Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Anand Vihar Terminal–Dehradun Vande Bharat Express

2023-09-25T03:36:51Z

Jaikant bhardwaj: Added information for new train

{{short description|Mini Vande Bharat Express train route in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox rail service
|color=28457D
|name=Anand Vihar Terminal–Dehradun Terminal ''Vande Bharat Express''
|logo=
|logo_width=
|image=Dehradun-Anand Vihar Vande Bharat Express.jpg
|image_width=300px
|image_alt=
|alt=
|caption=Dehradun-Anand Vihar Vande Bharat Express at [[Anand Vihar Terminal railway station|Anand Vihar Terminal]]
|type=[[Vande Bharat Express]]
|locale=[[New Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Uttarakhand]]
|first={{start date|25 May 2023|df=yes}} (Inaugural run) {{start date and age|29 May 2023|df=yes}} (Commercial run)
|last=
|operator=[[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railways (NR)]]
|ridership=
|start=[[Anand Vihar Terminal railway station|Anand Vihar Terminal]] '''(ANVT)'''
|stops=6
|end=[[Dehradun railway station|Dehradun Terminal]] '''(DDN)'''
|distance={{convert|302|km|0|abbr=on}}
|journeytime=04hrs 45mins
|frequency=Six days a week {{efn|Except Wednesdays}}
|trainnumber=22457 / 22458
|line_used=[[Delhi–Meerut–Saharanpur line]] (Anand Vihar–Saharanpur) [[Moradabad–Ambala line]] (Saharanpur–Laksar) [[Laksar-Dehradun line]]
|class=AC Chair Car, AC Executive Chair Car|seating={{Hlist|Airline style|Rotatable seats}}
|sleeping=No
|autorack=
|catering=On-board catering
|observation=Large windows in all coaches
|entertainment={{Hlist|[[Wi-Fi|On-board WiFi]]|Infotainment System|[[AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types#Indian IS 1293|Electric outlets]]|Reading light|Seat Pockets|Bottle Holder|Tray Table}}
|baggage=Overhead racks
|otherfacilities=[[Kavach (train protection system)|Kavach]]
|stock=[[Vande Bharat Express#Mini Vande Bharat services|Mini Vande Bharat 2.0]]
|gauge=[[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|Indian gauge]] {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
|el=
|speed={{cvt|64|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (Avg.) {{cvt|110|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (Max)
|trainlength={{convert|192|m|ft}} (08 coaches)
|owners=[[Indian Railways]]
|maintenance=
|map={{Anand Vihar Terminal-Dehradun VB Express Route}}
|map_state=collapsed
|electrification=[[25 kV 50 Hz AC]] Overhead line
}}
The 22457/22458 '''Anand Vihar Terminal–Dehradun Terminal ''Vande Bharat Express''''' is India's 17th [[Vande Bharat Express]] train, connecting the states of [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Uttarakhand]]. <ref name="financial-express">{{cite news |last1=Mondal |first1=Anish |title=PM Modi to flag off Uttarakhand’s 1st Vande Bharat Express on May 25 – Check routes, stoppage, and distance |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-pm-modi-to-flag-off-uttarakhands-first-vande-bharat-express-on-may-25-between-dehradun-and-delhi-check-routes-stoppage-distance-and-other-details-3099306/ |access-date=2023-05-24 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)]] |date=2023-05-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Pankul |title=Vande Bharat Express to run 6 days a week between Doon & Del's Anand Vihar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/vande-bharat-express-to-run-6-days-a-week-between-doon-dels-anand-vihar/articleshow/100462062.cms |access-date=2023-05-24 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=2023-05-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=PM Modi flags off Delhi-Dehradun Vande Bharat Express |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pm-modi-flags-off-delhi-dehradun-vande-bharat-express/article66891877.ece |access-date=2023-05-25 |work=[[The Hindu]] |agency=PTI |date=2023-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi-Dehradun Vande Bharat Express Flagged Off: Date, Train Timings, Fare Details |url=https://zeenews.india.com/railways/uttarakhand-gets-its-first-delhi-dehradun-vande-bharat-express-train-check-timings-tickets-stst-2613119.html |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>

== Overview ==
This train is operated by [[Indian Railways]], by starting the journey from Uttarakhand's [[Dehradun railway station|Dehradun Terminal]] and terminating at New Delhi's [[Anand Vihar Terminal railway station|Anand Vihar Terminal]]. It will later return to Dehradun on the same evening.<ref name="financial-express" />
== Rakes ==
It is the fifteenth [[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Second generation (Vande Bharat 2.0)|2nd Generation]] and the third '''[[Vande Bharat Express#Mini Vande Bharat services|Mini Vande Bharat 2.0 Express train]]''' which was designed and manufactured by the [[Integral Coach Factory]] at [[Perambur]], [[Chennai]] under the [[Make in India]] Initiative.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Train 18, India's Fastest, Named "Vande Bharat Express": Piyush Goyal |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/train-18-indias-fastest-named-vande-bharat-express-piyush-goyal-1983965 |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

== Coach composition ==
The 22457/22458 Anand Vihar Terminal–Dehradun Terminal Vande Bharat Express will have 7 AC Chair Car and 1 Executive Chair Cars coaches. The coaches in Aqua colour indicate AC Chair Cars and the coaches in Pink colour indicate AC Executive Chair Cars.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"
!
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |1
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |2
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:pink;" |3
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |4
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |5
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |6
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |7
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |8
|-
|'''22457'''
| rowspan="2" |[[File:BSicon_LDER.svg|22x22px]] {{pipe}} C7
| rowspan="2" |C6
| rowspan="2" |E1
| rowspan="2" |C5
| rowspan="2" |C4
| rowspan="2" |C3
| rowspan="2" |C2
| rowspan="2" |C1 {{pipe}} [[File:Loco_Icon.png|22x22px]]
|-
|'''22458'''
|}

== Service ==
The 22457/22458 Anand Vihar Terminal–Dehradun Vande Bharat Express train currently operates '''6 days''' a week, covering a distance of {{convert|302|km|0|abbr=on}} in a travel time of 4 hrs 45 mins with average speed of 64 km/h. The Maximum Permissible Speed (MPS) given is {{Cvt|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references>

== Schedule ==
The schedule of this 22457/22458 Anand Vihar Terminal–Dehradun Vande Bharat Express is given below <ref>{{cite web |title=22458 - Dehradun Anand Vihar T Vande Bharat Express |url=https://www.railyatri.in/trains/route-22458-dehradun-anand-vihar-t-vande-bharat-expres |website=RailYatri |access-date=2023-05-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=22457 - Anand Vihar T Dehradun Vande Bharat Express |url=https://www.railyatri.in/trains/route-22457-anand-vihar-t-dehradun-vande-bharat-expres |website=RailYatri |access-date=2023-05-24}}</ref>:-
{| class="wikitable" width="65%" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="5" align="center" style="background:#28457D;" |''ANVT - DDN - ANVT Vande Bharat Express''
|+
! colspan="2" |22457
! rowspan="2" |Stations
! colspan="2" |22458
|-
|'''Arrival'''
|'''Departure'''
|'''Arrival'''
|'''Departure'''
|-
| '''----'''
|17:50
|[[Anand Vihar Terminal railway station|'''Anand Vihar Terminal''']]
|11:45
| '''----'''
|-
|18:38
|18:40
|[[Meerut City railway station|Meerut City Junction]]
|10:37
|10:39
|-
|19:08
|19:10
|[[Muzaffarnagar railway station|Muzaffarnagar]]
|10:07
|10:09
|-
|19:28
|19:30
|Deoband <ref>https://www.news18.com/india/deoband-added-as-stoppage-on-dehradun-delhi-vande-bharat-on-trial-basis-8218381.html</ref>
|09:52
|09:54
|-
|19:55
|20:00
|[[Saharanpur Junction railway station|Saharanpur Junction]] ''(Reversal)''
|09:27
|09:32
|-
|20:31
|20:33
|[[Roorkee railway station|Roorkee]]
|08:49
|08:51
|-
|21:15
|21:19
|[[Haridwar Junction railway station|Haridwar Junction]]
|08:04
|08:08
|-
|22:35
| '''----'''
|[[Dehradun railway station|'''Dehradun Terminal''']]
| '''----'''
|07:00
|}

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Vande Bharat Express heading towards Dehradun.jpg|Anand Vihar Terminal–Dehradun Vande Bharat Express leaving [[Meerut City railway station|Meerut City]]
File:Dehradun Vande Bharat Express coach interior.jpg|AC Chair Car coach interior
File:Seats of Vande Bharat.jpg|Seats in AC Chair Car
File:Executive Class coach in Vande Bharat Express 01.jpg|Inside Executive Class(EC) coach
File:Anand Vihar - Dehradun Vande Bharat Express.jpg|Vande Bharat coach displaying train number and coach number on digital board
</gallery>

== See also ==

* [[Vande Bharat Express]]
* [[Gatimaan Express]]
* [[Tejas Express]]
* [[Anand Vihar Terminal railway station]]
* [[Dehradun railway station]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
<references group="" responsive="1"></references>

{{Vande Bharat Express}}

[[Category:Vande Bharat Express trains]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Higher-speed rail]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Electric multiple units of India| ]]
[[Category:Transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Transport in Dehradun]]
[[Category:Transport in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Uttarakhand]]

Delhi Cantonment–Ajmer Vande Bharat Express

2023-09-25T03:36:49Z

Jaikant bhardwaj: Added information for new train

{{short description|Vande Bharat Express train route in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}} {{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox rail service
|color=28457D
|name=Delhi Cantonment–Ajmer Junction ''Vande Bharat Express''
|logo=
|logo_width=50px
|image=Ajmer Delhi Cantt VB train 20230425 111727.jpg
|image_width=300px
|caption=This VB Express train when arriving at [[Gurgaon railway station|Gurgaon]] and heading to [[Delhi Cantonment railway station|Delhi Cantt.]]
|type=[[Vande Bharat Express]]
|locale=[[Delhi]], [[Haryana]] and [[Rajasthan]]
|first=12 April 2023 (Inaugural run) {{start date and age|df=yes|2023|04|13}} (Commercial run)
|last=
|operator=[[North Western Railway zone|North Western Railways (NWR)]]
|ridership=
|start={{stnlnk|Delhi Cantonment}} '''(DEC)'''
|stops=4
|end={{stnlnk|Ajmer Junction}} '''(AII)'''
|distance={{convert|429|km|0|abbr=on}}
|journeytime=05 hrs 15 mins
|frequency=Six days a week {{efn|Except Wednesdays}}
|trainnumber=20978 / 20977
|line_used=[[Delhi–Jaipur line|Delhi Cantt. - Jaipur]] [[Jaipur–Ahmedabad line|Jaipur–Ahmedabad (till Ajmer Junction)]]|class=AC Chair Car, AC Executive Chair Car|seating={{Hlist|Airline style|Rotatable seats}}
|sleeping=No
|autorack=
|catering=On-board catering
|observation=Large windows in all coaches
|entertainment={{Hlist|[[Wi-Fi|On-board WiFi]]|Infotainment System|[[AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types#Indian IS 1293|Electric outlets]]|Reading light|Seat Pockets|Bottle Holder|Tray Table}}
|baggage=Overhead racks
|otherfacilities=[[Kavach (train protection system)|Kavach]]
|stock=[[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Modified rakes|Vande Bharat 2.0]]
|gauge=[[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|Indian gauge]] {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
|el=
|speed={{cvt|82|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (Avg.)
|trainlength={{convert|384|m|ft}} (16 coaches)|owners=[[Indian Railways]]
|maintenance=[[North Western Railway zone|Madar Coaching Depot (Ajmer)]]
|map={{Delhi Cantonment-Ajmer VB Express Route}}
|map_state=collapsed
|electrification=[[25 kV 50 Hz AC]] Overhead line}}
The 20978/20977 '''Delhi Cantonment–Ajmer ''Vande Bharat Express''''' is India's 14th [[Vande Bharat Express]] train, connecting the states of [[New Delhi]], [[Haryana]] and [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-11 |title=Delhi-Jaipur-Ajmer Vande Bharat Express train to start regular service from Thursday in Rajasthan |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/regular-service-of-vande-bharat-in-rajasthan-to-start-from-thursday/articleshow/99392460.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-04-12 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-11 |title=Delhi-Jaipur-Ajmer Vande Bharat Express: PM Modi to launch world's first semi-high speed passenger train on OHE territory {{!}} Know all about it |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/economy/delhi-jaipur-ajmer-vande-bharat-express-pm-modi-to-launch-worlds-first-semi-high-speed-passenger-train-on-ohe-territory-know-all-about-it-article-99393186 |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi-Jaipur-Ajmer Vande Bharat Express train to cut travel time by 1 hour compared to Shatabdi Express, check route |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-delhi-jaipur-vande-bharat-express-train-to-cut-travel-time-to-just-1-hr-45-mins-check-route-ticket-price-3035632 |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

== Overview ==
This train is operated by [[Indian Railways]], connecting [[Delhi Cantonment railway station|Delhi Cantonment]], [[Gurgaon railway station|Gurgaon]], [[Rewari railway station| Rewari Jn]], [[Alwar Junction railway station|Alwar Jn]], [[Jaipur Junction railway station|Jaipur Jn]] and [[Ajmer Junction railway station|Ajmer Jn]]. It is currently operated with train numbers 20977/20978 on 6 days a week basis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-11 |title=PM to flag off Delhi-Jaipur Vande Bharat train on April 12 |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/pm-flag-delhi-jaipur-vande-bharat-train-april-12-175745 |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETInfra.com |title=PM Modi to flag off world's first semi-high-speed train on April 12 - ET Infra |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/railways/pm-modi-to-flag-off-worlds-first-semi-high-speed-train-on-april-12/99409907 |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=ETInfra.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PM Modi To Flag Off Rajasthan's 1st Vande Bharat Express Today. Check Details |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-modi-to-flag-off-jaipur-delhi-vande-bharat-express-today-check-details-timing-3940444 |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

== Rakes ==
It is the twelfth [[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Second generation (Vande Bharat 2.0)|2nd Generation Vande Bharat Express train]] and was designed and manufactured by the [[Integral Coach Factory]] (ICF) under the leadership of ''Sudhanshu Mani'' at [[Perambur]], [[Chennai]] under the [[Make in India]] initiative.

The Ajmer-Delhi Cantt. Vande Bharat Express will be the world's first semi high speed passenger train on high rise overhead electric (OHE) territory.<ref>https://www.thestatesman.com/india/pm-to-flag-off-rajasthans-first-vande-bharat-train-on-12-april-1503170984.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-14 |title=Ajmer-Delhi Vande Bharat vs Shatabdi Exp: A look at fares, stoppages,travel time |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/ajmer-delhi-vande-bharat-vs-shatabdi-express-indian-railways-a-look-at-fares-stoppages-travel-time-11681371972158.html |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

== Coach composition ==
The 20977/20978 Delhi Cantonment–Ajmer Vande Bharat Express will have 14 AC Chair Car and 2 Executive Chair Cars coaches.

The coaches in Aqua colour indicate AC Chair Cars and the coaches in Pink colour indicate AC Executive Chair Cars.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"
!
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |1
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |2
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |3
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |4
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |5
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |6
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |7
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:pink;" |8
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:pink;" |9
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |10
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |11
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |12
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |13
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |14
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |15
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:aqua;" |16
|-
|'''20978'''
|[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|22px]] {{pipe}} C14
|C13
|C12
|C11
|C10
|C9
|C8
|E2
|E1
|C7
|C6
|C5
|C4
|C3
|C2
|C1 {{pipe}} [[File:Loco Icon.png|22px]]
|-
|'''20977'''
|[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|22px]] {{pipe}} C1
|C2
|C3
|C4
|C5
|C6
|C7
|E1
|E2
|C8
|C9
|C10
|C11
|C12
|C13
|C14 {{pipe}} [[File:Loco Icon.png|22px]]
|}

== Service ==
The 20977/20978 Delhi Cantonment–Ajmer Vande Bharat Express will operate '''6 days''' a week, covering a distance of {{convert|429|km|0|abbr=on}} in a travel time of 5 hrs 15 mins with average speed of 82 km/h. The Maximum Permissible Speed (MPS) of the train is 110 km/h.{{notelist}}

== Schedule ==
The schedule of this 20977/20978 Delhi Cantonment - Ajmer Vande Bharat Express is given below:-
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" width="65%"
! colspan="5" style="background:#28457D;" align="center" |''DEC - AII - DEC Vande Bharat Express''
|+
! colspan="2" |20978
! rowspan="2" |Stations
! colspan="2" |20977
|-
|'''Arrival'''
|'''Departure'''
|'''Arrival'''
|'''Departure'''
|-
|'''----'''
|18:40
|[[Delhi Cantonment railway station|'''Delhi Cantonment''']]
|11:35
|'''----'''
|-
|18:51
|18:53
|[[Gurgaon railway station|Gurgaon]]
|11:15
|11:17
|-
|19:35
|19:37
|[[Rewari railway station|Rewari Junction]]
|10:33
|10:35
|-
|20:17
|20:19
|[[Alwar Junction railway station|Alwar Junction]]
|09:35
|09:37
|-
|22:05
|22:10
|[[Jaipur Junction railway station|Jaipur Junction]]
|07:50
|07:55
|-
|23:55
|'''----'''
|[[Ajmer Junction railway station|'''Ajmer Junction''']]
|'''----'''
|06:20
|}

== See also ==

* [[Vande Bharat Express]]
* [[Tejas Express]]
* [[Gatimaan Express]]
* [[Delhi Cantonment railway station]]
* [[Ajmer Junction railway station]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
<references group="" responsive="1"></references>
{{Vande Bharat Express}}

[[Category:Vande Bharat Express trains]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Higher-speed rail]]
[[Category:Electric multiple units of India]]
[[Category:Transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Transport in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Transport in Ajmer]]

Jagatpur Dikhatmai

2023-09-17T00:45:33Z

Jaikant bhardwaj: Started an original page.

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{distinguish|Jalalpur Dikhatmai}}
{{other uses|Jagatpur|Dikhatmai}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jagatput Dikhatmai
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.15307|N|79.27783|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mainpuri district|Mainpuri]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bhongaon]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.375
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 522
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jagatpur Dikhatmai''' ([[Devanagari]]: जगतपुर दिखतमई {{IAST|Jagatpur Dikhatmaī}}) is a village in [[Bewar, Mainpuri|Bewar]] block of [[Mainpuri district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. As of 2011, it has a population of 522, in 85 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Jagatpur Dikhatmai had a population of 522, in 85 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|200}} This population was 56.7% male (296) and 43.3% female (226). The 0-6 age group numbered 83 (44 male and 39 female), or 15.9% of the total population. 68 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 13.0% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1259/download/4050/DH_2011_0917_PART_B_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|142-3}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Jagatpur Dikhatmai as having a population of 371 people, in 59 households.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Mainpuri |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29484/download/32665/28516_1981_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|190-1}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Jagatpur Dikhatmai as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 234 people (133 male and 101 female), in 46 households and 25 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 347 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (24 - Mainpuri District) |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28772/download/31954/22833_1961_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|xcviii}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Jagatpur Dikhatmai had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village had a post office but no public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1258/download/4046/DH_2011_0917_PART_A_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|200-5}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mainpuri district}}

[[Category:Villages in Mainpuri district]]

Deepika Kumari (field hockey)

2023-09-07T11:55:48Z

Jaikant bhardwaj: Page created.

'''Deepika Kumari''' (6 December 2003<ref name="hockeyindia"/>) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] field hockey player and member of [[India women's national field hockey team|Indian women hockey team]]. She hails from Hisar, Haryana. She plays for [[Indian Oil Corporation Limited]] in the domestic hockey tournaments. She has ten caps as a Senior India player.<ref name="hockeyindia">{{Cite web |title=Deepika Profile |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/players/deepika-profile-1541 |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=Hockey India |language=en}}</ref> She plays as a forward and specialises in drag-flicks.

== Early life ==
Deepika Kumari started as wrestler and used to practice along with her brother. One day in 2012, on way to wrestling practice she picked up a hockey stick for fun and soon it became her mainstay.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |title=Deepika: Training under Rupinder at national camp will help me during Asian Games 2023 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/asian-games-2022-deepika-training-under-rupinder-national-camp-fih-junior-world-cup-india-gold-asia-cup-hangzhou/article67280339.ece |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

== Hockey career ==
Deepika made her Junior debut for the country in 2018 at the Youth Olympic Qualifiers in March 2018. Later she also took part in the Hockey women's Junior World Cup 2021 in Potchefstroom, South Africa and was part of the Indian team that won gold at the Women's Junior Asia Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |last=New |first=IANS |title=‘My father has had a few sleepless nights…’: Deepika opens up about her journey following selection in Indian squad for Asiad |url=https://bhaskarlive.in/my-father-has-had-a-few-sleepless-nights-deepika-opens-up-about-her-journey-following-selection-in-indian-squad-for-asiad/ |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=Bhaskar Live |language=en-US}}</ref> Deepika first came to limelight with a stellar performance in the 2018 Sub-Junior National Championships in her hometown Hisar, where she scored 16 goals for Haryana. Haryana went to win the Sun-Junior Nationals and Deepika was adjudged as the 'Best Player' of the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Scroll |title=Hockey Women’s Junior World Cup: All you need to know about the Indian team |url=https://scroll.in/field/1020894/hockey-womens-junior-world-cup-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-indian-team |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> Then she was called for the National camp and was selected for the Indian team for the Youth Olympic qualifier. She made her debut for Senior India in the FIH Pro League 2021-2022 held in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. In 2020, she was part of the Junior India women's tour of Chile where she played a key role in the Indian team's unbeaten run.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian hockey star Deepika: "We will do well in the Junior Asia Cup" |url=https://stick2hockey.com/indian-field-hockey-star-deepika-we-will-do-well-in-the-junior-asia-cup/ |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=Stick2Hockey |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumari, Deepika}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:Indian field hockey players]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Haryana]]

Sukhdeep Singh Chakria

2023-05-28T20:35:05Z

Jaikant bhardwaj: Created page with '{{Use dmy dates}} {{Infobox sportsperson |name = Sukhdeep Singh Bhatti <ref name="Sukhdeep Singh Chakria Boxer">{{cite Sports-Reference...'

{{short description|Indian boxer}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| image = Sukhdeep Singh Chakria Boxer.jpg
| caption =
| name = Sukhdeep Singh Bhatti
| nickname = Chakria
| nationality = Canadian
| height = 183 cm
| weight = 160 pounds
| sport = [[Boxing]]
| weight_class = [[Middleweight]]
| turnedpro = 2018
| regionals =
| show-medals = Silver medal in fxtm Limmasol boxing cup Cyprus 2013
| birth_date = {{birth-date and age|25 October 1992}}
| birth_place = [[Chakar, Punjab|Chakar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]
}}

'''Sukhdeep Singh Bhatti''' <ref>{{cite web|title=Sukhdeep in Asian boxing quarters|url=http://www.indiaboxing.in/boxerdetails.php?regno=10216 |website= India Boxing|publisher= |accessdate= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sukhdeep Singh Boxer Record|url=http://boxrec.com/en/boxer/825992 |website= Box Record|publisher= |accessdate= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=New kid in the ring|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130922/spectrum/main4.htm |website= Sports Reference|publisher= |accessdate= 22 Sep 2013}}</ref> also known as '''Sukhdeep Singh Chakria,''' is an Indo-Canadian<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canadian middleweight champion Sukhdeep 'Chakria' Singh defeats Xhuljo Vrenozi |url=https://britishboxingnews.co.uk/blogs/canadian-middleweight-champion-sukhdeep-chakria-singh-defeats-xhuljo-vrenozi |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=britishboxingnews.co.uk}}</ref> professional [[boxing|boxer]]. He is currently the IBO Asia Pacific Super Welterweight (Vacant) Champion.

He was the Gold medalist at Sahara 59th Senior Men National Boxing Championships and Super Cup Inter Zonal men National Boxing Championship at Andheri Sports Complex, [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Chakar Village Represent India in Boxing|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/chakar-village-girl-to-represent-india-in-boxing-championship/1172049/|website=Indian Express|publisher= |accessdate=21 Sep 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Title fight slated for United Boxing Promotions' first show in Brampton|url=https://www.bramptonguardian.com/whatson-story/9113496-title-fight-slated-for-united-boxing-promotions-first-show-in-brampton/|website= Brampton Guardian|publisher= |accessdate=7 Jan 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=United Boxing Promotions signs Indian prospect Sukhdeep Singh|url=https://www.boxingnews24.com/2018/02/united-boxing-promotions-signs-indian-prospect-sukhdeep-singh/|website= Boxing News 24|publisher= |accessdate=8 Feb 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= "CHAKRIA" IS THE NEW PHASE OF BOXING|url=https://thriveglobal.com/?p=371269&preview=true |website= thriveglobal.com |publisher= |accessdate=23 May 2019}}</ref>

He is currently undefeated in fifteen professional bouts, with six wins by knockout.

== Early life ==
Sukhdeep was born on 25 October 1992 in Chakar village in [[Jagraon]], [[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Campbell |first=Morgan |title=Boxer Sukhdeep Singh Bhatti fights to connect cultures and make history |url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/sports-prism/2019/09/11/boxer-sukhdeep-singh-bhatti-fights-to-connect-cultures-and-make-history.html |website= thestar.com |publisher=Toronto Star |date=11 September 2019 |accessdate=6 May 2022}}</ref>

== Career ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! width="12%" |Year
! width="50%" |League/Match
! width="12%" |Venue
! width="25%" |Result/Medal
|-
| 2011
| 18th Senior Men North India Boxing Championship at Gurgaon
| Haryana
| Silver Medal
|-
| 2011
| 5th Super Cup Inter-Zonal Men National Boxing Championship
| Maharashtra
| Gold
|-
| 2011
| Sahara 58th Senior Men National Boxing Championships
| Tamil Nadu
|
|-
| 2012
| Sahara 59th Senior Men National Boxing Championships
| Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
| Gold
|-
| 2012
| Training-cum-competition for Senior
| Dublin, Ireland
|
|-
| 2013
| FXTM International Limassol Boxing Cup
| Limassol, Cyprus
| Silver
|-
| 2013
| Asian Boxing Championships for Senior Men
| Amman, Jordan
| Participant
|-
| 2017
| [[Super Boxing League]] (Haryana Warriors)<ref>{{cite web|title=Sukhdeep Singh Chakria in Super Boxing League|url=https://www.superboxingleague.com/player/sukhdeep-singh/|website= Super Boxing League|publisher= |accessdate=}}</ref>
| India
|
|}

== Professional Matches Record ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! width="12%" |Year
! width="50%" |Opponent
! width="12%" |Venue
! width="25%" |Result/Medal
|-
| 2018
| Alejandro Garcia
| Mississauga
| {{win}}
|-
| 2018
| Abraham Medina
| Mississauga
| {{win}}
|-
| 2018
| Pablo Ezequiel Acosta
| Mississauga
| {{win}}
|-
| 2019
| Mitch Louis-Charles
| Brampton
| {{win}}
|-
| 2019 <ref>{{cite web|title=Sukhdeep Singh Looking for Definitive Victory Against Mikhail Miller|url=http://www.canadianboxiana.org/2019/05/08/i-hope-its-a-knockout-sukhdeep-singh-looking-for-definitive-victory-against-mikhail-miller/|website= Canadian Boxiana|publisher= |accessdate= 8 May 2019}}</ref>
| Mikhail Miller
| Ontario
| {{win}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakria, Sukhdeep Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Indian male boxers]]
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]
[[Category:People from Ludhiana district]]
[[Category:Boxers from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Canadian male boxers]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Canada]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Punjabi descent]]

Mahindar Pall Singh

2023-03-02T08:11:42Z

Jaikant bhardwaj:

{{Short description|Pakistani politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mahindar Pall Singh
| honorific-suffix =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| office = Member of the [[Provincial Assembly of Punjab]]
| term_start = 15 August 2018
| term end =
| constituency = Reserved seat for minorities
| nationality = Pakistani
| party = [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]]
| children =
| relations =
| term_end = 14 January 2023
}}

'''Mahindar Pall Singh''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], {{lang-ur|{{nq|مہندر پال سنگھ}}}}), also known as '''Paa Ji''',<ref name="TN"/> is a Pakistani politician who had been member of the [[Provincial Assembly of Punjab]] from August 2018 till January 2023.

==Political career==
He was elected to Provincial Assembly of Punjab on a reserved seat for minorities in [[2018 Pakistani general election]] representing [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1426620|title=ECP notifies candidates for PA reserved seats|first=The Newspaper's Staff|last=Reporter|date=13 August 2018|website=dawn.com|accessdate=15 August 2018}}</ref>

Singh belongs to the [[Sikh]] community of Pakistan. He is the second Sikh to become a member of Punjab's provincial assembly after [[Ramesh Singh Arora]], and hails from [[Nankana Sahib]] but lives in [[Multan]].
He is famous business man of Sikh community of Multan. He is elected as minority MPA in 2018 election on PTI ticket and became first Sikh MPA in Multan.<ref name="TN">{{cite news|url=https://nation.com.pk/16-Aug-2018/sikh-mpa-wants-to-promote-edu-in-s-punjab|title=Sikh MPA wants to promote education in South Punjab|work=The Nation|date=16 August 2018|accessdate=26 July 2019|first=Iftikhar|last=Alam}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Mahindar Pall}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf MPAs (Punjab)]]
[[Category:People from Nankana Sahib District]]
[[Category:Politicians from Multan]]
[[Category:Punjab MPAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Pakistani Sikhs]]

{{PunjabPK-MPA-stub}}

Buckingham Palace

2023-02-13T12:27:21Z

Jaikant bhardwaj: Wrote an insightful write-up.

{{Short description|Official London residence and principal workplace of the British monarch}}

{{Featured article}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use British English}}
{{Coord|51|30|3|N|0|8|31|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}}
[[File:Buckingham Palace aerial view 2016 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|alt=Aerial view of the palace with crowds outside celebrating Elizabeth II's official 90th birthday|Aerial view of Buckingham Palace during Queen [[Elizabeth II]]'s official 90th birthday celebrations in 2016. The principal façade, the East Front, was originally completed in 1850, and was remodelled in 1913 by [[Aston Webb]].]]

'''Buckingham Palace''' ({{IPAc-en|uk|ˈ|b|ʌ|k|ɪ|ŋ|ə|m}})<ref>{{Cite web |title=Buckingham |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/buckingham |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304010024/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/buckingham |archive-date=4 March 2021 |access-date=22 May 2021 |website=Collins Dictionary |language=en-US}}</ref> is a [[London]] royal [[official residence|residence]] and the administrative headquarters of the [[monarch of the United Kingdom]].{{efn|By tradition, the [[Court of St James's|British Royal Court]] is officially resident at [[St James's Palace]], which means that, while foreign [[ambassador]]s assuming their new position are received by the [[British sovereign]] at Buckingham Palace, they are accredited to the "Court of St James's Palace". This anomaly continues for the sake of tradition, as Buckingham Palace is to all intents and purposes the [[official residence]]. See [https://web.archive.org/web/20100529122601/http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/StJamessPalace/History.aspx History of St James's Palace] (Official website of the British Monarchy).}}<ref name="royal.uk">{{Cite web |url=https://www.royal.uk/royal-residences-buckingham-palace |title=Buckingham Palace |publisher=Royal Household |access-date=21 April 2016 |archive-date=9 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509132429/https://www.royal.uk/royal-residences-buckingham-palace |url-status=live }}</ref> Located in the [[City of Westminster]], the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the [[British people]] at times of national rejoicing and mourning.

Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large [[townhouse (Great Britain)|townhouse]] built for the [[John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby|Duke of Buckingham]] in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by [[George III|King George III]] in 1761 as a private residence for [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Queen Charlotte]] and became known as The Queen's House. During the 19th century it was enlarged by architects [[John Nash (architect)|John Nash]] and [[Edward Blore]], who constructed three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of [[Queen Victoria]] in 1837.

The last major structural additions were made in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the East Front, which contains the well-known balcony on which the [[British royal family|royal family]] traditionally appears to greet crowds. A German bomb destroyed the palace chapel during the [[Second World War]]; the [[Queen's Gallery]] was built on the site and opened to the public in 1962 to exhibit works of art from the [[Royal Collection]].

The original early-19th-century interior designs, many of which survive, include widespread use of brightly coloured [[scagliola]] and blue and pink [[Lapis lazuli|lapis]], on the advice of [[Charles Long, 1st Baron Farnborough|Sir Charles Long]]. King [[Edward VII]] oversaw a partial redecoration in a [[Belle Époque]] cream and gold colour scheme. Many smaller reception rooms are furnished in the Chinese [[Chinoiserie|regency]] style with furniture and fittings brought from the [[Royal Pavilion]] at [[Brighton]] and from [[Carlton House]]. The palace has 775 rooms, and [[Garden at Buckingham Palace|the garden]] is the largest private garden in London. The state rooms, used for official and state entertaining, are open to the public each year for most of August and September and on some days in winter and spring.

==History==

===Pre-1624===
In the [[Middle Ages]], the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called [[Eia]]). The marshy ground was watered by the river [[Tyburn (stream)|Tyburn]], which still flows below the courtyard and south wing of the palace.<ref>Goring, p. 15.</ref> Where the river was fordable (at Cow Ford), the village of Eye Cross grew. Ownership of the site changed hands many times; owners included [[Edward the Confessor]] and [[Edith of Wessex]] in late Saxon times, and, after the [[Norman conquest of England|Norman Conquest]], [[William the Conqueror]]. William gave the site to [[Geoffrey de Mandeville (11th century)|Geoffrey de Mandeville]], who bequeathed it to the monks of [[Westminster Abbey]].{{efn|The topography of the site and its ownership are dealt with in Wright, chapters 1–4.}}

In 1531, [[Henry VIII]] acquired the Hospital of St James, which became [[St James's Palace]],<ref>Goring, p. 28.</ref> from [[Eton College]], and in 1536 he took the Manor of Ebury from Westminster Abbey.<ref>Goring, p. 18.</ref> These transfers brought the site of Buckingham Palace back into royal hands for the first time since William the Conqueror had given it away almost 500 years earlier.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Grosvenor Estate in Mayfair |work=[[Survey of London]] |publisher=London County Council |year=1977 |volume=39 |pages=1–5 |chapter=Chapter 1: The Acquisition of the Estate |access-date=3 February 2009 |chapter-url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=41820 |archive-date=13 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213074652/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=41820 |url-status=live }}</ref> Various owners leased it from royal landlords, and the [[Freehold (law)|freehold]] was the subject of frenzied speculation during the 17th century. By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long since fallen into decay, and the area was mostly wasteland.<ref>Wright, pp. 76–78.</ref> Needing money, [[James VI and I]] sold off part of the Crown freehold but retained part of the site on which he established a {{convert|4|acre|adj=on|spell=in}} mulberry garden for the production of silk. (This is at the north-west corner of today's palace.)<ref>Goring, pp. 31, 36.</ref> [[Clement Walker]] in ''Anarchia Anglicana'' (1649) refers to "new-erected sodoms and spintries at the Mulberry Garden at S. James's"; this suggests it may have been a place of debauchery. Eventually, in the late 17th century, the freehold was inherited from the property tycoon Sir [[Hugh Audley]] by the great heiress Mary Davies.{{efn|Audley and Davies were key figures in the development of Ebury Manor and also the Grosvenor Estate (see [[dukes of Westminster]]), which still exists today. They are remembered in the street names North Audley Street, [[South Audley Street]], and Davies Street, all in [[Mayfair]].}}

===First houses on the site (1624–1761)===
[[File:Buckingham House 1710.jpeg|thumb|upright=1.2|Engraving of Buckingham House, {{c.|1710}}]]
Possibly the first house erected within the site was that of Sir William Blake, around 1624.<ref>Wright, p. 83.</ref> The next owner was [[George Goring, 1st Earl of Norwich|Lord Goring]], who from 1633 extended Blake's house, which came to be known as Goring House, and developed much of today's garden, then known as Goring Great Garden.<ref>Goring, Chapter V</ref><ref name="Harris, p.21">Harris, p. 21.</ref> He did not, however, obtain the freehold interest in the mulberry garden. Unbeknown to Goring, in 1640 the document "failed to pass the [[Great Seal of the Realm|Great Seal]] before [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] fled London, which it needed to do for legal execution".<ref>Wright, p. 96.</ref> It was this critical omission that would help the British royal family regain the freehold under [[George III]].<ref>Goring, p. 62.</ref> When the improvident Goring defaulted on his rents,<ref>Goring, p. 58.</ref> [[Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington]] was able to purchase the lease of Goring House and he was occupying it when it burned down in 1674,<ref name="Harris, p.21" /> following which he constructed Arlington House on the site – the location of the southern wing of today's palace – the next year.<ref name="Harris, p.21"/> In 1698, [[John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby|John Sheffield]] acquired the lease. He later became the first [[Duke of Buckingham and Normanby]].<ref name="who built">{{Cite web |url=https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/buckinghampalace/about/who-built-the-palace |title=Who built Buckingham Palace? |publisher=Royal Collection Trust |access-date=8 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624153126/https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/buckinghampalace/about/who-built-the-palace |archive-date=24 June 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Buckingham House''' was built for Sheffield in 1703 to the design of [[William Winde]]. The style chosen was of a large, three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings.<ref name="harris22">Harris, p. 22.</ref> It was eventually sold by Buckingham's illegitimate son, [[Sir Charles Herbert Sheffield, 1st Baronet|Sir Charles Sheffield]], in 1761<ref name="rob14">Robinson, p. 14.</ref> to George III for £21,000.<ref>Mackenzie, p. 12 and Nash, p. 18.</ref>{{efn|The purchase price is given by Wright p. 142 as £28,000.}} Sheffield's [[leasehold]] on the mulberry garden site, the freehold of which was still owned by the royal family, was due to expire in 1774.<ref>Mackenzie, p. 12.</ref>

===From Queen's House to palace (1761–1837)===
{{anchor|Queen's House}}
[[File:Buckingham House, East Front, by William Westall, 1819 - royal coll 922137 257059 ORI 0.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The house in 1819, by [[William Westall]]]]
Under the new royal ownership, the building was originally intended as a private retreat for [[Queen Charlotte]], and was accordingly known as '''The Queen's House'''. Remodelling of the structure began in 1762.<ref>Harris, p. 24.</ref> In 1775, an Act of Parliament settled the property on Queen Charlotte, in exchange for her rights to nearby [[Somerset House]],<ref name="Old and New">{{Cite book |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45183 |title=Old and New London |publisher=Cassell, Petter & Galpin |year=1878 |volume=4 |pages=61–74 |access-date=3 February 2009 |archive-date=8 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008025710/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45183 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{efn|The tradition persists of foreign ambassadors being formally accredited to "the [[Court of St James's]]", even though it is at Buckingham Palace that they present their credentials and staff to the monarch upon their appointment.}} and 14 of her 15 children were born there. Some furnishings were transferred from [[Carlton House]] and others had been bought in France after the [[French Revolution]]<ref>Jones, p. 42.</ref> of 1789. While [[St James's Palace]] remained the official and ceremonial royal residence,<ref name="Old and New"/> the name "Buckingham-palace" was used from at least 1791.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Zg-AAAAYAAJ |title=The Annual Register |year=1791 |editor-last=Burke |editor-first=Edmund |page=8 |quote=Buckingham-palace was the dwelling house of the king. |access-date=25 September 2016}}</ref> After his accession to the throne in 1820, [[George IV]] continued the renovation intending to create a small, comfortable home. However, in 1826, while the work was in progress, the King decided to modify the house into a palace with the help of his architect [[John Nash (architect)|John Nash]].<ref>Harris, pp. 30–31.</ref> The external façade was designed, keeping in mind the [[Neoclassicism in France#Architecture|French neoclassical]] influence preferred by George IV. The cost of the renovations grew dramatically, and by 1829 the extravagance of Nash's designs resulted in his removal as the architect. On the death of George IV in 1830, his younger brother [[William IV]] hired [[Edward Blore]] to finish the work.<ref>Harris, p. 33.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/BuckinghamPalace/History.aspx |title=The Royal Residences > Buckingham Palace > History |publisher=www.royal.gov.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328161802/http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/BuckinghamPalace/History.aspx |archive-date=28 March 2010}}</ref> William never moved into the palace. After the [[Palace of Westminster]] was destroyed by fire in 1834, he offered to convert Buckingham Palace into a new Houses of Parliament, but his offer was declined.<ref>{{Cite book |title=King William IV |last=Ziegler, Philip |author-link=Philip Ziegler |publisher=Collins |year=1971 |isbn=978-0-00-211934-4 |page=280}}</ref>

===Queen Victoria (1837–1901)===
[[File:Buckingham Palace engraved by J.Woods after Hablot Browne & R.Garland publ 1837 edited.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Buckingham Palace c. 1837, showing [[Marble Arch]] at left, a ceremonial entrance. It was moved next to [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]] to make way for the new east wing in 1847.]]
Buckingham Palace became the principal royal residence in 1837, on the accession of Queen Victoria,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/BuckinghamPalace/BuckinghamPalace.aspx |title=The Royal Residences > Buckingham Palace |publisher=www.royal.gov.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327220845/http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/BuckinghamPalace/BuckinghamPalace.aspx |archive-date=27 March 2010}}</ref> who was the first monarch to reside there; her predecessor William IV had died before its completion.<ref>Hedley, p. 10.</ref> While the [[state room]]s were a riot of [[Gilding|gilt]] and colour, the necessities of the new palace were somewhat less luxurious. It was reported the chimneys smoked so much that the fires had to be allowed to die down, and consequently the palace was often cold.<ref name="ws249">Woodham-Smith, p. 249.</ref> Ventilation was so bad that the interior smelled, and when it was decided to install gas lamps, there was a serious worry about the build-up of gas on the lower floors. It was also said that the staff were lax and lazy and the palace was dirty.<ref name="ws249"/> Following the Queen's marriage in 1840, her husband, [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]], concerned himself with a reorganisation of the [[Royal Household|household]] offices and staff, and with addressing the design faults of the palace.<ref name="Rappaport">Rappaport, p. 84.</ref> By the end of 1840, all the problems had been rectified. However, the builders were to return within a decade.<ref name="Rappaport">Rappaport, p. 84.</ref>

