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Advocate Anjali Awasthi

2026-05-07T04:16:10Z

Jameshowlett179011: put up some bio from scratch

{{Short description|2024 Indian television series}}
{{update|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image = AdvAnjaliRevamp.jpg
| genre = [[Courtroom]] [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Social issue]] [[Thriller film|Thriller]]
| creator =
| developer = Blues Productions
| writer = Snehasish Chakraborty '''Dialogues and Lyrics''' [[Sanjeev Tiwari]]
| screenplay = Snehasish Chakraborty
| story = Snehasish Chakraborty
| director = Rupam Baag
| creative_director = Snehasish Chakraborty
| starring = Shritama Mitra Ankit Raizada [[Puneett Chouksey]]
| theme_music_composer = Snehasish Chakraborty
| open_theme =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| executive_producer = Runa Dey Sarkar
| producer = Snehasish Chakraborty
| location =
| cinematography = Debabrata Mallick
| editor = Bapan Pramanik
| runtime = 20–22 minutes
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 628 
| company = [[Blues Productions]]
| network = [[StarPlus]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2024|08|08}}
| last_aired = present
}}
'''''Advocate Anjali Awasthi''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]] language courtroom and romance drama television series that premiered on 8 August 2024 on [[StarPlus]]. Produced under [[Blues Productions]], it starred Shritama Mitra as Anjali and Ankit Raizada as Aman in the main roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanji |first=Subhasmita |date=26 July 2024 |title=Beyond the borders of Bengal, Shritama Mitra steps into Bollywood! Like Geeta LLB, this time 'Anjali Awasthi' will handle the case of Delhi. |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/shritama-mitra-starts-her-bollywood-career-with-a-hindi-remake-of-geeta-llb-serial-31721985335622.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922092942/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/shritama-mitra-starts-her-bollywood-career-with-a-hindi-remake-of-geeta-llb-serial-31721985335622.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 September 2024 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Priyanka |date=13 July 2024 |title=The new Geeta LLB is Sritama, this handsome is going to replace Swastik |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/excluisve-ankit-raizada-will-play-the-lead-role-opposite-shritama-mitra-in-geeta-llbs-hindi-remake-31720865148034.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806065203/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/excluisve-ankit-raizada-will-play-the-lead-role-opposite-shritama-mitra-in-geeta-llbs-hindi-remake-31720865148034.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 August 2024 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-08 |title=TV show Advocate Anjali Awasthi's Ankit Raizada opens up about his character; says, "The essence of Aman's character mirrors an aspect of my own life" |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tv-show-advocate-anjali-awasthis-ankit-raizada-opens-up-about-his-character-says-the-essence-of-amans-character-mirrors-an-aspect-of-my-own-life/articleshow/112372416.cms |access-date=2025-03-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It is the remake of [[Star Jalsha]]'s Bengali series ''[[Geeta LL.B]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=26 July 2024 |title=Star Plus announces new show Advocate Anjali Awasthi at 8:30 pm slot as Udne Ki Aasha shifts to 9 pm slot : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/star-plus-announces-new-show-advocate-anjali-awasthi-830-pm-slot-udne-ki-aasha-shifts-9-pm-slot/ |access-date=11 October 2024 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref> In June 2025, the show took a leap and was rebranded as '''''Aarti Anjali Awasthi''''', centering on Aman and Anjali's daughter, Aarti, also portrayed by Shritama Mitra and Ved Rajyavanshi played Puneet Chouskey.

==Plot==
{{expand section|date=August 2025}}
A legal drama that chronicles the journey of a brave and determined lawyer, named Anjali Awasthi, who struggling to make a name for herself in the male-dominated field. She chances upon her first case, which is against the "big guns". This case becomes the ultimate test of Anjali's resolve, not only to establish herself in the legal field, but also to challenge deep-rooted inequities.

Aman and Anjali's daughter, Aarti has grown up to become a brave and resolute reporter, dedicated to seeking justice and standing her ground, much like her mother did before her. But Sapna is uneasy about Aarti's choice of career, fearing that her granddaughter might suffer the same tragic fate as Anjali, who has been in a catatonic state for 21 years.

Aarti's maternal grandparents, Ganesh and Sapna have secretly raised her in their colony, carefully ensuring that no one outside its borders knew of her existence. Their aim was to protect her from Chandrabhan Thakur and his son, Yuvraj, who had once plotted to kill Aarti as revenge against Anjali for all the past humiliations.

Chandrabhan and Yuvraj believed that Aarti had died in the accident they had orchestrated, the same incident that left Anjali catatonic and claimed the life of her husband, Aman.

What Ganesh and Sapna never knew was that both Chandrabhan and Yuvraj were involved in the tragedy. On the day of the accident, Ganesh had overheard Yuvraj speaking on the phone with his father, Chandrabhan, well plotting to kill Aarti. But he could not clearly recognize whose voice it was.

Driven by a strong sense of justice, Aarti is determined to uncover the truth behind her father, Aman's death and her mother, Anjali's condition. But she remains unaware of her father's identity and paternal lineage, as neither her grandparents, Ganesh and Sapna, nor the former maid of the Rajput family, Padman had ever revealed this to her.

The secrecy stems from the Rajput family itself. Except for Aarti's aunts, Mehek and Saniya, her great-aunt, Nivedita and her great-uncle, Gaurav, they had severed all ties with the Awasthi family. They had blamed Anjali for Aman's death and had rejected Aarti solely because she is Anjali's daughter, completely disregarding the fact that she was also Aman's daughter. But in truth, Anjali is not responsible for Aman's demise at all, he had simply been in the wrong place at the wrong time.

This bitterness is fueled by the way Raghav and the Rajput family, excluding Gaurav, Mehek, Nivedita, and Saniya, have mistreated Ganesh, Sapna and Anjali. Wrongfully blaming Anjali for Aman's death, they had turned their backs on her and had rejected Aarti altogether.

Aarti begins to investigate the recent human trafficking incidents, in order to gather evidence that could help send the masterminds to prison, during her investigation, she saves a woman, named Kali from the traffickers and takes her to the Awasthi home for safety. Later, Aarti encounters Ved Rajavanshi and they both develop romantic feelings towards each other.

Meanwhile, Anjali begins to slowly recover from her catatonic state, gradually regaining the ability to move, walk and speak once again.

One day, Kavya sees Aarti and mistakes her for Anjali. Terrified, she realizes that if Anjali has truly recovered, she could gather solid evidence against her brother, Yuvraj and send him to prison. Anjali had witnessed Yuvraj driving the truck just moments before it crashed into the car carrying her and Aman, an accident that left her incapacitated and ultimately caused Aman's death. Yuvraj's impulsive and reckless nature, often leaving behind incriminating clues, makes this possibility all the more dangerous for him.

Anjali might also uncover the truth about Kavya's father, Chandrabhan, who was an accomplice in the same incident. If exposed, this could lead to his imprisonment as well, since both Yuvraj and Chandrabhan remain her only known enemies with clear motives to harm her, especially after their failed attempt to kill her daughter, Aarti.

When Kavya informs her father, Chandrabhan that Anjali has awakened from her catatonic state, Chandrabhan grows anxious and decides to see for himself. Visiting her home, he stabs her in the leg, only to find her unresponsive. Convinced that Kavya was imagining things, he leaves, unaware that the person that Kavya had actually seen was not Anjali at all, but her daughter, Aarti.

==Cast==
===Main===
*Shritama Mitra as
**Advocate Anjali Awasthi Singh Rajput: An aggressive, honest and strong-willed lawyer; Ganesh and Sapna's younger daughter; Gini's estranged sister; Aman's wife; Abhay's ex-fiancé; Aarti's mother (2024–present)
**Aarti Singh Rajput Rajavanshi: An aggressive, honest and weak-willed reporter; Anjali and Aman's daughter; Abhay's estranged niece turned step-daughter; Ved's wife (2025–present)
*Ankit Raizada as Advocate Aman Singh Rajput: An honest and strong-willed lawyer; Raghav and Nandini's younger son; Abhay and Mehek's brother; Ishani, Avni and Saniya's cousin; Anjali's husband; Aarti's father (2024–2025)
**Harpreet Singh replaced Raizada as Aman Singh Rajput (2026-present)
*[[Puneett Chouksey]] as Ved Rajavanshi: A remorseful and former unwilling human trafficker; Hina and Pratap's estranged son; Sonal's estranged brother; Aarti's husband; Kali's fake husband (2025–present)

===Recurring===
*Ashim Mukhopadhyay as Advocate Ganesh Awasthi: An honest and weak-willed lawyer; Sapna's husband; Gini's estranged father and Anjali's father; Aarti's grandfather (2024–present)
*Priya Rore as Gini Awasthi/Rani Mojumdar: Ganesh and Sapna's estranged elder daughter; Anjali's estranged sister; Abhay and Damodar's ex-wife; Aarti's estranged aunt Padma's kidnapper (2024–present)
*Shoma Akarshan as Sapna Awasthi: Ganesh's wife; Gini's estranged mother and Anjali's mother; Aarti's grandmother (2024–2025)
*Umesh Ghadge as Advocate Raghav Singh Rajput: A dishonest lawyer; Gaurav and Vaibhav's brother; Nandini's husband; Abhay, Aman and Mehek's father; Aarti's grandfather; Anjali's well-wisher turned enemy (2024–present)
*Ishrat Khan as Nandini Singh Rajput: Raghav's wife; Abhay, Aman and Mehek's mother; Aarti's grandmother; Anjali's enemy (2024–2025)
*Vicky Singh Kashyap as Abhay Singh Rajput: Raghav and Nandini's elder son; Aman and Mehek's brother; Ishani, Avni and Saniya's cousin; Anjali's obsessive one-sided love interest and fiancé; Gini's estranged ex-husband; Aarti's estranged uncle (2024–present)
*Arsh Merchant as Vaibhav Singh Rajput: Raghav and Gaurav's estranged brother; Sadkika's husband; Ishani and Avni's father; Anjali's enemy (2024–present)
*Shampa Banerjee as Sadkika Singh Rajput: Vaibhav's wife; Ishani and Avni's mother; Anjali's enemy (2024–present)
*Koushiki Basu as Ishani Singh Rajput: Sadkika and Vaibhav's elder daughter; Avni's sister; Abhay, Saniya, Aman and Mehek's cousin; Anjali's enemy (2024–2025)
*Srijita Chakraborty as Avni Singh Rajput: Sadkika and Vaibhav's younger daughter; Ishani's sister; Abhay, Saniya, Aman and Mehek's cousin; Anjali's well-wisher (2024–2025)
*[[Bhaswar Chatterjee]] as Gaurav Singh Rajput: Raghav and Vaibhav's estranged brother; Nivedita's husband; Saniya's father; Anjali's well-wisher (2024–present)
*Meghna Halder as Nivedita Singh Rajput: Gaurav's wife; Saniya's mother; Anjali's enemy turned well-wisher (2024–present)
*Rupsha Chatterjee as Saniya Singh Rajput: Gaurav and Nivedita's daughter; Abhay, Ishani, Avni, Aman and Mehek's cousin; Bhajan's estranged wife; Anjali's well-wisher (2024–present)
*Ajay Dutta as Uday Rajvanshi: A corrupt businessman and former human trafficker; Pratap's brother (2025–present)
*Sonnal Mishra as Sonal Rajvanshi: Hina and Pratap's daughter; Ved's estranged sister (2025–present)
*Manoj Kaushik as Pratap Rajvanshi: A corrupt businessman and former human trafficker; Uday's brother; Hina's husband; Ved and Sonal's father (2025–present)
*Anshul Bammi as Yuvraj Thakur: A criminal; Chandrabhan and Rati's son; Kavya's brother; Mehek's estranged husband; Aman's murderer; Anjali's enemy (2024–present)
*[[Bharat Kaul]] as Chandrabhan Thakur: A corrupt former politician turned human trafficker; Rati's husband; Yuvraj and Kavya's father; Aman's co-murderer; Anjali's enemy (2024–present)
*Indrakshi Dey as Kavya Thakur: Chandrabhan and Rati's daughter; Yuvraj's sister; Aman's former one-sided obsessive love interest; Anjali's enemy (2024–present)
*Nagina Bopche as Mehek Singh Rajput Thakur: Raghav and Nandini's daughter; Abhay and Aman's sister; Ishani, Avni and Saniya's cousin; Yuvraj's estranged wife; Anjali's well wisher turned enemy (2024–present)
*Tapasya Dasgupta as Rati Thakur: Chandrabhan's wife; Yuvraj and Kavya's mother (2024–present)
*Aman Mishra as Advocate Bhajan Singh: A dishonest lawyer; Saniya's estranged husband; Aman's co-murderer; Anjali's enemy (2024–present)
*Aniruddh Roy as Prakash Tripathy: Anjali's enemy (2025 ; 2026-present)
* Mahananda Kar as Deepika Sharma: Prakash's former partner; Anjali's enemy turned well wisher (2025-present)
*Abhishek Singh as Dharamraj Ahuja: A corrupt politician; Anjali's enemy (2026–present)
*[[Shailesh Lodha]] as Advocate Ramesh Patel: An honest lawyer; Raghav's friend; Anjali's well wisher (2024; 2026–present)
*[[Sujan Mukherjee (actor)|Sujan Mukherjee]] as Damodar Majumdar: A crime lord; Gini's ex husband; Anjali's enemy (2025–2026)
*Vikkas Pareeck as ACP Pankaj Purohit: An honest and strong-willed police inspector; Anjali's friend and well-wisher; Vidyut's former superior officer and enemy; Yuvraj's enemy (2024–present)
*Yukta Upadhyay/Kashika Sisodia as Padma Rajak: The Rajput family's former maid; Anjali, Aman and Aarti's well-wisher (2024–2025)/(2025–present)
*Simran Singh as Kali: Aarti's well-wisher turned enemy; Ved's fake wife and one-sided obsessive love interest (2025–2026)
* Sakshi Parihar as Sakshi Chaudhary (2026–present)

====Guest appearances====
*[[Kanwar Dhillon]] as Sachin Deshmukh from ''[[Udne Ki Aasha]]'' (2025)

==Reception==
The Show Opened With TRP of 2.2 making its way in top 5 shows.In Week 32, the show was included among the top five in the [[Target rating point|TRP]] charts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-16 |title=TRP Race Week 32: New Show Advocate Anjali Awasthi Makes A Stunning Top 5 Entry |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/trp-race-week-32-new-show-advocate-anjali-awasthi-makes-a-stunning-top-5-entry-article-112562342 |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> A week later, it dropped to 6th place with a 2.1 rating.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-22 |title=TRP Race Week 33: Advocate Anjali Awasthi In Top 10, Anupamaa Stays Strong On Number 1 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/trp-race-week-33-advocate-anjali-awasthi-in-top-10-anupamaa-stays-strong-on-number-1-article-112717483 |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/advocate-anjali-awasthi/1271325513 Advocate Anjali Awasthi] on [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
*{{IMDb title|34230220}}

{{StarPlus Shows}}

[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:StarPlus original programming]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian legal television series]]
[[Category:Indian thriller television series]]
[[Category:Indian romance television series]]

Adoni Rural mandal

2026-05-06T14:23:11Z

Jameshowlett179011: put up some stub basic info

{{Short description|Mandal in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Adoni-2 mandal
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15|37|28|N|77|16|23|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in Andhra Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
| subdivision_type3 = Headquarters
| subdivision_name3 = [[Adoni]]
| mapframe = yes
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +05:30
}}

'''Adoni-2 mandal''' is one of the [[mandal]]s in [[Kurnool district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is a part of [[Adoni revenue division]].

== History ==
The mandal carved out from [[Adoni mandal]] which was made part of the [[Kurnool district]] on 31 December 2025.<ref name="districts-20251231">{{Cite news |title=Andhra News:కొత్త జిల్లాలు పోలవరం, మార్కాపురం |date=2025-12-30 |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/andhra-pradesh/ap-cabinet--approves-formation-of-two-new-districts/1799/125240498 |access-date=2026-02-16 |work=Eenadu|lang=te}}</ref>

== Villages in the Mandal ==

=== Revenue villages ===
The Revenue Villages of This mandal are <ref name="districts-20260216">{{Cite news |title= 2 ఆదోని మండలాలు|date=2025-12-30 |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/districts/kurnool-news/7/125240353|access-date=2026-02-16 |work=Eenadu|lang=te}}</ref> :
# Pedda Harivanam
# Santekudluru
# Yadavalle
# Baladur
# Chinna Gonehal
# Chinna Harivanam
# Madire
# Kadithota
# Hanavalu
# G. Hosalli
# Basapuram
# V. Kondapuram
# Naganathanahalli
# Naranapuram
# Chagi
# Dhanapuram
# Ganekal
# Ballekallu
# Pandavagallu
# Kuppagallu
# Jalibenchi
# Pedda Thumbalam

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Kurnool district}}

[[Category:Mandals in Kurnool district]]
[[Category:2025 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]

{{AndhraPradesh-geo-stub}}

T. Arumugam (Thiruvottiyur MLA)

2026-04-30T02:25:35Z

Jameshowlett179011: added new post added tags

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = T. Arumugam
| image =
| image size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1962|1|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ennore]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office1 = Member-Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
| constituency1 = [[Thiruvottiyur Assembly constituency|Thiruvottiyur]]
| term_start1 = 2001
| term_end1 = 2006
| predecessor1 = [[T. C. Vijayan]]
| successor1 = [[K. P. P. Samy]]
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| successor2 =
| term_start3 =
| term_end3 =
| term_start4 =
| term_end4 =
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| spouse =
| alma_mater =
| relations =
| children =
| profession = Fishermen
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| website =
}}
'''T. Arumugam''' is an [[Indian politician]] and a former Member of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]. He hails from the Nettukuppam area of [[Chennai district]]. A Bachelor's degree holder, Arumugam belongs to the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) party.<ref>Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly "WHO'S WHO Twelfth Assembly 2001. Chennai-600009: Legislature Assembly Secretariat, Chennai-600009. April 2002. p. 49-51.</ref> In the [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]s, he contested from the [[Thiruvottiyur Assembly constituency]] and emerged victorious to become an MLA. In this election, he defeated [[Kumari Ananthan]], who contested as an independent candidate, by a margin of 34,041 votes.<ref>https://www.oneindia.com/thiruvottiyur-assembly-elections-tn-10/</ref>

==Electoral Performance==
===2001===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruvottiyur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=T. Arumugam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=113,808 |percentage=54.94% |change=+32.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Kumari Ananthan]] |party=Independent politician |votes=79,767 |percentage=38.50% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. G. Sekar |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=8,483 |percentage=4.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Bullet J. Selvaraj |party=Independent politician |votes=2,221 |percentage=1.07% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Gunasekaran |party=Janata Dal (Secular) |votes=1,446 |percentage=0.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=34,041 |percentage=16.43% |change= -25.10% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=207,167 |percentage=47.85% |change= -10.10% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 432,947 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -9.25% }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian politicians]]
[[Category:People from Chennai]]
[[Category:Fishermen]]

Thakor Laxmanji Punjaji

2026-04-21T23:42:47Z

Jameshowlett179011: added some article w/ refs

{{short description|Indian Bharatiya Janata Party politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| birth_name = Thakor Laxmanji Punjaji
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth based on age as of date|54|2022|12|1}}{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = Member of [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Kalol, Gandhinagar Assembly constituency|Kalol]]
| term_start = 2022
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Baldevji Chanduji Thakor]]
| successor =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse =
| children =
| alma_mater =
}}

'''Thakor Laxmanji Punjaji''' (born 1967 or 1968){{citation needed|date=April 2025}} is an Indian politician from Gujarat. He is a member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from [[Kalol, Gandhinagar Assembly constituency]] since 2022 representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Thakor Laxmanji Punjaji (Bakaji): Gujarat Assembly Election Results Live, Candidates News, Videos, Photos |language=en |work=News18 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/gujarat/thakor-laxmanji-punjaji-(bakaji)-kalol-candidate-s06a038c01/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Thakor Laxmanji Punjaji (bakaji)-लक्ष्मणजी पुंजाजी (बकाजी) ठाकोर Bjp Candidate Kalol Election Result 2022 |language=hi |work=Amar Ujala |url=https://www.amarujala.com/election/vidhan-sabha-elections/gujarat/candidates/thakor-laxmanji-punjaji-(bakaji)-bjp-2022-kalol-38-gujarat}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Thakor Laxmanji Punjaji Bakaji Election Results 2022: News, Votes, Results of Gujarat Assembly |language=en |work=NDTV.com |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election-candidates-list-2022/thakor-laxmanji-punjaji-bakaji--06038-6}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Punjaji, Thakor Laxmanji}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Gujarat-BJP-politician-stub}}

Sunke Ravi Shankar

2026-04-21T22:49:29Z

Jameshowlett179011: added a data with sources

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sunke Ravi Shankar
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image = Sunke Ravi Shankar.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1970|6|30|df=y}}
| birth_place = Boorgupalli Village, Gangadhara Mandal, [[Karimnagar district|Karimnagar District]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = Member of [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 11 December 2018
| term_end = 3 December 2023
| predecessor = [[Bodige Shobha]]
| successor = [[Medipally Sathyam]]
| constituency = [[Choppadandi Assembly constituency|Choppadandi]]
| party = [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|BRS]]
| other_party =
| spouse = Deevana
| children = 1 Son & 2 Daughters
| parents = Sunke Raghavulu, Rajamma
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}
'''Sunke Ravi Shankar''' is an Indian politician from [[Telangana]]. He was elected as member of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]] from [[Choppadandi Assembly constituency]] in [[Karimnagar district]] in [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018 Telangana Assembly elections]].<ref name="MLA Sunke Ravishankar promises to develop Choppadandi on all fronts">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=MLA Sunke Ravishankar promises to develop Choppadandi on all fronts |url=https://telanganatoday.com/mla-sunke-ravishankar-promises-to-develop-choppadandi-on-all-fronts |access-date=3 July 2025 |publisher=Telangana Today |date=21 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250703152345/https://telanganatoday.com/mla-sunke-ravishankar-promises-to-develop-choppadandi-on-all-fronts |archive-date=3 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Political career==
Sunke Ravi Shankar began his political career in 2001 by joining [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] and served as TRS State SC Cell Chairman.<ref name="Former Choppadandi MLABodige Shobha's ‘arrogance’ may cost her a TRS ticket">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Former Choppadandi MLABodige Shobha's 'arrogance' may cost her a TRS ticket |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2018/Oct/05/former-choppadandi-mlabodige-shobhas-arrogance-may-cost-her-a-trs-ticket-1881279.html |access-date=3 July 2025 |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=5 October 2018 |archive-date= |language=en}}</ref> He contested the [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Choppadandi Assembly constituency|Choppadandi Constituency]] and won by a huge margin of 42,127 votes, defeating [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] candidate [[Medipally Sathyam]]<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9691-telangana-general-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Telangana General Legislative Election 2018 - Statistical Report |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 20 February 2022}}</ref> and lost in [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023 Assembly election]] to his nearest rival [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] candidate [[Medipally Sathyam]] by a margin of 37,439 votes.<ref name="Telangana Assembly Election Results 2023: Choppadandi">{{cite news |title=Telangana Assembly Election Results 2023: Choppadandi |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S2927.htm |access-date=10 March 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250310162749/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S2927.htm |archive-date=10 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Choppadandi Constituency Election Results 2023">{{cite news |title=Choppadandi Constituency Election Results 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/telangana/constituency-show/choppadandi |access-date=10 March 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250310162845/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/telangana/constituency-show/choppadandi |archive-date=10 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Bharat Rashtra Samithi politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:People from Karimnagar district]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Telangana]]

Trimeresurus labialis

2026-04-19T10:33:34Z

Jameshowlett179011: added initial biography needs work

{{Short description|Species of snake}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| status = CR
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn" />
| genus = Trimeresurus
| species = labialis
| authority = [[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1867
| synonyms = * ''Bothrophis labialis'' [[Leopold Fitzinger|Fitzinger]], 1861 ''([[nomen nudum]])''
*''Trimeresurus labialis'' Steindachner, 1867
*''Trim''[''eresurus'']. ''mutabilis'' [[Ferdinand Stoliczka|Stoliczka]], 1870<ref name="McD99">[[:fr:Roy Wallace McDiarmid|McDiarmid RW]], [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], Touré TA (1999). ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1''. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref>
*''Trimeresurus labialis'' — [[Malcolm Arthur Smith|M.A. Smith]], 1943
*''Cryptelytrops labialis'' — Malhotra & Thorpe, 2004
*''Trimeresurus (Trimeresurus) labialis'' — David et al., 2011<ref>"''Trimeresurus labialis'' ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.</ref>
}}

'''''Trimeresurus labialis''''', commonly called '''''Nicobar bamboo pit viper''''',<ref name=Gum04>Gumprecht A, Tillack F, [[Nikolai Liutsianovich Orlov|Orlov NL]], [[Ashok Captain|Captain A]], Ryabov S (2004). ''Asian Pitvipers''. First Edition. Berlin: Geitje Books. 368 pp. {{ISBN|3-937975-00-4}}.</ref> is a [[venomous snake|venomous]] [[pit viper]] [[species]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Nicobar Islands]] of [[India]]. No [[subspecies]] are currently recognized. Based on IUCN assessment in 2021, this viper is classified as [[critically endangered]].<ref name=ITIS>{{ITIS|id=634920|taxon=''Trimeresurus labialis ''|accessdate=27 September 2006}}</ref><ref name="iucn">{{Cite report |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/194061/2295688 |title=Trimeresurus labialis: Mohapatra, P.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T194061A2295688 |last=IUCN |date=2019-09-07 |publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature |doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t194061a2295688.en |language=en}}</ref>

==Geographic range==
Found only in the [[Nicobar Islands]] of [[India]]. The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] given is ''"den Nikobaren"''.<ref name=McD99/>

==Description==
Males may attain a total length of {{cvt|42|cm}}, with a tail {{cvt|8|cm}} long; females, total length {{cvt|44|cm}}, tail {{cvt|7|cm}}.

Dorsally, ''T. labialis'' is brown, either light or dark, with or without darker spots or transverse bars. It may have a light streak on each side of the head, beginning at the snout, continuing under the eye, to the neck. Ventrally, it is also brown.

The dorsal scales are smooth, and are usually in 23 rows at midbody. Ventrals: 158-170 in males; 154-174 in females. Subcaudals: 60-65 in males; 46-57 in females. The subcaudals are usually double, but there may be some interspersed singles.<ref>[[Malcolm Arthur Smith|Smith MA]] (1943). ''The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes''. London: Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and Francis, Printers). xii + 583 pp. (''Trimeresurus labialis'', pp. 525-526).</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
*Das I (1999). "Biogeography of the amphibians and reptiles of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India". pp. 43–77. '''''In'':''' Ota H (editor) (1999). ''Tropical Island Herpetofauna ...'' Amsterdam: Elsevier. 353 pp. {{ISBN|978-0444501950}}.
*[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner, F]] (1867). "''Reptilien'' ". pp. 1–98. '''''In'':''' [[Bernhard von Wüllerstorf-Urbair|von Wüllerstorf-Urbair B]] (1867) ["1869" on title page]. ''Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair (Zoologie)'', [Vol. 1, part 3]. Vienna: K. Gerold's Sohn/Kaiserlich-Königl. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei. (''Trimeresurus labialis'', new species, p. 86 + Plate III, figures 1 & 2) (in German).
*[[Ferdinand Stoliczka|Stoliczka F]] (1870). "Observations on some Indian and Malayan Amphibia and Reptilia". ''Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Fourth Series'' '''6''': 105-109. (''Trimeresurus mutabilis'', new species, p. 108).
{{refend}}

==External links==
*{{NRDB species|genus=Trimeresurus|species=labialis|date=28 November|year=2012}}
{{Trimeresurus}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3007690}}

[[Category:Reptiles described in 1867]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Nicobar Islands]]
[[Category:Snakes of India]]
[[Category:Trimeresurus|labialis]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Franz Steindachner]]

Dabwali Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T08:55:56Z

Jameshowlett179011: made a bio more to come

{{Short description|Constituency of the Haryana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dabwali Assembly constituency
| type = SLA
| map_image = Dabwali Assembly constituency map.svg
| mla = [[Aditya Devilal]]
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Lok Dal}}
| alliance = 
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| region =
| state = [[Haryana]]
| district =
| division =
| constituency_no = 43
| established = 
| electors = 2,07,272
| reservation = None
| loksabha_cons = [[Sirsa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sirsa]]
| abolished = 
}}
'''Dabwali Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies in the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]] of [[Haryana]], a state in northwest [[India]]. Dabwali is also part of [[Sirsa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sirsa Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ECI-20081126">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=2008-11-26|publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref>[http://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/dabwali.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Dabwali Assembly constituency]</ref>

Aditya Chautala is the current MLA from Dabwali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dabwali Constituency Election Results 2024: Dabwali Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/haryana/constituency-show/dabwali |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dabwali Assembly constituency Election Result 2024 - Candidates, MLAs, Live Updates & News |url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/dabwali.html |access-date= |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| Kesra Ram
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]]
| Teja Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Govardhan Dass Chauhan
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| Mani Ram
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
| Govardhan Dass Chouhan
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
| Mani Ram
| {{Full party name with color|Lok Dal}}
|-
| [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| [[Santosh Chauhan Sarwan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| Mani Ram
| {{Full party name with color|Samata Party}}
|-
| [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| rowspan=2|Sita Ram
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|-
| [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[Ajay Singh Chautala]]
|-
| [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Naina Singh Chautala]]
|-
|[[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| Amit Sihag|[[Amit Sihag]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Aditya Devilal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal}}
|}

== Election results ==

===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Dabwali<ref name="Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Dabwali">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Dabwali |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-S0743.htm |accessdate=2 November 2024 |date=8 October 2024}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Aditya Devilal]] |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=56,074 |percentage=34.42% |change={{increase}}28.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Amit Sihag]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=55,464 |percentage=34.04% |change={{decrease}}8.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Digvijay Singh Chautala |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=35,261 |percentage=21.64% |change={{increase}}7.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baldev Singh Mangiana |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,139 |percentage=4.38% |change={{decrease}}28.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kuldeep Singh Gadrana |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=6,606 |percentage=4.05% |change={{increase}}3.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=856 |percentage=0.53% |change={{decrease}}0.41 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=610 |percentage=0.37% |change= {{decrease}}9.58 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,62,933 |percentage=78.44% |change= {{decrease}}0.41 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,07,272 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.23 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}8.15 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Dabwali<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate= 2 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Amit Sihag]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=66,885 |percentage=42.57 |change={{increase}}4.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Aditya Devilal]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=51,238|percentage=32.61|change={{increase}}18.34}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Saravjit Singh Masitan|party=Jannayak Janta Party|votes=23,002|percentage=14.64|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dr. Sita Ram|party=Indian National Lok Dal|votes=8,825|percentage=5.62|change={{decrease}}37.98}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nota|party=None of the above|votes=1,477|percentage=0.94|change={{decrease}}0.05}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Subhash Chander|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=1,290|percentage=0.82|change={{increase}}0.11}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Malkeet Singh|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=1,276|percentage=0.81|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sant Lal|party=Loktanter Suraksha Party|votes=1,038|percentage=0.66|change=''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,647 |percentage=9.96 |change= {{increase}}4.48 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,57,136|percentage=78.85|change={{decrease}}7.40}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,99,291 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.15 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= {{decrease}}1.03 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Dabwali<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS07.htm?st=S07|title=Haryana Results|access-date=19 October 2014|archive-date=16 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216120445/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS074.htm?ac=4|url-status=dead|website=Election Commission of India, Constituencywise-All Candidates }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Naina Singh Chautala]] |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=68,029 |percentage=43.60 |change={{decrease}}3.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Kamalvir Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=59,484 |percentage=38.12 |change={{decrease}}0.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dev Kumar Sharma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=22,261 |percentage=14.27 |change={{increase}}13.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,549 |percentage=0.99 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lilu Ram Assa Khera |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,115 |percentage=0.71 |change={{decrease}}1.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nirmal Bishnoi |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=1,012 |percentage=0.65 |change={{decrease}}0.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagvinder Singh |party=Haryana Lokhit Party |votes=904 |percentage=0.58 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,545 |percentage=5.48 |change= {{decrease}}3.40 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,56,042 |percentage=86.25 |change= {{decrease}}1.09 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,80,921 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.79 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= {{decrease}}3.94 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Dabwali}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ajay Singh Chautala]] |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=64,868 |percentage=47.54 |change={{decrease}}1.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Kamalvir Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=52,760 |percentage=38.66 |change={{decrease}}3.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ravinder Singh Chautala |party=Independent politician |votes=8,344 |percentage=6.11 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Preet Mahender Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,240 |percentage=2.37 |change={{decrease}}0.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdev Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,679 |percentage=1.96 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kuldeep Singh |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=1,916 |percentage=1.40 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Renu |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,056 |percentage=0.77 |change={{decrease}}2.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajbir Singh |party=Smast Bhartiya Party |votes=774 |percentage=0.57 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,108 |percentage=8.87 |change= {{increase}}1.06 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,36,459 |percentage=87.34 |change= {{increase}}9.73 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,56,245 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.05 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= {{decrease}}1.95 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2005 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Dabwali<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016121341/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html#inc |archive-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |title= Winning Candidate List for Haryana State Assembly Elections 2005 |publisher=Indian Elections }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Sita Ram |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=50,840 |percentage=49.49 |change={{decrease}}12.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagan Nath |party=Indian National Congress |votes=42,815 |percentage=41.68 |change={{increase}}12.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagtar Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,405 |percentage=3.31 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Majer Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,729 |percentage=2.66 |change={{decrease}}3.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganpat Ram |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,253 |percentage=1.22 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Darshana Devi |party=Independent politician |votes=950 |percentage=0.92 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajender Kaur |party=Lok Dal |votes=733 |percentage=0.71 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,025 |percentage=7.81 |change= {{decrease}}24.60 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,02,725 |percentage=77.61 |change= {{increase}}7.56 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,32,360 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.33 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= {{decrease}}12.56 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2000 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Dabwali}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Sita Ram |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=51,672 |percentage=62.05 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Labh Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,679 |percentage=29.63 |change={{increase}}7.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Major Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=5,153 |percentage=6.19 |change={{decrease}}2.8 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Het Ram |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=667 |percentage=0.80 |change={{decrease}}24.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Babu Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=586 |percentage=0.70 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parkash Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=473 |percentage=0.57 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=26,993 |percentage=32.41 |change= {{increase}}21.78 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=83,279 |percentage=70.55 |change= {{decrease}}2.98 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,18,887 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.62 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Samata Party |swing= {{increase}}26.24 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Dabwali}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mani Ram |party=Samata Party |votes=29,434 |percentage=35.81 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagsir Singh |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=20,697 |percentage=25.18 |change={{increase}}23.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Labh Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,379 |percentage=22.36 |change={{decrease}}21.8 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lilu Ram Assa Khera |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=7,386 |percentage=8.98 |change={{increase}}0.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Piara Singh |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=1,115 |percentage=1.36 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harvansh Kaur |party=Independent politician |votes=672 |percentage=0.82 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Joginder Singh S/O Shoba Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=649 |percentage=0.79 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Angrej Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=635 |percentage=0.77 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sukhdev |party=Independent politician |votes=533 |percentage=0.65 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Piare Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=466 |percentage=0.57 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kalu Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=435 |percentage=0.53 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,737 |percentage=10.63 |change= {{decrease}}6.68 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=82,205 |percentage=75.98 |change= {{increase}}9.06 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,12,560 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}1.56 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Samata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}8.35 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1991 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Dabwali}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Santosh Chauhan Sarwan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=32,296 |percentage=44.15 |change={{increase}}18.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gain Chand |party=Janata Party |votes=19,637 |percentage=26.85 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suraj Bhan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=5,957 |percentage=8.14 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhai Devi Lal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,481 |percentage=7.49 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surjit Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,369 |percentage=4.61 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kalu Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=3,126 |percentage=4.27 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajinder Kumar Chauhan |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=1,163 |percentage=1.59 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bimla Devi |party=Independent politician |votes=526 |percentage=0.72 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,659 |percentage=17.31 |change= {{decrease}}21.70 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=73,143 |percentage=65.48 |change= {{decrease}}8.95 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,14,343 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.24 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Lokdal |swing= {{decrease}}20.56 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Dabwali}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mani Ram |party=Lokdal |votes=47,652 |percentage=64.72 |change={{increase}}17.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Govardhan Dass Chauhan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,930 |percentage=25.71 |change={{decrease}}21.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mukha |party=Independent politician |votes=2,733 |percentage=3.71 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suraj Bhan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,299 |percentage=3.12 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kewal Krishan |party=Independent politician |votes=363 |percentage=0.49 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=28,722 |percentage=39.01 |change= {{increase}}38.06 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=73,630 |percentage=73.89 |change= {{increase}}3.01 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,00,972 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.59 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}17.03 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Dabwali}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Govardhan Dass Chauhan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,234 |percentage=47.69 |change={{increase}}15.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mani Ram |party=Lokdal |votes=26,694 |percentage=46.74 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sahib Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,053 |percentage=1.84 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gurnam Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=686 |percentage=1.20 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jasa Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=479 |percentage=0.84 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nopa Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=352 |percentage=0.62 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rameshwar Dass |party=Independent politician |votes=298 |percentage=0.52 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=540 |percentage=0.95 |change= {{decrease}}18.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=57,112 |percentage=71.30 |change= {{increase}}11.50 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,696 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.18 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}3.48 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Dabwali}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mani Ram |party=Janata Party |votes=21,017 |percentage=51.17 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Govardhan Dass Chauhan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,032 |percentage=31.73 |change={{decrease}}47.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gurdial Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,981 |percentage=9.69 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ajit Kumar Rangila |party=Independent politician |votes=2,576 |percentage=6.27 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mool Chand Joyia |party=Independent politician |votes=467 |percentage=1.14 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,985 |percentage=19.44 |change= {{decrease}}50.71 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=41,073 |percentage=59.05 |change= {{increase}}4.40 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 70,317 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.59 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}28.41 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Dabwali}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Govardhan Dass Chauhan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,086 |percentage=79.58 |change={{increase}}46.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gurdial Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,209 |percentage=9.43 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nopa Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=2,714 |percentage=7.97 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sarswati Devi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,026 |percentage=3.01 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,877 |percentage=70.15 |change= {{increase}}65.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=34,035 |percentage=55.17 |change= {{decrease}}2.47 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 63,016 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.65 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}41.84 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1968 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Dabwali}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Teja Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=11,925 |percentage=37.74 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kesra Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,477 |percentage=33.16 |change={{decrease}}13.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Basti |party=Independent politician |votes=8,337 |percentage=26.39 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Chander |party=Independent politician |votes=856 |percentage=2.71 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,448 |percentage=4.58 |change= {{increase}}1.93 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=31,595 |percentage=57.88 |change= {{decrease}}4.34 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,941 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.73 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}8.66 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Dabwali}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kesra Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,221 |percentage=46.41 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Chander |party=Independent politician |votes=14,351 |percentage=43.75 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Ram |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes=1,502 |percentage=4.58 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,243 |percentage=3.79 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Began |party=Independent politician |votes=483 |percentage=1.47 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=870 |percentage=2.65 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=32,800 |percentage=64.80 |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 53,928 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==

* [[Dabwali]]
* [[Sirsa district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Haryana Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Haryana constituencies}}
{{Haryana}}

{{coord|29.963|74.702|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana]]
[[Category:Sirsa district]]
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]

Transport in Mysore

2026-04-17T11:58:07Z

Jameshowlett179011: added the data and citations

{{Short description|Transport system in Mysore city}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
[[File:Volvo bus Mysore.jpg|thumb|Volvo Bus in Mysore]]
[[File:City bus in Mysore.jpg|thumb|[[Nagara Sarige|City bus]] in Mysore]]
[[Mysore]] is one of the most important cities in [[Karnataka]] due to its tourism and proximity with the capital city of [[Bangalore]]. It is the second largest urban agglomeration in the state of Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=List of cities with 1 lakh plus population}}</ref> It has a well established road and rail transport with other cities in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Location – Mysuru|url=https://www.investkarnataka.co.in/locations/mysuru/|access-date=2020-12-09|website=Invest Karnataka}}</ref>

== Roads ==
Mysore is connected by [[List of National Highways in India|National Highway]] NH-212 Kollegala to the state border town of [[Gundlupet]], where the road forks into the states of [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="nh">{{cite web|title=National Highways in Karnataka|url=http://www.kar.nic.in/pwd/mis2005/Map%201%20of%20MIS%20report.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615001645/http://www.kar.nic.in/pwd/mis2005/Map%201%20of%20MIS%20report.pdf|archive-date=15 June 2007|access-date=26 September 2007|work=The National Informatics Centre}}</ref>{{rp|1}} [[State Highway 17 (Karnataka)|State Highway 17]], which connects Mysore to Bangalore, was upgraded to a four-lane highway in 2006, reducing travel time between the two cities.<ref name="sh17">{{cite web|date=30 August 2006|title=Bangalore-Mysore journey to be faster|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/30/stories/2006083007330500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017032629/http://hindu.com/2006/08/30/stories/2006083007330500.htm|archive-date=17 October 2007|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=26 September 2007}}</ref> A project was planned in 1994 to construct a [[Bangalore–Mysore Infrastructure Corridor|new expressway]] to connect Bangalore and Mysore. After numerous legal hurdles, it remains unfinished {{as of|2012|lc=on}}.<ref name="nice">{{cite web|last=Rajendran|first=S|date=29 July 2007|title=International consortium ready to take up Bangalore-Mysore Expressway project|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/29/stories/2007072955031100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017032719/http://hindu.com/2007/07/29/stories/2007072955031100.htm|archive-date=17 October 2007|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=26 September 2007}}</ref><ref name="nice2012">{{cite web|date=11 March 2012|title=New expressway may link Mysore and Bangalore|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-11/bangalore/31145239_1_expressway-bangalore-mysore-infrastructure-corridor-mysore-and-bangalore|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217034159/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-11/bangalore/31145239_1_expressway-bangalore-mysore-infrastructure-corridor-mysore-and-bangalore|archive-date=17 February 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=11 March 2012}}</ref> State Highway 33 and [[National Highway 275 (India)|National Highway 275]] which connect Mysore to [[H D Kote]] and [[Mangalore]] respectively. Main road links from Mysore are Mysuru – Bengaluru and Ooty, Mysuru – Bannur and Kanakapura, Mysuru - Kollegala, Mysuru - MM Hills and Salem, Mysuru – Hunsur and Mangaluru and Mysuru – Heggadadevana Kote and Manantvady. Mysuru has approximately 2500 km of road network as of 2020.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-12-08|title=Beautiful Roads of Namma Mysuru|url=https://voiceofmysuru.in/2020/12/09/roads-of-mysuru/|access-date=2020-12-26|website=Voice of Mysuru|language=en}}</ref> The city has 3 ring road alignments with outer ring road being part of NH275. Important city roads are D.Devraj Urs Road, Sayyoji Rao Road, Irwin Road, Albert Victor Road and Krishnaraja Boulevard.<ref name=":0" />

==Local public transport==
[[File:RS Naidu Nagar Bus Station, Mysore.jpg|thumb|RS Naidunagar Bus Stand|left]]
The most popular mode of public transport in the city is KSRTC city buses coming under MCTD Division. Buses are available to all locations in the city as well as villages and towns outside the city. KSRTC MCTD Division has a fleet of around 500 buses. These buses are majorly semi low floor Non-AC city buses. Other buses include AC Volvo buses and older high floor buses.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2017/mar/01/mysores-sustainable-urban-public-transport-shows-the-way-1576035.html|title=Mysore's sustainable urban public transport shows the way|date=1 March 2017|newspaper=The New Indian Express|access-date=9 January 2020}}</ref> Mysore was the first city in [[India]] to implement Intelligent Transport System (ITS) with funding from [[World Bank]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mitra.ksrtc.in/MysoreMBus/abti.jsp|title=ITS}}</ref> There are 5 IMTC Bus stands in Mysore at Kuvempunagar, [[Rammanahalli|Sathgalli]], R.S Naidunagar, [[Yelwal]]a and [[Chamundi Hills]]. The main bus stand has 5 bays and 3 bays for suburban busses which ply to towns and villages of the district, Subways and free Wifi facilities.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lawrence Milton|date=Apr 6, 2011|title=The road to development {{!}} Mysuru News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/The-road-to-development/articleshow/7886423.cms|access-date=2020-12-09|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

Within the city, buses are cheap and popular means of transport, [[auto-rickshaw]]s are also available and ''[[Tonga (carriage)|tongas]]'' (horse-drawn carriages) are popular with tourists. Mysore also has a 42.5-kilometre (26.4 mi) long [[Mysore Ring Road|ring road]] that is being upgraded to six lanes by the [[Mysore Urban Development Authority|MUDA]].

The city has transport services from mobile based taxi services like [[Ola Cabs]], [[Uber]], Jugnoo as well. Also it has mobile based two wheeler taxi Rapido also mobile based self ride two wheeler scooters by Bounce and Vogo four wheeler self ride Zoom cars and many more.

=== Trin Trin PBS ===
[[File:Trin_Trin_Mysore.jpg|thumb|A bicycle docking station]]
A public [[bicycle-sharing system]], Trin Trin, funded partially by the United Nations is popular mode of transport.<ref name="Trin-Trin">{{cite web|date=3 June 2017|title=Trin Trin Bicycle system|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/mysuru-will-go-trin-trin-from-today/article18715152.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303214238/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/mysuru-will-go-trin-trin-from-today/article18715152.ece|archive-date=3 March 2018|access-date=3 June 2017|work=The Hindu}}</ref> It is a government project. It is the first public bike-sharing system throughout India. The key objective of Trin Trin is to encourage local commuters, as well as visitors, to use the bicycle in preference to motorized modes of travel and thereby help scale down the multifarious environmental and road-traffic hazards, enhance conveyance convenience, and make local daily commutes economical for the common citizen.

== Long distance road transport ==
[[File:Suburban Bus Station.jpg|thumb|Mysore Rural Bus Stand]]
Intercity buses are handled by KSRTC. All the intercity buses are operated through the [[Mysuru Sub Urban Bus Station]] which is the largest of its kind in Mysore. All kinds of services like Airavat,[[Airavat Club Class]], [[Rajahamsa Executive Class]], [[Ambaari Class]], Standard buses are available to almost every city in the state and some cities in the neighbouring states. There are buses every ten minutes to Bangalore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mysore Bus Timings {{!}} KSRTC Enquiry Numbers {{!}} KSRTC Reservation|url=https://www.inmysore.com/mysore-bus-timings|access-date=2020-12-09|website=www.inmysore.com}}</ref>

The KSRTC Rural Bus stand in Mysore hosts a shopping mall/complex with brands such as Reliance Smart, Reliance Digital etc.

Other private buses are also operated from agencies like SRS Travels, VRL Travels etc.

==Highways==
The National Highways passing through Mysore are

# [[National Highway 275 (India)]]
# [[National Highway 766 (India)]]
# [[National Highway 150A (India)]]

==Railways==
[[File:Clock Tower Mysore Rly Stn Karnataka Apr22 A7C 01904.jpg|left|thumb|Mysore Junction]]
[[Mysore Junction railway station]] is one of the most important stations in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Joshi|first=Vishwanath|title=20 COVID-19 Special Departures from Mysore SWR/South Western Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/mysuru-junction-mysore-mys/1430|access-date=2020-12-09|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> It is the headquarters of SWR Mysore Division.<ref>{{Cite web|title=South Western Railway|url=https://swr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,7,275,399|access-date=2020-12-09|website=swr.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref> Other railway stations in the city are Chamarajapuram and Ashokapuram.<ref>{{Cite web|last=xxx|title=2 COVID-19 Special Departures from Ashokapuram SWR/South Western Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/ashokapuram-ap/6929|access-date=2020-12-09|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> The railway station in Naganahalli Village will be made as satellite railway station to Mysore.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-20|title=Naganahalli Satellite Terminal DPR ready; awaits approval|url=https://starofmysore.com/naganahalli-satellite-terminal-dpr-ready-awaits-approval/|access-date=2020-12-09|website=Star of Mysore|language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File:Mysuru Railway Statiom 2020 01.jpg|thumb|Mysore Railway Station Platforms]]
[[Mysore railway station]] has three lines, connecting it to [[Bengaluru]], [[Mangalore]] and [[Chamarajanagar]]. Railway lines that connect the city to [[Chamarajanagara]] and [[Mangalore]] are unelectrified [[Single track (rail)|single track]] and the track that connects to [[Bengaluru]] is electrified [[double track]]. Fastest train to serve the station is [[Vande Bharat Express]].

==Air==
[[File:Mysore Airport.jpg|left|thumb|Mysore Airport Terminal]]
[[Mysore Airport]] is a domestic airport that serves the city and is located in Mandakalli village of Mysore. There are daily flights to [[Kempegowda International Airport]] [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], [[Chennai International Airport]], [[Kochi|Cochin]], [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport]] [[Hyderabad]], [[Belgaum Airport|Belgaum]], [[Dabolim Airport|Goa Airport]] and [[Mangalore International Airport]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Flightradar24|title=Live Flight Tracker - Real-Time Flight Tracker Map|url=https://www.flightradar24.com/data/airports/myq|access-date=2020-12-09|website=Flightradar24|language=en}}</ref>

Nearest international airport to Mysore is [[Kempegowda International Airport]] in Bangalore. Daily FlyBus services are available from Mysore directly to the Bangalore Airport. Flybuses are deluxe multi-axle [[volvo]] buses with chemical toilets.

Mysore Airport's passenger terminal occupies {{convert|3250|sqm}} and can hold a maximum of 200 passengers.<ref name="fewmonths">{{cite news|date=4 October 2010|title=Mysore airport resurrected|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/mysore-airport-resurrected-110100400066_1.html|access-date=21 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521213827/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/mysore-airport-resurrected-110100400066_1.html|archive-date=21 May 2016}}</ref> Volvo buses from Mysuru City Bus Stand are available 7 times a day before flight timings.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hub|first=Mysuru Infra|date=2020-12-13|title=Volvo bus service to Mysuru Airport - A step in the right direction|url=https://mysuruinfrahub.com/volvo-bus-service-to-mysuru-airport-a-step-in-the-right-direction/|access-date=2020-12-13|website=Mysuru Infra Hub|language=en-US}}</ref>

On 17 May 2018, central government gave permission to the above proposal and as per the plan the existing runway would be expanded to 2750 metres.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 May 2018|title=Runway Expansion, Underpass Near Mysore Airport Gets Nod|website=[[Star of Mysore]]|url=https://starofmysore.com/runway-expansion-underpass-near-mysore-airport-gets-nod/}}</ref> In 2020, it was announced that government has agreed to upgrade Mysore Airport to International Airport after runway expansion.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-11|title=Expand Mysore Airport runway to facilitate operation of Boeing planes|url=https://starofmysore.com/expand-mysore-airport-runway-to-facilitate-operation-of-boeing-planes/|access-date=2020-12-13|website=Star of Mysore|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Mysore Bus Station viewed from Taluk Road.jpg
File:KSRTC-MCTC-Bus.jpg
File:Fly Bus from KSRTC at KSRTC Central Bus stand Mysore..jpg
File:Garuda Mall, City Bus Station, Mysore.jpg
File:Mysore Railway Station (3).jpg
File:Mysuru Railway Station, Mysuru.jpg
File:Mysore Railway Station.jpg
File:Mysore Railway Station (1).jpg
File:Mysore Railway Station (2).jpg
File:Kalidasa Road, Mysore.jpg
File:Banni Mantap wall.jpg
File:Mysore Road, Nanjangud.jpg
File:Mysore ring road metagalli entry.jpg
File:Bangalore-Mysore road, July 2014.JPG
File:Sayaji Rao Road Mysore 01.jpg
File:Building on Irwin Road Mysore.jpg
File:Mysore road Columbia Asia hospital 1.jpg
File:KHB Colony Hootagalli.jpg
File:Mysore city Urs Road 1.jpg
File:Anjaneya Temple, Urs Road.jpg
File:Mysore railway station.JPG
File:Mysore Railway Station December 2019.jpg
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Transport in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Transport In Mysore}}
[[Category:Transport in Mysore| ]]

The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel

2026-04-10T17:59:45Z

Jameshowlett179011: added a data initial version

{{Short description|2011 British dramedy film directed by John Madden}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel
| image = The-best-exotic-marigold-hotel.jpg
| caption = British theatrical release poster
| director = [[John Madden (director)|John Madden]]
| producer = {{ubl|[[Graham Broadbent]]|[[Peter Czernin]]}}
| screenplay = [[Ol Parker]]
| based_on = {{Based on|''These Foolish Things''|[[Deborah Moggach]]}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Judi Dench]]|[[Bill Nighy]]|[[Penelope Wilton]]|[[Dev Patel]]|[[Celia Imrie]]|[[Ronald Pickup]]|[[Tom Wilkinson]]|[[Maggie Smith]]}}
| music = [[Thomas Newman]]
| cinematography = [[Ben Davis (cinematographer)|Ben Davis]]
| editing = Chris Gill
| studio = {{ubl|[[Dune Entertainment]]<ref name=bfi>{{cite web|title=The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2012)|website=British Film Institute (BFI)|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4f4bb5940ff36|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302190115/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4f4bb5940ff36|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 March 2017}}</ref>|[[Ingenious Media|Ingenious]]<ref name=bfi/>|[[Participant Media]]|[[Image Nation|Imagenation Abu Dhabi FZ]]|[[Blueprint Pictures]]}}
| distributor = [[Searchlight Pictures|Fox Searchlight Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2011|11|30|SIIdC|2012|02|24|United Kingdom}}
| runtime = 124 minutes
| country = {{ubl|United Kingdom<ref name=bfi/>|United States<ref name=bfi/>|United Arab Emirates<ref name=bfi/>}}
| language = English
| budget = $10 million<ref name="mojo">{{cite web | title=The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2012) | work=[[Box Office Mojo]] | url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=bestexoticmarigoldhotel.htm | access-date=8 October 2012 | archive-date=18 January 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118041133/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1412386/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
| gross = $136.8 million<ref name="mojo"/>
}}

'''''The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel''''' is a 2011 [[comedy drama]] film directed by [[John Madden (director)|John Madden]] and written by [[Ol Parker]], based on the 2004 novel ''These Foolish Things'' by [[Deborah Moggach]]. With an [[ensemble cast]] of [[Dev Patel]], [[Judi Dench]], [[Celia Imrie]], [[Bill Nighy]], [[Ronald Pickup]], [[Maggie Smith]], [[Tom Wilkinson]], and [[Penelope Wilton]], it follows a group of British [[pensioner]]s moving to a retirement hotel in India, run by the young and eager Sonny. The film was produced by [[Participant Media]] and Blueprint Pictures on a budget of $10 million.

Producers [[Graham Broadbent]] and [[Peter Czernin]] first saw the potential for a film in Deborah Moggach's novel with the idea of exploring the lives of the elderly beyond what one would expect of their age group. With the assistance of screenwriter Ol Parker, they came up with a script in which they take the older characters completely out of their element and involve them in a [[romantic comedy]].

[[Principal photography]] began on 10 October 2010 in India, and most of the filming took place in the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]], including the cities of [[Jaipur]] and [[Udaipur]]. [[Ravla Khempur]], an equestrian hotel which was originally the palace of a tribal chieftain in the village of [[Khempur]], was chosen as the site for the film hotel.

The film was released in the United Kingdom on 24 February 2012 and received positive reception from critics; ''The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel'' opened to strong box-office earnings in the United Kingdom, and topped the box office after its second weekend on release. It became a [[Sleeper hit|surprise box-office hit]] following its international release, eventually grossing nearly $137 million worldwide.

It was ranked among the highest-grossing 2012 releases in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, and as one of the highest-grossing speciality releases of the year. A sequel, ''[[The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel]]'', began production in India in January 2014, and was released on 26 February 2015.

The film was adapted into a stage play in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://marigoldshow.com/|title=The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel - 2022 UK Tour|website=The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel|access-date=30 April 2022|archive-date=13 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613112056/http://marigoldshow.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Plot==
Several British retirees decide to move to [[Jaipur]], India, to stay in the Best Exotic Marigold Hotel, advertised as an exotic [[retirement home]]. Evelyn Greenslade, a widowed housewife, must sell her house to pay off her husband's debts; Graham Dashwood, a [[High Court of Justice|High Court]] judge who lived in Jaipur as a child, abruptly retires to return there; Jean and Douglas Ainslie hope to have an affordable retirement, after investing in their daughter's internet business; Muriel Donnelly, a former housekeeper, decides to have a hip operation in India to avoid waiting times; Madge Hardcastle, after several unsuccessful marriages, searches for new romance overseas; and Norman Cousins, an aging [[lothario]], attempts to relive his youth.

After an eventful journey to Jaipur, the retirees discover the hotel is a dilapidated site, run by the energetic but inept manager, Sonny Kapoor. Sonny's mother moves into the hotel in the hope of convincing her son to invest in a more secure job. Evelyn gets a job at a local [[call centre]], where Sonny's girlfriend Sunaina and her older brother Jay work. Graham takes long walks in search of familiar ground. While Jean hides in the hotel, overwhelmed by the cultural changes, Douglas explores the city. Muriel, at first xenophobic to Indians, comes to appreciate her doctor and her maid Anokhi. Madge joins the Viceroy Club and, surprised to find Norman there, helps him get into a relationship with a woman named Carol.

Graham confides to Evelyn that he is [[Homosexuality|gay]], returning to Jaipur to find his long lost Indian lover Manoj, whom he had to leave due to a scandal involving the pair. He, Evelyn, and Douglas eventually find Manoj, who has been happily married for years, but is overjoyed to see Graham again. Some time later, Graham passes away peacefully from an existing heart condition. After Graham's funeral, Evelyn breaks down in Douglas' arms, over her husband's death. Jean, increasingly pessimistic and envious, accuses Douglas of having an affair, only for Douglas to denounce their marriage. Jean then reveals their daughter's business has paid off, and they can return home.

Sonny and Sunaina have a falling out over a misunderstanding when Madge sleeps in Sonny's bedroom, further worsened when Mrs. Kapoor rejects Sunaina. Sonny becomes disheartened and decides to close the hotel. Evelyn encourages Sonny to express his love to Sunaina. Together, they race to the hotel, announcing to Mrs. Kapoor their intention to marry, regardless of her approval. Young Wasim, a hotel employee, reminds Mrs. Kapoor she and her late husband were in a similar situation when they wished to marry against their families' wishes. Moved, Mrs. Kapoor blesses Sonny's marriage.

Muriel, investigating the hotel's accounts, convinces an investor to keep the hotel open and agrees to act as a deputy manager to help Sonny. The residents agree to remain in the hotel, Carol moving in with Norman. Jean, realising her marriage is dead, encourages Douglas to return to stay in the hotel, while she returns to England. After a night of wandering, Douglas returns to the hotel, much to Evelyn's joy. The hotel flourishes thanks to Sonny and Muriel's partnership, with the residents staying to enjoy their retirement, and Evelyn commenting with the moral, "We get up in the morning; we do our best."

==Cast==
* [[Judi Dench]] as Evelyn Greenslade, a recently widowed housewife who moves to India after paying off her husband's debts.
* [[Bill Nighy]] as Douglas Ainslie, Jean's laidback husband.
* [[Penelope Wilton]] as Jean Ainslie, Douglas' pessimistic wife.
* [[Tom Wilkinson]] as Sir Graham Dashwood, a [[High Court of Justice|High Court]] judge.
* [[Maggie Smith]] as Muriel Donnelly, a former housekeeper who moves to India for a cheaper, quicker hip operation.
* [[Dev Patel]] as Sonny Kapoor, manager of the hotel.
* [[Celia Imrie]] as Madge Hardcastle, a woman looking for a rich husband to marry.
* [[Ronald Pickup]] as Norman Cousins, an aged [[lothario]].
* [[Tina Desai]] as Sunaina, call centre worker, and Sonny's girlfriend.
* [[Lillete Dubey]] as Mrs. Kapoor, widowed mother of Sonny.
* [[Diana Hardcastle]] as Carol, an English-Indian woman and lifelong resident of Jaipur.
* [[Sid Makkar]] as Jay, Sunaina's brother, and manager of a call centre.
* [[Seema Azmi]] as Anokhi, a [[Dalit]] maid at the hotel who looks after Muriel.
* [[Paul Bhattacharjee]] as Dr. Ghujarapartidar, one of Muriel's doctors.
* [[Rajendra Gupta]] as Manoj, an old friend and lover of Graham.
* [[Neena Kulkarni]] as Gaurika, Manoj's wife.
* [[Liza Tarbuck]] as head nurse Karen.
* [[Denzil Smith]] as Mr Dhurana, the Viceroy Club Secretary
* [[Honey Chhaya]] as Young Wasim, a hotel employee.
* Bhuvnesh Shetty as Muriel's physiotherapist.

==Production==

===Background and script===
[[File:Deborah Moggach.jpg|thumb|right|Producers saw potential in Deborah Moggach's novel.]]

Producers [[Graham Broadbent]] and Peter Czernin were the ones who first saw the potential for a film in [[Deborah Moggach]]'s novel. The concept of outsourcing retirement, "taking our outsourcing of everyday tasks like banking and customer service one step further", appealed to them, and they commissioned screenwriter [[Ol Parker]] to formulate this concept into a screenplay.<ref name="CinemaReview">{{cite web|url=http://cinemareview.com/production.asp?prodid=7000|title=Exotic Marigold Hotel|work=Cinema Review|access-date=17 February 2014|archive-date=23 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223002149/http://cinemareview.com/production.asp?prodid=7000|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Parker wanted to take the older characters completely out of their element and involve them in a romantic comedy. They initially encountered difficulties finding a studio; [[Working Title Films]] rejected their proposals, considering it unmarketable, but they eventually aligned with [[Participant Media]], [[Image Nation|{{not a typo|Imagenation}} Abu Dhabi FZ]], and Blueprint Pictures.<ref>{{cite web|first=Emily|last=Jupp|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/delayed-diagnosis-the-persistence-of-hope--ol-parker-discusses-new-film-now-is-good-starring-dakota-fanning-and-jeremy-irvine-8198013.html|title=Delayed Diagnosis: The persistence of hope|work=[[The Independent]]|date=5 October 2012|access-date=30 October 2012|archive-date=26 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926000732/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/delayed-diagnosis-the-persistence-of-hope--ol-parker-discusses-new-film-now-is-good-starring-dakota-fanning-and-jeremy-irvine-8198013.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Casting===
[[File:Jaipur 03-2016 19 City Palace complex.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Some of the footage of the film was shot around the [[City Palace, Jaipur|City Palace]] of [[Jaipur]].]]

To lead the project, the producers Broadbent and Czernin approached [[John Madden (director)|John Madden]], who was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Director]] for ''[[Shakespeare in Love]]'' in 1998. Madden considered the characters in ''The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel'' to be of "an analogous kind of geographical suspension", which have "entered a strange world removed from their former reality, cut off from their past, where they have to invent a new life for themselves".<ref name="CinemaReview" /> Dench and fellow cast members Maggie Smith, Penelope Wilton, Celia Imrie, Bill Nighy, Ronald Pickup, Tom Wilkinson, and director John Madden jumped at the opportunity to all work together for the first time in one film. Producer Broadbent considers Dench's character to be central to the story, and that Evelyn is much like Dench herself, being "the most wonderfully sympathetic person". John Madden considers Maggie Smith's character Muriel to be "instinctively xenophobic, never stepping out of her comfort zone in any way".<ref name="CinemaReview2">{{cite web|url=http://cinemareview.com/production.asp?prodid=7001|title=The Residents|work=Cinema Review|access-date=17 February 2014|archive-date=23 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223024920/http://cinemareview.com/production.asp?prodid=7001|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The filmmakers determined early on that the role of Sonny was crucial to the outcome of the picture, and they selected Dev Patel, who at the time was still revelling in the success of ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]''. Dench described Patel as a "born comedian", and Madden considered him to be a "comic natural—a sort of Jacques Tati figure, with amazing physical presence and fantastic instincts".<ref name="CinemaReview3">{{cite web|url=http://cinemareview.com/production.asp?prodid=7002|title=The Management|work=Cinema Review|access-date=17 February 2014|archive-date=23 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223021309/http://cinemareview.com/production.asp?prodid=7002|url-status=dead}}</ref> Patel had personal experience of watching the elderly through his mother who had been a carer, and he was "enticed by how vivid these characters are, by their sarcasm and their wisdom", confessing that he "fell in love with the script because every character shines in his or her own different way and you believe in each of them."<ref name="CinemaReview3"/> [[Lilette Dubey]] was cast as Sonny's mother, and English-language debutante [[Tina Desai]] portrayed Sunaina, Sonny's call-centre-operator girlfriend.

===Filming===
[[File:Jaipur 03-2016 04 Amber Fort.jpg|thumb|right|Footage was also shot in and around [[Amer Fort]].]]
[[File:Lake palace 05a.jpg|thumb|left|A culminating scene was shot at the insular [[Lake Palace Hotel]] on [[Lake Pichola]].]]
[[File:3 step stepwell.jpg|thumb|right|The Panna Meena ka Kund [[stepwell]].]]

[[Principal photography]] began on 10 October 2010 in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://moviecitynews.com/2010/10/%e2%80%9cthe-best-exotic-marigold-hotel%e2%80%9d-to-begin-principal-photography/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129062237/http://moviecitynews.com/2010/10/%E2%80%9Cthe-best-exotic-marigold-hotel%E2%80%9D-to-begin-principal-photography/|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 January 2013|title=John Madden to Direct All Star Cast with Dame Judi Dench|work=Movie City News|date=6 October 2010|access-date=30 October 2012}}</ref> Most of the filming took place in the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]], including the cities of [[Jaipur]] and [[Udaipur]].<ref name="fodors">{{cite web|first=Erica|last=Duecy|url=http://www.fodors.com/news/on-location-in-india-with-the-best-exotic-marigold-hotel-5457|title=On Location in India with The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel|publisher=[[Fodors]]|date=30 April 2012|access-date=10 October 2012|archive-date=20 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620165732/http://www.fodors.com/news/on-location-in-india-with-the-best-exotic-marigold-hotel-5457|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Jaipur, filming took place around the [[City Palace, Jaipur|City Palace]], the Marigold market, and on crowded buses. Other scenes were shot in [[Kishangarh]], and on the outskirts of Jaipur, footage was shot at [[Kanota Fort]], which stood in for the Viceroy Club. The place where Sonny and Sunaina meet in the film was shot nearby at the [[stepwell]] [[Panna Meena ka Kund]] near [[Amer Fort]], a 10th-century establishment noted for its "ten stories of pale golden stone steps."<ref name="CinemaReview4"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.movie-locations.com/movies/b/Best-Exotic-Marigold-Hotel.php|title = Filming Locations for the Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2011), in India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.rajasthantourpackage.co/places-to-visit-from-the-best-exotic-marigold-hotel-films/|title = Experience the Best Exotic Marigold Hotel|date = 11 February 2017|access-date = 30 September 2019|archive-date = 30 September 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190930160245/https://www.rajasthantourpackage.co/places-to-visit-from-the-best-exotic-marigold-hotel-films/|url-status = live}}</ref> Ravla Khempur was chosen as the site for the Best Exotic Marigold Hotel; it is an equestrian hotel that was originally the palace of a tribal chieftain, located about an hour and a half outside of Udaipur in the village of [[Khempur]].<ref name="fodors" /> Madden considered the building to have a magical quality and unmistakable charm, remarking that it had "something special that could ultimately draw the characters in. It had these wonderful cool dark interiors, with glimpses of saturated light and the teeming life outside its walls."<ref name="CinemaReview4"/> Production designer [[Alan MacDonald (production designer)|Alan MacDonald]], who won Best Art Direction in a Contemporary Film from the [[Art Directors Guild]] for his work,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artistdirect.com/nad/store/movies/principal/0,,2060654,00.html|title=Alan MacDonald|publisher=Artistdirect.com|access-date=19 February 2014|archive-date=6 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306144424/http://www.artistdirect.com/nad/store/movies/principal/0,,2060654,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> was brought in to embellish the interiors, intentionally making it clash with "interesting furniture inspired by colonial India, mismatched local textiles, all mixed together with modern plastic bits and pieces, with everything distressed and weather beaten."<ref name="CinemaReview4"/> Footage was also shot at the [[Lake Palace Hotel]] at [[Lake Pichola]].<ref name="fodors" />

Madden said that challenges of filming in India included the street noise, as well as the people's curiosity and hospitality when they saw him producing a camera.<ref name="fodors"/> The cast and crew were well received by the locals, as was the director who, along with the cast, was invited by [[Arvind Singh Mewar]], the Maharaja of Udaipur, to attend his lavish Diwali celebrations and firework display, as well as a royal wedding held at the [[Rambagh Palace Hotel]] in Jaipur.<ref name="CinemaReview4">{{cite web|url=http://cinemareview.com/production.asp?prodid=7003|title=The Sights|publisher=Cinema Review|access-date=17 February 2014|archive-date=23 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223023634/http://cinemareview.com/production.asp?prodid=7003|url-status=dead}}</ref> Chris Gill was the editor of the picture.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/04/movies/the-best-exotic-marigold-hotel-with-judi-dench.html|title=Seven Tickets to India, Please, and Reservations for an Adventure|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=4 May 2012|access-date=18 February 2014|archive-date=17 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017161321/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/04/movies/the-best-exotic-marigold-hotel-with-judi-dench.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

A sequel, ''[[The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel]]'', began production in India in January 2014 and was released in February 2015. Most of the cast returned, with additions including American actor [[Richard Gere]].<ref name=cast>{{cite news|last=Dowell|first=Ben|title=The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel 2 to start filming in January|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-10-28/the-best-exotic-marigold-hotel-2-to-start-filming-in-january|access-date=12 January 2014|work=[[Radio Times]]|date=28 October 2013|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030192958/https://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-10-28/the-best-exotic-marigold-hotel-2-to-start-filming-in-january/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-25680451|title=Richard Gere joins Best Exotic Marigold Hotel sequel|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=10 January 2014|access-date=18 February 2014|archive-date=30 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130045902/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-25680451|url-status=live}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_second_best_exotic_marigold_hotel/|title=The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=18 January 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118035850/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_second_best_exotic_marigold_hotel|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-second-best-exotic-marigold-hotel|title=The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel Reviews|work=[[Metacritic]]|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]|access-date=9 March 2015|archive-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127091314/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-second-best-exotic-marigold-hotel|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.cinemascore.com/publicsearch/index/title/ |title= Cinemascore |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181220122629/https://www.cinemascore.com/publicsearch/index/title/ |archive-date= 2018-12-20 }}</ref>

===Music===
{{Main|The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (soundtrack)}}
[[File:Thomas Newman.jpg|thumb|left|The soundtrack was composed by Thomas Newman.]]
The soundtrack, composed by [[Thomas Newman]], was released in the CD format in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-best-exotic-marigold-hotel-music-from-the-motion-picture-mw0002311506/releases|title=The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel|publisher=AllMusic|access-date=6 March 2014|archive-date=2 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202143315/http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-best-exotic-marigold-hotel-music-from-the-motion-picture-mw0002311506/releases|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Reception==

===Box office===
[[File:Campus Theater (7497904460).jpg|200px|thumb|right|Marquee showing ''The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel'' at a cinema in [[Lewisburg, Pennsylvania]].]]
The film was first shown at the Italian cinema trade show ''Le Giornate Professionali di Cinema'' ("The Professional Days of Cinema") in [[Sorrento]] on 30 November 2011<ref>[http://www.giornatedicinema.it/programma-/534/1/30-novembre.php "Le Giornate Professionali di Cinema: Programma 30 novembre"]. Retrieved 28 May 2012. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228051907/http://www.giornatedicinema.it/programma-/534/1/30-novembre.php |date=28 December 2011 }}</ref> and at the [[Glasgow Film Festival]] on 17 February 2012, before being released widely in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 24 February 2012. This was followed by release in a further 26 countries in March and April. From May to August, more and more nations saw the release of the film, before Japan's February 2013 release capped off the film's theatrical debut calendar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1412386/releaseinfo|title=The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2011)|publisher=IMDb|access-date=28 May 2012|archive-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127084727/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1412386/releaseinfo|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the United Kingdom, ''The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel'' came in second to ''[[The Woman in Black (2012 film)|The Woman in Black]]'' at the box office during its first week, earning £2.2 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dcm.co.uk/blog/2012/02/28/uk-box-office-28-february-2012/|title=UK Box Office – 28 February 2012|work=Digital Cinema Media|date=28 February 2012|access-date=30 October 2012|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192747/http://www.dcm.co.uk/blog/2012/02/28/uk-box-office-28-february-2012/|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually topped the UK box office, with £2.3 million, in its second weekend on release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dcm.co.uk/blog/2012/03/06/uk-box-office-06-march-2012/|title=UK Box Office – 06 March 2012|work=Digital Cinema Media|date=6 March 2012|access-date=30 October 2012|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200218/http://www.dcm.co.uk/blog/2012/03/06/uk-box-office-06-march-2012/|url-status=live}}</ref> By the end of its UK run, the film had grossed over £20.3 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.25thframe.co.uk/box-office/yearly.php?year=2012|title=UK Box Office 2012|work=25th Frame|date=2012|access-date=10 June 2025|archive-date=24 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250424141146/https://www.25thframe.co.uk/box-office/yearly.php?year=2012|url-status=live}}</ref> (approximately US$31 million at that exchange rate<ref name="indiewire 20120502">{{cite web|first=David|last=Gritten|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/thompsononhollywood/best-exotic-marigold-hotel-from-a-pleasant-surprise-to-a-phenomenon?page=2#blogPostHeaderPanel/|title='Best Exotic Marigold Hotel': From Pleasant Surprise to Box Office Phenomenon|work=Indiewire|date=2 May 2012|access-date=30 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404193834/http://blogs.indiewire.com/thompsononhollywood/best-exotic-marigold-hotel-from-a-pleasant-surprise-to-a-phenomenon?page=2#blogPostHeaderPanel/|archive-date=4 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>), and was the 16th highest grossing film in the UK that year. Prior to its United States debut, the comedy had already grossed US$69 million worldwide and passed both ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006) and ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003) in total international grosses.<ref name="indiewire 20120502"/><ref name="cs"/> After three months of release, it was ranked the third highest-grossing 2012 release in Australia and New Zealand, behind only ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]'' and ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]''.<ref name="cs"/>

In the US and Canada, the film initially opened in 16 theatres in its first week. In its second week of release, it expanded from 16 to 178 screens in North America and grossed US$2.7 million for the weekend, ending eighth on the week's top hits.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/best-exotic-marigold-hotel-already-a-hit/20120515.htm|title=Best Exotic Marigold Hotel Already a Hit?|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=15 May 2012|access-date=30 October 2012|archive-date=13 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013094428/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/best-exotic-marigold-hotel-already-a-hit/20120515.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> By the end of the month, ''Best Exotic Marigold Hotel'' had grossed US$100 million worldwide.<ref name="cs">{{cite web|url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=90881|title=The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel Crosses $100 Million|publisher=ComingSoon.net|date=31 May 2012|access-date=30 October 2012|archive-date=29 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429215037/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=90881|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film had a worldwide gross of US$136,836,156.<ref name="mojo"/> It ranks among the highest-grossing international films released by [[Fox Searchlight Pictures]] behind ''[[Black Swan (film)|Black Swan]]'' (2010), ''[[The Full Monty]]'' (1997), and ''[[The Descendants]]'' (2011),<ref name="cs"/> and among the highest-grossing specialty releases of the year along with ''[[Moonrise Kingdom]]'' and ''[[To Rome with Love (film)|To Rome with Love]]''.<ref>{{cite web|first=Peter|last=Knegt|url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/specialty-box-office-queen-reigns-for-indie-debuts-lcd-soundsystem-doc-has-great-one-night-only?page=2|title=Specialty Box Office: 'Queen' Reigns For Indie Debuts; LCD Soundsystem Doc Has Great 'One Night Only'|work=Indiewire|date=23 July 2012|access-date=30 October 2012|archive-date=3 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103044020/http://www.indiewire.com/article/specialty-box-office-queen-reigns-for-indie-debuts-lcd-soundsystem-doc-has-great-one-night-only?page=2|url-status=live}}</ref>

Elsewhere, ''The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel'' took in less than US$58 million. Nations contributing sizable box office returns aside from the UK and North America included Australia (US$21.2 million), Germany (US$6 million), New Zealand (US$4.4 million), Spain (US$4.3 million), France (US$1.9 million), Sweden (US$1.3 million), Italy (US$1.1 million), South Africa (US$1 million), and Norway (US$797 thousand).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=bestexoticmarigoldhotel.htm&sort=todateGross&order=ASC&p=.htm|title=The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel|publisher=Box Office Mojo|access-date=18 February 2014|archive-date=18 January 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118041314/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3830862341/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Critical reception===
The film received positive reviews from critics. The review aggregator website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] reported that {{RT data|score}} of critics gave the film a positive rating, based on {{RT data|count}} reviews, with an average score of {{RT data|average}}. Its consensus states "''The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel'' isn't groundbreaking storytelling, but it's a sweet story about the senior set featuring a top-notch cast of veteran actors."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_best_exotic_marigold_hotel_2012|title=The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2011)|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=[[Fandango Media|Fandango]]|access-date={{RT data|access date|df=dmy}}|archive-date=18 January 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118044111/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_best_exotic_marigold_hotel|url-status=live}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], which uses a normalized rating system, the film holds a 62/100 rating, based on 35 reviews, indicating "generally favourable reviews".<ref>{{Metacritic film|title=The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel|access-date= 30 October 2012}}</ref>

{{multiple image
| footer = [[Judi Dench]] and [[Maggie Smith]] both received favourable reviews from critics
| image1 = Judi Dench at the BAFTAs 2007.jpg
| alt1 =
| width1 = 155
| image2 = Dame Maggie Smith-cropped.jpg
| alt2 =
| width2 = 152
| align = right
}}

[[Mick LaSalle]] of the ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' remarked that the film was "a rare reminder from films that the grand emotions are not only for the young and the middle-aged", citing it "too well made to be dismissed and contains too much truth to be scorned."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Best-Exotic-Marigold-Hotel-review-Aging-s-truth-3532258.php|first=Mick|last=LaSalle|title='Best Exotic Marigold Hotel' review: Aging's truth|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|date=4 May 2012|access-date=30 October 2012|archive-date=17 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017145436/http://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Best-Exotic-Marigold-Hotel-review-Aging-s-truth-3532258.php|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Roger Ebert]], writing for the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'', gave ''The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel'' three and a half out of four stars. He declared the film "a charming, funny and heartwarming movie [and] a smoothly crafted entertainment that makes good use of seven superb veterans."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20120502/REVIEWS/120509993|first=Roger|last=Ebert|title=The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel|work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|publisher=RogertEbert.com|date=2 May 2012|access-date=30 October 2012|archive-date=18 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718160605/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20120502%2FREVIEWS%2F120509993|url-status=dead}}</ref> Claudia Puig from ''[[USA Today]]'' called it "a refreshing, mature fairy tale with a top-notch ensemble cast." While she felt the film was "about 15 minutes too long", she summarized it as "a delightful, droll and entertaining comedy of manners with an estimable cast" and an "ideal low-tech alternative to the special-effects laden" film projects of 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/reviews/story/2012-05-04/the-best-exotic-marigold-hotel-judi-dench-maggie-smith/54738736/1?csp=34life|first=Claudia|last=Puig|title='Exotic Marigold Hotel' lets senior citizens bloom|work=[[USA Today]]|date=3 May 2012|access-date=30 October 2012|archive-date=29 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129215223/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/reviews/story/2012-05-04/the-best-exotic-marigold-hotel-judi-dench-maggie-smith/54738736/1?csp=34life|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Peter Travers]] from ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' rated the comedy three out of four stars. He found that "with a lesser cast, the movie would be a lineup of TV-movie clichés. But this is a cast that never makes a false move even when the script settles for formula."<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/the-best-exotic-marigold-hotel-20120503|first=Peter|last=Travers|title=The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=3 May 2012|access-date=30 October 2012|archive-date=12 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112090627/http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/the-best-exotic-marigold-hotel-20120503|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' critic [[Michael Phillips (critic)|Michael Phillips]] wrote that "as two-hour tours go, ''The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel'' goes smoothly." While he felt that the film focused on "pleasantly predictable story", he noted that the project was one of those films which "are better off going easy on the surprises, and concentrating on a reassuring level of actorly craft."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/sc-mov-0502-best-exotic-marigold-hotel-20120503,0,5707064.column|first=Michael|last=Phillips|title=Cast Makes 'Best Exotic Marigold Hotel' Shine|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=3 May 2012|access-date=30 October 2012|archive-date=3 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603173808/http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/sc-mov-0502-best-exotic-marigold-hotel-20120503,0,5707064.column|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Lisa Schwarzbaum]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' graded the film with a 'B−' rating, summarizing it as a "lulling, happy-face story of retirement-age self-renewal, set in a shimmering, weltering, jewel-colored India", and that it succeeded in selling "something safe and sweet, in a vivid foreign setting, to an underserved share of the moviegoing market."<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/05/03/best-exotic-marigold-hotel/|first=Lisa|last=Schwarzbaum|title=The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2012)|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=3 May 2012|access-date=30 October 2012|archive-date=2 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202143317/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/05/03/best-exotic-marigold-hotel|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Peter Bradshaw]], writing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', was more cutting in his 2/5 star review, saying that the film "needs a [[Stannah Lifts|Stannah chairlift]] to get it up to any level of watchability, and it is not exactly concerned to do away with condescending stereotypes about old people, or Indian people of any age." Noting the luminous, prolific resumes of the cast he noted "nothing in this insipid story does anything like justice to the cast's combined potential." He went on to opine that the film appeared "oddly like an [[Agatha Christie]] thriller with all the pasteboard characters, 2D backstories and foreign locale, but no murder."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/feb/23/best-exotic-marigold-hotel-review |title=The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel |work=The Guardian|date=23 February 2012|access-date=17 February 2014}}</ref> The film received criticism for its depiction of India and [[Culture of India|its culture]], which was described as relying on outdated [[Orientalism|orientalist]] tropes.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lalwani|first=Nikita|title=The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel: an exercise in British wish-fulfilment|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/feb/27/best-exotic-marigold-hotel-compliance|access-date=30 April 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|date=27 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=REVIEW: The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel|url=http://marshallandthemovies.com/2012/06/24/marigold/|work=Marshall and the Movies|date=24 June 2012|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-date=2 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502032605/http://marshallandthemovies.com/2012/06/24/marigold/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Accolades===
At the Cinema Scapes Awards, organised on the sidelines of the 2012 [[Mumbai Film Festival]], the film was honoured with the Best International Film accolade for showcasing Indian filming locations.<ref name="thr">{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/best-exotic-marigold-hotel-honored-383406|first=Nyay|last=Bhushan|title='Best Exotic Marigold Hotel' Honored for Showcasing India Filming Locations|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=26 October 2012|access-date=30 October 2012|archive-date=25 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125003453/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/best-exotic-marigold-hotel-honored-383406|url-status=live}}</ref> The film and its cast earned five nominations from the [[British Independent Film Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/movies/news/a435735/broken-sightseers-berberian-sound-studio-lead-bifa-nominations.html|title='Broken', 'Sightseers', 'Berberian Sound Studio' lead BIFA nominations|last=Reynolds|first=Simon|date=5 November 2012|work=[[Digital Spy]]|access-date=6 November 2012|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924103522/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/movies/news/a435735/broken-sightseers-berberian-sound-studio-lead-bifa-nominations.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="6" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | List of awards and nominations
|-
! Award
! Category
! Recipient(s)
! Result
|-
| [[ADG Excellence in Production Design Award]]s
| [[Art Directors Guild Award for Excellence in Production Design for a Contemporary Film|Contemporary Film]]
| Alan MacDonald
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[London Film Critics Circle Awards 2012|ALFS Awards]]
| [[London Film Critics Circle Award for Actress of the Year|Actress of the Year]]
| [[Judi Dench]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[66th British Academy Film Awards|British Academy Film Awards]]
| [[BAFTA Award for Best British Film|BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Film]]
| [[John Madden (director)|John Madden]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="5"| [[British Independent Film Awards]]
| [[BIFA Award for Best British Independent Film|Best British Independent Film]]
| [[Graham Broadbent]], Peter Czernin
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Director of a British Independent Film
| John Madden
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[BIFA Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a British Independent Film|Best Performance by an Actress in a British Independent Film]]
| [[Judi Dench]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[BIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| [[Tom Wilkinson]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[BIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| [[Maggie Smith]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[18th Critics' Choice Awards|Critics' Choice Awards]]
| [[Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Cast|Best Cast]]
| Ensemble
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[15th Costume Designers Guild Awards|Costume Designers Guild Awards]]
| [[Costume Designers Guild Award for Excellence in Contemporary Film|Excellence in Contemporary Film]]
| Louise Stjernsward
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[25th European Film Awards|European Film Awards]]
| [[European Film Awards|Audience Award]]
| John Madden
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[24th GLAAD Media Awards|GLAAD Media Awards]]
| [[GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Film – Wide Release|Outstanding Film – Wide Release]]
|
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[70th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe Awards]]
| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]]
| Film
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy]]
| Judi Dench
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[19th Screen Actors Guild Awards|Screen Actors Guild Awards]]
| [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture|Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture]]
| Cast
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role]]
| Maggie Smith
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[Women Film Critics Circle|Women Film Critics Circle Awards]]
| Best Comedic Actress
| Maggie Smith
| {{won}}
|-
| Women's Work: Best Ensemble
| Maggie Smith, Judi Dench, [[Penelope Wilton]] and [[Celia Imrie]]
| {{won}}
|}

==See also==
{{portal|Film}}
* [[2012 in film]]
* [[Cinema of the United Kingdom]]
* [[List of British films of 2012]]
{{clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.foxsearchlight.com/thebestexoticmarigoldhotel/}}
* {{IMDb title|1412386}}

{{John Madden|state=collapsed}}
{{AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Movie for Grownups}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Best Exotic Marigold Hotel}}
[[Category:2011 English-language films]]
[[Category:2011 American films]]
[[Category:2011 British films]]
[[Category:2011 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:2011 independent films]]
[[Category:2011 LGBTQ-related films]]
[[Category:American comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:American independent films]]
[[Category:American LGBTQ-related films]]
[[Category:British comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:British independent films]]
[[Category:British LGBTQ-related films]]
[[Category:Emirati comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Emirati independent films]]
[[Category:English-language comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:English-language independent films]]
[[Category:Films about old age]]
[[Category:Films based on British novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by John Madden]]
[[Category:Films produced by Graham Broadbent]]
[[Category:Films scored by Thomas Newman]]
[[Category:Films set in England]]
[[Category:Films set in hotels]]
[[Category:Films set in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Films shot in England]]
[[Category:Films shot in India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Ol Parker]]
[[Category:Fox Searchlight Pictures films]]
[[Category:Imagenation Abu Dhabi films]]
[[Category:LGBTQ-related comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Participant (company) films]]
[[Category:English-language Emirati films]]
[[Category:2010s Emirati films]]

Loudspeaker (2009 film)

2026-04-06T15:15:00Z

Jameshowlett179011:

{{for|1934 film|The Loudspeaker}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Loudspeaker
| image = Loudspeaker 2009.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Jayaraj]]
| producer = Jayaraj M.P. Surendranth (co-producer)
| screenplay = Jayaraj
| story = Jayaraj P. Y. Jose
| starring = [[Mammootty]] [[K. Sasikumar|Sasi Kumar]] [[Gracy Singh]] [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] [[Cochin Hanifa]] [[Saleem Kumar]] [[KPAC Lalitha]]
| music = [[Bijibal]]
| cinematography = Gunashekhar
| editing = Vijai Sankar
| studio = New Generation Cinema
| distributor = P. A. Sebastine Time Ads Entertainment
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2009|9|20|Kerala}}
| runtime = 127 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Loudspeaker''''' is a 2009 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[tragicomedy]] [[drama film]] produced, written, and directed by [[Jayaraj]], starring [[Mammootty]], [[K. Sasikumar|Sasi Kumar]], [[Gracy Singh]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Cochin Hanifa]], [[Saleem Kumar]], and [[KPAC Lalitha]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-malayalam-movie-review-loud-speaker/20090921.htm|title = Review: Loud Speaker is very good}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/loud-speaker-review-malayalam-pclxp0jhghbif.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118004601/https://www.sify.com/movies/loud-speaker-review-malayalam-pclxp0jhghbif.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2022|title = Loud Speaker|website=[[Sify]] }}</ref>
==Plot==
Anand Menon returns to India from USA to get a kidney transplant and Mike phillipose a villager who is trying to sell his kidney to make some money. The movie revolves around the developing friendship between Anand and Mike and how Mike transform the sterile surroundings with his easygoing nature.
==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Mammootty]] as Mike Phillipose
*[[K. Sasikumar|Sasi Kumar]] as Anand Menon
*[[Gracy Singh]] as Annie
*[[Anoop Menon]] as Dr. Ollurkkaran
*[[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Secretary Geevarghese
*[[Salim Kumar]] as KP
*[[Cochin Haneefa]] as Organ agent Sarangadharan
*[[Guinness Pakru]] as Organ agent Amitabh
*[[Suraj Venjaramood]] as Counselor Eswarapillai Kumarapillai
*[[Harisree Ashokan]] as Kathanar
*[[KPAC Lalitha]] as Kunjannama
*[[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]] as Old man
*[[Nayanthara Chakravarthy]] as Angela
*Babu Swami as Ouseph, Kunjannama's husband
*[[Bheeman Raghu]] as Madhavan Nair
*[[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana]] as Rugmini
*[[Augustine (actor)|Augustine]] as Watchman Mohan Das
*[[Kalamandalam Gopi]] as Valliya Ammavan
*[[Unnikrishnan Namboothiri]] as Menon's relative
*Rugmini Warassyar as Menon's relative
*[[Valsala Menon]] as Annie's mother
*[[Sukumari]] as Head Nurse
*[[Kundara Johny]] as loanshark
*[[Ambika Mohan]] as Menon's relative
*Subair Alappuzha as Dr. Philson
*[[Abu Salim (actor)|Abu Salim]]
*[[Sreejith Ravi]] as bachelor
*Romeo as bachelor
*Suraj Devaraj as bachelor
*[[Indulekha Warrier]] as Soudamini
}}

==Soundtrack==
The songs of ''Loudspeaker'' were composed by [[Bijibal]] and the lyrics were written by [[Anil Panachooran]]. "Alliyambal", a famous song from ''Rosy'' composed by [[Job Master]] and sung by [[K. J. Yesudas]], is adopted in this film. The new version of the song is sung by his son, [[Vijay Yesudas]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://loudspeakerfilm.com/c%26c.html |title=.:: Loud Speaker - A Complete Musical Comedy Entertainer |access-date=29 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090914032342/http://www.loudspeakerfilm.com/c%26c.html |archive-date=14 September 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

*"Changazhi Muthumayi" - sung by Ganesh Sundaram
*"Kattarinu Thorathoru"- Singer: P. Jayachandran. Lyrics: Anil Panachooran
*"Manjinte Mamala"
*"Alliyambal" - sung by Vijay Yesudas
*"Kattarinu Thorathoru - Anjali Muraleedharan (female)"
*"Changazhi Muthumayi (male)"

== References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://loudspeakerfilm.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|1521023|Loudspeaker}}

[[Category:2009 films]]
[[Category:2009 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Films shot in Idukki]]
[[Category:Films directed by Jayaraj]]

Thakurmar Jhuli

2026-03-27T08:01:27Z

Jameshowlett179011: formatting fix

{{Short description|Bengali fairytales}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox book
| italic title = 
| name = Thakurmar Jhuli
| image = Jhuli.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Cover design of ''Thakurmar Jhuli'' (1907)
| author = [[Dakshinaranjan Mitra Majumder]]
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| subject = Children's Literature
| genre =
| set_in =
| published = 1907
| publisher = Mitra & Ghosh Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
| publisher2 =
| pub_date =
| english_pub_date =
| media_type =
| pages =
| awards =
}}
{{Culture of Bengal}}
'''''Thakurmar Jhuli''''' ({{langx|bn|ঠাকুরমার ঝুলি}}; ''Grandmother's Bag [of tales]'') is a collection of [[Bengali language|Bengali]] folk tales and fairy tales. The author [[Dakshinaranjan Mitra Majumder]] collected some folktales of Bengali and published some of them under the name of "''Thakurmar Jhuli''" in 1907 (1314 of [[Bengali calendars|Bengali calendar]]). The Nobel-Laureate, [[Rabindra Nath Tagore|Rabindranath Tagore]] wrote the introduction to the anthology. Since then, it has become iconic in Bengali children's literature, becoming a household name in [[West Bengal]] and [[Bangladesh]] over the years.

Certain characters and stories like "''Lalkamal-Nilkamal''", "''Buddhu-Bhutum''" and "''[[Byangoma|Byangoma-Byangomi]]''", have gained legendary status. Hundreds of editions of this book have been published from Bangladesh and West Bengal since the original publication.

==Publishing background==
Rabindranath Tagore notes in his introduction to Thakurmar Jhuli, that there was a dire need for folk literature of Bengal to be revived because the only such works available to the reading public of the time were European fairytales and their translations. He expressed the need for a swadeshi or indigenous folk literature that would remind the people of Bengal of their rich oral traditions. This would be a method of contending the cultural imperialism of the British.<ref name=swadeshi>{{cite book|last=Mitra Majumdar|first=Dakhshinaranjan|title= Thakurmar Jhuli|date= 1907}}</ref>
Dakshinaranjan recounts the memories of listening to fairytales told by his mother as well as his aunt, in his own introduction to Thakurmar Jhuli. Dakshinaranjan's aunt, Rajlakkhi Debi had given him the duty of visiting the villages in their zamindari. He travelled and listened to Bengali folktales and fairytales being narrated by the village elders. These folk stories were mostly collected from Mymensingh district region of Bangladesh. He recorded this material with a phonograph that he carried, and listened to the recordings repeatedly, imbibing the style. However, he found no publisher initially, and had set up a press to self-publish the first book that would be a compilation of the stories he developed from the recorded tales. At this juncture, [[Dinesh Chandra Sen]], impressed by the manuscript, arranged for it to be published by Bhattacharya and Sons, a renowned publisher of the time. Within a week, three thousand copies were sold. Several illustrations for the collection were also drawn by the author. His drawings were turned into lithographs for printing.<ref name=hist>{{cite news |script-title=bn:দক্ষিণা বাতাসে পাল তুলে দিল শুকপঙ্খী নৌকা |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/supplementary/patrika/a-short-write-up-on-bengali-fairy-tale-writer-dakshinaranjan-mitra-majumder-1.1062921 |work=Anandabazar Patrika |language=bn |access-date= 20 August 2020}}</ref>

==Contents==
[[File:Thakurmar Jhuli.jpg|thumb|Audio book release cover]]
The book contains fourteen stories, divided into three sections: ''Dudher Sagor'' ('Sea of Milk'), ''Rooptarashi'' ('Scary Form'), and ''Chyang Byang'' ('Fish-Frog'). The final section, ''Aam Sandesh'' ('Mangoes and Sweets') contains three poems. Apart from this, some other poems act as introductions to the collection as a whole, and to each section.<ref name=swadeshi/>

=== Character types and tropes ===
The first section, ''Dudher Sagor'', contains the very popular stories ''Kalabati Rajkanya'' ('Princess Kalabati'), ''Ghumonto Puri'' ('The Sleeping Town'), ''[[Saat Bhai Champa]]'' ('Seven Champa Brothers') and ''[[Kiranmala (Bengali folktale)|Kiranmala]]'', among others. The former is known elsewhere as "''Buddhu Bhutum''". These stories, like others in the collection, depict characters who initially suffer a series of misfortunes, display admirable personal qualities, like courage, kindness and wit, and eventually rise to great fortune.

The second section, ''"Rooptarashi"'', contains what is probably the most popular story from this iconic volume, ''"Lalkamal Neelkamal"''. These stories usually depict human protagonists encountering other creatures like ''rakkhoshes'', magical snakes, and the like. A ''rakkhosh'', or a [[Rakshasa]], is a race of beings from Hindu mythology, who are known from magical abilities, shapeshifting as well as eating humans, sometimes. The birds with human faces, ''[[Byangoma]]'' and ''Byangomi'', are also encountered in ''"Lalkamal Neelkamal"''.

The third section, "''Chyang Byang''" deals with miscellaneous stories, and features some feats by the proverbial "{{Transliteration|bn|Sheyal Pandit}}" (Fox Pandit).<ref name=swadeshi/>

==Language==
[[File:Kiranmala.jpg|thumb|Illustration by Dakshinaranjan Mitra Majumdar for the story "Kiranmala"]]
In his introduction, Tagore noted that Dakhshinaranjan has successfully put into writing, the linguistic flavour of traditional oral tales. The poems read as collages of references to Bengali culture and folklore motifs.<ref name=swadeshi/>

==Translations==
* ''Tales My Grandmother Told Me'' (2005). English. Translation by Rina Pritish Nandy.
* ''Tales from Thakurmar Jhuli: Twelve Stories from Bengal''. Oxford University Press, 2012. {{ISBN|9780198082200}}.

==Film and television==
*''Saat Bhai Champa'' (1978). Indian Bengali-language film directed by Chitrasathi.
*''[[Arun Barun O Kiranmala]]'' (1979). Indian [[fantasy film]] directed by Barun Kabasi.
*''Thakumar Jhuli'', an Indian animated television series which aired on [[Zee Bangla]] in the 2000s.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
*''[[Kiranmala (TV series)|Kiranmala]]'', an Indian fantasy television series based on some stories of ''Thakurmar Jhuli'', which aired on [[Star Jalsha]] channel from 2014 to 2016.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fantasy classic reinvented for TV audiences |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/fantasy-classic-reinvented-for-tv-audiences-115020800768_1.html |work=Business Standard |agency=PTI |date=8 February 2015}}</ref>
*''Buddhu Bhutum'' (2017). Indian [[fantasy drama]] film directed by [[Nitish Roy]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Srijoy |title=Buddhu Bhutum Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/buddhu-bhutum/etmoviereview/71215656.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=Sep 21, 2019}}</ref>
*''[[Saat Bhai Champa (TV series)|Saat Bhai Champa]]'', an Indian Bengali-language fantasy television series that aired on Zee Bangla from 2017 to 2019.
*''Thakurmar Jhuli'', an Indian anthology television series that aired on [[Star Jalsha]] in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Thakumar Jhuli |url=https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/thakumar-jhuli/1260003658 |website=[[Disney+ Hotstar]] |language=en |access-date=25 January 2021 |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530225957/https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/thakumar-jhuli/1260003658 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==In other media==
*Audio tapes and CDs.
*Puppet-theatres.
*Children's radio shows narrating the stories with the help of child artists.
*Children's book publications.

== Legacy ==
The four initial folktale anthologies of Mitra Majumdar are titled after a grandparent, who represents the bygone era and thereby embodies cultural heritage. In the contemporary context, written and digital recordings of these fables seem to have replaced the earlier oral tradition, but ''Thakurmar Jhuli'' remains a compilation that is not limited to children alone, and over the years has found tremendous response among the adults. It is a veritable treasure of Bengali literature.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-tale-of-the-brothers-who-outwitted-the-demon-queen-malay-bera The tale of the brothers who outwitted the demon queen.] TED-Ed lesson in the "Myths from around the World" collection.

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* Adhya, Raahi. "The Old Woman and the Tale: Exploring the Intersection of Age and Gender within the Bengali Roopkatha." Marvels & Tales 37.1 (2023). Web. <https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/marvels/vol37/iss1/6>.
* {{cite encyclopedia | last = Bera | first = Malay | year = 2025 | title = Rupkatha: Bengali Fairy Tales | encyclopedia = The Literary Encyclopedia | volume = 10.3.1.02: Indian Writing and Culture of the Colonial Period, 1750–1947 | publisher = The Literary Dictionary Company Limited | url = https://www.litencyc.com/php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=19818 | access-date = 23 July 2025 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Maitra |first=Lopamudra |year=2007 |title=100 years of Thakurmar Jhuli (Grandmother's Bag of Tales): From Oral Literature to Digital Media - Shaping Thoughts for the Young and Old |url=http://www.indianfolklore.org/journals/index.php/IFRJ/article/view/14 |journal=Indian Folklore Research Journal |volume=4 |issue=7 |pages=77–95 |citeseerx=10.1.1.730.7554 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726184942/http://indianfolklore.org/journals/index.php/IFRJ/article/view/14 |archive-date=26 July 2015}}
* {{cite journal |last=Paul |first=Debosmita |title='Through the Looking Glass': An Analysis of the Swadeshi Movement through the 'Indigenous' 'Thakurmar Jhuli' |journal=Indian Literature |volume=59 |issue=6 (290) |date=2015 |pages=153–67 |jstor=44478647}} Accessed 18 May 2023.

{{refend}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Bengali-language literature]]
[[Category:Collections of fairy tales]]
[[Category:Asian fairy tales]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi literature]]
[[Category:Indian fairy tales]]
[[Category:Indian folklore]]
[[Category:Indian literature]]
[[Category:Indian legends]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian books]]
[[Category:Indian short story collections]]
[[Category:Fantasy anthologies]]

Chandpur Champagachhi

2026-03-25T23:31:33Z

Jameshowlett179011: made a post w/ infobox

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chandpur Champagachhi
| official_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt = [[West Bengal]]
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.611267|N|88.538344|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
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| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.1409
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 6,431
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 700135
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 03174
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-23, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-24, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-25, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-26
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Barasat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barasat]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Rajarhat New Town (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rajarhat New Town]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Chandpur Champagachhi''' (also written as Chandapur Champagachhi) is a [[census town]] in the [[Rajarhat (community development block)|Rajarhat]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Bidhannagar subdivision]] of the [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=520| height=400| zoom=12
| coord={{coord|22|36|0|N|88|28|30|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Bidhannagar subdivision, North 24 Parganas''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, F: facilities Abbreviation: UEM - University of Engineering & Management Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|22|38|5|N|88|29|21|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Bhatenda | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Bhatenda]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|35|58|N|88|27|30|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2= Ghuni| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Ghuni]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|36|48|N|88|29|39|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Basina| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Basina, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|37|0|N|88|29|36|E}} | label-pos4=top|label4= Bishnupur| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Bishnupur, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|36|40|N|88|32|18|E}} | label-pos5=top|label5= Chandpur |labela5= Champagachhi| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=Chandpur Champagachhi (CT)|shape-color5=black| label-size5=13|label-color5=black 
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|35|55|N|88|27|58|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Jatragachhi | numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Jatragachhi]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|38|14|N|88|28|23|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Raigachhi | numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Raigachhi]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|37|5|N|88|28|9|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Rekjuani | numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Rekjuani]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|36|16|N|88|27|8|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Sulanggari | numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Sulanggari]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|34|48|N|88|25|12|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Bidhannagar| numbered10=M| mark-title10=[[Bidhannagar]] (M) | shape-color10= #800000
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|35|30|N|88|29|7|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Aliah University| numbered11=F| mark-title11= [[Aliah University]] (F) |shape-color11=#967117
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|33|42|N|88|29|15|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= St. Xavier's University| numbered12=F| mark-title12= [[St. Xavier's University, Kolkata]] (F) |shape-color12=#967117
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|57|42|N|88|32|39|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= MAKAUT| numbered13=F| mark-title13= [[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology]] (F) |shape-color13=#967117
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|33|27|N|88|29|24|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= UEM| numbered14=F| mark-title14= [[University of Engineering & Management (UEM), Kolkata]] (F) |shape-color14=#967117
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|35|40|N|88|29|7|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Amity University| numbered15=F| mark-title15= [[Amity University, Kolkata]] (F) |shape-color15=#967117
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|36|21|N|88|28|1|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16=Eco Park| numbered16=T|shape-color16= #74C365| mark-title16= [[New Town Eco Park]] (T)
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|37|0|N|88|30|20|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Rajarhat| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Rajarhat]] (R) |shape-color17=#C40000
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|35|30|N|88|28|29|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= New Town| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[New Town, Kolkata]] (R) |shape-color18=#C40000
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|38|0|N|88|32|40|E}} | label19= Bidyadhari |labela19 =River| label-color19 = #77A1CB| label-angle19= 10| label-pos19=right| label-size19=10| mark-size19=0| mark-title19 =none}}

===Location===
Chandapur Champagachhi is located at {{coord|22.611267|N|88.538344|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
Rajarhat, a rural area earlier, adjacent to Kolkata, is being transformed into an upmarket satellite township, with modern business hubs, luxury real estate and eye-catching shopping malls. With enormous construction activity taking place all around, things are changing fast, leaving behind a description at any given point of time as outdated in no time.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://journals.openedition.org/samaj/5472 | title = Politics of a Transformative Rural: Development, Dispossession and Changing Caste-Relations in West Bengal, India | work= Ritanjan Das| publisher = Open edition journals, 21/2019 |accessdate = 22 June 2021}}</ref> Bidhannagar subdivision consists of [[Bidhannagar|Bidhannagar Municipality]], Mahishbathan II Gram Panchayat and [[Rajarhat|Rajarhat-Gopalpur Municipality]] (subsequently merged to form [[Bidhannagar Municipal Corporation]] since 2015), including Nabadiganta Industrial Township (Bidhannagar Sector - V) and [[Rajarhat (Community development block)]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BMC Profile|url=http://www.bmcwbgov.in/index.php/about-us/bmc-profile|access-date=2021-06-22|archive-date=2020-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807111508/http://www.bmcwbgov.in/index.php/about-us/bmc-profile|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Change of guard|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/change-of-guard/cid/1471266}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://north24parganas.gov.in/pdf/notice%20220615.pdf|title=Notification No. 401/MA/O/C4/1A-12/2012 dated 18 Jun 2015|access-date=11 May 2018|publisher=Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726060058/http://north24parganas.gov.in/pdf/notice%20220615.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Chandapur Champagachhi had a total population of 6,431, of which 3,260 (51%) were males and 3,171 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 844. The total number of literate persons in Chandapur Champagachhi was 4,494 (80.44% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1911_PART_B_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, North Twnty Four Parganas, Series 20, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 323770, pages 38-39|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 18 June 2021}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the ''District Census Handbook, North Twenty Four Parganas'', 2011, Chandapur Champagachhi covered an area of 2.1409 km2. It had 5 km roads, with open drains. The protected water-supply involved tap water from treated sources, hand pumps. It had 1,000 domestic electric connections, 70 road light points. Among the medical facilities it had 3 medicine shops. Among the educational facilities, it had 2 primary schools, 2 middle schools, 1 secondary school, 1 senior secondary school. The nearest college was 12 km away at [[Bidhannagar]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 781-783 Statement I: Growth History, Pages 799-803: Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 803-805 Section V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |accessdate = 16 June 2021}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
Rekjoani Rural Hospital at [[Rekjuani]] with 30 beds functions as the main medical facility in Rajarhat CD block.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 24 May 2018 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{North 24 Parganas District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in North 24 Parganas district]]

Bengali traditional dress

2026-03-23T06:49:16Z

Jameshowlett179011:

{{Short description|Clothing traditions of West Bengal, India}}
{{Bengalis}}
{{Culture of Bengal}}
'''Bengali traditional dress''' encompasses the clothing traditions of the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. The attire has been influenced by centuries of cultural evolution, religious practices, and geographical conditions. Bengali clothing is renowned for its simplicity, elegance, and comfort while showcasing intricate artistry and vibrant designs. {{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}

== Men's traditional attire ==
* [[Kurta|Panjabi]]: Also known as a '''''[[kurta]]''''', is a traditional upper-body garment worn by men in [[Bengal]]. It is a long, loose-fitting shirt, typically reaching the knees, and is often made of cotton or silk. It features intricate embroidery, patterns, or minimal designs, paired with a [[lungi]] or [[Pajamas|pajama]] for formal or cultural occasions, as well for casual wearing.
* [[Lungi]]: A traditional wraparound garment worn by men in Bengal, typically made of cotton. It features vibrant checks, stripes, or floral patterns, and is secured by folding or knotting at the waist. Comfortable and breathable, it is worn casually or formally, reflecting regional identity and practicality.
* [[Dhoti]]: A long piece of unstitched cloth, traditionally white or cream-colored, wrapped around the waist and legs. It is often paired with a ''[[Kurta|panjabi]]''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=17 April 2018 |title=Evolution of Bengali Costumes |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/302810/Evolution-of-Bengali-Costumes |access-date=2025-01-06 |work=Daily Sun |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Sherwani]]: A local styled, long, elegant coat worn over a kurta, made of silk or [[brocade]], often embroidered with [[zari]] or [[Sequin|sequins]]. It features a high collar and fitted sleeves, paired with trousers or [[churidar]]. A symbol of sophistication, it’s worn at weddings and grand events, reflecting mostly;[[Bengali Muslims|Bengali Muslim]] cultural heritage.

== Women's traditional attire ==
* [[Saree]]: The ''saree'' is the most iconic dress for Bengali women. It is a long piece of fabric, draped elegantly over the body. Popular Bengali sarees include:<ref name=":2" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Bengali people]]
[[Category:Culture of Bengal]]
[[Category:Folk costumes]]

Atharvaa

2026-03-22T21:59:59Z

Jameshowlett179011: fix formatting per standard format and added references

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{About|the actor|other uses|Atharva (disambiguation){{!}}Atharva}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Atharvaa
| birth_name = Vijay Murali
| image = Atharvaa at Eetti Success Meet (cropped).jpg
| caption = Atharvaa Murali at ''[[Eetti]]'' Success Meet
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|5|7|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2010–Present
| parents = {{unbulleted list|[[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]]|Shobha Murali}}
| relatives = [[S. Siddalingaiah]] (Grand Father) [[Daniel Balaji]] (Uncle) Akash Murali (brother)
}}

'''Atharvaa Murali (born Vijay Murali)''' is an Indian actor who works in [[Tamil cinema]]. The son of actor [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]] and grandson of director [[S. Siddalingaiah]], Atharvaa began his acting career with ''[[Baana Kaathadi]]'' (2010).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.moviegalleri.in/2010/05/muralis-praises-for-his-son-adharva.html |title=Murali's Praises For His Son Adharva |website=News.moviegalleri.in |date=4 May 2010 |access-date=10 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915143802/http://news.moviegalleri.in/2010/05/muralis-praises-for-his-son-adharva.html |archive-date=15 September 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He then garnered critical acclaim for his performance as a youngster suffering from [[delusion]] in the romantic thriller ''[[Muppozhudhum Un Karpanaigal]]'' (2012), before signing on to feature in [[Bala (director)|Bala]]'s [[period film]] ''[[Paradesi (2013 film)|Paradesi]]'' (2013). His role as a rural villager held as a slave in a tea plantation became his breakthrough performance, earning Atharvaa a [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Filmfare Award for Best Actor in Tamil]].

==Career==

===2010–2017===
In 2009, his father found him an offer to play the lead role in a film to be produced by [[Sathya Jyothi Films]] and directed by [[Badri Venkatesh]]. Titled ''[[Baana Kaathadi]]'', the film launched in March 2009 and had Atharvaa pair up with fellow rookie actress [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu|Samantha]]. Portraying a youngster from the [[Royapuram]] slum area, he stayed in the locality for forty-five days to learn about the lifestyle, while he also learned to fly a kite for the film, canning scenes at the [[International Kite Festival in Gujarat – Uttarayan|Gujarat Kite Festival]].<ref>[http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article202852.ece ‘I wanted to become a dhobi’] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306151928/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article202852.ece |date=6 March 2016 }}. The New Indian Express. Retrieved 29 December 2015.</ref> The film, which also had Murali making a special appearance, released in August 2010 with critics mostly praising his debut performance with [[Sify|Sify.com]] writing he "makes a promising debut and he dances and emotes well".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/baana-kaathadi-review-tamil-14952416.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225234534/http://www.sify.com/movies/baana-kaathadi-review-tamil-14952416.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 December 2013 |title=Movie Review : Baana Kaathadi |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=25 October 2013}}</ref> Similarly a critic from [[Rediff.com]] added "romance is a cake-walk" for the actor, drawing comparison with his father's performances in romantic roles, though noted "his dialogue delivery is a little too melodramatic".<ref>[http://movies.rediff.com/review/2010/aug/06/south-tamil-review-baana-kathadi.htm Tamil's Kites could have been better – Rediff.com Movies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908201815/http://movies.rediff.com/review/2010/aug/06/south-tamil-review-baana-kathadi.htm |date=8 September 2014 }}. Movies.rediff.com (6 August 2010). Retrieved 29 December 2015.</ref> He subsequently gained recognition at the [[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Awards]] for Best Debut Actor, while also receiving a nomination from [[Vijay Award for Best Debut Actor|the Vijay Awards]] in the same category. The success of the film prompted Murali to begin pre-production on a Tamil and Kannada bilingual film which would feature Atharvaa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/a-fathers-dream-come-true/articleshow/21642350.cms|title=A father's dream come true|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=30 March 2011|access-date=16 May 2023|archive-date=16 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516023927/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/a-fathers-dream-come-true/articleshow/21642350.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> However, a month after ''Baana Kaathadi'''s release, his father Murali died after suffering cardiac arrest. Atharvaa consequently took a break to spend time with his family, before beginning work on a different venture.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/95012/popular-kannada-tamil-actor-murali.html |title=Popular Kannada, Tamil actor Murali dead |publisher=Deccanherald.com |date=31 August 2010 |access-date=10 September 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100911074649/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/95012/popular-kannada-tamil-actor-murali.html| archive-date= 11 September 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>
[[File:Atharvaa Samantha 61st Filmfare Awards South.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Atharvaa receiving [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor – Tamil Award]] at the [[61st Filmfare Awards South]] from [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]] for his performance in the film ''[[Paradesi (2013 film)|Paradesi]]'' (2013)]]

[[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] had previously shown interest in directing Atharvaa for a film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tamilvix.com/gautham-menon-considers-adharva/ |title=Gautham Menon considers Adharva |publisher=TamilVix.Com |access-date=10 September 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100808162101/http://www.tamilvix.com/gautham-menon-considers-adharva/| archive-date= 8 August 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> A year later, his next release was ''[[Muppozhudhum Un Karpanaigal]]'' where he played a youngster suffering from hallucinations, film had an average collection and his performance was stated by [[Sify|Sify.com]] as “good but has miles to go in the histrionics department and voice modulation”.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/muppozhudhum-un-karpanaigal-review-tamil-14992143.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407015602/http://www.sify.com/movies/muppozhudhum-un-karpanaigal-review-tamil-14992143.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 April 2013 |title=Movie Review : Muppozhudhum Un Karpanaigal |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=25 October 2013}}</ref> His biggest movie was ''[[Paradesi (2013 film)|Paradesi]]'' under the direction of [[Bala (director)|Bala]], for which he won multiple awards including the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]]. His next film was [[A. Sarkunam|Sargunam]]'s ''[[Chandi Veeran]]'' alongside actress [[Anandhi (actress)|Anandhi]], which was a flop the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.xhitmovies.in/atharva-hits-and-flops-movies-list/ |title=Arthava Hits and Flops Movie List |access-date=14 August 2021 |archive-date=14 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814235155/https://www.xhitmovies.in/atharva-hits-and-flops-movies-list/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Atharvaa's ''[[Eetti]]'', a sports drama film produced by [[S. Michael Rayappan]], in which he pairs up with [[Sri Divya]] and the thriller ''[[Kanithan]]'' in which he features alongside [[Catherine Tresa]], were hits in the box office. In January 2016, he announced that he had set up a production studio called Kickass Entertainment. The first film under his banner would be directed by Badri Venkatesh, who had introduced Atharvaa as an actor.<ref>{{cite news|author=Metroplus |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/atharvaa-turns-producer/article8054880.ece?secpage=true&secname=entertainment |title=Atharvaa turns producer |work=The Hindu|date = January 2016|access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[Gemini Ganeshanum Suruli Raajanum]]'' was released, starring the movie along with [[Aishwarya Rajesh]], [[Regina Cassandra]], [[Pranitha Subhash|Pranitha]] and [[Aaditi Pohankar]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/gemini-ganeshanum-suruli-raajanum-movie-review-atharvaa-soori-1024439-2017-07-15 |title=Gemini Ganeshanum Suruli Raajanum movie review: A dumb comedy about relationships – Movies News |publisher=Indiatoday.in |date=15 July 2017 |access-date=18 January 2020 |archive-date=15 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815095031/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/gemini-ganeshanum-suruli-raajanum-movie-review-atharvaa-soori-1024439-2017-07-15 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===2018–present===

After several delays, Atharvaa's debut production ''[[Semma Botha Aagathey]]'' (2018), directed by Badri Venkatesh released and was an average success.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/semma-botha-aagathey/semma-botha-aagatha-review.html|title=Semma Botha Aagathey (Aka) Semma Bodha Aagatha review|date=29 June 2018|access-date=5 May 2021|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505200216/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/semma-botha-aagathey/semma-botha-aagatha-review.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He later appeared in 2018’s ''[[Imaikkaa Nodigal]]'' in which he acted as [[Nayanthara]]'s brother (Arjun), a role that received major recognition.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/imaikkaa-nodigal-review-nayanthara-anurag-kashyap-are-great-script-lacking-87573 |title='Imaikkaa Nodigal' review: Nayanthara, Anurag Kashyap are great, but script is lacking |publisher=The News Minute |date=31 August 2018 |access-date=18 January 2020 |archive-date=14 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814051939/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/imaikkaa-nodigal-review-nayanthara-anurag-kashyap-are-great-script-lacking-87573 |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2019, ''[[Boomerang (2019 film)|Boomerang]]'', featuring alongside [[Megha Akash]], was released to average reviews.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/boomerang/movie-review/68317654.cms |title=Boomerang Movie Review {2.5/5}: The movie's plot is interesting enough to entertain the audience, but the screenplay falters as the story progresses |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=8 March 2019 |access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref> In September 2019, Atharvaa made his Telugu debut in the film ''[[Gaddalakonda Ganesh]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/atharvaa-makes-his-telugu-film-debut-with-valmiki/article29449437.ece |title=Atharvaa makes his Telugu film debut with 'Valmiki' |work=The Hindu |date=18 September 2019 |access-date=18 January 2020 |last1=Chowdhary |first1=Y. Sunita |archive-date=21 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921190442/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/atharvaa-makes-his-telugu-film-debut-with-valmiki/article29449437.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
Atharvaa was initially considered to play the young Aditha Karikalan in [[Mani Ratnam]]’s 2022 film ''[[Ponniyin Selvan]]'', however, the part ultimately went to Aswin Rao.

