Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Paul Reiffel

2023-10-05T14:53:11Z

Jayrajsinh0825: edits

{{short description|Australian cricketer and umpire}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use Australian English|date=September 2012}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Paul Reiffel
| image =
| country = Australia
| fullname = Paul Ronald Reiffel
| nickname = Pistol
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1966|4|19|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Box Hill, Victoria|Box Hill]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], [[Australia]]
| height = 187 cm
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast-medium]]
| role = [[All rounder (cricket)|All rounder]], [[Umpire (cricket)|umpire]]
| family =
| umpire = true
| testsumpired = 62
| umptestdebutyr = 2012
| umptestlastyr = 2023
| odisumpired = 79
| umpodidebutyr = 2009
| umpodilastyr = 2022
| t20isumpired = 27
| umpt20idebutyr = 2009
| umpt20ilastyr = 2022

| wtestsumpired = 1
| umpwtestdebutyr = 2008
| umpwtestlastyr =
| wodisumpired = 3
| umpwodidebutyr = 2004
| umpwodilastyr = 2011
| wt20isumpired = 7
| umpwt20idebutyr = 2012
| umpwt20ilastyr = 2014

| international = true
| internationalspan = 1992-1999
| testdebutdate = 1 February
| testdebutyear = 1992
| testdebutagainst = India
| testcap = 352
| lasttestdate = 6 March
| lasttestyear = 1998
| lasttestagainst = India

| odidebutdate = 14 January
| odidebutyear = 1992
| odidebutagainst = India
| odicap = 108
| lastodidate = 20 June
| lastodiyear = 1999
| lastodiagainst = Pakistan
| odishirt = 4

| club1 = [[Victoria Bushrangers|Victoria]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|1987/88–2001/02}}
| club2 = [[Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club|Nottinghamshire]]
| year2 = 2000

| columns = 4

| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 35
| runs1 = 955
| bat avg1 = 26.52
| 100s/50s1 = 0/6
| top score1 = 79[[not out|*]]
| deliveries1 = 6,403
| wickets1 = 104
| bowl avg1 = 26.96
| fivefor1 = 5
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 6/71
| catches/stumpings1 = 15/–

| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches2 = 92
| runs2 = 503
| bat avg2 = 13.97
| 100s/50s2 = 0/1
| top score2 = 58
| deliveries2 = 4,732
| wickets2 = 106
| bowl avg2 = 29.20
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 4/13
| catches/stumpings2 = 25/–

| column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches3 = 168
| runs3 = 3,690
| bat avg3 = 24.76
| 100s/50s3 = 0/18
| top score3 = 86
| deliveries3 = 32,772
| wickets3 = 545
| bowl avg3 = 26.40
| fivefor3 = 16
| tenfor3 = 2
| best bowling3 = 6/57
| catches/stumpings3 = 77/–

| column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches4 = 158
| runs4 = 882
| bat avg4 = 14.00
| 100s/50s4 = 0/1
| top score4 = 58
| deliveries4 = 7830
| wickets4 = 166
| bowl avg4 = 31.04
| fivefor4 = 0
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling4 = 4/13
| catches/stumpings4 = 44/–
| date = 14 June 2023
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/7326.html ESPNcricinfo
}}

'''Paul Ronald Reiffel''' (born 19 April 1966) is an Australian former [[cricket]]er who played in 35 [[Test cricket|Tests]] and 92 [[One Day International]]s (ODIs) from 1992 to 1999.<ref name="cricinfo1">{{cite web|url=http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/7326.html|title=Players and Officials – Paul Reiffel|publisher=Cricinfo|access-date=2009-03-04}}</ref> He was part of Australia's victorious [[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999 World Cup]] team. After retirement he became a [[first-class cricket]] [[Umpire (cricket)|umpire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/657430 |title=International cricketers turned umpires |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=7 April 2018}}</ref> He is currently a member of the [[Elite Panel of ICC Umpires]]. Reiffel was a part of the Australian team that won the [[1999 Cricket World Cup]].

