed during the visit including MoUs on defence co-operation, dairy co-operation, leather co-operation, cultural exchange, cooperation in agriculture and animal resources, and a bilateral trade agreement. India also extended [[line of credit|lines of credit]] worth {{currency|100|USD}} [[million]] for the development of industrial parks and expansion of Kigali SEZ, and {{USD|100}} million for financing an agriculture project in Rwanda. Modi made several other commitments to assist Rwanda including gifting 100,000 books of the [[National Council of Educational Research and Training]], setting up a task force in the field of digital education and an e-library, support for digitalization and online access of education books and related learning material, establishing an Entrepreneurship Development Centre in Kigali, providing 25 fully funded slots for Rwandans to attend training in dairy production and processing in India, a gift of 200 cows worth {{USD|200000}} to the Rwandan Government's Girinka programme which aims to provide one cow to every poor Rwandan family, and donations of {{USD|20000}} to the [[Kigali Genocide Memorial]] and the Imbuto Foundation for the education of girls.<ref name="MEA2021"/>

==Economic relations ==
Bilateral trade totaled US$140.96 million in 2020-21. India made $134.29 million worth of exports and $6.67 million worth of imports from Rwanda. The main commodities exported by India to Rwanda are electrical and mechanical machinery, pharmaceuticals and vehicles. The major commodities imported by India from Rwanda are metallic articles (aluminum, lead and copper), precious and semi-precious stones, tea and coffee.<ref name="MEA2021"/>

The Rwandan High Commissioner to India stated that in the year 2011 alone, projects by Indian entrepreneurs worth over US$200 million were registered in Rwanda. He further stated that other projects by Indian entrepreneurs valued at over US$1.0 billion are in the pipeline.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=15041&a=55442&ei=TXYbUL7_G4rUrQ | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130418023635/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=15041&a=55442&ei=TXYbUL7_G4rUrQ | url-status=dead | archive-date=18 April 2013 | title=Rwanda courts India support for UNSC seat | publisher=The New Times | access-date=3 August 2012 }}</ref>

[[Bharti Airtel]] was awarded a licence to operate mobile services by the Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Agency in September 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bharti Airtel Rwanda entry seen spurring price war |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/rwanda-telecoms-idINL5E7KE0ZK20110914 |website=Reuters |access-date=4 October 2021 |language=en |date=14 September 2011}}</ref> Airtel Rwanda Limited launched services on 30 March 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=Airtel launches mobile services in Rwanda |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/telecom/airtel-launches-mobile-services-in-rwanda/articleshow/12471710.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=30 March 2012 |access-date=4 October 2021}}</ref> Airtel announced that it had reached an agreement with competitor [[Millicom]] to acquire complete control of Tigo Rwanda at a reported cost of $60-70 million in December 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aulakh |first1=Gulveen |title=Bharti Airtel signs agreement to buy Millicom's operations in Rwanda |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/bharti-airtel-signs-agreement-to-buy-millicoms-operations-in-rwanda/articleshow/62128734.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=30 December 2017 |access-date=4 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Pandey |first1=Navadha |title=Airtel's Rwanda unit to buy Millicom subsidiary Tigo Rwanda |url=https://www.livemint.com/Industry/D0nXYu3bNZWqknJV7nTERO/Bharti-Airtel-to-buy-Millicoms-operations-in-Rwanda.html |website=mint |access-date=4 October 2021 |language=en |date=19 December 2017}}</ref> The acquisition made Airtel the second largest mobile operator in Rwanda with a 40% market share.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kurup |first1=Rajesh |title=Bharti Airtel to acquire Millicom's operations in Rwanda |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/bharti-airtel-to-acquire-millicoms-operations-in-rwanda/article9996165.ece |website=The Hindu Business Line |date=19 December 2017 |access-date=4 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Luxmi Tea, a Kolkata-based company, has investments in Rwanda's tea industry. [[TVS Motor Company]] has significant market share in Rwanda's two-wheeler market. Sahasra Lighting is involved in the supply of LED lighting and solar panels in Rwanda. Rwanda's only sugar refinery and its only modern textile mill, and a soap and cosmetic factory are owned by [[persons of Indian origin]] (PIO).<ref name="MEA2021"/>

Kigali has increasingly been viewed by Indian organizations as a suitable location to host conferences. An Indian think tank, the Observer Research Foundation, organized the Kigali Global Dialogue in July 2019. In August 2019, the Telecom Equipments and Services Export Promotion Council (TEPC) organized the India-Africa ICT Expo2019 in collaboration with the Government of Rwanda in Kigali. The second India-Africa ICT Expo 2020 was conducted virtually (due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]) with the support of Government of Rwanda in December 2020.<ref name="MEA2021"/>

==Development assistance ==
Under the [[Pan-African e-Network project]], tele-medicine and tele-education centres were established in Rwanda in 2009 enabling Rwandan doctors to consult their Indian counterparts, and provide treatment for patients and education for students in Rwanda. India extended LoCs totaling {{currency|120|USD}} [[million]] for the development of Export Targeted Irrigated Agriculture Project and its expansion in 2013.<ref name="MEA2021"/>

At the first [[India Africa Forum Summit]], Rwanda was nominated by the [[African Union]] as one of the hosts for the India-Africa Vocational Training Centre. Indian Minister for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises [[Kalraj Mishra]] visited Kigali in January 2015 to inaugurate the institute. At the 2nd India Africa Forum Summit, India announced it would establish the India-Africa Entrepreneurship Development Centre (IAEDC) in Rwanda.<ref name="MEA2021"/> An MoU on cooperation in [[forensic science]]s was signed between the Government of Rwanda and the [[National Forensic Sciences University]] in January 2017 to train Rwandans in the field of forensic science.<ref name="MEA2021"/>

A 28 MW [[hydroelectric]] project on the [[Nyabarongo River]] was completed and commissioned in early 2016 funded by a {{USD|80}} million line of credit (LOC) provided by the Government of India. The project has substantially augmented Rwanda’s total electricity generation capacity. An LOCs worth {{USD|81}} million for establishment of 10 vocational training centres and 4 business incubation centres was signed between the EXIM Bank of India and the Government of Rwanda on 24 May 2017. An LOC worth {{USD|66.6}} million to upgrade the Base-Butaro-Kideho road was signed on 14 May 2018.<ref name="MEA2021"/>

In early 2019, India gifted medicines worth {{USD|2}} million to help Rwanda fight against [[HIV/AIDS]], [[Hepatitis B]] and [[Hepatitis C]]. India donated 50,000 doses of the [[Covishield]] vaccine produced by the [[Serum Institute of India]] to help Rwanda during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda|COVID-19 pandemic]]. The shipment was delivered to [[Kigali International Airport]] on 5 March 2021.<ref name="MEA2021"/>

The Government of India offers scholarships and fellowships to Rwandan citizens to pursue under-graduate, post-graduate and research courses in India under the [[Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme]] (ITEC), the Special Commonwealth African Assistance Plan (SCAAP), and the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]] (ICCR). Some [[Rwanda Defence Force]] officers have availed training slots in India.<ref name="MEA2021"/>

==Indians in Rwanda==
There were around 3,000 [[Indian people|Indian citizens]] and persons of Indian origin (PIOs) in Rwanda as of July 2021.<ref name="MEA2021"/> Rwanda's only sugar refinery and its only modern textile mill are both owned by PIOs.<ref name="MEA2021"/>

The Indian Association of Rwanda, founded in 2011, is the primary Indian cultural organisation in Rwanda.<ref>{{cite web |title=India to open embassy in Kigali |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/218443 |website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda |access-date=4 October 2021 |language=en |date=21 August 2017}}</ref>

No Indian citizens were killed or injured during the [[Rwandan genocide]] in 1994. The [[Government of India|Indian Government]] was able to evacuate its citizens from Rwanda to [[Bujumbura]], Burundi and [[Nairobi]], Kenya without any interference from either [[Rwandan Patriotic Front]] (RPF) or Rwandan Government forces.<ref name="MEA2021"/>

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* [https://hcikigali.gov.in/index.php High Commission of India, Kigali]

{{Foreign relations of India}}
{{Foreign relations of Rwanda}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:India-Rwanda relations}}
[[Category:India–Rwanda relations| ]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of India|Rwanda]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Rwanda]]

Betor

2024-10-22T10:43:33Z

JeanetteBracegir: refine details

{{short description|Village in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
'''Betore''' ({{langx|bn|বেতড়}}) was a major trading centre, the location being around present [[Shibpur]] in [[Howrah district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].
[[File:Kolkata Map 1690.jpg|270px|thumb|Betor in the Map of Calcutta (1690)]]

In addition to the three recognised hamlets, [[Sutanuti]], [[Gobindapur, Kolkata|Gobindapur]] and [[Kalikata]] around which the city of [[Kolkata]] has grown up, must be added at least four others as the elementary constituents of the city (including [[Howrah]] on the opposite bank). These are [[Chitpur]], [[Salkia]], [[Kalighat]] and Betore. Out of these four Betore, which was the focus of trade once upon a time, vanished in the seventeenth century.<ref name = Cotton>[[H.E.A.Cotton|Cotton, H.E.A.]], ''Calcutta Old and New'', 1909/1980, pp. 1-4, General Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</ref>