In 2021, Atharvaa was seen in ''[[Navarasa (web series)|Navarasa]]'', an anthology streaming television series on [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebeyondnews.com/Entertainment/Navarasa-Web-Series-2021%3A-release-date-cast-story-teaser-trailer-first-look-rating-reviews-box-office-collection-and-preview/1238|title=Navarasa Web Series 2021: Release date, cast, story, teaser, trailer, first look, rating, reviews, box office collection and preview|access-date=23 December 2021|archive-date=23 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223212643/https://www.thebeyondnews.com/Entertainment/Navarasa-Web-Series-2021:-release-date-cast-story-teaser-trailer-first-look-rating-reviews-box-office-collection-and-preview/1238|url-status=live}}</ref> He then starred in ''[[Thalli Pogathey (film)|Thalli Pogathey]]'', remake of the Telugu film ''[[Ninnu Kori]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/thalli-pogathey-remake-a-faithful-remake--review-tamil-vmyi4tdfjdgee.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224103134/https://www.sify.com/movies/thalli-pogathey-remake-a-faithful-remake--review-tamil-vmyi4tdfjdgee.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 December 2021|title = Thalli Pogathey review: A faithful remake|website=[[Sify]] }}</ref> Next year, he was seen the action films such as ''[[Kuruthi Aattam]]'' (2022), ''[[Trigger (2022 film)|Trigger]]'' (2022) and ''[[Pattathu Arasan]]'' (2022).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2022/Aug/06/kuruthi-aattam-movie-review-this-gangster-filmlacks-emotional-heft-2484489.html|title = 'Kuruthi Aattam' movie review: This gangster film lacks emotional heft}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/Sep/28/trigger-movie-review-great-action-set-pieces-but-just-all-over-the-place-2502857.html|title = 'Trigger' movie review: Great action set-pieces but just all over the place}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/Nov/26/pattathu-arasan-movie-review-a-run-of-the-mill-rural-sports-family-drama-2522133.html|title = 'Pattathu Arasan' movie review: A run-of-the-mill rural sports-family drama}}</ref> In 2023, he plays as DCP in the gangster drama television series ''[[Mathagam]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/Oct/12/kids-are-exposed-toadult-content-on-ottprasath-murugesan-2623021.html|title = ‘Kids are exposed to adult content on OTT’: Prasath Murugesan}}</ref> Atharvaa joined with [[R. Sarathkumar]] and [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] in [[Karthick Naren]]'s ''[[Nirangal Moondru]]'' (2024), a hyperlink thriller that explores the various emotions and dimensions of a person.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2024/Nov/18/the-good-the-bad-and-the-grey-in-nirangal-moondru|title = The good, the bad, and the grey in 'Nirangal Moondru'}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Baana Kaathadi]]'' || Ramesh || Debut film
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Ko (film)|Ko]]'' || Himself || Special appearance in "Aga Naga" song
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Muppozhudhum Un Karpanaigal]]'' || Ramachandran ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Paradesi (2013 film)|Paradesi]]'' || Raasa ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Irumbu Kuthirai]]'' || Michael Prithviraj Narayanan||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2015 || ''[[Chandi Veeran]]'' || Paari ||
|-
| ''[[Eetti]]'' || Pugazhenthi Subramaniam ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Kanithan]]'' || Gowtham Ramalingam ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Gemini Ganeshanum Suruli Raajanum]]'' || Gemini Ganeshan ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018 || ''[[Semma Botha Aagathey]]''|| Ramesh || Also producer
|-
| ''[[Imaikkaa Nodigal]]'' || Dr. Arjun Prabhakar ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2019 || ''[[Boomerang (2019 film)|Boomerang]]'' || Shiva and Shakthi || [[Double role]]
|-
| ''[[100 (2019 film)|100]]'' || SI Sathya Ganesh ||
|-
| ''[[Gaddalakonda Ganesh]]'' || Abhilash || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film
|-
|2021 || ''[[Thalli Pogathey (film)|Thalli Pogathey]]'' || Karthik ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022 || ''[[Kuruthi Aattam]]'' || Shakthivel ||
|-
| ''[[Trigger (2022 film)|Trigger]]'' || Prabhakaran IPS ||
|-
|''[[Pattathu Arasan]]''|| Chinnadurai ||
|-
|2024 || ''[[Nirangal Moondru]]'' || Vetri Selvam ||
|-
|rowspan="2" |2025 || ''[[DNA (2025 film)|DNA]]'' || Anand ||
|-
|''[[Thanal (2025 film)|Thanal]]''|| R. Akilan Ranganathan || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thanal movie review: Atharvaa leads thriller that flickers but never ignites |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/thanal-movie-review-atharvaa-leads-a-thriller-that-flickers-but-never-fully-ignites/c0b8366cbf356 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2026 || ''[[Parasakthi (2026 film)|Parasakthi]]'' || Chinnadurai
| <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mK0QTleAg8k |title=PARASAKTHI -Title Teaser (Tamil) Sivakarthikeyan {{!}} Sudha Kongara {{!}} Ravi Mohan {{!}} GV Prakash{{!}} Atharvaa |date=2025-01-29 |last=Dawn Pictures |access-date=2025-12-22 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|{{Pending film|Idhayam Murali}} || {{TBA}}
|Filming<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdvlqnNqUVU |title=Idhayam Murali - Title Announcement {{!}} Atharvaa {{!}} Thaman S {{!}} Aakash {{!}} Preity {{!}} Kayadu {{!}} Niharika NM |date=2025-02-13 |last=Think Music India |access-date=2025-12-22 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|{{pending film|Address}}|| {{TBA}}
|Delayed<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iODA6bYqRPc |title=Atharva-வின் அதிரடி Address Movie Teaser {{!}} Address Teaser Review {{!}} Raja Mohan, Essaki Bharath |date=2021-06-22 |last=IndiaGlitz Tamil |access-date=2025-12-22 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Music Videos===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: left;"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Title
! scope="col"| Co-actor
! scope="col"| Director
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Ref(s)
|-
| 2018
| ''Bodhai Kodhai''
| [[Aishwarya Rajesh]]
| [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oA54cfoF2IQ: |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/oA54cfoF2IQ |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Bodhai Kodhai - Single Gautham Vasudev Menon, Karthik, Karky, Atharvaa, Aishwarya Rajesh|last=Ondraga Entertainment |date=14 June 2018 |access-date=30 April 2020|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
! Streaming Platform
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|2021
|''[[Navarasa (TV series)|Navarasa]]''
|Vetri
|[[Netflix]]
|Segment: ''Thunitha Pin''
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Mathagam]]''
|DCP Ashwath Rathnakumar IPS
|[[Disney+Hotstar]]
|
|
|}

=== Shows ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Channel
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|2023
|[[Kadhanayagi]]
|Guest
|[[Star Vijay|Vijay TV]]
|Guest
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 18, 2023 |title=சின்னத்திரையில் என்ட்ரி கொடுக்கும் நடிகர் அதர்வா.. ஆரம்பமே அசத்தல்.. நடிகர் சரத்குமார் சொன்ன வார்த்தை |url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/television/actor-atharva-making-his-entry-on-the-small-screen-actor-sarathkumar-who-is-cracking-jokes-530821.html |access-date=August 18, 2023 |archive-date=9 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209114431/https://tamil.oneindia.com/television/actor-atharva-making-his-entry-on-the-small-screen-actor-sarathkumar-who-is-cracking-jokes-530821.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable sortable" class="wikitable"
!Film
!Award
!Category
!Result
!Ref.
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[Baana Kaathadi]]''
|[[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Award]]
|Best Male Debutant
|{{won}}
|
|-
|[[Vijay Award]]
|Best Debut Actor
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|rowspan=8|''[[Paradesi (2013 film)|Paradesi]]''
|[[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]]
| rowspan="2" |Best Actor
|{{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vikatan.com/anandavikatan/2014-jan-08/vikatan-awards-2013/90894.html |title=ஆனந்த விகடன் விருதுகள் 2013 – 1 |date=8 January 2014 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta |trans-title=Ananda Vikatan Awards 2013 – 1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519152615/http://www.vikatan.com/anandavikatan/2014-jan-08/vikatan-awards-2013/90894.html |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=19 May 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vikatan.com/cinema/vikatanawards//winners-list-2013.html |title=Ananda Vikatan Awards 2013 Winners |website=Ananda Vikatan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519154858/http://www.vikatan.com/cinema/vikatanawards//winners-list-2013.html |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=19 May 2017 }}</ref>
|-
|[[BFI London Film Festival]]
|{{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://southscope.in/london-international-filmmakers-film-festival-nominates-director-balas-paradesi-vagabond/ |title=London international filmmakers film festival nominates director Bala's "Paradesi" (Vagabond) in eight categories |last=Pyarilal |first=Vasanth |date=21 August 2013 |website=[[South Scope]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703090314/http://southscope.in/london-international-filmmakers-film-festival-nominates-director-balas-paradesi-vagabond/ |archive-date=3 July 2017 |access-date=26 May 2017}}</ref>
|-
|[[11th Chennai International Film Festival]]
|Special Jury Award
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/offbeat-films-earn-laurels-at-ciff/article5479609.ece |title=Offbeat films earn laurels at CIFF |date=20 December 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=19 May 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519173430/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/offbeat-films-earn-laurels-at-ciff/article5479609.ece |archive-date=19 May 2017}}</ref>
|-
|[[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Awards]]
|Extreme Performance – Male
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2014/feb/17/Director-Atlee-Tapsee-Among-Recipients-of-Edison-Award-576520.html |title=Director Atlee, Tapsee Among Recipients of Edison Award |date=17 February 2014 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=19 May 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519163624/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2014/feb/17/Director-Atlee-Tapsee-Among-Recipients-of-Edison-Award-576520.html |archive-date=19 May 2017}}</ref>
|-
|[[61st Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor – Tamil]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-61st-idea-filmfare-awards-south-6712-1.html |title=Winners of 61st Idea Filmfare Awards South |date=13 July 2014 |website=Filmfare |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519161743/http://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-61st-idea-filmfare-awards-south-6712.html |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=19 May 2017}}</ref>
|-
|[[Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards]]
| rowspan="3" |Best Actor
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ntff.no/news/Tamilar%20Awards%202014 |title=Tamilar Awards 2014: Winners and finalists announced! |publisher=[[Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519164651/http://www.ntff.no/news/Tamilar%20Awards%202014 |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=19 May 2017 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|[[Techofes]] Awards
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/paradesi-sweeps-techofes14-awards-news-tamil-ocojNigaeagsi.html |title='Paradesi' sweeps Techofes'14 Awards |date=14 February 2014 |website=[[Sify]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519175848/http://www.sify.com/movies/paradesi-sweeps-techofes14-awards-news-tamil-ocojNigaeagsi.html |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=19 May 2017}}</ref>
|-
|[[8th Vijay Awards]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/vijay-awards-ajiths-arrambam-kamal-haasan-sivakarthikeyan-bag-awards-winners-list-603771 |title=Vijay Awards: Ajith's 'Arrambam', Kamal Haasan, Sivakarthikeyan Bag Awards [Winners List] |last=Seshagiri |first=Sangeetha |date=6 July 2014 |work=International Business Times |access-date=19 May 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519170623/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/vijay-awards-ajiths-arrambam-kamal-haasan-sivakarthikeyan-bag-awards-winners-list-603771 |archive-date=19 May 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite episode |title=8th Vijay Awards |series=Vijay Awards |network=[[Star Vijay]] |date=5 July 2014 |location=[[Chennai]]}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=1|''[[Gaddalakonda Ganesh]]''
|[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|Best Supporting Actor
|{{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://siima.in/2019-nominations.php |title=The 9th South Indian International Movie Awards Nominations for 2019 |website=[[South Indian International Movie Awards]] |access-date=22 August 2021 |archive-date=28 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828223640/https://siima.in/2019-nominations.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{Facebook|AtharvaaOfficial|Atharvaa Murali}}
* {{Twitter|AtharvaaMurali|Atharvaa Murali}}

{{FilmfareTamilBestActor}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Male actors from Chennai]]
[[Category:Kannada actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Tamil actors]]

Carry On Up the Khyber

2026-03-18T03:43:31Z

Jameshowlett179011: typo fix

{{short description|1968 British comedy film by Gerald Thomas}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox film | name = Carry On Up the Khyber
| image = Carry_On_up_the_Khyber.jpg
| caption = Original UK quad poster by [[Renato Fratini]]
| director = [[Gerald Thomas]]
| producer = [[Peter Rogers]]
| writer = [[Talbot Rothwell]]
| starring = [[Sid James]] [[Kenneth Williams]] [[Charles Hawtrey (actor, born 1914)|Charles Hawtrey]] [[Roy Castle]] [[Joan Sims]] [[Angela Douglas]] [[Terry Scott]] [[Bernard Bresslaw]] [[Peter Butterworth]]
| music = [[Eric Rogers (composer)|Eric Rogers]]
| cinematography = [[Ernest Steward]]
| editing = [[Alfred Roome]]
| distributor = [[The Rank Organisation]]
| released = {{film date|1968|11|28|df=y}}
| runtime = 88 minutes<ref>{{harvnb|Ross|1998|p=77}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Rigelsford|1996|p=163}}</ref>
| language = English
| country = United Kingdom
| budget = £235,637<ref>Chapman, J. (2022). The Money Behind the Screen: A History of British Film Finance, 1945-1985. Edinburgh University Press p 205.</ref>
}}

'''''Carry On Up the Khyber''''' is a 1968 [[British comedy]] film, the 16th in the [[Carry On (film series)|series of 31 ''Carry On'' films]] (1958–1992).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6a737435|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712004916/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6a737435|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-07-12|title=Carry On... Up the Khyber (1968)|publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref> It stars ''Carry On'' regulars [[Sid James]], [[Kenneth Williams]], [[Charles Hawtrey (actor, born 1914)|Charles Hawtrey]], [[Joan Sims]], [[Bernard Bresslaw]] and [[Peter Butterworth]]. It is the second of two Carry On film appearances by [[Wanda Ventham]]; and [[Roy Castle]] makes his only ''Carry On'' appearance, in the romantic male lead part usually played by [[Jim Dale]].<ref name="screen">{{cite web|url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/466528/|website=BFI Screenonline |title=Carry On... Up the Khyber (1968)|first=Sergio |last=Angelini}}</ref>

[[Angela Douglas]] makes her fourth and final appearance in the series. [[Terry Scott]] returned to the series after his minor role in the first film of the series, ''[[Carry On Sergeant]]'' a decade earlier. The film is, in part, a spoof of [[Rudyard Kipling|Kiplingesque]] movies and television series about life in the [[British Raj]], both contemporary and from earlier, Hollywood, periods. The title is a play on words in the risqué Carry On tradition, with "Khyber" (short for "[[Khyber Pass]]") being [[rhyming slang]] for "arse".<ref>{{cite web |title=The meaning and origin of the expression: Khyber pass |url=https://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/218100.html |website=The Phrase Finder |access-date=11 April 2021}}</ref> The film was followed by ''[[Carry On Camping]]'' (1969).

==Plot==
Sir Sidney Ruff-Diamond is [[Queen Victoria]]'s [[Governor General of India|Governor]] in the [[British India|Indian]] province of Kalabar near the [[Khyber Pass]]. The province is defended by the feared [[#The regiment|3rd Foot and Mouth Regiment]], who are said to [[True Scotsman|not wear anything]] under their [[kilt]]s. When a soldier, the inept Private Widdle, is found wearing [[Underwear|underpants]] after an encounter with the warlord Bungdit Din, chief of the warlike Burpa tribe, the [[Qadi#IndoPak Region|Khasi]] of Kalabar plans to use this information to incite a [[rebellion]] in Kalabar. He aims to dispel the "tough" image of the Devils in Skirts by revealing that, contrary to popular belief, they actually wear underpants underneath their kilts.

A diplomatic operation ensues on the part of the British, who fail to publicly prove that the incident was an aberration. In a subsequent inspection all soldiers present are found wearing underpants, prompting the Governor to issue a related command invoking the military manual. Meanwhile, the Governor's wife, in the hope of luring the Khasi into bed, takes a photograph of the inspection and takes it to him. With this hard evidence in hand, the Khasi would be able to muster a ferocious [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] invasion force, storm the Khyber Pass and capture India from the British; but Lady Ruff-Diamond insists that he sleep with her before she parts with the photograph. He delays on account of her unattractiveness, eventually taking her away with him to Bungdit Din's palace. Meanwhile, the Khasi's daughter, Princess Jelhi, reveals to the British Captain Keene, with whom she has fallen in love, that the Governor's wife has eloped, and a team is dispatched to ensure the return of both her and the photograph.

Disguised as Afghan generals and guided by Brother Belcher, a preacher whom they extort with the cooperation of a young woman, the interlopers are brought into the palace and, at the Khasi's suggestion, are introduced to Bungdit Din's sultry [[concubine]]s. Whilst enjoying the women in the harem, they are unmasked amid a farcical [[orgy]], imprisoned, and scheduled to be [[Execution|executed]] at sunset alongside the Governor's wife. Princess Jelhi aids their escape by disguising them as dancing girls, but during the entertaining of the Afghan generals, the Khasi, contemptuous of an annoying fakir's performance, demands that he see the dancing girls instead. After their disguises are seen through, the British and the Princess flee, but Lady Ruff-Diamond drops the photograph on leaving the palace through the gardens. The group returns to the Khyber Pass to find its guards massacred and their weapons comically mutilated, in a rare (albeit tainted) moment of poignancy.

All attempts to hold off the advancing Afghan invaders fail miserably, and a hasty retreat is beaten to the Residency. The Governor, meanwhile, has been entertaining, in numerical order, the Khasi's fifty-one wives, each one of them wishing to "right the wrong" that his own wife and the Khasi himself have supposedly committed against him. After a browbeating from his wife, Sir Sidney calls a crisis meeting regarding the invasion, in which he resolves to "do nothing"—until it is too late, as his aide notes. A [[black tie]] dinner is arranged for that evening. Dinner takes place during a prolonged penultimate scene, with contrapuntal snippets of the Khasi's army demolishing the Residency's exterior, and the officers and ladies ignoring the devastation as they dine amongst themselves. Shells shaking the building and plaster falling into the soup do not interrupt dinner, even when the fakir's severed – but still talking – head is served, courtesy of the Khasi. Only Brother Belcher fails to display a [[stiff upper lip]], and breaks his calm by panicking.

Finally, at Captain Keene's suggestion, the gentlemen walk outside to be greeted by a bloody battle being waged in the courtyard. Still dressed in black tie, Sir Sidney orders the Regiment to form a line and lift their kilts, this time exposing their (implied) lack of underwear. The invading Afghan army is terrified, and retreats at once. The gentlemen walk back inside to resume dinner, whilst Brother Belcher notices the [[Union Jack|Union flag]] flown by the governor bearing the slogan [[I'm Backing Britain]] and calls them "raving mad".

==Cast==
{{div col}}
*[[Sid James]] as Sir Sidney Ruff-Diamond
*[[Kenneth Williams]] as the Khasi of Kalabar
*[[Charles Hawtrey (actor, born 1914)|Charles Hawtrey]] as Private James Widdle
*[[Roy Castle]] as Captain Keene
*[[Joan Sims]] as Lady Joan Ruff-Diamond
*[[Bernard Bresslaw]] as Bungdit Din
*[[Peter Butterworth]] as Brother Belcher
*[[Terry Scott]] as Sergeant Major MacNutt
*[[Angela Douglas]] as Princess Jelhi
*[[Cardew Robinson]] as the fakir
*[[Peter Gilmore]] as Private Ginger Hale
*[[Julian Holloway]] as Major Shorthouse
*[[Leon Thau]] as Stinghi
*[[Michael Mellinger]] as Chindi
*[[Wanda Ventham]] as the Khasi's first wife
*[[Alexandra Dane]] as Busti
{{div col end}}

==Production==
===Writing===
The screenplay was written by [[Talbot Rothwell]]. Peter Rogers had liked Rothwell's writing so much after he had submitted the script for ''[[Carry On Jack]]'' that he asked him to become the ''Carry On'' staff writer; Rothwell wrote a further nineteen ''Carry On'' films.<ref name="Stevens">{{cite book |last= Stevens |first= Christopher|title= Born Brilliant: The Life of Kenneth Williams|publisher= John Murray|year= 2010|isbn = 978-1-84854-195-5|page=389}}</ref>

The film's fictional [[Scottish Highlands|Highland]] [[Scottish regiment|infantry regiment]] of the [[British Army]] was known as the 3rd [[Foot and Mouth]] Regiment. It is a regiment of [[Gaels|Highlanders]], known locally as "the Devils in Skirts" for their tradition of not wearing anything beneath their [[kilt]]s. The regimental tartans and bonnet badges designed for the unnamed Highland regiment in the 1960 film ''[[Tunes of Glory]]'' were rented for the production to kit out ''Carry On Up the Khyber's'' 3rd Foot and Mouth Regiment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://userhome.brooklyn.cuny.edu/anthro/jbeatty/Scotia/issue50/issue50a.html|title=Tartans Made for the Movies|accessdate=25 January 2022}}</ref> The [[pith helmet]]s and [[webbing]] were borrowed from the 1964 classic war film, ''[[Zulu (1964 film)|Zulu]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/snowdon-became-khyber-pass-carry-10953985|title=When Snowdon became Khyber Pass for Carry On film|newspaper=[[Daily Post (North Wales)|Daily Post]]|date=13 March 2016}}</ref>

===Filming===
The movie was shot between 8 April and 31 May 1968. Interiors were filmed at [[Pinewood Studios]], Buckinghamshire. [[Heatherden Hall]], the administrative offices of Pinewood Studios, was used as the governor's residence.
[[Image:CarryOnKhyberLlanberis.JPG|thumb|right|200px|A plaque in [[Llanberis]], [[Wales]], commemorates the filming of ''Carry On Up the Khyber'' ]]
The scenes on the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North West Frontier]] were filmed beneath the summit of [[Snowdon]] in [[North Wales]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitwales.com/holidays-breaks/days-out/tv-film-locations-uk/wales-on-film |title=Wales hosts Hollywood blockbusters |website=Visit Wales |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219232444/http://www.visitwales.com/holidays-breaks/days-out/tv-film-locations-uk/wales-on-film |archive-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> The lower part of the [[Watkin Path]] was used as the Khyber Pass with garrison and border gate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukonscreen.com/djidhbb-Carry-On-Up-The-Khyber-(1968).html|title=Where was 'Carry On Up The Khyber' filmed?|work=British Film Locations}}</ref> In September 2005, a plaque was unveiled in Snowdonia to commemorate the film and the location.<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/north_west/4296396.stm |title=Carry On Khyber plaque unveiled |access-date=13 November 2010|publisher=BBC News |date=30 September 2005}}</ref>

==Release==
The film was the second most popular movie at the UK box office in 1969.<ref>{{cite news |title=The World's Top Twenty Films |work=Sunday Times |date=27 September 1970 |page=27}}</ref>

==Reception==
''Carry On... Up the Khyber'' is frequently cited as the best entry in the series.<ref name="screen"/><ref>{{cite magazine|first=Stephen|last=Vagg|date=22 August 2025|access-date=22 August 2025|magazine=Filmink|url=https://www.filmink.com.au/forgotten-british-film-studios-the-rank-organisation-1968-1977/|title=Forgotten British Film Studios: The Rank Organisation 1968-1977}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Burton |first1=Alan |last2=Chibnall |first2=Steve |date=2013 |title=Historical Dictionary of British Cinema |publisher=Scarecrow Press |page=108 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q8SRjwJqwukC&pg=PA108 |isbn=9780810880269}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Luxford |first=Albert |date=2002 |title=Albert J. Luxford, the Gimmick Man: Memoir of a Special Effects Maestro |publisher=McFarland |isbn=9781476635446 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O69mDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87 |page=87}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Mike |date=2016 |title=Carry On Films: An Introduction to the British Comedy Phenomenon |publisher=Oldcastle Books |isbn=9781904048428}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hume |first1=Alan |last2=Owen |first2=Gareth |date=2004 |title=A Life Through the Lens: Memoirs of a Film Cameraman |publisher=McFarland |isbn=9780786418039 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uh6hBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA53 |page=53}}</ref> [[Colin MacCabe]], Professor of English at the [[University of Exeter]], labelled this film (together with ''[[Carry On Cleo]]'') as one of the best films of all time.<ref>{{cite news|last1=MacCabe|first1=Colin|title=Why ''Carry On Cleo'' and ''Carry On Up the Khyber'' are two of the best films ever|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/1999/jan/29/features|work=The Guardian|date=29 January 1999}}</ref>

In 1999, it was placed 99th on the [[BFI Top 100 British films|BFI's list]] of greatest British films ever made.

In a 2018 retrospective on the series, the [[British Film Institute]] named ''Carry On Up the Khyber'' as one of the series' five best films, alongside ''[[Carry On Cleo]]'' (1964), ''[[Carry On Screaming]]'' (1966), ''[[Carry On Camping]]'' (1969), and ''[[Carry On Matron]]'' (1972).<ref name="BFI">{{cite web|first=Neil |last=Mitchell |title=The 5 best Carry Ons… and the 5 worst |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/lists/five-best-carry-ons-five-worst |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |date=23 November 2018 |access-date=12 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415132835/https://www.bfi.org.uk/lists/five-best-carry-ons-five-worst |archive-date= 15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
;Citations
{{reflist}}

;Bibliography
*{{Cite book |last=Davidson |first=Andy |title=Carry On Confidential |publisher=Miwk |location=London |year=2012 |isbn=978-1908630018 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Sheridan |first=Simon |title=Keeping the British End Up – Four Decades of Saucy Cinema |publisher=Titan Books |location=London |year=2011 |isbn=978-0857682796 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Webber |first=Richard |title=50 Years of Carry On |publisher=Arrow |location=London |year=2009 |isbn=978-0099490074 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Hudis |first=Norman |title=No Laughing Matter |publisher=Apex |location=London |year=2008 |isbn=978-1906358150 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Ross |first=Robert |title=The Carry On Companion |publisher=Batsford |location=London |year=1998 |orig-year=1996 |isbn=0-7134-8439-X }}
*{{Cite book |last1=Bright|first1=Morris | last2=Ross |first2=Robert |title=Mr Carry On – The Life & Work of Peter Rogers |publisher=BBC Books |location=London |year=2000 |isbn=978-0563551836 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Rigelsford |first=Adrian |author-link = Adrian Rigelsford|title=Carry On Laughing – a celebration |publisher=Virgin |location=London |year=1996 |isbn=1-85227-554-5 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Hibbin |first=Sally & Nina |title=What a Carry On |publisher=Hamlyn |location=London |year=1988 |isbn=978-0600558194 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Eastaugh |first=Kenneth |title=The Carry On Book |publisher=David & Charles |location=London |year=1978 |isbn=978-0715374030 }}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0062782}}
* {{Rotten-tomatoes|carry_onup_the_khyber}}
* [http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/466528/ ''Carry on Up the Khyber'' at BFI Screenonline]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGshDSgVF-4 Filming ''Carry On Up The Khyber'', Snowdonia, 1968] – TV feature, including on-location interviews with Gerald Thomas and Kenneth Williams
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215021711/http://www.thewhippitinn.com/carry_on_films/carry_on_up_the_khyber/|title=''Carry On Up the Khyber'' at The Whippit Inn|date=15 February 2021}}
* [http://3rdfootandmouth.yolasite.com/ 3rd Foot & Mouth Recreation Group]

{{Carry On Films}}
{{Gerald Thomas}}

[[Category:1968 films]]
[[Category:1960s historical comedy films]]
[[Category:1960s parody films]]
[[Category:British Empire war films]]
[[Category:British historical comedy films]]
[[Category:British parody films]]
[[Category:Carry On films|Up the Khyber]]
[[Category:1968 English-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Gerald Thomas]]
[[Category:Films set in 1895]]
[[Category:Films set in the British Raj]]
[[Category:Films shot at Pinewood Studios]]
[[Category:Films shot in Wales]]
[[Category:Films set in India]]
[[Category:Films set in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
[[Category:Films produced by Peter Rogers]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Talbot Rothwell]]
[[Category:1968 comedy films]]
[[Category:1968 British films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Eric Rogers (composer)]]
[[Category:Khyber Pass]]
[[Category:English-language historical comedy films]]

Tishani Doshi

2026-03-15T09:35:27Z

Jameshowlett179011: added the entry needs work

{{Short description|Indian writer (born 1975)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox writer
| image = Tishani Doshi profile 1.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Doshi at the [[Brooklyn Book Festival]]
| name = Tishani Doshi
| honorific_suffix = [[ Royal Society of Literature|FRSL]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1975|12|09|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], India
| occupation = Poet, writer, dancer
| alma_mater = [[Queens University of Charlotte]] (BS) [[Johns Hopkins University]] (MA)
| website = {{URL|http://www.tishanidoshi.com/}}
| spouse = Carlo Pizzati
| awards = [[Forward Prizes for Poetry|Forward Prize]] (2006)
| notable_works = ''Small Days and Nights'' ''Countries of the Body''
| period = 2006–pres
| citizenship = India
}}

'''Tishani Doshi''' [[Royal Society of Literature#Fellowship|FRSL]] (born 9 December 1975) is an Indian [[poet]], [[journalist]] and [[Dance|dancer]] based in [[Chennai]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.theguardian.com/profile/tishanidoshi|title= Tishani Doshi Profile|work=The Guardian|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> In 2006, she won the [[Forward Prizes for Poetry#Best First Collection|Forward Prize for Best First Collection]] for ''Countries of the Body''. Her poetry book ''A God at the Door'' was later shortlisted for the 2021 [[Forward Prizes for Poetry#Best Collection|Forward Prize for Best Collection]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jun/08/forward-poetry-prizes-shortlist-former-young-peoples-laureate-caleb-femi|title=Forward Poetry Prizes Shortlist|work=The Guardian|date=8 June 2021|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> She was elected a [[Royal Society of Literature#Fellowship|Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature]] in 2023.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/jul/12/royal-society-of-literature-aims-to-broaden-representation-as-it-announces-62-new-fellows|title=Royal Society of Literature aims to broaden representation as it announces 62 new fellows|first=Ella|last=Creamer|newspaper=The Guardian|date=12 July 2023}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Doshi was born in [[Chennai|Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India, to a [[Welsh people|Welsh]] mother and [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] father. She completed a bachelor's degree in the United States, at [[Queens University of Charlotte]]. She graduated with a master's degree in creative writing from the [[Johns Hopkins University]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/tishani-doshi|title=Tishani Doshi - Literary Profile|publisher=Poetry Foundation|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref>

==Career==
Doshi works as a freelance writer and journalist. She has worked with choreographer [[Chandralekha (dancer)|Chandralekha]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://theasianwriter.wordpress.com/2008/11/11/a-pleasure-to-meet-tishani-doshi/|title=''A Pleasure to Meet Tishani Doshi'' interview|access-date=11 May 2009}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Her short story "Lady Cassandra, Spartacus and the Dancing man" was published in its entirety in the journal ''[[The Drawbridge]]'' in 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedrawbridge.org.uk/issue_7/lady_cassandra_spartacus_and_t/|title=Lady Cassandra, Spartacus and the dancing man|newspaper=[[The Drawbridge]]|date=Winter 2007|access-date=11 May 2009|archive-date=29 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129051826/http://www.thedrawbridge.org.uk/issue_7/lady_cassandra_spartacus_and_t/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Her poetry collection, ''Everything Begins Elsewhere'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coppercanyonpress.org/books/everything-begins-elsewhere-by-tishani-doshi/|title=Copper Canyon Press: Everything Begins Elsewhere, poetry by Tishani Doshi|website=www.CopperCanyonPress.org|access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref> was published by [[Bloodaxe Books]] in the UK in 2012 and by [[Copper Canyon Press]] in the US in 2013.

==Award winning works==
In 2001, Doshi won the [[Eric Gregory Award]] for young poets under 30 years. Doshi's first poetry collection, ''Countries of the Body'', was launched in 2006 at the [[Hay Festival]] on a platform with [[Seamus Heaney]], [[Margaret Atwood]], and others. The opening poem, "The Day We Went to the Sea", won the 2005 [[British Council]]-supported [[All India Poetry Prize]]. The book won the 2006 [[Forward Prizes for Poetry|Forward Prize]] for best first collection.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5407622.stm|title=Tishani Doshi, 31, wins the £5,000 best first collection prize for ''Countries of the Body''|work=[[BBC News]]|date=2006-10-05 |access-date=11 May 2009}}</ref> Her first novel, ''The Pleasure Seekers'', was published by [[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]] in 2010. It was long-listed for the [[Women's Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize]] in 2011,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orangeprize.co.uk/prize.html|title=Corporate Website of Orange - orange.com|website=www.OrangePrize.co.uk|access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref> and also shortlisted for [[The Hindu Literary Prize]] in 2010.{{fact|date=July 2021}}

Her poetry book ''Girls Are Coming Out of the Woods''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://harpercollins.co.in/book/girls-are-coming-out-of-the-woods/|title=HarperCollinsPublishers India - Girls Are Coming Out of the Woods|website=HarperCollins.co.in|access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref> was a [[Poetry Book Society|Poetry Book Society Recommendation]] and was shortlisted for the [[Ted Hughes Award]] in 2018. Her 2019 book, ''Small Days and Nights'', was shortlisted for the 2020 [[Ondaatje Prize]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shortlist for £10,000 Ondaatje Prize announced|url=https://www.booksandpublishing.com.au/articles/2020/04/21/149455/shortlist-for-10000-ondaatje-prize-announced/|last=|first=|date=2020-04-21|website=Books+Publishing|language=en-AU|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref>
Doshi has been a finalist at Outlook-Picador Non-Fiction Competition. She also received honorary invitation to the poetry galas of [[Hay Festival]] of 2006 and [[Cartagena Hay Festival]] of 2007.{{fact|date=July 2021}}

==Other activities==
Doshi delivered the keynote address at the 13th annual St. Martin Book Fair<ref>{{cite web|url=http://houseofnehesipublish.com/sxm/st-martin-book-fair/|title=St. Martin Book Fair - Welcome to House of Nehesi Publishers|website=HouseOfNehesiPublish.com|access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref> on the Caribbean island country of [[Sint Maarten]] ([[Saint Martin (island)|Saint Martin]]) in 2015. Her book ''The Adulterous Citizen: Poems, Stories, Essays'' (2015) was launched at the festival by House of Nehesi Publishers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://houseofnehesipublish.com/sxm/|title=Welcome to House of Nehesi Publishers|website=HouseOfNehesiPublish.com|access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref>

She writes a blog titled "Hit or Miss" on [[ESPNcricinfo]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://content.cricinfo.com/iplpage2/content/site/iplpage2/genre.html?genre=281|title=''Hit or Miss'' main page|access-date=11 May 2009}}</ref> a cricket-related website. In the blog, which she started writing in April 2009, Doshi makes observations and commentaries as a television viewer of the second season of the [[Indian Premier League]]. She is also collaborating with cricketer [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] on his biography, to be published when he retires.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://content.cricinfo.com/iplpage2/content/story/398082.html|title=First cricinfo article|access-date=11 May 2009}}</ref>

==Books==
* 2006: ''Countries of the Body'' (poetry) {{ISBN|9781899179077}}
* 2008: ''Conflict and Instability'' (with [<nowiki/>[[Tobias Hill]]] and Aoife Mannix) {{ISBN|9780312172541}}
* 2010: ''The Pleasure Seekers'' (fiction) {{ISBN|9781408815441}}
* 2012: ''Everything Begins Elsewhere'' (poetry), [[Bloodaxe Books]], UK, 2012; [[Copper Canyon Press]], United States, 2013. {{ISBN|9781322641911}}
* 2013: ''Fountainville'' (fiction), [[Seren Books]] {{ISBN|9781781721087}}
* 2013: ''Madras Then, Chennai Now'' (with [[Nanditha Krishna]])<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Doshi|first1=Tishani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MXDJnAEACAAJ&q=Madras+Then,+Chennai+Now|title=Madras Then Chennai Now|last2=Krishan|first2=Nandita|date=2013|publisher=Roli Books|isbn=978-81-7436-914-7|language=en}}</ref> {{ISBN|9788174369147}}
* 2015: ''The Adulterous Citizen: Poems, Stories, Essays'' (House of Nehesi Publishers)<ref>{{cite book|title=The Adulterous Citizen ― poems, stories, essays|first=Tishani|last=Doshi|date=4 June 2015|publisher=House of Nehesi Publishers|isbn=978-0996224222}}</ref> {{ISBN|9780996224222}}
* 2017: ''Girls Are Coming out of the Woods'' (poetry), [[HarperCollins]], India;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://harpercollins.co.in/book/girls-are-coming-out-of-the-woods/|title=HarperCollinsPublishers India - Girls Are Coming Out of the Woods|website=HarperCollins.co.in|access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref> [[Bloodaxe Books]], UK, 2018; [[Copper Canyon Press]], United States, 2018. {{ISBN|9781556595509}}
* 2019: ''Small Days and Nights'' (Bloomsbury) {{ISBN|9781324005230}}
* 2021: ''A god at the door '' {{ISBN|9781556594526}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Tishani Doshi}}
* {{Official website|http://www.TishaniDoshi.com}}
* [https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/tishani-doshi Tishani Doshi] at the [[Poetry Foundation]]
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Doshi, Tishani}}
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:Gujarati writers]]
[[Category:Indian people of Welsh descent]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Poets from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Women writers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Writers from Chennai]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women poets]]

Vineet Vohra

2026-03-15T08:50:32Z

Jameshowlett179011: added new entry and citations

{{Short description|Indian street photographer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vineet Vohra
| image = Vineet Vohra.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age text|02 November 1973}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| education =
| occupation = [[Street photography|Street photographer]]
| known_for =
| years_active = 2001–present
| spouse =
| website =
}}
'''Vineet Vohra''' (born 2 November 1973)<ref>{{cite news |title=Vineet Vohra |url=https://int.oberwerth.com/pages/vineet-vohra |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=Oberwerth Bags |language=en}}</ref> is an [[India]]n street photographer.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Seerat |title=On street photography in India |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/street-view/article24134561.ece |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=11 June 2018 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=G |first1=Gokul M. |title=Life through her lens |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sunday-chronicle/headliners/280419/life-through-her-lens.html |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=28 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Holding a mirror up to society': Foto Biennale 2023 begins |url=https://www.thecourier.com.au/story/8323396/holding-a-mirror-up-to-society-foto-biennale-2023-begins/ |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=[[The Courier (Ballarat)]] |date=25 August 2023 |language=en-AU}}</ref> He is also nominator for LOBA ([[Leica Oskar Barnack Award]]).<ref>{{cite news |title=The nominators / Leica Oskar Barnack Award |url=https://www.leica-oskar-barnack-award.com/en/loba-2024/the-nominators.html |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=[[Leica Oskar Barnack Award|LOBA]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and career==

Vohra was born on 2 November 1973 in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chadha |first1=Anjani |title=Delhi through the eyes of shutterbugs |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2022/Jul/12/delhi-through-the-eyes-of-shutterbugs-2475624.html |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=12 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> He has completed his fine art degree in [[College of Art, Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Alex |title=This street photographer embodies the art of being in the right place at the right time |url=https://www.diyphotography.net/this-street-photographer-embodies-the-art-of-being-in-the-right-place-at-the-right-time/ |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=DIY Photography |date=18 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Finding visual poetry of festivals on city streets |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/finding-visual-poetry-of-festivals-on-city-streets/articleshow/113129899.cms |access-date=3 November 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=7 September 2024}}</ref>

In 2001 he started street photography<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vohra |first1=Vineet |date=24 August 2024 |title=The Indian street photographer capturing moments of serendipity |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/photography-culture/article/the-indian-street-photographer-capturing-moments-of-serendipity-srnr3rp3p |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |language=en}}</ref> and his works were published in many publications including [[National Geographic]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Instagram Spotlight: Making Your Shot Shine |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/article/instagram-spotlight-making-your-shot-shine |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=[[National Geographic]] |date=4 June 2015 |language=en}}</ref> [[UNESCO]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Vineet Vohra's New Delhi – with a smile |url=https://courier.unesco.org/en/articles/vineet-vohras-new-delhi-smile |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> and [[The Guardian]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Travel photo of the week: a riot of colour at the Pushkar camel fair, India |url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/picture/2017/jan/20/pushkar-camel-fair-rajasthan-india-lake-pushkar |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref> Then in 2011 he founded a photography magazine called "APF".<ref>{{cite news |title=Street Photographer Vineet Vohra on the Making of a Magazine |url=https://www.thephoblographer.com/2015/09/18/street-photographer-vineet-vohra-making-magazine/ |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=The Phoblographer}}</ref> In 2015 he became the first Indian to become a Leica ambassador.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ismail |first1=Izwan |title=Leica showcases photographers' work {{!}} New Straits Times |url=https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/bots/2023/02/881495/tech-leica-showcases-photographers-work |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |date=19 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Leica Akademie {{!}} Fotografiska New York |url=https://newyork.fotografiska.com/en/events/leica-akademie-3 |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=Fotografiska |language=en}}</ref>

Currently he is [[Leica Camera]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Vineet Vohra |url=https://leica-store.in/pages/vineet-vohra |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=[[Leica Camera|Leica Store India]] |language=en}}</ref> and [[Vivo (technology company)|Vivo]] ambassador.<ref>{{cite news |title=vivo announces 'Imagine Smartphone Photography' awards - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/technology/vivo-announces-imagine-smartphone-photography-awards-17670321.htm |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=[[CNBC TV18]] |date=29 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==Exhibitions and workshops==
* Indian Photography Festival 2018<ref>{{cite news |last1=Popli |first1=Bhumika |title=Indian Photography Festival 2018 to be hosted in Hyderabad this month |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/culture/indian-photography-festival-2018-hosted-hyderabad-month |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=[[The Sunday Guardian]] |date=1 September 2018}}</ref>
* Miami Street Photography Festival<ref>{{cite news |title=Vineet Vohra street photography workshop at MSPF |url=https://www.miamistreetphotographyfestival.org/vineet-vohra |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=Miami Street Photo |language=en}}</ref>

==Books==
* Serendipity 1st edition<ref>{{cite news |title=Vineet Vohra's “Serendipity” |url=https://www.eyeshotstreetphotography.com/shop/books/serendipity-by-vineet-vohra/ |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=Eyeshot {{!}} Street and Documentary Photography Publisher}}</ref> - {{ISBN|9791280238009}}
* Serendipity 2nd edition<ref>{{cite news |title=Serendipity 2nd Edition by Vineet Vohra |url=https://www.eyeshotstreetphotography.com/shop/books/serendipity-2nd-edition-by-vineet-vohra/ |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=Eyeshot {{!}} Street and Documentary Photography Publisher}}</ref>
* Along the Way<ref>{{cite news |last1=Press |first1=Peanut |title=Along the Way |url=https://peanutpressbooks.com/products/along-the-way |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=Peanut Press |language=en}}</ref> - {{ISBN|9798989036356}}
* Chiiz - {{ISBN|9788193566473}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.apfmagazine.com/ APF Magazine]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vohra, Vineet}}
[[Category:Indian photographers]]
[[Category:Street photographers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:People from Delhi]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian photographers]]
[[Category:Photographers from Delhi]]

Urvashi Sahni

2026-03-12T02:00:27Z

Jameshowlett179011: added initial details w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian author and activist (born c.1955)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Urvashi Sahni
| image = Dr Urvashi Sahni.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1955}}
| education = {{Plainlist|
* [[University of California, Berkeley]] (Ph.D., M.A. in Education)
* [[University of Lucknow]] (M.A. in Philosophy)
}}
| occupation = {{Plainlist|
* Educator
* Social entrepreneur
* Author
* Activist
}}
| known_for = Founder of Study Hall Educational Foundation, work in girls' education and empowerment, Critical Feminist Pedagogy
| notable_works = ''Reaching for the Sky: Empowering Girls Through Education''
| awards = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ashoka (non-profit organization)|Ashoka Fellow]] (2011)
* Social Entrepreneur of the Year, India (2017)
}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.studyhallfoundation.org}}
}}
'''Urvashi Sahni''' (born {{Circa|1955}}) is an Indian [[Social entrepreneurship|social entrepreneur]], [[educator]], [[women's rights activist]], and author. She was named as one of the [[BBC 100 Women]] of 2017, for her work towards education and empowerment of girls and disadvantaged children in India.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2017-09-27 |title=BBC 100 Women 2017: Who is on the list? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-41380265 |access-date=2025-05-22 |work=BBC News |language=en |archive-date=24 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624093249/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-41380265 |url-status=live }}</ref> She is the founder and chief executive officer of the Study Hall Educational Foundation (SHEF).

Her work primarily focuses on school governance, curriculum reform, teacher training, girls' education, and the use of technology in education. She is known for developing "Critical [[Feminist pedagogy|Feminist Pedagogy]]" and her contributions to education and social entrepreneurship.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dhillon |first=Amrit |date=2017-03-18 |title=An Indian school converts submissive girls into empowered women |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/an-indian-school-converts-submissive-girls-into-empowered-women-20170318-gv11sd.html |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=Obama |title=Kiran's story |url=https://www.obama.org/stories/kirans-story/ |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=Obama Foundation |language=en |quote=Dr. Sahni is one of the grassroots leaders that the Girls Opportunity Alliance supports around the world. Her Foundation has helped expand girls' education throughout urban and rural India and was one of the first organizations listed on our crowdfunding platform.}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Jaffer |first=Mehru |date=2015-05-27 |title=One amazing school is giving underprivileged girls their first lesson in Feminism |url=https://thebetterindia.com/23332/prerna-school-giving-girls-their-first-lessons-in-feminism/ |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=The Better India |language=en-US |archive-date=22 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522215406/https://thebetterindia.com/23332/prerna-school-giving-girls-their-first-lessons-in-feminism/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Sahni is also a non-resident fellow at the [[Center for Universal Education]] at the [[Brookings Institution]] and was a 2024 Advanced Leadership Initiative (ALI) Fellow at [[Harvard University]].<ref name="BrookingsBio2">{{cite web |title=Urvashi Sahni |url=https://www.brookings.edu/people/urvashi-sahni/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |website=Brookings Institution}}</ref><ref name="SHEFHarvard2">{{cite web |title=Urvashi Sahni — Harvard Advanced Leadership Initiative |url=https://www.advancedleadership.harvard.edu/2024-fellows-and-partners/urvashi-sahni |access-date=22 May 2024 |website=www.advancedleadership.harvard.edu |publisher=Harvard University}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Sahni was born in 1955 into a business family in [[Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Ashoka2">{{cite web |title=Urvashi Sahni |url=https://www.ashoka.org/en-us/fellow/urvashi-sahni |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420042045/https://www.ashoka.org/en-us/fellow/urvashi-sahni |archive-date=20 April 2021 |access-date=22 May 2024 |website=Ashoka}}</ref> She was married at the age of 18, but she continued her studies, eventually graduating with a Master's degree in Philosophy from the [[University of Lucknow]].<ref name="BrookingsBio2" /> She later earned a Master's degree and a Ph.D. in Education (Language, Literacy and Culture) from the [[University of California, Berkeley]].<ref name="BrookingsBio2" /><ref name="WEFbio2">{{cite web |title=Dr. Urvashi Sahni |url=https://www.wef.org.in/dr-urvashi-sahni/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |website=WEF|date=10 April 2018 }}</ref> Sahni has three brothers.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GWcBZy63jQU |title=This Indian woman turned a personal tragedy into a fight for girls' education |date=2023-07-11 |last=World Economic Forum |access-date=2025-05-23 |quote=I couldn't do things that my brothers did, I had three.}}</ref>

== Career ==
Sahni's career in women education, safety, and empowerment began in 1983 when she founded an organization, ''Suraksha'' ({{Translation|Safety}}) after her 24-year-old cousin burnt to death—reportedly due to an accident that Sahni did not believe.<ref name=":0" /> It was the first women's organization in Lucknow and the first family counseling cell in Uttar Pradesh, for which she received the National Youth Award in 1987.

Sahni's educational initiatives began in 1986 with the founding of the Study Hall School in Lucknow.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Study Hall {{!}} Overview |url=https://www.studyhallschool.com/overview.php |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=www.studyhallschool.com}}</ref> The initiative evolved into the Study Hall Educational Foundation (SHEF),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Urvashi Sahni |url=https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/bellagio-bulletin/the-people-and-ideas-of-bellagio/dr-urvashi-sahni/ |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=The Rockefeller Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> a social enterprise that now operates a network of schools and outreach programs.<ref name=":2" /> Through SHEF, Sahni has concentrated on making education empowering for girls, especially those from marginalized backgrounds, and promoting gender equality.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 22, 2023 |title=Students hold rally to promote girl education |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/600-people-rally-for-girls-education-rights-in-ujariyaon-and-guwari-organized-by-study-hall-educational-foundation-101684760174306.html |access-date={{TODAY}} |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=28 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528161438/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/600-people-rally-for-girls-education-rights-in-ujariyaon-and-guwari-organized-by-study-hall-educational-foundation-101684760174306.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

One of the key SHEF's inititative is [[Prerna Girls School]] that offers affordable, rights-based education to over thousand girls from urban slum communities in Lucknow.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-16 |title=School for underprivileged girls teaches feminist principles in India |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/school-underprivileged-girls-teaches-feminist-principles-india-n719691 |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> Her pedagogical method, known as "Critical Feminist Pedagogy," is specifically designed to provide girls with critical thinking abilities to challenge patriarchal structures and assert their rights.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="WEFbio2" /> This approach aims to equip girls with the necessary tools to understand and challenge prevailing social inequalities and advocate for their rights.<ref name="WEFbio2" /> Her work has reportedly influenced a large number of students and educators in Uttar Pradesh and other regions.<ref name="SHEFHarvard2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=Obama |title=Laxmi's story |url=https://www.obama.org/stories/laxmis-story/ |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=Obama Foundation |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Review |first=Eurasia |date=2017-10-05 |title=Urvashi Sahni Honoured As India Social Entrepreneur Of Year For Work With Disadvantaged Girls |url=https://www.eurasiareview.com/05102017-urvashi-sahni-honoured-as-india-social-entrepreneur-of-year-for-work-with-disadvantaged-girls/ |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=Eurasia Review |language=en-US}}</ref>

Other initiatives include Vidyasthali School, a rural institution; and Digital Study Hall (DSH), which employs technology to broaden educational access in remote areas.<ref name="WEFbio2" /><ref name="BrookingsBio2" /> DSH leverages technology, particularly video lessons and other digital resources, to disseminate innovative teaching methodologies and high-quality educational content. This program extends its reach to underserved schools in both rural and urban settings, aiming to improve the quality of education for a large number of students and to provide valuable professional development for teachers in these areas.<ref name="WEFbio2" /><ref name="BrookingsBio2" />

She also founded Grameen India Foundation and DiDi's, social enterprises that provide training and employment to youth from rural and poor urban backgrounds and teach sustainable livelihood opportunities to women, including many graduates from Prerna Girls School and their mothers.<ref name="Ashoka2" />

Sahni has been an active participant in policy advocacy. She has contributed to consultation and implementation committees for both state and central governments in India concerning educational policy, notably the [[National Education Policy 2020]].<ref name="SHEFImpact2">{{cite web |title=Urvashi Sahni |url=https://www.studyhallfoundation.org/urvashi-sahni.php |access-date=22 May 2024 |website=Study Hall Educational Foundation}}</ref> Additionally, she served on the sub-committee on school education for the Chief Minister's Advisory Council in Rajasthan.<ref name="WEFbio2" /> She is also a founding member of Catalyst Now, (formerly Catalyst 2030), a global network of social entrepreneurs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frederick |first=Denver |date=2022-08-11 |title=Study Hall Educational Foundation Founder on Why Patriarchal Systems in India Must Be Done Away With |url=https://denver-frederick.com/2022/08/11/study-hall-educational-foundation-founder-on-why-patriarchal-systems-in-india-must-be-done-away-with/ |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=Denver Frederick |language=en}}</ref>

== Publications ==
Sahni has authored and contributed to numerous works on education, gender, and pedagogy. Her book, ''Reaching for the Sky: Empowering Girls Through Education'', was published by the Brookings Institution Press in 2017.<ref name="BrookingsBook2">{{cite web |title=Reaching for the Sky: Empowering Girls Through Education |url=https://www.brookings.edu/books/reaching-for-the-sky/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |website=Brookings Institution |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615180729/https://www.brookings.edu/books/reaching-for-the-sky/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She has also contributed chapters to other academic books, such as "Teaching boys to examine gender in patriarchal societies" in ''Girls' Education in the 21st Century: Gender Equality, Empowerment, and Growth'' (Brookings Institution Press, 2019) and "A life knowledge approach to life skills: Empowering boys with new conceptions of masculinity" in ''Life Skills Education for Youth: Critical Perspectives'' (Springer International Publishing, 2022).<ref name="SHEFImpact2" /> In 2023, her article "Trembling: The winds and I" was published in the ''Nordic Journal of Art & Research''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sahni |first=Urvashi |date=2023-11-22 |title=Trembling: The winds and I |url=https://doi.org/10.7577/ar.5641 |journal=Nordic Journal of Art & Research |language=en}}</ref> Sahni has also authored various other articles and research papers.<ref name="BrookingsBio2" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Daniel |first=Ari |date=2023-04-21 |title=How do you stay optimistic in spite of it all? 6 hopeful souls share their secrets |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2023/04/21/1170913296/how-do-you-stay-optimistic-in-spite-of-it-all-6-hopeful-souls-share-their-secret |access-date=2025-05-22 |work=NPR |language=en |archive-date=23 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250523011030/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2023/04/21/1170913296/how-do-you-stay-optimistic-in-spite-of-it-all-6-hopeful-souls-share-their-secret |url-status=live }}</ref>

Sahni is a non-resident fellow at the Center for Universal Education at the Brookings Institution, where her research centers on girls' empowerment via education and the application of technology.<ref name="BrookingsBio2" />

== Awards and recognition ==
Sahni's contributions to education and social entrepreneurship have been recognized through various awards and honors. An early recognition was the [[The Elise and Walter A. Haas International Award|Haas International Award]] from the [[University of California, Berkeley]], received around 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elise and Walter A. Haas International Award Recipients {{!}} Berkeley Awards |url=https://awards.berkeley.edu/elise-walter-haas-international-award/recipients/ |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=awards.berkeley.edu}}</ref> In 2011, she was named an [[Ashoka (non-profit organization)#Fellows|Ashoka Fellow]] for her contributions with Digital Study Hall.<ref name="Ashoka2" />

Her work gained further prominence when she was an Echidna Global Scholar at [[The Brookings Institution]] for 2013-2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet our Echidna Global Scholars alumni |url=https://www.brookings.edu/alumni-of-the-echidna-global-scholars-program/ |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}</ref> She became an honorary member of the [[Clinton Global Initiative]] in 2014.<ref name="WEFbio2" /> A significant recognition was the "Social Entrepreneur of the Year" award for India in 2017, presented by the [[Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship]] and the Jubilant Bhartia Foundation.<ref name="MintSEOYAward2">{{cite web |last=Mishra |first=Asit Ranjan |date=5 October 2017 |title=Urvashi Sahni, founder of SHEF, wins social entrepreneur award |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/Szc8tj7TbZTDtWMUDbZuSP/Urvashi-Sahni-founder-of-SHEF-wins-social-entrepreneur-awa.html |access-date=22 May 2024 |website=Mint |archive-date=19 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419152024/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/Szc8tj7TbZTDtWMUDbZuSP/Urvashi-Sahni-founder-of-SHEF-wins-social-entrepreneur-awa.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In the same year, she was recognized as one of the [[BBC 100 Women]] most inspirational and influential women around the world.<ref name=":3" /> This was followed by international recognition from The Schwab Foundation as one of twelve "Social Entrepreneurs of the Year" worldwide in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schwab |first=Hilde |date=24 Sep 2018 |title=World-changers: meet the Social Entrepreneurs of the Year 2018 |url=https://www.weforum.org/stories/2018/09/world-changers-meet-the-social-entrepreneurs-of-the-year-2018/ |access-date={{TODAY}} |website=World Economic Forum}}</ref>

In 2020, [[Tatler Asia]] included her in "Asia's Most Influential: The Impact List".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kong |first=Tatler Hong |title=Introducing Asia's Most Influential: The Impact List |url=https://www.tatlerasia.com/the-scene/people-parties/hk-asia-most-influential-impact-list-2020 |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=Tatler Asia |language=en}}</ref> More recently, in 2024, Sahni was selected as an Advanced Leadership Initiative Fellow at [[Harvard University]].<ref name="SHEFHarvard2" />

== Personal life ==
Sahni resides in her hometown city of [[Lucknow]] in [[Uttar Pradesh, India]], and has two daughters.<ref name=":2" />

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://www.brookings.edu/people/urvashi-sahni/ Urvashi Sahni profile] at the Brookings Institution
* [https://www.studyhallfoundation.org/urvashi-sahni.php Urvashi Sahni profile] at Study Hall Educational Foundation

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indian educators]]
[[Category:Indian social entrepreneurs]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]
[[Category:Brookings Institution people]]
[[Category:Harvard University people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Writers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:People from Lucknow]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Girls' education activists]]

Ganges (1882 ship)

2026-03-10T06:08:04Z

Jameshowlett179011: made basic post needs work!