==Playing career==
Reiffel's career best bowling figures of 6/71 came at [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]] in 1993. Throughout his career he took 104 wickets at 26.96 in 35 Tests, taking 5 or more [[wicket]]s in an innings five times. An accurate bowler whose main attacking weapon was [[seam bowling]],<ref name="cricinfo1"/> Reiffel was a more than handy batsman. While limited in his shotmaking ability, he had a solid defence. Two notable achievements in his Australian playing career were being members of the winning [[1999 Cricket World Cup]] ODI team and the test side that defeated the West Indies during the 1994/95 [[Frank Worrell Trophy]] series.<ref>Polack J (2002) [http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia/content/story/115853.html No more of Mr Nice Guy as Reiffel depart], [[CricInfo]], 24 January 2002. Retrieved 22 August 2019.</ref> Reiffel was a [[Victorian Bushrangers|Victorian]] cricket captain who was notorious for declaring a Victorian innings closed in 2001 with [[Michael Klinger]] on 99 not out.<ref name="age2">{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/cricket/klinger-takes-four-years-to-finish-century/2005/11/06/1131211946934.html|title=Klinger takes four years to finish century|last=Ahmed|first=Nabila|date=7 November 2005|work=[[The Age]]|access-date=2009-03-04}}</ref>

==Umpiring career==
Reiffel made his first class umpiring debut in the 2004/2005 season after first umpiring in Melbourne grade cricket in 2002. Reiffel joined the [[Cricket Australia]] National Umpire's Panel in the 2005/2006 season.<ref name="cricinfo2">{{cite web|url=http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/australia/content/story/209095.html|title=Reiffel picked on national umpire's panel|date=12 May 2005|publisher=Cricinfo|access-date=2009-03-04}}</ref><ref name="age1">{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/10/26/1035504923888.html|title=Reiffel's right decision|last=Daffey|first=Paul |date=27 October 2002|work=[[The Age]]|access-date=2009-03-04}}</ref> In 2008, he became a member of the [[International Cricket Council]] [[International Panel of ICC Umpires]],<ref name="smh1">{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/sport/cricket/reiffel-continues-rise-through-umpiring-ranks/2008/10/24/1224351495096.html|title=Reiffel continues rise through umpiring ranks|date=24 October 2008|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|access-date=2009-03-04}}</ref> the first former Australian Test cricketer to do so.<ref name="former">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/149629.html |title=Dhaka Bolshy but brilliant |access-date=20 April 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo|date=19 April 2005 }}</ref> He made his international on-field umpiring debut in a [[One Day International]] match between Australia and New Zealand on 6 February 2009.<ref>[http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ausvnz2008/engine/match/351690.html Australia v New Zealand], Cricinfo, 6 February 2009.</ref> He also umpired in both Tests of the West Indies-New Zealand Test Series in July–August 2012.

In June 2013, Reiffel was elevated to the [[Elite Panel of ICC Umpires]]. He was selected as one of the twenty umpires to stand in matches during the [[2015 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2014/media-releases/83319/icc-announces-match-officials-for-icc-cricket-world-cup-2015|title= ICC announces match officials for ICC Cricket World Cup 2015|publisher= ICC Cricket|date= 2 December 2014|access-date= 12 February 2015|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150330201852/http://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2014/media-releases/83319/icc-announces-match-officials-for-icc-cricket-world-cup-2015|archive-date= 30 March 2015}}</ref>

On the first day of the [[English cricket team in India in 2016–17|fourth Test between India and England]] at the [[Wankhede Stadium]] in Mumbai, Reiffel was hit on the head by a throw from fielder [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]. He left the field and underwent some precautionary tests, which showed that he had not suffered any major injuries. The [[International Cricket Council]], however, decided against Reiffel taking any further part in the match. He was replaced by [[Marais Erasmus]] who was originally the [[third umpire]].<ref name="injury">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-england-2016-17/content/story/1071421.html |title=Reiffel sent to hospital after blow to head |access-date=8 December 2016 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

In April 2019, he was named as one of the sixteen umpires to stand in matches during the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1198051 |title=Match officials for ICC Men's Cricket World Cup 2019 announced |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=26 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1182149.html |title=Umpire Ian Gould to retire after World Cup |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=26 April 2019}}</ref>

==Family==
Reiffel's father, [[Ron Reiffel]], played for the [[Richmond Football Club]]. His grandfather, [[Lou Reiffel]], was also an [[Australian rules football]]er and played for both [[Melbourne Football Club|Melbourne]] and [[Sydney Swans|South Melbourne]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Holmesby, Russell |author2=Main, Jim |name-list-style=amp |title=The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers| publisher=BAS Publishing|year=2007|isbn=978-1-920910-78-5}}</ref>

Following the death of his father in December 2018, Reiffel pulled out of officiating during [[Sri Lankan cricket team in New Zealand in 2018–19|Sri Lanka's tour of New Zealand]] the following month.

