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Shravana (month)

2024-03-02T11:24:52Z

Jai hinduism: /* External links */

{{Short description|Fifth month of the Hindu lunar calendar}}
{{Distinguish|Shravan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2013}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}}
{{Infobox month
| image = Images (8) (10).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Upākarma in Tamil Nadu state by Brahmins in the month of Śrāvaṇa
| native_name =
| calendar = [[Hindu calendar]]
| num = 5
| days =
| season = Rainy
| gregorian = July-August
| holidays = * [[Krishna Janmashtami]](Amanta)
* [[Raksha Bandhan]]
* [[Naga Panchami]]
* [[Pola (festival)|Pola]]
* [[Teej|Hariyali Teej]]
| prev_month = [[Ashadha]]
| next_month = [[Bhadra (Hindu calendar)|Bhadra]]
}}
{{Hinduism}}

'''Śrāvaṇa''' ({{lang-sa|श्रावण}}) is the fifth [[month]] of the [[Hindu calendar]]. In [[Indian national calendar|India's national civil calendar]], Śrāvaṇa is the fifth month of the year, beginning on July 23 and ending on August 22. In the [[Tamil calendar]], it is known as Āvani and is the fifth month of the solar year. In lunar religious calendars, Śrāvaṇa begins on the new moon (according to the [[Hindu_calendar#amanta|amanta]] tradition) or the full moon (according to the [[Hindu_calendar#purnimanta|purnimanta]] tradition) and is the fifth month of the year. ''Srabon'' ({{lang-bn|শ্রাবণ}}; also spelt ''Sravan'') is the fourth month of the solar [[Bengali calendar]]. It is also the fourth month of the [[Nepal Sambat|Nepali calendar]]. Śrāvaṇa is also the second month of ''Varsha'' (the [[rainy season]]).

The month of Shravana is very important for the entire [[Indian subcontinent]], as it is connected to the arrival of the south-west [[monsoons]]. For many Hindus, the month of Shravana is a month of [[fasting]]. Many Hindus will fast every Monday to [[Shiva]] and/or every Tuesday to [[Parvati]]. Fasting on Tuesdays of this month is known locally as "Mangala Gauri Vrat".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.drikpanchang.com/festivals/sawan/sawan-somwar-vrat-dates.html |title = 2022 Sawan Somwar, Shravan Somwar Vrat dates for New York City, New York, United States}}</ref>
* [http://Jaihinduism.com/ Hinduism]

==Festivals==
Shravana is considered to be a holy month in the Hindu calendar due to the numerous festivals that are celebrated during this time. Also, special worship of Shiva and fasting is observed on Mondays.<ref>Sawan Ke Somwar: https://www.bhaktibharat.com/en/festival/sawan-somwar</ref>
===Dashamaa Vrata===
{{Main|Dashamaa Vart}}
Dashama Vrata is dedicated to [[Momai|Dashama]] and is observed on the first day of Shravana as per [[Gujarat]]i tradition.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hindu Blog| date=30 July 2019 |url=https://www.hindu-blog.com/2014/07/dashama-vrat-2014-date-goddess-dashama.html?m=1}}</ref>

===Krishna Janmashtami===
{{Main|Krishna Janmashtami}}
[[Krishna Janmashtami]] marks the birth of [[Krishna]] on the eighth day after the full moon, which is the 23rd day of Shravana according to the [[Hindu_calendar#amanta|amanta]] tradition, and is celebrated with great pomp by Hindus across the world, especially those of the [[Vaishnava]] traditions.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ellwood|first=Robert|title=The Encyclopedia of World Religions|date=1998|publisher=Infobase Publishing|location=New York|isbn=0-8160-6141-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo00robe/page/199 199]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo00robe/page/199}}</ref><ref>( Krishna was born at 12 o'clock on that day.)</ref>

===Raksha Bandhan===
{{Main|Raksha Bandhan}}
[[Raksha Bandhan]] also called '''Rakhi Purnima '''or simply '''Rakhi''' in many parts of [[India]] and [[Nepal]], is a [[Hindu]] religious festival.<ref name="ref55guxox">{{Citation | title=Popular culture in a globalised India | author=K. Moti Gokulsing, Wimal Dissanayake | publisher=Taylor & