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Environmentalism

2026-05-23T17:43:26Z

JaimieCarrigan: new biography - done

{{Short description|Philosophy about Earth protection}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2016}}

'''Environmentalism''' is a broad [[Philosophy of life|philosophy]], [[ideology]], and [[social movement]] about supporting [[life]], [[habitat]]s, and surroundings. While environmentalism focuses on the environmental and nature-related aspects of [[Green politics|green ideology and politics]], '''ecologism''' combines the ideology of [[Social ecology (academic field)|social ecology]] and environmentalism. ''Ecologism'' is a term more commonly used in continental European languages, while ''environmentalism'' is more commonly used in English, but the words have slightly different connotations.

Environmentalism advocates the preservation, restoration and improvement of the [[natural environment]] and critical [[Earth system science|earth system]] elements or processes such as the [[climate]], and may be referred to as a movement to control [[pollution]] or protect plant and animal [[biodiversity|diversity]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/environmentalism |title=Environmentalism – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=13 August 2010 |access-date=20 June 2012}}</ref> For this reason, concepts such as a [[land ethic]]s, [[environmental ethics]], [[biodiversity]], [[ecology]], and the [[biophilia hypothesis]] figure predominantly. The environmentalist movement encompasses various approaches to addressing environmental issues, including [[Free-market environmentalism|free market environmentalism]], [[evangelical environmentalism]], and the [[Environmental protection|environmental conservation movement]].

At its crux, environmentalism is an attempt to balance relations between humans and the various natural systems on which they depend in such a way that all the components are accorded a proper degree of [[sustainability]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Badri |first=Adarsh |date=5 February 2024 |title=Feeling for the Anthropocene: affective relations and ecological activism in the global South |journal=International Affairs |volume=100 |issue=2 |pages=731–749 |doi=10.1093/ia/iiae010 |issn=0020-5850|doi-access=free }}</ref> The exact measures and outcomes of this balance is controversial and there are many different ways for environmental concerns to be expressed in practice. Environmentalism and environmental concerns are often represented by the colour [[Green#In_politics|green]],<ref name="Light, Dark and Bright Green Environmentalism">{{cite web |url=http://www.greendaily.com/2009/04/23/light-dark-and-bright-green-environmentalism/ |title=Light, Dark and Bright Green Environmentalism |access-date=2 November 2009 |author=Cat Lincoln |date=Spring 2009 |publisher=Green Daily |archive-date=25 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425173005/http://www.greendaily.com/2009/04/23/light-dark-and-bright-green-environmentalism/}}</ref> but this association has been appropriated by the marketing industries for the tactic known as [[greenwashing]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bowen |first1=Frances |last2=J. Alberto Aragon-Correa |author2-link=J. Alberto Aragon-Correa |date=2014 |title=Greenwashing in corporate environmentalism research and practice: The importance of what we say and do. |journal=Organization & Environment |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=107–112 |doi=10.1177/1086026614537078 |bibcode=2014OrgEn..27..107B |doi-access=free}}</ref>

Environmentalism is opposed by [[anti-environmentalism]], which says that the Earth is less fragile than some environmentalists maintain, and portrays environmentalism as overreacting to the human contribution to [[climate change]] or opposing human advancement.<ref name=rowell>{{cite book|last=Rowell|first=Andrew|title=Green Backlash|year=1996|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-12828-5|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/greenbacklashglo0000rowe}}</ref>

==Definitions==
{{Environment sidebar}}

''Environmentalism'' denotes a [[environmental movement|social movement]] that seeks to influence the political process by lobbying, activism, and education in order to protect natural resources and [[ecosystem]]s. Environmentalism as a movement covers broad areas of [[institutional oppression]], including for example: consumption of ecosystems and natural resources into waste, dumping waste into disadvantaged communities, [[air pollution]], [[water pollution]], weak infrastructure, exposure of organic life to toxins. Because of these divisions, the environmental movement can be categorized into these primary focuses: [[environmental science]], environmental activism, environmental advocacy, and [[environmental justice]].<ref>{{cite web |title=American Environmental Justice Movement |url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/enviro-j/ |access-date=15 April 2018 |website=www.iep.utm.edu |publisher=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref>

An ''environmentalist'' is a person who may speak out about our natural environment and the sustainable management of its resources through changes in public policy or individual behaviour. This may include supporting practices such as informed consumption, conservation initiatives, investment in [[renewable resources]], improved efficiencies in the materials economy, transitioning to new accounting paradigms such as [[ecological economics]], renewing and revitalizing our connections with non-human life or even opting to have one less child to reduce consumption and pressure on resources.

In various ways (for example, grassroots activism and protests), environmentalists and [[environmental organization]]s seek to give the natural world a stronger voice in human affairs.<ref>Robert Gottlieb, ''Forcing the Spring: The Transformation of the American Environmental Movement'' (2005)</ref>

In general terms, environmentalists advocate the [[sustainability|sustainable]] management of resources, and the protection (and restoration, when necessary) of the [[natural environment]] through changes in public policy and individual behaviour. In its recognition of humanity as a participant in ecosystems, the movement is centered around [[ecology]], [[health]], and [[human rights]].

The ''[[environmental movement]]'' (a term that sometimes includes the [[conservation movement|conservation]] and [[Green politics|green]] movements) is a diverse scientific, [[Social movement|social]], and [[political movement]]. Though the movement is represented by a range of organizations, because of the inclusion of environmentalism in the classroom curriculum,<ref name="Craig Kridel">{{Cite book |author=Craig Kridel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GgMyFqxsXWoC&q=environmentalism%20in%20the%20classroom%20curriculum&pg=PA341 |title=Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies |date=2010 |publisher=Sage Publications, Inc. |isbn=978-1-4129-5883-7 |page=341 |access-date=16 April 2010}}
</ref><ref name="LessonPlanet-Sinsel">{{cite web |author=Jennifer Sinsel |date=15 April 2010 |title=Earth Day Activities |url=http://www.lessonplanet.com/directory_articles/elementary_science_lesson_plans/15_April_2010/360/earth_day_activities |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Lesson Planet}}
</ref> the environmental movement has a younger demographic than is common in other social movements (see [[green seniors]]).

==History==
{{See also|Environmental movement#History|Timeline of history of environmentalism}}

=== Ancient history and middle ages ===
A concern for environmental protection has recurred in diverse forms, in different parts of the world, throughout history.
The earliest ideas of environmental protectionism can be found in [[Jainism]], a religion from ancient India revived by [[Mahavira]] in the 6th century BC. [[Jainism]] offers a view that is in many ways compatible with core values associated with environmental activism, such as the protection of life by [[nonviolence]], which could form a strong ecological ethos for global protection of the environment. Mahavira's teachings on the symbiosis between all living beings—as well as the five elements of earth, water, air, fire, and space—are core to environmental thought today.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ajAEBAAAQBAJ&q=jainism+and+environmentalism&pg=PT160|title=Jainism: An Introduction|first=Jeffery D.|last=Long|year=2013|publisher=I.B.Tauris|via=Google Books|isbn=978-0-85773-656-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fore.yale.edu/publications/books/cswr/jainism-introduction/|title=Jainism Introduction|publisher=[[Yale Forum on Religion and Ecology]]|website=fore.yale.edu}}</ref>

In West Asia, the [[Caliph]] [[Abu Bakr]] in the 630s AD commanded his army to "Bring no harm to the trees, nor burn them with fire," and to "Slay not any of the enemy's flock, save for your food."<ref name=Zuhur>{{citation |last1=Aboul-Enein |first1=H. Yousuf |last2=Zuhur |first2=Sherifa |date=2004 |title=Islamic Rulings on Warfare |publisher=Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College |isbn=978-1-58487-177-4|page=22}}</ref> Various [[Islamic medicine|Islamic medical]] treatises during the 9th to 13th centuries dealt with environmentalism and [[environmental science]], including the issue of pollution. The authors of such treatises included [[Al-Kindi]], [[Qusta ibn Luqa]], [[Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi|Al-Razi]], [[Ibn Al-Jazzar]], [[al-Tamimi]], [[al-Masihi]], [[Avicenna]], [[Ali ibn Ridwan]], [[Ibn Jumay]], [[Isaac Israeli ben Solomon]], [[Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (medieval writer)|Abd-el-latif]], Ibn al-Quff, and [[Ibn al-Nafis]]. Their works covered a number of subjects related to pollution, such as air pollution, [[water pollution]], [[soil contamination]], and the mishandling of [[municipal solid waste]]. They also included [[environmental impact assessment|assessments]] of certain localities' environmental impact.<ref>{{citation |last=Gari |first=L. |s2cid=85197649 |date=November 2002 |title=Arabic Treatises on Environmental Pollution up to the End of the Thirteenth Century |journal=Environment and History |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=475–88 |doi=10.3197/096734002129342747|bibcode=2002EnHis...8..475G |url=http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/3141 }}</ref>

Within the religious tradition of the [[Catholic church]], the friar [[Francis of Assisi]] gave expression to a profound mystical reverence for the natural environment as early as 1224. In his lyrical poem ''[[Canticle of the Sun]]'' Francis offered both an ethical and spiritual context for the practice of environmentalism.<ref>[https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html The Holy See- Francis - Encyclicals. Pope Franics I "ENCYCLICAL LETTER LAUDATO SI’ OF THE HOLY FATHER FRANCIS - ON CARE FOR OUR COMMON HOME" Rome, 2015 on vatican.va]</ref><ref>[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Understanding_the_Consecrated_Life_in_Ca/yrweDQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Francis+of+Assisi+environmentalism&pg=PT277&printsec=frontcover ''Understanding the Consecrated Life In Canada''. Zuidema, Jason Ed. Wilfred Lauier University Press, December 2015, Chapter 18 "Standing on Holy Ground: Benedict, Francis and Monastic Environmentalism" by Cory Andrew Labrecque ISBN 9781771121392 on Google.com]</ref> He extolled mankind to affirm a divine presence within the natural realm while calling into question mankind's dominance of the environment, personifying God's living presence in his creation and urging humanity to offer thanksgiving for that presence by extending praise through "...Sister Mother Earth, who sustains us and governs us and who produces varied fruits with coloured flowers and herbs.. Praised be You, my Lord, through Brother Wind, and through the air, cloudy and serene, and every kind of weather through which you give sustenance to Your creatures."<ref>[https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html The Holy See- Francis|Encyclicals. Pope Franics I "ENCYCLICAL LETTER LAUDATO SI’ OF THE HOLY FATHER FRANCIS - ON CARE FOR OUR COMMON HOME" Rome, 2015 on vatican.va]</ref><ref>[https://www.ncronline.org/news/catholic-tradition-care-environment-dates-back-centuries-pope-francis#:~:text=Join%20the%20Conversation&text=Pope%20Francis%20led%20dozens%20of,history%20of%20the%20Catholic%20tradition. National Catholic Reporter. Joanne M. Pierce - Professor Emerita Religious Studies College of the Holy Cross. "Catholic Tradition of Care for Environment Dates Back Centuries Before Pope Francis - The Franciscan Tradition" on ncronline.org]</ref><ref>[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Toward_a_Transpersonal_Ecology/05gK9U5c3ywC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Francis+of+Assisi+environmentalism&pg=PA6&printsec=frontcover Toward A Transpersonal Ecology: Developing New Foundations for Environmentalism" Fox, Warwick. Shambhaha, State University of New York Press, Albany, 1990 Context p. 6 ISBN 9780877735335 on Google books]</ref>

In Europe, King [[Edward I of England]] banned the burning and sale of "[[coal|sea-coal]]" in 1272 by proclamation in London, after its smoke had become a prevalent annoyance throughout the city.<ref name="Pea-souper">{{cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/history/topics/perspect/london.htm |title=London's Historic 'Pea-Soupers' |access-date=2 August 2006 |author=David Urbinato |date=Summer 1994 |publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002080012/http://www.epa.gov/history/topics/perspect/london.htm |archive-date=2 October 2006 }}</ref><ref name="Deadly">{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/now/science/smog.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030124014032/http://www.pbs.org/now/science/smog.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 January 2003 |title=Deadly Smog |access-date=2 August 2006 |date=17 January 2003 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> This fuel, common in London due to the local scarcity of wood, was given this early name because it could be found washed up on some shores, from where it was carted away on a wheelbarrow.<ref>{{Citation |title=Pryme, Abraham de la (1672–1704) |date=2018-02-06 |work=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780192683120.013.22852 |access-date=2025-05-16 |publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/odnb/9780192683120.013.22852 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> King [[Philip II of Spain]] was noted by his love of nature, which according to historian [[Henry Kamen]], turned him into one of the first [[Ecologism|ecologist]] rulers in European history. He issued orders to conserve the Spanish forests, noting in 1582 the great disservice they would do to future generations by depleting them.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kamen|first=Henry|authorlink=Henry Kamen|title=Philip of Spain|publisher=Yale University Press|location= New Haven|date=1999|isbn=9780300078008|page=182-183}}</ref>

===Industrial Revolution===
[[File:StRolloxChemical 1831.jpg|thumb|Levels of air pollution rose during the [[Industrial Revolution]], sparking the first modern [[environmental law]]s to be passed in the mid-19th century.]]
{{Blockquote|
At the advent of steam and electricity the muse of history holds her nose and shuts her eyes ([[H. G. Wells]] 1918).<ref>[[In the Fourth Year|In the Fourth Year: Anticipations of a World Peace]], (London: Chatto & Windus), p. 100.</ref>}}
The origins of the environmental movement lay in the response to increasing levels of [[smoke]] [[pollution]] in the [[atmosphere]] during the [[Industrial Revolution]]. The emergence of great factories and the concomitant immense growth in [[history of coal mining|coal consumption]] gave rise to an unprecedented level of [[air pollution]] in industrial centers; after 1900 the large volume of industrial [[chemical]] discharges added to the growing load of untreated human waste.<ref name="Donora">{{cite web |url=http://www.ametsoc.org/sloan/cleanair/ |title=History of the Clean Air Act |access-date=14 February 2006 |first=James R. |last=Fleming |author2=Bethany R. Knorr |publisher=American Meteorological Society |archive-date=10 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610133251/http://www.ametsoc.org/sloan/cleanair/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The first large-scale, modern environmental laws came in the form of Britain's [[Alkali Acts]], passed in 1863, to regulate the deleterious air pollution ([[gaseous]] [[hydrochloric acid]]) given off by the [[Leblanc process]], used to produce [[soda ash]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2018 |title=Climate Change First Became News 30 Years Ago. Why Haven't We Fixed It? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/07/embark-essay-climate-change-pollution-revkin/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114221303/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/07/embark-essay-climate-change-pollution-revkin/ |archive-date=14 January 2020 |access-date=24 November 2019 |website=Magazine |language=en}}</ref>

In industrial cities, local experts and reformers, especially after 1890, took the lead in identifying [[environmental degradation]] and pollution, and initiating grass-roots movements to demand and achieve reforms.<ref>Harold L. Platt, ''Shock cities: the environmental transformation and reform of Manchester and Chicago'' (2005) [https://www.amazon.com/Shock-Cities-Environmental-Transformation-Manchester/dp/0226670767/ excerpt].</ref> Typically the highest priority went to water and air pollution.

===19th century===
{{See also|Environmental movement#United Kingdom}}

[[File:Walden Thoreau.jpg|thumb|upright|Original title page of ''[[Walden]]'' by [[Henry David Thoreau]]]]
[[File:John Muir - from Library-of-Congress (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[John Muir]] also known as "John of the Mountains" and "Father of the [[National park|National Parks]]",<ref>{{cite book |last=Miller |first=Barbara Kiely |title=John Muir |publisher=Gareth Stevens |year=2008 |isbn=978-0836883183 |page=10}}</ref> was a Scottish-born American<ref>{{cite book |title=America Goes Green: An Encyclopedia of Eco-Friendly Culture in the United States |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2013 |editor-last=Kennedy White |editor-first=Kim |location=Santa Barbara, California |page=xxiii |quote=John Muir (1838–1914) was a Scottish-born American citizen}}</ref><ref name="Fox">{{cite book |last=Fox |first=Stephen R. |url=https://archive.org/details/americanconserva00foxs |title=The American conservation movement : John Muir and his legacy |publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-299-10634-8}}</ref>{{rp|42}} [[naturalist]], author, [[environmental philosopher]], [[botanist]], [[zoologist]], [[glaciologist]], and early advocate for the preservation of [[wilderness]] in the United States.]]
The late 19th century saw the passage of the first wildlife conservation laws. The zoologist [[Alfred Newton]] published a series of investigations into the ''Desirability of establishing a 'Close-time' for the preservation of indigenous animals'' between 1872 and 1903. His advocacy for legislation to protect animals from hunting during the mating season led to the formation of the [[Royal Society for the Protection of Birds]] and influenced the passage of the [[Sea Birds Preservation Act 1869|Sea Birds Preservation Act]] in 1869 as the first nature protection law in the world.<ref>{{cite book |author=G. Baeyens |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=3540740023 |title=Coastal Dunes: Ecology and Conservation |author2=M. L. Martinez |publisher=Springer |year=2007 |page=282}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Makel |first=Jo |date=2 February 2011 |title=Protecting seabirds at Bempton Cliffs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/humberside/hi/people_and_places/nature/newsid_9383000/9383787.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref>

[[Environmental movement in the United States|The movement in the United States]] began in the late 19th century, out of concerns for protecting the natural resources of the West, with individuals such as [[John Muir]] and [[Henry David Thoreau]] making key philosophical contributions. Thoreau was interested in peoples' relationship with nature and studied this by living close to nature in a simple life. He published his experiences in the book ''[[Walden]]'', which argues that people should become intimately close with nature. Muir came to believe in nature's inherent right, especially after spending time hiking in [[Yosemite Valley]] and studying both the ecology and geology. He successfully lobbied congress to form [[Yosemite National Park]] and went on to set up the [[Sierra Club]] in 1892. The conservationist principles as well as the belief in an inherent right of nature were to become the bedrock of modern environmentalism.

The prevailing belief regarding the origins of early environmentalism suggests that it emerged as a local response to the adverse impacts of industrialization in Western nations and communities. In terms of conservation efforts, there is a widespread view that the conservation movement began as a predominantly [[elite]] concern in North America, focusing on the preservation of local natural areas. A less prevailing view, however, attributes the roots of early environmentalism to a growing public concern about the influence of Western economic forces, particularly in connection with [[colonization]], on tropical environments.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Grove |first=Richard |date=3 May 1990 |title=The Origins of Environmentalism |journal=Nature |volume=345 |issue=6270 |pages=11–14|doi=10.1038/345011a0 |bibcode=1990Natur.345...11G |s2cid=46114051 }}</ref> [[Richard Grove]], in a 1990 publication, points out that little attention has been given to the significance of the colonial experience, particularly the European colonial experience, in shaping early European environmentalism.<ref name=":1" />

=== 20th century ===
{{See also|Steady-state economy #Post-war economic expansion and emerging ecological concerns}}
[[File:BlueMarble-2001-2002.jpg|thumb|Photos of the [[Earth]] from [[outer space]] provided both new insights and new reasons for concern over Earth's seemingly small and unique place in the universe (composite images of Earth generated by NASA in 2001 (left) and 2002 (right)).]]
In 1916, the [[National Park Service]] was founded by U.S. President [[Woodrow Wilson]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Parks 101 |url=https://www.travelchannel.com/interests/national-parks/articles/national-parks-101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610010957/https://www.travelchannel.com/interests/national-parks/articles/national-parks-101 |archive-date=10 June 2020 |access-date=9 June 2020 |website=Travel Channel |language=en}}</ref> Pioneers of the movement called for more efficient and professional management of natural resources. They fought for reform because they believed the destruction of forests, fertile soil, minerals, wildlife, and water resources would lead to the downfall of society.<ref name="Culture Wars">{{cite book |last=Chapman |first=Roger |url=https://archive.org/details/culturewarsencyc00chap |title=Culture wars: an encyclopedia of issues, viewpoints, and voices |publisher=M.E. Sharpe, Inc |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-7656-1761-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/culturewarsencyc00chap/page/n197 162] |url-access=limited}}</ref>

{{quote box
| quote = "The conservation of natural resources is the fundamental problem. Unless we solve that problem, it will avail us little to solve all others".
| source = [[Theodore Roosevelt]] (4 October 1907)<ref>Theodore Roosevelt, Address to the Deep Waterway Convention. Memphis, TN, 4 October 1907</ref>
| align = right
| width = 25%
}}

In the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, several events illustrated the magnitude of environmental damage caused by humans. In 1954, a [[hydrogen bomb]] test at [[Bikini Atoll]] exposed the 23-man crew of the Japanese fishing vessel ''[[Daigo Fukuryū Maru|Lucky Dragon 5]]'' to radioactive fallout. The incident is known as [[Castle Bravo]], the largest thermonuclear device ever detonated by the United States and the first in a series of high-yield thermonuclear weapon design tests.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rowberry |first=Ariana |date=27 February 2014 |title=Castle Bravo: The Largest U.S. Nuclear Explosion |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2014/02/27/castle-bravo-the-largest-u-s-nuclear-explosion/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115122457/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2014/02/27/castle-bravo-the-largest-u-s-nuclear-explosion/ |archive-date=15 November 2019 |access-date=10 June 2020 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}</ref> In 1967 the oil tanker {{SS|Torrey Canyon||2}} ran aground off the coast of [[Cornwall]], and in 1969 oil spilled from an offshore well in California's [[Santa Barbara Channel]]. In 1971, the conclusion of a lawsuit in [[Japan]] drew international attention to the effects of decades of [[mercury poisoning]] on the people of [[Minamata]].<ref>Most of the information in this section comes from [[John McCormick (Jean Monnet Chair)|John McCormick]], ''The Global Environmental Movement'', London: John Wiley, 1995.</ref>

At the same time, emerging scientific research drew new attention to existing and hypothetical threats to the environment and humanity. Among them were [[Paul R. Ehrlich]], whose book ''[[The Population Bomb]]'' (1968) revived [[Thomas Malthus|Malthusian]] concerns about the impact of exponential population growth. Biologist [[Barry Commoner]] generated a debate about growth, affluence and "flawed technology." Additionally, an association of scientists and political leaders known as the [[Club of Rome]] published their report ''[[The Limits to Growth]]'' in 1972, and drew attention to the growing pressure on natural resources from human activities.[[File:Suburbia by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|In the United States and several other countries, the boom was manifested in suburban development and [[urban sprawl]], aided by automobile ownership.]]
Another major literary force in the promotion of the environmental movement was [[Rachel Carson]]'s 1962 book ''[[Silent Spring]]'' about declining bird populations due to [[DDT]], an insecticide, pollutant, and man's attempts to control nature through the use of synthetic substances. Her core message for her readers was to identify the complex and fragile ecosystem and the threats facing the population.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hunt |first=Michael H. |title=The World Transformed: 1945 to the present |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |isbn=9780199371020 |location=New York, New York |pages=215–217}}</ref> Her book sold over two million copies.<ref name="NYT silent spring">{{cite news |last=Griswold |first=Eliza |date=21 September 2012 |title=How 'Silent Spring' Ignited the Environmental Movement |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/23/magazine/how-silent-spring-ignited-the-environmental-movement.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115230845/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/23/magazine/how-silent-spring-ignited-the-environmental-movement.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |archive-date=15 January 2013 |access-date=22 February 2013 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref>

The book cataloged the environmental impacts of the indiscriminate spraying of [[DDT]] in the US and questioned the logic of releasing large amounts of chemicals into the environment without fully understanding their effects on human health and ecology. The book suggested that DDT and other pesticides may cause [[cancer]] and that their agricultural use was a threat to wildlife, particularly birds.<ref name="Silent Spring">{{cite book |title=Silent Spring |first=Rachel |last=Carson |author-link=Rachel Carson |year=1962 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |location=Boston |isbn=978-0-8093-2218-3|title-link=Silent Spring }}{{Page needed|date=September 2010}}</ref>

The resulting public concern led to the creation of the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] in 1970 which subsequently banned the agricultural use of DDT in the US in 1972.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eschner |first=Kat |title=Rachel Carson Wrote Silent Spring (Partly) Because of the Author of Stuart Little |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/rachel-carson-wrote-silent-spring-partly-because-author-stuart-little-180961962/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610010954/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/rachel-carson-wrote-silent-spring-partly-because-author-stuart-little-180961962/ |archive-date=10 June 2020 |access-date=10 June 2020 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> The limited use of DDT in [[Vector (epidemiology)|disease vector]] control continues to this day in certain parts of the world and remains controversial. The book's legacy was to produce a far greater awareness of environmental issues and interest into how people affect the environment. With this new interest in environment came interest in problems such as air pollution and petroleum spills, and environmental interest grew. New pressure groups formed, notably [[Greenpeace]] and [[Friends of the Earth (US)]], as well as notable local organizations such as the [[Wyoming Outdoor Council]], which was founded in 1967. Greenpeace was created in 1971 as an organization that believed that political advocacy and legislation were ineffective or inefficient solutions and supported non-violent action. From 1962 to 1998, the environmental movement founded 772 national organizations in the United States.<ref>Erik W. Johnson, and Scott Frickel, "Ecological Threat and the Founding of U.S. National Environmental Movement Organizations, 1962–1998," Social Problems 58 (2011), 305–29. [https://www.academia.edu/download/42475589/Johnson.2011.pdf online]</ref>

In the 1970s, the environmental movement gained rapid speed around the world as a productive outgrowth of the [[counterculture of the 1960s|counterculture]] movement.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 December 1994 |title=Opinion {{!}} In Praise of the Counterculture |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/12/11/opinion/in-praise-of-the-counterculture.html |access-date=24 February 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

The world's first political parties to campaign on a predominantly environmental platform were the [[United Tasmania Group]] of [[Tasmania|Tasmania, Australia]], and the [[Values Party]] of New Zealand.<ref name="Dann, Christine">{{cite web |last=Dann|first=Christine|title=The development of the first two Green parties New Zealand and Tasmania|url=http://www.globalgreens.org/literature/dann/chapterfive.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515170932/http://www.globalgreens.org/literature/dann/chapterfive.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 May 2011|work=From Earth's last islands. The global origins of Green politics|publisher=Global Greens|access-date=4 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="Bevan, RA">Bevan, RA (2001), Petra Kelly: The Other Green, New Political Science, vol. 23, no. 2, November, pp. 181–202</ref> The first [[green party]] in Europe was the Popular Movement for the Environment, founded in 1972 in the Swiss canton of [[Neuchâtel]]. The first national green party in Europe was PEOPLE, founded in Britain in February 1973, which eventually turned into the [[Ecology Party]], and then the [[Green Party (UK)|Green Party]].

Protection of the environment also became important in the [[developing world]]; the [[Chipko movement]] was formed in India under the influence of [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi]] and led by [[Chandi Prasad Bhatt]], [[Sunderlal Bahuguna]] and some local leaders. They set up peaceful resistance to [[deforestation]] by literally hugging trees (leading to the term "tree huggers"). ''Chipko'' literally translates as an open call to hug, and has become a widely recognised and oft replicated action in public protests to save trees. Their peaceful methods of protest and slogan "ecology is permanent economy" were very influential.

Another milestone in the movement was the creation of [[Earth Day]]. The first Earth Day was celebrated on April 22, 1970.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2009 |title=The first Earth Day |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-first-earth-day |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611013336/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-first-earth-day |archive-date=11 June 2020 |access-date=10 June 2020 |website=HISTORY |language=en}}</ref> It was created to give awareness to environmental issues. On 21 March 1971, United Nations Secretary-General [[U Thant]] spoke of a [[spaceship Earth]] on Earth Day, hereby referring to the [[ecosystem services]] the earth supplies to us, and hence our obligation to protect it (and with it, ourselves). Earth Day is now coordinated globally by the [[Earth Day Network]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.earthday.net/ |title=Resource temporarily unavailable |publisher=Earthday.net |access-date=22 April 2011}}</ref> and is celebrated in more than 192 countries every year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/earth-day-2019/story?id=62552199|title=Earth Day 2019: Everything you need to know|publisher=abcnews.go.com |date=22 April 2019}}</ref> Its founder, former Wisconsin Senator [[Gaylord Nelson]], was inspired to create this day of environmental education and awareness after seeing the [[1969 Santa Barbara oil spill|oil spill off the coast of Santa Barbara in 1969]].

In 1972, the [[United Nations Conference on the Human Environment]] was held in [[Stockholm]], and for the first time united the representatives of multiple governments in discussion relating to the state of the global environment. It marked a turning point in the development of international environmental politics.<ref name="Baylis3">John Baylis, Steve Smith. 2005. The Globalization of World Politics (3rd ed). Oxford. Oxford University Press. pp. 454–55</ref> This conference led directly to the creation of government environmental agencies and the [[UN Environment Program]].

By the mid-1970s, many felt that people were on the edge of environmental catastrophe. The [[back-to-the-land movement]] started to form and ideas of environmental ethics joined with [[anti-Vietnam War]] sentiments and other political issues. These individuals lived outside normal society and started to take on some of the more radical environmental theories such as [[deep ecology]]. Around this time more mainstream environmentalism was starting to show force with the signing of the [[Endangered Species Act]] in 1973 and the formation of [[CITES]] in 1975. Significant amendments were also enacted to the United States [[Clean Air Act (United States)|Clean Air Act]]<ref>Clean Air Act Extension of 1970, {{usstat|84|1676}}, {{uspl|91|604}}, 31 December 1970.</ref> and [[Clean Water Act]].<ref>[http://www.glin.gov/download.action?fulltextId=68261&documentId=70515&glinID=70515 Pub.L. 95-217] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229205148/http://www.glin.gov/download.action?fulltextId=68261&documentId=70515&glinID=70515 |date=29 February 2012 }}, 27 December 1977.</ref>

===21st century ===
{{Main|Environmental movement}}
[[File:Nancy_Pelosi_Goldman_prize_2016.jpg|thumb|[[Nancy Pelosi]] meets with the 2016 Goldman Environmental Prize recipients – six individuals who have made a profound impact in their communities and throughout the world by fighting for [[environmental justice]].]]
On an international level, concern for the environment was the subject of a [[United Nations Conference on the Human Environment]] in Stockholm in 1972, attended by 113 nations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vasseur |first=Eric |date=August 1973 |title=United Nations Conference on the Human Environment |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(73)90077-8 |journal=Water Research |volume=7 |issue=8 |pages=1227–1233 |doi=10.1016/0043-1354(73)90077-8 |issn=0043-1354}}</ref> Out of this meeting developed the [[United Nations Environment Programme]] (UNEP) and the follow-up [[Earth Summit|United Nations Conference on Environment and Development]] in 1992. Other international organizations in support of environmental policies development include the [[Commission for Environmental Cooperation]] (as part of [[NAFTA]]), the [[European Environment Agency]] (EEA), and the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] (IPCC).

Environmentalism continues to evolve to face up to new issues such as [[global warming]], [[Human overpopulation|overpopulation]], [[genetic engineering]], and [[plastic pollution]]. However, research in 2013 showed a precipitous decline in the United States' public's interest in 19 different areas of environmental concern.<ref>{{cite journal|author=McCallum, M.L.|author2=G.W. Bury|name-list-style=amp|year=2013|title=Google search patterns suggest declining interest in the environment|journal=Biodiversity and Conservation|doi=10.1007/s10531-013-0476-6|volume=22|issue=6|pages=1355–1367|bibcode=2013BiCon..22.1355M |s2cid=15593201}}</ref>[[File:Berkeley Tree Sitters - UC Berkeley Memorial Oak Grove.jpg|thumb|upright|Demonstrators in a tree at the [[University of California, Berkeley oak grove controversy|Berkeley oak grove protest]] in 2008]] Since the 2000s, the environmental movement has increasingly focused on [[climate change]] as one of the top issues. As concerns about climate change moved more into the mainstream, from the connections drawn between global warming and [[Hurricane Katrina]] to [[Al Gore]]'s 2006 documentary film ''[[An Inconvenient Truth]]'', more and more environmental groups refocused their efforts. In the United States, 2007 witnessed the largest grassroots environmental demonstration in years, [[Step It Up 2007]], with rallies in over 1,400 communities and all 50 states for real global warming solutions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Step It Up: Thousands Gather This Weekend for Largest-Ever Rally Against Global Warming |url=http://www.democracynow.org/2007/4/13/step_it_up_thousands_gather_this |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112115839/https://www.democracynow.org/2007/4/13/step_it_up_thousands_gather_this |archive-date=12 November 2022 |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Democracy Now! |language=en}}</ref>

Publicity and widespread organizing of [[school strike for the climate]] began after Swedish schoolgirl [[Greta Thunberg]] staged a protest in August 2018 outside the Swedish [[Riksdag]] (parliament). The [[September 2019 climate strikes]] were likely the largest climate strikes in world history.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barclay |first=Eliza |date=20 September 2019 |title=How big was the global climate strike? 4 million people, activists estimate |url=https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/9/20/20876143/climate-strike-2019-september-20-crowd-estimate |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921012020/https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/9/20/20876143/climate-strike-2019-september-20-crowd-estimate |archive-date=21 September 2019 |access-date=3 December 2019 |website=Vox |language=en}}</ref> In 2019, a survey found that climate breakdown is viewed as the most important issue facing the world in seven out of the eight countries surveyed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Taylor |first=Matthew |date=18 September 2019 |title=Climate crisis seen as 'most important issue' by public, poll shows |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/18/climate-crisis-seen-as-most-important-issue-by-public-poll-shows |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204213959/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/18/climate-crisis-seen-as-most-important-issue-by-public-poll-shows |archive-date=4 December 2019 |access-date=3 December 2019 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

Many religious organizations and individual churches now have programs and activities dedicated to environmental issues.<ref>{{cite web |title=Religious Environmental Organizations |url=http://www.gis.net/~rwe/links.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927003158/http://www.gis.net/~rwe/links.html |archive-date=27 September 2011 |website=Religious Witness for the Earth}}</ref> The religious movement is often supported by interpretation of scriptures.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 November 2002 |title=Evangelical Environmental Network & ''Creation Care'' Magazine |url=http://www.creationcare.org/resources/scripture.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20021124084848/http://www.creationcare.org/resources/scripture.php |archive-date=24 November 2002 |website=Creationcare.org |publisher=EEN}}</ref>

==Themes==
One notable strain of environmentalism comes from the philosophy of the [[conservation movement]]. Conservationists are concerned with leaving the environment in a better state than the condition they found it distinct from human interaction.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harding |first=Russ |title=Conservationist or Environmentalist? |url=http://www.mackinac.org/9852 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203181206/http://www.mackinac.org/9852 |archive-date=2008-12-03 |access-date=2021-05-02 |website=[[Mackinac Center for Public Policy]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dunlap |first=Thomas R. |date=1980 |title=Conservationists and Environmentalists: An Attempt at Definition |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3984106 |journal=Environmental Review |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=29–31 |doi=10.2307/3984106 |issn=0147-2496 |jstor=3984106 |s2cid=156539998|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The conservation movement is associated with the early parts of the environmental movement of the 19th and 20th century.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harding |first=Russ |title=Conservationist or Environmentalist? |url=https://www.mackinac.org/9852 |access-date=2022-02-18 |website=Mackinac Center |language=en}}</ref>

The adoption of environmentalism into a distinct political ideology led to the development of political parties called "green parties", typically with a leftist political approach to overlapping issues of environmental and social wellbeing ([[green politics]]).

===Bright green environmentalism===
{{excerpt|Bright green environmentalism}}

===Evangelical environmentalism===
{{Main|Evangelical environmentalism}}

Evangelical environmentalism is an environmental movement in the United States in which some [[Evangelicalism|Evangelicals]] have emphasized [[Bible|biblical]] mandates concerning humanity's role as steward and subsequent responsibility for the care taking of Creation. While the movement has focused on different environmental issues, it is best known for its focus of addressing climate action from a biblically grounded [[theology|theological]] perspective. This movement is controversial among some non-Christian environmentalists due to its rooting in a specific religion.

===Free market environmentalism===
{{Main|Free-market environmentalism}}

Free market environmentalism is a theory that argues that the [[free market]], [[property rights]], and [[tort]] law provide the best tools to preserve the health and [[sustainability]] of the environment.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Eckersley |first=Robyn |date=March 1993 |title=Free market environmentalism: Friend or foe? |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09644019308414061 |journal=Environmental Politics |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1080/09644019308414061 |bibcode=1993EnvPo...2....1E |issn=0964-4016|url-access=subscription }}</ref> It considers environmental stewardship to be natural, as well as the expulsion of polluters and other aggressors through individual and [[class action]].

=== Labor environmentalism ===
The concept of ''labor environmentalism'' refers to the efforts of [[trade union]]s to create environmental policies, advocate for environmental issues, and collaborate with environmental groups.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Montesano |first1=Francesco S. |last2=Biermann |first2=Frank |last3=Kalfagianni |first3=Agni |last4=Vijge |first4=Marjanneke J. |date=2024 |title=Greening labour? The role of the SDGs in fostering sustainability integration within trade unions |journal=Globalizations |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=141–161 |doi=10.1080/14747731.2023.2234174 |issn=1474-7731 |pmc=10791064 |pmid=38234659|bibcode=2024Glob...21..141M }}</ref> Trade unions and international organizations such as the [[International Labour Organization]] face the dilemma of having to "navigate the structures of global [[capitalism]] and the [[economic growth]] paradigm, on the one hand, and the global ecological crisis on the other hand".<ref name=":2" />

To promote [[green job]]s, trade unions developed the concept of a [[just transition]].<ref name=":2" /> This concept, for example in the context of climate change, focuses on the connection between [[energy transition]] and equitable approaches to [[decarbonization]] that support broader [[Sustainable Development Goals|development goals]].<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |title=How just transition can help deliver the Paris Agreement {{!}} UNDP Climate Promise |url=https://climatepromise.undp.org/research-and-reports/how-just-transition-can-help-deliver-paris-agreement |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=climatepromise.undp.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=McCauley |first1=Darren |last2=Heffron |first2=Raphael |date=2018-08-01 |title=Just transition: Integrating climate, energy and environmental justice |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301421518302301 |journal=Energy Policy |volume=119 |pages=1–7 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2018.04.014 |bibcode=2018EnPol.119....1M |issn=0301-4215 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10023/17583|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

===Radical environmentalism===
{{excerpt|Radical environmentalism}}

==Organizations==
{{Main|List of environmental organizations|Environmental movement#Environmental movements by country}}

Environmental organizations can be global, regional, national or local; they can be government-run or private ([[NGO]]). Environmentalist activity exists in almost every country. Moreover, groups dedicated to community development and social justice also focus on environmental concerns.

Some US environmental organisations, among them the [[Natural Resources Defense Council]] and the [[Environmental Defense Fund]], specialize in bringing lawsuits (a tactic seen as particularly useful in that country). Other groups, such as the US-based [[National Wildlife Federation]], [[Earth Day]], [[National Cleanup Day]], [[the Nature Conservancy]], and [[The Wilderness Society (United States)|The Wilderness Society]], and global groups like the [[World Wide Fund for Nature]] and [[Friends of the Earth]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Latest court cases {{!}} Friends of the Earth |url=https://friendsoftheearth.uk/legal-and-planning/latest-court-cases |website=friendsoftheearth.uk |access-date=9 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> disseminate information, participate in [[Hearing (law)|public hearings]], [[Lobbying|lobby]], [[Demonstration (people)|stage demonstrations]], and may purchase land for [[Nature reserve|preservation]].

Community-led initiatives such as [[Bus Stop Boys]] have contributed to improving urban sanitation in Accra.

More radical organizations, such as [[Greenpeace]], [[Earth First!]], and the [[Earth Liberation Front]], have more directly opposed actions they regard as environmentally harmful. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has determined some of these groups as a terrorism threat.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lewis |first1=John E. |title=Testimony Before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary Hearings on Animal Rights: Activism vs. Criminality, |date=May 18, 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Trujillo |first1=Horacio R. |title=Aptitude for Destruction, Volume 2: Case Studies of Organizational Learning in Five Terrorist Groups |date=2005 |pages=141-176 |chapter=Chapter 6 :The Radical Environmentalist Movement}}</ref>

==Criticism==
When environmentalism first became popular during the early 20th century, the focus was wilderness protection and wildlife preservation. These goals reflected the interests of the movement's initial, primarily white middle and upper class supporters, including through viewing preservation and protection via a lens that failed to appreciate the centuries-long work of indigenous communities who had lived without ushering in the types of environmental devastation these settler colonial "environmentalists" now sought to mitigate. The actions of many mainstream environmental organizations still reflect these early principles.<ref name="Sandler, R. 2007 pp. 27–55">Sandler, R., & Phaedra, P. (2007). Environmental justice and environmentalism. (pp. 27–55).</ref> Numerous low-income minorities felt isolated or negatively impacted by the movement, exemplified by the Southwest Organizing Project's (SWOP) Letter to the Group of 10, a letter sent to major environmental organizations by several local environmental justice activists.<ref>"SWOP Letter to the Group of 10 ." Southwest Organizing Project. N.p.. Web. 7 May 2013. <[http://www.swop.net/node/26]>. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514131800/http://www.swop.net/node/26|date=14 May 2010}}</ref> The letter argued that the environmental movement was so concerned about cleaning up and preserving nature that it ignored the negative side-effects that doing so caused communities nearby, namely less job growth.<ref name="Sandler, R. 2007 pp. 27–55" /> In addition, the [[NIMBY]] movement has transferred [[locally unwanted land use]]s (LULUs) from middle-class neighborhoods to poor communities with large minority populations. Therefore, vulnerable communities with fewer political opportunities are more often exposed to hazardous waste and toxins.<ref name="NIMBY Victims">{{Cite journal |last=Gerrard |first=Michael B. |date=1993–1994 |title=The Victims of NIMBY |url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/frdurb21&div=25&g_sent=1#505 |journal=Fordham Urban Law Journal |location=New York, NY}}
</ref> This has resulted in the [[PIBBY]] principle, or at least the PIMBY (Place-in-minorities'-backyard), as supported by the United Church of Christ's study in 1987.<ref name="Civil Rights Learning">{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=R. Gregory |date=October 1998 |title=Environmental Justice and Community Empowerment: Learning from the Civil Rights Movement |url=http://www.wcl.american.edu/journal/lawrev/48/pdf/roberts.pdf?rd=1 |url-status=dead |journal=American University Law Review |location=Washington D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326050221/http://www.wcl.american.edu/journal/lawrev/48/pdf/roberts.pdf?rd=1 |archive-date=26 March 2009}}
</ref>

{{anchor|Environmental elitism}}
As a result, some minorities have viewed the environmental movement as elitist. Environmental elitism manifested itself in three different forms:

# ''Compositional'' – Environmentalists are from the middle and upper class.
# ''Ideological'' – The reforms benefit the movement's supporters but impose costs on nonparticipants.
# ''Impact'' – The reforms have "regressive social impacts". They disproportionately benefit environmentalists and harm underrepresented populations.<ref name="Environmental elitism">{{Cite journal |last=Morrison |first=Denton |date=September 1986 |title=Environmentalism and elitism: a conceptual and empirical analysis |journal=Environmental Management |location=New York |volume=10 |issue=5 |pages=581–589 |bibcode=1986EnMan..10..581M |doi=10.1007/BF01866762 |s2cid=153561660}}
</ref>

Many environmentalists believe that human interference with 'nature' should be restricted or minimised as a matter of urgency (for the sake of life, or the planet, or just for the benefit of the human species),<ref>Huesemann, Michael H., and Joyce A. Huesemann (2011). [http://www.newtechnologyandsociety.org ''Technofix: Why Technology Won't Save Us or the Environment''], New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, British Columbia {{ISBN|0-86571-704-4}}, 464 pp.</ref> whereas [[environmental skeptics]] and anti-environmentalists do not believe that there is such a need.<ref>Bakari, Mohamed El-Kamel. "Globalization and Sustainable Development: False Twins?." New Global Studies 7.3: 23–56.</ref> One can also regard oneself as an environmentalist and believe that human 'interference' with 'nature' should be ''increased''.<ref>Neil Paul Cummins "An Evolutionary Perspective on the Relationship Between Humans and Their Surroundings: Geoengineering, the Purpose of Life & the Nature of the Universe", Cranmore Publications, 2012.</ref> Nevertheless, there is a risk that the shift from emotional environmentalism into the technical management of natural resources and hazards could decrease the touch of humans with nature, leading to less concern with environment preservation.<ref>{{cite web |last=Vasconcelos |first=Vitor Vieira |date=2011 |title=The Environment Professional and the Touch with Nature |url=http://pt.scribd.com/doc/119009229/Environment-Professional-and-the-Touch-with-Nature |url-access=limited |work=Qualit@s |pages=1–10 |via=Pt.scribd.com |volume=1}}</ref> Increasingly, typical conservation rhetoric is being replaced with restoration approaches and larger landscape initiatives that seek to create more holistic impacts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Matthew |title=Conservation: History and Future |url=https://www.environmentalscience.org/conservation |work=EnvironmentalScience.org}}</ref>

Others seek a balance that involves both caring deeply for the environment while letting science guide human actions affecting it.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Tran|first1=Thanh Tu|title=Flying Beyond Didacticism: The Creative Environmental Vision of 'Wild Wise Weird'|date=2025|publisher=Young Voices of Science|url=https://youngvoicesofscience.org/?p=1963}}</ref> Such an approach would avoid the emotionalism which, for example, anti-[[genetically modified organism|GMO]] activism has been criticized for, and protect the integrity of science. Planting trees, for another example, can be emotionally satisfying but should also involve being conscious of [[ecological]] concerns such as the effect on [[water cycle]]s and the use of nonnative, potentially invasive species.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Das |first=Dibakar |date=September–October 2020 |title=When Environmentalism Clashes with Science |url= |access-date= |magazine=[[Skeptical Inquirer]] |publisher=[[Center for Inquiry]] |location=Amherst, New York |pages=54–55 |volume=44 |issue=5}}</ref>

===Anti-environmentalism===
{{excerpt|Anti-environmentalism}}

== Environmentalists ==
{{See also|List of climate activists}}
[[File:David Attenborough (cropped).jpg|thumb| Sir [[David Attenborough]] in May 2003]]
An ''environmentalist'' is a person who protects the environment. An environmentalist can be considered a supporter of the goals of the [[environmental movement]], "a political and ethical movement that seeks to improve and protect the quality of the [[natural environment]] through changes to environmentally harmful human activities".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/environmentalism|title=environmentalism - Ideology, History, & Types|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=23 July 2023 }}</ref> An environmentalist is engaged in or believes in the philosophy of environmentalism or one of the related philosophies.

The environmental movement has a number of subcommunities, with different approaches and focuses – each developing distinct movements and identities. Environmentalists are sometimes referred to by critics with informal or derogatory terms such as "greenie" and "tree-hugger",<ref>{{cite book|title=Oxford Dictionary of English|editor=Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson |publisher=Oxford University klkPress|year=2005|edition=2nd revised|isbn=978-0-19-861057-1}}</ref> with some members of the public associating the most radical environmentalists with these derogatory terms.<ref name="l">{{Cite journal|last1=Tesch|first1=Danielle|last2=Kempton|first2=Willett|date=2004-01-01|title=Who is an Environmentalist? The Polysemy of Environmentalist Terms and Correlated Environmental Actions|url=https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/jea/vol8/iss1/4|journal=Journal of Ecological Anthropology|volume=8|issue=1|pages=67–83|doi=10.5038/2162-4593.8.1.4|issn=1528-6509|doi-access=free}}</ref>
Some of the notable environmentalists who have been advocating for [[environmental protection]] and conservation include:

[[File:Peter Garrett 2017 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Peter Garrett]] campaigning for the [[2004 Australian federal election]]]]
[[File:Al Gore, Vice President of the United States, official portrait 1994 (3x4 cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Al Gore]], 2007 (former [[Vice President of the United States]])]]
[[File:Hunter Lovins.jpg|thumb|[[Hunter Lovins]], 2007]]
[[File:Artist, naturalist, Sergio Rossetti Morosini, Pico Bone, Brigadeiro Mountain, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2017.jpg|thumb|[[Sergio Rossetti Morosini]], 2017]]
[[File:Phil Radford.jpg|thumb|[[Phil Radford]], 2011, ([[Greenpeace]] Executive Director)]]
[[File:19-10-2011 - Hakob Sanasaryan.jpg|thumb|[[Hakob Sanasaryan]] campaignning against illegal construction of a new ore-processing facility in [[Sotk]], 2011]]
[[File:Uncle Kevin Buzzacott in Adelaide 2014.JPG|thumb|right|[[Kevin Buzzacott]] (Aboriginal activist) in [[Adelaide]] 2014]]
[[Image:Voynet Montreuil 2008-01-06.jpg|thumb|[[Dominique Voynet]]]]
[[File:Helena Gualinga, 2024 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Helena Gualinga]] is a campaigner for the rights of Amazonian peoples and environmental protection.]]
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* [[Mariano Abarca]] (activist, assassinated in 2009)
* [[Edward Abbey]] (author)
* [[Ansel Adams]] (photographer, writer, activist)
* [[Bayarjargal Agvaantseren]] (conservationist)
* [[Qazi Kholiquzzaman Ahmad]] (environmental activist and economist)
* [[David Attenborough]] (broadcaster, naturalist)
* [[John James Audubon]] (naturalist)
* [[Judi Bari]] (environmentalist)
* [[Sundarlal Bahuguna]] (environmentalist)
* [[Patriarch Bartholomew I]] (priest)
* [[Frances Beinecke]] (environmentalist and former president of the [[Natural Resources Defense Council]])
* [[David Bellamy]] (botanist)
* [[Thomas Berry]] (priest, historian, philosopher)
* [[Wendell Berry]] (farmer, philosopher)
* [[Chandi Prasad Bhatt]] (environmentalist)
* [[Wendy Bowman (activist)|Wendy Bowman]] (environmental activist)
* [[Stewart Brand]] (writer, founder of [[Whole Earth Catalog]])
* [[David Brower]] (writer, activist)
* [[Molly Burhans]] (cartographer, activist)
* [[Murray Bookchin]] (anarchist, philosopher, social ecologist)
* [[Erin Brockovich]] (environmental lawyer and activist)
* [[David Brower]] (writer, activist)
* [[Bob Brown]] (activist and politician)
* [[Lester Brown]] (environmental analyst, author)
* [[Carol Browner]] (lawyer and activist)
* [[Molly Burhans]] (faith-based environmentalist)
* [[Kevin Buzzacott]] (Aboriginal activist)
* [[Berta Caceres]] (environmental and indigenous rights activist)
* [[Helen Caldicott]] (medical doctor)
* [[James Cameron]] (filmmaker and environmentalist)
* [[Joan Carling]] (human rights defender)
* [[Rachel Carson]] (biologist, writer)
* [[Chevy Chase]] (comedian)
* [[Majora Carter]] (urban revitalization strategist)
* [[Charles III]] (King of the United Kingdom)
* [[Ng Cho-nam]] (environmentalist)
* [[Barry Commoner]] (biologist, politician)
* [[Mike Cooley (engineer)|Mike Cooley]] (engineer, trade unionist)
* [[Jacques-Yves Cousteau]] (explorer, ecologist)
* [[Herman Daly]] ([[Ecological economics|ecological economist]] and [[Steady-state economy#Herman Daly's concept of a steady-state economy|steady-state theorist]])
* [[Peter Dauvergne]] (political scientist)
* [[Faiza Darkhani]] (environmentalist, [[Women's rights|women's rights activist]], and educator)
* [[Laurie David]] (activist and producer)
* [[Marina DeBris]] (environmental artist)
* [[John Denver]] (musician)
* [[Usha Desai]] (physician)
* [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (actor)<ref>{{cite web | title=Leonardo DiCaprio | website=World Wildlife Fund | url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/leaders/leonardo-dicaprio | access-date=31 January 2016}}</ref>
* [[Michelle Dilhara]] (actress)
* [[René Dubos]] (microbiologist)
* [[Sylvia Earle]] (marine biologist)
* [[Paul R. Ehrlich]] (population biologist)
* [[Hans-Josef Fell]] ([[Alliance '90/The Greens|Green Party]] member in Germany)
* [[Jane Fonda]] (actor)
* [[Josh Fox]] (filmmaker)
* [[Mizuho Fukushima]] (politician, activist)
* [[Rolf Gardiner]] (rural revivalist)
* [[Peter Garrett]] (musician, politician)
* [[Jane Goodall]] (primatologist, anthropologist, and [[United Nations Messengers of Peace|UN Messenger of Peace]])
* [[Lois Gibbs]] (Founder of the Center for Health, Environment and Justice)
* [[Caroline Gleich]] (political and environmental activist)
* [[Al Gore]] (former [[Vice President of the United States]])
* [[Helena Gualinga]] (campaigner for the rights of Amazonian peoples and environmental protection)
* [[Tom Hanks]] (actor)
* [[Daryl Hannah]] (activist)
* [[James Hansen]] (scientist)
* [[Garrett Hardin]] (ecologist, ecophilosopher)
* [[Denis Hayes]] (environmentalist and [[solar power]] advocate)
* [[Julia Butterfly Hill]] (activist)
* [[Nicolas Hulot]] (journalist and writer)
* [[Robert Hunter (journalist)|Robert Hunter]] (journalist, co-founder and first president of [[Greenpeace]])
* [[Huey Johnson|Huey D. Johnson]] (environmentalist)
* [[Lisa P. Jackson]] (former administrator of the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]])
* [[Jorian Jenks]] (English farmer)
* [[Kathy Jetn̄il-Kijiner]] (poet and climate activist)
* [[Okefenokee Joe]] (singer, songwriter, TV host, activist)
* [[Naomi Klein]] (writer, activist)
* [[Winona LaDuke]]
* [[Aldo Leopold]] (ecologist)
* [[A. Carl Leopold]] (plant physiologist)
* [[Charles Lindbergh]] (aviator)
* [[James Lovelock]] (scientist)
* [[Amory Lovins]] (energy policy analyst)
* [[Hunter Lovins]]
* [[Caroline Lucas]] (politician)
* [[Mark Lynas]] (journalist, activist)
*[[Wangari Maathai]] (activist, [[List of Nobel laureates|Nobel Laureate]])
* [[Desmond Majekodunmi]] (environmentalist)
* [[Jarid Manos]] (CEO of the Great Plains Restoration Council)
* [[Peter Max]] (graphic designer)
* [[Michael McCarthy (journalist)|Michael McCarthy]] (naturalist, journalist, author)
* [[Xiuhtezcatl Martinez]] (activist)
* [[Bill McKibben]] (writer, activist)
* [[David McTaggart]] (activist)
* [[Chico Mendes]] (activist)
* [[Mahesh Chandra Mehta]] (lawyer)
* [[Nathan Metenier|Nathan Méténier]]
* [[Joni Mitchell]] (musician)
* [[George Monbiot]] (journalist)
* [[Sergio Rossetti Morosini]] (naturalist, activist)
*[[Nyombi Morris]] ([[CNN]] Environmentalist of tomorrow)
* [[John Muir]] (naturalist)
* [[Luke Mullen]] (actor, filmmaker)
* [[Hilda Murrell]] (botanist)
* [[Ralph Nader]] (activist)
* [[Seyyed Hossein Nasr]] (writer, philosopher)
* [[Gaylord Nelson]] (politician)
*[[Aniebiet Inyang Ntui]] (environmental advocate)
* [[Yolanda Ortiz (chemist)]]
* [[Eugene Pandala]] (architect, natural and cultural heritage conservator)
* [[Alan Pears]] ([[environmental consultant]] and [[Efficient energy use|energy efficiency pioneer]])
* [[Medha Patkar]] (activist)
* [[Gifford Pinchot]] (first chief of the [[United States Forest Service|USFS]])
* [[River Phoenix]] (actor, musician, activist)
* [[Jonathon Porritt]] (politician)
* [[John Wesley Powell]] (second director of the [[United States Geological Survey|USGS]])
* [[Barbara Pyle]] (executive producer of ''[[Captain Planet and the Planeteers]]'')
* [[Tahir Qureshi]]
* [[Phil Radford]] ([[Greenpeace]] Executive Director)
* [[Bonnie Raitt]] (musician)
* [[Clovis Razafimalala]]
* [[Theodore Roosevelt]] (former [[President of the United States]])<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/wildernesswarrio00brin_0 | url-access=registration | title=The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America | publisher=Harper Collins | author=Brinkley, Douglas | isbn=9780060565282| date=2009}}</ref>
* [[Hakob Sanasaryan]] (biochemist, activist)
* [[Habiba Sarobi]] (politician and activist)
* [[Ken Saro-Wiwa]] (writer, television producer, activist)
* [[E. F. Schumacher]] (author of ''[[Small Is Beautiful]]'')
* [[Shimon Schwarzschild]] (writer, activist)
* [[Vandana Shiva]] (ecofeminist and activist)
* [[Marina Silva]] (politician and activist)
* [[Alicia Silverstone]] (author of ''[[The Kind Diet]]'')
* [[Lauren Singer]] (activist and entrepreneur)
* [[Swami Sundaranand]] (photographer, mountaineer)
* [[Cass Sunstein]] (environmental lawyer)
* [[David Suzuki]] (scientist, broadcaster)
* [[Candice Swanepoel]] (model)
* [[Shōzō Tanaka]] (politician and activist)
* [[Rebecca Harrell Tickell]] (filmmaker, actress, activist)
* [[Tetsunari Iida]] ([[sustainable energy]] advocate)
* [[Saalumarada Thimmakka]]
* [[Henry David Thoreau]] (writer, philosopher)
* [[Greta Thunberg]] (environmental activist)
* [[Stewart Udall]] (former [[United States Secretary of the Interior]])
* [[Jo Valentine, Baroness Valentine|Jo Valentine]] (politician and activist)
* [[Dominique Voynet]] (politician)
* [[Franz Weber (activist)|Franz Weber]] (animal welfare activist)
* [[Christopher O. Ward]] (water infrastructure expert)
* [[Harvey Wasserman]] (journalist, activist)
* [[Alice Waters]] (activist and restaurateur)
* [[Paul Watson]] (activist and lecturer)
* [[Henry Williamson]] (naturalist, writer)
* [[Gabriel Willow]] (environmental educator, naturalist)
* [[Howard Zahniser]] (author of the 1964 [[Wilderness Act]])

{{div col end}}

===Violence against activists===
{{See also|List of environmental activists assassinated}}

In the early 1990s, multiple environmental activists in the United States became targets of violent attacks.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Helvarg |first=David |date=2007-12-04 |title=The war on the greens |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10402659508425907 |journal=Peace Review |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3–4 |pages=393–397 |doi=10.1080/10402659508425907 |issn=1040-2659|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Every year, more than 100 environmental activists are murdered throughout the world.<ref name = environmental>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jun/20/environmental-activist-murders-global-witness-report|title=Environmental activist murders set record as 2015 became deadliest year|first=Oliver|last=Holmes|date=20 June 2016|website=the Guardian|access-date=15 April 2018}}</ref> Most recent deaths are in Brazil, where activists combat logging in the Amazon rainforest.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ulmanu|first1= Monica|last2=Evans|first2=Alan|last3=Brown|first3=Georgia|title=37 environmental defenders have been killed so far in 2018|url= https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2018/feb/27/the-defenders-recording-the-deaths-of-environmental-defenders-around-the-world|access-date=26 May 2018|work=The Guardian|date=May 2018}}</ref>

116 environmental activists were [[assassinate]]d in 2014,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://grist.org/news/map-116-environmental-activists-were-killed-in-just-one-year/|title=Map: 116 environmental activists were killed in just one year|date=5 March 2016|website=Grist.org|access-date=25 September 2016}}</ref> and 185 in 2015.<ref name = environmental/> This represents more than two environmentalists assassinated every week in 2014 and three every week in 2015.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/3827939/environmental-activists-killed-2014-global-witness/|title= Environmental Activists Killed in Record Numbers in 2014|first=David|last= Stout|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date = 20 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/environmental-activists/dangerous-ground/|title=On Dangerous Ground: Killings of land and environmental defenders in 2015 |work = Global Witness|date = 20 June 2016}}</ref> More than 200 environmental activists were assassinated worldwide between 2016 and early 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cambodian forest defenders killed after confronting illegal loggers|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jan/31/cambodian-forest-defenders-killed-after-confronting-illegal-loggers|access-date=2 February 2018|work=The Guardian|date=31 January 2018}}</ref> A 2020 incident saw several rangers murdered in the Congo Rainforest by poaching squads. Occurrences like this are relatively common, and account for a large number of deaths.<ref>{{Cite news|last= Dahir|first=Abdi Latif |date=25 April 2020|title=12 Rangers Among 17 Killed in Congo Park Ambush |language= en-US|work=The New York Times|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/25/world/africa/congo-virunga-national-park-attack.html|access-date=29 May 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In 2022, [[Global Witness]] reported that, in the preceding decade, more than 1,700 land and environmental defenders were killed, about one every two days.<ref name="GlobalWitness_20220929">{{cite web |date=29 September 2022 |title=A deadly decade for land and environmental activists - with a killing every two days |url=https://www.globalwitness.org/en/press-releases/deadly-decade-land-and-environmental-activists-killing-every-two-days/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928232316/https://www.globalwitness.org/en/press-releases/deadly-decade-land-and-environmental-activists-killing-every-two-days/ |archive-date=28 September 2022 |website=Global Witness}}</ref> Brazil, Colombia, Philippines, and Mexico were the deadliest countries.<ref name="GlobalWitness_20220929" /> Violence and intimidation against environmental activists have also been reported in [[Central and Eastern Europe]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stop Persecution - of environmental activists in Europe and Asia! |url=https://stop-persecution.org/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=stop-persecution.org |language=en-GB}}</ref> In [[Romania]], anti-logging activists have been killed,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Stop Persecution - Romanian timber mafia killing environmental defenders |url=https://stop-persecution.org/romanian-timber-mafia-killing-environmental-defenders |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=stop-persecution.org |language=en-GB}}</ref> while in [[Belarus]], the government arrested several environmental activists and dissolved their organizations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Stop Persecution - Belarusian authorities are escalating the persecution of environmental activists for civic engagement |url=https://stop-persecution.org/belarusian-authorities-are-escalating-the-persecution-of-environmental-activists-for-civic-engagement |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=stop-persecution.org |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zelinka |first=Martin |title=Lukashenko regime labels Belarus' oldest environmental organization extremist |url=https://arnika.org/en/news/lukashenko-regime-labels-belarus-oldest-environmental-organization-extremist |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=arnika.org}}</ref> Belarus has also withdrawn from the [[Aarhus Convention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zelinka |first=Martin |title=Belarus has withdrawn from the Convention on environmental democracy |url=https://arnika.org/en/news/belarus-has-withdrawn-from-the-convention-on-environmental-democracy |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=arnika.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-11 |title=UN experts slam Belarus for exiting environmental rights convention - Geneva Solutions |url=https://genevasolutions.news/climate-environment/un-experts-slam-belarus-for-exiting-environmental-rights-convention |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=genevasolutions.news |language=en}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
{{Further|Climate change in popular culture|Environmentalism in music}}
* [[Miss Earth]] is one of the [[Big Four international beauty pageants]]. (The other three are [[Miss Universe]], [[Miss International]], and [[Miss World]].) Out of these four beauty pageants, Miss Earth is the only international beauty pageant that promotes ''environmental awareness''. The Miss Earth winner is the spokesperson for the [[Miss Earth Foundation]], the [[United Nations Environment Programme]] (UNEP) and other environmental organizations.{{citation needed|date=May 2026}}
* Another area of environmentalism is to use art to raise awareness about misuse of the environment.<ref>{{cite web|title='Washed Up' Art Exhibition Raises Awareness of Plastic Pollution|url=https://www.wilson.edu/washed-art-exhibition-raises-awareness-plastic-pollution-0|publisher=Wilson College|access-date=2 October 2017|date=4 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Unmasking Pollution with Climate Art|url=http://newsroom.unfccc.int/climate-action/art4climate-unmasking-pollution-with-climate-art/|website=UN Climate Change: Climate Action|publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|access-date=2 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Cerini|first1=Marianna|title=How limited edition sneakers designed by Kanye West are helping people breathe in China|url=http://www.cnn.com/style/article/sneaker-pollution-mask-designer/index.html|access-date=2 October 2017|agency=CNN|publisher=CNN|date=7 December 2016}}</ref> One example is [[trashion]], using trash to create clothes, jewelry, and other objects for the home. [[Marina DeBris]] is one trashion artist, who focuses on ocean and beach trash to design clothes and for fund raising, education.{{citation needed|date=May 2026}}

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}

* [[Climate movement]]
* [[Ecomodernism]]
* [[Environmental planning]]
* [[Environmental, social, and governance]]
* [[Greening]]
* [[Human impact on the environment]]
* [[List of climate scientists]]
* [[List of environmental organizations]]
* [[List of women climate scientists and activists]]
* [[Outline of environmentalism]]
* [[Political representation of nature]]
* [[Religion and environmentalism]]

{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Sister project links}}

{{Environmentalism}}{{Environmental social science}}
{{Environmental science}}
{{Sustainability}}
{{Portal bar|Climate change|Earth sciences|Ecology|Environment|Philosophy|Plants|Politics|Renewable energy|Society|Trees|Water}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Environmentalism| ]]
[[Category:Green politics]]
[[Category:Habitat]]
[[Category:Environmental social science concepts]]
[[Category:1920s neologisms]]

Campus Beats

2026-05-01T23:07:39Z

JaimieCarrigan: Starting basic pg w/ sources - done

{{Short description|Indian romantic drama television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Campus Beats.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]]
| creator = Palki Malhotra
| writer = Palki Malhotra Prakriti Mukherjee '''Dialogues:''' Shweta Singh
| screenplay = Aakash Shewakaramani Palki Malhotra
| director = Aniruddha Rajderkar
| starring = {{Plain list|
* [[Shantanu Maheshwari]]
* [[Shruti Sinha]]
* Tanvi Gadkari
* Sahaj Singh Chahal
* Dhanshree Yadav
* Tanya Bhushan
* [[Teriya Magar]]
* Harsh Dingwanii
* [[Roop Durgapal ]]
* [[Chandan K Anand]]
* Gulshan Nain
}}
| theme_music_composer = Shailesh Suvarna
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 6
| num_episodes = 75
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Deepak Dhar
| location =
| cinematography = Indranil Singha
| editor = Sandeep Singh (Season 1 to 3),

Vinay Mandal, Karan Varia(Season 4)
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = [[Banijay|Banijay Asia]]
| network = [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon miniTV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|09|21}}
| last_aired = present
}}
'''''Campus Beats''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Romance film|romantic]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] television series on [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon miniTV]]. Produced by Deepak Dhar under [[Banijay|Banijay Asia]], it stars [[Shantanu Maheshwari]], [[Shruti Sinha]], Tanvi Gadkari, Sahaj Singh Chahal, Harsh Dingwanii, Dhanshree Yadav, Tanya Bhushan, [[Teriya Magar]], [[Roop Durgapal]], Gulshan Nain and [[Chandan K Anand]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/say-hello-to-shantanu-and-shruti-on-campus-beats-548202|title=Say hello to Shantanu and Shruti on Campus Beats : The Tribune India|access-date=24 October 2023|archive-date=30 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030045527/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/say-hello-to-shantanu-and-shruti-on-campus-beats-548202|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/shantanu-maheshwari-on-campus-beats-our-passion-and-love-for-dance-kept-us-going--news-320483|title=Shantanu Maheshwari On 'Campus Beats': 'Our Passion And Love For Dance Kept Us Going'|date=25 September 2023 |access-date=24 October 2023|archive-date=30 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030042524/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/shantanu-maheshwari-on-campus-beats-our-passion-and-love-for-dance-kept-us-going--news-320483|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/webseries/shantanu-maheshwari-starrer-teen-drama-campus-beats-to-release-on-this-date-8578717.html | title=Shantanu Maheshwari Starrer Teen Drama 'Campus Beats' to Release on THIS Date | date=15 September 2023 | access-date=24 October 2023 | archive-date=30 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030042524/https://www.news18.com/entertainment/webseries/shantanu-maheshwari-starrer-teen-drama-campus-beats-to-release-on-this-date-8578717.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/campus-beats-2-when-and-where-to-watch-shantanu-maheshwaris-ott-show/fc6bd1904695 | title=Campus Beats 2: When and where to watch Shantanu Maheshwari's OTT show | access-date=24 October 2023 | archive-date=30 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030042524/https://www.ottplay.com/news/campus-beats-2-when-and-where-to-watch-shantanu-maheshwaris-ott-show/fc6bd1904695 | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Plot ==
Amidst the chaos brewing within the enigmatic world of MAD, the University of Movement and Dance, Netra Lokhande's journey begins shrouded in a veil of secrecy. Concealed behind the guise of Netra Kumari, she steps into this vibrant institution seeking answers to the mystery of her father's death.

The halls of MAD resonate with rhythmic beats and a kaleidoscope of personalities. Netra’s day at MAD University began with an accidental paint spill on the floor but finds herself in an amusing predicament when the female restroom is locked, leading to an unexpected visit to the male restroom. As Netra hurriedly cleans her paint-stained leg in the male restroom, she unexpectedly encounters Sulekha, quickly forming an unlikely bond in the chaos. Their moment is disrupted by the imminent arrival of others, forcing them to seek refuge inside a cubicle. They soon find themselves caught in the midst of a group of boys, preparing for a confrontation against the welfare students (BGs), setting the stage for an unexpected and tense situation. While Sulekha skillfully slips out of the cubicle and makes her exit from the male restroom, Netra inadvertently immersed in the situation covertly documenting the actions of the boys to unravel secrets and tensions brewing within the university's student body to the police.

Amidst the ongoing orientation session for newcomers admitted through the welfare quota at MAD, chaos erupts as a piercing fire alarm disrupts the proceedings, sending everyone into a frenzy to evacuate the rooms. The sudden alarm sets off a whirlwind of panic, scattering students and faculty alike, shrouding the orientation in uncertainty and urgency. As the crowd converges at a designated spot during the chaos, tension thickens as the OG dance group 'Ruthless' (composed of Ishaan, [[Rihanna]], Figo, Sam, and Neil), standing as gatekeeper of opposition, launch an aggressive proclamation. They challenge the legitimacy of the welfare students (BGs), asserting that MAD is solely for proficient dancers, insinuating that the BGs don't belong. To remain at MAD, they must prove their worth, setting the stage for a high-stakes test of skill and resilience in the face of exclusion and discrimination.

Amid the escalating tension, the instructors find themselves trapped in their classrooms, and even the principal of MAD is confined within his own office. However, the principal manages to break free and intervenes to halt the brewing conflict. Chaos erupts once more with the arrival of the police, summoned by a panicked call, further intensifying the already tumultuous situation. This adds an unexpected layer of complexity to the unfolding drama at MAD.

In the MAD girl dormitory, Kiran stumbled upon a series of photos on Netra's phone capturing the morning chaos. Instantly struck by curiosity, Kiran found herself grappling with the implications of Netra having these pictures and their potential connection to recent events. Confused yet determined, Kiran confronted Netra, seeking an explanation for the startling discovery.

Figo, Sam, and Neil are ruthlessly examining Sulekha's history at MAD despite her setbacks, while also casting suspicion on Amit due to his previous stance against ragging this morning, possibly suspecting their involvement in a protest against the BGs and police involvement. Meanwhile, Rihanna shares a moment with Ravjeet, Club Raven's owner, while Ishaan engages in flirtatious dance moves with a girl. Suddenly, Ravjeet receives a call from his fiancée, prompting a hasty departure. Ishaan intervenes, urging a tearful Rihanna to release her grip on Ravjeet. Amidst this drama, Ishaan receives a call detailing an ongoing altercation at MAD.

Amidst the escalating scrutiny on Sulekha, Netra decides to step forward. Breaking her silence, she admits to the startling revelation: it was she who made the call to the police at MAD. Her unexpected confession sends shockwaves through the already tense atmosphere, reshaping the narrative. The revelation of Netra's involvement in the call to the police becomes the tipping point in an already tense situation. As tensions escalate between Ruthless and the new BGs group — comprising Netra, Amit, Kiran, and Sulekha.

As Rihanna attempts to support her team and quell the fight, Ishaan takes a different approach. Spotting a scuffle between two inebriated instructors, he intervenes by loudly announcing, in his commanding voice, that the principal is en route, only to defuse the situation and redirect attention away from the altercation.

The following morning, the principal faces the challenging task of disciplining Ruthless by demoting them to a beginner level. In a bid to restore MAD's tarnished reputation, the principal proposes that Team Ruthless participate in Club Raven's street dance competition. Meanwhile, Netra, who's been investigating MAD's potential involvement in her father's demise, uncovers a potential link to Club Raven, adding another layer of intrigue to the situation. Hence, Netra takes a bold stance, challenging the principal's decision to exclusively feature Ruthless in the street dance competition. Netra urges for inclusivity, advocating for opportunities for all to showcase their skills.

After a deliberation, a middle ground is reached: an intra-college dance competition will be held, providing a platform for Ruthless and Netra's new BGs group to compete. The winning team will earn the opportunity to represent MAD at the street dance competition. This decision sets the stage for a thrilling competition within MAD, fueling excitement and anticipation among the teams, as both they prepare to vie for the chance to restore MAD's prestige and compete on a larger scale.

As the dance competition draws closer, Ishaan discreetly aids Netra in assembling a team. He takes the initiative to organize a fresher's party, setting the stage for budding camaraderie and collaboration among the students. Netra and Ishaan's bond deepens amidst the vibrancy of the fresher's party. Their evolving relationship becomes a cornerstone in the midst of the escalating competition preparations. Amidst the festivities, new secret pairs, Malang and Rihanna, along with Sulekha and Figo, emerge within MAD's dance community, adding another dimension to the evolving dynamics. Despite their initial conflict, Neil found himself drawn to Malang, leading to a significant shift as they engaged in a flirtatious dance outside the party hall, suggesting a change in their relationship dynamic.

With an intra-college dance showdown established, both Ruthless and Netra's new BGs group gear up to showcase their prowess. The university buzzes with anticipation as the rival teams prepare to compete for the coveted chance to represent MAD at the street dance competition. As rehearsals intensify and tension mounts, the dance floor becomes a stage for redemption and aspiration. The stage is set for a thrilling chapter in the university's story. The dance showdown takes an unexpected turn as tensions surge between Ruthless and Netra's BGs group. Ruthless's performance, suspected of copying Netra's choreography, ignites a firestorm of controversy. The atmosphere becomes charged with accusations and frustration within Netra's group, feeling their hard work and creativity has been stolen.

After an initial indignation against Netra's team, the truth emerges and spreads like wildfire across the university: Ruthless indeed replicated Netra's group's choreography. Netra discloses that Malang, a member of her team, has divulged their dance choreography to Ruthless. His actions, driven by lingering feelings for Rihanna, trigger a wave of uncertainty and distrust among the team members. The principal, incensed by the betrayal of trust, intervenes decisively. In a bold move to restore integrity for MAD, the principal demanded a merger between Ruthless and Netra's BGs group. Together, they are to represent Team MAD at the street dance competition. The forced alliance becomes a crucible for collaboration, reconciliation, and innovation.

Determined to unravel the truth, she ventures into the exclusive confines of the Club Raven, only to encounter the strict entry protocols barring her way. Club Raven, shrouded in secrecy, admits only members or those invited, adding another layer of mystery to the elusive establishment. Amidst her covert exploration within Club Raven, Netra's presence is discovered by Ishaan, a member of the club. Their unexpected encounter sets the stage for a clandestine interaction, sparking curiosity and intrigue as Ishaan navigates Netra's tenacity to enter Club Raven. Ishaan's presence in this setting also raises questions about his role in the club and the secrets he might hold regarding Constable Lokhande's assassination.

While the burgeoning feelings for Ishaan tug at Netra's heart, the haunting mystery surrounding her father's death remains an unyielding beacon, urging her to stay focused on her ultimate goal. The conflict within Netra intensifies as she grapples with the balancing act of love and pursuit of truth, knowing that she cannot afford to let emotions deter her from seeking closure for her father's tragic fate. Navigating this intricate web of emotions and aspirations becomes a test of Netra's resolve and resilience, as she strives to reconcile her personal yearnings with her unwavering determination to unveil the truth, all while standing at the precipice of a defining dance competition. Caught between the intense preparation for the dance competition and the relentless pursuit of her father's murderer, Netra struggles to find a balance. Her wavering commitment stems from the overwhelming weight of these dual objectives, each demanding her undivided attention and dedication.

Netra's divided focus and inner conflict take a toll on her leadership within Team MAD, impacting their performance in street dance competition. Her inability to fully commit to either objective reflects in her preparation and cohesion, leading to an underwhelming performance in the competitions. Facing the consequences of her divided attention, Netra regrets with a realization that her inability to fully commit may have contributed to the team's setbacks.

The decline in Netra's attention and her lack of introspection in her dance performances become concerning indicators of her struggle after the competition. Recognizing these signs, the principal takes the initiative to inform the student counselor about the situation, prompting a conversation between the counselor and Shashank Shekhawat, Netra's guardian. The meeting between Netra's student counselor and her guardian served as a pivotal moment in Netra's life. Shekhawat, recognizing Netra's inner turmoil and her relentless pursuit of her father's assassin, engages in a heart-to-heart conversation with her. During their candid discussion, Shekhawat, understanding the weight of Netra's goals, encourages her to prioritize her passion for dance over her quest for justice for her father. He emphasizes the importance of focusing on her future rather than the past, her talent and passion for dance, urging her to channel her energies into honing her skills and seizing opportunities in the dance world. This conversation triggers a transformation within Netra, creating a new facet of her character.

In a proactive attempt to restore MAD's image and reignite its standing in the dance community, Netra approaches the principal with a proposal. During her conversation with the principal, Netra pitches the idea of an inter-university dance competition as a platform to rejuvenate MAD's reputation, aimed at awarding the diverse talent and fostering a sense of healthy competition among the dance community. The principal, recognizing the potential of Netra's proposal to rally the students and elevate MAD's presence, lends support to the idea.

Her growing bond with Ishaan adds a new dimension to her journey, offering support and companionship as she navigates the complexities of her aspirations and personal goals. Moreover, the leads Netra uncovers regarding her father's death signify a significant breakthrough in her quest for justice. These discoveries mark a turning point, providing renewed hope and motivation for Netra to unravel the mystery surrounding her father's demise.

== Cast ==
* [[Shantanu Maheshwari]] as Ishaan Mehrotra
* [[Shruti Sinha]] as Netra Lokhande aka Netra Kumari
* Tanvi Gadkari as Rihaana Oberoi
* [[Sahaj Singh Chahal]] as Neil Oberoi
* Harsh Dingwanii as Malang
* Dhanshree Yadav as Sam
* Rohan Pal as Figo
* Tanya Bhushan as Sulekha
* [[Teriya Magar]] as Kiran
* [[Adnan Khan]] as Amit
* [[Roop Durgapal]] as Piyali
* Manish poonam as moksh
* Dipankana das as pakhi
* [[Chandan K Anand]] as Inspector Shashank Shekhawat
* Gulshan Nain as Ravjeet
* [[Manini Mishra|Manini De]] as Tapasvi
* [[Sushant Divgikar]] as Taha([[cameo appearance]])

== Episodes ==
{{Main|List of Campus Beats episodes}}
{{Series overview
| caption =
| color1 = #FFC0CB
| link1 = #Season 1 (2023)
| episodes1 = 10
| released1 = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|09|21}}
| color2 = #FD5B8C
| link2 = #Season 2 (2023)
| episodes2 = 10
| released2 = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|10|20}}
| color3 = #FF4FB1
| link3 = #season 3 (2023)
| episodes3 = 10
| released3 = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|12|05}}
| start3 =
| color4 = #FF0000
| link4 = # Season 4 (2024)
| episodes4 = 15
| released4 = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|11|20}}
| start4 =
| color5 = #FF0000
| link5 = # Season 5 (2025)
| episodes5 = 15
| released5 = {{Start date|df=yes|2025|04|10}}
| start5 =
| color6 = #FF0000
| link6 = # Season 6 (2026)
| episodes6 = 15
| released6 = {{Start date|df=yes|2026|04|29}}
| start6 =
}}

== Production ==
The series was announced for [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon miniTV]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/cinema/teen-drama-series-campus-beats-explores-complexities-of-college-life-736486 | title=Teen drama series 'Campus Beats' explores complexities of college life | website=[[DT Next]] | date=15 September 2023 | access-date=24 October 2023 | archive-date=30 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030042522/https://www.dtnext.in/news/cinema/teen-drama-series-campus-beats-explores-complexities-of-college-life-736486 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/exclusive-campus-beats-creator-palki-malhotra-its-a-natural-gift-to-identify-stars-inherited-it-from-my-father-23311866 | title=Exclusive | Campus Beats creator Palki Malhotra: It's a natural gift to identify stars, inherited it from my father | date=30 September 2023 | access-date=24 October 2023 | archive-date=30 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030042524/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/exclusive-campus-beats-creator-palki-malhotra-its-a-natural-gift-to-identify-stars-inherited-it-from-my-father-23311866 | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Shantanu Maheshwari]], [[Shruti Sinha]], Tanvi Gadkari, Sahaj Singh Chahal, Dhanshree Yadav, Tanya Bhushan, [[Teriya Magar]] and Harsh Dingwanii were approached to star in the series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/campus-beats-on-way-545199|title=Campus Beats on way : The Tribune India|access-date=24 October 2023|archive-date=30 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030042526/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/campus-beats-on-way-545199|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/campus-beats-season-2-returns-554657|title=Campus Beats Season 2 returns : The Tribune India|access-date=24 October 2023|archive-date=24 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024230714/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/campus-beats-season-2-returns-554657|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[principal photography]] of the series commenced in 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/entertainment/shantanu-maheshwari-gets-candid-about-his-role-in-campus-beats-534266 | title=Shantanu Maheshwari gets candid about his role in 'Campus Beats' | date=25 September 2023 | access-date=24 October 2023 | archive-date=30 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030042525/https://www.millenniumpost.in/entertainment/shantanu-maheshwari-gets-candid-about-his-role-in-campus-beats-534266 | url-status=live }}</ref> The trailer of the series was released on 17 September 2023, 17 October 2023 and 5 December 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/animal-mansion-24-campus-beats-razakar-new-posters-teasers-and-trailers/cid/1967190 | title=Animal, Mansion 24, Campus Beats, Razakar: New posters, teasers and trailers | access-date=24 October 2023 | archive-date=30 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030042524/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/animal-mansion-24-campus-beats-razakar-new-posters-teasers-and-trailers/cid/1967190 | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Campus Beats
| type = Soundtrack
| artist =
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2023
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc =
}}

{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Tracklisting
| total_length =
| title1 = City Slums
| length1 =
| title2 = Proper Patola
| length2 =
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.amazon.in/minitv/tp/626b2f61-2b36-4059-936d-bf77605e4b43 ''Campus Beats''] on [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon miniTV]]
* {{IMDb title|}}

{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]

Rohan Joshi

2026-05-01T14:02:37Z

JaimieCarrigan:

{{short description|Indian stand-up comedian}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox YouTube personality
| name = Rohan Joshi
| birth_place = Mumbai, India
| education =
| alma_mater = [[K J Somaiya College of Engineering]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Writer|comedian|YouTuber|television presenter}}
| known_for = AIB
| awards =
| youtube_handle = @rohanjoshi8016
| youtube_display_name = Rohan Joshi

| youtube_years_active = 2018–present
| youtube_genre =
| youtube_subscribers = 186 thousand
| youtube_views = 15.2 million
| stats_update = 1 May 2026{{nu|date=October 2025}}
}}

'''Rohan Joshi''' is a comedian and YouTuber. He was one of founding members of the creative agency ''[[All India Bakchod]]''. Joshi scripted and starred in several YouTube sketches for ''All India Bakchod'', and was one of the co-creators of the satirical news comedy show ''[[On Air with AIB]]''. Now, he runs his own [[YouTube]] channel and makes reaction videos with [[Tanmay Bhat]].

==Early and personal life==
Joshi attended [[K J Somaiya College of Engineering]], but eventually dropped out.<ref>{{cite news |title=AIB Comedian Rohan Joshi tweets experience on being bullied by teacher after reading about Amity student's suicide |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/aib-comedian-rohan-joshi-tweets-experience-on-being-bullied-by-teacher-after-reading-about-amity-student-suicide-2980746/ |work=The Indian Express |date=17 August 2016 |language=en}}</ref> He attended [[Jai Hind College]] and subsequently worked as a journalist for a period of time. Before working for [[CNBC]] and [[Times Now]], Joshi also attended [[Asian College of Journalism]], Chennai, where he received his postgraduate diploma in broadcast journalism.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bhat |first1=Tanmay |author1-link=Tanmay Bhat |title=INDIAN MEDIA REVEIW ft. Kunal Kamra |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2WmiaAk2bg&t=939s |website=youtube.com |format=video |date=July 9, 2025}}</ref>

In 2014, he was reported to be dating Shaheen Bhatt.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-05-24 |title=Alia Bhatt's sister in love! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/alia-bhatts-sister-in-love/articleshow/35543179.cms |access-date=2026-04-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> They broke up in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-21 |title=Alia Bhatt and sister Shaheen spend more time post break-up with Sidharth and Rohan {{!}} Alia Bhatt and sister Shaheen spend more time post break-up with Sidharth and Rohan |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/211217/alia-bhatt-and-sister-shaheen-spend-more-time-post-break-up-with-sidharth-and-rohan.html |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> Joshi is an athiest.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-13 |title=Global Focus - Coming out as an atheist in multi-faith India |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/asia-pacific/20170909-coming-one |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=RFI |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
In the late 2000s, Joshi was a contributor to ''JLT'', a humour magazine based in Mumbai.<ref name="HuffPo"/> In addition to performing across India, Joshi served as a humour columnist for several publications including ''[[Mid-Day]]''. In 2011, he performed at the [[Edinburgh Fringe Festival]]. In 2011 and 2012, he co-wrote the [[Filmfare]] awards. In addition, he has performed in over 250 shows.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oml.in/artists/comedy/rohan-joshi/ |website=Only Much Louder|title=Rohan Joshi | Only Much Louder}}</ref> Joshi spent a couple of years at [[Vir Das]]'s comedy platform Weirdass, writing live comedy shows with [[Tanmay Bhat]] and Ashish Shakya. With Gursimran Khamba, they co-wrote television scripts and jokes for MTV, [[Channel V India|Channel V]], and the [[Filmfare Awards]]. In 2013, the four started the SoundCloud podcast ''[[All India Bakchod]]'' (AIB).<ref name="HuffPo"/> Joshi scripted and starred in several YouTube sketches for ''All India Bakchod'', and was a co-creator of the satirical news comedy show ''[[On Air with AIB]]''. Following controversy and sexual misconduct allegations against AIB members, the comedy company ceased operating in 2018.<ref name="HuffPo">{{cite news |last1=Pathak |first1=Ankur |title=Woke To Broke: The Stunning Rise And Fall Of AIB |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/aib-tanmay-bhat-rohan-joshi-collapse_in_5cf38febe4b0e8085e3b5060 |date=2 June 2019 |accessdate=2 August 2019 |publisher=Huffington Post India}}</ref>

In April 2019, Joshi confirmed that he was working on an hour-long stand-up comedy special for [[Amazon Prime Video]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Arora |first1=Akhil |title=Rohan Joshi Working on Stand-Up Comedy Special for Amazon Prime Video |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/rohan-joshi-stand-up-comedy-special-amazon-prime-video-2019-oml-2020266 |website=Gadgets 360 |publisher=NDTV}}</ref> On 10 January 2020, Joshi's special ''Wake N Bake'' was released on [[Amazon Prime Video]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pallavi |first=Krishna Priya |date=2020-01-13 |title=Wake N Bake Review: Rohan Joshi gives you a privilege check, but with a few good laughs |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/wake-n-bake-review-rohan-joshi-gives-you-a-privilege-check-but-with-a-few-good-laughs-1636408-2020-01-13 |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
Joshi's tweet over comedian [[Raju Srivastav]]'s death caused widespread outrage on Twitter. He later deleted his tweet and issued a clarification.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-21 |title=Rohan Joshi faces backlash for saying 'good riddance' on Raju Srivastava's death |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/rohan-joshi-faces-backlash-for-saying-good-riddance-on-raju-srivastava-s-death-101663769076889.html |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-22 |title=Rohan Joshi apologizes after being trolled for insensitive remark on Raju Srivastava: 'Not about my personal…' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/rohan-joshi-apologises-after-being-trolled-for-insensitive-remark-on-raju-srivastava-8165492/ |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Actor
!Producer
!Notes
|-
|2016
|''[[Baar Baar Dekho]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
|
|-
|rowspan=3|2020
|''Wake N Bake''
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|Comedy stand-up special
|-
|''[[Chintu Ka Birthday]]''
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
|Film released on [[ZEE5]]
|-
|''[[Mentalhood]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
|Web series released on [[ALTBalaji]] and ZEE5<ref>{{Cite web|last=Siddiqui|first=Aqsa Akbani|title=Rohan Joshi bags ALTBalaji's Mentalhood|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/digital/rohan-joshi-bags-altbalaji-s-mentalhood-200211|access-date=2021-07-15|website=Tellychakkar.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[India's Got Latent]]''
|{{No}}
|{{No}}
|Guest judge
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian comedians]]
* [[List of stand-up comedians]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search =
|d = yes
|d-search =
|portal1 = Biography
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Rohan}}
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian stand-up comedians]]
[[Category:Comedians from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Indian comedy YouTubers]]

Next Generation Cup

2026-04-30T23:12:45Z

JaimieCarrigan:

{{Short description|PL and ISL Joint Tournament}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox football tournament
|logo = Prem NXT Gen Cup logo.png
|organiser = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Premier League]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Indian Super League]] {{flagicon|RSA}} [[South African Premiership|SA Premiership]]
|founded = {{start date and age|2020}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=History in Timeline of Indian Football|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/history|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308124507/http://www.the-aiff.com/history|archive-date=8 March 2020|access-date=2021-02-15|website=All India Football Federation}}</ref>
|number of teams = 6–8
|current champions = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. Development Squad and Academy|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] (1st title)
|most successful team = {{fbaicon|RSA}} [[Stellenbosch FC|Stellenbosch]] (2 titles)
|related comps = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Professional Development League#Premier League 2|Premier League 2]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Reliance Foundation Development League|Development League]] {{flagicon|RSA}} [[PSL Reserve League]]
|broadcasters = [[YouTube]] ([[livestreaming|live streaming]])
|website =
|current =
}}

The '''Premier League Next Generation Cup''' or '''Prem NXT Gen Cup''', is a youth [[association football|football]] tournament organised by the [[Premier League]] in collaboration with [[Indian Super League]] and [[South African Premier Division]], as part of the Premier League Youth Games initiative.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dc |first=Chitrangada |date=2019-03-02 |title=Premier League & Indian Super League to start Youth Games; Arsenal, Leicester City youth teams to play ISL club |url=https://www.mykhel.com/football/premier-league-isl-start-youth-games-arsenal-leicester-city-youth-teams-play-isl-club-111743.html |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=mykhel.com |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527070136/https://www.mykhel.com/football/premier-league-isl-start-youth-games-arsenal-leicester-city-youth-teams-play-isl-club-111743.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Next Generation Mumbai Cup fixtures and how to follow the tournament |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/features/next-generation-mumbai-cup-fixtures-and-how-to-follow-the-tournament |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=Indian Super League |language=en |archive-date=18 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018053134/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/features/next-generation-mumbai-cup-fixtures-and-how-to-follow-the-tournament |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rising talents shine on Indian stage |url=http://www.premierleague.com/news/1748722 |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=www.premierleague.com |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527071102/https://www.premierleague.com/news/1748722 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== History ==
In 2019, as a part of the Premier League Youth Games initiative, youth players of [[Arsenal F.C.]] and [[Leicester City FC]] visited India to play against [[Reliance Foundation Youth Sports#Reliance Foundation Young Champs|RFYC]] and [[Mumbai City FC]] youth teams.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Premier League-ISL: Richard Garlick hoping to see Indian players in England {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/premier-league-isl-richard-garlick-india/saa3d97ux47814pyciezrqlcq |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=www.goal.com |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527080256/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/premier-league-isl-richard-garlick-india/saa3d97ux47814pyciezrqlcq |url-status=live }}</ref>
First edition of the Next Generation Cup was organised at Reliance Corporate Park in [[Navi Mumbai]]. 6 teams took part in the competition, three Indian Super League U-15 teams and three Premier League U-14 teams.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |title=PL-ISL Next Gen Mumbai Cup: Bengaluru, Southampton settle for draw |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/pl-isl-next-gen-mumbai-cup-bengaluru-fc-goa-manchester-united-chelsea-southampton/article30906726.ece |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=Sportstar |date=24 February 2020 |language=en |archive-date=29 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629080807/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/pl-isl-next-gen-mumbai-cup-bengaluru-fc-goa-manchester-united-chelsea-southampton/article30906726.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{clear}}

== Winners ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;"
!Year
!{{small|Host}}
!Winners
!Ref.
|-
|2020
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Navi Mumbai]]
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chelsea F.C. Academy|Chelsea]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-24 |title=Next Generation Mumbai Cup 2020: Fixtures, where to watch and more |url=https://khelnow.com/football/next-generation-mumbai-cup-2020-fixtures-live-streaming-announced/ |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=Khel Now |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Leicester]] (Midlands/Group A)
|{{flagicon|SA}} [[Stellenbosch F.C.|Stellenbosch]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-07-31|title=Stellies thump Leicester to win Next Generation Cup|url=https://supersport.com/football/dstv-diski-challenge/news/5b042b16-1d3d-433e-b98e-12266de9655e/stellies_thump_leicester_to_win_next_generation_cup|website=Super Sport|language=en-US|access-date=10 May 2023|archive-date=29 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329083026/https://supersport.com/favicon.ico?v=xQd4x5levN|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[London]] (London/Group B)
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[West Ham United F.C. Under-21s and Academy|West Ham United]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Next Gen Cup Final Highlights: Tottenham Hotspur 0-8 U19s {{!}} West Ham United F.C. |url=http://www.whufc.com/news/next-gen-cup-final-highlights-tottenham-hotspur-0-8-u19s |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=www.whufc.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Navi Mumbai]]
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. Development Squad and Academy|Wolverhampton Wanderers]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wolves edge Stellenbosch FC on penalties to lift PL Next Gen Cup title |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/press-releases/wolves-edge-stellenbosch-fc-on-penalties-to-lift-pl-next-gen-cup-title |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=Indian Super League |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[London]]
|{{fbaicon|RSA}} [[Stellenbosch FC|Stellenbosch]] (2)
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stellenbosch FC vs Tottenham Hotspur Live {{!}} Next Generation Cup 2024 |url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-next-generation-cup-stellenbosch-fc-vs-tottenham-hotspur-live-202408 |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}</ref>
|}

== 2020 tournament ==
=== Teams ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
|+ Under–14 and under–15 tournament
!{{flagicon|ENG}} English teams
!{{flagicon|IND}} Indian teams
|-
|[[Manchester United Academy|Manchester United]]
|[[Reliance Foundation Young Champs|RFYC]]
|-
|[[Chelsea F.C. Academy|Chelsea]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Next Gen Mumbai {{!}} Official Site {{!}} Chelsea Football Club |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/international/india/india-news/2020/02/next-gen-mumbai |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=ChelseaFC |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527070832/https://www.chelseafc.com/en/international/india/india-news/2020/02/next-gen-mumbai |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[FC Goa]]
|-
|[[Southampton F.C. B team and Academy|Southampton]]
|[[Bengaluru FC]]
|}

=== League stage ===
''All matches played at Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, [[Navi Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].''