==See also==
* [[List of Test cricket umpires]]
* [[List of One Day International cricket umpires]]
* [[List of Twenty20 International cricket umpires]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Navboxes
|title= Australia squads
|bg= #FFD700
|fg=green
|bordercolor=green
|list1=
{{Australia Squad 1996 Cricket World Cup}}
{{Australia Squad 1999 Cricket World Cup}}
}}
{{Elite Panel of ICC Umpires}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reiffel, Paul}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Australia One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:Australia Test cricketers]]
[[Category:Australian cricket umpires]]
[[Category:Australian cricketers]]
[[Category:Australian One Day International cricket umpires]]
[[Category:Australian Test cricket umpires]]
[[Category:Australian Twenty20 International cricket umpires]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 1996 Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 1999 Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Melbourne]]
[[Category:Nottinghamshire cricketers]]
[[Category:Richmond cricketers]]
[[Category:Victoria cricketers]]
[[Category:People from Box Hill, Victoria]]

1983 Conference of Ministers of Education and Culture of the Non-Aligned Movement

2023-10-03T21:27:31Z

Jayrajsinh0825:

{{Infobox summit meeting
| name = 1983 Conference of Ministers of Education and Culture of the Non-Aligned Movement
| other_titles =
| logo =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| country = {{flag|North Korea}}
| date = 24-28 September 1983
| motto =
| venues =
| cities = [[Pyongyang]]
| participants =
| chairperson = [[Kim Il Sung]]
| president =
| follows =
| precedes =
| website = 
| keypoints =
| compactnav =
}}

The '''1983 Conference of Ministers of Education and Culture of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]]''' convened in [[Pyongyang]], [[North Korea]] was the first conference of the NAM ministers of education and culture which took place between 24 and 28 September.<ref name="Whan Kihl">{{cite journal |last1=Whan Kihl |first1=Young |date=January 1984 |title=North Korea in 1983: Transforming "The Hermit Kingdom"? |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |journal=A Survey of Asia in 1983: Part I |volume=24 |issue=1 |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/2644170 }}</ref><ref name="Seventh Conference-Document">{{cite report |author=n.a. |author-link= |authors= |date= |title=7th Summit Conference of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Movement |url=http://cns.miis.edu/nam/documents/Official_Document/7th_Summit_FD_New_Delhi_Declaration_1983_Whole.pdf |publisher=Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations |page= |docket= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref> North Korea's proposal to host this event received acknowledgment and endorsement in the final declaration of the [[7th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement]] in [[New Delhi]], [[India]] earlier that same year.<ref name="Seventh Conference-Document"/>

The conference in Pyongyang was opened with the speech of [[Kim Il Sung]] on development of national culture in emerging countries.<ref name="Whan Kihl"/> The conference called upon the member states to cooperate with the new [["Josip Broz Tito" Art Gallery of the Nonaligned Countries]] which was to open its doors in 1984.<ref name="Vijesti">{{cite web |url=https://www.vijesti.me/kultura/574205/dokumenti-60-godina-nesvrstanosti |title=Dokumenti - 60 godina nesvrstanosti |author=Jelena Kontić |date=5 November 2021 |publisher=[[Vijesti]] |access-date=5 April 2023 }}</ref>

== Context and organization ==
North Korea originally joined the Non-Aligned Movement from 1976 on the basis of unanimous decision at the [[1975 Non-Aligned Foreign Ministers Conference]] in [[Lima]], [[Peru]].<ref name="Steil">{{cite journal |last1=Steil |first1=Gloria |date=August 2021 |title=Book Review: Guns, guerrillas, and the great leader: North Korea and the Third World. By Benjamin R. Young. |publisher= |journal=International Affairs |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiab137 }}</ref><ref name="Krishnan">{{cite journal |last1=Krishnan |first1=R.R. |date=January 1981 |title=North Korea and the Non-Aligned Movement |publisher= |journal=International Studies |volume=20 |issue=1/2 |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/002088178102000123 }}</ref> This was possible after normalization of North Korean [[North Korea–Yugoslavia relations|relations]] with [[SFR Yugoslavia]] in 1971 (North Korea severely criticized what it called Yugoslav [[Anti-Revisionism (Marxism–Leninism)|revisionism]] in 1950s and 1960s) when that country started supporting North Korean membership, yet North Korea unsuccessfully tried to bring the [[Korean conflict]] on the NAM agenda in first years of its membership.<ref name="North Korea in Transition">{{cite book |url=https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/ieas/KRM_016.pdf |chapter=North Korea's Relations with Eastern Europe |author=Ha Yong-Chool |editor1=Chong-Sik Lee |editor2=Se-Hee Yoo |title=North Korea in Transition |date=1991 |publisher=The Institute of East Asian Studies |access-date=3 October 2023 }}</ref> North Korean idea to invite large number of high ranking NAM delegations to attend 70th birthday of Kim Il Sung was respectfully rejected as well, yet the country aimed to host a large scale NAM event to partially mitigate successful [[South Korea|South Korean]] application to host the [[1988 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="Hungarian Embassy-11 March 1982">{{cite web |url=https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/hungarian-embassy-dprk-report-11-march-1982-subject-north-korean-activities-non-aligned |title=Hungarian Embassy in the DPRK, Report, 11 March 1982. Subject: North Korean activities in the Non-Aligned Movement. |date=11 March 1982 |publisher=[[Ministry of Unification]] |access-date=3 October 2023 }}</ref>

North Korea subsequently nevertheless ensured support of the NAM members to organize the NAM conference on education and culture. Embassy of the [[Hungarian People's Republic]] in Pyongyang sent a ciphered telegram on 15 August 1983 in which it strongly criticized the conduct of the Korean host for excluding [[Cuba]] from the committee which was drafting the final documents and for pushing [[Juche]] ideology.<ref name="Hungarian Embassy">{{cite web |url=https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/hungarian-embassy-dprk-ciphered-telegram-15-august-1983-subject-conference-ministers |title=Hungarian Embassy in the DPRK, Ciphered Telegram, 15 August 1983. Subject: Conference of the ministers of education and culture of the Non-Aligned Movement in Pyongyang. |date=15 August 1983 |publisher=[[Ministry of Unification]] |access-date=3 October 2023 }}</ref>

After the event in Pyongyang, [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]] again confidentially told to the Yugoslav delegation that he prefers North Korea as a host of the upcoming [[8th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement]] as a counterbalance to 1988 Summer Olympics in South Korea and response to the Western powers.<ref name="Markuš">{{cite journal |last1=Markuš |first1=Petar |date=2022 |title=Neki aspekti političkih i ekonomskih odnosa Jugoslavije i Etiopije od 1975. do 1990. |publisher= |journal=RADOVI - Zavod za hrvatsku povijest |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=191-228 |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/429483 }}</ref> Yugoslav delegation nevertheless avoided to reply to this proposal and underlined that the host will be decided at the upcoming [[1985 Non-Aligned Foreign Ministers Conference]] in [[Luanda]], [[Angola]].<ref name="Markuš"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Foreign relations of North Korea]]

{{Non-Aligned Movement Summits}}
{{Foreign relations of North Korea}}

[[Category:Non-Aligned Movement Summits|Education and Culture Ministers]]
[[Category:History of Pyongyang]]
[[Category:1983 conferences]]
[[Category:1983 in politics]]
[[Category:1983 in North Korea]]

Press Trust of India

2023-10-03T11:34:34Z

Jayrajsinh0825:

{{Short description|Indian news agency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox company
| name = The Press Trust of India Ltd.
| logo = Press Trust of India logo.svg
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| image = Press Trust of India (PTI) head office in New Delhi 03.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = PTI Head Office on Parliament Street, New Delhi.
| type = Non-profit [[cooperative]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Press Trust of India sacks 297 staff in one day / IFJ |url=https://www.ifj.org/media-centre/news/detail/category/press-freedom/article/press-trust-of-india-sacks-297-staff-in-one-day.html |website=International Federation of Journalists |access-date=28 January 2019 |language=en |date=26 January 2019}}</ref>
| industry = News media
| genre =
| founded = {{Start date and age|1947|08|27|df=y}}
| founder = 
| hq_location = PTI Building, 4, Parliament Street
| hq_location_city = New Delhi
| hq_location_country = India<ref>{{cite web |title=Contact us |url=http://www.ptinews.com/aboutpti/Contactus.aspx |website=Press Trust of India |access-date=28 January 2019}}</ref>
| num_locations =
| num_locations_year = 
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Aveek Sarkar]]<br />{{small|(Chairman)}}|Vijay Joshi<br />{{small|(Editor-in-Chief)|Rajesh Mahapatra<br />{{small|(Editor)}}<ref name = "About">{{cite web |title=About PTI |url=http://www.ptinews.com/aboutpti/aboutus.aspx |website=Press Trust of India |access-date=28 January 2019}}</ref>}}}}
| products =
| brands =
| production =
| production_year = 
| services =
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|1.73|b}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Viveck Goenka of Indian Express elected new PTI Chairman |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/viveck-goenka-of-indian-express-elected-new-pti-chairman-1039816-2017-09-07 |website=India Today |access-date=28 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
| revenue_year = 2016–17
| operating_income =
| income_year = 
| net_income = 
| net_income_year = 
| assets =
| assets_year = 
| equity =
| equity_year = 
| owner = 
| members =
| members_year = 
| num_employees = 1,000+
| num_employees_year = 2014
| parent =
| divisions = {{Bulleted_list|PTI Bhasha|PTI Photo|PTI Graphics}}
| subsid =
| module = 
| website = {{URL|www.ptinews.com}}
| footnotFes =
}}

'''The Press Trust of India Ltd.''', commonly known as '''PTI''', is the largest [[news agency]] in [[India]].<ref>[http://indianembassy.ru/cms/index.php?Itemid=592&id=539&option=com_content&task=view Embassy of India (Moscow) – NEWS AGENCIES] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605095110/http://indianembassy.ru/cms/index.php?Itemid=592&id=539&option=com_content&task=view |date=5 June 2009 }}</ref> It is headquartered in [[New Delhi]] and is a nonprofit [[cooperative]] among more than 500 Indian newspapers. It has over 500 full-time employees {{as of|2022|01|01|lc=yes}}, including about 400 journalists. It also has nearly 400 part-time correspondents in most of the district headquarters of the country.<ref>{{cite web|title=Overview of PTU|url=http://www.ptinews.com/aboutpti/aboutus.aspx|publisher=Press Trust of India|access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> PTI also has correspondents in major capitals and important business centres around the world. It took over the operations of the '''Associated Press of India''' from [[Reuters]] in 1948–49.<ref name=about>[http://www.ptinews.com/aboutpti/aboutus.aspx About PTI], Press Trust of India, retrieved 14 March 2017.</ref><ref name=UNESCO>{{cite web |title=News Agencies: Their Structure and Operation |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0007/000734/073446eo.pdf |publisher=UNESCO |year=1953 |pages=16, 21}}</ref> It provides news coverage and information of the region in both [[English language|English]] and [[Hindi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Communal attack in Bawana shared with false claim of Muslim man injecting fruits with spittle|url=https://www.altnews.in/communal-attack-in-bawan-shared-with-false-claim-of-muslim-man-injecting-fruits-with-spittle/|last=Mehta|first=Archit|date=9 April 2020|website=Alt News|language=en-GB|access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2 Cases of Coronavirus Confirmed in Kolkata? No, Media Misreported|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/two-cases-of-coronavirus-confirmed-in-kolkata-news-fact-check|date=14 February 2020|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=PTI Misreports Maharashtra Home Minister On Palghar Lynching|url=https://www.boomlive.in/fake-news/pti-misreports-maharashtra-home-minister-on-palghar-lynching-7773|last=Alphonso|first=Anmol|date=22 April 2020|website=www.boomlive.in|language=en|access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Has the UP Govt Slashed Funds for Education? Here's a Fact Check|url=https://www.thequint.com/politics/2017/07/19/up-government-slashed-funds-for-education|date=19 July 2017|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref>

==Overview ==
[[File:Press Trust of India 1999 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|A 1999 stamp dedicated to the 50th anniversary of PTI, featuring its logo on top.]]
PTI exchanges information with several other news agencies including 100 news agencies based outside India, such as [[Associated Press]], [[Agence France-Presse]], ''[[The New York Times]]'' and [[Bloomberg L.P.]] Major Indian subscribers of PTI include ''[[The Hindu]]'', ''[[The Times of India]]'', ''[[The Indian Express]]'', ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', [[The Statesman (India)|''The Statesman'']], [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|''The Tribune'']], ''[[News18 India|News 18]], [[NDTV]], [[India Today]],'' the [[All India Radio]], [[Doordarshan]], and [[The Wire (India)|''The Wire'']]. PTI has offices in [[Bangkok]], [[Beijing]], [[Colombo]], [[Dubai]], [[Islamabad]], [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Moscow]], [[New York City]], and [[Washington D.C.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asianetnews.net/agencies/press-trust-of-india|title=AsiaNet – Agencies|website=www.asianetnews.net}}</ref>

Its current [[chairman]] is [[Aveek Sarkar|Aveek Sarkar.]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=31 August 2020|title=Aveek Sarkar is new PTI Chairman|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]]|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/aveek-sarkar-is-new-pti-chairman-134161|access-date=18 May 2021}}</ref> He is also the vice chairman of [[ABP Group|ABP group]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=31 August 2020|title=ABP's Aveek Sarkar new PTI chairman|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/abps-aveek-sarkar-new-pti-chairman/articleshow/77849026.cms|access-date=18 May 2021}}</ref>

== History of PTI ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Time
! Event
|-
| 1905
| Birth of ''Associated Press of India'' (API) floated by K C Roy, often called the first Indian news agency<ref>{{cite web |title=News Agencies: Their Structure and Operation |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0007/000734/073446eo.pdf |publisher=UNESCO |year=1953 |page=10}}</ref>
|-
| 1919
| [[Reuters]] takes over operations of API but still uses API credit line
|-
| 1945
| API registered as a private limited Indian company wholly owned by Reuters
|-
|1947, 27 August
| Press Trust of India incorporated in [[Madras]]
|-
| 1949, 1 February
| PTI begins news services, taking over operations from API but still maintains links with Reuters.<ref name=about/><ref name=UNESCO/>
|-
|1953
|PTI becomes a free agent, independent of [[Reuters]]
|-
| 1976
|PTI Economic Service is launched
|-
| 1976, February
|PTI, [[United News of India|UNI]], [[Samachar Bharati]], and [[Hindustan Samachar]] merge under pressure during emergency to become '[[Samachar]]'.<ref>{{cite book|last=Shrivastava|first=K. M.|title=News Agencies from Pigeon to Internet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MHujEBLJcvIC|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|year=2007|isbn=9781932705676|page=51}}</ref>
|-
| 1978, April
|PTI and the other three news agencies go back to their original units to restart independent news operations
|-
| 1980, July
| PTI Feature Service launched
|-
| 1981, October
| PTI Science Service launched
|-
| 1982, November
| PTI launches Scan, on-screen news display service
|-
| 1984
| PTI service launched for subscribers in United States
|-
| 1985
| [[Computer-based information technology|Computerisation]] of news operations starts PTI service launched for subscribers in UK
|-
| 1986, February
| PTI-TV launched
|-
| 1986, April
| PTI-Bhasha launched, making it bi-lingual, a concept started by Samachar Bharati
|-
| 1986, August
| Experimental broadcast of news and pictures via Insat-IB begins, Computer system made fully operational
|-
| 1987, August
| Stockscan I launched
|-
| 1987, October
| PTI photo service launched
|-
| 1992, August
| PTI Mag launched
|-
| 1993, August
| PTI Graphics service launched
|-
| 1995, March
| PTI launches StockScan II
|-
| 1996, February
| PTI invests for the first time in a foreign registered Company, Asia Pulse, which provides an on-line data bank on economic opportunities in [[Asian countries]]
|-
| 1997, December
| PTI introduces photo-dial up facility
|-
| 1999, March
| PTI celebrates Golden Jubilee. PTI goes on Internet
|-
| 2003, September
| PTI launches internet delivery of its news and photo services
|-
| 2007, July
| PTI KU-Band VSAT system for delivery of its news and photo services launched
|-
| 2010, March
| PTI launches NewsView for delivery of its news (.txt and .xml) and photo services
|}

==See also==
* [[Asian News International]], another major news agency based in Delhi
* [[Hindustan Samachar]]
* [[Samachar]]
* [[United News of India]]
* [[United Press of India]]

== Citations ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== General bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Aggarwal |first=S. K. |title=Media Credibility |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hDmn6LI_ZDEC |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=1989 |isbn=9788170991571}}
* {{Cite book |editor-last=Jones |editor-first=Derek |title=Censorship: A World Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzisCQAAQBAJ |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |isbn=9781136798634}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kanung |first=Chitra |title=Freedom Under Assault |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1a2RAAAAMAAJ |publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation | year=2001 |pages=114 |isbn=9788176482264}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Keval J. |title=Mass Communication in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ECF7hjnZWfcC |publisher=Jaico Publishing House |year=2000 |isbn=9788172243739}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mehta |first=D. S. |title=Mass Communication and Journalism in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tlR3YT37aZsC |publisher=Allied Publishers |year=1979 |isbn=9788170233534}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Diwakar |title=Mass Communication: Theory and Practice in the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ePXdIGYe6oC |publisher=Deep and Deep Publications |year=2004 |isbn=9788176295079}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}
* {{Twitter}}
* {{Facebook}}

{{News agencies}}
{{Media of India}}

[[Category:Indian companies established in 1947]]
[[Category:Mass media companies of India]]
[[Category:News agencies based in India]]

PLJ

2023-07-06T06:48:46Z

Jayrajsinh0825: Page generated.

'''PLJ''' may refer to:

* PLJ, the IATA code for [[Placencia Airport]], Belize
* PLJ, the Indian Railways station code for [[Palej railway station]], Gujarat, India

{{Disambiguation}}

India women's national squash team

2022-12-19T13:31:43Z

Jayrajsinh0825:

{{Short description|Women's national squash team}}
{{Infobox squash team
| Name = India
| Image = Flag of India.svg
| Nickname =
| Coach = Gautam Das
| Association = [[Squash Rackets Federation of India]]
| Colors = Green or Blue
| First year = 2002
| Titles = 0
| Runners-up = 0
| Best = 5th
| Entries = 4
| Asian Titles = 1
| Asian Runners-up = 3
| Asian Best = [[File:Gold medal asia.svg|16px]] 1st
}}
The '''India national women's squash team''' represents [[India]] in international [[squash (sport)|squash]] team competitions, and is governed by the [[Squash Rackets Federation of India]].

Since 2002, India has participated in one quarter final of the [[World Team Squash Championships|World Squash Team Open]].

==Current team==
* [[Joshna Chinappa]]
* [[Dipika Pallikal]]
* [[Akanksha Salunkhe]]
* [[Tanvi Khanna]]
* [[Sunayna Kuruvilla]]

==Results==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

=== [[World Team Squash Championships]] ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Year
!Result
!Position
!W
!L
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Birmingham]] [[1979 Women's World Team Squash Championships|1979]]|| rowspan="12" colspan="4" align="center"| '''''Did not participate'''''
|-
|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Toronto]] [[1981 Women's World Team Squash Championships|1981]]
|-
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Perth]] [[1983 Women's World Team Squash Championships|1983]]
|-
|{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Dublin]] [[1985 Women's World Team Squash Championships|1985]]
|-
|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Auckland]] [[1987 Women's World Team Squash Championships|1987]]
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Warmond]] [[1989 Women's World Team Squash Championships|1989]]
|-
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Sydney]] [[1990 Women's World Team Squash Championships|1990]]
|-
|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Vancouver]] [[1992 Women's World Team Squash Championships|1992]]
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Guernsey]] [[1994 Women's World Team Squash Championships|1994]]
|-
|{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Petaling Jaya]] [[1996 Women's World Team Squash Championships|1996]]
|-
|{{flagicon|GER}} [[Stuttgart]] [[1998 Women's World Team Squash Championships|1998]]
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Sheffield]] [[2000 Women's World Team Squash Championships|2000]]
|-
|{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Odense]] [[2002 Women's World Team Squash Championships|2002]]|| Group Stage || 18th || 1 || 5
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Amsterdam]] [[2004 Women's World Team Squash Championships|2004]]|| rowspan="3" colspan="4" align="center"| '''''Did not participate'''''
|-
|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Edmonton]] [[2006 Women's World Team Squash Championships|2006]]
|-
|{{flagicon|EGY}} [[Cairo]] [[2008 Women's World Team Squash Championships|2008]]
|-
|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Palmerston North]] [[2010 Women's World Team Squash Championships|2010]]|| Group Stage || 11th || 3 || 3
|-
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Nîmes]] [[2012 Women's World Team Squash Championships|2012]]|| '''Quarter Final''' || 5th || 5 || 1
|-
|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Niagara-on-the-Lake]] [[2014 Women's World Team Squash Championships|2014]]|| Group Stage || 14th || 2 || 6
|-
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Issy-les-Moulineaux]] [[2016 Women's World Team Squash Championships|2016]]|| Group Stage || 9th || 4 || 2
|-
|'''Total'''|| 5/20 ||'''0 Title''' || 15 || 17
|}

<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.squashsite.co.uk/mwt/history.htm|title = History}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldsquash.org/ws/calendar/championship-records |title=Championship Records | World Squash |access-date=2013-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027201757/http://www.worldsquash.org/ws/calendar/championship-records |archive-date=2014-10-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{col-2}}

=== [[Asian Squash Team Championships]] ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Year
!Result
!Position
|-
|{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kuala Lumpur]] 1986|| [[-]] || [[-]]
|-
|{{flagicon|KUW}} [[Kuwait City]] 1988|| [[-]] || [[-]]
|- style="background:#c96;"
|style="border: 2px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kolkata]] 1990|| Semi Final || [[File:Bronze medal asia.svg|16px]]'''3rd'''
|- style="background:#c96;"
|{{flagicon|PAK}} [[Peshawar]] 1992|| Semi Final || [[File:Bronze medal asia.svg|16px]]'''3rd'''
|-
|{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kuala Lumpur]] 1994|| [[-]] || [[-]]
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
|{{flagicon|JOR}} [[Amman]] 1996|| Semi Final || '''4th'''
|-
|{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kuala Lumpur]] 1998|| [[-]] || [[-]]
|-
|{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Hong Kong]] 2000|| [[-]] || [[-]]
|- - style="background:silver;"
|{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kuala Lumpur]] 2002|| Final || [[File:Silver medal asia.svg|16px]]'''2nd'''
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
|{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kuala Lumpur]] 2004|| Semi Final || '''4th'''
|-
|{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Republic China|Taiwan]] 2006|| [[-]] || [[-]]
|-
|{{flagicon|KUW}} [[Kuwait City]] 2008|| [[-]] || [[-]]
|- style="background:silver;"
|style="border: 2px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennai]] 2010|| Final || [[File:Silver medal asia.svg|16px]]'''2nd'''
|- style="background:gold;"
|{{flagicon|KUW}} [[Kuwait City]] 2012|| Final || [[File:Gold medal asia.svg|16px]]'''1st'''
|- - style="background:#c96;"
|{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Hong Kong]] 2014|| Semi Final || [[File:Bronze medal asia.svg|16px]]'''3rd'''
|- style="background:silver;"
|{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Republic China|Taiwan]] 2016|| Final || [[File:Silver medal asia.svg|16px]]'''2nd'''
|-
|{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Cheongju]] 2018|| [[-]] || [[-]]
|-
|{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kuala Lumpur]] 2020||rowspan="1" colspan="2" align="center"| '''''Cancelled'''''
|-
|- style="background:#c96;"
|{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Cheongju]] 2022|| Semi Final || [[File:Bronze medal asia.svg|16px]]'''3rd'''
|-
|'''Total'''|| rowspan="1" colspan="2" align="center"|'''[[File:Gold medal asia.svg|16px]]x1''' -'''[[File:Silver medal asia.svg|16px]]x3''' - '''[[File:Bronze medal asia.svg|16px]]x4'''
|}
{{col-end}}

== See also ==
*[[Squash in India]]
*[[Squash Rackets Federation of India]]
* [[India men's national squash team]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120815055859/http://www.indiasquash.com/nationalteam.asp Team India]

{{National sports teams of India}}

[[Category:Squash teams]]
[[Category:Women's national squash teams]]
[[Category:Women's national sports teams of India|Squash]]
[[Category:Squash in India]]

Uma Bharati

2022-04-21T21:21:22Z

Jayrajsinh0825: Wrote an informative guide.

#REDIRECT [[Uma Bharti]]