By 1847, the couple had found the palace too small for court life and their growing family<ref>Harris, de Bellaigue & Miller, p. 33.</ref> and a new wing, designed by Edward Blore, was built by [[Thomas Cubitt]],<ref>''Holland & Hannen and Cubitts – The Inception and Development of a Great Building Firm'', published 1920, p. 35.</ref> enclosing the central quadrangle. The large East Front, facing [[The Mall, London|The Mall]], is today the "public face" of Buckingham Palace and contains the balcony from which the [[British royal family|royal family]] acknowledge the crowds on momentous occasions and after the annual [[Trooping the Colour]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.historyextra.com/article/feature/history-buckingham-palace-balcony-appearance-focal-point-national-celebration |title=Buckingham Palace's balcony: a focal point for national celebration |last=Owens |first=Ed |publisher=Immediate Media/BBC |access-date=12 June 2017 |archive-date=22 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522124727/http://www.historyextra.com/article/feature/history-buckingham-palace-balcony-appearance-focal-point-national-celebration |url-status=live }}</ref> The ballroom wing and a further suite of state rooms were also built in this period, designed by Nash's student Sir [[James Pennethorne]].<ref name="Twilight">King, p. 217.</ref> Before Prince Albert's death, the palace was frequently the scene of musical entertainments,<ref>Hedley, p. 19.</ref> and the most celebrated contemporary musicians entertained at Buckingham Palace. The composer [[Felix Mendelssohn]] is known to have played there on three occasions.<ref>Healey, pp. 137–138.</ref> [[Johann Strauss II]] and his orchestra played there when in England.<ref>Healey, p. 122.</ref> Under Victoria, Buckingham Palace was frequently the scene of lavish costume balls, in addition to the usual royal ceremonies, investitures and presentations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/buckinghampalace/about/who-has-lived-at-the-palace |title=Who has lived at Buckingham Palace? |publisher=Royal Collection Trust |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623215833/https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/buckinghampalace/about/who-has-lived-at-the-palace |archive-date=23 June 2017 |access-date=12 June 2017}}</ref>

Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at [[Windsor Castle]], [[Balmoral Castle]] and [[Osborne House]]. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: "These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business."<ref name="Gardiner2006">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dipe9nVHV3cC&pg=PA142 |title=The Victorians: An Age in Retrospect |last=John Gardiner |publisher=A&C Black |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-85285-560-4 |page=142}}</ref> Eventually, public opinion persuaded the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year.<ref name="rob9">Robinson, p. 9.</ref>

===Early 20th century (1901–1945)===
{{multiple image
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| footer = The east wing public façade, enclosing the courtyard, was built between 1847 and 1850; it was remodelled to its present form in 1913.
| align = right
| image1 = 1910_Buckingham_Palace.png
| image2 = Buckingham Palace from side, London, UK - Diliff.jpg
}}
In 1901, the new king, [[Edward VII]], began redecorating the palace. The King and his wife, [[Queen Alexandra]], had always been at the forefront of London high society, and their friends, known as "the [[Marlborough House]] Set", were considered to be the most eminent and fashionable of the age. Buckingham Palace—the Ballroom, Grand Entrance, Marble Hall, Grand Staircase, vestibules and galleries were redecorated in the [[Belle Époque]] cream and gold colour scheme they retain today—once again became a setting for entertaining on a majestic scale but leaving some to feel Edward's heavy redecorations were at odds with Nash's original work.<ref>Robinson (Page 9) asserts that the decorations, including plaster swags and other decorative motifs, are "finicky" and "at odds with Nash's original detailing".</ref>

The last major building work took place during the reign of [[George V]] when, in 1913, Sir [[Aston Webb]] redesigned Blore's 1850 East Front to resemble in part [[Giacomo Leoni]]'s [[Lyme Park]] in Cheshire. This new refaced principal façade (of [[Portland stone]]) was designed to be the backdrop to the [[Victoria Memorial, London|Victoria Memorial]], a large memorial statue of Queen Victoria created by sculptor Sir [[Thomas Brock]], erected outside the main gates on a surround constructed by architect Sir Aston Webb.<ref>Harris, p. 34.</ref> George V, who had succeeded Edward VII in 1910, had a more serious personality than his father; greater emphasis was now placed on official entertainment and royal duties than on lavish parties.<ref>Healey, p. 185.</ref> He arranged a series of [[Royal Command Performance|command performances]] featuring jazz musicians such as the [[Original Dixieland Jazz Band]] (1919; the first jazz performance for a head of state), [[Sidney Bechet]] and [[Louis Armstrong]] (1932), which earned the palace a nomination in 2009 for a [[Brecon Jazz Festival#(Kind of) Blue Plaque|(Kind of) Blue Plaque]] by the [[Brecon Jazz Festival]] as one of the venues making the greatest contribution to jazz music in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23727267-buckingham-palace-hits-right-note-with-jazz-fans.do |title=Buckingham Palace hits right note with jazz fans |work=London Evening Standard |access-date=11 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100426000757/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23727267-buckingham-palace-hits-right-note-with-jazz-fans.do |archive-date=26 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/aug/03/buckingham-palace-jazz-plaque-brecon |title=By royal approval: Buckingham Palace's place in jazz history |last=Stephen Bates |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=11 August 2010 |location=London |archive-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715015559/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/aug/03/buckingham-palace-jazz-plaque-brecon |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the [[First World War]], which lasted from 1914 until 1918, the palace escaped unscathed. Its more valuable contents were evacuated to Windsor, but the royal family remained in residence. The King imposed [[Rationing in the United Kingdom|rationing]] at the palace, much to the dismay of his guests and household.<ref>{{Cite book |title=King George V |last=Rose |first=Kenneth |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-297-78245-2 |location=London |pages=176–177 |author-link=Kenneth Rose}}</ref> To the King's later regret, [[David Lloyd George]] persuaded him to go further and ostentatiously lock the wine cellars and refrain from alcohol, to set a good example to the supposedly inebriated working class. The workers continued to imbibe, and the King was left unhappy at his enforced abstinence.<ref>Rose, pp. 178–179.</ref>

George V's wife, [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]], was a connoisseur of the arts and took a keen interest in the Royal Collection of furniture and art, both restoring and adding to it. Queen Mary also had many new fixtures and fittings installed, such as the pair of marble [[Empire style|Empire-style]] chimneypieces by [[Benjamin Vulliamy]], dating from 1810, which the Queen had installed in the ground floor Bow Room, the huge low room at the centre of the garden façade. Queen Mary was also responsible for the decoration of the Blue Drawing Room.<ref>Healey pp. 221–222.</ref> This room, {{convert|69|ft|m|abbr=off}} long, previously known as the South Drawing Room, has a ceiling designed by Nash, coffered with huge gilt console brackets.<ref>Harris, p. 63.</ref> In 1938, the northwest pavilion, designed by Nash as a conservatory, was converted into a swimming pool.<ref>Allison and Riddell, p. 69.</ref>

====Second World War====
{{ external media| float=right| width=230px|video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxbV8EcaSkk Buckingham Palace Bombed (1940)] – Newsreel of damage to the palace and chapel (1:08)}}
During the [[Second World War]], which broke out in 1939, the palace was bombed nine times.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/exhibitions/letter-from-queen-elizabeth-to-queen-mary-describing-the-bombing-of-buckingham-palace-13 |title=Letter from Queen Elizabeth to Queen Mary describing the bombing of Buckingham Palace, 13 September 1940 |publisher=Royal Collection Trust |access-date=31 March 2016 |archive-date=10 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410024430/https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/exhibitions/letter-from-queen-elizabeth-to-queen-mary-describing-the-bombing-of-buckingham-palace-13 |url-status=live }}</ref> The most serious and publicised incident destroyed the palace chapel in 1940. This event was shown in cinemas throughout the United Kingdom to show the common suffering of the rich and poor. One bomb fell in the palace quadrangle while [[George VI]] and [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Queen Elizabeth]] (the future Queen Mother) were in the palace, and many windows were blown in and the chapel destroyed.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Royal Feud |last=Thornton |first=Michael |publisher=M. Joseph |year=1984 |page=216}}</ref> Wartime coverage of such incidents was severely restricted, however. The King and Queen were filmed inspecting their bombed home; it was at this time the Queen famously declared: "I'm glad we have been bombed. Now I can look the [[East End]] in the face".<ref name=Luftwaffe>{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/sep/13/queen-mother-biography-shawcross-luftwaffe |work= The Guardian |title= How the Luftwaffe bombed the palace, in the Queen Mother's own words |author= Davies, Caroline |access-date= 10 March 2021 |archive-date= 17 April 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210417091423/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/sep/13/queen-mother-biography-shawcross-luftwaffe |url-status= live }}</ref> The royal family were seen as sharing their subjects' hardship, as ''[[The Sunday Graphic]]'' reported:
{{blockquote|By the Editor: The King and Queen have endured the ordeal which has come to their subjects. For the second time a German bomber has tried to bring death and destruction to the home of Their Majesties ... When this war is over the common danger which King George and Queen Elizabeth have shared with their people will be a cherished memory and an inspiration through the years.<ref>''[[The Sunday Graphic]]'', 18 September 1939, p. 1.</ref>}}
On 15 September 1940, known as [[Battle of Britain Day]], an RAF pilot, [[Ray Holmes]] of [[No. 504 Squadron RAF]] rammed a German [[Dornier Do 17]] bomber he believed was going to bomb the Palace. Holmes had run out of ammunition and made the quick decision to ram it. Holmes bailed out and the aircraft crashed into the forecourt of [[London Victoria station]].<ref>Price, Alfred. ''The Battle of Britain Day'', Greenhill Books, London, 1990, pp. 49–50 and [[Stephen Bungay]], ''The Most Dangerous Enemy: A History of the Battle of Britain''. Aurum Press, London, 2000, p. 325.</ref> The bomber's engine was later exhibited at the [[Imperial War Museum]] in London. The British pilot became a [[King's Messenger]] after the war and died at the age of 90 in 2005.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/leicestershire/4398484.stm |title=Pilot who 'saved Palace' honoured |work=BBC News |access-date=18 March 2009 |archive-date=7 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207152854/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/leicestershire/4398484.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> On [[VE Day]]—8 May 1945—the palace was the centre of British celebrations. The King, the Queen, [[Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth]] (the future queen) and [[Princess Margaret]] appeared on the balcony, with the palace's blacked-out windows behind them, to cheers from a vast crowd in The Mall.<ref>{{Cite web |title=On This Day: 8 May: 1945: Rejoicing at end of war in Europe |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/8/newsid_3580000/3580163.stm |publisher=BBC News |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref> The damaged Palace was carefully restored after the war by John [[Mowlem]] & Co.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1351908/Sir-Edgar-Beck.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1351908/Sir-Edgar-Beck.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Sir Edgar Beck |work=The Telegraph |access-date=5 June 2012 |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