{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|update=complete
|show_matches=y
|source=[https://khelnow.com/football/next-generation-mumbai-cup-2020-fixtures-live-streaming-announced KhelNow]


|team1=CHE
|team2=MNU
|team3=RFYC
|team4=FCG
|team5=SOU
|team6=BEN


|win_FCG= 3|draw_FCG= 0|loss_FCG= 2|gf_FCG= 4|ga_FCG=10
|win_CHE= 5|draw_CHE= 0|loss_CHE= 0|gf_CHE=15|ga_CHE=1
|win_MNU= 3|draw_MNU= 0|loss_MNU= 2|gf_MNU=12|ga_MNU=4
|win_RFYC=3|draw_RFYC=0|loss_RFYC=2|gf_RFYC=7|ga_RFYC=4
|win_SOU= 0|draw_SOU= 1|loss_SOU= 4|gf_SOU= 2|ga_SOU=10
|win_BEN= 0|draw_BEN= 1|loss_BEN= 4|gf_BEN= 3|ga_BEN=14




|name_RFYC={{flagicon|IND}} [[Reliance Foundation Young Champs|RFYC]]
|name_CHE={{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chelsea F.C. Academy|Chelsea]]
|name_FCG={{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Goa]]
|name_SOU={{flagicon|ENG}} [[Southampton F.C. B team and Academy|Southampton]]
|name_BEN={{flagicon|IND}} [[Bengaluru FC]]
|name_MNU={{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United Academy|Manchester United]]




|res_col_header=Q
|result1=KO
|col_KO=green1|text_KO= Champions


|match_FCG_MNU = 0-4
|match_RFYC_CHE = 1-3
|match_SOU_BEN = 1-1
|match_CHE_MNU = 1-0
|match_SOU_RFYC = 0-3
|match_BEN_FCG = 1-2
|match_RFYC_BEN = null
|match_CHE_SOU = 2-0
|match_MNU_BEN = 5-1
|match_CHE_FCG = 5-0
|match_BEN_RFYC = 0-2
|match_RFYC_FCG = 0-1
|match_SOU_MNU = 1-3
|match_CHE_BEN = 4-0
|match_FCG_SOU = 1-0
|match_MNU_RFYC = 0-1
|match_CHE_RFYC = null
|match_BEN_SOU = null
|match_MNU_FCG = null
|match_MNU_CHE = null
|match_RFYC_SOU = null
|match_FCG_BEN = null
|match_SOU_CHE = null
|match_BEN_MNU = null
|match_FCG_CHE = null
|match_FCG_RFYC = null
|match_MNU_SOU = null
|match_BEN_CHE = null
|match_SOU_FCG = null
|match_RFYC_MNU = null
}}</onlyinclude>

== 2022 tournament ==
=== Teams ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;white-space:nowrap;"
|+ Under-21 tournament<ref name=2022t>{{Cite web |title=All you need to know about Next Generation Cup 2022 |url=https://khelnow.com/football/next-gen-cup-2022-kbfc-bfc-fixtures-schedule-teams-venues-results-live-streaming |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Khel Now |language=English}}</ref>
!{{flagicon|ENG}} English teams
!Group
!{{flagicon|IND}} Indian teams
!Group
!{{flagicon|RSA}} South African team
!Group
|-
|[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Under-23s and Academy|Tottenham Hotspur]]
|London (B)
|[[Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy|Kerala Blasters]]
|London (B)
|[[Stellenbosch F.C.|Stellenbosch FC]]
|Midlands (A)
|-
|[[Leicester City F.C. Under-23s and Academy|Leicester City]]
|Midlands (A)
|[[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru]]
|Midlands (A)
|
|
|-
|[[West Ham United F.C. Under-23s and Academy|West Ham United]]
|London (B)
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]]
|London (B)
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Nottingham Forest F.C. Under-23s, Under-18s and Academy|Nottingham Forest]]
|Midlands (A)
|
|
|
|
|}

=== Midlands (Group A) ===
''All matches played at Leicester City F.C. Training Ground, [[Leicester]], [[East Midlands]], [[United Kingdom]].''<ref name=2022t/>
<section begin=Midlands (Group A) />
{{4TeamBracket|nowrap=y
| score-width = 75px
| team-width = 150px
| RD2=Final<ref name=2022t/>
| RD1-seed1 = 1
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Leicester City F.C. Under-23s and Academy|Leicester City]]'''
| RD1-score1 = '''6'''
| RD1-seed2 = 2
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru]]
| RD1-score2 = 3
| RD1-seed3 = 3
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Nottingham Forest F.C. Under-23s, Under-18s and Academy|Nottingham Forest]]
| RD1-score3 = 1
| RD1-seed4 = 4
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|SA}} [[Stellenbosch F.C.|Stellenbosch l]]'''
| RD1-score4 = '''4'''
| RD2-seed1 = 1
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Leicester City F.C. Under-23s and Academy|Leicester City]]
| RD2-score1 = 2
| RD2-seed2 = 4
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|SA}} [[Stellenbosch F.C.|Stellenbosch]]'''
| RD2-score2 = '''7'''
| RD2b = Third place
| RD2-seed3 = 2
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru]]
| RD2-score3 = 1
| RD2-seed4 = 3
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Nottingham Forest F.C. Under-23s, Under-18s and Academy|Nottingham Forest]]'''
| RD2-score4 = '''6'''
}}<section end=Midlands (Group A) />
{{align|center|Sources:<ref name=2022t/>}}

=== London (Group B) ===
''All matches played at Hotspur Way, [[Tottenham]], [[London]], [[United Kingdom]].''<ref name=2022t/>
<section begin=London (Group B) />
{{4TeamBracket|nowrap=y
| score-width = 75px
| team-width = 150px
| RD2=Final<ref name=2022t/>
| RD1-seed1 = 1
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Under-23s and Academy|Tottenham Hotspur]]'''
| RD1-score1 = 7
| RD1-seed2 = 2
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy|Kerala Blasters]]
| RD1-score2 =0
| RD1-seed3 = 3
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]]
| RD1-score3 = 3
| RD1-seed4 = 4
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|ENG}} [[West Ham United F.C. Under-23s and Academy|West Ham United]]'''
| RD1-score4 = '''4'''
| RD2-seed1 = 1
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Under-23s and Academy|Tottenham Hotspur]]
| RD2-score1 = 0
| RD2-seed2 = 4
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|ENG}} [[West Ham United F.C. Under-23s and Academy|West Ham United]]'''
| RD2-score2 = '''8'''
| RD2b = Third place
| RD2-seed3 = 2
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy|Kerala Blasters]]
| RD2-score3 = 1
| RD2-seed4 = 3
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]]'''
| RD2-score4 = '''4'''
}}<section end=London (Group B) />
{{align|center|Sources:<ref name=2022t/>}}

== 2023 tournament ==
=== Teams ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;white-space:nowrap;"
|+ Under-21 tournament
!{{flagicon|IND}} Indian teams
!Group
!{{flagicon|ENG}} English teams
!Group
!{{flagicon|RSA}} South African team
!Group
|-
|[[Mohun Bagan SG Youth and Academy|Mohun Bagan SG]]
|A
|[[Everton F.C. Reserves and Academy|Everton]]
|B
|[[Stellenbosch F.C.|Stellenbosch FC]]
|A
|-
|[[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru]]
|A
|[[West Ham United F.C. Under-21s and Academy|West Ham United]]
|A
|
|
|-
|[[Reliance Foundation Young Champs|RFYC]]
|B
|[[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. Development Squad and Academy|Wolverhampton Wanderers]]
|B
|
|
|-
|[[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]
|B
|
|
|
|
|}

=== Group stage ===
''All matches played at Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, [[Navi Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].''

=== Group A ===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|update=complete
|section=League table
|source=[https://www.rfyouthsports.com/football/rfdl/standings RFDL], [https://www.premierleague.com/next-gen-cup/ PL]
|show_groups=no
|show_matches=yes


|team1= STB
|team3= MBSG
|team2= WHAM
|team4= BEN


|win_MBSG= |draw_MBSG=2 |loss_MBSG=1 |gf_MBSG=1 |ga_MBSG=3 |status_MBSG= 
|win_BEN= |draw_BEN=1 |loss_BEN=2 |gf_BEN= |ga_BEN=5 |status_BEN= 
|win_WHAM=1 |draw_WHAM=2 |loss_WHAM= |gf_WHAM=8 |ga_WHAM=4 |status_WHAM= 
|win_STB=2 |draw_STB=1 |loss_STB= |gf_STB=6 |ga_STB=3 |status_STB= 


|res_col_header=Q
|result1=KO
|col_KO=green1|text_KO= Advance to final
|result2=KP
|col_KP=blue1|text_KP= Advance to third-place playoff
|result3=KQ
|col_KQ=yellow1|text_KQ= Advance to fifth-place playoff
|result4=KS
|col_KS=orange1|text_KS= Advance to seventh-place playoff


|name_MBSG= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohun Bagan SG Youth and Academy|Mohun Bagan SG]]
|name_BEN= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru]]
|name_WHAM= {{flagicon|ENG}} [[West Ham United F.C. Under-21s and Academy|West Ham United]]
|name_STB= {{flagicon|SAF}} [[Stellenbosch FC]]





|match_MBSG_WHAM = null
|match_WHAM_STB = null
|match_WHAM_BEN = 4-0

|match_WHAM_MBSG = 1-1
|match_MBSG_STB = 0-2
|match_MBSG_BEN = 0-0

|match_BEN_MBSG = null
|match_BEN_WHAM = null
|match_BEN_STB = 0-1

|match_STB_MBSG = null
|match_STB_BEN = null
|match_STB_WHAM = 3-3
}}</onlyinclude>

=== Group B ===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|update=complete
|section=League table
|source=[https://www.rfyouthsports.com/football/rfdl/standings RFDL], [https://www.premierleague.com/next-gen-cup/ PL]
|show_groups=no
|show_matches=yes


|team1= WOL
|team3= RFYC
|team4= SUD
|team2= EVE


|win_RFYC=1 |draw_RFYC=0 |loss_RFYC=2 |gf_RFYC=2 |ga_RFYC=4 |status_RFYC= 
|win_EVE=2 |draw_EVE=0 |loss_EVE=1 |gf_EVE=3 |ga_EVE=5 |status_EVE= 
|win_WOL=3 |draw_WOL=0 |loss_WOL=0 |gf_WOL=10 |ga_WOL=0 |status_WOL= 
|win_SUD=0 |draw_SUD=0 |loss_SUD=3 |gf_SUD=0 |ga_SUD=6 |status_SUD= 


|res_col_header=Q
|result1=KO
|col_KO=green1|text_KO= Advance to final
|result2=KP
|col_KP=blue1|text_KP= Advance to third-place playoff
|result3=KQ
|col_KQ=yellow1|text_KQ= Advance to fifth-place playoff
|result4=KS
|col_KS=orange1|text_KS= Advance to seventh-place playoff


|name_RFYC= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Reliance Foundation Young Champs|RFYC]]
|name_EVE= {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Everton F.C. Reserves and Academy|Everton]]
|name_WOL= {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. Development Squad and Academy|Wolverhampton Wanderers]]
|name_SUD= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]






|match_WOL_SUD = 4-0
|match_WOL_RFYC = 2-0
|match_WOL_EVE = null

|match_EVE_SUD = null
|match_EVE_WOL = 0-4
|match_EVE_RFYC = 2-1

|match_RFYC_EVE = null
|match_RFYC_WOL = null
|match_RFYC_SUD = null

|match_SUD_RFYC = 0-1
|match_SUD_WOL = null
|match_SUD_EVE = 1-0
}}</onlyinclude>

=== Placement matches ===
''All matches played at Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, [[Navi Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].''
{{OneLegStart}}
|+7th place play-off<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/pl-next-gen-cup-bengaluru-fc-wrap-up-campaign-with-a-2-1-win-over-sudeva-delhi-fc|title=PL Next Gen Cup: Bengaluru FC wrap up campaign with a 2–1 win over Sudeva Delhi FC|date=25 May 2023|access-date=26 May 2023|website=indiansuperleague.com|archive-date=26 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526051308/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/pl-next-gen-cup-bengaluru-fc-wrap-up-campaign-with-a-2-1-win-over-sudeva-delhi-fc}}</ref>
{{OneLegResult|'''[[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru]]'''|IND|2–1|[[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]|IND}}
{{end}}
{{OneLegStart}}
|+ 5th place play-off
{{OneLegResult|[[Mohun Bagan SG Youth and Academy|Mohun Bagan SG]]|IND|0–4|'''[[Reliance Foundation Young Champs|RFYC]]'''|IND}}
{{end}}
{{OneLegStart}}
|+ 3rd place play-off
{{OneLegResult|'''[[West Ham United F.C. Under-21s and Academy|West Ham United]]'''|ENG|3–0|[[Everton F.C. Reserves and Academy|Everton]]|ENG}}
{{end}}
{{OneLegStart}}
|+ Grand Final
{{OneLegResult|[[Stellenbosch F.C.|Stellenbosch]]|SA|1–1 {{pso|4–5}}|'''[[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. Development Squad and Academy|Wolverhampton Wanderers]]'''|ENG}}
{{end}}
{{align|center|Sources: [https://www.rfyouthsports.com/football/rfdl/schedule-fixtures RFDL], [https://www.premierleague.com/next-gen-cup/ PL]}}

==2024 tournament==
===Teams===
{|class=wikitable
|-
!No.
!Teams<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/4047582#:~:text=The%20fifth%20edition%20of%20the,Punjab%20FC%20and%20Stellenbosch%20FC.|title=Eight-team tournament returns as part of Premier League's commitment to develop the game across the world|website=premierleague.com|access-date=10 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/next-gen-cup-2024-punjab-beats-aston-villa-east-bengal-vs-crystal-palace-muthoot-vs-everton-match-results/article68487094.ece|title=Next Gen Cup 2024: Punjab FC beats Aston Villa to extend historic run; East Bengal, Muthoot FA thrashed on final matchday|first1=Neeladri|last1=Bhattacharjee|publisher=[[Sportstar]]|website=sportstar.thehindu.com|location=Birmingham|date=5 August 2024|access-date=5 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807133300/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/next-gen-cup-2024-punjab-beats-aston-villa-east-bengal-vs-crystal-palace-muthoot-vs-everton-match-results/article68487094.ece|archive-date=7 August 2024}}</ref>
!Group
!Qualifiers
|-
!1
|{{fbaicon|IND}} [[Muthoot Football Academy|Muthoot]]
|B
|rowspan=3|[[2024 Reliance Foundation Development League|2024 RFDL Championship stage]]
|-
!2
|{{fbaicon|IND}} [[Punjab FC Reserves and Academy|Punjab]]
|B
|-
!3
|{{nowrap|{{fbaicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC Reserves and Academy|East Bengal]]}}
|B
|-
!4
|{{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Aston Villa FC Reserves and Academy|Aston Villa]]
|A
|rowspan=4|[[2023–24 Professional U21 Development League#Premier League 2|2023–24 Premier League 2]]
|-
!5
|{{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Everton F.C. Reserves and Academy|Everton]]
|A
|-
!6
|{{nowrap|{{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Under-23s and Academy|Tottenham Hotspur]]}}
|A
|-
!7
|{{nowrap|{{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]]}}
|A
|-
!8
|{{fbaicon|RSA}} [[Stellenbosch FC|Stellenbosch]]
|B
|[[PSL Reserve League|2023–24 PSL Reserve League]]
|}

===League stage===
''All matches played at main and secondary pitches of [[Bodymoor Heath Training Ground]], [[Tamworth, Staffordshire]], [[London]], [[England]]. The league stage consists of eight teams with each team playing against any three of the seven other teams only. These teams are pre-seeded into two groups and the placement matches are decided via their positions in those respective groups. Aside from regular match and scoring system, a [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalty shootout]] is held after each match, irrespective of the regular match. The winner of the penalty shootout gets an additional bonus point in their points table.''
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL OT
|update=complete
|show_groups=T
|show_matches=y
|source=
|OTwin_header=<abbr title="Won penalties">PW</abbr>
|OTloss_header=<abbr title="Lost penalties">PL</abbr>
|OTwinpoints=1
|OTlosspoints=0

|team1=TOT |group_TOT='''A'''
|team2=ASV |group_ASV='''A'''
|team3=STB |group_STB='''B'''
|team4=EVT |group_EVT='''A'''
|team5=CRP |group_CRP='''A'''
|team6=PUN |group_PUN='''B'''
|team7=MUT |group_MUT='''B'''
|team8=EAB |group_EAB='''B'''


|win_EAB=0 |draw_EAB=0 |OTwin_EAB=0 |OTloss_EAB=3 |loss_EAB=3 |gf_EAB=0 |ga_EAB=11 |status_EAB= 
|win_TOT=2 |draw_TOT=0 |OTwin_TOT=3 |OTloss_TOT=0 |loss_TOT=1 |gf_TOT=7 |ga_TOT=1 |status_TOT= 
|win_MUT=0 |draw_MUT=0 |OTwin_MUT=1 |OTloss_MUT=2 |loss_MUT=3 |gf_MUT=0 |ga_MUT=8 |status_MUT= 
|win_PUN=1 |draw_PUN=0 |OTwin_PUN=1 |OTloss_PUN=2 |loss_PUN=2 |gf_PUN=4 |ga_PUN=7 |status_PUN= 
|win_EVT=2 |draw_EVT=0 |OTwin_EVT=2 |OTloss_EVT=1 |loss_EVT=1 |gf_EVT=8 |ga_EVT=2 |status_EVT= 
|win_STB=3 |draw_STB=0 |OTwin_STB=0 |OTloss_STB=3 |loss_STB=0 |gf_STB=3 |ga_STB=0 |status_STB= 
|win_CRP=2 |draw_CRP=0 |OTwin_CRP=2 |OTloss_CRP=1 |loss_CRP=1 |gf_CRP=4 |ga_CRP=1 |status_CRP= 
|win_ASV=2 |draw_ASV=0 |OTwin_ASV=3 |OTloss_ASV=0 |loss_ASV=1 |gf_ASV=7 |ga_ASV=3 |status_ASV=H 




|name_MUT={{fbaicon|IND}} [[Muthoot FA|Muthoot]]
|name_TOT={{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Under-23s and Academy|Tottenham]]
|name_PUN={{fbaicon|IND}} [[Punjab FC Reserves and Academy|Punjab]]
|name_EVT={{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Everton F.C. Reserves and Academy|Everton]]
|name_EAB={{fbaicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC Reserves and Academy|East Bengal]]
|name_ASV={{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Aston Villa FC Reserves and Academy|Aston Villa]]
|name_STB={{fbaicon|RSA}} [[Stellenbosch FC|Stellenbosch]]
|name_CRP={{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]]




|res_col_header=Q
|result1=KO |result3=KO
|col_KO=green1|text_KO= Advance to final
|result2=KP |result6=KP
|col_KP=blue1|text_KP= Advance to third-place playoff
|result4=KQ |result7=KQ
|col_KQ=yellow1|text_KQ= Advance to fifth-place playoff
|result5=KS |result8=KS
|col_KS=orange1|text_KS= Advance to seventh-place playoff


|match_PUN_ASV = 2–3 (5–3 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|P]])
|match_PUN_TOT = null
|match_PUN_EVT = null
|match_PUN_MUT = null
|match_PUN_EAB = null
|match_PUN_STB = null
|match_PUN_CRP = null

|match_ASV_PUN = null
|match_ASV_STB = 0-1 (4–3 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|P]])
|match_ASV_EAB = 4-0 (4–2 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|P]])
|match_ASV_TOT = null
|match_ASV_MUT = null
|match_ASV_CRP = null
|match_ASV_EVT = null

|match_EVT_MUT = 1-0 (4–2 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|P]])
|match_EVT_EAB = null
|match_EVT_PUN = 1-2 (3–4 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|P]])
|match_EVT_ASV = null
|match_EVT_TOT = null
|match_EVT_CRP = null
|match_EVT_STB = null

|match_MUT_EVT = null
|match_MUT_CRP = 0-3 (5–4 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|P]])
|match_MUT_TOT = null
|match_MUT_PUN = null
|match_MUT_ASV = null
|match_MUT_STB = null
|match_MUT_EAB = null

|match_CRP_EAB = 1-0 (4–2 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|P]])
|match_CRP_MUT = null
|match_CRP_STB = 0-1 (5–4 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|P]])
|match_CRP_PUN = null
|match_CRP_ASV = null
|match_CRP_TOT = null
|match_CRP_EVT = null

|match_EAB_CRP = null
|match_EAB_EVT = 0-6 (1–4 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|P]])
|match_EAB_ASV = null
|match_EAB_PUN = null
|match_EAB_MUT = null
|match_EAB_TOT = null
|match_EAB_STB = null

|match_STB_TOT = 1-0 (4–5 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|P]])
|match_STB_ASV = null
|match_STB_CRP = null
|match_STB_PUN = null
|match_STB_EVT = null
|match_STB_MUT = null
|match_STB_EAB = null

|match_TOT_STB = null
|match_TOT_PUN = 3-0 (6–5 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|P]])
|match_TOT_MUT = 4-0 (3–2 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|P]])
|match_TOT_ASV = null
|match_TOT_EVT = null
|match_TOT_CRP = null
|match_TOT_EAB = null
}}

===Placement matches===
''All matches played at main and secondary pitches of Bodymoor Heath Training Ground, [[Tamworth, Staffordshire]], [[London]], [[England]] with the final to take place at Loughborough University Stadium, [[Loughborough]], [[Leicestershire]], [[England]].''
{{OneLegStart}}
|+7th place play-off
{{OneLegResult|{{fbaicon|ENG}} '''[[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]]'''||7–1|{{fbaicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC Reserves and Academy|East Bengal]]}}
{{end}}
{{OneLegStart}}
|+ 5th place play-off
{{OneLegResult|{{fbaicon|ENG}} '''[[Everton F.C. Reserves and Academy|Everton]]'''||6–1|{{fbaicon|IND}} [[Muthoot FA|Muthoot]]}}
{{end}}
{{OneLegStart}}
|+ 3rd place play-off
{{OneLegResult|{{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Aston Villa FC Reserves and Academy|Aston Villa]]||0–2|{{fbaicon|IND}} '''[[Punjab FC Reserves and Academy|Punjab]]'''}}
{{end}}
{{OneLegStart}}
|+ Grand Final
{{OneLegResult|{{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Under-23s and Academy|Tottenham]]||0–2|{{fbaicon|RSA}} '''[[Stellenbosch FC|Stellenbosch]]'''}}
{{end}}
{{align|center|Sources: [https://www.rfyouthsports.com/football/rfdl/schedule-fixtures RFDL], [https://www.premierleague.com/next-gen-cup/ PL]}}

==2025 tournament==
===Teams===
{|class=wikitable
|-
!No.
!Teams
!Group
!Qualifiers
|-
!1
|{{fbaicon|IND}} [[Mohun Bagan SG Youth and Academy|Mohun Bagan]]
|
|rowspan=3|[[2025 Reliance Foundation Development League|2024–25 RFDL Championship stage]]
|-
!2
|{{fbaicon|IND}} [[FC Goa Reserves and Academy| Goa]]
|
|-
!3
|{{nowrap|{{fbaicon|IND}} [[Jamshedpur FC Reserves and Academy|Jamshedpur]]
|
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Football in India}}
{{Football in England}}

[[Category:Football cup competitions in India]]
[[Category:Men's football cup competitions in England]]

Gwalior–Sabarmati Superfast Express

2026-04-30T23:02:27Z

JaimieCarrigan: new - done

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Gwalior–Sabarmati Superfast Express
| image=
| caption =
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2018|10|02}}
| last =
| operator = [[North Central Railway zone|North Central Railways]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Gwalior}} (GWL)
| stops = 16
| end = {{stnlnk|Sabarmati}} (SBIB)
| distance = {{convert|977|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 15 hours 40 mins
| frequency = Tri-weekly
| class = [[Indian Railways coaching stock|AC 2 tier]], [[Indian Railways coaching stock|AC 3 tier]], [[Indian Railways coaching stock|Sleeper class]], [[Indian Railways coaching stock|General Unreserved]]
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = E-catering only
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = Available
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 22547 / 22548
| speed = {{convert|130|km/h|0|abbr=on}} maximum, {{convert|62|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The 22547/22548 '''Gwalior–Sabarmati Superfast Express''' is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]] train belonging to [[North Central Railway zone]] of [[Indian Railways]] that run between {{stnlnk|Gwalior Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Sabarmati Junction}} in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deshgujarat.com/2018/06/02/ahmedabad-agra-fort-train-to-be-extended-upto-gwalior-from-october-with-new-name/|title=Ahmedabad – Agra Fort train to be extended upto Gwalior from October with new name|website=Desh Gujarat}}</ref>

It is currently being operated with 22547/22548 train numbers on tri-weekly basis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/agra/agra-cantt-ahmedabad-express-to-be-extended-to-gwalior|title=आगरा कैंट-अहमदाबाद एक्सप्रेस का ग्वालियर तक होगा विस्तार, एक सितंबर से बदलेगा स्टेशन|website=Amarujala}}</ref>

==Coach composition==
The train has standard LHB rakes with max speed of 110 kmph. The train consists of 21 coaches:

* 1 AC II Tier
* 3 AC III Tier
* 9 Sleeper coaches
* 6 General Unreserved
* 2 End-on Generator

==Service==
*The 22547/Gwalior–Ahmedabad Superfast Express has an average speed of 56 km/h and covers 983 km in 17 hrs 35 mins.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/83108|title=22547/Gwalior – Ahmedabad SF Express|website=India Rail Info}}</ref>
*The 22548/Ahmedabad–Gwalior Superfast Express has an average speed of 57 km/h and covers 983 km in 17 hrs 20 mins.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/83107|title=22548/Ahmedabad – Gwalior SF Express|website=India Rail Info}}</ref>

As the average speed of the train is above 55 km/h, as per Indian Railways rules, its fare includes a [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]] surcharge.

==Route and halts==
The important halts of the train are:

* '''{{stnlnk|Gwalior Junction}}'''
* {{stnlnk|Morena}}
* {{stnlnk|Dholpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Agra Cantonment}}
* {{stnlnk|Achhnera Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bharatpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Jaipur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Ajmer Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Beawar}}
* {{stnlnk|Marwar Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Falna}}
* {{stnlnk|Pindwara}}
* {{stnlnk|Abu Road}}
* {{stnlnk|Palanpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Mahesana Junction}}
* '''{{stnlnk|Sabarmati}}'''.

==Schedule==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Train number !! Station code !! Departure station !! Departure time !! Departure day !! Arrival station !! Arrival time !! Arrival day
|-
| 22547 || GWL || Gwalior Junction || 20:10 PM || Sun, Wed, Sat || Sabarmati BG || 11:55 AM || Sun, Mon, Thu
|-
| 22548 || SBIB || Sabarmati BG || 16:50 PM || Tue, Fri, Sat || Gwalior Junction || 09:25 AM || Sun, Wed, Sat
|}

==Rake sharing==
The train shares its rake with 12547/12548 [[Agra Cantt–Ahmedabad Superfast Express|Agra Cantt-Sabarmati Superfast Express]].

==Traction==
As this route is fully electrified, it is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Kanpur|Kanpur Loco Shed]] based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive on its entire journey.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Railways in Western India}}
{{Railways in Northern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gwalior-Ahmedabad Superfast Express}}
[[Category:Superfast Express trains]]
[[Category:Transport in Gwalior]]
[[Category:Transport in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2018]]

Sanjay Dalmia

2026-04-28T19:14:24Z

JaimieCarrigan: put up stub.

{{short description|Indian businessman|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{COI|date=December 2017}}
{{resume-like|date=December 2017}}
{{Undisclosed paid|date=December 2017}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sanjay Dalmia
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1944}}
| birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[British India]]
| alma_mater = [[Delhi University]]
| occupation = Chairman Dalmia Group of Companies
| website = {{URL|http://sanjaydalmia.in}}
| organization = [[Dalmia Group]]
}}

'''Sanjay Dalmia''' (born in 1944) is an Indian businessman. He is the chairman of the [[Dalmia Group]] of Companies, a Delhi-based global business conglomerate and continues to head its charitable trusts.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-corporate/sanjay-dalmia-his-goals-remain-strictly-in-business/article1720663.ece | work=The Hindu Business Line | title=Sanjay Dalmia: His goals remain strictly in business | access-date=18 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711125337/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-corporate/sanjay-dalmia-his-goals-remain-strictly-in-business/article1720663.ece | archive-date=11 July 2017 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Business-Standard">{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/sanjay-dalmia-s-third-innings-textile-retailing-107100901075_1.html|title=Sanjay Dalmia's third innings: Textile retailing – Business Standard News|publisher=business-standard.com|date=9 October 2007|author=Suvi Dogra|newspaper=Business Standard India |accessdate=2016-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822131936/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/sanjay-dalmia-s-third-innings-textile-retailing-107100901075_1.html|archive-date=22 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalmia is associated with trade organizations including the PHD Chamber of Commerce and [[FICCI]] (Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry). He has also been on the board of directors of [[Union Bank of India]], a Member of the Northern Committee of [[IDBI]] (Industrial Development Bank of India).<ref>{{cite web|title=Mr. Sanjay Dalmia|url=http://woxsen.edu.in/site/Business_Advisory_Council.asp?st=Dalmia|website=Woxsen Schools Of Business|access-date=6 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906135154/http://woxsen.edu.in/site/Business_Advisory_Council.asp?st=Dalmia|archive-date=6 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalmia is also a founder director of the "Europe-India Chamber of Commerce" (EICC) with headquarters in Brussels, which was formed with the aim of promoting trade, commerce and investments between India and Europe.<ref>{{cite web|title= CSR Leader: Sanjay Dalmia, Chairman, Dalmia Group of Companies|url= http://indiacsr.in/csr-leader-sanjay-dalmia-chairman-dalmia-group-of-companies/website=IndiaCsr}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Dalmia is the son of Vishnu Hari Dalmia.He belongs to [[Bania (caste)|Bania]] community. He was schooled in Delhi, at the Modern School for secondary education.<ref>{{cite news|title=I want to emerge a winner|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/i-want-to-emerge-a-winner/164932/|date=30 April 2006|newspaper=Financial Express|accessdate=25 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226172827/https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/i-want-to-emerge-a-winner/164932/|archive-date=26 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He graduated with Economics (Hons) from St. Stephen's College, [[Delhi University]].<ref name="Freedocs1624296">{{cite web|url=https://freedocs.net/entrpreneur/1624296/|title=Entrpreneur MR. SANJAY DALMIA CHAIRMAN OF GUJARAT HEAVY CHEMICAL S LIMITED.Born|publisher=freedocs.net|accessdate=2016-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823031359/https://freedocs.net/entrpreneur/1624296/|archive-date=23 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Career==
[[File:Dnyaneshwar-agashe-sir-john-major-sanjay-dalmia.png|thumb|right|Dalmia with [[Dnyaneshwar Agashe]] and [[John Major]].]]
Dalmia began his career as an industrialist in the early 1970s, with Dalmia Brothers Pvt Ltd, the reign of which he took on from his father, Vishnu Hari Dalmia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/vishnu-hari-dalmia-former-vhp-president-passes-away-at-91-5542348/|title=Vishnu Hari Dalmia, former VHP president, passes away at 91|date=2019-01-17|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203155538/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/vishnu-hari-dalmia-former-vhp-president-passes-away-at-91-5542348/|archive-date=3 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalmia has also been the Non-Executive Chairman of GHCL Limited (Former Name, Gujarat Heavy Chemicals Limited) since January 2005. He has been a Director at GHCL since 20 October 1983. He serves as Chairman of Colwell and Salmon Communications (India) Ltd., a subsidiary of GHCL Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/data/G-H-C-L-Limited/board-of-directors/55911/ |title= GHCL Limited Board Directors |publisher= The Hindu Businessline}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ghcl-ltd/chairmanspeech/companyid-13683.cms |title= Chairman Speech |publisher= Economic Times}}</ref>

Dalmia served as the Chairman of Golden Tobacco Ltd. until 10 February 2014. He serves as a Director of Bharat Explosives Ltd.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}

Dalmia served as a Member of [[Rajya Sabha]] where he was involved in debates and discussions around national issues related to finance, economy and the industries of India. He moved a private members bill in the Rajya Sabha for renaming the Andaman Nicobar Islands as "Saheed and Swaraj Islands" as a tribute to Subhash Chandra Bose and the freedom fighters.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19940630-rajya-sabha-mp-sanjay-dalmia-brokers-truce-between-mulayam-singh-and-laloo-prasad-809347-1994-06-29 |title= Rajya Sabha MP Sanjay Dalmia brokers truce between Mulayam Singh and Laloo Prasad |publisher= India Today}}</ref>

===Humanitarian efforts===
Dalmia is a patron of the Dalmia Sewa Trust, which is involved in the construction of lavatories in about 100 houses, and building houses for about 100 homeless families in Chirawa, Rajasthan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/plumage/chirawa-green-revolution-in-a-parched-village/|title=Chirawa: Green revolution in a parched village|date=2017-03-18|website=Times of India Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929210006/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/plumage/chirawa-green-revolution-in-a-parched-village/|archive-date=29 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The foundation has organized a Free Health Checkup, which was inaugurated by Dalmia in Agrasen Bhawan.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bhaskar.com/news/RAJ-OTH-MAT-latest-pilani-news-061503-1425304-NOR.html|title= मानव सेवा से बड़ा कोई धर्म नहीं : डालमिया|publisher= Bhaskar News Network|accessdate= 22 Nov 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161122172557/http://www.bhaskar.com/news/RAJ-OTH-MAT-latest-pilani-news-061503-1425304-NOR.html|archive-date= 22 November 2016|url-status= live}}</ref> He instituted Masoom – a school for special children, which aims to aid underprivileged children.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/archive/i-want-to-emerge-a-winner/164932/|title=I want to emerge a winner|date=30 April 2006 |publisher=Financial Express|accessdate=30 April 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821085651/http://www.financialexpress.com/archive/i-want-to-emerge-a-winner/164932/|archive-date=21 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dalmia, Sanjay}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian business executives]]
[[Category:Dalmia family]]

Mysuru–Varanasi Express

2026-04-26T07:31:07Z

JaimieCarrigan: Adding data...

{{Short description|Express train}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Mysore–Varanasi SF Express
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Weekly Superfast Express]]
| status = Operating
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2014|12|25}}
| last =
| operator = [[South Western Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Mysore Junction }} (MYS)
| stops = 32
| end = {{stnlnk|Varanasi Junction }} (BSB)
| distance = {{convert|2707|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 48h 55m
| frequency = Twice {{efn|Runs two days in a week for every direction.}}
| class = AC II Tier, AC III Tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering E-catering
| observation = [[LHB coach]]
| entertainment = No
| baggage = No
| other facilities = Below the seats
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification = Fully Electrified
| trainnumber = 22687/22688
| speed = {{convert|71|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts
| map = [[File:(Mysore - Varanasi) Express route map.png|250px|(Mysore–Varanasi) Express route map]]
| map_state =
}}
The '''Mysuru–Varanasi Superfast Express''' is an [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast Express]] train belonging to the [[South Western Railway zone]] in India. It runs twice a week between {{stnlnk|Mysuru Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Varanasi Junction}}, using train numbers 22687/22688.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=5864&did=149007419304002DEBCD9368A84BB0CE466CDA0CC0876.web91 | title=Conversion of 13255/13256 Patliputra-Chandigarh-Patliputra bi-weekly express into Superfast train with revised number 22355/22356 | date=21 March 2017 | publisher=Northern Railway | accessdate=25 February 2019 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=4897&id=0,4,268 30-09-2015 TEMPORARY AUGMENTATION OF EXPRESS TRAINS]</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/Train-passengers-robbed/articleshow/28542164.cms | title=Train passengers robbed | date=8 January 2014 | newspaper=The Times of India | accessdate=25 February 2019 }}</ref>

== Service==

The 22687/Mysuru–Varanasi Express has an average speed of 55 km/h and covers 2708 km in 48h 45m. 22688/Varanasi–Mysuru Express has an average speed of 55 km/h and covers 2707 km in 48h 50m.

==Schedule==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Train number !! Station code !! Departure station !! Departure time !! Departure day !! Arrival station !! Arrival time !! Arrival day
|-
| 22687 || MYS || Mysore Junction || 07:30 AM || TUE THU || Varanasi Junction || 08:25 AM || THU SAT
|-
| 22688 || BSB || Varanasi Junction || 9:10 PM || THU SAT || Mysore Junction || 10:00 PM
PM
| SAT
MON
|}

==Reversals==
GTL – {{stnlnk|Guntakal Junction}}

== Route and halts ==

The important halts of the train are:

* {{stnlnk|Mysore Junction}}
* [[Mandra Railway Station|Mandya]]
* [[Kengeri railway station|Kengeri]]
* {{stnlnk|Bangalore City}}
* {{stnlnk|Yesvantpur Junction}}
* [[Tumkur]]
* {{stnlnk|Arsikere Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Kadur Junction}}
* [[Chitradurga]]
* {{stnlnk|Bellary Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Guntakal Junction}} (reversal)
* [[Adoni railway station|Adoni]]
* [[Mantralayam Road]]
* [[Raichur railway station|Raichur]]
* [[Yadgir railway station|Yadgir]]
* {{stnlnk|Wadi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Kalaburagi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Solapur}}
* {{stnlnk|Daund Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Ahilyanagar}}
* {{stnlnk|Kopargaon}}
* {{stnlnk|Manmad Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bhusaval Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Khandwa Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Itarsi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Pipariya}}
* {{stnlnk|Narsinghpur}}
* {{stnlnk|Jabalpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Katni Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Maihar}}
* {{stnlnk|Satna Junction}}
* [[Prayagraj Chheoki Junction railway station|Prayagraj]]
* {{stnlnk|Cheoki Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Mirzapur}}
* {{stnlnk|Varanasi Junction}}

==Coach composition==

The train has brand new [[LHB coach|LHB rakes]] with a maximum speed of 130 km/h. The train consists of 21 coaches:

* 2 AC II Tier
* 6 AC III Tier
* 9 Sleeper coaches
* 2 General
* 2 Generators cum Luggage/parcel van

== Traction==

earlier was [[WDP-4D]]. Both trains are hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Krishnarajapuram|Krishnarajapuram Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive from Mysore to Varanasi and vice versa.

== Direction reversal==

Train reverses its direction once:

* {{stnlnk|Guntakal Junction}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== External links ==

* [http://indiarailinfo.com/train/mysuru-varanasi-express-22687/23231/1430/334 16229/Mysuru–Varanasi Express] India Rail Info
* [http://indiarailinfo.com/train/varanasi-mysuru-express-22688/23232/334/1430 16230/Varanasi–Mysuru Express] India Rail Info

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Railways in Northern India}}
{{Railways in Eastern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mysore-Varanasi Express}}
[[Category:Passenger trains originating from Varanasi]]
[[Category:Transport in Mysore]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Telangana]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2014]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Maharaj Singh Bharti

2026-04-20T01:40:10Z

JaimieCarrigan: Adding new bio...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Maharaj Singh Bharti
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = November, 1918
| birth_place = Arnavali,[[Meerut district]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day  [[Uttar Pradesh]], India)
| death_date =
| death_place =
| constituency = [[Meerut (Lok Sabha constituency)|Meerut]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| term = 1967-1971
| predecessor = [[Shah Nawaz Khan (general)|Shah Nawaz Khan]]
| successor = [[Shah Nawaz Khan (general)|Shah Nawaz Khan]]
| party = [[Samyukta Socialist Party]]
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source = https://loksabha.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/1726.htm
}}

'''Maharaj Singh Bharti''' was an Indian politician. He was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the [[Parliament of India]] from the [[Meerut (Lok Sabha constituency)|Meerut]] constituency of [[Uttar Pradesh]] as a member of the [[Samyukta Socialist Party]].<ref name="Reed Times of India (Firm) 1970 p. ">{{cite book | last=Reed | first=Sir Stanley | author2=Times of India (Firm) | title=The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who | publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Company | year=1970 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AgQfAQAAMAAJ | access-date=20 Mar 2023 | page=357}}</ref><ref name="Parliament of India, the Tenth Lok Sabha, 1991-1996: A Study 1997 p. ">{{cite book | title=Parliament of India, the Tenth Lok Sabha, 1991-1996: A Study | publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat | year=1997 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P6AUe4Q_0t8C | access-date=20 Mar 2023 | page=204}}</ref><ref name="Bhārata Kā Rājapatra: The Gazette of India 1884 p. 1722">{{cite book | title=Bhārata Kā Rājapatra: The Gazette of India | publisher=Controller of Publications | year=1884 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCEPAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA1722 | language= | access-date=20 Mar 2023 | page=1722}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://loksabha.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/1726.htm Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]

[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:Samyukta Socialist Party politicians]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:India MPs 1967–1970]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{UttarPradesh-politician-stub}}

Kodinar Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:21:51Z

JaimieCarrigan: creating - done

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kodinar
| mla = [[Pradyuman Vaja]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Gir Somnath district|Gir Somnath]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Junagadh Lok Sabha constituency|Junagadh]]
| established = 2007
| reservation = SC
| electors = {{formatnum:234831}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 92
}}

'''Kodinar''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Gir Somnath district|Gir Somnath]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Castes]].

==List of segments==

This assembly seat represents the following segments,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date= 5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref>

# Kodinar Taluka
# Una Taluka (Part) Villages – Kansariya, Jamvala, Bhakha, Thordi, Babariya, Sanvav, Jaragli, Ankolali, Panderi, Dhrabavad, Velakot, Jhanjhariya, Sonpura, Bhiyal, Bodidar, Kaneri, Maghardi, Ambavad, Kanakiya, Simasi, Ranvasi, Bhebha, Madhgam, Revad, Lerka, Chikhli, Sokhda, Kajardi, Kob, Bhingran, Tad.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-

| [[1975 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1975]]
| Pratapsingh Abhalbhai Mori
|{{Full party name with color| Kisan Mazdoor Lok Paksha}}
|-
|[[1980 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan=2| Arshibhai Kanabhai Kamalia
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1985 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Ahir Dhirsinhbhai Barad
|{{Full party name with color| Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1995 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| Laxmanbhai B. Parmar
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1998 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| rowspan=3|[[Dinu Solanki|Dinubhai Boghabhai Solanki]]
|-
| [[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|-
| [[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
| [[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2009^]]
|Ahir Dhirsinhbhai Barad
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| Jethabhai Danabhai Solanki
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| Mohanlal Malabhai Vala<ref name=election2017/>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Pradyuman Vaja|Dr. Pradyuman Vaja]]<ref name=election2017/>
|{{Full party name with color| Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2022 ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly election, 2022]]:Kodinar Assembly constituency }}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dr. [[Pradyuman Vaja]]<ref>{{cite news |title= Gujarat Assembly election 2022: Full list of BJP, Congress candidates for phase 1
|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/gujarat-assembly-election-2022-full-list-of-bjp-congress-candidates-for-phase-1-101669717326994-amp.html |access-date=30 November 2022 |work=hindustantimes |date=30 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=77,794|percentage=51.38|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Maheshbhai Makvana|party=Indian National Congress|votes=58,408|percentage=38.58|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Valijibhai Makwana<ref>{{cite news |title=Gujarat Assembly elections 2022: AAP releases list of 12 candidates. Read here |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/gujarat-assembly-elections-2022-aap-releases-list-of-12-candidates-read-here-11665913787737.html |access-date=16 October 2022 |work=mint |date=16 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=10,738|percentage=7.09|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes=2025|percentage=1.34|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=|percentage=12.8|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:231554}}
|ref=<ref name="Gujarat Elections ECI">{{cite web |title=Gujarat Legislative Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>



=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: Kodinar<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Mohanlal Malabhai Vala
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2012]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat |access-date=13 June 2014 |archive-date=26 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126215052/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = J.D. Solanki
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 63319
|percentage = 48.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Mohanbhai Vala
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 54842
|percentage = 42.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 8477
|percentage = 6.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 129761
|percentage = 70.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat|state=expanded}}
{{Gujarat elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|20.82|70.69|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gir Somnath district]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:2007 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2007]]

Dahanu Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-19T08:56:12Z

JaimieCarrigan: Starting initial data added tags

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Indian parliament in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Dahanu
| state = Maharashtra
| abolished = 2009
| reservation = ST
}}

'''Dahanu''' was a [[Lok Sabha]] parliamentary [[constituency]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-05 |title=Former Guardian Minister of Thane District Shankar Nam dies of heart attack - www.lokmattimes.com |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/maharashtra/former-guardian-minister-of-thane-district-shankar-nam-dies-of-heart-attack/ |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=Lokmat Times |language=en}}</ref> Niphad and Yevla Assembly segments were removed in 2008 and Igatpuri Assembly seat was added from the erstwhile Dahanu Lok Sabha Constituency.<ref>https://www.firstpost.com/politics/lok-sabha-election-2019-maharashtra-profile-mumbai-south-pune-baramati-key-constituencies-state-has-second-highest-number-of-ls-seats-constituency-6337241.html</ref> It is an Adivasi dominated constituency.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Dhaval |title=Congress minister miffed at being asked to stay away from contesting Lok Sabha polls from Palghar |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-congress-minister-miffed-at-being-asked-to-stay-away-from-contesting-lok-sabha-polls-from-palghar-1975563 |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

==Members of Lok Sabha==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| colspan="4"|{{center|''1952-67 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
| [[Yashwantrao Martandrao Mukne]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress| rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
| Laxman Dumada
|-
| [[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
| Kom Shidava
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
| [[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Damodar Shingada]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress| rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|-
| [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|-
| [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| [[Chintaman Wanaga]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| Shankar Sakharam
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
| [[Chintaman Wanaga]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| [[Damodar Shingada]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| colspan="4"|{{center|''2009 onwards : See [[Palghar Lok Sabha constituency]]''}}
|-
|}
Source<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dahanu Lok Sabha Election Result - Parliamentary Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/dahanu-lok-sabha |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Dahanu]]
* [[Palghar Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Bhiwandi Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|20.0|72.8|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dahanu Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Former Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]

People's Vigilance Committee on Human Rights

2026-04-18T22:01:22Z

JaimieCarrigan: Starting basic details added tags

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = People's Vigilance Committee on Human Rights (PVCHR)
| logo = PVCHR.logo.jpg
| type = [[Non-profit organization|Non-profit]] [[NGO]]
| founded = 1996
| location = Head office: SA 4/2 A Daulatpur, Varanasi- 221002 India
| key_people = Lenin Raghuvanshi, Shruti Nagvanshi, Sant Vivek Das, Mahendra Pratap Singh, Prof. Shahena Rizvi, Lal Bahadur Ram and Jai Kumar Mishra
| fields = Human Rights, [[Sustainable Development Goals]], Democracy and pluralism
| website = [http://www.pvchr.asia www.pvchr.asia] [http://janmitranyas.in/ www.janmitranyas.in]
}}
The '''People's Vigilance Committee on Human Rights''' (in Hindi:'''मानवाधिकार जननिगरानी समिति''' ) is an Indian [[NGO|non-governmental organisation]] and membership-based movement which work to ensure [[Fundamental rights|basic rights]] for marginalised groups in Indian society, e.g. children, women, [[Dalit]]s and tribes to establish [[rule of law]] through participatory activism against [[extrajudicial killing]], police torture, hunger, bonded labour and injustice by [[hegemonic masculinity]] of the [[Caste system in India|caste system]] and patriarchy. PVCHR ideology is inspired by the father of the Dalit movement and modern [[nation state]], [[B. R. Ambedkar|Dr. B. R. Ambedkar]], and father of the nation [[Mahatma Gandhi]], who struggled against patriarchy & the hierarchical caste system. PVCHR and its founders nominated for the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] for their efforts to combat masculinity driven militarist traditions, for their contribution to bettering conditions for peace in world and for acting as driving force in efforts to prevent the use of masculinity driven militarist traditions as a weapon of war and conflict.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nobelwill.org/index.html?tab=11|title=The NPPW screening of Valid* Nobel Peace Prize Nominations for 2021|website=Nobelwill.org|access-date=11 January 2022|archive-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103070348/http://www.nobelwill.org/index.html?tab=11|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nobelwill.org/Cohn-Scilla-Raghuvanshi-2021.pdf|title=The NPPW screening of Valid* Nobel Peace Prize Nominations for 2021|website=Nobelwill.org|access-date=11 January 2022|archive-date=17 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017204755/http://www.nobelwill.org/Cohn-Scilla-Raghuvanshi-2021.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jubileepost.in/en/benaras-based-lenin-and-shruti-nominated-for-nobel-peace-prize/|title=Benaras-Based Lenin And Shruti Nominated For Nobel Peace Prize|date=February 2, 2022}}</ref> PVCHR was founded in 1996 by Dr. [[Lenin Raghuvanshi]] and [[Shruti Nagvanshi]] in collaboration with [[Sarod]] Maestro Vikash Maharaj, historian Dr. Mahendra Pratap and poet Gyanendra Pati. [http://janmitranyas.in/ JanMitra Nyas] is legal holder of PVCHR which is Public Charitable Trust and has special [[consultative status]] with the [[United Nations Economic and Social Council]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2022/ngo932.doc.htm | title=Continuing Session, Non-Governmental Organizations Committee Recommends 34 Entities for Consultative Status, Defers Action on 96 Others | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://livevns.news/Varanasi/Janmitra-Nyas-got-the-Special-Consultative-Status-of-the/cid7689742.htm | title=जनमित्र न्यास को मिला संयुक्त राष्ट्र के नेशनल इकोनॉमिक एंड सोशल काउंसिल का स्पेशल कंसल्टेटिव स्टेटस | date=28 May 2022 }}</ref> PVCHR was honored as a "Friend of German Parliament" during a significant dinner meeting with Vice President Claudia Roth at Lodhi Garden Restaurant on February 20, 2015. This recognition marked a crucial milestone in PVCHR's international advocacy for human rights. The event symbolized a deepening partnership between PVCHR and the German Parliament, emphasizing shared commitments to advancing global human rights.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://medium.com/@drbahadursinghyadav/pvchr-honored-as-friend-of-german-parliament-in-unprecedented-dinner-meeting-with-vice-president-f5fb119ede3d | title=PVCHR Honored as "Friend of German Parliament" in Unprecedented Dinner Meeting with Vice President Claudia Roth | date=15 December 2023 }}</ref>

Patron: [[Zak Yacoob|Justice Z.M. (Zak) Yacoob]], Ex-judge, Constitution Court of South Africa & Chancellor of University of Durban, South Africa.
[[File:Letter from the Patron.jpg|thumb|Letter from the Patron: Justice Z.M. (Zak) Yacoob, Former Judge of the Constitutional Court of South Africa and Chancellor of the University of Durban, South Africa.]]

==PVCHR's work==
===Vision===
To establish a true, vibrant and fully entrenched democratic society through the concept of Jan Mitra where there shall be no violation of civil rights granted to a citizen by the state.

===Mission===
To provide basic rights to all, to eliminate situations which give rise to exploitation of vulnerable and marginalized groups and to start a movement for a people-friendly society (Jan Mitra Samaj) through an inter-institutional approach.

===Core Values===
*Equity
*[[Fraternity]]
*[[Nonviolence|Non-violence]]
*[[Participatory democracy]]
*[[Secularism in India|Secularism]]
*Justice – Rule of Law

===Core Focus===
*Freedom and pluralistic democracy
*[[Education in India|Education]]
*Economic empowerment
*[[Digital transformation]]
*[[Governance]], [[sustainable development]] and [[human rights]]
==Working Approach==
*Accurate investigation and documentation of human rights violations connected with advocacy, publication and networking on a local, national and international level
*Direct support and solidarity to marginalized and survivors in general and women, Dalit, minorities, tribes, and children in particular. Bring learning of gaps, challenges, and best practices for institutional reform against hegemonic masculinity.
*Creating models of non-violent and democratic communities (people-friendly villages, torture-free villages)
*Building up local institutions and supporting them with active human rights networks
*Creating a democratic structure for the ‘voiceless’ to enable them access to the constitutional guarantees of modern India in the context of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] (UDHR)
*Empowering marginalized communities through [[capacity building]] based on human dignity, hope, honor and justice process-based organisational building and access to information
*Promoting a culture of human rights and conflict transformation for sustainable peace based on pluralistic democracy, rule of law and participatory inclusive democracy
*Linking local and international human rights together to support the marginalized and survivors
*Linking [[Grassroots|grassroots activities]] and international human rights networks and institutions

===Strategy===
#Practice to policy: peoples’ advocacy
#Policy to practice: The model of Jan Mitra Village (People-friendly villages and urban ghettos) based on active listening, empathy for hope, honour and dignity
#Organization building/capacity building

===Comprehensive programs===
*Comprehensive program for survivors of torture and organised violence
*Comprehensive program for model villages
*Comprehensive program for women and children sectors
*Program for national lobbying, campaigning, and advocacy
*Program for international solidarity, partnership and networking

===Geographical Focus===
Intensively in Eastern (Varanasi, Jaunpur, Sonbhadra, Allahabad, and Ambedkar Nagar) and western (Aligarh, Moradabad, Meerut, Badaun and Aligarh) regions of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Koderma district]] of [[Jharkhand]]. Through networking, working in 16 states of India with the involvement of 99 organisations.

===Target Communities===
*Tribal communities
*Minorities
*[[Dalits]]
*Other backward caste
*Survivors of torture and organised violence

===Membership===
72000 as neo-Dalit communities comprising progressive people from upper caste, OBC, tribal and minorities.PVCHR was honoured at the 4th SocioFare Awards for its outstanding grassroots work in promoting and protecting human rights, particularly for marginalized and vulnerable communities in India.<ref>https://dailypioneer.com/news/the-sociofare-awards-for-selfless-service-and-social-impact</ref>

==PVCHRs' Work in academic sphere==
'''PVCHR has been mentioned in follows academic sphere:'''
*'''On Management Board of Global India:''' Global India-an Ireland-based Horizon 2020 funded Marie Sklodowska-Curie European Training Network. The network is composed of 6 different EU Universities and has 9 partners in India. PVCHR is one of member of management board.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalindia.eu/partners/|title=Partners • Global India|access-date=24 July 2020}}</ref>
*'''Narrative Reconciliation as Rights Based Peace Praxis: Custodial Torture, Testimonial Therapy, and Overcoming Marginalization:''' This paper Published by Canadian Mennonite University looks at how marginalized communities utilize discursive practices to contest against an unresponsive state malfeasance and hegemonic bureaucracy to ensure basic rights and state services for the marginalized. Focusing on the People's Vigilance Committee for Human Rights (PVCHR), a member-based human rights movement in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, the paper aims to tell the unique story of PVCHR's work to combat custodial torture through an innovative method called "testimonial therapy." The testimonial therapy process is aimed at producing both legal testimony and cathartic release of suffering among torture survivors. In underscoring the importance of attention to narrative practices, the paper, while not overlooking narrative's risks, focuses on the practical opportunities that narrative practices create for peace builders.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Narrative Reconciliation as Rights Based Peace Praxis: Custodial Torture, Testimonial Therapy, and Overcoming Marginalization|author=Rinker, Jeremy|year=2016|journal=Peace Research|volume=48|issue=1/2|pages=121–143|jstor=26382618}}</ref>
*'''Book on anti-caste work of TBM, BAMCEF, and PVCHR written by Jeremy Rinker, Ph.D. :''' Elaborating the significance of each of these organizations, Rinker writes that as "the vanguard of turning all of India into Buddhists" the TBM activists promote Ambedkar Buddhist identity among Dalits, seeing this as the first step towards re-establishing Buddhism in postcolonial India. In contrast, the author points out that PVCHR stands for a range of civil rights in the localities it serves. Rinker notes that PVCHR was founded by "an educated upper-caste Kshatriya," Dr. Lenin Raghuvanshi, and his wife, Shruti Nagvanshi. For the author this has its own advantages. That is, "a high caste working for the low-caste rights places him [Lenin Raghuvanshi] in a socially complicated position with both elites and the less fortunate downtrodden." In fact, for Rinker PVCHR is a "neo-Dalit movement," although he does not explain what he means by neo-Dalit vis-a-vis the category Dalit (which means "oppressed" or "broken"). Even as PVCHR functions as a "neo-Dalit" organization, it has an inclusive focus by working with communities that are "Dalits, Adivasis, Muslims, and other excluded segments of the Indian population." Cultural, religious, and historical aspects and identities are not part of PVCHR's agenda, the author explains. In Rinker's analysis, the BAMCEF, in divergence to TBM and PVCHR, stands for "Phule-Ambedkarite ideology." That is, BAMCEF aims to combine the thoughts and practices of anticaste leaders from Maharashtra, those of Jotirao Phule (1827–1890) and Ambedkar (1890–1956), to spread their relevance in the all-India political transformation.<ref>{{cite book|first= Jeremy A. |last=Rinker |title=Identity, Rights, and Awareness: Anticaste Activism in India and the Awakening of Justice through Discursive Practices (Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding in Asia)|date=15 October 2018 |publisher=Lexington Books |url=https://www.amazon.com/Identity-Rights-Awareness-Discursive-Peacebuilding-ebook/dp/B07HSSQX86/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=Identity%2C+Rights%2C+and+Awareness%3A+Anticaste+Activism+in+India+and+the+Awakening+of+Justice+through+Discursive+Practices+%28Conflict+Resolution+and+Peacebuilding+in+Asia%29&qid=1595424101&s=books&sr=1-1|asin= B07HSSQX86}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newbooksnetwork.com/jeremy-a-rinker-identity-rights-and-awareness-anticaste-activism-in-india-lexington-2019/|title=Jeremy A. Rinker, "Identity, Rights, and Awareness: Anticaste Activism in India" (Lexington, 2019)|date=14 July 2020|access-date=24 July 2020}}</ref>
*'''Testimonial therapy. A pilot project to improve psychological well-being among survivors of torture in India published at Torture Journal:''' Although this small pilot study without control groups or prior validation of the questionnaire does not provide high-ranking quantitative evidence or statistically significant results for the effectiveness of our version of the testimonial method, we do find it likely that it helps improve the well being in survivors of torture in this particular context. However, a more extensive study is needed to verify these results, and better measures of ICF activities and participation (A and P) functions should be used. Interviews with human rights activists reveal that it is easier for survivors who have gone through testimonial therapy to give coherent legal testimony.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rehadat-hilfsmittel.de/de/produkte/orthesen-prothesen/?infobox=/infobox1.html&serviceCounter=1&detailCounter=0&connectdb=veroeffentlichungen_result&wsdb=LIT&intlink=true&suchbegriffe=%22Folter%22|title=Orthesen & Prothesen | REHADAT-Hilfsmittel|first=Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln|last=REHADAT|website=www.rehadat-hilfsmittel.de|access-date=24 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40908122 |title=Testimonial therapy. A pilot project to improve psychological wellbeing among survivors of torture in India |date= 2009|website=www.researchgate.net|access-date=2021-04-21}}</ref>
*'''Testimonial Therapy: Impact on social participation and emotional wellbeing among Indian survivors of torture and organized violence:''' Traumatizing events, such as torture, cause considerable impairments in psycho-social functioning. In developing countries, where torture is often perpetrated, few resources exist for the provision of therapeutic or rehabilitating interventions. The current study investigated the effectiveness of Testimonial Therapy (TT) as a brief psycho-social intervention to ameliorate the distress of Indian survivors of torture and related violence.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://tidsskrift.dk/torture-journal/article/view/109672|title=Testimonial Therapy: Impact on social participation and emotional wellbeing among Indian survivors of torture and organized violence|first1=Mia Myhre|last1=Jørgensen|first2=Jens|last2=Modvig|first3=Inger|last3=Agger|first4=Lenin|last4=Raghuvanshi|first5=Shirin Shabana|last5=Khan|first6=Peter|last6=Polatin|date=24 July 2015|journal= Torture |volume=25|issue=2|pages=12|access-date=24 July 2020|via=tidsskrift.dk|doi=10.7146/torture.v25i2.109672|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*'''From Hunger Deaths to Healthy Living:A Case Study of Dalits in Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh, India:''' The success story presented in the article provides insight to learn and theorize working models of Dalit empowerment and checking caste-based discrimination.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/home/vod|title=Contemporary Voice of Dalit|website=SAGE Journals|access-date=24 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=From Hunger Deaths to Healthy Living: A Case Study of Dalits in Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh, India|first=Archana|last=Kaushik|date=1 November 2018|journal=Contemporary Voice of Dalit|volume=10|issue=2|pages=173–181|doi=10.1177/2455328X17744623|s2cid=158971200}}</ref>
* '''Conscientisation of Untouchables in Indian Society:''' The practice of untouchability, though constitutionally outlawed, has been deeply ingrained in the socio-cultural contours of India. It has its roots in the caste system, a traditional form of apartheid, which is still widely prevalent in various spheres of Indian social life. ‘Dalits’ who are at the lowest rung of caste hierarchy, have been typically experiencing discrimination and [[social exclusion]] in myriad of ways. Some expressions of untouchability are – the Dalits are invariably having thatched houses at the periphery of the village; their infants did not receive immunization, their children did not get supplementary nutrition, as upper-caste healthcare functionaries do not touch Dalits to maintain their ‘purity’; and children were denied enrolment in schools. There is no dearth of pro-poor programmes, but their benefits hardly reached the impoverished Dalits. Located at the villages of Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh, India, Dalit inhabitants for generations together have been living in deplorable conditions. People's Vigilance Committee on Human Rights (PVCHR), an NGO, worked extensively in these villages for several years. As both upper-caste perpetrators and Dalit-victims had internalised their respective superior-inferior status as part of their identity since early childhood, breaking the psychological barriers was the most difficult challenge. With the framework of rights based approach, awareness generation, reflection and conscientisation were the strategies used to deal with intra-psychic barriers. The paper highlights the process of mobilization of the Dalits to voice their concerns, fight for justice and pave way to their own empowerment and to build an egalitarian and just social order.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Consciousness-Raising|first1=Archana|last1=Kaushik|first2=Lenin|last2=Raghuvanshi|first3=Mohanlal|last3=Panda|date=27 June 2018|publisher=Routledge|pages=14–18|doi=10.4324/9781315107851-2|s2cid=149663341}}</ref>
*'''Margin to Center stage: Empowering Dalits in India:''' This book is an attempt to fulfill a widely felt need for documenting the process of empowerment of marginalized and oppressed groups and communities at the grassroots. It has traced and recorded consistent and rigorous efforts of a group of individuals who have brought positive change in the lives of disadvantaged and downtrodden people. Located in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, this book sketches the plight, struggle for survival, and fight for decent living, dignity and rights among the downtrodden and marginalized Dalits who learnt to raise their voice against the injustice and tyranny. It highlights the efforts for an egalitarian social order by people who ordinarily are resource-less and powerless.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontpagepublications.com/book/margins-to-centre-stage-empowering-dalits-in-india/|title=Front Page » Blog Archive » Margins to Centre Stage: Empowering Dalits in India|access-date=24 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Archana |last=Kaushik |title=Margins To Centre Stage Empowering Dalits in India|date=January 1, 2016 |publisher=Frontpage |isbn=9789381043196}}</ref>
*'''Freedom from Labour Bondage—A Case of Dalit Empowerment from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India:'''It presents the process of rescue, release and rehabilitation of bonded labourers of the village through the interventions of a civil society organization—PVCHR. The case study provides relevance for praxis and theorization of Dalit empowerment.<ref>{{cite book|first=Archana |last=Kaushik |title=Freedom from Labour Bondage—A Case of Dalit Empowerment from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India|date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-19-3128-4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-19-3128-4_14/|title=Springe »Archive » Freedom from Labour Bondage—A Case of Dalit Empowerment from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India |doi=10.1007/978-981-19-3128-4_14 |isbn=978-981-19-3128-4 |access-date=18 August 2022}}</ref>
*'''Fostering Human Rights Advocacy: PVCHR's Impactful Collaboration and MOU with Shoolini University:''' At the International Conference on Reformative Approaches to Human Rights, PVCHR and Shoolini University sealed a significant partnership through the establishment of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). This collaborative initiative reflects their shared commitment to championing human rights and driving impactful initiatives. Emphasizing cooperative efforts, research, and advocacy, the MOU symbolizes a dedication to cultivating a better future. This strategic partnership further amplifies the influence of their collective endeavors, addressing pivotal issues and making substantial contributions to positive social change.<ref name="https://medium.com/">{{cite web | url=https://medium.com/@drbahadursinghyadav/reform-is-science-reality-art-lenin-raghuvanshis-vision-echoes-at-international-conference-on-bac8f47602c2/| title=Reform is Science, Reality & Art: Lenin Raghuvanshi's Vision Echoes at International Conference on Human Rights|date= January 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QneeF845MfE&feature=emb_title/ Film about the history and the work of PVCHR ]
* [https://www.iheart.com/podcast/269-relentless-minds-podcast-61504691/episode/dr-lenin-raghuvanshi-on-the-caste-system-62884967/ Dr. Lenin Raghuvanshi on: The Caste System in India: Slavery in modern time.]
* [https://www.dig-ev.de/25-jahre-pvchr-peoples-vigilance-committee-on-human-rights/ Congratulation message of Indo-German Society, Remschied, Germany on 25th Anniversary of PVCHR foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124145341/https://www.dig-ev.de/25-jahre-pvchr-peoples-vigilance-committee-on-human-rights/ |date=24 January 2021 }}
* [https://www.dig-ev.de/50th_Anniversary_DIG_Remscheid_Webversion.pdf Collaboration between PVCHR and DIG, Reschied, Germany ]

[[Category:Organisations based in Varanasi]]
[[Category:Human rights organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1996]]
[[Category:1996 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Chattergala Pass

2026-04-15T13:00:26Z

JaimieCarrigan: Starting a stub more to come - done

{{short description|Mountain pass in Jammu and Kashmir, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox mountain pass
| name = Chattergala Pass
| photo =
| photo_caption =
| elevation_m = 3200
| elevation_ref =
| traversed = [[Bhaderwah]]-[[Bani, India|Bani]]-[[Basohli]] road
| location = [[India]]
| range = [[Middle Himalayas]]
| coords = {{coord|32|52|36|N|75|43|51|E|type:pass|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| topo =
| map = India Jammu and Kashmir
}}

'''Chattergala Pass''', is a mountain pass (elevation {{convert|10500|ft|m|0|disp=flip|abbr=on}}) in the [[Middle Himalayas]] of the [[Jammu region]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India, connecting the town of [[Bhaderwah]] in the [[Neeru river]] valley with [[Basohli]] in the [[Shiwalik hills]]. [[Chattergala Tunnel]] is planned under the pass.<ref name=tun1/>

==Tunnel==

'''Chattergala Tunnel''': 6.8 km long road tunnel under the Chattergala pass is planned to connect [[Kathua]] and [[Doda, Jammu and Kashmir|Doda]] via Bani. It will provide all-weather road connectivity and reduce the travel time from [[Lakhanpur, Jammu|Lakhanpur]] to Doda to four hours.<ref name=tun1>
{{cite web
|url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/chattergala-tunnel-to-connect-kathua-with-doda-dr-jitendra-2/
|website=www.dailyexcelsior.com
|title=Chattergala tunnel to connect Kathua with Doda: Dr Jitendra}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/chattergala-tunnel-in-jammu-and-kashmir-1611298546-1
|website=www.jagranjosh.com
|title=Chattergala Tunnel Project in Jammu and Kashmir: All you need to know}}</ref> Once the construction begins, the Rs. 4,000 crore tunnel is expected to be completed in about 4 years.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bro-dg-briefs-mos-jitendra-singh-on-road-bridge-projects-in-jk-northeast/articleshow/80121436.cms
|website=timesofindia.com
|title=BRO DG briefs MoS Jitendra Singh on road, bridge projects in J&K, northeast}}
</ref>

==See also==

* Tunnels in J&K
** [[Jawahar Tunnel]]
** [[Banihal Qazigund Road Tunnel]]
** [[Nandni tunnels]]
** [[Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel]]
** [[Zoji-la Tunnel]]
** [[Z-Morh Tunnel]]

* Tunnels in Himachal
** [[Atal Tunnel]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Road tunnels in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Proposed road tunnels in Asia]]
[[Category:Proposed road infrastructure in India]]
[[Category:Kathua district]]
[[Category:Doda district]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures under construction in India]]

{{Asia-tunnel-stub}}
{{India-struct-stub}}

Masala Coffee

2026-04-10T01:20:57Z

JaimieCarrigan: Adding a info

{{Short description|Indian music band}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Masala Coffee
| genre = [[Indian folk music|Indian folk]], [[Indian pop]], [[Indian rock]], [[Blues]], [[Reggae]]
| years_active = 2014–present
| image = Masala Coffee 2024.jpg
| caption = Masala Coffee in 2024
| image_size =
| landscape = yes
| current_members = [[Varun Sunil]] (Percussion/Vocals) Abhijith Anilkumar (Vocals) [[Razik Mujawar]] (Vocals) Daya Sankar (Drums) Surya Bharadwaj (Guitar) Pauly (Bass) Pranav k s (Keyboard) AmalSivan (Violin)
}}

'''Masala Coffee''' is an Indian music band founded in 2014. The band performs across various genres - Indian folk, blues, pop and rock. Although they primarily compose original music and covers in Malayalam, the band also performs in Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Punjabi and English. Masala Coffee has also made a name for itself through the music they've composed and performed for movies including [[Solo (2017 film)|''Solo'']], ''[[Uriyadi]]'', ''[[Mundina Nildana]]'' and ''[[Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal]].''

== History ==

The band was founded by [[Varun Sunil]] in 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|last=M|first=Athira|date=2019-06-28|title=Varun Sunil, founder of Masala Coffee, on his upcoming projects|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/masala-coffee-founder-and-percussionist-varun-sunil-is-on-a-roll/article28200042.ece|access-date=2020-05-23|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-13 |title=VoxTalks With Sooraj Santhosh : Co-Founder Of 'Masala Coffee' And A Versatile Independent Singer |url=https://www.voxspace.in/2019/10/13/voxtalks-with-sooraj-santhosh/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=VoxSpace |language=en-US}}</ref> The band was named "Masala Coffee" to signify the different kind of music they play (alternative folk rock).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2017/nov/17/some-masala-coffee-to-soothe-your-musical-senses-1703949.html|title=Some 'Masala Coffee' to soothe your musical senses|website=The New Indian Express|date=18 November 2017 |access-date=24 September 2019}}</ref>

They debuted on [[Kappa TV]]’s Music Mojo in 2014, performing their own unique versions of popular Tamil songs like “Munbe Vaa” and “Snehithane”. Videos of their performance went viral and the band soon achieved widespread fame through social media.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/a-new-sound-brewing-with-masala-coffee/article23987313.ece|title=A new sound brewing with Masala Coffee|last=Lazarus|first=Susanna Myrtle|date=25 May 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=11 November 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://eventseeker.com/artist/69100-masala-coffee|title=Artist Profile: Masala Coffee|last=|first=|date=|website=eventseeker.com|language=en|access-date=11 November 2019}}</ref>

When the members of Masala Coffee first jammed together, it was not with the intention of forming a band. However, following the enthusiastic reception their melodious style of music received, Masala Coffee was officially formed and has never looked back.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/masala-coffee-ups-the-ante-with-its-alternative-rock-and-folk-music/article19315793.ece|title=A heady concoction|last=Murthy|first=Neeraja|date=20 July 2017|work=The Hindu|access-date=11 November 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/masala-coffee-to-spice-up-things-in-dubai-concert|title=Masala Coffee to spice up things in Dubai concert|last=Gomes|first=Michael|website=Khaleej Times|language=en|access-date=11 November 2019}}</ref>

Later in 2024, Two new lead vocalists Abhijit Anilkumar & Razik Mujawar joined the band <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Chokita |date=2024-02-29 |title=Masala Coffee turns 10! What's the road ahead for the band? |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2024/Feb/29/masala-coffee-at-10 |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}</ref> after the previous members left Masala Coffee.

== Band Members ==
As of 2024, Masala Coffee consists of the following members:<ref>{{Cite web|title=We want to reach out to a wider audience, sing in more languages|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/metrolife/metrolife-lifestyle/we-want-to-reach-out-to-a-wider-audience-sing-in-more-languages-804644.html|date=2020-02-14|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=2020-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Chokita |date=2024-02-29 |title=Masala Coffee turns 10! What's the road ahead for the band? |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2024/Feb/29/masala-coffee-at-10 |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}</ref>

* [[Varun Sunil]]
* Abhijit Anilkumar
* [[Razik Mujawar]]
* Amalsivan
* Dayasankar
* Paul Joseph
* Surya Bharadwaj
* Pranav KS

== Albums ==
Masala Coffee announced the release of its debut album, ''Kimaya'', in 2018. The album is composed of ten songs in Tamil, Malayalam and Hindi, including updated versions of some of their original songs in addition to all new tracks.<ref name=":0" /> “Arivaal” was the first of the album’s songs to be released in November 2018, followed soon after by the Hindi track “Safar.” The band has since released a few more songs and music videos, with the rest of the album due to be released sequentially.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/masala-coffees-first-track-from-their-debut-album/article25379178.ece|title=Masala Coffee to launch first track from its debut album, 'Kimaya'|last=M|first=Athira|date=31 October 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=11 November 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2018/dec/29/the-perfect-masala-to-spice-up-years-end-1917822.html|title=Masala Coffee on their new album 'Kimaya'|website=The New Indian Express|date=29 December 2018 |access-date=11 November 2019}}</ref>

Masala Coffee has worked on new singles after their new line up has been made one, of which is “Aadiyillalo Anthamillalo”, a song that tries to remind the listener that everyone dies, as well as “Manitham”, a song that reflects on a period of survival for humankind and urges the listener to look for positives in these distressing times.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Masala Coffee on upcoming single, experimenting with their sound and working on film music|url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2020/aug/10/masala-coffee-on-upcoming-single-experimenting-with-their-sound-and-working-on-film-music-27225.html|access-date=2020-09-05|website=www.indulgexpress.com|date=10 August 2020 }}</ref>

The band announced their upcoming album, titled <nowiki>''Ektara''</nowiki> which will have 13 songs from multiple languages.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashraf |first=Fathima |date=2020-10-08 |title=Masala Coffee announces their latest 13-track album, Ektara |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2020/Oct/08/masala-coffee-announces-new-13-song-album-ektara-28808.html |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}</ref>

==Film composing==
Masala Coffee's first foray into the world of cinema was the performance of a satirical song on liquor ban for the movie [[Kunjiramayanam]] directed by [[Basil Joseph]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/kunjiramayanam-song-salsa-masala-coffee-band-comes-up-with-a-superb-satirical-song-on-liquor-ban/|title=Kunjiramayanam song Salsa|last=Sur|first=Prateek|date=15 August 2015|work=Bollywood Life|access-date=17 October 2013}}</ref>

The band debuted into film music direction in 2016 with the title track in a promo video for the Malayalam movie ''Hello Namasthe''.
Its first major composing was three songs for ''[[Uriyadi]]'',<ref name="The Hindu Article">{{cite news|last1=Hindu|first1=The|title=Brewing New Ideas|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/brewing-new-ideas/article7325748.ece|accessdate=17 March 2018}}</ref> a Tamil movie directed by [[Vijay Kumar (Tamil filmmaker)|Vijay Kumar]]. Masala Coffee is also one of the composers for the movie ''[[Solo (soundtrack)|Solo]]'', directed by [[Bejoy Nambiar]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Riaz |first=Azmia |date=7 October 2017 |title=Flying Solo |url=http://www.edexlive.com/happening/2017/oct/07/wake-up-and-smell-the-masala-coffee-1278.html/ |work=Edex Live |access-date=17 October 2013}}</ref>

They scored the music for the [[Dulquer Salmaan]] starring-movie [[Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal]], which was released in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Masala Coffee to score music for Dulquer Salmaan's Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/20809/masala-coffee-to-score-music-for-dulquer-salmaans-kannum-kannum-kollaiyadithaal |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=www.moviecrow.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-19 |title=Masala Coffee to compose music for Dulquer Salmaan's Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/dulquer-salmaan-kannum-kannum-kollaiyadithaal-5265812/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

The promotional song "Fan Maaro" for the 2023 [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]]-language film ''[[Sila Nodigalil]]'' (starring [[Richard Rishi]]) was composed by Masala Coffee.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Avinash |date=2023-10-02 |title=Richard Rishi, Yashika Aanand, Punnagai Poo Geetha to headline Sila Nodigalil |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Oct/02/richard-rishi-yashika-aanand-punnagai-poo-geethato-headline-sila-nodigalil-48219.html |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-01 |title=Fun Maaro by Masala Coffee - SilaNodigalil |url=https://silanodigalil.com/index.php/video/fun-maaro-by-masala-coffee/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Language !! Notes
|-
| 2016 ||''[[Uriyadi]]''||Tamil ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Hello Namasthe]]'' || Malayalam || Promo song
|-
| 2017 || [[Solo (2017 film)|''Solo'']] || Malayalam/Tamil || 1 song - World of Siva
|-
| 2019
|''[[Mundina Nildana]]''
|Kannada
|1 song - Manase Maya
|-
|-
| 2020|| ''[[Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal]]'' || Tamil||
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Sila Nodigalil]]'' || Tamil || 1 song - Fun Maaro
|-
|}

==Major events==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Date !! Event !! Venue
!Ref
|-
|17 March 2017
|Dubai Global Village
|Dubai Global Village, UAE
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian band Masala Coffee to perform in Dubai {{!}} |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/indian-band-masala-coffee-to-perform-in-dubai |access-date=17 March 2018 |website=khaleejtimes.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|25 November 2016
|Sarvesh Festival of Arts
|Victoria Hall, Singapore
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=BUREAU |first=PEnews |date=2016-11-03 |title="Masala Coffee" to perform at Sarvesh Festival of Arts on 25 Nov 2016 {{!}} PravasiExpress |url=https://www.pravasiexpress.com/masala-coffee-to-perform-at-sarvesh-festival-of-arts-on-25-nov-2016/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|22 October 2016
|Malaysian Independent Live Fusion Festival
|StarXpo Centre, Kuala Lumpur
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Ganesan |first=Sharmila |date=21 October 2016 |title=Masala Coffee brews a spicy mix of music |url=https://www.star2.com/culture/arts/2016/10/21/masala-coffee-brews-a-spicy-mix-of-music/ |access-date=17 October 2013 |work=Star 2 |archive-date=23 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023110159/http://www.star2.com/culture/arts/2016/10/21/masala-coffee-brews-a-spicy-mix-of-music/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|11 September 2015
|Raag 'N' Rock - The Indie Music Festival
|Al Nasr Leisureland, Dubai
|<ref>{{cite news |date=26 July 2015 |title=Indie Festival Brings Top Live Acts Together For An Evening Of RAAG 'n' ROCK In Dubai |url=http://www.onlineprnews.com/news/609344-1437916726-indie-festival-brings-top-live-acts-together-for-an-evening-of-raag-n-rock-in-dubai.html |accessdate=30 September 2016 |website=Onlinepress.com |archive-date=12 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012031411/https://www.onlineprnews.com/news/609344-1437916726-indie-festival-brings-top-live-acts-together-for-an-evening-of-raag-n-rock-in-dubai.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 20 February 2015 || Mojo Rising Music Fest || Bolgatty Palace Grounds, Kochi
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Somani |first=Deepa |date=17 February 2015 |title=Kappa TV organises Mojo rising |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/Kappa-TV-organises-Mojo-rising/articleshow/46276111.cms |access-date=17 March 2018 |work=timesofindia}}</ref>
|-
|8 November 2016 || The Hindu November Fest || The Music Academy, Chennai
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Vijayan |first=Naveena |date=8 November 2016 |title=Brewing a new sound |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Brewing-a-new-sound/article16441880.ece |access-date=17 March 2018 |work=The Hindu}}
</ref>
|-
| 19 February 2017 || The Global ISAI Festival || Phoenix MarketCity, Chennai
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Metro Plus |date=17 February 2017 |title=Music at the mall |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/Music-at-the-mall/article17315932.ece |access-date=17 March 2018 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
|-
| 17 July 2017 || Hyderabad Arts Festival || Cyber Convention Center, Madhapur
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Murthy |first=Neeraja |date=20 July 2017 |title=A heady concoction |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/masala-coffee-ups-the-ante-with-its-alternative-rock-and-folk-music/article19315793.ece |access-date=17 March 2018 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
|-
| 11 August 2017 || AURA'17 || Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS)
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Verma |first=Dinesh |date=16 August 2016 |title=Masala Coffee brews musical magic |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/masala-coffee-brews-musical-magic/article19504072.ece |access-date=17 March 2018 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
|-
| 26 January 2018 || The GoMad Festival || Fernhills Royal Palace, Ooty
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Rodricks |first=Allan |date=24 January 2018 |title=GoMad Festival in Ooty: Madness, music and masti |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/madness-music-and-masti/article22506216.ece |access-date=17 March 2018 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
|-
|30 April 2018
|Masala Coffee Singapore Tour
|Esplanade - Theatres on the Bay, Singapore
|<ref>{{Cite web| title=The Esplanade Co Ltd - Annual report FY2018 /2019 | url=https://www.esplanade.com/-/media/Esplanade/Files/annual-report/esplanade-annual-report-2019.ashx?rev=f04793a1e61d41838897c0271e4844c3&hash=A3CDE42E8365A452754AA39818F0FA31 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131143607/https://www.esplanade.com/-/media/Esplanade/Files/annual-report/esplanade-annual-report-2019.ashx?rev=f04793a1e61d41838897c0271e4844c3&hash=A3CDE42E8365A452754AA39818F0FA31 | archive-date=2023-01-31}}</ref>
|-
|10 July 2022
|Eximus
|IM, Bangalore
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=#BangaloreWeekendGuide: Catch The Live Performance Of Bassi, Masala Coffee Or Euphony This Weekend! |url=https://www.whatshot.in/bangalore/bangaloreweekendguide-catch-the-live-performance-of-bassi-masala-coffee-or-euphony-this-weekend-c-36670 |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Whats Hot |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|28 April 2023
|Masala Coffee USA Tour
|The Micheal & Son Sportsplex, USA
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=MASALA COFFEE LIVE IN CONCERT - VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, WASHINGTON DC |url=https://www.upcomingevents.com/washington-dc/events/the-michael-son-sportsplex-at-dulles/masala-coffee-live-in-concert-virginia-maryland-washington-dc-106318 |website=UpcomingEvents}}</ref>
|-
|8 October 2023
|Manipur Rising
|Sunday Soul Sante, Hyderabad
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='Manipur Rising' showcases resilience and hope in Hyderabad |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/manipur-rising-showcases-resilience-and-hope-in-hyderabad |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Imphal Free Press |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|12 November 2023
|The Swiggy SteppinOut
|Jayamahal Palace, Bangalore
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swiggy SteppinOut Carnival on November 12 & 13 {{!}} LBB |url=https://lbb.in/bangalore/Swiggy-steppinout-carnival-in-bangalore/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=LBB, Bangalore |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|Masala Coffee Europe Tour
|Various
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Masala Coffee Europe Tour 2019 |url=https://www.indoeuropean.eu/masala-coffee-europe-tour-2019/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=www.indoeuropean.eu|date=10 September 2019 }}</ref>
|-
|1 February 2024
|Masala Coffee Ireland Tour
|Limerick, Ireland
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Masala Coffee - An Grianan Theatre - Letterkenny, Donegal. Arts Music Comedy Venue |url=https://angrianan.com/event/masala-coffee/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=angrianan.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*''Manorama Online'' - Of fusion, folk, coffee and more<ref>{{cite news |last=Rebecca |first=Merin |date=4 July 2015 |title=Of fusion, folk, coffee and more |url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/music/masala-coffee-folk-fusion-band-for-the-love-of-music.html |work=manoramaonline |access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref>
*''New Indian Express'' - Masala Coffee to soothe your musical senses<ref>{{cite news |last=Damodaran |first=Akhila |date=18 November 2017 |title=some-masala-coffee-to-soothe-your-musical-senses |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2017/nov/17/some-masala-coffee-to-soothe-your-musical-senses-1703949.html |work=New Indian Express |access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref>
*''Telangana Today'' - Piquant concoction of music<ref>{{cite news |last=B |first=Keerthana |date=16 July 2017 |title=Piquant concoction of music |url=https://telanganatoday.com/piquant-concoction-of-music |work=Telangana Today |access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref>
*''The Hans India'' - Fifth edition of Hyderabad Arts Festival announced<ref>{{cite news |author= |title= Fifth-edition-of-Hyderabad-Arts-Festival-announced |url= http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Food/2017-04-14/Fifth-edition-of-Hyderabad-Arts-Festival-announced/293544|work= The Hans India |location= Hyderabad |date= 14 April 2017 |access-date= 17 March 2018}}</ref>
*''The Hans India'' - Masala Coffee drops some fusion rock<ref>{{cite news |author= |title= Masala Coffee drops some fusion rock |url= http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Life-Style/2017-07-17/Masala-Coffee-drops-some-fusion-rock/312806|work= The Hans India |location= Hyderabad |date= 17 July 2017 |access-date= 17 March 2018}}</ref>
*''Mid Day'' - South Indian Band Masala Coffee To Perform In Mumbai For The First Time<ref>{{cite news |last=The Guide Team |date=18 January 2018 |title=South Indian Band Masala Coffee To Perform In Mumbai For The First Time |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/south-indian-band-masala-coffee-to-perform-in-mumbai-for-the-first-time/18949189 |work=Mid-Day |access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref>

== External links ==
Masala Coffee Official Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/masalacoffeeband/

[[Category:Indian rock music groups]]
[[Category:Music bands from Kerala]]

Gaganyaan-4

2026-04-07T08:26:36Z

JaimieCarrigan: Starting first details w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian spaceflight, planned Q1 2027}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = Gaganyaan-4
| names_list = {{hlist|H1|Gaganyaan-4}}
| image = Gaganyaan crewed spacecraft in deployed twin solar panel configuration.png
| image_caption = Rendering of Gaganyaan crewed spacecraft
| mission_type = Crewed [[flight test]]
| operator = [[ISRO]]
| mission_duration =
| orbits_completed =
| spacecraft = [[Gaganyaan]]
| spacecraft_type =
| manufacturer = [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]]
| launch_mass = 
| dry_mass = 
| launch_date = Q1 2027 (planned)<ref>{{cite news |title=India's Gaganyaan mission in final phase, maiden crew launch in early 2027 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/gaganyaan-mission/story/indias-gaganyaan-mission-in-final-phase-maiden-crew-launch-in-early-2027-2720520-2025-05-06 |work=India Today |date=6 May 2025 |access-date=9 May 2025}}</ref>
| launch_rocket = [[LVM3|HLVM3]]
| launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
| crew_members = {{Unbulleted list
|[[Shubhanshu Shukla]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Path to Space: Group Captain Shukla Commands Gaganyaan {{!}} Headlines |url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/headlines/3480764-indias-path-to-space-group-captain-shukla-commands-gaganyaan |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=Devdiscourse |language=en}}</ref>
|TBA
}}
| recovery_by =
| landing_date =
| landing_site =
| crew_photo =
| crew_photo_caption =
| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit]]
| orbit_regime = [[Low Earth orbit]]
| orbit_inclination =
| apsis =
| insignia = [[File:Indian Astronaut Logo.png|70px]]
| insignia_caption =
| insignia_size =
| programme = [[Indian Human Spaceflight Programme]]
| previous_mission = [[Gaganyaan-3]]
| next_mission = [[Gaganyaan-5]]
}}

'''Gaganyaan-4''' (from [[Sanskrit]]: {{lang|sa|gagana}}, "celestial" and {{lang|sa|yāna}}, "craft, vehicle") also named as '''H1''' will be the first crewed test flight of the [[Gaganyaan]] programme, with launch planned for Q1 2027.

== Mission ==
The mission is planned to demonstrate human spaceflight capability by sending a crew to an orbit of 400 km of altitude<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/gaganyaan-mission-pm-modi-reveals-4-astronaut-designates-selected-to-go-to-space-check-names-here/articleshow/108034933.cms?from=mdr |title=Gaganyaan mission: PM Modi reveals 4 astronaut-designates selected to go to space. Check names here |date=2024-02-27 |accessdate=2024-02-27 |newspaper=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sankaran|first=Vishwam|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/space/india-woman-robot-gaganyaan-mission-b2490518.html|title=India to fly 'woman robot' to space ahead of ambitious crewed mission|date=2024-02-05|accessdate=2024-02-27|website=The Independent}}</ref><ref name="asianet2024-02-28">{{Cite web |last=athira.pn |title='ആദ്യ ആളില്ലാ ഗഗൻയാൻ ദൗത്യം ഉടൻ, ഇന്ത്യൻ ബഹിരാകാശ നിലയത്തിന്റെ ഡിസൈൻ അവസാന ഘട്ടത്തിൽ': ഇസ്രൊ ചെയർമാൻ |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/kerala-news/isro-chairman-s-somanath-about-gaganyaan-mission-asianet-news-exclusive-apn-s9jqip |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml}}</ref> for 7 days.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.space.com/india-isro-gaganyaan-flight-testing-humanoid-robot|title=India completes critical test for Gaganyaan flight crewed by humanoid robot later this year |date=2024-02-27 |accessdate=2024-02-28 |website=space.com|first=Sharmila|last=Kuthunur}}</ref> Reporting in January 2020 for the ''Hindustan Times'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-08 |title=India’s first manned mission Gaganyaan may take 1 astronaut |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-s-first-manned-mission-gaganyaan-may-take-1-astronaut/story-nh095IVken3trSu0V1wVnK.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Anonna Dutt quotes [[K. Sivan]], then chairman of ISRO, as saying

{{blockquote|We are designing the mission for three people to go to low earth orbit for seven days. However, whether we send two people or one person and whether they spend seven days in the orbit or one will be decided [after the] unmanned flights.}}

In October 2023, it was announced that the first crewed flight would take place after three uncrewed missions of the [[human-rated]] HLVM3.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1968368|title=Prime Minister reviews readiness of Gaganyaan Mission|date=2023-10-17|accessdate=2024-02-27|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> The launch is planned for Q1 2027<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/tech/indias-gaganyaan-mission-delayed-wont-be-launched-in-2025-announces-isro-13829776.html|title=India's Gaganyaan Mission delayed, won’t be launched in 2025, announces ISRO|lang=en-us|author=FP Staff|website=Firstpost|date=2024-10-28|access-date=2024-10-29}}</ref> with the capsule coming down in the Indian Ocean.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/space/india-announces-four-member-crew-gaganyaan-space-mission-2024-02-27/|title=India announces four-member crew for 'Gaganyaan' space mission|work=Reuters|date=2024-02-27|accessdate=2024-02-28}}</ref>

== Background ==
{{Excerpt |Indian Human Spaceflight Programme |only=paragraphs}}

== Crew ==

[[File:Gaganyaan crew at Russia.jpg|thumb|India's initial astronaut corps at the [[Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center]], from left: [[Subhanshu Shukla|Shukla]], [[Prasanth Nair (astronaut)|Nair]], [[Ajit Krishnan|Krishnan]] and [[Angad Prathap|Prathap]]]]
The Gaganyan programme astronauts, [[Prasanth Nair (astronaut)|Prasanth Nair]], [[Angad Pratap]], [[Ajit Krishnan]] and [[Shubhanshu Shukla]], were announced on 27 February 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=PM Modi introduces 4 Gaganyaan astronauts to world, says they 'will take dreams of 140cr Indians to space' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-introduces-4-gaganyaan-astronauts-to-world-says-they-will-take-dreams-of-140cr-indians-to-space/articleshow/108039065.cms |website=The Times of India |date=2024-02-27 |access-date=2024-02-27}}</ref> Those selected for the first spaceflight will be from this pool of qualified astronauts, and one of them, [[Shubhanshu Shukla]] flew to the ISS in 2025 on [[Axiom Mission 4]] with [[Prasanth Nair (astronaut)|Prasanth Nair]] as his backup.<ref>{{cite web|last=Desk|first=Janam Web|url=https://english.janamtv.com/news/kerala/96898/why-were-the-names-of-gaganyaan-passengers-revealed-a-year-before-its-launch/|title=Why were the names of Gaganyaan passengers revealed a year before its launch?|date=2024-02-28|accessdate=2024-02-28|website=janamtv.com}}</ref> It is considered that one or two crewmembers will take part of this mission, with one being Shukla due to his flight experience.<ref name="asianet2024-02-28" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Path to Space: Group Captain Shukla Commands Gaganyaan {{!}} Headlines |url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/headlines/3480764-indias-path-to-space-group-captain-shukla-commands-gaganyaan |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=Devdiscourse |language=en}}</ref>
{{Spaceflight crew
| crew = prime
| terminology = Astronaut
| references = <ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Path to Space: Group Captain Shukla Commands Gaganyaan {{!}} Headlines |url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/headlines/3480764-indias-path-to-space-group-captain-shukla-commands-gaganyaan |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=Devdiscourse |language=en}}</ref>

| position1 = Commander
| crew1_up = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shubhanshu Shukla]]
| agency1_up = [[ISRO]]
| flights1_up = Second
| position2 = Pilot (Unconfirmed)
| crew2_up = {{flagicon|IND}} TBA
| agency2_up = [[ISRO]]
| flights2_up = First
}}

== Spacecraft ==
{{Excerpt |Gaganyaan |only=paragraph |paragraph=1}}

== Launch vehicle ==
[[File:HLVM3.svg|thumb|Representation of Human Rated LVM3|140px]]
{{Excerpt |LVM3 |only=paragraph |paragraph=1}}

== Future international collaboration ==
ISRO, the Department of Space and the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Center (IN-SPACe), together with [[Voyager Technologies|Voyager Space]], agreed to a memorandum of understanding to explore the use of Gaganyaan for crew transportation to Voyager's planned [[Starlab (space station)|Starlab]] space station.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aviationweek.com/aerospace/commercial-space/voyager-looks-india-crew-flight-services |first=Irene |last=Klotz |publisher=Aviation Week |title=Voyager Looks To India For Crew Flight Services |date=July 10, 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
{{Indian space programme}}
{{Future spaceflights}}

[[Category:Gaganyaan]]
[[Category:Test spaceflights]]
[[Category:2027 in spaceflight]]
[[Category:2027 in India]]
[[Category:Future human spaceflights]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched by LVM3 rockets]]

Krishand R. K.

2026-03-31T13:07:57Z

JaimieCarrigan: post

{{Short description|Indian filmmaker}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Krishand
| image = Krishand Filmmaker.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Krishand R. K.
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| education = Mohandas College of Engineering and Technology, [[Nedumangad]], [[Trivandrum]]
[[IIT Bombay]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Director|cinematographer|producer|screenwriter}}
| years_active = 2012 – present
| spouse =
| children =
| father =
| awards = {{ubl|[[Kerala State Film Awards]]|[[Padmarajan Award]]}}
}}

'''Krishand R. K.''', professionally credited as '''Krishand''', is an Indian film director, screenwriter, cinematographer and producer, who works in [[Malayalam cinema]].<ref>{{Cite interview |interviewer=Rameshan C.V. |title=ആവാസവ്യൂഹം എനിക്കൊരു പെർഫെക്ട് സൂപ്പർ ഹീറോ ചിത്രം - ക്രിഷാന്ത് |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/features/interview-with-avasa-vyooham-director-krishand-e4c305d3 |access-date=4 September 2022 |work=[[Mathrubhumi]] |date=19 April 2022 |subject=Krishand RK |trans-title=Aavasavyuham is a perfect superhero film for me - Krishanth |language=ml}}</ref> He has won a [[National Film Award]] and two [[Kerala State Film Awards]] and a [[Padmarajan Award]] for his film ''[[Aavasavyuham]]''.

==Early life==
Krishand received his [[Bachelor of Technology]] from Mohandas College of Engineering and Technology in [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref name="Indian" /> He got his Master of Design from [[IDC School of Design]], [[IIT Bombay]].<ref>{{Cite interview |interviewer=R B Sreelekha / Onmanorama online |title='Avasa Vyooham' fame Rahul Rajagopal says he approached the film like a little child |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/interviews/2022/08/11/avasa-vyooham-rahul-rajagopal-joy-protagonist-amphibian-hunt-film.html |access-date=5 September 2022 |work=[[Onmanorama]] |date=11 August 2022 |subject=Rahul Rajagopal}}</ref>

==Career==
Krishand began his career in 2012 as a screenwriter in the short film ''Flames''. He has also scripted and directed the short films, ''Mombattiyan'' and ''Bhagavthikaavile Paapikal''.

In 2018, the [[web series]] ''Utsaha Ithihasam'' on [[Zee5]], directed by Krishand received a nomination in the Seoul Webfest<ref name="epic">{{Cite news |last=Gokul M.G. |date=24 May 2018 |title=Epic on air! |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/240518/epic-on-air.html |access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref> and won Best Dramedy award.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Malayalam web series Utsaha Ithihasam wins big at Seoul Webfest |work=Indiantelevision.com |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/malayalam-web-series-utsaha-ithihasam-wins-big-at-seoul-webfest-180827 |access-date=4 September 2022 | date=27 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Francis |first=Tom |date=19 April 2020 |title=ZEE5 Original Utsaha Ithihasam Makes The Perfect Binge While Staying Indoors |work=[[ZEE5]] |url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/zee5-original-utsaha-ithihasam-makes-the-perfect-binge-while-staying-indoors |access-date=5 September 2022}}</ref>

In 2018, he made his feature film debut in Malayalam as a director of ''Vrithakrithyilulla Chathuram''. It competed in the [[International Film Festival of Kerala|International Film Festival of Kerala (IFFK)]]'s international competition category.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 December 2019 |title='A Minor Inconvenience': Of family, death and life's subtle ups and downs |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |location=India |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2019/12/12/a-minor-inconvenience-of-family-death-life-subtle-ups-and-downs.html |access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref> The film won a [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Background Music]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Seena Anthony |date=14 October 2020 |title=ഇതിനു മുന്‍പ് സംഗീതത്തിന് എനിക്കൊരു ചെറിയ ട്രോഫി പോലും കിട്ടിയിട്ടില്ല; ആദ്യമായി കിട്ടിയത് സംസ്ഥാന പുരസ്കാരം: അജ്മല്‍ ഹസ്ബുല്ല അഭിമുഖം |language=ml |trans-title=I have never received a single trophy for music before; State award for the first time: Ajmal Hasbullah Interview |work=[[Malayala Manorama]] |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/interviews/2020/10/14/state-award-for-ajmal-husbulla-background-music.html |access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref>

His second film, ''[[Aavasavyuham]]'', competed in the 26th IFFK (IFFK 2021).<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 March 2022 |title=68 films on second day of IFFK; 'Aavasavyuham' to be screened in International competition category |work=English [[Mathrubhumi]] |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/68-films-on-second-day-of-iffk-aavasavyuham-to-be-screened-in-international-competition-category-1.7357456 |access-date=5 September 2022}}</ref> where it won the [[FIPRESCI Award|FIPRESCI]] and [[NETPAC Award]].<ref name="hindu iffk 2021">{{Cite news |date=25 March 2022  |title=Clara Sola wins Suvarna Chakoram at IFFK |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/clara-sola-wins-suvarna-chakoram-at-iffk/article65260234.ece}}</ref> It also won the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Screenplay]] and [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Film]].<ref name="hindu kerala state 2022">{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=S. r |date=27 May 2022 |title=Experimental cinema wins big at 52nd Kerala State Film Awards |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/experimental-cinema-wins-big-at-52nd-kerala-state-film-awards/article65467180.ece}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable
| style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

===Films===

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Credits
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2012
| ''Flame''
| Co-writer
| Short film
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Westbourne Programme 2013 |url=https://www.portobellofilmfestival.com/2013/westbourne-programme.html |access-date=8 October 2022 |website=[[Portobello Film Festival]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2013
| ''Mombattiyan''
| Director, writer, editor
| Short film
|
|-
| ''Slight''
| Cinematographer
| Short film
|
|-
| ''Interval 3D''
| Cinematographer
| Anthology segment in ''[[Shuruaat Ka Interval]]''
| <ref>{{Cite news |last=Adivarekar |first=Priya |date=22 August 2014 |title=HumaraMovie's Shuruaat Ka Interval festival premieres at PVR |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/humaramovies-shuruaat-ka-interval-festival-premieres-at-pvr/}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
| ''Ghoda 22''
| Director, writer
| Short film
|
|-
| 2016
| ''Bhagavathikaavile Paapikal''
| Director, cinematographer
| Short film
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramadugu |first=Mridula |date=23 October 2017 |title=Social, As I Am Suffering From Kadhal, Youthappam and other must-watch south Indian web series t |work=[[Firstpost]] |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/social-as-i-am-suffering-from-kadhal-youthappam-and-other-must-watch-south-indian-web-series-4166787.html/amp |access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2019
|''Water Bodies''
| Director, cinematographer
| Documentary short
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Devarsi |date=3 August 2022 |title='Tiktok and spectacle': Behind the scenes of experimental Malayalam film 'Aavasavyuham' |work=[[Scroll.in]] |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1029711/tiktok-and-spectacle-behind-the-scenes-of-experimental-malayalam-film-aavasavyuham |access-date=5 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''Vrithakrithyilulla Chathuram''
| Director, cinematographer
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=IFFK 2019: തിയേറ്റർ റിലീസ് വേണ്ട: 'വൃത്താകൃതിയിലുള്ള ചതുരം' സംവിധായകന്‍ കൃഷൻഡ് പറയുന്നു |language=ml |trans-title=IFFK 2019: No Theatrical Release: 'Rounded Square' Director Krishand Says |work=[[Indian Express Malayalam]] |url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/iffk/vrithakrithiyilulla-chathuram-a-minor-inconvenience-krishand-r-k-interview-322685/ |access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
|''[[Aavasavyuham]]''
| Director, writer, producer
|
|<ref name="Indian">{{Cite news |last=Haridas |first=Aathira |date=28 May 2022 |title=Avasavyooham proves dark humour works in Malayalam: Filmmaker Krishand RK |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2022/may/28/avasavyooham-proves-dark-humour-works-in-malayalamfilmmaker-krishand-rk-2458827.html |access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[Purusha Pretham]]''
|Director, cinematographer
|
|-
|2024
|''[[Gaganachari]]''
|Co-producer
|Krishand Films (in association with)
|
|-
|2025
|''Sangarsha Ghadana - The Art of Warfare''
|Director, writer, producer
|
|
|-
| 2026 ||''[[Masthishka Maranam (film)|Masthishka Maranam – A Frankenbiting of Simon's Memories]]'' || Director, writer, Co-producer || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-09 |title=Krishand's Masthishka Maranam gets a release date, teaser out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2026/Feb/09/krishands-masthishka-maranam-gets-a-release-date-teaser-out |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Web series ===

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Crew role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2018
| ''Utsaha Ithihasam''
| Director
|
| <ref name="epic" />
|-
| 2020
| ''Ennum Varunna Dhoomakedhu''
| Writer, producer
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gautham S |date=24 June 2020 |title=This series is tackling gender stereotypes |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2020/jun/24/this-series-is-tackling-gender-stereotypes-2160445.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=This series is tackling gender stereotypes |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2020/jun/24/this-series-is-tackling-gender-stereotypes-2160445.html |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=The New Indian Express|date=24 June 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|2022
| ''Kraya Vikraya Prakriya''
| Director, writer, cinematographer
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 August 2022 |title=Aavasavyuham is an attempt to mock the mockumentary: Director Krishand interview |work=[[The News Minute]] |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/aavasavyuham-attempt-mock-mockumentary-director-krishand-interview-167148 |interviewer=Lakshmi Priya / The News Minute |subject=Krishand}}</ref>
|-
|2025
| ''[[The Chronicles of the 4.5 Gang]]''
| Director, writer
|
|
|-
|}

== Accolades ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+List of awards and nominations
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Work
! class="unsortable"| Result
! class="unsortable"| {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
|2023
|[[69th National Film Awards]]
|[[National Film Award for Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation]]
|Aavasavyuham
|Won
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-24 |title=69th National Film Awards 2023 complete winners list: Rocketry, Alia Bhatt, Kriti Sanon, Allu Arjun win big |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/69th-national-film-awards-2023-winners-list-8907028/ |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=7 | 2022
| rowspan=2 | [[IFFK|26th International Film Festival of Kerala (IFFK 2021)]] 
| [[FIPRESCI Award]] for Best Malayalam film
|''[[Aavasavyuham]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref name="IFFK">{{Cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Devarsi |date=3 August 2022 |title='Tiktok and spectacle': Behind the scenes of experimental Malayalam film 'Aavasavyuham' |work=[[Scroll.in]] |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1029711/tiktok-and-spectacle-behind-the-scenes-of-experimental-malayalam-film-aavasavyuham |access-date=5 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[NETPAC Award]] for Best Malayalam film
|''Aavasavyuham''
| {{won}}
|<ref name="IFFK" />
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[52nd Kerala State Film Awards]] 
| [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
|''Aavasavyuham''
| {{won}}
|<ref name="Avaasavyooham Award">{{Cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Tanushree |date=20 June 2022 |title=Kerala Film Awards 2022: How Aavasavyuham, Chavittu and Prapedda are expanding the scope of playing with the form |language=en |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/kerala-film-awards-2022-how-aavasavyuham-chavittu-and-prapedda-are-expanding-the-scope-of-playing-with-the-form-7979026/ |access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="hindu kerala state 2022" />
|-
| [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay (Original)]]
|''Aavasavyuham''
| {{won}}
|<ref name="Avaasavyooham Award" /><ref name="hindu kerala state 2022" />
|-
| 13th [[J. C. Daniel#Foundation Award|J. C. Foundation Award]] 
| Best film
|''Aavasavyuham''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 June 2022 |title=JC Daniel Foundation Awards announced, Joju George and Durga Krishna are best actors |work=[[The Times of India]]  |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/jc-daniel-foundation-awards-announced-joju-george-and-durga-krishna-are-best-actors/articleshow/92985576.cms |access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=times of india not a reliable source|date=November 2022}}
|-
| rowspan=2 | 29th [[Padmarajan Award]]s 
| Best Director
| Krishand RK / ''Aavasavyuham''{{efn|shared with [[Sidhartha Siva]] / ''Aanu''}}
| {{won}}
| <ref name="padmarajan1">{{Cite news |date=22 May 2022 |title=സിദ്ധാർഥ് ശിവയ്ക്കും കൃഷാന്ദിനും പദ്മരാജൻ പുരസ്കാരം; സാഹിത്യത്തിൽ അംബികാസുതൻ മാങ്ങാടും ഷിനിലാലും |language=ml |trans-title=Padmarajan Award to Siddharth Siva and Krishand; Ambikasuthan Mangad and Shinilal in literature |work=[[Samakalika Malayalam]] |url=https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/chalachithram-film/2022/may/22/padmarajan-award-for-siddhartha-siva-and-krishand-149710.html |access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="padmarajan2">{{Cite news |title=Padmarajan awards announced; Ambikasuthan Mangadum V won the Sahitya Puraskar. Shinilalum |work=time.news |url=https://time.news/padmarajan-awards-announced-ambikasuthan-mangadum-v-won-the-sahitya-puraskar-shinilalum/ |access-date=4 September 2022 | date=22 May 2022}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|reason=time.news not a reliable source|date=November 2022}}
|-
| Best Screenplay
| Krishand RK / ''Aavasavyuham''
| {{won}}
| <ref name="padmarajan1" /><ref name="padmarajan2"/>
|}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|https://www.krishandfilms.com}}
*{{IMDb name|5636563}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:RK, Krishand}}
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayalam film producers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:IIT Bombay alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Yuthan Balaji

2026-03-27T09:51:07Z

JaimieCarrigan: put up new details.

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Yuthan Balaji
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Balaji Balakrishnan
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1987|10|24}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| education = [[Bachelor of Science]]
| alma_mater = [[Loyola College, Chennai]]
| occupation = Actor
| known_for = ''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal]]''
| website =
| othername =
| yearsactive = 2006 – present
}}

'''K. Yuthan Balaji''' is an Indian actor who has appeared in [[Tamil language]] films. He made his debut in the 2009 ensemble film, ''[[Pattalam (2009 film)|Pattalam]]'' produced by [[N. Linguswamy]], before featuring in ''[[Kaadhal Solla Vandhen]]'' (2010) and ''[[Nagarvalam]]'' (2017).

==Career==
After appearing in the successful [[Vijay TV]] school drama television serial ''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal]]'', Balaji and several of his co-stars were cast as the lead actors of Rohan Krishna's coming-of-age drama film ''[[Pattalam (2009 film)|Pattalam]]'' (2009). Produced by [[N. Linguswamy]] and featuring [[Nadhiya Moidu]] in a key role, the film did not perform as well as anticipated at the box office. He was then selected to play the lead role in [[Boopathy Pandian]]'s ''[[Kaadhal Solla Vandhen]]'' (2010) after the film went through a change of cast. Starring opposite [[Meghana Raj]], the film had a wide release across [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/kadhal-solla-vandhen-movie-review.html|title=KADHAL SOLLA VANDHEN REVIEW - TAMIL MOVIE KADHAL SOLLA VANDHEN REVIEW|website=www.behindwoods.com}}</ref> He then appeared in ''[[Meiyyazhagi]]'' (2013) portraying a man with [[cerebral palsy]] and the film had a low-profile release and received mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/meiyyazhagi/movie-review/26412335.cms|title=Meiyyazhagi Movie Review {1.5/5}: Critic Review of Meiyyazhagi by Times of India|work=The Times of India |via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iluvcinema.in/tamil/meiyyazhagi-movie-review/|title=Movie review|website=iluvcinema.in}}</ref>

He made a comeback through a romantic thriller film titled ''[[Nagarvalam]]'' in 2017, and changed his stage name from Balaji Balakrishnan to Yuthan Balaji.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/nagarvalam/movie-review/58311122.cms|title=Nagarvalam Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Nagarvalam by Times of India|work=The Times of India |via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/nagarvalam-vexed-in-the-city/article18185504.ece|title=Nagarvalam: Vexed in the city|first=Chitra Deepa|last=Anantharam|newspaper=The Hindu|date=21 April 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

With a few films where he plays chocolate boy role in his kitty, Yuthan Balaji has opted for a high action web series in the late 2018 and taken the avatar of a gangster in [[Vella Raja]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/181218/yuthan-balaji-plays-a-gangster.html|title=Yuthan Balaji plays a gangster|first=Anupama|last=Subramanian|date=18 December 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

==Filmography==
*''All films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
|rowspan="1"|2009 || ''[[Pattalam (2009 film)|Pattalam]]'' || Jerry ||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2010 || ''[[Kaadhal Solla Vandhen]]'' || Prabhu ||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2013 || ''[[Meiyyazhagi]]'' || Deiva ||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2017 || ''[[Nagarvalam]]'' || Kumar ||
|}

===Television===
*[[Star Vijay]] - ''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal]]'' (2006) as Joseph
*[[Zee Tamizh]] - ''[[Dance Jodi Dance]]'' (2016) as Yuthan
*''[[Vella Raja]]'' (2018) as Kathir

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Balaji, Yuthan}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Chennai]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Loyola College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

Nyegyi Kansang

2026-03-26T07:33:35Z

JaimieCarrigan: corrected intro for clarity

{{Short description|Mountain in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Katoie Gyang
| other_name = Nyegyi Kangtsang (Tibetan language)
| native_name = {{native name|njz|Kra Daadi}}
| photo = Katoie_gyang_kra_daadi.jpg
| photo_caption = Katoie Gyang or Kra Daadi photographed from the gorge of the Kameng/Katoie Kua Pi by Chintan Sheth on 12 December 2020.
| elevation_m = 7047
| elevation_ref = <ref>{{cite peakbagger|pid=12846|title=Nyegyi Kansang|accessdate=2011-09-17}}</ref>
| prominence_m = 1752
| prominence_ref = <ref name="peaklist">{{cite web|url=http://peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/everest.html|title=High Asia II: Himalaya of Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and adjoining region of Tibet|publisher=Peaklist.org|accessdate=2014-06-01}}</ref>
| range = [[Eastern Himalayas]]
| listing = [[Ultra-prominent peak|Ultra]]
| location = [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[India]]
| map = India
| map_caption = Arunachal Pradesh, India
| map_size = 330
| label_position = left
| coordinates = {{coord|27|56|12|N|92|40|00|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref = <ref name="peaklist"/>
| first_ascent =
| easiest_route =
}}
'''Nyegyi Kangtsang''' (also known as '''''Katoie Gyang''''' by [[Puroik people]] and '''''Kra-Daadi''''' by [[Nyishi people]])<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheth |first=Chintan |date=2021-10-30 |title=Why is the Kameng river muddy ? Oct-Nov 2021 |url=https://essaysbyanaturalist.wordpress.com/2021/10/30/why-was-the-kameng-river-muddy-in-oct-2021/ |access-date=2021-11-25 |website=Essays by a naturalist |language=en}}</ref> is a [[mountain]] of the [[Eastern Himalayas]] located in [[East Kameng district|East Kameng]] district of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] state of [[India]] on the border with [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]].<ref name="peaklist"/><ref name=hj_1996/>

== Location ==
The peak is referred to as ''Katoie Gyang'' by the [[Puroik people|Puroik]] people and ''Kra-Daadi'' or ''Wapra Kra-Daadi'' by [[Nyishi people|Nyishi]] tribes in East Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheth |first=Chintan |date=2021-10-30 |title=Why is the Kameng river muddy ? Oct-Nov 2021 |url=https://essaysbyanaturalist.wordpress.com/2021/10/30/why-was-the-kameng-river-muddy-in-oct-2021/ |access-date=2021-11-25 |website=Essays by a naturalist |language=en}}</ref> It has an elevation of {{Cvt|7047|m|ft}}.<ref name=pb>{{Cite peakbagger |name=Nyegyi Kansang |pid=12846 |access-date=2022-09-09}}</ref>

Katoie Gyang is one of the highest mountains in Arunachal Pradesh. The [[Kameng River|Kameng]] or ''Kaming'' (as referred to by [[Nyishi people]]) or ''Katoie Kwa Pi'' as referred to by [[Puroik people]], is one of the most important rivers in Arunachal Pradesh. The Kameng or ''Katoie Kwa Pi'' is fed by several glaciers such as ''Katoie Gyang Glacier'' on the eastern flank of ''Katoie Gyang''. The northern flank of the mountain is drained by the [[Subansiri River|Subansiri]]. It is one of the three major peaks of the Kangto massif.<ref name=aaj_2011>{{Cite aaj|last=Griffin|first=Lindsay|year=2011|title=Arunachal Pradesh, Photography of the Kangto Range|article_id=12201131100|volume=53|issue=85|pages=311|access-date=2023-06-16}}</ref>

== Climbing history ==
On October 23, 1995, a five-member Indian expedition led by MP Yadav claimed to have succeeded in the first ascent of the Nyegi Kantsang over the northeast ridge.<ref name=hj_1996>{{Cite journal |title=The FIRST ASCENT OF NYEGI KANGSANG|journal=[[Himalayan Journal]]|year=1996|volume=52|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/52/3/first-ascent-of-nyegi-kangsang/ |access-date=2022-09-08}}</ref> However, it was later found that the team reached a point about 600 metres below the main summit, and the peak is still unclimbed.<ref>{{Cite book |title=1999 American Alpine Journal |publisher=AAJ |year=1999}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of ultras of the Himalayas]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Mountains of Tibet]]
[[Category:Seven-thousanders of the Himalayas]]
[[Category:Mountains of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ultra-prominent peaks of Asia]]

{{Tibet-geo-stub}}
{{ArunachalPradesh-geo-stub}}

Travancore-Cochin Medical Practitioners Act, 1953

2026-03-25T18:42:59Z

JaimieCarrigan:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}

{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Travancore-Cochin Medical Practitioners Act, 1953
| legislature = [[Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly]]
| citation = [https://medicalcouncil.kerala.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/tcmpact1953.pdf Act IX of 1953]
| territorial_extent = Travancore-Cochin
| enacted_by = [[Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly]]
| repealed_by = [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/20288/1/mp_acteng.pdf Kerala State Medical Practitioners Act, 2021]
| status = repealed
}}

The '''Travancore Cochin Medical Practitioners Act, 1953''' regulates the qualifications and provides registration for medical doctors qualified in [[modern medicine]], [[homeopathic medicine]] and indigenous medicine.<ref>{{cite web |title=Travancore-Cochin Medical Practitioners Act 1953 |url=http://www.medicalcouncil.kerala.gov.in/pdf/tcmpact1953.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309164136/https://medicalcouncil.kerala.gov.in/pdf/tcmpact1953.pdf |archive-date=9 March 2021 |accessdate=26 April 2018 |website=Medical Council of Kerala}}</ref> At the time of enactment, it extended to the state of Travancore-Cochin, which later became [[Kerala]] state. The Act directs the establishment of the Council of Modern Medicine (with 9 members), Council of Homeopathic medicine (5 members) and the council of indigenous medicine (11 members). This Act allows giving registration for practicing medicine to those registered under this Act. The practitioners registered under this Act will be listed in a registry. The annual list of practitioners is published in gazettes. Practitioners registered under this Act are allowed to use the words ''legally qualified medical practitioner'' or ''duly qualified medical practitioner''.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Travancore-Cochin Medical Practitioners Act, 1953}}
[[Category:Medical education in India]]
[[Category:Health law in India]]
[[Category:Kerala state legislation]]

Kesari Chapter 2

2026-03-22T18:51:07Z

JaimieCarrigan: done - done

{{Short description|2025 Indian film by Karan Singh Tyagi}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kesari Chapter 2
| image = Kesari Chapter 2.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Karan Singh Tyagi]]
| writer = Karan Singh Tyagi Amritpal Singh Bindra<ref name=":3" />
{{infobox
| decat=yes
| child=yes
| label1=Dialogues by
| data1=Akshat Ghildial
}}
| based_on = {{based on|''[[The Case That Shook The Empire]]'' by Raghu Palat and Pushpa Palat}}
| producer = Hiroo Yash Johar Aruna Bhatia [[Karan Johar]] [[Adar Poonawalla]] [[Apoorva Mehta]] Amritpal Singh Bindra [[Anand Tiwari]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Juneja |first=Apeksha |date=24 March 2025 |title=Kesari Chapter 2 OTT Release: Here's where you can watch Akshay Kumar, Ananya Panday, R Madhavan's historical drama after its theatrical run |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/kesari-chapter-2-ott-release-heres-where-you-can-watch-akshay-kumar-ananya-panday-r-madhavans-historical-drama-after-its-theatrical-run-1378920 |access-date=3 April 2025 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en}}</ref>
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Akshay Kumar]]
*[[R. Madhavan]]
*[[Ananya Panday]]
*[[Regena Cassandrra]]
}}
| narrator = [[Vicky Kaushal]]
| cinematography = Debojeet Ray
| editing = Nitin Baid
| music = [[Shashwat Sachdev]]

| studio = [[Dharma Productions]] Leo Media Collective [[Cape of Good Films]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 February 2025 |title='Kesari Chapter 2 - The Untold Chapter of Jallianwala Bagh': Akshay Kumar, Ananya Panday film gets release date |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kesari-chapter-2-the-untold-chapter-of-jallianwala-bagh-akshay-kumar-ananya-panday-film-gets-release-date/article69222484.ece |access-date=3 April 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
| distributor = Dharma Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|04|18}}
| runtime = 135 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |last=Negi|first=Shrishti|title=Kesari Chapter 2 Gets 'A' Certificate From CBFC; Runtime Revealed For Akshay Kumar Film |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kesari-chapter-2-gets-a-certificate-from-cbfc-runtime-revealed-for-akshay-kumar-film-9293150.html |access-date=9 April 2025 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}150 crore<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Tina |date=21 April 2025 |title=Kesari 2 to Akaal, Karan Johar's Punjab project isn't paying off |url=https://theprint.in/feature/kesari-2-to-akaal-karan-johars-punjab-project-isnt-paying-off/2597370/ |access-date=22 April 2025 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR|142–144.35}} crore<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-11 |title=Kesari Chapter 2 on OTT: When and where to watch Akshay Kumar's courtroom drama |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/kesari-chapter-2-ott-when-where-to-watch-akshay-kumar-courtroom-drama-2739158-2025-06-11 |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2025 |title=Kesari Chapter 2 Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kesari-chapter2/box-office/ |access-date=22 April 2025 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en |archive-date=24 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250424222602/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kesari-chapter2/box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
'''''Kesari Chapter 2: The Untold Story of Jallianwala Bagh''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Historical drama|historical]] [[courtroom drama]] film directed by [[Karan Singh Tyagi]] and produced by [[Dharma Productions]], Leo Media Collective, and [[Cape Of Good Films|Cape of Good Films]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Savadi |first=Tanmayi |date=3 April 2025 |title=Kesari Chapter 2: DYK Akshay Kumar, Madhavan, Ananya Panday's Courtroom Drama Is Directed By A Lawyer? |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/kesari-chapter-2-dyk-akshay-kumar-madhavan-ananya-pandays-courtroom-drama-is-directed-by-a-lawyer-article-151339245 |access-date=3 April 2025 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> A [[spiritual sequel]] to ''[[Kesari (2019 film)|Kesari]]'' (2019), the plot is based on the book ''[[The Case That Shook The Empire]]'' by Raghu Palat and Pushpa Palat, which is centered around [[C. Sankaran Nair]] and the 1919 [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 February 2025 |title=Release of Akshay Kumar and Ananya Panday's 'Kesari Chapter 2' postponed to April |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/release-of-akshay-kumar-and-ananya-pandays-kesari-chapter-2-postponed-to-april/articleshow/118271687.cms |access-date=3 April 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film stars [[Akshay Kumar]] as Nair alongside [[R. Madhavan]], [[Ananya Panday]] and [[Regena Cassandrra]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Sharva |date=4 February 2025 |title=Akshay Kumar, R Madhavan, And Ananya Panday To Star In ⁩Kesari Chapter 2: Reports |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-r-madhavan-and-ananya-panday-to-star-in-kesari-chapter-2-reports-article-117895235 |access-date=3 April 2025 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Ritika |title=Akshay Kumar fans say 'Content Kumar is back' with Kesari Chapter 2 trailer, praise powerhouse clash with R Madhavan |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-fans-say-content-kumar-is-back-with-kesari-chapter-2-trailer-praise-powerhouse-clash-with-r-madhavan-101743673585832.html |access-date=4 April 2025 |website=Hindustan Times|date=3 April 2025 }}</ref>

''Kesari Chapter 2'' was released on 18 April 2025, coinciding with the 106th anniversary of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kesari_chapter_2 | title=Kesari Chapter 2: The Untold Story of Jallianwala Bagh | Rotten Tomatoes | website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] }}</ref>The film received positive reviews from both critics and the audience alike, but underperformed at the box office.<ref>{{cite web | title=Kesari Chapter 2 director on Ananya Panday's role: 'People were clapping at her entry scene' | work=The Economic Times | date=24 April 2025 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/entertainment/kesari-chapter-2-director-on-ananya-pandays-role-people-were-clapping-at-her-entry-scene/articleshow/120580260.cms }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Kesari Chapter 2: Public Review, Cast, Plot and More | url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/kesari-chapter-2-public-review-cast-plot-and-more-73086.amp }}</ref> At the [[56th International Film Festival of India|56th IFFI 2025]] it fetched the [[IFFI Best Debut Director Award|Best Debut Film of a Director]] trophy.<ref>{{cite news |title=IFFI 2025 closing ceremony: Rajinikanth receives honour, Vietnamese film ‘Skin of Youth’ wins The Golden Peacock |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/iffi-2025-closing-ceremony-rajinikanth-receives-honour-vietnamese-film-skin-of-youth-wins-the-golden-peacock/article70337682.ece#google_vignette |access-date=29 November 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=29 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251129085227/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/iffi-2025-closing-ceremony-rajinikanth-receives-honour-vietnamese-film-skin-of-youth-wins-the-golden-peacock/article70337682.ece#google_vignette |archive-date=29 November 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film opens with a stark depiction of the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]], where Brigadier-General [[Reginald Dyer]] orders his soldiers to fire upon a peaceful gathering of civilians in Amritsar. Hundreds are slaughtered, and one of the few survivors is a teenage boy, Pargat Singh, who loses his mother and sister during the carnage. The British suppress all truthful reporting, destroying issues of Punjab Samachar that documented the real events, and falsely claim that the victims were violent rebels who attacked the army—despite no soldiers being harmed.

The narrative then turns to [[C. Sankaran Nair]], a distinguished barrister and member of the Viceroy’s Council, recently knighted by the British Crown. Nair meets Pargat after the massacre and urges him to abandon violent rebellion and return to school. Later, he hears that Pargat has “committed suicide.” Nair is assigned by the colonial government to investigate the massacre, with the expectation of delivering a report favouring the British. However, law student Dilreet Gill secretly retrieves a surviving issue of the Punjab Samachar and shows it to Nair, exposing the truth of Dyer’s brutality.

Realizing the enormity of the crime, Nair condemns Dyer before the Viceroy’s Council, but his objections are ignored, and he is warned not to challenge the Crown. Feeling complicit in Pargat’s fate for discouraging him, Nair—guided by Gill—decides to sue the British government and General Dyer for genocide. In the first legal confrontation, he wins, causing Dyer to consider killing him, but others advise against attacking a man of Nair’s rank. Dyer then hires Neville McKinley, a resentful Anglo-Indian lawyer, to represent the Crown in the Trial Court.

An intense courtroom battle follows. The prosecution introduces Martha Stevens, a music teacher who alleges that she was raped. Public sentiment turns against Nair for defending the accused man. However, Nair and Gill uncover evidence proving that Stevens was never raped; instead, she was coerced into lying because she had a consensual romantic relationship with the man. In court, Gill cleverly manipulates her into admitting her feelings, revealing the truth. This restores Nair’s credibility and leads him to another victory, during which he nearly provokes Dyer into confessing his guilt.

But McKinley counters with a strategic blow—he accuses Nair of illegally accessing confidential government files while collecting evidence. Nair is convicted and sentenced to seclusion, preventing him from influencing the final judgment. The government is acquitted. Broken and disheartened, Nair returns home only to receive a letter from imprisoned rebel Kripal Singh, father of Pargat, revealing that Pargat was murdered by British officials and did not commit suicide.

Enraged, Nair drags Gill back into the fight. When the court rejects his challenge, he deliberately violates [[contempt of court]] to escalate the matter to higher authorities. Dyer and McKinley expect his public humiliation, but Nair exposes that the jury’s verdict was not unanimous. He brings forward the only honest juror—the other two having been bribed—who testifies in his favour. Although Nair is ultimately debarred from practice, his revelations reach the media and ignite a wave of patriotic resistance, ensuring that the truth of the massacre can no longer be buried.

== Cast ==
* [[Akshay Kumar]] as [[C. Sankaran Nair|Justice Chettoor Sankaran Nair]]<ref name=":2" />
* [[R. Madhavan]] as [[Advocate|Adv.]] Neville McKinley<ref name=":2" />
*[[Ananya Panday]] as Dilreet Gill<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2025 |title=Ananya Panday as Dilreet Gill in Akshay Kumar's Kesari 2. Makers share new posters |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ananya-panday-as-dilreet-gill-in-akshay-kumars-kesari-2-2700774-2025-03-28 |access-date=3 April 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Regena Cassandrra]] as Parvathy Nair, Sankaran's wife
* [[Simon Paisley Day]] as [[Reginald Dyer]]
* [[Alexx O'Nell]] as [[Viscount Chelmsford|Lord Chelmsford]]
* [[Amit Sial]] as Tirath Singh
* [[Deepak Antani]] as [[Mahatma Gandhi]]
* Mark Bennington as [[Michael O'Dwyer]]
* Sammy Jonas Heaney as [[Harold Laski]]
* [[Steven Hartley]] as Judge McCardie
* Krish Rao as Pargat Singh
* Rohan Verma as Jaan Nisar
* Alexandra Moloney as Martha Stevens
* Jaipreet Singh as [[Kirpal Singh (spy)|Kirpal Singh]]
* [[Luke Kenny]] as [[Judiciary of India|Appeal Court]] Judge
* Atul Kumar as [[King's Counsel|Crown's lawyer]]
* [[Masaba Gupta]] as a dancer in the song "Khumaari" (special appearance)

== Production ==
=== Development ===
The film was initially titled ''Shankara'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Confirmed: Akshay Kumar-R Madhavan-Ananya Panday starrer, produced by Karan Johar, is titled Shankara |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-akshay-kumar-r-madhavan-ananya-panday-starrer-produced-karan-johar-titled-shankara/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=April 2024 |archive-date=1 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401063438/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-akshay-kumar-r-madhavan-ananya-panday-starrer-produced-karan-johar-titled-shankara/ |url-status=live }}</ref> before being renamed ''Kesari Chapter 2'' in February 2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2025 |title=Have you heard? Kesari Chapter 2; Shah Rukh & Saif Ali Khan in spotlight |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/akshay-kumar-kesari-chapter-2-shah-rukh-saif-ali-khan-at-netflix-2025-slate-announcement-23477826 |access-date=3 April 2025 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: Akshay Kumar-R Madhavan-Ananya Panday's next gets a title – Kesari Chapter 2 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-akshay-kumar-r-madhavan-ananya-pandays-next-gets-title-kesari-chapter-2/ |access-date=3 February 2025 |work=Bollywood Hungama|date=3 February 2025 }}</ref> to establish a thematic link with ''[[Kesari (2019 film)|Kesari]]'' (2019).<ref name=":0" /> It was officially announced by [[Karan Johar]] on 22 March 2025.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bhattacharjee |first=Saptadeepa |date=22 March 2025 |title=Karan Johar announces Kesari Chapter 2, shares release date and teaser details |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/karan-johar-announces-kesari-chapter-2-shares-release-date-and-teaser-details-2025-03-22-981758 |access-date=3 April 2025 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref> It is based on the life of [[C. Sankaran Nair]], an Indian lawyer and statesman who fought against the British Raj to uncover the truth about the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]], the 1919 massacre of Indian protesters in [[Amritsar]] by General Dyer. Advocate Neville McKinley was a fictional character that was an amalgamation of ten different historical figures.<ref>{{cite web |title=Karan Johar announces biopic based on C. Sankaran Nair's bravery and his work to uncover truth about Jallianwala Bagh Massacre |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/karan-johar-announces-biopic-based-on-c-sankaran-nairs-bravery-and-his-work-to-uncover-truth-about-jallianwala-bagh-massacre/ |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=29 June 2021 |archive-date=29 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629054615/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/karan-johar-announces-biopic-based-on-c-sankaran-nairs-bravery-and-his-work-to-uncover-truth-about-jallianwala-bagh-massacre/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kesari Chapter 2: 5 things to know about R. Madhavan's Neville McKinley, British representative against Akshay Kumar's C. Sankaran Nair in period drama |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/kesari-chapter-2-5-things-to-know-about-r-madhavans-neville-mckinley-british-representative-against-akshay-kumars-c-sankaran-nair-in-period-drama-1383707 |website=PINKVILLA |access-date=24 April 2025 |language=en |date=22 April 2025 |archive-date=23 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423014240/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/kesari-chapter-2-5-things-to-know-about-r-madhavans-neville-mckinley-british-representative-against-akshay-kumars-c-sankaran-nair-in-period-drama-1383707 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Casting ===
[[Akshay Kumar]] was cast as C. Sankaran Nair, a lawyer and statesman who was also a member of the [[Viceroy's Executive Council]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Akshay Kumar To Play Lawyer C Sankaran Nair In His Next With Karan Johar |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/akshay-kumar-to-play-c-sankaran-nair-a-lawyer-in-karan-johar-s-pre-independence-era-film-6816677 |access-date=18 October 2024 |work=NDTV |archive-date=21 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241021221723/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/akshay-kumar-to-play-c-sankaran-nair-a-lawyer-in-karan-johar-s-pre-independence-era-film-6816677 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Regina Cassandra]] was cast opposite Kumar, marking their first project.<ref>{{cite web |last=Juneja |first=Apeksha |title=Kesari Chapter 2: Regena Cassandrra to play 'crucial' role in Akshay Kumar-led historical drama? Here's what we know |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/kesari-chapter-2-regena-cassandrra-to-play-crucial-role-in-akshay-kumar-led-historical-drama-heres-what-we-know-1379223 |access-date=26 March 2025 |work=Pinkvilla|date=26 March 2025 }}</ref> [[Ananya Panday]] and [[R. Madhavan]] was also cast for important roles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Akshay Kumar to mentor Ananya Panday in The Untold Story Of C Sankaran Nair |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-mentor-ananya-panday-untold-story-c-sankaran-nair/ |access-date=22 December 2023 |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=22 December 2023 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222064051/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-mentor-ananya-panday-untold-story-c-sankaran-nair/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=16 April 2025 |title=Kesari Chapter 2: Release Date, Cast, Plot & Download Movie |url=https://moviehammer.com/kesari-chapter-2-release-date-cast-plot/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
The film's shooting began in November 2022 with Akshay Kumar, with Madhavan joining in January 2023, and later moved to mid-2023 in [[Mumbai]] where a large set of [[Jallianwala Bagh]] was constructed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Akshay Kumar begins filming for Karan Johar's next titled The Untold Story of C Sankaran Nair: Report |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-begins-filming-karan-johars-next-titled-untold-story-c-sankaran-nair-report/ |access-date=30 November 2023 |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=30 November 2023 |archive-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130115112/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-begins-filming-karan-johars-next-titled-untold-story-c-sankaran-nair-report/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Later, some important sequences which included Kumar and Panday were shot in [[IIT Roorkee]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Akshay Kumar, Ananya Panday spotted shooting for new film 'Shankara' at IIT Roorkee - WATCH |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumar-ananya-panday-spotted-shooting-for-new-film-shankara-at-iit-roorkee-watch/articleshow/100531368.cms |access-date=26 May 2023 |work=The Times of India|date=26 May 2023 }}</ref> The next schedule was held in [[Alibag]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Lalwani |first=Vickey |title=Exclusive! Akshay Kumar Shoots For Karan Johar's The Untold Story Of C Sankaran Nair In Mumbai, Next Halt Alibaug |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/exclusive-akshay-kumar-shoots-for-karan-johars-the-untold-story-of-c-sankaran-nair-in-mumbai-next-halt-alibaug-article-105599492 |access-date=29 November 2023 |work=Times Now |date=29 November 2023 |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129164240/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/exclusive-akshay-kumar-shoots-for-karan-johars-the-untold-story-of-c-sankaran-nair-in-mumbai-next-halt-alibaug-article-105599492 |url-status=live }}</ref> Some portion of the film was also shot in [[Rewari Junction railway station]] and [[Rewari Railway Heritage Museum]] and in parts of [[Delhi]] including [[Red Fort]], [[Sunder Nursery]] and [[Delhi University]] north campus area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Akshay Kumar and Ananya Panday to shoot for C Sankaran Nair biopic at Red Fort, Sunder Nursery and Delhi University: Report |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumar-and-ananya-panday-to-shoot-for-c-sankaran-nair-biopic-at-red-fort-sunder-nursery-and-delhi-university-report/articleshow/100826204.cms |access-date=7 June 2023 |work=The Times of India|date=7 June 2023 }}</ref> The shooting was wrapped up by September 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Akshay Kumar and Karan Johar's biopic on C Sankaran Nair eyeing early 2025 release |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumar-and-karan-johars-biopic-on-c-sankaran-nair-eyeing-early-2025-release/articleshow/113040553.cms |access-date=4 September 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=3 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903203216/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumar-and-karan-johars-biopic-on-c-sankaran-nair-eyeing-early-2025-release/articleshow/113040553.cms|url-status=live }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Kesari Chapter 2
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Shashwat Sachdev]]
| released = 18 April 2025
| recorded = 2024–2025
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 29:33
| language = Hindi
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
| {{YouTube|LAPiLnzJ_2w|Kesari Chapter 2 Full Album}}
}}
}}

The film's score and soundtrack are composed by [[Shashwat Sachdev]], while one song is composed by [[Kavita Seth]]–[[Kanishk Seth (musician)|Kanishk Seth]], with the lyrics written by [[Irshad Kamil]]. The first single titled "O Shera – Teer Te Taj", composed by [[Sangtar]], was released on 12 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |last=Juneja |first=Apeksha |title=Kesari Chapter 2 song O Shera - Teer Te Taj OUT: Netizens find Akshay Kumar, Ananya Panday, R Madhavan starrer's powerful track 'pure fire' |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/kesari-chapter-2-song-o-shera-teer-te-taj-out-netizens-find-akshay-kumar-ananya-panday-r-madhavan-starrers-powerful-track-pure-fire-1382195 |access-date=13 April 2025 |work=Pinkvilla|date=12 April 2025 }}</ref> The song was recreated from a 2020 song "Teer Te Taj" which was released during the [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=25 March 2025 |title=अक्षय के 'केसरी चैप्टर 2' में इस्तेमाल हुए गाने 'शेरा उठ ज़रा...' की ये कहानी आपको पता नहीं होगी |url=https://www.thelallantop.com/entertainment/post/akshay-kumar-kesari-chapter-2-teaser-song-teer-te-taj-original-story |work=The Lallantop|date=25 March 2025 }}</ref> The second single titled "Kithe Gaya Tu Saaiyaan" was released on 14 April 2025.

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 29:33
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = O Shera – Teer Te Taj (Film Version)
| note1 = Lyrics by [[Sukhwinder Amrit]]
| extra1 = [[Manmohan Waris]], [[Kamal Heer]], [[Sangtar]]
| length1 = 2:32
| title2 = Kithe Gaya Tu Saaiyaan
| extra2 = [[Shashwat Sachdev]], Shanya Kashyap
| length2 = 3:16
| title3 = Parwardigara
| extra3 = [[Ajoy Chakrabarty]], [[Jubin Nautiyal]], Garvit Soni
| length3 = 3:15
| title4 = Cyclone
| note4 = Lyrics by King
| extra4 = King
| length4 = 2:46
| title5 = Main Hi Ishq Hoon
| extra5 = [[Sanjith Hegde]]
| length5 = 3:47
| title6 = Parwardigara
| note6 = Sufi Version
| extra6 = Ajoy Chakrabarty, Jubin Nautiyal, Garvit Soni
| length6 = 5:33
| title7 = Khumaari
| note7 = Music by Kavita Seth–[[Kanishk Seth (musician)|Kanishk Seth]]
| extra7 = [[Kavita Seth]]
| length7 = 3:08
| title8 = Beetegi Raina
| extra8 = [[Sonu Nigam]], Sanjith Hegde
| length8 = 5:16
}}

== Marketing ==
The teaser was released on 24 March 2025, and the trailer was released on 3 April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agarwal |first=Sakchi |date=22 March 2025 |title=Kesari Chapter 2 official announcement: Akshay Kumar, Ananya Panday, and R Madhavan's film teaser to release on THIS date; details inside |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/kesari-chapter-2-official-announcement-akshay-kumar-ananya-panday-and-r-madhavans-film-teaser-to-release-on-this-date-details-inside-1378674 |access-date=3 April 2025 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2025 |title=Akshay Kumar confirms Kesari 2 release date, hints at a story of revolution |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/akshay-kumar-confirms-kesari-2-release-date-hints-at-a-story-of-revolution-2697286-2025-03-22 |access-date=3 April 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=3 April 2025 |title=Kesari Chapter 2 trailer: Akshay Kumar emasculates General Dyer in high-stakes courtroom drama, sues the Crown for genocide |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kesari-chapter-2-trailer-akshay-kumar-emasculates-general-dyer-in-high-stakes-courtroom-drama-sues-the-crown-for-genocide-9922062/ |access-date=3 April 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The trailer launch event was held on 3 April 2025 in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 April 2025 |title=Karan Johar says 'Kesari 2' is born out of anger due to the overdue apology from the British Empire over the Jallianwala Bagh massacre |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/karan-johar-says-kesari-2-is-born-out-of-anger-due-to-the-overdue-apology-from-the-british-empire-over-the-jallianwala-bagh-massacre/articleshow/119951039.cms |access-date=4 April 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Release ==

=== Theatres ===
The film was first scheduled to be released 14 March 2025, but was delayed until 18 April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kesari Chapter 2: Akshay Kumar And R Madhavan's Film To Release On This Date |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kesari-chapter-2-akshay-kumar-and-r-madhavans-film-to-release-on-this-date-7722290 |date=16 February 2025 |access-date=15 June 2025 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref> The [[Telugu language|Telugu]] dubbed version released 23 May 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/akshay-kumars-kesari-chapter-2-to-release-in-telugu-on-this-date/articleshow/121156135.cms|title=Akshay Kumar's 'Kesari: Chapter 2' to release in Telugu on THIS date|website=[[Times of India]]|date=14 May 2025 |access-date=15 June 2025}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The digital streaming rights were acquired by [[JioHotstar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kesari Chapter 2 OTT Release: When And Where To Watch Akshay Kumar's Historical Drama After Theatrical Run|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kesari-chapter-2-ott-release-when-and-where-to-watch-akshay-kumars-historical-drama-after-theatrical-run-9273157.html |access-date=3 April 2025 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> The film began streaming on the platform from 13 June 2025.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=10 June 2025 |title=Kesari 2 OTT release: When and where to watch Akshay Kumar, Ananya Panday and R Madhavan's film online |url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/kesari-2-ott-release-jio-hotstar-when-and-where-to-watch-akshay-kumar-ananya-panday-and-r-madhavans-film-online-11749518838514.html |work=Mint |last1=Biswas |first1=Sneha |date=10 June 2025 }}</ref>

== Reception ==
{{Rotten Tomatoes prose|39|6.2|18|consensus=}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kesari_chapter_2 | title=Kesari Chapter 2: The Untold Story of my Jallianwala Bagh | Rotten Tomatoes | website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] | access-date=25 April 2025 | archive-date=19 April 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419165307/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kesari_chapter_2 | url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 noting, "On the whole, ''KESARI CHAPTER 2'' is a hard-hitting courtroom drama and works due to the performances and treatment and also because it tells an untold and shocking chapter of [[History of India|Indian history]]. At the box office, it will need a strong word of mouth to sustain and emerge as a profitable venture. The adults only rating might restrict its business to some extent."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=18 April 2025 |title=Kesari Chapter 2 Movie Review: KESARI CHAPTER 2 is a hard-hitting courtroom drama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kesari-chapter2/critic-review/kesari-chapter2-movie-review/kesari-chapter-2-is-a-hard-hitting-courtroom-drama/ |access-date=18 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Rishi Jogani in his review for ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' wrote, "Kesari Chapter 2 is a must-watch for its gripping [[Legal drama|courtroom drama]], stellar performances, and unflinching portrayal of a dark chapter in history. While the film’s commercial aspects like the loud score often detract from the movie's groundedness, its powerful second half, soulful music, and exceptional performances make it a compelling experience."<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2025 |title=Kesari Chapter 2 Review: Akshay Kumar, R Madhavan and Ananya Panday starrer is gritty and gutsy, though unnecessarily commercial at times |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/kesari-chapter-2-review-akshay-kumar-r-madhavan-and-ananya-panday-starrer-is-gritty-and-gutsy-though-unnecessarily-commercial-at-times-1383199 |access-date=18 April 2025 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>

Vineeta Kumar of [[India Today|''India'' ''Today'']] rated the film 3.5/5 noting, "''Kesari Chapter 2'' doesn't entirely rely on a chest-thumping, bulldozed sense of patriotism to win the audience's hearts - there is that hard-to-forget use of the [[Fuck|F-word]] in an [[In open court|open court]], and an elaborate dialogue explaining [[Hindu–Muslim unity|Hindu-Muslim unity]]. It unapologetically adds a bit of creative swag, and lets you be a part of the drama."<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2025 |title=Kesari 2 review: Akshay Kumar leads India's humble roar for apology in important film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kesari-2-review-akshay-kumar-leads-indias-humble-roar-for-apology-in-important-film-2711041-2025-04-18 |access-date=18 April 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Lachmi Deb Roy of ''[[Firstpost]]'' rated the film 4/5 calling it "a powerful and immensely engaging movie based on the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre and the fearless lawyer, Shankaran Nair (Akshay Kumar) who shook the foundation of the [[British Empire]]".<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2025 |title=Akshay Kumar, R. Madhavan's Kesari Chapter 2 Movie Review: An eye-opener for Indians on Shankaran Nair, the man who shook the British Empire |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kesari-chapter-2-movie-review-a-smashing-comeback-for-akshay-kumar-r-madhavan-ananya-panday-give-their-best-performances-13881005.html |access-date=18 April 2025 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us |archive-date=19 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419124306/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kesari-chapter-2-movie-review-a-smashing-comeback-for-akshay-kumar-r-madhavan-ananya-panday-give-their-best-performances-13881005.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 2.5/5 mentioning it as a film of its time, for its time, with dollops of patriotic fervour.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2025 |title=Kesari Chapter 2 Movie Review: Akshay Kumar stars in a film of its time, for its time, with dollops of patriotic fervour |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kesari-chapter-2-movie-review-akshay-kumar-dollops-of-patriotic-fervour-9951220/ |access-date=18 April 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=18 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418133058/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kesari-chapter-2-movie-review-akshay-kumar-dollops-of-patriotic-fervour-9951220/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' was critical of the film writing, "It seems that after playing with [[Ancient India|ancient history]], the big boys of [[Bollywood]] are meddling with [[History of the British Raj|modern history]]. While the dastardly act of the Empire needs to be exposed, the film, produced by Dharma Productions, milks the sacrifice of martyrs in Jallianwala Bagh to create a trumped-up narrative around the tragic episode. The disclaimer says it is a piece of fiction, but, as it turns out, it uses real incidents and characters to distort well-documented historical incidents that are easily available at the press of a button."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=18 April 2025 |title='Kesari Chapter 2' movie review: Akshay Kumar hammers history in this lopsided period piece |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kesari-chapter-2-movie-review-akshay-kumar-hammers-history-in-this-lopsided-period-piece/article69465457.ece |access-date=18 April 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Writing for ''[[The Hindustan Times]]'', Rishabh Suri rated the film 4/5, praising the writing and Akshay Kumar's performance.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suri |first=Rishabh |date=18 April 2025 |title=Kesari Chapter 2 review: Akshay Kumar's towering performance will rightfully anger the Indian in you |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kesari-chapter-2-movie-review-akshay-kumars-towering-performance-will-rightfully-anger-the-indian-in-you-101744964336581.html |access-date=19 April 2025 |work=[[The Hindustan Times]] |pages=1}}</ref> Uday Bhatia of [[Mint (newspaper)|''Mint'']] gave a negative review writing, "As with Dharma’s other recent historical, ''[[Ae Watan Mere Watan]]'' (2024), this is a case of Hindi filmmakers being unable to recognise surefire material when they see it, and burying it under piles of nonsense. Nair’s actual journey is fascinating, criticising [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]], returning his decorations by the British, fighting a very public case on their soil. But ''Kesari 2'' is interested in Nair only to the extent that he provides a broad outline for Kumar to shout and weep and proclaim his love for India."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhatia |first=Uday |date=18 April 2025 |title='Kesari Chapter 2' review: This Akshay Kumar film can't handle the truth |url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/art-and-culture/kesari-chapter-2-review-film-akshay-kumar-karan-singh-tyagi-ananya-panday-11744985654771.html |access-date=19 April 2025 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |pages=1 |archive-date=18 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418152923/https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/art-and-culture/kesari-chapter-2-review-film-akshay-kumar-karan-singh-tyagi-ananya-panday-11744985654771.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Titas Chowdhury of ''[[News18]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 writing, "Akshay Kumar sheds off his aura as a superstar and chooses to lean on his acting prowess, taking it a notch higher than ''[[Sarfira]]''."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kesari Chapter 2 Review: Akshay Kumar, R Madhavan Are Fiery In This Courtroom Drama; Ananya Panday Holds Her Own |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kesari-chapter-2-review-akshay-kumar-r-madhavan-are-fiery-in-this-courtroom-drama-ananya-panday-holds-her-own-9304175.html |access-date=18 April 2025 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419022704/https://www.news18.com/movies/kesari-chapter-2-review-akshay-kumar-r-madhavan-are-fiery-in-this-courtroom-drama-ananya-panday-holds-her-own-9304175.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Controversy==
Poet and YouTuber Yahya Bootwala accused the makers of the film of plagiarizing his poem for scene which Dilreet Gill's speech on [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]] allegedly lifted.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kesari 2 dialogue plagiarised from a poem? Poet shares proof |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/poet-yahya-bootwala-accuses-kesari-2-writer-sumit-saxena-plagiarism-lifted-lines-without-permission-2715483-2025-04-26 |website=India Today |access-date=29 April 2025 |language=en-in |date=26 April 2025 |archive-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428011719/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/poet-yahya-bootwala-accuses-kesari-2-writer-sumit-saxena-plagiarism-lifted-lines-without-permission-2715483-2025-04-26 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Ria Sharma |title=Poet Yahya Bootwala, Who Accused Kesari 2 Writer Of Plagiarism, Says 'Issue With Makers Has Been Resolved Amicably' |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/poet-yahya-bootwala-who-accused-kesari-2-writer-of-plagiarism-says-issue-with-makers-has-been-resolved-amicably |website=Free Press Journal |access-date=29 April 2025 |language=en-in |date=28 April 2025 |archive-date=29 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429031922/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/poet-yahya-bootwala-who-accused-kesari-2-writer-of-plagiarism-says-issue-with-makers-has-been-resolved-amicably |url-status=live }}</ref> in June 2025, an FIR case was filed by Ranajit Biswas against the makers for allegedly insulting the freedom history of Bengal.<ref>{{cite web |title=FIR lodged against film Kesari Chapter 2 for 'distorting historical facts' after police complaint in Bengal |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/fir-against-film-kesari-chapter-2-distorting-historical-facts-police-complaint-bengal-10073598/ |website=Indian Express |date=18 June 2025 |access-date=19 June 2025 |language=en-in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=TMC leader Kunal Ghosh slams 'Kesari Chapter 2' for distorting Bengal's freedom history |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/bollywood/tmc-leader-kunal-ghosh-slams-kesari-chapter-2-for-distorting-bengals-freedom-history-1503447579.html |website=The Statesman |access-date=20 June 2025 |language=en-in |date=20 June 2025}}</ref>

== Sequel ==
A sequel, titled ''Kesari Chapter 3'', was confirmed by [[Akshay Kumar]] and Deepak Rao Capour in April 2025, which would be based on the life of [[Hari Singh Nalwa]], the first commander-in-chief of the [[Sikh Khalsa Army|Sikh Khalsa Fauj]] (the army of the [[Sikh Empire]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ganguly |first=Risha |date=3 April 2025 |title=Akshay Kumar CONFIRMS Kesari 3! Reveals It Will Be Based On Sikh General Hari Singh Nalwa |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-confirms-kesari-3-reveals-it-will-be-based-on-sikh-general-hari-singh-nalwa-article-151340411 |access-date=4 April 2025 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
*''[[O'Dwyer v. Nair Libel Case]]''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|id=3562110}}
*{{Bollywood Hungama movie|id=kesari-chapter2}}
{{IFFI Award for Best Debut Film of a Director|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:2025 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:Alternate history films]]
[[Category:Biographical films about politicians]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of British people]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of British politicians]]
[[Category:Delhi University]]
[[Category:Films about genocide]]
[[Category:Films about lawyers]]
[[Category:Films about massacres of Sikhs]]
[[Category:Films about massacres]]
[[Category:Films about the Jallianwala Bagh massacre]]
[[Category:Films based on non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Films scored by Shashwat Sachdev]]
[[Category:Films set in 1919]]
[[Category:Films set in Amritsar]]
[[Category:Films set in Punjab]]
[[Category:Films set in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Films set in the British Raj]]
[[Category:Films set in the Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Films set in universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Films shot in Alibag]]
[[Category:Films shot in Delhi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Haryana]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Hindi-language biographical films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language films based on actual events]]
[[Category:IIT Roorkee]]
[[Category:Indian Army in films]]
[[Category:Indian biographical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian courtroom films]]
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[[Category:Cape of Good Films films]]

100th Anniversary of Samastha Kerala

2026-03-22T11:12:44Z

JaimieCarrigan: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (EK Sunnis)#100th anniversary]]

{{R from merge}}
{{R to section}}

[[Category:January 2024 in India]]
[[Category:Regional centennial anniversaries|Samastha Kerala]]

Church of the East

2026-03-21T18:33:49Z

JaimieCarrigan: adjust layout to improve readability

{{Short description|Church of the East Syriac Rite of Christianity}}
{{Redirect|Nestorian Church|the church in Cyprus|Nestorian Church (Famagusta)}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Distinguish|Eastern Catholic Churches|Eastern Orthodox Church|Oriental Orthodox Churches}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2016}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox Christian denomination
| icon =
| icon_width = 25px
| icon_alt =
| name = Church of the East
| native_name = {{Script/Strng|ܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ}}
| image = An epitaph of a Nestorian Christian.jpg
| imagewidth = 225px
| alt =
| caption = East Syriac ceramic epitaph with [[Syriac alphabet|Syriac]] and [[Old Uyghur alphabet|Uyghur]] writing.
| main_classification = [[Eastern Christianity|Eastern Christian]]
| orientation = [[Syriac Christianity|Syriac]]<ref name="Wilken 2013">{{cite book |last=Wilken |first=Robert Louis |year=2013 |title=The First Thousand Years: A Global History of Christianity |chapter=Syriac-Speaking Christians: The Church of the East |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iW1-JImrwQUC&pg=PA222 |location=[[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]] and [[London]] |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |pages=222–228 |isbn=978-0-300-11884-1 |jstor=j.ctt32bd7m.28 |lccn=2012021755 |s2cid=160590164}}</ref>
| theology = East Syriac theology
| polity = [[Episcopal polity|Episcopal]]
| leader_title = Head
| leader_name = [[Catholicos-Patriarch of the East]]
| area = [[Middle East]], [[Central Asia]], [[Far East]], [[India]]{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|p=2}}
| liturgy = [[East Syriac Rite]] ([[Liturgy of Addai and Mari]])
| headquarters = [[Seleucia-Ctesiphon]] (410–775){{sfn|Stewart|1928|p=15}} [[Baghdad]] (775–1317)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vine|first=Aubrey R.|title=The Nestorian Churches|year=1937|location=London|publisher=Independent Press|url=https://archive.org/details/MN41565ucmf_1 |page= 104}}</ref> [[Rabban Hormizd Monastery]], [[Alqosh]]<ref name="Harrak">{{cite web|url=http://syrcom.cua.edu/Hugoye/Vol6No2/HV6N2Harrak.html|title=Patriarchal Funerary Inscriptions in the Monastery of Rabban Hormizd|publisher=Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies|access-date=2009-11-15|author=Amir Harrak|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617215336/http://syrcom.cua.edu/hugoye/Vol6No2/HV6N2Harrak.html|archive-date=2010-06-17}}.</ref>
| founder = [[Jesus in Christianity|Jesus Christ]] (by sacred tradition) [[Thomas the Apostle]]
| founded_date = Apostolic Age, by its tradition
| founded_place = [[Edessa]],{{sfn|Meyendorff|1989|pp=287–289}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Broadhead|first=Edwin K.|title=Jewish Ways of Following Jesus: Redrawing the Religious Map of Antiquity|year=2010|location=Tübingen|publisher=Mohr Siebeck|isbn=9783161503047|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C97_rPZRbuUC|page=123}}</ref> [[Mesopotamia]]<ref name="Wilken 2013"/>{{refn|group=note|Traditional Western historiography of the Church dated its foundation to the [[Council of Ephesus]] of 431 and the ensuing "[[Nestorian Schism]]". However, the Church of the East already existed as a separate organisation in 431, and the name of Nestorius is not mentioned in any of the acts of the Church's synods up to the 7th century.{{sfn|Brock|2006|p=8}} Christian communities isolated from the church in the Roman Empire likely already existed in Persia from the 2nd century.{{sfn|Brock|2006|p=11}} The independent ecclesiastical hierarchy of the Church developed over the course of the 4th century,{{sfn|Lange|2012|pp=477–479}} and it attained its full institutional identity with its establishment as the officially recognized Christian church in Persia by Shah [[Yazdegerd I]] in 410.{{sfn|Payne|2015|p=13}}}}
| separations = Its [[schism of 1552]] divided it originally into two patriarchates, and later four, but by 1830 it returned to two, one of which is now the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], while the other sect split further in 1968 into the [[Assyrian Church of the East]] and the [[Ancient Church of the East]].
| other_names = Nestorian Church, Persian Church, East Syrian Church, Chaldean Church, Assyrian Church, Babylonian Church<ref name="Paul Pallath 1996 p."/>
}}
{{Eastern Christianity}}

The '''Church of the East''' ({{langx|syc|ܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ}} {{Transliteration|syc|ʿĒḏtā d-Maḏenḥā}}) or the '''East Syriac Church''',{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|p=3,4}} also called the '''Church of Seleucia-Ctesiphon''',<ref name="Orientalia Christiana Analecta 1971 p.">{{cite book |title=Orientalia Christiana Analecta |publisher=Pont. institutum studiorum orientalium |issue=nos. 189–191 |year=1971 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v8dDAAAAIAAJ |access-date=2022-06-17 | page=2|quote= The Church of Seleucia – Ctesiphon was called the East Syrian Church or the Church of the East.}}</ref> the '''Persian Church''', the '''Assyrian Church''', the '''Babylonian Church''',<ref name="Paul Pallath 1996 p.">{{cite book |last1=Paul |first1=J. |last2=Pallath |first2=P. |title=Pope John Paul II and the Catholic Church in India |publisher=Centre for Indian Christian Archaeological Research |series=Mar Thoma Yogam publications |year=1996 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PzQvAAAAYAAJ |access-date=2022-06-17 |page=5 |quote=Authors are using different names to designate the same Church : the Church of Seleucia – Ctesiphon, the Church of the East, the Babylonian Church, the Assyrian Church, or the Persian Church.}}</ref>{{sfn|Fiey|1994|pp=97–107}}{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|p=4}} or the '''Nestorian Church''',{{refn|name=contentious|The "Nestorian" label is popular, but it has been contentious, derogatory, and considered a misnomer. See the {{section link|#Description as Nestorian}} section for the naming issue and alternate designations for the church.|group=note}} is one of three major branches of [[Eastern Christianity|Eastern]] [[Nicene Christianity]] that arose from the [[Christological controversies]] in the [[Christianity in the 5th century|5th century]] and the [[Christianity in the 6th century|6th century]], alongside that of [[Miaphysitism]] (which came to be known as the [[Oriental Orthodox Churches]]) and [[Chalcedonian Christianity]] (from which [[Catholicism]], [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] and [[Protestantism]] would arise). Not to be confused with, The [[Maphrianate of the East]] at Tigris (also known as the '''Catholicate of the East''' to counter the [[Nestorian]] Catholicate) which was established in 628–629 AD as the [[ecclesiastical]] headquarters for the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]] (Jacobite) within the Persian Empire, separate from the Church of the East. Centered in Tagrit (modern-day Iraq) on the Tigris River, the Maphrian held the second-highest rank after the [[Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East|Patriarch of Antioch]], ruling until the seat moved to Mosul and presently located in India.

Having its origins in [[Mesopotamia]] during the time of the [[Parthian Empire]], the Church of the East developed its own unique form of [[Christian theology]] and [[East Syriac Rite|liturgy]]. During the [[early modern period]], a series of [[Schism#Christianity|schisms]] gave rise to rival [[patriarchate]]s, sometimes two, sometimes three.{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|pp=112–123}} In the latter half of the 20th century, the traditionalist patriarchate of the church underwent a split into two rival patriarchates, namely the [[Assyrian Church of the East]] and the [[Ancient Church of the East]], which continue to follow the traditional theology and liturgy of the mother church. The [[Chaldean Catholic Church]] based in [[Iraq]] and the [[Syro-Malabar Church]] in India are two [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Eastern Catholic churches]] which also claim the heritage of the Church of the East.{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|p=2}}

== Background ==
The Church of the East organized itself initially in the year 410 as the [[national church]] of the [[Sasanian Empire]] through the [[Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon]].<ref name = curtin>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wvvREAAAQBAJ |title = Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon: Under Mar Isaac |isbn = 9781088234327 |last1 = Curtin|first1 = D. P.|date = 2021|publisher = Dalcassian Publishing Company}}</ref> In 424, it declared itself independent of the [[state church of the Roman Empire]], which it calls the 'Church of the West'. The Church of the East was headed by the [[Catholicos-Patriarch of the East]] seated originally in [[Patriarchal Province of Seleucia-Ctesiphon|Seleucia-Ctesiphon]], continuing a line that, according to its tradition, stretched back to [[Thomas the Apostle]] in the first century. Its liturgical rite is the East Syrian rite that employs the [[Liturgy of Addai and Mari]].

The Church of the East, which was part of the [[Great Church]], shared [[koinonia|communion]] with those in the [[Roman Empire]] until the [[Council of Ephesus]] condemned [[Nestorius]] in 431.<ref name="Wilken 2013"/> The Church of the East refused to condemn Nestorius and was therefore inaccurately called the "Nestorian Church" by those of the Roman church.<ref>Procopius, ''Wars'', I.7.1–2 * Greatrex–Lieu (2002), II, 62</ref><ref>Joshua the Stylite, ''Chronicle'', [http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/joshua_the_stylite_02_trans.htm XLIII] * Greatrex–Lieu (2002), II, 62</ref><ref>Procopius, ''Wars'', I.9.24 * Greatrex–Lieu (2002), II, 77</ref> More recently, the "Nestorian" appellation has been called "a lamentable misnomer",{{sfn|Brock|1996|pp=23–35}}{{sfn|Brock|2006|pp=1–14}} and theologically incorrect by scholars.{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|p=4}}{{sfn|Joseph|2000|p=42}}{{sfn|Wood|2013|p=140}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Moffett|first=Samuel H.|title=A History of Christianity in Asia|volume= I: Beginnings to 1500|page=219|publisher=HarperCollins|year=1992}}</ref>{{sfn|Meyendorff|1989|pp=287–289}}

The Church of the East's declaration in 424 of the independence of its head, the [[Patriarch of the Church of the East|Patriarch of the East]], preceded by seven years the 431 Council of Ephesus, which condemned Nestorius and declared that [[Mary, mother of Jesus]], can be described as [[Theotokos]] "Mother of God." Two of the generally accepted [[ecumenical councils]] were held earlier: the [[First Council of Nicaea]], in which an Assyrian bishop took part, in 325, and the [[First Council of Constantinople]] in 381. The Church of the East accepted the teaching of these two councils but ignored the 431 Council and those that followed, seeing them as concerning only the patriarchates of the [[Roman Empire]] ([[Holy See|Rome]], [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople|Constantinople]], [[Patriarch of Alexandria|Alexandria]], [[Church of Antioch|Antioch]], [[Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]]), all of which were for it "''Western'' Christianity."{{Sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|pp=3, 30}}

{{Box|{{Christian denomination tree}}|align=center}}

[[Theologically]], the Church of the East adopted the [[dyophysitism|dyophysite doctrine]] of [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]]<ref name ="Theo_of_CoE">{{cite web |url=https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/entry/Church-of-the-East |title=Church of the East |last1=Brock |first1=Sebastian P |last2=Coakley |first2=James F |author1-link= Sebastian Brock |date= |website= |publisher= e-GEDSH:Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage|access-date=27 June 2022 |quote=The Church of the East follows the strictly dyophysite ('two-nature') christology of Theodore of Mopsuestia, as a result of which it was misleadingly labelled as 'Nestorian' by its theological opponents.}}</ref> that emphasised the "distinctiveness" of [[hypostatic union|the divine and the human natures]] of [[Jesus in Christianity|Jesus]]; this doctrine was misleadingly labelled as 'Nestorian' by its theological opponents.<ref name ="Theo_of_CoE"/>

Continuing as a ''[[dhimmi]]'' community under the [[Rashidun Caliphate]] after the [[Muslim conquest of Persia]] (633–654), the Church of the East and its largely [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]] members played a major role in the history of [[Christianity in Asia]]. Between the 9th and 14th centuries, it represented the world's largest [[Christian denomination]] in terms of geographical extent, and in the Middle Ages was one of the three major Christian powerhouses of Eurasia alongside [[Latin Catholic Church|Latin Catholicism]] and [[Greek Orthodoxy]].<ref>{{cite book| last= Winkler |first=Dietmar|title=Hidden Treasures And Intercultural Encounters: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China And Central Asia|year=2009|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7f9gS40A_3IC&pg=PA321| isbn= 978-3-643-50045-8}}</ref> It established [[Dioceses of the Church of the East to 1318|dioceses]] and communities stretching from the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and today's Iraq and [[Iran]], to [[India (East Syriac ecclesiastical province)|India]], the [[Christianity among the Mongols|Mongol kingdoms]] and [[Turkic peoples|Turkic tribes]] in Central Asia, and [[Church of the East in China|China]] during the [[Tang dynasty]] (7th–9th centuries). In the 13th and 14th centuries, the church experienced a final period of expansion under the [[Mongol Empire]], where influential Church of the East clergy sat in the Mongol court.

Even before the Church of the East underwent a rapid decline in its field of expansion in [[Central Asia]] in the 14th century, it had already lost ground in its home territory. The decline is indicated by the shrinking list of active dioceses from over sixty in the early 11th century to only seven in the 14th century.{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|pp=84–89}} In the aftermath of the [[division of the Mongol Empire]], the rising [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] and [[Islam]]ic Mongol leaderships pushed out the Church of the East and its followers in Central Asia. The Chinese [[Ming dynasty]] overthrew the Mongols (1368) and ejected Christians and other foreign influences from China, and many Mongols in Central Asia converted to [[Islam]]. The Muslim Turco-Mongol leader [[Timur]] (1336–1405) nearly eradicated the hitherto large Christian communities in the Middle East. Church of the East Christianity remained largely confined to ethnic [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]] communities in [[Upper Mesopotamia]], Southeast [[Anatolia]], Northwest [[Persia]] and Northeast [[Levant]], and the [[Saint Thomas Christians|Saint Thomas Syrian Christians]] of the [[Malabar Coast]] in the [[Indian subcontinent]].{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}

[[File:Saint Elijah's Monastery 1.JPG|thumb|Ruins of the [[Monastery of Saint Elijah]] in [[Mosul]], [[Iraq]], in 2005. The site was [[destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State|destroyed by the Islamic State]] in 2014.]]

The church faced a major [[Schism of 1552|schism in 1552]] following the consecration of monk [[Yohannan Sulaqa]] by [[Pope Julius III]] in opposition to the reigning Catholicos-Patriarch [[Shimun VII]], leading to the formation of the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]]. Divisions occurred within the two factions, but by 1830 two unified patriarchates and distinct churches remained: the traditionalist [[Assyrian Church of the East]] and the Chaldean Catholic Church. The [[Ancient Church of the East]] split from the traditionalist patriarchate in 1968. In 2017, the Chaldean Catholic Church had approximately 628,405 members<ref>[http://www.cnewa.org/source-images/Roberson-eastcath-statistics/eastcatholic-stat17.pdf The Eastern Catholic Churches 2017] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024215818/http://www.cnewa.org/source-images/Roberson-eastcath-statistics/eastcatholic-stat17.pdf |date=2018-10-24}} Retrieved December 2010. Information sourced from ''Annuario Pontificio'' 2017 edition.</ref> and the Assyrian Church of the East had 323,300 to 380,000,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/holy-apostolic-catholic-assyrian-church-of-the-east|title=Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East – World Council of Churches|website=oikoumene.org|date=January 1948}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Christianity in Iraq: Its Origins and Development to the Present Day|first=Suha |last=Rassam |year= 2005| isbn=9780852446331| page =166|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|quote=The number of the faithful at the beginning of the twenty–first century belonging to the Assyrian Church of the East under Mar Dinkha was estimated to be around 385,000, and the number belonging to the Ancient Church of the East under Mar Addia to be 50,000–70,000.}}</ref> while the Ancient Church of the East had 100,000.

=== Inaccurate description as Nestorian ===
{{Main|Nestorianism|Nestorian schism}}
[[File:Christological spectrum.svg|thumb|Christological spectrum during the 5th–7th centuries showing the views of The Church of the East (light blue)|alt=]]

[[Nestorianism]] is a [[Christology|Christological]] doctrine that emphasises the distinction between the human and divine natures of [[Jesus]]. It was attributed to [[Nestorius]], [[Patriarch of Constantinople]] from 428 to 431, whose doctrine represented the culmination of a philosophical current developed by scholars at the [[School of Antioch]], most notably Nestorius's mentor [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]], and stirred controversy when Nestorius publicly challenged the use of the title ''[[Theotokos]]'' (literally, "Bearer of [[God]]") for [[Mary, mother of Jesus]],{{sfn|Foltz|1999|p=63}} suggesting that the title denied Christ's full humanity. He argued that Jesus had two loosely joined natures, the divine [[Logos]] and the human Jesus, and proposed ''[[Christotokos]]'' (literally, "Bearer of the Christ") as a more suitable alternative title. His statements drew criticism from other prominent churchmen, particularly from [[Cyril of Alexandria|Cyril]], [[Patriarch of Alexandria]], who had a leading part in the [[Council of Ephesus]] of 431, which condemned Nestorius for [[heresy]] and deposed him as patriarch.{{sfn|Seleznyov|2010|pp=165–190}}

After 431, state authorities in the Roman Empire suppressed Nestorianism, a reason for Christians under Persian rule to favour it and so allay suspicion that their loyalty lay with the hostile Christian-ruled empire.<ref name=Britannica/><ref name=BritannicaNestorius>[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/409867/Nestorius "Nestorius"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved 11 November 2018.</ref>

It was in the aftermath of the slightly later [[Council of Chalcedon]] (451) that the Church of the East formulated a distinctive theology. The first such formulation was adopted at the [[Synod of Beth Lapat]] in 484. This was developed further in the early seventh century, when in an at first successful war against the [[Byzantine Empire]] the Sasanid Persian Empire incorporated broad territories populated by West Syrians (some being [[Arameans]] and others [[Assyrians]]), many of whom were supporters of the [[Miaphysitism|Miaphysite]] theology of [[Oriental Orthodox Churches|Oriental Orthodoxy]] which its opponents term "Monophysitism" ([[Eutychianism]]), the theological view most opposed to Nestorianism. They received support from [[Khosrow II]], influenced by his wife [[Shirin]]. Shirin was a member of the Church of East, but later joined the Miaphysite church of Antioch.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}

Drawing inspiration from [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]], the Assyrian bishop [[Babai the Great]] (551−628) expounded, especially in his ''Book of Union'', what became the normative [[Christology]] of the Church of the East. He affirmed that the two {{transliteration|syc|qnome}} (a [[Syriac language|Syriac]] term, plural of ''qnoma'', not corresponding precisely to Greek φύσις or οὐσία or ὑπόστασις){{sfn|Kuhn|2019|p=130}} of Christ are unmixed but eternally united in his single {{transliteration|syc|parsopa}} (from Greek πρόσωπον ''[[prosopon]]'' "mask, character, person"). As happened also with the Greek terms φύσις (''[[physis#Usage in patristic theology|physis]]'') and ὐπόστασις (''[[Hypostasis (philosophy and religion)|hypostasis]]''), these Syriac words were sometimes taken to mean something other than what was intended; in particular "two {{transliteration|syc|qnome}}" was interpreted as "two individuals".{{sfn|Brock|1999|pp=286−287}}{{sfn|Wood|2013|p=136}}<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5hPODAAAQBAJ&dq=qnome+babai&pg=PT18 | title=The Spiritual World of Isaac the Syrian | isbn=978-0-87907-724-2 | last1=Alfeyev | first1=Hilarion | date= 2016 | publisher=Liturgical Press}}</ref>{{sfn|Brock|2006|p=174}} Previously, the Church of the East accepted a certain fluidity of expressions, always within a [[dyophysite]] theology, but with Babai's assembly of 612, which canonically sanctioned the "two {{transliteration|syc|qnome}} in Christ" formula, a final christological distinction was created between the Church of the East and the "western" [[Chalcedonian Churches|Chalcedonian churches]].{{sfn|Meyendorff|1989}}{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|pp=28–29}}{{sfn|Payne|2009|pp=398–399}}

The justice of imputing Nestorianism to [[Nestorius]], whom the Church of the East venerated as a saint, is disputed.{{sfn|Bethune-Baker|1908|pp=82–100}}{{sfn|Brock|1996|pp=23–35}}{{sfn|Winkler|2003}} David Wilmshurst states that for centuries "the word 'Nestorian' was used both as a term of abuse by those who disapproved of the traditional East Syriac theology, as a term of pride by many of its defenders [...] and as a neutral and convenient descriptive term by others. Nowadays it is generally felt that the term carries a stigma".{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=4}} Sebastian P. Brock says: "The association between the Church of the East and Nestorius is of a very tenuous nature, and to continue to call that church 'Nestorian' is, from a historical point of view, totally misleading and incorrect – quite apart from being highly offensive and a breach of ecumenical good manners".{{sfn|Brock|2006|p=14}}

Apart from its religious meaning, the word "Nestorian" has also been used in an ethnic sense, as shown by the phrase "Catholic Nestorians".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=X_LmnA75Dt8C&dq=%22Catholic+Nestorians%22&pg=PA21 Joost Jongerden, Jelle Verheij, ''Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870–1915'' (Brill 2012), p. 21]</ref><ref>[[Gertrude Lowthian Bell]], [https://archive.org/details/amurathtoamurath00bell/page/280 ''Amurath to Amurath'' (Heinemann 1911), p. 281]</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/592420 |page=81|jstor=592420 |last1=Oussani |first1=Gabriel |title=The Modern Chaldeans and Nestorians, and the Study of Syriac among Them |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |date=1901 |volume=22 |doi=10.2307/592420|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=snPnBQAAQBAJ&dq=%22Catholic+Nestorians%22&pg=PA704 Albrecht Classen (editor), ''East Meets West in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times'' (Walter de Gruyter 2013), p. 704]</ref>

In his 1996 article, "The 'Nestorian' Church: a lamentable misnomer", published in the ''[[Bulletin of the John Rylands Library]]'', [[Sebastian Brock]], a [[Fellow of the British Academy]], lamented the fact that "the term 'Nestorian Church' has become the standard designation for the ancient oriental church which in the past called itself 'The Church of the East', but which today prefers a fuller title 'The [[Assyrian Church of the East]]'. Such a designation is not only discourteous to modern members of this venerable church, but also − as this paper aims to show − both inappropriate and misleading".{{sfn|Brock|1996|pp=23–35}}

== Organisation and structure ==
At the [[Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon]] in 410,<ref name = curtin/> the Church of the East was declared to have at its head the bishop of the [[Sasanid Empire|Persian]] capital Seleucia-Ctesiphon, who in the acts of the council was referred to as the Grand or Major Metropolitan, and who soon afterward was called the [[Catholicos]] of the East. Later, the title of [[patriarch]] was used.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}

The Church of the East had, like other churches, an [[ordination|ordained]] clergy in the three traditional orders of [[bishop]], [[priest]] (or [[presbyter]]), and [[deacon]]. Also like other churches, it had an [[episcopal polity]]: organisation by [[diocese]]s, each headed by a bishop and made up of several individual [[parish]] communities overseen by priests. Dioceses were organised into [[Ecclesiastical province|provinces]] under the authority of a [[metropolitan bishop]]. The office of metropolitan bishop was an important one, coming with additional duties and powers; canonically, only metropolitans could [[consecration|consecrate]] a patriarch.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|pp=21–22}} The patriarch also has the charge of the [[Patriarchate|Province of the Patriarch]].

For most of its history the church had six or so Interior Provinces. In 410, these were listed in the hierarchical order of: [[Patriarchal Province of Seleucia-Ctesiphon|Seleucia-Ctesiphon]] (central Iraq), [[Beth Huzaye (East Syriac Ecclesiastical Province)|Beth Lapat]] (western Iran), [[Nisibis (East Syriac Ecclesiastical Province)|Nisibis]] (on the border between Turkey and Iraq), [[Maishan (East Syriac Ecclesiastical Province)|Prat de Maishan]] (Basra, southern Iraq), [[Adiabene (East Syriac Ecclesiastical Province)|Arbela]] (Erbil, North Iraq), and [[Beth Garmaï (East Syriac Ecclesiastical Province)|Karka de Beth Slokh]] (Kirkuk, northeastern Iraq). In addition it had an increasing number of Exterior Provinces further afield within the Sasanian Empire and soon also beyond the empire's borders. By the 10th century, the church had between 20<ref name=Britannica>[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/409819/Nestorians "Nestorian"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved January 28, 2010.</ref> and 30 metropolitan provinces.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=4}} According to John Foster, in the 9th century there were 25 metropolitans{{sfn|Foster|1939|p=34}} including those in China and India. The Chinese provinces were lost in the 11th century, and in the subsequent centuries other exterior provinces went into decline as well. However, in the 13th century, during the Mongol Empire, the church added two new metropolitan provinces in [[North China]], one being Tangut, the other Katai and Ong.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=4}}

== Scriptures ==
{{main|Peshitta}}
The [[Peshitta]], in some cases lightly revised and with missing books added, is the standard [[Syriac versions of the Bible|Syriac Bible]] for churches in the Syriac tradition: the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]], the [[Syriac Catholic Church|Syrian Catholic Church]], the [[Assyrian Church of the East]], the [[Ancient Church of the East]], the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], the [[Maronites]], the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]], the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]] and the [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]].

The [[Old Testament]] of the [[Peshitta]] was translated from [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], although the date and circumstances of this are not entirely clear. The translators may have been Syriac-speaking Jews or early Jewish converts to Christianity. The translation may have been done separately for different texts, and the whole work was probably done by the second century. Most of the [[Biblical apocrypha|deuterocanonical books of the Old Testament]] are found in the Syriac, and the [[Wisdom of Sirach]] is held to have been translated from the [[Hebrew]] and not from the [[Septuagint]].<ref>[http://www.bible-researcher.com/syriac-isbe.html Syriac Versions of the Bible by Thomas Nicol]</ref>

The [[New Testament]] of the [[Peshitta]], which originally excluded certain disputed books ([[Second Epistle of Peter]], [[Second Epistle of John]], [[Third Epistle of John]], [[Epistle of Jude]], [[Book of Revelation]]), had become the standard by the early 5th century.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}

== Iconography==
It was often said in the 19th century that the Church of the East was opposed to religious images of any kind. The use of the images was never as strong in the [[Syriac Christianity|Syriac Churches]] as it was in the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople|Byzantine Church]], but they were indeed present in the tradition of the Church of the East.<ref name=ICE>{{cite journal |last=Parry |first=Ken |date=1996 |title=Images in the Church of the East: The Evidence from Central Asia and China |url=https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicationPid=uk-ac-man-scw:1m2404&datastreamId=POST-PEER-REVIEW-PUBLISHERS-DOCUMENT.PDF |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=78 |issue=3 |pages=143–162 |access-date=23 July 2018 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.78.3.11 |archive-date=3 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703103950/https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicationPid=uk-ac-man-scw:1m2404&datastreamId=POST-PEER-REVIEW-PUBLISHERS-DOCUMENT.PDF |url-status=dead }}</ref> Opposition to religious images eventually became the norm due to the [[Spread of Islam|rise of Islam]] in the region, which forbade any type of depictions of Saints and [[biblical prophets]].{{sfn|Baumer|2006|p=168}} As such, the Church was forced to get rid of icons.{{sfn|Baumer|2006|p=168}}<ref name="Nestorian">{{cite web|url=http://www.touchstonemag.com/archives/article.php?id=21-05-027-f|title=The Shadow of Nestorius}}</ref>

There is both literary and archaeological evidence for the presence of images in the church. Writing in 1248 from [[Samarkand]], an [[Armenia]]n official records visiting a local church and seeing an image of Christ and the Magi. John of Cora ({{lang|it|Giovanni di Cori|italic=no}}), Latin bishop of [[Sultaniya]] in Persia, writing about 1330 of the East Syrians in [[Khanbaliq]] says that they had 'very beautiful and orderly churches with crosses and images in honour of God and of the saints'.<ref name=ICE /> Apart from the references, a [[Mogao Christian painting|painting of a Christian figure]] discovered by [[Aurel Stein]] at the [[Mogao Caves#The Library Cave|Library Cave of the Mogao Caves]] in 1908 is probably a representation of Jesus Christ.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kung |first=Tien Min |date=1960 |title=唐朝基督教之研究 |trans-title=Christianity in the T'ang Dynasty |url=http://divinity-adhoc.library.yale.edu/HKBU/CCLOC/c469_cittd.pdf |language=zh-HK |location=Hong Kong |publisher=The Council on Christian Literature for Overseas Chinese |page=7 (PDF page) |quote=佐伯博士主張此像乃景敎的耶穌像}}</ref>

An illustrated 13th-century Nestorian [[Peshitta]] Gospel book written in [[Syriac alphabet|Estrangela]] from northern Mesopotamia or [[Tur Abdin]], currently in the [[Berlin State Library|State Library of Berlin]], proves that in the 13th century the Church of the East was not yet [[Aniconism in Christianity|aniconic]].{{sfn|Baumer|2006|pp=75, 94}} The [[Nestorian Evangelion]] preserved in the {{Lang|fr|[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]]|italic=no}} contains an illustration depicting Jesus Christ in the circle of a [[ringed cross]] surrounded by four angels.{{sfn|Drège|1992|pp=43, 187}} Three [[Syriac language|Syriac]] manuscripts from early 19th century or earlier{{snd}}they were published in a compilation titled ''[[The Book of Protection]]'' by [[Hermann Gollancz]] in 1912{{snd}}contain some illustrations of no great artistic worth that show that use of images continued.

A life-size male stucco figure discovered in a late-6th-century Nestorian church in [[Patriarchal Province of Seleucia-Ctesiphon|Seleucia-Ctesiphon]], beneath which were found the remains of an earlier church, also shows that the Church of the East used figurative representations.{{sfn|Baumer|2006|pp=75, 94}}

<gallery class="center" widths="225px" heights="249px">
File:Museum für Indische Kunst Dahlem Berlin Mai 2006 061.jpg|[[Palm Sunday]] procession of Nestorian clergy in a 7th- or 8th-century [[Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho|wall painting from the Nestorian church]] at [[Karakhoja]], [[Chinese Turkestan]].
File:Mogao Christian painting (original version).jpg|[[Mogao Christian painting]], a late-9th-century silk painting preserved in the [[British Museum]].
File:Nestorian Peshitta Gospel – Feast of the Discovery of the Cross.jpg|Feast of the Discovery of [[True Cross|the Cross]], from a 13th-century Nestorian Peshitta Gospel book written in [[Syriac alphabet|Estrangela]], preserved in the [[Berlin State Library|SBB]].
File:Nestorian Peshitta Gospel – Announcement of Jesus’ Resurrection.jpg|An [[Angels in Christianity|angel]] announces the [[Resurrection of Jesus|resurrection of Christ]] to [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mary]] and [[Mary Magdalene]], from the Nestorian Peshitta Gospel.
File:Nestorian Peshitta Gospel – Pentecost.jpg|The [[Twelve Apostles]] are gathered around Peter at [[Pentecost]], from the Nestorian Peshitta Gospel.
File:Cruz de la Iglesia del Oriente («nestoriana»).jpg|Illustration from the [[Nestorian Evangelion]], a [[Syriac language|Syriac]] gospel manuscript preserved in the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France|BnF]].
File:Four Evangelists, Church of the East.jpg|Portraits of the [[Four Evangelists]], from a gospel lectionary according to the Nestorian use. [[Mosul]], [[Timurid Empire]], 1499.
File:Entry of Jesus Christ into Jerusalem, with a Female Figure in T'ang Costume, Chotscho, Sinkiang.jpg|Drawing of a rider ([[Triumphal entry into Jerusalem|Entry into Jerusalem]]), a lost wall painting from the Nestorian church at [[Karakhoja]], 9th century.
File:Nestorian Christian Statuette.jpg|Nestorian Christian statuette probably from [[Imperial China]], a [[bodhisattva]]-like figurine seated on a cross, probably [[Yuan dynasty|Mongol dynasty]] (1271–1368).
File:Piatto con decorazione di castello assediato, arg, samirechye, da bolshoe-anikovskaya, IX-X sec su orig del l'VIII sec.JPG|Anikova Plate, showing the [[Battle of Jericho|Siege of Jericho]]. It was probably made in and for a [[Sogdia]]n Nestorian Christian community located in [[Jetisu|Semirechye]]. 9th–10th century.
File:Dish with biblical scenes, Church of the East, line drawing.jpg|The Grigorovskoye Plate: [[Paten]] with biblical scenes in medallions, counterclockwise from bottom left: [[The Three Marys#The three Marys at the tomb|women]] at the [[empty tomb]], the [[Crucifixion of Jesus|crucifixion]], and the [[Ascension of Jesus|Ascension]]. Semirechye, 9th–10th century.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=O'Daly |first1=Briton (Yale University) |title=An Israel of the Seven Rivers |journal=Sino-Platonic Papers |date=2021 |pages=10–12 |url=https://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp308_Zhetysu_Karluk_Turks_Sogdians.pdf}}</ref>
</gallery><gallery class="center" widths="250px" heights="125px">
File:Sutras on the Origin of Origins of Ta-ch‘in Luminous Religion (detail).jpg|Detail of the rubbing of the [[Nestorian pillar of Luoyang]], discovered in [[Luoyang]]. 9th century.
File:Sutras on the Origin of Origins of Ta-ch‘in Luminous Religion (detail-L).jpg|Detail of the rubbing of the [[Nestorian pillar of Luoyang]], discovered in Luoyang. 9th century.
</gallery>

==Early history==
{{See also|Nestorian Schism|Nestorianism}}
Although the East Syriac Christian community traced their history to the 1st century AD, the Church of the East first achieved official state recognition from the Sasanian Empire in the 4th century with the accession of [[Yazdegerd I]] (reigned 399–420) to the throne of the [[Sasanian Empire]]. The policies of the Sasanian Empire, which encouraged syncretic forms of Christianity, greatly influenced the Church of the East.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Houston |first=G. W. |title=An Overview of Nestorians in Inner Asia |date=1980 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41927279 |journal=Central Asiatic Journal |location=Wiesbaden, Germany |volume=24 |issue=1/2 |pages=60–68 |jstor=41927279 |issn=0008-9192}}</ref>

The early church had branches that took inspiration from Neo-Platonism,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Krausmuller |first=Dirk |date=2015-11-16 |title=Christian Platonism and the Debate about Afterlife: John of Scythopolis and Maximus the Confessor on the Inactivity of the Disembodied Soul |journal=Scrinium |language=en |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=246 |doi=10.1163/18177565-00111p21 |s2cid=170249994 |issn=1817-7530|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khoury |first=George |date=1997-01-22 |title=Eastern Christianity on the Eve of Islam |url=https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/eastern-christianity-on-the-eve-of-islam-1626 |access-date=2023-03-01 |publisher=[[EWTN]] |language=en}}</ref> other [[Near East]]ern religions<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chua |first=Amy |title=Day of Empire: How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance–and Why They Fall |publisher=[[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-385-51284-8 |edition=1st |location=[[New York City|New York]] |page=71 |oclc=123079516 |author-link=Amy Chua}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> like [[Judaism]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rouwhorst |first=Gerard |date=March 1997 |title=Jewish Liturgical Traditions in Early Syriac Christianity |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1584359 |journal=Vigiliae Christianae |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=72–93 |doi=10.2307/1584359 |jstor=1584359 |issn=0042-6032|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and other forms of Christianity.<ref name=":0" />

In 410, the [[Synod of Seleucia-Ctesiphon]], held at the Sasanian capital, allowed the church's leading bishops to elect a formal [[Catholicose of the East|Catholicos]] (leader). Catholicos [[Isaac (patriarch)|Isaac]] was required both to lead the Assyrian Christian community and to answer on its behalf to the [[List of shahanshahs of the Sasanian Empire|Sasanian emperor]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fiey|first=Jean Maurice|author-link=Jean Maurice Fiey|title=Jalons pour une histoire de l'Église en Iraq|year=1970|location=Louvain|publisher=Secretariat du CSCO|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N3YPAQAAIAAJ}}</ref>{{sfn|Chaumont|1988}}

Under pressure from the Sasanian Emperor, the Church of the East sought to increasingly distance itself from the [[Pentarchy]] (at the time being known as the church of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]]). Therefore, in 424, the bishops of the Sasanian Empire met in council under the leadership of Catholicos [[Dadisho|Dadishoʿ]] (421–456) and determined that they would not, henceforth, refer disciplinary or theological problems to any external power, and especially not to any bishop or church council in the [[Roman Empire]].{{sfn|Hill|1988|p=105}}

Thus, the Mesopotamian churches did not send representatives to the various church councils attended by representatives of the "[[Western Church]]". Accordingly, the leaders of the Church of the East did not feel bound by any decisions of what came to be regarded as Roman imperial councils. Despite this, the creed and canons of the [[First Council of Nicaea]] of 325, affirming the full divinity of Christ, were formally accepted at the [[Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon]] in 410.{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|p=354}} The church's understanding of the term [[Hypostasis (philosophy and religion)|hypostasis]] differs from the definition of the term offered at the [[Council of Chalcedon]] of 451. For this reason, the Assyrian Church has never approved the [[Chalcedonian definition]].{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|p=354}}

The theological controversy that followed the [[Council of Ephesus]] in 431 proved a turning point in the Christian Church's history. The Council condemned as heretical the Christology of [[Nestorius]], whose reluctance to accord the Virgin Mary the title ''[[Theotokos]]'' "God-bearer, Mother of God" was taken as evidence that he believed two separate persons (as opposed to two united natures) to be present within Christ.

The Sasanian Emperor, hostile to the Byzantines, saw the opportunity to ensure the loyalty of his Christian subjects and lent support to the [[Nestorian Schism]]. The Emperor took steps to cement the primacy of the Nestorian party within the Assyrian Church of the East, granting its members his protection,{{sfn|Outerbridge|1952}} and executing the pro-Roman Catholicos [[Babowai]] in 484, replacing him with the Nestorian Bishop of [[Nusaybin|Nisibis]], [[Barsauma of Nisibis|Barsauma]]. The Catholicos-Patriarch [[Babai (Nestorian patriarch)|Babai]] (497–503) confirmed the association of the Assyrian Church with Nestorianism.

===Parthian and Sasanian periods===
[[File:Church of Saint Mary - Urmia - Iran 5 - کلیسای ننه مریم، ارومیه - ایران 5.jpg|thumb|[[St. Mary Church, Urmia|Saint Mary Church]]: an ancient [[Assyrian Church of the East|Assyrian]] church located in the city of [[Urmia]], [[West Azerbaijan province]], [[Iran]].]]
Christians were already forming communities in [[Mesopotamia]] as early as the 1st century under the [[Parthian Empire]]. In 266, the area was annexed by the [[Sasanian Empire]] (becoming the province of [[Asōristān]]), and there were significant Christian communities in [[Upper Mesopotamia]], [[Elam]], and [[Fars province|Fars]].{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|p=1}} The Church of the East traced its origins ultimately to the evangelical activity of [[Thaddeus of Edessa]], [[Saint Mari|Mari]] and [[Thomas the Apostle]]. Leadership and structure remained disorganised until 315 when [[Papa bar Aggai]] (310–329), bishop of [[Seleucia]]-[[Ctesiphon]], imposed the primacy of his see over the other Mesopotamian and Persian bishoprics which were grouped together under the Catholicate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon; Papa took the title of [[Catholicos]], or universal leader.<ref>[[Ilaria Ramelli]], "Papa bar Aggai", in ''[[Encyclopedia of Ancient Christianity]]'', 2nd edn., 3 vols., ed. Angelo Di Berardino (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2014), 3:47.</ref> This position received an additional title in 410, becoming [[List of patriarchs of the Church of the East|Catholicos and Patriarch of the East]].{{sfn|Fiey|1967|pp=3–22}}{{sfn|Roberson|1999|p=15}}

These early Christian communities in Mesopotamia, Elam, and Fars were reinforced in the 4th and 5th centuries by large-scale deportations of Christians from the eastern [[Roman Empire]].{{sfn|Daniel|Mahdi|2006|p=61}} However, the Persian Church faced several severe persecutions, notably during the reign of [[Shapur II]] (339–379), from the [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] majority who accused it of Roman leanings.{{sfn|Foster|1939|pp=26–27}} Shapur II attempted to dismantle the catholicate's structure and put to death some of the clergy including the catholicoi [[Shemon Bar Sabbae|Simeon bar Sabba'e]] (341),{{sfn|Burgess|Mercier|1999|pp=9–66}} [[Shahdost]] (342), and [[Barba'shmin]] (346).<ref>Donald Attwater & Catherine Rachel John, ''The Penguin Dictionary of Saints'', 3rd edn. (New York: Penguin Books, 1993), 116, 245.</ref> Afterward, the office of Catholicos lay vacant nearly 20 years (346–363).{{sfn|Tajadod|1993|pp=110–133}} In 363, under the terms of a peace treaty, Nisibis was ceded to the Persians, causing [[Ephrem the Syrian]], accompanied by a number of teachers, to leave the [[School of Nisibis]] for [[Edessa]] still in Roman territory.{{sfn|Labourt|1909}} The church grew considerably during the Sasanian period,<ref name=Britannica/> but the pressure of persecution led the Catholicos, Dadisho I, in 424 to convene the [[Council of Markabta of the Arabs]] and declare the Catholicate independent from "the western Fathers".{{sfn|Jugie|1935|pp=5–25}}

[[File:Mar Toma church urmia.jpg|thumb|left|Assyrian [[St. Thomas Church, Balowlan|Mar Toma church]] near [[Urmia]], [[Iran]].]]

Meanwhile, in the Roman Empire, the [[Nestorian Schism]] had led many of Nestorius' supporters to relocate to the Sasanian Empire, mainly around the theological [[School of Nisibis]]. The Persian Church increasingly aligned itself with the Dyophisites, a measure encouraged by the Zoroastrian ruling class. The church became increasingly Dyophisite in doctrine over the next decades, furthering the divide between Roman and Persian Christianity. In 484 the Metropolitan of Nisibis, [[Barsauma of Nisibis|Barsauma]], convened the [[Synod of Beth Lapat]] where he publicly accepted Nestorius' mentor, [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]], as a spiritual authority.{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|pp=28–29}} In 489, when the [[School of Edessa]] in [[Mesopotamia (Roman province)|Mesopotamia]] was closed by Byzantine Emperor [[Zeno (emperor)|Zeno]] for its Nestorian teachings, the school relocated to its original home of Nisibis, becoming again the [[School of Nisibis]], leading to a wave of Nestorian immigration into the Sasanian Empire.{{sfn|Reinink|1995|pp=77–89}}{{sfn|Brock|2006|p=73}} The Patriarch of the East [[Mar Babai I]] (497–502) reiterated and expanded upon his predecessors' esteem for Theodore, solidifying the church's adoption of Dyophisitism.<ref name=Britannica/>

[[File:Church of Saint John the Arab.jpg|thumb|A 6th century Nestorian church, St. John the Arab, in the [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]] village of [[Andac|Geramon]].]]

Now firmly established in the Persian Empire, with centres in Nisibis, [[Ctesiphon]], and [[Gundeshapur]], and several [[metropolitan see]]s, the Church of the East began to branch out beyond the Sasanian Empire. However, through the 6th century the church was frequently beset with internal strife and persecution from the Zoroastrians. The infighting led to a schism, which lasted from 521 until around 539, when the issues were resolved. However, immediately afterward Byzantine-Persian conflict led to a renewed persecution of the church by the Sasanian emperor [[Khosrau I]]; this ended in 545. The church survived these trials under the guidance of Patriarch [[Aba I]], who had converted to Christianity from [[Zoroastrianism]].<ref name=Britannica/>

By the end of the 5th century and the middle of the 6th, the area occupied by the Church of the East included "all the countries to the east and those immediately to the west of the Euphrates", including the Sasanian Empire, the [[Arabian Peninsula]], with minor presence in the [[Horn of Africa]], [[Socotra]], [[Mesopotamia]], [[Medes|Media]], [[Bactria]], [[Hyrcania]], and India; and possibly also to places called Calliana, Male, and Sielediva (Ceylon).{{sfn|Stewart|1928|pp=13–14}} Beneath the Patriarch in the hierarchy were nine [[metropolitan bishop|metropolitans]], and clergy were recorded among the [[Huns]], in [[Persarmenia]], Media, and the island of [[Dioscoris]] in the [[Indian Ocean]].{{sfn|Stewart|1928|p=14}}

The Church of the East also flourished in the kingdom of the [[Lakhmids]] until the Islamic conquest, particularly after the ruler [[al-Nu'man III ibn al-Mundhir]] officially converted in c. 592.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}

===Islamic rule===
[[File:Church of the East provinces 10 c.svg|thumb|Ecclesiastical provinces of the Church of the East in 10th century]]
[[File:Mural of a Cleric of the Church of the East.jpg|thumb|left|A 9th-century mural of a cleric of the Church of the East from the palace of al-Mukhtar in [[Samarra]], Iraq.]]

After the Sasanian Empire was [[Muslim conquest of Persia|conquered by Muslim Arabs]] in 644, the newly established [[Rashidun Caliphate]] designated the Church of the East as an official ''[[dhimmi]]'' minority group headed by the Patriarch of the East. As with all other Christian and Jewish groups given the same status, the church was restricted within the Caliphate, but also given a degree of protection. In order to resist the growing competition from Muslim courts, patriarchs and bishops of the Church of the East developed canon law and adapted the procedures used in the episcopal courts.<ref>{{Citation |last=Tillier |first=Mathieu |title=Chapitre 5. La justice des non-musulmans dans le Proche-Orient islamique |date=2019|url=http://books.openedition.org/psorbonne/36159 |work=L'invention du cadi : La justice des musulmans, des juifs et des chrétiens aux premiers siècles de l'Islam |pages=455–533 |series=Bibliothèque historique des pays d’Islam |place=Paris |publisher=Éditions de la Sorbonne |isbn=979-10-351-0102-2 |access-date=}}</ref> Nestorians were not permitted to [[proselytise]] or attempt to convert Muslims, but their missionaries were otherwise given a free hand, and they increased missionary efforts farther afield. Missionaries established dioceses in India (the [[Saint Thomas Christians]]). They made some advances in [[Egypt]], despite the strong [[Miaphysitism|Miaphysite]] presence there, and they entered [[Central Asia]], where they had significant success converting local [[Tartars]]. Nestorian missionaries were firmly established in China during the early part of the [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907); the Chinese source known as the [[Nestorian Stele]] describes a mission under a proselyte named [[Alopen]] as introducing Nestorian Christianity to China in 635. In the 7th century, the church had grown to have two Nestorian [[archbishops]], and over 20 bishops east of the Iranian border of the [[Amu Darya|Oxus River]].{{sfn|Foster|1939|p=33}}

Patriarch [[Timothy I (Nestorian Patriarch)|Timothy I]] (780–823), a contemporary of the Caliph [[Harun al-Rashid]], took a particularly keen interest in the missionary expansion of the Church of the East. He is known to have consecrated metropolitans for Damascus, for [[Armenia (East Syrian Diocese)|Armenia]], for Dailam and Gilan in Azerbaijan, for [[Rai (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)|Rai]] in Tabaristan, for Sarbaz in Segestan, for the [[Turkic Christians|Turks]] of Central Asia, for China, and possibly also for [[Tibet]]. He also detached India from the metropolitan province of [[Fars (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)|Fars]] and made it a separate metropolitan province, known as [[India (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)|India]].{{sfn|Fiey|1993|p=47 (Armenia), 72 (Damascus), 74 (Dailam and Gilan), 94–96 (India), 105 (China), 124 (Rai), 128–129 (Sarbaz), 128 (Samarqand and Beth Turkaye), 139 (Tibet)}} By the 10th century the Church of the East had a number of dioceses stretching from across the Caliphate's territories to India and China.<ref name=Britannica/>

Nestorian Christians made substantial contributions to the Islamic [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] and [[Abbasid Caliphate]]s, particularly in translating the works of the ancient [[Greek philosophers]] to [[Syriac language|Syriac]] and [[Arabic]].{{sfn|Hill|1993|pp=4–5, 12}}<ref>{{cite book|title=The Legend of the Middle Ages: Philosophical Explorations of Medieval Christianity, Judaism, and Islam|first=Rémi |last=Brague|year= 2009| isbn=9780226070803| page =164|publisher=University of Chicago Press|quote=Neither were there any Muslims among the Ninth-Century translators. Almost all of them were Christians of various Eastern denominations: Jacobites, Melchites, and, above all, Nestorians.}}</ref> Nestorians made their own contributions to [[philosophy]], [[science]] (such as [[Hunayn ibn Ishaq]], [[Qusta ibn Luqa]], [[Masawaiyh]], [[Patriarch Eutychius of Alexandria|Patriarch Eutychius]], [[Jabril ibn Bukhtishu]]) and [[theology]] (such as [[Tatian]], [[Bar Daisan]], [[Babai the Great]], [[Nestorius]], [[Toma bar Yacoub]]). The personal [[physicians]] of the Abbasid Caliphs were often [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]] [[Christians]] such as the long serving [[Bukhtishu]] dynasty.<ref>Rémi Brague, [http://www.christiansofiraq.com/assyriancontributionstotheislamiccivilization.htm Assyrians contributions to the Islamic civilization] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927015958/http://www.christiansofiraq.com/assyriancontributionstotheislamiccivilization.htm |date=2013-09-27}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/409819/Nestorian Nestorian]</ref>

==Expansion==
{{See also|Christianity in Asia#Expansion of Nestorian Christianity (431–1360 AD)}}
[[File:Church of the East in the Middle Ages.svg|thumb|right|Church of the East at its largest extent during the Middle Ages.]]

After the split with the Western World and synthesis with Nestorianism, the Church of the East expanded rapidly due to missionary works during the medieval period.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jarrett |first=Jonathan |date=2019-06-24 |title=When is a Nestorian not a Nestorian? Mostly, that's when |url=https://tenthmedieval.wordpress.com/2019/06/24/when-is-a-nestorian-not-a-nestorian-mostly-thats-when/ |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=A Corner of Tenth-Century Europe |language=en}}</ref> During the period between 500 and 1400 the geographical horizon of the Church of the East extended well beyond its heartland in present-day northern [[Iraq]], north eastern [[Syria]] and south eastern [[Turkey]]. Communities sprang up throughout [[Central Asia]], and missionaries from Assyria and Mesopotamia took the Christian faith as far as China, with a primary indicator of their missionary work being the [[Nestorian Stele]], a Christian tablet written in Chinese found in China dating to 781 AD. Their most important conversion, however, was of the [[Saint Thomas Christians]] of the [[Malabar Coast]] in India, who alone escaped the destruction of the church by [[Timur]] at the end of the 14th century, and the majority of whom today constitute the largest group who now use the [[East Syriac Rite|liturgy of the Church of the East]], with around 4 million followers in their homeland, in spite of the 17th-century defection to the [[West Syriac Rite]] of the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]].<ref>[http://www.cnewa.org/default.aspx?ID=60&pagetypeID=9&sitecode=hq&pageno=1 Ronald G. Roberson, "The Syro-Malabar Catholic Church"]</ref> The St Thomas Christians were believed by tradition to have been converted by St Thomas, and were in communion with the Church of the East until the end of the medieval period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nasrani.net/2007/02/16/references-about-the-apostolate-of-saint-thomas-in-india-records-of-indian-tradition-of-thomas-statements/ |title=NSC Network – Early references about the Apostolate of Saint Thomas in India, Records about the Indian tradition, Saint Thomas Christians & Statements by Indian Statesmen |publisher=Nasrani.net |access-date=2010-03-31| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100403052436/http://nasrani.net/2007/02/16/references-about-the-apostolate-of-saint-thomas-in-india-records-of-indian-tradition-of-thomas-statements/| archive-date= 3 April 2010 | url-status= live|date=2007-02-16}}</ref>

===India===
{{Main|Church of the East in India|India (East Syriac ecclesiastical province)|Saint Thomas Christians}}
[[File:King_of_Colombo_(Kollam),_Catalan_Atlas_1375.jpg|thumb|The Christian "King of Colombo" ([[Kollam]] in India, flags: [[File:Flag_of_the_Kigdom_of_Colombo,_Catalan_Atlas_1375.png|15px]], identified as Christian due to the early Christian presence there)<ref name="VL4">{{cite journal |last1=Liščák |first1=Vladimír |title=Mapa mondi (Catalan Atlas of 1375), Majorcan cartographic school, and 14th century Asia |journal=International Cartographic Association |date=2017 |volume=1 |pages=4–5 |doi=10.5194/ica-proc-1-69-2018 |bibcode=2018PrICA...1...69L |url=https://www.proc-int-cartogr-assoc.net/1/69/2018/ica-proc-1-69-2018.pdf |doi-access=free}}</ref> in the contemporary [[Catalan Atlas]] of 1375.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Massing |first1=Jean Michel |last2=Albuquerque |first2=Luís de |last3=Brown |first3=Jonathan |last4=González |first4=J. J. Martín |title=Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration |date= 1991 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-05167-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wMK-Ba0-RG4C&pg=PA30 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Cartography between Christian Europe and the Arabic-Islamic World, 1100–1500: Divergent Traditions |date=2021 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-44603-8 |page=176 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eq0zEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA176 |language=en}}</ref> The caption above the king of [[Kollam]] reads: ''Here rules the king of Colombo, a Christian.''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Liščák |first1=Vladimír |title=Mapa mondi (Catalan Atlas of 1375), Majorcan cartographic school, and 14th century Asia |journal=International Cartographic Association |date=2017 |volume=1 |page=5 |doi=10.5194/ica-proc-1-69-2018 |bibcode=2018PrICA...1...69L |url=https://www.proc-int-cartogr-assoc.net/1/69/2018/ica-proc-1-69-2018.pdf |doi-access=free}}</ref> The black flags ([[File:Sultan of Delhi Flag according to the Catalan Atlas (1375).png|15px]]) on the coast belong to the [[Delhi Sultanate]].]]

The [[Saint Thomas Christian]] community of [[Kerala]], India, who according to tradition trace their origins to the evangelizing efforts of [[Thomas the Apostle]], had a long association with the Church of the East. The earliest known organised Christian presence in Kerala dates to 295/300 when Christian settlers and missionaries from Persia headed by Bishop [[David of Basra]] settled in the region.{{sfn|Frykenberg|2008|pp=102–107, 115}} The Saint Thomas Christians traditionally credit the mission of [[Thomas of Cana]], a Nestorian from the Middle East, with the further expansion of their community.{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|p=52}} From at least the early 4th century, the [[Patriarch of the Church of the East]] provided the Saint Thomas Christians with clergy, holy texts, and ecclesiastical infrastructure. And around 650 Patriarch [[Ishoyahb III]] solidified the church's jurisdiction in India.{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|p=53}} In the 8th century Patriarch [[Timothy I (Nestorian patriarch)|Timothy I]] organised the community as the [[India (East Syriac ecclesiastical province)|Ecclesiastical Province of India]], one of the church's Provinces of the Exterior. After this point the province of India was headed by a [[metropolitan bishop]], provided from Persia, who oversaw a varying number of bishops as well as a native [[Archdeacon]], who had authority over the clergy and also wielded a great amount of secular power. The [[metropolitan see]] was probably in [[Cranganore]], or (perhaps nominally) in [[Mylapore]], where the Shrine of Thomas was located.{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|p=52}}

In the 12th century Indian Nestorianism engaged the Western imagination in the figure of [[Prester John]], supposedly a Nestorian ruler of India who held the offices of both king and priest. The geographically remote Malabar Church survived the decay of the Nestorian hierarchy elsewhere, enduring until the 16th century when the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] arrived in India. With the establishment of Portuguese power in parts of India, the clergy of that empire, in particular members of the [[Society of Jesus]] (Jesuits), determined to actively bring the [[Saint Thomas Christians]] into full communion with Rome under the [[Latin Church]] and its [[Latin liturgical rites]]. After the [[Synod of Diamper]] in 1599, they installed [[Padroado]] Portuguese bishops over the local sees and made liturgical changes to accord with the Latin practice and this led to a revolt among the Saint Thomas Christians.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Synod-of-Diamper |title=Synod of Diamper |last= |first= |date= |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=11 July 2022|quote=The local patriarch{{snd}}representing the Assyrian Church of the East, to which ancient Christians in India had looked for ecclesiastical authority{{snd}}was then removed from jurisdiction in India and replaced by a Portuguese bishop; the East Syrian liturgy of Addai and Mari was "purified from error"; and Latin vestments, rituals, and customs were introduced to replace the ancient traditions.}}</ref> The majority of them broke with the Catholic Church and vowed never to submit to the Portuguese in the [[Coonan Cross Oath]] of 1653. In 1661, [[Pope Alexander VII]] responded by sending a delegations of [[Carmelites]] headed by two Italians, one Fleming and one German priests to reconcile the Saint Thomas Christians to Catholic fold.<ref name="Neil_on_delagation">{{cite book |last= Neil|first= Stephen|title=A History of Christianity in India: The Beginnings to AD 1707 |date=1984|publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=322 |url=|language=en |isbn=0521243513|quote=Then the pope decided to throw one more stone into the pool. Apparently following a suggestion made by some among the cattanars, he sent to India four discalced Carmelites – two Italians, one Fleming and one German. These Fathers had two advantages – they were not Portuguese and they were not Jesuits. The head of the mission was given the title of apostolic commissary, and was specially charged with the duty of restoring peace in the Serra.}}</ref> These priests had two advantages – they were not Portuguese and they were not Jesuits.<ref name="Neil_on_delagation"/> By the next year, 84 of the 116 Saint Thomas Christian churches had returned, forming the [[Syrian Catholics of Malabar|Syrian Catholic Church]] (modern day [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]). The rest, which became known as the [[Malankara Church]], soon entered into communion with the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]]. The Malankara Church also produced the [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]].

===Sri Lanka===
{{See also|Christianity in Sri Lanka}}
Nestorian Christianity is said to have thrived in Sri Lanka with the patronage of King Dathusena during the 5th century. There are mentions of involvement of Persian Christians with the Sri Lankan royal family during the Sigiriya Period. Over seventy-five ships carrying Murundi soldiers from Mangalore are said to have arrived in the Sri Lankan town of Chilaw most of whom were Christians. King Dathusena's daughter was married to his nephew Migara who is also said to have been a Nestorian Christian, and a commander of the Sinhalese army. Maga Brahmana, a Christian priest of Persian origin is said to have provided advice to King Dathusena on establishing his palace on the [[Sigiriya Rock]].<ref name="Balboa Publishers">{{cite book |last1=Pinto |first1=Leonard |title=Being a Christian in Sri Lanka: Historical, Political, Social, and Religious Considerations |date=2015 |publisher=Balboa Publishers |isbn=978-1452528632 |pages=55–57 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ifVMCgAAQBAJ&q=senarath+paranavithana&pg=PT88}}</ref>

The [[Anuradhapura cross|Anuradhapura Cross]] discovered in 1912 is also considered to be an indication of a strong Nestorian Christian presence in Sri Lanka between the 3rd and 10th century in the then capitol of Anuradhapura of Sri Lanka.<ref name="Balboa Publishers"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Mar Aprem Metropolitan Visits Ancient Anuradhapura Cross in Official Trip to Sri Lanka |url=http://news.assyrianchurch.org/2013/08/06/mar-aprem-metropolitan-visits-ancient-anuradhapura-cross-in-official-trip-to-sri-lanka/4480 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226144609/http://news.assyrianchurch.org/2013/08/06/mar-aprem-metropolitan-visits-ancient-anuradhapura-cross-in-official-trip-to-sri-lanka/4480 |archive-date=2015-02-26 |access-date=6 August 2013 |publisher=Assyrian Church News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Weerakoon |first1=Rajitha |title=Did Christianity exist in ancient Sri Lanka? |url=https://www.sundaytimes.lk/110626/Plus/plus_07.html |access-date=2 August 2021 |work=Sunday Times|date=June 26, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Main interest |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2326613141.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329194052/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2326613141.html |archive-date=2015-03-29 |access-date=2 August 2021 |work=Daily News |date=22 April 2011}}</ref>

===China===
{{Main|Church of the East in China|Christianity in China}}
{{See also|Church of the East in Sichuan}}
[[File:Nestorian-Stele-Budge-plate-X.jpg|thumb|The [[Nestorian Stele]], created in 781, describes the introduction of Nestorian Christianity to China]]

Christianity reached China by 635, and its relics can still be seen in Chinese cities such as [[Xi'an]]. The [[Nestorian Stele]], set up on 7 January 781 at the then-capital of [[Chang'an]], attributes the introduction of Christianity to a mission under a Persian cleric named [[Alopen]] in 635, in the reign of [[Emperor Taizong of Tang]] during the [[Tang dynasty]].{{sfn|Ding|2006|pp=149–162}}{{sfn|Stewart|1928|p=169}} The inscription on the Nestorian Stele, whose dating formula mentions the [[Patriarch of the Church of the East|patriarch]] [[Hnanisho II|Hnanisho II (773–780)]], gives the names of several prominent Christians in China, including Metropolitan Adam, Bishop Yohannan, 'country-bishops' Yazdbuzid and Sargis and Archdeacons Gigoi of Khumdan ([[Chang'an]]) and Gabriel of Sarag ([[Luoyang]]). The names of around seventy monks are also listed.{{sfn|Stewart|1928|p=183}}

Nestorian Christianity thrived in China for approximately 200 years, but then faced persecution from [[Emperor Wuzong of Tang]] (reigned 840–846). He suppressed all foreign religions, including Buddhism and Christianity, causing the church to decline sharply in China. A Syrian monk visiting China a few decades later described many churches in ruin. The church disappeared from China in the early 10th century, coinciding with the collapse of the Tang dynasty and the tumult of the next years (the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period]]).{{sfn|Moffett|1999|pp=14–15}}

Christianity in China experienced a significant revival during the Mongol-created [[Yuan dynasty]], established after the Mongols had conquered China in the 13th century. [[Marco Polo]] in the 13th century and other medieval Western writers described many Nestorian communities remaining in China and Mongolia; however, they clearly were not as active as they had been during Tang times.

===Mongolia and Central Asia===
{{Main|Christianity among the Mongols}}
[[File:Syriac Christianity.svg|thumb|Mongol tribes that adopted Syriac Christianity ca. 600 – 1400]]

The Church of the East enjoyed a final period of expansion under the [[Mongols]]. Several Mongol tribes had already been converted by Nestorian missionaries in the 7th century, and Christianity was therefore a major influence in the [[Mongol Empire]].{{sfn|Jackson|2014|p=97}} [[Genghis Khan]] was a shamanist, but his sons took Christian wives from the powerful [[Kerait]] clan, as did their sons in turn. During the rule of Genghis's grandson, the Great Khan [[Möngke Khan|Mongke]], Nestorian Christianity was the primary religious influence in the Empire, and this also carried over to Mongol-controlled China, during the [[Yuan dynasty]]. It was at this point, in the late 13th century, that the Church of the East reached its greatest geographical reach. But Mongol power was already waning as the Empire dissolved into civil war; and it reached a turning point in 1295, when [[Ghazan]], the Mongol ruler of the [[Ilkhanate]], made a formal conversion to Islam when he took the throne.

===Jerusalem and Cyprus===
[[File:Nestorianische Kirche C.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Nestorian Church (Famagusta)|Nestorian church]] (1350) in [[Famagusta]], [[Cyprus]].]]

[[Rabban Bar Sauma]] had initially conceived of his journey to the West as a pilgrimage to [[Jerusalem]], so it is possible that there was a Nestorian presence in the city ca.1300. There was certainly a recognisable Nestorian presence at the [[Holy Sepulchre]] from the years 1348 through 1575, as contemporary [[Franciscan]] accounts indicate.{{sfn|Luke|1924|pp=46–56}} At [[Famagusta]], Cyprus, a Nestorian community was established just before 1300, and [[Nestorian Church (Famagusta)|a church]] was built for them {{circa|1339}}.{{sfn|Fiey|1993|p=71}}{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=66}}

===Decline===
The expansion was followed by a decline. There were 68 cities with resident Church of the East bishops in the year 1000; in 1238 there were only 24, and at the death of [[Timur]] in 1405, only seven. The result of some 20 years under [[Öljaitü]], ruler of the [[Ilkhanate]] from 1304 to 1316, and to a lesser extent under his predecessor, was that the overall number of the dioceses and parishes was further reduced.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|pp=16–19}}

When [[Timur]], the Turco-Mongol leader of the [[Timurid Empire]], known also as Tamerlane, came to power in 1370, he set out to cleanse his dominions of non-Muslims. He annihilated Christianity in Central Asia.<ref name=Phan>[https://books.google.com/books?id=nfva8m7UOboC&dq=Timur+annihilated&pg=PA243 Peter C. Phan, ''Christianities in Asia'' (John Wiley & Sons, 2011), p. 243]</ref> The Church of the East "lived on only in the mountains of [[Kurdistan]] and in India".{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|p=105}} Thus, except for the [[Saint Thomas Christians]] on the [[Malabar Coast]], the Church of the East was confined to the area in and around the rough triangle formed by [[Mosul]] and [[Lake Van|Lakes Van]] and [[Lake Urmia|Urmia]], including [[Amid]] (modern [[Diyarbakır]]), [[Mardin|Mêrdîn]] (modern [[Mardin]]) and [[Edessa]] to the west, [[Salmas]] to the east, [[Hakkâri (city)|Hakkari]] and [[Harran]] to the north, and [[Mosul]], [[Kirkuk]], and Arbela (modern [[Erbil]]) to the south – a region comprising, in modern maps, northern [[Iraq]], southeast [[Turkey]], northeast [[Syria]] and the northwestern fringe of [[Iran]]. Small Nestorian communities were located further west, notably in Jerusalem and [[Cyprus]], but the Malabar Christians of India represented the only significant survival of the once-thriving exterior provinces of the Church of the East.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|pp=345–347}} The complete disappearance of the Nestorian dioceses in Central Asia probably stemmed from a combination of persecution, disease, and isolation: "what survived the Mongols did not survive the [[Black Death]] of the fourteenth century."<ref name=Phan/> In many parts of Central Asia, Christianity had died out decades before Timur's campaigns. The surviving evidence from Central Asia, including a large number of dated graves, indicates that the crisis for the Church of the East occurred in the 1340s rather than the 1390s. Several contemporary observers, including the Papal Envoy [[Giovanni de' Marignolli]], mention the murder of a Latin bishop in 1339 or 1340 by a Muslim mob in [[Almaliq, Xinjiang|Almaliq]], the chief city of [[Tangut people|Tangut]], and the forcible conversion of the city's Christians to Islam. Tombstones in two East Syriac cemeteries in Mongolia have been dated from 1342, some commemorating deaths during a Black Death outbreak in 1338. In China, the last references to Nestorian and [[Latin Church|Latin Christians]] date from the 1350s, shortly before the replacement in 1368 of the Mongol [[Yuan dynasty]] with the xenophobic [[Ming dynasty]] and the consequential self-imposed isolation of China from foreign influence including Christianity.{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|p=104}} [[Socotra]] became islamised after the [[Mahra Sultanate]] retook the island from the Portuguese in 1511.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eQvhZaEVzjcC|page=225|first=Daniel|last=McLaughlin|title=Yemen|year=2007|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-212-5 }}</ref>

==Schisms==
{{expand section|with=[[Syro-Malabar Church]], [[Coonan Cross Oath]]|date=June 2025}}
From the middle of the 16th century, and throughout following two centuries, the Church of the East was affected by several internal [[schism]]s. Some of those schisms were caused by individuals or groups who chose to accept union with the [[Catholic Church]]. Other schisms were provoked by rivalry between various fractions within the Church of the East. Lack of internal unity and frequent change of allegiances led to the creation and continuation of separate patriarchal lines. In spite of many internal challenges, and external difficulties (political oppression by [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] authorities and frequent persecutions by local non-Christians), the traditional branches of the Church of the East managed to survive that tumultuous period and eventually consolidate during the 19th century in the form of the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. At the same time, after many similar difficulties, groups united with the Catholic Church were finally consolidated into the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]]

===Schism of 1552===
{{Main|Schism of 1552}}

Around the middle of the fifteenth century Patriarch Shemʿon IV Basidi made the patriarchal succession hereditary{{spaced ndash}}normally from uncle to nephew. This practice, which resulted in a shortage of eligible heirs, eventually led to a schism in the Church of the East, creating a temporarily Catholic offshoot known as the Shimun line.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=19}} The Patriarch [[Shemon VII Ishoyahb|Shemʿon VII Ishoʿyahb]] (1539–58) caused great turmoil at the beginning of his reign by designating his twelve-year-old nephew Khnanishoʿ as his successor, presumably because no older relatives were available.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=21}} Several years later, probably because Khnanishoʿ had died in the interim, he designated as successor his fifteen-year-old brother Eliya, the future Patriarch [[Eliya VI]] (1558–91).{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|pp=21–22}} These appointments, combined with other accusations of impropriety, caused discontent throughout the church, and by 1552 Shemʿon VII Ishoʿyahb had become so unpopular that a group of bishops, principally from the [[Amid]], [[Sirt]] and [[Salmas]] districts in northern Mesopotamia, chose a new patriarch. They elected a monk named [[Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa|Yohannan Sulaqa]], the former superior of [[Rabban Hormizd Monastery]] near [[Alqosh]], which was the seat of the incumbent patriarchs;{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=22}} however, no bishop of metropolitan rank was available to consecrate him, as canonically required. [[Franciscan]] missionaries were already at work among the Nestorians,{{sfn|Lemmens|1926|pp=17–28}} and, using them as intermediaries,<ref name=Filoni/> Sulaqa's supporters sought to legitimise their position by seeking their candidate's consecration by [[Pope Julius III]] (1550–55).{{sfn|Habbi|1966|pp=99–132}}{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|pp=21–22}}

Sulaqa went to Rome, arriving on 18 November 1552, and presented a letter, drafted by his supporters in [[Mosul]], setting out his claim and asking that the Pope consecrate him as Patriarch. On 15 February 1553 he made a twice-revised profession of faith judged to be satisfactory, and by the [[papal bull|bull]] ''Divina Disponente Clementia'' of 20 February 1553 was appointed "Patriarch of [[Mosul]] in Eastern Syria"<ref>''Patriarcha de Mozal in Syria orientali'' ([https://archive.org/details/orienschristian04grgoog Anton Baumstark (editor), ''Oriens Christianus'', IV:1, Rome and Leipzig 2004, p. 277)]</ref> or "Patriarch of the Church of the Chaldeans of Mosul" (''Chaldaeorum ecclesiae Musal Patriarcha'').{{sfn|Assemani|1725|p=661}} He was consecrated bishop in [[St. Peter's Basilica]] on 9 April. On 28 April [[Pope Julius III]] gave him the [[pallium]] conferring patriarchal rank, confirmed with the bull ''Cum Nos Nuper''. These events, in which Rome was led to believe that Shemʿon VII Ishoʿyahb was dead, created within the Church of the East a lasting schism between the Eliya line of Patriarchs at Alqosh and the new line originating from Sulaqa. The latter was for half a century recognised by Rome as being in communion, but that reverted to both hereditary succession and Nestorianism and has continued in the Patriarchs of the [[Assyrian Church of the East]].{{sfn|Habbi|1966|pp=99–132}}{{sfn|Wilkinson|2007|pp=86−88}}

Sulaqa left Rome in early July and in Constantinople applied for civil recognition. After his return to Mesopotamia, he received from the Ottoman authorities in December 1553 recognition as head of "the Chaldean nation after the example of all the Patriarchs". In the following year, during a five-month stay in [[Amid]] ([[Diyarbakır]]), he consecrated two metropolitans and three other bishops<ref name=Filoni>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Xp8rDwAAQBAJ&dq=filoni+%22ordained+two%22&pg=PA36 Fernando Filoni, ''The Church in Iraq'' CUA Press 2017), pp. 35−36]</ref> (for [[Gazarta]], [[Hesna d'Kifa]], [[Amid]], [[Mardin]] and [[Seert]]). For his part, Shemʿon VII Ishoʿyahb of the Alqosh line consecrated two more underage members of his patriarchal family as metropolitans (for [[Nisibis]] and [[Gazarta]]). He also won over the governor of ʿ[[Amadiya]], who invited Sulaqa to ʿAmadiya, imprisoned him for four months, and put him to death in January 1555.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=22}}{{sfn|Wilkinson|2007|pp=86−88}}

===The Eliya and Shimun lines===
This new Catholic line founded by Sulaqa maintained its seat at [[Amid]] and is known as the "Shimun" line. Wilmshurst suggests that their adoption of the name Shimun (after [[Simon Peter]]) was meant to point to the legitimacy of their Catholic line.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=23}} Sulaqa's successor, [[Abdisho IV Maron]] (1555–1570) visited Rome and his Patriarchal title was confirmed by the Pope in 1562.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|pp=22–23}} At some point, he moved to [[Seert]].

The Eliya-line Patriarch Shemon VII Ishoyahb (1539–58), who resided in the [[Rabban Hormizd Monastery]] near [[Alqosh]], continued to actively oppose union with Rome, and was succeeded by his nephew [[Eliya VI|Eliya]] (designated as Eliya "VII" in older historiography,{{sfn|Tisserant|1931|pp=261–263}}{{sfn|Fiey|1993|p=37}} but renumbered as Eliya "VI" in recent scholarly works).{{sfn|Murre van den Berg|1999|pp=243–244}}{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|pp=116, 174}}{{sfn|Hage|2007|p=473}} During his Patriarchal tenure, from 1558 to 1591, the Church of the East preserved its traditional christology and full ecclesiastical independence.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|pp=22, 42 194, 260, 355}}

The next Shimun Patriarch was likely [[Yahballaha IV]], who was elected in 1577 or 1578 and died within two years before seeking or obtaining confirmation from Rome.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=23}} According to Tisserant, problems posed by the "Nestorian" traditionalists and the Ottoman authorities prevented any earlier election of a successor to Abdisho.{{sfn|Tisserant|1931|p=230}} David Wilmshurst and [[Heleen Murre]] believe that, in the period between 1570 and the patriarchal election of Yahballaha, he or another of the same name was looked on as Patriarch.{{sfn|Murre van den Berg|1999|pp=252–253}} Yahballaha's successor, [[Shimun IX Dinkha]] (1580–1600), who moved away from Turkish rule to [[Salmas]] on [[Lake Urmia]] in Persia,{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|p=114}} was officially confirmed by the Pope in 1584.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|pp=23–24}} There are theories that he appointed his nephew, [[Shimun X Eliyah]] (1600–38) as his successor, but others argue that his election was independent of any such designation.{{sfn|Murre van den Berg|1999|pp=252–253}} Regardless, from then until the 21st century the Shimun line employed a hereditary system of succession – the rejection of which was part of the reason for the creation of that line in the first place.

=== Two Nestorian patriarchs ===
[[File:Rabban Hormizd Monastery - view from below (1).jpg|thumb|The ancient [[Rabban Hormizd Monastery]], former residence of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East.]]

The next Eliya Patriarch, [[Eliya VII]] (VIII) (1591–1617), negotiated on several occasions with the Catholic Church, in 1605, 1610 and 1615–16, but without final resolution.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=24}} This likely alarmed Shimun X, who in 1616 sent to Rome a profession of faith that Rome found unsatisfactory, and another in 1619, which also failed to win him official recognition.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=24}} Wilmshurst says it was this Shimun Patriarch who reverted to the "old faith" of Nestorianism,{{sfn|Murre van den Berg|1999|pp=252–253}}{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=352}} leading to a shift in allegiances that won for the Eliya line control of the lowlands and of the highlands for the Shimun line. Further negotiations between the Eliya line and the Catholic Church were cancelled during the Patriarchal tenure of [[Eliya VIII]] (IX) (1617–60).{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|pp=24–25}}

The next two Shimun patriarchs, [[Shimun XI Eshuyow]] (1638–56) and [[Shimun XII Yoalaha]] (1656–62), wrote to the Pope in 1653 and 1658, according to Wilmshurst, while Heleen Murre speaks only of 1648 and 1653. Wilmshurst says Shimun XI was sent the [[pallium]], though Heleen Murre argues official recognition was given to neither. A letter suggests that one of the two was removed from office (presumably by Nestorian traditionalists) for pro-Catholic leanings: Shimun XI according to Heleen Murre, probably Shimun XII according to Wilmshurst.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=25}}{{sfn|Murre van den Berg|1999|pp=252–253}}

[[Eliya IX]] (X) (1660–1700) was a "vigorous defender of the traditional [Nestorian] faith",{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=25}} and simultaneously the next Shimun patriarch, [[Shimun XIII Dinkha]] (1662–1700), definitively broke with the Catholic Church. In 1670, he gave a traditionalist reply to an approach that was made from Rome, and by 1672 all connections with the Pope were ended.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=25, 316}}{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|pp=114, 118, 174–175}} There were then two traditionalist patriarchal lines, the senior Eliya line in [[Alqosh]], and the junior Shimun line in [[Qochanis]].{{sfn|Murre van den Berg|1999|pp=235–264}}

=== The Josephite line ===
As the Shimun line "gradually returned to the traditional worship of the Church of the East, thereby losing the allegiance of the western regions",{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|pp=24, 352}} it moved from Turkish-controlled territory to [[Urmia]] in [[Iran|Persia]]. The bishopric of [[Amid]] ([[Diyarbakır]]), the original headquarters of Shimun Sulaqa, became subject to the Alqosh patriarch. In 1667 or 1668, Bishop [[Joseph I (Chaldean Patriarch)|Joseph]] of that see converted to the Catholic faith. In 1677, he obtained from the Turkish authorities recognition as holding independent power in Amid and [[Mardin]], and in 1681 he was recognised by Rome as "Patriarch of the Chaldean nation deprived of its Patriarch" (Amid patriarchate). Thus was instituted the Josephite line, a third line of patriarchs and the sole Catholic one at the time.{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|pp=119, 174}} All Joseph I's successors took the name "Joseph". The life of this patriarchate was difficult: the leadership was continually vexed by traditionalists, while the community struggled under the tax burden imposed by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] authorities.

In 1771, [[Eliya XI]] (XII) and his designated successor (the future [[Eliya XII]] (XIII) Isho{{transliteration|ar|DIN|ʿ}}yahb) made a profession of faith that was accepted by Rome, thus establishing communion. By then, acceptance of the Catholic position was general in the [[Mosul]] area. When [[Eliya XI]] (XII) died in 1778, [[Eliya XII]] (XIII) made a renewed profession of Catholic faith and was recognised by Rome as Patriarch of Mosul, but in May 1779 renounced that profession in favor of the traditional faith. His younger cousin [[Yohannan VIII Hormizd|Yohannan Hormizd]] was locally elected to replace him in 1780, but for various reasons was recognised by Rome only as Metropolitan of Mosul and Administrator of the Catholics of the Alqosh party, having the powers of a patriarch but not the title or insignia. When [[Joseph IV (Chaldean Patriarch)|Joseph IV]] of the Amid Patriarchate resigned in 1780, Rome likewise made his nephew, [[Joseph V Augustine Hindi|Augustine Hindi]], whom he wished to be his successor, not patriarch but administrator. No one held the title of Chaldean Catholic patriarch for the next 47 years.

=== Consolidation of patriarchal lines ===
{{main|Chaldean Catholic Church|Assyrian Church of the East}}

When [[Eliya XII]] (XIII) died in 1804, the Nestorian branch of the Eliya line died with him.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=263}}{{sfn|Hage|2007|p=473}} With most of his subjects won over to union with Rome by Hormizd, they did not elect a new traditionalist Patriarch. In 1830, Hormizd was finally recognized as the [[Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Babylon|Chaldean Catholic Patriarch of Babylon]], marking the last remnant of the hereditary system within the Chaldean Catholic Church.

This also ended the rivalry between the senior Eliya line and the junior Shimun line, as [[Shimun XVI Yohannan]] (1780–1820) became the sole primate of the traditionalist Church of the East, "the legal successor of the initially [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Uniate]] patriarchate of the [Shimun] line".{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|pp=118, 120, 175}}{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|pp=316–319, 356}} In 1976, it adopted the name [[Assyrian Church of the East]],{{sfn|Joseph|2000|p=1}}{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|p=4}}<ref>[http://www.fredaprim.com/pdfs/2008/20080307a.pdf Fred Aprim, "Assyria and Assyrians Since the 2003 US Occupation of Iraq"]</ref> and its patriarchate remained hereditary until the death in 1975 of [[Shimun XXI Eshai]].

Accordingly, Joachim Jakob remarks that the original Patriarchate of the Church of the East (the Eliya line) entered into union with Rome and continues down to today in the form of the Chaldean [Catholic] Church,{{sfn|Jakob|2014|pp=100–101}} while the original Patriarchate of the Chaldean Catholic Church (the Shimun line) continues today in the Assyrian Church of the East.

==See also==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Ancient Church of the East]]
* [[Assyrian Genocide]]
* [[Chaldean Catholic Church]]
* [[Chaldean Syriac Church]]
* [[Saint Thomas Christians]]
* [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]
* [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]]
* [[Christianity in Eastern Arabia]]
* [[Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon (410)]]
* [[Dioceses of the Church of the East after 1552]]
* [[Dioceses of the Church of the East to 1318]]
* [[Dioceses of the Church of the East, 1318–1552]]
* [[List of patriarchs of the Church of the East]]
* [[Patriarchs of the Church of the East]]
* [[Schism of the Three Chapters]]
* [[Synod of Beth Lapat]]
* [[Synod of Diamper]]
* [[Syriac Christianity]]
* [[Syriac Orthodox Church]]
* [[Syro-Malabar Church]]
}}

== Explanatory notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== General and cited references ==
{{Refbegin|2}}
* {{Cite book|last=Aboona|first=Hirmis|author-link=Hirmis Aboona|title=Assyrians, Kurds, and Ottomans: Intercommunal Relations on the Periphery of the Ottoman Empire|year=2008|location=Amherst|publisher=Cambria Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AdZfWpd4YrYC|isbn=9781604975833}}
* {{Cite book|last=Assemani|first=Giuseppe Simone|author-link=Giuseppe Simone Assemani|title=Bibliotheca orientalis clementino-vaticana|year=1719|volume=1|location=Roma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TMxbAAAAcAAJ}}
* {{Cite book|last=Assemani|first=Giuseppe Simone|author-link=Giuseppe Simone Assemani|title=Bibliotheca orientalis clementino-vaticana|year=1721|volume=2|location=Roma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5SBsaOUj604C}}
* {{Cite book|last=Assemani|first=Giuseppe Simone|author-link=Giuseppe Simone Assemani|title=Bibliotheca orientalis clementino-vaticana|year=1725|volume=3|issue=1|location=Roma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u71JAAAAcAAJ}}
* {{Cite book|last=Assemani|first=Giuseppe Simone|author-link=Giuseppe Simone Assemani|title=Bibliotheca orientalis clementino-vaticana|year=1728|volume=3|issue=2|location=Roma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pb1JAAAAcAAJ}}
* {{Cite book|last=Assemani|first=Giuseppe Luigi|author-link=Giuseppe Luigi Assemani|title=De catholicis seu patriarchis Chaldaeorum et Nestorianorum commentarius historico-chronologicus|year=1775|location=Roma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_CQ-CWsHqTgC}}
* {{Cite book|last=Assemani|first=Giuseppe Luigi|author-link=Giuseppe Luigi Assemani|title=History of the Chaldean and Nestorian patriarchs|year=2004|location=Piscataway, New Jersey|publisher=Gorgias Press}}
* {{Cite book|last=Badger|first=George Percy|author-link=George Percy Badger|title=The Nestorians and Their Rituals|year=1852|volume=1|location=London|publisher=Joseph Masters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JOPWPqa0aH8C}}
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* {{Cite book|last=Reinink|first=Gerrit J.|chapter=Edessa Grew Dim and Nisibis Shone Forth: The School of Nisibis at the Transition of the Sixth-Seventh Century|title=Centres of Learning: Learning and Location in Pre-modern Europe and the Near East|year=1995|location=Leiden|publisher=Brill|pages=77–89|isbn=9004101934|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3_J7rbzsVeMC}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Reinink|first=Gerrit J.|title=Tradition and the Formation of the 'Nestorian' Identity in Sixth- to Seventh-Century Iraq|journal=Church History and Religious Culture|year=2009|volume=89|number=1–3|pages=217–250|doi=10.1163/187124109X407916|jstor=23932289}}
* {{Cite book|last=Roberson|first=Ronald|title=The Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief Survey|year=1999|orig-date=1986|edition=6th|location=Roma|publisher=Orientalia Christiana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b-8kAQAAIAAJ|isbn=9788872103210}}
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* {{Cite book|last=Saeki|first=Peter Yoshiro|author-link=Peter Yoshiro Saeki|title=The Nestorian Documents and Relics in China|year=1937|location=Tokyo|publisher=Academy of oriental culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUYaAAAAMAAJ}}
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* {{Cite journal|last=Tfinkdji|first=Joseph|title=L' église chaldéenne catholique autrefois et aujourd'hui|journal=Annuaire Pontifical Catholique|year=1914|volume=17|pages=449–525}}
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* {{Cite journal|last=Vosté|first=Jacques Marie|title=Missio duorum fratrum Melitensium O. P. in Orientem saec. XVI et relatio, nunc primum edita, eorum quae in istis regionibus gesserunt|journal=Analecta Ordinis Praedicatorum|year=1925|volume=33|issue=4|pages=261–278|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HiLxoQEACAAJ}}
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* {{Cite journal|last=Vosté|first=Jacques Marie|title=Les inscriptions de Rabban Hormizd et de N.-D. des Semences près d'Alqoš (Iraq)|journal=Le Muséon|year=1930|volume=43|pages=263–316|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jaBFAQAAIAAJ}}
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{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Wikisource portal|Church of the East}}

{{Syriac Christianity}}
{{Patriarchs of the Church of the East}}
{{Dioceses of the Church of the East}}
{{Eastern Christianity footer}}
{{Ecumenical councils}}
{{History of Christianity}}
{{Christianity footer}}
{{Assyrian topics}}
{{Demographics of Turkey}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Church of the East| ]]

Vivekananda Pally

2026-03-17T16:03:37Z

JaimieCarrigan: put up new post

{{short description|Ward in West Bengal, India}}
{{Unreferenced|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vivekananda Pally
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Colony/Ward
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.1209035|N|88.2012919|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]]
| established_title = 
| nickname =
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 21
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 712134
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 03213
| registration_plate =
| website =
}}

'''Vivekananda Pally''' is a [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|Ward]] of [[Boinchi]] that is located in North-west of this town.

==Education==
This colony has a primary school named Batika Battala Primary School.

==Surroundings==
The colony is a part of [[Boinchi]]. In north, there is Momrejpur and Tailokopa is in the west.

==Festivals==
The main festival of this colony is [[Durga Puja]]. It is started in 2005.{{fact|date=August 2025}}
[[File:Durga Puja.jpeg|thumb|left|Durga Puja]]

==Transport==
[[Bainchi railway station]] is the nearest rail station of Vivekananda Pally. It is 1 km from the colony. [[Boinchi]]-[[Kalna City|Kalna]] Road passes thorough the east of the colony.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Hooghly district]]

Bollywood (disambiguation)

2026-03-17T15:56:50Z

JaimieCarrigan: Starting new info v1

{{wiktionary|Bollywood}}

'''[[Bollywood]]''' is a colloquial term for Hindi cinema.

'''Bollywood''' may also refer to:

* [[Cinema of India]] in general
* [[Bollywood (tree)]], any of a number of trees
*[[Bollywood (song)|"Bollywood" (song)]], 2010 single by Liz Phair
* [[MBC Bollywood|MBC ''Bollywood'']], a channel of the Dubai-based Middle East Broadcasting Centre with a focus on Bollywood films
* [[Bollywood Film Festival]], an annual film festival of Prague, Czechia

==See also==
{{canned search|bollywood}}
* {{srt|Bollywood}}
* ''[[Bollywood/Hollywood]]'', a 2002 Canadian film
* [[Bollywood & Beyond (disambiguation)]]
* [[Tollywood (disambiguation)]], including cinema of India
* [[Kollywood (disambiguation)]], including cinema of India
* [[Pollywood (disambiguation)]], including cinema of India
* [[Mollywood (disambiguation)]], including cinema of India
* [[Hollywood (disambiguation)]]
* [[Nollywood (disambiguation)]]
* [[Bolly (disambiguation)]]
* [[Wood (disambiguation)]]

{{dab}}

Cold Start (military doctrine)

2026-03-16T21:47:42Z

JaimieCarrigan: updated

{{Short description|Military doctrine of India}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}

'''Cold Start''' is a [[military doctrine]] that was developed by the [[Indian Armed Forces]] for use in a possible war with [[Pakistan]].<ref name="southasiaanalysisgroup1">{{cite web|url=http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/%5Cpapers10%5Cpaper991.html |title=India's New 'Cold Start' War Doctrine Strategically Reviewed |work=South Asia Analysis Group |date=4 May 2004 |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002230800/http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/papers10/paper991.html |archivedate=2 October 2011 }}</ref> It involves the various branches of India's military conducting offensive operations as part of unified [[battlegroup (army)|battlegroups]]. The doctrine is intended to allow India's conventional forces to perform [[Military deception|holding attacks]] to prevent a nuclear retaliation from Pakistan in case of a conflict.<ref name="belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu">Walter C. Ladwig III {{cite web|url=http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/17972/cold_start_for_hot_wars_the_indian_armys_new_limited_war_doctrine.html |title=A Cold Start for Hot Wars? The Indian Army's New Limited War Doctrine|work=International Security |volume=32 |issue=3 |date=Winter 2007–2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatogether.org/2004/may/fah-coldstart.htm |title=The Calculus of 'Cold Start' |work=India Together |date=May 2004}}</ref> The first [[XVII Corps (India)#Integrated Battle Groups|Integrated Battle Group]] has been structured as of August 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/armys-first-integrated-battle-groups-to-be-structured-by-end-of-next-month/article28739575.ece|title=Army's first Integrated Battle Groups to be structured by end of next month|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2019-07-28|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-08-22|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Origins==
India's defence strategy from 1974 was, in the words of former Defence Minister [[George Fernandes]], "a non-aggressive, non-provocative defense policy",<ref name=Ladwig159>{{cite journal|last=Ladwig|first=Walter|title=A Cold Start for Hot Wars?: The Indian Army's New Limited War Doctrine|journal=International Security|date=Winter 2007–2008|volume= 32|issue= 3|pages=158–190, 159|url=http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/IS3203_pp158-190.pdf|accessdate=16 January 2013|doi=10.1162/isec.2008.32.3.158|s2cid=17643194}}</ref> centred on "holding corps" to halt hostile advances. In response to the terrorist [[2001 Indian Parliament attack|attack on the Indian Parliament in 2001]], India [[2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff|initiated a full mobilisation]]. Taking almost a month, the slow mobilisation demonstrated the weakness of India's policy. The long mobilisation time resulted in sufficient international pressure to prevent India from conducting a retaliatory strike.

===Sundarji Doctrine (1981–2004)===
The Sundarji Doctrine was made up of seven defensive "holding corps" of the Indian Army and deployed near the Pakistani border. Possessing limited offensive power, the holding corps' primary responsibility was to check a Pakistani advance.<ref name=Ladwig160>{{cite journal|last=Ladwig|first=Walter|title=A Cold Start for Hot Wars?: The Indian Army's New Limited War Doctrine|journal=International Security|date=Winter 2007–2008|volume= 32|issue= 3|pages=158–190, 160|url=http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/IS3203_pp158-190.pdf|accessdate=16 January 2013|doi=10.1162/isec.2008.32.3.158|s2cid=17643194}}</ref> India's offensive potency was derived from the "strike corps", which were made up of a mechanised infantry and extensive artillery support. "Unlike the holding corps that was deployed close to the border", argues Walter Ladwig of the University of Oxford, "the strike corps was based in central India, a significant distance from the international border. In a war, after the holding corps halted a Pakistani attack, the strike corps would counterattack, penetrating deep into Pakistani territory to destroy the Pakistan Army's own strike corps through 'deep sledgehammer blows' in a high-intensity battle of attrition".<ref name=Ladwig160/>

However, the limitation of the Sundarji doctrine was exposed on 13 December 2001, when five Pakistani terrorists attacked the Indian Parliament. Twelve people, including the five gunmen, were killed and 22 were injured. India suspected [[Kashmir|Pakistan]]-based militant groups were behind the attack because just two months earlier, a similar assault had been carried out by the [[Jaish-e-Mohammad]] on the Kashmir State Assembly. India received credible evidence that militant groups [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] and [[Jaish-e-Mohammad]] were behind the attack, prompting India to initiate [[Operation Parakram]], the largest activation of its forces since the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War.<ref name=Ladwig161>{{cite journal|last=Ladwig|first=Walter|title=A Cold Start for Hot Wars?: The Indian Army's New Limited War Doctrine|journal=International Security|date=Winter 2007–2008|volume=32|issue=3|pages=158–190, 161|url=http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/IS3203_pp158-190.pdf|accessdate=16 January 2013|doi=10.1162/isec.2008.32.3.158|s2cid=17643194}}</ref>

It took the Indian strike corps three weeks to get to the international border. During that time, Pakistan was able to counter-mobilise and allow for intervening powers, the United States in particular, to become intermediaries to the conflict. Urging India to restrain, the American Ambassador to India, [[Robert Blackwill]], demanded for India to wait until President [[Pervez Musharraf]] delivered a speech that would address the crisis. Musharraf's speech was quick to denounce terrorism generally, specifically militant groups operating in Kashmir, and promised a crackdown. "As a result of Musharraf's declaration, by the time the [Indian] strike corps reached the border region, India's political justification for military action had been significantly reduced," Walter C. Ladwig maintained.<ref name=Ladwig162>{{cite journal|last=Ladwig|first=Walter|title=A Cold Start for Hot Wars?: The Indian Army's New Limited War Doctrine|journal=International Security|date=Winter 2007–2008|volume=32|issue=3|pages=158–190, 162|url=http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/IS3203_pp158-190.pdf|accessdate=16 January 2013|doi=10.1162/isec.2008.32.3.158|s2cid=17643194}}</ref>

Indian military strategists came to the conclusion that the Sundarji Doctrine was flawed. It was too inflexible to respond to terrorist attacks or other indirect challenges for three reasons:

* The strike corps was too big and too far away from the international border, making it difficult to deploy in a timely fashion.
* The long duration needed to mobilise the strike corps prevented strategic surprise, allowing Pakistan plenty of time to counter-mobilise.
* The holding corps' lack of offensive power along the international border prevented it from engaging in significant offensives.<ref name=Ladwig163>{{cite journal|last=Ladwig|first=Walter|title=A Cold Start for Hot Wars?: The Indian Army's New Limited War Doctrine|journal=International Security|date=Winter 2007–2008|volume= 32|issue= 3|pages=158–190, 163|url=http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/IS3203_pp158-190.pdf|accessdate=16 January 2013|doi=10.1162/isec.2008.32.3.158|s2cid=17643194}}</ref>

===Doctrine development===
[[Image:Arjun MBT bump track test.JPG|right|thumb|200px|[[Arjun MBT]] conducting driving test on sand berms.]]

The development of the doctrine represented a significant change in Indian defence planning. Exercises aimed at reducing mobilisation time and improved [[network-centric warfare]] capabilities have contributed to the development of the doctrine. Despite its advances, the doctrine remains in the experimental stage.<ref name="belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu"/>

Drawing on the experience of the 1967 [[Six-Day War]] as well as the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]], Indian defence planners envisioned a new doctrine that would involve limited, rapid armoured thrusts, with infantry and necessary air support.<ref name="southasiaanalysisgroup1"/>

As per Cold Start promulgation, offensive operations could begin within 48 hours after orders had been issued. Such a limited response time would enable Indian forces to surprise their Pakistani counterparts. Operations would involve armoured spearheads, launched from forward positions in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Rajasthan]].

The plan emphasises speed and overwhelming firepower: armored formations and accompanying infantry would advance into eastern Pakistan, with limited goals in terms of distance and in terms of duration. The plan reportedly has a significant air support component. From the Indian perspective, the plan has the added virtue of accentuating Pakistani discomfiture and angst, which theoretically has some deterrent value.

==India's stance==
India denies the Cold Start strategy. Quoting the Indian Army chief: "There is nothing called 'Cold Start'. As part of our overall strategy we have a number of contingencies and options, depending on what the aggressor does. In the recent years, we have been improving our systems with respect to mobilization, but our basic military posture is defensive".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/no-cold-start-doctrine-india-tells-us/679273/ |title=No Cold Start Doctrine, India Tells US |work=The Indian Express |date=9 September 2010}}</ref>

In January 2011, while speaking to the media in the run-up to Army Day, [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Army chief General]] [[VK Singh]] came closer than any other government official in describing the widely speculated Indian war doctrine, popularly referred to as Cold Start: "There is nothing like Cold Start. But we have a 'proactive strategy' which takes steps in a proactive manner so that we can achieve what our doctrines and strategies".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://business-standard.com/india/news/army-able-to-launch-faster-response-against-pakistan/461692/ |title=Army Able To Launch Faster Response Against Pakistan |work=Business Standard|date=13 January 2012|last1=Shukla |first1=Ajai }}</ref>

Former [[Minister of Defence (India)|Indian Defence Minister]] [[Jaswant Singh]] has denied the existence of the doctrine: "There is no Cold Start doctrine. No such thing. It was an off-the-cuff remark from a former chief of staff. I have been defense minister of the country. I should know".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/09/05/race_to_the_end |title=Race to the End |work=Foreign Policy |date=5 September 2012}}</ref>

Despite such assertions, in recent years, the Indian Army has conducted a series of major combat exercises, including the 2018 'Brahmashira' exercise by the 2 'Kharga' Strike Corps in Rajasthan,<ref>{{cite news |title=Army conducts military training exercise 'Brahmashira' in Rajasthan |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/army-conducts-military-training-exercise-brahmashira-in-rajasthan/articleshow/47042976.cms |newspaper=Economic Times |date=11 July 2018 |accessdate=21 May 2020}}</ref> to practice "swift multiple offensives deep into enemy territory" under its "Pro-Active Conventional War Strategy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Army-chief-General-Suhag-says-India-needs-to-be-ready-for-short-wars/articleshow/48765472.cms |title=Army chief General Suhag says India needs to be ready for short wars |work=The Times of India|date=2 September 2015}}</ref>

On 6 January 2017, Army Chief General [[Bipin Rawat]] acknowledged the existence of this doctrine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/interview/story/20170116-lt-general-bipin-rawat-surgical-strikes-indian-army-985527-2017-01-04|title=We will cross again|first=Sandeep|last=Unnithan|date=January 4, 2017|website=India Today|accessdate=18 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/01/a-slip-of-the-tongue-on-indias-once-hyped-cold-start-doctrine/|title=A Slip of the Tongue on India's Once-Hyped 'Cold Start' Doctrine?|first=Ankit|last=Panda|website=The Diplomat|accessdate=18 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2017/01/31/what-is-indias-cold-start-military-doctrine|title=What is India's "Cold Start" military doctrine?|date=31 January 2017|accessdate=18 January 2019|newspaper=The Economist|url-access=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/special/why-gen-rawat-alerted-the-world-to-cold-start/20170114.htm|title=Why General Rawat alerted the world to Cold Start|website=Rediff|accessdate=18 January 2019}}</ref>

==Pakistan's response==
{{See also|Nuclear doctrine of Pakistan}}

The [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] of the [[Pakistan Armed Forces|Pakistani military]] declared 2010 the "Year of Training" and conducted a large-scale joint-military exercise, Azm-e-Nau–III, which focused on offensive defence against Cold Start. The military also tested the [[Nasr (missile)|Nasr]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/NASRADisadvantageforPakistan_ebhearne_140711 |title=NASR: A Disadvantage for Pakistan|work=IDSA |date=19 August 2011}}</ref> a nuclear-capable [[tactical ballistic missile]] from the family of Hatf-IX missiles with a purported range of 60 km, a high accuracy and a [[shoot-and-scoot]] delivery system. The Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses stated that the development of the Nasr indicates that Pakistan views Cold Start with concern and that the missile was meant to deter India's implementation of the doctrine. It added that the net result would be "further nuclear impact(s) on India's territory".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://idsa.in/idsacomments/MakingSenseofNasr_aahmed_240411 |title=Making Sense of 'Nasr' |work=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |date=24 April 2011}}</ref>

==Validation==
In May 2011, India launched Operation Vijayee Bhava ("Be Victorious"), a defence exercise involving 50,000 troops<ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/exercise-vijayee-bhava-transform-army-more-agile-force-103620797.html |title=Exercise 'Vijayee Bhava' to Transform Army into More Agile Force |work=ANI |date=12 May 2011}}</ref> in [[Bikaner]] and [[Suratgarh]] near the [[Indo-Pakistani border|border with Pakistan]] to boost the [[combined arms|synergy]] between the various branches of the [[Indian Armed Forces|armed forces]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/exercise-vijayee-bhava-boost-synergy-between-armed-forces-105205242.html |title=Exercise 'Vijayee Bhava' to Boost Synergy Between Armed Forces |work=ANI |date=9 May 2011}}</ref>

The main objective of the operation was to cut down the mobilisation time of the military, which took 27 days to mobilise during [[Operation Parakram]]. The Indian Army confirmed that the exercise was successful by reducing mobilisation time drastically to 48 hours.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_army-mobilisation-time-48-hours_1543679 |title=Army Mobilisation Time: 48 Hours |work=DNA |date=16 May 2011}}</ref>

In July 2011, India tested the [[Prahaar (missile)|Prahaar]], a new solid-fuel tactical ballistic missile with a range of 150 km<ref>{{cite web|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/NAT-IRS-india-conducts-first-test-launch-of-short-range-ballistic-missile-prahar-2281389.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709181802/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/NAT-IRS-india-conducts-first-test-launch-of-short-range-ballistic-missile-prahar-2281389.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 July 2012 |title=India Conducts First Test Launch of Short-Range Ballistic Missile 'Prahaar' |work=IANS |date=21 July 2011}}</ref> designed to provide invading Indian Army battle groups with lethal fire support.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/armys-cold-start-doctrine-gets-teeth/443539/ |title=Army's 'Cold Start' Doctrine Gets Teeth |work=Business Standard|date=22 July 2011|last1=Shukla |first1=Ajai }}</ref>

Later that year, the Indian Army conducted its largest war games in the last two decades, Operation Sudarshan Shakti, under the [[Southern Command (India)|Southern Command]] Headquarters, to revalidate its Cold Start doctrine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/%5Cpapers49%5Cpaper4809.html |title=Indian Army Exercise Sudershan Shakti: Revalidation of Cold Start War Doctrine |work=South Asia Analysis Group |date=10 December 2011 |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104045741/http://southasiaanalysis.org/papers49/paper4809.html |archivedate=4 January 2012}}</ref> The desert exercise was based on the Integrated Theatre Battle concept, with various defence wings and military elements being required to participating in a single cohesive format during war.<ref name="mid-day.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2011/dec/011211-pune-Exercise-Sudarshan-Shakti-Army-tests-new-weapons.htm |title=Exercise Sudarshan Shakti: Army Tests New Weapons |work=Mid Day |date=1 December 2011}}</ref>

The focus of Sudarshan Shakti was to practice synergy and integration between ground and air forces. Nearly 60,000 troops and 500 armoured vehicles, including [[T-72]], [[T-90]] and [[Arjun (tank)|Arjun]] [[main battle tank]]s, carried out simulated assaults on their objectives, with support from artillery and the [[Indian Air Force]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111207/jsp/nation/story_14848694.jsp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203182056/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111207/jsp/nation/story_14848694.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2013 |title=In Fog of Desert, Mission to Reshape Army |work=The Telegraph (Calcutta) |date=7 December 2011 |location=Calcutta, India |first=Sujan |last=Dutta}}</ref>

The Indian military has also tested newly inducted radars, [[unmanned aerial vehicle]]s, surveillance systems, precision guided bombs, missiles, space-based assets and real-time data-sharing between elements.<ref name="mid-day.com"/>

==Criticism==
The Cold Start doctrine has invited criticism from Pakistani media and former generals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurasiareview.com/29102011-india-toying-with-dangerous-cold-start-war-doctrine-analysis/ |title=India Toying with Dangerous Cold Start War Doctrine |work=Eurasia Review |date=29 October 2011}}</ref> They claim that although the doctrine was designed to punish Pakistan in a limited manner without triggering nuclear retaliation, the Indian Army cannot be sure if Pakistan's leadership will actually refrain from such a response.<ref name="guardian1">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/248971 |title=India 'Unlikely' To Deploy Cold Start Against Pakistan |work=The Guardian |date=30 November 2010 |location=London}}</ref>

Criticism of the doctrine by [[Timothy J. Roemer]], US Ambassador to India from 2009 to 2011, was revealed in a [[United States diplomatic cables leak|leaked cable]].<ref name=text>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/wikileaks-indias-cold-start-mix-of-myth-reality/136261-53.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150322032729/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/wikileaks-indias-cold-start-mix-of-myth-reality/136261-53.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 March 2015|title=WikiLeaks: India's Cold Start mix of myth, reality|work=IBNLive|accessdate=16 February 2016}}</ref> Roemer gave a detailed explanation of the doctrine as well as several facts that he believed raised questions about the actual application of doctrine. He raised questions about India's willingness to pursue the option, including the decision not to implement the doctrine after the deadly [[2008 Mumbai attacks]].<ref name="guardian1"/> Some of the claims that he made were that India would likely encounter "mixed results",<ref name="guardian1"/> that Cold Start is "a mixture of myth and reality"<ref name=text/> and that "the value of the doctrine to the GOI (Government of India) may lie more in the plan’s existence than in any real world application".<ref name=text/>

Walter Ladwig has suggested that a host of factors, including the terrain, the favorable deployment of Pakistani forces, and a lack of strategic surprise in the most likely conflict scenarios, would mitigate whatever mobilization advantages India may be gaining by its experimentation with Cold Start.<ref name="Ladwig2">Walter C. Ladwig III {{cite web|url= http://www.walterladwig.com/Articles/Conventional%20Deterrence%20in%20South%20Asia.pdf |title= Indian Military Modernization and Conventional Deterrence in South Asia |work= Journal of Strategic Studies |volume=38 |issue=5 |date=2015}}</ref>

==2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks==
By intelligence intercepts and analysis carried out during the 2008 Mumbai attacks, Indian planners had assessed that the ongoing attack was likely a deliberate attempt by the terrorist organisation [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] to provoke an Indian military strike on Pakistan, the objective being to entice other Islamist Pakistani militant groups that were engaged in armed conflict with the Pakistani state to redirect their attacks away from the Pakistani state and instead unify against an external threat, India.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Greg |last1=Miller|first2=Emily|last2= Wax|title=Indian report accuses Pakistan's intelligence service of significant role in Mumbai siege|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/19/AR2010101907356.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|accessdate=2 December 2012|date=20 October 2010}}</ref> Consequently, to defeat the strategic goals of the Pakistani planners of the Mumbai massacre, India decided to hold off launching a punitive military strike on Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news|title=The New Delhi Bombing: Is There a Pakistani Link?|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2092252,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908155632/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2092252,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 September 2011|access-date=2 December 2012|newspaper=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=7 September 2011}}</ref> That assessment was later verified by interrogations and court testimony of one of the planners of the massacre, David Headley (half-Pakistani, half-American), while he was in custody of US and Indian authorities.<ref>{{cite book|title=United States District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division, No. 09 CR 830-3, Plea Agreement, United States of America vs. David Coleman Headley|date=18 March 2010|pages=1–2}}</ref>

==Impact==
In a manner similar to the way that the US [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] impacted the economy of the [[Soviet Union]] during the [[Cold War]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wais.stanford.edu/History/history_ussrandreagan.htm |title=The Collapse of the Soviet Union and Ronald Reagan |work=World Association of International Studies}}</ref> the threat of the Cold Start doctrine and the increase in the Indian defence budget from $24 billion to $40 billion between 2007 and 2009 both apparently prompted the Pakistan government to increase its defence budget sharply to 32% of their federal government's net revenue receipts, further increasing the strain on that country's already-tenuous economy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newslinemagazine.com/2011/07/pakistans-defence-budget-cloaked-in-secrecy/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130419062229/http://www.newslinemagazine.com/2011/07/pakistans-defence-budget-cloaked-in-secrecy/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 April 2013 |title=Pakistan's Defence Budget: Cloaked in Secrecy |work=Newsline |date=27 July 2011 }}</ref> In 2009, financial constraints on budget and the effects on national economy made the Pakistani government officials to begin working on the database program that it called "[[Threat Matrix (database)|Threat Matrix]]", which was revealed in 2013 during a press conference.

== Further development ==
In November 2025, the Indian Armed Forces undertook the [[Exercise Trishul|Tri Service Exercise (TSE) Trishul]]. The broader set of exercises involved Exercise Akhand Prahaar between the Indian Army and Air Force. During these exercises, the newer [[Indian Army#Rudra all-arms brigades|Rudra Brigade]] under the [[XII Corps (India)|Konark Corps]] of the [[Southern Command (India)|Southern Command]] was operationally validated.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2025-11-17 |title=Rudra may change how Army operates: Upgrade likely from ‘Cold Start’ to ‘Cold Strike’ doctrine |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rudra-may-change-how-army-operates/articleshow/125374266.cms |access-date=2025-11-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-11-13 |title=What is Operation Akhand Prahar? RUDRA Brigade's 'Prachand' manoeuvres signal a new era for Indian defence |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/what-is-operation-akhand-prahar-rudra-brigades-prachand-manoeuvres-signal-a-new-era-for-indian-defence/articleshow/125269853.cms |access-date=2025-11-20 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2025-11-17 |title=Rudra brigade revolution: How this new formation could transform the way Indian Army fights its enemies |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/rudra-brigade-revolution-how-this-new-formation-could-transform-the-way-the-indian-army-fights-its-enemies/articleshow/125385300.cms |access-date=2025-11-20 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> With the operationalisation of these brigades, the Army reportedly plans to upgrade its Cold Start military doctrine to '''"Cold Strike''' '''Doctrine"'''. The term was coined by a retired Army officer, [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]] A B Shivane<ref>{{Cite web |title=From doctrine to dominance: Do Rudra, Bhairav, Divyastra mark India’s Cold Strike moment? |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/defence/2025/08/14/from-doctrine-to-dominance-do-rudra-bhairav-divyastra-mark-indias-cold-strike-moment.html |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref> and later used by the commanding officer of Southern Command, Lieutenant General [[Dhiraj Seth]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=India now ready for Cold Strike? Indian Army's Rudra Brigade validates the ability to hit hard and fast |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/defence/2025/11/12/india-now-ready-for-cold-strike-indian-armys-rudra-brigade-validates-the-ability-to-hit-hard-and-fast.html |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

==See also==
*[[Indian Armed Forces]]
*[[Nuclear Command Authority (India)]]
*[[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Sources==
* [http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/IS3203_pp158-190.pdf A Cold Start for Hot Wars? The Indian Army’s New Limited War Doctrine] by Walter C. Ladwig III
* [http://www.walterladwig.com/Articles/Conventional%20Deterrence%20in%20South%20Asia.pdf Indian Military Modernization and Conventional Deterrence in South Asia] by Walter C. Ladwig III
* [https://www.rbth.com/blogs/2015/03/16/how_indias_cold_start_is_making_the_world_a_safer_place_41995 How India’s Cold Start is making the world a safer place]
* [https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2017/05/07/csd-clear-and-present-danger/ CSD: Clear and Present Danger] by Muhammad Ali Baig

{{India topics|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Military doctrines]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan wars and conflicts]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan military relations]]

Osmani International Airport

2026-03-14T06:00:08Z

JaimieCarrigan: Improved readability and structure

{{Short description|International airport in Sylhet, Bangladesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Osmani International Airport, Sylhet
| nativename-a = {{nobold|{{lang|bn|ওসমানী আন্তর্জাতিক বিমানবন্দর, সিলেট}}}}
| image = Osmani International Airport Sylhet Night View 2025.jpg
| image-width =
| caption = Night view of Osmani International Airport
| IATA = ZYL
| ICAO = VGSY
| pushpin_map = Bangladesh
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of airport in Bangladesh
| pushpin_label = ZYL
| pushpin_label_position = right
| type = Public, military
| owner = [[Government of Bangladesh]]
| operator = [[Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh]]
| city-served = [[Sylhet]]
| location = Airport Rd, [[Sylhet]] 3101, [[Bangladesh]]
| hub = [[Biman Bangladesh Airlines]]
| focus_city =
*[[Air Astra]]
*[[Novoair]]
*[[US-Bangla Airlines]]
| elevation-f = 50
| elevation-m = 15
| coordinates = {{Coord|24|57|48|N|91|52|01|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}}
| website = [http://caab.gov.bd/airports/osmani.html oia.gov.bd]
| metric-elev =
| metric-rwy =
| r1-number = 11/29
| r1-length-f = 10,236
| r1-length-m = 3,120
| r1-surface = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]/Concrete
| stat-year = January – December 2022
| stat1-header = Passengers
| stat1-data = 634,031 {{increase}}
| stat2-header = Aircraft movements
| stat2-data =
| stat3-header = Cargo tonnage
| stat3-data =
| footnotes = Source:<ref>{{cite web |title=Bangladesh Air Traffic Movement: Passenger: Aerodrome: Osmani |url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/bangladesh/air-traffic-movement/air-traffic-movement-passenger-airport-osmani|access-date=22 February 2022}}</ref> Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh<ref>{{cite web |title=Aerodrome Information: Osmani Airport, Sylhet |work=[[Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh]] |url=http://www.caab.gov.bd/adinfo/adinfosyl3.html |access-date=16 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021202059/http://www.caab.gov.bd/adinfo/adinfosyl3.html |archive-date=21 October 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}
'''Osmani International Airport, Sylhet'''{{efn|{{langx|bn|ওসমানী আন্তর্জাতিক বিমানবন্দর, সিলেট|Osmani Antôrjatik Bimanbôndôr, Sileṭ}}, {{IPA|bn|ˈosmaˌniˑ ˈant̪ɔɾˌdʒat̪ik ˈbimanˌbɔnd̪ɔɾ, ˈsileʈ|IPA}}}} {{Airport codes|ZYL|VGSY}}, is the third largest airport in [[Bangladesh]] after [[Shahjalal International Airport|Dhaka]] and [[Shah Amanat International Airport|Chittagong]]. The airport is operated by the [[Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh|Civil Aviation Authority]] and is served by [[Biman Bangladesh Airlines]], the national airline, which at one point earned most of its revenue from this airport. Private airlines [[Novoair]] and [[US-Bangla Airlines]] operate domestic flights to [[Dhaka]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/2003/07/13/d30713070144.htm |title=Sylhet Osmani airport a nightmare for passengers |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|date=13 July 2003 |access-date=23 May 2007}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Apronsylhetairport1.jpg|thumb|Apron view]]
[[File:Osmaniairport2.jpg|thumb|Interior view]]
Osmani International Airport was built during the [[British India|British rule]] of the Indian Subcontinent, partly to check Japanese aggression from [[Burma]] {{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}. The airport was formerly known as Sylhet Civil Airport but was renamed after [[M. A. G. Osmani|General M A G Osmani]], Commander in Chief of Independence War of Bangladesh as well as of Muktijuddho, in 1971. {{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}

The airport was initially served by domestic flights from [[Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport|Shahjalal International Airport]] by the country's national airline Biman Bangladesh Airlines {{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}. After many years of lobbying by expatriates living in the UK, limited expansion of the airport was carried out to enable medium-sized aircraft, such as the [[Airbus A310]] used by Biman, to operate {{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}. The work was completed in October 2002 and the airport was designated an international airport by the government. {{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}. However, the airport was not up to international standards to be capable of fully accommodating international flights due to many shortcomings with the [[instrument landing system]] and [[Runway lighting#Lighting|runway lighting system]], and the designation was seen as a move to stave off pressure by the government.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}

Nevertheless, on 3 November 2002, the airport received its first international arrival {{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}. Biman flight BG020 from [[Kuwait]] via [[Abu Dhabi]] landed at 10:05 with 215 passengers en route to [[Dhaka]].<ref>{{cite news |date=22 November 2002 |title=Biman launches Kuwait-Sylhet flight |url=http://www.weeklyholiday.net/221102/avi.html |work=Aviatour |publisher=The Weekly Holiday |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050204172516/http://www.weeklyholiday.net/221102/avi.html |archive-date=4 February 2005}}</ref> The disembarking passengers on the inaugural flight were greeted by then Finance & Planning Minister, [[Saifur Rahman (Bangladeshi politician)|M Saifur Rahman]] and State Minister for Civil Aviation and Tourism, Mir Mohammad Nasiruddin {{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}. For a brief period, Biman also operated a direct service from [[London]] but was later re-routed via Dhaka.

Additional expansion of the runway and improvements to the runway lighting and airport facilities were commenced in 2004 to enable [[Wide-body aircraft|wide-bodied aircraft]] to safely land and takeoff from the airport.<ref name=CPTU731>{{cite web |url=http://www.cptu.gov.bd/ShowCADetail.aspx?CAID=731 |title=Development of Osmani International Airport |website=Central Procurement Technical Unit |date=April 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927102119/http://www.cptu.gov.bd/ShowCADetail.aspx?CAID=731 |archive-date=27 September 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name=SouthAsiaLogistics21429>{{cite web |url=http://www.southasialogistics.com/topnews.asp?id=21429&p=0 |title=Upgraded Osmani International Airport opens up for traffic |date=13 March 2006 |website=South Asia Logistics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928023526/http://www.southasialogistics.com/topnews.asp?id=21429&p=0 |archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref>

The South Asia Transport and Trade Facilitation Conference report of 2006 (by the [[United States Trade and Development Agency]]) noted that the development of the airport "up to the standards of [an] international airport" to "encourage private sector participation in air transport" was among projects under consideration by the government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu/digital/Research/AcademicPublications/AsiaTransportAnalysis.pdf |title=2006 South Asia Transport and Trade Facilitation Conference Briefing Book |date=11 October 2005 |publisher=US Trade and Development Agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221151012/http://mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu/digital/Research/AcademicPublications/AsiaTransportAnalysis.pdf |archive-date=21 February 2007}}</ref>

Work started in 2006 to upgrade the terminal facilities to enable handling of international flights {{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}. The improvements include construction of a new terminal building, two [[jetway]]s and a taxiway.<ref name=TheDailyStar040513>{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/2004/05/13/d40513070476.htm |title=Osmani Airport expansion work begins in July |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=13 May 2004}}</ref> In May 2007, the foreign affairs adviser, informed journalists that the works were on schedule for completion in June 2007.<ref name=CPTU909>{{cite web |url=http://www.cptu.gov.bd/ShowCADetail.aspx?CAID=909 |title=Construction work of Osmani International Airport contract |website=Central Procurement Technical Unit |date=April 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927102127/http://www.cptu.gov.bd/ShowCADetail.aspx?CAID=909 |archive-date=27 September 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> He also confirmed that Biman will be operating [[Hajj]] flights directly from the airport during the Hajj season later in 2007.<ref>{{cite news |date=12 May 2007 |title=Runway expansion at Osmani Airport nearing completion |url=http://www.newagebd.com/2007/may/12/front.html#26 |newspaper=New Age |agency=United News of Bangladesh (UNB) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615092705/http://www.newagebd.com/2007/may/12/front.html |archive-date=15 June 2009 |access-date=14 May 2007}}</ref> However, the runway expansion works had not been completed in June with the foreign affairs adviser indicating in August that "minor dressing work" still remained.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bangladeshmonitor.net/aviation_story.php?recordID=1049 |title=ZIA soon to get upgraded runway |newspaper=The Bangladesh Monitor |date=1 August 2007 |access-date=3 August 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071212040657/http://www.bangladeshmonitor.net/aviation_story.php?recordID=1049  |archive-date = 12 December 2007}}</ref> The work was finally finished in December 2008.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 December 2008 |title=Operation of wide-bodied planes starts in Sylhet today |url=http://www.newagebd.com/2008/dec/15/nat.html |newspaper=New Age |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711054709/http://www.newagebd.com/2008/dec/15/nat.html |archive-date=11 July 2010 |access-date=15 December 2008}}</ref>

In 2010, the decision was made to construct a refueling station. Construction work began in January 2012. In January 2014, the Project Director Aminul Haq stated that the project was 70% complete.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 January 2014 |title=International flights soon from Sylhet Osmani Airport |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2014/jan/27/international-flights-soon-sylhet-osmani-airport |newspaper=Dhaka Tribune}}</ref>

=== International flights ===

On 1 April 2015, [[Flydubai]] resumed foreign airline service to Sylhet with its flight from [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai–International]]. Flydubai's introduction of nonstop flights from [[Dubai]] became the first international flights to Sylhet since the airport's "international" designation 18 years prior {{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}. The service was operated through a [[codeshare agreement]] with Bangladeshi airline [[Regent Airways]]. However, because [[Biman Bangladesh Airlines]] had refused to provide [[aircraft ground handling|ground handling]] services, the route was cancelled the next day.<ref>{{cite news |author=Nahar Kamrun |date=4 May 2015 |title=Confusion crops up over granting of permission |url=https://today.thefinancialexpress.com.bd/public/last-page/confusion-crops-up-over-granting-of-permission |work=The Financial Express |location=Dhaka |access-date=20 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://today.thefinancialexpress.com.bd/public/last-page/foreign-carriers-yet-to-start-regular-direct-flights-to-sylhet |title=Foreign carriers yet to start regular direct flights to Sylhet |work=The Financial Express |location=Dhaka |date=28 May 2015 |access-date=20 January 2016}}</ref> Stranded passengers held a demonstration in response on 6 April 2015.<ref>{{cite news |title=Flight Cancellation at Sylhet Airport: Passengers hold demo |url=http://newagebd.net/109531/passengers-hold-demo/ |work=New Age |date=7 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521035043/http://newagebd.net/109531/passengers-hold-demo/ |archive-date=21 May 2016 |access-date=20 January 2016}}</ref> In November 2016, [[Flydubai]] decided to start its flight again from [[Sylhet]] to the Middle East. This flight was ended on 7 September 2018<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/279565/flydubai-closes-sylhet-bookings-from-sep-2018/|title=Flydubai closes Sylhet booking|work=Routesonnline}}</ref>

In November 2020, [[US-Bangla Airlines]] started operating flight to [[Muscat]], temporarily becoming the first Bangladeshi private airline to operate international flights from Sylhet.<ref name="ZYL-MCT">{{cite news |title=US-Bangla Airlines makes maiden flight on Sylhet-Muscat route |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/travel/news/us-bangla-airlines-makes-maiden-flight-sylhet-muscat-route-1996589 |access-date=9 January 2021 |work=The Daily Star |date=17 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref> However, as of 2023, the flight no longer runs, with US-Bangla only running direct flights to Dhaka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Domestic Destination: Sylhet|url=https://usbair.com/domestic-destination/sylhet|website=US-Bangla Air|access-date=7 August 2023|quote=US-Bangla Airlines operates direct flights to Sylhet from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Flights departing from other cities stop in transit at the {{sic}} Osmani International Airport.|language=en}}</ref>
On 12 November 2020, [[Biman Bangladesh Airlines]] started flights from Sylhet to Cox's Bazar, which was a first, a direct flight between two domestic airports without any connecting flight from Dhaka.<ref name="ZYL-CXB">{{cite news |title=Biman to launch Sylhet-Cox's Bazar flight from Nov 12 |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/nation/2020/11/10/biman-to-launch-sylhet-cox-s-bazar-flight-from-nov-12 |access-date=7 January 2021 |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=10 November 2020}}</ref>
Later, in March 2021, Biman started another direct flight between Chittagong and Sylhet, considering the demand of passengers for domestic tourism and commercial purposes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chattogram-Sylhet flight from March 17 for first time |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/132120/chattogram-sylhet-flight-from-march-17-for-first-time |access-date=9 March 2021 |work=New Age |language=en}}</ref>

After completion of runway strengthening works (2021), the long-standing demand for both outbound and inbound direct flights to and from the UK has been fulfilled. As of January 2022, Biman was operating 4 weekly roundtrip Dreamliner flights to London and 2 weekly roundtrip Dreamliner flights to Manchester from Sylhet. These flights all originate and terminate in Dhaka.

On October 24, 2022, Biman started operating a weekly flight from Sylhet non-stop to Jeddah. On November 1, 2022, Biman started operating a weekly flight from Sylhet non-stop to Sharjah. Both these flight originate in Dhaka and follow the same route on the way back the next day. There is also a weekly Biman flight to Dubai from Sylhet.

==Expansion and development==

In April 2020, a Chinese company, namely [[Beijing Urban Construction Group]] (BUCG), was appointed to construct a new terminal building including a cargo building, a modern equipped ATC tower, taxiway, apron and a modern fire station of the airport at a cost of {{BDTConvert|2116|c}} {{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}. After completion of the new terminal building, the airport's passenger capacity would be enhanced to 2 million per annum from the current capacity of 600,000 per annum. There will be six boarding bridges and thirty-six check in counters in the new terminal building.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:ওসমানী বিমানবন্দর নতুন টার্মিনাল নির্মাণ হবে ২১১৬ কোটি টাকায় |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/article/1651942/ |access-date=17 August 2020 |work=Prothom Alo |date=19 April 2020 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Deal signed for constructing new terminal building at Sylhet airport |url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/trade/deal-signed-for-constructing-new-terminal-building-at-sylhet-airport-1587311335 |access-date=17 August 2020 |work=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref> The expansion would be completed by December 2027.