{{Short description|Nourse Line ship}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image = The ship Ganges, after 1882 NLNZ 1 2-032394.png
| image_caption = The ship ''Ganges''
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
| hide_header =
|country=United Kingdom
|flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|civil}}
| name = ''Ganges''
| owner = [[Nourse Line]]
| ordered =
| builder = Osbourne, Graham & Company, [[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]]
| original_cost =
| laid_down =
| launched = 25 March 1882
| acquired =
| commissioned =
| decommissioned =
| in_service =
| out_of_service =
| renamed =
| struck =
| reinstated =
| honours =
| captured =
| fate =
| notes =
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/career
| hide_header = title
|country=Norway
|flag={{shipboxflag|Norway|civil}}
| name =
| owner =
| ordered =
| builder =
| original_cost =
| laid_down =
| launched =
| acquired = 1904
| commissioned =
| decommissioned =
| in_service =
| out_of_service =
| renamed = ''Asters''
| struck =
| reinstated =
| honours =
| captured =
| fate = Sunk, 28 May 1917
| notes =
}}

|section4={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| header_caption =
| class = Iron [[barque]]
| tons_burthen = 1,768 tons
| length = {{convert|241|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| beam = {{convert|37.2|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| draught = {{convert|22.5|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| draft =
| hold_depth =
| propulsion =
| sail_plan =
| complement =
| armament =
| notes =
}}
}}

'''''Ganges''''' was the second [[Nourse Line]] ship to be named ''Ganges''. The first {{ship||Ganges|1861|2}} was built in 1861 and wrecked in 1881. ''Ganges'' was a 1,529-ton iron [[barque]], built by [[Osbourne, Graham & Company]] of [[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]] and [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 25 March 1882. She was {{convert|241|ft|m}} long, with a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|37.2|ft|m}} and a [[Draft (hull)|draught]] of {{convert|22.5|ft|m}}.
[[File:Towing a vessel to Sea. Seattle. postcard S-l1600.jpg|thumb|Towing a vessel to Sea. A postcard from a photo, taken in 1906 by Webster & Stevens photographer Homer Davidson, the lumber freighter "Ganges" was headed to pick up a load of lumber at Port Blakely. Its crew then signed on at Port Townsend, and the ship sailed to Callao, Peru to deliver the lumber.]]
''Ganges'' made three trips to [[Fiji]], the first on 27 June 1885 carrying 523 [[India]]n [[indenture]]d labourers. She arrived next on 3 September 1899, carrying 464 Indian indentured labourers and finally on 21 June 1900, carrying 554 passengers. She also made voyages to the [[West Indies]], arriving in [[Trinidad]] on 25 November 1890 carrying 568 passengers and arriving in [[Suriname]] on 23 April 1889.

She was sold to [[Norway|Norwegian]] owners in 1904 and renamed '''''Asters'''''. During [[World War I]], she was [[torpedo]]ed and sunk in the [[Atlantic Ocean]] on 28 May 1917 by the [[Imperial German Navy]] [[submarine]] {{SMU|UC-55||6}} {{convert|150|mi|km}} northwest of the [[Isles of Scilly]] while on a voyage from [[Le Havre]], [[France]], to [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], with a cargo of oil and [[wax]]. All on board ''Asters'' survived.<ref name=Asters>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/508.html |title=Asters |publisher=Uboat.net |accessdate=20 December 2012}}</ref>

== See also ==
*{{SS|Ganges}}
*[[Indian Indenture Ships to Fiji]]
*[[Indian indenture system]]

== References==
===Notes===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{cite book
| last = Lubbock
| first = Basil
| title = Coolie ships and oil sailors
| publisher = Brown, Son & Ferguson
| year = 1981
| isbn = 0-85174-111-8
}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Ganges (ship, 1882)}}
* [http://genforum.genealogy.com/grenada/messages/60.html Genealogy.com]
* [http://www.merchantnavyofficers.com/nourse.html Nourse Line]

{{May 1917 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ganges (1882)}}
[[Category:1882 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built on the River Wear]]
[[Category:Indian indentureship in Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Category:Indian indenture ships to Fiji]]
[[Category:Individual sailing vessels]]
[[Category:Victorian-era passenger ships of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:World War I merchant ships of Norway]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1917]]
[[Category:Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I]]
[[Category:World War I shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean]]

1000 Thalaivangi Apoorva Chinthamani

2026-03-10T02:01:44Z

Jameshowlett179011: Refined content and updated sections

{{Short description|1947 film by T. R. Sundaram}}
{{No plot|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| image = 1000 Thalaivangi Apoorva Chinthamani.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[T. R. Sundaram]]
| screenplay = T. R. Sundaram
| producer = T. R. Sundaram
| starring = P. S. Govindan [[V. N. Janaki]]
| cinematography = R. M. Krishnaswamy
| editing = L. Balu
| music = [[G. Ramanathan]]
| studio = [[Modern Theatres]]
| released = {{Film date|1947|12|8|df=y|ref1=}}
| runtime = 214 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''1000 Thalaivangi Apoorva Chinthamani''''' (read as "Aayiram Thalaivangi Apoorva Chinthamani"; {{translation|Unique Chinthamani, who took a thousand lives}}) is a 1947 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[fantasy film|fantasy]] [[adventure film]] directed and produced by [[T. R. Sundaram]]. The screenplay was written by Sundaram and the dialogue by [[Bharathidasan]]. Music was composed by [[G. Ramanathan]]. The film stars P. S. Govindan and [[V. N. Janaki]].{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2014 |page=70}} The film was released on 8 December 1947,{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2014 |page=70}} and was a big success among the masses.<ref name="thehindu1">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=29 February 2008 |title=Aayiram Thalaivaangi Apoorva Chintamani 1947 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/aayiram-thalaivaangi-apoorva-chintamani-1947/article3022608.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220153404/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/aayiram-thalaivaangi-apoorva-chintamani-1947/article3022608.ece |archive-date=20 February 2020 |access-date=20 February 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> The film was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''Sahasra Sirchedha Apporva Chinthamani'' (1960) by the same studio.{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2014 |page=71}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=25 February 2006 |title=Sahasra Siracheda Apoorva Chintamani (1960) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/sahasra-siracheda-apoorva-chintamani-1960/article8280717.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819155009/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/sahasra-siracheda-apoorva-chintamani-1960/article8280717.ece |archive-date=19 August 2020 |access-date=6 August 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==

{{Col-begin|width=60%}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Male cast<ref name="movie">{{Cite AV media |title=1000 Thalaivangi Apoorva Chinthamani |author-link=T. R. Sundaram |type=motion picture |language=Tamil |publisher=[[Modern Theatres]] |year=1947 |time=1:37 to 2:01 |time-caption=Opening credits, from}}</ref>
* P. S. Govindan as Meiyazhagan
* M. R. Saminathan as Monk
* [[M. G. Chakrapani]] as Neethikethu
* [[E. R. Sahadevan]] as Purandharan
* K. K. Perumal as Gunapathi
* [[R. Balasubramaniam]] as Madhivadhanan
* [[Kali N. Rathnam]] as Kali
* [[T. S. Durairaj]] as Guard
* M. E. Madhavan as Velan
* [[V. M. Ezhumalai]] as Mannappan
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Female cast<ref name="movie" />
* [[V. N. Janaki]] as Apoorva Chinthamani
* [[S. Varalakshmi]] as Senkamalam
* R. Padma as Manjalazhagi
* [[Madhuri Devi|M. Madhuri Devi]] as Dhampathi
* [[C. T. Rajakantham]] as Thangam
* P. R. Chandra as Velamma
* Susheela as Sundaravalli
* Saraswathi as Selavanayagam
* Chellam as Pachaiveni
* [[M. S. Subbulakshmi]] as Dancer
{{col-end}}

== Soundtrack ==
Music and lyrics were composed by [[G. Ramanathan]].
{| class="wikitable tracklist" style="font-size:95%;"
! Songs !! Singers !! Length
|-
| "Paaril Bangi" || Pazhani Baheerathi || 03:38
|-
| "Vetchathu Vetchadhuthan Pulli" || [[C. T. Rajakantham]] || 02:20
|-
| "Kadhal Padagile Naam" || Pazhani Baheerathi || 01:58
|-
| "Yarenkku Edhire" || Pazhani Baheerathi || 02:12
|-
| "Kadhalaginen" || [[S. Varalakshmi]] || 02:34
|-
| "Nallathai Sollidaven" ||[[G. Ramanathan]] || 03:31
|-
| "Ankalin Peyar Koodathamma" || || 01:59
|-
| "Thaayae Thanthaiyae" || P. S. Govindan || 02:25
|-
| "Ullukulle Neenga" || [[C. T. Rajakantham]] & [[Kali N. Rathnam]] || 03:44
|-
| "Naalu Paeru Kannukkethukka" || || 02:09
|-
| "Kundu Malikai Parikka" || P. S. Govindan & [[Kali N. Rathnam]] || 03:12
|-
| "Maadhar Manonmaniye" || P. S. Govindan & S. Varalakshmi || 02:26
|-
| "Ellaarkkum Nallinbam" || P. S. Govindan || 01:49
|-
| "Maalai Mayangidum Nerathile" || || 02:39
|-
| "Thaaye Thayaanithiye" || P. S. Govindan || 02:25
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931–2013 |title-link=Pride of Tamil Cinema |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers |year=2014 |language=en |oclc=898765509}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Modern Theatres}}
{{T. R. Sundaram}}

[[Category:1940s fantasy adventure films]]
[[Category:1940s feminist films]]
[[Category:1947 fantasy films]]
[[Category:1947 films]]
[[Category:1947 Indian films]]
[[Category:1947 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian folklore]]
[[Category:Films directed by T. R. Sundaram]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. Ramanathan]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy adventure films]]
[[Category:Indian feminist films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language adventure films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language fantasy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Z Force (Bangladesh)

2026-03-09T22:25:27Z

Jameshowlett179011: minor improve references for clarity and updated info

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name = Z Force জেড ফোর্স
|dates = 7 July 1971 – 16 December 1971
|country = [[Bangladesh]]
|allegiance = [[Provisional Government of Bangladesh]]
|branch = [[Mukti Bahini]]
|type = [[Brigade]]
|commander1 = [[Ziaur Rahman]]
|commander1_label = [[Commanding Officer]]
|garrison = Teldhala, [[Tura, Meghalaya]]
}}
'''Z Force''', also known as the '''Tura Brigade''', was the first military brigade of [[Bangladesh Forces]], formed during the [[Liberation War of Bangladesh]] in 1971 under Major [[Ziaur Rahman]]<ref>{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Mukti Bahini}}</ref> along with the consent of the revolutionary government of Bangladesh in exile. The brigade was formed with the 1st, 3rd and 8th Battalion of [[East Bengal Regiment]] on 7 July 1971. It is the first ever complete brigade formed during the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/news2014/freedom-in-the-air-1971-war-calendar/53829 |title=War Calendar: Chronology of events taking place during 1971 |series=Freedom in the air |work=The Daily Star |date=26 March 2014 |access-date=15 January 2015 |archive-date=10 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410235802/http://archive.thedailystar.net/news2014/freedom-in-the-air-1971-war-calendar/53829 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Background ==
Bangladeshi military officers of various cantonments revolted against the Pakistani Army and started fighting against them with limited ammunition on the night of 25 March 1971 after the crackdown by Pakistani Army. But soon the military officers of Bangladesh Forces realised that such non-planned attack or resistance will not be able to create huge casualties of the foes. So they decided to form some sectors from which they can fight properly.

The guerrillas sent from India during May–June to various sectors were ill-equipped and not properly trained and hence were unsuccessful in almost every operation. Most of the guerrillas were caught or shot dead by Pakistani Army.<ref name="rokomari">{{cite web |url=http://www.rokomari.com/review/127;jsessionid=8E5E48E3321FABFB84030AA983301210 |script-title=bn:মুক্তিযুদ্ধের পূর্বাপর : কথোপকথন-এ কে খন্দকার |publisher=[[Rokomari]] |language=bn |date=17 April 2012 |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref>

The lack of communication between the Sector Commanders and the Indian Military Officers also created major casualties to the guerrillas sent by the Indian officers to Bangladesh.<ref name="rokomari" /> Wherever the guerrillas were caught or killed, Pakistani Army in search of the other members of them used to start arson in many villages and killed numerous innocent people to take revenge.

In this situation, senior military officers assumed that the war will continue for a long time and decided to form some brigades to fight against the Pakistani Army more effectively, especially in the frontiers.<ref name="rokomari" />

== Inception ==
After the sector commanders' meeting held at 8, Theater Road of [[Kolkata]], the first brigade of Bangladesh Forces was formed.<ref name="rokomari" /> Major [[Ziaur Rahman]], who was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel<ref>Document for showing The Bangladesh Gazette announcing the promotion of Ziaur Rahman to Lieutenant General in the book [[Bangladesh: A Legacy of Blood]] by Anthony Mascarenhas</ref> during the [[Liberation War of Bangladesh]] was the senior most officer amongst the officers present there and he was given the command of the force.

Though the brigade was formed after the meeting, the decision to form the force was decided earlier. Chief of Bangladesh Forces [[M.A.G Osmani]] himself told Major Moinul Hossain about the decision on 13 June 1971.<ref name="rokomari_a">{{cite web |url=http://rokomari.com/book/6109;jsessionid=140BE1516DC048305299638D398784C2 |script-title=bn:এক জেনারেলের নীরব সাক্ষ্য স্বাধীনতার প্রথম দশক (১৯৭১-১৯৮১)-মে. জে. মইনুল হোসেন চৌধুরী (অব.) |publisher=[[Rokomari]] |language=bn |date=1 March 2013 |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> But according to the gazette of the [[Provisional Government of Bangladesh|Government of Bangladesh]] the force is known to be formed on 7 July 1971.

The headquarters of the brigade was at Teldhala of [[Tura, Meghalaya|Tura]] in India.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mahmud-Ur-Rashid |date=23 March 2008 |title=Sectors & Armed Forces of the Liberation War 1971 |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/campus/2008/03/04/feature_sectors.htm |work=Star Campus |publisher=The Daily Star |access-date=15 December 2016 |archive-date=16 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216000635/http://archive.thedailystar.net/campus/2008/03/04/feature_sectors.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Formation and training ==

The 'Z Force' established their camp in the remote Tura area of Meghalaya. But with massive spirit and interest for the freedom, people of various ages and occupations gathered under the brigade.<ref>{{citation |date=23 March 2008 |title=Sectors & Armed Forces of the Liberation War 1971 |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/campus/2008/03/04/feature_sectors.htm |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=15 January 2015 |archive-date=16 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216000635/http://archive.thedailystar.net/campus/2008/03/04/feature_sectors.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

'Z Force' had to organise themselves properly. It was formed with 1st, 3rd and 8th battalion of [[East Bengal Regiment]]. Of them the 1st Battalion of East Bengal Regiment, who revolted in [[Jessore Cantonment]] under Major Hafiz was unable to escape safely and after fighting a crucial battle<ref name="rokomari_b">{{cite web |url=http://rokomari.com/book/1848 |script-title=bn:রক্তেভেজা একাত্তর-মেজর (অব.) হাফিজ উদ্দিন আহমেদ বীর বিক্রম |publisher=Rokomari.Com |language=bn |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> only fifty<ref name="rokomari_a" /> of the Bengali officers and soldiers were able to reach the border. The 8th Battalion of East Bengal Regiment was a newly formed battalion with limited power. The 3rd Battalion of East Bengal Regiment also faced casualties.

In this situation, the military headquarters of Bangladesh Forces ordered Major [[Hafizuddin Ahmed]] and Major Sahriful Haq Dalim to recruit 600 youths in 1st Battalion of East Bengal Regiment and another collect 500 youths and join 'Z Force' in Tura.<ref name="rokomari_b" /> Major Hafizuddin Ahmed recruited 600 youths from the youth camps from Khulna-Kushtia border area.<ref name="rokomari_b" /> The total number of the members in 1st Battalion of East Bengal Regiment was 800<ref name="rokomari_b" /> while joining the 'Z Force'. Another 500 members collected by Major Shariful Haq Dalim amplified the strength of 3rd Battalion of East Bengal Regiment. Major Moinul Hossain Chowdhury, who acted as the commanding officer of the 1st Battalion of East Bengal Regiment was asked to format the battalion.<ref name="rokomari_a" /> The command and the charge to organise the 3rd Battalion of East Bengal Regiment was given to Major Shafayet Zamil and the responsibility of 8th Battalion of East Bengal Regiment was given to Major AJM Aminul Haque.

After a training session of six weeks, "Z Force" turned into a valiant brigade of Bangladesh Forces.<ref name="rokomari_b" />

== Organogram of the brigade ==
* '''Brigade Commander – Major [[Ziaur Rahman]]'''
* Brigade Major – Captain [[Oli Ahmed]]
* D-Q Officer – Captain Sadeque
* Signal Officer – Captain [[Abdul Halim Chowdhury|Abdul Halim]]
* Brigade Medical Officer- Dr. H K M Abdul Hye

=== 1st East Bengal Regiment ===
* Commanding Officer – Major [[Moinul Hossain Chowdhury]] (June–August) and Major [[Mohammad Ziauddin (Military Officer)|Mohammad Ziauddin]] (August–December)
* Second-in-Command – Captain Bazlul Ghani Patwari
* Adjutant – Flight Lieutenant Liaqat Ali Khan
* A Company Commander – Captain [[Muhammad Mahbubur Rahman (Chief of Army Staff)|Muhammad Mahbubur Rahman]]
* B Company Commander – Captain [[Hafizuddin Ahmed]]
* 1st C Company Commander – Lieutenant Abdul Kaiyum Chowdhury
* 2nd C Company Commander – Lieutenant [[S.H.M.B Noor Chowdhury|S. H. B. Noor Chowdhury]]
* D Company Commander – Captain [[Salauddin Mumtaz]] (July–August) and Bazlul Gani Patwary (September–December)
* A Company Officer – Lieutenant [[Wakar Hasan]]
* B Company Officer – Lieutenant Anisur Rahman
* Medical Officer – Lieutenant Mujibur Rahman Fakir

=== 3rd East Bengal Regiment ===
* Commanding Officer – Major [[Shafaat Jamil]]
* Second-in-Command – Captain [[Mohsin Uddin Ahmed]]
* A Company Commander – Captain Anwar Hossain
* B Company Commander – Captain [[Akbar Hossain (politician)|Akbar Hossain]]
* C Company Commander – Captain Mohsinuddin Ahmed
* D Company Commander – Lieutenant [[S I M Nurunnabi Khan|S. I. B. Nurunnabi Khan]]
* M. F. Company Commander – Lieutenant Manjur Ahmed
* Company Officer – Lieutenant Fazle Hossain
* Medical Officer – Wasiuddin

=== 8th East Bengal Regiment ===
* Commanding Officer – Major [[A. J. M. Aminul Haque]]
* Second-in-Command – Captain Kahlequzzaman Chowdhury
* A Company Commander – Captain [[Amin Ahmed Chowdhury]]
* B Company Commander – Captain Sadeque Hossain
* C Company Commander – Lieutenant Modasser Hossain Khan
* D Company Commander – Lieutenant Mahbubul Alam
* Company Officer – Lieutenant Imdadul Haq
* Company Officer – Lieutenant Oliul Islam
* Company Officer – Lieutenant Munibur Rahman
* Company Officer – Lieutenant K. M. Abu Baker

=== 2nd Field Artillery Battery ===
* Officer in Charge – Major [[Khandaker Abdur Rashid|Khandakar Abdur Rashid]]
* Officer – Captain [[Rashed Chowdhury]]
* Officer – Lieutenant [[Quazi Sazzad Ali Zahir]]

== Gallantry award ==
Z force members were the highest among any force who were awarded the gallantry award for their heroism in the liberation war

In bracket, highest rank reached in Bangladesh Army
* '''[[Bir Uttom]]'''
** [[Ziaur Rahman]] (Lieutenant General)
** [[Salah Uddin Momtaz]] (Captain)
** [[Mohammad Ziauddin (army officer)|Mohammad Ziauddin]] (Lieutenant Colonel)
* '''[[Bir Bikrom]]'''
** [[Oli Ahmed]] (Colonel)
** [[Hafizuddin Ahmed]] (Major)
** [[Shafaat Jamil]] (Colonel)
** [[Moinul Hossain Chowdhury]] (Major General)
** [[Amin Ahmed Chowdhury]] (Major General)
** [[S.H.M.B Noor Chowdhury]] (Lieutenant Colonel), ''revoked''
* '''[[Bir Protik]]'''
** [[Akbar Hossain (politician)|Akbar Hossain]] (Lieutenant colonel)
** Mohammad Bazlul Gani Patwari (Colonel)
** [[Wakar Hasan]] (Major)
** Manjur Ahmed
** [[Rashed Chowdhury]] (Lieutenant Colonel), ''revoked''

== Major operations ==

=== Kamalpur Border Outpost Attack ===
{{Further|Battle of Kamalpur}}

On 31 July 1971, [[Mukti Bahini]] under the command of Major Ziaur Rahman [[Battle of Kamalpur|fought against the Pakistani troops stationed in Kamalpur.]]<ref name=ds/> Since the Kamalpur post was close to the border, it was decided that Mukti Bahini with the support of regular Indian army troops would attempt to capture the post. The Pakistani post was first subjected to artillery bombardment. The Mukti Bahini troops under the cover of supporting fire from [[Indian army]] almost reached to the mouth of Pakistani [[bunker]]s. However, once the supporting fire was stopped by Indian army, the Mukti Bahini troops were mowed down by machine-gun fire. The attack was called off because of heavy casualties.<ref name=singh>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4688VpqB8r8C&q=in+view+of+its+proximity+to+the+border%2C+it+was+|title=India's Wars Since Independence: Liberation of Bangladesh, Vol. 1|last=Sukhwant|first=Singh|year=1980|isbn=978-1-935501-60-2|publisher=Lancer Publisher LLC}}</ref> Captain [[Salauddin Mumtaz]] of Mukti Bahini was killed in this battle.<ref name=ds>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-15470|title=The Battle of Kamalpur-31 July 1971|date=15 December 2007|work=The Daily Star|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003020253/https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-15470|archive-date=3 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Later from 14 November to 4 December 1971, in order to capture Kamalpur, [[Defence of Kamalpur|a second battle of Kamalpur]] took place. The Kamalpur was subsequently captured on 4 December 1971 by combined strength of Bangladesh and Indian army.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4688VpqB8r8C&q=the+failure+of+two+successive+attacks+and+the+resultant+casualties|title=India's Wars Since Independence The Liberation Of Bangladesh, Vol 1|last=Sukhwant|first=Singh|year=1980|publisher=Lancer Publisher LLC|isbn=9781935501602}}</ref>

=== Nakshi Border Outpost Attack ===
Nakshi Border Outpost was situated in the [[Sherpur District]], where the Pakistan Army formed a strong position. The border outpost became a target of "Z" Force because of its geographical importance.

Soon Captain Amin Ahmed Chowdhury, the Commander of Alpha Company and Lieutenant Modasser Hossain Khan, the Commander of Charlie Company was sent to defeat the Pakistanis of that camp. The two companies with great speed ran into the area and were able to enter into the fifty yards region. With great show of courage, they attacked the position of Pakistani Army.

The Pakistanis fled from the camp and took shelter in a forest which was nearby. But soon they attacked the freedom fighters with mortar shell with field mines also interrupting the operation of the 'Z Force' companies.

In this battle, Captain Amin Ahmed got injured from to machine gun bullets. Major Aminul Haque saved him, risking his life.

=== Battle at Ghashipur ===
On 10 September, the Delta Company of 1st Battalion of [[East Bengal Regiment]] formed a strong defence at the Ghashipur. Ghashipur was a location near the Kamalpur Border Outpost.

Ghashipur was considered as a lifeline of the strong position of Pakistan Army in Kamalpur. Pakistani Army was anxious about their safety in Kamalpur due to the strong position of the 'Z Force' in Ghashipur. To remain safe from the sudden attack of freedom fighters Pakistan Army launched an attack on the Ghashipur Defense of 'Z Force'.

The attempt of cleansing the freedom fighters from Ghashipur went up in smoke. Pakistan Army had to flee at the end of the battle after suffering huge casualties. Lance Nayek Yousuf and Subedar Mozammel of the regiment was martyred in the battle.

===Other battles===
The Z Force also conducted some other significant operations including the battles of Bahadurabad, Dewanganj, Tengratila, Chilmari, Roumari, Hazipara, Chotokhal, Gowainghat, Gobindaganj, Shalutikor Airport, Dhalai Tea Garden, Sylhet, Jakiganj, Fultala, Borolekha etc.<ref>Major Rafiqul Islam PSC, ''এগারোটি সেক্টরের বিজয় কাহিনী (Egaroti Sectorer Bijoy Kahini)''; SBN-978-984-8939-27-7, Shorobritto Prokashon, October-2011, pg-117</ref>

== Defence of liberated zone ==

One of the prime objectives of Z Force was to cover the liberated zones in Northern Bangladesh during the [[Liberation War of Bangladesh]]. As a part of this operations Z Force liberated many areas and set up defence to save those areas from [[Pakistan Army]] from August 1971.

=== Establishment of administration in Roumari ===

Roumari, an area from [[Kurigram]] was liberated in late August. After being acquired by the Z Force, Ziaur Rahman directed Lieutenant S. I. B. Nurunnabi Khan of 3rd East Bengal Regiment, to establish an administration on behalf of the [[Provisional Government of Bangladesh]]. [[Shafaat Jamil]] was asked to set up formidable defence to save the area from further invasion of Pakistan Army.

Lieutenant Nabi after getting the order, formed a committee of eminent citizens of that area to establish an administration and make it properly functional. He formed some offices and other establishments including a hospital in Roumari within 27 August. Ziaur Rahman inaugurated the first ever administration system in a liberated area of independent Bangladesh on 27 August 1971.<ref name="Jamil">{{cite book |author=Colonel Shafaat Jamil |year=1998 |script-title= bn:একাত্তরের মুক্তিযুদ্ধ, রক্তাক্ত মধ্য আগষ্ট ও ষড়যন্ত্রময় নভেম্বর |publisher=Sahitya prakasa |language=bn}}</ref>

[[NBC]] Network made a documentary that included the liberated zone of Roumari which was entitled as ''A country made for disaster''.

== See also ==
* [[S Force (Bangladesh)]]
* [[K Force (Bangladesh)]]
* [[List of sectors in the Bangladesh Liberation War]]

== Bibliography ==
* {{Citation |last=Anthony |first=Mascarenhas |author-link=Anthony Mascarenhas|title=Bangladesh : A Legacy of Blood |date=1987 |publisher=[[Hodder and Stoughton]] |isbn=0-340-39420-X}}.
* {{Citation |last=Hasan |first=Moidul |author-link=Moidul Hasan |date=2010 |script-title=bn:মুক্তিযুদ্ধের পূর্বাপর কথোপকথন |publisher=Prathamā Prakāśana |language=bn |isbn=9789848765227}}.
* {{Citation |last=Arefin |first=Shamsul |author-link=ASM Shamsul Arefin |date=1995 |script-title=bn:মুক্তিযুদ্ধের প্রেক্ষাপটে ব্যক্তির অবস্থান |publisher=UPL |language=bn |isbn=978-984-8942-44-4}}.
* {{Citation|last=Murshid |first=Ghulam |author-link=Ghulam Murshid |date=2010 |script-title=bn:মুক্তিযুদ্ধ ও তারপর |publisher=Prathamā Prakāśana |language=bn |isbn=9789848765371}}.
* {{Citation |last=Hossain Chowdhury |first=Moinul |author-link=Moinul Hossain Chowdhury |date=2000 |script-title=bn:এক জেনারেলের নীরব সাক্ষ্য স্বাধীনতার প্রথম দশক (১৯৭১-১৯৮১) |publisher=Māolā Brādārsa |language=bn |isbn=984-410-175-1}}.
* {{Citation |last=Ahmed |first=Hafizuddin |author-link=Hafizuddin Ahmed |date=1997 |script-title=bn:রক্তেভেজা একাত্তর |publisher=Sāhitya Prakāśa |language=bn |isbn=984-465-124-7}}.

==References==
<references />

{{Liberation of Bangladesh}}
{{Ziaur Rahman}}

[[Category:Mukti Bahini]]
[[Category:Ziaur Rahman]]

Bhangra (dance)

2026-03-05T12:45:20Z

Jameshowlett179011: formatting fix

{{short description|Folk dance originating from the Punjab}}
{{about| dance genres|the popular music genre|Bhangra (music)}}
[[File:Bhangra-dance.jpg|alt=|thumb|right|250px|Bhangra dancers in [[Punjab, India]]]]
'''Bhangra''' is a type of traditional [[folk dance]] of [[Punjab]] area of the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/63998/bhangra|title=Bhangra – dance}}</ref> According to Manuel (2001), bhangra is especially associated with the vernal [[Vaisakhi]] festival, performed during harvest season between April and the first quarter of May.<ref>{{cite web |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.47339|year=2001 |last1=Manuel |first1=Peter }}</ref>

In a typical performance, several dancers execute vigorous kicks, leaps, and bends of the body—often with upraised, thrusting arm or shoulder movements—to the accompaniment of short songs called ''[[boliyan]]'' and, most significantly, to the beat of a ''[[dhol]]'' (double-headed drum).<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|last=Vora|first=Shivani|date=2012-01-12|title=A Wedding Dance That's Also a Workout|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/13/arts/dance/bhangra-the-wedding-dance-thats-also-a-workout.html|access-date=2021-05-01|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Struck with a heavy beater on one end and with a lighter stick on the other, the ''dhol'' imbues the music with a syncopated (accents on the weak beats), swinging rhythmic character that has generally remained the hallmark of bhangra music.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|date=Jan 23, 2016|title=Bhangra classes offered for high school credit in B.C.|work=CBC News|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/bhangra-classes-offered-for-high-school-credit-in-b-c-1.3414587|access-date=May 1, 2016}}</ref> An energetic Punjabi dance, bhangra originated with Punjabi farmers as a cultural and communal celebration; its modern-day evolution has allowed bhangra to retain its traditional Punjabi roots, while broadening its reach to include integration into popular music and DJing, group-based competitions, and even exercise<ref name=":6" /> and dance programs in schools and studios.<ref name=":7" />

== Origin ==
Bhangra has its origins from the historical [[Sialkot District]] which is considered to have its purest or standard version as well as neighboring districts of [[Gurdaspur]], [[Gujranwala]], [[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]], and [[Shekhupura]] of the [[Majha]].<ref name="Dhillon"/><ref>Ballantyne, Tony. ''Between Colonialism and Diaspora: Sikh Cultural Formations in an Imperial World'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=R9PXaUmk-sAC&q=gurdaspur&pg=PA128]</ref> The community form of traditional bhangra has been maintained in Gurdaspur,<ref name=":5">{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_nmZjCerzi4C&q=bhangra+gurdaspur&pg=PA85|title=Land of Five Rivers|first=Khushwant|last=Singh|date=23 May 2017 |publisher=Orient Paperbacks|via=Google Books|isbn=9788122201079}}</ref> where farmers performed bhangra to showcase a sense of accomplishment and to welcome the new harvesting season in pre-partition times,<ref name=":5" /> and has been maintained by people who have settled in [[Hoshiarpur]], Punjab, India.<ref name="Dhillon"/> Traditional
bhangra is performed in a circle<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=gRNTUme_a-4C&q=bhangra+pakistan+harvest&pg=PT38|title=Teens in Pakistan|first=J. M.|last=Bedell|date=23 May 2017 |publisher=Capstone|via=Google Books|isbn=9780756540432}}</ref> and is performed using traditional dance steps. Traditional bhangra is now also performed on occasions other than during the harvest season.<ref>{{cite book |last=Black |first=Carolyn |title=Pakistan: The culture |date=2003 |publisher=Crabtree Publishing Company |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=J3adRL3lQwMC&q=bhangra+festivals++pakistan&pg=PA26 |isbn=9780778793489 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rRYZAQAAIAAJ&q=bhangra+pakistan+harvest |title=Pakistan Almanac|date=23 May 2017|publisher=Royal Book Company|via=Google Books}}</ref> According to Ganhar (1975), bhangra has been imported<ref name="Ganhar">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N9IXAAAAIAAJ&q=bhangra|title=Jammu, Shrines and Pilgrimages|first=J. N.|last=Ganhar|date=23 May 1975|publisher=Ganhar Publications|page=166|quote=Bhangra dances are a special feature of Baisakhi celebrations but ''bhangra'' is an importation from the Punjab and is more secular than religious."}}</ref> into [[Jammu]] which is danced on Baisakhi. Other Punjabi folk dances such as ''[[Giddha|giddhā]]'' and ''[[Luddi|luḍḍī]]'' have also been imported into Jammu,<ref>Harjap Singh Aujla Bhangra as an art is flourishing in India and appears to be on the verge of extinction in Pakistan [http://www.apnaorg.com/articles/aujla-14/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405171628/http://apnaorg.com/articles/aujla-14/|date=2016-04-05}}</ref><ref>Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Mohinder Singh Randhawa (1959) Farmers of India: Punjab Himachal Pradesh, Jammy & Kashmir, by M. S. Randhawa and P. Nath [https://books.google.com/books?id=hVZIAQAAIAAJ&q=bhangra++jammu]</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=12 May 2012 |title=Gidha Folk Dance |url=http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/gidha-folk-dance/ |quote=Like bhangara folk dance this folk dance is also an imported folk dance from Punjab to Jammu region.... With the influence of the Punjabi culture in lower Jammu (upto Jammu city) it seems as if this dance is very much a part of the cultural heritage of this region. Late Vishwanath Khajuria is right to say- “Because of very cordial relations with the neighbouring state Punjab the inhabitants of the lower Jammu region have adopted this dance as their own dance."}}</ref><ref>Balraj Puri (1983). Simmering Volcano: Study of Jammu's Relations with Kashmir [https://books.google.com/books?id=o_ILAAAAIAAJeg&q=bhangra++jammu]{{Dead link|date=November 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hāṇḍā |first=Omacanda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljjfOf95bxMC&q=folk+dances++jammu+punjab |title=Western Himalayan Folk Arts |date=1 January 2006 |publisher=Pentagon Press |isbn=9788182741959 |page=108 |quote=The dances of this tract have imbibed some of the traits from the popular dances of the neighboring plains. The boisterous ''Giddhaa'' and ''Luddee'' dances of this area are but the Pahari variants of their Punjabi archetypes.}}</ref> which shares Punjabi influences<ref>{{cite book |last=Datta |first=Amaresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&q=dogri+gidda&pg=PA1675 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature |date=23 May 1988 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=9788126011940 |via=Google Books}}</ref> and an affinity with Punjab.<ref>Manohar Sajnan (2001). Encyclopaedia of Tourism Resources in India, Volume 1 [https://books.google.com/books?id=vdMNBxOsvrUC&dq=dogri+bhangra&pg=PA138]</ref>

==Development==
The 1950s saw the development of traditional bhangra in Punjab, which was patronized by the [[Maharaja of Patiala]], who requested a staged performance of bhangra in 1953. The first significant developers of this style were a dance troupe led by brothers from the Deepak family of [[Sunam]] (Manohar, Avtar and Gurbachan) and dhol player Bhana Ram Sunami.<ref name="Booth2">Gregory D. Booth, Bradley Shope (2014). ''More Than c1RSVbOFJc607QbAoIOwCg&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=sunam%20bhangra&f=false]''</ref> Free form traditional bhangra developed during stage performances which incorporate traditional bhangra moves and also include sequences from other Punjabi dances, namely, Luddi, Jhummar, Dhamaal, and Gham Luddi. The singing of Punjabi folk songs, boliyan, are incorporated from [[Malwai Giddha]].<ref name="Dhillon2">{{cite book |last1=Dhillon |first1=Iqbal S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=edbfAAAAMAAJ&q=martial |title=Folk Dances of Panjab |date=1998 |publisher=National Book Shop |isbn=9788171162208 |pages=69, 90}}</ref> Bhangra competitions have been held in Punjab, India, for many decades, with Mohindra College in [[Patiala]] being involved in the 1950s.<ref name="Booth2" />

==Perceptions==
Though it has been referred to as a "[[Jats|Jat]] art," it may have had less specific origins, instead originally being a geographic West Punjabi regionalism.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mooney |first=Nicola |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k1B2vdLBizIC&dq=bhangra+is+a+jat+art&pg=PA261 |title=Rural Nostalgias and Transnational Dreams: Identity and Modernity Among Jat Sikhs |date=2011-01-01 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-9257-1 |language=en}}</ref> Men from Eastern Punjabi originally viewed dancing as effeminate ; an activity limited to women's dance like the Giddha, or specialized male dancers (ਨਚਾਰ ''nachāră'') who were not considered respectable.<ref name=brard>{{cite book |last1=Sidhu Brard |first1=Gurnam Singh |title=East of Indus: My Memories of Old Punjab |date=2007 |publisher=Hemkunt Publishers |isbn=9788170103608 |page=312 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UUdYFH9skIkC&pg=PA312 |quote=Bhangra was originally the male song and dance among some rural tribes of western Punjab, while in the eastern Punjab giddha was either exclusively the girls’ song and dance during the [[Teeyan]] festival, or the performance at a wedding house as described above. In fact men in the eastern Punjab villages used to consider it unmanly to dance, and dancing was considered an effeminate activity. The only time they saw a man dancing was when the ''nachaar'' men dressed in female clothes with lipstick, face powder, long skirts and artificial pigtails and veils, entertained in the shows. Those dancers were not considered respectable in the rural Jat culture. But after the creation of Pakistan in 1947, when some refugees the custom of bhangra dances from western Punjab, it quickly caught on in the cultural shows and on college campuses. In Pakistan, then they may have abolished the bhangra but it now thrives in Punjab and India.... Nowadays the distinction between bhangra and giddha is disappearing, as urban boys and girls dance together in the bhangra style at weddings and parties, just as they all dance to the film music and to popular tunes.}}</ref>

After Partition, the dance was popularized by migrants from West Punjab through culture shows and college campuses, as attitudes began to change. As a result, the dance began to thrive in East Punjab, while being suppressed in Western Punjab.<ref name=brard/> The more vigorous bhangra would come to supplant the older, historically more popular ਝੁੰਮਰ ''jhummară'', though the eventual ubiquity of bhangra would trigger a revival of ''jhummar'' in recent years.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Schreffler | first = Gibb | title= "It's Our Culture": Dynamics of the Revival and Reemergence of Punjabi Jhummar | journal= Asian Music | year = 2014 | volume=35 | issue = 1 |pages=34–76 | doi = 10.1353/amu.2013.0025 | jstor = 24256904 }}</ref>

Bhangra connects to a much deeper set of [[Masculinity|masculine]] values.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Mooney|first=Nicola|date=2008-09-19|title=Aaja Nach Lai [Come Dance]|journal=Ethnologies|volume=30|issue=1|pages=103–124|doi=10.7202/018837ar|issn=1708-0401|doi-access=}}</ref> Most of these values are set through labour, industry and self-sufficiency in agriculture, loyalty, independence and bravery in personal, political and military endeavours; and the development and expression of virility, vigour, and honour are common themes.<ref name=":1" /> The use of a long staff, or ''khuṇḍā'', by the men are reminiscent of martial dances like the bagha, from which bhangra's roots are traced.<ref name="Dhillon">{{cite book |last1=Dhillon |first1=Iqbal S. |title=Folk Dances of Panjab |date=1998 |publisher=National Book Shop |isbn=9788171162208 |pages=69, 90 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=edbfAAAAMAAJ&q=martial}}</ref>

''Bhangra'' referred both to formal male performances and to communal dancing among men and women.<ref name=":1" /> In the past 30 years, bhangra has been established all over the world. It has become integrated into popular Asian culture after being mixed with hip hop, house and reggae styles of music.<ref name=":2" /> Certain bhangra moves have been adapted and changed over time but at its core remains a sense of cultural identity and tradition.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=What is Bhangra |url=http://www.bhangra.org/about/bhangra-history/what-is-bhangra/ |website=Bhangra |access-date=28 November 2019 |archive-date=28 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128203520/http://www.bhangra.org/about/bhangra-history/what-is-bhangra/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Traditionally, bhangra is danced by men but now we see both men and women participating in this dance form. With bhangra competitions all over the world, we see all sorts of people competing in these events.<ref name=":3" />

== Women in bhangra ==
Nowadays, while bhangra was "traditionally not for women at all," many second-generation diaspora [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] women have connected with their culture through bhangra, though at the expense of the traditional women's ''giddha'', which has more of an emphasis on softer movements, acting, and storytelling. Bhangra is often adapted to suit women in this circumstance, in choices of moves, costumes, and props.<ref name=":0">{{cite magazine |last=Dhurandhar |first=Sunita |date=June 22, 2005 |title= Return to Bhangra: from dance clubs to gym clubs, young South Asian women reclaim a dance never meant for them |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Return+to+Bhangra%3A+from+dance+clubs+to+gym+clubs%2C+young+South+Asian...-a0133188357 |magazine=Colorlines |location= |publisher= |page=54}}</ref> This was concurrent with the rise in popularity of [[bhangra music]] abroad in the 1970s and 1980s, mixing with Western music genres. Women partaking in bhangra, seen as a powerful dance, is often motivated by modern notions of equality, often clashing with standards of authenticity and tradition.<ref name=":0" /> Like the men's ''jhummar'', bhangra's over-commodification has also prompted efforts to revive other women's dances like the ਸੰਮੀ ''[[Sammi (dance)|sammī]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schreffler|first=Gibb|date=August 2012|journal=Sikh Formations|volume=8|issue=2|pages=127–146|doi=10.1080/17448727.2012.702416|issn=1744-8727|title=Desperately Seekingsammi: Re-Inventing Women's Dance in Punjab|s2cid=144763946}}</ref>

Raaniyan Di Raunaq is India's first all-women's bhangra competition.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McCoy |first1=Maya |title=Raniyaan di Raunaq is America's First All-Women's Bhangra Competition |url=https://www.kajalmag.com/first-womens-bhangra-competition/ |website=Kajal Mag |date=23 May 2019 |publisher=Kajal Media LLC |access-date=28 November 2019}}</ref> Even with the abundance of female bhangra performers, many see this dance form as only masculine.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/express/2019/08/08/raniyaan-di-raunaq-americas-first-all-womens-bhangra-competition-shakes-up-status-quo/|title=Raniyaan di Raunaq, America's first all-women's bhangra competition, shakes up the status quo|last=Sinnenberg|first=Jackson|date=August 8, 2019|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Many women that compete in bhangra shows are judged according to a criterion that is made for male performers.<ref name=":3" /> Raaniyan Di Raunaq has customized a bhangra competition just for women or for those who identify as transgender or nonbinary.<ref name=":3" /> This competition has coveted a safe space for women to have the ability to compete and be judged equally.

== Innovations and adaptations ==
In recent years, bhangra has also been performed in innovative styles, including a variant termed ''“Bhangra on Skates”'', in which traditional bhangra steps are executed while skating.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Jan 24, 2025 |title=Local skater Janvi spins her way to Guinness World Records |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/local-skater-janvi-spins-her-way-to-guinness-world-records/ |work=The Tribune |quote=introducing Bhangra on skates.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=Aug 10, 2020 |title=Chandigarh ਦੀ 12 ਸਾਲ ਦੀ ਜਾਨ੍ਹਵੀ ਸਕੇਟਸ ’ਤੇ bhangra ਪਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ [12-year-old Janvi from Chandigarh performs bhangra on skates] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1a6Sq4eTFZM |work=BBC Punjabi}}</ref> This form has been showcased in [[Chandigarh]], [[India]], through performances by freestyle skater Janvi Jindal..<ref>{{Cite news |date=Jul 26, 2020 |title=12-year-old skater from Chandigarh dances her way into India Book of Records |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/12-year-old-skater-from-chandigarh-dances-her-way-into-india-book-of-records/story-N6SFuWjlN6SGpwKg8oFBIM.html |access-date=8 Sep 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |quote=youngest to perform Bhangra on skates}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=Jul 23, 2025 |title=World at her feet: UT skater spins her way into record books |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/world-at-her-feet-ut-skater-spins-her-way-into-record-books/articleshow/122860894.cms |work=Times of India |quote=youngest to perform bhangra on skates.}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:North American Live Bhangra Team.jpg|North American live bhangra team ''Johr Jawani Da''
File:Punjabi Pengra Drummer.JPG|Punjabi bhangra drummer (Jhelum, Pakistan)
File:Punjabi Folk dance Gaidda Boliya and Bhangara 37.jpg|Bhangra
File:Bangda dance.jpg|A group of students performing bhangra (dance) (India)
File:Bhangra punjab.jpg|Bhangra dancers
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Bhangra Empire]]
*[[Dhol]]
*[[Folk dances of Punjab|Punjabi folk dances]]
*[[Giddha]]
*[[Music of Punjab]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
*Dhillon, Iqbal Singh. 1998. ''Folk Dances of Panjab''. Delhi: National Book Shop.
*Pandher, Gurdeep. 2016. [https://www.gurdeep.ca/bhangra/bhangra-history/ "History of Bhangra"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225065304/https://gurdeep.ca/bhangra/bhangra-history/ |date=2022-12-25 }}. History of Bhangra, Gurdeep Pandher.
*Schreffler, Gibb. 2010. [https://www.proquest.com/docview/815758055 ''Signs of Separation: Dhol in Punjabi Culture'']. University of California, Santa Barbara.
*Schreffler, Gibb. 2013. [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19472498.2013.808514#.Ufx7cKU8x8s "Situating bhangra dance: a critical introduction"]. 'South Asian History and Culture' 4(3): 384–412.

==External links==
{{Commons category|Bhangra}}

{{Dance in India}}
{{Punjab (India)}}

[[Category:Punjabi culture]]
[[Category:Folk dances of Punjab]]
[[Category:Punjabi words and phrases]]
[[Category:Dances of India]]
[[Category:Dance in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Bhangra (music)]]
[[Category:Desi culture]]

Kerakat railway station

2026-03-04T16:51:05Z

Jameshowlett179011: minor edit

{{short description|Railway Station in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Notability|date=January 2026}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2026}}
{{One source|date=January 2026}}
{{Original research|date=January 2026}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Kerakat railway station
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| type =
| style = Indian Railways
| image =
| image_caption =
| address = Kerakat–Azamgarh Road (via Deogaon), Chittauna, [[Kerakat]], [[Jaunpur district|Jaunpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] – 222142
| country = India
| iso_region =
| coordinates = {{Coord|25.647767|82.918429|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline}}
| elevation = {{convert|84|m|ft}}
| line = [[Aunrihar–Jaunpur line|Jaunpur-Aunrihar line]]
| other = Bus stand, Auto stand
| structure = [[Intersection_(road)#At_grade_railways|At grade]]
| platform = 2
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks = 4
| parking = Yes
| bicycle = Yes
| baggage_check =
| opened = {{Start date and age|1904|3|21}}
| closed =
| rebuilt = {{Start date|2022|4|23}}
| status = Active
| electrified = Yes
| accessible = {{Access icon|20px}}
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = KCT
| zone = [[North Eastern Railway zone|North Eastern Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Varanasi}}
}}
| owned = [[Ministry of Railways (India)]]
| operator = [[Indian Railways]]
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers = 2500
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = [[File:Feature ticket office.svg|20px|Computerized Ticketing Counters]] [[File:Feature parking.svg|20px|Parking]] [[File:Feature accessible.svg|20px|Disabled Access]] [[File:SymbolCoffeeShop.svg|20px|Food Plaza]] [[File:Aseos Públicos.jpg|20px|WC]] [[File:Feature suburban buses.svg|20px|Public Transportation]]{{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=North Eastern Railway zone|left=Gangauli|right=Dobhi|to-left=Jaunpur Junction|to-right=Aunrihar Junction|type=Aunrihar–Kerakat-Jaunpur line}}
| map_locator =
| route_map =
| map_state =
| map_type = India#India Uttar Pradesh
| map_dot_label = Kerakat railway station
}}

'''Kerakat railway station''' (station code KCT) is a railway station in [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh]], India. It is a passenger rail station serving the town of [[Kerakat]] and nearby villages.

The station is situated {{convert|0.7|km}} North side from [[Kerakat]] Main Market. The station is part of the [[North Eastern Railway zone]]'s Varanasi Division and the [[Aunrihar-Jaunpur line]] via Kerakat.

This station is a category (NSG 6) in North Eastern Railway. This station is situated in east Jaunpur.

Nearby stations include {{stnlnk|Jaunpur Junction}} (JNU) and {{stnlnk|Zafarabad Junction}} (ZBD).

==Overview==

Kerakat railway station is a low-revenue station, serving over 2,500 passengers and over 6 Mail/Express and 6 Passenger trains (including MEMU) on a daily basis. It is under the administrative control of the [[North Eastern Railway zone]]'s [[Varanasi railway division]].

Kerakat railway station is well connected with many important cultural cites such as [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Kolkata]], [[Jammu]], [[Gorakhpur]], [[Varanasi]], [[Chhapra]], [[Lucknow]], etc.

==History==

Kerakat railway station was established on March 21, 1904, during the British colonial era. Originally part of the Bengal and North Western Railway, it was built as a 1,000 mm (metre-gauge) line along the Aunrihar–Kerakat–Jaunpur route.

'''Timeline of major developments'''

*'''1904:''' The Aunrihar-Kerakat-Jaunpur line was opened, with Kerakat station serving as an important stop.
*'''1904 (British Steam Era):''' The station included a pump house on its eastern side to fill water for the steam locomotives. The ruins of this pump house are still visible today.
*'''2010–2011:''' The Aunrihar–Kerakat–Jaunpur line was converted from metre-gauge to broad-gauge, modernizing the railway infrastructure. It was converted to {{track gauge|1676 mm}}-wide [[broad gauge]] in 2010–11 along with basic amenities for the station with additional funds to the tune of {{INRConvert|13|l}} from [[MPLADS]].<ref name="station">{{cite news|title=केराकत को मिलेगा स्टेशन का दर्जा. रामचरित्र निषाद (Kerakat will get station status: Ramcharitra Nishad)|url=http://www.patrika.com/news/jaunpur/get-kerakt-status-station-ramcritr-nishad-6586/|access-date=22 July 2016|work=patrika.com|date=29 December 2015|location=Jaunpur|language=hi}}</ref> This Station Rebuilt in 2010-2011 From Meter gauge station to Broad Gauge Station with single line.
*'''2019:''' The single-line section was electrified.
*'''2022:''' A new, double electric line was constructed. On April 23, 2022, a new station building was also inaugurated, marking a significant upgrade to the station's facilities

== Trains ==
# [[Suhaildev Superfast Express|Suhaildev Express]]
# Gondia - Barauni Express
# [[Loknayak Express]]
# [[Bandra Terminus–Ghazipur City Weekly Express|Bandra Terminus - Ghazipur City Express]]
# [[Ghazipur City–Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Weekly Express]]
# Jaunpur - Ghazipur City Memu Express
# Chhapra - Surat SPL
# Mau - Anand Vihar Terminal SF Express

==See also==
*[[Bengal and North Western Railway]]
*[[North Eastern Railway zone]]
*[[Jaunpur Junction]]
*[[Aunrihar Junction]]
*[[Varanasi Junction]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|
url=http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/kerakat-kct/8320| title=Arrivals at KCT/Kerakat| website=IndiaRailInfo}}
* {{cite web| url=http://indiarailinfo.com/departures/kerakat-kct/8320| title=Departures from KCT/Kerakat| website=IndiaRailInfo}}

{{Railway stations in Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1904]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Jaunpur district]]
[[Category:Transport in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Varanasi railway division]]

Rambaiyin Kaadhal (1956 film)

2026-03-04T04:58:30Z

Jameshowlett179011: added stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Rambaiyin Kaadhal
| image = Rambaiyin Kaadhal (1956).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = R. R. Chandran
| screenplay = P. Raghu R. R. Chandran K. Narayanan
| producer = R. R. Chandran
| starring = [[P. Bhanumathi]] [[K. A. Thangavelu]] [[M. N. Rajam]]
| cinematography = R. R. Chandran
| editing = J. B. Raj
| music = [[T. R. Pappa]]
| studio = Kalpana Kala Mandhir
| released = {{film date|1956|9|28|df=y}}
| runtime = 137 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Rambaiyin Kaadhal''''' ({{Translation|[[Rambha (apsara)|Rambha]]'s Love}}) is a 1956 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Hindu mythological film]] starring [[P. Bhanumathi]], [[K. A. Thangavelu]] and [[M. N. Rajam]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=30 September 1956 |title=ரம்பையின் காதல் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1956-09-30/page/n9/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230308060913/https://archive.org/details/kalki1956-09-30/page/n9/mode/2up |archive-date=8 March 2023 |access-date=8 March 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=8 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> A remake of the 1939 film of [[Rambaiyin Kaadhal (1939 film)|the same name]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2023 |title=84 வருடங்களுக்கு முன்பே பாக்ஸ் ஆபிஸில் மாஸ் காட்டிய ரம்பையின் காதல் படம் |url=https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/cinema-rambaiyin-kaadhal-which-registered-a-box-office-hit-84-years-ago-897901.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230226065751/https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/cinema-rambaiyin-kaadhal-which-registered-a-box-office-hit-84-years-ago-897901.html |archive-date=26 February 2023 |access-date=8 March 2023 |website=[[News18]] |language=ta}}</ref> it was released on 28 September 1956.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1956 – ரம்பையின் காதல் – கல்பனா பிக்சர்ஸ் |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1956-cinedetails29.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012075306/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1956-cinedetails29.asp |archive-date=12 October 2022 |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=March 2023}}
On one of her sojourns to the earth, the celestial nymph Rambha is struck by the serene, picturesque beauty of an obscure spot. Tired of the ostentatious splendour of the Indra's court, she is filled with a quiet rapture at discovering the idyllic, rustic charm of this earthly setting. So entranced is she by the place that she is late for her usual dance recital in the hall of the King of Gods. When Indra learns the reason for her belated arrival, he flies into a rage and curses Rambha to be transformed into a statue during the day in the very place that had so transfixed her.

In that hamlet, there lived a young simpleton who was always the target of everyone's taunts and tricks. A group of mischief mongers lead him blindfolded to the statue and performing a sham ceremony, declare that the statue is his wife. Rambha too falls in love with her gullible husband. The events that follow range from hilarious to moving and heartwarming.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|* [[P. Bhanumathi]] as [[Rambha (apsara)|Rambha]]
* [[K. A. Thangavelu|Thangavelu]] as Muthazhagu
* [[T. S. Balaiah]] as [[Yama (Hinduism)|Yama]]
* [[M. N. Nambiar]] as [[Narada]]
* [[S. V. Subbaiah]] as the king
* [[M. N. Rajam]] as Princess Suguna
* [[E. V. Saroja]] as [[Urvashi]]
* [[Ambika Sukumaran|Ambika]] as [[Menaka]]
* [[T. P. Muthulakshmi]] as Oyyari
* [[C. K. Saraswathi]] as Panchavarnam
* Saradhambal as Kamakshi
* [[E. R. Sahadevan]] as [[Indra]]
* [[Kaka Radhakrishnan]] as Kailasam
* Sattampillai Venkatraman as Vaikundam
* [[S. A. Ashokan|Ashokan]] as the Minister}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[T. R. Pappa]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam — Part 1 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |year=2014 |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=116–117 |language=Tamil}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length
|-
| "Kattivellam Neeye Katterumbu Naane" || K. H. Reddy & A. G. Rathnamala || rowspan=5|[[A. Maruthakasi]]||
|-
| "Kalaignanam Uravaadum Naadu" || P. Leela & N. L. Ganasaraswathi || 04:34
|-
| "Podu Dakku Mukku Dakku Thaalam" || S. C. Krishnan & Jikki || 02:22
|-
| "Samarasam Ulaavum Idame" || rowspan=3|Seerkazhi Govindarajan || 04:32
|-
| "Bagavaane Mounam Eno" || 03:09
|-
| "Bakthar Potrum Badhrachchalane Naaraayanaa" || rowspan=8|[[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]]|| 05:02
|-
| "Kannu Therinju Nadakkanum" || T. M. Soundararajan, S. V. Ponnusamy & Ramaiah || 02:43
|-
| "Aadavaareer Indre Aadavaareer" || rowspan=2|P. Bhanumathi || 03:41
|-
| "Kannaalaa Vaazhvile Kaadhal Poidhaana" || 03:16
|-
| "Saanjaa Saayara Pakkame Saayara Semmari Aadugalaa" || T. M. Soundararajan || 03:04
|-
| "Kannaalaa Vaazhvile Kaadhal Poidhaana" || P. Bhanumathi & P. Suseela || 03:51
|-
| "Kattumasthu Kalaiyaadha Kattazhagi...Katthiri Saadham" || P. Leela || 03:23
|-
| "Aalamara Muniyaandi...Sanggili Karuppano" || S. V. Ponnusamy || 02:22
|}

== Reception ==
''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "Bhanumathi, still in her prime as an actress, fills remarkably the role of Ramba. Muthulakshmi, the budding starlet, shows real promise. But Nambiar makes a mockery of Narada".<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 September 1956 |title=Rambha's Love |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19560928&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=15 October 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' appreciated the direction, writing and music.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=21 October 1956 |title=ரம்பையின் காதல் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1956-10-21/page/n57/mode/2up? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240920120624/https://archive.org/details/kalki1956-10-21/page/n57/mode/2up? |archive-date=20 September 2024 |access-date=20 September 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=56–57 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1956 Indian films]]
[[Category:1956 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1956 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by T. R. Pappa]]
[[Category:Hindu mythological films]]
[[Category:Remakes of Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

SonyLIV

2026-03-04T04:55:58Z

Jameshowlett179011: general enhance article to improve readability and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Indian video streaming service}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=June 2021}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox website
| name = Sony LIV
| logo =
SonyLIV 2020.png
| logo_caption = Logo used since {{Start date and age|df=y|2020|5|25}}
| logo_size = 120px
| company_type = [[Streaming]]
| owner = [[Sony]]
| country = [[Mumbai, India]]
| parent = [[Sony Pictures Networks|Culver Max Entertainment]]
| url = {{URL|https://www.sonyliv.com}}
| language = * [[Hindi]]
* [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
* [[English language|English]]
* [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
* [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
* [[Malayalam]]
* [[Kannada]]
* [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
* [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2013|01|22}}
| industry = {{hlist|[[Entertainment]]|[[mass media]]}}
| collapsible =
| type = [[Over-the-top media service|OTT platform]]
| products = {{flatlist|
* [[Streaming media]]
* [[video on demand]]
* [[digital distribution]]
}}
| services = {{flatlist|
* Film production
* film distribution
* television production
}}
| country_of_origin = India
| area_served = Canada, Europe, Middle East, Indo-Pacific, South Asia, and United States
| commercial = Yes
| registration = Required{{efn|Optional in India, but monthly subscription is required to access additional content.}}
| current_status = Active
| num_users = {{increase}} 33.3 million (paid; May 2023)<ref>{{cite web |date=18 May 2023 |title=SonyLIV has 33.3 mn paid subscribers globally, 40,000 hours of content: NP Singh |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/sonyliv-has-33-3-mn-paid-subscribers-globally-40-000-hours-of-content-np-singh-11684394968639.html#:~:text=SonyLIV%2C%20the%20video%20streaming%20platform,at%20the%20Sony%20Corporate%20Strategy |access-date=24 April 2024 |archive-date=24 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424172751/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/sonyliv-has-33-3-mn-paid-subscribers-globally-40-000-hours-of-content-np-singh-11684394968639.html#:~:text=SonyLIV%2C%20the%20video%20streaming%20platform,at%20the%20Sony%20Corporate%20Strategy |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
'''Sony LIV''' is an Indian [[Video on demand#Subscription models|subscription video-on-demand]] [[Over-the-top media service|over-the-top]] [[Streaming media|streaming]] service owned by [[Sony Pictures Networks|Culver Max Entertainment]]. Sony LIV was introduced in 2013<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/sony-launches-digital-entertainment-platform-sony-liv-113012200570_1.html |date=2013 |title=Sony Launches Video on Demand |newspaper=Business Standard India |last1=Laghate |first1=Gaurav |archive-date=14 June 2021 |access-date=14 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614090329/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/sony-launches-digital-entertainment-platform-sony-liv-113012200570_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> as the first [[Over-the-top media services in India|OTT]] service in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.gravatar.com/Avatar|title=avatar - Gravatar Profile|website=En.gravatar.com|access-date=22 July 2022|archive-date=10 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110173127/https://en.gravatar.com/avatar/|url-status=dead}}</ref> As a streaming service, it provides [[Sony Sports Network|live sports]], [[List of SonyLIV original programming|original titles]], other content titles from its own networks and content titles in India licensed from third-parties such as [[JioHotstar]], [[Netflix]] among others. The Sony LIV content library includes [[film]]s, [[Television show|TV shows and series]], and sports.