===Mid 20th century to present day===
[[File:Victoria Memorial from within Buckingham Palace.jpg|thumb|The [[Victoria Memorial, London|Victoria Memorial]] during a dress rehearsal for [[Trooping the Colour]] in 2015, seen from within the Palace]]
Many of the palace's contents are part of the Royal Collection, held in trust by [[King Charles III]]; they can, on occasion, be viewed by the public at the [[Queen's Gallery]], near the Royal Mews. The purpose-built gallery opened in 1962 and displays a changing selection of items from the collection.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/about |title=About the Royal Collection |publisher=[[Royal Collection Trust]] |access-date=8 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620184509/https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/about |archive-date=20 June 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It occupies the site of the chapel that was destroyed in the Second World War.<ref name="who built"/> The palace was designated a Grade I [[listed building]] in 1970.<ref name="NHLE">{{National Heritage List for England| num=1239087 |desc=Buckingham Palace |grade=I |access-date=18 November 2016}}</ref> Its state rooms have been open to the public during August and September and on some dates throughout the year since 1993. The money raised in entry fees was originally put towards the rebuilding of Windsor Castle after the [[1992 Windsor Castle fire|1992 fire]] devastated many of its staterooms.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/31069.stm |title=Windsor Castle – five years from disaster to triumph |access-date=8 March 2016 |publisher=BBC |archive-date=2 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402101032/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/31069.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> In the year to 31 March 2017, 580,000 people visited the palace, and 154,000 visited the gallery.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/02778486/filing-history |title=Full accounts made up to 31 March 2017 |last=Royal Collection Enterprises Limited |publisher=Companies House |page=3 |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=7 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207005607/https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/02778486/filing-history |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2004, the palace attempted to claim money from the community energy fund to heat Buckingham Palace, but the claim was rejected due to fear of public backlash.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gabbatt |first=Adam |title=Queen asked for poverty grant to heat palaces |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/sep/24/queen-poverty-grant-buckingham-palace |access-date=6 May 2023}}</ref>

The palace used to [[Racial segregation in the United Kingdom|racially segregate]] staff. In 1968, [[Charles Tryon, 2nd Baron Tryon]], acting as treasurer to [[Queen Elizabeth II]], sought to exempt Buckingham Palace from full application of the [[Race Relations Act 1968]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last1=Pegg |first1=David |last2=Evans |first2=Rob |title=Buckingham Palace banned ethnic minorities from office roles, papers reveal |url=http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/jun/02/buckingham-palace-banned-ethnic-minorities-from-office-roles-papers-reveal |access-date=15 March 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310121328/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/jun/02/buckingham-palace-banned-ethnic-minorities-from-office-roles-papers-reveal |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite magazine |last=Vanderhoof |first=Erin |title=Why the Scandal Around Buckingham Palace's Racist 1960s Hiring Policy Still Resonates |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2021/06/buckingham-palace-racist-1960s-hiring-policy-scandal |access-date=15 March 2022 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=23 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023121337/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2021/06/buckingham-palace-racist-1960s-hiring-policy-scandal |url-status=live }}</ref> He stated that the palace did not hire people of colour for clerical jobs, only as domestic servants. He arranged with Civil servants for an exemption that meant that complaints of racism against the royal household would be sent directly to the [[Home Secretary]] and kept out of the legal system.<ref name=":2" />

The palace, like Windsor Castle, is owned by the reigning monarch in right of [[the Crown]]. Occupied royal palaces are not part of the [[Crown Estate]],<ref>{{cite book|title=The Management of the Crown Estate: Eighth Report of Session 2009–10|page=30|year=2010|volume=1|author=House of Commons Treasury Committee|publisher=Stationery Office|isbn=9780215553225|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2I2nYZ-VJgMC|quote=Windsor Castle is an occupied Royal Palace and therefore not part of the Crown Estate.|access-date=6 February 2021|archive-date=29 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929153341/https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_management_of_the_Crown_Estate/2I2nYZ-VJgMC|url-status=live}}</ref> nor are they the monarch's personal property, unlike [[Sandringham House]] and [[Balmoral Castle]].<ref>{{Cite Hansard |jurisdiction=United Kingdom |house=House of Commons |title=Royal Property |url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1995/jan/16/royal-property#S6CV0252P0_19950116_CWA_187 |volume=252 |column=301W }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625104558/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1995/jan/16/royal-property#S6CV0252P0_19950116_CWA_187 }}</ref> The [[Government of the United Kingdom]] is responsible for maintaining the palace in exchange for the profits made by the Crown Estate.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/leg_sovereign_grant_faq.htm |title=Sovereign Grant Act: frequently asked questions relating to the Act and on general issues |last=HM Treasury |publisher=The National Archives |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130129110402/http:/www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/leg_sovereign_grant_faq.htm |archive-date=29 January 2013 |access-date=22 May 2016}}</ref> In 2015, the State Dining Room was closed for a year and a half because its ceiling had become potentially dangerous.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/emergency-repair-work-to-buckingham-palace's-state-dining-room-nears-completion|title=Emergency repair work to Buckingham Palace's State Dining Room nears completion|first=Martin |last=Bailey|access-date=8 March 2021|website=The Art Newspaper}}</ref> A 10-year schedule of maintenance work, including new plumbing, wiring, boilers and radiators, and the installation of solar panels on the roof, has been estimated to cost £369 million and was approved by the prime minister in November 2016. It will be funded by a temporary increase in the [[Sovereign Grant]] paid from the income of the Crown Estate and is intended to extend the building's working life by at least 50 years.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/11/18/buckingham-palace-to-get-369m-facelift-over-10-years/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/11/18/buckingham-palace-to-get-369m-facelift-over-10-years/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Queen to remain in residence as Buckingham Palace gets £369m taxpayer-funded facelift to avert 'catastrophic building failure' |last=Gordon Rayner |work=The Telegraph |access-date=18 November 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-38025513 |title=Buckingham Palace to get £369m refurbishment |work=BBC News |access-date=18 November 2016 |archive-date=18 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118120956/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-38025513 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2017, the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] backed funding for the project by 464 votes to 56.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-39280770 |title=Buckingham Palace repairs funding approved by MPs |work=BBC News |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=22 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122194237/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-39280770 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Buckingham Palace is a symbol and home of the British monarchy, an art gallery and a tourist attraction. Behind the gilded railings and gates that were completed by the [[Bromsgrove Guild]] in 1911,<ref name="rob9" /> lies Webb's famous façade, which was described in a book published by the [[Royal Collection Trust]] as looking "like everybody's idea of a palace".<ref name="rob9" /> It has not only been a weekday home of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip but is also the London residence of the [[Prince Andrew, Duke of York|Duke of York]] and the [[Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh|Duke]] and [[Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh|Duchess of Edinburgh]]. The palace also houses [[Royal Households of the United Kingdom|their offices]], as well as those of the [[Anne, Princess Royal|Princess Royal]] and [[Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy|Princess Alexandra]], and is the workplace of more than 800 people.<ref name="fact" /><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Hill |first=Erin |title=Meghan Markle and Prince Harry Have Split Royal Households from Kate Middleton and Prince William |url=https://people.com/royals/meghan-markle-prince-harry-split-households-kate-middleton-prince-william/ |magazine=People |access-date=14 March 2019 |archive-date=2 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402132823/https://people.com/royals/meghan-markle-prince-harry-split-households-kate-middleton-prince-william/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Charles III]] lives at [[Clarence House]] while restoration work continues, although he conducts official business at Buckingham Palace, including weekly meetings with the Prime Minister.<ref>{{Cite web |title=King Charles III's favourite Buckingham Palace childhood feature he'll be keen to restore |url=https://www.hellomagazine.com/homes/20220928152663/king-charles-favourite-buckingham-palace-childhood-feature/ |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=HELLO! |language=en |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012230408/https://www.hellomagazine.com/homes/20220928152663/king-charles-favourite-buckingham-palace-childhood-feature/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Every year, some 50,000 invited guests are entertained at garden parties, receptions, audiences and banquets. [[Garden at Buckingham Palace#Garden parties|Three garden parties]] are held in the summer, usually in July.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/buckinghampalace/about |title=About Buckingham Palace |publisher=Royal Collection Trust |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002102536/https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/buckinghampalace/about |archive-date=2 October 2015 |access-date=8 March 2016}}</ref> The forecourt of Buckingham Palace is used for the [[King's Guard|Changing of the Guard]], a major ceremony and tourist attraction (daily from April to July; every other day in other months).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/buckinghampalace/what-to-see-and-do/changing-the-guard |title=Changing the Guard |publisher=Royal Collection Trust |access-date=8 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624231115/https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/buckinghampalace/what-to-see-and-do/changing-the-guard |archive-date=24 June 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Interior==
[[File:Plan of Buckingham palace.gif|thumb|upright=1.2|''[[Piano nobile]]'' of Buckingham Palace. The areas defined by shaded walls represent lower minor wings. {{paragraph break}}'''Note''': This is an unscaled sketch plan for reference only. Proportions of some rooms may slightly differ in reality.]]
The front of the palace measures {{convert|108|m|order=flip|round=5}} across, by {{convert|120|m|order=flip}} deep, by {{convert|24|m|order=flip|-1}} high and contains over {{convert|77000|m2|abbr=out|order=flip}} of floorspace.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.royal.uk/royal-residences-buckingham-palace |title=Royal Residences: Buckingham Palace |publisher=British Monarchy website |access-date=28 July 2019 |archive-date=9 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509132429/https://www.royal.uk/royal-residences-buckingham-palace |url-status=live }}</ref> There are 775 rooms, including 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices, 78 bathrooms, 52 principal bedrooms and 19 [[state room]]s. It also has a [[post office]], cinema, swimming pool, doctor's surgery,<ref name="fact">{{Cite web |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/Factfiles/40factsaboutBuckinghamPalace.aspx |title=40 facts about Buckingham Palace |publisher=British Monarchy website |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104182150/http://www.royal.gov.uk/latestnewsanddiary/factfiles/40factsaboutbuckinghampalace.aspx |archive-date=4 November 2011}}</ref> and jeweller's workshop.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.timesoftunbridgewells.co.uk/queen-honours-jeweller-with-top-personal-award/ |title=Queen honours jeweller with top personal award |work=Times of Tunbridge Wells |access-date=2 June 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701021803/https://www.timesoftunbridgewells.co.uk/queen-honours-jeweller-with-top-personal-award/ |archive-date=1 July 2016}}</ref> The Royal family occupy a small suite of private rooms in the north wing.<ref name="Packard1982">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dfk_5uIFtqIC |title=The Queen and Her Court: A Guide to the British Monarchy Today |last=Packard, Jerrold M. |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=1982 |isbn=978-0-684-17648-2 |page=48}}</ref>