==Airlines and destinations==
===Passenger===

{{Airport-dest-list|3rdcoltitle={{Abbr|Refs.|References}}|3rdcolunsortable=yes

|[[Air Astra]]|[[Shahjalal International Airport|Dhaka]]| <ref>{{cite news |title=Air Astra kicks off domestic flights today |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/economy/aviation/air-astra-kicks-domestic-flights-today-538126 |work=The Business Standard |date=24 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

|{{nowrap|[[Biman Bangladesh Airlines]]}}|[[Shah Amanat International Airport|Chattogram]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Biman to start flights on Chittagong-Sylhet route |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/03/08/biman-to-start-flights-on-chittagong-sylhet-route |access-date=9 March 2021 |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=8 March 2021}}</ref> [[Cox's Bazar Airport|Cox's Bazar]],<ref name="ZYL-CXB"/> [[Shahjalal International Airport|Dhaka]], [[Hamad International Airport|Doha]], [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai–International]], [[King Abdulaziz International Airport|Jeddah]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Biman starts Sylhet-Jeddah direct flight operation Monday |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/economy/aviation/biman-starts-sylhet-jeddah-direct-flight-operation-monday-518742 |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=The Business Standard |date=23 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref> [[Heathrow Airport|London–Heathrow]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Liu |first1=Jim |title=Biman Bangladesh Airlines S20 London routing changes as of 18DEC19 |url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/288243/biman-bangladesh-airlines-s20-london-routing-changes-as-of-18dec19/ |website=Routesonline |access-date=19 December 2019}}</ref> [[Manchester Airport|Manchester]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Liu |first1=Jim |title=Biman Bangladesh Airlines S20 Manchester service changes as of 11DEC19 |url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/288107/biman-bangladesh-airlines-s20-manchester-service-changes-as-of-11dec19/ |website=Routesonline |access-date=12 December 2019}}</ref> [[Prince Mohammad bin Abdulaziz International Airport|Medina]],<ref name="sd27Dec2023">{{cite web |script-title=bn:সিলেট-মদীনা সরাসরি ফ্লাইট শুরু হচ্ছে আজ |trans-title=Sylhet-Medina direct flight starting today |url=https://sylheterdak.com.bd/2023/12/86808/ |website=sylheterdak.com.bd |date=27 December 2023 |language=bn}}</ref> [[Sharjah Airport|Sharjah]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Biman to start Sylhet-Sharjah direct flights from Tuesday |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/economy/corporates/biman-start-sylhet-sharjah-direct-flights-tuesday-523362 |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=The Business Standard |date=31 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>| <ref>{{cite web |title=Flight Schedule -Biman Bangladesh |url=https://www.biman-airlines.com/flights/schedule |website=www.biman-airlines.com |access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref>

|[[Novoair]]|[[Shahjalal International Airport|Dhaka]]| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flynovoair.com/index.php/travelinfo/flight_schedules|title = NOVOAIR - truly yours}}</ref>

|[[US-Bangla Airlines]]|[[Shahjalal International Airport|Dhaka]]| <ref name="ZYL-LHR">{{cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2019/10/28/direct-flight-from-sylhet-to-london-to-resume-in-2020|title=Direct flight from Sylhet to London to resume in 2020|work=Dhaka Tribune|date=28 October 2019|author=Md. Serajul Islam}}</ref>

}}

===Cargo===
{{Airport-dest-list|3rdcoltitle={{Abbr|Refs.|References}}|3rdcolunsortable=yes

|[[SkyAir]]|[[Cox's Bazar Airport|Cox's Bazar]], [[Dhaka Airport|Dhaka]]| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://skycapitalcargo.com/|title=Sky Capital Cargo destinations|work=Skycapitalcargo.com}}</ref>

}}

==Accidents and incidents==
* On 22 December 1997, [[Biman Bangladesh Airlines]] flight BG-609 carrying 85 passengers and 4 crew, operated by a [[Fokker F28 Fellowship|Fokker F28-4000]], managed to land in a paddy field 5.6 kilometres from the foot of the runway in heavy fog, on final approach from Dhaka. 17 passengers were injured.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19971222-0&lang=en |title=ASN Aircraft accident Fokker F-28 Fellowship 4000 S2-ACJ Sylhet Civil Airport (ZYL) |website=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=15 October 2012}}</ref>
* On 8 October 2004, Biman Bangladesh Airlines flight BG-601 carrying 79 passengers and 4 crew, operated by a Fokker F28-4000, inbound from Dhaka overran the wet runway and ended up in a ditch. Two passengers were injured.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20041008-0&lang=en |title=ASN Aircraft accident Fokker F-28 Fellowship 4000 S2-ACJ Sylhet Civil Airport (ZYL) |website=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=20 August 2019}}</ref>
* On 31 July 2025, a boarding bridge tire exploded while it was being changed during routine maintenance, killing one of the attending workers and injuring another.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/nation/387865/worker-killed-another-injured-as-boarding-bridge |title=Worker killed, another injured as boarding bridge tyre explodes at Sylhet airport |website=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=31 July 2025}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of airports in Bangladesh]]
{{clear}}

==References==
{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}

===Footnotes===
{{Notelist}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite news |date=1 November 2007 |title=CAAB requests Padma to set up jet refuelling facility at Osmani |url=http://www.newagebd.com/2007/nov/01/nat.html |newspaper=New Age |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107040159/http://www.newagebd.com/2007/nov/01/nat.html |archive-date=7 November 2007}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
* [http://aviation-safety.net/database/airport/airport.php?id=ZYL Aviation Safety Network: Sylhet Civil Airport]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929183404/http://www.caab.gov.bd/adinfo/airports.html Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh: Airports]
* [http://www.osmaniairport.com Live Flight Status]
* [https://allofbd.com/listing/osmani-international-airport-sylhet/ Osmani International Airport Sylhet on Yellow Page]

{{Subject bar
|portal1=Bangladesh
|portal2=Aviation
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{{Airports in Bangladesh}}
{{USAAF 10th Air Force World War II}}

[[Category:International airports in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in British India]]
[[Category:Aviation in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Transport in Sylhet]]
[[Category:World War II sites in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Airports in Sylhet Division]]

Thattungal Thirakkappadum

2026-03-11T06:27:43Z

JaimieCarrigan:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Thattungal Thirakkappadum.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[J. P. Chandrababu|Chandrababu]]
| screenplay = Chandrababu Sam.T. Daasan (dialogue)
| story = Chandrababu
| starring = [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] [[K. R. Vijaya]] [[Shoba|Baby Mahalakshmi]] Chandrababu [[R. S. Manohar|Manohar]]
| cinematography = T. S. Rangasamy
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| studio = Viswabharathi Films
| distributor = Sunrise<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 July 1966 |title=Thattungal Thirakkappadum |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=vzY-6mMDyDUC&dat=19660702&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=14 April 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
| runtime = 124 minutes
| released = {{Film date|1966|6|17|df=yes}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Thattungal Thirakkappadum''''' ({{translation|Knock, and the door will be opened}}) is a 1966 Indian Tamil-language [[thriller film]] directed by [[J. P. Chandrababu]]. [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri Ganesh]], [[K. R. Vijaya]], [[Shoba]] (credited as Baby Mahalakshmi), Chandrababu and [[R. S. Manohar|Manohar]] star, while [[A. V. M. Rajan]], [[Cho Ramaswamy|Cho]] and [[M. R. R. Vasu]] play supporting roles. Shoba made her debut film as a child artist in this film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2016 |title=Shocking suicides: Actors who stunned us with their sudden exits |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/shocking-suicides-in-film-industry.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406024505/https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/shocking-suicides-in-film-industry.html |archive-date=6 April 2016 |access-date=13 October 2021 |website=[[Onmanorama]]}}</ref> The film was released on 17 June 1966.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1966 – தட்டுங்கள் திறக்கப்படும் – விஸ்வபாரதி |trans-title=1966 – Thattungal Thirakkappadum – Viswabharathi |url=http://lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1966-cinedetails16.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190223053440/http://lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1966-cinedetails16.asp |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=23 February 2019 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=கருப்பையா |first=பழ |date=11 July 2015 |title=சாவித்ரி-10. கோவா மாம்பழமே! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/junction/kanavukkannigal/2015/Jul/11/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF-10.-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87-47829.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806103628/https://www.dinamani.com/junction/kanavukkannigal/2015/Jul/11/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF-10.-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87-47829.html |archive-date=6 August 2024 |access-date=6 August 2024 |website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref> When the film was released, the clip of the song ''Kalyana Panthal Alangaram'' was not in the film due to a delay in the shooting and editing. In the second week, the clip was merged into the film. The film was a failure due to a weak plot.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ராமகிருஷ்ணன் |first=எஸ். |title=சந்திரபாபு – தட்டுங்கள் திறக்கப்படும். |url=https://www.sramakrishnan.com/%e0%ae%9a%e0%ae%a8%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%b0%e0%ae%aa%e0%ae%be%e0%ae%aa%e0%af%81-%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%9f%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%9f%e0%af%81%e0%ae%99%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%95%e0%ae%b3%e0%af%8d-%e0%ae%a4/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708095623/https://www.sramakrishnan.com/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4/ |archive-date=8 July 2022 |access-date=13 October 2021 |website=sramakrishnan.com |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=2 October 2009 |title=A voice that mesmerised |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/A-voice-that-mesmerised/article16884379.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412092557/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/A-voice-that-mesmerised/article16884379.ece |archive-date=12 April 2022 |access-date=4 August 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=July 2022}}
Shankar murders his mistress, Geetha after finding out that she has had a child with another man. Adaikalam, who is mute and an orphan is blamed for this murder. Adaikalam gets arrested by the police. Shankar meets his wife (the one that he had abandoned) Meenakshi, and his daughter and lives with them. When Shankar goes abroad on business, by ship and the ship explodes. Shankar feigns death after which, his insurance money is received by Meenakshi. Shankar needed that money to pay off his debts so he pretended to be dead and made Meenakshi take the insurance money and pay his debts. Shankar and Meenakshi have a fight. While fighting, Shankar's daughter gets frightened and kills Shankar. Meenakshi is shocked and hides his body in a room. That's when Adaikalam gets released from jail. When he goes to meet Shankar, Meenakshi tries to stop him entering the room, but she cannot. When Adaikalam sees the body, he is shocked. Meenakshi pretends not to know anything about this and calls the police. When the police come, they investigate and come to know that Meenakshi killed Shankar. Meenakshi is arrested and her daughter is taken care of by Adaikalam.

== Cast ==
* [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri Ganesh]] as Meenakshi
* [[K. R. Vijaya]] as Geetha
* [[Shoba|Baby Mahalakshmi]] as Meenakshi's daughter
* [[J. P. Chandrababu]] as Adaikalam<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2022 |title=Life And Times of JP Chandrababu, one of Tamil Cinema's finest comedians |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/life-and-times-of-jp-chandrababu-one-of-tamil-cinemas-finest-comedians-5569561.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725044945/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/life-and-times-of-jp-chandrababu-one-of-tamil-cinemas-finest-comedians-5569561.html |archive-date=25 July 2022 |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref>
* [[R. S. Manohar|Manohar]] as Shankar
* [[A. V. M. Rajan]] as the doctor
* [[Cho Ramaswamy|Cho]] as the lawyer
* [[M. R. R. Vasu]] as the servant

== Production ==
Chandrababu was to have made his directorial debut with ''Maadi Veettu Ezhai'', which was shelved; as a result, ''Thattungal Thirakkappadum'' became his directorial debut.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2020 |title=70 Tamil actors you didn't know were directors too |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2020/Jun/16/70-tamil-actors-you-didnt-know-were-directors-too-1064.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318142441/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2020/Jun/16/70-tamil-actors-you-didnt-know-were-directors-too-1064.html |archive-date=18 March 2024 |access-date=18 March 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]] and lyrics were written by [[Kannadasan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thattungal Thirakkappadum |url=https://www.saregama.com/album/thattungal-thirakkappadum_89669 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029174344/https://www.saregama.com/album/thattungal-thirakkappadum_89669 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=13 October 2021 |website=[[Saregama]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 16:06
| title1 = Thittippadhu Edhu
| extra1 = [[P. Susheela]]
| length1 = 04:00
| title2 = Kanmani Pappa
| extra2 = [[J. P. Chandrababu]]
| length2 = 04:24
| title3 = Kalyana Panthal Alangaram
| extra3 = P. Susheela
| length3 = 03:21
| title4 = Oor Paadum Thaalaattu
| extra4 = P. Susheela
| length4 = 04:21
}}

== Critical reception ==
''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the acting of actors, cinematography but felt songs did not stay in the mind and concluded saying we expected innovation and revolution in Chandrababu's film but got disappointed.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=3 July 1966 |title=தட்டுங்கள் திறக்கப்படும்! |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1966-07-03/page/n25/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230904055240/https://archive.org/details/kalki1966-07-03/page/n25/mode/2up |archive-date=4 September 2023 |access-date=4 September 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=25 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1966 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1966 films]]
[[Category:1966 Indian films]]
[[Category:1966 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1966 thriller films]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language thriller films]]

List of Tamil films of 2023

2026-03-07T05:20:50Z

JaimieCarrigan: Enhanced article with new information

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Tamil films}}

This is a list of [[Tamil cinema]] films released in 2023.

==Box office collection==
The following is the [[list of highest-grossing Tamil films]] released in 2023. The rank of the films in the following table depends on the estimate of worldwide collections as reported by organizations classified as green by Wikipedia.{{efn|See [[WP:RSP]], [[WP:ICTFSOURCES]]}} There is no official tracking of [[List of highest-grossing films in India|domestic box office figures]] within India.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+{{Screen reader-only|Highest grossing Tamil cinema films of 2023}}
!Rank{{efn-lg|name="ro"|Sorted based on the lowest value when figures are presented as a range, and for the same value, the older item is given a higher order.}}
!Title
!Production company
!Worldwide gross
!class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!1
|''[[Jailer (2023 Tamil film)|Jailer]]''
|[[Sun Pictures]]
|₹650 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |{{efn|name="fsjr"|''Jailer''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹650 crore (''[[India Today]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-14 |title=Vettaiyan worldwide box office Day 4: Rajinikanth's 7th entry in Rs 200 crore club |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vettaiyan-worldwide-box-office-collection-day-4-detailed-report-rajinikanth-7th-entry-in-rs-200-crore-club-2616744-2024-10-14 |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>) – ₹650 crore (''[[Firstpost]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2023 |title=Rewind 2023: How Rajinikanth's Jailer, Thalapathy Vijay's Leo, Gippy Grewal's Carry On Jatta 3 ruled the box-office |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/rewind-2023-how-rajinikanths-jailer-thalapathy-vijays-leo-gippy-grewals-carry-on-jatta-3-ruled-the-box-office-13561102.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101042606/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/rewind-2023-how-rajinikanths-jailer-thalapathy-vijays-leo-gippy-grewals-carry-on-jatta-3-ruled-the-box-office-13561102.html |archive-date=1 January 2024 |access-date=20 April 2024 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> ''[[Cinema Express]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-13 |title=Vettaiyan Box Office Day 3: Rajinikanth's film makes Rs 26 crore on Vijayadasami |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Oct/13/vettaiyan-box-office-day-3-rajinikanths-film-makes-rs-26-crore-on-vijayadasami |access-date=2025-09-01 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>)}}
|-
!2
|''[[Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]]''
|[[Seven Screen Studio]]
|₹595–615 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |{{efn|name="leo"|''Leo''{{'}}s reported worldwide grosses vary between
₹595 crore (''[[Box Office India]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leo Box Office Collection |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8249 |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>) –
₹615 crore (''[[Deccan Chronicle]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2023 |title=Top 10 Kollywood Blockbusters, Box Office Hits|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/181123/leo-to-sarkar-top-10-highest-grossing-tamil-films.html |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>).}}
|-
!3
|''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]''
|{{ubl|[[Madras Talkies]]|[[Lyca Productions]]}}
|₹345 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2023 |title=பொன்னியின் செல்வன் 2 வசூலை முறியடிக்கும் ஆதிபுருஷ்? விமர்சனங்களை ஓரம் கட்டும் கலெக்‌ஷன்! |url=https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/cinema-prabhas-adipurush-movie-going-to-beat-maniratnam-ponniyin-selvan-2-box-office-collection-1026310.html |access-date=19 June 2023 |website=News18 Tamil |language=ta |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619124300/https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/cinema-prabhas-adipurush-movie-going-to-beat-maniratnam-ponniyin-selvan-2-box-office-collection-1026310.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!style="textalign:center;" |4
|''[[Varisu]]''
|{{ubl|[[Sri Venkateswara Creations]]|[[PVP Cinema]]}}
|₹290–293 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |{{efn|name="vry"|''Varisu''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹290 crore (''[[The New Indian Express]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2023 |title=Thalapathy Vijay gets featured on NYC's Times Square billboard ahead of his birthday |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/celebs/2023/jun/21/thalapathy-vijay-gets-featured-on-nycs-times-square-billboard-ahead-of-his-birthday-50166.html |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=29 August 2023 |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824100339/https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/celebs/2023/jun/21/thalapathy-vijay-gets-featured-on-nycs-times-square-billboard-ahead-of-his-birthday-50166.html |url-status=live }}</ref>) – ₹293 crore (''[[Box Office India]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2023 |title=The 300 Crore Worldwide Films Post Pandemic Across India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7783 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=1 October 2023 |archive-date=7 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607093006/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7783 |url-status=live }}</ref>)}}
|-
!style="textalign:center;" |5
|''[[Thunivu]]''
|{{ubl|[[Boney Kapoor|Bayview Projects]]|[[Zee Studios]]}}
|₹190–250 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2023 |title=Top Kollywood Openers of 2023: Ponniyin Selvan 2 tops; Varisu and Thunivu occupy 2nd and 3rd position |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/top-kollywood-openers-of-2023-ponniyin-selvan-2-tops-varisu-and-thunivu-occupy-2nd-and-3rd-position-1219116 |website=PINKVILLA |access-date=21 October 2023 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620182820/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/top-kollywood-openers-of-2023-ponniyin-selvan-2-tops-varisu-and-thunivu-occupy-2nd-and-3rd-position-1219116 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!6
|''[[Vaathi]]''{{efn-lg|name="tt"|The film was produced in both the Tamil and Telugu languages, according to the filmmakers.}}
|[[S. Radha Krishna|Sithara Entertainments]]
|₹105 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}
|-
!7
|''[[Mark Antony (2023 film)|Mark Antony]]''
|Mini Studio
|₹102 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}
|-
!8
|''[[Maaveeran (2023 film)|Maaveeran]]''
|Shanthi Talkies
|₹77 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}
|-
!9
|''[[Maamannan]]''
|[[Red Giant Movies]]
|₹72 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}
|-
!10
|''[[Por Thozhil]]''
|[[Applause Entertainment]]
|₹50 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}
|}

==Released films==
===January – March===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!colspan="2" |Opening
!style="width:20%;" |Title
!Director
!Cast
!Production
!class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}(s)
|-
|rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;background:#ffa07a;textcolor:#000;" |'''J A N'''
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdacc;" |'''6'''
|''[[Dear Death]]''
|Prem Kumar
|[[Santhosh Prathap]], Jay, Sridhar Venkatesan
|SNR Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=டியர் டெத் விமர்சனம் |url=https://thinaboomi.com/2023/01/02/190118.html |website=தின பூமி}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vindhya Victim Verdict V3]]''
|[[Amudhavanan P|Amudhavanan]]
|[[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]], [[Paavana Gowda]], [[Esther Anil]]
|[[Amudhavanan P|Team A Ventures]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2023 |title=V3 Movie Review: Well-intentioned film let down by cliches, predictability |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/v3/movie-review/96781026.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=8 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108204509/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/v3/movie-review/96781026.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdacc;" |'''11'''
|''[[Thunivu]]''
|[[H. Vinoth]]
|[[Ajith Kumar]], [[Manju Warrier]], [[Samuthirakani]]
|[[Boney Kapoor|Bayview Projects LLP]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Thunivu Review: Ajith lords over this H Vinoth-style vigilante film &#124; Thunivu Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thunivu/movie-review/96895502.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111154239/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thunivu/movie-review/96895502.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Varisu]]''
|[[Vamshi Paidipally]]
|[[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], [[R. Sarathkumar]], [[Srikanth (actor, born 1968)|Srikanth]], [[Shaam (actor)|Shaam]]
|[[Sri Venkateswara Creations]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Varisu Movie Review: Vijay and Rashmika starrer Varisu is a potent commercial cocktail &#124; Varisu Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/varisu/movie-review/96892695.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111062741/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/varisu/movie-review/96892695.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''20'''
|''[[Vallavanukkum Vallavan]]''
|Vijay Tesingu
|[[Bobby Simha|Simha]], [[Sshivada]], [[Pooja Devariya]]
|[[Thenandal Studio Limited|Sri Thenandal Films]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2023 |title=Vallavanukkum Vallavan Movie Review: Bobby Simha saves this averagely-written con drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vallavanukkum-vallavan/movie-review/97175344.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121160835/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vallavanukkum-vallavan/movie-review/97175344.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''26'''
|''[[Beginning (2023 film)|Beginning]]''
|Jagan Vijaya
|[[Vinoth Kishan]], [[Gouri G. Kishan|Gouri Kishan]], [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]]
|Lefty Manual Creations
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2023 |title=Beginning Movie Review: More than the content or its form, it's the lead actors who save the film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/beginning/movie-review/97355466.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307012202/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/beginning/movie-review/97355466.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''27'''
|''[[Meippada Sei]]''
|Velan
|Aadhav Balaji, Madhunika, [[V. I. S. Jayapalan|Jayapalan]]
|SR Harshith Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2023 |title=Meipada Sei |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/meipada-sei-25147 |access-date=27 January 2023 |archive-date=27 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127154949/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/meipada-sei-25147 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''28'''
|''Kalathil Vendraal''
|Dharmar Periyasamy
|Dharmar Periyasamy, Idhayarooban, Uthiriyan
|Thaaimann Thiraiyagam
|
|- February!
|rowspan="21" style="text-align:center; background:#dcc7df; textcolor:#000;" |'''F E B'''
|rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef;" |'''3'''
|''[[Bommai Nayagi]]''
|Shan
|[[Yogi Babu]], [[Hari Krishnan (Tamil actor)|Hari Krishnan]], Subatra Robert
|[[Pa. Ranjith|Neelam Productions]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2023 |title=Bommai Nayagi Movie Review: Yogi Babu's shines in this deeply-affecting drama on justice and the judicial system |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/bommai-nayagi/movie-review/97597448.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330092722/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/bommai-nayagi/movie-review/97597448.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Michael (2023 film)|Michael]]''
|[[Ranjit Jeyakodi]]
|[[Sundeep Kishan]], [[Vijay Sethupathi]], [[Divyansha Kaushik]]
|Karan C Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2023 |title=Michael Movie Review: Effective making and an intense narration resurrects sub par story |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/michael/movie-review/97577423.cms?from=mdr |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210155757/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/michael/movie-review/97577423.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Naan Kadavul Illai]]''
|[[S. A. Chandrasekhar]]
|[[Samuthirakani]], [[Sakshi Agarwal]], [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]]
|Star Makers
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naan Kadavul Illai Movie Review: Mediocrity thrives in this reckless revenge drama |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/feb/04/naan-kadavul-illai-movie-reviewmediocrity-thrives-in-this-reckless-revenge-drama-39594.html |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=4 February 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |archive-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210125209/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/feb/04/naan-kadavul-illai-movie-reviewmediocrity-thrives-in-this-reckless-revenge-drama-39594.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Naan Yaar Theriyuma''
|V. S. Balamurugan
|Raaj Varma, Sreenithi, Miyasree Soumya
|Sri Masani Amman Pictures
|
|-
|''[[Run Baby Run (2023 film)|Run Baby Run]]''
|[[Jiyen Krishnakumar]]
|[[RJ Balaji]], [[Aishwarya Rajesh]], [[Isha Talwar]]
|Prince Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Run Baby Run Movie Review: An effective thriller that engages us in parts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/run-baby-run/movie-review/97596361.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111141443/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/run-baby-run/movie-review/97596361.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thalaikoothal (film)|Thalaikoothal]]''
|[[Jayaprakash Radhakrishnan]]
|[[Samuthirakani]], [[Kathir (actor)|Kathir]], [[Vasundhara Kashyap|Vasundhara]]
|[[Y NOT Studios]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Thalaikoothal Movie Review: An earnest attempt |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thalaikoothal/movie-review/97483870.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=9 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309164135/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thalaikoothal/movie-review/97483870.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Great Indian Kitchen (film)|The Great Indian Kitchen]]''
|[[R. Kannan]]
|[[Aishwarya Rajesh]], [[Rahul Ravindran]], [[Poster Nandakumar|Nandakumar]]
|RDC Media
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Great Indian Kitchen Movie Review: The Tamil remake stayed true to its original |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/the-great-indian-kitchen/movie-review/97527861.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=3 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203010516/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/the-great-indian-kitchen/movie-review/97527861.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef;" |'''10'''
|''[[Dada (2023 film)|Dada]]''
|Ganesh K. Babu
|[[Kavin (actor)|Kavin]], [[Aparna Das]], [[K. Bhagyaraj|Bhagyaraj]]
|Olympia Movies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dada Movie Review: Kavin excels in this well-written feel-good emotional drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/dada/movie-review/97754123.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=15 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315104024/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/dada/movie-review/97754123.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kodai (film)|Kodai]]''
|Raajaselvam
|[[Karthick Singa]], Anaya Lakshmi, [[Robo Shankar]]
|SS Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2023 |title=Kodai |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/kodai-25183 |access-date=17 February 2023 |archive-date=23 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223091928/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/kodai-25183 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|''Koottam''
|V. Barathi
|Nishanth, Manoj, Karthik, Dinesh
|I Movies
|
|-
|''Ninaive Nee''
|Murugan
|Ramaranjan, Sushma, [[Kovai Senthil]]
|Madurai Veeran Pictures
|
|-
|''[[Varnashramam]]''
|Sukumar Alagarsamy
|[[Ramakrishnan (actor)|Ramakrishnan]], Cynthia Lourde, Sriram Karthik
|Cynthia Production House
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2023 |title=வர்ணாஸ்ரமம்: சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/varnasramam-cinema-review-897318 |access-date=17 February 2023 |archive-date=20 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220153704/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/varnasramam-cinema-review-897318 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vasantha Mullai]]''
|Ramanan Purushothama
|[[Bobby Simha|Simha]], [[Kashmira Pardeshi]], [[Arya (actor)|Arya]]
|[[Reshmi Menon|SRT Entertainments]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vasantha Mullai Movie Review: Bobby Simha tries his best to save this mediocre thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vasantha-mullai/movie-review/97781281.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=15 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315104024/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vasantha-mullai/movie-review/97781281.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Vidhi Enn 3''
|Broadway Sundar
|Jebasingh, Murugan, Senguttuvan
|Broadway Picture Studio
|
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef;" |'''17'''
|''[[Bakasuran]]''
|[[Mohan G. Kshatriyan]]
|[[Selvaraghavan]], [[Natty Subramaniam|Natty]], [[Radharavi]]
|[[Mohan G. Kshatriyan|G M Film Corporation]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bakasuran Movie Review: Bakasuran's okayish message is let down by preachy and predictable writing |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/bakasuran/movie-review/97989173.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217145456/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/bakasuran/movie-review/97989173.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Moondram Pournami''
|Raveendhar
|[[Janakiram|Janaki Ram]], [[Preethi Varma]], [[Livingston (actor)|Livingston]]
|Maha Movie Makers
|
|-
|''[[Vaathi]]''{{efn-lg|name="tt"}}
|[[Venky Atluri]]
|[[Dhanush]], [[Samyuktha Menon|Samyuktha]], [[P. Sai Kumar|Sai Kumar]]
|[[S. Radha Krishna|Sithara Entertainments]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2023 |title=Vaathi Movie Review: Dhanush scores high along with his students in this tale of empowerment |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vaathi/movie-review/97992637.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217184530/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vaathi/movie-review/97992637.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef;" |'''24'''
|''[[Kuttram Purinthal]]''
|[[Disney (director)|Disney]]
|Aadhik Babu, Archana, [[Abhinaya (actress)|Abhinaya]]
|Amaravathy Film Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=25 February 2023 |title=குற்றம் புரிந்தால் : சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/kuttram-purinthal-cinema-review-906875 |access-date=28 February 2023 |website=dailythanthi.com |language=ta |archive-date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302161126/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/kuttram-purinthal-cinema-review-906875 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Om Vellimalai]]''
|Om Vijay
|Super R. Subramanyan, Veera Subash, Anju Krishna
|Superb Creations
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ஒம் வெள்ளிமலை - விமர்சனம் {2.5/5} : ஓம் வெள்ளிமலை - வெள்ளி - Om Vellimalai |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/3268/Om-Vellimalai/ |access-date=28 February 2023 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Single Shankarum Smartphone Simranum]]''
|Vignesh Sha PN
|[[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]], [[Megha Akash]], [[Anju Kurian]]
|Lark Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Single Shankarum Smart Phone Simranum Movie Review: Shiva's witty one-liners save this okayish entertainer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/single-shankarum-smart-phone-simranum/movie-review/98208091.cms |access-date=28 February 2023 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226070041/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/single-shankarum-smart-phone-simranum/movie-review/98208091.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thugs (film)|Thugs]]''
|[[Brinda (choreographer)|Brinda]]
|Hridhu Haroon, [[Anaswara Rajan]], [[Bobby Simha|Simha]], [[R. K. Suresh]]
|[[Thameens Films|HR Pictures]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2023 |title=Thugs Movie Review: A well-made prison-break drama that engages you in parts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thugs/movie-review/98201820.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=3 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303074404/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thugs/movie-review/98201820.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- March!
|rowspan="26" style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98; textcolor:#000;" |'''M A R'''
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#a8e4bc;" |'''3'''
|''[[Ariyavan]]''
|[[Mithran R. Jawahar]]
|Ishaaon, [[Pranali Ghogare]], [[Daniel Balaji]]
|MGP Mass Media
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ariyavan Movie Review: Ariyavan is an average attempt at social commentary |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ariyavan/movie-review/98370655.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407165738/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ariyavan/movie-review/98370655.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ayothi]]''
|R. Manthira Moorthy
|[[M. Sasikumar|Sasikumar]], [[Yashpal Sharma (actor)|Yashpal Sharma]], [[Preethi Asrani]]
|[[Trident Arts]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ayothi Movie Review: Ayothi, a heartfelt film that navigates deep human emotions with powerful writing |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ayothi/movie-review/98370764.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=4 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304193651/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ayothi/movie-review/98370764.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bagheera (2023 film)|Bagheera]]''
|[[Adhik Ravichandran]]
|[[Prabhu Deva]], [[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]], [[Amyra Dastur]], [[Gayathrie Shankar]], [[Remya Nambeesan]]
|Bharathan Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2023 |title=Bagheera Movie Review: Prabhudeva's Bagheera is a tedious and problematic crime thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/bagheera/movie-review/98384105.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=4 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304052014/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/bagheera/movie-review/98384105.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Kidugu''
|Veera Murugan
|[[Kalloori Vinoth]], Birla Bose, Peter Saravanan
|Ramalakshmi Productions
|
|-
|''[[Pallu Padama Paathuka]]''
|Vijay Varadharaj
|[[Attakathi Dinesh]], [[Sanchita Shetty]], [[Shah Ra]]
|Magic Rays
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2023 |title=Pallu Padama Paathuka Movie Review: A downright silly, meaningless zom-com |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pallu-padama-paathuka/movie-review/98402864.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=4 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304194302/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pallu-padama-paathuka/movie-review/98402864.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vizhithelu]]''
|A. Tamil Selvan
|[[Ashok Kumar (Tamil actor)|Ashok Kumar]], [[Gayatri Rema]], [[Saravana Sakthi]]
|Aadhavan Cine Creations
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2023 |title=விழித்தெழு: சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/vizhithelu-cinema-review-913778 |access-date=25 March 2023 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307075434/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/vizhithelu-cinema-review-913778 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#a8e4bc;" |'''8'''
|''[[Kannitheevu]]''
|Sundar Balu
|[[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]], [[Aishwarya Dutta]], [[Ashna Zaveri]]
|Krithika Production
|
|-
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#a8e4bc;" |'''10'''
|''[[Agilan]]''
|N. Kalyana Krishnan
|[[Jayam Ravi]], [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]], [[Tanya Ravichandran]]
|Screen Scene Media Entertainment
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2023 |title=Agilan Movie Review: Jayam Ravi steers Agilan to safety with his earnest performance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/agilan/movie-review/98536666.cms?from=mdr |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=28 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328071835/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/agilan/movie-review/98536666.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Beauty (2023 film)|Beauty]]''
|Ko. Ananda Siva
|[[Rishi (Tamil actor)|Rishi]], Kareena Shah, [[Singamuthu]]
|Om Jayam Theatres
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2023 |title=பியூட்டி : சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/beauty-cinema-review-918370 |access-date=25 March 2023 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325181446/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/beauty-cinema-review-918370 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Irumban]]''
|[[Keera (director)|Keera]]
|Junior MGR, [[Yogi Babu]], [[Aishwarya Dutta]]
|Lemuria Movies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2023 |title=இரும்பன்: சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/irumban-cinema-review-919074 |access-date=25 March 2023 |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314050717/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/irumban-cinema-review-919074 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kondraal Paavam]]''
|[[Dayal Padmanabhan]]
|[[Santhosh Prathap]], [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]], [[Easwari Rao]]
|Einfach Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kondraal Paavam Movie Review: Kondraal Paavam is a riveting tale of extreme desire and greed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kondraal-paavam/movie-review/98557818.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325181436/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kondraal-paavam/movie-review/98557818.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Maan Vettai''
|[[M. Thirumalai (director)|M. Thirumalai]]
|Sharan, Sunita Gogoi, [[Suman Shetty]]
|[[M. Thirumalai (director)|T Creations]]
|
|-
|''[[Memories (2023 film)|Memories]]''
|Syam—Praveen
|[[Vetri (actor)|Vetri]], [[Parvathy Arun]], Dayyana Hameed
|Shiju Thameen's Film Factory
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2023 |title=Memories Movie Review: Memories, an experience we wish to erase from our memory |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/memories/movie-review/98534187.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310132454/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/memories/movie-review/98534187.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#a8e4bc;" |'''17'''
|''[[D3 (2023 film)|D3]]''
|Balaaji
|[[Prajin]], [[Vidya Pradeep]], [[Charle]]
|JKM Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=D3 Movie Review: A decently staged investigative thriller that fizzles in the end |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/d3/movie-review/98686304.cms?from=mdr |access-date=17 March 2023 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317044941/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/d3/movie-review/98686304.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ghosty (2023 film)|Ghosty]]''
|[[Kalyaan]]
|[[Kajal Aggarwal]], [[Yogi Babu]], [[K. S. Ravikumar]]
|Seed Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2023 |title=Ghosty Movie Review: Kajal Aggarwal and Yogi Babu's Ghosty is neither spooky nor funny |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ghosty/movie-review/98732927.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=18 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318092941/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ghosty/movie-review/98732927.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kannai Nambathey]]''
|Mu. Maran
|[[Udhayanidhi Stalin]], [[Aathmika]], [[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]]
|LIPI Cine Crafts
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2023 |title=Kannai Nambathey Movie Review: Kannai Nambathey falters despite a thrilling setup |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kannai-nambathey/movie-review/98723417.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317151454/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etmoviedetailshowtimes.cms?movieid=93208553&detailid=93208553&city_name=Mumbai&city_id=2 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Katradhu Mara''
|M. Baskar
|Sudhir, Fouziee, [[R. N. R. Manohar]]
|Baskar Cinema Company
|
|-
|''[[Kudimahaan]]''
|Prakash N
|Vijay Sivan, [[Chandini Tamilarasan]], [[Namo Narayana]]
|Scenario Media Works
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2023 |title=Kudimahaan Movie Review: Inventive plot and hilarious moments elevate this quirky comedy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kudimahaan/movie-review/98739463.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=20 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320175517/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kudimahaan/movie-review/98739463.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Raja Magal (film)|Raja Magal]]''
|Henry I
|[[Aadukalam Murugadoss|Murugadoss]], [[Bagavathi Perumal]], Prithiksha
|Moon Walk Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2023 |title=ராஜா மகள்: சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/raja-magal-cinema-review-924464 |access-date=25 March 2023 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325181449/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/raja-magal-cinema-review-924464 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#a8e4bc;" |'''24'''
|''Dhool Parakkudhu''
|Kanchi S. Durai
|Ramesh, Durai, Abdul Rahman
|Dhanam Pictures
|
|-
|''[[N4 (film)|N4]]''
|[[Lokesh Kumar]]
|[[Michael Thangadurai]], Gabriella Sellus, [[Anupama Kumar]]
|Dharmraj Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=N4 Movie Review: Good writing and decent performances elevate N4 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/n4/movie-review/98930610.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=24 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324200053/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/n4/movie-review/98930610.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Parundhaaguthu Oor Kuruvi]]''
|Dhanabalan Govindaraj
|[[Vivek Prasanna]], Nishanth Russo, [[Gayathiri Iyer]]
|Lights On Media
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Parundhaaguthu Oor Kuruvi Movie Review: Parunthagudhu Oorkuruvi tries hard to fly with clipped wings |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/parundhaaguthu-oor-kuruvi/movie-review/98930653.cms |access-date=29 March 2023 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=24 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324183347/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/parundhaaguthu-oor-kuruvi/movie-review/98930653.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Venkat Puthiyavan''
|Jayanth
|Venkatesh, Shilpa, Vengal Rao
|V N Movies
|
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#a8e4bc;" |'''26'''
|''[[Ellaam Mela Irukuravan Paathuppan]]''
|U. Kaviraj
|[[Aari Arujunan]], Shaashvi Bala, [[Rajendran]]
|[[Ibrahim Rowther|Rowther Films]]
|
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#a8e4bc;" |'''30'''
|''[[Pathu Thala]]''
|[[Krishna (director)|Krishna]]
|[[Silambarasan]], [[Gautham Karthik]], [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]
|[[Studio Green]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pathu Thala Movie Review: STR and Gautham Karthik elevate this fairly-engaging gangster film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pathu-thala/movie-review/99109467.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-date=22 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422024702/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pathu-thala/movie-review/99109467.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#a8e4bc;" |'''31'''
|''[[Viduthalai Part 1|Viduthalai: Part 1]]''
|[[Vetrimaaran]]
|[[Soori (actor)|Soori]], [[Vijay Sethupathi]], [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]
|[[RS Infotainment]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Viduthalai Part 1 Movie Review: Vetri Maaran's Viduthalai Part 1 is a potent socio-political portrayal of a struggle for liberation |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/viduthalai-part-1/movie-review/99139534.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=11 April 2023 |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331112138/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/viduthalai-part-1/movie-review/99139534.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== April – June ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!colspan="2" |Opening
!style="width:20%;" |Title
!Director
!Cast
!Production
!class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}(s)
|-
|rowspan="21" style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''A P R'''
|rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''7'''
|''[[16 August 1947]]''
|N. S. Ponkumar
|[[Gautham Karthik]], Revathy Sharma, [[Jason Shah]]
|[[A R Murugadoss|AR Murugadoss Productions]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=August 16 1947 Movie Review: High production value makes this worth a watch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/august-16-1947/movie-review/99295747.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=11 April 2023 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407035744/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/august-16-1947/movie-review/99295747.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Burqa (2023 film)|Burqa]]''
|[[Sarjun KM]]
|[[Kalaiyarasan]], [[Mirnaa Menon]], [[G. M. Kumar]]
|SKLS Galaxy Mall
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burqa Movie Review: A sincere take on repression and humanity |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/apr/07/burqa-movie-review-a-sincere-take-on-repression-and-humanity-42041.html |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=7 April 2023 |access-date=11 April 2023 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407163151/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/apr/07/burqa-movie-review-a-sincere-take-on-repression-and-humanity-42041.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Ithu Kathaiyalla Nijam''
|Kannan Rajamanickam
|Santhosh Saravanan, [[Sunu Lakshmi]], [[Jagan (actor)|Jagan]]
|Kala Theatres
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2023 |title=இது கதையல்ல நிஜம்: சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/its-reality-not-fiction-cinema-review-938679 |access-date=11 April 2023 |archive-date=11 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411182241/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/its-reality-not-fiction-cinema-review-938679 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Munthirikkaadu|Munthiri Kaadu]]''
|[[Kalanjiyam]]
|Pugazh Mahenthiran, Subhapriya Malar, [[Seeman]]
|Aathi Thirakkalam
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2023 |title=முந்திரிக்காடு விமர்சனம்: சாதி ஒழிப்பும் காதல் திருமணமும்; ஆனால், படத்திலுள்ள அரசியல் போதாமைகள்? |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/munthiri-kaadu-movie-review-how-is-this-anti-caste-film-fared-as-a-movie |access-date=11 April 2023 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416183235/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/munthiri-kaadu-movie-review-how-is-this-anti-caste-film-fared-as-a-movie |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Racer (film)|Racer]]''
|Satz Rex
|Akil Santosh, Lavanya, Aaru Bala
|Hustlers Entertainment
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Racer Movie Review: Racer crosses the finish line, but isn't a winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/racer/movie-review/99313586.cms?from=mdr |work=The Times of India |access-date=11 April 2023 |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413122329/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/racer/movie-review/99313586.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thalaikkavasamum 4 Nanbargalum]]''
|V. M. Rathnavel
|[[Ananth Nag (Tamil actor)|Ananth Nag]], Swetha Dorathy, [[O. A. K. Sundar]]
|Team Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2023 |title=தலைக்கவசமும் 4 நண்பர்களும்.. விமர்சனம்!- |url=https://news7tamil.live/movie-review-for-thalaikavasamum-4-nambargalum.html |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701173522/https://news7tamil.live/movie-review-for-thalaikavasamum-4-nambargalum.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Yevan''
|K. M. Durai Murugan
|Dhileepan Pugazhendhi, Deepthi Manne, [[Gana Bala]]
|Sunlight Cinemas
|
|-
|''Yosi''
|Stephen M. Joseph
|Abhay Sankar, Revati Venkat, [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
|J&A Prime Productions
|
|-
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''14'''
|''Irandil Ondru Parthuvidu''
|Chandana Parthiban
|Agaran, Vishnu Kanth, Ramya Jasmine
|Chandana Pictures
|
|-
|''[[Ripupbury]]''
|Arun Karthik
|[[Mahendran (actor)|Mahendran]], Arati Podi, [[Kaavya Arivumani]]
|A K Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ripupbury Movie Review: Ripupbury is an ambitious film that blends several genres |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ripupbury/movie-review/99426654.cms?from=mdr |work=The Times of India |access-date=14 April 2023 |archive-date=14 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414071133/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ripupbury/movie-review/99426654.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Rudhran]]''
|[[S. Kathiresan]]
|[[Raghava Lawrence]], [[R. Sarathkumar]], [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]]
|[[S. Kathiresan|Five Star Creations]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rudhran Movie Review: Raghava Lawrence's formulaic Rudhran fails to impress |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/rudhran/movie-review/99485540.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=15 April 2023 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415072818/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/rudhran/movie-review/99485540.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Soppana Sundari]]''
|S. G. Charles
|[[Aishwarya Rajesh]], [[Lakshmi Priyaa Chandramouli]], [[Deepa Shankar]]
|Hamsini Entertainment
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Soppana Sundari Movie Review: A quirky dark comedy that's engaging in parts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/soppana-sundari/movie-review/99480839.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=15 April 2023 |archive-date=14 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414185314/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/soppana-sundari/movie-review/99480839.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thiruvin Kural]]''
|Harish Prabhu
|[[Arulnithi]], [[Aathmika]], [[Bharathiraja]]
|[[Lyca Productions]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Thiruvin Kural Movie Review: Interesting ideas and thrills let down by inconsistent writing |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thiruvin-kural/movie-review/99480729.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=15 April 2023 |archive-date=14 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414113724/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thiruvin-kural/movie-review/99480729.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''21'''
|''[[Deiva Machan]]''
|Martyn Nirmal Kumar
|[[Vimal (actor)|Vimal]], Neha Jha, [[Pandiarajan]]
|Uday Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Deiva Machan Movie Review: A likeable film that's not compelling enough |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/deiva-machan/movie-review/99662765.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=21 April 2023 |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421093543/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/deiva-machan/movie-review/99662765.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Jambu Maharishi''
|Balaji
|Balaji, Ashmitha Singh, [[Prabhakar (actor)|Prabhakar]]
|TVS Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ஜம்பு மகரிஷி - விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.virakesari.lk/article/153504 |website=Virakesari.lk |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512000753/https://www.virakesari.lk/article/153504 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Maaveeran Pillai''
|KNR Raja
|Vijayalakshmi Veerappan, [[Radha Ravi]], KNR Raja
|KNR Movies
|
|-
|''[[Yaanai Mugathaan]]''
|Rejishh Midhila
|[[Yogi Babu]], [[Ramesh Thilak]], [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]]
|The Great Indian Cinemas
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Yaanai Mugathaan Movie Review: A well-intentioned film on the goodness within us |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/yaanai-mugathaan/movie-review/99682649.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=23 April 2023 |archive-date=22 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422164137/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/yaanai-mugathaan/movie-review/99682649.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Yaathisai]]''
|Dharani Rasendran
|Shakti Mithran, Seyon, [[Guru Somasundaram]]
|Venus Entertainment
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Yaathisai Movie Review: A well-crafted historical fiction that deserves a watch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/yaathisai/movie-review/99632684.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=21 April 2023 |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420062158/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/yaathisai/movie-review/99632684.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''22'''
|''[[Tamilarasan]]''
|Babu Yogeswaran
|[[Vijay Antony]], [[Suresh Gopi]], [[Remya Nambeesan]], [[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeetha]]
|SNS Movies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tamilarasan Movie Review: Tamilarasan is all heart, but where's the brain? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/tamilarasan/movie-review/99689539.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=23 April 2023 |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423125002/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/tamilarasan/movie-review/99689539.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''28'''
|''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]''
|[[Mani Ratnam]]
|[[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]], [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]], [[Jayam Ravi]], [[Karthi]], [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]]
|[[Lyca Productions]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ponniyin Selvan: Part 2 Movie Review: Vikram, Aishwarya Rai shine in Mani Ratnam's epic, emotional Ponniyin Selvan 2 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ponniyin-selvan-part-2/movie-review/99838449.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=29 April 2023 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501053948/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ponniyin-selvan-part-2/movie-review/99838449.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Thudikkuthu Pujam''
|K. Bhargaviraj
|Raghunath, Bhargaviraj, [[Kovai Senthil]]
|Good Luck Creations
|
|-
|rowspan="17" style="text-align:center; background:#ff91af; textcolor:#000;" |'''M A Y'''
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''5'''
|''Eppodhum Ava Nenaipu''
|Rama Manickam
|Rama Manickam, [[Nellai Siva]], [[Crane Manohar]]
|Manickavel Cine Creations
|
|-
|''[[Kulasami]]''
|[[Saravana Sakthi]]
|[[Vimal (actor)|Vimal]], [[Tanya Hope]], [[Bose Venkat]]
|MIK Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kulasamy Movie Review: Poor writing and execution make Kulasami a tedious watch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kulasamy/movie-review/99992686.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=6 May 2023 |archive-date=4 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504231613/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kulasamy/movie-review/99992686.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Theerkadarishi]]''
|P. G. Mohan, L. R. Sundarapandi
|[[Ajmal Ameer]], [[Sathyaraj]], [[Poornima Bhagyaraj]]
|Sri Saravanaa Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Theerkadarishi Movie Review: Theerkadharishi is an inventive investigative thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/theerkadarishi/movie-review/99992731.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=6 May 2023 |archive-date=5 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505101713/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/theerkadarishi/movie-review/99992731.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Uruchidhai''
|Devaraj
|Srinivas, [[Nellai Siva]], [[Theepetti Ganesan]]
|VDS Cineemass
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2023 |title=உருச்சிதை: சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/uruchithai-cinema-review-961279 |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528142734/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/uruchithai-cinema-review-961279 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''12'''
|''[[Farhana (film)|Farhana]]''
|[[Nelson Venkatesan]]
|[[Aishwarya Rajesh]], [[Selvaraghavan]], [[Jithan Ramesh]]
|[[Dream Warrior Pictures]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Farhana Movie Review: Aishwarya Rajesh shines in Farhana, an inventive thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/farhana/movie-review/100166439.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=11 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511170100/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/farhana/movie-review/100166439.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Good Night (2023 film)|Good Night]]''
|Vinayak Chandrasekaran
|[[K. Manikandan]], Meetha Raghunath, [[Ramesh Thilak]]
|Million Dollar Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Good Night Movie Review: Good Night: The snoring is loud enough in a very enjoyable way |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/good-night/movie-review/100151118.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=11 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511092505/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/good-night/movie-review/100151118.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Raavana Kottam]]''
|Vikram Sugumaran
|[[Shanthanu Bhagyaraj]], [[Anandhi (actress)|Anandhi]], [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]]
|Kannan Ravi Group
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Raavana Kottam Movie Review: A socio-political drama that doesn't find its way |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/raavana-kottam/movie-review/100151032.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=11 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511111633/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/raavana-kottam/movie-review/100151032.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Siruvan Samuel]]''
|Sadhu Burlington
|Ajidhan Thavasimuthu, Vishnu KG, Aparna
|Countryside Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Siruvan Samuel Movie Review: A bittersweet coming-of-age film that falls just short of being truly good |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/siruvan-samuel/movie-review/100189823.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=27 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527221603/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/siruvan-samuel/movie-review/100189823.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''19'''
|''[[Karungaapiyam]]''
|D. Karthikeyan
|[[Kajal Aggarwal]], [[Regina Cassandra]], [[Janani Iyer]]
|Pave Entertainments
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karungaapiyam Movie Review: A banal horror of garbled stories and underwhelming execution |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/may/19/karungaapiyam-movie-review-a-banal-horror-of-garbled-stories-and-underwhelming-execution-43644.html |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=19 May 2023 |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=20 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520084420/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/may/19/karungaapiyam-movie-review-a-banal-horror-of-garbled-stories-and-underwhelming-execution-43644.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Maruthi Nagar Police Station]]''
|[[Dayal Padmanabhan]]
|[[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]], [[Arav]], [[Santhosh Prathap]]
|[[Dayal Padmanabhan|D Pictures]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 May 2023 |title='Maruthi Nagar Police Station' movie review: A choppily written, patience-testing murder mystery |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/maruthi-nagar-police-station-movie-review-a-choppily-written-patience-testing-murder-mystery/article66867653.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=19 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519094127/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/maruthi-nagar-police-station-movie-review-a-choppily-written-patience-testing-murder-mystery/article66867653.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pichaikkaran 2]]''
|[[Vijay Antony]]
|[[Vijay Antony]], [[Kavya Thapar]], [[Radha Ravi]]
|[[Vijay Antony|Vijay Antony Film Corporation]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pichaikkaran 2 Movie Review: Pichaikkaran 2 is not rich enough, but can't be ignored right away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pichaikkaran-2/movie-review/100352060.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=19 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519103614/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pichaikkaran-2/movie-review/100352060.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Yaadhum Oore Yaavarum Kelir]]''
|Venkata Krishna Roghanth
|[[Vijay Sethupathi]], [[Megha Akash]], [[Magizh Thirumeni]]
|Chandaara Arts
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Yaadhum Oore Yaavarum Kelir Movie Review: A well-intentioned idea let down by clumsy writing |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/yaadhum-oore-yaavarum-kelir/movie-review/100334832.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=19 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519072400/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/yaadhum-oore-yaavarum-kelir/movie-review/100334832.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''26'''
|''[[1982 Anbarasin Kaadhal]]''
|Ullas Shankar
|Ashik Merlin, Chandana Aravind, Amal Raveendran
|Shine Aliyas
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2023 |title=1982 அன்பரசின் காதல்: சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/1982-anbarasin-kadhal-cinema-review-972470}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kazhuvethi Moorkkan]]''
|Sy Gowthama Raj
|[[Arulnithi]], [[Dushara Vijayan]], [[Santhosh Prathap]]
|Olympia Movies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kazhuvethi Moorkkan Movie Review: Arulnithi shine in this well-written film on caste-based politics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kazhuvethi-moorkkan/movie-review/100516296.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=26 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526123503/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kazhuvethi-moorkkan/movie-review/100516296.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Theera Kaadhal]]''
|[[Rohin Venkatesan]]
|[[Jai (actor)|Jai]], [[Aishwarya Rajesh]], [[Sshivada]]
|[[Lyca Productions]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Theera Kaadhal Movie Review: A neatly made romantic drama that could have been better |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/theera-kaadhal/movie-review/100529944.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=26 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526131122/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/theera-kaadhal/movie-review/100529944.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''27'''
|''[[Boo (2023 film)|Boo]]''
|[[A. L. Vijay]]
|[[Rakul Preet Singh]], [[Vishwak Sen]], [[Nivetha Pethuraj]]
|Sarvanth Ram Creations
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boo Movie Review: When the script is more dead than the ghosts |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/may/28/boo-movie-review-when-the-script-is-more-dead-than-the-ghosts-43957.html |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=28 May 2023 |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528094021/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/may/28/boo-movie-review-when-the-script-is-more-dead-than-the-ghosts-43957.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kasethan Kadavulada (2023 film)|Kasethan Kadavulada]]''
|[[R. Kannan]]
|[[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]], [[Priya Anand]], [[Yogi Babu]]
|[[R. Kannan|Masala Pix]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kasethan Kadavulada Movie Review: Kannan's remake lacks both fun and flavour |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kasethan-kadavulada/movie-review/100553933.cms |access-date=27 May 2023 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=27 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527145938/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kasethan-kadavulada/movie-review/100553933.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="24" style="text-align:center; background:#f5e216; textcolor:#000;" |'''J U N'''
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#faf884;" |'''2'''
|''[[Kathar Basha Endra Muthuramalingam]]''
|[[M. Muthaiah]]
|[[Arya (actor)|Arya]], [[Siddhi Idnani]], [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]]
|Drumsticks Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kather Basha Endra Muthuramalingam Movie Review: Arya tries to shoulder a very average action drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kather-basha-endra-muthuramalingam/movie-review/100715970.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=5 June 2023 |archive-date=14 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614091420/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kather-basha-endra-muthuramalingam/movie-review/100715970.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Thotta Siningiye''
|N. Elongovan
|Thanga Pandiyan, Nivetha, Iniyaraja
|Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Productions
|
|-
|''[[Thuritham]]''
|V. Srinivasan
|Jegan, [[Eden Kuriakose]], [[Bala Saravanan]]
|Dream Focus Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2023 |title=துரிதம்: சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/thuritham-cinema-review-977492 |access-date=2 June 2023 |website=dailythanthi.com |language=ta |archive-date=2 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602040956/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/thuritham-cinema-review-977492 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Unnaal Ennaal]]''
|A. R. Jayakrishnaa
|[[Sonia Agarwal]], [[Ravi Mariya]], [[Rajesh (Tamil actor)|Rajesh]]
|Shri Shri Ganesha Creations
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2023 |title=உன்னால் என்னால் : சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/unnal-ennal-film-review-978221 |access-date=5 June 2023 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603045209/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/unnal-ennal-film-review-978221 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Veeran (film)|Veeran]]''
|ARK Saravan
|[[Hiphop Tamizha Adhi]], [[Vinay Rai]], Athira Raj
|[[Sathya Jyothi Films]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Veeran Movie Review: Veeran tries its best to be Tamil cinema's Minnal Murali |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/veeran/movie-review/100701387.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=5 June 2023 |archive-date=31 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231084220/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/veeran/movie-review/100701387.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;background:#faf884;" |'''9'''
|''[[Bell (2023 film)|Bell]]''
|R. Vengat Bhuvan
|[[Guru Somasundaram]], [[Sridhar (choreographer)|Sridhar]], [[Nitish Veera]]
|Brogan Movies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bell Movie Review: Good core idea with a poorly written script |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/bell/movie-review/100889700.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=16 June 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616140542/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/bell/movie-review/100889700.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Maalai Nera Mallipoo]]''
|Sanjay Narayanan
|Vinithra Menon, Ashwin, Dhinesh Pandiyar
|Every Frame Matters Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Maalai Nera Mallipoo Movie Review: Powerful content let down by mediocre filmmaking |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/maalai-nera-mallipoo/movie-review/101014118.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=16 June 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629061105/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/maalai-nera-mallipoo/movie-review/101014118.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Por Thozhil]]''
|Vignesh Raja
|[[R. Sarathkumar]], [[Ashok Selvan]], [[Nikhila Vimal]], [[Sarath Babu]]
|Applause Entertainment
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Por Thozhil Movie Review: Effective writing makes this investigative thriller a compelling watch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/por-thozhil/movie-review/100865937.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Takkar (2023 film)|Takkar]]''
|Karthik G. Krish
|[[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]], [[Divyansha Kaushik]], [[Yogi Babu]]
|Passion Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Takkar Movie Review: Average writing overshadows Siddharth's earnest performance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/takkar/movie-review/100867548.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=16 June 2023 |archive-date=9 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609085556/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/takkar/movie-review/100867548.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Valu''
|Rajaparthiban
|Vigunda Selvan, Sivasandhya, Isai Latha
|SJS Pictures
|
|-
|''[[Vimanam (2023 film)|Vimanam]]''
|Siva Prasad Yanala
|[[Samuthirakani]], [[Meera Jasmine]], [[Anasuya Bharadwaj]]
|Kiran Korrapati Creative Works
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 June 2023 |title='Vimanam' movie review: Samuthirakani and child actor Dhruvan shoulder the father-son story that gets progressively melodramatic |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vimanam-telugu-movie-review-samuthirakani-shoulders-a-melodramatic-tale/article66950062.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=16 June 2023 |archive-date=10 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610170320/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vimanam-telugu-movie-review-samuthirakani-shoulders-a-melodramatic-tale/article66950062.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#faf884;" |'''16'''
|''[[Bommai (2023 film)|Bommai]]''
|[[Radha Mohan]]
|[[S. J. Surya]], [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]], [[Chandini Tamilarasan]]
|Angel Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bommai Movie Review: SJ Suryah & Priya Bhavani Shankar's earnest performances let down by ineffective and chaotic writing |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/bommai/movie-review/101045303.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=16 June 2023 |archive-date=17 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617083606/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/bommai/movie-review/101045303.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Erumbu]]''
|Suresh G
|[[Charle]], [[M. S. Bhaskar]], [[George Maryan]]
|Mandru GVS Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Erumbu Movie Review: A small film with some good surprises |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/erumbu/movie-review/101014176.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=16 June 2023 |archive-date=15 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615130312/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/erumbu/movie-review/101014176.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;background:#faf884;" |'''23'''
|''[[Asvins (film)|Asvins]]''
|Tarun Teja
|[[Vasanth Ravi]], [[Vimala Raman]], Muralidaran
|[[Sri Venkateswara Cine Chitra]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Asvins Movie Review: A high-concept psychological horror thriller that engages only in parts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/asvins/movie-review/101185242.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622135804/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/asvins/movie-review/101185242.cms |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Azhagiya Kanne (2023 film)|Azhagiya Kanne]]''
|R. Vijayakumar
|Leo Sivakumar, [[Sanchita Shetty]], [[Singampuli]]
|Esthell Entertainers
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Azhagiya Kanne Movie Review: Cliched plot and uninspiring ideas let down Azhagiya Kanne |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/azhagiya-kanne/movie-review/101185170.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=23 June 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629060946/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/azhagiya-kanne/movie-review/101185170.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Naayaadi]]''
|Aadharsh Madhikaandham
|Aadharsh Madhikaandham, Kadhambari, Fabby
|Maya Creations
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2023 |title=Naayaadi Review |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/naayaadi-review-26384 |access-date=23 June 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629112617/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/naayaadi-review-26384 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Paayum Oli Nee Yenakku]]''
|Karthik Adwait
|[[Vikram Prabhu]], [[Vani Bhojan]], [[Dhananjay (actor)|Dhananjay]]
|Karrthik Movie House
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Paayum Oli Nee Yenakku Movie Review: Vikram Prabhu's thriller has nothing new to offer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/paayum-oli-nee-yenakku/movie-review/101234139.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=24 June 2023 |archive-date=26 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726051341/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/paayum-oli-nee-yenakku/movie-review/101234139.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Regina (2023 film)|Regina]]''
|Domin D'Silva
|[[Sunainaa]], [[Ananth Nag (Tamil actor)|Ananth Nag]], [[Vivek Prasanna]]
|Yellow Bear Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Regina Movie Review: Sunainaa shines in this unevenly written crime thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/regina/movie-review/101213138.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=23 June 2023 |archive-date=23 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623161112/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/regina/movie-review/101213138.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thalainagaram 2]]''
|[[V. Z. Durai]]
|[[Sundar C]], [[Pallak Lalwani]], [[Thambi Ramaiah]]
|Right Eye Theatres
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Thalainagaram 2 Movie Review: A gangster flick with ineffective narration |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thalainagaram-2/movie-review/101209557.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=23 June 2023 |archive-date=23 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623155608/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thalainagaram-2/movie-review/101209557.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thandatti]]''
|Ram Sangaiah
|[[Pasupathy]], [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]], [[Vivek Prasanna]]
|Prince Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Thandatti Movie Review: A fairly engaging rural drama with a unique premise |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thandatti/movie-review/101185340.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=23 June 2023 |archive-date=24 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624055427/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thandatti/movie-review/101185340.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#faf884;" |'''29'''
|''[[Maamannan]]''
|[[Mari Selvaraj]]
|[[Vadivelu]], [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]], [[Fahadh Faasil]], [[Keerthy Suresh]]
|[[Red Giant Movies]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Maamannan Movie Review: An okayish, but hardly potent sociopolitical drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/maamannan/movie-review/101361256.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=30 June 2023 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630153708/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/maamannan/movie-review/101361256.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#faf884;" |'''30'''
|''[[Kabadi Bro]]''
|Sathish Jayaraman
|Sujann, [[Priyaa Lal]], [[Singampuli]]
|Anjhana Cinemas
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=3 July 2023 |title=சினிமா விமர்சனம் : கபடி புரோ |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/kabadi-bro-film-review-999733 |access-date=20 July 2023 |website=dailythanthi.com |language=ta |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704063216/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/kabadi-bro-film-review-999733 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Kandathai Padikaathey''
|Jothi Murugan
|Adhithya, Aryan Ravi, Vaishali Thaniga
|BM Bully Movies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=2 July 2023 |title=கண்டதை படிக்காதே: சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/kandathai-padikathey-cinema-review-999046 |access-date=20 July 2023 |website=dailythanthi.com |language=ta |archive-date=19 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719115707/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/kandathai-padikathey-cinema-review-999046 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Salmon 3D]]''
|[[Shalil Kallur]]
|[[Vijay Yesudas]], [[Jonita Doda]], [[Rajiv Pillai]]
|MJS Media
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=സാല്‍മണ്‍ |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/movie-review/vijay-yesudas-jonita-doda-rajiv-pillai-neha-saxena-starrer-salmon-3d-movie-review-rating-in-malayalam/moviereview/101393224.cms |access-date=20 July 2023 |website=Samayam Malayalam |language=ml |archive-date=16 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716143013/https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/movie-review/vijay-yesudas-jonita-doda-rajiv-pillai-neha-saxena-starrer-salmon-3d-movie-review-rating-in-malayalam/moviereview/101393224.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== July – September ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!colspan="2" |Opening
!style="width:20%;" |Title
!Director
!Cast
!Studio
!class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}(s)
|-
|rowspan="26" style="text-align:center; background:plum; textcolor:#000;" |'''J U L'''
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''7'''
|''[[Bumper (film)|Bumper]]''
|M. Selvakumar
|[[Vetri (actor)|Vetri]], [[Shivani Narayanan]], [[Hareesh Peradi]]
|Vetha Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bumper Movie Review: A well-intentioned film that talks about honesty |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/bumper/movie-review/101534453.cms |access-date=20 July 2023 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=6 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706075513/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/bumper/movie-review/101534453.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Chitharikkapattavai''
|Ramkumar
|Ramkumar, Preethi, Thyagu
|Visual Creation
|
|-
|''[[Infinity (2023 film)|Infinity]]''
|Sai Karthik
|[[Natty Subramaniam|Natty]], [[Vidya Pradeep]], [[Munishkanth]]
|Menpani Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Infinity Movie Review: A chaotic investigative thriller that has nothing to offer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/infinity/movie-review/101566153.cms |access-date=20 July 2023 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708103046/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/infinity/movie-review/101566153.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kadapuraa Kalaikuzhu]]''
|Raja Gurusamy
|[[Kaali Venkat]], [[Munishkanth]], [[Mime Gopi]]
|Sakti Ciinee Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=maalaimalar |date=8 July 2023 |title=Kadapuraa Kalaikulu |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/kadapuraa-kalaikulu-26424 |access-date=20 July 2023 |website=maalaimalar.com |language=ta |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714054842/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/kadapuraa-kalaikulu-26424 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Rayar Parambarai]]''
|Ramnath
|[[Krishna Sekhar|Krishna]], [[Sharanya R Nair]], Anshula Dhawan
|Chinnasamy Cine Creations
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rayar Parambarai Movie Review: A rudderless talkathon in the guise of comedy |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/jul/08/rayar-parambarai-movie-reviewa-rudderless-talkathon-in-the-guise-of-comedy-45419.html |access-date=20 July 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=8 July 2023 |language=en |archive-date=16 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716173519/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/jul/08/rayar-parambarai-movie-reviewa-rudderless-talkathon-in-the-guise-of-comedy-45419.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vil Vithai]]''
|[[S. Hari Uthraa]]
|Arun Micheal Daniel, Arathya Gopalakrishnan, Guna
|[[S. Hari Uthraa|Uthraa Productions]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=maalaimalar |date=16 July 2023 |title=Vil Vithai |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/vil-vithai-26442 |access-date=20 July 2023 |website=maalaimalar.com |language=ta |archive-date=16 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716141913/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/vil-vithai-26442 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''14'''
|''Annamalaiyin Porulu''
|Ezhumalai
|Ezhumalai, Boys Rajan, [[Theepetti Ganesan]]
|Munishwaran Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=17 July 2023 |title=பொருளு: சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/porulu-film-review-1009735 |access-date=28 July 2023 |website=dailythanthi.com |language=ta |archive-date=27 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627040309/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/porulu-film-review-1009735 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Baba Black Sheep (2023 film)|Baba Black Sheep]]''
|Rajmohan Arumugam
|Abdul Ayaz, [[Ammu Abhirami]], [[RJ Vigneshkanth]]
|Romeo Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2023 |title=Baba Black Sheep Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/baba-black-sheep/movie-review/101734031.cms?from=mdr |access-date=14 July 2023 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714070735/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/baba-black-sheep/movie-review/101734031.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Maaveeran (2023 film)|Maaveeran]]''
|[[Madonne Ashwin]]
|[[Sivakarthikeyan]], [[Aditi Shankar]], [[Yogi Babu]]
|Shanthi Talkies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Maaveeran Movie Review: Sivakarthikeyan shines in an engaging but overlong fantasy entertainer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/maaveeran/movie-review/101752221.cms |access-date=20 July 2023 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=19 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719223014/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/maaveeran/movie-review/101752221.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Netru Naan Indru Nee''
|B. Nithianandam
|Aadit, Vinitha, Aravindraj
|Appa Talkies
|
|-
|rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''21'''
|''[[Aneethi]]''
|[[Vasanthabalan]]
|[[Arjun Das]], [[Dushara Vijayan]], [[Arjun Chidambaram]]
|Urban Boyz Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Aneethi Movie Review: Arjun Das-Dushara's terrific performance elevates this well-written emotional thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/aneethi/movie-review/102018606.cms |access-date=28 July 2023 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=27 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727202300/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/aneethi/movie-review/102018606.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Aval Appadithan 2]]''
|Chidambaram
|Syed Abdagir, Sneha Parthibaraja, Rajeshwari
|Yun Flicks
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=TheCinemaQuote |url=https://twitter.com/TheCinemaQuote/status/1682272693348081666 |access-date=28 July 2023 |language=en |via=Twitter |archive-date=27 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627040342/https://twitter.com/TheCinemaQuote/status/1682272693348081666 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=June 2024}}
|-
|''[[Echo (2023 film)|Echo]]''
|Nawin Ghanesh
|[[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]], [[Pooja Jhaveri]], [[Vidya Pradeep]]
|Sri Vishnu Visions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=maalaimalar |date=23 July 2023 |title=Echo |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/echo-26458 |access-date=28 July 2023 |website=maalaimalar.com |language=ta |archive-date=27 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727171702/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/echo-26458 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kolai (film)|Kolai]]''
|[[Balaji K. Kumar]]
|[[Vijay Antony]], [[Ritika Singh]], [[Meenakshi Chaudhary]]
|Infiniti Film Ventures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kolai Movie Review: An interesting yet slow-paced murder mystery thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kolai/movie-review/102007900.cms |access-date=28 July 2023 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=31 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731121017/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kolai/movie-review/102007900.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Raakadhan]]''
|Dinesh Kalaiselvan
|[[Vamsi Krishna]], [[Gayatri Rema]], [[Riyaz Khan]]
|Marudham Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2023 |title=இராக்கதன் : சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/raakadhan-movie-review-1015713 |access-date=27 July 2023 |archive-date=7 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807022103/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/raakadhan-movie-review-1015713 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sathiya Sothanai]]''
|Suresh Sangaiah
|[[Premji Amaren]], Swayam Siddha, [[Reshma Pasupuleti]]
|Super Talkies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sathiya Sothanai Movie Review: An okayish rural entertainer that's engaging in parts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/sathiya-sothanai/movie-review/101981428.cms?from=mdr |access-date=28 July 2023 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=21 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721132804/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/sathiya-sothanai/movie-review/101981428.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sync (film)|Sync]]''
|Vikas Anand Sridharan
|[[Kishen Das]], [[Monica Chinnakotla]], [[Soundarya Bala Nandakumar]]
|Mongoose Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sync Movie Review: A promising screen-life horror let down by an age-old plot |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/jul/21/sync-movie-review-a-promising-screen-life-horror-let-down-by-an-age-old-plot-45842.html |access-date=28 July 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=21 July 2023 |language=en |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722140759/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/jul/21/sync-movie-review-a-promising-screen-life-horror-let-down-by-an-age-old-plot-45842.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="9" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''28'''
|''[[Appatha]]''
|[[Priyadarshan]]
|[[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], Siddharth Babu, [[Aruldoss]]
|[[Suresh Balaje|Wide Angle Creations Production]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sudevan |first=Praveen |date=31 July 2023 |title='Appatha' movie review: An undercooked melodrama with generic sentimentality and little substance |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/appatha-movie-review-an-undercooked-melodrama-with-generic-sentimentality-and-little-substance/article67131628.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=5 October 2023 |archive-date=10 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810155257/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/appatha-movie-review-an-undercooked-melodrama-with-generic-sentimentality-and-little-substance/article67131628.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Aramudaitha Kombu''
|Jackson Raj
|Ananda Kumar, Jesi Rathnavathy, Shanmuga Sundaram
|US Fruits
|
|-
|''[[DD Returns]]''
|S. Prem Anand
|[[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]], [[Surbhi]], [[Redin Kingsley]]
|RK Entertainment
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=DD Returns Movie Review: A well-staged, hilarious comic caper where the laughs don't run out |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/dd-returns/movie-review/102186072.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=28 July 2023 |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728134812/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/dd-returns/movie-review/102186072.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Dinosaurs (film)|Dinosaurs]]''
|M. R. Madhavan
|[[Avishek Karthik|Udhay Karthik]], [[Rishi Rithvik]], [[Saipriya Deva]]
|Galaxy Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dinosaurs Movie Review: Unique narrative and staging make this gangster drama a noteworthy addition to the genre |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/dinosaurs/movie-review/102162836.cms |access-date=28 July 2023 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=27 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727171702/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/dinosaurs/movie-review/102162836.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[LGM (film)|LGM]]''
|Ramesh Thamilmani
|[[Harish Kalyan]], [[Nadhiya]], [[Ivana (actress)|Ivana]]
|[[M. S. Dhoni|Dhoni Entertainment]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=LGM: Let's Get Married Movie Review: LGM - Not a sixer this time |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/lgm-lets-get-married/movie-review/102186042.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=28 July 2023 |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728080238/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/lgm-lets-get-married/movie-review/102186042.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Love (2023 film)|Love]]''
|R. P. Bala
|[[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]], [[Vani Bhojan]], [[Vivek Prasanna]]
|RP Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Love Movie Review: A mystery drama that could have been better |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/love/movie-review/102164360.cms |access-date=28 July 2023 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=27 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627040311/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/love/movie-review/102164360.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pizza 3: The Mummy]]''
|Mohan Govind
|[[Ashwin Kakumanu]], Pavithrah Marimuthu, [[Gaurav Narayanan]]
|[[Thirukumaran Entertainment]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pizza 3: The Mummy Movie Review: A well-made horror thriller that's interesting in bits |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pizza-3-the-mummy/movie-review/102250259.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=10 August 2023 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802023534/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pizza-3-the-mummy/movie-review/102250259.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Terror''
|Arasu
|Arasu, Suhana Gowda, [[Karate Raja]]
|R Pictures International
|
|-
|''Yokkiyan''
|Saiprabha Meena
|[[Jai Akash]], Kushi Mugar, [[Chaams]]
|Moon Star Pictures
|
|-
|rowspan="16" style="text-align:center; background:#ff91af; textcolor:#000;" |'''A U G'''
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''4'''
|''Kallarai''
|A. B. R.
|Sogoramesh, Deepthi Dewan, Pudhupettai Suresh
|Good News Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2023 |title=கல்லறை : சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/kallarai-cinema-review-1025697 |access-date=10 August 2023 |archive-date=10 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810232644/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/kallarai-cinema-review-1025697 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Lockdown Diarie''
|Jolly Bastian
|Vihaan Jolly, [[Neha Saxena (film actress)|Neha Saxena]], Sahana Sajad
|Ankitha Productions
|
|-
|''[[Priyamudan Priya]]''
|A. J. Sujith
|[[Ashok Kumar Balakrishnan|Ashok Kumar]], [[Leesha Eclairs]], [[Suresh (actor, born 1963)|Suresh]]
|Golden Glory Movies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2023 |title=பிரியமுடன் பிரியா: சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/priyamudan-priya-cinema-review-1026433 |access-date=10 August 2023 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002224905/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/priyamudan-priya-cinema-review-1026433 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Saandrithazh]]''
|J. V. R.
|[[Harikumar (actor)|Harikumar]], [[Roshan Basheer]], Ashika
|Vettrivel Cinemas
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2023 |title=சான்றிதழ்: சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/saandrithazh-tamil-movie-review-1025036 |access-date=10 August 2023 |archive-date=14 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914211402/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/saandrithazh-tamil-movie-review-1025036 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Web (2023 film)|Web]]''
|N. Haroon Rasheed
|[[Natty Subramaniam|Natty]], [[Shilpa Manjunath]], [[Rajendran]]
|Velan Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Web Movie Review: A poorly-written thriller that struggles to impress |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/web/movie-review/102427416.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=10 August 2023 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811072433/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/web/movie-review/102427416.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''10'''
|''[[Jailer (2023 Tamil film)|Jailer]]''
|[[Nelson Dilipkumar|Nelson]]
|[[Rajinikanth]], [[Vinayakan]], [[Ramya Krishnan]], [[Vasanth Ravi]]
|[[Sun Pictures]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jailer Movie Review: It's director Nelson's show in the first half, superstar Rajini takes the baton in the second half |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/jailer/movie-review/102602413.cms?from=mdr |work=The Times of India |access-date=10 August 2023 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811090030/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/jailer/movie-review/102602413.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''11'''
|''[[Vaan Moondru]]''
|A. M. R. Murugesh
|[[Delhi Ganesh]], [[Leela Samson]], Aadhitya Bhaskar
|Cinemakaaran
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2023 |title=Hope And Life Triumph In Aha's Vaan Moondru |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/120823/aha-original-vaan-moondru-movie-review.html |access-date=13 August 2023 |archive-date=7 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907090408/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/120823/aha-original-vaan-moondru-movie-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''18'''
|''[[Broken Script]]''
|Giovanni Singh
|[[Rio Raj]], Moon Nila, Gunalan Morgan
|Streetlight Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2023 |title=புரோக்கன் ஸ்கிரிப்ட்: சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/broken-script-cinema-review-1035012 |website=dailythanthi.com |access-date=1 September 2023 |archive-date=16 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916232816/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/broken-script-cinema-review-1035012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Vivasayi Ennum Naan''
|P. Pachamuthu
|Poovarasan, [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]], [[Vela Ramamoorthy]]
|PKS Production
|
|-
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''25'''
|''[[3.6.9]]''
|Shiva Madhav
|[[K. Bhagyaraj]], PGS, [[Black Pandi]]
|PGS Production
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2023 |title=சினிமா விமர்சனம்: 3.6.9 |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/cinema-review-369-1034342 |website=dailythanthi.com |access-date=1 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901084422/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/cinema-review-369-1034342 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Adiyae]]''
|[[Vignesh Karthick]]
|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], [[Gouri G. Kishan|Gouri Kishan]], [[Venkat Prabhu]]
|Maali & Manvi Movie Makers
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Adiyae Movie Review : GV Prakash and Gouri G Kishan shine in an inventive sci-fi romance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/adiyae/movie-review/103064054.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=1 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901153754/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/adiyae/movie-review/103064054.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Black 'n' White''
|S. Dheekshi
|[[Karthik Raj]], Arthika, Shravnitha
|[[Karthik Raj|K Studios]]
|
|-
|''[[Kakkan]]''
|Prabhu Manikkam
|Joseph Baby, Manigandan, Bakhrudeen
|Shankar Movies International
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=டீம் |first=விகடன் |date=27 August 2023 |title=கக்கன் விமர்சனம்: எளிமையான அரசியல் ஆளுமை; வாழ்க்கை வரலாறு சரியாகப் படமாக்கப்பட்டிருக்கிறதா? |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/vikatans-kakkan-tamil-movie-review |website=vikatan.com/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901152250/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/vikatans-kakkan-tamil-movie-review |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Partner (2023 film)|Partner]]''
|Manoj Damodharan
|[[Aadhi Pinisetty]], [[Hansika Motwani]], [[Yogi Babu]]
|Royal Fortuna Creations
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Partner Movie Review : A flat sci-fi comedy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/partner/movie-review/103064268.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=1 September 2023 |archive-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825135524/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/partner/movie-review/103064268.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Ramar Palam''
|M. Shanmugavel
|Madhu, Nikita, Shanmugavel
|Cinema Company
|
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''26'''
|''[[Harkara]]''
|Ram Arun Castro
|[[Kaali Venkat]], Ram Arun Castro, Gowthami Chowdhry
|Kalorful Beta Movement
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2023 |title=ஹர்காரா - சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/harkara-movie-review-1040133 |website=dailythanthi.com |access-date=1 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901152257/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/harkara-movie-review-1040133 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="26" style="text-align:center; background:orange; textcolor:#000; |'''S E P'''
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ffc04c;" |'''1'''
|''[[Karumegangal Kalaigindrana]]''
|[[Thangar Bachan]]
|[[Bharathiraja]], [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]], [[Yogi Babu]]
|VAU Media Entertainments
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Karumegangal Kalaigindrana Movie Review : An emotional drama that could have been better |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/karumegangal-kalaigindrana/movie-review/103256140.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=1 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901152249/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/karumegangal-kalaigindrana/movie-review/103256140.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kick (2023 film)|Kick]]''
|[[Prashant Raj]]
|[[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]], [[Tanya Hope]], [[Brahmanandam]]
|Fortune Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kick Movie Review : Santhanam's Kick is not powerful enough to create an impact |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kick/movie-review/103283284.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=1 September 2023 |archive-date=27 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627040313/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kick/movie-review/103283284.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Lucky Man (2023 film)|Lucky Man]]''
|[[Balaji Venugopal]]
|[[Yogi Babu]], [[Veera Bahu]], Raichal Rebecca
|Think Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lucky Man Movie Review : Lucky Man runs out of luck in the second half |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/lucky-man/movie-review/103287028.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=1 September 2023 |archive-date=26 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926181838/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/lucky-man/movie-review/103287028.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Paramporul]]''
|C. Aravind Raj
|[[R. Sarathkumar]], [[Amitash Pradhan]], [[Kashmira Pardeshi]]
|Kavi Creations
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Paramporul Movie Review : Sarathkumar lifts this engaging crime drama on idol trade |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/paramporul/movie-review/103234777.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=1 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901152249/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/paramporul/movie-review/103234777.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Rangoli (2023 film)|Rangoli]]''
|Vaali Mohandas Murugan
|Hamaresh Sathish, Prarthana Sandeep, [[Aadukalam Murugadoss|Murugadoss]]
|Gopuram Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=KR |first=Manigandan |date=1 September 2023 |title=Rangoli review: Director Vaali Mohan Das' family drama is rooted in reality |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/rangoli-movie-review/ |access-date=1 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901164237/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/rangoli-movie-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ffc04c;" |'''7'''
|''[[Tamil Kudimagan]]''
|[[Esakki Karvannan]]
|[[Cheran (director)|Cheran]], [[Lal (actor)|Lal]], [[Sri Priyanka]]
|Lakshmi Creations
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tamil Kudimagan Movie Review : An honest attempt, despite underwhelming writing |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/tamil-kudimagan/movie-review/103477872.cms?from=mdr |work=The Times of India |access-date=8 September 2023 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908093941/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/tamil-kudimagan/movie-review/103477872.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ffc04c;" |'''8'''
|''[[Angaaragan]]''
|Mohan Dachu
|[[Sathyaraj]], Sreepathy, Reina Karad
|Primerose Entertainments
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2023 |title=Angaaragan |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/angaaragan-27393 |website=maalaimalar.com |access-date=14 September 2023 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908090938/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/angaaragan-27393 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Noodles (film)|Noodles]]''
|Madhan Dakshinamoorthy
|[[Harish Uthaman]], [[Sheela Rajkumar]], SJ Aazhiva
|Rolling Sound Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Noodles Movie Review : An intense-yet-engaging thriller that's worth a watch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/noodles/movie-review/103504503.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=8 September 2023 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908112713/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/noodles/movie-review/103504503.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Oongi Adicha Ondra Ton Weightu Da''
|G. Siva
|G. Siva, Hima Sree
|JSAM Cinemas
|
|-
|''[[Red Sandal Wood]]''
|Guru Ramaanujam
|[[Vetri (actor)|Vetri]], Diyaa Mayurikha, [[Ganesh Venkatraman]]
|JN Cinemas
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Red Sandal Wood Movie Review : A great idea let down by weak writing |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/red-sandal-wood/movie-review/103527860.cms?from=mdr |work=The Times of India |access-date=14 September 2023 |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927124834/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/red-sandal-wood/movie-review/103527860.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Striker (2023 film)|Striker]]''
|S. A. Prabhu
|Justin Vijay, [[Vidya Pradeep]], [[Kasthuri Shankar]]
|ASW Creations
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2023 |title=Striker |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/striker-27396 |website=maalaimalar.com |access-date=14 September 2023 |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927121356/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/striker-27396 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thudikkum Karangal (2023 film)|Thudikkum Karangal]]''
|Velu Doss
|[[Vimal (actor)|Vimal]], Misha Narang, [[Sathish]]
|Odiyan Talkies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Thudikkum Karangal Movie Review : A run-of-the-mill action crime drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thudikkum-karangal/movie-review/103527767.cms?from=mdr |work=The Times of India |access-date=14 September 2023 |archive-date=9 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909170058/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thudikkum-karangal/movie-review/103527767.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ffc04c;" |'''15'''
|''Aanmeega Azhaippu''
|Sathyamoorthy Jeyaguru
|Sathyamoorthy Jeyaguru, Subiksha, Aadesh Bala
|Sathya Sudha Creations
|
|-
|''[[En 6 Vaathiyaar Kaalpanthatta Kuzhu]]''
|[[S. Hari Uthraa]]
|Sharath, [[Ayraa]], [[Ganja Karuppu]]
|PSS Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2023 |title=No.6 Vaathiyaar Kaalpandhatta Kuzhu |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/no6-vaathiyaar-kaalpandhatta-kuzhu-27413 |website=maalaimalar.com |access-date=19 September 2023 |archive-date=1 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001104128/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/no6-vaathiyaar-kaalpandhatta-kuzhu-27413 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mark Antony (2023 film)|Mark Antony]]''
|[[Adhik Ravichandran]]
|[[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]], [[S. J. Surya]], [[Ritu Varma]]
|Mini Studio
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mark Antony Movie Review : SJ Suryah rules this quirky sci-fi gangster drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/mark-antony/movie-review/103688195.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=19 September 2023 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918080554/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/mark-antony/movie-review/103688195.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Parivarthanai]]''
|S. Manibharathi
|Surjith, Swathi, Rajeshwari
|MSV Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=maalaimalar |date=14 September 2023 |title=Parivarthanai |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/parivarthanai-27410 |access-date=27 September 2023 |website=maalaimalar.com |language=ta |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927115919/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/parivarthanai-27410 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ffc04c;" |'''22'''
|''[[Aima (film)|Aima]]''
|Rahul R. Krishna
|Yunus Mohammed, Evlin Juliet, Shanmugam Ramaswamy
|Tamil Exotic Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2023 |title=Aima |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/aima-27427 |website=maalaimalar.com |access-date=22 September 2023 |archive-date=1 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001103429/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/aima-27427 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Are You Ok Baby?]]''
|[[Lakshmy Ramakrishnan]]
|[[Samuthirakani]], [[Abhirami (actress, born 1983)|Abhirami]], [[Mysskin]]
|Monkey Creative Labs
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Are You Ok Baby Movie Review : A well-intentioned film that explores adoption and its complications |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/are-you-ok-baby/movie-review/103833065.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=22 September 2023 |archive-date=25 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925182554/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/are-you-ok-baby/movie-review/103833065.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Demon (2023 film)|Demon]]''
|Ramesh Pazhanivel
|[[Sachin Mani]], [[Abarnathi]], [[Ashvin Raja]]
|Window Boys Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demon Movie Review: Jarring music, subpar performances, and pacing issues bog down this promising horror film |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/sep/22/demon-movie-review-jarring-music-subpar-performances-and-pacing-issues-bog-down-this-promising-ho-47887.html |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=22 September 2023 |access-date=22 September 2023 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928213810/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/sep/22/demon-movie-review-jarring-music-subpar-performances-and-pacing-issues-bog-down-this-promising-ho-47887.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Kadathal''
|[[Salangai Durai]]
|Damodharan, Vithisha, [[Nizhalgal Ravi]]
|[[Salangai Durai|South Indian Productions]]
|
|-
|''[[Kezhapaya]]''
|Yazh Gunasekaran
|Kathiresakumar, Krishna Kumar, Vijaya Ranadheeran
|Raamson Cine Creations
|<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=19 September 2023 |title=கெழப்பய - சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/kezhapaya-movie-review-1055840 |website=dailythanthi.com |access-date=19 September 2023 |archive-date=19 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919233542/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/kezhapaya-movie-review-1055840 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Maal]]''
|Dinesh Kumaran
|Saikarthi, [[Gowri Nandha]], Gajaraj
|Kovai Film Mates
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maal Review: This hyperlink drama doesn't deliver the thrills |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/maal-review-this-hyperlink-drama-by-a-bunch-of-newcomers-fails-to-deliver-the-thrills/1231a06593174 |website=OTTPlay |access-date=26 September 2023 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003002640/https://www.ottplay.com/review/maal-review-this-hyperlink-drama-by-a-bunch-of-newcomers-fails-to-deliver-the-thrills/1231a06593174 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ulagammai]]''
|[[V. Jayaprakash]]
|[[Gouri G. Kishan|Gouri Kishan]], Vetri Mithran, [[G. Marimuthu]]
|[[V. Jayaprakash|Madras Digital Cinema Academy]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2023 |title=Ulagammai |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/ulagammai-27440 |website=maalaimalar.com |access-date=26 September 2023 |archive-date=26 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926214257/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/ulagammai-27440 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ffc04c;" |'''28'''
|''[[Chandramukhi 2]]''
|[[P. Vasu]]
|[[Raghava Lawrence]], [[Kangana Ranaut]], [[Vadivelu]]
|[[Lyca Productions]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chandramukhi 2 Movie Review : Chandramukhi 2 is a 'not bad, nothing more' sequel |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/chandramukhi-2/movie-review/104011710.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=1 October 2023 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002013658/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/chandramukhi-2/movie-review/104011710.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Chithha]]''
|[[S. U. Arun Kumar]]
|[[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]], [[Nimisha Sajayan]], Sahasra Shree
|[[Siddharth (actor)|Etaki Entertainment]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chithha Movie Review : Siddharth's Chithha is a hard-hitting and deeply unsettling tale of abuse |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/chithha/movie-review/103951856.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=27 September 2023 |archive-date=27 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627040312/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/chithha/movie-review/103951856.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Iraivan]]''
|[[I. Ahmed]]
|[[Jayam Ravi]], [[Nayanthara]], [[Rahul Bose]]
|Passion Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Iraivan Movie Review : A psycho-thriller that could have been better |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/iraivan/movie-review/104012422.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=1 October 2023 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928103054/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/iraivan/movie-review/104012422.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== October – December ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!colspan="2" |Opening
!style="width:20%;" |Title
!Director
!Cast
!Studio
!class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}(s)
|-
|rowspan="18" style="text-align:center; background:#f40b0b; textcolor:#000;" |'''O C T'''
|rowspan="9" style="text-align:center;background:#f9827c;" |'''6'''
|''[[800 (film)|800]]''
|M. S. Sripathy
|[[Madhur Mittal]], [[Mahima Nambiar]], [[Narain (actor)|Narain]]
|Movie Train Motion Picture
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=800 Movie Review : A dutiful biopic of Muthiah Muralitharan that could have done with more drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/800/movie-review/104184709.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=5 October 2023 |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005204154/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/800/movie-review/104184709.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Dhillu Irundha Poradu]]''
|S. K. Muralidharan
|Karthik Doss, [[Anu Krishna]], [[Yogi Babu]]
|KP Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2023 |title=தில்லு இருந்தா போராடு: சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/dhillu-irundha-poradu-film-review-1070386 |website=dailythanthi.com |access-date=14 October 2023 |archive-date=26 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026120406/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/dhillu-irundha-poradu-film-review-1070386 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''En Iniye Thanimaye''
|Sagu Pandian
|Sreepathy, Mayoori, Reesha
|Black Diamond Studio
|
|-
|''[[Enaku Endey Kidaiyaathu]]''
|Vikram Ramesh
|Vikram Ramesh, Swayam Siddha, Sivakumar Raju
|Hungry Wolf Production
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2023 |title=எனக்கு எண்டே கிடையாது - சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/enaku-endey-kidaiyaathu-cinema-review-1069749 |website=dailythanthi.com |access-date=14 October 2023 |archive-date=13 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013044829/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/enaku-endey-kidaiyaathu-cinema-review-1069749 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Indha Crime Thappilla]]''
|Devakumar
|Pandi Kamal, Meghana Ellen, [[Aadukalam Naren]]
|Madhurya Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2023 |title=இந்த கிரைம் தப்பில்ல - சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/intha-crime-thappilla-cinema-review-1071097 |website=dailythanthi.com |access-date=14 October 2023 |archive-date=25 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025102143/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/intha-crime-thappilla-cinema-review-1071097 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Irugapatru]]''
|[[Yuvaraj Dhayalan]]
|[[Vikram Prabhu]], [[Shraddha Srinath]], [[Vidharth]], [[Sri (actor)|Sri]]
|Potential Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Irugapatru Movie Review : A satisfying relationship drama that could have had less message and more life |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/irugapatru/movie-review/104147715.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=5 October 2023 |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005233124/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/irugapatru/movie-review/104147715.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Raththam]]''
|[[C. S. Amudhan]]
|[[Vijay Antony]], [[Mahima Nambiar]], [[Nandita Swetha]]
|Infiniti Film Ventures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Raththam Movie Review : A crime drama with good ideas and bland execution |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/raththam/movie-review/104209338.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=14 October 2023 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014102739/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/raththam/movie-review/104209338.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Shot Boot Three]]''
|[[Arun Vaidyanathan]]
|[[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]], [[Venkat Prabhu]], [[Yogi Babu]]
|[[Arun Vaidyanathan|Universe Creations]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/shot-boot-three/movie-review/104250794.cms |title=Shot Boot Three Movie Review : A heart-warming tale for kids |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=14 October 2023 |archive-date=13 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013222440/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/shot-boot-three/movie-review/104250794.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Road (2023 film)|The Road]]''
|Arun Vaseegaran
|[[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]], [[Shabeer Kallarakkal]], [[Santhosh Prathap]]
|AAA Cinemaa
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/the-road/movie-review/104193990.cms |title=The Road Movie Review : Shabeer shines in this decent crime thriller starring Trisha |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=5 October 2023 |archive-date=6 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006043846/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/the-road/movie-review/104193990.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#f9827c;" |'''13'''
|''[[Akku (2023 film)|Akku]]''
|Stalin Venkatachalam
|[[Prajin]], [[Gayatri Rema]], Venkatesh
|Ambigapathy Movie Makers
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akku |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/akku-27495 |access-date=25 October 2023 |archive-date=18 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018105533/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/akku-27495 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kundan Satti]]''
|P. K. Aghasthi
|Sriram, Vidyuth Srinivas, Vishodhan
|Shellammal Movie Makers
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kundan Satti |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/kundan-satti-27491 |access-date=25 October 2023 |archive-date=26 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026060133/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/kundan-satti-27491 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Mayilanji''
|V. K. Natarajan
|[[Vishnupriyan]], Rishi Prakash, Shweta Natraj
|Good Try Entertainment
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mayilanji |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/mayilanji-27494 |access-date=9 January 2024 |archive-date=31 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031193937/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/mayilanji-27494 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pudhu Vedham]]''
|Rasavikram
|[[J. Vignesh|Vignesh]], [[Kaakkaa Muttai Ramesh|Ramesh]], [[Imman Annachi]]
|Vittal Movies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pdhu Vedham |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/pdhu-vedham-27492 |access-date=9 January 2024 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029152527/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/pdhu-vedham-27492 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#f9827c;" |'''19'''
|''[[Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]]''
|[[Lokesh Kanagaraj]]
||[[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Arjun Sarja]], [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]]
|[[Seven Screen Studio]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=S |first=Sridevi |date=19 October 2023 |title=Leo Movie Review : Lokesh rolls out a 'red' carpet to welcome Vijay to LCU |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/leo/movie-review/104545253.cms |url-status=live |access-date=19 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019063448/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/leo/movie-review/104545253.cms |archive-date=19 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#f9827c;" |'''20'''
|''[[Thiraiyin Marupakkam]]''
|Nitin Samson
|Mohammed Ghouse, Natarajan Manigandan, Nitin Samson
|360 Degrees
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thiraiyin Marupakkam |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/thiraiyin-marupakkam-27668 |access-date=9 January 2024 |archive-date=20 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020174919/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/thiraiyin-marupakkam-27668 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#f9827c;" |'''21'''
|''Kuttram Nadanthathu Enna?''
|Sasidhar
|[[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], Sri Teja, Balu, Vignesh Karthick, Priya, Urmila Chetty
|GVP Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYRyAjU9vS4|title=Kuttram Nadanthathu Enna? (2023) Tamil Full Thriller Movie 4K &#124; #Nassar, Sri Teja, Balu, Vignesh, HD|date=21 October 2023|via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f9827c;" |'''27'''
|''[[Pebbles (film)|Koozhangal]]''
|[[PS Vinothraj]]
|Chellapandi, Karuththadaiyaan, Philip Aruldoss
|[[Vignesh Shivan|Rowdy Pictures]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/koozhangal-movie-review/article33750239.ece |title='Koozhangal' movie review: A sensational debut from PS Vinothraj that is evocative, visceral and powerful |newspaper=The Hindu |date=4 February 2021 |last1=S |first1=Srivatsan |access-date=25 October 2023 |archive-date=30 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730103359/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/koozhangal-movie-review/article33750239.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Margazhi Thingal]]''
|[[Manoj Bharathiraja]]
|[[Bharathiraja]], [[Suseenthiran]], Shyam Shelvan
|[[Suseenthiran|Vennila Productions]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/margazhi-thingal/movie-review/104771209.cms |title=Margazhi Thingal Movie Review : A touching love story that makes for a decent watch |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=7 November 2023 |archive-date=27 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627025317/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/margazhi-thingal/movie-review/104771209.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="20" style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''N O V'''
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''1'''
|''A Home Away from Home''
|[[Kumar G. Venkatesh]]
|Manisa Tait, Aneesh Surendar, [[Nizhalgal Ravi]]
|Movie Sahara Asia
|
|-
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''3'''
|''[[Kapil Returns]]''
|Srini Soundarajan
|Srini Soundarajan, Nimisha, [[Riyaz Khan]]
|Dhanalakshmi Creations
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kapil Returns |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/kapil-returns-27705 |access-date=9 January 2024 |archive-date=7 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107165320/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/kapil-returns-27705 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Kombu Kuthiraigal''
|Jeera Selvyn
|Vinoth Jeeva, S. Jeeva, Sneha
|Anshika Movie Makers
|
|-
|''[[License (2023 film)|License]]''
|Ganapathi Balamurugan
|Rajalakshmi Senthil, [[Radha Ravi]], [[Dhanya Ananya]]
|JRG Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=License |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/license-27701 |access-date=9 January 2024 |archive-date=6 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106173554/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/license-27701 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ra Ra Sarasukku Ra Ra]]''
|Keshav Depur
|Karthik Pamidimukkala, [[Gayatri Rema]], [[Kalloori Vinoth]]
|Sky Wanders Entertainments
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ra Ra Sarasukku Ra Ra |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/ra-ra-sarasukku-ra-ra-27703 |access-date=9 January 2024 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108065356/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/ra-ra-sarasukku-ra-ra-27703 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Rule Number 4]]''
|Elwin Bosser
|Pratheesh Krishna, Shree Gopika, [[Mohan Vaidya (singer)|Mohan Vaidya]]
|YSTMY Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rule Number 4 |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/rule-number-4-27704 |access-date=9 January 2024 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108070200/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/rule-number-4-27704 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''4'''
|''[[Bottle Radha]]''
|Dhinakaran Sivalingam
|[[Guru Somasundaram]], [[Sanchana Natarajan]], [[John Vijay]], [[Lollu Sabha Maaran]]
|[[Neelam Productions]], Balloon Pictures
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Jayabhuvaneshwari |date=2024-12-18 |title=Bottle Radha gets new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Dec/18/bottle-radha-gets-new-release-date |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''10'''
|''[[Japan (2023 film)|Japan]]''
|[[Raju Murugan]]
|[[Karthi]], [[Anu Emmanuel]], [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]]
|[[Dream Warrior Pictures]]
| <ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/japan/movie-review/105118991.cms |title=Japan Movie Review : A committed Karthi can save predictably plotted Japan only to an extent |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=17 November 2023 |archive-date=17 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117002732/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/japan/movie-review/105118991.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Jigarthanda DoubleX]]''
|[[Karthik Subbaraj]]
|[[Raghava Lawrence]], [[S. J. Suryah]], [[Nimisha Sajayan]]
|[[Stone Bench Films]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/jigarthanda-doublex/movie-review/105124930.cms |title=Jigarthanda DoubleX Movie Review : Tries to be another Jigarthanda, but falls a little short |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=17 November 2023 |archive-date=11 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111181109/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/jigarthanda-doublex/movie-review/105124930.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Raid (2023 film)|Raid]]''
|Karthi
|[[Vikram Prabhu]], [[Sri Divya]], Ananthika Sanilkumar
|[[M. Muthaiya|M Studios]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/raid/movie-review/105153085.cms |title=Raid Movie Review : This Raid is empty-headed |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=17 November 2023 |archive-date=17 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117002732/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/raid/movie-review/105153085.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''11'''
|''[[Kida (film)|Kida]]''
|Ra. Venkat
|[[Kaali Venkat]], [[Poo Ram]], Deepan
|[[Sri Sravanthi Movies]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kida/movie-review/105151174.cms |title=Kida Movie Review : Feel-goodness overcomes formulaic writing in Kida |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=17 November 2023 |archive-date=17 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117002731/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kida/movie-review/105151174.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''18'''
|''Ambu Naadu Ombathu Kuppam''
|G. Rajaji
|Sangakiri Manickam, Harshidasree, Prabhu Manickam
|BK Films International
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://x.com/MiniCinemaWorld/status/1726895672669114815?s=20|title=x.com|website=X (formerly Twitter)}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Chaitra (2023 film)|Chaitra]]''
|M. Jenithkumar
|[[Yashika Aannand]], Avitej Reddy, Shakthi Mahendra
|Mars Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cinema.dinakaran.com/chaitra_review/ |title=சைத்ரா: விமர்சனம் |date=16 November 2023 |access-date=24 November 2023 |archive-date=27 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627025322/https://cinema.dinakaran.com/chaitra_review/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''20'''
|''[[Kaadhal Enbadhu Podhu Udamai]]''
|[[Jayaprakash Radhakrishnan]]
|[[Vineeth]], [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]], [[Lijomol Jose]], Anusha Prabhu
|Mankind Cinemas, Symmetry Cinemas, Nith's Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-01-02 |title=Vineeth-Rohini's Kaadhal Enbadhu Podhuudamai gets U/A certificate |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jan/02/vineeth-rohinis-kaadhal-enbadhu-podhuudamai-gets-ua-certificate |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" |'''24'''
|''[[80s Buildup]]''
|[[Kalyaan]]
|[[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]], [[Radhika Preethi]], [[K. S. Ravikumar]]
|[[Studio Green]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/80s-buildup/movie-review/105479785.cms |title=80s Buildup Movie Review : A comedy with potential that misfires |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=24 November 2023 |archive-date=27 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627040828/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/80s-buildup/movie-review/105479785.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Azhagai Pookuthe''
|G. Raj
|Raj, Maya, Chaplin Balu
|SSV Enterprises
|
|-
|''[[Joe (2023 film)|Joe]]''
|Hariharan Ram
|[[Rio Raj]], Malavika Manoj, Bhavya Trikha
|Vision Cinema House
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/joe/movie-review/105479837.cms |title=Joe Movie Review : A decent romance that could have cut deeper |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=24 November 2023 |archive-date=24 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124165811/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/joe/movie-review/105479837.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kuiko]]''
|T. Arul Chezhian
|[[Vidharth]], [[Yogi Babu]], [[Sri Priyanka]]
|AST Films LLP
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kuiko/movie-review/105526023.cms |title=Kuiko Movie Review : A genteel dramedy that has its charms |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=4 December 2023 |archive-date=4 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204003933/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kuiko/movie-review/105526023.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Locker (film)|Locker]]''
|Rajasekar Natarajan
|Vignesh Shanmugam, Niranjani Ashokan, Nivas Adithan
|Narayanan Selvam Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.dinamalar.com/vimar-detail.php?id=3367 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125114822/https://m.dinamalar.com/vimar-detail.php?id=3367 |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 November 2023 |title=லாக்கர் |date=30 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sila Nodigalil]]''
|[[Vinay Bharadwaj]]
|[[Richard Rishi]], [[Punnagai Poo Gheetha]], [[Yashika Aannand]]
|[[Punnagai Poo Gheetha|Esquire Productions]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/sila-nodigalil-128002 |title=Sila Nodigalil |date=23 November 2023 |access-date=1 December 2023 |archive-date=24 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124191817/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/sila-nodigalil-128002 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="34" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;" |'''D E C'''
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#F7C099;" |'''1'''
|''[[Annapoorani]]''
|Nilesh Krishnaa
|[[Nayanthara]], [[Jai (actor)|Jai]], [[Sathyaraj]]
|[[Zee Studios]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/annapoorani-the-goddess-of-food/movie-review/105662680.cms |title=Annapoorani: The Goddess of Food Movie Review : This feel-good film is agreeably cooked to cater for a broad palate |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=4 December 2023 |archive-date=4 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204003932/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/annapoorani-the-goddess-of-food/movie-review/105662680.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Naadu]]''
|[[M. Saravanan (film director)|M. Saravanan]]
|Tharshan, [[Mahima Nambiar]], [[Singampuli]]
|Sri Arch Media
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/tharshan-mahima-nambiar-naadu-movie-review-in-tamil-474961 |title=தர்ஷன் நடித்துள்ள நாடு படம் எப்படி இருக்கு? திரை விமர்சனம்! |date=28 November 2023 |access-date=1 December 2023 |archive-date=9 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209052703/https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/tharshan-mahima-nambiar-naadu-movie-review-in-tamil-474961 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Parking (2023 film)|Parking]]''
|Ramkumar Balakrishnan
|[[Harish Kalyan]], [[Indhuja]], [[M. S. Bhaskar]]
|Passion Studios
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/parking/movie-review/105662716.cms |title=Parking Movie Review : Harish Kalyan and MS Bhaskar excel in a tensely staged drama on an everyday issue |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=4 December 2023 |archive-date=4 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204003932/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/parking/movie-review/105662716.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sooragan]]''
|Sathish Geethakumar
|Karthikeyan, [[Subiksha Krishnan]], [[Suresh Chandra Menon]]
|3rd Eye Cine Creations
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/sooragan-157013 |title=Sooragan |date=30 November 2023 |access-date=1 December 2023 |archive-date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203142123/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/sooragan-157013 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Va Varalam Va]]''
|[[L. G. Ravichandran]]
|Balaji Murugadoss, Mahana Sanjeevi, [[Redin Kingsley]]
|SGS Creative Media
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/va-varalam-va-movie-review-balaji-murugadoss-comedy-thriller-is-a-bumpy-ride-review-105630811 |title=Va Varalam Va Movie Review: Balaji Murugadoss' Comedy Thriller is a Bumpy Ride |date=December 2023 |access-date=4 December 2023 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201062035/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/va-varalam-va-movie-review-balaji-murugadoss-comedy-thriller-is-a-bumpy-ride-review-105630811 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#F7C099;" |'''8'''
|''Aathmika''
|Damodharan Selvakumar
|[[Ananth Nag (Tamil actor)|Ananth Nag]], Aishwarya, [[Jeeva Ravi]]
|Divyasri Movies
|
|-
| ''[[Rajni (film)|Aval Peyar Rajni]]''
|Vinil Scariah Varghese
|[[Kalidas Jayaram]], [[Namitha Pramod]], [[Saiju Kurup]]
|Navarasa Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/dec/08/rajni-aval-peyar-rajni-movie-review-a-decent-murder-mystery-that-misses-the-mark-by-an-inch-50215.html |title=Rajni / Aval Peyar Rajni Movie Review: A decent murder mystery that misses the mark by an inch |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=8 December 2023 |access-date=25 December 2023 |archive-date=27 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627025316/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/dec/08/rajni-aval-peyar-rajni-movie-review-a-decent-murder-mystery-that-misses-the-mark-by-an-inch-50215.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Conjuring Kannappan]]''
|Selvin Raj Xavier
|[[Sathish (actor)|Sathish]], [[Regina Cassandra]], [[Elli AvrRam]]
|[[AGS Entertainment]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/conjuring-kannappan/movie-review/105847335.cms |title=Conjuring Kannappan Movie Review : A horror comedy with a unique premise and decent laughs |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=25 December 2023 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225162559/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/conjuring-kannappan/movie-review/105847335.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kattil]]''
|[[Ganesh Babu|E. V. Ganesh Babu]]
|[[Ganesh Babu|E. V. Ganesh Babu]], [[Srushti Dange]], [[Semmalar Annam]]
|Pulse Entertainments
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1165792-kattil-movie-review.html |title=திரை விமர்சனம்: கட்டில் |date=10 December 2023 |access-date=25 December 2023 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225162600/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1165792-kattil-movie-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thee Ivan]]''
|[[T. M. Jayamurugan|Jayamurugan Muthusamy]]
|[[Karthik Muthuraman|Karthik]], [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]], Suman Jayamurugan
|Manithan Cine Arts
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/thee-ivan-157106 |title=Thee Ivan |date=7 December 2023 |access-date=25 December 2023 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225092505/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/thee-ivan-157106 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#F7C099;" |'''15'''
|''[[Aghori (Tamil-language film)|Aghori]]''
|D. S. Rajkumar
|Sidhu Sid, [[Shruthi Ramakrishnan]], [[Sayaji Shinde]]
|Motion Film Picture
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/aghori-157233 |title=Aghori |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=27 December 2023 |archive-date=19 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219171734/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/aghori-157233 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Fight Club (2023 film)|Fight Club]]''
|Abbas Ansari Rahmath
|[[Vijay Kumar (filmmaker)|Vijay Kumar]], Monisha Mohan Menon, Kaarthekeyan Santhanam
|Reel Good Films
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/fight-club/movie-review/106031087.cms |title=Fight Club Movie Review : Filmmaking flair trumps familiarity to make Fight Club engaging |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=25 December 2023 |archive-date=19 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219091310/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/fight-club/movie-review/106031087.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kannagi (2023 film)|Kannagi]]''
|Yashwanth Kishore
|[[Keerthi Pandian]], [[Ammu Abhirami]], [[Vidya Pradeep]]
|Skymoon Entertainment
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kannagi/movie-review/106031155.cms |title=Kannagi Movie Review : Kannagi delivers its message without being preachy |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=25 December 2023 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225162556/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kannagi/movie-review/106031155.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Paatti Sollai Thattathe''
|Hemasooriya
|RJ Vijay, [[KPY Bala]], [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]]
|Vishnu Priya Sanjai Films
|
|-
|''Sri Sabari Ayyappan''
|Raja Desingu
|Vijay Prasath, [[Sona Heiden]], [[Ganja Karuppu]]
|Sri Vetrivel Film Academy
|
|-
|''[[Theedhum Soodhum Endhan Mugavari]]''
|Ghitha Mohhan
|Sreekumar Jay, Angana Arya, [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]]
|Jayanthi Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/theedhum-soodhum-endhan-mugavari-157258 |title=Theedhum Soodhum Endhan Mugavari |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=25 December 2023 |archive-date=19 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219175145/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/theedhum-soodhum-endhan-mugavari-157258 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vivesini]]''
|Bhavan Rajagopalan
|Kavya, Mekha Rajan, [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]
|Laburnum Productions
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/vivesini-157245 |title=Vivesini |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=25 December 2023 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225165927/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/vivesini-157245 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#F7C099;" |'''22'''
|''[[Aayiram Porkaasukal]]''
|Ravi Murukaya
|[[Vidharth]], [[Arundhati Nair]], [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]]
|GRM Studio
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/aayiram-porkaasukal/movie-review/106121830.cms |title=Aayiram Porkaasukal Movie Review : A series of well-acted characters elevates this comedy of errors |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=25 December 2023 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225173124/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/aayiram-porkaasukal/movie-review/106121830.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Jigiri Dosthu]]''
|Aran Vetriselvakkuma
|Shariq Hassan, [[Ammu Abhirami]], [[Pavithra Lakshmi]]
|VVK Entertainment
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/jigiri-dosthu/movie-review/106202596.cms |title=Jigiri Dosthu Movie Review : A comedy thriller that tries but doesn't rise above generic beats |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=25 December 2023 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225173150/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/jigiri-dosthu/movie-review/106202596.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Miriam Maa]]''
|Malathy Narayan
|[[Rekha (Tamil actress)|Rekha]], Ezhil Durai, Ashiq Hussain
|Sri Sai Film Factory
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/miriam-maa/movie-review/106294999.cms |title=Miriam Maa Movie Review : A well-intentioned if not well-made movie with its heart in the right place |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=28 December 2023 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228110827/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/miriam-maa/movie-review/106294999.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Rajini Rasigan''
|Dheena
|Dheena, [[Santhana Bharathi]], [[Crane Manohar]]
|JMJ Creations
|
|-
|''[[Saba Nayagan]]''
|C. S. Karthikeyan
|[[Ashok Selvan]], [[Megha Akash]], [[Karthika Muralidharan]]
|Clear Water Films Inc
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/saba-nayagan/movie-review/106171847.cms |title=Saba Nayagan Movie Review : Ashok Selvan shines in this self-aware comedy that doesn't let us take it too seriously |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=25 December 2023 |archive-date=7 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107071042/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/saba-nayagan/movie-review/106171847.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="11" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#F7C099;" |'''29'''
|''Jai Vijayam''
|[[Jai Akash]]
|[[Jai Akash]], Akshaya Kandamuthan, Michael Augustin
|[[Jai Akash|Jai Akash Films]]
|
|-
|''[[Mathimaran]]''
|Mantra Veerapandian
|Venkat Senguttuvan, [[Ivana (actress)|Ivana]], Aradhya
|GS Cinema International
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/mathimaran/movie-review/106396463.cms?from=mdr |title=Mathimaran Movie Review : A film that's relevant but also overly reliant on dialogues |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=4 January 2024 |archive-date=4 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104085842/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/mathimaran/movie-review/106396463.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Moondram Manithan''
|Ramdev
|[[Sonia Agarwal]], [[K. Bhagyaraj]], [[Srinath (Tamil actor)|Srinath]]
|Ramdev Pictures
|
|-
|''Moothakudi''
|[[Ravi Bhargavan]]
|[[Tarun Gopi]], Prakash Chandra, Anvisha
|The Sparkland
|
|-
|''[[Nandhi Varman]]''
|Perumal Varadhan
|[[Suresh Ravi]], Asha Gowda, [[Bose Venkat]]
|AK Film Factory
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/nandhi-varman/movie-review/106343497.cms |title=Nandhi Varman Movie Review : Perumal Varadhan's film is for those who enjoy the experience more than the payoff |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=28 December 2023 |archive-date=1 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101050150/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/nandhi-varman/movie-review/106343497.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Odavum Mudiyadhu Oliyavum Mudiyadhu]]''
|Ramesh Venkat
|Sathyamurthi, [[Yashika Aannand]], [[Riythvika]]
|Akshaya Pictures
|
|-
|''Peikku Kalyanam''
|Suci Eswar
|Rajkumar, Sharmisha, [[Nellai Siva]]
|Suci Creations
|
|-
|''[[Route No. 17]]''
|Abhilash G. Devan
|[[Jithan Ramesh]], Anju Pandiya, [[Hareesh Peradi]]
|Neni Entertainments
|
|-
|''Sarakku''
|Jayakumar
|[[Mansoor Ali Khan (actor)|Mansoor Ali Khan]], Valeena, [[Yogi Babu]]
|[[Mansoor Ali Khan (actor)|Raj Kennedy Films]]
|
|-
|''[[Tik Tok (2023 film)|Tik Tok]]''
|Mathanakumar
|Rajaji Manickam, [[Priyanka Mohan]], [[Sushma Raj]]
|MK Entertainment
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/tik-tok-157460|title=Tik Tok|date=December 28, 2023|website=www.maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vattara Vazhakku]]''
|Kannuchamy Ramachandran
|Santhosh Nambirajan, [[Raveena Ravi]], Vijay Sathya
|Madura Talkies
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vattara-vazhakku/movie-review/106316284.cms |title=Vattara Vazhakku Movie Review : A film that isn't dead on arrival but slowly loses itself along the way |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=28 December 2023 |archive-date=27 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627040826/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vattara-vazhakku/movie-review/106316284.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist-lg}}{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Tamil cinema}}
{{Indian film list}}
{{2023 films}}

[[Category:Lists of 2023 films by language|Tamil]]
[[Category:Lists of Tamil films by year|2023]]
[[Category:2023 in Indian cinema|Tamil]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language films| ]]

Kattuthulasi

2026-03-04T09:23:34Z

JaimieCarrigan: brief enhanced intro and updated info

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kattuthulasi
| director = [[M. Krishnan Nair (director)|M. Krishnan Nair]]
| screenplay = [[Thoppil Bhasi]]
| producer = M. Kunchacko
| starring = [[Sathyan (Malayalam actor)|Sathyan]] [[Ushakumari]] [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]] [[Adoor Bhasi]] [[Manavalan Joseph]]
| music = [[M. S. Baburaj]]
| studio = Excel Productions
| released = {{Film date|1965|07|10|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Kattuthulasi''''' ({{Translation|Forest basil}}) is a 1965 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film, directed by [[M. Krishnan Nair (director)|M. Krishnan Nair]] and produced by M. Kunchacko. The film stars [[Sathyan (Malayalam actor)|Sathyan]], [[Ushakumari]], [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]], [[Adoor Bhasi]] and [[Manavalan Joseph]]. It was released on 10 July 1965.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijayakumar |first=B. |date=17 August 2014 |title=Kaattu Thulasi (1965) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/kaattu-thulasi-1965/article6324165.ece |url-status=live |access-date=23 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911092455/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/kaattu-thulasi-1965/article6324165.ece |archive-date=11 September 2022}}</ref>

== Plot ==

== Cast ==
*[[Sathyan (Malayalam actor)|Sathyan]]
*[[Ushakumari]] as Thulasi
*[[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]]
*[[Adoor Bhasi]]
*[[Manavalan Joseph]]
*Changanasseri Chinnamma
*[[Bahadoor]]
*K. S. Gopinath
*[[Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair]]
*M. S. Namboothiri

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[M. S. Baburaj]] and the lyrics were written by [[Vayalar Ramavarma]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=കാട്ടുതുളസി (1965) |url=https://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?751 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128055659/https://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?751 |archive-date=28 November 2021 |access-date=23 September 2022 |website=malayalasangeetham.info |language=ml}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers
|-
| "Aaraaro Aaraaro" || [[Jikki]]
|-
| "Gangayaarozhukunna" || [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| "Inakkuyile Inakkuyile" [Thulasi Thulasi Vili Kelkoo] || [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
| "Manchaadikkilimaina" || [[K. J. Yesudas]], Jikki
|-
| "Naalumozhikuravayumaay" || Jikki
|-
| "Sooryakaanthi" || [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| "Thinthaare Thinthaare" || [[L. R. Eeswari]], [[M. S. Baburaj]], Chorus, [[C. O. Anto]]
|-
| "Vellichilanka Aninjum" || K. J. Yesudas
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0254487}}

[[Category:1965 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1965 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by M. Krishnan Nair]]
[[Category:Malayalam films in series|'Kattuthulasi1]]

Autograph (2010 film)

2026-03-04T00:23:55Z

JaimieCarrigan: General cleanup and content improvements

{{Short description|2010 Indian Bengali film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2012}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Autograph
| image = Autograph_Bengali_Movie_Poster.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Srijit Mukherji]]
| producer = [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
 Jay Dev Banerjee
| writer = [[Srijit Mukherji]]
| starring = [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] [[Nandana Sen]] [[Indraneil Sengupta]]
| music = [[Debojyoti Mishra]] [[Anupam Roy]]
| cinematography = Soumik Halder
| editing = Bodhaditya Banerjee
| studio = [[SVF Entertainment|Shree Venkatesh Films Pvt. Ltd.]] [[Indigo Creation Production]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2010|10|14}}
| runtime = 120 minutes
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Autograph''''' is a 2010 Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[Musical film|musical]] [[drama film]] by debutant director [[Srijit Mukherji]]. The movie is a tribute to [[Satyajit Ray]]'s 1966 film ''[[Nayak (1966 film)|Nayak]]'' and yesteryear Bengali actor [[Uttam Kumar]], who portrayed the title role in the film.<ref name="I'm slightly cerebral">{{cite news|title=I'm slightly cerebral: Srijit Mukherji - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Im-slightly-cerebral-Srijit-Mukherji/articleshow/6719661.cms|accessdate=13 October 2016|work=The Times of India}}</ref> This was the first collaboration between [[Srijit Mukherji|Srijit Mukherjee]] and [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]]. The movie is being remade in Malayalam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/remakes-of-bengali-films-whats-new-in-this-trend/articleshow/72241437.cms|title=Remakes of Bengali films: What's new in this trend? - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film starts with a proposal of remaking [[Satyajit Ray]]'s famous ''[[Nayak (1966 film)|Nayak]]'' by a debutant director and storywriter Shuvobrata to famous Bengali actor Arun Chatterjee. Arun approves Shuvobrata's proposal and agrees to finance the project. Shuvobrata requests his live-in girlfriend Srinandita or Shrin to act opposite Arun. In the meantime, Arun and Shrin become close friends and Arun tells her about various incident from his past in an emotionally triggered condition. The exchange is videotaped accidentally and Shuvobrata on discovering it leaks it to the press, without Srinandita's consent, as a publicity stunt for the film. Srinandita leaves Shuvobrata on learning of this indiscretion. Arun, furious about the leak, bars the film from being released. Arun later learns that Shrin had no role in the leak and apologizes to her. The movie ends with Shrin leaving a note and a phone number for Arun at a roadside dhaba where they had met earlier.

==Cast==
*[[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] as Arun Chatterjee
*[[Nandana Sen]] as Srinandita
*[[Indraneil Sengupta]] as Shuvobrata Mitra
*[[Rudraprasad Sengupta]]
*[[Biswajit Chakraborty]] as Manoj Sarkar
*[[Pijush Ganguly]] as Ashish Chakraborty
*[[Dwijen Bandopadhyay]] as Parthapratim Nag
*[[Sohini Paul]] as Ahona Dasgupta
* Dhruv Mookerji as Moloy Dasgupta
*[[Dilip Roy (actor)|Dilip Roy]] as Tarun Mukherjee
*[[Srijit Mukherji]]
* Sanghasri Sinha Mitra as Nandini
* [[Rii Sen]] as Rupali Gupto

==Soundtrack==
The music of the film is composed by [[Debojyoti Mishra]] and [[Anupam Roy]]. The lyrics have been penned by [[Anupam Roy]], [[Srijato]] and [[Srijit Mukherji]]. The song ''Aamake Aamar Moto Thakte Dao'' turned out to be a popular amongst the Bengali audience.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dasgupta |first=Priyanka |date=2010-12-01 |title=Touching a raw nerve |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/touching-a-raw-nerve/articleshow/7016077.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250831141046/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/touching-a-raw-nerve/articleshow/7016077.cms |archive-date=2025-08-31 |access-date=2025-08-31 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |quote=With the success of Anupam Roy’s ‘Amake amar moto’ and Rupam Islam’s ‘Benche thakar gaan’, Tollywood playback is now going for unorthodox emotion-driven singing.}}</ref> ''Chal Rastay'', ''Uthche Jege Sokalgulo'' and ''Beche Thakar Gaan'' also received wide critical acclaim.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-

! # !! Title !! Singer(s) !! Lyrics(s) !! Music(s)
|-
| 1
| "Beche Thakar Gaan – Version 1"
| [[Rupam Islam]]
| Lyrics and Composition = [[Anupam Roy]]
| Music Arrangement = [[Debojyoti Mishra]]
|-
| 2
| "Chal Rastay – Female"
| [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| [[Srijato]]
| [[Debojyoti Mishra]]
|-
| 3
| "Bhaage Jaana Hai Kahan"
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| Srijato
| Debajyoti Mishra
|-
| 4
| "Phaande Poriya Bawga Knaade Re"
| Anandee Basu
|
| Debajyoti Mishra
|-
| 5
| "Beche Thakar Gaan – Version 2"
| Saptarshi Mukherjee
| Anupam Roy & Debojyoti Mishra
| Anupam Roy
|-
| 6
| "Chal Rastay – Male"
| Priyam Mukherjee
| Srijato
| Debojyoti Mishra
|-
| 7
| "Uthche Jege Sokalgulo"
| [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| [[Srijit Mukherji]]
| Debojyoti Mishra
|-
| 8
| " Aamake Aamar Moto Thakte Dao"
| Anupam Roy
| Anupam Roy
| Anupam Roy
|}

==Trivia==
The central character of the film is called Arun Chatterjee ([[Uttam Kumar]]’s real name). Srijit's touches make this film and the central story significantly different from ''[[Nayak (1966 film)|Nayak]].'' The film makes a few references to great filmmakers like [[Ingmar Bergman]] and films like ''[[Wild Strawberries (film)|Wild Strawberries]]''. It alludes to the music of [[R.D. Burman]], [[Red Sky at night]] by [[David Gilmour]] and ''[[The Godfather]]''. There is also a sequence which uses the instrumental track "Yumeji's Theme" from [[Wong Kar Wai]]'s film [[In the mood for love]]. There are pictures of Bengali film maestro Ritwik Ghatak and stills of [[Chhabi Biswas]] from his most memorable role in ''[[Jalshaghar]]'' on the wall of the studio featured in the film. ''Autograph'' is one of the highest grossing [[Cinema of West Bengal|Tollywood]] film of 2010.

==Recognition==
The film premiered internationally at the [[Abu Dhabi Film Festival]] on 17 October 2010.<ref name="I'm slightly cerebral" />
The movie was showcased in [[New York City]] at the MIAAC (Mahindra Indo-American Arts Council) film festival, 2010 where it won a nomination for Prosenjit Chatterjee for the Best Actor award. It was also an official selection at the Glasgow International Film Festival and [[London Indian Film Festival]] in 2011. It was also showcased at the Kala Ghoda Film Festival in Mumbai in 2012 and the Darpan Film Festival in Singapore.

At the Kolkata box office it went on a record-breaking spree running successfully for 120 days, apart from runs in Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore and Pune.

To date, ''Autograph'' has received a record 41 awards.

At the Big Bangla Movie Awards it won
* Best Film
* Best Director
* Best Actor (Prosenjit Chatterjee)
* Best Actor in a Negative Role (Indraneil Sengupta)
* Best Cinematography
* Best Editing
* Best Screenplay and Dialogues
* Best Music Director
* Best Lyricist (Anupam Roy for "Amake amar moto")
* Best Male Playback (Rupam Islam for "Beche thakar gaan") and
* Best Female Playback (Shreya Ghoshal for "Chal rastay").
At the Zee TV Banglar Gourab Movie Awards, it won
* Best Film, Best Director,
* Best Debutante Director,
* Best Actor (Prosenjit Chatterjee),
* Best Screenplay and Dialogues,
* Best Music Director, Best Lyricist (Anupam Roy for "Amake amar moto"),
* Best Male Playback (Rupam Islam for "Beche thakar gaan") and
* Best Female Playback (Shreya Ghoshal for "Chal rastay") awards.
At the KKN-ABP Bangla Music awards, it won
* Best Album, Best Song ("Amake amar moto"),
* Best Male Playback (Rupam Islam for "Beche thakar gaan") and
* Best Lyricist (Anupam Roy for "Amake amar moto") awards.
Anupam won the Best Song award for "Amake amar moto" at the Anandalok Awards.

At the Star Jalsha Entertainment Awards, it got
* Best Director, Best Actor (Prosenjit Chatterjee),
* Best Screenplay,
* Best Cinematography,
* Best Editing,
* Best Female Playback (Shreya Ghoshal for "Chal rastay"),
* Best Lyricist (Srijato for "Chal rastay") and
* Best Upcoming Talent (Anupam Roy).
At the 11th Telecine Awards, it secured the awards for
* Best Film, Best Director,
* Best Actress (Nandana Sen),
* Best Male Playback (Rupam Islam for "Beche thakar gaan") and
* Best Lyricist (Anupam Roy for "Amake amar moto").
At the 2011 Big Bangla Rising Star Awards, it got awards for
* Best Director,
* Best Actress (Nandana Sen) and
* Best Singer (Anupam Roy).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|1611004}}

{{Srijit Mukherji}}
{{Shree Venkatesh Films}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Autograph}}
[[Category:2010 films]]
[[Category:2010 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anupam Roy]]
[[Category:Films scored by Debojyoti Mishra]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Films directed by Srijit Mukherji]]
[[Category:2010 drama films]]

Khusro Bakhtiar

2026-03-03T20:15:02Z

JaimieCarrigan: minor changes

{{short description|Pakistani politician|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[Makhdoom]]
| name = Khusro Bakhtiar
| image = Khusro Bakhtiar speech.jpg
| office = [[Ministry of Industries and Production (Pakistan)|Federal Minister for Industries & Production]]
| term_start = 17 April 2021
| term_end = 10 April 2022
| primeminister = [[Imran Khan]]
| successor =
| predecessor = [[Hammad Azhar]]
| office1 = [[Ministry of Finance and Revenue|Federal Minister for Economic Affairs]]
| term_start1 = 6 April 2020
| term_end1 = 17 April 2021
| president1 = [[Arif Alvi]]
| primeminister1 = [[Imran Khan]]
| predecessor1 = [[Hammad Azhar]]
| successor1 = [[Omar Ayub Khan]]
| office2 = [[Ministry of National Food Security and Research|Federal Minister for National Food Security and Research]]
| president2 = [[Arif Alvi]]
| primeminister2 = [[Imran Khan]]
| predecessor2 = [[Sahabzada Mehboob Sultan]]
| successor2 = [[Syed Fakhar Imam]]
| term_start2 = 19 November 2019
| term_end2 = 6 April 2020
| office3 = [[Ministry of Planning Development & Reform|Federal Minister for Planning Development & Reform]]
| term_start3 = 20 August 2018
| term_end3 = 18 November 2019
| primeminister3 = [[Imran Khan]]
| predecessor3 = [[Shamshad Akhtar]] {{small|(caretaker)}}
| successor3 = [[Asad Umar]]
| office4 = Chairman Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs
| term_start4 = 28 September 2017
| term_end4 = 31 May 2018
| president4 = [[Mamnoon Hussain]]
| primeminister4 = [[Shahid Khaqan Abbasi]]
| office5 = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Federal Minister of State for Foreign Affairs]] [[Minister of State for Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|(MSFA)]]
| term_start5 = 4 September 2004
| term_end5 = 15 November 2007
| president5 = [[Pervez Musharraf]]
| primeminister5 = [[Shaukat Aziz]]
| minister5 = [[Khurshid Mahmood Kasuri]]
| office6 = [[List of Chief Ministers of Punjab (Pakistan)|Advisor to Chief Minister of Punjab]] (Provincial Minister of Punjab)
| term_start6 = 1997
| term_end6 = 1999
| 1blankname5 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata5 = [[Shehbaz Sharif]]
| office7 = Member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]]
| term_start7 = 13 August 2018
| term_end7 = 20 January 2023
| constituency6 =
| term_start8 = 1 June 2013
| term_end8 = 31 May 2018
| constituency7 = [[NA-177 (Rahim Yar Khan-III)]]
| term_start9 = 10 October 2002
| term_end9 = 15 February 2008
| constituency8 = NA-194 (Rahim Yar Khan-III)
| office10 = Member of the [[Provincial Assembly of Punjab]]
| term_start10 = 1997
| term_end10 = 1999
| constituency10 = PP-236 (Rahim Yar Khan-V)
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1967|7|7}}
| birth_place = [[Rahim Yar Khan]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]
| party = [[Awaam Pakistan|AP]] (2025-present)
| otherparty = [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]] (2018-2022) [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PMLN]] (2013-2018) [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML(Q)]] (2008-2013) [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML(Q)]] (2001-2008) [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PMLN]] (1997-1999) [[Pakistan People’s Party|PPP]] (1993-1996) [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PMLN]] (1997-2002) 
| nationality = Pakistani
| relatives = [[Makhdoom Hashim Jawan Bakht]] (Brother)<ref>{{cite news |title=South Punjab group actively lobbying for Punjab CM slot |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/352981-south-punjab-group-actively-lobbying-for-punjab-cm-slot |accessdate=11 August 2018 |work=The News |language=en}}</ref> Makhdum Omar Shehryar (Brother)
| alma_mater = [[University of Punjab]], [[London School of Economics]], [[Lincoln's Inn]]
| native_name = {{nq|مخدوم خسرو بختیار}}
}}

'''Makhdum Khusro Bakhtyar''' ({{Langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|مخدوم خسرو بختیار}}}}; born 7 July 1967) is a [[Pakistani]] politician who recently served as Pakistan's [[Ministry of Industries and Production (Pakistan)|Federal Minister for Industries & Production.]] Previously, he has served as [[Ministry of Finance and Revenue|Federal Minister of Economic Affairs]], [[Ministry of National Food Security and Research|Federal Minister of National Food Security and Research]] and [[Ministry of Planning Development & Special Initiatives|Federal Minister for Planning, Development and Reforms]] in the [[Imran Khan ministry|PTI Government]] under the leadership of Prime Minister [[Imran Khan]]. He had been a member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] from 2002 to 2008, 2013 to 2018 and 2018 till 2023.

Previously, he was a member of the [[Provincial Assembly of the Punjab]] from 1997 to 1999 and served as provincial advisor to the then [[Chief Minister of Punjab, Pakistan|Chief Minister]], [[Shehbaz Sharif]]. During his first tenure as Member of the National Assembly, he served as [[Minister of State for Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Minister of State for Foreign Affairs]] from September 2004 to November 2007 in the Federal Cabinet of Prime Minister [[Shaukat Aziz]].

==Early life and education==
Bakhtyar was born on 7 July 1967.<ref name="dawn/6sept2004" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Detail Information|url=http://www.pildat.org/mna/rsDetail.asp?detid=194|accessdate=11 July 2017|date=19 April 2014|url-status=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419142637/http://www.pildat.org/mna/rsDetail.asp?detid=194|archivedate=19 April 2014}}</ref> He hails from [[Mian Wali Qureshian]], a village in the [[Rahim Yar Khan District]] of Punjab and belongs to a prominent political family.

He graduated from the [[University of Punjab]] in 1990, and received an [[LLB]] (Hons.) [[Academic degree|degree]] in 1994 from the [[London School of Economics and Political Science]] and a Bar-at-Law degree from [[Lincoln's Inn]], [[United Kingdom]] in 1995.<ref name="dawn/6sept2004">{{cite news|title=Educational background of state ministers|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/369652|accessdate=8 May 2017|work=DAWN.COM|date=6 September 2004|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810092608/https://www.dawn.com/news/369652|archivedate=10 August 2017}}</ref>

==Political career==
[[File:Khusro Bakhtiar speaking.jpg|thumb|Bakhtiar speaking at a political rally, 2018 elections]]

He was elected to the [[Provincial Assembly of the Punjab]] as a candidate of [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]] (PML-N) from Constituency PP-236 (Rahim Yar Khan-V) in the [[1997 Pakistani general election]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gill|first1=Majeed|title=A number of aliens in R.Y. Khan|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/58788|accessdate=8 May 2017|work=DAWN.COM|date=25 September 2002|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912135141/https://www.dawn.com/news/58788|archivedate=12 September 2017}}</ref> He received 19,736 votes and defeated Makhdoom Ashfaq Ahmad, a candidate of [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] (PPP).<ref name="ecp/pa-88-97">{{cite web |title=Punjab Assembly election results 1988-97 |url=https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/Results%201988%20-%201997/Punjab.pdf |publisher=ECP |accessdate=11 August 2018 |archive-date=30 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830191836/https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/Results%201988%20-%201997/Punjab.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He was elected to the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] as a candidate of [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)]] (PML-Q) from [[Constituency NA-194|Constituency NA-194 (Rahim Yar Khan-III)]] in the [[2002 Pakistani general election]].<ref name="dawn/6sept2004" /> He received 70,116 votes and defeated [[Makhdoom Shahabuddin]]. In the same election, he also ran for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of PML-Q from Constituency PP-291 (Rahim Yar Khan-VII) but he was unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web |title=2002 election result |url=https://www.ecp.gov.pk/ge/ge2002vol2.pdf |publisher=ECP |accessdate=1 September 2018 |archive-date=26 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126141507/https://www.ecp.gov.pk/ge/ge2002vol2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 4 September 2004, he was inducted into the Federal Cabinet of Prime Minister [[Shaukat Aziz]]<ref>{{cite news |title=26 ministers of state take oath |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/396557 |accessdate=1 September 2018 |work=DAWN.COM |date=5 September 2004}}</ref> and was appointed as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs.<ref name="dawn/6sept2004" /> He continued to serve as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs until 15 November 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of former Minister of State |url=http://www.mofa.gov.pk/content.php?pageID=formermos |website=www.mofa.gov.pk |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |accessdate=1 September 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901092214/http://www.mofa.gov.pk/content.php?pageID=formermos |archivedate=1 September 2018}}</ref>

He ran for the seat of the National Assembly as a candidate of PML-Q from Constituency NA-194 (Rahim Yar Khan-III) in the [[2008 Pakistani general election]], but was unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nawabs of Bahawalpur to play vital role in next general elections|url=http://nation.com.pk/national/03-Dec-2012/nawabs-of-bahawalpur-to-play-vital-role-in-next-general-elections|accessdate=8 May 2017|work=The Nation|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409111038/http://nation.com.pk/national/03-Dec-2012/nawabs-of-bahawalpur-to-play-vital-role-in-next-general-elections|archivedate=9 April 2017}}</ref> He received 42,442 votes and lost the seat to Makhdoom Shahabuddin.<ref>{{cite web |title=2008 election result |url=https://www.ecp.gov.pk/Documents/General%20Elections%202008/Report,%20General%20Election%202008,%20Vol-II.pdf |publisher=ECP |accessdate=1 September 2018 |archive-date=5 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105060230/https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/General%20Elections%202008/Report,%20General%20Election%202008,%20Vol-II.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He was re-elected to the National Assembly as an independent candidate from Constituency NA-194 (Rahim Yar Khan-III) in the [[2013 Pakistani general election]].<ref>{{cite news|title=List of winners of National Assembly seats|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/429872-list-of-winners-of-national-assembly-seats|accessdate=12 April 2018|work=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en}}</ref> He received 64,272 votes and defeated Makhdoom Shahabuddin. In the same election, he also ran for the seat of the National Assembly as an independent candidate from Constituency NA-195 (Rahim Yar Khan-IV) but was unsuccessful. He received 46,897 votes and lost the seat to [[Mustafa Mehmood]].<ref name="ecp/2013">{{cite web|title=2013 election result|url=https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/General%20Elections%202013%20report/Election%20Report%202013%20Volume-II.pdf|publisher=ECP|accessdate=12 April 2018|archive-date=1 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201140612/https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/General%20Elections%202013%20report/Election%20Report%202013%20Volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the same election, he was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as an independent candidate from Constituency PP-289 (Rahimyar Khan-V).<ref>{{cite news|title=List of winners of Punjab Assembly seats|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/429935|accessdate=12 April 2018|work=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en}}</ref> He received 25,898 votes and defeated Mian Muhammad Aslam Advocate.<ref>{{cite web |title=2013 election result |url=https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/Downloads/General%20Election%202013/Detailed%20Gazzette/Notification%20-%20Punjab%20Assembly.pdf |publisher=ECP |accessdate=1 September 2018 |archive-date=20 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120053951/https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/Downloads/General%20Election%202013/Detailed%20Gazzette/Notification%20-%20Punjab%20Assembly.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Following the election, he abandoned his Punjab Assembly seat in favor of the National Assembly seat.<ref>{{cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.pap.gov.pk/index.php/members/profile/en/20/1224 |website=www.pap.gov.pk |publisher=Punjab Assembly |accessdate=1 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

On 23 May 2013, he joined PML-N.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Reporter|first1=The Newspaper's Staff|title=43 newly elected legislators join PML-N|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1013019|accessdate=12 April 2018|work=DAWN.COM|date=23 May 2013}}</ref> In 2017 he was made [http://www.na.gov.pk/foreignaffairs/?q=node/98 Chairman House Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs]

In March 2018, he became business partner of [[Jahangir Khan Tareen]] after they together purchased a sugar mill for Rs 27 billion. This triggered speculation that he might join PTI soon.<ref>{{cite news |title=PML-N's Khusro Bakhtiar, PTI's Jahangir Tareen become business partners |url=https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/pakistan/pml-ns-khusro-bakhtiar-ptis-jahangir-tareen-become-business-partners/ |accessdate=1 September 2018 |work=Daily Pakistan Global |archive-date=1 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901182904/https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/pakistan/pml-ns-khusro-bakhtiar-ptis-jahangir-tareen-become-business-partners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 9 April 2018, Bakhtyar, together with seven other PML-N parliamentarians, quit the PML-N and formed a new group under the name of "Junoobi Punjab Suba Mahaaz".<ref>{{cite news |title=Seraiki iceberg: Eight lawmakers jump PML-N ship {{!}} The Express Tribune |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1681335/1-pml-n-dealt-another-blow-eight-lawmakers-part-ways/ |accessdate=1 September 2018 |work=The Express Tribune |date=9 April 2018}}</ref> The group accused PML-N for ignoring the southern part of Punjab and demanded the creation of separate province for southern Punjab.<ref>{{cite news|title=Major setback to PML-N as 8 more MPs quit party, form new faction|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/302374-major-setback-to-pml-n-as-8-more-mps-quit-party-forms-new-faction|accessdate=9 April 2018|work=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Another jolt to ruling PML-N|url=https://nation.com.pk/10-Apr-2018/another-jolt-to-ruling-pml-n|accessdate=10 April 2018|work=The Nation}}</ref> On 30 April, he resigned from his National Assembly seat in protest.<ref>{{cite news |title=Makhdoom Khusro Bakhtiar resigns as MNA |url=http://www.radio.gov.pk/30-04-2018/makhdoom-khusro-bakhtiar-resigns-as-mna |accessdate=1 September 2018 |work=Radio Pakistan |date=30 April 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

On 9 May 2018, Junoobi Punjab Sooba Mahaaz (JPSM) merged with [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]] (PTI) after the latter promised to create a South Punjab province on administrative grounds.<ref>{{cite news |title=PTI absorbs Junoobi Punjab Suba Mahaz after promising new province in south Punjab |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1406603 |accessdate=1 September 2018 |work=DAWN.COM |date=9 May 2018}}</ref> Subsequently, Bakhtyar joined PTI after signing an agreement with PTI chairman [[Imran Khan]] on the promise of the creation of a South Punjab province and an equitable distribution of resources to the region.<ref>{{cite news |title=JSPM merges with PTI on promise of south Punjab province {{!}} The Express Tribune |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1706023/1-pti-reinforced-south-punjab-pml-n-defectors/ |accessdate=1 September 2018 |work=The Express Tribune |date=9 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Raza|first=Syed Irfan|date=10 May 2018|title=JPSM, PTI join hands, vow to create new province in Punjab|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1406756|access-date=5 October 2021|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref>

He was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of PTI from Constituency [[NA-177 (Rahim Yar Khan-III)]] in the [[2018 Pakistani general election]] after securing 100,768 votes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Makhdoom Khusroo Bakhtiar of PTI wins NA-177 election |url=https://www.brecorder.com/2018/07/26/430535/makhdoom-khusroo-bakhtiar-of-pti-wins-na-177-election/ |accessdate=3 August 2018 |work=brecorder}}</ref>

On 18 August, [[Imran Khan]] formally announced his federal cabinet structure and Bakhtyar was named as [[Ministry of Water Resources (Pakistan)|Minister for Water Resources]].<ref>{{cite news |title=PM Imran Khan finalises names of 21-member cabinet |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1427792/pm-imran-khan-finalises-names-of-21-member-cabinet |accessdate=18 August 2018 |work=DAWN.COM |date=18 August 2018}}</ref> However, on 20 August 2018, he was sworn in as [[Ministry of Planning and Development (Pakistan)|Federal Minister for Planning, Development and Reforms]] in the federal cabinet of Prime Minister Imran Khan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Notification - 20 August 2018 |url=http://www.cabinet.gov.pk/userfiles1/file/noti-fm-20-08-2018.pdf |publisher=Cabinet |accessdate=25 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=New planning minister briefed on dams, CPEC |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/357844-new-planning-minister-briefed-on-dams-cpec |accessdate=25 August 2018 |work=The News |language=en}}</ref>
On 19 November 2019, he was appointed as [[Ministry of National Food Security & Research|Federal Minister for National Food Security and Research]] and served in that position until a perceived conflict of interest arose due to his sugar business, after which he resigned on 6 April 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2019/11/19/khusro-bakhtiar-reluctant-to-take-charge-of-food-ministry/amp/|title=Amp}}</ref> He was appointed [[Government of Pakistan|Minister of Economic Affairs]] after a cabinet reshuffle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/586858/|title=Cabinet reshuffle: Khusro Bakhtiar named Economic Affairs Minister|website=www.brecorder.com|date=6 April 2020|access-date=6 April 2020}}</ref> After a year of holding the Economic Affairs portfolio, Bakhtiar was made [[Ministry of Industries and Production (Pakistan)|Federal Minister of Industries & Production]], a position which he held until the end of the Imran Khan government on 10th April, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chaudhry |first=Dawn com {{!}} Fahad |date=2022-04-09 |title=Imran Khan loses no-trust vote, prime ministerial term comes to unceremonious end |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1684168 |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref> He was also appointed president for the [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]] South [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] chapter in December, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wasim |first=Amir |date=2021-12-26 |title=Imran nominates new PTI office-bearers at centre, provinces |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1665829 |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref> In May, 2023, Bakhtiar announced his decision to leave party positions, saying the “May 9 incidents” led him to reevaluate his alignment with PTI’s ideology. Bakhtiar revealed his plan to resign from key positions, including his membership in the core committee and presidency of the South Punjab chapter. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1756180/ptis-khusro-bakhtiar-decides-to-leave-party-positions-over-may-9-violence | title=PTI's Khusro Bakhtiar decides to leave party positions over May 9 violence | date=27 May 2023 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{commons category}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box|title=[[Minister of State for Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Minister of State for Foreign Affairs]]|years=2004 – 2007|before=[[Inam-ul-Haq (diplomat)|Inam-ul-Haq]]|after=Malik Amad Khan}}
{{end}}
{{Khan Cabinet}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bakhtiar, Makhdoom Khusro}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Pakistani barristers]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Pakistan Muslim League (Q) MNAs]]
[[Category:Pakistan Muslim League (N) MNAs]]
[[Category:Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf MNAs]]
[[Category:University of the Punjab alumni]]
[[Category:Ministers of state for foreign affairs of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics]]
[[Category:Punjab MPAs 1997–1999]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 2018–2023]]

Alitho Saradaga

2026-02-25T23:56:39Z

JaimieCarrigan: put up new biography and citations

{{Short description|Indian Telugu-language television talk show}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}{{Use Indian English|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| location = [[Hyderabad]], India
| first_aired = {{Start date|2016|10|24|df=y}}
| company = Gnapika Entertainments
| network = [[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]]
| runtime = 35–59 minutes
| camera = Multi-camera
| producer = Kadiyala Praveena
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 317
| language = Telugu
| country = [[India]]
| presenter = [[Ali (actor)|Ali]]{{Efn|[[Raghu Karumanchi]] have co-presented the episode 1{{ndash}}23 of season 1. [[Suma Kanakala]] hosted the 315th episode of season 1.}}
| genre = Talk-show
| last_aired = {{End date|2024|05|21|df=y}}
| director = Kadiyala Anil
| executive_producer = Paindla Srinu
| voices = RCM Raju
| editor = Ramesh Ramayya (season 1) Naresh Jaavaaji (season 1{{ndash}}2)
| cinematography = Vijay (season 1) Babu (season 1) Pachha Madhu (season 1) Sridhar Kollipara (season 2)
| developer = Ravi Nair
| writer = Avinash Bandaru (season 1) Sarath (season 1) Manohar (season 1) Sarath Solo (season 2)
}}

'''''Alitho Saradaga''''' ({{ Translation | Fun with Ali}}) is an Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language television [[talk show]] hosted by [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] and produced by Gnapika Entertainments.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ali tho saradaga: Latest News, Videos and Photos of ali tho saradaga {{!}} Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/ali-tho-saradaga|access-date=2020-10-12|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-29|title=కన్నీటి పర్యంతమైన నటుడు ఆలీ..|url=https://tv9telugu.com/for-the-first-time-ali-cries-in-alitho-saradaga-show-after-hearing-words-of-ravi-shankar-207489.html|access-date=2021-01-06|website=TV9 Telugu|language=te-IN}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> The show was primarily broadcast on [[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Telugu Tv Show Alitho Saradaga Synopsis Aired On ETV Telugu Channel|url=https://nettv4u.com/about/Telugu/tv-shows/alitho-saradaga|access-date=2020-10-12|website=nettv4u|language=en}}</ref> The show premiered on the television on 24 October 2016. First season was ended on 19 December 2022. Second season was premiered on 5 March 2024 and was ended rather abruptly on 21 May 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alitho Saradaga Season 2: మొహమాటానికి పోయి.. నష్టపోయా: గోపీచంద్‌ |url=https://www.eenadu.net/videos/playVideo/actor-gopichand-in-alitho-saradaga-season-2/3/50116 |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref>

Kadiyala Praveena is the primary producer of the show.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Multi-talented Praveena Kadiyala named the new 'Adarsa Mahila'|url=https://www.iqlikmovies.com/news/article/2017/03/08/praveena-kadiyala-gets-adarsa-mahila-puraskaram/20534|access-date=2020-10-12|website=iQlikmovies|language=en}}</ref> It is one of the popular and the [[List of longest-running Indian television series|longest-running talk-shows]] of [[Indian Television|Indian television]].

== Season 1 (2016–2022) ==

=== 2016 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! text-align:left; |No. overall
! text-align:left; |No. in season
! text-align:center; |Guest(s)
! text-align:center; |Date of Broadcast
! Ref.
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1
|style="text-align:center;" | 1
|[[Lakshmi Manchu]]
| style="text-align:center;" |24 October
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2
|style="text-align:center;" | 2
|[[Sunil]]
| style="text-align:center;" |31 October
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |3
|style="text-align:center;" | 3
|[[Krishna Bhagavan]], [[Raghu Babu]]
| style="text-align:center;" |7 November
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |4
|style="text-align:center;" | 4
|[[Sumanth]]
| style="text-align:center;" |14 November
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |5
|style="text-align:center;" | 5
|[[Priyamani]]
| style="text-align:center;" |21 November
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |6
|style="text-align:center;" | 6
|[[Varun Sandesh]], [[Vithika Sheru]]
| style="text-align:center;" |28 November
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |7
|style="text-align:center;" | 7
|[[Allari Naresh]]
| style="text-align:center;" |5 December
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |8
|style="text-align:center;" | 8
|[[Nikhil]], [[Nandita Swetha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |12 December
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |9
|style="text-align:center;" | 9
|[[Annapoorna (actress)|Annapoorna]], [[Sri Lakshmi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |19 December
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |10
|style="text-align:center;" | 10
|[[Vandemataram Srinivas]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
| style="text-align:center;" |26 December
|
|}

=== 2017 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! No. overall
! No. in season
! Guest(s)
! Date of Broadcast
! Ref.
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |11
|style="text-align:center;" | 11
|[[Ram Gopal Varma]]
| style="text-align:center;" |2 January
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |12
|style="text-align:center;" | 12
|[[Uttej]], [[Jhansi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |9 January
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |13
|style="text-align:center;" | 13
|[[Sunitha (actress)|Sunitha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |16 January
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |14
|style="text-align:center;" | 14
|[[Rajiv Kanakala]], [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]]
| style="text-align:center;" |23 January
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |15
|style="text-align:center;" | 15
|[[Babu Mohan]], [[Y. Vijaya]]
| style="text-align:center;" |30 January
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |16
|style="text-align:center;" | 16
|[[Posani Krishna Murali]]
| style="text-align:center;" |6 February
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |17
|style="text-align:center;" | 17
|[[Suma Kanakala]]
| style="text-align:center;" |13 February
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |18
|style="text-align:center;" | 18
|[[Jaya Prakash Reddy]]
| style="text-align:center;" |20 February
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |19
|style="text-align:center;" | 19
|[[Kota Srinivasa Rao]]
| style="text-align:center;" |27 February
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |20
|style="text-align:center;" | 20
|[[Prudhvi Raj]], [[Rajitha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |6 March
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |21
|style="text-align:center;" | 21
|[[Venu Madhav (actor)|Venu Madhav]]
| style="text-align:center;" |13 March
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |22
|style="text-align:center;" | 22
|[[Santha Kumari]]
| style="text-align:center;" |20 March
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |23
|style="text-align:center;" | 23
|[[Hema (actress)|Hema]]
| style="text-align:center;" |27 March
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |24
|style="text-align:center;" | 24
|[[Meena (actress)|Meena]]
| style="text-align:center;" |3 April
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |25
|style="text-align:center;" | 25
|[[Prema (Kannada actress)|Prema]]
| style="text-align:center;" |10 April
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |26
|style="text-align:center;" | 26
|[[Varun Tej]], [[Srinu Vaitla]]
| style="text-align:center;" |17 April
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |27
|style="text-align:center;" | 27
|[[L. V. Revanth]], [[Rohit (actor)|Rohit]]
| style="text-align:center;" |24 April
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |28
|style="text-align:center;" | 28
|[[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]], [[Rajya Lakshmi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |1 May
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |29
|style="text-align:center;" | 29
|[[Murali Mohan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |8 May
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |30
|style="text-align:center;" | 30
|[[Rallapalli Narasimha Rao]], [[Jayalalita]]
| style="text-align:center;" |15 May
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |31
|style="text-align:center;" | 31
|[[Aamani]]
| style="text-align:center;" |22 May
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |32
|style="text-align:center;" | 32
|[[Bhanu Chander]]
| style="text-align:center;" |29 May
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |33
|style="text-align:center;" | 33
|[[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]], [[Abhinayasri]]
| style="text-align:center;" |5 June
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |34
|style="text-align:center;" | 34
|[[Yamuna (actress)|Yamuna]]
| style="text-align:center;" |12 June
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |35
|style="text-align:center;" | 35
|[[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]]
| style="text-align:center;" |19 June
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |36
|style="text-align:center;" | 36
|Divyavani
| style="text-align:center;" |26 June
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |37
|style="text-align:center;" | 37
|[[Giri Babu]]
| style="text-align:center;" |3 July
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |38
|style="text-align:center;" | 38
|[[Geetanjali]]
| style="text-align:center;" |10 July
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |39
|style="text-align:center;" | 39
|[[Shakeela]]
| style="text-align:center;" |17 July
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ఇష్టం లేకుండానే మలయాళ చిత్రాలు చేశా!|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/newsarticle/Alitho-Saradaga-a-fun-chat-with-Actress-Shakeela/0206/120058437|access-date=2020-10-12|website=eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |40
|style="text-align:center;" | 40
|[[Paruchuri Brothers]]
| style="text-align:center;" |24 July
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |41
|style="text-align:center;" | 41
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] (Part 1)
| style="text-align:center;" |31 July
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alitho Saradaga {{!}} 31st July 2017{{!}} S. P. Balasubrahmanyam{{!}} Full Episode {{!}} Part 1 {{!}} ETV Telugu – YouTube in 2020 {{!}} Comedians, Full episodes, Telugu|url=https://www.pinterest.com/pin/708331847630568874/|access-date=2020-10-12|website=Pinterest|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |42
|style="text-align:center;" | 42
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] (Part 2)
| style="text-align:center;" |7 August
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |43
|style="text-align:center;" | 43
|[[Rakul Preet Singh]]
| style="text-align:center;" |14 August
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |44
|style="text-align:center;" | 44
|[[Krishna Vamsi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |21 August
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |45
|style="text-align:center;" | 45
|[[Raja Ravindra]], [[Sithara (actress)|Sithara]]
| style="text-align:center;" |28 August
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |46
|style="text-align:center;" | 46
|[[Puri Jagannadh]]
| style="text-align:center;" |4 September
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |47
|style="text-align:center;" | 47
|[[Sumalatha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |11 September
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |48
|style="text-align:center;" | 48
|[[Khayyum]], [[Siva Reddy]]
| style="text-align:center;" |18 September
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |49
|style="text-align:center;" | 49
|[[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |25 September
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |50
|style="text-align:center;" | 50
|[[Geetha Madhuri]], [[Nandu (actor)|Nandu]]
| style="text-align:center;" |2 October
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |51
|style="text-align:center;" | 51
|[[Venu]], [[Dhanraj (Telugu comedian)|Dhanraj]]
| style="text-align:center;" |9 October
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |52
|style="text-align:center;" | 52
|Ravi, [[Sreemukhi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |16 October
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |53
|style="text-align:center;" | 53
|[[Hari Teja]], [[Aadarsh Balakrishna]]
| style="text-align:center;" |23 October
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |54
|style="text-align:center;" | 54
|[[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]]
| style="text-align:center;" |30 October
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |55
|style="text-align:center;" | 55
|[[Rashmi Gautam]]
| style="text-align:center;" |6 November
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |56
|style="text-align:center;" | 56
|[[Thagubothu Ramesh]], [[Praveen (actor)|Praveen]]
| style="text-align:center;" |13 November
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |57
|style="text-align:center;" | 57
|[[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| style="text-align:center;" |20 November
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |58
|style="text-align:center;" | 58
|[[Swathi Deekshith|Swathi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |27 November
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |59
|style="text-align:center;" | 59
|[[Gundu Hanumantha Rao]], [[Ragini (Telugu actress)|Ragini]]
| style="text-align:center;" |4 December
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |60
|style="text-align:center;" | 60
|[[Saptagiri (actor)|Saptagiri]]
| style="text-align:center;" |11 December
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |61
|style="text-align:center;" | 61
|[[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]]
| style="text-align:center;" |18 December
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |62
|style="text-align:center;" | 62
|[[R. P. Patnaik]]
| style="text-align:center;" |25 December
|
|}

=== 2018 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! No. overall
! No. in season
! Guest(s)
! Date of Broadcast
! Ref.
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |63
|style="text-align:center;" | 63
|[[Catherine Tresa]]
| style="text-align:center;" |1 January
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |64
|style="text-align:center;" | 64
|[[Chinna (actor)|Chinna]], [[Ramjagan]] & [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]]
| style="text-align:center;" |8 January
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |65
|style="text-align:center;" | 65
|[[Namitha]], Veerendra Chowdhary
| style="text-align:center;" |15 January
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |66
|style="text-align:center;" | 66
|[[Brahmaji]]
| style="text-align:center;" |22 January
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |67
|style="text-align:center;" | 67
|[[Archana Shastry]]
| style="text-align:center;" |29 January
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |68
|style="text-align:center;" | 68
|Shruthi, Haritha
| style="text-align:center;" |5 February
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |69
|style="text-align:center;" | 69
|[[Subhalekha Sudhakar]], [[S. P. Sailaja]]
| style="text-align:center;" |12 February
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |70
|style="text-align:center;" | 70
|[[Sundeep Kishan]], Manjula Nigam
| style="text-align:center;" |19 February
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |71
|style="text-align:center;" | 71
|[[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]]
| style="text-align:center;" |26 February
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |72
|style="text-align:center;" | 72
|[[Sana Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |5 March
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |73
|style="text-align:center;" | 73
|[[Indraja]]
| style="text-align:center;" |12 March
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |74
|style="text-align:center;" | 74
|[[Rashi Khanna]]
| style="text-align:center;" |19 March
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |75
|style="text-align:center;" | 75
|[[Raghu]], Pranavi
| style="text-align:center;" |26 March
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |76
|style="text-align:center;" | 76
|[[Roja Ramani]]
| style="text-align:center;" |2 April
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |77
|style="text-align:center;" | 77
|[[Narasimha Raju (Telugu actor)|Narasimha Raju]]
| style="text-align:center;" |9 April
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |78
|style="text-align:center;" | 78
|[[Kousalya]], [[Vijayalakshmi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |16 April
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |79
|style="text-align:center;" | 79
|[[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| style="text-align:center;" |23 April
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |80
|style="text-align:center;" | 80
|[[Sangeeta (Telugu actress)|Sangeeta]]
| style="text-align:center;" |30 April
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |81
|style="text-align:center;" | 81
|Anita Chowdhary, [[Harsha Vardhan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |7 May
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |82
|style="text-align:center;" | 82
|[[Tammareddy Bharadwaja]]
| style="text-align:center;" |14 May
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |83
|style="text-align:center;" | 83
|[[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]]
| style="text-align:center;" |21 May
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |84
|style="text-align:center;" | 84
|[[Vedala Hemachandra]], [[Sravana Bhargavi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |28 May
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |85
|style="text-align:center;" | 85
|[[Sudha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |4 June
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |86
|style="text-align:center;" | 86
|[[Pragathi (actress)|Pragathi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |11 June
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |87
|style="text-align:center;" | 87
|[[Srinivasa Reddy]], [[Siddhi Idnani]]
| style="text-align:center;" |18 June
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |88
|style="text-align:center;" | 88
|[[Hyper Aadi]], [[Getup Srinu]]
| style="text-align:center;" |25 June
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |89
|style="text-align:center;" | 89
|[[Sanjjanaa Galrani]]
| style="text-align:center;" |2 July
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |90
|style="text-align:center;" | 90
|[[Shakalaka Shankar]], [[Sreedhar]]
| style="text-align:center;" |9 July
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |91
|style="text-align:center;" | 91
|[[Rama Prabha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |16 July
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |92
|style="text-align:center;" | 92
|[[Goreti Venkanna]]
| style="text-align:center;" |23 July
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |93
|style="text-align:center;" | 93
|[[Mucherla Aruna]]
| style="text-align:center;" |30 July
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |94
|style="text-align:center;" | 94
|[[Sushanth]], [[Rahul Ravindran]]
| style="text-align:center;" |6 August
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |95
|style="text-align:center;" | 95
|[[K. Sivasankar (choreographer)|K. Sivasankar]]
| style="text-align:center;" |13 August
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |96
|style="text-align:center;" | 96
|[[Supriya]] and [[Madhu Shalini]]
| style="text-align:center;" |20 August
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |97
|style="text-align:center;" | 97
|[[Jayasudha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |27 August
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Bojja|date=2018-08-28|title=చిరంజీవి పోస్టర్ వేస్తే నష్టం తగ్గేదేమో? ఆస్తులన్నీ అమ్ముకున్నాం: జయసుధ|url=https://telugu.filmibeat.com/news/jayasudha-alitho-saradaga-show-068757.html|access-date=2020-10-12|website=telugu.filmibeat.com|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |98
|style="text-align:center;" | 98
| Siva Krishna
| style="text-align:center;" |3 September
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |99
|style="text-align:center;" | 99
|[[S. Varalakshmi|Varalakshmi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |10 September
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |100
|style="text-align:center;" | 100
|[[Samantha Akkineni]]
| style="text-align:center;" |17 September
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alitho Saradaga {{!}} Samantha Akkineni {{!}} 17th September 2018 {{!}} Latest Promo – YouTube {{!}} Samantha, Comedians, Laughter|url=https://www.pinterest.com/pin/214695107220895361/|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Pinterest|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |101
|style="text-align:center;" | 101
|[[Anand (actor)|Anand]]
| style="text-align:center;" |24 September
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |102
|style="text-align:center;" | 102
|[[Prabha (actress)|Prabha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |1 October
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |103
|style="text-align:center;" | 103
|[[Chitti Babu (Telugu actor)|Chitti Babu]], [[Ananth Babu]]
| style="text-align:center;" |8 October
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |104
|style="text-align:center;" | 104
|[[M. M. Srilekha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |15 October
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |105
|style="text-align:center;" | 105
|[[Shiva Parvathi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |22 October
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |106
|style="text-align:center;" | 106
|[[Manju Bhargavi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |29 October
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |107
|style="text-align:center;" | 107
|Jyothi, [[Geetha Singh]]
| style="text-align:center;" |5 November
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |108
|style="text-align:center;" | 108
|[[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]]
| style="text-align:center;" |12 November
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |109
|style="text-align:center;" | 109
|[[Krishnaveni (actress)|Krishnaveni]]
| style="text-align:center;" |19 November
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |110
|style="text-align:center;" | 110
|[[Sulakshana (actress)|Sulakshana]]
| style="text-align:center;" |26 November
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |111
|style="text-align:center;" | 111
|[[Mugur Sundar|Sundaram]]
| style="text-align:center;" |3 December
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |112
|style="text-align:center;" | 112
|[[Mallikarjun]], [[Gopika Poornima]]
| style="text-align:center;" |10 December
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |113
|style="text-align:center;" | 113
|[[Latha (actress)|Latha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |17 December
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |114
|style="text-align:center;" | 114
|[[Naresh (actor)|Naresh]]
| style="text-align:center;" |24 December
|
|}

=== 2019 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! No. overall
! No. in season
! Guest(s)
! Date of Broadcast
! Ref.
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |115
|style="text-align:center;" | 115
|[[Saritha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |7 January
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |116
|style="text-align:center;" | 116
|[[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |14 January
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |117
|style="text-align:center;" | 117
|[[Devadas Kanakala]]
| style="text-align:center;" |21 January
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |118
|style="text-align:center;" | 118
|[[Subhashini]]
| style="text-align:center;" |28 January
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |119
|style="text-align:center;" | 119
|[[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]]
| style="text-align:center;" |4 February
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |120
|style="text-align:center;" | 120
|[[Vijaya Lalitha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |11 February
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |121
|style="text-align:center;" | 121
|[[Jayachitra]]
| style="text-align:center;" |18 February
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |122
|style="text-align:center;" | 122
|[[Shekar]]
| style="text-align:center;" |25 February
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |123
|style="text-align:center;" | 123
|[[Karate Kalyani]], Rocket Raghava
| style="text-align:center;" |4 March
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |124
|style="text-align:center;" | 124
|Prithvi Raj
| style="text-align:center;" |11 March
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |125
|style="text-align:center;" | 125
|[[Priya Raman]]
| style="text-align:center;" |18 March
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |126
|style="text-align:center;" | 126
|Ashok Kumar, [[Pradeep]]
| style="text-align:center;" |25 March
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |127
|style="text-align:center;" | 127
|[[Malavika (singer)|Malavika]], [[N. C. Karunya]]
| style="text-align:center;" |1 April
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |128
|style="text-align:center;" | 128
|[[Sampoornesh Babu]]
| style="text-align:center;" |8 April
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Promo: Sampoornesh Babu in Alitho Saradaga..|url=https://www.ap7am.com/lv-310818-promo-sampoornesh-babu-in-alitho-saradaga|access-date=2020-10-12|website=ap7am.com}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |129
|style="text-align:center;" | 129
|[[Renu Desai]]
| style="text-align:center;" |15 April
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=పవన్ మాజీ భార్య మళ్ళీ సంచలన కామెంట్లు..!|url=https://filmyfocus.com/telugu/renu-desai-sensational-comments-on-pawan-kalyan/|access-date=2021-01-06|website=Filmy Focus|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |130
|style="text-align:center;" | 130
|[[Dubbing Janaki]]
| style="text-align:center;" |22 April
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |131
|style="text-align:center;" | 131
|Preethi Nigam, [[Nagesh]]
| style="text-align:center;" |29 April
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |132
|style="text-align:center;" | 132
|Raksha
| style="text-align:center;" |6 May
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |133
|style="text-align:center;" | 133
|[[Sowcar Janaki]]
| style="text-align:center;" |13 May
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |134
|style="text-align:center;" | 134
|[[Ramya Behara]], [[Kalpana Raghavendar]]
| style="text-align:center;" |20 May
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |135
|style="text-align:center;" | 135
|[[Vasuki]] (''[[Assembly Rowdy]]'' fame 'Pakeezah')
| style="text-align:center;" |27 May
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |136
|style="text-align:center;" | 136
|[[Vamsi Paidipally]]
| style="text-align:center;" |3 June
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bojja|first=Santhosh Kumar|date=2019-06-07|title=ఆ మూవీ ప్లాపే, థియేటర్లో కొట్టి బయటకు తోశారు, అదీ నా లవ్ స్టోరీ: వంశీ పైడిపల్లి|url=https://telugu.filmibeat.com/news/director-vamsi-paidipally-shares-his-personal-details-in-alitho-saradaga-show-076963.html|access-date=2020-10-11|website=telugu.filmibeat.com|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |137
|style="text-align:center;" | 137
|Sangeetha Krish
| style="text-align:center;" |10 June
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |138
|style="text-align:center;" | 138
|[[Allari Subhashini]], [[Suman Setty]]
| style="text-align:center;" |17 June
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |139
|style="text-align:center;" | 139
|[[J. D. Chakravarthy]]
| style="text-align:center;" |24 June
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alitho Saradaga: JD Chakravarthy recalls Nagarjuna Akkineni slapping him in Annapurna Studios..|url=https://www.ap7am.com/lv-313638-alitho-saradaga-jd-chakravarthy-recalls-nagarjuna-akkineni-slapping-him-in-annapurna-studios|access-date=2020-10-12|website=ap7am.com}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |140
|style="text-align:center;" | 140
|Latha Sri
| style="text-align:center;" |1 July
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |141
|style="text-align:center;" | 141
|[[S. P. B. Charan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |8 July
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |142
|style="text-align:center;" | 142
|[[Ravi Teja|Teja]]
| style="text-align:center;" |15 July
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alitho Saradaga promo: Bollywood heroes are good compared to Tollywood says director Teja..|url=https://www.ap7am.com/lv-314454-alitho-saradaga-promo-bollywood-heroes-are-good-compared-to-tollywood-says-director-teja|access-date=2020-10-11|website=ap7am.com}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |143
|style="text-align:center;" | 143
|[[Smitha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |22 July
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |144
|style="text-align:center;" | 144
|[[Baba Bhaskar]]
| style="text-align:center;" |29 July
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |145
|style="text-align:center;" | 145
|[[Naresh (actor)|Naresh]], [[Kartikeya Gummakonda]]
| style="text-align:center;" |5 August
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |146
|style="text-align:center;" | 146
|[[Sumithra (actress)|Sumithra]]
| style="text-align:center;" |12 August
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |147
|style="text-align:center;" | 147
|[[Raavi Kondala Rao]]
| style="text-align:center;" |19 August
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |148
|style="text-align:center;" | 148
|[[Anantha Sriram]]
| style="text-align:center;" |26 August
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |149
|style="text-align:center;" | 149
|[[L. B. Sriram]]
| style="text-align:center;" |2 September
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |150
|style="text-align:center;" | 150
|[[Sanghavi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |9 September
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |151
|style="text-align:center;" | 151
|[[Chalapathi Rao]]
| style="text-align:center;" |16 September
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |152
|style="text-align:center;" | 152
|[[Laila (actress)|Laila]]
| style="text-align:center;" |23 September
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-26|title=ఆ సీనియర్ హీరోయిన్ పీక కోస్తానన్న బాలకృష్ణ..|url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/senior-heroin-laila-expressed-her-experience-with-tollywood-senior-top-hero-nandamuri-balakrishna-in-alitho-saradaga-talk-show-ta-319054.html|access-date=2020-11-25|website=News18 Telugu}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |153
|style="text-align:center;" | 153
|[[Vineeth]]
| style="text-align:center;" |30 September
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |154
|style="text-align:center;" | 154
|[[Jeevitha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |7 October
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |155
|style="text-align:center;" | 155
|[[Ravi Babu]]
| style="text-align:center;" |14 October
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Palla|first=Sravani|title=బాలయ్యతో హాలీవుడ్‌ రేంజ్‌లో 'ఐరెన్‌ మ్యాన్‌' తీస్తాడట|url=https://telugustop.com/ravi-babu-comments-on-balakrishna-iron-man-movie/|access-date=2020-10-11|website=TeluguStop.com|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |156
|style="text-align:center;" | 156
|[[Charan Raj]]
| style="text-align:center;" |21 October
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |157
|style="text-align:center;" | 157
|[[K. Raghavendra Rao]] (Part 1)
| style="text-align:center;" |28 October
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |158
|style="text-align:center;" | 158
|[[K. Raghavendra Rao]] (Part 2)
| style="text-align:center;" |4 November
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |159
|style="text-align:center;" | 159
|[[Raasi (actress)|Raasi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |11 November
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |160
|style="text-align:center;" | 160
| [[Rahul Sipligunj]], [[Punarnavi Bhupalam]]
| style="text-align:center;" |18 November
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Punarnavi ఎదుటే ఏడ్చేసిన రాహుల్.. ఓదార్చిన హార్ట్ ఫ్రెండ్|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/rahul-sipligunj-gets-emotional-in-alitho-saradaga-talk-show/articleshow/72045598.cms|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |161
|style="text-align:center;" | 161
| [[Chota K. Naidu]]
| style="text-align:center;" |25 November
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |162
|style="text-align:center;" | 162
| [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| style="text-align:center;" |2 December
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |163
|style="text-align:center;" | 163
|[[Sudigali Sudheer]]
| style="text-align:center;" |9 December
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |164
|style="text-align:center;" | 164
|[[A. Kodandarami Reddy]]
| style="text-align:center;" |16 December
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |165
|style="text-align:center;" | 165
|[[Sai Dharam Tej]], [[Maruthi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |23 December
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sai Dharam Tej Reveals Few Secretes About His Life..|url=https://www.ap7am.com/lv-321259-sai-dharam-tej-reveals-few-secretes-about-his-life|access-date=2020-10-11|website=ap7am.com}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |166
|style="text-align:center;" | 166
|[[Khushbu Sundar|Kushboo Sundar]]
| style="text-align:center;" |30 December
|
|}

=== 2020 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! No. overall
! No. in season
! Guest(s)
! Date of Broadcast
! Ref.
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |167
|style="text-align:center;" | 167
|[[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]]
| style="text-align:center;" |6 January
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vasundhara|title=ఇప్పుడాపేర్లు చెబితే వాళ్లింట్లో భూకంపమే!|url=https://www.vasundhara.net/entertainment/celebrity-women/14674/actress-anjali-in-alitho-saradaga-a-celebrity-chat-show|access-date=2020-10-11|website=vasundhara.net}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |168
|style="text-align:center;" | 168
|[[Nandamuri Kalyan Ram]]
| style="text-align:center;" |13 January
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alitho Saradaga Promo : Sankranthi 2020 special with Nandamuri Kalyan Ram..|url=https://www.ap7am.com/lv-322558-alitho-saradaga-promo-sankranthi-2020-special-with-nandamuri-kalyan-ram|access-date=2020-10-11|website=ap7am.com}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |169
|style="text-align:center;" | 169
|[[Anil Ravipudi]], [[Rajendra Prasad]]
| style="text-align:center;" |20 January
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alitho Saradaga {{!}} 20th January 2020 {{!}} Anil Ravipudi(Director), Rajendra Prasad (Actor) {{!}} ETV Telugu – YouTube in 2020 {{!}} Rajendra prasad, Actors, Telugu|url=https://www.pinterest.com/pin/303078249925630767/|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Pinterest|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |170
|style="text-align:center;" | 170
|[[Suman (actor)|Suman]]
| style="text-align:center;" |27 January
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ETV Win|url=https://www.etvwin.com/|access-date=2020-10-11|website=ETVWin}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |171
|style="text-align:center;" | 171
|[[Rajasree]]
| style="text-align:center;" |3 February
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Alitho Saradaga {{!}} 3rd February 2020 {{!}} Rajasree (Actor) {{!}} ETV Telugu|url=https://trshow.info/watch/PgYaq_gb92g/alitho-saradaga-3rd-february-2020-rajasree-actor-etv-telugu.html|language=tr|access-date=2020-10-11}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |172
|style="text-align:center;" | 172
|[[Varun Sandesh]], [[Vithika Sheru]]
| style="text-align:center;" |10 February
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-06|title=Varun Sandesh makes a controversial statement on his wedding|url=https://teluguin.com/en/tv/varun-sandesh-makes-a-controversial-statement-on-his-wedding-110310.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014032817/https://teluguin.com/en/tv/varun-sandesh-makes-a-controversial-statement-on-his-wedding-110310.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=14 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Latest Telugu Political News {{!}} Telangana {{!}} Andhra Pradesh News|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |173
|style="text-align:center;" | 173
| [[B. Gopal]]
| style="text-align:center;" |27 February
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |174
|style="text-align:center;" | 174
| [[Rekha Vedavyas]]
| style="text-align:center;" |24 February
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vasundhara|title=అతనెవరో చెబితే ప్రేమించుకుంటాం!|url=https://www.vasundhara.net/entertainment/celebrity-women/15113/rekha-vedavyas-in-alitho-saradaga-show|access-date=2020-10-11|website=vasundhara.net}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |175
|style="text-align:center;" | 175
|[[Ravi Shankar]]
| style="text-align:center;" |2 March
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ali tho Saradaga 175th episode: Guest Ravishankar leaves host Ali in tears; watch promo|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/ali-tho-saradaga-175th-episode-guest-ravishankar-leaves-host-ali-in-tears-watch-promo/articleshow/74417013.cms|access-date=2020-10-11|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |176
|style="text-align:center;" | 176
|[[Tulasi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |9 March
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vasundhara|title=ఆ పాత్ర చేయడం కంటే గంజి తాగడమే బెటర్‌ అనిపించింది!|url=https://www.vasundhara.net/entertainment/celebrity-women/15302/senior-actress-tulasi-in-ali-tho-saradaga|access-date=2020-10-11|website=vasundhara.net}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |177
|style="text-align:center;" | 177
|[[Pradeep Machiraju]]
| style="text-align:center;" |16 March
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-17|title=ప్రదీప్ మాచిరాజుకు రూ 500 ఇచ్చిన ఆలీ.. ఎందుకో తెలుసా..|url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/comedian-ali-given-500-rupees-to-anchor-pradeep-machiraju-here-are-the-details-ta-477048.html|access-date=2020-11-25|website=News18 Telugu}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |178
|style="text-align:center;" | 178
|[[Sudheer Babu]]
| style="text-align:center;" |23 March
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-25|title=Here's what Sudheer Babu has learnt from Mahesh Babu|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/heres-what-sudheer-babu-has-learnt-from-mahesh-babu.html|access-date=2020-10-11|website=123telugu.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |179
|style="text-align:center;" | 179
|[[Kona Venkat]]
| style="text-align:center;" |30 March
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-26|title=Reason behind kona and srinu vaitla clash కోన, శ్రీను వైట్ల మధ్య క్లాష్‌కి కారణమిదేనట!|url=https://www.cinejosh.com/news-in-telugu/4/50289/ali-kona-venkat-alitho-saradaga-srinu-vaitla-clash.html|access-date=2020-10-11|website=CineJosh}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |180
|style="text-align:center;" | 180
|[[Sivaji Raja]]
| style="text-align:center;" |22 June
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ఆ బీప్ మోహన్ బాబుని ఉద్దేశించేనా??|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/video-gallery/cinema/shivaji-raja-alitho-saradaga-promo/videoshow/74960122.cms|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |181
|style="text-align:center;" | 181
|[[Anup Rubens]]
| style="text-align:center;" |29 June
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Telugu Tv Show Alitho Saradaga Synopsis Aired On ETV Telugu Channel|url=https://nettv4u.com/about/Telugu/tv-shows/alitho-saradaga|access-date=2020-10-11|website=nettv4u|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |182
|style="text-align:center;" | 182
|[[Suma Kanakala]], [[Pradeep Machiraju]]
| style="text-align:center;" |6 July
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ali Tho Saradaga to feature Suma Kanakala and Pradeep Machiraju soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/ali-tho-saradaga-to-feature-suma-kanakala-and-pradeep-machiraju-soon/articleshow/76731962.cms|access-date=2020-10-11|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |183
|style="text-align:center;" | 183
|[[Rashmi Gautam]], [[Sudigali Sudheer]]
| style="text-align:center;" |13 July
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=సుధీర్‌తో పెళ్లి చూపులకే పాల గ్లాస్.. రష్మీ!! ఇదీ శోభనం కాదమ్మా.. రచ్చ మామూలుగా లేదు|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/video-gallery/cinema/rashmi-and-sudheer-alitho-saradaga-promo-goes-viral/videoshow/76934110.cms|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |184
|style="text-align:center;" | 184
|Ram-Lakshman
| style="text-align:center;" |20 July
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=బండరాయే మా గురువు...|url=https://www.sitara.net/sithara-special/ram-lakshman-special-interview/20759|access-date=2020-10-11|website=సితార|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |185
|style="text-align:center;" | 185
|[[P. Sai Kumar]], [[Aadi (actor)|Aadi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |27 July
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sai Kumar: శర్మ కూడా సినిమా తీసేవాడయ్యాడా అంటూ నన్ను హేళన చేశారు: సాయి కుమార్ కన్నీటి పర్యంతం|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/hero-sai-kumar-gets-emotional-in-alitho-saradaga-show/articleshow/77090066.cms|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |186
|style="text-align:center;" | 186
|[[Jhansi (TV anchor)|Jhansi]], [[Sunitha Upadrashta]]
| style="text-align:center;" |3 August
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anchor-Jhansi-Alitho-Saradaga: Latest Anchor-Jhansi-Alitho-Saradaga News & Updates, Anchor-Jhansi-Alitho-Saradaga Photos & Images, Anchor-Jhansi-Alitho-Saradaga Videos {{!}}|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/topics/Anchor-Jhansi-Alitho-Saradaga|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |187
|style="text-align:center;" | 187
|[[K. S. Rama Rao]]
| style="text-align:center;" |10 August
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alitho Saradaga promo: Producer KS Rama Rao reveals reason for giving megastar title to Chiranjeevi..|url=https://www.ap7am.com/lv-334241-alitho-saradaga-promo-producer-ks-rama-rao-reveals-reason-for-giving-megastar-title-to-chiranjeevi|access-date=2020-10-11|website=ap7am.com}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |188
|style="text-align:center;" | 188
|[[Kasthuri (actress)|Kasthuri]]
| style="text-align:center;" |17 August
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vasundhara|title=రోజూ ఆ ముగ్గురికీ 'థ్యాంక్స్‌' చెప్పాకనే నిద్ర పోతాను!|url=https://www.vasundhara.net/entertainment/Article/16620/actress-kasturi-in-alitho-saradaga-chat-show|access-date=2020-10-11|website=vasundhara.net}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |189
|style="text-align:center;" | 189
|[[Anasuya Bharadwaj]]
| style="text-align:center;" |24 August
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anasuya Photos At 'Alitho Saradaga' TV Interview – Actress Album in 2020 {{!}} Glamour, Actresses, Backless dress|url=https://www.pinterest.com/pin/637189047273195403/|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Pinterest|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |190
|style="text-align:center;" | 190
|[[Bandla Ganesh]]
| style="text-align:center;" |31 August
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alitho Saradaga teaser: Bandla Ganesh reveals his mindset changed post recovery from COVID-19; watch|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/alitho-saradaga-teaser-bandla-ganesh-reveals-his-mindset-changed-post-recovery-from-covid-19-watch/articleshow/77736601.cms|access-date=2020-10-11|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |191
|style="text-align:center;" | 191
|[[Priyadarshi Pulikonda]]
| style="text-align:center;" |7 September
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ravi|first=Murali|date=2020-09-02|title=Actor Priyadarshi steals money from his father ATM|url=https://www.tollywood.net/actor-priyadarshi-steals-money-from-his-father-atm/|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Tollywood|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |192
|style="text-align:center;" | 192
| [[Nikhil Siddharth]]
| style="text-align:center;" |14 September
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=పెళ్ళైన నాలుగు నెలలకే కూతురు...ఆలీతో ఆ సీక్రెట్ చెప్పిన నిఖిల్|url=https://filmyfocus.com/telugu/hero-nikhil-named-his-daughter-as-maya/|access-date=2021-01-06|website=Filmy Focus|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |193
|style="text-align:center;" | 193
|[[Naveen Chandra]]
| style="text-align:center;" |21 September
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=అమ్మాయిలు అండర్ వేర్‌లు పంపేవారు.. ఓ అమ్మాయైతే లేచిపోయి వచ్చింది: నవీన్ చంద్ర|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/andala-rakshasi-fame-naveen-chandra-bold-secrets-revealed-in-alitho-alitho-saradaga-show/articleshow/78131034.cms|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |194
|style="text-align:center;" | 194
| [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
| style="text-align:center;" |28 September
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=s-v-krishna-reddy-alitho-saradaga Photos: Latest s-v-krishna-reddy-alitho-saradaga Photos & Images, Popular s-v-krishna-reddy-alitho-saradaga Photo Gallery {{!}}|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/topics/s-v-krishna-reddy-alitho-saradaga/photos|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |195
|style="text-align:center;" | 195
|[[Raj Tarun]]
| style="text-align:center;" |5 October
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=లవ్‌ మ్యారేజ్‌ చేసుకుంటా..! రాజ్‌ తరుణ్‌|url=https://www.eenadu.net/telangana/latestnews/raj-tarun-about-his-wedding/1800/120115033|access-date=2020-10-11|website=eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |196
|style="text-align:center;" | 196
|[[Satyadev (actor)|Satyadev]]
| style="text-align:center;" |13 October
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alitho Saradaga: పూరీ ఆ మాట చెప్పగానే రెండు జేబుల్లో చేతులు పెట్టుకుని నడుచుకుంటూ వెళ్లిపోయా: సత్యదేవ్|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/hero-satyadev-in-alitho-saradaga-latest-promo/articleshow/78534447.cms|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |197
|style="text-align:center;" | 197
|[[V. V. Vinayak]]
| style="text-align:center;" |19 October
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ఆలీ సీక్రెట్స్‌ బయటపెడతానన్న వినాయక్‌..!|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/Alitho-Saradaga-Latest-Promo-Ali-with-VV-Vinayak/0200/120122044|access-date=2020-10-18|website=eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |198
|style="text-align:center;" | 198
|[[Varshini Sounderajan]], [[Hyper Aadi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |26 October
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ఆ దర్శకుడు చేసిన పనితో షాకయ్యా!|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/Alitho-Saradaga-funny-chat-show-with-Hyper-Aadhi-and-Varshini/0201/120127828|access-date=2020-11-06|website=eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |199
|style="text-align:center;" | 199
|[[Navdeep]]
| style="text-align:center;" |2 November
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alitho Saradaga's latest teaser is out; Guest Navdeep reveals about his first kiss and confusion on marriage|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/alitho-saradagas-latest-teaser-is-out-guest-navdeep-reveals-about-his-first-kiss-and-confusion-on-marriage/articleshow/78913003.cms|access-date=2020-10-28|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |200
|style="text-align:center;" | 200
|Himaja, Chalaki Chanti
| style="text-align:center;" |9 November
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-03|title=Jabardasth Chanti: కట్నం ఎవడు తీసుకోవట్లేదు.. జబర్దస్త్ చంటి సంచలన వ్యాఖ్యలు..|url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/jabardasth-comedian-chalaki-chanti-open-statements-on-dowry-system-pk-651592.html|access-date=2020-11-06|website=News18 Telugu}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |201
|style="text-align:center;" | 201
|[[Archana (actress)|Archana]]
| style="text-align:center;" |16 November
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=పాతికేళ్ల తర్వాత తెరముందుకొచ్చిన ఉత్తమనటి..!|url=https://m.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/After-Twenty-Five-Years-Actress-Archana-Came-in-Front-of-Camera/0201/120136202|access-date=2020-11-15|website=m.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |202
|style="text-align:center;" | 202
|Girish Pradhaan, Bhamidipati Sabita
| style="text-align:center;" |23 November
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |203
|style="text-align:center;" | 203
|[[Kota Srinivasa Rao]], [[Babu Mohan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |30 November
|<ref>{{Cite web|title='ఆవగింజంత అదృష్టం ఉండాలి': కోట శ్రీనివాసరావు|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/Alitho-saradaga-latest-promo/0200/120141261|access-date=2020-11-26|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |204
|style="text-align:center;" | 204
|[[Suman (actor)|Suman]], [[Bhanu Chander]]
| style="text-align:center;" |7 December
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |205
|style="text-align:center;" | 205
|[[Raja Abel|Raja]]
| style="text-align:center;" |14 December
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ali tho Saradaga: Actor-turned-pastor Raja Abel reveals why he quit the industry and would discourage acting aspirants|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/ali-tho-saradaga-actor-turned-pastor-raja-abel-reveals-why-he-quit-the-industry-and-would-discourage-acting-aspirants/articleshow/79677024.cms|access-date=2020-12-12|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |206
|style="text-align:center;" | 206
|[[Annapoorna (actress)|Annapoorna]], [[Y. Vijaya]]
| style="text-align:center;" |21 December
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actress Annapoorna: నన్నెవరూ గోకేవారు కాదు.. ఎన్టీఆర్ పట్టుకుంటే ఎముకలు ఫట్ ఫట్‌మనేవి: వై.విజయ, అన్నపూర్ణ|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/senior-actress-annapoorna-and-y-vijaya-in-alitho-saradaga-latest-promo/articleshow/79778252.cms|access-date=2020-12-19|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |207
|style="text-align:center;" | 207
| [[Sudha Chandran]]
| style="text-align:center;" |28 December
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Alitho Saradaga promo: Ch. Ramoji Rao offered me blank cheque for Mayuri movie, reveals Sudha Chandran|url=https://www.ap7am.com/lv-341576-alitho-saradaga-promo-ch-ramoji-rao-offered-me-blank-cheque-for-mayuri-movie-reveals-sudha-chandran|access-date=2020-12-23|website=ap7am.com|language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== 2021 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! No. overall
! No. in season
! Guest(s)
! Date of Broadcast
! Ref.
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |208
|style="text-align:center;" | 208
| [[Tanikella Bharani]]
| style="text-align:center;" |4 January
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ఎస్పీబీని తలుచుకుని తనికెళ్ల భరణి భావోద్వేగం|url=https://m.eenadu.net/latestnews/Actor-Tanikella-Bharani-Alitho-Saradaga-promo/120165497|access-date=2020-12-29|website=m.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |209
|style="text-align:center;" | 209
| Jackie, Haritha
| style="text-align:center;" |11 January
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ఆలీ కొంటె ప్రశ్న.. జాకీ తుంటరి సమాధానం|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/newsarticle/alitho-saradaga-with-jackie-and-haritha/0202/121003555|access-date=2021-01-06|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |210
|style="text-align:center;" | 210
| [[Siva Balaji]], [[Madhumitha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |18 January
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siva Balaji And Madhumitha: శివ బాలాజీ-మధుమిత బ్రేకప్.. ఎవరికీ తెలియని విషయాన్ని బయటపెట్టిన అలీ|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/siva-balaji-and-madhumitha-alitho-saradaga-episode-211-promo/articleshow/80252134.cms|access-date=2021-01-19|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |211
|style="text-align:center;" | 211
| [[Shakeela]], [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |25 January
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alitho Saradaga: సావిత్రి అన్నీ పుణ్యాలే చేస్తే అలా ఎందుకు పోయింది.. ఆత్మకథలో అబద్ధాలు చెప్పాలా? షకీలా సంచలన కామెంట్స్|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/alitho-saradaga-latest-promo-actress-shakeela-shocking-comments-on-mahanati-savitri/articleshow/80361612.cms|access-date=2021-01-21|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |212
|style="text-align:center;" | 212
| [[Krishna Bhagavaan]], [[Prudhvi Raj]]
| style="text-align:center;" |1 February
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=నా నోటికి తొందరెక్కువ: 'మంచు' దెబ్బ వెనుక కథ! - alitho saradaga funny chat with krishna bhagwan and prudhvi raj|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/newsarticle/alitho-saradaga-funny-chat-with-krishna-bhagwan-and-prudhvi-raj/0206/121024538|access-date=2021-02-09|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |213
|style="text-align:center;" | 213
| [[Suresh (actor, born 1963)|Suresh]]
| style="text-align:center;" |8 February
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alitho Saradaga: నా భార్య వేరే రూట్‌కి వెళ్లింది.. అందుకే వదిలేశా! సీనియర్ హీరో సురేష్ సంచలన కామెంట్స్|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/alitho-saradaga-latest-promo-reasons-behind-senior-hero-suresh-divorced-to-his-wife-anitha/articleshow/80672285.cms|access-date=2021-02-09|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |214
|style="text-align:center;" | 214
|[[Hema (actress)|Hema]], [[Sri Lakshmi (actress)|Sri Lakshmi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |15 February
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ఈ బతుకు అవసరమా అనిపించింది: శ్రీలక్ష్మి - alitho saradaga hema sri lakshmi|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/newsarticle/alitho-saradaga-hema-sri-lakshmi/0210/121028946|access-date=2021-02-17|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |215
|style="text-align:center;" | 215
|[[Mumaith Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |22 February
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=నా బ్రెయిన్‌లో 9 టైటానియం తీగలున్నాయి! - alitho saradaga with mumaith khan|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/alitho-saradaga-with-mumaith-khan/0206/121039572|access-date=2021-03-07|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |216
|style="text-align:center;" | 216
| [[Anand Sai]], Vasuki Anand
| style="text-align:center;" |1 March
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alitho Saradaga: అబ్బాయి కులం అడిగితే పెళ్లికి రావొద్దని అమ్మనాన్నలకు చెప్పా: పవన్ కళ్యాణ్ చెల్లెలు కుండబద్దలు|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/alitho-saradaga-latest-promo-tholi-prema-pawan-kalyan-sister-vasuki-and-anand-sai/articleshow/81243929.cms|access-date=2021-03-07|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |217
|style="text-align:center;" | 217
|[[Jayalalita]], Varalakshmi
| style="text-align:center;" |8 March
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=సినీ నటి జయలలిత రూ.4 కోట్లు కాజేసినోడు వీడే.. రాజుగారి భారీ మోసాన్ని బయటపెట్టిన కరాటే కళ్యాణి|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/karate-kalyani-reveals-the-cheater-name-in-actress-jayalalitha-financial-issue/articleshow/81348665.cms|access-date=2021-03-07|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |218
|style="text-align:center;" | 218
|[[Sree Vishnu]], [[Anil Ravipudi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |15 March
|<ref>{{Cite web|title='రాజా ది గ్రేట్‌' రామ్‌తో తీయాల్సింది.. కానీ..! - alitho sardaga funny chat show with Director Anil Ravipudi and actor Sree Vishnu|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/newsarticle/alitho-sardaga-funny-chat-show-with-Director-Anil-Ravipudi-and-actor-Sree-Vishnu/0206/121055380|access-date=2021-03-26|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |219
|style="text-align:center;" | 219
|[[Naveen Polishetty]], K. V. Anudeep (Cash Anudeep)
| style="text-align:center;" |22 March
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=మాకు పెళ్లి జరగదని ఫిక్సైపోయాం: నవీన్‌ పొలిశెట్టి - alitho saradaga|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/alitho-saradaga/0201/121056157|access-date=2021-03-26|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |220
|style="text-align:center;" | 220
|[[Kartikeya Gummakonda]], [[Lavanya Tripathi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |29 March
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ఎవరూ పిల్లనిచ్చేలా లేరు: కార్తికేయ - alitho saradaga kartikeya and lavanya tripathi|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/alitho-saradaga-kartikeya-and-lavanya-tripathi/0201/121060587|access-date=2021-03-26|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |221
|style="text-align:center;" | 221
|[[Banerjee (actor)|Banerjee]], [[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]]
| style="text-align:center;" |5 April
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ఓ మర్డర్‌ కేసులో నేను సాక్షిని : నటుడు జీవా - alitho saradaga|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/newsarticle/alitho-saradaga/0206/121066564|access-date=2021-04-09|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |222
|style="text-align:center;" | 222
|[[Sekhar Kammula]]
| style="text-align:center;" |12 April
|<ref>{{Cite web|title='ఫిదా' మహేశ్‌బాబు.. రామ్‌చరణ్‌లకు చెప్పా! - director sekhar kammula alitho saradaga promo|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/director-sekhar-kammula-alitho-saradaga-promo/0201/121071115|access-date=2021-04-09|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 223
|style="text-align:center;" | 223
| [[Dubbing Janaki]], Krishnaveni
| style="text-align:center;" | 19 April
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=పదేళ్లకే నాకు పెళ్లి చేశారు: నటి కృష్ణవేణి - alitho saradaga latest promo|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/newsarticle/alitho-saradaga-latest-promo/0210/121076243|access-date=2021-04-16|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 224
|style="text-align:center;" | 224
| [[Gautami]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 26 April
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vasundhara|title=క్యాన్సర్ విషయంలో అలా అనుకోవడమే మనం చేసే పెద్ద తప్పు!|url=https://www.vasundhara.net/entertainment/movie-news/18571/alitho-saradaga-special-chat-show-with-actress-in-telugu|access-date=2021-05-10|website=vasundhara.net}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 225
|style="text-align:center;" | 225
|[[Vishwak Sen]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3 May
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=నాకు నేనుగా నిలబడతా.. ఆ 'దమ్ము'నాకుంది - alitho saradaga funny chat show with vishwak sen|url=https://m.eenadu.net/cinema/newsarticle/alitho-saradaga-funny-chat-show-with-vishwak-sen/0201/121091639|access-date=2021-05-10|website=m.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |226
|style="text-align:center;" | 226
| Surekha Vani, [[Rajitha]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 10 May
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-06|title=Surekha Vani: డబ్బున్నోడే కావాలి.. నన్ను అడిగే ధైర్యం వారికి లేదు.. సురేఖా వాణి బోల్డ్ కామెంట్స్..|url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/surekha-vani-comments-on-her-second-marriage-and-some-other-intersting-facts-about-her-family-in-alitho-saradaga-show-sr-863044-page-3.html|access-date=2021-05-10|website=News18 Telugu}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |227
|style="text-align:center;" | 227
|Paritala Nirupam, Paritala Manjula
| style="text-align:center;" |17 May
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karthika Deepam నిరుపమ్‌ పరిటాల‌కి బెదిరింపులు.. చంపేసి, చెప్పుల దండతో ఊరేగిస్తాం అంటూ..|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/nirupam-paritala-and-manjula-in-alitho-saradaga/articleshow/82566844.cms|access-date=2021-05-18|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 228
|style="text-align:center;" | 228
|Navya Swamy, Srivani
| style="text-align:center;" | 24 May
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ali tho Saradaga: మా నాన్న ఉన్నా లేనట్టే: శ్రీవాణి - alitho saradaga navya swamy and srivani|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/alitho-saradaga-navya-swamy-and-srivani/0201/121100995|access-date=2021-05-21|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 229
|style="text-align:center;" | 229
|[[V. Vijayendra Prasad]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 31 May
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vijayendra Prasad: స్టార్ రైటర్ విజయేంద్ర ప్రసాద్‌కు తనయుడు రాజమౌళి కంటే ఆ డైరెక్టర్ అంటే ఎక్కువ ఇష్టమట..|url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/national/vijayendra-prasad-pan-india-writer-says-his-favourite-director-puri-jagannadh-net-rajamouli-ta-889800.html|access-date=2021-05-28|website=News18 Telugu|date=28 May 2021|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 230
|style="text-align:center;" | 230
|[[Baladitya (actor)|Baladitya]], Kaushik
| style="text-align:center;" | 7 June
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alitho Saradaga: నా అన్నయ్య రాముడిలాంటోడు - kaushik and baladitya at alitho saradaga|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/kaushik-and-baladitya-at-alitho-saradaga/0201/121116796|access-date=2021-06-10|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 231
|style="text-align:center;" | 231
|[[Abhinaya Krishna]], Auto Ram Prasad
| style="text-align:center;" | 14 June
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ఆలీతో 'జబర్దస్త్‌' కమెడియన్ల అల్లరి - alitho saradaga adhire abhiauto ram prasad|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/alitho-saradaga-adhire-abhiauto-ram-prasad/0201/121116142|access-date=2021-06-10|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 232
|style="text-align:center;" | 232
|[[Preeti Nigam]], Shruti
|style="text-align:center;" | 21 June
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=చెప్పుల్లేకుండానే నడుస్తూ వెళ్లాను: ప్రీతినిగమ్‌ - preethi nigam and shruthi in alitho saradaga|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/preethi-nigam-and-shruthi-in-alitho-saradaga/0210/121124950|access-date=2021-06-21|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 233
|style="text-align:center;" | 233
|[[Sadha]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 28 June
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sadha - NBK - Jr NTR: బాలకృష్ణ, ఎన్టీఆర్‌లపై సదా షాకింగ్ కామెంట్స్.. ఆ హీరోతో ఎఫైర్ గురించి స్పందించిన 'అపరిచితుడు' భామ..|url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/sadha-jayam-fame-shocking-comments-on-balakrishna-and-jr-ntr-and-she-tells-about-affairs-ta-935004.html|access-date=2021-06-30|website=News18 Telugu|date=29 June 2021|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 234
|style="text-align:center;" | 234
|[[Kamna Jethmalani]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5 July
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alitho Saradaga: చైనా.. అదే నా ఫస్ట్‌ అండ్‌ లాస్ట్‌ ట్రిప్‌ - latest promo of alitho saradaga show|url=https://m.eenadu.net/cinema/newsarticle/latest-promo-of-alitho-saradaga-show/210/121132539|access-date=2021-07-02|website=m.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 235
|style="text-align:center;" | 235
|[[Vijay Prakash]], Mahathi
| style="text-align:center;" | 12 July
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alitho Saradaga: ఎస్పీ బాలసుబ్రహ్మణ్యం గురించి ఇంట్రెస్టింగ్ విషయాలు చెప్పిన సింగర్ విజయ్?|url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/singer-vijay-prakash-intresting-comments-on-sp-bala-subramanyam-in-alitho-saradaga-show-nr-946314.html|access-date=2021-07-10|website=News18 Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 236
|style="text-align:center;" | 236
|[[Roja Ramani]], S. Chakrapani
| style="text-align:center;" | 19 July
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ఇద్దరికీ భక్తి భావం ఎక్కువే.. తరుణ్, చక్రపాణిలపై రోజా రమణి కామెంట్|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/roja-ramani-says-about-her-life-secrets-in-alitho-saradaga/articleshow/84406690.cms|access-date=2021-07-19|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 237
|style="text-align:center;" | 237
|[[S. Gopala Reddy]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 26 July
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=రివ్యూ చూడగానే కన్నీళ్లు వచ్చాయి: గోపాల్‌రెడ్డి - alitho saradaga latest promo with cinematographer gopal reddy bhargav|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/newsarticle/alitho-saradaga-latest-promo-with-cinematographer-gopal-reddy-bhargav/0210/121147799|access-date=2021-07-27|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 238
|style="text-align:center;" | 238
|[[K. S. Chithra]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2 August
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chitra: ఒక్క రోజులో 16 పాటలు పాడా.. అది తెలిసి అమ్మ కోప్పడింది|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/newsarticle/telugu-news-singer-chitra-interview-with-ali-on-etv-alitjo-saradaga-promo/210/121152915|website=Eenadu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 239
|style="text-align:center;" | 239
| [[Relangi Narasimha Rao]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 August
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 240
|style="text-align:center;" | 240
|[[Vanitha Vijayakumar]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 16 August
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alitho Saradaga: From her admiration for Jr NTR to strained relationship with family, Vanitha Vijaykumar to make some shocking revelations|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/alitho-saradaga-from-her-admiration-for-jr-ntr-to-strained-relationship-with-family-vanitha-vijaykumar-to-make-some-shocking-revelations/articleshow/85211151.cms|access-date=2021-08-13|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 241
|style="text-align:center;" | 241
|[[Vishnu Manchu|Manchu Vishnu]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 23 August
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manchu Vishnu: ఆ నాలుగు సినిమాల ఎంపిక తప్పు! - telugu news alitho saradaga promo actor manchu vishnu|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/telugu-news-alitho-saradaga-promo-actor-manchu-vishnu/0201/121168771|access-date=2021-08-17|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |242
|style="text-align:center;" | 242
| [[Indraja]], [[Aamani]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 30 August
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/alitho-saradaga-funny-chat-show-with-heroines-indraja-aamani/0201/121179954|title = Indraja - Amani: ఇప్పటివరకూ ఈ విషయం ఇంద్రజకు కూడా తెలియదు - alitho saradaga funny chat show with heroines indraja aamani}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 243
|style="text-align:center;" | 243
|[[Srinivas Avasarala]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 6 September
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=avasarala srinivas: స్క్రిప్ట్‌ రాస్తుంటే డైలాగ్స్‌ ఆయన గొంతులో వినిపిస్తాయి! - alitho saradaga latest episode with avasarala srinivas|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/alitho-saradaga-latest-episode-with-avasarala-srinivas/0201/121185343|access-date=2021-09-09|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 244
|style="text-align:center;" | 244
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 13 September
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mano: ఇంకోసారి అలా చేస్తే మద్రాసులో ఉండవన్నారు: మనో - telugu news alitho saradaga latest promo mano jameela|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/newsarticle/telugu-news-alitho-saradaga-latest-promo-mano-jameela/210/121184489|access-date=2021-09-09|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 245
|style="text-align:center;" | 245
|[[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 20 September
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chandrabose: ఆ పాటకు 29 రోజులు పడితే.. 'రంగస్థలం' కోసం 30 నిమిషాల్లో రాశా: చంద్రబోస్‌ - alitho saradaga lyricist chandrabose latest promo|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/alitho-saradaga-lyricist-chandrabose-latest-promo/1600/121189905|access-date=2021-09-16|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 246
|style="text-align:center;" | 246
|[[Mohan Babu]] (Part 1)
| style="text-align:center;" | 27 September
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-23|title=Mohan Babu: గతాన్ని నెమరువేసుకుంటే దుఃఖం వస్తుంది.. ఎమోషనల్‌ అయిన మోహన్ బాబు. ఆలీతో ఇంకెన్ని విషయాలు పంచుకున్నారో..|url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/tollywood/actor-mohan-babu-gets-emotional-in-alitho-saradaga-latest-show-promo-released-544104.html|access-date=2021-10-06|website=TV9 Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 247
|style="text-align:center;" | 247
|[[Mohan Babu]] (Part 2)
| style="text-align:center;" | 4 October
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mohan babu: మా స్కూల్‌లో చదివిన అమ్మాయి ఇప్పుడు టాప్‌ హీరోయిన్‌ - alitho saradaga latest interview with mohan babu|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/newsarticle/alitho-saradaga-latest-interview/0206/121204929|access-date=2021-10-06|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 248
|style="text-align:center;" | 248
|[[Prakash Raj]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 11 October
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prakash Raj News: ప్రతీకారంతో 'మా' ఎన్నికల్లో పోటీ చేయట్లేదు!|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/telugu/telangana/sitara/tv-and-theater/prakash-raj-interview-in-alitho-saradaga-episode-promo/na20211006053159428|access-date=2021-10-06|website=ETV Bharat News}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 249
|style="text-align:center;" | 249
|[[Srinu Vaitla]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 8 November
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Srinu Vaitla: అజిత్‌తో 'దూకుడు' చేసి ఉండాల్సింది.. 'ఆగడు' ఆడకపోవటానికి కారణం అదే! - alitho saradaga latest promo director srinu vaitla|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/alitho-saradaga-latest-promo-director-srinu-vaitla/0201/121224686|access-date=2021-11-28|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 250
|style="text-align:center;" | 250
|[[Nagineedu]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 15 November
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nagineedu: మీ వల్ల నా సినిమా మొత్తం నాశనమైపోయిందని ఆ దర్శకుడు అరిచాడు.. - alitho saradaga latest episode with actor nagineedu|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/newsarticle/alitho-saradaga-latest-episode-with-actor-nagineedu/0206/121234494|access-date=2021-11-28|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 251
|style="text-align:center;" | 251
|[[Niharika Konidela]], Nikhil
| style="text-align:center;" | 22 November
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Niharika: మా నలుగురికి కొంచెం మెంటల్‌.. మా ఆయనకు నేను సినిమాలు చేయడం ఇష్టం లేదు - alitho saradaga latest episode with niharika and nikhil|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/alitho-saradaga-latest-episode-with-niharika-and-nikhil/0200/121239707|access-date=2021-11-24|website=www.eenadu.net|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 252
|style="text-align:center;" | 252
|[[Brahmanandam]] (Part 1)
| style="text-align:center;" | 29 November
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/alitho-saradaga-latest-promo-brahmanandam/0201/121238970|title = Brahmanandam: ఆలీతో సరదాగాలో 'కామెడీ కింగ్‌' బ్రహ్మానందం - alitho saradaga latest promo brahmanandam}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 253
|style="text-align:center;" | 253
|[[Brahmanandam]] (Part 2)
| style="text-align:center;" | 6 December
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brahmanandam: బ్రహ్మానందంలో మరో కోణం.. ఎస్వీఆర్‌ వాయిస్‌ దించేశారు|url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/telugu-news-alitho-saradaga-part-2-latest-promo-brahmanandam/0201/121244870|access-date=2022-01-19|website=EENADU|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 254
|style="text-align:center;" | 254
|[[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]], [[Shamna Kasim|Poorna]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 13 December
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actress Poorna: దానికి ‘ఎస్’ చెప్పలేదు కనుకే ఇలా ఉన్నా.. ‘సీమ టపాకాయ్‌’ టైంలో చాలాసార్లు ‘నో’ చెప్పాను.. హీరోయిన్ పూర్ణ బయటపెట్టిన గుట్టు|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/actress-poorna-praises-nandamuri-balakrishna-at-alitho-saradaga-promo/articleshow/88171232.cms|access-date=2022-01-19|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 255
|style="text-align:center;" | 255
|[[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran|Aishwarya]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 20 December
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aishwarya : షూటింగ్ గ్యాప్‌లో పెళ్లి చేసుకున్న హీరోయిన్.. ఆలీతో సరదాగా ప్రోగ్రామ్‌లో ఒకప్పటి కథానాయిక ఐశ్వర్య సంచలన నిజాలు..|url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/aishwarya-veteran-heroine-daughter-of-lakshmi-interview-with-alitho-saradaga-programme-she-says-her-film-and-personal-matters-in-ali-talk-show-ta-1132528.html|access-date=2022-01-19|website=News18 Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 256
|style="text-align:center;" | 256
|[[S. Thaman]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 27 December
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thaman: ఆరు ఫ్లాప్‌ పాటలు చేద్దామని ఎవరూ రారు: తమన్‌|url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/telugu-news-alitho-saradaga-latest-promo-thaman/0201/121260454|access-date=2022-01-19|website=EENADU|language=te}}</ref>
|}

=== 2022 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! text-align:center; |No. overall
! text-align:center;|No. in season
! text-align:center; |Guest(s)
! text-align:center; |Date of Broadcast
! Ref.
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 257
| style="text-align:center;" | 257
| [[Tanikella Bharani]] (re-telecast of episode 208 as episode 257)
| style="text-align:center;" | 3 January
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 258
|style="text-align:center;" | 258
|[[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]], [[Jeevitha]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 10 January
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajasekhar: అప్పుడు రెండు, మూడు రోజుల్లో చనిపోతాననుకున్నా: రాజశేఖర్‌|url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/alitho-saradaga-latest-promo-with-rajasekhar-and-jeevitha/0201/122005154|access-date=2022-01-19|website=EENADU|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 259
|style="text-align:center;" | 259
|[[Krithi Shetty]], [[Kalyan Krishna]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 17 January
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=kalyan krishna: నాలుగు గంటలు నిలబడ్డా... ‘మాకు అవసరం లేదు వెళ్లిపో’మన్నారు|url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/alitho-saradaga-latest-episode-with-kriti-shetty-and-kalyan-krishna/0206/122012442|access-date=2022-01-19|website=EENADU|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 260
|style="text-align:center;" | 260
|[[Maheswari]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 24 January
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=గులాబీ సాంగ్ షూట్‌లో లోయలో పడిపోయాం : మహేశ్వరి|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/maheshwari-recalls-gulabi-bike-song-shoot-accident-in-alitho-saradaga-show/articleshow/88980167.cms|access-date=2022-01-19|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 261
|style="text-align:center;" | 261
|[[Sampath Raj]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 31 January
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sampath Raj: నటి శరణ్య నా ఎక్స్ వైఫ్ కాదు.. అసలు విషయం బయటపెట్టిన సంపత్ రాజ్|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/actor-sampath-raj-in-alitho-saradaga-latest-episode-promo/articleshow/89118918.cms|access-date=2022-01-27|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 262
|style="text-align:center;" | 262
|[[Malavika (actress)|Malavika]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 7 February
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malavika: గొడవపడుతూనే రొమాంటిక్‌ సాంగ్‌ చేశాం: మాళవిక|url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/alitho-saradaga-latest-episode-with-malavika/0206/122027286|access-date=2022-02-17|website=EENADU|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 263
|style="text-align:center;" | 263
|[[Srikanth (Tamil actor, born 1980)|Sriram]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 14 February
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sriram: రజినీకాంత్‌ వెనకనుంచి వచ్చి కౌగిలించుకున్నారు : శ్రీరామ్‌|url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/alitho-saradaga-latest-episode-with-actor-sriram/0206/122032263|access-date=2022-02-17|website=EENADU|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 264
|style="text-align:center;" | 264
|[[Vinod Kumar Alva]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 28 February
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alitho Saradaga: From disclosing his full name to sharing his complaint over Sai Kumar; veteran actor Vinod Kumar makes shocking revelations, watch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/alitho-saradaga-from-disclosing-his-full-name-to-his-complaint-over-sai-kumar-veteran-actor-vinod-kumar-makes-shocking-revelations-watch/articleshow/89778556.cms |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 265
|style="text-align:center;" | 265
|Venkat
| style="text-align:center;" | 7 March
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Venkat: నేను వద్దన్న అమ్మాయినే హీరోయిన్‌గా చేశారు: వెంకట్‌ |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/actor-venkat-about-chiranjeevi-in-alitho-saradaga-show/0201/122042017 |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=EENADU |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 266
|style="text-align:center;" | 266
|[[Satya Prakash (actor)|Satya Prakash]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 14 March
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-09 |title=దరిద్రపు నా కొడుకు అంటూ.. నటుడు సత్యప్రకాష్ కి ఘోర అవమానం..! |url=https://tnewstelugu.com/actor-satya-prakash-reveals-his-big-insult-in-alitho-saradaga |access-date=2022-03-13 |website=TNews Telugu |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 267
|style="text-align:center;" | 267
|[[Malashri]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 21 March
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alitho Saradaga: 25 ఏళ్ల తర్వాత.. తెలుగు ప్రేక్షకుల ముందుకు వచ్చిన నటి |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/alitho-saradaga-latest-promo/0201/122052596 |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=EENADU |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 268
|style="text-align:center;" | 268
|[[Yamuna (actress)|Yamuna]]{{Efn|Additionally Varshika, Manoj and Bobby were also invited to promote their TV Series ''Mouna Poratam''}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 28 March
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yamuna: ‘మౌనపోరాటం’ లేకపోతే యమున లేదు |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/alitho-saradaga-latest-promo-actress-yamuna/0201/122061001 |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=EENADU |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 269
|style="text-align:center;" | 269
|[[Ali Reza (actor)|Ali Reza]], [[Amit Tiwari]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4 April
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ali Reza: నన్ను ప్రొడ్యుసర్ కౌన్సిల్ బ్యాన్ చేసింది.. బిగ్ బాస్ అలీ రెజా తెరమరుగు కావడానికి రీజన్ ఇదే |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/alitho-saradaga-promo-bigg-boss-3-telugu-finalist-ali-reza-says-the-producer-council-banned-me/articleshow/90518182.cms |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 270
|style="text-align:center;" | 270
|[[Subhashri]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 11 April
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subhashri: పాఠశాలకు వెళ్లకుండా ఉండేందుకు సినిమాల్లోకి వచ్చా..శుభశ్రీ |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/alitho-saradaga/0201/122071948 |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=EENADU |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 271
|style="text-align:center;" | 271
|[[Radhika Sarathkumar]] (Part 1)
| style="text-align:center;" | 18 April
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Radhika: చిరంజీవిని చెంపదెబ్బ కొట్టానన్న రాధిక.. కానీ తరువాత జరిగింది ఇదీ.. ఆమెకూ చెంప పగిలింది |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/alitho-saradaga-promo-actress-radhika-sarathkumar-slapped-chiranjeevi-here-is-details/articleshow/90803867.cms |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 272
|style="text-align:center;" | 272
|[[Radhika Sarathkumar]] (Part 2)
| style="text-align:center;" | 25 April
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alitho Saradaga: ఆ విషయంలో చిరంజీవికి సారీ చెప్పా.. : రాధిక |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/alitho-saradaga-actress-radhika-sarathkumar/0201/122077044 |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=EENADU |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 273
|style="text-align:center;" | 273
|[[Suma Kanakala]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2 May
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ali tho Saradaga: 23 ఏళ్లుగా మా మధ్య ఎన్ని గొడవలో...కానీ: సుమ |url=https://www.eenadu.net/videos/playVideo/etv-alitho-saradaga-with-anchor-suma-latest-promo-02-05-2022/3/23954 |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=EENADU |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 274
|style="text-align:center;" | 274
|[[Ram Gopal Varma]], [[Naina Ganguly]], [[Anketa Maharana|Apsara Rani]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 May
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=vamshikrishna |date=2022-05-04 |title=RGV : నాలా బతకాలనుకుంటే ఆ మూడు వదిలేయాలి : రామ్ గోపాల్ వర్మ |url=http://www.tv5news.in/cinema/ram-gopal-varma-interview-with-alitho-saradaga-816130 |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=www.tv5news.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 275
|style="text-align:center;" | 275
|[[Adivi Sesh]], [[Saiee Manjrekar]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 16 May
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adivi Sesh: సన్నీ లియోనీ వల్ల నా పేరు మార్చుకున్నా: అడివి శేష్‌ |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/adivi-sesh-interview-with-ali-in-alitho-saradaga/0201/122094079 |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=EENADU |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 276
|style="text-align:center;" | 276
|[[Anil Ravipudi]], [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 23 May
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Alitho Saradaga Latest Promo {{!}} F3 Movie Team - Anil Ravipudi & Sunil {{!}} 23rd May 2022 {{!}} ETV Telugu |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3gPr_02vlIY |language=en |access-date=2022-05-17}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 277
|style="text-align:center;" | 277
|[[Tharun Bhascker]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 30 May
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijay Deverakonda: అందరం కలిసి చచ్చిపోదాం ఏముందిలే! రియల్ యాక్సిడెంట్ స్టోరీ రివీల్ చేసిన డైరెక్టర్ |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/director-tharun-bhascker-reveals-vijay-deverakonda-accident-story-slb-1311028.html |access-date=2022-05-31 |website=News18 Telugu |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 278
|style="text-align:center;" | 278
|[[Sumanth Ashwin]], [[M. S. Raju]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 6 June
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=MS Raju: ‘డర్టీ హరి’ అందుకే తీశా.. ఫైటర్‌పై భూమిక ఫైర్‌ అయింది: ఎంఎస్‌ రాజు |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/alitho-saradaga-latest-promo-sumanth-ashwin-m-s-raju/0210/122111243 |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 279
|style="text-align:center;" | 279
|[[Akash Puri]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 13 June
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akash Puri: పూరీ కొడుకు అనే పేరు పోగొట్టుకున్నాకే నాన్నతో సినిమా చేస్తా: ఆకాష్ పూరి |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/akash-puri-alitho-saradaga-episode-promo-highlights/articleshow/92124663.cms |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 280
|style="text-align:center;" | 280
|[[Kiran Abbavaram]], [[Chandini Chowdary]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 20 June
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kridinti |first=Ashok |date=2022-06-15 |title=ఇండస్ట్రీలో మసి చేస్తారు.. నిర్మాత బెదిరింపులపై హీరోయిన్ చాందిని చౌదరి ఓపెన్ కామెంట్స్ |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/actor-kiran-abbavaram-and-chandini-chowdary-with-alitho-saradaga-episode-latest-promo-highlights/articleshow/92208277.cms |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=[[Samayam Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 281
|style="text-align:center;" | 281
|[[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]], [[Maruthi]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 27 June
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alitho Saradaga: Gopichand recalls his first meeting with Prabhas; reveals he predicted the latter's success as a hero prior to 'Varsham' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/alitho-saradaga-gopichand-recalls-his-first-meeting-with-prabhas-reveals-he-predicted-the-latters-success-as-a-hero-prior-to-varsham/articleshow/92389802.cms |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 282
|style="text-align:center;" | 282
|[[Archana Shastry]], Jagadeesh
| style="text-align:center;" | 4 July
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-28 |title=Archana: మెచ్యూరిటీ లేక అలా చేశా.. రాజమౌళిని కాదని చాలా ఫీలవుతున్నా! అర్చన ఓపెన్ కామెంట్స్ |url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/heroine-archana-remembers-her-career-facts-in-alitho-saradaga-program-slb-1349958.html |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=[[News18 Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 283
|style="text-align:center;" | 283
|[[Regina Cassandra]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 11 July
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chilukuri |first=Arun |date=2022-07-09 |title=Regina Cassandra: అబ్బాయిలను కొట్టేశా.. నా ఫిజిక్‌ను చూసి డామినేటింగ్ అంటున్నారు.. |url=https://www.hmtvlive.com/movies/alitho-saradaga-interview-with-regina-cassandra-83845 |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=[[HMTV]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 284
|style="text-align:center;" | 284
|[[Venu Thottempudi]], [[Sarath Mandava]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 18 July
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-13 |title=Venu Thottempudi: సినిమా ఆడితేనే మేనల్లుడినని చెప్పుకొంటానన్నారు: వేణు |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/alitho-saradaga-latest-promo-venu-thottempudi/0210/122134280 |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 285
|style="text-align:center;" | 285
|[[Jonnavittula Ramalingeswara Rao]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 25 July
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-27 |title=Jonnavithula: 32మంది హీరోయిన్ల పేర్లతో పాట రాశా.. నాకు నచ్చిన నటి ఎవరంటే? |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/alitho-saradaga-funny-chat-show-with-lyricist-jonnavithula-ramalingeswara-rao/0206/122143103 |access-date=2022-07-28 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 286
|style="text-align:center;" | 286
|[[Suhas Pagolu|Suhas]], Sandeep Raj
| style="text-align:center;" | 1 August
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krindinti |first=Ashok |date=2022-07-30 |title=Colour Photo: సుహాస్‌ హీరో అంటే.. ఆ ప్రొడ్యూసర్ చీప్ లుక్ ఇచ్చారు: కలర్ ఫొటో డైరెక్టర్ |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/actor-suhas-and-director-sandeep-raj-shares-interesting-experience-about-colour-photo-movie-in-alitho-saradaga-promo/articleshow/93226245.cms |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=[[Samayam Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 287
|style="text-align:center;" | 287
|[[Nikhil Siddhartha]], [[Chandoo Mondeti]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 8 August
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-10 |title=Alitho Saradaga: ఆమె రాసిన ఉత్తరం కంటతడి పెట్టించింది : యువహీరో నిఖిల్‌ |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/alitho-saradaga-with-nikhil-and-chandu-mondeti-for-karthkeya-2/0206/122152326 |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 288
|style="text-align:center;" | 288
|[[Ashwini Dutt]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 15 August
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-14 |title=Did you know not Jr NTR but Prabhas was the first choice for SS Rajamouli's Student No.1? |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/did-you-know-not-jr-ntr-prabhas-was-first-choice-ss-rajamoulis-student-no1-1176580 |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 289
|style="text-align:center;" | 289
|[[P. V. Sindhu]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 22 August
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-21 |title=Star badminton player Sindhu says this actor is her good friend |url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/star-badminton-player-sindhu-says-this-actor-is-her-good-friend.html |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=[[Mallemala Entertainment|123Telugu]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 290
|style="text-align:center;" | 290
|[[Panja Vaisshnav Tej]], Gireesaaya
| style="text-align:center;" | 29 August
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-08-24 |title=ఆ సీన్ చేసేప్పుడు ఏడ్చేశా - అలీ షోలో వైష్ణవ్ తేజ్ కామెంట్స్! |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/vaishnav-tej-shared-interesting-topics-in-ali-s-show-48029 |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=[[ABP Desam]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 300
|style="text-align:center;" | 300
|[[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5 September
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-07 |title=Singeetam srinivasa rao: ప్రభాస్‌-నాగ్‌అశ్విన్‌ ‘ప్రాజెక్ట్‌-కె’లో నేను చేసింది అదే.. |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/alitho-saradaga-with-singeetam-srinivasa-rao/0206/122170115 |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 301
|style="text-align:center;" | 301
|[[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeetha]], [[Thiruveer]], Kavya
| style="text-align:center;" | 12 September
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chanti |first=Rajitha |date=2022-09-07 |title=Sangeetha: సరిలేరు నీకెవ్వరు సినిమాపై హీరోయిన్ సంగీత ఆసక్తికర వ్యాఖ్యలు.. ఇప్పటికీ ఆ డైరెక్టర్ను తిట్టుకుంటానంటూ.. |url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/tollywood/actress-saneetha-says-about-sarileru-nikevvaru-movie-details-masooda-team-in-alitho-saradaga-au55-778016.html |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=[[TV9 Telugu|TV9]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 302
|style="text-align:center;" | 302
|[[Muthyala Subbaiah]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 19 September
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-22 |title=Muthyala subbaiah: ఓ నిర్మాత అపహాస్యం చేశాడు.. అందుకే సినిమాలు మానేశా: ముత్యాల సుబ్బయ్య |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/alitho-saradaga-with-muthyala-subbaiah/0206/122179718 |access-date=2022-10-15 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 303
|style="text-align:center;" | 303
|[[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 26 September
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krindinti |first=Ashok |date=2022-10-21 |title=Actress Geetha: కృష్ణంరాజు వల్లే ఇండస్ట్రీకి వచ్చా.. ఆయన లేకపోవడం బాధగా ఉంది: సీనియర్ నటి గీత కన్నీటి పర్యంతం |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/actress-geetha-shares-experience-about-her-film-career-in-alitho-saradaga-show-promo/articleshow/94348187.cms |access-date=2022-10-15 |website=[[Samayam Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 304
|style="text-align:center;" | 304
|[[Sonal Chauhan]], [[Praveen Sattaru]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3 October
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 305
|style="text-align:center;" | 305
|[[Allu Aravind]] (Part 1)
| style="text-align:center;" | 10 October
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-15 |title=Alitho Saradaga: Allu Arjun's father-producer Allu Aravind opens up about his granddaughter Arha; here's what he has to say |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/alitho-saradaga-allu-arjuns-father-producer-allu-aravind-opens-up-about-his-granddaughter-arha-heres-what-he-has-to-say/articleshow/94705366.cms |access-date=2022-10-15 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 306
|style="text-align:center;" | 306
|[[Allu Aravind]] (Part 2)
| style="text-align:center;" | 17 October
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-10-05 |title=చిరంజీవి ఫ్యామిలీతో కాంట్రవర్సీ - ఆలీకి అల్లు అరవింద్ క్లాస్? |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/allu-arjun-father-allu-aravind-reacts-on-controversy-with-chiranjeevi-family-in-alitho-saradaga-talk-show-55330 |access-date=2022-10-15 |website=[[ABP Desam]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 307
|style="text-align:center;" | 307
|[[Prema (Kannada actress)|Prema]], [[Narasimha Raju (Telugu actor)|Narasimha Raju]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 24 October
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alitho Saradaga: ఆ సినిమా దర్శకుడు నన్ను తిట్టారు: ప్రేమ |url=https://www.eenadu.net/videos/playVideo/alitho-saradaga-with-prema-and-narasimha-raju/3/30525 |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 308
|style="text-align:center;" | 308
|[[Santosh Sobhan]], Faria Abdullah
| style="text-align:center;" | 31 October
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-10-26 |title=అవన్నీ ఇప్పుడు చూస్తారేమో అని భయంగా ఉంది: 'ఆలీతో సరదాగా'లో సంతోష్ శోభన్ |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/like-share-subscribe-movie-team-santosh-shobhan-faria-abdullah-in-alitho-saradaga-show-59070 |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=[[ABP Desam]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 309
|style="text-align:center;" | 309
|[[Allu Sirish]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 7 November
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-01 |title=Alitho Saradaga: బన్నీ తన సీక్రెట్స్‌ అన్నీ నాకు మాత్రమే చెప్పేది అందుకే : అల్లు శిరీష్‌ |url=https://www.eenadu.net/videos/playVideo/actor-allu-sirish-in-alitho-saradaga/3/30990 |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 310
|style="text-align:center;" | 310
|[[Tulasi (actress)|Tulasi]], [[Prabhas Sreenu]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 14 November
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-11-09 |title=ఆలీ కంత్రి, ఆ సినిమా షూటింగ్‌లో నాకు సైటు కొట్టేవాడు - నటి తులసి |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/tulasi-actress-prabhas-sreenu-hilarious-fun-with-actor-ali-in-alitho-saradaga-show-61523 |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=[[ABP Desam]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 311
|style="text-align:center;" | 311
|[[Vakkantham Vamsi]], Srividya
| style="text-align:center;" | 21 November
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-16 |title=Vakkantham Vamsi: ‘నా పేరు సూర్య’.. తారక్‌తో చేయాల్సిన చిత్రం : వక్కంతం వంశీ |url=https://www.eenadu.net/videos/playVideo/alitho-saradaga-latest-promo/3/31536 |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 312
|style="text-align:center;" | 312
|[[Mani Sharma]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 28 November
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Mani |date=2022-11-23 |title='చూడాలని వుంది'లో చిరంజీవికి నచ్చకపోయినా ఆ పని చేశా: మణిశర్మ |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/tollywood-music-composer-mani-sharma-in-ali-s-alitho-saradaga-show-64052 |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=[[ABP Desam]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 313
|style="text-align:center;" | 313
|[[L. Vijayalakshmi]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5 December
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-07 |title=Vijayalakshmi నిద్రలోనూ అవే శబ్దాలు వినిపించేవి..: ఎల్‌.విజయలక్ష్మి |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/alitho-saradaga-with-old-actress-vijayalakshmi/0206/122228419 |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 314
|style="text-align:center;" | 314
|[[Rahul Sipligunj]], [[Syed Sohel]]
|style="text-align:center;" | 12 December
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=Sumantv |date=2022-12-11 |title=ఆ కారణంగానే డిప్రెషన్ లోకి వెళ్ళిపోయా: బిగ్ బాస్ సోహెల్ |url=https://sumantv.com/telugu-news/movies/tv-shows/bigg-boss-fame-syed-sohel-talks-about-his-life-struggles-265109.html |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=sumantv.com |language=te-IN}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 315
|style="text-align:center;" | 315
|[[Ali (actor)|Ali]]{{Efn|Host [[Suma Kanakala]] hosted this episode as a part of the finale. The main presenter, [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] was interviewed.}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 19 December
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-20 |title=Ali talks about his differences with Pawan Kalyan |url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/ali-talks-about-his-differences-with-pawan-kalyan.html |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=[[123telugu.com|123Telugu]] |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Season 2 (2024) ==

=== 2024 ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!No. overall
!No. in season
!Guest(s)
!Date of Broadcast
!Ref.
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | 316
|style="text-align:center;" | 1
|[[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]], [[A. Harsha]]
|style="text-align:center;" | 5 March
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Banda |first=Kalyan |date=3 March 2024 |title=గోపీచంద్ మనసు ఎంత మంచిదో.. రియల్ హీరో అంటే ఇతడే |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/gopichand-bheema-promotions-alitho-saradaga-episode-promo/articleshow/108177363.cms |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=[[Samayam Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | 317
|style="text-align:center;" | 2
|[[Sivaji (Telugu actor)|Sivaji]]
|style="text-align:center;" | 12 March
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reddy |first=Divya |date=2024-03-08 |title=అందుకే మళ్లీ రీ-ఎంట్రీ ఇవ్వాల్సి వచ్చింది - ‘ఆలీతో సరదాగా’లో ఆసక్తికర విషయాలు చెప్పిన శివాజీ |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/tv/sivaji-comes-as-guest-for-alitho-saradaga-and-episode-promo-is-out-now-149693 |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=[[ABP Desam]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |318
|style="text-align:center;" |3
|[[Pullela Gopichand]], [[V. Chamundeswaranath]]
|style="text-align:center;" |19 March
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alitho Saradaga: ఇప్పటి వరకు ఇచ్చిన కార్లు 24: చాముండేశ్వరీనాథ్‌ |url=https://www.eenadu.net/videos/playVideo/alitho-saradaga-season-2-latest-promo/3/50647 |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |319
|style="text-align:center;" |4
|[[Radha (actress)|Radha]]
|style="text-align:center;" |26 March
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chittimalla |first=Anjibabu |date=2024-03-20 |title=ఆ సినిమా చేసి బాధపడ్డా - బాలయ్య ముందు ఏ సూపర్ మ్యాన్ పనికిరాడు: సీనియర్ నటి రాధ |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/alitho-saradaga-s-2-latets-promo-with-veteran-actress-radha-151982 |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=[[ABP Desam]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |320
| style="text-align:center;" |5
|[[Murali Mohan]], Maganti Roopa
| style="text-align:center;" |2 April
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Murali mohan: ఆ దిగ్గజ నటుడు నాకు ఆరాధ్య దైవంతో సమానం: మురళీ మోహన్‌ |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/special-chitchat-with-murali-mohan-and-rupa-in-alitho-sardaga/0206/124064677 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |321
| style="text-align:center;" |6
|[[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]], [[Kona Venkat]]
| style="text-align:center;" |16 April
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chittimalla |first=Anjibabu |date=3 April 2024 |title=అగ్ర నిర్మాతను చేసుకోబోతున్న అంజలి? ఆలీ అంత సేఫ్ కాదా? కోపాన్ని కంట్రోల్ చేసుకున్న బాలయ్య? |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/tv/alitho-saradaga-latest-promo-actress-anjali-and-kona-venkat-154521 |access-date=2 May 2024 |work=[[ABP Desam]]}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |322
| style="text-align:center;" |7
|[[Venu Yeldandi]], [[Dhanraj (actor)|Dhanraj]]
| style="text-align:center;" |23 April
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |323
| style="text-align:center;" |8
| [[Kovai Sarala]]
| style="text-align:center;" |7 May
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |324
| style="text-align:center;" |9
| [[Kajal Aggarwal]]
| style="text-align:center;" |14 May
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |325
| style="text-align:center;" |10
| [[Laya (actress)|Laya]]
| style="text-align:center;" |21 May
|
|}

== Home media ==
The show is primarily broadcast on [[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]] every Tuesday. It is also available on <nowiki>''etvteluguindia''</nowiki> [[YouTube]] channel. The show is available on [[ETV Win]], a mobile app launched by [[ETV Network]] where all of its content is available.

== Notes ==
<references group="lower-alpha" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|name=Alitho Saradaga|id=12363280}}

[[Category:Indian television talk shows]]
[[Category:2016 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Telugu-language television shows]]
[[Category:ETV Telugu original programming]]
[[Category:2017 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:2018 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:2019 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series endings]]

Aastha Chaudhary

2026-02-23T08:15:00Z

JaimieCarrigan: adjust lead for accuracy and updated info for clarity

{{short description|Indian television actress|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aastha Chaudhary
| image = Aastha Chaudhary in Festive yellow.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = 20 July 1992
| birth_place = [[Alwar]], [[Rajasthan]]
| alma_mater = Jaipur Engineering College
| occupation = Actress
| height = 5'2"
}}
'''Aastha Chaudhary''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] television actress known for television drama serials, she started her acting career in 2007 with a zee TV serial [[Saat Phere: Saloni Ka Safar]] and got much popularity with [[Babul Ka Aangann Chootey Na]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=Here's what Aastha Chaudhary has to say about her link-up with Sidharth Shukla 13 years ago |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/heres-what-aastha-chaudhary-has-to-say-about-her-link-up-with-sidharth-shukla-13-years-ago/articleshow/80481742.cms |access-date=2021-03-03 |website=The Times of India |date=27 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref> [[Uttaran]], [[Aise Karo Naa Vidaa]], [[Kesari Nandan]]. In 2025 Aastha became team owner of team Flying Warriors in Indian Pro Badminton League<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yuva Badminton League unveils teams official jersey, trophy for inaugural season |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/yuva-badminton-league-unveils-teams-official-jersey-trophy-for-inaugural-season/amp |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>. Also she played Pavitra in [https://www.bombaytimes.com/entertainment/tv/rimjhim-serial-cast-name-with-photo-yashika-sharma-himanshu-n-awasthi-and-others-from-rimjhim-choti-umar-bada-safar-show/1770265946756 Rimjhim] in 2025.

Aastha's recent work was as main lead is web series Assi nabbe Poore Sau<ref>{{Cite web |title=TV actress Aastha Chaudhary gets married to Aditya Banerjee. See wedding pics |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/tv-actress-aastha-chaudhary-gets-married-to-aditya-banerjee-see-wedding-pics-1942973-2022-04-28 |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=India Today |date=28 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Aastha Chaudhary born on 20 July in [[Alwar, Rajasthan]]. She did her schooling from Alwar and then completed her engineering from Jaipur Engineering College.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-05-07 |title=Aastha Chaudhary shares memories of Rajasthan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/aastha-chaudhary-shares-memories-of-rajasthan/articleshow/8177107.cms |access-date=2025-11-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She always had a dream to be an army officer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-11-11 |title=I wanted to become an army officer: Aastha Chaudhary |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/291496/i-wanted-become-army-officer.html |access-date=2020-11-06 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== Web series ==
Aastha played main lead "[[Rukhsana]]" in Ullu{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}} originals web series "Assi Nabbe Poore Sau"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raqesh Bapat on digital debut: Character is so dark it made me think twice |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=812319 |access-date=2021-03-18 |website=daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Television==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Year
!
! Show
! Role
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2007
|
| ''[[Saat Phere: Saloni Ka Safar]]''
| Urmila Singh
|-
|
| ''[[Rakhi (TV series)|Rakhi]]''
| Gunjan
|-
| 2008–2009
|
| ''[[Babul Ka Aangann Chootey Na]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/on-bigg-boss-sidharth-must-control-temper-aastha-chaudhary/1642736 |title=On ''Bigg Boss'', Sidharth must control temper: Aastha Chaudhary |date=2019-12-17 |website=Outlook India |language=en |access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref>
| Aastha Shubh Ranawat / Payal Swayam Ranawat
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2009
|
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Ssshhhh...Koi Hai|Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai]]''
| Episode 180 & Episode 181
|-
|
| Uttara Virat Saniyal (Episode 196 - Episode 201)
|-
| 2010
|
| ''[[Aise Karo Naa Vidaa]]''
| Reva{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011
|
| ''[[C.I.D. (Indian TV series)|C.I.D.]]''
| Esha (Episode 713)
|-
|
| ''[[Uttaran]]''
| Madhura
|-
| rowspan="4" |2012
|
| ''[[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein]]''
| Episode 20
|-
|
| ''[[Adaalat (TV series)]]''
| Episode 166 & Episode 167
|-
|
| ''[[Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera]]''
| Amrita Sampooran Singh
|-
|
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Savdhaan India]]''{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}
| Geeta Joshi (Episode 2)
|-
| 2013
|
| Priya Ajay Sharma (Episode 169)
|-
| 2013–2014
|
| ''[[Rishton Ke Bhanwar Mein Uljhi Niyati]]''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Aastha Chaudhary bags Niyati! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Aastha-Chaudhary-bags-Niyati/articleshow/18713517.cms |access-date=2020-11-06 |website=The Times of India |date=27 February 2013 |language=en}}</ref>
| IPS Officer Niyati Shastri / IPS Officer Niyati Ishwar Sharma
|-
| 2019
|
| ''[[Kesari Nandan]]''{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}
| Madhavi Hanumant Singh
|-
| rowspan="2"|2024
|
| ''[[Mera Balam Thanedaar]]''
| Geeta Rajawat
|-
|
| ''Mehndi Wala Ghar''
| Manisha Agarwal Chaudhary
|}

===Music video===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! singers
!Notes
|-
| 2020 || ''Pihariye''|| Rapperiya Baalam, Sheetal Bansal
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110721195737/http://www.indya.com/gallery/indyagallery.aspx?p=Aastha-Choudhary-is-back&aid=1424 Aastha Choudhary is back! - Indya.com (Star Television Network Official Website)]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhary, Aastha}}
[[Category:People from Alwar district]]
[[Category:Rajasthani people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Hoshiarpur district

2026-02-19T17:56:40Z

JaimieCarrigan: quick update intro for accuracy additionally and fixed typos

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hoshiarpur district
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Punjab, India|District]]
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Bajwara Fort
| nickname =
| image_skyline = Bajwara Fort Hoshiarpur.jpg
| image_map = Hoshiarpur in Punjab (India).svg
| image_map1 =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Punjab
| coordinates = {{coord|31|35|N|75|59|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of Punjab (India) on a white background (1).png}} [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Doaba]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Hoshiarpur]]
<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nripunjab.gov.in/hoshiarpur-district-administration.htm |title=District Administration |access-date=2015-02-16 |archive-date=4 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204180929/http://nripunjab.gov.in/hoshiarpur-district-administration.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| leader_title1 = MP
| leader_name1 = Raj Kumar Chabbewal(AAP)
| leader_title2 = MLA
| leader_name2 = Pandit Bharma Shankar Jimpa(AAP)(Hoshiarpur City)
| leader_title3 = Mayor
| leader_name3 = Surinder Shinda (AAP)
| leader_title4 = Deputy commissioner
| leader_name4 = Komal Mittal
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3,365
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1,586,625
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_blank2_title = Sex Ration
| population_blank2 = 961
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = {{cref|‡}}
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 85.40%
| website = {{URL|http://hoshiarpur.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Hoshiarpur district''' is a district of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state in northern [[India]]. Hoshiarpur, one of the oldest districts of Punjab, is located in the North-east part of the Punjab state and shares common boundaries with [[Gurdaspur district]] in the north-west, [[Jalandhar district]] and [[Kapurthala district]] in south-west, [[Kangra district]] and [[Una district]] of Himachal Pradesh in the north-east. Hoshiarpur district comprises 4 sub-divisions, 10 community development blocks, 9 urban local bodies and 1417 villages. The district has an area of 3365 km2. and a population of 1,586,625 persons as per census 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/591-hoshiarpur.html|title=Hoshiarpur District Population Census 2011-2021, Punjab literacy sex ratio and density|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

Hoshiarpur, along with the districts of Nawanshehar, Kapurthala and parts of Jalandhar, represents one of the cultural regions of Punjab called Doaba or the Bist Doab - the tract of land between two rivers, namely Beas and Sutlej. The area, along with the Shivalik foothills on the right side of Chandigarh-Pathankot road in Hoshiarpur, is sub mountainous. This part of the district is also known as Kandi area. The two rivers, Sutlej and Beas along with two other seasonal streams, provide drainage to the region. Besides these, the Kandi region is full of seasonal streams.

Hoshiarpur district falls into two nearly equal portions of hill and plain country. Its eastern face consists of the westward slope of the [[Solah Singhi Dhar|Solar Singhi Hills]]; parallel with that ridge, a line of lower heights belonging to the [[Sivalik Hills|Siwalik Range]] traverses the district from south to north, while between the two chains stretches a valley of uneven width, known as the [[Jaswan|Jaswan Dun]]. Its upper portion is crossed by the [[Sohan]] torrent, while the [[Sutlej]] sweeps into its lower end through a break in the hills, and flows in a southerly direction until it turns the flank of the central range, and [[debouches]] westwards upon the plains. This western plain consists of alluvial formation, with a general westerly slope owing to the deposit of silt from the mountain torrents in the sub-montane tract. The [[Beas River|Beas]] has a fringe of lowland, open to moderate but not excessive inundations, and considered very fertile. A considerable area is covered by government woodlands, under the care of the forest department. Rice is largely grown, in the marshy flats along the banks of the Beas. The district, owing to its proximity to the hills, possesses a comparatively cool and humid climate. Cotton fabrics are manufactured, and sugar, rice, other grains and indigo are among the exports.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911 |wstitle=Hoshiarpur |volume=13 |pages=787–788 |inline=1}}</ref>

Hoshiarpur is also known as a City of Saints. There are many [[Dera (organization)|dera]]s in this district. Several religious fairs are held, at [[Anandpur Sahib]], [[Dasuya]], [[Mukerian]] and [[Chintpurni]], all of which attract an enormous concourse of people.<ref name=EB1911/>

The District Govt. College was once a campus for Punjab University, and it was predominantly inhabited by Gujjar and Saini, Dogras of Jammu-Punjab Region during the reign of the [[Sikh Empire]].

== History ==
The area of present Hoshiarpur District was also part of Indus Valley Civilization. Recent excavations at various sites in the district have revealed that the entire area near the Shivalik foothills was selected for habitation not only by the early Paleolithic man but also by those in the protohistoric and historic periods. The legends associate several places in the district with Pandavas. Dasuya is mentioned in epic of Mahabharata as the seat of Raja Virata in whose services the Pandavas remained for thirteen years during their exile. Bham, about 11 km west of Mahilpur, is said to be the place where the Pandavas passed their exile. Lasara, about 19 km north of Jaijon, also contains a stone temple stated to date back to the time of Pandavas. According to the Chinese pilgrim, Hieun Tsang, the area of Hoshiarpur was dominated by a tribe of Chandrabansi Rajputs, who maintained an independent existence for centuries before the Muhammadan conquest.

The country around Hoshiarpur formed part of the old kingdom of [[Katoch]] in [[Jalandhar]]. The state was eventually broken up, and the present district was divided between the, rajas of [[Datarpur]] and [[Jaswan]]. They retained undisturbed possession of their territories until 1759, when the rising [[Sikh]] chieftains commenced a series of encroachments upon the hill tracts. In 1815 Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]], forced the ruler of Jaswan to resign his territories in exchange for an estate on feudal tenure; three years later the raja of Datarpur met with similar treatment. By the close of the year 1818 the whole country from the Sutlej to the Beas had come under the government of [[Lahore]], and after the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]] in 1846 passed to the [[British Empire|British]] government.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Banerjee |first1=Abhijit |url=https://eml.berkeley.edu/~webfac/bardhan/e271_sp03/2_18.pdf |title=History, Institutions and Economic Performance: The Legacy of Colonial Land Tenure Systems in India (BREAD Working Paper No. 003) |last2=Iyer |first2=Lakshmi |date=January 2003 |publisher=Bureau for Research in Economic Analysis of Development |pages=39 |chapter=Appendix Table 1: Districts of British India, With Dates and Mode of Acquisition by the British}}</ref> The deposed rajas of Datarpur and Jaswan received cash pensions from the new rulers, but expressed bitter disappointment at not being restored to their former sovereign position. Accordingly, the outbreak of the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]], in 1848 found the disaffected chieftains ready for rebellion. They organized a revolt, but the two rajas and the other ringleaders were captured, and their estates confiscated.<ref name=EB1911/> Under British administration, Hoshiarpur district was part of the Jullundur Division and was subdivided into four tehsils: Hoshiarpur, Dasuya, Una, and Garhshankar.

Hoshiarpur is an ancient centre of Hindu epics and culture itself. In Bajwara (4 km east on Una Road from the present city) ruins of an ancient culture can still be found. Mythologically, Teh Dasuya of this district is estimated to be King Virat's kingdom where Pandavas spent their one-year exile.
[[File:Gurdwara Sri Garna Sahib Bodal, District Hoshiarpur.jpg|thumb|Gurdwara Sri Garna Sahib Bodal, District Hoshiarpur.]]

=== Bhrigu Samhita ===
Hoshiarpur is also popular for old astrological facts where it is said to be that old documents where past, present and future birth of every person is written in detail, are safely kept at this place. Many people visit [[Hoshiarpur]] to find out about their past, present and future in every birth they have or had taken in the past.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/5-000-year-old-astrological-tradition-thrives-in-punjab-feature-with-image-115040300279_1.html|title=5,000-year-old astrological tradition thrives in Punjab (Feature, With Image)|newspaper=Business Standard India |date=3 April 2015|via=Business Standard}}</ref>

===Significant cities===
Among the numerous ancient cultural centers in Hoshiarpur was town Jaijon. Said to be Founded by ''Jaijjat rishi'' around 11th century at the Shivalik foothills, Jaijon was a flourishing trade centre. It was also known as a centre for oriental studies. Noted scholars and exponents of Sanskrit, Astrology, Ayurveda and music visited this place for meeting. Music composers Pandit Husan Lal and Bhagat Ram and noted Pakistani poet Tufail Hoshiarpuri belonged to the same place. [[Jaijon]] also have a small old railway station from the British era.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/jalandhar/jaijon-gets-rail-connectivity-to-amritsar-715642|title=Jaijon gets rail connectivity to Amritsar|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref>

Ayurveda scholar Pandit Govind Ram Vatsyayan and Sanskrit laureate Acharya Vishwanath belonged to Jaijon.

[[Mahilpur]] Town Founded by Chaudhary Mahlo Bains<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-22 |title=ਮਾਹਿਲਪੁਰ ਪਿੰਡ {{!}} Mahilpur Village - ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦੇ ਪਿੰਡਾਂ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ |url=https://punjabvillagehistory.com/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1-mahilpur-village/#more-1311 |access-date=2024-10-27 |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Garhdiwala]] Founded by Chaudhary Garhia Sahota

Garhshankar Founded by Bhanots

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=650662|13=1911|14=603685|15=1921|16=609650|17=1931|18=678526|19=1941|20=769884|21=1951|22=712440|23=1961|24=782483|25=1971|26=948505|27=1981|28=1116326|29=1991|30=1299261|31=2001|32=1481292|33=2011|34=1586625|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>|align=right}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Hoshiarpur district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,586,625,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web |year=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Hoshiarpur |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/996/download/2998/DH_2011_0304_PART_A_DCHB_HOSHIARPUR.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Gabon]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Gabon 1,576,665
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Idaho]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Idaho 1,567,582
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=19 October 2013
|df=dmy-all
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 310th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/>
The district has a population density of {{convert|683|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 17.95%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Hoshiarpur has a [[sex ratio]] of 961 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 85.40%. Scheduled Castes made up 35.14% of the population.<ref name=districtcensus/>

The Hoshiarpur district has one of the highest [[Scheduled Caste]] population (34%) population in Punjab. The [[Hoshiarpur]]-I and [[Hoshiarpur]]-II have 48 percent Scheduled Castes population. In [[Mahilpur]] block the proportion of Scheduled Castes population is 44 percent and in Bhunga block it is 41 percent while in the remaining blocks the proportion of Scheduled Castes population is less than 40 percent.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://socialjustice.nic.in/blocksc50.php?format=print |title=State-wise, District-wise List of Blocks with >40% but less than 50% SC population |access-date=12 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723091635/http://socialjustice.nic.in/blocksc50.php?format=print |archive-date=23 July 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/sage/jat-sikhs-a-question-of-identity-tHD3K19QPM |title=Jat Sikhs: A Question of Identity |access-date=12 July 2012}}</ref>

===Gender===
The table below shows the sex ratio of Hoshiarpur district through decades.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Sex ratio of Hoshiarpur district<ref>{{cite web |title=District-wise Decadal Sex ratio in Punjab |url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/catalog/district-wise-decadal-sex-ratio-punjab |website=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India |date=21 January 2022 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref>
!Census year!!Ratio
|-
|2011||961
|-
|2001||935
|-
|1991||924
|-
|1981||919
|-
|1971||899
|-
|1961||902
|-
|1951||877
|-
|1941||879
|-
|1931||867
|-
|1921||856
|-
|1911||828
|-
|1901||878
|}

The table below shows the child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in the rural and urban areas of Hoshiarpur district.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in Hoshiarpur district<ref>{{cite web |title=District-wise Rural and Urban Child Population (0-6 years) and their sex ratio in Punjab |url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/catalog/district-wise-rural-and-urban-child-population-0-6-years-and-their-sex-ratio-punjab |website=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India |date=21 January 2022 |access-date=21 November 2023}}</ref>
!Year!!Urban!!Rural
|-
|2011||863||865
|-
|2001||800||815
|}

=== Religion ===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Hoshiarpur district (2011)<ref name="Religion2011"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Punjabi Hindus|Hinduism]]|darkorange|63.07}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism in India|Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|33.92}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Punjab, India|Islam]]|green|1.46}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Punjab, India|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.94}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.61}}
}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Religion in tehsils of Hoshiarpur district (2011)<ref name="Religion2011" />
!Tehsil
!Hinduism (%)
!Sikhism (%)
!Islam (%)
!Christianity (%)
!Others (%)
|-
|Dasua
| align="right" |43.19
| align="right" style="background:darkkhaki" |53.79
| align="right" |1.49
| align="right" |1.11
|0.42
|-
|Mukerian
| align="right" style="background:darkorange" |78.96
| align="right" |17.18
| align="right" |1.48
| align="right" |2.04
|0.34
|-
|Hoshiarpur
| align="right" style="background:darkorange" |66.23
| align="right" |31.07
| align="right" |1.38
| align="right" |0.54
|0.78
|-
|Garhshankar
| align="right" style="background:darkorange" |63.31
| align="right" |34.05
| align="right" |1.51
| align="right" |0.33
|0.80
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in Hoshiarpur District
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]] group
! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="Religion2011">{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11389/download/14502/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Punjab|date = 2011 |publisher = [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
| 1,000,743
| {{Percentage | 1000743 | 1586625 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 538,208
| {{Percentage | 538208 | 1586625 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 23,089
| {{Percentage | 23089 | 1586625 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 14,968
| {{Percentage | 14968 | 1586625 | 2 }}
|-
| Others
| 9,617
| {{Percentage | 9617 | 1586625 | 2 }}
|-
!Total Population
!1,586,625
!{{Percentage | 1586625 | 1586625 | 2 }}
|}

The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Hoshiarpur district.

{|class="wikitable sort"
|+Absolute numbers of different religious groups in Hoshiarpur district<ref>{{cite web | url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/catalog/district-wise-population-religion-punjab | title=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India | date=21 January 2022 }}</ref>
!Religion!!Urban (2011)!!Rural (2011)!!Urban (2001)!!Rural (2001)!!Urban (1991)!!Rural (1991)
|-
|Hindu||2,52,667 ||7,48,076 ||2,15,934||6,55,989||1,35,337||6,03,892
|-
|Sikh||74,051 ||4,64,157 ||69,954||5,04,908||41,240||4,45,807
|-
|Muslim||2,828||20,261||2,081||13,313|| 352||6,090
|-
|Christian||2,133 ||12,835 ||1,561||11,165||625||8,081
|-
|Other religions||3,290||6,327||2,544||3,287||2,066||317
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religious groups in Hoshiarpur District ([[British Punjab province]] era)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]] group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881A">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057656 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057656 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I. |year=1881 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057657 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057657 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II. |year=1881 |pages=14 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881C">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057658 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057658 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III. |year=1881 |pages=14 }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1891<ref name="Census1891">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318669 |jstor=saoa.crl.25318669 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=The Punjab and its feudatories, part II--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory |year=1891 |pages=14 |last1=Edward Maclagan |first1=Sir |volume=2 }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739 |jstor=saoa.crl.25363739 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province. |year=1901 |pages=34}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393788 |jstor=saoa.crl.25393788 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1911 |pages=27}}</ref><ref name="Census1911B">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62718 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II |year=1911 |pages=27 |author=Kaul, Harikishan}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430165 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921 |pages=29}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793242 |jstor=saoa.crl.25793242 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1931 |pages=277}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215541 |jstor=saoa.crl.28215541 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab |year=1941 |pages=42 |author1=India Census Commissioner |volume=6 }}</ref>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1931-1941: Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}}
| 550,185
| {{Percentage | 550185 | 901381 | 2 }}
| 610,996
| {{Percentage | 610996 | 1011659 | 2 }}
| 603,710
| {{Percentage | 603710 | 989782 | 2 }}
| 498,642
| {{Percentage | 498642 | 918569 | 2 }}
| 500,339
| {{Percentage | 500339 | 927419 | 2 }}
| 526,182
| {{Percentage | 526182 | 1032187 | 2 }}
| 584,080
| {{Percentage | 584080 | 1170323 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 290,193
| {{Percentage | 290193 | 901381 | 2 }}
| 328,668
| {{Percentage | 328668 | 1011659 | 2 }}
| 312,958
| {{Percentage | 312958 | 989782 | 2 }}
| 281,805
| {{Percentage | 281805 | 918569 | 2 }}
| 289,298
| {{Percentage | 289298 | 927419 | 2 }}
| 328,078
| {{Percentage | 328078 | 1032187 | 2 }}
| 380,759
| {{Percentage | 380759 | 1170323 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 59,784
| {{Percentage | 59784 | 901381 | 2 }}
| 70,709
| {{Percentage | 70709 | 1011659 | 2 }}
| 71,126
| {{Percentage | 71126 | 989782 | 2 }}
| 134,146
| {{Percentage | 134146 | 918569 | 2 }}
| 132,958
| {{Percentage | 132958 | 927419 | 2 }}
| 173,147
| {{Percentage | 173147 | 1032187 | 2 }}
| 198,194
| {{Percentage | 198194 | 1170323 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 1,119
| {{Percentage | 1119 | 901381 | 2 }}
| 1,165
| {{Percentage | 1165 | 1011659 | 2 }}
| 1,173
| {{Percentage | 1173 | 989782 | 2 }}
| 998
| {{Percentage | 998 | 918569 | 2 }}
| 1,079
| {{Percentage | 1079 | 927419 | 2 }}
| 1,016
| {{Percentage | 1016 | 1032187 | 2 }}
| 1,125
| {{Percentage | 1125 | 1170323 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 98
| {{Percentage | 98 | 901381 | 2 }}
| 120
| {{Percentage | 120 | 1011659 | 2 }}
| 813
| {{Percentage | 813 | 989782 | 2 }}
| 2,978
| {{Percentage | 2978 | 918569 | 2 }}
| 3,745
| {{Percentage | 3745 | 927419 | 2 }}
| 3,764
| {{Percentage | 3764 | 1032187 | 2 }}
| 6,165
| {{Percentage | 6165 | 1170323 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 901381 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1011659 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 989782 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 918569 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 927419 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1032187 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1170323 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 901381 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1011659 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 989782 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 918569 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 927419 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1032187 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1170323 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1011659 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 989782 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 918569 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 927419 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1032187 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1170323 | 2 }}
|-
! Others
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 901381 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 1011659 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 989782 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 918569 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 927419 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1032187 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1170323 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population
! 901,381
! {{Percentage | 901381 | 901381 | 2 }}
! 1,011,659
! {{Percentage | 1011659 | 1011659 | 2 }}
! 989,782
! {{Percentage | 989782 | 989782 | 2 }}
! 918,569
! {{Percentage | 918569 | 918569 | 2 }}
! 927,419
! {{Percentage | 927419 | 927419 | 2 }}
! 1,032,187
! {{Percentage | 1032187 | 1032187 | 2 }}
! 1,170,323
! {{Percentage | 1170323 | 1170323 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note: [[British Punjab province]] era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province region]] during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the [[Tehsil]]s of Hoshiarpur District (1921)<ref name="Census1921"/>
! rowspan="2" |[[Tehsil]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=othersC|Including [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Tribal religions in India|Tribals]], others, or not stated}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! Hoshiarpur Tehsil
| 95,280
| {{Percentage | 95280 | 247196 | 2 }}
| 106,724
| {{Percentage | 106724 | 247196 | 2 }}
| 43,567
| {{Percentage | 43567 | 247196 | 2 }}
| 1,075
| {{Percentage | 1075 | 247196 | 2 }}
| 550
| {{Percentage | 550 | 247196 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 247196 | 2 }}
! 247,196
! {{Percentage | 247196 | 247196 | 2 }}
|-
! Dasuya Tehsil
| 86,938
| {{Percentage | 86938 | 215600 | 2 }}
| 100,825
| {{Percentage | 100825 | 215600 | 2 }}
| 25,195
| {{Percentage | 25195 | 215600 | 2 }}
| 2,392
| {{Percentage | 2392 | 215600 | 2 }}
| 250
| {{Percentage | 250 | 215600 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 215600 | 2 }}
! 215,600
! {{Percentage | 215600 | 215600 | 2 }}
|-
! Garh Shankar Tehsil
| 133,877
| {{Percentage | 133877 | 232772 | 2 }}
| 52,832
| {{Percentage | 52832 | 232772 | 2 }}
| 45,554
| {{Percentage | 45554 | 232772 | 2 }}
| 234
| {{Percentage | 234 | 232772 | 2 }}
| 275
| {{Percentage | 275 | 232772 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 232772 | 2 }}
! 232,772
! {{Percentage | 232772 | 232772 | 2 }}
|-
! Una Tehsil
| 184,244
| {{Percentage | 184244 | 231851 | 2 }}
| 28,917
| {{Percentage | 28917 | 231851 | 2 }}
| 18,642
| {{Percentage | 18642 | 231851 | 2 }}
| 44
| {{Percentage | 44 | 231851 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 231851 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 231851 | 2 }}
! 231,851
! {{Percentage | 231851 | 231851 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note: [[British Punjab province]] era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province region]] during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the [[Tehsil]]s of Hoshiarpur District (1941)<ref name="Census1941"/>
! rowspan="2" |[[Tehsil]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=othersB|Including [[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indian Christians]], [[British Christianity|British Christians]], [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Tribal religions in India|Tribals]], others, or not stated}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! Hoshiarpur Tehsil
| 113,680
| {{Percentage | 113680 | 323740 | 2 }}
| 145,985
| {{Percentage | 145985 | 323740 | 2 }}
| 62,517
| {{Percentage | 62517 | 323740 | 2 }}
| 953
| {{Percentage | 953 | 323740 | 2 }}
| 510
| {{Percentage | 510 | 323740 | 2 }}
| 95
| {{Percentage | 95 | 323740 | 2 }}
! 323,740
! {{Percentage | 323740 | 323740 | 2 }}
|-
! Dasuya Tehsil
| 95,572
| {{Percentage | 95572 | 273246 | 2 }}
| 132,105
| {{Percentage | 132105 | 273246 | 2 }}
| 40,509
| {{Percentage | 40509 | 273246 | 2 }}
| 4,729
| {{Percentage | 4729 | 273246 | 2 }}
| 328
| {{Percentage | 328 | 273246 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 273246 | 2 }}
! 273,246
! {{Percentage | 273246 | 273246 | 2 }}
|-
! Garh Shankar Tehsil
| 150,991
| {{Percentage | 150991 | 289539 | 2 }}
| 67,584
| {{Percentage | 67584 | 289539 | 2 }}
| 70,310
| {{Percentage | 70310 | 289539 | 2 }}
| 363
| {{Percentage | 363 | 289539 | 2 }}
| 284
| {{Percentage | 284 | 289539 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 289539 | 2 }}
! 289,539
! {{Percentage | 289539 | 289539 | 2 }}
|-
! Una Tehsil
| 223,837
| {{Percentage | 223837 | 283798 | 2 }}
| 35,085
| {{Percentage | 35085 | 283798 | 2 }}
| 24,858
| {{Percentage | 24858 | 283798 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 283798 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 283798 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 283798 | 2 }}
! 283,798
! {{Percentage | 283798 | 283798 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note1: [[British Punjab province]] era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province region]] during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. Note2: [[Tehsil]] religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labeled as "Indian Christians" on [[Census in British India|census]]. Does not include [[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indian Christians]] or [[British Christianity|British Christians]], who were classified under "Other" category.}}
|}

===Language===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption=Languages of Hoshiarpur district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |value1 = 93.74 |color1 = pink
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 5.27 |color2 = Orange
|label3 = Others |value3 = 0.99 |color3 = Grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 93.74% of the population spoke [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and 5.27% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Punjab |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10219/download/13331/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0300.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Health==
In the year 2017, Hoshiarpur district had the highest number of [[malaria]] cases in Punjab at 153.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/searo/india/publications/strategic-action-plan-for-malaria-lowress-reference-file.pdf?sfvrsn=4e7e93d7_4
| title = Micro Strategic Action Plan for Malaria Elimination in the State of Punjab, India, 2018–2020
| website = www.cdn.who.int
| access-date = Aug 11, 2024
| quote = Chapter 2, Page 17
}}</ref>

The table below shows the data from the district nutrition profile of children below the age of 5 years, in Hoshiarpur, as of year 2020.

{| class = "wikitable sortable"
|+ District nutrition profile of children under 5 years of age in Hoshiarpur, year 2020
<ref name="auto">{{Cite web| title=District nutrition profile | date=September 2022 | url=https://ebrary.ifpri.org/digital/api/collection/p15738coll2/id/135605/download | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213071736/https://ebrary.ifpri.org/digital/api/collection/p15738coll2/id/135605/download | archive-date=2023-12-13}}</ref>
!Indicators!!Number of children (<5 years)!! Percent (2020)!! Percent (2016)
|-
|Low-birth weight||20,188||17%||22%
|-
|Stunted||22,403||19%||26%
|-
|Wasted||13,379||12%||17%
|-
|Severely wasted||2,845||2%||7%
|-
|Underweight||14,413||12%||21%
|-
|Overweight/obesity||4,437||4%||4%
|-
|Anemia||72,602||70%||60%
|-
|Total children||116,139||||
|}

The table below shows the district nutrition profile of Hoshiarpur of women between the ages of 15 to 49 years, as of year 2020.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+District nutritional profile of Hoshiarpur of women of 15-49 years, in 2020<ref name="auto"/>
!Indicators!!Number of women (15-49 years)!! Percent (2020)!!Percent (2016)
|-
|Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m^2)||56,089||11%||14%
|-
|Overweight/obesity||211,477||41%||31%
|-
|Hypertension||186,652||36%||18%
|-
|Diabetes||66,736||13%||NA
|-
|Anemia (non-preg)||281,589||54%||62%
|-
|Anemia (preg)||NA||NA||38%
|-
|Total women (preg)||24,123||||
|-
|Total women||519,345||||
|}

The table below shows the number of road accidents and people affected in Hoshiarpur district by year.

{| class = "wikitable sortable"
|+Road accidents and people affected in Hoshiarpur district by year<ref>{{cite web | url =https://punjab.data.gov.in/catalog/road-accidents-punjab | title = Road Accidents in Punjab | website = punjab.data.gov.in | date = 21 January 2022 | access-date = October 1, 2024 }}</ref>
!Year!!Accidents!!Killed!!Injured!!Vehicles Involved
|-
|2022||276||233||132||443
|-
|2021||239||203||142||410
|-
|2020||227||190||115||392
|-
|2019||336||254||176||543
|}

==Economy==
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Hoshiarpur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is the only district in Punjab currently receiving funds from the Backward regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Hoshiarpur has 6,480 registered industrial units, which employ more than 31 thousand employees. There are 24 large and medium industries, where more than 15,000 people work.<ref>[https://www.hoshiarpuronline.in/city-guide/industries-in-hoshiarpur Industries in Hoshiarpur - hoshiarpuronline.in]</ref>

==Government and politics==
=== Politics ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No.
! Constituency
! Name of MLA
! colspan="2" | Party
!Bench
|-
!39
|[[Mukerian Assembly constituency|Mukerian]]
| [[Jangi Lal Mahajan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Opposition
|-
!40
|[[Dasuya Assembly constituency|Dasuya]]
| [[Karambir Singh Ghuman]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| rowspan="6" |Government
|-
!41
|[[Urmar Assembly constituency|Urmar]]
| [[Jasvir Singh Raja Gill]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
!42
|[[Sham Chaurasi Assembly constituency|Sham Chaurasi]] (SC)
| Dr. [[Ravjot Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
!43
|[[Hoshiarpur Assembly constituency|Hoshiarpur]]
|[[Brahm Shankar Jimpa|Bram Shanker]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
!44
|[[Chabbewal Assembly constituency|Chabbewal]] (SC)
| [[Ishank Kumar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
!45
|[[Garhshankar Assembly constituency|Garhshankar]]
| [[Jai Krishan Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|}

===District administration===
* The [[Deputy Commissioner (India)|Deputy Commissioner]], an officer belonging to the [[Indian Administrative Service]], is in-charge of the General Administration in the [[Districts of Punjab (India)|district]], and is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Punjab Civil Service and other [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] state services.
* The [[Superintendent of Police (India)|Senior Superintendent of Police]], an officer belonging to the [[Indian Police Service]], is responsible for maintaining law & order in the district, assisted by the officers of the [[Punjab Police Service]] and other Punjab police officials.
* The Divisional Forest Officer, an officer belonging to the [[Indian Forest Service]], is responsible for the management of the forests, environment and wildlife in the district and is assisted by the officers of the [[Punjab Forest Service]] and other Punjab forest officials and Punjab wildlife officials.
* Sectoral development is looked after by the district head/officer of each development department such as PWD, Health, Education, Agriculture, Animal husbandry, etc. These officers are from various Punjab state services.

===Sub-Divisions===
The District of Hoshiarpur comprises four sub-divisions, ten development blocks, eight municipal councils and one notified area committee, as listed below:

====Administrative Divisions====
* Hoshiarpur
* Dasuya
* Mukerian
* Garhshankar

=====Development Blocks=====
* Hoshiarpur-I
* Hoshiarpur-II
* Bhunga
* Tanda
* Dasuya
* Mukerian
* Talwara
* Hajipur
* Garhshankar
[[File:CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR FRUITS.jpg|thumb|Center of Excellence for Fruits, Khanaura, District Hoshiarpur]]

=====Municipal Corporation=====
*[[Hoshiarpur]]

=====Municipal Councils=====
* Garhdiwala
* Hariana
* Tanda
* Mahilpur
* Garhshankar
* Dasuya'
* Mukerian
* Sham Chaurasi
* Talwara

=====Notified Area Committee=====
* Mahilpur
* Hoshiarpur
* Shamchurasi Kadiana

=====Villages=====


* [[Saido Patti]]

==Notable people==
===Science===


* [[Piara Singh Gill]], a [[nuclear physicist]] and a pioneer in [[cosmic ray]] nuclear physics

===Business===
*[[Lakshman Das Mittal]], owner and chairman of the [[Sonalika Group]]

===Sports===


* [[Intikhab Alam]] cricket player
* [[Harmilan Bains]], a [[track and field athlete]] and medalist in [[2022 Asian Games|Asian games 2022]]
*[[Mohammad Nissar]], once India's fastest bowler and remains one of the fastest in the world
* [[Deepak Thakur]], a [[field hockey|hockey]] player and receiver of [[Arjun Award]]

===Politics===


* [[Jagjit Singh Chohan]] founder of [[Khalsa Raj Party]]
* [[Santosh Chowdhary]] ex-MP Congress
* [[Rana Mohammad Hanif Khan]] Federal Minister of Finance, Pakistan (22 October 1974 – 28 March 1977) was born in [[Garhshankar]], [[District Hoshiarpur]]<ref>[[Rana Mohammad Hanif Khan]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=May 2017}}
* [[Avinash Rai Khanna]] a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] leader
*[[Jai Krishan]] of [[Garhshankar]] Deputy Speaker in current Punjab Legislative Assembly
*[[Kewal Krishan]] of [[Mukerian]](10 October 1923 – 30 June 2008) Speaker of the Punjab Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha), Minister of Finance in the Punjab Government 1980–83
* [[Mayawati]] incontested M.P. election from Hoshiarpur [[1989 Indian general election]]
*[[Mangu Ram Mugowalia]], prominent [[Ghadar Party]] leader and Freedom Fighter<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ambedkartimes.com/babu_manguram.htm|title=Welcome to ambedkartimes.com|website=www.ambedkartimes.com}}</ref>
* [[Harnam Singh Saini]], an Indian revolutionary
* [[Harjit Sajjan|Harjit Singh Sajjan]], [[Minister of National Defence (Canada)|Minister of National Defence]] for the [[Government of Canada]]
* [[Vijay Sampla]], (Minister of State for Social Justice and Empowerment) MP from [[Hoshiarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hoshiarpur]] is actually from [[Jalandhar]] city. (born at Sofi Village, [[Jalandhar district]]).
* [[Zail Singh]] was elected from Hoshiarpur in 1980, became Union Home Minister and later the President of India in 1982.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://portal.bsnl.in/bsnl/asp/content%20mgmt/html%20content/hotnews/hotnews35448.html | title=Three sardars and their Hoshiarpur connection | access-date=2011-09-26 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128174157/http://portal.bsnl.in/bsnl/asp/content%20mgmt/html%20content/hotnews/hotnews35448.html | archive-date=28 November 2011 | df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/keyword/harkishen-singh-surjeet/recent/3 |title=Articles about Harkishen Singh Surjeet by Date - Page 3 - Times of India |access-date=28 December 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708031159/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/keyword/harkishen-singh-surjeet/recent/3 |archive-date=8 July 2012 |url-status=dead |work=[[The Times of India]] |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* [[Ambika Soni]] M.P. belongs to bajwara in Hoshiarpur.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://pbplanning.gov.in/pdf/MPLAD%20MPR%2031-5-2010.pdf | title=Nodal districts - Rup Nagar shows only 15th LS information | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105083411/http://pbplanning.gov.in/pdf/MPLAD%20MPR%2031-5-2010.pdf| archive-date=2017-01-05}}</ref>
* [[Kamal Chaudhry]] M.P. representing Hoshiarpur district of Punjab in the Lok Sabha for four terms



===Arts and entertainment===


[[File:Monica Bedi at the 8th Aap Ki Awaz Media Excellence Awards.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[Monica Bedi]] is from the city]]
[[File:Simran Kaur Mundi at Marc Cains preview (2).jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[Simran Kaur Mundi]]]]

* [[Monica Bedi]] a [[Cinema of Punjab|Punjabi]] actress is from village Chabbewal
* [[Jaz Dhami]], UK based Punjabi singer belongs to Hoshiarpur
* [[Kulwinder Dhillon]] singer from [[Mahilpur]]
* [[Harbanse Singh Doman]] belongs to Hoshiarpur
* [[Nachhatar Gill]] Punjabi singer born in Vill. Akalgarh, near Garhshankar, Dist. Hoshiarpur
* [[Habib Jalib]] Pakistani revolutionary poet and left wing politician born in a village near Hoshiarpur
* [[Hard Kaur]] Indian [[rapper]]
* [[Amanat Ali Khan]] Pakistani classic and ghazal singer was born in Hoshiarpur
* [[Gauri Khan]] (born Gauri Chhibber) belongs to Hoshiarpur and raised up in Delhi.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

* [[Simran Kaur Mundi]] a [[Cinema of Punjab|Punjabi film actress]] is from village Mundian Jattan
* [[Satinder Sartaaj]] Punjabi singer born in Bajrawar village, Hoshiarpur District
* [[Amar Singh Shaunki]] [[Dhadi (music)|Dhadi]] singer
* [[D. P. Singh (writer)|D. P. Singh]] a science populariser and environmental activist of Punjab
* [[Ganda Singh (historian)|Ganda Singh]] a Punjabi historian
* [[Mickey Singh]], US based Punjabi Urban singer belongs to Hoshiarpur
* [[Sahib Singh (Sikh martyr)|Sahib Singh]] one of the [[Panj Pyare]]
* [[Upasana Singh]] actress in Bollywood and comedian in TV was born in Tanda
* [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]] Punjabi Rapper from [[Delhi]] was born in Hoshiarpur.
* [[Manmohan Waris]], Punjabi folk singer belongs to Halluwal (near Mahilpur) District Hoshiarpur



===Military===


*[[Fazal Din]] {{smaller|[[Victoria Cross|VC]]}}, of 7th Battalion ''10th Baluch Regiment, British Indian Army'', during the [[Burma campaign (1944–1945)|Burma Campaign]] was run through the chest by a Japanese samurai officer's sword reaching through to his back and proceeded to take the sword out of himself and kill the Japanese officer with it
*[[Tufail Mohammad]], of the [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Punjab Regiment]], War Hero of the [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts|1958 Indo-East Pakistan skirmish]] recipient of [[Nishan-e-Haider]]

===Other===
*[[Ravi Singh (humanitarian)|Ravi Singh]], a British-Indian [[humanitarian]] and founder and CEO [[Khalsa Aid]]
*[[Dhanna Singh]], revolutionary and part of the Babbar Akali movement

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://hoshiarpur.nic.in/ Hoshiarpur district]
* [http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/punjab/districts/hoshiarpur.htm Hoshiarpur District at Maps of India]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Hoshiarpur district
|North = [[Pathankot district]]
|Northeast = [[Kangra district]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]
|East = [[Una district]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]
|Southeast = [[Rupnagar district]] [[Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district]]
|South = [[Kapurthala district]] (Eastern)
|Southwest =
|West = [[Jalandhar district]]
|Northwest = [[Gurdaspur district]] [[Kapurthala district]] (Western)
}}

{{Hoshiarpur district}}
{{Punjab (India)}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hoshiarpur district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Punjab, India]]

Vontimitta

2026-02-14T04:11:56Z

JaimieCarrigan:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vontimitta
| other_name = ఒంటిమిట్ట
| settlement_type = [[Temple Town]]
| image_skyline = Vontimitta Temple.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = View of the [[Vontimitta Kodandarama Swamy Temple|Sri Kodandarama Swamy Temple]] in Vontimitta
| nickname =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|14.3833|N|79.0333|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rayalaseema]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="census">{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2820_PART_B_DCHB_YSR.pdf |website=Census of India |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh |access-date=1 May 2019 |pages=320 |format=PDF}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 19.64
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 16067
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="population">{{cite web |title=Population statistics |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=672607 |website=Census of India |publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=1 May 2019}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 516213
| area_code = 08589
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = AP-04 }}

'''Vontimitta''' ([[Telugu language|Telugu]]: ఒంటిమిట్ట) or '''Ekasilanagaram''', is a village in [[Kadapa district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located in the Vontimitta [[Mandal]] of the [[Kadapa revenue division]].<ref name="census" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Revenue Divisions and Mandals |url=http://kadapa.nic.in/govtlands.htm |website=Official website of YSR Kadapa District |publisher=National Informatics Centre- Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref>

The village is well-known for the [[Kodandarama Temple, Vontimitta|Kodandarama Swamy Temple, Vontimitta]], famous for its architecture and art. French traveler [[Jean-Baptiste Tavernier]] described the temple as ,''“one of the grandest pagodas in the whole of India”'''.''''' The temple is considered to be a centrally protected monument.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}

== Etymology ==
The name of the village ''Vontimitta'' is said to be derived from the names of two persons ''Vontudu'' and ''Mittudu''. These two helped a king named ''Kampana'', who camped with his army at this place, by showing the water of Ramatirtham to quench the king and his fellowmen’s thirst. Then the king pleased at them and built a village after their names. King Kampana may be the [[Kumara Kampana]], son of king [[Bukka|Bukka Raya I]]. Vontudu –Mittudu later became "Vontimitta". Kampana also built a temple of Rama here.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2009-01-20|title=Vontimitta (Ekasilanagaram) – Kodanda Rama Temple|url=https://english.kadapa.info/vontimitta-ekasilanagaram-kodanda-rama-temple/|access-date=2022-01-18|website=www.kadapa.info|language=en-US}}</ref>

Another version is that the village is called Ekasilanagaram (lit. City of one stone) because the idols of Rama, Sita and Lakshmana are carved out of a single stone with a common pedestal.

The village is situated on a risen ground by the side of a small hill. The village might've got its name from the hill which in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] is Vontimitta. (''vonti'' translates to single and ''mitta'' to hill).

== Geography ==
Vontimitta is located at {{coord|14.3833|N|79.0333|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/02/Ontimitta.html |title=Falling Rain Genomics.Ontimitta |publisher=Fallingrain.com |access-date=2012-03-11}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 151 meters (498 feet).

== See also ==
[[Kodandarama Temple, Vontimitta]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Kadapa district}}

[[Category:Villages in Kadapa district]]
[[Template:Kadapa-geo-stub]]

New Empire Cinema (Mumbai)

2026-01-23T12:13:39Z

JaimieCarrigan: Starting a page v1

{{Short description|Cinema hall in Mumbai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox venue
| name = New Empire Cinema
| nickname =
| image = New Empire Cinema, Mumbai.jpg
| caption = [[Façade]] of New Empire Cinema in 2024
| former_names = The Empire Theatre
| location = [[Fort (Mumbai precinct)|Fort]], [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| public_transit = {{rint|mumbai|suburban}} [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus]]
| type = [[Movie theater|Cinema Hall]]
| opened = {{Start date and age|1908|df=yes}}
| renovated =
| closed = {{Start date and age|2014|df=yes}}
| reopened =
| owner = Burge Cooper
| architect = Arthur Payne
| capacity =
}}
'''New Empire''' was a cinema hall in [[South Mumbai]] located in close proximity to the [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus]].<ref name="CITEREFMidDay">{{cite web|url= http://www.mid-day.com/articles/mumbais-new-empire-cinema-shuts-down/15195055|title= Mid-Day Article - Mumbai's iconic New Empire cinema shuts down|date= 31 March 2014}}</ref> It closed down on 21 March 2014 after being in existence for over a century due to persistent losses suffered by the owners.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/cover-story/The-End/articleshow/32742507.cms |title= Mumbai Mirror Article - The End Of New Empire }}</ref>

==History==
New Empire originally opened in 1908 as a live theatre and hosted plays. It was then known as the Empire Theatre.<ref name="CITEREFMumbaiBoss">{{cite web|url= http://mumbaiboss.com/2014/04/02/its-the-end-of-the-reel-for-new-empire/|title= MumbaiBoss Article - It's The End Of The Reel For New Empire|url-status= dead|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140406121228/http://mumbaiboss.com/2014/04/02/its-the-end-of-the-reel-for-new-empire/|archivedate= 6 April 2014|df= dmy-all}}</ref> In 1948, it was completely overhauled by British architect M.A. Riddley Abbott and reopened as New Empire with a seating capacity of nearly a thousand.<ref name="CITEREFTheHinduArticle">{{cite news|url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/its-curtains-for-new-empire-cinema/article5840413.ece|title= The Hindu – It's curtains for New Empire cinema|newspaper= The Hindu|date= 27 March 2014}}</ref> The New Empire Cinema was taken over by 20th Century Fox Corp. in 1955 and was the Bombay showcase cinema for their films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/33427|title=New Empire Cinema in Mumbai, IN |website=cinematreasures.org|access-date=2019-03-20}}</ref>

New Empire was one of the oldest single-screen cinema halls in [[Mumbai]] and the first in [[Asia]] to have a cantilevered balcony. Similar cinema halls that were built in the [[Art Deco]] style and opened subsequently in the south Mumbai area were Regal (opened in 1933), Metro (opened in 1938) and Liberty (opened in 1949).<ref name="CITEREFMidDay"/>
The first film it screened was in 1930 – the talkie Vagabond King.<ref name="CITEREFMumbaiBoss"/>

==Ownership==
It was originally owned by the Bombay Improvement Trust, which used to carry out civic works in the city. The theatre was bought by Mr. Keki Mody in 1935 who is the father-in-law of the current owner Mr. Burge Cooper.<ref name="CITEREFMumbaiBoss"/>

==Architectural style==
Empire Theatre was built as an elaborate Victorian structure. It was made in the Baroque style by architect Arthur Payne with the interiors done by O’Connor and Gerard. In 1948, it underwent a complete overhaul and was rebuilt in the then-prevalent [[Art Deco]] style of architecture.<ref name="CITEREFMidDay"/>

==Current state==
New Empire suffered major losses owing to stiff competition from multiplexes.<ref name="CITEREFMumbaiBoss"/> Another reason for the losses was the steep entertainment tax of 45 percent imposed by the [[Maharashtra]] government <ref name="CITEREFMumbaiBoss"/> from which the multiplexes were exempt.<ref name="CITEREFTheHinduArticle"/> The cinema suffered losses every month for 7 years with an accumulated loss of nearly Rs. 26 million. It closed its operations on 21 March 2014.<ref name="CITEREFTheHinduArticle"/>

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Former cinemas in India]]
[[Category:Art Deco]]
[[Category:Cinemas in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Art Deco architecture in India]]

College of Engineering Muttathara

2026-01-23T06:37:31Z

JaimieCarrigan: fixes

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{cleanup reorganize|date=July 2017}}
{{unreferenced|date=July 2017}}}}
{{Infobox university
| motto =
| name = College of Engineering, Muttathara
| image_name =
| image_size = 200px
| image_alt =
| established = 2016
| head_label = Principal
| head = Dr. Bejoy Abraham
| type = Government
| city = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Muttathara]]
| state = [[Kerala]]
| affiliations = [[Kerala Technological University]]
| website = [http://www.cemuttathara.org// cemuttathara.org]
}}

The '''College of Engineering Muttathara''' (In Malayalam - എഞ്ചിനീയറിംഗ് കോളേജ്, മുട്ടത്തറ), (Entrance Commissioner's Code: CEM) is the ninth Engineering College under the Co-operative Academy of Professional Education (CAPE). It was started in 2016 under the [[Co-operative Academy of Professional Education]] (CAPE Kerala) Society. The society was formed to establish educational institutions to provide education and training, research and development, and consultancy. The society is promoted by the Co-operation Department of the government of Kerala and is an autonomous society.