== History ==
Sony LIV was launched on 23 January 2013.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |last=Deb |first=Debabrata |date=2018-07-15 |title=The ultimate SonyLIV review: Everything you need to know |url=https://www.finder.com/in/sonyliv |access-date=2020-07-02 |website=finder India |language=en-in |archive-date=2 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702114847/https://www.finder.com/in/sonyliv |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== LIV Sports ===
'''LIV Sports''' was launched on 1 June 2014 by Culver Max Entertainment<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/multi-screen-media-launches-liv-sports/article6074608.ece |title=Multiscreen Media Launches Liv Sports |date=2 June 2014 |website=The Hindu Business Line |access-date=2 June 2014 |archive-date=2 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602201025/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/multi-screen-media-launches-liv-sports/article6074608.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> (as a new sports streaming service exclusively for sports properties). LIV Sports was the official mobile and internet broadcaster for the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]] starting 12 June 2014. LIV Sports aired both live and video-on-demand match content with statistics and analysis.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiantvinfo.com/2018-fifa-world-cup-india-telecast-rights/ |title=2018 FIFA World Cup Russia Live Online Streaming Available Through Sony LIV Application |website=Indiantvinfo.com |access-date=2018-02-14 |date=2018-02-14 |archive-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218145643/https://www.indiantvinfo.com/2018-fifa-world-cup-india-telecast-rights/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Sony LIV first revamp (2018) ===
[[File:Sony LIV2017.jpg|200px|thumb|Sony LIV logo from 2016 to 2020]]
Sony LIV underwent its first revamp and started to stream live television channels. Since then, Sony LIV has added many shows and movies to its portfolio. On 1 November 2018, Sony LIV and [[Lionsgate Studios|Lionsgate]] entered a multi-year content<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/sonyliv-lionsgate-india-partner-to-offer-premium-content/articleshow/66465575.cms?from=mdr |title=Sony LIV, Lionsgate India partner to offer premium content |date=1 November 2018 |website=economic times |last1=Laghate |first1=Gaurav}}</ref> deal.

=== Sony LIV second revamp (2020) ===
Sony LIV revamped its content and interface in May 2020 using [[Amazon Web Services|AWS Cloud]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aws.amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/sonyliv/ |title=Sony LIV Grows Subscriber Base Tenfold and Enhances Streaming Platform Supported by AWS |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215140049/https://aws.amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/sonyliv/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Sony LIV was launched as a streaming service in the United States on [[Sling TV]], streaming all the shows available in India on the app.<ref>{{cite web |title=Watch Live Indian TV Channels - Shows and Movies Online {{!}} Sling TV |url=https://www.sling.com/international/pm/sonyliv |access-date=2020-06-04 |website=Sling.com |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804004322/https://www.sling.com/international/pm/sonyliv |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Palermo |first=Philip |date=2020-05-31 |title=Sling TV Adds Sony Pictures Networks India's SonyLIV VOD Service |url=https://www.cordcuttersnews.com/sling-tv-adds-sony-pictures-networks-indias-sonyliv-vod-service/ |access-date=2020-06-04 |website=Cord Cutters News |language=en-US |archive-date=20 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620062349/https://www.cordcuttersnews.com/sling-tv-adds-sony-pictures-networks-indias-sonyliv-vod-service/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 15 January 2021, [[WWE Network]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Dua |first=Priyanka |date=2021-01-16 |title=SonyLIV Launches WWE Pack At Rs. 299; Offering Five Profiles And Offline Content Download |url=https://www.gizbot.com/home-entertainment/news/sonyliv-launches-wwe-pack-at-rs-299-offering-five-profiles-and-offline-content-download-072124.html |access-date=2021-01-16 |website=Gizbot.com |language=en |archive-date=17 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117040116/https://www.gizbot.com/home-entertainment/news/sonyliv-launches-wwe-pack-at-rs-299-offering-five-profiles-and-offline-content-download-072124.html |url-status=live }}</ref> was launched in India through Sony LIV.

Sony LIV was launched in [[Canada]] on 14 October 2021.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Naman |title=Indian Streamer SonyLIV Launches in Canada with Family Saga 'Tabbar' (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/news/sonyliv-canada-launch-tabbar-1235088876/ |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=14 October 2021 |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218120955/https://variety.com/2021/streaming/news/sonyliv-canada-launch-tabbar-1235088876/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was launched in Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore on 25 February 2021. On 12 June 2021, as part of Europe Phase-1, Sony LIV was launched in France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Switzerland, and the UK (9 April 2021). On 1 October 2021, as part of Europe Phase-2, Sony LIV was launched in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Sweden.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Naman |title=Indian Streamer SonyLIV Sets Global Expansion Plans With 40-Strong Slate (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/news/sonyliv-india-global-expansion-scam-1992-huma-qureshi-1235000217/ |access-date=14 April 2023 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=18 June 2021 |archive-date=14 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414065849/https://variety.com/2021/streaming/news/sonyliv-india-global-expansion-scam-1992-huma-qureshi-1235000217/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Content ==
=== Current broadcasting rights ===
* [[2022 Asian Games]] (2023)<ref>{{Cite web | title=Asian Games Hangzhou 2022 in 2023: Preview, schedule and how to watch live | url=https://olympics.com/en/news/asian-games-hangzhou-preview-schedule--how-to-watch-live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929024420/https://olympics.com/en/news/asian-games-hangzhou-preview-schedule--how-to-watch-live | access-date=2024-12-24 | archive-date=2023-09-29}}</ref>
* [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]] (2022–24)<ref name="usopen.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2022-08-25/sony_pictures_networks_india_to_air_us_open_in_india_through_2024.html |title=Sony Pictures Networks India to air US Open in India through 2024 |access-date=29 August 2023 |archive-date=29 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829174046/https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2022-08-25/sony_pictures_networks_india_to_air_us_open_in_india_through_2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Overview ===
Sony LIV's core library consists of 18+ years of content from Culver Max Entertainment's channels including [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]], [[Sony SAB]], [[Sony Aath]] and [[Sony Marathi]]; and more than 700+ movies, which means a total of 40,000+ hours of television show coverage in Hindi and English.<ref name="auto"/>

=== History ===
Varieties of anime originals from [[Animax (Asian TV channel)|Animax]] were available on Sony LIV to stream. After shutting down a linear TV channel on 18 April 2017, [[Animax (Indian TV channel)|Animax]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/kids/sony-to-shift-animax-channel-to-sonyliv-170413 |title=Sony to shift Animax channel to SonyLiv |date=2017-04-13 |website=Indian Television Dot Com |language=en |access-date=2019-12-05 |archive-date=12 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612212400/https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/kids/sony-to-shift-animax-channel-to-sonyliv-170413 |url-status=live }}</ref> was made available exclusively as a digital streaming channel in India from 7 July 2017 to 7 May 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-05-17/animax-asia-channel-removed-from-sony-liv-streaming-app/.159617 |title=Animax Asia Channel Removed from 'Sony LIV' Streaming App |date=17 May 2020 |website=Animenewsnetwork.com |access-date=15 June 2021 |archive-date=28 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028170535/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-05-17/animax-asia-channel-removed-from-sony-liv-streaming-app/.159617 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Sony LIV also streamed cricket matches played by [[Pakistan Cricket Board|Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite news |date=2021-01-31 |title=Cricket Archives PSL 2021 Live Streaming & TV Channels, Pakistan Super League 2021 |url=http://www.cricketzine.com/psl-2021-live-streaming-tv-channels-pakistan-super-league-2021/ |website=Cricketzine.com |language=en |archive-date=10 February 2021 |access-date=31 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210050716/http://www.cricketzine.com/psl-2021-live-streaming-tv-channels-pakistan-super-league-2021/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Beginning with the 2022 [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]], Sony Pictures Networks India will have the exclusive live television and digital rights to the US Open in India through 2024. {{asof|August 2023|post=,}} US Open would livestream on Sony LIV.

SonyLIV forayed into digital music producing music for the Sony Pictures blockbuster Passengers 2016 starring Jennifer Lawrence and Chris Pratt sung by Shirley Sethia, Jubin Nautiyal and Raftaar, composed by Sukumar Dutta.<ref name="usopen.org"/>

=== Sony LIV Originals ===
{{Main|List of SonyLIV original programming}}

Sony LIV has streamed a number of original [[streaming television]] series. The world's first-ever original was a Gujarati web series titled ''[[Kacho Papad Pako Papad]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/specials/year-enders/2017-the-year-otts-went-regional-in-india-180104 |title=2017: The year OTTs went regional in India |date=4 January 2018 |website=Indian Television Dot Com |access-date=5 September 2019 |archive-date=13 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813090938/http://www.indiantelevision.com/specials/year-enders/2017-the-year-otts-went-regional-in-india-180104 |url-status=live }}</ref> and it is streaming since 2017.

Sony LIV underwent multiple revamps including a revamp in its appearance in June 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sonyliv.com/ |title=SonyLIV |website=Sonyliv.com |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=6 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006082126/https://www.sonyliv.com/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Since then, Sony LIV provides their original shows in 5–7 languages.

=== Genres ===
Sony LIV features content in the following key genres: comedy, crime, drama, horror and action.<ref name="faq">{{cite web |title=Frequently Asked Questions |url=https://www.sonyliv.com/faqs#accordion9 |website=sonyliv.com |access-date=28 October 2020 |archive-date=3 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703124725/https://www.sonyliv.com/faqs#accordion9 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Viewership ==
As of August 2015, Sony LIV had reached about 25 million views on a monthly basis.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/internet/sony-to-move-its-video-streaming-service-sony-liv-to-a-fee-based-model/48739192 |title=Sony to move its video streaming service SonyLIV to a fee-based model|access-date= 2015-08-31 |date=2015-09-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903031309/http://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/internet/sony-to-move-its-video-streaming-service-sony-liv-to-a-fee-based-model/48739192 |archive-date=3 September 2015}}</ref>

== Sony LIV security flaw ==
On 20 December 2019, [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]]-based security researcher Ehraz Ahmed discovered a [[Vulnerability (computer security)|security flaw]] in the Sony LIV app, that allowed to fetch sensitive user information such as profile picture, email address, date of birth, name and phone number of its registered users.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/apps/news/sonyliv-api-flaw-fix-user-information-attack-app-update-2151958 |title=SonyLIV Fixes Flaw That Could Allow Attackers to Fetch User Information |website=NDTV Gadgets 360 |date=20 December 2019 |language=en |access-date=2019-12-23 |archive-date=7 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607092435/https://gadgets.ndtv.com/apps/news/sonyliv-api-flaw-fix-user-information-attack-app-update-2151958 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Sony Pictures Networks|Culver Max Entertainment]]
* [[ZEE5]]
* [[Crunchyroll]]
* [[Funimation]]
* [[Wakanim]]
* [[VRV (streaming service)|VRV]]
* [[Anime on Demand]]
* [[Crackle (service)|Crackle]]
* [[Hooq]]
* [[Quizzer of the Year]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}

{{Sony}}
{{VOD services}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sony LIV}}
[[Category:Sony Pictures Entertainment]]
[[Category:Sony Pictures Television]]
[[Category:Subscription video on demand services]]
[[Category:Video on demand services]]
[[Category:Indian entertainment websites]]
[[Category:Internet television channels]]
[[Category:Sony Pictures Networks India]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2013]]
[[Category:TvOS software]]
[[Category:OTT Platforms in India]]

Penn Deivam

2026-03-04T04:54:39Z

Jameshowlett179011: quick update

{{More citations needed|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Penn Deivam.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[M. A. Thirumugam]]
| writer = [[Aaroor Dass]] (dialogues)
| screenplay = [[Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar]]
| story = A. Abdul Mutthaleef
| producer = Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar
| starring = [[Jaishankar (actor)|Jaishankar]] [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] [[R. Muthuraman]]
| cinematography = P. Bhaskar Rao
| editing = M. A. Thirumugam M. G. Balu Rao
| music = [[V. Kumar]]
| studio = [[Dhandayuthapani Films]]
| released = {{Film date|1970|01|22|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Penn Deivam''''' ({{Translation|Divine Woman}}) is a 1970 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]], directed by [[M. A. Thirumugam]] and produced by [[Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar]]. The film stars [[Jaishankar (actor)|Jaishankar]], [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]], [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]], [[R. Muthuraman]] and [[Major Sundarrajan]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=10 September 2016 |title=Penn Deivam (1970) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Penn-Deivam-1970/article14640088.ece |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219023849/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Penn-Deivam-1970/article14640088.ece |archive-date=19 December 2019}}</ref> It was released on 22 January 1970.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Penn Deivam (1970) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/penn-deivam |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116091525/https://screen4screen.com/movies/penn-deivam |archive-date=16 January 2024 |access-date=16 January 2024 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}</ref> The film was remade in Telugu as ''Inti Gouravam''.{{Cn|date=January 2024}}

== Plot ==
{{no plot|date=September 2021}}

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Jaishankar (actor)|Jaishankar]] as Police Inspector
*[[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] as Ponnamma
*[[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] as Lakshmi
*[[R. Muthuraman]] as Muthuraman
*[[Nagesh]]
*[[V. S. Raghavan]]
*[[Sachu]]
*[[Udaya Chandrika]]
*[[K. R. Indira Devi]]
*[[Thengai Srinivasan]]
*[[Major Sundarrajan]] as Ponnamma's husband
*[[Sridevi|Baby Sridevi]] as young Lakshmi
*[[Sumathi (actress)|Baby Sumathi]] as child Lakshmi
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[V. Kumar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Penn Deivam |url=https://tamilsongslyrics123.com/movie/Penn%20Deivam |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917054740/https://tamilsongslyrics123.com/movie/Penn%20Deivam |archive-date=17 September 2021 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=Tamil Songs Lyrics}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics
|-
| "Thaai Oru Pakkam" || [[P. Susheela]] || rowspan=3|[[Kannadasan]]
|-
| "Udhatile Enakku Oru Macham" || [[L. R. Eswari]]
|-
| "Oru Veedu Venduma" || [[T. M. Soundararajan]], P. Susheela
|-
| "Vetkkam Kollalama" || T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela || [[Alangudi Somu]]
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}
{{M. A. Thirumugam}}
[[Category:1970 drama films]]
[[Category:1970 films]]
[[Category:1970 Indian films]]
[[Category:1970 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by M. A. Thirumugam]]
[[Category:Films scored by V. Kumar]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films produced by Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar]]

Volumetric flow rate

2026-03-03T21:09:27Z

Jameshowlett179011: updated page

{{Expert needed|physics|ex2=engineering|talk=Compressible flow? Surely there's no such thing.|reason=Lacks treatment of compressible flow|date=May 2023}}
{{Short description|Volume of fluid which passes per unit time}}
{{Distinguish|Volumetric flux}}
{{Infobox physical quantity
| bgcolour = {default}
| name = Volume flow rate
| image =
| caption =
| unit = m3/s
| symbols = {{mvar|Q}}, <math>\dot V</math>
| derivations =
| dimension = wikidata
}}
{{Thermodynamics}}


In [[physics]] and [[engineering]], in particular [[fluid dynamics]], the '''volumetric flow rate''' (also known as '''volume flow rate''', or '''volume velocity''') is the volume of fluid which passes per unit time; usually it is represented by the symbol {{mvar|Q}} (sometimes <math>\dot V</math>). Its [[SI unit]] is [[Cubic metre per second|cubic metres per second]] (m3/s).

It contrasts with ''[[mass flow rate]]'', which is the other main type of fluid flow rate. In most contexts a mention of "rate of fluid flow" is likely to refer to the volumetric rate. In [[hydrometry]], the volumetric flow rate is known as ''[[discharge (hydrology)|discharge]]''.

The volumetric flow rate across a unit area is called ''[[volumetric flux]]'', as defined by [[Darcy's law]] and represented by the symbol {{mvar|q}}. Conversely, the integration of a volumetric flux over a given area gives the volumetric flow rate.

==Units==
The [[SI unit]] is [[Cubic metre per second|cubic metres per second]] (m3/s). Another unit used is [[standard cubic centimetres per minute]] (SCCM). In [[US customary units]] and [[imperial units]], volumetric flow rate is often expressed as [[cubic foot|cubic feet]] per second (ft3/s) or [[gallons per minute]] (either US or imperial definitions). In [[oceanography]], the [[sverdrup]] (symbol: Sv, not to be confused with the [[sievert]]) is a non-[[International System of Units|SI]] [[Metric_units#Volume_flow_rate|metric unit]] of flow, with {{nowrap|1 Sv}} equal to {{convert|1|e6m3/s|cuft/s}};<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/glossary.html#S |title=Glossary |website=Ocean Surface Currents |publisher=[[University of Miami]] [[Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science]] |access-date=2019-04-15 |archive-date=2019-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724042542/https://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/glossary.html#S |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ecoworld.com/technology/sverdrups-brine.html |title=Sverdrups & Brine |website=Ecoworld |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120155822/http://www.ecoworld.com/technology/sverdrups-brine.html |archive-date=20 January 2011 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 August 2017}}</ref> it is equivalent to the SI derived unit cubic [[hectometer]] per second (symbol: hm3/s or hm3⋅s−1). Named after [[Harald Sverdrup (oceanographer)|Harald Sverdrup]], it is used almost exclusively in [[oceanography]] to measure the volumetric rate of transport of [[ocean current]]s.

==Fundamental definition==
Volumetric flow rate is defined by the [[limit of a function|limit]]

: <math> Q = \dot V = \lim\limits_{\Delta t \to 0} \frac{\Delta V}{\Delta t} = \frac{\mathrm d V}{\mathrm d t},</math>

that is, the flow of [[volume]] of fluid {{mvar|V}} through a surface per unit time {{mvar|t}}.

Since this is only the time derivative of volume, a scalar quantity, the volumetric flow rate is also a scalar quantity. The change in volume is the amount that flows ''after'' crossing the boundary for some time duration, not simply the initial amount of volume at the boundary minus the final amount at the boundary, since the change in volume flowing through the area would be zero for steady flow.

IUPAC<ref>International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; https://iupac.org</ref> prefers the notation <math>q_v</math><ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/V06642 | doi=10.1351/goldbook.V06642 | chapter=Volume flow rate, qv | title=The IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology | year=2014 }}</ref> and <math>q_m</math><ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03720 | doi=10.1351/goldbook.M03720 | chapter=Mass flow rate, qm | title=The IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology | year=2014 }}</ref> for volumetric flow and mass flow respectively, to distinguish from the notation <math>Q</math><ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/H02752 | doi=10.1351/goldbook.H02752 | chapter=Heat, q, Q | title=The IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology | year=2014 }}</ref> for heat.

==Alternative definition==
Volumetric flow rate can also be defined by
: <math>Q = \mathbf v \cdot \mathbf A,</math>
where
: {{math|'''v'''}} = [[flow velocity]],
: {{math|'''A'''}} = [[Cross section (geometry)|cross-sectional]] [[vector area]]/surface.

The above equation is only true for uniform or homogeneous flow velocity and a flat or planar cross section. In general, including spatially variable or non-homogeneous flow velocity and curved surfaces, the equation becomes a [[surface integral]]:
: <math>Q = \iint_A \mathbf v \cdot \mathrm d \mathbf A.</math>

This is the definition used in practice. The [[area]] required to calculate the volumetric flow rate is real or imaginary, flat or curved, either as a cross-sectional area or a surface. The [[vector area]] is a combination of the magnitude of the area through which the volume passes through, {{mvar|A}}, and a [[unit vector]] normal to the area, <math>\hat{\mathbf n}</math>. The relation is <math>\mathbf A = A\hat{\mathbf n}</math>.

===Derivation===
The reason for the [[dot product]] is as follows. The only volume flowing ''through'' the cross-section is the amount normal to the area, that is, [[parallel (geometry)|parallel]] to the unit normal. This amount is
: <math>Q = v A \cos\theta,</math>

where {{mvar|θ}} is the angle between the unit normal <math>\hat{\mathbf n}</math> and the velocity vector {{math|'''v'''}} of the substance elements. The amount passing through the cross-section is reduced by the factor {{math|cos ''θ''}}. As {{mvar|θ}} increases less volume passes through. Substance which passes tangential to the area, that is [[perpendicular]] to the unit normal, does not pass through the area. This occurs when {{math|''θ'' {{=}} {{sfrac|π|2}}}} and so this amount of the volumetric flow rate is zero:
: <math>Q = v A \cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right) = 0.</math>

These results are equivalent to the dot product between velocity and the normal direction to the area.

==Relationship with mass flow rate==
When the [[mass flow rate]] is known, and the density can be assumed constant, this is an easy way to get <math>Q</math>:
: <math>Q = \frac{\dot m}{\rho},</math>
where
: {{mvar|ṁ}} = [[mass flow rate]] (in kg/s),
: {{mvar|ρ}} = [[density]] (in kg/m3).

==Related quantities==
In internal combustion engines, the time area integral is considered over the range of valve opening. The time lift integral is given by

: <math>\int L \, \mathrm d \theta = \frac{RT}{2 \pi} (\cos\theta_2 - \cos\theta_1) + \frac{rT}{2 \pi} (\theta_2 - \theta_1),</math>

where {{mvar|T}} is the time per revolution, {{mvar|R}} is the distance from the camshaft centreline to the cam tip, {{mvar|r}} is the radius of the camshaft (that is, {{math|''R'' − ''r''}} is the maximum lift), {{math|''θ''1}} is the angle where opening begins, and {{math|''θ''2}} is where the valve closes (seconds, mm, radians). This has to be factored by the width (circumference) of the valve throat. The answer is usually related to the cylinder's swept volume.

==Some key examples==
* In [[cardiac physiology]]: the [[cardiac output]]
* In [[hydrology]]: [[discharge (hydrology)|discharge]]
** [[List of rivers by discharge]]
** [[List of waterfalls by flow rate]]
** [[Weir#Flow measurement|Weir § Flow measurement]]
* In [[dust collection system]]s: the [[air-to-cloth ratio]]

==See also==
*[[Bulk velocity]]
*[[Flow measurement]]
*[[Flowmeter]]
*[[Mass flow rate]]
*[[Orifice plate]]
*[[Poiseuille's law]]
*[[Stokes flow]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Rivers, streams and springs}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Fluid dynamics]]
[[Category:Temporal rates]]
[[Category:Mechanical quantities]]
[[Category:Volume]]

A Ranjith Cinema

2026-03-03T09:45:04Z

Jameshowlett179011: put up initial data added tags

{{Short description|2023 Indian psychological thriller film}}
{{Long plot|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = A Ranjith Cinema poster.jpeg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Nishanth Sattu
| writer = Nishanth Sattu
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Nishad Peechi
* Babu Joseph Ambatt
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]]
* [[Saiju Kurup]]
* [[Anson Paul]]
* [[Namitha Pramod]]
* [[Hannah Reji Koshy]]
* [[Jewel Mary]]
}}
| cinematography = {{Plainlist|
* Sunoj Velayudhan
* Kunjunni S. Kumar
}}
| editing = Manoj
| music = [[Midhun Asokan]]
| studio = Luminous Film Factory
| distributor = Jupiter Pictures Release
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|12|8|ref1=}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''A Ranjith Cinema''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[psychological thriller]] film written and directed by Nishanth Sattu and co-produced by Nishad Peechi and Babu Joseph Ambatt.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-06 |title=A Ranjith Cinema Movie Review: Asif Ali's Film Promises A Riveting Exploration Of Psychological Intricacies |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/malayalam/a-ranjith-cinema-movie-review-asif-alis-film-promises-a-riveting-exploration-of-psychological-intricacies-review-105786162 |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=TimesNow |language=en |archive-date=8 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208165912/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/malayalam/a-ranjith-cinema-movie-review-asif-alis-film-promises-a-riveting-exploration-of-psychological-intricacies-review-105786162 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=രഹസ്യങ്ങൾ ഒളിപ്പിച്ച് 'എ രഞ്ജിത്ത് സിനിമ'; ആസിഫ് അലിയുടെ പുതിയ ചിത്രം ടൈറ്റിൽ പോസ്റ്റര്‍ |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/movie-news/asif-ali-starrer-nishanth-sattu-directorial-a-ranjith-cinema-title-poster/articleshow/77865147.cms |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Samayam Malayalam |language=ml |archive-date=8 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208165910/https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/movie-news/asif-ali-starrer-nishanth-sattu-directorial-a-ranjith-cinema-title-poster/articleshow/77865147.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> It stars [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]] in the titular role with [[Saiju Kurup]], [[Namitha Pramod]] and [[Jewel Mary]] in other pivotal roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ഡെസ്ക് |first=വെബ് |date=2020-08-31 |title=രഹസ്യങ്ങൾ ഒളിപ്പിച്ച് 'എ രഞ്ജിത്ത് സിനിമ'; നായകൻ ആസിഫ് അലി |url=https://www.madhyamam.com/entertainment/movie-news/a-ranjith-cinema-starring-asif-ali-562032 |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=www.madhyamam.com |language=ml |archive-date=8 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208165910/https://www.madhyamam.com/entertainment/movie-news/a-ranjith-cinema-starring-asif-ali-562032 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was released on 8 December 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Arjun |date=2023-12-08 |title=A Ranjith Cinema review: Intense plot and decent storytelling make it a watchable psychological thriller |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/a-ranjith-cinema-movie-review/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=The South First |language=en-GB |archive-date=8 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208165910/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/a-ranjith-cinema-movie-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Plot ==
The movie is a story of the protagonist making a movie, and how the movie starts coming into his life.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Ranjith Cinema Movie Review: Asif Ali's Thriller Breaks New Ground With Unique Narrative|url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/reviews/a-ranjith-cinema-movie-review-asif-ali-thriller-breaks-new-ground-with-unique-narrative-review-105788639|website=zoom tv|access-date=8 December 2023|archive-date=8 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208165910/https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/reviews/a-ranjith-cinema-movie-review-asif-ali-thriller-breaks-new-ground-with-unique-narrative-review-105788639|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ranjith is an aspiring filmmaker working for a local TV channel for a program called ‘Taken’ where they make prank videos involving the public. In one such instance, he randomly saves Pournami, a college student, from a bunch of local youths harassing her since he was dressed as a police officer for his prank show. Sunny is a small-time businessman out for a meeting with his rich father-in-law Stephen to win the contract for a future project involving him. Stephen looks down upon Sunny since he is younger than his daughter Teena and thinks he married her and eloped only for her money. Sunny was rushing for the meeting in a bid to set his liabilities straight with the money and begin afresh but is trapped in a fake murder scenario by Ranjith's ‘Taken’ team, where they pretend to arrest Sunny on murder charges. Sunny gets late for the meeting as a result and loses the contract and is humiliated in public because of the show that aired showing him getting fooled. Enraged, he starts searching for Ranjith to get back at him. During the program Ranjith also accidentally hits and humiliates a public prosecutor who was passing by the area and got out of the car to enquire about the issue. The public prosecutor's colleague Vijay Antony is handling a high-profile harassment case where the main defendant was naming and shaming many well known people related to the case, causing them constant headaches.

Ranjith meets Pournami randomly soon after and both fall in love eventually. His mother who is a chronic asthmatic is worried of Ranjith not landing any straight jobs and wasting his time on TV programs. Once while filming Pournami with his handheld camera, he unknowingly shoots footage of Vijay getting murdered on top of a building. Her father, who is the public prosecutor who met Ranjith before, meets them once together and takes her away since he does not like their relationship. Soon after he meets a producer Shashankan to pitch his story on his latest movie set. Ranjith has based his script on his own life, casting Anson Paul and Hannah Reji Koshy as him and Pournami respectively while Kottayam Ramesh plays the role of Pournami's Dad. Whatever happened in his life with Pournami and Sunny is a part of his screenplay as well. He includes a portion where sunny barges into his office and breaks the office and their work vehicle in a fit of rage. In the story, Ranjith goes to meet Pournami after her father makes an issue, but she refuses to speak with him and walks away, only to be hit by a vehicle while crossing the road. He rushes with her to the hospital and is asked by the nurse to arrange some blood, but at the same time he receives a call from his mom, who is very sick and asking him to come soon to take her to hospital. Ranjith rushes home and brings his mother to the same hospital. After a while it is shown that a dead body is bought out by the hospital staff, but it is not shown who it is. When Sashankan asks the same, Ranjith reveals that he has only written this much of the story and is yet to decide how to conclude it. Shashankan asks him to come back quickly with a finished story so that they can move forward.

Once back from the film set, Ranjith is told by his boss Yousaf that Sunny barged into the office and bashed up the office and their vehicle, just like Ranjith had written in his film story. When things start acting out just like he has written in the story, including how Pournami's father comes to their house and threatens Ranjith's mother, he is horrified and consults a psychiatrist Chandraprakash, who assures him its just mere coincidence or random Esp and prescribes him some medicines. He also advises him to stay away from whatever circumstances mentioned in his story to prevent it from happening for real.

Sunny gets on a drinking spree and starts spiraling out of control. When some people murder Vijay Antony, they put his body inside Sunny's car boot when he was drinking in the nearby bar. When he gets arrested after making trouble, the police find the body inside the car and is arrested but is later let out when the CCTV in club premises confirmed his alibi. His wife Teena finally confronts him in his club and they both get into a fight, with Sunny slapping her and storming off. Ranjith discovers the murder footage in his camera and tries to inform Pournami's dad about it at the court, but he refuses to see Ranjith and gets him arrested for creating a nuisance. He is let go after Ranjith's mother and Yousuf pleads with ACP Dinesh Raj, much to Ranjith's horror who knows that it was Dinesh who murdered Vijay in the Video. He gives the video to his colleague on the channel. When he goes to meet Pournami, she walks away just like in his story and is hit by Teena's car when she is leaving the club. After taking her to hospital, he immediately goes home to check on his mother, but finds Dinesh Raj and his goons there. He has come in search of Ranjith since Ranjith's colleague aired the video on their channel exposing Dinesh and has credited the video to Ranjith. A fight ensues and he finally subdues everyone and takes his mother to hospital. Pournami and his mother survive, and he makes the movie with a happy ending. Sunny acts in the movie in his namesake role and finally patches up with his father-in-law who approves of his celebrity status now. After the movie release, Ranjith comes to meet Pournami as she is getting discharged.

== Cast ==
*[[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-23 |title=Asif Ali's 'A Ranjith Cinema' gets a release date |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/asif-alis-a-ranjith-cinema-gets-a-release-date/article67565256.ece |access-date=2023-12-08 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=8 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208170918/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/asif-alis-a-ranjith-cinema-gets-a-release-date/article67565256.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> as Ranjith Das
*[[Saiju Kurup]] as Sunny
*[[Namitha Pramod]] as Pournami
*[[Renji Panicker]] as Rajashekaran Menon,Pournami's father, a public prosecutor
*[[Jewel Mary]] as Teena, Sunny's wife
*[[Sabitha Anand]] as Latha, Ranjith's mother
*[[Krishna (Malayalam actor)|Krishna]] as ACP Dinesh Raj IPS
*[[Harisree Ashokan]] as Shashankan, Film Producer
*[[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as Stephen, Teena's father
*[[Anson Paul]] as himself
**Portrays the role of Ranjith in the semi-biographical film directed by the latter.
*[[Hannah Reji Koshy]] as herself
**Portrays the role of Pournnami in the film directed by Ranjith.
*Kottayam Ramesh as himself
**Portrays the role of Pournnami's father in the film directed by Ranjith
*[[Shobha Mohan]] as herself
**Portrays the role of Ranjith's mother in the film directed by Ranjith.
*[[Kalabhavan Navas]] as Yousaf, a senior producer at New Vision Channel and Ranjith's friend
*[[Aju Varghese]] as Murugan
*[[Balachandra Menon]] as Chandraprakash, a psychiatrist consulted by Ranjith
*[[Balachandran Chullikkad]] as Asst. Public Prosecutor Vijay Antony
*Poojappura Radhakrishnan as Babu, Public Prosecutor's Personal Assistant
*[[Jassie Gift]] as a car passenger who is asked for help by Ranjith.

==Release==
The film was released in theatres on 8 December 2023.<ref>{{cite news|title=A Ranjith Cinema|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-details/a-ranjith-cinema/movieshow/104153291.cms|website=Times of India|access-date=8 December 2023|archive-date=8 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208171412/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-details/a-ranjith-cinema/movieshow/104153291.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===

The film received negative reviews from critics.

Sanjith Sidhardhan of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "Though ''A Ranjith Cinema'' takes some time to find its footing, the makers deserve credit for attempting a movie that has enough interesting elements to keep the audience hooked."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidhardhan |first=Sanjith |date=8 December 2023 |title=A Ranjith Cinema review: Asif Ali's experimental film has enough to hook viewers |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/a-ranjith-cinema-review-this-experimental-asif-ali-starrer-stutters-at-first-but-has-enough-to-keep-you-intrigued/c3364982dd240 |access-date=9 December 2023 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=9 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209181757/https://www.ottplay.com/review/a-ranjith-cinema-review-this-experimental-asif-ali-starrer-stutters-at-first-but-has-enough-to-keep-you-intrigued/c3364982dd240 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|13004806}}

[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian psychological thriller films]]

Kshanikam

2026-03-03T09:41:52Z

Jameshowlett179011: Made First Details W/ Refs

{{Short description|2022 Malayalam film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image = Kshanikam poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Release poster
| director = Rajeev Rajendran
| writer = Deepthi Nair
| screenplay =
| story = Deepthi Nair
| starring = {{Ubl
| [[Jewel Mary]]
| [[Nandu (Malayalam actor)|Nandu]]
| Rupesh Raj
}}
| cinematography = Aravind Anil
| editing = Rakesh Asoka
| music = Samson Silva
| studio = R-Productions Filmy
| released = {{Film date|2022|5|6|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}'''''Kshanikam''''' is a 2022 Malayalam language film directed by Rajeev Rajendran and written by Deepthi Nair. The features [[Jewel Mary]], [[Nandu (Malayalam actor)|Nandu]] and Rupesh Raj in lead roles. The film is produced under the banner of R-Productions Filmy. The film was released on 6 May 2022.

== Cast ==

* [[Jewel Mary]]
* [[Nandu (Malayalam actor)|Nandu]]
* Rupesh Raj
* Meera Nair
* Harishankar

== Production ==
The first look poster of the film was released by the actor [[Mammootty]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-04 |title=കേന്ദ്ര കഥാപാത്രമായി ജുവല്‍ മേരി; ക്ഷണികത്തിന്റെ ഫസ്റ്റ് ലുക്ക് പോസ്റ്റര്‍ പുറത്ത് വിട്ട് മമ്മൂട്ടി |url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/movies-mammootty-releases-first-look-poster-of-movie-kshanikam-starring-jewel-mary-km-437169.html |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=News18 Malayalam |language=ml |archive-date=2023-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411182921/https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/movies-mammootty-releases-first-look-poster-of-movie-kshanikam-starring-jewel-mary-km-437169.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Jayasurya]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-04 |title=Jewel Mary Starrer ‘Kshanikam’ To Be a Feel-Good Melodrama; First Look Out |url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/news/jewel-mary-starrer-kshanikam-to-be-a-feel-good-melodrama-first-look-out/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=Silverscreen India |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411182921/https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/news/jewel-mary-starrer-kshanikam-to-be-a-feel-good-melodrama-first-look-out/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was shot in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] and [[Vagamon|Wagamon]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mathews |first=Anna |title=Jewel Mary: It was amazing to emote to Chithra chechi’s lullaby |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/jewel-mary-it-was-amazing-to-emote-to-chithra-chechis-lullaby/articleshow/86119515.cms |access-date=2023-04-11 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422235017/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/jewel-mary-it-was-amazing-to-emote-to-chithra-chechis-lullaby/articleshow/86119515.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Entire shooting was completed in December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ജുവല്‍ മേരി നായികയാകുന്ന ക്ഷണികം ചിത്രീകരണം പൂര്‍ത്തിയായി |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/movie-news/kshanikam-shooting-completed/articleshow/88373716.cms |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=Samayam Malayalam |language=ml |archive-date=2023-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411182922/https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/movie-news/kshanikam-shooting-completed/articleshow/88373716.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ക്ഷണികം ശ്രദ്ധനേടുന്നു; കയ്യടി നേടി ഛായാഗ്രാഹകനും |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2022/05/10/kshanikam-movie-malayalam.html |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml |archive-date=2023-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411184557/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2022/05/10/kshanikam-movie-malayalam.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==
Anna Mathews critic of ''[[Times of india]]'' gave 2.5 stars out of 5 and stated that "One of the problems with the movie, directed by Rajeev Rajendran. Kshanikam could have been a heartwarming film, but somewhere it misses out."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kshanikam Movie Review : A true life story mired in tragedy |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/kshanikam/movie-review/91568114.cms |access-date=2023-04-11 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413150903/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/kshanikam/movie-review/91568114.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|15347628}}

[[Category:2022 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]

Aanazhagan

2026-03-03T05:02:03Z

Jameshowlett179011: Refined content and updated sections

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Aanazhagan
| image = Aanazhagan.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Thiagarajan]]
| writer = Babu-Gopu (dialogues)
| screenplay = Thiagarajan
| story = P. Samba Siva Rao
| producer = S. Balaji
| starring = [[Prashanth]] Suneha [[Vadivelu]] [[Charle]] [[Chinni Jayanth]] [[K. R. Vijaya]]
| cinematography = V. Ranga
| editing = [[B. Lenin]] [[V. T. Vijayan]]
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = Supreme Films International
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1995|3|11|ref1=}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Aanazhagan''''' is a 1995 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by [[Thiagarajan]] and produced by S. Balaji. The film stars [[Prashanth]], newcomer Suneha, [[Vadivelu]], [[Charle]], and [[Chinni Jayanth]], while [[K. R. Vijaya]], [[Gandhimathi]], and [[Vaishnavi (Malayali actress)|Vaishnavi]] play supporting roles. It is a remake of the Telugu film ''[[Chitram Bhalare Vichitram]]'' (1992), which itself is based on Sailesh Dey's Bengali play ''Joymakali Boarding''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2019 |title='Avvai Shanmughi', 'Mayamohini' and others: How cinema misrepresents drag culture |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/avvai-shanmughi-mayamohini-and-others-how-cinema-misrepresents-drag-culture-104621 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916080201/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/avvai-shanmughi-mayamohini-and-others-how-cinema-misrepresents-drag-culture-104621 |archive-date=16 September 2022 |access-date=16 September 2022 |website=[[The News Minute]] |language=en}}</ref> The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]]. In the film, Prashanth disguises himself as a woman in order to convince the landlady.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vikram in 'Kanthaswamy' – Kamal Haasan to Vikram: Actors who aced the lady avatar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/kamal-haasan-to-vikram-actors-who-aced-the-lady-avatar/Vikram-in-Kanthaswamy/photostory/63908240.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220081106/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/kamal-haasan-to-vikram-actors-who-aced-the-lady-avatar/Vikram-in-Kanthaswamy/photostory/63908240.cms |archive-date=20 December 2018 |access-date=16 December 2018 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Raja, Sudhakar, Raghava and Marudhu are good friends who stay together as tenants at a rented house. After being thrown out, they start searching for a new house on rent, but no one is willing to give their house for bachelors. Finally, they come to know a landlady in search of a family as her tenants. A plot is hatched by, and all four bachelors dress up to be a family man (Sudhakar), his retarded brother (Raghava), his uncle (Marudhu), and his wife Lakshmi (Raja). Now, Raja's lady love Priya (Suneha) happens to be the landlady's daughter. At one point of time by mistake, the friends inform the landlady that Lakshmi is pregnant. The landlady arranges for [[Valaikaapu]] function, followed by a doctor checkup. This bursts into a series of rumbled conflicts, and all hell breaks loose.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Prashanth]] as Raja and Rajalakshmi alias Lucky
*Suneha (Debut) as Priya
*[[Vadivelu]] as Marudhu
*[[Charle]] as Sudhakar
*[[Chinni Jayanth]] as Raghava
*[[K. R. Vijaya]] as Landlady
*[[Gandhimathi]] as House Owner
*[[Vaishnavi (Malayali actress)|Vaishnavi]] as Doctor
*[[Manivannan]]
*[[Delhi Ganesh]]
*[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]]
*[[Loose Mohan]]
*[[Dhamu]]
*[[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]]
*[[Oru Viral Krishna Rao]]
*[[Kumarimuthu]] as Landlady's Servant
*[[Karuppu Subbiah]]
*[[Vellai Subbaiah]]
*[[Bayilvan Ranganathan]]
*[[Kazan Khan]]
}}

== Production ==
T. R. Rajendran was initially supposed to direct this film; since he fell down and got hit hard and he was in very busy schedule with four films, he was replaced by Thiagarajan.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=30 October 1994 |title=திரை உலகை காட்டும் வான வேடிக்கை! |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1994-10-30/kalki1994-10-30.pdf |access-date=24 August 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=92–95 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Prashanth appeared in drag role in ''Aanazhagan'' and noted the most daunting aspects of the role were the "waxing, the threading, the works" as well as "wearing a sari in summer, doing a bharatanatya sequence in a woman's costume, and getting the nuances and variations right were the other challenges", revealing his mother had assisted him.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2010 |title=How to train your drag |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/05/22/stories/2010052250330300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603001612/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/05/22/stories/2010052250330300.htm |archive-date=3 June 2010 |access-date=6 July 2012 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The actor was also involved in the production of the film.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=15 February 2002 |title=Young and mature at once |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/02/15/stories/2002021501180300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030704160813/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/02/15/stories/2002021501180300.htm |archive-date=4 July 2003 |access-date=6 July 2012 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The voice for Prashanth's female character Rajalakshmi was given by the famous dubbing artiste Durga Sundararajan.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} The film became the first project to have scenes shot in the newly created JJ Studios in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sitaraman |first=Sandya |date=23 March 1995 |title=Tamil Movie News--Tamil New Year edition |url=https://groups.google.com/g/soc.culture.tamil/c/ji-Dgf1DoZ8/m/bW8EKoZnnpYJ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824133740/https://groups.google.com/g/soc.culture.tamil/c/ji-Dgf1DoZ8/m/bW8EKoZnnpYJ |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=[[Google Groups]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]] and lyrics were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aanazhagan |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/aanazhagan/0ZSC2guftIE_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506045818/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/aanazhagan/0ZSC2guftIE_ |archive-date=6 May 2022 |access-date=16 September 2022 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aanazhagan / Chinnamani Tamil Audio CDs By Ilaiyaraaja |url=https://www.vintageav.shop/product/aanazhagan-chinnamani-tamil-audio-cds-by-ilaiyaraaja/ |access-date=27 February 2024 |website=VintageAV.shop |language=en-US |archive-date=27 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227143957/https://www.vintageav.shop/product/aanazhagan-chinnamani-tamil-audio-cds-by-ilaiyaraaja/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s)
|-
| "Aaacha Paatcha" || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
| "Arul Kann Paarvai" || K. S. Chithra
|-
| "Eley Matchi" || Mano
|-
| "Kanne Indru" ||Mano, [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
| "Konjum Pura" || [[S. Janaki]], Mano
|-
| "Nillatha Vennila" || [[Ilaiyaraaja]], Swarnalatha
|-
| "Poo Choodum" || [[Uma Ramanan]], [[Sunandha]]
|}

== Release ==
The film performed average at the box office.<ref name=":0" /> Soon after the film's release, Thiagarajan and Prashanth began working on another project titled ''Padagotti Babu'', which eventually did not develop.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sitaraman |first=Sandya |date=9 January 1996 |title=Tamil Movie News--1995 Review |url=https://groups.google.com/g/soc.culture.tamil/c/fwLpyN6aWTk/m/R4FfCjmQ3AsJ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719063625/https://groups.google.com/g/soc.culture.tamil/c/fwLpyN6aWTk/m/R4FfCjmQ3AsJ |archive-date=19 July 2021 |access-date=4 May 2021 |website=[[Google Groups]]}}</ref> Likewise, another production by his father during the period, ''Pulithevan'' co-starring [[Manisha Koirala]] and [[Sangita Madhavan Nair|Sangita]], was also stalled.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sitaraman |first=Sandya |date=29 March 1996 |title=Tamil Movie News--Pudhu Edition(Cont.) |url=https://groups.google.com/g/soc.culture.tamil/c/98PBC6XdMIc/m/PyyNQRkSHV0J |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919042913/https://groups.google.com/g/soc.culture.tamil/c/98PBC6XdMIc/m/PyyNQRkSHV0J |archive-date=19 September 2022 |access-date=4 May 2021 |website=[[Google Groups]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Joymakali Boarding}}
{{Thiagarajan}}

[[Category:1995 Indian films]]
[[Category:1995 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1995 comedy films]]
[[Category:1995 films]]
[[Category:Cross-dressing in Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about landlords]]
[[Category:Films based on Joymakali Boarding by Sadan Sarkar]]
[[Category:Films directed by Thiagarajan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Thiagarajan]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Jamui railway station

2026-03-01T13:03:10Z

Jameshowlett179011: slightly cleaned up page to improve readability additionally and fixed typos

{{Short description|Railway station in Jamui, Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox station
| name = JAMUI
| type = [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|150px]]
| image_caption = Indian Railways logo
| address = Malaypur, [[Jamui]], [[Jamui district|Jamui]], [[Bihar]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|25|4|22|N|86|10|23|E|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|81|m|ft}}
| line = [[Howrah–Delhi main line]] [[Asansol–Patna section]]
| other =
| structure = Standard (on-ground station)
| platform = 2
| tracks = 5
| parking = Available
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = '''JMU'''
| zone = [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Danapur}}
}}
| owned =
| operator =
| status = Functional
| former = East Indian Railway
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_type = India Bihar#India
| map_dot_label = '''Jamui''' railway station
| map_caption = Location in [[Bihar]]##Location in India
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map
| mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail}}
| route_map = {{Asansol–Patna section|inline=y}}
}}

'''Jamui railway station''', station code '''JMU''', serves the headquarters of [[Jamui district]] in the Indian state of [[Bihar]]. It is one of the major railway stations in Danapur division of [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]]. Jamui is connected to [[metropolitan area]]s of India, by the [[Howrah–Delhi main line|Delhi–Kolkata main line]] via Mugalsarai–Patna route which runs along the historic [[Grand Trunk Road]].<ref name=official>{{cite web|title=About District|url=http://jamui.bih.nic.in|publisher=Official District website|access-date=15 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818201023/http://jamui.bih.nic.in/|archive-date=18 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=brandbihar>{{cite web|title=Jamui |url=http://www.brandbihar.com/english/districts/Jamui/Jamui.html |work=Overview |publisher=BrandBihar |access-date=15 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012208/http://brandbihar.com/english/districts/jamui/jamui.html |archive-date=19 April 2012 }}</ref>

Railways and roads are the main means of transport in the Jamui region. Jamui railway station is in [[Howrah–Delhi main line|Howrah–Patna–Mughalsarai main line]]. Most of the Patna, Barauni-bound express trains coming from Howrah, Sealdah, Ranchi, Tatanagar stop here.<ref name=mishap>{{cite news|title=Violation of rly rules led to Jamui mishap|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Violation-of-rly-rules-led-to-Jamui-mishap/articleshow/1167333646.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201162116/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-08-19/india/27243202_1_goods-train-jamui-station-master|url-status=live|archive-date=1 December 2012|access-date=16 April 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 August 2001}}</ref>

== Facilities ==
The major facilities available are waiting rooms, computerized reservation facility, reservation counter, UTS Machine, ATM, Coach Indicator Board, vehicle parking.<ref name=computerized_list>{{cite web|title=List of Locations (Irrespective Of States) Where Computerized Reservation Facilities Are Available |url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/location_Alphabetically.html |publisher=Official website of the [[Indian Railways]] |access-date=18 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703033000/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/location_Alphabetically.html |archive-date= 3 July 2013 }}</ref> The vehicles are allowed to enter the station premises. The station also has STD/ISD/PCO telephone booth, toilets, tea stall and book stall.

There are two platforms here, which are Very Good in condition

== Trains ==
{{Howrah–Delhi main line|collapse=y}}
Many passenger and express trains serve Jamui Junction.<ref name=indiantrains>{{cite web|title=Jamui Junction Details |url=http://www.indiantrains.org/station-details/?code=JMU&name=JAMUI |publisher=indiantrains.org |access-date=1 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708235915/http://www.indiantrains.org/station-details/?code=JMU&name=JAMUI |archive-date= 8 July 2012 }}</ref><ref name=trainlist>{{cite web|title=Trains at Jamui Junction|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/departures/593|publisher=India Rail Info|access-date=1 April 2012}}</ref>

==Nearest airports==
The nearest airports to Jamui Station are:
#[[Deoghar Airport]], [[Deoghar]] {{Convert|56|km}}
#[[Birsa Munda Airport]], [[Ranchi]] {{Convert|235|km}}
#[[Gaya Airport]] {{Convert|151|km}}
#[[Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport]], [[Patna]] {{Convert|152|km}}
#[[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport]], [[Kolkata]] {{Convert|369|km}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/593 Jamui Junction Map]
* [http://jamui.nic.in/ Official website of the Jamui district]

{{Munger Division topics}}
{{Railway stations in Bihar}}
[[Category:Jamui]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Jamui district]]
[[Category:Danapur railway division]]


{{Bihar-railstation-stub}}

Zar Zari Zar Baksh

2026-02-24T07:52:34Z

Jameshowlett179011: added some details added tags

{{Short description|One of the earliest Sufis of the Chishti Order}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{coord|20|0|50.18|N|75|11|9.83|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}
[[File:Zar zari zar.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Zar Zari Zar Baksh Dargah [[Khuldabad]] 1890s]]
'''Zar Zari Zar Baksh''' (died 15 August 1309<ref name="w860">{{cite web | title=History of Medieval Deccan | first=H. K. | last=Sherwani | url=https://ia801501.us.archive.org/33/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.127053/2015.127053.History-Of-Medieval-Deccan-Vol-i-1295-1724_text.pdf | access-date=21 December 2025 | page=41}}</ref>), or Shah Muntajab ud din, was one of the earliest [[Sufi]]s of the [[Chishti Order]], the most dominant of all the Sufi orders in the [[Indian subcontinent]].{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} He was sent to the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] by [[Nizamuddin Auliya]] of Delhi in the beginning of the 14th century. With 700 disciples, Zar Zari Zar Baksh came to [[Aurangabad Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], and is said to have converted a Hindu princess near a well at [[Khuldabad]]. The place is now called the "''Sohan baoli''" or "pleasing well", and the princess is buried close to the saints grave in Khuldabad.

The tomb of Zar Zari Zar Baksh is between [[Malik Ambar]]'s tomb and the northern gate of the town. It contains a number of ornaments and relics, the most remarkable of which is a circular steel looking glass mounted on a steel pedestal of four feet in height. It is said to have been presented by King [[Abul Hasan Qutb Shah|Tana Shah]]. The ''[[dargah]]'' in Khuldabad attracts thousands of pilgrims each year for the [[Urs]] of the saint. He was the ''Qutub-e-Irshad'', or the highest of the five [[Qutb|Qutubs]] in the spiritual hierarchy of his time, He was a "Master of the Universe" according to [[Meher Baba]]'s map of consciousness.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lordmeher.org/rev/index.jsp?pageBase=page.jsp&nextPage=49|title=Lord Meher Online Edition Page 49|website=lordmeher.org}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Ganj Rawan Ganj Baksh]]
* [[Khuldabad]]
* [[Khwaja Zainuddin Shirazi]]
* [[Sayyid Burhan-ud-din]]
* [[Sufi Saints of Aurangabad]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
* Gazetter of Aurangabad – H. H. The Nizam's Government 1884. (Chapter VI page 395)

==External links==
* [http://www.aulia-e-hind.com/dargah/Khuladabad.htm aulia-e-hind] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091217035046/http://www.aulia-e-hind.com/dargah/Khuladabad.htm |date=17 December 2009 }}
* [http://www.lib.lfc.edu/collections/benton/data/research/Ellora/albums/zar_zari_zar/index.htm Zar Zari Zar Baksh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224144201/http://www.lib.lfc.edu/collections/benton/data/research/Ellora/albums/zar_zari_zar/index.htm |date=24 December 2009 }}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zar Zari Zar Baksh}}
[[Category:People from Aurangabad]]
[[Category:Chishtis]]
[[Category:Indian Sufi saints]]
[[Category:Ziyarat]]
[[Category:Students of Nizamuddin Auliya]]

Hombale Films

2026-02-10T12:34:14Z

Jameshowlett179011: correct article based on references and improved wording

{{short description|Indian film studio}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Hombale Films
| logo = Hombale Films Logo.png
| type = Privately held company
| industry = [[Entertainment]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2012}}
| founder = [[Vijay Kiragandur]]
| location_city = [[Bengaluru]], Karnataka
| key_people = {{ubl|[[Vijay Kiragandur]]|[[Chaluve Gowda]]}}
| products = [[Films]]
| subsid =
| divisions = {{bulletedlist|[[Filmmaking#Production|Production]]|[[Film distribution|Distribution]]|[[Music]]|[[Digital marketing]]}}
| location_country = India
| homepage = {{url|hombalefilms.com}}
}}

'''Hombale Films''' is an Indian [[film production]] and [[film distribution company]] based in [[Bengaluru]], India. Founded in the year 2012,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The rise and rise of Hombale Films |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/the-rise-and-rise-of-hombale-films-1021941.html |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> the company producing films across multiple languages, with a special focus on [[Kannada cinema]]. It is a production house in the Kannada film industry.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Hombale Films bags 4 National Awards including Best Film for 'Kantara' |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/hombale-films-bags-4-national-awards-including-best-film-for-kantara-3153034 |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> Over the years, the company has expanded its reach into other Indian languages, including Telugu and Malayalam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-21 |title=Hombale Films' Debut Tamil Film Raghu Thatha’s Audio Out |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/hombale-films-debut-tamil-film-raghu-thatha-s-audio-out-article-111901791 |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-11-09 |title=Prabhas signs three-film deal with Hombale Films |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Nov/09/prabhas-signs-three-film-deal-with-hombale-films |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=19 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119104258/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Nov/09/prabhas-signs-three-film-deal-with-hombale-films |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/hombale-films-bags-4-national-awards-including-best-film-for-kantara-3153034|title=Hombale Films bags 4 National Awards including Best Film for 'Kantara'|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=4 February 2025|archive-date=11 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911105414/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/hombale-films-bags-4-national-awards-including-best-film-for-kantara-3153034|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/regional/hombale-films-assembles-over-500-fighters-for-epic-war-sequence-in-kantara-chapter-1hombale-films-assembles-over-500-fighters-for-epic-war-sequence-in-kantara-chapter-1-2853446.html|title=Hombale Films Assembles Over 500 Fighters For Epic War Sequence In Kantara: Chapter 1|website=Zee News}}</ref>

== History ==
Hombale Films was founded in 2012 by [[Vijay Kiragandur]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-22 |title=Hombale Films' founder Vijay Kiragandur: We have submitted our application for Oscars for Kantara, have fingers crossed |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hombale-films-founder-vijay-kiragandur-we-have-submitted-our-application-for-oscars-for-rishab-shettys-kantara-have-fingers-crossed-11856831.html |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Producer Vijay Kiragandur Expresses Excitement Over Mahavatar Narsimha Teaser Response |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/web-series/producer-vijay-kiragandur-expresses-excitement-over-mahavatar-narsimha-teaser-response-2848719.html |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref> and [[Chaluve Gowda]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=The rise and rise of Hombale Films |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/the-rise-and-rise-of-hombale-films-1021941.html |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=16 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716172338/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/the-rise-and-rise-of-hombale-films-1021941.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news |date=2014-01-17 |title=Puneeth Rajkumar's Ninnindale sets new records |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/puneeth-rajkumars-ninnindale-sets-new-records/articleshow/28943913.cms |access-date=2025-02-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116143929/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/puneeth-rajkumars-ninnindale-sets-new-records/articleshow/28943913.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> both from [[Bangalore]]. Hombale Film's first production was the Kannada film ''[[Ninnindale]]'' in 2014,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/hombale-films-maiden-production-venture-ninnindale-starring-puneeth-rajkumar-turns-9/1ae334130e367|title=Hombale Films' maiden production venture 'Ninnindale', starring Puneeth Rajkumar, turns 9|website=OTTPlay|access-date=4 February 2025|archive-date=25 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425111617/https://www.ottplay.com/news/hombale-films-maiden-production-venture-ninnindale-starring-puneeth-rajkumar-turns-9/1ae334130e367|url-status=live}}</ref> starring [[Puneeth Rajkumar]].<ref name="auto"/> Their next film was ''[[Masterpiece (2015 film)|Masterpiece]]'', followed by a collaboration with [[Puneeth Rajkumar]], ''[[Raajakumara]]'' in 2017, which became the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films#Kannada|top grossing Kannada film]] at the time. It reportedly grossed more than {{INRConvert|75|c}} in the [[Karnataka]] box office.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/puneeth-rajkumar-sudeep-yash-darshan-salary-raajakumara-anjaniputra-kannada-stars-salary | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612214614/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/puneeth-rajkumar-sudeep-yash-darshan-salary-raajakumara-anjaniputra-kannada-stars-salary | archive-date=12 June 2018 | title=This man is the highly paid actor in Kannada film industry }}</ref>

Hombale Films' fourth film was ''[[K.G.F: Chapter 1]]'' directed by [[Prashanth Neel]] and released in five languages across India: Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Hindi. ''K.G.F: Chapter 1'' was the first Kannada film to gross {{INRConvert|200|c}} worldwide, earning more than {{INRConvert|250|c}}. As of 2019 it was the third-highest grossing film of Kannada cinema.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-kgf-chapter-2-box-office-collection-sanjay-dutt-farhan-akhtar-yash-starrer-106870|title=KGF: Chapter 2 - This Bollywood actor to boost box office collections of Yash starrer?|website=www.zeebiz.com|date=29 July 2019|access-date=30 January 2021|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030162909/https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-kgf-chapter-2-box-office-collection-sanjay-dutt-farhan-akhtar-yash-starrer-106870|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="kgf1">{{citation|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/yash-reveals-he-has-approached-sanjay-dutt-for-kgf-chapter-2-1452187-2019-02-09|title=Yash's film KGF: Chapter 1 made Rs 250 crore at the box office worldwide and became a magnum-opus. Now, the makers are busy with pre-production work of KGF: Chapter 2.|date=2019-02-09|work=indiatoday|access-date=30 January 2021|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327163005/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/yash-reveals-he-has-approached-sanjay-dutt-for-kgf-chapter-2-1452187-2019-02-09|url-status=live}}</ref>

Hombale Films' next film was ''[[Yuvarathnaa]]'' in 2021, which was their third collaboration with [[Puneeth Rajkumar]], and second collaboration with director Santhosh Ananddram. It was released on 1 April 2021 in Kannada and Telugu, and on [[Amazon Prime Video]] shortly after due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/puneet-rajkumars-next-titled-yuvarathna/articleshow/66460452.cms|title=Puneet Rajkumar's next titled 'Yuvarathna' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-11-03|archive-date=6 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106073511/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/puneet-rajkumars-next-titled-yuvarathna/articleshow/66460452.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Yuvarathnaa'' was Hombale Films first effort in music production, under the label Hombale Music.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/yuvarathnaa-kannada/UyHZQacXIfU_|title=Yuvarathnaa (Kannada) Songs Download - Kannada Songs Online @JioSaavn|date=2 December 2020|via=www.jiosaavn.com|access-date=4 February 2025|archive-date=25 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225215018/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/yuvarathnaa-kannada/UyHZQacXIfU_|url-status=live}}</ref>

Their next film was the sequel to ''[[K.G.F: Chapter 1]]'', ''[[K.G.F: Chapter 2]]''. It was released on 14 April 2022 and grossed more than {{INRConvert|1200|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/exclusive-blockbuster-kgf-makers-all-set-to-enter-bollywood-drb-rce003|title=Exclusive: Blockbuster KGF makers all set to enter Bollywood|website=Asianet Newsable|access-date=4 February 2025|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531145104/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/exclusive-blockbuster-kgf-makers-all-set-to-enter-bollywood-drb-rce003|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/sanjay-dutt-s-return-gift-to-fans-on-his-60th-birthday-kgf-chapter-2-first-look-as-adheera-1574667-2019-07-29|title=Sanjay Dutt's return gift to fans on his 60th birthday: KGF Chapter 2 first look as Adheera|newspaper=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-11-03|agency=Ist|archive-date=4 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904140928/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/sanjay-dutt-s-return-gift-to-fans-on-his-60th-birthday-kgf-chapter-2-first-look-as-adheera-1574667-2019-07-29|url-status=live}}</ref> It became the [[List of highest-grossing Kannada films|highest-grossing film of Kannada cinema]].
[[File:Vijay Kiragandur at the 70th NFA.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Droupadi Murmu|President Murmu]] gives Kiragandur the [[National Film Award]] in 2024]]

Their next film was ''[[Kantara (film)|Kantara]]'', was written, directed, and acted by [[Rishab Shetty]]. It was released on 30 September 2022 to positive reviews. Made for {{INRConvert|16|c}}, it grossed more than {{INRConvert|400|c}} worldwide. It became the second-highest grossing film of Kannada cinema,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/top-highest-grossing-films-at-the-indian-box-office-in-2022-kgf-chapter-2-tops-followed-by-rrr-and-avatar-2-1205238|title=Top highest grossing films at the Indian box office in 2022 - KGF Chapter 2 tops followed by RRR and Avatar 2|date=31 December 2022|website=PINKVILLA|access-date=4 February 2025|archive-date=31 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231054512/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/top-highest-grossing-films-at-the-indian-box-office-in-2022-kgf-chapter-2-tops-followed-by-rrr-and-avatar-2-1205238|url-status=live}}</ref> and sold more tickets than any other Kannada film, beating ''K.G.F: Chapter 2''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/brandwagon-indian-box-office-crosses-rs-4002-crore-between-jan-april-report-2546184/|title=Indian box office crosses Rs 4,002 crore between Jan-April: Report|date=2 June 2022}}</ref>

Following the massive success of the ''[[KGF (film series)|K.G.F]]'' franchise and ''[[Kantara (2022 film)|Kantara]]'', Hombale Films continued its expansion into other South Indian language markets with the Telugu-language epic action film, '''''[[Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire]]'''''. Released on December 22, 2023, the film reunited Hombale with director [[Prashanth Neel]] and starred [[Prabhas]] in the titular role, alongside [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]]. It was a major box office success, earning an estimated '''₹614–702 crore''' (US$74–84 million) worldwide, making it the '''highest-grossing Telugu film of 2023''' and one of the '''highest-grossing Indian films of all time.''' The production house also confirmed a continuing partnership with Prabhas, beginning with the announced sequel, '''''[[Salaar: Part 2 - Shouryaanga Parvam|Salaar: Part 2 – Shouryaanga Parvam]]'''''

== Filmography ==



{{Pending films key}}

===Production===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+ List of Hombale Films productions
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Director
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2014
|''[[Ninnindale]]''
| [[Jayanth C. Paranjee]]
| rowspan="8" | [[Kannada]]
|
|-
|2015
| [[Masterpiece (2015 film)|''Masterpiece'']]
| Manju Mandavya
|
|-
|2017
|''[[Raajakumara]]''
| [[Santhosh Ananddram]]
|
|-
|2018
| ''[[K.G.F: Chapter 1]]''
| [[Prashanth Neel]]
|
|-
|2021
| ''[[Yuvarathnaa]]''
| Santhosh Ananddram
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
| ''[[K.G.F: Chapter 2]]''
| Prashanth Neel
|
|-
| ''[[Kantara (film)|Kantara]]''
| [[Rishab Shetty]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2023
| ''[[Raghavendra Stores]]''
| Santhosh Ananddram
|
|-
| ''[[Dhoomam (2023 film)|''Dhoomam'']]''
| [[Pawan Kumar (director)|Pawan Kumar]]
| [[Malayalam]]
|
|-
| ''[[Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire]]''
| Prashanth Neel
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| Distribution in Karnataka
|-
| rowspan="3" |2024
|''[[Raghu Thatha]]''
| Suman Kumar
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|-
|''[[Yuva (2024 film)|Yuva]]''
| Santhosh Ananddram
| rowspan="4" | Kannada
|
|-
| ''[[Bagheera (2024 film)|Bagheera]]''
| Dr. Suri
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/hombale-films-releases-first-track-rudhira-dhaara-from-bagheera-starring-srii-murali-article-114326099|title=Hombale Films Releases First Track 'Rudhira Dhaara From 'Bagheera' Starring Srii Murali|date=17 October 2024|website=Times Now|access-date=4 February 2025|archive-date=19 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119193013/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/hombale-films-releases-first-track-rudhira-dhaara-from-bagheera-starring-srii-murali-article-114326099|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2025
| ''[[Kantara: Chapter 1]]''
| Rishab Shetty
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|TBA
| {{Pending film|Richard Antony: Lord of the Sea}}
| [[Rakshit Shetty]]
| Pre-production <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/rakshit-shettys-richard-anthony-muhurtha-to-take-up-yuvas-release-date/e277f0b2fc747|title=Rakshit Shetty's Richard Anthony muhurtha to take up Yuva's release date?|website=OTT Play|access-date=6 February 2024|archive-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922135622/https://www.ottplay.com/news/rakshit-shettys-richard-anthony-muhurtha-to-take-up-yuvas-release-date/e277f0b2fc747|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{pending film|Salaar: Part 2 – Shouryaanga Parvam}}
| Prashanth Neel
| Telugu
| Pre-production<ref>{{cite news |title=Has Prashanth Neel completed 40% of the shoot for 'Salaar 2'? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prashanth-neel-completes-40-shoot-for-salaar-2-reports/articleshow/106981919.cms |work=The Times of India |date=19 January 2024 |access-date=28 January 2024 |archive-date=25 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125123630/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prashanth-neel-completes-40-shoot-for-salaar-2-reports/articleshow/106981919.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-




|}

===Distribution===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+ List of films distributed by Hombale Films
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Director
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan="8" |2024
|''[[The Goat Life]]''
|[[Blessy]]
|Malayalam
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2024/Mar/25/hombale-films-to-distribute-blessys-aadujeevitham-in-karnataka|title=Hombale Films to distribute Blessy's 'Aadujeevitham' in Karnataka|first=Express News|last=Service|date=25 March 2024|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=4 February 2025|archive-date=9 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209183957/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2024/Mar/25/hombale-films-to-distribute-blessys-aadujeevitham-in-karnataka|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Romeo (2024 film)|Romeo]]''
| Vinayak Vaithianathan
| rowspan="2"| Tamil
|
|-
|''[[Boat (2024 film)|Boat]]''
|[[Chimbu Deven]]
|
|-
|''[[Prasanna Vadanam]]''
|Arjun Y. K
| rowspan="3" |Telugu
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/suhass-starrer-prasanna-vadanam-gets-the-backing-from-hombale-films/|title=Actor Suhas gets the backing from 'KGF' makers|date=25 April 2024|website=The South First|access-date=4 February 2025|archive-date=24 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524201557/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/suhass-starrer-prasanna-vadanam-gets-the-backing-from-hombale-films/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Utsavam (2024 film)|Utsavam]]''
|Arjun Sai
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Aug/13/utsavams-theatrical-rights-acquired-by-mythri-movie-makers|title=Utsavam’s theatrical rights acquired by Mythri Movie Makers|first=C. E.|last=Features|date=13 August 2024|website=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Aho Vikramaarka]]''
|Peta Trikoti
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C_NdJ9CpLQK/?igsh=MXY4NTB3OGpxcjYycQ==|title=Instagram|website=www.instagram.com}}</ref>
|-
|''[[ARM (film)|ARM]]''
|Jithin Laal
| rowspan="3" |Malayalam
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2024/Sep/05/hombale-films-to-distribute-arm-in-karnataka |title=Hombale Films to distribute ARM in Karnataka |first=C. E. |last=Features |date=5 September 2024 |website=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pani (film)|Pani]]''
|[[Joju George]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.samyuktavaani.com/the-joju-george-starrer-malayalam-film-pani-trailer-has-been-praised-everywhere/|title=ಜೋಜು ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಅಭಿನಯದ ಮಲಯಾಳಂ ಚಿತ್ರ ಪಣಿ ಚಿತ್ರದ ಟ್ರೇಲರ್ ಗೆ ಎಲ್ಲೆಡೆ ಬಾರಿ ಮೆಚ್ಚುಗೆ|first=D.|last=Kumaraswamy|date=28 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2025
|''[[L2: Empuraan]]''
|[[Prithviraj Sukumaran]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=2025-03-19 |title=Hombale Films to distribute L2: Empuraan in Karnataka |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Mar/19/hombale-films-to-distribute-l2-empuraan-in-karnataka |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Veera Chandrahasa]]''
|[[Ravi Basrur]]
|Kannada
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Anjanappa |first1=Bharath |title=Veera Chandrahasa Movie Review: Ravi Basrur’s Daring Yakshagana-Infused Epic Redefines Kannada Cinema |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/veera-chandrahasa-movie-review-ravi-basrurs-daring-yakshagana-infused-epic-redefines-kannada-cinema-963939 |work=www.thehansindia.com |date=18 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mahavatar Narsimha]]''
|Ashwin Kumar
|Hindi Kannada Tamil Telugu
|Also presenter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/hombale-films-announce-mahavatar-cinematic-universe-to-start-with-narasimha-in-july-2745976-2025-06-25|title=Hombale Films announce Mahavatar Cinematic Universe, to start with Narasimha in July|date=25 June 2025|website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mirai (2025 film)|Mirai]]''
|[[Karthik Gattamneni]]
|Telugu
|
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Official website|hombalefilms.com}}

{{Film studios in India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Film production companies based in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 2014]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2014]]

Arshad Madani

2026-02-05T03:08:52Z

Jameshowlett179011: minor cleanup

{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar (b. 1941)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Arshad Madani
| image = Maulana Syed Arshad Madani Official Fb page.jpg
| caption =
| honorific_prefix = Amirul Hind,<ref>{{Cite web |title=আমিরুল হিন্দ নির্বাচিত হলেন সাইয়্যেদ আরশাদ মাদানী |url=https://www.jugantor.com/international/438646/আমিরুল-হিন্দ-নির্বাচিত-হলেন-সাইয়্যেদ-আরশাদ-মাদানী |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=www.jugantor.com |language=en}}</ref> Maulana
| office1 = 1st President of [[List of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind people|Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind]] (A)
| term_start1 = 4 April 2008
| predecessor1 = ''office established''
| office2 = 12th Principal of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
| term_start2 = 14 October 2020
| predecessor2 = [[Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri]]
| office3 = 8th President of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind
| predecessor3 = [[Asad Madani]]
| successor3 = "office bifurcated" {{bulleted list|Arshad Madani, as the president of Arshad faction|[[Usman Mansoorpuri]], as the president of Mahmood faction}}
| term_start3 = 8 February 2006
| term_end3 = 6 March 2008<ref name="ht3" />
| module = {{Infobox religious biography
|embed = yes
|religion = Islam
|denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|birth_date = {{birth year and age|1941}}
|birth_place = [[Deoband]], [[United Provinces (1937–50)|United Provinces]], [[British India]]
|education =
|alma_mater = [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
|relatives= [[Asad Madani]] (elder brother) [[Asjad Madani]] (younger brother) [[Usman Mansoorpuri]] (brother-in-law) [[Mahmood Madani]] (nephew)
|occupation = Islamic scholar
|father = [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]]
}}
}}

'''Arshad Madani''' (born 1941) is an Indian Islamic scholar and the current Principal of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]. He succeeded [[Asad Madni]] as the eighth president of the [[Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind]].<ref name=JUH>[http://www.jamiatulamaihind.com/home.html Maulana Arshad Madani addresses an Eid gathering on jamiatulamaihind.com website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714071302/http://www.jamiatulamaihind.com/home.html |date=14 July 2017 }}, Published 12 March 2016, Retrieved 17 July 2017</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://newsd.in/its-cowardly-act-jamiat-condemns-it-pulwama-attack-in-strongest-possible-terms-maulana-arshad-madani/|title=Its cowardly act, Jamiat condemns it Pulwama attack in strongest possible terms: Maulana Arshad Madani|work=Newsd www.newsd.in|access-date=16 February 2019|language=en}}</ref> The organization split around 2008, and Madani continues to serve as the president of its Arshad faction.

== Early life and education ==
Arshad Madani was born in 1941 (1360 AH) to the fourth wife of [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]], whom he married after the demise of his third wife and the mother of [[Asad Madani]].<ref name="Tanweer">{{cite web|last=Sharifi|first=Tanweer Ahmad|url=https://www.banuri.edu.pk/bayyinat-detail/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%DB%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81%D8%A7-%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%81-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%81-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C|title=حضرت آپاجان رحمۃ اللہ علیہا زوجۂ محترمہ شیخ الاسلام حضرت مولانا سید حسین احمد مدنی|trans-title=Aapajan, wife of Ms. Shaykh al-Islam, Maulana Syed Hussain Ahmad Madani|date= September 2012|access-date=20 August 2023|publisher=Jamia Al Uloom Al Islamia|location= Allama Muhammad Yusuf Banuri Town, [[Karachi]]|language=ur}}</ref>

Madani began his education under Hussain Ahmad Madani's authorised disciple, Asghar Ali Sahaspuri, with whom he completed the [[Hafiz (Quran)|memorization of the Qur'an]] at the age of 8, after which he completed a 5-year course in Persian at [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]. Then he started his Arabic education in Darul Uloom Deoband in 1955<ref name="Asānīd">{{cite book |last1=Muzaffarnagari|first1=Muhammad Taslim Aarifi|last2=Saharanpuri|first2=Abdullah Sher Khan|title=أساتذة دار العلوم و أسانيدهم في الحديث|trans-title=Asanīd of Hadith teachers of Darul Uloom|url=https://archive.org/details/20240305_20240305_1203 |publisher=Maktaba al-Haramain|location= [[Deoband]]|pages= 40–43|date=2023|edition=1st|language=ur}}</ref> and completed the [[Darse Nizami]] in Darul Uloom Deoband in 1963 (1383 AH).<ref name="Diary">{{cite book |last1=Hardoi|first1=Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi |title=Darul Uloom Diary: Disciples of Fakhr al-Muhadditheen|publisher=Idara Paigham-e-Mahmud|location=Deoband |page=35|date=2017|language=ur}}</ref><ref name="Furqan">{{cite web |last=Benglori |first=Muhammad Farqan |date=6 July 2021 |title=5th Amir-ul-Hind Maulana Sayed Arshad Madani: Life and Services |url=https://mazameen.com/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AD/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121011840/https://mazameen.com/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AD/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=mazameen.com |language=ur}}</ref><ref name="qafla">{{cite book |last=Barni|first=Khalilur Rahman Qasmi|title=Qafla-e-Ilm o Kamāl|publisher=Idara-e-Ilmi Markaz|location=Bangalore|page=375|date=2016|language=ur}}</ref>

His Hadith teachers include [[Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad|Sayed Fakhruddin Ahmad]], [[Ibrahim Balyawi]], [[Fakhrul Hasan Moradabadi]], [[Naseer Ahmad Khan (scholar)|Naseer Ahmad Khan]], Zahoor Ahmad Deobandi, [[Mahdi Hasan Shahjahanpuri]], [[Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi|Muhammad Tayyab Qasmi]], and Abdul Ahad Deobandi.<ref name="Asānīd" /> His other teachers in Deoband include [[Izaz Ali Amrohi]], Jalil Ahmad Kairanawi, Akhtar Hussain Deobandi, and [[Wahiduzzaman Kairanawi]].<ref name="Asānīd" /> He is the authorized disciple of his elder brother [[Asad Madani]].<ref name="Jam‘iyyat">{{cite journal |editor1-last=Jami'i |editor1-first=Muhammad Salim |title=List of Asad Madani's authorized disciples|journal=Al-Jamiat Weekly|date=April 2007|volume=4|issue=11–12|page=578|publisher=Office of Jamiat Ulama e Hind|location= Madani Hall, 1–[[Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg]], [[New Delhi]]|language=ur}}</ref>

== Career ==
After graduating from Darul Uloom Deoband, Madani started his teaching career in Jamia Qasmia, [[Gaya (India)|Gaya]], in 1965<ref name="Khalīli">{{cite book|last=Qasmi|first=Muhammadullah Khalili|author-link=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi|title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Jami'-o-Mukhtasar Tareekh|publisher=Shaikhul Hind Academy|location=Deoband|pages=749, 752, 758, 764, 767|date=October 2020|edition=3rd|language=ur}}</ref> and did teaching services there for about one and a half years. At the beginning of 1967, he went on a pilgrimage to Madinah and stayed there for about fourteen months.<ref name="Furqan" />

On his return from [[Madina]], on the advice of his teacher, [[Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad]], in [[Shawwal]] 1389 AH (1969 AD), he became a teacher at [[Madrasa Shahi]], Moradabad, and stayed there for 14 years until 1403 AH (1983 AD). Apart from the secondary books, the teaching of hadith books like Mishkat al-Masabih, Sahih Muslim, and Muwatta Imam Malik were also assigned to him to teach.<ref name="Nida">{{cite journal |editor1-last=Qasmi |editor1-first=Muhammad Salim|editor2-last=Rashidi|editor2-first=Sayed Akhlad|editor3-last=Mansoorpuri|editor3-first=Muhammad Salman|title=Tareekh-e-Shahi Number|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/nida-e-shahi-shumarah-number-11-12-mohammad-salman-mansurpuri-magazines|journal=Monthly Nida-e-Shahi|date=November–December 1992|volume=4|issue=11–12|pages=508–509|publisher=[[Madrasa Shahi]]|location=[[Moradabad]]|language=ur}}</ref> On 21 [[Dhu al-Qadah]] 1391 AH, he was also made the convener of the Academic Council along with teaching. On 11 [[Jumada al-Ula]], 1393 AH, he was appointed the Deputy Chief of the Academic Council, and due to his efforts, the advisory committee in Madrasa Shahi approved the classification of Dars e Nizami in 1396 AH, and the educational standard of the madrassa increased. Similarly, on 14 [[Sha'ban]] 1396 AH, he was elected as a member of Madrasa Shahi's Appointment Committee.<ref name="Nida" />

Madani was appointed teacher at Darul Uloom Deoband in Dhu al-Qadah 1403 AH (1983 AD). He served as the Deputy Chief of Darul Uloom's Academic Council between 1987 and 1990 AD, and then as the Head of the Academic Council from 1996 to 2008.<ref name="Khalīli" /><ref name="Mausoo'ah">{{cite book |last1=Mubarakpuri |first1=Muhammad Arif Jameel |author-link=Arif Jameel Mubarakpuri |title=Mausoo'ah Ulama e Deoband |date=2021 |publisher=Shaikhul Hind Academy |edition=1st |location=Deoband |pages=31–32 |language=ar |trans-title=Encyclopedia of Deobandi scholars |chapter=47-Madani}}</ref>

In [[Safar]] 1442 AH (October 2020 AD), he succeeded [[Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri]] as the Principal (Head of the Teaching Faculty) at Darul Uloom Deoband by Darul Uloom's Advisory Committee.<ref name="Khalīli" /><ref>{{cite news |title=مہتمم دارالعلوم دیوبند مفتی ابو القاسم نعمانی شیخ الحدیث اور مولانا ارشد مدنی صدر المدرسین منتخب |trans-title=Abul Qasim Nomani, VC of Deoband appointed as Shaykh al-Hadīth, and Arshad Madani as the Principal of Darul Uloom Deoband|url=https://asrehazir.com/dbdnews-224/ |access-date=22 August 2023|work=AsreHazir|date=14 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="DUD">{{cite web|title=Meeting of Darul Uloom Deoband's Advisory Committee: Safar 1442 AH (October 2021)|url=https://darululoom-deoband.com/news/?p=1 |website=darululoom-deoband.com |access-date=22 August 2023|language=ur}}</ref>

Since 2012, he is a member of the [[World Muslim League]].<ref name="Dā'ī">{{cite journal |editor1-last=Amini|editor1-first=Noor Alam|editor1-link=Noor Alam Khalil Amini|title=فضيلة الشيخ السيد أرشد المدني أستاذ الحديث الشريف بالجامعة يُنْتَخب عضوًا في المجلس التأسيسي لرابطة العالم الإسلامي ويحضر دورته الحادية والأربعين المنعقدة في الفترة 27-28/رجب 1433هـ|trans-title= Sheikh Sayyid Arshad Madani, Professor of Hadith at the Darul Uloom, was elected as a member of the Founding Council of the Muslim World League and attended its forty-first session held in the period 27–28 Rajab 1433 AH. |url=https://darululoom-deoband.com/arabicarticles/archives/2591 |journal= [[Al-Daie]]|date=July–September 2012| volume=36 |issue=9–10 |pages=|publisher=[[Darul Uloom Deoband]]|location=Deoband|language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-18 |title=التقى معالي الأمين العام، رئيس هيئة علماء المسلمين، فضيلة الشيخ د. ⁧محمد العيسى⁩ في العاصمة الهندية نيودلهي، فضيلةَ رئيس جمعية علماء الهند الشيخ أرشد مدني، والوفدَ المرافق له – رابطة العالم الإسلامي |url=https://themwl.org/ar/node/39774 |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=themwl.org |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaikh Syed Arshad Madani |url=https://connect2dialogue.org/dkh_individual/shaikh-syed-arshad-madani/ |website=Connect2Dialogue|access-date=2024-03-20 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=Clarion |date=2023-10-15 |title=Effective Steps Needed to Stop Israel’s Aggression, Says Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind |url=https://clarionindia.net/effective-steps-needed-to-stop-israels-aggression-says-jamiat-ulama-i-hind/ |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=Clarion India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=Press Trust of |date=2023-10-15 |title=Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind slams Israeli attacks on Gaza |url=https://www.siasat.com/jamiat-ulema-e-hind-slams-israeli-attacks-on-gaza-2722606/ |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-18 |title=In New Delhi, His Excellency Sheikh Dr.Mohammad Al-Issa, the Secretary General of the MWL, Chairman of the Organization of Muslim Scholars, met with His Eminence Sheikh Arshad Madani, president of the Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind, and the accompanying delegation. – Muslim World League |url=https://themwl.org/en/node/39774 |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=themwl.org |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Arshad Madani Addresses the 2024 International Islamic Conference at Jamiatul Falah Ground, Chittagong.jpg|thumb|Arshad Madani Addresses the 2024 International Islamic Conference at the [[Jamiatul Falah Mosque|Jamiatul Falah]] Ground]]
=== Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind ===
{{More|Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind#Split into JUH-A and JUH-M|Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind#Administration}}
On February 8, 2006, Arshad Madani succeeded his brother [[Asad Madani]] following his death.<ref name="indiankanoon149461836">{{cite web |title=Jamiat Ulama-I-Hind & Anr. vs Maulana Mahmood Asad Madni & Anr. on 25 August, 2008 |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/149461836/ |website=IndianKanoon |access-date=27 August 2024|archive-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711061749/https://indiankanoon.org/doc/149461836/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2008, Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind split into two factions. Arshad was dismissed as president in 2006, after which he formed his own faction, claiming it as the legitimate Jamiat. The other faction was presided by [[Usman Mansoorpuri]].<ref name="etv">{{cite news |title='جمیعت علماء ہند' کے 100 برس مکمل |trans-title=Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind completes a century of existence |url=https://react.etvbharat.com/urdu/national/state/delhi/100-years-of-jamiat-ulema-hind-completed/na20191206181034458 |access-date=27 August 2024 |work=ETV Urdu |date=6 December 2019 |language=ur |archive-date=12 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712141415/https://react.etvbharat.com/urdu/national/state/delhi/100-years-of-jamiat-ulema-hind-completed/na20191206181034458 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ht3">{{cite news |title=Jamiat-Ulama-E-Hind splits |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/jamiat-ulama-e-hind-splits/story-IDjhcuJ53UvaREVOqr3wSM.html |access-date=27 August 2024|work=Hindustan Times |date=5 April 2008 |archive-date=14 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714122557/https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/jamiat-ulama-e-hind-splits/story-IDjhcuJ53UvaREVOqr3wSM.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=9 March 2021 |title=Arshad Madani elected President of Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind |url=https://www.therahnuma.com/arshad-madani-elected-president-of-jamiat-ulama-i-hind/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621191643/https://www.therahnuma.com/arshad-madani-elected-president-of-jamiat-ulama-i-hind/ |archive-date=21 June 2023 |access-date=27 August 2024|work=The Rahnuma|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Maulana Mahmood Madani elected interim chief of Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/maulana-mahmood-madani-elected-interim-chief-of-jamiat-ulemaehind/2091352 |access-date=23 July 2021 |work=Outlook India |date=27 August 2024|language=en}}</ref>

In mid-2022, reports indicated that the two factions of Jamiat were moving towards reconciliation and a potential merger. Mahmood Madani's faction showed willingness to work under Arshad Madani as Jamiat president. In a significant step towards unity, Arshad Madani attended Mahmood Madani's faction's general body meeting in [[Deoband]] on 28 May 2022, where he emphasized the need for the Jamiat to unite in order to amplify their collective voice.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pandit |first1=Ambika |title=Jamiat factions may 'merge soon' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jamiat-factions-may-merge-soon/articleshow/92375290.cms |access-date=27 August 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=22 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="merger-hindu">{{cite news |last1=Us Salam |first1=Zeya |title=Proposal green-lighted by Arshad Madani camp; nephew Mahmood's faction to take it up next Friday |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/fourteen-years-after-split-jamiat-factions-likely-to-merge/article65648222.ece |access-date=27 August 2024|work=The Hindu |date=16 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Salam |first=Ziya Us |date=2022-07-16 |title=Fourteen years after split, Jamiat factions likely to merge |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/fourteen-years-after-split-jamiat-factions-likely-to-merge/article65648222.ece |access-date=2024-08-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Political views ==
=== Opposition to partition and support for secularism ===
Madani has [[opposition to the partition of India|criticized the partition of India]] and espoused [[Hindu–Muslim unity]], stating: "Our elders from Hindu and Muslim communities went ahead on the path of unity and liberated the country from the slavery of the British, but unfortunately partition also took place. This partition has become a cause of destruction and ruin, not just for a particular community, but for both Hindus and Muslims."<ref>{{cite web |title=Partition was a loss for both Hindus and Muslims: Madani |url=https://www.awazthevoice.in/india-news/partition-was-a-loss-for-both-hindus-and-muslims-madani-14756.html |publisher=Awaz |access-date=18 August 2022 |language=en |date=18 August 2022}}</ref> He suggests that secularism is the only path to a cohesive and united India.<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-arshad-madni-of-jamiat-ulama-i-hind-says-owaisis-are-traitors-2053243 'Arshad Madani of Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind says Owaisis are traitors'], dnaindia.com newspaper website, Published 17 January 2015, Retrieved 17 July 2017</ref>

=== Views on Narendra Modi and 2002 Gujarat riots ===
In a February 2013 interview with ''[[India Today]]'', Madani said that [[Narendra Modi]] was not credible or trustworthy to the common Muslims of India. Muslim hostility to Modi is not softening recently at all as some circles in the Indian news media have suggested. He questions whether Indian Muslims can forgive Modi for his assertion that he initiated and condoned the [[2002 Gujarat riots]] and the ensuing [[violence against Muslims in India]], which Madani calls a mass murder of Muslims. [[Narendra Modi]] was the [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]] at that time.<ref name=indiatoday>[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/jamiat-ulema-e-hind-maulana-mahmood-madani-arshad-madani-narendra-modi-415342-2013-02-18 Indian TV interview of Maulana Arshad Madani on Headlines Today program], indiatoday website, Published 19 February 2013, Retrieved 17 July 2017</ref>

=== Remarks on interfaith parallels (Om and Allah) ===
On February 12, 2023, at [[Ramlila Maidan|Ramlila Ground]] in New Delhi, during a speech, Arshad Madani stated, "What Hindus worship as [[Om]], Muslims worship as [[Allah]]." He drew parallels between religious concepts, saying that [[Adam (Islam)|Adam]] in Islamic tradition is known as [[Manu (Hinduism)|Manu]] in Hinduism, and that both Om and Allah refer to the same divine entity. He explained that different languages and cultures have different names for the same God. The statement sparked controversy, with some religious leaders expressing opposition to his comparison.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Salam |first=Ziya Us |date=2023-02-12 |title=What Hindus worship as Om, Muslims worship as Allah: Jamiat chief |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/what-hindus-worship-as-om-muslims-worship-as-allah-jamiat-chief/article66501468.ece |access-date=2024-08-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dhar |first=Aniruddha |date=12 February 2023 |title=Muslim body chief's ‘Om and Allah’ remark sparks row; angry religious leaders leave stage |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/muslim-body-chief-syed-arshad-madani-om-and-allah-remark-sparks-row-angry-religious-leaders-leave-stage-101676192484013.html |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-12 |title=Jamiat chief Arshad Madani’s remarks on Om, Allah prompt walkout by other religious leaders |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/jamiat-arshad-madani-manu-worshipped-allah-8440726/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-14 |title=Row over Arshad Madani’s ‘Om and Allah’ comment: What is Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind, and its role in the freedom struggle |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-culture/arshad-madanis-om-and-allah-what-is-jamiat-ulama-i-hind-history-8445183/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dhar |first=Aniruddha |date=13 February 2023 |title=‘…In front of my eyes': Top Jain monk over Muslim body chief's ‘Om-Allah’ remark |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/-in-front-of-my-eyes-top-jain-monk-acharya-lokesh-muni-over-muslim-body-chief-madani-s-om-allah-remark-101676288978983.html |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

=== Statements on Palestine and Hamas ===
On November 5, 2023, Madani praised Hamas for their courage, calling them freedom fighters rather than terrorists. He argued that the Palestinian struggle, including Hamas's actions, is a legitimate fight against Israeli aggression and criticized the international community for applying double standards to Palestinian resistance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chitlangia |first=Risha |date=2023-11-05 |title=‘Freedom fighters, not terrorists’ — Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind chief lauds Hamas for 'courage & bravery' |url=https://theprint.in/india/freedom-fighters-not-terrorists-jamiat-ulama-i-hind-chief-lauds-hamas-for-courage-bravery/1833489/ |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Babri Masjid stance ===
In December 2023, Madani said that he had long maintained that the [[Babri Masjid]] was not built on the remains of any temple, and asserted that this position had been vindicated in the court proceedings. He stated that the court did not hold that a temple had been demolished to construct the mosque, and that the property was awarded to the Hindu side on the basis of religious belief rather than findings of demolition.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Piyush |date=8 December 2023 |title=We fought a long court battle for Babri Masjid in Ayodhya and in fact we won it: Maulana Arshad Madani |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/we-fought-a-long-court-battle-for-babri-masjid-in-ayodhya-and-in-fact-we-won-it-says-maulana-arshad-madani/cid/1985342 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Gyanvapi and Mathura comments ===
In February 2024, Madani claimed that the idols currently being worshipped at the [[Gyanvapi Mosque|Gyanvapi mosque]] complex were brought from outside and were not discovered during the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]'s survey. He questioned the legitimacy of the ASI's findings, arguing that if a temple had existed there before, idols would have already been present. Madani maintained that neither the Gyanvapi mosque nor the [[Mathura]] site had ever been temples, asserting that such claims conflict with Islamic beliefs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abhishek |first=Kumar |date=2024-02-02 |title=Idols brought from outside being worshipped at Gyanvapi: Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind chief |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jamiat-ulama-e-hind-chief-maulana-arshad-madani-idols-worshipped-hindu-gyanvapi-mosque-2496887-2024-02-02 |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2023 |title=Gyanvapi case: Muslim side to approach Supreme Court, says Arshad Madani |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/gyanvapi-case-muslim-side-to-approach-supreme-court-says-arshad-madani-573833/ |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=[[The Tribune (India)]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chitlangia |first=Risha |date=2023-12-20 |title=Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind head says will take Gyanvapi matter to SC — 'politics being done to please majority' |url=https://theprint.in/india/jamiat-ulama-i-hind-head-says-will-take-gyanvapi-matter-to-sc-political-please-majority/1894327/ |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2023 |title=उम्मीद थी किसी और मस्जिद का मसला नहीं उठेगा...काशी और मथुरा के मुद्दे पर क्या बोले मौलाना मदनी |trans-title=It was hoped that the issue of any other mosque would not be raised... What did Maulana Madani say on the issue of Kashi and Mathura |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/india/jamiat-chief-arshad-madani-mathura-gyanvapi-survey-worship-act/articleshow/106159220.cms |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>

=== Allegations concerning 'attacks on Islam' and Waqf Bill opposition ===
In August 2024, Madani alleged that unprecedented challenges were emerging in India, marked by repeated attacks on Islam. He criticized the [[BJP]] for trying and failing to divide Hindus and Muslims during the general elections. Madani also recalled that during [[Partition of India|Partition]], the [[Congress party]] had assured Muslim organizations that the [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] would uphold secularism and protect minorities. He expressed concern that this promise was now under direct threat, highlighting that the issue went beyond [[The Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2024|waqf matters]] to the broader constitutional guarantee of secularism and minority rights.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fatima |first=Heena |date=2024-08-23 |title=Naidu, Nitish assured they will oppose Waqf Bill, says AIMPLB chief. 'Nationwide stir if it's passed' |url=https://theprint.in/india/naidu-nitish-assured-they-will-oppose-waqf-bill-says-aimplb-chief-nationwide-stir-if-its-passed/2235078/ |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Appeals to political parties on Waqf Amendment Bill ===
Madani appealed to political parties like the [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]] and [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]] to consider the sentiments and welfare of Muslims regarding the proposed Waqf Amendment Bill. He expressed concern that this bill might make it easier to encroach on Waqf properties, including mosques and educational institutions, which are essential for the social and educational needs of the Muslim community. Madani stated that disregarding the sentiments of Muslims could potentially lead to a negative reaction.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 November 2024 |title=‘Consider Muslim sentiments’: Jamiat to TDP, JD(U) on Waqf (Amendment) Bill |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/consider-muslim-sentiments-jamiat-to-tdp-jd-u-on-waqf-amendment-bill-101730641099393.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106055658/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/consider-muslim-sentiments-jamiat-to-tdp-jd-u-on-waqf-amendment-bill-101730641099393.html |archive-date=6 November 2024 |access-date=6 November 2024 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2024 |title=Jamiat cautions TDP, JD(U), says even ‘crutches’ will not escape responsibility if Waqf bill passed |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/jamiat-maulana-arshad-madani-tdp-jdu-waqf-bill-9651860/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106060036/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/jamiat-maulana-arshad-madani-tdp-jdu-waqf-bill-9651860/ |archive-date=6 November 2024 |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Salam |first=Ziya Us |date=4 November 2024 |title=Jamiat cautions NDA partners, says ‘crutches’ cannot escape responsibility for Waqf Bill |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jamiat-cautions-nda-partners-says-crutches-cannot-escape-responsibility-for-waqf-bill/article68829502.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106060318/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jamiat-cautions-nda-partners-says-crutches-cannot-escape-responsibility-for-waqf-bill/article68829502.ece |archive-date=6 November 2024 |access-date=6 November 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Stance on 'bulldozer justice' ===
Madani, while commenting on the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]]'s decision against ''[[bulldozer justice]]'', stated that the court has confirmed everything the Jamiat had been saying. He said demolishing someone’s house with a bulldozer is not a punishment but a crime, and only the judiciary has the authority to determine legality, not the government. He also reiterated that punishment should not be meted out to the family members of someone who commits a crime.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Salam |first=Ziya Us |date=2024-11-13 |title=Supreme Court verdict on bulldozer demolitions: Jamiat hails verdict, victims seek compensation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bulldozer-victims-seek-compensation-even-as-jamiat-hails-supreme-court-verdict/article68864477.ece |access-date=2024-11-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharif |first=Marziya |date=2024-11-13 |title=Jamiat hails SC's 'Bulldozer' judgement, says it reinforces supremacy of law |url=https://www.siasat.com/jamiat-hails-scs-bulldozer-judgement-says-it-reinforces-supremacy-of-law-3131072/ |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=[[The Siasat Daily]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Opposition to Waqf (Amendment) Bill and related actions ===
In March 2025, Madani expressed opposition to the [[The Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2024|Waqf (Amendment) Bill]], arguing that it would impact Muslim rights and the autonomy of [[Waqf]] properties, which he described as ancestral endowments for community welfare. He stated that government involvement in these properties was unjustified and that if the bill were passed, Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind would challenge it in state high courts and, if necessary, in the Supreme Court. Supporting ongoing protests, he emphasized that peaceful demonstrations were a constitutional right and encouraged participation to raise concerns over the bill.<ref>{{cite news |title='Muslims forced to protest for their rights’: Jamiat opposes Waqf Bill |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/muslims-forced-to-protest-for-their-rights-jamiat-opposes-waqf-bill-101741521211499.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=9 March 2025 |access-date=10 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Muslims forced to take to streets to reclaim rights’: Jamiat backs protest against Waqf Bill |url=https://theprint.in/india/muslims-forced-to-take-to-the-streets-to-reclaim-rights-jamiat-backs-protest-against-waqf-bill/2540634/ |work=The Print |date=9 March 2025 |access-date=10 March 2025}}</ref>

=== PIL against film release (Udaipur Files) ===
In July 2025, Madani filed a [[Public interest litigation in India|public interest litigation]] (PIL) in the [[Delhi High Court]] seeking a stay on the release of the film ''[[Udaipur Files: Kanhaiya Lal Tailor Murder]]'', citing concerns that its content could promote communal disharmony and negatively portray a religious community. The petition also objected to references made in the film to ongoing sensitive legal matters, stating they could pose a threat to public order and social harmony. It further argued that the film violated constitutional rights under Articles 14, 15, and 21, and challenged its certification by the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] (CBFC). On July 10, 2025, the Delhi High Court granted an interim stay on the film's release and directed the petitioners to approach the Centre under Section 6 of the Cinematograph Act, 1952 to seek cancellation of the CBFC certificate. The court stated that the Government of India should decide the matter within a week, and that the stay would remain in effect in the meantime.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prakash |first=Satya |date=8 July 2025 |title=Udaipur Files: Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind moves Delhi HC to stop release of film on Kanhaiya Lal murder case |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/uttar-pradesh/udaipur-files-jamiat-ulama-i-hind-moves-delhi-hc-to-stop-release-of-film-on-kanhaiya-lal-murder-case/ |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-07-05 |title=Jamiat Ulema petitions Delhi HC against film on Kanhaiya Lal murder case |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/national/jamiat-ulema-petitions-delhi-hc-against-film-on-kanhaiya-lal-murder-case/ |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=[[Lokmat Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-08 |title=Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind seeks ban on ‘Udaipur Files’; Says trailer incites hate and fear |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/jamiat-ulama-i-hind-seeks-ban-on-udaipur-files-says-trailer-incites-hate-and-fear-pdgskclp |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kakkar |first=Shruti |date=2025-07-11 |title=HC stays release of ‘Udaipur Files’, asks Centre to take a call |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/hc-stays-release-of-udaipur-files-asks-centre-to-take-a-call-101720688099044.html |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Udaipur Files': Delhi HC stays release of film; urges petitioners seeking ban to approach Centre |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/udaipur-files-delhi-hc-stays-release-of-film-urges-petitioners-seeking-ban-to-approach-centre/articleshow/110144252.cms |website=The Times of India |date=2025-07-10 |access-date=2025-07-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Udaipur Files: Delhi HC Puts Stay On Film's Release |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/times-now/india/udaipur-files-delhi-hc-puts-stay-on-films-release-will-rajasthans-kanhaiyas-story-be-told-video-152262029 |website=Times Now |date=2025-07-11 |access-date=2025-07-11}}</ref>

=== Views on the Taliban ===
Madani has denied any institutional link between Darul Uloom Deoband and the [[Taliban]], stating that "99% of the Taliban have never even visited India" and that the seminary has no contact with the group.<ref name=NPR>{{cite news |last=Frayer |first=Lauren |date=8 September 2021 |title=The Taliban's Ideology Has Surprising Roots In British-Ruled India |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/09/08/1034754547/taliban-ideology-roots-deobandi-islam-india |work=[[NPR]] |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref> He has also observed that the Taliban sometimes invoke Deobandi history and ideas, while distancing the Indian Deobandi tradition from the version of Deobandi-influenced Islam that developed in Pakistan and Afghanistan.<ref name=NPR /> Madani has said he would be willing to travel to Afghanistan to urge the Taliban to act peacefully and justly if the Indian government requested it.<ref name=NPR />

=== 2025 statements and reactions ===
In November 2025, numerous Indian media outlets reported that Madani expressed concern about what he described as increasing discrimination against Muslims, citing recent investigative actions involving [[Al-Falah University]] and the legal troubles of politician [[Azam Khan (politician)|Azam Khan]] as examples of government pressure on the community.<ref>{{cite news |last=India Today Video Desk |title=Arshad Madani's Big Claim Sparks Political Storm |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/jamiat-chief-arshad-madani-alleges-witch-hunt-in-al-falah-probe-sparks-political-firestorm-ytvd-2824564-2025-11-23 |work=India Today |date=23 November 2025 |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=अल-फलाह यूनिवर्सिटी से आजम खान तक… मदनी बोले- सरकार कर रही मुसलमानों का दमन |trans-title=From Al-Falah University to Azam Khan… Madani says government is oppressing Muslims |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zeesalaam/muslim-news/juh-chief-arshad-madani-accuses-modi-govt-targeting-muslims-cites-azam-khan-and-al-falah-university/3014793 |publisher=Zee Salaam |date=22 November 2025 |access-date=24 November 2025 |language=hi}}</ref>

According to these reports, he contrasted the situation in India with the election of Muslim mayors abroad, mentioning [[Zohran Mamdani]] in [[New York City|New York]] and [[Sadiq Khan]] in [[London]], and argued that Muslims in India faced obstacles in achieving senior academic positions, stating that even those who rise to such roles risk imprisonment.<ref>{{cite news |last=Express Web Desk |title=BJP lashes out after Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind President claims discrimination of Muslims in India |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/arshad-madani-muslims-discrimination-india-congress-bjp-react-10381448/ |work=The Indian Express |date=23 November 2025 |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref><ref name="ht">{{cite news |title=On Jamiat chief's 'Indian Muslims' discrimination remark, BJP's strong response |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/on-jamiat-chief-maulana-arshad-madani-indian-muslims-discrimination-remark-bjps-strong-response-101763889584241.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=23 November 2025 |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref>

He also referred to the arrest of Al-Falah University founder Jawad Ahmed Siddiqui and the investigation linking several of its doctors to the [[2025 Delhi car explosion|Delhi blast]] case, describing the scrutiny of the institution as disproportionate.<ref>{{cite news |agency=PTI |title=Jamiat chief Madani's Al Falah remarks trigger row; BJP says 'save terrorist jamaat' active |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2025/11/23/del20-madani-row-bjp.html |work=The Week |date=23 November 2025 |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=‘Today, a Muslim Mamdani can become mayor of New York, whereas in India...’: Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind President; BJP slams remark|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/jamiat-ulema-e-hind-president-arshad-madani-says-muslim-discrimination-in-india-caqzh6q5 |work=Mathrubhumi |date=23 November 2025 |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref>

His comments prompted wide political reactions. Several Congress leaders, including [[Udit Raj]] and [[Sandeep Dikshit]], endorsed aspects of his remarks, arguing that marginalised groups face barriers in institutional appointments and that entire communities should not be targeted during investigations.<ref>{{cite news |agency=ANI |title="There's discrimination based on caste, religion": Udit Raj supports Madani |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/theres-discrimination-based-on-caste-religion-congresss-udit-raj-over-jamiat-chief-maulana-arshad-madanis-remarks20251123110811 |date=23 November 2025 |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref><ref name="ht" />

Leaders from the BJP and allied parties, including [[Mohsin Raza]], Shehzad Poonawalla, Yaser Jilani, [[Praveen Khandelwal]] and JD(U) spokesperson [[Neeraj Kumar Singh Bablu|Neeraj Kumar]], strongly rejected Madani’s claims. They argued that Muslims have historically held and continue to hold prominent offices in India, contending that his statements gave a communal interpretation to ongoing law-enforcement and financial-crime investigations involving Al-Falah University.<ref>{{cite news |agency=ANI |title="This is India, and its democracy is secure": JD(U) leader on Madani's remarks |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/this-is-india-and-its-democracy-is-secure-jdu-leader-neeraj-kumar-on-jamiat-ulama-i-hind-chiefs-statement20251123143549 |date=23 November 2025 |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Absolutely wrong: BJP’s Praveen Khandelwal, others flay Madani’s remarks |url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2025/11/23/absolutely-wrong-bjps-praveen-khandelwal-others-flay-maulana-madanis-remarks/ |work=The Shillong Times |date=23 November 2025 |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title="Govt is making sure Muslims never raise their heads": Jamiat chief on Al-Falah action |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/govt-is-making-sure-muslims-never-raise-their-heads-jamiat-chief-on-al-falah-action/videoshow/125517084.cms |work=The Times of India |date=23 November 2025 |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref>

==See more==
* [[List of Deobandis]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
*[https://www.arshadmadani.com/ Official website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madani, Arshad}}
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian Islamic religious leaders]]
[[Category:20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Deoband]]
[[Category:Principals of Darul Uloom Deoband]]
[[Category:Presidents of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind]]
[[Category:Members of the Majlis-e-Shura of Darul Uloom Deoband]]

Umakant Sharma

2026-01-31T22:29:37Z

Jameshowlett179011: added a biography and citations

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Sironj Assembly constituency|Sironj]]
| term_start = 2018
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Govardhan Upadhyay]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Umakant Sharma''' is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He is a two time [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]], representing [[Sironj Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sironj Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Sironj Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-election/sironj-constituency/ |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sironj assembly election results 2023: Sironj Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/madhya-pradesh/sironj-assembly-result-12147 |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Umakant}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Muhammad Shafi

2026-01-27T14:26:54Z

Jameshowlett179011: started basic entry initial version

{{Short description|Sunni Deobandi Islamic scholar (1897–1976)}}
{{Other uses|Muhammad Shafi (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| religion = [[Islam]]
| honorific_prefix = [[Mufti]]
| name = Muhammad Shafi
| image = Mufti Muhammad Shafi (Usmani).jpg
| birth_date = 24 January 1897
| birth_place = [[Deoband]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1976|10|6|1897|01|24}}
| death_place = [[Karachi, Sindh]], Pakistan
| nationality = {{plainlist|
* [[British Indian]] (1897–1947)
* Indian (1947–1948)
* Pakistani (1948–1976)
}}
| era = Modern
| denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
| jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]]
| creed = [[Maturidi]]
| movement = [[Deobandi]]
| alma_mater = [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
| Sufi_order = [[Chishti]] ([[Haji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki|Sabiri-Imdadi]])
| disciple_of = [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]] [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]]
| main_interests = [[Tafsir]]
| notable_works = ''Ma'ariful Qur'an'', ''[[Seerat Khatam al-Anbiya]]''
| influences = [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]] [[Habibur Rahman Usmani]] [[Anwar Shah Kashmiri]] [[Shabbir Ahmad Usmani]] [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]] [[Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani]] [[Mian Asghar Hussain Deobandi]] [[Izaz Ali Amrohi]] [[Ibrahim Balyawi]]
| influenced = [[Taqi Usmani]] [[Rafi Usmani]]
| students = [[Abul Hasan Jashori]] [[Hafez Ahmadullah]] [[Muhammad Abdullah Ghazi]]
| office1 = 1st President of [[Darul Uloom Karachi]]
| term1 = 1951 – 6 October 1976
| predecessor1 = Position established
| successor1 = [[Abdul Hai Arifi]]
| office2 = 4th Head Mufti of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
| term2 = {{circa}} 13 August 1931 – {{circa}} November 1935
| predecessor2 = Riyazudin Bijnori
| successor2 = [[Muhammad Sahool Bhagalpuri]]
| office3 = 7th Head Mufti of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
| term3 = c. 4 April 1940 – c. 23 March 1943
| predecessor3 = Kifayatullah Gangohi
| successor3 = Farooq Ahmad
| native_name = مفتی محمد شفیع
| children = [[Rafi Usmani]], [[Taqi Usmani]]
}}
{{Deobandi}}
'''Muhammad Shafi''' (24 January 1897 – 6 October 1976), often referred to as '''Mufti Muhammad Shafi''', was a [[Pakistani]] [[Sunni]] [[Islamic scholar]] of the [[Deobandi movement|Deobandi school]], a [[Hanafi]] jurist and [[mufti]], he was also an authority on [[shari'ah]], [[hadith]], [[Qur'an]]ic exegesis, and [[Sufism]].<ref name=":0">{{TDV Encyclopedia of Islam|article=MUHAMMED ŞEFÎ‘ DİYÛBENDÎ|url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/muhammed-sefi-diyubendi}}</ref> Born in [[Deoband]], [[British India]], he graduated in 1917 from [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], where he later taught hadith and held the post of Head mufti. He resigned in 1943 to devote his time to the [[Pakistan Movement]]. After the [[Partition of India|independence]] he moved to Pakistan, where he established [[Darul Uloom Karachi]] in 1951. Of his written works, his best-known is ''Ma'ariful Qur'an'', an Urdu commentary on the [[Qur'an]].

==Birth and early childhood==
{{See also|Usmani family of Deoband#Miyānji Shukrullah}}
Muhammad Shafi, son of Muhammad Yasin, was born on 24 January 1897 (20 Sha'ban 1314 [[Hijri year|AH]]) in [[Deoband]], [[British India]], to an [[Usmani family of Deoband|Usmani]] family.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=taqi>{{cite web|author=Muhammad Taqi Usmani|title=Shaykh Muhammad Shafi': The Mufti of Pakistan|url=http://www.deoband.org/2011/12/history/biographies-of-scholars/shaykh-muhammad-shafi%E2%80%98-the-mufti-of-pakistan/|publisher=Deoband.org|date=4 December 2011|orig-year=Originally written March 1964}} Translated by Zameelur Rahman from introduction to {{cite book|title=احكام القرآن / Aḥkām al-Qur'ān|volume=3|pages=1–19|language=ar|publisher=ادارة القرآن والعلوم الاسلامية / Idārat al-Qur’ān wa-al-‘Ulūm al-Islāmīyah|location=Karachi|author1=Zafar Ahmad Usmani|author2=Jamil Ahmad Thanawi|author3=Muhammad Shafi Deobandi|author4=Muhammad Idris Kandhlawi|year=2008|orig-year=First published 1987}}</ref><ref name=rafi>{{cite book|title=حیات مفتی اعظم / Ḥayāt-i Muftī-yi A'ẓam|author=Rafi Usmani|date=May 2005|orig-year=First published 1994|publisher=ادارة المعارف / Idāratul-Ma‘ārif|location=Karachi|language=ur}}</ref> He was given the name "Muhammad Shafi" by his father's sheikh, [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi]], though he was originally named "Muhammad Mubin" by his grandfather, Khalifah Tahsin Ali.<ref name=rafi/><ref name=rizvi>{{cite book|title=History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband|volume=2|year=1981|publisher=Idara-e Ihtemam, Dar al-Ulum|location=Deoband, India|author=Sayyid Mahbub Rizvi|author-link=Syed Mehboob Rizwi|others=Translated by Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi}}</ref><ref name=interview>{{cite interview|subject=Muhammad Shafi Deobandi|date=c. 1973|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JA86vFqX8f4 |title=Rare interview on YouTube: Mufti Shafi Usmani talks about his life (1973 interview in Urdu language with captions in English)}}</ref> Shafi grew up in a religious environment. As a child he played in the courtyard of Darul Uloom Deoband and sat in the company of his father, who was a teacher at the school.<ref name=interview/>

==Education==
Aged five, Shafi began memorizing the Qur'an with Muhammad Azim and Namdar Khan at the Darul Uloom.<ref name=rafi/><ref name=interview/><ref name=shafi>

{{cite book|title=معارف القرآن / Ma'āriful-Qur'ān|volume=1|pages=59–71|chapter=تمہید / Tamhīd|trans-chapter=Introduction|author=Muhammad Shafi Deobandi|language=ur|publisher=Idāratul-Ma‘ārif|location=Karachi|date=April 2008|orig-year=Cited chapter written October 1972}}

</ref> In 1907 or 1908 (1325 AH), he commenced the study of Urdu, Persian, mathematics and other subjects at Darul Uloom Deoband, which he completed within the next five years under the supervision of his father.<ref name=taqi/><ref name=rafi/>

He studied arithmetic and [[Euclid]] from his uncle Munshi Manzur Ahmad and Quranic recitation from Muhammad Yusuf Miruthi. Along with teaching Shafi the Persian books, Maulana Yasin also instructed him in the elementary [[Arabic]] books of ''sarf'' (morphology), ''nahw'' (grammar), and ''[[fiqh]]'' (jurisprudence), up to ''Fusul-i Akbari'', ''Hidayat an-Nahw'', and ''Munyat al-Musalli''.<ref name=rafi/>

In 1330 AH (1912)<ref name=rafi/><ref name=interview/> or 1331 AH (1913)<ref name=shafi/> Shafi was formally enrolled in the upper level Arabic classes of Darul Uloom Deoband. He did Daurah Hadith in 1335 AH (1916/1917) under the supervision of Anwar Shah Kashmiri, and completed his education in 1336 AH (1917/1918).<ref name=rafi/><ref name=rizvi/><ref name=shafi/> The teachers under whom Shafi formally studied included:<ref name=rafi/><ref name=interview/><ref name=shafi/>

*[[Anwar Shah Kashmiri]]
*[[Shabbir Ahmad Usmani]]
*[[Azizur Rahman Usmani]]
*[[Mian Asghar Hussain Deobandi]]
*[[Izaz Ali Amrohi]]
*Muhammad Rasul Khan
*[[Ibrahim Balyawi|Muhammad Ibrahim Balliyawi]]
*Ghulam Rasul Hazarwi
*[[Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad]]

Among his teachers was [[Anwar Shah Kashmiri]], who was the school's head teacher. Some of the books Shafi studied with him were ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]'', ''[[Sahih al-Tirmidhi]]'' (with the exception of a small part), [[at-Tirmidhi]]'s ''[[Shama'il Muhammadiyah|Shama'il]]'' and '''Ilal'', ''al-Falsafah al-'Arabiyah'' on modern philosophy, and ''Sharh an-Nafisi'' on medicine (''tibb''). Shafi was among Kashmiri's closest students, and Kashmiri would later select Shafi for assistance in refuting the [[Ahmadiyya Movement]]. Shafi studied ''[[Sahih Muslim]]'' and half of ''[[al-Hidayah (book)|Hidayah]]'' with Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, whom he would later accompany in the movement to create Pakistan. With [[Mian Asghar Hussain Deobandi]] he studied the hadith collections ''[[Sunan Abu Dawud]]'', ''[[Sunan an-Nasa'i]]'', and the remainder of ''Sahih al-Tirmidhi''. With Azizur Rahman, head of the Darul Uloom's [[Fatwa]] Department, Shafi studied the [[Muwatta Imam Malik|Muwatta]] of [[Imam Malik]] in the transmission of [[Yahya al-Laithi|Yahya ibn Yahya]] and the transmission of [[Muhammad al-Shaybani|ash-Shaybani]], [[at-Tahawi]]'s ''Sharh Ma'ani al-Athar'', ''[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]'', ''[[Mishkat al-Masabih]]'', [[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani|Ibn Hajar]]'s ''Sharh Nukhbat al-Fikar'', and ''Hisn-i Hasin''. He studied ''Sunan Ibn Majah'' with Ghulam Rasul Hazarwi. With [[Izaz Ali Amrohi]] he studied all the books of literature, [[Maibazi]]'s ''Sharh Hidayat al-Hikmah'', [[at-Taftazani]]'s ''Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyah'', Ubayd Allah al-Mahbubi's ''Sharh al-Wiqayah'', and some other treatises. With Maulana Muhammad Ibrahim he studied ''[[Mulla Sadra|Sadra]]'' and ''[[Shams al-Bazighah]]''.<ref name=taqi/><ref name=rafi/>

After Daurah a few books still remained, including ''Qazi'', ''Mir Zahid'', and ''Umur-i 'Ammah''—these were completed in 1336 AH (1917/1918).<ref name=rafi/><ref name=shafi/> In that year Shafi was also appointed to teach some lessons.<ref name=taqi/><ref name=rafi/><ref name=shafi/>

==Career==
Shafi began teaching at Darul Uloom Deoband in 1918 or 1919 (1337 AH).<ref name=rizvi/><ref name=shafi/> He taught the elementary level books of the curriculum and eventually reached the level of Daurah Hadith.<ref name=rafi/><ref name=rizvi/> The first book of Daurah level that he was given was ''[[Muwatta Imam Malik]]'', and he later taught other books. In 1354 AH (1935/1936) he was entrusted with teaching ''[[Sunan Abu Dawud]]'' for some time in place of Maulana Asghar Husain. On Husain's request he was given this lecture permanently, and he taught it until he left Darul Uloom Deoband in 1943 (1362 AH). Shafi was regarded as an exceptional lecturer on many subjects, but two of his lessons were most famous—one was ''Sunan Abu Dawud'', and the other was ''Maqamat al-Hariri'' in Arabic literature.<ref name=rafi/> After leaving Darul Uloom Deoband, he taught ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]'' for three months at [[Jamiah Islamiyah Dabhel]], filling in for [[Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani]].<ref name=rafi/>

Shafi established [[Darul Uloom Karachi]] in 1951 (Shawwal 1370 AH). There he taught ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' for several years, as well as ''Muwatta Malik'' and ''[[Shama'il at-Tirmidhi]]''. Whenever due to health or other responsibilities he was unable to teach the whole of ''Bukhari'', then those years he would teach until the Book of Wudu, and other teachers would cover the remainder. In the last four years of his life, he was bedridden and thus unable to teach regularly. However, on the insistence of students and teachers, every year he taught the first lesson of ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' and the last lessons of the [[Sihah Sittah]].<ref name=rafi/>

==Fatwa, Rulings ==
Shafi frequently assisted [[Azizur Rahman Usmani]], head of the school's [[fatwa]] department.<ref name=taqi/> Azizur Rahman resigned from the Darul Uloom in 1344 AH (1925/1926). Others occupied the post of Sadr Mufti (Chief Mufti) until the Majlis-e-Shura of Darul Uloom Deoband appointed Shafi to the post on 28 Rabi al-Awwal 1350 AH (c. 13 August 1931).<ref name=rafi/><ref name=rizvi/>{{#tag:ref|Mufti Muhammad Shafi writes in the introduction to ''Ma'ariful Qur'an'' that he occupied the post from 1349 AH.<ref name=shafi/>|group="note"}} In additions to undertaking the duties of fatwa-writing, Shafi also continued to teach some books of hadith and tafsir.<ref name=shafi/>

In November 1932 (Rajab 1351), Shafi published a tract entitled ''Nihayat al-arab fi ghayat an-nasab'' on [[Caste system among Muslims#In South Asia|caste]]. The weavers of the Deoband area (who were regarded as a lower caste) revolted against the fatwa, and from early 1353 AH (1934/1935) to late 1354 AH (1935/1936) rallies were held and threats were made against Shafi, in response to which a group of teachers took to acting as his bodyguards. Several scholars wrote or spoke in defense of the fatwa, including Shafi's shaikh Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Sayyid Asghar Husain, and Husain Ahmad Madani. Due to the controversy, Shafi asked to be transferred to the teaching department, a request that was eventually granted by the Majlis-e-Shura in Sha'ban 1354 AH (c. November 1935).<ref name=rafi/><ref name=rizvi/><ref>{{cite book|last=Buehler|first=Arthur F.|title=Sayyids and Sharifs in Muslim Societies: The Living Links to the Prophet|editor-last=Morimoto|editor-first=Kazuo|year=2012|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=9780203123157|page=239|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5VnmEMh0MF4C&pg=PA239|chapter=Trends of ashrāfization in India}}</ref>

Shafi remained in the teaching department over the next few years, during which two other ulama held the post of Sadr Mufti. On 25 Safar 1359 AH (c. 4 April 1940), Shafi was appointed to the office a second time.<ref name=rafi/><ref name=rizvi/> He held the post until he left Darul Uloom Deoband in Rabi al-Awwal 1362 AH (March 1943).<ref name=taqi/><ref name=rafi/>{{#tag:ref|[[Syed Mehboob Rizwi]] writes that Shafi occupied the post until 1361 AH (1942).<ref name=rizvi/>|group="note"}}

Estimates of the number of fatwas that he issued while at Darul Uloom Deoband range from 26,000<ref name=rizvi/> to over 40,000. Some of Muhammad Shafi's fatwas have been published in eight large volumes titled ''Imdad al-Muftin'', while the majority remain unpublished.<ref name=taqi/>

==Tasawuf==
From an early age, Shafi frequently attended the gatherings of [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]]. Then when Mahmud Hasan was [[Malta exiles|imprisoned in Malta]], Shafi consulted [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]]. Mahmud Hasan returned to Deoband in June 1920 (20 Ramadan 1338 AH). In 1339 AH (1920) Shafi gave ''bay'at'' (allegiance) at his hand. However, Mahmud Hasan died a few months later on 18 Rabi al-awwal AH (November 1920). Shafi returned to Thanawi after Mahmud Hasan's death. In Rabi ath-thani 1349 AH (1930) he received ''ijazat-i bay'at'' (permission to take disciples) and ''khilafah'' (spiritual successorship).<ref name=taqi/><ref name=rafi/>

==Pakistan Movement==
When the [[All-India Muslim League]] was formed to campaign for the creation of a separate Muslim state, Ashraf Ali Thanvi instructed all Muslims, including scholars, to support this campaign. Shafi and other scholars, including Zafar Ahmad Usmani, joined the [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam]], a council of Islamic scholars formed by [[Shabbir Ahmad Usmani]] to campaign for the creation of Pakistan. In 1363 AH (1944) Muhammad Shafi resigned from teaching and issuing fatwas at Darul Uloom Deoband in order to devote his time to the movement for the creation of Pakistan. He toured India, gave speeches, and issued ''fatwas'' for this purpose.<ref name=taqi/>

==Migration to Pakistan==
In 1948 (1367 AH), after the [[partition of India]], Shafi migrated from Deoband to Pakistan. He founded [[Darul Uloom Karachi]] in 1370 AH (1950/1951). He died on 10 Shawwal 1396 (6 October 1976).<ref name=taqi/>

== Life in Pakistan ==
He remarked that the various educational systems that came into being under the British rule – traditional Madrasahs, spearheaded by Deoband, and modern schools, spearheaded by Aligarh – should be integrated thus balancing the religious and worldly dimensions of knowledge and nurturing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://musingsofamuslimdoctor.wordpress.com/2018/11/22/asia-bibi-case-pakistanis-need-to-bridge-the-mister-mulla-divide/|title=Asia Bibi case: Pakistanis need to bridge the 'mister-mulla' divide|last=Talhah|first=Sayyid|date=2018-11-22|website=Musings of a Muslim Doctor|language=en|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref>

He avoided disputes at all costs and on occasion, he even gave up land allocated to him by the government of Pakistan to build a Madrasah, just to avoid a dispute that has arisen in the process.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sayyidtalhah.wordpress.com/2017/12/13/avoiding-disputes/|title=Avoid the Disputes – Despite Being Right!|last=Talhah|first=Sayyid|date=2017-12-13|website=Pearls for Tazkiyah|language=en|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref>

==Works==
He wrote around one hundred books [[Exegesis#Islam|explaining]] the [[Quran]] and interpreting [[Sharia|Islamic law]].

His best-known and most widely translated work is the ''Ma'ariful Qur'an'' ("The Wisdom of the Quran"), which he finished (in Urdu) four years before his death.<ref name="ibid">''Ma'ariful Qur'an: A Comprehensive Commentary on the Holy Qur'an'' (Karachi: Mataba-e-Darul-Ulomm Karachi, 2008 ed.), Volume 1. p. xv</ref> This work, a commentary on the entire Quran, began as a series of weekly lectures on [[Radio Pakistan]] that ran for ten years.<ref name="ibid" />

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==External links==
* {{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=Asad |date=2018-06-30 |title=Research Study of the Contribution of Mufti Muhammad Shafi' in Sīrah Studies |url=http://jirs.uoh.edu.pk/index.php/JIRS/article/view/328 |journal=Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies |language=ur |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=95–105 |doi=10.36476/JIRS.3:1.06.2018.07 |issn=2519-7118|doi-access=free }}
*[https://archive.org/details/UrduBooksCollection_20170511]
*[https://archive.org/details/EnglishBooksCollection]
*[http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/19985 مفتی اعظم پاکستان مولانا مفتی محمد شفیع کی عملی، تصنیفی اور ملی خدمتات کا علمی، تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ]
*[https://studentrepo.iium.edu.my/entities/publication/fcc52da2-bedb-48dd-8bed-46b0570dff81 الشيخ المفتي محمد شفيع العثماني وإسهاماته في فقه النوازل : دراسة تحليلية نقدية]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel}}
{{succession box
| title = fourth Head Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband
| years = 13 August 1931 - November 1935
| before = Riyazuddin Bijnori
| after =[[Muhammad Sahool Bhagalpuri]]
}}
{{succession box
| title = seventh Head Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband
| years = 4 April 1940 - 23 March 1943
| before = Kifayatullah Gangohi
| after =Farooq Ahmad
}}
{{s-end}}{{Islamic scholars from Pakistan|state=collapsed}}{{Pakistan Movement|state=collapsed}}
{{Maturidi}}
{{Hanafi scholars}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Muhammad Shafi}}

[[Category:Muhammad Shafi]]
[[Category:Pakistani Islamic religious leaders]]
[[Category:Hanafis]]
[[Category:Maturidis]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Pakistani Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Jurisprudence academics]]
[[Category:1976 deaths]]
[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]
[[Category:People from Deoband]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:Head Muftis of Darul Uloom Deoband]]
[[Category:Students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]]
[[Category:Students of Anwar Shah Kashmiri]]
[[Category:Presidents of Jamia Darul Uloom, Karachi]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Karachi people]]
[[Category:Disciples of Ashraf Ali Thanwi]]
[[Category:Usmani family]]
[[Category:Muslim scholars]]
[[Category:Grand Muftis of Pakistan]]

Uttar Pradesh Subordinate Services Selection Commission

2026-01-24T04:15:06Z

Jameshowlett179011: refined structure additionally and added references

{{short description|State government commission conducting examinations and recruitment}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{unreliable sources|date=July 2015}}

{{Infobox organization
|formation = November 1999
|name = Uttar Pradesh Subordinate Services Selection Commission
|abbreviation = UPSSSC
|type = [[Government agency]]
|image = Seal of Uttar Pradesh.png
|size =
|region_served = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|services = Recruitment
|leader_title = Chief Executive Officer
|leader_name = Santosh Kumar, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|website = {{official website|http://upsssc.gov.in/}}
|purpose =
|location=3rd Floor, Pickup Bhawan, Vibhuti Khand,
Gomtinagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh–226010
}}

The '''Uttar Pradesh Subordinate Services Selection Commission''' ('''UPSSSC''') is a [[government body]] of the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India, authorized to conduct examinations for appointments to various Group C and Group D posts under the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]. The Uttar Pradesh Subordinate Services Selection Commission was constituted under the provisions of the U.P. Subordinate Services Selection Commission Act 2014 (often shortened to UPSSSC Act 2014).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://upsssc.gov.in/OuterPages/AboutUs.aspx |title=About The UPSSSC |last= |first= |date= |website=UPSSSC.gov.in |publisher=National Informatics Centre |access-date=2020-05-26 |quote=''...the State Government of Uttar Pradesh established a Subordinate Services Selection Board through an Ordinance in 1988 which was later on replaced by an act No.7 of 1988, for direct recruitment to all such group ′C′ posts as may be specified by the State Government by notification in this behalf.'' |archive-date=20 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520174801/http://upsssc.gov.in/OuterPages/AboutUs.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> The current [[Statutory authority|commission]] was formed after it was recognised that there was a need for a recruitment drive to attract people to Group C and Group D positions.<ref>{{cite news |last=WebTeam |first=ZeeBiz |date=25 September 2019 |title=UPSSSC Admit Card 2019 released at upsssc.gov.in |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-upsssc-admit-card-2019-released-at-upssscgovin-check-other-details-here-111262 |work= Zee Business|location=New Delhi |access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref>

==Functions of UPSSSC==
*Recruitment of the candidates.
{{ordered list|type=lower-roman
| On the basis of interview only
| On the basis of examination only
| On the basis of examination and interview only
| On the basis of screening test and interview (if needed)
| On the basis of preliminary examination, main examination and interview (if needed)
}}

==Examinations conducted by the Commission==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2020}}
The following examinations are conducted by the U.P. Subordinate Services Selection Commission from time to time:
#Junior Assistant Examination.
# Bus and Transport Conductor Examination
# Clerk, Junior Assistant, Stenographer Examination.
#Forest Guard Examination.
# Boring Technician
# Lekhpal, Patwari and Ameen Examinations.
# Pharmacist ([[Medical]])
# Revenue Inspector Examination
#Junior Engineer Examination
# Village Development Officer/ Village Panchayat Officer, Samaj Kalyan Paryavekshak Examination.
#Driver, Peon and Multitasking Staff Recruitment Exam
#Tubewell Operator
#Lower Subordinate Services
#Cane Supervisor
#Computer Operator
#Assistant Statistical officer
# Tyre Inspector/Vidutkar/Mechanic Examination.
# Yuva Vikas dal Adhikari and Sports Trainer Examination.
#Wild Life Guard
#Assistant Accountant & Auditor Examination
#Preliminary Eligibility Test (PET)<ref>{{cite web |date=3 January 2023 |title=UPSSSC PET Exam Syllabus |url=https://www.studynotesbook.com/upsssc-pet-syllabus/ |access-date=26 May 2023 |language=Hindi |via=studynotesbook.com}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission]]
* [[Public service commissions in India|List of Public service commissions in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://upsssc.gov.in/ UPSSSC Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613145159/http://upsssc.gov.in/ |date=13 June 2023 }}

{{Standardized tests in India}}
{{Public Service Commissions in India}}

[[Category:State agencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Employment agencies of India]]
[[Category:Government recruitment in India]]
[[Category:1999 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1999]]

Poecilotheria tigrinawesseli

2026-01-05T17:48:34Z

Jameshowlett179011: added entry

{{Short description|Species of spider}}
{{Speciesbox
| taxon = Poecilotheria tigrinawesseli
| name = Wessel's tiger ornamental tarantula
| image =
| image_caption =
| status = DD
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Siliwal, M. |author2=Molur, S. |author3=Daniel, B.A. |date=2008 |title=''Poecilotheria tigrinawesseli'' |volume=2008 |article-number=e.T63569A12692174 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T63569A12692174.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
| status2 = CITES_A2
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}</ref>
| authority = Smith, 2006<ref name=WSC_s37833/>
| range_map =
}}

'''''Poecilotheria tigrinawesseli''''', also known as '''Wessel's tiger ornamental''' or '''Anantagiri's parachute spider''', is an arboreal tarantula.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tarantupedia.com/selenocosmiinae/poecilotheria/poecilotheria-tigrinawesseli | title=Poecilotheria tigrinawesseli Smith, 2006 | publisher=Tarantupedia | access-date=28 February 2016}}</ref> It is endemic to [[Eastern Ghats]] of [[India]] and known from six locations around [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" /><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mikebasictarantula.com/Poe-tigrinawesseli-care-sheet.html | title=P. tigrinawesseli | publisher=My Basic Tarantula | access-date=28 February 2016}}</ref>
[[File:SalemOrnamental.jpg|thumb|Salem Ornamental, a close species to tiger ornamental]]
The species is morphologically similar to ''Poecilotheria formosa'', but genetically similar to ''[[Poecilotheria miranda]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thespidershop.co.uk/poecilotheria-tigrinawesseli-p-3485.html#.VtL1VGS6bmQ | title=Poecilotheria tigrinawesseli | publisher=The Spider Shop | access-date=28 February 2016}}</ref>

==Size and Behavior==
Poecilotheria tigrinawesseli is a large arboreal tarantula species within the family Theraphosidae. Adult females can reach a diagonal leg span of approximately 7–8 inches (17–20 cm), while males are slightly smaller and more slender.<ref>Spider Identifications</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=January 2026}}

This species exhibits fast growth under optimal conditions, including warm temperatures (24–28 Celsius) and consistent feeding.<ref>8 Legs Unlimited</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=January 2026}} Coloration changes noticeably after molting, with a vivid contrast and a subtle violet sheen near the carapace and legs, which darkens over time before the next molt.<ref>Archiwum Allegro</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=January 2026}}

Behaviorally, P. tigrinawesseli is arboreal and shy, preferring to retreat to elevated shelters rather than immediately threat-posing when disturbed. This species is unlikely to leave its established retreat once it has built a home.<ref>JoshsFrogs</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=January 2026}}<ref>8 Legs Unlimited</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=January 2026}} Overall, it prefers to escape rather than bite, though its medically significant venom can cause severe consequences to house pets and humans.

==Identification==
In the first pair of legs, the ground color is daffodil yellow. Femur has a black band distally, ending with a thin yellow band. Patella also has a thin black band distally. Tibia daffodil yellow. <ref name=poecilotheria>{{cite book|author=Nanayakkara, Ranil P.|year=2014|title= Tiger Spiders ''Poecilotheria'' of Sri Lanka |publisher=Biodiversity Secretariat, Ministry of Environmental & Renewable Energy |location= Colombo |page= 167|isbn= 978-955-0033-58-4}}</ref>

In fourth pair of legs, the ground color is bluish-grey. Femur has a thin black band proximally. Patella has a thin black band as well distally. Tibia is bluish-grey in color. Overall the leg pattern is symmetric like zebras.<ref name=poecilotheria />

It is endemic to the central highlands of Sri Lanka, where it inhabits montane forests and tree hollows at elevations above 1000 metres.<ref>{{cite web|title=Poecilotheria subfusca – IUCN Red List|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/63591/12742046|access-date=15 October 2025}}</ref> Adults display intricate ivory, grey, and dark brown markings, providing camouflage against bark and moss. Females are generally larger and more robust than males, reaching a leg span of up to 18 cm.<ref>{{cite web|title=Poecilotheria subfusca|url=https://fearnottarantulas.com/products/poecilotheria-subfusca-sri-lankan-ivory-ornamental|website=Fear Not Tarantulas|access-date=15 October 2025}}</ref> Like other members of the genus, the species is fast-moving and defensive but rarely aggressive unless provoked. Its population is considered vulnerable due to habitat degradation in Sri Lanka’s highlands, and international trade is regulated under CITES Appendix II.<ref>{{cite web|title=CITES Appendices|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|website=CITES|access-date=15 October 2025}}</ref>

==Ecology==
The species is confined to the eastern ghats of India. Inhabiting in tree hollows, under tree barks, rock crevices, not common in human habitations. Not much information is known about this species.

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=WSC_s37833>{{cite web |title=Taxon details ''Poecilotheria tigrinawesseli'' Smith, 2006 |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/species/37833 |access-date=29 February 2016 }}</ref>
}}

==External links==
*[https://www.flickr.com/photos/asmodeusk/4907746983 Photos]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1833292}}

[[Category:Poecilotheria|tigrinawesseli]]
[[Category:Spiders of the Indian subcontinent]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]
[[Category:Spiders described in 2006]]

V. P. Singh (brigadier)

2025-12-07T11:17:57Z

Jameshowlett179011:

{{Distinguish|text= politician [[V. P. Singh Badnore]], Indian prime minister [[V. P. Singh]], or hydrologist [[Vijay P. Singh]]}}{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Brigadier]]
| name = V. P. Singh
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Brig. V. P. Singh + Giani Zail Singh + Col. Bhawani Singh.jpg
| caption = Brigadier V. P. Singh (2nd from left ) with the President of India - Giani [[Zail Singh]]
| birth_date = 16 October 1940
| birth_place = Patiala, Punjab, India
| death_date = 2012
| death_place = Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| allegiance = {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{flagicon|India}} Indian Army
| serviceyears = c.1960s–1990s
| rank = Brigadier
| unit = [[61st Cavalry (India)]] [[President's Bodyguard (India)]]
| commands = 61st Cavalry President’s Bodyguard
| awards = [[Arjuna Award]] (1975)
}}

'''Brigadier Virendra Pal Singh''' (16 October 1940 – 2012) was an officer of the [[Indian Army]] and a leading Indian [[polo]] and [[Equestrian Federation of India|equestrian]]. He served with both the [[61st Cavalry (India)|61st Cavalry]] and the [[President's Bodyguard (India)|President’s Bodyguard]], and is noted as the only Indian polo player in the post-Independence era to have attained a seven-goal handicap. He was awarded the [[Arjuna Award]] in 1975 for his achievements in polo.<ref name="Arjuna">{{cite web |title=List of Arjuna Awardees |url=https://yas.nic.in/yasawards2015/index.html |publisher=Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Singh was born in Patiala, Punjab, on 16 October 1940.<ref name="lapolo">{{cite web |title=Brigadier VP Singh |url=https://lapolo.in/blog/brigadier-vp-singh/ |website=LA Polo |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref> He studied at the [[Lawrence School, Sanawar]], where he developed an interest in riding and polo.<ref name="sanawar">{{cite news |title=Sanawar alumni in equestrian sports |work=LA Polo |date=2018 |url=https://www.lapolo.in |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref> His aptitude for horsemanship was evident early in life. After completing school, he entered the [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy (NDA)]], and later trained at the [[Indian Military Academy|Indian Military Academy (IMA)]] in Dehradun. At the IMA, Singh distinguished himself by winning both the ''Sword of Honour'' and the ''Gold Medal'', awarded for overall excellence and leadership potential.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=IPA {{!}} Arjun Awards |url=https://ipa.co.in/user/arjun_awards_1975.php |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=ipa.co.in}}</ref>

== Military career ==

=== 61st Cavalry ===
Upon commissioning in the early 1960s, Singh was posted to the '''61st Cavalry''', the last remaining non-mechanised horse-mounted cavalry regiment in the world.<ref name="IANS">{{cite news |last=Makhijani |first=Vishnu |date=9 January 2008 |title=India’s unique 61st Cavalry rides into 56th year |url=https://twocircles.net/2008jan09/indias_unique_61st_cavalry_rides_56th_year.html |access-date=21 September 2025 |work=IANS}}</ref> The unit combined ceremonial duties with competitive equestrian sports.<ref name="IANS" /> In 1966, Singh became the first Indian officer selected for the advanced equitation course at Saumur, France, where he trained and competed against Olympic riders.<ref name=":0" />

He rose to command the regiment and eventually became the only officer of the [[61st Cavalry (India)|61st Cavalry]] promoted to the rank of Brigadier, breaking the traditional ceiling that limited cavalry officers to lower ranks due to the unit’s ceremonial focus.<ref name="IANS"/>

=== President’s Bodyguard ===
Between 1975 and 1980, Singh commanded the [[President's Bodyguard (India)|President’s Bodyguard (PBG)]], India’s senior-most cavalry regiment and ceremonial guard to the President of India.<ref name=":0" /> The PBG has long been associated with polo, and Singh strengthened its equestrian profile during his command. His tenure contributed to the regiment’s continued role as one of the key centres of polo in India.<ref name="Firstpost" /> Singh also served with the President’s Bodyguard (India), where he later became Commandant.<ref name="Firstpost">{{cite news |title=The President’s Bodyguard and its storied legacy of polo |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/exclusive-the-presidents-bodyguard-and-its-storied-legacy-of-polo-12938172.html |work=Firstpost |date=18 December 2024 |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref> Both PBG and 61st Cavalry maintained active equestrian programmes, and Singh was among the most prominent polo players produced by these regiments.<ref name="PBG">{{cite web |title=President’s Bodyguard – Polo heritage |url=https://presidentofindia.gov.in/pbg/silver-trumpet |website=Rashtrapati Bhavan |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref>

== Polo and equestrian career ==
Singh was active in polo from the mid-1960s to the 1980s.

* He made his international debut at [[Cannes]], [[France]], in 1965.<ref name="Bhandari">{{cite news |last=Bhandari |first=Prakash |date=16 November 2024 |title=The King of Polo Rides Off Into the Ages |url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/report/the-king-of-polo-rides-off-into-the-ages/20241116.htm |access-date=21 September 2025 |work=Rediff Sports}}</ref>
* 1989 – Captained the Indian team in a three-match series in ''Lahore, Pakistan'', where India won after a gap of 29 years.<ref name=":0" />
* He captained the Commonwealth Polo Team at [[Windsor Castle|Windsor]] against England in a match led by the [[Charles III|Prince of Wales]].<ref name=":0" />
* He represented India in tournaments in the [[Hurlingham Polo Association|United Kingdom]], [[United States Polo Association|United States]], [[Australian Polo Federation|Australia]], Kenya, Ethiopia and Italy.<ref name="lapolo"/>
* He played five seasons of high-goal polo in the United States, including at Palm Beach, Florida and he was awarded ''Most Valuable Player'' at the [[Santa Barbara Polo Club]] .<ref name="Bhandari"/>
* Singh achieved a handicap of +7 goals, the highest for any Indian player in the post-Independence period, and a level not since equalled by any of his compatriots.<ref name="IndiaToday">{{cite news |last=Parihar |first=Rohit |title=How Centre’s U-turn on duty waiver rid India’s polo fraternity of horse power |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/how-centres-u-turn-on-duty-waiver-rid-indias-polo-fraternity-of-horse-power-2532259-2025-08-26 |work=India Today |date=26 August 2025 |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref>

=== Equestrian disciplines ===
In addition to polo, Singh competed successfully in [[show jumping]], [[dressage]], [[eventing]], and [[tent pegging]]. He won prizes at national equestrian competitions, and in 1966 he judged at the Dublin International Horse Show. He was also associated with the [[International Federation for Equestrian Sports|International Equestrian Federation]].<ref name=":0" />

Singh’s involvement in these disciplines contributed to the development of equestrian sport in India at a time when the Army played a crucial role in sustaining it.

Singh was conferred the [[Arjuna Award]] in 1975 for his contribution to polo.<ref name="Arjuna" />

== Family ==
Singh was married to Virendra Kumari of Kutch.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rathore |first=Abhinay |date=1972-03-03 |title=Kutch (Princely State) |url=https://www.indianrajputs.com/view/kutch |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=Rajput Provinces of India |language=en}}</ref> The couple had three children: two daughters and a son, Bhishma Pal Singh, who also became a polo player and attained a two-goal handicap. One daughter, Yogini, pursued equestrian sports and competed in dressage at the junior national level.<ref name=":0" />

== Later life ==
After retiring from the Army, Singh settled near Gurgaon, Haryana, where he continued to train horses and remained involved in polo. He also advised the [[Indian Polo Association]]. He died in 2012 at the age of 72.<ref name="Bhandari"/>

== Legacy ==
In 2019, the '''Brigadier V. P. Singh Memorial Polo Cup''' was instituted at the Jaipur Polo Ground, Delhi, to commemorate his contribution to Indian polo.<ref name="Millennium">{{cite news |title=Rajnigandha Achievers win Cavalry Gold Cup |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/sports/rajnigandha-achievers-win-cavalry-gold-cup-343249 |work=Millennium Post |date=13 February 2019 |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
* [[Arjuna Award]] (1975) – for polo<ref name="Arjuna"/>
* Most Valuable Player, Santa Barbara Polo Club<ref name="Bhandari"/>
* Multiple national polo and equestrian titles<ref name="lapolo"/>

== See also ==
* [[61st Cavalry (India)]]
* [[President's Bodyguard (India)|President’s Bodyguard (India)]]
* [[Polo in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, V.P.}}
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Indian polo players]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Indian male equestrians]]
[[Category:61st Cavalry (India)]]

Balwantrai Mehta Committee

2025-12-01T14:16:07Z

Jameshowlett179011: put up first data w/ sources

{{Short description|1957 Indian government committee}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2019}}

The '''Balwant Rai Mehta Committee''' was a committee originally appointed by the [[Government of India]] on 16 January 1957 to examine the working of the Community Development Program (2 October 1952) and the National Extension Service and to suggest measures for their better working. The [[Chairperson|Chairman]] of this committee was [[Balwantrai Mehta|Balwantrai G. Mehta]]. The committee submitted its report on 24 November 1957 and recommended the establishment of the scheme of [[Decentralization|'democratic decentralization']] which finally came to be known as [[Panchayati Raj]]. The main aim of [[Panchayati raj|Panchayat raj]] system is to settle the local problems locally and to make the people politically conscious.

The report of the Team for the Study of the Community Projects and National Extension Service, chaired by [[Balwantrai Mehta|Balwantrai G. Mehta]] in 1957 is attached here.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panchayatgyan.gov.in/documents/30336/0/Balvantray_G_Mehta_Committee_report.pdf/563c2a17-a13f-463a-ba4d-339916c32d57|title=The report of the Team for the Study of the Community Projects and National Extension Service, Chaired by Balwantray G. Mehta in 1957|website=www.panchayatgyan.gov.in|access-date=29 January 2019|archive-date=13 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113110803/http://www.panchayatgyan.gov.in/documents/30336/0/Balvantray_G_Mehta_Committee_report.pdf/563c2a17-a13f-463a-ba4d-339916c32d57|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Recommendations ==
# The [[Village panchayat|village Panchayat]] should be constituted with directly elected representatives, whereas the [[Panchayat samiti|Panchayat Samiti]] and [[Zilla Parishad High School|Zilla Parishad]] should be constituted with indirectly elected members. This is because Panchayat is similar to that of [[State Assembly|state assembly]] where there is place for politics whereas Samiti and Zilla Parishad members should be more educated and knowledgeable and may not need the majority support.
# All planning and developmental activities should be entrusted to these bodies.
# The Panchayat Samiti should be the executive body while the Zilla Parishad should be the advisory, coordinating and supervisory body.
# The District Collector should be the Chairman of the Zilla Parishad.
# There should be a genuine transfer of power and responsibility to these democratic bodies.
# Sufficient resources should be transferred to these bodies to enable them to discharge their functions and fulfil their responsibilities.
# A system should be evolved to effect further devolution of authority in future.
# Irrespective of political parties, Elections has to be constituted for every 5 years in a genuine way.

These recommendations were accepted by the [[National Development Council (India)|National Development Council]] in January 1958.

== Structure ==

* Gram Panchayat: At the village level, with directly elected representatives.
* Panchayat Samiti: At the block level, which should be the main executive body.
* Zila Parishad: At the district level, to be the advisory, coordinating, and supervisory body.

== Adaptation ==
Rajasthan was the first state to launch the system in 1959, followed by Andhra Pradesh in the same year<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iipa.org.in/upload/IPG_panchayti%20raj.pdf|title=Panchayati Raj|last=pdf|first=Panchayati Raj}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian committees}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Government agencies of India]]
[[Category:Panchayati raj (India)]]

{{India-gov-stub}}

List of reportedly haunted locations in India

2025-11-30T05:37:33Z

Jameshowlett179011: fixed page per standard format and fixed typos

{{Short description|none}}
{{Paranormal |main}}
This is a '''list of reportedly haunted locations in India'''.

== Andhra Pradesh ==

* [[Chittoor railway station|'''Chittoor railway station''']]: Believed to be haunted after the 2013 death of [[Central Reserve Police Force]] constable Hari Singh, who was attacked by [[Railway Protection Force]] officers and [[Conductor (rail)|travelling ticket examiners]] aboard the [[Kerala Express]] to [[Delhi]]. Singh left the train at the [[Chittoor]] station and died of his injuries in hospital.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-07-26 |title=‘Ghost tale’ haunts Chittoor railway station |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ghost-tale-haunts-chittoor-railway-station/article7468140.ece |access-date=2025-07-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Chhattisgarh==
*Lal Bangla of [[Raipur]] is an abandoned villa near Serikhedi Interchange of [[Naya Raipur]]. It is regarded as the most haunted place in Raipur. Local legends say that a doctor and his daughter residing in the house witnessed an evil spirit during a total lunar eclipse in 1994, during which the daughter hid in a wardrobe out of terror and later found her father to be dead. The police officials involved in the subsequent investigation deemed the case to be mysterious as well. In 2012, [[Zee TV]] aired the story of Lal Bangla on episode no. 22 of the horror series ''[[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein|Fear Files]]''.

==Delhi==
[[Image:Ugrasen ki baoli view.jpg|thumb|Agrasen Ki Baoli step well]]
*'''[[Agrasen Ki Baoli]], [[New Delhi]]''': A 60-meter long and 15-meter wide historical [[step well]], it is believed to be haunted.<ref name=IndiaTimesHauntDelhi />
* '''[[Bhuli Bhatiyari Ka Mahal]], [[Karol Bagh]]''': Ruins of a 14th-century hunting lodge that is believed by some to be haunted.<ref name=IndiaTimesHauntDelhi />
* '''[[Delhi Cantonment]], [[New Delhi]]''': The more desolate parts of this area are believed to be haunted by spirits, including a [[Vanishing hitchhiker|female hitchhiker]] clad in a white [[Sari|saree]].<ref name=IndiaTimesHauntDelhi>{{cite news |title=Chasing shadows―the most haunted places in Delhi |author=Shikha Gautam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/chasing-shadowsthe-most-haunted-places-in-delhi/as48466458.cms |access-date=30 October 2018 |newspaper=[[Times of India]] |archive-date=6 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106062236/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/chasing-shadowsthe-most-haunted-places-in-delhi/as48466458.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=IndiaTimesHauntIndia>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/things-to-do/graveyard-shiftsome-of-the-most-haunted-places-in-india/as23032642.cms |title=Graveyard shift—some of the most haunted places in India |author=Meghna Mukherjee and Hengul J Das |newspaper=[[Times of India]] |access-date=30 October 2018 |archive-date=12 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112141452/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/things-to-do/graveyard-shiftsome-of-the-most-haunted-places-in-india/as23032642.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''[[Jamali Kamali Mosque and Tomb]], [[Mehrauli]]''': Located in the archaeological village complex in Mehrauli, the site is believed to be haunted. There have been reports of people being slapped by invisible forces and ghostly voices being heard from adjoining graves. As a result, visiting [[fakir]]s call upon [[Jinn]]s on every Thursday.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/DEL-karbala-graveyard-to-jinns-of-jamali-kamali-mosque-delhis-5-most-haunted-locatio-4417410-NOR.html |title=Karbala graveyard to jinns of Jamali Kamali Mosque: Delhi's 5 most haunted locations |newspaper=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |date=28 October 2013 |access-date=21 July 2015 |archive-date=6 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706171807/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/DEL-karbala-graveyard-to-jinns-of-jamali-kamali-mosque-delhis-5-most-haunted-locatio-4417410-NOR.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/television/india-s-most-haunted/article1-696974.aspx |title=India's Most Haunted? |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |author=Bhattacharya, Roshmila |date=13 May 2011 |access-date=21 July 2015}}{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* '''[[Lothian Cemetery]], [[Old Delhi]]''': Believed to be haunted by the specter of General Nicholas, a British officer who committed suicide after learning that the woman he loved had married another man.<ref name=IndiaTimesHauntDelhi />

==Goa==
{{multiple image
| align = left
| direction = vertical
| image1 = D'Mello House, 2021.jpg
| caption1 = [[Façade]] of the D'Mello House, 2021
| image2 = Igorchem Bandh 2023.jpg
| caption2 = Main gate of ''Igorchem Bandh''
| image3 = Sina Hotel (Ghost Hotel Agonda).jpg
| caption3 = The premises of Sina Hotel, 2015
}}
*'''[[D'Mello House]]''': Mansion built during the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese rule in Goa]]. According to the village [[folklore]], it is haunted by the souls of the D'Mello brothers and their family.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ಆಸ್ತಿಗಾಗಿ ಹೊಡೆದಾಡಿಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದ ಅಣ್ಣ ತಮ್ಮ ಈಗ ಭೂತವಾಗಿ ಸುತ್ತಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರಾ...? |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/viral-adda/unsolved-mysteries/haunted-stories-about-dmello-house-in-santemol-goa/articleshow/75499819.cms |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=Vijay Karnataka |language=kn}}</ref>
*'''[[Igorchem Bandh]]''': A [[mud road]] situated behind the Our Lady of Snows Church in [[Raia, Goa|Raia]], known for its midday hauntings.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gautam |first=Hengul J. Das and Shikha GautamHengul J. Das and Shikha |title=The spookiest places in Goa |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/the-spookiest-places-in-goa/articleshow/48882018.cms |access-date=2023-10-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
*'''[[Baytakhol]]''': Stretch of road known for a high number of motor accidents. According to local folklore, the motorists have reported seeing the ghost of a young woman screaming.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Warning! Don't visit these 7 Haunted places in Goa |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/ampstories/lifestyle/warning-dont-visit-these-7-haunted-places-in-goa |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>
*'''[[Sina Hotel]]''': Abandoned hotel situated in [[Agonda]] that is claimed to be haunted by the ghost of one of the owners.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Incredible Goa Staff |date=2018-03-17 |title=10 Most Haunted Places in Goa, That You May Never Want to Visit |url=https://www.incrediblegoa.org/feature/the-10-most-haunted-places-in-goa-that-you-may-never-want-to-visit/ |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=Incredible Goa |language=en}}</ref>
*'''[[Jakni Bandh]]''': A temporary bridge connecting the village of [[Dramapur]] and the town of [[Navelim]]. According to a local legend, people hear cries of children during specific times of the year after sunset.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ಅಪಘಾತಗಳನ್ನೇ ಕಂಡಿದ್ದ ಆ ರಸ್ತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಡುತ್ತಲಿದೆ ಮಕ್ಕಳ ನೋವಿನ ಛೀತ್ಕಾರದ ನೆನಪು! |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/viral-adda/unsolved-mysteries/scary-and-ghost-stories-about-jakni-bandh-one-of-the-most-haunted-places-in-goa/articleshow/75838715.cms |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Vijay Karnataka |language=kn}}</ref>
*'''[[Rodrigues Home]]''': A mansion that is located in [[Verna, Goa|Verna]]. It has gained attention due to several reports of paranormal incidents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeepers Creepers |url=http://www.thegoan.net/The-Great-Goan-Weekend/Rec-Room/Jeepers-Creepers/01651.html |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en}}</ref>

==Gujarat==
[[File:Dumas Beach.JPG|thumb|200px|Dumas Beach as seen from Surat Bus Station]]
* '''[[Dumas Beach]], [[Surat]]''': Despite being a popular beach located about 20 km from [[Surat]], it is believed to be haunted due to the reports of several locals and tourists vanishing from there.<ref name="DailyBhaskar2013">{{cite news |title=PHOTOS: 10 most haunted places in India |newspaper=[[Daily Bhaskar]] |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/JM-photos-10-most-haunted-places-in-india-4212334-PHO.html?seq=3 |date=2013-04-01 |access-date=2016-12-09 |archive-date=2014-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829172524/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/JM-photos-10-most-haunted-places-in-india-4212334-PHO.html?seq=3 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Srivastava |first=Priya|title=The scary saga of haunted Dumas Beach in Gujarat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/the-scary-saga-of-haunted-dumas-beach-in-gujarat/articleshow/62550736.cms |access-date=2024-05-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Maharashtra==
* '''[[Grand Paradi Towers]], [[Mumbai]]''': Regarded to be the most famous haunted building in Mumbai as it is the site of several suicides and deaths.<ref>{{cite news|last=Awatramani|first=Tarini|title=Haunted Mumbai: Guess which well-known hotel is missing a 13th floor|url=http://in.lifestyle.yahoo.com/haunted-mumbai--guess-which-well-known-hotel-is-missing-a-13th-floor.html|access-date=2 January 2013|newspaper=CNNGo|date=29 Mar 2012|archive-date=20 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720020216/http://in.lifestyle.yahoo.com/haunted-mumbai--guess-which-well-known-hotel-is-missing-a-13th-floor.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Mukesh Mills, Mumbai:''' The building was once a factory but a fire engulfed the building to ruins. The abandoned factory is a hotspot for shooting movies. However, the cast and crew have experienced paranormal events.
* '''[[Shaniwar Wada]], [[Pune]]''': A [[fortification]] built in 1732 which served as the seat of the [[Peshwa]]s of the [[Maratha Empire]] until 1818 when they lost to the [[East India Company]] in the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]]. The fort is said to be haunted by the ghost of the fifth Peshwa [[Narayanrao]], who was murdered in 1773 by guards acting on orders of his uncle [[Raghunathrao]] and aunt [[Anandibai]].<ref name="zeenews">{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/slideshow/top-10-most-haunted-places-india_39.html |title=Top 10 most haunted places in India |publisher=[[Zee News]] |author=Preeti Panwar |access-date=21 July 2015 |archive-date=22 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722062750/http://zeenews.india.com/slideshow/top-10-most-haunted-places-india_39.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=5090271538838429700&SectionId=5131376722999570563&SectionName=Features&NewsDate=20111031&NewsTitle=Going%20ghost%20hunting |title=Going ghost hunting |newspaper=[[Sakal]] |author=Huned Contractor |date=31 October 2011 |access-date=21 July 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924093822/http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=5090271538838429700&SectionId=5131376722999570563&SectionName=Features&NewsDate=20111031&NewsTitle=Going%20ghost%20hunting |url-status=usurped }}</ref>
* '''[[Taj Mahal Palace Hotel]], [[Mumbai]]''': A heritage five-star luxury hotel located in the [[Colaba]] region, it was the main target of the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]]. But believers claim the hotel, specifically the Old Wing, is haunted by the ghost of the English engineer W. A. Chambers. Legends say that he took his life by jumping off the fifth floor out of frustration once he knew that the hotel's construction was not entirely according to his plans.<ref name=IndiaTimesHauntHotels>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/hotels/ghostbusting-goals-the-most-haunted-hotels-in-india/as59755409.cms |author=Samonway Duttagupta |title=Ghostbusting goals: the most haunted hotels in India |access-date=30 October 2018 |newspaper=[[Times of India]] |archive-date=30 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030231847/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/hotels/ghostbusting-goals-the-most-haunted-hotels-in-india/as59755409.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Ayesha Villa, Pune''': This is an old villa in Khandala. It is rumored to be haunted by spirits of the three individuals who were killed brutally in the villa. 17 year old Ayesha and her parents were tortured and killed by miscreants.

==Rajasthan==
{{multiple image
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| caption1 = Bhangarh Fort
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| caption2 = Ruins of Kuldhara
| width2 = 220
}}
* '''[[Bhangarh Fort]], [[Bhangarh]]''': The site was purportedly brought to ruin as a consequence of the curse of Baba Balanath. Another legend attributes it to the curse of the sorcerer Singhiya.<ref>Gaur, Arun. (6 December 1998). [http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec06/sunday/head2.htm ''Silent ghost cities''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208003556/http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec06/sunday/head2.htm |date=2017-02-08 }}. ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]''.</ref> Entering the site before sunrise and after sunset is not allowed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiasmosthaunted.co.uk/haunted-bhangarh/|title=Haunted Bhangarh - Myth or Reality|date=2019-07-05|website=India's Most Haunted|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-27|archive-date=2019-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727155849/https://indiasmosthaunted.co.uk/haunted-bhangarh/|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
* '''[[Brijraj Bhawan Palace Hotel]], [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]]''': A former royal residence, it is considered to be one of the most beautiful heritage hotels in the state. It is reportedly haunted by the ghost of British officer Major Burton, who resided in the palace with his family for 13 years before being killed by Indian sepoys during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].<ref name=IndiaTimesHauntHotels/>
* '''[[Kuldhara]]''': An abandoned site in [[Jaisalmer district]] that was once a prosperous village inhabited by [[Paliwal]] [[Brahmin]]s from the 13th to early 19th centuries. Local legends hold that the Paliwals cursed the village with a haunting to frighten away anyone from occupying it. The 2010 film ''[[Kaalo]]'' is loosely based on this place.<ref name="IT_SD_2015">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/travel/travel-buzz/story/jaisalmers-haunted-village-to-be-developed-and-opened-for-tourists-kuldhara-277817-2015-12-18 |title=Dungarpur's 'haunted' village to be developed and opened for tourists |author=sarthak bhatt |date=18 December 2015 |magazine=India Today |access-date=9 December 2016 |archive-date=5 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205094736/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jaisalmers-haunted-village-to-be-developed-and-opened-for-tourists-kuldhara/1/550178.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The local residents around the area do not believe in the legends, but propagate them for tourism.<ref name="Deepika_bucks">{{cite news |url=http://english.pradesh18.com/news/bihar/the-ruins-of-kuldhara-ghostly-or-godly-481733.html |title=The 'haunted' ruins of Kuldhara, where ghost stories mean big bucks |author=Deepika Mahendra |publisher=News 18 |date=19 May 2014 |access-date=9 December 2016 |archive-date=10 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810072326/http://english.pradesh18.com/news/bihar/the-ruins-of-kuldhara-ghostly-or-godly-481733.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Indian Paranormal Society's [[Gaurav Tiwari]] believes the village is haunted.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/BZR-revealed-mystery-behind-the-haunted-village-of-kuldhara-4256276-NOR.html |title=Revealed: Mystery behind the haunted village of Kuldhara |date=7 May 2013 |newspaper=Dainik Bhaskar |access-date=9 December 2016 |archive-date=11 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111131946/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/BZR-revealed-mystery-behind-the-haunted-village-of-kuldhara-4256276-NOR.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Telangana==
[[File:Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad - views from Ramoji Film City (40).JPG|thumb|Ramoji Film City in 2007]]
* '''[[Golconda]], [[Hyderabad]]''': A citadel and fort that served as the capital of the medieval sultanate of the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]] (circa 1518–1687). It is reportedly haunted by ghosts of soldiers as well as the specter of a dancer named Taramati, who was one of the most famous courtesans of said dynasty. The sound of her [[ghunghroo]] can be heard sometimes.<ref name=IndiaTimesHauntHyder>{{cite news |title=Hyderabad tales: the most haunted places of the city |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/hyderabad-tales-the-most-haunted-places-of-the-city/as48742751.cms |author=Shikha Gautam |newspaper=[[Times of India]] |access-date=30 October 2018 |archive-date=6 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180606082145/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/hyderabad-tales-the-most-haunted-places-of-the-city/as48742751.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''[[Ramoji Film City]], [[Hyderabad]]''': According to legend, ghosts haunt the location because the site was a war ground of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]]<ref name=IndiaTimesHauntHyder/> and before that a burial ground for robbers.

==Uttarakhand==
*'''[[Mussoorie]]''': According to local legends, a screaming witch walks its mountains.<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-travel-scariest-5-indias-most-haunted-places/20110606.htm ''Spookiest 5: India's most haunted places''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203060842/http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-travel-scariest-5-indias-most-haunted-places/20110606.htm |date=2016-12-03 }}. ''[[Rediff]]''.</ref>
* '''Strawberry Lodge, [[Nainital]]''': Dinesh Chaudhary, the owner of the house admitted there being something wrong with his apartment. Neighbours also hear strange voices coming from the empty apartment between two and four in the night. Four people reportedly died under mysterious circumstances in the apartment.

==West Bengal==
{{multiple image
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| image1 = Morgan House Kalimpong 3.jpg
| caption1 = Morgan House, Kalimpong
| width1 = 220
| image2 =
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| caption3 = South Park Street Cemetery, Kolkata
| width3 = 220
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| caption4 = Writer's Building, Kolkata
| width4 = 220
}}
* '''Dow Hill, [[Kurseong]]''': Believed to be one of the most haunted places in the state, especially the corridors of [[Victoria Boys' School]] and the surrounding woods. A number of murders have taken place in the forest.<ref name="maamatimanush.tv">{{Cite web|url=http://www.maamatimanush.tv/articles.php?aid=551|title=Maa Mati Manush :: M3 Leads - Haunted places in West Bengal|website=www.maamatimanush.tv|access-date=2016-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811200213/http://maamatimanush.tv/articles.php?aid=551|archive-date=2016-08-11|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''[[Ghat]]s on the [[Ganges]] under [[Howrah Bridge]], [[Kolkata]]''': The site of several deaths (either due to suicide or drowning accidents), believers speculate that many spirits wander this area.
* '''Hastings House, Kolkata''': This is one of the oldest buildings in the [[Alipore]] region. It was constructed by [[Governor-General of India|Governor-General]] [[Warren Hastings]], and later it became the Governor's residence. Now, the [[University of Calcutta]] runs a women's college here. Many students have reported seeing ghosts inside the building and on the grounds.<ref name="indiamarks.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiamarks.com/top-5-most-haunted-spookiest-places-kolkata/|title=Top 5 Most Haunted and Spookiest Places in Kolkata|website=Indiamarks|language=en-US|access-date=2016-04-03|archive-date=2016-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319191635/http://www.indiamarks.com/top-5-most-haunted-spookiest-places-kolkata|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''[[Morgan House, Kalimpong|Morgan House]], [[Kalimpong]]:''' A colonial era mansion built in the typical [[Architecture of the United Kingdom|British architectural style]] of a Victorian rectory in the early 1930s, it is considered to be one of the most haunted locations in India. The building was built to commemorate the wedding of an indigo plantation owner with a jute baron by the name of George Morgan. The property was used as a summer retreat and elaborate parties were hosted. It was later passed into the hands of trustees after Mr. and Mrs. Morgan died without heir. Several sightings of Lady Morgan have been reported.<ref name="IndiaTimesHauntHotels" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/travel/adventure-travel/story/this-story-has-expired-274646-2015-11-27|title=Dare to stay at these haunted hotels of India?|access-date=2017-06-26|archive-date=2017-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709142724/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/5-haunted-hotels-of-india-hotel-taj-mahal-palace-mumbai-hotel-brij-raj-bhavan-kota-morgan-house-tourist-lodge-kalimpong/1/532827.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Dub Pukur, [[Haldia]]''': Now a pond surrounded by modern buildings, it still instills fear amongst the local people. It is said that in early 18th century, the midwife of the Royals of [[Mahishadal]] Rajbari was accused of witchcraft and devouring children. She was tied up and taken deep into the forests on the banks of the [[Haldi River]], where she was forcefully drowned in the pond. Since then, every 25 years on the night of [[Ghosts in Bengali culture|Bhoot Chaturdashi]] (the 14th day of ''Krishna [[Paksha#Krishna Paksha|Paksha]]''), reports of a blood-curdling scream from the pond are heard, and a person goes missing, whose body is later found floating in the pond on the morning of Diwali. The muddy pond is situated in Haldia Township.<ref name="maamatimanush.tv" />
* '''[[Nimtala Crematorium]], [[Kolkata]]''': It is one of the oldest crematorium ghats in central Kolkata, which is also said to be haunted.<ref name="maamatimanush.tv" />
* '''[[Rabindra Sarobar metro station]], [[Kolkata]]''': It is a busy station of the [[Kolkata Metro]]. It is claimed to be haunted by the spirits of people who have committed [[List of suicide sites|suicide]] there.
* '''[[South Park Street Cemetery]], [[Kolkata]]''': It is one of the oldest cemeteries in [[Park Street, Kolkata|Park Street]]. Constructed in 1767, it houses the graves of British soldiers and is claimed to be haunted by the same.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}
* '''[[Writers' Building]], [[Kolkata]]''': Various stories and legends claim that Writers' Building near the [[B.B.D. Bagh]] that serves as the secretariat of the [[Government of West Bengal]], is haunted by spirits of the dead.
* <ref name="indiamarks.com" />'''[[Begunkodor railway station|Begunkodar Railway Station]]''': This abandoned railway station was closed for 40 years due to being haunted. It is haunted by the ghost of a lady who committed suicide and now none of the trains halt here at night.

== Kerala ==
* '''25 GB Bungalow [[Bonacaud]], [[Trivandrum]]''': A tourist destination for adventure seekers in the day and one of the most reportedly haunted places in Kerala by night. Once owned by a British landlord and his wife, the bungalow sits atop a hill that has a 360° view of the surrounding estate and tea plantation. It is said that the landlord's children who died from unknown diseases haunt the now abandoned bungalow. People claimed to hear voices speaking English with British accents in and around the bungalow and see lights glowing despite the lack of any electrical connections in the bungalow. Other paranormal activities reported are a shadowy figure of child roaming around the bungalow and sounds of glass breaking.
* ''' [[Lakkidi, Wayanad|Lakkidi]] Gateway, [[Wayanad]]''': It is the shortest route to cross the [[Thamarassery]] pass. However, the discovery of this route led to it becoming one of the scariest places in Kerala. It is said that in the British tried to navigate through Lakkidi when travelling from [[Kozhikode]] to [[Wayanad]] and failed multiple times. The legend is that a British professional took help from a local individual named [[Karinthandan]] to discover a route through Lakkidi and took the credit for finding the way himself, killing Karinthandan to hide the truth. Since then, many passers-by claim to have seen the spirit of Karinthandan. A religious cleric was called to perform an exorcism by binding his soul to a tree. Incredibly, a chain has developed around the tree which people accept to be a sign that the spirit that has not left. Trespassers have heard terrifying screeches and screams around evening time.
*'''[[Kariavattom]]''', [[Thiruvananthapuram]]: Home to Technopark, the largest IT park in Kerala. People have experienced paranormal activities at several locations inside.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Merala|first=Dilip|title=These 4 tales of haunted places in Kerala will make your blood run cold! |url=https://www.india.com/travel/articles/these-4-tales-of-haunted-places-in-kerala-will-make-your-blood-run-cold-3236260/|access-date=2021-12-30|website=www.india.com|language=en|archive-date=2021-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230112200/https://www.india.com/travel/articles/these-4-tales-of-haunted-places-in-kerala-will-make-your-blood-run-cold-3236260/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of reportedly haunted locations]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ghosts}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reportedly haunted locations in India}}
[[Category:Lists of places in India]]
[[Category:Reportedly haunted locations in India| ]]
[[Category:Lists of reportedly haunted locations|India]]

Lunar phase (Hinduism)

2025-11-26T16:04:49Z

Jameshowlett179011: started first data from scratch

{{Short description|Religious significance of lunar phases}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
[[File:Jantar Mantar, Jaipur India.jpg|thumb|[[Jantar Mantar]], Jaipur, an early 18th century astronomical observatory]]
In [[Hinduism]], each [[lunar phase]] has religious and astrological significance.<ref name="as" /> There are four ''principal'' (primary, or major) lunar phases: the [[new moon]], first quarter, [[full moon]], and last quarter (also known as third or final quarter), when the Moon's [[ecliptic longitude]] is at an angle to the Sun (as viewed from the center of the Earth) of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° respectively.<ref>*{{cite book|editor-first=P. Kenneth |editor-last=Seidelmann|date=1992|title= Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac|publisher=University Science Books|location=Mill Valley|url=https://archive.org/details/131123ExplanatorySupplementAstronomicalAlmanac/page/n1/mode/1up |p=478}}</ref> Hindu astrology also considers significant the changes in the phase of the moon even during the course of each individual day.

==New moon==
The first of these principal phases is [[Amavasya|Amāvásyā]] ({{Langx|sa|अमावस्या}}), the day of the [[new moon]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Amavasya: a gateway to spiritual renewal and new beginnings | website= [[Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/astrology/others/amavasya-a-gateway-to-spiritual-renewal-and-new-beginnings/articleshow/110076523.cms |date=13 May 2024}}</ref>

==''Paksha'' fortnights==
The second and fourth phases (the quarters) are less significant, marking only the midpoints of the [[Paksha]] ({{langx|sa|पक्ष|translit=pakṣa}}), the fourteen days on either side of the full moon. There are two pakshas: the first is the 'brightening' (''Shukla'') of the moon, as it changes from new to full; the second is the 'darkening' (''Krishna''), as it changes from full to new.<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding Shukla Paksha and Krishna Paksha: Significance and Differences |website=mPanchang |url=https://www.mpanchang.com/articles/astrology/difference-between-shukla-paksha-and-krishna-paksha/ |date=20 December 2024}}</ref>

The first day of a ''paksha'' is called a ''[[Pratipada]]'' ({{Langx|sa|प्रतिपदा|translit=Pratipadā}}) or ''Prathama'' ({{Langx|sa|प्रथमा|translit=Prathamā}}) and thus there are two of these days (the first and usually the fifteenth of the lunar month).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Verma |first=Manish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4gzFFLdBoYC&dq=pratipada+first+lunar+day&pg=PA52-IA3 |title=Fasts and Festivals of India |date=2013 |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. |isbn=978-81-7182-076-4 |pages=52 |language=en}}</ref>

==Full moon==
The third phase is [[Purnima|Pūrṇimā]] ({{Langx|sa|पूर्णिमा}}), the day of the [[full moon]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Vasanta Purnima | website=rudraksha-ratna.com |url=https://www.rudraksha-ratna.com/articles/vasanta-purnima?srsltid=AfmBOorcCT-etpx8FlT7SeOeLVu0AUxTx11abrWicg5Gy_ql29E2lL9D }}</ref>

==Calendrical significance==
In the ''pūrṇimānta māna'' [[Hindu calendar|Hindu lunisolar calendar]] used in most parts of the [[Indian subcontinent]], the lunar month starts on the day following the full moon and therefore Amāvásyā always falls in the middle of the month. However, in the ''[[Hindu calendar#Another kind of lunisolar calendar|amānta māna]]'' calendar used in some places, the lunar month starts on the day of the new moon, making Amāvásyā the last day of the lunar month in those places. Many festivals, the most famous being ''[[Diwali]]'' ({{lit|the festival of lights}}), are observed on Amāvásyā.

==''Tithi'': lunar phase change in a single day==
[[File:Tithi.ogv|thumb|The astronomical basis of the Hindu lunar day]]
In [[Vedic timekeeping]], a [[tithi]] is a "duration of two faces of moon that is observed from earth".<ref name="as">{{cite book |last1=Defouw|first1=Hart |last2=Svoboda|first2=Robert |title=Light on Life: An Introduction to the Astrology of India |url=https://archive.org/details/lightonlife00hart |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=[[Lotus Press]] |isbn=0-940985-69-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/lightonlife00hart/page/186 186]}}</ref> Every day of a [[lunar month]] is called ''tithi''. This concept is significant in astrology as it maps to the moment of birth.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Hindu calendar]]
** [[Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar]]
" {{annotated link|Jantar Mantar}}
{{tithi}}


[[Category:Hindu astronomy]]
[[Category:Hindu calendar]]
[[Category:Hindu astrology]]
[[Category:Observances held on the full moon]]
[[Category:Days of the Hindu calendar]]
[[Category:Observances held on the new moon]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals]]

Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Management and Research

2025-11-15T10:17:52Z

Jameshowlett179011: put up initial info w/ sources

{{Short description|Institute in New Delhi, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}{{Infobox university
| name = Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Management & Research
| image_name =
| logo =
| established = 1992
| founder = Late Sh. [[Patangrao Kadam]]
| director = Dr. Yamini Agarwal
| chancellor = Shivajirao Kadam
| city = New Delhi
| state = Delhi
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.676|77.113|display=title,inline}}
| campus = New Delhi
| website = {{URL|http://www.bvimr.com}}
}}

'''Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Management & Research''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Management and Research, New Delhi: A Quality AICTE Boarding Education Awaits in New Delhi ( For 2025-26) {{!}} ResidentialSchools.co.in |url=https://www.residentialschools.co.in/vendor-details/bharati-vidyapeeth-institute-of-management-and-research,-new-delhi/Mjg5NA== |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=Residential Schools India}}</ref> New Delhi Established in 1992,<ref>{{cite web |title=Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Management and Research, New Delhi |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/edugraph/colleges/bharati-vidyapeeth-institute-of-management-and-research-new-delhi-bvimrnd/1762 |website=The Telegraph |access-date=7 June 2025}}</ref> Bharati Vidyapeeth University Institute of Management And Research (BVIMR), New Delhi endures the reputation of being one of the institutes imparting education in management. As a constituent unit amongst 182 institutions of Bharati Vidyapeeth family, which was founded by Hon’ble Dr. Patangraoji Kadam in 1964, the institute has over the past few years emerged.
The institute is under the ambit of Bharati Vidyapeeth University (BVU), Pune as approved by Govt. of India on the recommendation of UGC under Section 3 of UGC Act vide its letter notification No. F. 9 – 16 / 2004 – U3 dated 25 February 2005. It has been offering management & IT programmes.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.bvimr.com/}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Delhi]]
[[Category:All India Council for Technical Education]]
[[Category:Business schools in Delhi]]

{{Delhi-university-stub}}

Ambrish Mithal

2025-11-01T18:46:18Z

Jameshowlett179011:

{{Short description|Indian endocrinologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ambrish Mithal
| image = Ambrish Mittal (cropped).jpg
| caption = Mithal in 2015
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1958|3|29}}
| birth_place = Lucknow, India
| occupation = {{ublist|Endocrinologist|Diabetologist}}
| yearsactive = 27
| known for = [[Endocrinology]]
| alma_mater = [[GSVM Medical College]]
| children =
| parents =
| website = {{url|http://ambrishmithal.com/|web site}}
| awards = {{ublist|[[Padma Bhushan]]|[[Dr. B. C. Roy Award]]}}
}}

'''Ambrish Mithal''' is an Indian [[endocrinologist]] and diabetologist.<ref name="ND TV">{{cite web|url=http://doctor.ndtv.com/expert/ndtv/expertid/222/Dr_Ambrish_Mithal.html|title=ND TV|date=2015|publisher=ND TV|access-date=5 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Dr Ambrish Mithal - Haadimedics.com">{{Cite web |title=Dr Ambrish Mithal - Haadimedics.com |url=https://haadimedics.com/doctor/dr-ambrish-mithal- |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=haadimedics.com}}</ref> He secured MBBS from [[GSVM Medical College]], master's degree (DM) from the [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi]]. Then he worked at [[Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences]], Lucknow<ref name="Dr Ambrish Mithal – ISBMR">{{Cite web |title=Dr Ambrish Mithal – ISBMR |url=http://isbmr.org/office-bearers/dr-ambrish-mithal/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> and, later, at Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi<ref name="Sehat">{{cite web|url=https://www.sehat.com/dr-ambrish-mithal-endocrinologist-gurgaon|title=Sehat|date=2015|publisher=Sehat|access-date=5 February 2015}}</ref> before joining Medanta the Medicity as Chairman, Division of [[Medanta|Endocrinology and Diabetes]]<ref name="Sehat" /><ref name="ND TV" /> where he worked from 2009 to 2019. Subsequently, he joined Max Health Care where he is the chairman and head of Endocrinology and Diabetes department.<ref name="Dr. Ambrish Mithal - Endocrinology & Diabetes">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Ambrish Mithal - Endocrinology & Diabetes |url=https://www.maxhealthcare.in/doctor/dr-ambrish-mithal |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=www.maxhealthcare.in |language=en}}</ref><ref name="APCO Clinical Case Discussion Platform (CCDP)">{{Cite web |title=APCO Clinical Case Discussion Platform (CCDP) |url=https://apcobonehealth.org/clinical-case-discussion-platform-ccdp/ |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=APCO |language=en-US}}</ref>

Mithal, who has published a number of articles in the field of endocrinology in journals,<ref name="Search Results : Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism">{{Cite web |title=Search Results : Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |url=https://journals.lww.com/indjem/pages/results.aspx?txtKeywords=Mithal |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=journals.lww.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Mithal - Search Results">{{PubMedAuthorSearch|Mithal|A}}</ref> was honoured by the [[Government of India]] in 2015 with [[Padma Bhushan]], the third highest Indian civilian award, for his outstanding contribution to the field of medicine.<ref name="Padma Bhushan">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114952 |title=This Year's Padma Awards announced |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |date=25 January 2015 |access-date=2 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128022143/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114952 |archive-date=28 January 2015 }}</ref><ref name="India Medical Times">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiamedicaltimes.com/2015/01/26/dr-ambrish-mithal-dr-ashok-seth-to-be-conferred-with-padma-bhushan-award/ | title=India Medical Times | publisher=India Medical Times | date=26 January 2015 | access-date=5 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423130539/http://www.indiamedicaltimes.com/2015/01/26/dr-ambrish-mithal-dr-ashok-seth-to-be-conferred-with-padma-bhushan-award/ | archive-date=23 April 2017 | url-status=dead }}</ref> In September 2020, Mithal became the first Indian to be chosen for the Laureate Award for International Excellence in Endocrinology (2021) by the Endocrine Society (US).<ref name="Noted Indian Doctor Ambrish Mithal Wins Global Honour">{{Cite web |title=Noted Indian Doctor Ambrish Mithal Wins Global Honour |url=https://newsmobile.in/articles/2021/03/12/noted-indian-doctor-ambrish-mithal-wins-global-honour/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=newsmobile.in|date=12 March 2021 }}</ref><ref name="Meet the 2021 Laureates: Ambrish Mithal, MD, DM">{{Cite web |last=Newman |first=Mark |date=2021-03-04 |title=Meet the 2021 Laureates: Ambrish Mithal, MD, DM |url=https://endocrinenews.endocrine.org/meet-the-2021-laureates-ambrish-mithal-md-dm/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Endocrine News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mithal was awarded the International Osteoporosis Foundation President's award in March 2016.<ref name="President's Awards - International Osteoporosis Foundation">{{Cite web |title=President's Awards - International Osteoporosis Foundation |url=https://www.osteoporosis.foundation/what-we-do/science-and-research/presidents-awards |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=www.osteoporosis.foundation |language=en}}</ref> In March 2017, Mithal was awarded the [[Dr. B. C. Roy Award]] by the President of India (for the year 2015) for his contribution to the development of endocrinology in India.<ref name="B C Roy Award 2015">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-30 |title=B C Roy Award 2015 |url=https://presidentofindia.nic.in/writereaddata/Portal/PressRelease/2833/1_BC_ROY.pdf}}</ref><ref name="President of India Presents Dr BC Roy Awards for the years 2014, 2015 and 2016">{{Cite web |last=Singhania |first=Meghna A. |date=2017-03-28 |title=President of India Presents Dr BC Roy Awards for the years 2014, 2015 and 2016 |url=https://medicaldialogues.in/president-of-india-presents-dr-bc-roy-awards-for-the-years-2014-2015-and-2016 |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=medicaldialogues.in |language=en}}</ref> He is also a recipient of the Fogarty Fellowship of Harvard Medical School (1992-93), JICA fellowship (1996), Boy Frame Award of the [[American Society for Bone and Mineral Research]] (2004), IOF Amgen Health Professionals Award (2005) and the Indian Medical Association Academy of Medical Sciences Award (2007).<ref name="Dr Ambrish Mithal – ISBMR" /> He is also a fellow of the [[American Society for Bone and Mineral Research]].<ref name="2021 Class of Fellows">{{Cite web |date=2021-06-22 |title=2021 Class of Fellows |url=https://www.asbmr.org/2021-class-of-fellows |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=American Society for Bone and Mineral Research |language=en}}</ref>

== Selected articles ==
* {{cite journal |last1=Mithal |first1=Ambrish |last2=Dharmalingam |first2=Mala |last3=Tewari |first3=Neeraj |title=Are patients with primary hypothyroidism in India receiving appropriate thyroxine replacement? An observational study |journal=Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |date=2014 |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=83–88 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.126582 |doi-access=free |pmid=24701435 |pmc=3968739 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Gupta |first1=Nitin |last2=Farooqui |first2=KhalidJ |last3=Batra |first3=ChandarM |last4=Marwaha |first4=RamanK |last5=Mithal |first5=Ambrish |title=Effect of oral versus intramuscular Vitamin D replacement in apparently healthy adults with Vitamin D deficiency |journal=Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |date=2017 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=131–136 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.196007 |doi-access=free |pmid=28217512 |pmc=5240054 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Yedla |first1=Niharika |last2=Kuchay |first2=MohammadShafi |last3=Mithal |first3=Ambrish |title=Hemoglobin E disease and glycosylated hemoglobin |journal=Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |date=2015 |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=683–685 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.163211 |doi-access=free |pmid=26425484 |pmc=4566355 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Bano |first1=Tarannum |last2=Mishra |first2=SunilKumar |last3=Kuchay |first3=MohammadShafi |last4=Mehta |first4=Yatin |last5=Trehan |first5=Naresh |last6=Sharma |first6=Pooja |last7=Singh |first7=ManishKumar |last8=Mithal |first8=Ambrish |title=Continuation of metformin till night before surgery and lactate levels in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery |journal=Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |date=2019 |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=416–421 |doi=10.4103/ijem.IJEM_114_19 |doi-access=free |pmid=31741899 |pmc=6844171 }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Marwaha |first1=Raman K. |last2=Garg |first2=M. K. |last3=Mithal |first3=A. |last4=Gupta |first4=Sushil |last5=Shukla |first5=Manoj |last6=Chadha |first6=Aditi |date=2023-12-30 |title=Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Turnover Markers in Children and Adolescents from North India |journal=Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=27–34 |language=en-US |doi=10.4103/ijem.IJEM_149_18|doi-access=free |pmid=31016149 |pmc=6446672 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Kaur |first1=Parjeet |last2=Mahendru |first2=Shama |last3=Mithal |first3=Ambrish |title=Long-term efficacy of liraglutide in Indian patients with Type 2 diabetes in a real-world setting |journal=Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |date=2016 |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=595–599 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.183825 |doi-access=free |pmid=27730066 |pmc=5040036 }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Kuchay |first1=Mohammad Shafi |last2=Mithal |first2=Ambrish |date=2023-12-30 |title=Levosulpiride and Serum Prolactin Levels |journal=Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=355–358 |language=en-US |doi=10.4103/ijem.IJEM_555_16|doi-access=free |pmid=28459037 |pmc=5367242 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Wasir |first1=JasjeetS |last2=Mithal |first2=Ambrish |last3=Agarwal |first3=Paras |last4=Mittal |first4=Apeksha |title=Once weekly dulaglutide therapy in type 2 diabetic subjects, real-world evidence from a tertiary care diabetes center in India |journal=Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |date=2018 |volume=22 |issue=6 |pages=728–734 |doi=10.4103/ijem.IJEM_424_18 |doi-access=free |pmid=30766809 |pmc=6330857 }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Gill |first1=Harmandeep Kaur |last2=Kaur |first2=Parjeet |last3=Mahendru |first3=Shama |last4=Mithal |first4=Ambrish |date=2023-12-30 |title=Adverse Effect Profile and Effectiveness of Sodium Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i) - A Prospective Real-world Setting Study |journal=Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=50–55 |language=en-US |doi=10.4103/ijem.IJEM_566_18|doi-access=free |pmid=31016153 |pmc=6446693 }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Dutta |first1=Aditya |last2=Mahendru |first2=Shama |last3=Sharma |first3=Rutuja |last4=Singh |first4=Anshu |last5=Jain |first5=Anjali |last6=Jevalikar |first6=Ganesh |last7=Mithal |first7=Ambrish |date=2023-12-30 |title=Video Consultation Versus In-Person Clinic Visit for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes during COVID-19 Pandemic (VIP-CD Study) |journal=Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |volume=25 |issue=5 |pages=427–431 |language=en-US |doi=10.4103/ijem.ijem_347_21|doi-access=free |pmid=35300446 |pmc=8923318 }}

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Endocrinology]]
* [[Diabetes|Diabetology]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Medicine}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web |date=2023-12-27 |title=Worried about rising blood sugar levels? A doctor suggests 10 ways to get rid of sugar cravings |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/health-wellness/diabetes-obesity-fatty-liver-what-causes-sugar-craving-9084360/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}
* {{Cite web |date=2023-12-27 |title=Worried about rising blood sugar levels? A doctor suggests 10 ways to get rid of sugar cravings |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/health-wellness/diabetes-obesity-fatty-liver-what-causes-sugar-craving-9084360/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}
* {{Cite web |date=2023-12-13 |title=Diabetes check: Why you need an hour's walk or a 20-minute run to burn a 50 gm slice of cake |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/health-wellness/diabetes-check-hours-walk-run-burn-cake-9066103/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}
* {{Cite web |date=2023-11-29 |title=Don't be in diabetes denial, watch your diet, weight |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/health-wellness/why-link-you-weigh-you-eat-manage-diabetes-9046724/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}
* {{Cite web |title=Understanding Diabetes in Adults and Children - Dr. Ambrish Mithal - Max Hospital, Gurugram | website=[[YouTube]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VW7yF0i7Z04 |access-date=2023-12-30 |language=en}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mithal, Ambrish}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in medicine]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian endocrinologists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Indian diabetologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Dr. B. C. Roy Award winners]]

Srinivasa Perumal Temple, Egmore

2025-10-25T00:08:22Z

Jameshowlett179011: added a location v1

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Chennai}}
{{Multiple issues|{{more footnotes needed|date=October 2022}}{{notability|Geography|date=October 2022}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox temple
|name = Srinivasa Perumal Temple, Egmore
|image =
|image_alt =
|image_caption =
|pushpin_map =
|map_caption =
|coordinates = {{coord|13.075505|N|80.254582|E|display=inline,title}}
|country = [[India]]
|state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
|district = [[Chennai district]]
|location = [[Egmore]]
|elevation_m = 33
|festivals = Brahmotsav, Vaikunta Ekadasi, Pavithrotsav, Tamil New year day
|architecture =
|website = hrce.tn.gov.in
}}

'''Srinivasa Perumal Temple, Egmore'''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=Srinivasa+Perumal+Temple,+Egmore&tbm=bks |title=Srinivasa Perumal Temple, Egmore - Google Search}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Commission |first=India Hindu Religious Endowments |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3WfNAAAAMAAJ&q=srinivasa+perumal+temple,+egmore |title=Report, 1960-1962 |date=1962 |publisher=Government of India, Ministry of Law |language=en}}</ref> which is maintained under the control of [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arulmigu Srinivasa Perumal Temple, Egmore, Chennai - 600008, Chennai District [TM000051], Arulmigu Narayana perumal, Arulmigu Narayana perumal, Arulmigu Padmavathi Thayar |url=https://hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/index_temple.php?tid=51 |access-date=2022-10-15 |website=hrce.tn.gov.in}}</ref> [[Government of Tamil Nadu]], is a [[Perumal temple]] situated in [[Egmore]] neighbourhood in [[Chennai district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] in [[India]]. It was previously called as Lakshmi Narayana Perumal Temple and hence the name Lakshmi Narayana Perumal street, where the temple is located. This temple is 600 years old.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Much in common with Thirumala-Thirupati temples |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2018/nov/15/much-in-common-with--thirumala-thirupati-temples-1898222.html |access-date=2022-10-16}}</ref> The presiding deity is Srinivasa Perumal. Goddess is Padmavathi. 'Vimanam' above the sanctum is said as 'Anantha Vimanam'. The temple tower is of 3 tiers. Balipeedam, Dwajasthambam and Garudaazhwaar shrine are found facing the sanctum. The main deity is in the standing posture. Upper hand on the right side holds the Chakra, and on the left side, the sangu is held and on the lower hand at left side shows 'kati hasta' (rests on hip) and right side shows 'abhaya mudra'. Sages such as Visvamithra, Gowthama and Sthuthi worshipped this temple.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

== Location ==
Located at an altitude of 33 m above the mean sea level, the geographical coordinates of this temple are: 13°04'31.8"N, 80°15'16.5"E (i.e. 13.075505°N, 80.254582°E).

== Commercial complex ==
On Poonamallee High road, on the land of about 42,000 sq.ft., near [[Kilpauk Medical College metro station]],<ref>{{Cite news |author=Shanmughasundaram J.|date=12 Oct 2021 |title=Commercial buildings to come up on temple land in Tamil Nadu > Chennai News - Times of India |language=en |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/commercial-buildings-to-come-up-on-temple-land-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/86955914.cms |access-date=2022-10-16}}</ref> where the land belonging to this temple, a commercial complex, would be constructed to ensure a steady income for the temple.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-08-04 |title=Colleges to come up on lands belonging to temples, says TN Minister |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/colleges-to-come-up-on-lands-belonging-to-temples-says-tn-minister/article35717859.ece |access-date=2022-10-16 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> At a cost of ₹50 crore, the commercial complex would be set up.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tamil Nadu government to revive 'excess gold' scheme for increasing temples' revenues |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/sep/05/tamil-nadu-government-to-revive-excess-gold-schemefor-increasing-temples-revenues-2354476.html |access-date=2022-10-16}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Perumal temples in Chennai district]]

List of constituencies of the Odisha Legislative Assembly

2025-10-06T13:17:40Z

Jameshowlett179011: Refined content and updated sections

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Odisha Legislative Assembly
| native_name = Odishā Vidhān Sabhā
| logo_pic = Odisha Vidhan Sabha Logo.png
| logo_res = 300px
| house_type = [[Unicameral]]
| term_limits = 5 years
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting]]
| last_election1 = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| next_election1 = [[Next Odisha Legislative Assembly election|by May 2029]]
| session_room = Odisha Vidhan Soudha.jpg
| session_res =
| meeting_place = Odisha Vidhan Soudha, [[Bhubaneshwar]], [[Odisha]]
| website = {{url|https://assembly.odisha.gov.in}}
}}
The [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] is the [[unicameral]] state legislature of [[Odisha]] state in [[India]]. The seat of the [[Legislative Assembly]] is at [[Bhubaneswar]], the capital of the state. It is composed of [[List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha|147]] [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Members of Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/orissa-w.htm |title=Orissa Legislative Assembly |work=legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in |year=2005 |quote=The strength of Assembly was later increased to 147 with effect from the Sixth Legislative Assembly (1974). |access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref>

== Constituencies ==
[[File:Wahlkreise zur Vidhan Sabha von Odisha.svg|thumb|400x400px|Map of assembly constituencies]]
The following is the list of constituencies of the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/146-archive-delimitation-orders/|title=Archive DelimitatioCommission of India|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-05-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/7272-orissa/|title=Orissa|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-05-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://odishaassembly.nic.in/MLAprof.aspx|title=member profile|website=odishaassembly.nic.in|access-date=2019-05-29}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!#
!Constituency
!Reservation
![[List of districts of Odisha|District]]
!Lok Sabha constituency
|-
| 1
| [[Padampur Assembly constituency|Padampur]]
| rowspan="3" |None
| rowspan=5 |[[Bargarh district|Bargarh]]
| rowspan=7 |[[Bargarh Lok Sabha constituency|Bargarh]]
|-
| 2
| [[Bijepur Assembly constituency|Bijepur]]
|-
| 3
| [[Bargarh Assembly constituency|Bargarh]]
|-
| 4
| [[Attabira Assembly constituency|Attabira]]
|SC
|-
| 5
| [[Bhatli Assembly constituency|Bhatli]]
| rowspan="3" |None
|-
| 6
| [[Brajarajnagar Assembly constituency|Brajarajnagar]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Jharsuguda district|Jharsuguda]]
|-
| 7
| [[Jharsuguda Assembly constituency|Jharsuguda]]
|-
| 8
| [[Talsara Assembly constituency|Talsara]]
| rowspan="3" |ST
| rowspan=7 |[[Sundargarh district|Sundargarh]]
| rowspan=7 | [[Sundargarh Lok Sabha constituency|Sundargarh]]
|-
| 9
| [[Sundargarh Assembly constituency|Sundargarh]]
|-
| 10
| [[Biramitrapur Assembly constituency|Biramitrapur]]
|-
| 11
| [[Raghunathpali Assembly constituency|Raghunathpali]]
|SC
|-
| 12
| [[Rourkela Assembly constituency|Rourkela]]
|None
|-
| 13
| [[Rajgangpur Assembly constituency|Rajgangpur]]
| rowspan="3" |ST
|-
| 14
| [[Bonai Assembly constituency|Bonai]]
|-
| 15
| [[Kuchinda Assembly constituency|Kuchinda]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]]
| rowspan=5 |[[Sambalpur Lok Sabha constituency|Sambalpur]]
|-
| 16
| [[Rengali Assembly constituency|Rengali]]
|SC
|-
| 17
| [[Sambalpur Assembly constituency|Sambalpur]]
| rowspan="3" |None
|-
| 18
| [[Rairakhol Assembly constituency|Rairakhol]]
|-
| 19
| [[Deogarh Assembly constituency|Deogarh]]
| [[Deogarh district|Deogarh]]
|-
| 20
| [[Telkoi Assembly constituency|Telkoi]]
|ST
| rowspan=6 |[[Keonjhar district|Keonjhar]]
| rowspan=6 | [[Keonjhar Lok Sabha constituency|Keonjhar]]
|-
| 21
| [[Ghasipura Assembly constituency|Ghasipura]]
|None
|-
| 22
| [[Anandapur Assembly constituency|Anandpur]]
|SC
|-
| 23
| [[Patna Assembly constituency|Patna]]
| rowspan="2" |ST
|-
| 24
| [[Keonjhar Assembly constituency|Keonjhar]]
|-
| 25
| [[Champua Assembly constituency|Champua]]
|None
|-
| 26
| [[Jashipur Assembly constituency|Jashipur]]
| rowspan="6" |ST
| rowspan=9 |[[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]]
| rowspan=4 | [[Mayurbhanj Lok Sabha constituency|Mayurbhanj]]
|-
| 27
| [[Saraskana Assembly constituency|Saraskana]]
|-
| 28
| [[Rairangpur Assembly constituency|Rairangpur]]
|-
| 29
| [[Bangriposi Assembly constituency|Bangriposi]]
|-
| 30
| [[Karanjia Assembly constituency|Karanjia]]
|[[Keonjhar Lok Sabha constituency|Keonjhar]]
|-
| 31
| [[Udala Assembly constituency|Udala]]
|[[Mayurbhanj Lok Sabha constituency|Mayurbhanj]]
|-
| 32
| [[Badasahi Assembly constituency|Badasahi]]
|SC
| [[Balasore Lok Sabha constituency|Balasore]]
|-
| 33
| [[Baripada Assembly constituency|Baripada]]
|ST
| rowspan=2 |[[Mayurbhanj Lok Sabha constituency|Mayurbhanj]]
|-
| 34
| [[Morada Assembly constituency|Morada]]
| rowspan="5" |None
|-
| 35
| [[Jaleswar, Odisha Assembly constituency|Jaleswar]]
| rowspan="8" |[[Balasore district|Balasore]]
| rowspan=6 |[[Balasore Lok Sabha constituency|Balasore]]
|-
| 36
| [[Bhograi Assembly constituency|Bhograi]]
|-
| 37
| [[Basta Assembly constituency|Basta]]
|-
| 38
| [[Balasore Assembly constituency|Balasore]]
|-
| 39
| [[Remuna Assembly constituency|Remuna]]
|SC
|-
| 40
| [[Nilgiri Assembly constituency|Nilgiri]]
|None
|-
| 41
| [[Soro Assembly constituency|Soro]]
|SC
| rowspan=7 | [[Bhadrak Lok Sabha constituency|Bhadrak]]
|-
| 42
| [[Simulia Assembly constituency|Simulia]]
| rowspan="4" |None
|-
| 43
| [[Bhandaripokhari Assembly constituency|Bhandaripokhari]]
| rowspan="5" | [[Bhadrak district|Bhadrak]]
|-
| 44
| [[Bhadrak Assembly constituency|Bhadrak]]
|-
| 45
| [[Basudevpur Assembly constituency|Basudevpur]]
|-
| 46
| [[Dhamnagar Assembly constituency|Dhamnagar]]
| SC
|-
| 47
| [[Chandabali Assembly constituency|Chandabali]]
| None
|-
| 48
| [[Binjharpur Assembly constituency|Binjharpur]]
|SC
| rowspan=7 |[[Jajpur district|Jajpur]]
| rowspan=7 |[[Jajpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jajpur]]
|-
| 49
| [[Bari, Odisha Assembly constituency|Bari]]
| rowspan="7" |None
|-
| 50
| [[Barchana Assembly constituency|Barchana]]
|-
| 51
| [[Dharmasala Assembly constituency|Dharmasala]]
|-
| 52
| [[Jajpur Assembly constituency|Jajpur]]
|-
| 53
| [[Korei Assembly constituency|Korei]]
|-
| 54
| [[Sukinda Assembly constituency|Sukinda]]
|-
| 55
| [[Dhenkanal Assembly constituency|Dhenkanal]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]]
| rowspan=7 | [[Dhenkanal Lok Sabha constituency|Dhenkanal]]
|-
| 56
| [[Hindol Assembly constituency|Hindol]]
|SC
|-
| 57
| [[Kamakhyanagar Assembly constituency|Kamakshyanagar]]
| rowspan="5" |None
|-
| 58
| [[Parjanga Assembly constituency|Parjanga]]
|-
| 59
| [[Pallahara Assembly constituency|Pallahara]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Angul district|Angul]]
|-
| 60
| [[Talcher Assembly constituency|Talcher]]
|-
| 61
| [[Angul Assembly constituency|Angul]]
|-
| 62
| [[Chhendipada Assembly constituency|Chhendipada]]
|SC
| rowspan=2 |[[Sambalpur Lok Sabha constituency|Sambalpur]]
|-
| 63
| [[Athmallik Assembly constituency|Athmallik]]
|None
|-
| 64
| [[Birmaharajpur Assembly constituency|Birmaharajpur]]
|SC
| rowspan=2 |[[Subarnapur district|Subarnapur]]
| rowspan=7 |[[Bolangir Lok Sabha constituency|Bolangir]]
|-
| 65
| [[Sonepur Assembly constituency|Sonepur]]
|None
|-
| 66
| [[Loisingha Assembly constituency|Loisingha]]
|SC
| rowspan=5 |[[Balangir district|Balangir]]
|-
| 67
| [[Patnagarh Assembly constituency|Patnagarh]]
| rowspan="6" |None
|-
| 68
| [[Bolangir Assembly constituency|Bolangir]]
|-
| 69
| [[Titlagarh Assembly constituency|Titlagarh]]
|-
| 70
| [[Kantabanji Assembly constituency|Kantabanji]]
|-
| 71
| [[Nuapada Assembly constituency|Nuapada]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Nuapada district|Nuapada]]
| rowspan=2 | [[Kalahandi Lok Sabha constituency|Kalahandi]]
|-
| 72
| [[Khariar Assembly constituency|Khariar]]
|-
| 73
| [[Umerkote Assembly constituency|Umerkote]]
| rowspan="5" |ST
| rowspan=4 |[[Nabarangpur district|Nabarangpur]]
| rowspan=4 |[[Nabarangpur Lok Sabha constituency|Nabarangpur]]
|-
| 74
| [[Jharigam Assembly constituency|Jharigam]]
|-
| 75
| [[Nabarangpur Assembly constituency|Nabarangpur]]
|-
| 76
| [[Dabugam Assembly constituency|Dabugam]]
|-
| 77
| [[Lanjigarh Assembly constituency|Lanjigarh]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]]
| rowspan=5 | [[Kalahandi Lok Sabha constituency|Kalahandi]]
|-
| 78
| [[Junagarh Assembly constituency|Junagarh]]
| rowspan="2" |None
|-
| 79
| [[Dharmagarh Assembly constituency|Dharmagarh]]
|-
| 80
| [[Bhawanipatna Assembly constituency|Bhawanipatna]]
|SC
|-
| 81
| [[Narla Assembly constituency|Narla]]
|None
|-
| 82
| [[Baliguda Assembly constituency|Baliguda]]
| rowspan="3" |ST
| rowspan=3 |[[Kandhamal district|Kandhamal]]
| rowspan=5 |[[Kandhamal Lok Sabha constituency|Kandhamal]]
|-
| 83
| [[G. Udayagiri Assembly constituency|G. Udayagiri]]
|-
| 84
| [[Phulbani Assembly constituency|Phulbani]]
|-
| 85
| [[Kantamal Assembly constituency|Kantamal]]
| rowspan="7" |None
| rowspan=2 |[[Boudh district|Boudh]]
|-
| 86
| [[Boudh Assembly constituency|Boudh]]
|-
| 87
| [[Baramba Assembly constituency|Baramba]]
| rowspan="9" |[[Cuttack district|Cuttack]]
| rowspan=5 | [[Cuttack Lok Sabha constituency|Cuttack]]
|-
| 88
| [[Banki Assembly constituency|Banki]]
|-
| 89
| [[Athagarh Assembly constituency|Athgarh]]
|-
| 90
| [[Barabati-Cuttack Assembly constituency|Barabati-Cuttack]]
|-
| 91
| [[Choudwar-Cuttack Assembly constituency|Choudwar-Cuttack]]
|-
| 92
| [[Niali Assembly constituency|Niali]]
| rowspan="2" |SC
|[[Jagatsinghpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jagatsinghpur]]
|-
| 93
| [[Cuttack Sadar Assembly constituency|Cuttack Sadar]]
|[[Cuttack Lok Sabha constituency|Cuttack]]
|-
| 94
| [[Salipur Assembly constituency|Salepur]]
| rowspan="3" |None
| rowspan=7 |[[Kendrapara Lok Sabha constituency|Kendrapara]]
|-
| 95
| [[Mahanga Assembly constituency|Mahanga]]
|-
| 96
| [[Patkura Assembly constituency|Patkura]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Kendrapara district|Kendrapara]]
|-
| 97
| [[Kendrapara Assembly constituency|Kendrapara]]
|SC
|-
| 98
| [[Aul Assembly constituency|Aul]]
| rowspan="4" |None
|-
| 99
| [[Rajanagar Assembly constituency|Rajanagar]]
|-
| 100
| [[Mahakalapada Assembly constituency|Mahakalapada]]
|-
| 101
| [[Paradeep Assembly constituency|Paradeep]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Jagatsinghpur district|Jagatsinghpur]]
| rowspan=6 | [[Jagatsinghpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jagatsinghpur]]
|-
| 102
| [[Tirtol Assembly constituency|Tirtol]]
|SC
|-
| 103
| [[Balikuda-Erasama Assembly constituency|Balikuda-Erasama]]
| rowspan="2" |None
|-
| 104
| [[Jagatsinghpur Assembly constituency|Jagatsinghpur]]
|-
| 105
| [[Kakatpur Assembly constituency|Kakatpur]]
|SC
| rowspan=6 |[[Puri district|Puri]]
|-
| 106
| [[Nimapara Assembly constituency|Nimapara]]
| rowspan="5" |None
|-
| 107
| [[Puri Assembly constituency|Puri]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Puri Lok Sabha constituency|Puri]]
|-
| 108
| [[Brahmagiri Assembly constituency|Brahmagiri]]
|-
| 109
| [[Satyabadi Assembly constituency|Satyabadi]]
|-
| 110
| [[Pipili Assembly constituency|Pipili]]
|-
| 111
| [[Jayadev Assembly constituency|Jayadev]]
|SC
| rowspan=8 |[[Khurda district|Khurda]]
| rowspan=7 | [[Bhubaneswar Lok Sabha constituency|Bhubaneshwar]]
|-
| 112
| [[Bhubaneswar Central Assembly constituency|Bhubaneswar Central]]
| rowspan="9" |None
|-
| 113
| [[Bhubaneswar North Assembly constituency|Bhubaneswar North]]
|-
| 114
| [[Ekamra-Bhubaneswar Assembly constituency|Ekamra Bhubaneswar]]
|-
| 115
| [[Jatani Assembly constituency|Jatani]]
|-
| 116
| [[Begunia Assembly constituency|Begunia]]
|-
| 117
| [[Khurda Assembly constituency|Khurda]]
|-
| 118
| [[Chilika Assembly constituency|Chilika]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Puri Lok Sabha constituency|Puri]]
|-
| 119
| [[Ranpur Assembly constituency|Ranpur]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Nayagarh district|Nayagarh]]
|-
| 120
| [[Khandapada Assembly constituency|Khandapada]]
|[[Cuttack Lok Sabha constituency|Cuttack]]
|-
| 121
| [[Daspalla Assembly constituency|Daspalla]]
|SC
|[[Kandhamal Lok Sabha constituency|Kandhamal]]
|-
| 122
| [[Nayagarh Assembly constituency|Nayagarh]]
| rowspan="4" |None
|[[Puri Lok Sabha constituency|Puri]]
|-
| 123
| [[Bhanjanagar Assembly constituency|Bhanjanagar]]
| rowspan="13" |[[Ganjam district|Ganjam]]
|[[Kandhamal Lok Sabha constituency|Kandhamal]]
|-
| 124
| [[Polasara Assembly constituency|Polasara]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Aska Lok Sabha constituency|Aska]]
|-
| 125
| [[Kabisuryanagar Assembly constituency|Kabisuryanagar]]
|-
| 126
| [[Khalikote Assembly constituency|Khalikote]]
| rowspan="2" |SC
|-
| 127
| [[Chhatrapur Assembly constituency|Chhatrapur]]
|[[Berhampur Lok Sabha constituency|Berhampur]]
|-
| 128
| [[Aska Assembly constituency|Aska]]
| rowspan="8" |None
| rowspan=4 |[[Aska Lok Sabha constituency|Aska]]
|-
| 129
| [[Surada Assembly constituency|Surada]]
|-
| 130
| [[Sanakhemundi Assembly constituency|Sanakhemundi]]
|-
| 131
| [[Hinjili Assembly constituency|Hinjili]]
|-
| 132
| [[Gopalpur, Odisha Assembly constituency|Gopalpur]]
| rowspan="6" | [[Berhampur Lok Sabha constituency|Berhampur]]
|-
| 133
| [[Berhampur Assembly constituency|Berhampur]]
|-
| 134
| [[Digapahandi Assembly constituency|Digapahandi]]
|-
| 135
| [[Chikiti Assembly constituency|Chikiti]]
|-
| 136
| [[Mohana Assembly constituency|Mohana]]
|ST
| rowspan=2 |[[Gajapati district|Gajapati]]
|-
| 137
| [[Paralakhemundi Assembly constituency|Paralakhemundi]]
|None
|-
| 138
| [[Gunupur Assembly constituency|Gunupur]]
| rowspan="5" |ST
| rowspan=3 |[[Rayagada district|Rayagada]]
| rowspan=4 |[[Koraput Lok Sabha constituency|Koraput]]
|-
| 139
| [[Bissam Cuttack Assembly constituency|Bissam Cuttack]]
|-
| 140
| [[Rayagada Assembly constituency|Rayagada]]
|-
| 141
| [[Laxmipur Assembly constituency|Laxmipur]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Koraput district|Koraput]]
|-
| 142
| [[Kotpad Assembly constituency|Kotpad]]
| [[Nabarangpur Lok Sabha constituency|Nabarangpur]]
|-
| 143
| [[Jeypore Assembly constituency|Jeypore]]
|None
| rowspan=3 |[[Koraput Lok Sabha constituency|Koraput]]
|-
| 144
| [[Koraput Assembly constituency|Koraput]]
| SC
|-
| 145
| [[Pottangi Assembly constituency|Pottangi]]
| rowspan="3" |ST
|-
| 146
| [[Malkangiri Assembly constituency|Malkangiri]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Malkangiri district|Malkangiri]]
| rowspan=2 |[[Nabarangpur Lok Sabha constituency|Nabarangpur]]
|-
| 147
| [[Chitrakonda Assembly constituency|Chitrakonda]]
|}

==Former constituencies==
The following is the list of former constituencies of the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!#
!Constituency
![[List of districts of Odisha|District]]
!Established
!Abolished
|-
| 1
| [[Bahalda Assembly constituency|Bahalda]] (ST)
| [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]]
| 1951
| 2008
|-
| 2
| [[Baisinga Assembly constituency|Baisinga]] (ST)
| [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]]
| 1957
| 2008
|-
| 3
| [[Balipatna Assembly constituency|Balipatna]] (SC)
| [[Khordha district|Khordha]]
| 1961
| 2008
|-
| 4
| [[Bamra Assembly constituency|Bamra]]
| [[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]]
| 1951
| 1957
|-
| 5
| [[Bhubaneswar Assembly constituency|Bhubaneswar]]
| [[Khordha district|Khordha]]
| 1951
| 2008
|-
| 6
| [[Binka Assembly constituency|Binka]]
| [[Subarnapur district|Subarnapur]]
| 1951
| 2008
|-
| 7
| [[Bisra Assembly constituency|Bisra]] (ST)
| [[Sundergarh district|Sundargarh]]
| 1951
| 1973
|-
| 8
| [[Cuttack City Assembly constituency|Cuttack City]]
| [[Cuttack district|Cuttack]]
| 1951
| 2008
|-
| 9
| [[Ersama Assembly constituency|Ersama]]
| [[Jagatsinghpur district|Jagatsinghpur]]
| 1951
| 2008
|-
| 10
| [[Gobindpur, Odisha Assembly constituency|Gobindpur]]
| [[Cuttack district|Cuttack]]
| 1961
| 2008
|-
| 11
| [[Gondia, Odisha Assembly constituency|Gondia]]
| [[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]]
| 1961
| 2008
|-
| 12
| [[Jaganathprasad Assembly constituency|Jaganathprasad]] (SC)
| [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]]
| 1951
| 2008
|-
| 13
| [[Kaptipada Assembly constituency|Kaptipada]] (ST)
| [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]]
| 1951
| 1957
|-
| 14
| [[Kesinga Assembly constituency|Kesinga]]
| [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]]
| 1967
| 2008
|-
| 15
| [[Khunta Assembly constituency|Khunta]] (ST)
| [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]]
| 1951
| 2008
|-
| 16
| [[Kissannagar Assembly Constituency|Kissannagar]]
| [[Cuttack district|Cuttack]]
| 1951
| 2008
|-
| 17
| [[Kodala Assembly constituency|Kodala]]
| [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]]
| 1951
| 2008
|-
| 18
| [[Kodinga Assembly constituency|Kodinga]] (ST)
| [[Nabarangpur district|Nabarangpur]]
| 1967
| 2008
|-
| 19
| [[Koksara Assembly constituency|Koksara]]
| [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]]
| 1961
| 2008
|-
| 20
| [[Kuliana Assembly constituency|Kuliana]] (ST)
| [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]]
| 1974
| 2008
|-
| 21
| [[Laikera Assembly constituency|Laikera]] (ST)
| [[Jharsuguda district|Jharsuguda]]
| 1967
| 2008
|-
| 22
| [[Melchhamunda Assembly constituency|Melchhamunda]]
| [[Bargarh district|Bargarh]]
| 1971
| 2008
|-
| 23
| [[Nandapur Assembly constituency|Nandapur]] (ST)
| [[Koraput district|Koraput]]
| 1951
| 1973
|-
| 24
| [[Padua Assembly constituency|Padua]]
| [[Koraput district|Koraput]]
| 1951
| 1964
|-
| 25
| [[Panchpir Assembly constituency|Panchpir]]
| [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]]
| 1951
| 1957
|-
| 26
| [[Patamundai Assembly constituency|Patamundai]] (SC)
| [[Kendrapara district|Kendrapara]]
| 1951
| 2008
|-
| 27
| [[Ramagiri Assembly constituency|Ramagiri]] (ST)
| [[Gajapati district|Gajapati]]
| 1961
| 2008
|-
|28
| [[Ramchandrapur Assembly Constituency|Ramchandrapur]]
| [[Kendujhar district|Kendujhar]]
| 1961
| 2008
|-
| 29
| [[Saintala Assembly constituency|Saintala]]
| [[Balangir district|Balangir]]
| 1961
| 2008
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Odisha}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Lists of constituencies of legislative assemblies of Indian states|Odisha]]
[[Category:Odisha-related lists|Constituencies]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha| ]]

Rasulpur, Bardhaman

2025-08-09T20:03:33Z

Jameshowlett179011: added new stub

{{Other uses|Rasulpur (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rasulpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =Rasulpur Rly Station.jpg
| image_caption=Rasulpur railway station
| image_alt = =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.18513|N|88.02976|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5,091
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code = 03213
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bardhaman Purba (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman Purba]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Memari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Memari]]
| website = {{URL|purbabardhaman.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Rasulpur''' is a village of [[Memari I]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in [[Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision]] of [[Purba Bardhaman district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=360| height=250| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|6|20|N|87|55|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in the Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre. Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|11|4|N|88|6|12|E}} | label-pos1=top|label1=Memari | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Memari]] (M)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|8|36|N|88|9|2|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2=Alipur | numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Alipur, Purba Bardhaman]] (CT)|shape-color2=#A40000
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|6|56|N|87|48|18|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Seharabazar | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Seharabazar]] (CT)|shape-color3=#A40000
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|3|45|N|87|59|31|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Jamalpur| numbered4=R| mark-title4= [[Jamalpur, Bardhaman]] (R)| shape-color4=#C42222
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|4|43|N|87|53|22|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Raina| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Raina, Bardhaman]] (R)| shape-color5=#C42222
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|1|9|N|87|52|33|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Madhabdihi| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Madhabdihi]] (R)| shape-color6=#C42222
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|12|56|N|87|41|23|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7=Khandaghosh| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Khandaghosh]] (R)| shape-color7=#C42222
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|14|35|N|88|5|57|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Paharhati| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Paharhati]] (R)| shape-color8=#C42222
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|6|16|N|87|51|59|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Shyamsundar| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Shyamsundar]] (R)| shape-color9=#C42222
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|9|10|N|87|48|58|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10=Sagrai| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Sagrai]] (R)| shape-color10=#C42222
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|10|14|N|87|43|18|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11=Ukhrid| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Ukhrid]] (R)| shape-color11=#C42222
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|58|46|N|87|55|33|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12=Gotan| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Gotan]] (R)| shape-color12=#C42222
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|4|34|N|87|54|22|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=Maheshbati| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Maheshbati]] (R)| shape-color13=#C42222
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|8|18|N|88|2|26|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14=Masagram| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Masagram]] (R)| shape-color14=#C42222
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|11|6|N|88|1|47|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15=Rasulpur| numbered15=R| mark-title15= Rasulpur, Bardhaman (R)|shape-color15=black| label-size15=13|label-color15=black 
|mark-coord16={{coord|23.1967|87.8661}}| label16=Damodar River| label-color16 = #77A1CB| label-angle16=20| label-pos16=top| label-size16=10| mark-size16=0| mark-title16 =none
|mark-coord17={{coord|23.0486|87.6836}}| label17=Dwarakeswar River| label-color17 = #77A1CB| label-angle17=50| label-pos17=right| label-size17=10| mark-size17=0| mark-title17 =none}}

===Location===
{{coord|23.18513|N|88.02976|E|}}

===Urbanisation===
95.54% of the population of Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision live in the rural areas. Only 4.46% of the population live in the urban areas, and that is the lowest proportion of urban population amongst the four subdivisions in Purba Bardhaman district.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bardhaman | work = Table 2.2 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 25 January 2019 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref> The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
As per the [[2011 Census of India]] Rasulpur had a total population of 5,091, of which 2,550 (50%) were males and 2,541 (50%) were females. Population below 6 years was 423. The total number of literates in Rasulpur was 3,930 (84.19% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 18 March 2017 }}</ref>

==Transport==
[[File:Rasulpur Rail station.jpg|thumb|Rasulpur station]]

* [[Rasulpur railway station]] is situated on the [[Howrah-Bardhaman main line]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/howrah-barddhaman-fast-memu-local-63501/14440/1/2 |title = 63501/ Mowrah-Barddhaman Fast Memu Local |work = Time Table | publisher= indiarailinfo | access-date = 18 March 2017}}</ref>
* Kolkata-Agra [[National Highway 19 (India)|National Highway 19]] (old numbering NH 2) passes near Rasulpur.<ref name="renumber">{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date= 18 March 2017|location=New Delhi}}</ref>
* [[State Highway 13 (West Bengal)|State Highway 13]] running from Palsit (in Bardhaman district) to Dankuni (in Hooghly district), incorporating old [[Grand Trunk Road|GT Road]] in the area, passes through Rasulpur and meets NH 19 at [[Palsit]], near Rasulpur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 18 March 2017}}</ref>

==Education==
[[Rasulpur Bhuban Mohon High School]], established in 1876 at Nimo, is a Bengali-medium boys only, higher secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.icbse.com/schools/rasulpur-b-m-high-school/19092111501 | title = Rasulpur BM High School| publisher = ICBSE | access-date = 18 March 2017}}</ref>

Baidyadanga Girls High School, established in 1949, is a Bengali-medium girls only, higher secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.icbse.com/schools/baidyadanga-girls-high-school/19092111302 | title = Baidyadanga Girls High School| publisher = ICBSE | access-date = 18 March 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Purba Bardhaman District}}

[[Category:Villages in Purba Bardhaman district]]

Debesh Roy

2025-07-08T16:24:54Z

Jameshowlett179011: made first details w/ infobox!

{{Short description|Bengali writer and scholar from India (1936–2020)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Debesh Roy
| native_name =
| image =
| alma_mater = [[Ananda Chandra College]], [[University of Calcutta]]
| birth_date = 17 December 1936
| birth_place = [[Pabna]], [[British India]]
| death_date = 14 May 2020 (age 83)
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
|occupation = Writer, Scholar
|awards = [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (1990)
}}
'''Debesh Roy''' (17 December 1936 — 14 May 2020) was an Indian [[Bengali language]] writer and scholar. He is best known for his [[Sahitya Akademi Award]]-winning novel ''Teesta Parer Brittanta'' (1990).

==Early life and education ==
Roy was born in [[Pabna District|Pabna]] in [[British India]]. His family came to [[Jalpaiguri]] on 17 December 1936. His father was Khistish Roy and his mother was Aparna Roy. He had his schooling from Ananda Model School, Jalpaiguri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Debesh Roy, chronicler of Teesta lives, dies|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/debesh-roy-chronicler-of-teesta-lives-dies/cid/1773369|access-date=2020-06-28|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en}}</ref> He graduated from [[Ananda Chandra College]] in Jalpaiguri. From the time he was a student, Roy worked in the [[Students' Federation of India|student wing]] of [[Communist Party of India]]. During his such association, he learned the [[Rajbanshi dialect]]. In 1956, while studying at [[Calcutta University]], he took part in mainstream [[left-wing politics]].<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Roy was also involved with the trade union movement in Kolkata. He worked as a research fellow in the Centre for Studies in Social Science. He made his debut in the literary scene in 1955 in [[Desh (magazine)|''Desh'' magazine]]. His first book was ''Jajati''. During his five decades-long writing career, Roy was remembered for numerous books, including Borisaler Jogen Mondal, Manush Khun Kore Keno, Samay Asamayer Brittanto, and Lagan Gandhar.<ref>{{Cite news|agency=PTI|date=2020-05-15|title=Sahitya Akademi winner Debesh Roy no more|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/sahitya-akademi-winner-debesh-roy-no-more/article31587811.ece|access-date=2020-05-15|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Roy's life and works were inspired by the [[Teesta River|Teesta river]]-based [[Rajbongshi people|Rajbanshi]] Community of [[North Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=তিস্তাপারের বৃত্তান্ত রেখে চলে গেলেন দেবেশ রায়|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/calcutta/prominent-writer-debesh-roy-passed-away-dgtl-1.1149647|last=প্রতিবেদন|first=নিজস্ব|website=anandabazar.com|language=bn|access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref> He received the Sahitya Academy award in 1990 for his epic novel Teesta Parer Brittanto. He was also honoured by Bhasa Sahitya Parishad and Bhualka Purashkar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Jalpaiguri episode in Debesh Roy'slife|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/116147/7/07_chapter%202.pdf|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref>

== Publications ==
* ''Jajati''
* ''Teesta Parer Brittanto''
* ''Borisaler Jogen Mondal''
* ''Manush Khun Kore Keno''
* ''Samay Asamayer Brittanto''
* ''Lagan Gandhar''
* ''Attiyo Brittanto''
* ''Mafassali Brittanto''
* ''Tistapuran''
* ''Angina''
* ''Itihaser Lokjon''
* ''Udbasu''

==Death==
Roy suffered a massive cardiac arrest and died on 14 May 2020 at a private hospital in [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sahitya Akademi winner Debesh Roy passes away|url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/sahitya-akademi-winner-debesh-roy-passes-away|website=National Herald|language=en|access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Debesh}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Bengali]]
[[Category:Novelists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:People from Jalpaiguri]]
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]

Lilatilakam

2025-06-19T18:04:21Z

Jameshowlett179011: started a article first draft

{{short description|Treatise on grammar and poetics of Manipravalam language}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Lilatilakam
| title_orig = Līlā-tilakam
| language = [[Sanskrit]]
| country = [[India]]
| subject = Grammar and poetics of Manipravalam
| published =
| media_type = [[Manuscript]]
| orig_lang_code = sa
}}
'''''Lilatilakam''''' ([[IAST]]: ''Līlā-tilakam'', "diadem of poetry") is a 14th-century [[Sanskrit]]-language treatise on the grammar and poetics of the ''[[Manipravalam]]'' language style, a blend of Sanskrit and early Malayalam used in the [[Kerala]] region of [[India]].

== Date and authorship ==
''Lilatilakam'' is an anonymous work, generally dated to the late 14th century.{{sfn|Eva Maria Wilden|2014|p=347}} It is attested by two (possibly three) manuscripts and is not referenced by any other surviving pre-modern source.{{sfn|Rich Freeman|2003|p=443}} In 1909, Appan Thampuran published a translation of the first part of ''Lilatilakam'' in the Malayalam magazine ''Mangalodhayam.'' Later, [[Attoor Krishna Pisharody]] (A. Kṛṣṇa Piṣāraṭi) translated and published the entire treatise:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=E.S. |first=Vishnu |date=March 2024 |title=Lilathilakavum Thadeshiyathayum |url=https://keralamuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82-%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82.pdf |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=keralamuseum.org}}</ref> in 1916, he edited the Sanskrit sutras with a Malayalam translation of the original Sanskrit commentary.<ref>{{cite journal |author=John Brough |title=Līlātilaka: A Sanskrit Tract on Malayalam Grammar and Poetics |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London |volume=12 |issue=1 |year=1947 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=1 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00079970 |jstor=608992 }}</ref>

== Contents ==
''Lilatilakam'' (literally "diadem of poetry"{{sfn|Rich Freeman|2003|p=442}}) calls itself the only disciplinary treatise (''[[shastra]]'') on [[Manipravalam]], which it describes as the "union" of Sanskrit and Kerala-bhasha (the regional language spoken in Kerala).{{sfn|Rich Freeman|2003|p=448}}

The text is written in [[Sanskrit]] language, in form of a series of verses with commentary; it also features examples of Manipravalam-language verses.{{sfn|Rich Freeman|2003|p=448}} The text is divided into eight parts called ''shilpam.''<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Eva Maria Wilden |title=Manuscript, Print and Memory: Relics of the Cankam in Tamilnadu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuPmBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA347 |year=2014 |publisher=De Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-035276-4 }}
* {{cite book |author=Rich Freeman |chapter=The Literary Culture of Premodern Kerala |editor1=Sheldon Pollock |editor2=Arvind Raghunathan |title=Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak9csfpY2WoC&pg=PA22 |year=2003 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-22821-4 }}
{{refend}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Grammar books]]
[[Category:14th-century books]]
[[Category:Indian books]]
[[Category:14th-century Sanskrit literature]]
[[Category:Malayalam language]]

{{Grammar-book-stub}}

Masudur Rahman Baidya

2025-06-16T09:58:41Z

Jameshowlett179011: cleanup

{{short description|Indian swimmer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox swimmer
| name =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| full_name =
| nickname =
| nationality =
| national_team =
| birth_date = {{Birth year|1968}}
| birth_place = Ballabhpur, [[North 24 Parganas]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{death date and given age|2015|4|26|46|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], West Bengal, India
| height = 
| weight = 
| spouse =
| website =
| strokes =
| classification =
| club =
| collegeteam =
| coach =
| medaltemplates =
}}

'''Masudur Rahman Baidya''' ({{langx|bn|মাসুদুর রহমান বৈদ্য}}) (1968 – 26 April 2015) was an Indian swimmer who was the world's first [[Physical disability|physically disabled]] swimmer to swim across the [[Strait of Gibraltar]].<ref name="Hindu">{{cite web|title=Baidya conquers Strait of Gibraltar |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/09/27/stories/0727100c.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020322004403/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/09/27/stories/0727100c.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 March 2002|date=27 September 2001|website=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=26 April 2015}}</ref>

==Biography==
Masudur Rehman Baidya was born in 1968 at Ballabhpur, [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]] in [[West Bengal]] in a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] poor family.<ref name="bengalioneindia">{{cite web|url=http://bengali.oneindia.com/news/kolkata/english-channel-winning-double-amputee-swimmer-masadur-rahman-dies-005100.html|title= আকস্মিক প্রয়াত হলেন ইংলিশ চ্যানেল জয়ী সাঁতারু মাসুদুর রহমান|work=Oneindia|date= 26 April 2015|accessdate=26 April 2015}}</ref> His father was an [[imam]] of a local mosque. At the age of ten, young Masudur lost both his legs in a train mishap.<ref name="bengalioneindia"/><ref name="sangbadpratidin">{{cite web|url=http://www.sangbadpratidin.in/story/-/asset_publisher/dbQQWH2f26c3/content/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF|date=8 December 2013|title=Protidin|accessdate=26 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040051/http://www.sangbadpratidin.in/story/-/asset_publisher/dbQQWH2f26c3/content/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the year, 1989, at a swimming event organized by the ''Artificial Limb Centre'' at [[Pune]], Masudur came first in sixteen out of seventeen competitions.
In spite of his physical disabilities, he came fifth on two other events after this. On the first occasion, he swam from Panihati to Ahiritola in the heart of the [[Ganges|Ganges River]], flowing through [[Kolkata]]; and came fifth. He also stood fifth in an eighty-one kilometers long swimming competition organized in the district of [[Murshidabad]] in [[West Bengal]].<ref name="sangbadpratidin"/>
In 1997, he became the first [[Physical disability|physically disabled]] Asian swimmer to successfully cross the [[English Channel]].<ref name="telegraphindia">{{cite web|title=The man who saw a mermaid|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090802/jsp/calcutta/story_11309391.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805111714/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090802/jsp/calcutta/story_11309391.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 August 2009|date=2 August 2009|newspaper=The Telegraph|accessdate=26 April 2015}}</ref> Followed by this, in the year 2001, he became the world's first physically disabled swimmer to swim across the [[Strait of Gibraltar]]. He achieved this feat; by swimming from the [[Punta de Tarifa|Tarifa islands]] in [[Spain]] to shores of [[Morocco]]- a total distance of twenty two kilometers- in just about four hours and twenty minutes.<ref name="Hindu"/>

==Death==
In his later life, Masudur was diagnosed with [[anemia]] and owing to his limbs becoming increasingly impaired; he died on 26 April 2015 at a hospital in [[Kolkata]], aged 46.<ref name="bengalioneindia"/><ref name="Kolkata24X7">{{cite web|title=প্রয়াত মাসুদুর রহমান বৈদ্য|url=http://www.bengali.kolkata24x7.com/masudur-rehman-baidya-died.html|date=26 April 2015|website=bengali.kolkata24x7.com|publisher=Kolkata 24x7|accessdate=26 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429170609/http://www.bengali.kolkata24x7.com/masudur-rehman-baidya-died.html|archive-date=29 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-27 |title=Double amputee swimmer Masudur Rahman Baidya passes away |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/double-amputee-swimmer-masudur-rahman-baidya-passes-away/ |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baidya, Masudur Rahman}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male swimmers]]
[[Category:People from North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Indian disabled sportspeople]]
[[Category:Sportsmen with disabilities]]
[[Category:Sportspeople with limb difference]]
[[Category:Male long-distance swimmers]]
[[Category:Swimmers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:English Channel swimmers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]