[[File:Batai Chandi Idol - Batai Chandi Mandir - Sibpur - Howrah 2012-10-02 0365.JPG|thumb|150px|left|The Batai Chandi Idol of Batai Chandi Temple]]

At the end of the fifteenth century, a poem in praise of the serpent-goddess written by [[Bipradas Pipilai]] gives us the first authentic glimpse of the area. Satgaon or [[Saptagram]] on the west bank of the [[Hooghly river]], between [[Bandel]] and [[Tribeni, Hooghly|Tribeni]] was a great port. Lower down the river, on the same bank, Betore was a large market town, where travellers paused to buy provisions and worship the goddess [[Chandi]]. Chitpur and Kalikata were neighbouring villages passed just before reaching Betore. Gobindapur and Sutanuti did not exist. Kalighat was a small sanctuary claiming just a bare mention.<ref name = Cotton/>

Caesar Frederick, a [[Venice|Venetian]] who had travelled in the East from 1563 to 1581 and has left behind an account about some important cities, ports and business centres of India and of Bengal, mentions, “A good tides rowing before you come to Satgan, you shall have a place which is called Buttor, and from thence upwards the river is very shallow, and little water.”<ref>Patree, Purnendu, ''Purano Kolkatar Kathachitra'', (a book on History of Calcutta), {{in lang|bn}}, first published 1979, 1995 edition, p. 67, Dey’s Publishing, {{ISBN|81-7079-751-9}}.</ref>

At present only a simple temple of Betaichandi still exists beside the [[G.T. Road]] in [[Shibpur]], [[Howrah]]. <ref>Bandopadhyay, Amiya Kumar, ''Howran Jelar Purakirti'', {{in lang|bn}}, 1976, p.102, Govt. of West Bengal.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Howrah District}}
{{Non-extant Bengal places}}

[[Category:History of Kolkata]]
[[Category:Howrah district]]

{{Howrah-geo-stub}}

Wadgera Taluka

2024-04-29T02:43:29Z

JeanetteBracegir: Creating New Details

{{Redirect|Wadgera|the village in Yadgir district|Wadgera, Yadgir|village in Kalaburagi district|Wadgera, Kalaburagi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Wadgera Taluka
| official_name =
| other_name = Wadagera Taluka Vadagera Taluk ವಡಗೇರಾ ತಾಲ್ಲೂಕು
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[taluka]]
| image_skyline = File:Wadagera Taluk.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = '''Wadagera Taluka Map'''
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16|35|11|N|77|05|54|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Yadgir district|Yadgir]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]
| governing_body = [[Taluka panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 383
| population_total = 7349
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="censusindia" />
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 585355
| registration_plate = KA 33
| website = {{URL|karnataka.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KA]]
| footnotes =
}}

''' Wadgera''' is a [[taluka panchayat]]<ref>2011 Village Panchayat Code = 221174, {{Cite web|title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: Village Panchayat Names of, Yadgir, Karnataka|publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India| url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=5843&parenttype=B&ptype=V|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227192004/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=5843&parenttype=B&ptype=V|archive-date=27 February 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Wadagera Block Code 7389 {{Cite web|title=Wadagera Block |date=14 October 2019 |work=Local Government Directory |publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India |url=https://lgdirectory.gov.in/viewglobalBlockDetail.do?globalblockId=7389&OWASP_CSRFTOKEN=5YPM-NX5G-GRPC-JUAK-6DGY-JZ6O-STOQ-AWRG# |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128051759/https://lgdirectory.gov.in/viewglobalBlockDetail.do?globalblockId=7389&OWASP_CSRFTOKEN=5YPM-NX5G-GRPC-JUAK-6DGY-JZ6O-STOQ-AWRG# |archive-date=28 November 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], [[India]].<ref name="censusindia">2001 Village code= 381600 {{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx|title=2001 Census of India: Villages with population 5000 & above|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=2008-12-18}}</ref><ref name="Panchayat-Dir-2011">2011 Census Village code = 621193, {{Cite web|title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: List of Census Villages mapped for: Wadgera Taluka Panchayat, Yadgir, Karnataka|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=221174&rlbtype=V|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421042211/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=221174&rlbtype=V |archive-date=21 April 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Administratively, Wadgera is in the [[Yadgir district]] in Karnataka. It was created 2017 out of the southern portion of [[Shahapur, Karnataka|Shahapur Taluka]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=DHNS |title=49 new taluks to be created, DCs told to fix boundaries |date=28 August 2017 |newspaper=The Deccan Herald |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/49-taluks-created-dcs-told-2022517 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128033856/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/49-taluks-created-dcs-told-2022517 |archive-date=28 November 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> The administrative center is the village of [[Wadgera, Yadgir|Wadgera]], 23 km by road south of the City of [[Yadgir]] and 39 km by road southeast of the town of [[Shahpur, Karnataka|Shahapur]]. The nearest rail station and the nearest [[railhead]] are in [[Yadgir]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yadgir District Map Showing Railway Line |publisher=Yadgir District|url=http://yadgir.nic.in/Maps/YADGIR%20DIST%20RAILWAY%20LINE.jpg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206192228/http://yadgir.nic.in/Maps/YADGIR%20DIST%20RAILWAY%20LINE.jpg|archive-date=6 February 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As of 2001 India [[census]], its chief village Wadgera had a population of 7,349 with 3,652 males and 3,697 females;<ref name="censusindia" /> however, there has not been a census since the taluka was created.

==Education==
The government pre-university college at Wadgera has twice been shifted away to other locales.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Govt robs Yadgir to favour Sirsi|newspaper=The Deccan Herald|date=7 June 2011|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/167209/govt-robs-yadgir-favour-sirsi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703025408/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/167209/govt-robs-yadgir-favour-sirsi.html|archive-date=3 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Economics==
A 20 MW Solar power plant was constructed at Wadgera in 2018 by Mahindra Susten Pvt. Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web|title=No.16, C-1, Millers Tank Bed Area, Vasanth Nagar, Bengaluru-560 052 |date=4 January 2023 |publisher=Karnataka Electricity Regulatory Commission |url=https://kerc.karnataka.gov.in/uploads/77261672917308.pdf }}</ref> It was owned by Hero Future Energies Ltd.

==Towns and villages==
[[Wadgera, Yadgir|Wadgera]] is the main village in the taluka.<ref name="Panchayat-Dir-2011" /> There are 63 other villages, 18 of which are also [[gram panchayat]] villages.<ref name="Yadgir-admin">{{Cite web|title=Tehsil: Administrative Organization: Block wise |publisher=Deputy Commissioner, Yadgir, Karnataka |url=https://yadgir.nic.in/en/tehsil/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320191156/https://yadgir.nic.in/en/tehsil/ |archive-date=20 March 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition there are 55 rural habitations that don't arise to village status.<ref name="Yadgir-admin" /> The gram panchayat villages include:
*[[Aikur, Wadgera|Aikur]]
*[[Bendebembli]]
*[[Bilar, Wadgera|Bilar]]
*[[Gonal, Wadgera|Gonal]]
*Gulsaram
*[[Gundgurthi, Wadgera|Gundgurthi]]
*[[Hayyal (B), Wadgera|Hayyal (B)]]
*[[Halgera, Wadgera|Halgera]]
*[[Kadamgera (B), Wadgera|Kadamgera B]]
*[[Konkal, Wadgera|Konkal]]
*[[Kurkunda, Wadgera|Kurkunda]]
*[[Naikal]]
*[[Tewar Wadagera]]
*[[Tumkur, Wadgera|Tumkur]]
*[[Tadabidi]]
*[[Ullesugar]]
*[[Wadgera, Yadgir|Wadgera]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cite web|title=Official Website of Yadgir District|url=http://yadgir.nic.in}}
{{-}}

{{Yadgir district}}

[[Category:Taluks in Yadgiri district]]

Prasanta

2024-04-01T00:55:18Z

JeanetteBracegir: Put Up A Details Needs Work

'''Prasanta''' may refer to

*[[Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Mahavidyalaya]], College in Kolkata
*[[Prasanta Pradhan]], Indian politician
*[[Prasanta Banerjee]], Indian footballer
*[[Prasanta Sur]], Indian politician
*[[Prasanta Nanda|Prashanta Nanda]], Indian politician
*[[Prasanta Chatterjee]], Indian politician
*[[Prasanta Pattanaik]], Professor in economics
*[[Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis]], Indian scientist
*[[Prasanta Karmakar]], Indian swimmer
*[[Prasanta Kumar Majumdar]], Indian politician
*[[Prasanta Bihari Mukharji]], Indian judge


{{Disambiguation}}
[[Category:Indian given names]]