The college is located at Muttathara (near St. Sebastian Church, Vallakadavu) of [[Thiruvananthapuram]] district. Thiruvananthapuram formerly known as [[Trivandrum]], is the capital city of the Indian State of Kerala. It is the largest and the most populous city corporation in Kerala and the fifth largest urban agglomeration in Kerala. The college is about 4 km from Trivandrum Central Railway Station and very near to Thiruvananthapuram International Airport.

The Courses offered are B.Tech in Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Computer Science & Engineering and Electronics & Communication Engineering. The duration of each course is four academic years as prescribed in the curriculum. The first two semesters will be combined together as first year, and the remaining three years consists of six semesters.

== Affiliated university ==

The institution is affiliated to [[APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University]].

== Admission ==

Admission is through Central Counseling by the Government of Kerala. Candidates are admitted based on the state-level Common Entrance Exam ([[KEAM]]) conducted by the [http://www.cee-kerala.org/ CEE] From 2003.

== Courses ==

The institution offers [[B.Tech]] courses in
* [[Civil Engineering]]
* [[Computer Science & Engineering]]
* [[Electronics and Communication Engineering]]
* [[Electrical and Electronics Engineering]]
* [[Mechanical Engineering]]

==The annual intake for each course==

* [[Civil Engineering]] - 60
* [[Computer Science & Engineering]] - 60
* [[Electronics and Communication Engineering]] - 60
* [[Electrical and Electronics Engineering]] - 60
* [[Mechanical Engineering]] - 60

== Location ==

The college is located only 3.5 km from heart of the Trivandrum City: [[East Fort]]. You can reach the college by bus or by personal vehicle. The college is located only 4 km from [[Thiruvananthapuram Central railway station|Trivandrum Central Railway Station]] and [[Trivandrum International Airport|Trivandrum Airport]].

== See also ==

* [[List of Engineering Colleges in Kerala]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* http://www.capekerala.org/muttathara.html
* http://www.cemuttathara.org

{{Education in Kerala}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:College Of Engineering, muttathara}}
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2016]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in Kerala]]

Kauriram

2026-01-21T08:29:17Z

JaimieCarrigan: creating - done

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kauriram
| other_name = Kaurīrām
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.14699|N|83.64993|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="Geonames">{{Cite web|url=https://www.geonames.org/10509683/kauriram.html|title=Geonames.org. ''Kaurīrām''|accessdate=3 February 2021}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kaimur district|Kaimur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.04
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="Geonames"/>
| elevation_m = 83
| population_total = 2269<ref name="Census 2011"/>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Kauriram''' is a village in [[Mohania]] block of [[Kaimur district]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]. It is located southeast of Mohania, on the [[Grand Trunk Road]]. As of 2011, its population was 2,269, in 331 households.<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook - Kaimur, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=344–423|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/BiharA.html |website=Census 2011 India|accessdate=3 February 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Kaimur district]]

{{Kaimur-geo-stub}}

Christo Tomy

2026-01-08T12:37:02Z

JaimieCarrigan:

{{Short description|Indian filmmaker}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Christo Tomy
| image = Christo_Tomy_2.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| othername =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|09|27}}
| birth_place = [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| occupation = {{Flat list|
* Film director
* screenwriter
}}
| years_active = 2013-present
| alma_mater = [[Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute]] [[Sainik School Kazhakootam]]
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| parents =
| website = https://www.christotomy.com/
}}
'''Christo Tomy''' is an Indian filmmaker who works in [[Malayalam cinema]], with a portfolio that includes both short films and feature films. He is a three-time recipient of the [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Christo Tomy {{!}} Director, Writer |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7051158/ |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nagarajan |first=Saraswathy |date=2024-07-03 |title='Ullozhukku' director Christo Tomy interview: 'I did not want black and white characters in the movie' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/interview-director-christo-tomy-on-ullozhukku-i-did-not-want-black-and-white-characters-in-the-movie/article68358456.ece |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In 2016, he received the Swarna Kamal for Best Direction (Non-Feature Film) for his short film ''Kamuki (Sweetheart)''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kamuki - National Award Winning Short Film |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EoBsYysuBA|publisher=[[YouTube]]}} 10 August 2018</ref> He also won the [[National Film Award for Best First Non-Feature Film of a Director|National Award for Debut Director]] in the non-feature category for his film ''Kanyaka (Virgin)''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kanyaka (Virgin) – National Award Winning Short Film|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-IH90boCA8|publisher=[[YouTube]]}} 23 February 2016</ref> In 2025, his debut feature film ''[[Ullozhukku]]'' was awarded the [[National Film Award for Best Malayalam Feature Film]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/national-film-awards-2025-ullozhukku-is-best-malayalam-film-om3754h9 | title='Ullozhukku' wins Best Malayalam Film at 71st National Film Awards | publisher=[[Mathrubhumi News]] | date=1 August 2025 | accessdate=3 August 2025}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Christo Tomy is an alumnus of [[Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute]], [[Kolkata]] and [[Sainik School Kazhakootam]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Maktoob |date=2016-09-16 |title=On the non-linear track: an interview with Christo Tomy - Anamika Aami |url=http://maktoobmedia.com/more/film-and-tv/4rt/ |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=Maktoob media |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sainik School Old Boys Association |url=https://sskzmoba.org/Home/president_awards_civilian |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=sskzmoba.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Madhu |first=Vignesh |date=2024-06-21 |title=Christo Tomy's eight-year journey culminates in Malayalam feature film 'Ullozhukku' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2024/Jun/21/christo-tomys-eight-year-journey-culminates-in-malayalam-feature-film-ullozhukku |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Career and achievements ==

=== National Film Awards ===
Christo Tomy gained national recognition with his short films, which have won him two National Film Awards. In 2016, he won the Swarna Kamal (Golden Lotus) for Best Director for his short film ''Kamuki'' (Sweetheart). His debut short film ''Kanyaka'' (Virgin) earned him the National Award for Best Debut Director in the non-feature category, receiving the Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus). ''Kanyaka'' was also screened at the 44th [[International Film Festival of India|International Film Festival of India (IFFI)]] in [[Goa]].<ref name=":0" />

=== Jury member ===
In recognition of his expertise and contributions to [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]], he served as a member of the jury for the non-feature films at the [[65th National Film Awards]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venugopal |first=Vasudha |date=2018-05-22 |title=Jury distressed over flick on Arvind Kejriwal |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/jury-distressed-over-flick-on-arvind-kejriwal/articleshow/64266267.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Notable works ==

=== Short films and documentaries ===
Christo Tomy's first notable short film was ''Kanyaka'' (2013), which earned him a National Film Award for Best First Non-Feature Film of a Director.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Arjun |date=2024-06-21 |title=EXCLUSIVE: I have a dream cast for my first feature film, says 'Ullozhukku' director Christo Tomy |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/exclusive-i-have-a-dream-cast-for-my-first-feature-film-says-ullozhukku-director-christo-tomy/ |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=The South First |language=en}}</ref> He directed ''Odvojen'' in 2014.<ref>{{Citation |last=Tomy |first=Christo |title=Odvojen |date=2014-08-29 |type=Documentary, Short |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4794714/?ref_=nm_knf_t_4 |access-date=2024-07-04 |publisher=International Student Film Camp}}</ref> His next short film, ''Kamuki'' (2015), was showcased at various international film festivals and went on to win the National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film Direction.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2016-06-14 |title=A teen's struggle to uphold dignity |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2016/Jun/14/a-teens-struggle-to-uphold-dignity-939973.html |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> His work is known for its depth, creativity, and emotional resonance.<ref name=":0" />

=== ''Curry & Cyanide: The Jolly Joseph Case'' ===
In 2023, Christo Tomy directed the [[Netflix]] documentary ''[[Curry & Cyanide: The Jolly Joseph Case]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-22 |title=Curry and Cyanide movie review: Netflix's dissatisfying true crime documentary inelegantly exhumes Jolly Joseph serial killings case |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/curry-and-cyanide-movie-review-netflix-dissatisfying-true-crime-documentary-inelegantly-exhumes-jolly-joseph-serial-killings-case-9075913/ |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> This documentary, based on the [[Koodathayi cyanide killings]], achieved significant acclaim.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-13 |title='Curry & Cyanide - The Jolly Joseph Case' trailer: Netflix unveils documentary on Koodathayi murders |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/curry-cyanide-the-jolly-joseph-case-trailer-netflix-unveils-documentary-on-koodathayi-murders/article67634374.ece |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The show reached the Global Top #2 position and remained in the Global Top Ten for three consecutive weeks. It amassed over 10 million views worldwide within three weeks of its release and featured in the Top Ten lists of more than 30 countries.<ref name=":0" />

=== ''Ullozhukku'' ===
Christo Tomy's first feature film ''[[Ullozhukku]]'' (Undercurrent) was released in 2024 to positive reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-01 |title=Ullozhukku: Of womance, parental paternalism, physical touch, the role of patriarchy in Indian families and cinematic brilliance |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/ullozhukku-womance-parental-paternalism-role-of-patriarchy-in-indian-families-9424775/ |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=S. R. |date=2024-06-21 |title='Ullozhukku' movie review: Urvashi's powerhouse performance carries this haunting drama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ullozhukku-movie-review-urvashis-powerhouse-performance-carries-this-haunting-drama/article68316205.ece |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Produced by [[Ronnie Screwvala]], Honey Trehan, and [[Abhishek Chaubey]], the film stars [[Parvathy Thiruvothu]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], and [[Arjun Radhakrishnan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-21 |title=Ullozhukku movie review: A subtle and profound drama backed by incredible Urvashi and Parvathy |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/ullozhukku-movie-review-a-subtle-and-profound-drama-backed-by-incredible-urvashi-and-parvathy-9406251/ |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> ''Ullozhukku'' has been part of several prestigious programs, including the Film Independent's Global Media Makers LA Residency, the NFDC Co-Production Market - Film Bazaar, and the NFDC Screenwriters Lab.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Undercurrent |url=https://indianfilmfestival.org/films/undercurrent/ |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=IFFLA |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Film Independent Launches Fourth Year of Global Media Makers |url=https://www.filmindependent.org/press-releases/film-independent-launches-fourth-year-of-global-media-makers/ |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=Film Independent |language=en-US}}</ref> The project won the Cinestaan India's Storytellers Script Contest, India's largest feature film script contest, judged by eminent filmmakers [[Aamir Khan]], [[Rajkumar Hirani]], [[Anjum Rajabali]], and [[Juhi Chaturvedi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-27 |title='Ullozhukku' to be screened at Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ullozhukku-to-be-screened-at-indian-film-festival-of-los-angeles/article68339694.ece |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

== Filmography ==

=== Feature films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Written by
!Notes
|-
|2024
|[[Ullozhukku|''Ullozhukk''u]]
|Himself
|Debut film
|}

=== Documentaries and short films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Written by
!Notes
|-
|2013
|''Kanyaka (Virgin)''
| rowspan="4" |Himself
|
|-
|2014
|''Odvojen (Apart)''
|{{efn|Won 2nd place in the 'TV Story' category at the Interfer – International Media Festival in Apatin; screened at the 7th First Frame International Students Film Festival in 2014.}}
|-
|2015
|''Kamuki (Sweetheart)''
|
|-
|2019
|''Dallas''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dallas |url=https://www.ashleymonti.com/dallas |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=ashleymonti |language=en}}</ref>
|{{efn|Shot as part of Global Media Makers 2019 LA Residency program}}
|-
|2020
|''A Window of Time - Lockdown Diaries''
|Himself (among others)
|{{efn|Directed one of 21 short video essays depicting the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown in 19 cities across 13 countries on four continents.}}
|-
|2023
|''[[Curry & Cyanide: The Jolly Joseph Case]]''
|Shalini Ushadevi
|
|}

=== Musical videos ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Written by
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2014
|''You are Rot''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Satyajit Ray Film & Television Institute |url=https://srfti.ac.in/?page_id=186 |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=srfti.ac.in}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |Himself
|
|-
|''Madakkam (Return)''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Satyajit Ray Film & Television Institute |url=https://srfti.ac.in/?author=2&paged=24 |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=srfti.ac.in}}</ref>
|{{efn|Screened at the 7th International Documentary & Short Film Festival of Kerala (IDSFFK)}}
|}

== Awards and accolades ==
;[[National Film Award]]
* [[61st National Film Awards|2013]]: [[National Film Award for Best First Non-Feature Film of a Director|Best First Non-Feature Film of a Director]] – ''Kanyaka'' (Virgin)<ref name="61staward">{{cite web |date=16 April 2014 |title=61st National Film Awards |url=http://www.dff.nic.in/List%20of%20Awards.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416181218/http://www.dff.nic.in/List%20of%20Awards.pdf |archive-date=16 April 2014 |access-date=16 April 2014 |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals}}</ref>
* [[63rd National Film Awards|2016]]: [[National Film Award for Best Direction (non-feature film)|Best Direction (non-feature film)]] – ''Kamuki'' (Sweetheart)<ref name="63rdaward">{{cite press release |title=63rd National Film Awards |url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/Winners_of_63rd_NFA_2015.pdf |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |date=28 March 2016 |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007194418/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/Winners_of_63rd_NFA_2015.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[71st National Film Awards|2025]]: [[National Film Award for Best Malayalam Feature Film|Best Malayalam Feature Film]] – ''[[Ullozhukku]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1582915&u=national-film-awards-ullozhukku-best-malayalam-film-big-wins-for-urvashi-and-vijayaraghavan | title=National Film Awards: Ullozhukku Best Malayalam Film, big wins for Urvashi and Vijayaraghavan | publisher=[[Kerala Kaumudi]] | date=1 August 2025 | accessdate=3 August 2025}}</ref>

;Other Awards
* 2014: 7th International Short Film & Documentary Festival of Kerala (IDSFFK) – Best Music Video Award – ''You are Rot''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2014-07-23 |title='Chronicles of a Temple Painter' Bags Award for Best Long Documentary |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2014/Jul/23/chronicles-of-a-temple-painter-bags-award-for-best-long-documentary-639025.html |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Malayalam cinema]]
* [[Cinema of India]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==

<references />

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm7051158}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-IH90boCA8 ''Kanyaka'' (Virgin)]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EoBsYysuBA ''Kamuki'' (Sweetheart)]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzBxsC7Nauo&t=286s ''Odvojen'' (Apart)]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tomy, Christo}}
[[Category:Sainik School alumni]]
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Kochi]]
[[Category:Malayalam screenwriters]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Gunsundari (1927 film)

2026-01-07T19:12:06Z

JaimieCarrigan:

{{Other uses|Gunsundari (disambiguation){{!}}Gunsundari}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Gunsundari
| image =
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Chandulal Shah]]
| producer =
| writer = Chandulal Shah
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Gohar Mamajiwala|Gohar]]
* [[P. K. Raja Sandow]]
}}
| music =
| cinematography = Narayan G. Devare
| editing =
| studio = [[Kohinoor Film Company]]
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Silent
| released = {{Film date|1927}}
| based_on =
| distributor = Dayaram Shah
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Gunsundari''''' ({{langx|en|Why do Husbands Go Astray?}})<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014"/> is 1927 Indian silent social drama film written and directed by [[Chandulal Shah]]. The film was successful and was remade twice later.

==Plot==
Gunsundari is a devoted wife to his husband who is not involved in his domestic responsibilities and claims that he is busy in his office work. He dislikes his wife due to her moral stand and involves with a dancing girl. The wife goes beyond her home and discovers a new world as well as meets a social outcast person like her. The story ends there.<ref name="Ro2013">{{cite book |last1=Gangar |first1=Amrit |url=http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz375710701inh.htm |title=Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinemas |last2=Moti |first2=Gokulsing K. |last3=Dissanayake |first3=Wimal |date=17 April 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-77284-9 |pages=88–99 |chapter=Gujarati Cinema: Stories of sant, sati, shethani and sparks so few |doi=10.4324/9780203556054 |author-link1=Amrit Gangar |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=djUFmlFbzFkC&pg=PA99 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106080734/https://books.google.com/books?id=djUFmlFbzFkC&pg=PA99 |archive-date=6 January 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014"/>

==Cast==
The cast is as follows:<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014"/>
* [[Gohar Mamajiwala|Gohar]] as Gunsundari
* [[P. K. Raja Sandow]]
* Rampiyari
* Jamna
* R. N. Vaidya

==Production==
Chandulal Shah wrote and directed the film when the cinema was dominated by mythological films. It was produced in 22 days.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ushakant |first=Mehta |date=2011-02-01 |title=ગુણસુંદરી |url=https://gujarativishwakosh.org/%e0%aa%97%e0%ab%81%e0%aa%a3%e0%aa%b8%e0%ab%81%e0%aa%82%e0%aa%a6%e0%aa%b0%e0%ab%80/ |website=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]] |language=gu}}</ref> It told the modern women that their husband should be more participating in their domestic responsibilities and they should be more exploring of the world beyond their homes. The black and white film was 9452 feet long.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014"/>

==Legacy and remakes==
''Gunsundari'' is Shah's most known film. Gohar subsequently played similar signature roles in her career. The film was such a success in its first appearance in 1927, that director Chandulal Shah [[Gunsundari (1934 film)|remade it in 1934]] under [[Ranjit Studios]] starring Gohar. It was [[Gunsundari (1948 film)|remade again in 1948]] under Ajit Pictures and directed by Shah's nephew Ratilal Punatar and starred [[Nirupa Roy]]. However, these three versions include some changes to reflect their times.<ref name="Ro2013">{{cite book |last1=Gangar |first1=Amrit |url=http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz375710701inh.htm |title=Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinemas |last2=Moti |first2=Gokulsing K. |last3=Dissanayake |first3=Wimal |date=17 April 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-77284-9 |pages=88–99 |chapter=Gujarati Cinema: Stories of sant, sati, shethani and sparks so few |doi=10.4324/9780203556054 |author-link1=Amrit Gangar |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=djUFmlFbzFkC&pg=PA99 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106080734/https://books.google.com/books?id=djUFmlFbzFkC&pg=PA99 |archive-date=6 January 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014">{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |publisher=Routledge |year=1999 |isbn=978-1-135-94325-7 |edition=Revised |pages=251}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1927 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1927 drama films]]
[[Category:Indian silent films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:1927 Indian films]]
[[Category:Kohinoor Film Company films]]

Tamils Rehabilitation Organisation

2026-01-01T19:59:17Z

JaimieCarrigan: rework section per standard format also and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian refugee organization}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox non-profit
| name = Tamils Rehabilitation Organisation

| image = File:Woman in Sri Lanka rescued during monsoon flooding.jpg

| caption = TRO Emergency Rescue Team carries a woman to safety during floods

| founder =

| type =

| tax_id =

| registration_id =

| founded_date = {{Start date|1985||}}

| location =

| coordinates =

| origins =

| key_people =
| area_served =Sri Lanka
| products =

| services =

| focus =

| mission =

| method =

| revenue =

| endowment =

| num_volunteers =

| num_employees =

| num_members =

| subsid =

| owner =

| motto =

| former name =

| homepage =

| dissolved =

| footnotes = }}
The '''Tamils Rehabilitation Organisation''' (TRO) was a fundraising front for the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)]],<ref name="HRW-4">{{cite web |date=March 2006 |title=Funding the “Final War”: LTTE Intimidation and Extortion in the Tamil Diaspora, Chapter 4 |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2006/ltte0306/4.htm#_ftn52 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060316120539/http://hrw.org/reports/2006/ltte0306/4.htm#_ftn52 |archive-date=2006-03-16 |access-date=2026-01-01}}</ref> originally established either by Tamil refugees<ref name="HRW-2">{{cite web |date=March 2006 |title=Funding the “Final War”: LTTE Intimidation and Extortion in the Tamil Diaspora, Chapter 2 |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2006/ltte0306/2.htm|publisher=Human Rights Watch |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060316120537/http://hrw.org/reports/2006/ltte0306/2.htm |archive-date=2006-03-16 |access-date=2026-01-01}}</ref> or by the LTTE itself<ref name="HRW-4"/> in 1985. Its ''nominal'' mission was initially to aid Tamil refugees from the [[Sri Lankan civil war]] who had fled to [[Tamil Nadu]],<ref name="HRW-4"/> and later to aid Tamils remaining in the Northern and Eastern Provinces of Sri Lanka,<ref name="HRW-4"/> but a "significant amount" of its funds were redirected to support LTTE military operations.<ref name="HRW-2"/>

After the signing of the [[Indo-Sri Lanka Accord]] and the subsequent fighting between the LTTE and the [[Indian Peace Keeping Force]], TRO moved its operation and headquarters to [[Jaffna]] in Northern Sri Lanka. The headquarters moved again to [[Killinochchi]] after [[Jaffna]] was taken by [[Sri Lanka Armed Forces]] in 1995. After the signing of the [[Sri_Lankan_Civil_War#2002_peace_process|ceasefire agreement]] in 2002 between the LTTE and the Government of Sri Lanka, TRO was recognised by the Government as a legitimate NGO and was granted NGO status.{{citation needed|date=January 2026}} During the period 2002 to 2005 TRO operated from offices across Sri Lanka in both Government and LTTE controlled areas providing post war and [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|post tsunami]] relief and rehabilitation to Tamil community.{{fact|date=August 2020}}

The Financial Investigation Unit of the [[Criminal Investigation Department (Sri Lanka)|Criminal Investigation Department]] and the [[Central Bank of Sri Lanka|Central Bank]] Financial Investigation Unit which monitor the financial transactions noted the TRO is receiving millions from outside that is being sent to the LTTE in Wanni and LTTE International Procurement cadres to buy weapons, sophisticated communication equipment and other technology for the LTTE. The government quickly sealed off TRO offices in Sri Lanka and froze nearly Rs 72 million but the TRO managed to siphon off most of their funds prior to the freezing. The CID also sent the information through the INTERPOL.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BUSINESS TODAY -DEPUTY INSPECTOR GENERAL OF POLICE - SISIRA MENDIS|url=http://www.businesstoday.lk/cover_page.php?article=23&issue=206|access-date=2020-12-08|website=www.businesstoday.lk|archive-date=18 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018015452/https://businesstoday.lk/cover_page.php?article=23&issue=206|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 15 November 2007, the [[United States Department of the Treasury]] designated the TRO as a [[SDGT]] in the [[Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List|SDN]] under [[Executive Order 13224]], aimed to financially isolate US designated foreign terrorist groups and their support network. Under this order, the Department of the Treasury froze all assets held by the TRO and its designees in US territories, and formally prohibited US citizens from transacting with the TRO or its members.<ref>{{cite web |title=TAMILS REHABILITATION ORGANISATION |url=https://sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov/Details.aspx?id=10486 |website=sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=23782 |title = TamilNet: 15.11.07 U.S. freezes TRO funds}}</ref><ref>[http://www.treasury.gov/press/releases/hp683.htm hp683: Treasury Targets Charity Covertly Supporting Violence in Sri Lanka]</ref>

The Department of Treasury stated that "T.R.O. passed off its operations as charitable, when in fact it was raising money for a designated terrorist group responsible for heinous acts of terrorism ... in the United States, T.R.O. has raised funds on behalf of the LTTE through a network of individual representatives. According to sources within the organization, T.R.O. is the preferred conduit of funds from the United States to the LTTE in Sri Lanka".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/hp683.htm | title=Treasury Targets Charity Covertly Supporting Violence in Sri Lanka | publisher=[[U.S. Treasury]] | date=2007-11-15 | accessdate=2008-02-15 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207171900/http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/hp683.htm | archivedate=2008-02-07 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[British Tamil Association]]
*[[World Tamil Movement]]
*[[2006 murder of TRO workers in Sri Lanka]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.tro.org.au/ TRO Australia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909051834/http://www.tro.org.au/ |date=9 September 2006 }}
* [http://www.sangam.org/articles/view/?id=340 Tamils Rehabilitation Organisation and the Projects Implemented by it]
* [http://www.sundaytimes.lk/071125/News/news00023.html International moves to crack down on LTTE’s biggest fund-raising sources]
* [https://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2005/01/30/fea28.html From relief, rehabilitation to peace]





{{Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam}}

[[Category:Tamil diaspora in Asia]]
[[Category:Overseas Tamil organisations]]
[[Category:Refugees in India]]
[[Category:Social history of Tamil Nadu]]

{{SriLanka-stub}}
{{charity-stub}}
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:India–Sri Lanka relations]]
[[Category:Indian Peace Keeping Force]]
[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by the United States]]
[[Category:Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List]]

Yeakub Hossain

2025-12-26T08:36:09Z

JaimieCarrigan: put up a data.

{{Short description|West Bengal politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Yakub Hossain
| office = Member of [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1951
| term_end = 1962
| predecessor = ''Constituency established''
| successor = [[Shiromani Prasad]]
| constituency = [[Nalhati Assembly constituency|Nalhati]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Birbhum district]], [[Bengal Presidency]]
| death_place =
| death_date =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| alma_mater =
| relatives =
| education =
}}
'''Mohammad Yakub Hossain''' was a politician belonging to the [[Indian National Congress]]. He served as a member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] for over a decade.

==Career==
Hossain contested in the [[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|inaugural West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] where he ran as an [[Indian National Congress]] candidate for [[Nalhati Assembly constituency]], defeating the [[Hindutva]]-aligned [[Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha]] candidate [[Suresh Chandra Sinha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/1951/nalhati/|title=Nalhati, 1951|website=Latestly|access-date=3 July 2023}}</ref> He contested in the [[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] and was re-elected to Nalhati after winning against independent candidate Vishnupada Ghose.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/1957/nalhati/|title=Nalhati, 1957|website=Latestly|access-date=3 July 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hossain, Yakub}}
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1951–1957]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:People from Birbhum district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Bengali Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Possibly living people]]

{{WestBengal-INC-politician-stub}}

Chidambaram railway station

2025-12-25T04:16:02Z

JaimieCarrigan: enhanced page and improved wording

{{Short description|Railway station in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Chidambaram
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = CDM-RS.png
| image_caption = Entrance of Chidambaram Railways Station
| address = Railway feeder Rd, [[Chidambaram]], [[Cuddalore district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|11.3912|79.7034|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|6|m}}
| lines = [[Chennai Egmore–Thanjavur main line]]
| other = Auto, Taxi Stand, Bus stand
| structure = Standard
| platform = 3
| tracks = 3
| parking = Available
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = [[25 kV AC]]
| accessible = {{Access icon| 20px}}
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = CDM<ref name="stn_code">{{cite web |title=Station Code Index |url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/pdf/Station_code.pdf |website=Portal of Indian Railways |publisher=Centre For Railway Information Systems |access-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216225807/https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/TAG_2023-24/Station_Code_Index.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2024 |page=5 |date=2023–24}}</ref>
| zone = [[Southern Railway zone]]
| division = {{rwd|Tiruchirappalli}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Southern Railway zone]]
| zone = [[Indian Railways]]
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_dot_label = Chidambaram railway station
| map_size = 300
| map_type = India#India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
}}

'''Chidambaram railway station''' (station code: CDM) is an NSG–5 category [[List of railway stations in India|Indian railway station]] in [[Tiruchirappalli railway division]] of [[Southern Railway zone]].<ref name="sr_stn">{{cite web |title=SOUTHERN RAILWAY LIST OF STATIONS AS ON 01.04.2023 (CATEGORY- WISE) |url=https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1686913242750-SR%20-LIST%20OF%20STATIONS-2023.pdf |website=Portal of Indian Railways |publisher=Centre For Railway Information Systems |access-date=3 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323095403/https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1686913242750-SR%20-LIST%20OF%20STATIONS-2023.pdf |archive-date=23 March 2024 |page=7 |date=1 April 2023}}</ref> It is a railway station situated in [[Chidambaram]], a municipal town and a taluk headquarters in [[Cuddalore district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India. It is situated on the [[Chennai Egmore–Thanjavur main line|main line]].

== Background ==

The railhead links the city trains to several cities such as [[Chennai]], [[Tiruchirappalli]], [[Nagercoil]], [[Rameswaram]], [[Madurai]], [[Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh|Tirupati]], [[Varanasi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Bhubaneswar]] and [[Mysuru]]. Special trains used to ply during Maha Kumbhabhishekam Festival at [[Chidambaram Temple]] ever since the past connecting with {{stnlnk|Tiruchirappalli Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Mayiladuthurai Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Viluppuram Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Chennai Egmore}}, {{stnlnk|Madurai Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Karaikkudi Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Thiruvarur Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Thanjavur Junction}}.<ref name="parlls">{{cite web |title=Parliamentary Debates – Official Report |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/55980/1/lsd_01_10_12-08-1955.pdf |website=Parliament of India |publisher=[[Lok Sabha]] |access-date=13 April 2020 |location=[[New Delhi]] |page=31 |date=12 August 1955 }}</ref>

==Location and layout==
The railway station is located off the Railway feeder Rd, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram. The nearest bus depot is located in [[Chidambaram]] while the nearest airport is situated {{convert|175|km}} away in [[Tiruchirapalli]].

==Lines==
The station is a focal point of the historic [[Main Line, Tamil Nadu|main line]] that connects {{stnlnk|Chennai Egmore}} with places like {{stnlnk|Thanjavur Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Nagapattinam Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Karaikudi Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Thiruvarur Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Rameswaram}}..

== Projects and development ==
It is one of the 73 stations in Tamil Nadu to be named for upgradation under ''Amrit Bharat Station Scheme'' of Indian Railways.<ref>{{cite news |title=AMRIT BHARAT STATIONS |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1897980 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=Press Information Bureau |date=10 Feb 2023 |location=New Delhi}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in/ Southern Railways - Official Website]
* {{IndiaRailInfo|6876}}
{{Railway stations in Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Trichy railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Cuddalore district]]

{{TamilNadu-railstation-stub}}

Debjit Majumder

2025-12-22T16:58:20Z

JaimieCarrigan: general update structure to improve readability and corrected details

{{Short description|Indian footballer (born 1988)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Debjit Majumder
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname = Debjit Majumder
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|03|06|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Hindmotor]], [[West Bengal]], India
| height = {{height|m=1.75}}
| position = [[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]]
| currentclub = [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| clubnumber = 24
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 = Uttarpara Netaji Brigade
| youthyears2 =
| youthclubs2 = [[Food Corporation of India FC]]
| years1 = 2008–2010
| clubs1 = [[Food Corporation of India FC|FCI FC]]
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 = 2010–2011
| clubs2 = [[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat MS]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 = 2011
| clubs3 = → [[United Sikkim FC|United Sikkim]] (loan)
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
| years4 = 2011–2012
| clubs4 = [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
| caps4 = 0
| goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2012–2014
| clubs5 = [[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]
| caps5 =
| goals5 =
| years6 = 2014–2017
| clubs6 = [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]]
| caps6 = 45
| goals6 = 0
| years7 = 2015
| clubs7 = → [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] (loan)
| caps7 = 2
| goals7 = 0
| years8 = 2016
| clubs8 = → [[ATK (football club)|ATK]] (loan)
| caps8 = 15
| goals8 = 0
| years9 = 2017–2020
| clubs9 = [[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
| caps9 = 12
| goals9 = 0
| years10 = 2019–2020
| clubs10 = → [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]] (loan)
| caps10 = 2
| goals10 = 0
| years11 = 2020–2021
| clubs11 = [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
| caps11 = 15
| goals11 = 0
| years12 = 2021–2024
| clubs12 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| caps12 = 38
| goals12 = 0
| years13 = 2024–
| clubs13 = [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| caps13 = 26
| goals13 = 0
| nationalyears1 =
| nationalteam1 =
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| club-update = 19:29, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
| ntupdate =
}}

'''Debjit Majumder''' ({{langx|bn|দেবজিৎ মজুমদার}}; born 6 March 1988) is an Indian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Goalkeeper (association football)|goalkeeper]] for [[Indian Super League]] club [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]].

==Early life and career==
Majumder hails from [[Hindmotor]], known for [[Hindustan Motors]] factory(now closed), in [[Hooghly district]]. Majumder spent early years at Uttarpara Netaji Brigade team under coach Anup Nag. He started his career at [[Calcutta Football League]] (CFL) with the [[Food Corporation of India FC]] (FCI) football team. He went on to play for teams like [[United Sikkim]] and [[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat MS]].<ref name="goal profile">{{cite web|date=30 March 2015|title=Majumder's form in goal vital for Mohun Bagan's title run-in|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2015/03/30/10298972/majumders-form-in-goal-vital-for-mohun-bagans-title-run-in|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924144501/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2015/03/30/10298972/majumders-form-in-goal-vital-for-mohun-bagans-title-run-in|archive-date=24 September 2015|access-date=30 March 2015}}</ref>

==Career==
===East Bengal===
Majumder joined [[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]] for the 2011–12 season and made 4 appearances.<ref name="goal profile"/>

===Bhawanipore===
Majumder played for [[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]] team, [[Bhawanipore F.C.]] for two seasons and the team came close to promotion during [[2014 I-League 2nd Division|2014 season]].<ref name="goal profile"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Saikat|title=Bhawanipore Club announced their team, Barreto and Lima fail fitness test|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/bhawanipore-club-announced-their-team-barreto-and-lima-fail-fitness-test|website=sportskeeda.com|publisher=[[Sportskeeda]]|date=27 July 2012|access-date=26 September 2022|archive-date=5 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105124251/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/bhawanipore-club-announced-their-team-barreto-and-lima-fail-fitness-test}}</ref>

===Mohun Bagan===
Majumder was signed as replacement keeper by [[Mohun Bagan]] in 2014, as [[Shilton Paul]] was loaned to [[Chennaiyin FC]].<ref name="goal profile"/> Majumder was awarded man of the match for his performance against [[East Bengal]] on 28 March 2015 in [[Kolkata derby]].
As a result of his stellar performances during the current season, he was selected the Best Goalkeeper of I-League 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/mohun-bagan-vs-east-bengal/1981031/report|title=Mohun Bagan 1-0 East Bengal: Debjit heroics lead Mariners to derby glory|date=28 March 2015|access-date=28 March 2015|archive-date=31 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331001528/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/mohun-bagan-vs-east-bengal/1981031/report|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015-16 I-League season, Majumder used as the number 1 goalkeeper and also played [[2016 AFC Champions League qualifying play-off|AFC Champions League Qualifier]] game against [[Tampines Rovers FC]] & [[Shandong Luneng Taishan F.C.|Shandong Luneng Taishan]]. He was also awarded the [[FPAI]] Fans Player of the Year award in the 2015-16 season.

====Mumbai City (loan)====
In July 2015 Majumder was drafted to play for [[Mumbai City FC]] in the [[2015 Indian Super League]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Noronha |first=Anselm |title=Cavin Lobo to Kerala, Keegan Pereira to Mumbai and the comprehensive Indian Super League Draft |url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2015/07/10/13460302/cavin-lobo-to-kerala-keegan-pereira-to-mumbai-and-the?ICID=SP_HN_1 |work=Goal.com |date=10 July 2015 |access-date=10 July 2015 |archive-date=24 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124162437/https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2015/07/10/13460302/cavin-lobo-to-kerala-keegan-pereira-to-mumbai-and-the?ICID=SP_HN_1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Atlético de Kolkata (loan)====
On 4 July 2016, [[Atlético de Kolkata]] confirmed that Debjit has signed on the dotted lines on loan from [[Mohun Bagan]] for third season of [[Indian Super League|Hero ISL]].<ref>http://www.indiansuperleague-news.com/indian-super-league-debjit-majumder-set-to-join-atletico-de-kolkata/{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

===ATK===
In July 2017, [[ATK (football club)|ATK]] has retained AIFF Goalkeeper of the year Debjit Majumder for 3 years.

=== East Bengal ===
In 2020, Debjit Majumder has signed for his former club East Bengal and will play in the [[2020–21 Indian Super League]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-14|title=East Bengal set to bring in former ISL winner Debjit Majumder|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2020-21-east-bengal-debjit-majumder/|access-date=2020-11-25|website=Khel Now|language=en-US|archive-date=31 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031164138/https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2020-21-east-bengal-debjit-majumder|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Chennaiyin===
He was signed by [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]] in [[2021–22 Indian Super League|2021–22 ISL]].

==Career statistics==
===Club===
{{Updated|20 April 2024}}<ref>{{Soccerway|debjit-majumder/240844}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size;"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup
!colspan="2"|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]]
|[[2014–15 I-League|2014–15]]
| rowspan="3" |[[I-League]]
|14||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||14||0
|-
|[[2015–16 Mohun Bagan AC season|2015–16]]
|14||0||1{{efn|name=FedCup|Appearance(s) in [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]}}||0||4{{efn|name=statsAFCCL|Appearance(s) in [[AFC Champions League]]}}{{efn|name=statsAFCC|Appearance(s) in [[AFC Cup]]}}||0||19||0
|-
|[[2016–17 Mohun Bagan AC season|2016–17]]
|17||0||4{{efn|name=FedCup}}||0||2{{efn|name=statsAFCC}}||0||23||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] (loan)
|[[2015 Indian Super League|2015]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Indian Super League]]
|2||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||2||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[ATK (football club)|ATK]] (loan)
|[[2016 Indian Super League|2016]]
|15||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||15||0
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
|[[2017–18 Indian Super League|2017–18]]
|12||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||12||0
|-
|[[2018–19 Indian Super League|2018–19]]
|0||0||3{{efn|name=SuperCup|Appearance(s) in [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]}}||0|| colspan="2" |—||3||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]] (loan)
|[[2019–20 I-League|2019–20]]
| rowspan="1" |I-League
|2||0||2{{efn|name=DurandCup|Appearance(s) in [[Durand Cup]]}}||0|| colspan="2" |—||4||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|[[2020–21 Indian Super League|2020–21]]
| rowspan="4" |Indian Super League
|15||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||15||0
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|[[2021–22 Indian Super League|2021–22]]
|10||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||10||0
|-
|[[2022–23 Indian Super League|2022–23]]
|9||0||4{{efn|name=DurandCup}}||0|| colspan="2" |—||13||0
|-
|{{nowrap|[[2023–24 Indian Super League|2023–24]]}}
|19||0||3{{efn|name=DurandCup}}{{efn|name=SuperCup}}||0|| colspan="2" |—||22||0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!38!!0!!7!!0!!0!!0!!45!!0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|[[2024–25 East Bengal FC season|2024–25]]
| rowspan="1" |Indian Super League
|0||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||0||0
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!129!!0!!17!!0!!6!!0!!152!!0
|}
{{notelist}}

==Honours==
'''Bhawanipore'''
* [[Bordoloi Trophy]]: 2013<ref name="Bordoloi">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiafooty.com/2014/01/10/bhawanipore-fc-won-bordoloi-trophy/|title=Bhawanipore FC Won Bordoloi Trophy|website=indiafooty.com|publisher=IndianFooty|location=Kolkata|date=10 January 2014|first=Abhishek|last=Shukla|access-date=27 September 2022|archive-date=27 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927180001/https://www.indiafooty.com/2014/01/10/bhawanipore-fc-won-bordoloi-trophy/}}</ref>
'''Mohun Bagan'''
* [[I-League]]: [[2014–15 I-League|2014–15]], [[2019–20 I-League|2019–20]]
* [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]: [[2015–16 Indian Federation Cup|2015–16]]

'''Atletico de Kolkata'''
*[[Indian Super League]]: [[2016 Indian Super League|2016]]

'''Individual'''
*[[Bordoloi Trophy]] player of the tournament: 2013<ref name="Bordoloi"/>
*Best goalkeeper of I-League: [[2014–15 I-League|2014–15]]
*Best goalkeeper of I-League: [[2016–17 I-League|2016–17]]<ref>{{cite news|title=There was little competition for the 'Best Striker Award' as Aser Pierrick Dipanda Dicka of Shillong Lajong grabbed the award|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/chhetri-voted-best-player-of-i-league-117050201030_1.html|access-date=2 May 2017|work=Business Standard|date=2 May 2017|archive-date=25 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625021517/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/chhetri-voted-best-player-of-i-league-117050201030_1.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thefangarage.com/articles/10600-sunil-chhetri-wins-the-hero-of-the-league-award|title=Chhetri, Khalid, Dipanda among others win individual I-League awards|website=thefangarage.com|publisher=The Fan Garage|date=2 May 2017|access-date=2 May 2017|archive-date=30 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630214135/https://thefangarage.com/articles/10600-sunil-chhetri-wins-the-hero-of-the-league-award}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Soccerway|debjit-majumder/240844}}

* [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/goalkeeper-19154-debjit-majumder-profile Indian Super League profile]
{{Chennaiyin FC squad}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Majumder, Debjit}}
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:I-League 2 players]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:Mohun Bagan Super Giant players]]
[[Category:Mumbai City FC players]]
[[Category:ATK (football club) players]]
[[Category:People from Hooghly district]]
[[Category:Footballers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Men's association football goalkeepers]]
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:East Bengal Club players]]
[[Category:Bhawanipore Club players]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Communist Consolidation

2025-12-16T20:43:47Z

JaimieCarrigan: expanded content

{{short description|Indian revolution organization (1935–38)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox militant organization
| name = Communist Consolidation
| native_name = कम्युनिस्ट समेकन
| leader = {{ubl|
[[Shiv Verma]]
|[[Hare Krishna Konar]]
|[[Niranjan Sengupta]]}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|1935|04|26}} at [[Cellular Jail]], [[Port Blair]], [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman]]
| dissolved = 1938
| country = [[British Raj|British India]]
| motives = [[National liberation (Marxism)|National liberation]]
| ideology = {{ubl|
[[Communism]]
|[[Marxism–Leninism]]
|[[Revolutionary socialism]]}}
| position = [[Far-left politics|Far-left]]
| slogan = {{ubl|
"[[Inquilab Zindabad]]"
|"[[Workers of the world, unite!]]"}}
| partof = {{ubl|
[[Communism in India]]
|[[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]}}
| opponents = [[British Empire]]
}}
{{Communism in India}}

'''Communist Consolidation''' (1935{{snd}}1938) was a radical [[Communism|communist]] organization, founded by the prisoners of the [[Cellular Jail]] who were influenced by the philosophy of [[Marxism]]. In the mid-1930s, it became the largest resistance group against [[British Raj|British rule]] in the jail; this organization also led the historical 36-day [[hunger strike]] in 1937, where the British government had to bow before the demands of the political prisoners and shift them to the mainland.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2007-01-13 |title=History of Andaman Cellular Jail |url=http://www.andamancellularjail.org/History.htm |access-date=2024-10-06 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070113111037/http://www.andamancellularjail.org/History.htm |archive-date=13 January 2007 }}</ref>

== History (before 1935) ==
The history of Communist Consolidation starts before its official formation in 1935. On 12 May 1933, some of the prisoners of [[Cellular Jail]] gathered and started a [[hunger strike]], causing the deaths of [[Mahavir Singh (revolutionary)|Mahavir Singh]], [[Mohan Kishore Namadas]], and [[Mohit Moitra]]. The [[British Raj]] acceded to the demands of the freedom fighters to stop the hunger strike, and finally, after 46 days, the hunger strike ended on 26 June 1933.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2007-03-11 |title=www.tripurainfo.com |url=http://tripurainfo.com/cgi-bin/news/display.cgi?MODE=ShowDetails&ID=27 |access-date=2024-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311111509/http://tripurainfo.com/cgi-bin/news/display.cgi?MODE=ShowDetails&ID=27 |archive-date=11 March 2007 }}</ref>

== Formation in 1935 ==
In 1935, Communist Consolidation was founded by 39 inmates, but the main mastermind to form this group was [[Hare Krishna Konar]]. The majority of its members belong to the minority tendency of the [[Marxism|Marxist]] and [[Communism|Communist]] or [[Jugantar]] part of [[Anushilan Samiti]]. Although this was a secret revolutionary group, the members of this organization swelled higher and higher.<ref name="majumdar">{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=Ramesh Chandra |author-link=R. C. Majumdar |title=Penal Settlement in Andamans |publisher=Government of India |year=1975 |location=Delhi |pages= |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Bejoy Kumar |author-link=Bejoy Kumar Sinha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0EpuAAAAMAAJ |title=In Andamans, the Indian Bastille |publisher=People's Publishing House |year=1988 |isbn=8170070775 |language=English}}</ref>

They started a study circle named ''"A Veritable University of Freedom Fighters"'' and this group also started to teach about the principles of [[Socialism]], [[Marxism]], and [[Communism]], explaining how the [[October Revolution]] happened, who was [[Karl Marx]] and [[Friedrich Engels]], and finally, in 1936, the members of this organization claimed that they were fighting to uproot [[British Raj]] as well as to fight for the working class and backward class people; they understood that class struggle is equally important as freedom.<ref name=":0" />

They only used the class struggle and political slogans “[[Inquilab Zindabad]]” and “[[Workers of the world, unite!|Duniya ke Mazdooron, ek ho!]]” because they claimed that at first they were [[Nationalism|nationalist]] prisoners, but after the formation of the Communist Consolidation and reading about the principals of [[Socialism]], [[Marxism]], and [[Communism]], they started believing themselves as political prisoners.<ref name="majumdar" />

== Second hunger strike ==
The long hunger strike movement in the Andamans in July and August 1937, led by the Communists, marked an important phase in India's national struggle. As nine-tenths of the total convicts in Andaman were from Bengal, the hunger strike of Andaman prisoners caused widespread outrage in Bengal, where a strong movement for the release of political prisoners began.<ref name=":1" />

== Prominent members ==


{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
! width = "200" | Name
! width =" 300" |Involved in
! Later life
|-
| [[Ambika Chakrabarty]]
| [[Chittagong armoury raid]] of the [[Jugantar|Jugantar Party]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]], became elected to the [[Bengal Legislative Assembly (1937—1947)|Bengal Legislative Assembly]], and became a Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]].
|-
| [[Ananta Singh]]
| [[Chittagong armoury raid]] of the [[Jugantar|Jugantar Party]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]]. In the late 1960s, he formed a new far-left political group, the [[Revolutionary Communist Council of India]], in [[Calcutta]], but its members committed a number of bank robberies to raise funds for the purchase of weaponry and ammunition. This time of his life is extremely controversial.
|-
| [[Bejoy Kumar Sinha]]
| [[Bhagat Singh#Delhi Assembly bombing and arrest|Lahore Conspiracy Case]] of the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]]. In 1962, he contested the election from the Kanpur constituency but got defeated in that election.
|-
| [[Ganesh Ghosh]]
| [[Chittagong armoury raid]] of the [[Jugantar|Jugantar Party]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]], during the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]], he sided with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], became the Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] and the Member of the [[4th Lok Sabha]].
|-
| [[Hare Krishna Konar]]
| Begut Robbery Case of the [[Jugantar|Jugantar Party]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]], and during the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]] he became the founding member of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], the chief architect of the West Bengal land distribution, became the [[Ministry of Land & Land Revenue (West Bengal)|Minister of Land & Land Revenue]] and the Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]].
|-
| [[Niranjan Sengupta]]
| Leader of the [[Barisal]] branch of the [[Dhaka Anushilan Samiti]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]] and became a Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] and During the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]], he sided with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and became the Minister of Refugees, Relief and Rehabilitation, and Jails, of the [[Government of West Bengal]].
|-
| [[Satish Pakrashi]]
| [[Anushilan Samiti]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]], became a member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Council]]. During the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]], he sided with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and became a member of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal]]
|-
| [[Shiv Verma]]
| [[Bhagat Singh#Delhi Assembly bombing and arrest|Lahore Conspiracy Case]] of the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]] and became Secretary of the Uttar Pradesh state committee. During the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]], he sided with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].
|-
| [[Subodh Roy]]
| [[Chittagong armoury raid]] of the [[Jugantar|Jugantar Party]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]], during the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]], he sided with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and became a member of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal]]
|-
| [[Sudhangshu Dasgupta]]
| Mechuabazar Bomb Case of the [[Anushilan Samiti]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]], later became the founder editor of the Deshhitaishee. During the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]], he sided with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and became a member of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal]], and also became a member of the state secretariat for a period.
|
|-
| [[Thakur Ram Singh (revolutionary)|Thakur Ram Singh]]
| Dogra Shooting Case, in which he killed a British Officer named Dogra
| Member of [[Bhagat Singh]]’s [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]. Later Joined the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].
|}

== See also ==
*[[Communist movements in India]]
*[[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
*[[Communist involvement in the Indian independence movement]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Portal bar|India|Communism|Socialism}}
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}

[[Category:1935 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1935]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
[[Category:Organisations of Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Communism in India]]
[[Category:Communist organisations in India]]
[[Category:Politics of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]

Human Rights Law Network

2025-12-09T11:34:11Z

JaimieCarrigan: formatting fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox organization
| image = File:HRLN logo transparent background.png
| formation = 1989
| type = Non-governmental organisation
| headquarters = New Delhi, India
| parent_organization = Socio-Legal Information Centre
| name = Human Rights Law Network
| abbreviation = HRLN
| founder = {{nowrap|[[Colin Gonsalves]]}}
| website = {{URL|www.hrln.org}}
}}
The '''Human Rights Law Network''' ('''HRLN''') is an Indian non-profit organisation founded in 1989 to protect the fundamental human rights and civil liberties of the most marginalised and vulnerable members of society. Working on the intersection of law, advocacy, policy, and education, HRLN is organised as a collective of lawyers and social activists dedicated to providing legal assistance to vulnerable and disadvantaged individuals, advocating for the implementation of structures to safeguard human rights and fight systemic oppression, and educating the public on their rights and remedies. HRLN provides pro bono legal services to marginalised groups, conducts investigations into human rights violations, and undertakes high-stakes impact litigation in service of the public interest. The organisation operates across the spectrum of public interest law, focusing specifically on [[Children's rights|children's rights]], [[Disability Rights Commission|rights of disabled persons]], rights of people living with [[HIV/AIDS]], [[prisoners' rights]], [[Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees|refugee rights]], rights of [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous people]], [[Labor rights|workers' rights]], rights of [[Minority group|minorities]], and the protection of victims of [[sexual violence]] or trafficking.

HRLN is a project of the Socio-Legal Information Centre (SLIC), a [[Nonprofit organization|non-profit]] legal aid and education organisation which provides free legal assistance to those people who lack the capacity to seek legal remedy. The SLIC files more than 100 petitions each year to protect the health, dignity, and rights of [[India]]n citizens. SLIC and HRLN are together India's largest, most active legal [[human rights]] program and [[reproductive rights]] unit.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.macfound.org/maceirecipients/69/|title=Socio Legal Information Centre — MacArthur Foundation|website=www.macfound.org|language=en|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref> SLIC is also an implementing partner of the [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11&Itemid=135|title=UNHCR - Implementing Partners|last=Admin|first=UNHCR|website=www.unhcr.org.in|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref>

==Details==
A non-profit non-governmental organization, HRLN started in 1989 as a small group of concerned lawyers and social activists from Bombay. The team was led by [[Colin Gonsalves]], a leading public interest lawyer, and now a Senior Advocate of the Supreme Court of India.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2003-10-24|title=India's Pioneer of Public Interest Law|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-307445.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329175852/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-307445.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-03-29}}</ref> Today, HRLN is considered the country's leading public interest law group and has a nationwide network of more than 200 lawyers, paralegals, and social activists spread across 26 states/Union Territories.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/india/gonsalves-fights-for-justice-for-the-poor-and-downtrodden-1.1141286|title=Gonsalves fights for justice for the poor and downtrodden|last=Correspondent|first=Nilima Pathak|date=2013-02-03|work=GulfNews|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref>

HRLN is also the parent body of the [[Indian People's Tribunal]] (IPT), also called the Indian People's Tribunal on Environmental and Human Rights or Independent People's Tribunal. Set up in June 1993, IPT is an unofficial panel led by retired judges who conduct public inquiries into human rights and environmental abuses. It provides an alternate outlet for the victims faced with official obstruction and delays in the delivery of justice. IPT conducts investigations into cases of relocation of rural people to make way for dams or parks, eviction of slum dwellers, industrial pollution and communal or state-sponsored violence.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/Indian-Peoples-Tribunal-releases-report-on-Narmada-Projects/article16266727.ece|title=Indian People's Tribunal releases report on Narmada Projects|last=Singh|first=Mahim Pratap|date=2010-06-25|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-09-16|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In 2013, HRLN was awarded the [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Award]] for Creative and Effective Institutions for its contributions to reproductive rights advocacy in India.<ref name=":0" />

==Activities==

=== Legal aid and public interest litigation ===
HRLN offers [[Pro bono|pro-bono]] legal services to those with little or no access to the justice system, and runs a helpline for people seeking such help. It also conducts [[Lawsuit|litigation]] in the public interest. Lawyers of HRLN take up cases in the lower courts as well as the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] and various state High Courts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.escr-net.org/member/human-rights-law-network-hrln|title=Human Rights Law Network (HRLN)|work=ESCR-Net|access-date=2017-09-16|language=en}}</ref>

=== Legal education ===
HRLN provides training through several avenues and also trains young lawyers.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://superlawyer.in/nivedita-guha-socio-legal-work-marg-hrln-unicef-pursuing-career-human-rights/|title=Nivedita Guha, Consultant, UNICEF, on human rights law, child protection services, and her experience – SuperLawyer – share your career experience and professional insights with law students and lawyers|last=Saraf|first=Richa|website=superlawyer.in|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-09-16|date=2014-08-21}}</ref> HRLN also periodically publishes 'know your rights' material. The group also provides opportunities for internships and scholarships and organizes country-wide seminars, workshops, and training courses, such as paralegal certificate courses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blogadda.com/bsr/Human-Rights-Law-Network/|title=Join hands with Human Rights Law Network & Blog for a purpose!|website=www.blogadda.com|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref>

=== Advocacy ===
HRLN works to increase public awareness through research and dissemination of information on violations and anti-poor policies. HRLN has formulated laws and policies against child sexual abuse, against communal crimes, and for the right to food and work.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dilseindia.org/human-rights-law-network/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916183021/http://dilseindia.org/human-rights-law-network/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=16 September 2017|title=Human Rights Law Network {{!}} dilse|website=dilseindia.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref>

=== Investigations, monitoring, and crisis response ===
HRLN conducts fact-finding missions to monitor and document cases of violations.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=69T7WohuLA8C&dq=human+rights+law+network+fact+finding&pg=PR10|title=Mirchpur Carnage: Caste Violence in Haryana|last=Bhoi|first=Sarita|date=2011|publisher=Socio Legal Information Cent|isbn=9788189479794|language=en}}</ref> It also deploys crisis-intervention teams and makes sure that these cases take the form of petitions in court.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ijme.in/articles/the-safety-of-women-health-workers-at-the-frontlines/?galley=html|title=The safety of women health workers at the frontlines {{!}} Indian Journal of Medical Ethics|website=ijme.in|language=en|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://khalracentre.org/report-of-the-fact-finding-by-human-rights-law-network-guwahati-chapter-in-the-relief-camps-and-affected-villages-of-goalpara-district/|title=Report of the Fact Finding by Human Rights Law Network, Guwahati Chapter in the Relief Camps and Affected Villages of Goalpara District : Khalra Centre for Human Rights Defenders|website=khalracentre.org|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref>

=== Publications ===
HRLN has published books on human rights, Dalit rights, refugee rights, violence against women, HIV/AIDS, trafficking, right to food, juvenile justice, domestic violence, and prisoner rights, among others.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ekqrQnLoiTIC|title=Child Marriages and the Law in India|last1=Bhat|first1=Aparna|last2=Sen|first2=Aatreyee|last3=Pradhan|first3=Uma|date=2005|publisher=Socio Legal Information Cent|isbn=9788189479022|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uOYDBdA9ueoC&dq=human+rights+law+network+book+publishing&pg=PA471|title=Supreme Court on Children|last=Walsh|first=Vincent|date=2011|publisher=Socio Legal Information Cent|isbn=9788189479725|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u007nSYmNXIC&dq=human+rights+law+network+book+publishing&pg=PR9|title=All Human Rights are Fundamental Rights|last=Suresh|first=H.|date=2010|publisher=Universal Law Publishing|isbn=9788175348301|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unilawbooks.com/law-book-details/Y2l0aXplbnMnLWd1aWRlLXRvLWNyaW1pbmFsLWxhdy0=|title=Universal Law Publishing|website=www.unilawbooks.com|language=en|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref> It also regularly produces films on human rights matters.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uOYDBdA9ueoC&dq=human+rights+law+network+film&pg=PR9|title=Supreme Court on Children|last=Walsh|first=Vincent|date=2011|publisher=Socio Legal Information Cent|isbn=9788189479725|language=en}}</ref>

==Initiatives==
* [[Children's rights]]
* [[Criminal justice|Criminal Justice]]
* [[Dalit]] Rights
* Disability Rights
* Emergency/[[Disaster]]
* Environmental Justice
* HIV / AIDS and Positive living rights
* Housing Rights
* Defend the defenders
* [[Labor rights|Labour rights]]
* Acid attack
* Anti-[[Trafficking in Persons Report|Trafficking]] and Slavery
* Women's Justice
* Reproductive Rights
* People's Health Rights
* Refugee Rights
* Right to Food
* Students for Human Rights
* Public Interest Litigation
* Sexuality Minority Rights
* [[Secularism]] and Peace
* [[Freedom of information laws by country|Right to information]]
* Prisoners' Rights

== Significant cases ==

=== Rohingya refugees deportation case ===
HRLN is involved in fighting for Rohingya refugee rights in the Supreme Court of India and Jammu and Kashmir High Court. HRLN founder Colin Gonsalves is representing 6000 Rohingya refugees in Jammu to prevent their deportation back to Myanmar, where they face persecution.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iran-daily.com/News/126282.html?catid=5&title=126282|title=Rohingya refugees in New Delhi camps face eviction threat|website=www.iran-daily.com|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/173672/refugee-policy-india/|title=Despite Claiming No Change in Policy, the Government Is Coming Down Hard on Refugees - The Wire|last=Clark|first=Meagan|website=thewire.in|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref>

=== Abortion plea for a 13-year-old pregnant rape victim ===
6 September 2017: In a landmark judgment for reproductive rights, The Supreme Court of India permitted a 13-year-old rape victim to terminate her pregnancy at 32 weeks asking "how can such a small girl become a mother" in a case filed by HRLN. Earlier, on 28 July 2017 the top court had rejected a petition, on medical grounds, filed by another 10-year-old rape victim, who sought permission to terminate her 32-week-old pregnancy, which makes this recent judgment a big step in the right direction towards upholding the reproductive rights of women. The [[Abortion in India|Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act]], 1970, does not permit abortions beyond 20 weeks of pregnancy—a law that has been criticized for affecting women who discover abnormalities in the [[foetus]] or develop complications later in their pregnancies, and rape victims—particularly underage ones.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/sc-permits-13-yr-old-rape-victim-abort-32-week-old-foetus-oldest-far/|title=SC Permits 13-Yr-Old Rape Victim To Abort 32-Week-Old Foetus, The Oldest So Far [Read Order]|last=Network|first=Live Law News|date=2017-09-06|website=www.livelaw.in|access-date=2019-06-05}}</ref>

=== ''Kedar Nath Yadav vs. State of West Bengal and Others'', 2016 ===
In this high-profile case of state acquisition of [[agricultural land]] under emergency clause for industrial projects of [[Privately held company|private companies]], HRLN in 2016 won the case on the behalf of farmers. In 2006, [[Tata Group|Tata company]] announced the setting up of a plant to manufacture its Nano 'small car' on 997 acres of land belonging to poor farmers in [[West Bengal]]'s Singur district. It This acquisition was challenged by the farmers in the Supreme Court. HRLN lawyers appeared for some of the farmers and Supreme Court in 2016 quashed the acquisition. The Supreme Court also directed that the lands be returned to the farmers and that the compensation paid to them by the company be retained by the farmers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Return-Singur-land-to-farmers-SC-orders-West-Bengal-govt./article14600055.ece|title=Return Singur land to farmers, SC orders West Bengal govt.|last=Rajagopal|first=Krishnadas|date=2016-08-31|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-09-25|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== ''Archbishop Raphael Cheenath S.V.D. vs. State of Orissa and Anr'', 2008 ===
Huge human rights violations of innocent people took place in Kandhamal district following the assassination of [[Vishva Hindu Parishad|VHP]] leader Swami Laxmanananda Saraswati where least 39 Christians were killed and 232 churches destroyed in the August 2008 violence. The Supreme Court in its judgement asked the [[Odisha]] government to re-investigate the closure of 315 cases out of the total 827 cases registered related to anti-Christian violence in Kandhamal district in 2008, and "see that the offenders are brought to book" which were earlier closed by the state police on the ground that either the offenders could not be traced or no offence was made out. The court also directed the state to pay additional compensation to the victims of the riots—Rs 3 lakh for the families of those killed in the violence.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/2008-kandhamal-violence-sc-orders-re-probe-of-315-cases-in-which-closure-reports-were-filed-2952432/|title=2008 Kandhamal violence: SC orders re-probe of 315 cases in which closure reports were filed|date=2016-08-04|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2017-09-25|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2016/aug/03/sc-orders-more-compensation-to-victims-of-kandhamal-riots-1501924.html|title=SC orders more compensation to victims of Kandhamal riots|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=2017-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1160304/jsp/odisha/story_72644.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093909/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160304/jsp/odisha/story_72644.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2016|title=Consider riot relief hike, SC tells Odisha|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2017-09-25}}</ref>

=== ''Dhal Singh Dewangan vs. State of Chhattisgarh'', 2014 ===
In a rare judgement, the Supreme Court acquitted a [[death row]] victim who was found guilty and sentenced to death by a [[trial court]] and the High Court saying the prosecution had not proved the charge against him of murdering his wife and five daughters on the basis of evidence on record. "In our view, the circumstances mentioned do not form a complete chain of evidence as not to leave any reasonable ground for the conclusion consistent with the innocence of the appellant, nor do the circumstances exclude every possible hypothesis except the guilt of the accused," the court said.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.livelaw.in/breaking-murder-wife-5-minor-kids-sc-acquits-dhal-singh-21-majority/|title=Breaking: Murder of Wife, 5 Minor Kids: SC Acquits Dhal Singh By 2:1 majority [Read Judgment] {{!}} Live Law|date=2016-09-23|work=Live Law|access-date=2017-09-25|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/sc-sets-free-chhattisgarh-death-row-convict-sentenced-to-life-imprisonment-3046856/|title=SC sets free Chhattisgarh death row convict, sentenced to life imprisonment|date=2016-09-23|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2017-09-25|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== ''Shabnam Hashmi vs. Union of India and Others'', 2005 ===
In this case argued by HLRN founder Colin Gonsalves, the Supreme Court extended the right to adopt a child to [[Muslim]]s, [[Christians]], [[Jews]], [[Parsi]]s and all other religious communities. This right had been till the judgment been restricted to [[Hindu]]s, [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] and [[Jainism|Jains]]. The court ruled that any person can adopt a child under the [[Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015|Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act]] 2000 irrespective of religion he or she follows and even if the personal laws of the particular religion do not permit it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hrln.org/hrln/child-rights/pils-a-cases/1494-supreme-court-says-prospective-parents-irrespective-of-religious-background-have-the-right-to-adopt-children.html|title=Supreme Court says prospective parents, irrespective of religious background, have the right to adopt children|last=Administrator|first=HRLN|website=www.hrln.org|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/supreme-court-gives-adoption-rights-to-muslims-181849-2014-02-19|title=Supreme Court gives adoption rights to Muslims|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref>

=== ''Occupational health and safety association vs. Union of India and Others'', 2005 ===
Colin Gonsalves represented the Occupational Health and Safety Organization in their writ petition asking the Supreme Court to issue directions to the [[Government of India|government]] to make guidelines for safety of workers from [[occupational disease]]. The Petitioner represented about 130 CoalFired [[Thermal power station|thermal power plants]] (CFTPPs) in India spread over different states, but functioning without proper occupational health services facility in place. The Supreme Court delivered a judgment that the right to health and medical care, while in service or post-retirement, is a fundamental right of a worker, and that [[right to health]] i.e. right to live in a clean, hygienic and safe environment is a right flowing from Article 21: the Protection Of Life And Personal Liberty.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hrln.org/hrln/peoples-health-rights/pils-a-cases/1484-sc-reaffirms-workers-right-to-health-and-medical-care.html|title=SC reaffirms workers Right to Health and Medical care|last=Administrator|first=HRLN|website=www.hrln.org|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref>

=== ''Sandesh Bansal vs. Union of India'', 2008 ===
Filed in 2008 by HRLN on the behalf of Sandesh Bansal, a health activist and member of the Jan Adhikaar Manch, the case sought accountability for the government's failure to respect, protect, and fulfill the rights of [[Pregnancy|pregnant women]]. The Supreme Court recognized that a woman's right to survive pregnancy and childbirth is a fundamental right protected under Article 21 of the [[Constitution of India|Indian Constitution]]. The court said, "It is the primary duty of the government to ensure that every woman survives pregnancy and child birth, for that, the State of Madhya Pradesh is under obligation to secure their life". In recognition of the fundamental nature of these rights, the Court ordered immediate implementation of the [[National Rural Health Mission]], with a focus on strengthening infrastructure, providing access to timely maternal health services, skilled personnel, effective referral and grievance redressal mechanisms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reproductiverights.org/press-room/indian-activist-sues-state-for-neglecting-maternal-mortality|title=Indian Activist Sues State for Neglecting Maternal Mortality|date=2014-02-20|website=[[Center for Reproductive Rights]]|language=en|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nazdeek.org.in/what-we-do/public-interest-litigation/|title=Public Interest Litigation « Nazdeek|website=nazdeek.org.in|language=en|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nYPuDQAAQBAJ&dq=Sandesh+Bansal+vs.+Union+of+India%2C+2008++human+rights+law+network&pg=PA418|title=Social Rights Judgments and the Politics of Compliance: Making It Stick|last1=Langford|first1=Malcolm|last2=Rodríguez-Garavito|first2=César|last3=Rossi|first3=Julieta|date=2017-03-02|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107160217|language=en}}</ref>

=== ''The National Association of the Deaf through its joint secretary and Another vs. Union of India and Another'', 2011 ===
In this landmark judgement which benefited millions of deaf people in India, the [[Delhi High Court]] permitted deaf people to take [[driving test]]s, and obtain licences if they passed. Prior to this, the Motor Vehicles Act and Rules automatically disqualified deaf persons from obtaining licences on the presumption that deaf persons would be a danger to the public. HRLN filed a public interest petition in the Delhi High Court on the behalf of the [[National Association of the Deaf (India)|National Association of the Deaf]] submitting that there was no evidence anywhere in the world to show that deaf persons would be a danger to the public, and that on the contrary, studies had shown that they were more careful drivers.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

=== ''Devika Biswas vs. Union of India'', 2012 ===
This petition was filed in response to the sterilization camp massacre in Bihar. Forced sterilizations were conducted on 53 women within a span of merely two hours. Subsequent fact-finding missions showed that the victims had not been given information about the operation, nor was their consent obtained. Their post-op conditions were not paid attention to, and they were left unattended to after the surgeries. In another instance from Chhattisgarh, 15 women died after surgeries in another sterilization "camp". In two camps, doctors used just two [[Laparoscopy|laparoscopes]] to operate on more than 30 women. Following her own investigation, the petitioner, health rights activist Devika Biswas, claimed before the Supreme Court of India (Court) that these incidents constituted a violation of the Constitution of India. The petition sought monetary compensation, directions for safety of patients, guidelines for terms of operations etc. The Supreme Court issued binding guidelines were issued for the conduct of sterilisation operations.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.escr-net.org/caselaw/2017/devika-biswas-v-union-india-others-petition-no-95-2012|title=Right to choose and refuse sterilization reaffirmed by India|work=ESCR-Net|access-date=2017-09-16|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pop.org/whos-behind-indias-barbaric-mega-sterilization-camps/|title=Who's Behind India's Barbaric Mega Sterilization Camps? – PRI|website=www.pop.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-09-16|date=2013-03-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=McBroom|first=Kerry|date=June 2016|title=Litigation as TB Rights Advocacy|journal=Health and Human Rights|volume=18|issue=1|pages=69–84|issn=1079-0969|pmc=5070681|pmid=27781000}}</ref>

=== ''Jeeja Ghosh and Another vs. Union of India and Others'' ===
Following an HRLN petition, the Supreme Court ordered [[SpiceJet]] airlines to pay Rs 10 lakh as damages to a flyer suffering from [[cerebral palsy]] who was forcibly offloaded in 2012. The bench noted that disabled flyer [[Jeeja Ghosh]] was not given "appropriate, fair and caring treatment", which she required with "due sensitivity" and the decision to de-board her was "uncalled for" and violation of "human dignity". Ghosh, a disability rights activist, was offloaded from a SpiceJet flight in February 2012 from Kolkata when she was going to attend a conference in Goa hosted by NGO ADAPT (Able Disable All People Together). The top court held that the decision to offload Ghosh was taken by the airlines "in a callous manner", without any medical advice or consideration and her condition was not such that it required any assistive devices or aids.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/living/supreme-court-disabled-persons-jeeja-ghosh-ngo-adapt-2782728.html|title=SC ruling will make airlines reconsider harassing persons with disabilities: Jeeja Ghosh|date=2016-05-16|work=Firstpost|access-date=2017-09-16|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== ''Parivartan Kendra vs. Union of India and Others'' ===
Two sisters from the [[Dalit]] community from [[Bihar]] were brutally attacked with [[Acid throwing|acid]] on 21 October 2012. One suffered burns on 28% of her body and 90% of her face, following the acid attack. Parivartan Kendra, a women's group, filed a petition with the support of HRLN seeking to ensure that acid attack survivors are properly rehabilitated and are treated with immediate care, sensitivity and skill.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.womensmediacenter.com/women-under-siege/indian-government-fails-acid-attack-survivors-activists-say|title=Indian government fails acid attack survivors, activists say - Women's Media Center|access-date=2017-09-16|language=en}}</ref>

The Supreme Court directed the Bihar government to compensate the first victim with Rs 10 Lakhs, and her sister with Rs 3 Lakhs. It also pointed out that the compensation for acid attack victims would be decided after considering the extent of their injuries. The Court additionally directed all the States and Union Territories to consider the plight of such victims and take appropriate steps regarding inclusion of their names under the disability list. In addition to fighting cases for the welfare of acid attack victims, HRLN also works extensively with and organises conferences on violence against women.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Acid-attack-survivors-fight-back/articleshow/38287733.cms|title=Acid attack survivors fight back - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-09-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Naveen Bhartiya|date=2014-11-24|title=Burning Injustice, A book on Acid Attack by HRLN|url=https://www.slideshare.net/nbhartiya/burning-injustice-a-book-on-acid-attack-by-hrln}}</ref>

=== Maharashtra chief secretary asked to pay Rs 100 crore for river pollution ===
The Supreme Court in November, 2017, ordered the Maharashtra government to pay Rs. 100 crore as compensation for the restoration of the Ulhas and Waldhuni rivers. The case pertained to the heavy pollution that was taking place in the Ulhas and Waldhuni rivers flowing through Maharashtra. Advocate Zaman Ali of the Human Rights Law Network (HRLN) appeared on behalf of the petitioner, Vanashakti Public Trust.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.magzter.com/news/697/1985/112017/kkqgb|title=Supreme court orders Maharashtra Govt to pay 100 crore in Ulhas River pollution ...}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.hrln.org Human Rights Law Network]
* [http://www.iptindia.org/ Indian Peoples Tribunal on Environmental and Human Rights]
* [http://www.newkerala.com/news/fullnews-53157.html/ HRLN demands fire safety measures in schools]

__FORCETOC__

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hrln}}
[[Category:Human rights organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Legal organisations based in India]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in India]]

Akhila Sivadas

2025-12-04T19:59:11Z

JaimieCarrigan: put up new data needs work.

{{Short description|Indian development professional}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Akhila Sivadas
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Tamil Nadu, India
| education = [[Miranda House, University of Delhi|BA (Hons), MA in History]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru University|M.Phil in Modern Indian History]]
| occupation = Development professional, researcher
| years_active = 1990s–present
| known_for = Executive Director of [[Centre for Advocacy and Research]]
}}

'''Akhila Sivadas''' is an Indian development professional and researcher specialising in communication, gender and advocacy. She has worked on initiatives related to women's rights, reproductive health, and inclusion of marginalised communities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akhila Sivadas- Read all stories from Akhila Sivadas |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/author/akhila-sivadas-101697436169170 |access-date=2025-08-19 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sivadas |first=MS Akhila |date=2023-03-12 |title=Women With Voice and Agency: The Warriors Combatting Neglected Tropical Disease |url=https://www.thequint.com/fit/neglected-tropical-disease-lymphatic-filariasis-elephantiasis-women-healthcare-india |access-date=2025-08-19 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://iaws.co.in/publication-pdf/NCF07.3-Looking_Forward_Looking_Back_(Conference_Report)_1995.pdf | page=39 | title=Looking Forward, Looking Back: In Search of Feminist Visions, Alternative Paradigms and Practices | website=iaws.co.in}}</ref> She is the executive director of Centre for Advocacy and Research, a [[Non-governmental organization|Non Governmental Organisation]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-22 |title=Akhila Sivadas |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/author/akhila-sivadas |access-date=2025-08-19 |website=Down To Earth |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Sivadas is from [[Tamil Nadu]] and resides in New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://naco.gov.in/sites/default/files/Paving%20the%20Way%20for%20an%20AIDS%2015122017.pdf | page=133 | title=National Strategic Plan for HIV/AIDS and STI 2017 – 2024 | date=December 1, 2017}}</ref> She did her BA honours and postgraduate degree, both in history, at Miranda House, New Delhi which is affiliated with University of Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akhila Sivadas_ CV |url=https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/akhila-sivadas-cv-64079357/64079357 |access-date=2025-08-19 |website=SlideShare |language=en}}</ref> Later, she completed her M.Phil in modern Indian history in 1972 at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/akhila-sivadas-79413154/?originalSubdomain=in | website=LinkedIn | title=Akhila Sivadas}}</ref>

== Career ==
Sivadas worked briefly, as a lecturer in Hyderabad in early nineties and later, joined the [[Women's Feature Service|Women’s Feature Service]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Gillian |date=2020-06-01 |title=There is no movement without media: 12 tips for successful engagement |url=https://commonwealthfoundation.com/there-is-no-movement-without-media-12-tips-for-successful-engagement/ |access-date=2025-08-19 |website=Commonwealth Foundation |language=en-GB}}</ref> In January 1992, she founded the Media Advocacy Group, within WFS, as an initiative to strengthen gender and development perspectives in the media. In 1994, the [[National Commission for Women]] commissioned her to document and publish issues concerning women and the media in a single volume.<ref>[https://cdn.ncw.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/MoM31101994S.pdf National Commission for Women - 31 October 1994 Minutes]</ref>

In 1998, Sivadas was awarded a [[MacArthur Foundation Fellow|MacArthur Foundation]] fellowship grant under its 'Population and Reproductive Health' vertical, a programme to promote the use of media for women's reproductive health initiatives in India, [[Mexico]], and [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sivadas, Akhila - MacArthur Foundation |url=https://www.macfound.org/grantee/sivadas-akhila-28022/ |access-date=2025-08-19 |website=www.macfound.org}}</ref> As part of the fellowship, she became a founding member of CFAR and has served as its executive director since its inception. The organisation works on issues of media advocacy, health and rights of marginalised communities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Wire: The Wire News India, Latest News, News from India, Politics, External Affairs, Science, Economics, Gender and Culture |url=https://thewire.in/health/women-elephantiasis-up |access-date=2025-08-19 |website=thewire.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-11-19 |title=Marginalised communities cry for dignity, respect |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/marginalised-communities-cry-for-dignity-respect/articleshow/6949314.cms |access-date=2025-08-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Also in 1998, along with media critic Shailaja Bajpai, she conducted media monitoring programme for [[UNESCO]]. The study monitored popular programmes on major TV channels in India, and the duo wrote two documents which formed the basis of a Public Hearing in [[New Delhi]]. TV producers, TV channel executives, politicians, parents, teachers, psychiatrists and the public attended the hearing, and the findings were published as a book by UNESCO.<ref>https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000126566{{Dead link | date=December 2025 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

As a researcher, she specialises in communication and worked on gender and development, and its impact on communities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us – Naz Foundation |url=https://www.nazindia.org/aboutus/ |access-date=2025-08-19 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-24 |title='Marginalised women did not avail of schemes': NGO report |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/marginalised-women-did-not-avail-of-schemes-ngo-report-4582940/ |access-date=2025-08-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> She also supported in bringing out publications on media advocacy and policy briefs on inclusivity of marginalised communities and reducing the stigma.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2020-09-06 |title=Two years since Article 377 annulment, LGBTQ community still battling prejudice |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/two-years-since-article-377-annulment-lgbtq-community-still-battling-prejudice/article32534479.ece |access-date=2025-08-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.aidsdatahub.org/sites/default/files/resource/framework-media-engagement-human-rights-sexual-orientation-gender-identity-south-asia.pdf | title=A Framework for Media Engagement on Human Rights, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in South Asia | website=www.aidsdatahub.org}}</ref> After 2000, she campaigned against sex selection for about five years and from 2005, she started work in [[Rajasthan]] to stop sex selection.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=27 November 2005 |title=1st National Bioethics Conference - Ethical challenges in health care: global context, Indian reality |url=https://ijme.in/nbc-20140321/pdf/nbc1/nbc-2005-supplement-issue.pdf |journal=Indian Journal of Medical Ethics |volume=II |issue=2005 supplement |pages=S43, S67 |via=Forum for Medical Ethics Society}}</ref> Under her, CFAR implemented the [[Avahan]] programme, the India AIDS Initiative of [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]] as a media advocacy implementing partner in six high prevalent states.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.globalhealthdelivery.org/files/ghd/files/ghd-020_avahan_at_scale.pdf | page=9 | title=The Avahan India AIDS Initiative: Managing Targeted HIV Prevention at Scale | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617071632/https://www.globalhealthdelivery.org/files/ghd/files/ghd-020_avahan_at_scale.pdf | archive-date=2024-06-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/documents/peer-led-outreach.pdf | page=30 | title=Managing HIV prevention from the ground up: Avahan's Experience with Peer Led Outreach at Scale in India | website=docs.gatesfoundation.org}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://cfar.org.in/team/akhila-sivadas/ Centre for Advocacy and Research]
* {{LinkedIn page|in/akhila-sivadas-79413154}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sivadas. Akhila}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:Indian activist journalists]]
[[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian feminists]]

Talavady taluk

2025-11-16T06:01:14Z

JaimieCarrigan: put up a entry

{{Short description|Administrative area in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
'''Talavady taluk''' is a [[taluk]] of [[Erode district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It became a separate taluk within [[Erode district]] by the [[wikt:bifurcation|bifurcation]] of [[Sathyamangalam taluk|Sathyamangalam]]on 8 March 2016 along with [[Modakurichi taluk|Modakurichi]] and [[Kodumudi taluk|Kodumudi]] taluks.

The new taluk has the control over the same geographic entity of the [[Talavady block|Talavady revenue block]], with [[Talavady]] town as its headquarters.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kodumudi, Modakurichi and Thalavadi taluks take off|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/kodumudi-modakurichi-and-thalavadi-taluks-take-off/article8329438.ece|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=17 December 2016}}</ref> The taluk falls under the [[Gobichettipalayam division|Gobichettipalayam revenue division]].

==Demographics==
According to the 2011 census, the erstwhile [[Sathyamangalam taluk]] had a population of 331,993 with 166,964 males and 165,029 females. There were 988 women for every 1,000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 60.43%. Child population in the age group below 6 years were 14,118 males and 13,561 females.<ref>{{cite web|title=Provisional Population Totals - Tamil Nadu-Census 2011|url=http://www.census.tn.nic.in/census2011data/PPT_taluk_data_final.pdf|publisher=Census Tamil Nadu|accessdate=4 July 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617095215/http://www.census.tn.nic.in/census2011data/PPT_taluk_data_final.pdf|archivedate=17 June 2013}}</ref> As of bifurcation, the present Talavady taluk has a population of ~63,399. [[Kannadigas]] are the major ethnicity in this taluk followed by [[Tamils]]. [[Lingayats|Lingayatism]] is the most followed caste/religion.

==Geography==
Even though the population is lesser in this area, the rules have been relaxed considering the welfare of tribal communities living in this inhospitable area.<ref>{{cite news|title=Creation of talavadi taluk hailed|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/creation-of-talavadi-taluk-hailed/article7609794.ece|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=3 September 2015}}</ref> Much of the area is covered by [[Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Kodumudi, Modakurichi and Thalavadi taluks take off|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/kodumudi-modakurichi-and-thalavadi-taluks-take-off/article8329438.ece|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=17 December 2016}}</ref>

==Places==
Populated places within the taluk include: [[Hasanur]], [[Talavady]], Dhimbam, [[Germalam]], Arepalayam, Talamalai, Gettavadi, Igalore, Jora Hosur, Doddagajanur, Gumatapuram, Marur, Kodipuram, Doddapuram, Dodda Mudukarai, Kalmandipuram, Erahanahalli and Thiganarai.

==See also==
*[[Gorehabba]], festival related to the deity in Karnataka, celebrated in the Gumtapuram village of Talavady taluk

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official|http://www.erode.tn.nic.in/taluk.htm}}

{{Erode district}}

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}
[[Category:Taluks of Erode district]]
[[Category:Lingayatism]]

{{Erode-geo-stub}}

Fiji Samachar

2025-10-08T04:31:25Z

JaimieCarrigan: Starting initial info basic info - done

{{Short description|Hindi-language newspaper published in Fiji}}
{{italic title}}{{Infobox newspaper
| name = Fiji Samachar फिजी समाचार
| type = Newspaper
| owners = Indian Printing and Publishing Company
| founded = 1924
| language = [[Hindi]]
| ceased_publication = 1974
| publishing_city = [[Suva]]
}}

'''''Fiji Samachar''''' (Fiji News) was a [[Hindi]] language newspaper published in [[Fiji]] from 1924 to 1974. It was published in [[Suva]] by the Indian Printing and Publishing Company and its first editor was [[Ram Singh (Fiji)|Babu Ram Singh]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kanwal |first=J. S. |title=A Hundred years of Hindi in Fiji |year=1980 |publisher=Fiji Teachers Union |location=Suva, Fiji | page= 92 }}</ref>

== History ==
The newspaper started as a bi-lingual Hindi and English Monthly newspaper but from 1935 became a weekly Hindi newspaper. The editorial committee was headed by Pandit [[Vishnu Deo]] and included Pandit [[Ami Chandra]] and Pandit [[Gopendra Narayan Pathik]], all active members of the [[Arya Samaj in Fiji]] and consequently the newspaper was seen as the mouthpiece of the Arya Samaj. In the 1930s Vishnu Deo became the editor.

The newspaper was involved in a number of controversies. In 1927, the newspaper was sued for making [[allegation]]s against some [[Indians in Fiji|Fiji Indian]] civil servants, with Ram Singh and Vishnu Deo being charged but the charges were withdrawn after a public apology arranged by [[S. B. Patel]].<ref>{{cite book| last = Sharma | first = Guru Dayal | title = Memories of Fiji: 1887 - 1987 | publisher =Guru Dayal Sharma, Suva, Fiji | date = 1987 | page = 136 }}</ref> In 1932, Deo was convicted of publishing objectionable material against the religious practices of others in the newspaper.

In early 1943, the Fiji Government suspended the publication of ''Fiji Samachar'' for six months after it published record of the meeting of Central Indian Was Committee in November 1942, in which most of the speakers took the view that [[Demographics of India|Indians]] could not be expected to enlist for the army unless they were paid the same as [[European ethnic groups|European]]s.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gillion |first=K. L. |title=The Fiji Indians: Challenge to European dominance 1920-1946 |year=1977 |publisher=Australian National University Press |location=Canberra, Australia |isbn=0-7081-1291-9| page= 178 }}</ref>

The ''Fiji Samachar'' enjoyed wide readership during the period from 1929 to 1959 when Vishnu Deo was active in politics, but lost its readers to numerous other Hindi language newspapers which began publication in the 1960s. In 1963 the newspaper was sold to S. M. Bidesi and labour problems caused it to cease publication in 1974.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1924 establishments in Fiji]]
[[Category:1974 disestablishments in Fiji]]
[[Category:Defunct newspapers published in Fiji]]
[[Category:Hindi-language newspapers published in Fiji]]
[[Category:Indian diaspora in Fiji]]
[[Category:Newspapers established in 1924]]
[[Category:Publications disestablished in 1974]]

Sri Rajangam

2025-09-14T12:15:38Z

JaimieCarrigan: put up a data.

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
'''Sri Rajangam Iyer''' (1903 - 1948) was one of the first native Indian engineering managers of the [[South Indian Railway Company]] of [[British India]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RJiMs-uDdrMC&q=sri+rajangam|title=Classified List of State Railway Establishment and Distribution Return of Establishment of All Railways|date=1936|publisher=Central Publication Branch|language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Sri Rajangam_portrait.jpg|alt=Sri Rajangam Iyer (Portrait Photograph circa 1930s)|thumb|Sri Rajangam Iyer]]

Sri Rajangam was the deputy [[Chief mechanical engineer]] of South Indian Railways (SIR).
He was the first native Indian to become the works manager of [[Golden Rock Railway Workshop]], situated in Ponmalai (Golden Rock), [[Tiruchirapalli]], Tamil Nadu.
Even his immediate successor in 1946 was a British man.

He is also credited as one of the engineering co-inventors of the water-saving [[Jaison Water Tap]].<ref name="sri_rajangam_biography">{{Cite web|url=http://ravanasamudram.com/know-your-past-generation/|title=Ravanasamudram: Know Your Past Generation - Sri Rajangam|website=ravanasamudram.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-13}}</ref>

== Major contributions and legacy ==

=== Engineering innovations ===
Together with friends such as the innovator-entrepreneur [[J.P. Subramonya Iyer]] of [[Travancore]] and engineer [[S.L. Narayanan]], he developed a water-saving tap named [[Jaison Water Tap]] that was later introduced widely across the Indian Railways.<ref name=achuth_13Jan2017>[http://www.thehindu.com/society/Innovators-and-patent-holders/article17034917.ece Innovators and patent holders], Achuthsankar S. Nair, [[The Hindu]], Thiruvananthapuram, 13 January 2017</ref>

=== Railway operations ===
* He had prepared detailed manuals on operation and crisis management in South Indian Railways.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://steamindex.com/jile/jile.htm|title=Journal of the Institution of Locomotive Engineers|website=SteamIndex |access-date=2017-12-13}}</ref> These included a paper titled ''Some factors contributing to derailments of railway rolling stock'' (Paper No. 370) published by the ''[[Journal of the Institution of Locomotive Engineers]]'' in 1937.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1937-05-01|title=Some Factors Contributing to Derailments of Railway Rolling Stock|journal=Journal of the Institution of Locomotive Engineers|first=Sri|last=Rajangam|language=en|volume=27|issue=137|pages=427–448|doi=10.1243/JILE_PROC_1937_027_027_02|issn=0534-283X}}</ref> Some of these are still being referred to by the engineering staff of [[Southern Railway zone]] of [[Indian Railways]].
* During [[WW2]], he had shown exemplary administrative skills to ensure fast repairs of locomotives and enable efficient goods transport.
* During the [[1928 South Indian railway strike]], he had ensured efficient operation of his department irrespective of several workers joining the month-long [[general strike]].<ref name="labour_monthly_1928">{{cite journal|title=South Indian Railway Strike|journal=The Labour Monthly|volume=10|issue=6|date=October 1928|pages=636–639|url=http://www.marxists.org/history/international/comintern/sections/britain/periodicals/labour_monthly/1928/10/india.htm}}</ref>

== Early years and education ==

Sri Rajangam was born as the second son of Mada Theru Manaankutty Iyer. He had six siblings, including three elder sisters, an elder brother and two younger sisters.

Rajangam studied at Ambasamudram and [[Maharaja's College, Trivandrum]] (today University College Thiruvananthapuram) and later obtained his bachelor's degree in engineering and mechanical engineering diplomas from [[College of Engineering, Guindy]] at [[Madras]] city, thereby becoming the first graduate of his family.<ref name="obituary_institution_locomotive">{{Cite journal|date=1948-03-01|title=Obituary|journal=Journal of the Institution of Locomotive Engineers|language=en|volume=38|issue=202|pages=343–347|doi=10.1243/JILE_PROC_1948_038_023_02|issn=0534-283X}}</ref>

== Professional career ==
After completing his education as a mechanical engineer, Sri Rajangam first worked for 4 years at [[Negapatam]] (Nagapattinam) at the shops (central workshop before it was moved to Trichy in 1928) there.
In 1929, he was appointed an assistant mechanical engineer. Until 1936, he served as assistant to works manager, assistant mechanical engineers in two locomotive districts and as personal assistant to the CME at Golden Rock Railway Workshop.
In 1936, he was elected as associate member of the Institution of Locomotive Engineers (ILE) and served as the honorary secretary of the South India branch for many years.
Circa 1945-1946, he was offered to head the [[Chittaranjan Locomotive Works]]. However, he could not take up the position as he developed cancer.

Since 30 March 1947, he was on sick leave (at first for a month, subsequently for another month, and so on) and remained so on medical certificate, until his death on 13 February 1948.<ref name="archive_gazette_feb1948">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gazette.1948.25|title=Gazette of India, 1948, No. 25|last=Directorate of Printing|first=Government of India|date=1948-02-28}}</ref>

In their official obituary,<ref name="obituary_institution_locomotive"/> the ILE described him as "one of the most progressive Locomotive men in India" and acknowledged his many ideas and suggestions that were incorporated in the workshops of the SIR.

== Family ==
In 1922, he married [[Lakshmi Rajangam]] (1910–2009), a famous Carnatic classical music composer, vocalist and violinist and litterateur, who was the daughter of T.S. Sankara Aiyar, Financial Commissioner, Railway Board.<ref name="thehindu_lakshmi_2016">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/feminine-prowess-in-lyric-writing/article8649728.ece|title=Feminine prowess in lyric writing|last=Krishnan|first=Lalithaa|date=2016-05-26|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-12-13|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
Lakshmi was only 12 years old at the time of their wedding, as it was common practice then.
The couple had two daughters (Saroja Krishnamurthy and Seetha Subramanian) and two sons (R.R.Sankarasubramanian aka Ramani and R.R.Balakrishnan aka Bala).<ref name="sri_rajangam_biography"/>

On 13 February 1948, at the age of 45, Sri Rajangam died due to cancer.<ref name="obituary_institution_locomotive"/><ref name="archive_gazette_feb1948"/>

After his early death, his wife Lakshmi brought up their remaining 3 young children while she worked at [[All India Radio]], [[Tiruchirappalli|Trichy]] as a Carnatic musician as well as a writer of published essays and one-act plays.<ref name="geni_Rajangam_2007">{{Cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/SRI-Rajangam/3287301|title=SRI Rajangam|language=en-US|website=www.geni.com|date=28 October 2014 |access-date=2017-12-13}}</ref><ref name="geni_lakshmi_2007">{{Cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Lakshmi-Rajangam/3280426|title=Lakshmi Rajangam|language=en-US|website=www.geni.com|access-date=2017-12-13}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers]]
* [[Frank D'Souza]]
* [[Fateh Chand Badhwar]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:Indian mechanical engineers]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]

List of wars involving the Mughal Empire

2025-08-17T22:23:46Z

JaimieCarrigan: Updated article with clearer structure

{{Short description|None}}

The [[Mughal Empire]] was an early modern empire that dominated the [[Indian subcontinent]] between 1526 and 1857 and fought a series of wars with neighbouring empires and kingdoms. The following is a list of wars involving the Mughal empire:

==List==
*[[Mughal–Rajput Wars]] (1526–1779)
*[[Mughal–Afghan Wars]] (1526–1752)
*[[Mughal–Persian Wars]] (1605–1739)
*[[Ahom–Mughal conflicts|Mughal–Ahom Wars]] (1616–1682)
*[[Dano-Mughal War (1642-1698)|Mughal–Danish East India Company Wars]] (1642–1698)
*[[Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal War|Mughal–Tibet Wars]] (1679–1684)
*[[Mughal–Maratha Wars]] (1680–1707)
*[[Anglo-Mughal War (disambiguation)|Mughal–British East India Company Wars]] (1686–1857)
*[[Mughal war of succession (disambiguation)|Mughal Civil Wars]] (1627–1720)

==See also==
*[[List of battles involving the Mughal Empire]]
*[[Anglo-Mughal War (disambiguation)|Anglo-Mughal War]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Wars involving the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Lists of wars by former country involved|Mughal Empire]]