=== Principal rooms ===
The principal rooms are contained on the first-floor ''[[piano nobile]]'' behind the west-facing garden façade at the rear of the palace. The centre of this ornate suite of state rooms is the Music Room, its large bow the dominant feature of the façade. Flanking the Music Room are the Blue and the White Drawing Rooms. At the centre of the suite, serving as a corridor to link the state rooms, is the Picture Gallery, which is top-lit and {{convert|55|yd}} long.<ref name="Harris, p.41">Harris, p. 41.</ref> The Gallery is hung with numerous works including some by [[Rembrandt]], [[van Dyck]], [[Rubens]] and [[Vermeer]];<ref>Harris, pp. 78–79 and Healey, pp. 387–388.</ref> other rooms leading from the Picture Gallery are the [[Throne Room]] and the Green Drawing Room. The Green Drawing Room serves as a huge anteroom to the Throne Room, and is part of the ceremonial route to the throne from the Guard Room at the top of the Grand Staircase.<ref name="Harris, p.41"/> The Guard Room contains white marble statues of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, in Roman costume, set in a [[Tribune (architecture)|tribune]] lined with tapestries. These very formal rooms are used only for ceremonial and official entertaining but are open to the public every summer.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/the-state-rooms-buckingham-palace |title=Visit the State Rooms, Buckingham Palace |publisher=Royal Collection Trust |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=6 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306164557/https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/the-state-rooms-buckingham-palace |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Semi-state apartments ===
[[File:Obama and Duke Duchess of Cambridge.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Prince William]] and his wife [[Catherine, Princess of Wales|Catherine]] greeting [[Barack]] and [[Michelle Obama]] in the 1844 room]]
Directly underneath the state apartments are the less grand semi-state apartments. Opening from the Marble Hall, these rooms are used for less formal entertaining, such as luncheon parties and private [[Head of state|audiences]]. At the centre of this floor is the Bow Room, through which thousands of guests pass annually to the monarch's [[garden parties]].<ref>Harris, p. 40.</ref> When paying a state visit to Britain, foreign [[heads of state]] are usually entertained by the monarch at Buckingham Palace. They are allocated an extensive suite of rooms known as the Belgian Suite, situated at the foot of the Minister's Staircase, on the ground floor of the west-facing Garden Wing. Some of the rooms are named and decorated for particular visitors, such as the 1844 Room, decorated in that year for the state visit of [[Nicholas I of Russia]], and the 1855 Room, in honour of the visit of [[Napoleon III]] of France.<ref>Harris, p. 81.</ref> The former is a sitting room that also serves as an audience room and is often used for personal investitures. Narrow corridors link the rooms of the suite; one of them is given extra height and perspective by [[saucer dome]]s designed by Nash in the style of Soane.<ref name="harrisp82">Harris, p. 82.</ref> A second corridor in the suite has Gothic-influenced [[Vault (architecture)|cross-over vaulting]].<ref name="harrisp82"/> The suite was named after [[Leopold I of Belgium]], uncle of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. In 1936, the suite briefly became the private apartments of the palace when [[Edward VIII]] occupied them.<ref name="fact"/> The original early-19th-century interior designs, many of which still survive, included widespread use of brightly coloured [[scagliola]] and blue and pink [[Lapis lazuli|lapis]], on the advice of Sir Charles Long. [[Edward VII]] oversaw a partial redecoration in a [[Belle Époque]] cream and gold colour scheme.<ref name="Jones43">Jones, p. 43.</ref>

=== East wing ===
[[File:Royal Family Platinum Jubilee Balcony Appearance 2022.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Queen Elizabeth II's final appearance on the balcony during her [[Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II|Platinum Jubilee]] celebrations in 2022]]
Between 1847 and 1850, when Blore was building the new east wing, the [[Brighton Pavilion]] was once again plundered of its fittings. As a result, many of the rooms in the new wing have a distinctly oriental atmosphere. The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room is made up of parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms with a large oriental chimneypiece designed by [[Robert Jones (designer)|Robert Jones]] and sculpted by [[Richard Westmacott]].<ref name="Harris, de Bellaigue & Miller, p. 87.">Harris, de Bellaigue & Miller, p. 87.</ref> It was formerly in the Music Room at the Brighton Pavilion.<ref name="Harris, de Bellaigue & Miller, p. 87."/> The ornate clock, known as the [[Qilin|Kylin Clock]], was made in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, China, in the second half of the 18th century; it has a later [[Movement (clockwork)|movement]] by [[Benjamin Vulliamy]] circa 1820.<ref>Harris, de Bellaigue & Miller, p. 135.</ref> The [[Yellow Drawing Room]] has wallpaper supplied in 1817 for the Brighton Saloon, and a chimneypiece which is a European vision of how the Chinese chimney piece may appear. It has nodding [[Mandarin (bureaucrat)|mandarins]] in [[Niche (architecture)|niches]] and fearsome winged [[Chinese dragon|dragons]], designed by Robert Jones.<ref>Healey, pp. 159–160.</ref>

At the centre of this wing is the famous balcony with the Centre Room behind its glass doors. This is a Chinese-style saloon enhanced by Queen Mary, who, working with the designer Sir [[Charles Allom]], created a more "binding"<ref>Harris, de Bellaigue & Miller, p. 93.</ref> Chinese theme in the late 1920s, although the [[lacquer]] doors were brought from Brighton in 1873. Running the length of the ''piano nobile'' of the east wing is the Great Gallery, modestly known as the Principal Corridor, which runs the length of the eastern side of the quadrangle.<ref>Harris, de Bellaigue & Miller, p. 91.</ref> It has mirrored doors and mirrored cross walls reflecting [[porcelain]] pagodas and other oriental furniture from Brighton. The Chinese Luncheon Room and Yellow Drawing Room are situated at each end of this gallery, with the Centre Room in between.<ref name="HarrisBellaigue1968">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pscQAQAAMAAJ |title=Buckingham Palace and its Treasures |last1=John Harris |last2=Geoffrey De Bellaigue |last3=Oliver Millar |publisher=Enthusiast101ng Press |year=1968 |page=90}}</ref>

==Court ceremonies==
[[Investiture]]s, which include the conferring of [[knight]]hoods by dubbing with a sword, and other awards take place in the palace's Ballroom, built in 1854. At {{convert|36.6|m|order=flip}} long, {{convert|18|m|order=flip|-1}} wide and {{convert|13.5|m|order=flip|round=5}} high,<ref name="fact"/> it is the largest room in the palace. It has replaced the throne room in importance and use. During investitures, the King stands on the throne dais beneath a giant, domed velvet canopy, known as a ''[[shamiana]]'' or a [[baldachin]], that was used at the [[Delhi Durbar]] in 1911.<ref>Harris, p. 72.</ref> A military band plays in the musicians' gallery as award recipients approach the King and receive their [[honour]]s, watched by their families and friends.<ref name="Healey, p.364">Healey, p. 364.</ref>

[[File:P052411LJ-0751 (5835926297).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|A state banquet in honour of President Obama in the Ballroom in 2011]]
State [[banquet]]s also take place in the Ballroom; these formal dinners are held on the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state.<ref name="Healey, p.364"/> On these occasions, for up to 170 guests in formal "white tie and decorations", including tiaras, the dining table is laid with the Grand Service, a collection of silver-gilt plate made in 1811 for the Prince of Wales, later George IV.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/2457467/Royal-seal-of-approval-for-state-banquet-exhibition.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/2457467/Royal-seal-of-approval-for-state-banquet-exhibition.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Royal seal of approval for state banquet exhibition |work=The Telegraph |access-date=31 January 2016 |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The largest and most formal reception at Buckingham Palace takes place every November when the King entertains members of the [[diplomatic corps]].<ref>Healey, p. 362.</ref> On this grand occasion, all the state rooms are in use, as the royal family proceed through them,<ref>Hedley, p. 16.</ref> beginning at the great north doors of the Picture Gallery. As Nash had envisaged, all the large, double-mirrored doors stand open, reflecting the numerous crystal chandeliers and [[Sconce (light fixture)|sconces]], creating a deliberate optical illusion of space and light.<ref>Robinson, p. 18.</ref>

Smaller ceremonies such as the reception of new ambassadors take place in the "1844 Room". Here too, the King holds small lunch parties, and often meetings of the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]]. Larger lunch parties often take place in the curved and domed Music Room or the State Dining Room.<ref name="Healey, pp. 363–365">Healey, pp. 363–365.</ref> Since the bombing of the palace chapel in World War II, royal christenings have sometimes taken place in the Music Room. [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]]'s first three children were all baptised there.<ref>Robinson, p. 49.</ref> On all formal occasions, the ceremonies are attended by the [[Yeomen of the Guard]], in their historic uniforms, and other officers of the court such as the [[Lord Chamberlain]].<ref name="Healey, pp. 363–365"/>

===Former ceremonial===

====Court dress====
[[File:President Nixon visiting Buckingham Palace with Britain's royal family - NARA - 194606.tif|thumb|upright=1.2|President [[Richard Nixon|Nixon]] with members of the royal family in the ground-floor Marble Hall]]
Formerly, men not wearing [[military uniform]] wore knee [[breeches]] of 18th-century design. Women's evening dress included trains and [[tiara]]s or feathers in their hair (often both). The dress code governing formal [[Court uniform and dress in the United Kingdom|court uniform and dress]] has progressively relaxed. After the [[First World War]], when [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]] wished to follow fashion by raising her skirts a few inches from the ground, she requested a [[lady-in-waiting]] to shorten her own skirt first to gauge the King's reaction. King [[George V]] disapproved, so the Queen kept her hemline unfashionably low.<ref>Healey, p. 233, quoting ''The Memoirs of Mabell, Countess of Airlie'', edited and arranged by Jennifer Ellis, London: Hutchinson, 1962.</ref> Following his accession in 1936, King [[George VI]] and [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Queen Elizabeth]] allowed the hemline of daytime skirts to rise. Today, there is no official dress code.<ref name="fact"/> Most men invited to Buckingham Palace in the daytime choose to wear [[service uniform]] or [[lounge suit]]s;<ref name="fact"/> a minority wear [[morning coat]]s, and in the evening, depending on the formality of the occasion, [[black tie]] or [[white tie]].<ref name="Seldon1999">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jj2AAAAAIAAJ |title=10 Downing Street: The Illustrated History |last=Anthony Seldon |publisher=Harper Collins Illustrated |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-00-414073-5 |page=202}}</ref>

====Court presentation of débutantes====
[[Débutante]]s were aristocratic young ladies making their first entrée into society through a presentation to the monarch at court. These occasions, known as "coming out", took place at the palace from the reign of Edward VII. The débutantes entered—wearing full court dress, with three ostrich feathers in their hair—curtsied, performed a backwards walk and a further curtsey, while manoeuvring a dress train of prescribed length. The ceremony, known as an evening court, corresponded to the "court [[drawing room]]s" of Victoria's reign.<ref>Peacocke, pp. 178–179, 244–247.</ref> After World War II, the ceremony was replaced by less formal afternoon receptions, omitting the requirement of court evening dress.<ref>Peacocke, pp. 264–265.</ref> In 1958, Queen Elizabeth II abolished the presentation parties for débutantes,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/page5299.asp |title=Mailbox |website=Royal Insight Magazine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123231607/http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/page5299.asp |archive-date=23 January 2008 |access-date=23 January 2008}}</ref> replacing them with [[Garden at Buckingham Palace#Garden parties|Garden Parties]],{{efn|[[Princess Margaret]] is reputed to have remarked of the débutante presentations: "We had to put a stop to it, every tart in London was getting in."<ref>{{Cite book |title=You look awfully like the Queen |last=Blaikie |first=Thomas |publisher=Harper Collins |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-00-714874-5 |location=London}}</ref>}} for up to 8,000 invitees in the Garden. They are the largest functions of the year.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/RoyalEventsandCeremonies/GardenParties/TheGuests.aspx |title=Garden parties: The guests |last=Royal Household |website=Official Website of the British Monarchy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060104/http://www.royal.gov.uk/RoyalEventsandCeremonies/GardenParties/TheGuests.aspx |archive-date=17 January 2013}}</ref>

==Garden and surroundings==
{{Further|Buckingham Palace Garden}}
At the rear of the palace is the large and park-like garden, which together with its lake is the largest private garden in London.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/OnlineResources/X20L/Themes/1381/1092/ |title=''Buckingham Palace'' |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502231028/http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/OnlineResources/X20L/Themes/1381/1092/ |archive-date=2 May 2008 |access-date=3 February 2009}} ([[Museum of London]].) Retrieved 2 May 2009.</ref> There, [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] hosted her annual garden parties each summer and also held large functions to celebrate royal milestones, such as jubilees. It covers {{Cvt|17|ha}} and includes a helicopter landing area, a lake and a tennis court.<ref name="fact"/>

Adjacent to the palace is the [[Royal Mews]], also designed by Nash, where the royal carriages, including the [[Gold State Coach]], are housed. This [[rococo]] gilt coach, designed by [[Sir William Chambers]] in 1760, has painted panels by [[Giovanni Battista Cipriani|G. B. Cipriani]]. It was first used for the State Opening of Parliament by George III in 1762 and has been used by the monarch for every coronation since [[William IV]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold State Coach |url=https://www.rct.uk/visit/the-royal-mews-buckingham-palace/the-gold-state-coach |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=www.rct.uk |language=en}}</ref> It was last used for the [[Charles III|Coronation of King Charles III and Queen Camilla]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Coronation coach has electric windows and air con |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-65194594 |access-date=2023-05-08}}</ref> Also housed in the mews are the coach horses used at royal ceremonial processions<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/TheRoyalMews/TheRoyalMews.aspx |title=The Royal Residences > The Royal Mews |publisher=www.royal.gov.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710044631/http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/TheRoyalMews/TheRoyalMews.aspx |archive-date=10 July 2009}}</ref> as well as many of the cars used by the royal family.

[[The Mall, London|The Mall]], a ceremonial approach route to the palace, was designed by Sir [[Aston Webb]] and completed in 1911 as part of a grand memorial to [[Queen Victoria]]. It extends from [[Admiralty Arch]], across [[St James's Park]] to the [[Victoria Memorial, London|Victoria Memorial]]. This route is used by the cavalcades and motorcades of visiting heads of state, and by the royal family on state occasions—such as the annual [[Trooping the Colour]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=London |last=Nicholson, Louise |publisher=Frances Lincoln |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7112-1187-2 |location=London |page=56 |author-link=Louise Nicholson}}</ref>
{{wide image|File:Buckingham Palace west facade (panoramic).jpg|800px|align-cap=center|The lawn and west façade, faced in [[Bath stone]], of Buckingham Palace}}

==Security breaches==
[[The boy Jones]] was an intruder who gained entry to the palace on three occasions between 1838 and 1841.<ref>[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]], [http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/7/2/1/17216/17216.txt Volume 1: July–December 1841].</ref><ref name="dickens">{{Cite magazine |magazine=All The Year Round |pages=234–237 |first=Charles |last=Dickens |author-link=Charles Dickens |title=The boy Jones |url=http://john-adcock.blogspot.com/2008/10/boy-jones.html}}</ref> At least 12 people have managed to gain unauthorised entry into the palace or its grounds since 1914,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/09/24/remember-the-visitor-to-the-queens-bedroom-when-it-comes-to-intruders-buckingham-palace-beats-the-white-house-any-day/ |title=Remember the guy who got into the Queen's bedroom? |last=Tobey, Pam |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=21 June 2016 |archive-date=27 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227130214/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/09/24/remember-the-visitor-to-the-queens-bedroom-when-it-comes-to-intruders-buckingham-palace-beats-the-white-house-any-day/ |url-status=live }}</ref> including [[Michael Fagan (intruder)|Michael Fagan]], who broke into the palace twice in 1982 and entered Queen Elizabeth II's bedroom on the second occasion. At the time, news media reported that he had a long conversation with her while she waited for security officers to arrive, but in a 2012 interview with ''[[The Independent]]'', Fagan said she ran out of the room, and no conversation took place.<ref name="independent">{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/michael-fagan-her-nightie-was-one-of-those-liberty-prints-down-to-her-knees-7179547.html |title=Michael Fagan: 'Her nightie was one of those Liberty prints, down to her knees' |last=Dugan |first=Emily |work=The Independent on Sunday |access-date=4 January 2014 |archive-date=8 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908075232/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/michael-fagan-her-nightie-was-one-of-those-liberty-prints-down-to-her-knees-7179547.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It was only in 2007 that trespassing on the palace grounds became a specific criminal offence.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6492003.stm |title=Trespass law targets royal sites |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=27 February 2016 |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121065101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6492003.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>{{efn|Under section 128(1) of the [[Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005]], "A person commits an offence if he enters, or is on, any designated site in England and Wales or Northern Ireland as a trespasser".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/15/part/4/crossheading/trespass-on-designated-site |title=Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 |date=7 January 2005 |publisher=Legislation.gov.uk |access-date=11 June 2017 |archive-date=27 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827170502/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/15/part/4/crossheading/trespass-on-designated-site |url-status=live }}</ref> Buckingham Palace is a designated site under the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (Designated Sites under Section 128) Order 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2007/930/made |title=The Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (Designated Sites under Section 128) Order 2007 |publisher=Legislation.gov.uk |access-date=11 June 2017 |archive-date=27 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827170958/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2007/930/made |url-status=live }}</ref>}}

==See also==
{{Portal|United Kingdom|England|London|Architecture|History|Monarchy}}
* [[Flags at Buckingham Palace]]
* [[List of British royal residences]]
* [[King's Guard]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
* Allison, Ronald; Riddell, Sarah (1991). ''The Royal Encyclopedia''. London: Macmillan. {{ISBN|0-333-53810-2}}
* Blaikie, Thomas (2002). ''You Look Awfully Like the Queen: Wit and Wisdom from the House of Windsor''. London: HarperCollins. {{ISBN|0-00-714874-7}}.
* Goring, O. G. (1937). ''From Goring House to Buckingham Palace''. London: Ivor Nicholson & Watson.
* Harris, John; de Bellaigue, Geoffrey; & Miller, Oliver (1968). ''Buckingham Palace''. London: Nelson. {{ISBN|0-17-141011-4}}.
* Healey, Edma (1997). ''The Queen's House: A Social History of Buckingham Palace''. London: Penguin Group. {{ISBN|0-7181-4089-3}}.
* Hedley, Olwen (1971) ''The Pictorial History of Buckingham Palace''. Pitkin, {{ISBN|0-85372-086-X}}.
* {{cite book |title = Architecture of England, Scotland, and Wales |last=Jones |first=Nigel R. |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-313-31850-4}}
* {{cite book |title = Twilight of Splendor: The Court of Queen Victoria During Her Diamond Jubilee Year |last=King |first=Greg |publisher = John Wiley & Sons |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-470-04439-1 }}
* [[Compton Mackenzie|Mackenzie, Compton]] (1953). ''The Queen's House''. London: Hutchinson.
* Nash, Roy (1980). ''Buckingham Palace: The Place and the People''. London: Macdonald Futura. {{ISBN|0-354-04529-6}}.
* {{cite book |title = The Story of Buckingham Palace |last = Peacocke, M. D. |publisher=Odhams Press |year=1951 |location=London }}
* {{cite book |title = Queen Victoria: A Biographical Companion |last=Rappaport |first=Helen |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85109-355-7 }}
* Robinson, John Martin (1999). ''Buckingham Palace''. Published by The [[Royal Collection]], St James's Palace, London {{ISBN|1-902163-36-2}}.
* Williams, Neville (1971). ''Royal Homes''. The Lutterworth Press. {{ISBN|0-7188-0803-7}}.
* [[Cecil Woodham-Smith|Woodham-Smith, Cecil]] (1973). ''Queen Victoria'' ''(vol 1)'' Hamish Hamilton Ltd.
* Wright, Patricia (1999; first published 1996). ''The Strange History of Buckingham Palace''. Stroud, Gloucs.: Sutton Publishing Ltd. {{ISBN|0-7509-1283-9}}.
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [https://www.royal.uk/royal-residences-buckingham-palace Buckingham Palace] at the Royal Family website
* [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=45183 Account of Buckingham Palace, with prints of Arlington House and Buckingham House] from ''Old and New London'' (1878)
* [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=41820 Account of the acquisition of the Manor of Ebury] from ''Survey of London'' (1977)
* [https://www.rct.uk/visit/the-state-rooms-buckingham-palace The State Rooms, Buckingham Palace] at the [[Royal Collection Trust]]
* {{osmrelation|5208404}}

{{Royal palaces in the United Kingdom}}
{{London landmarks}}
{{Authority control|suppress=P1004}}

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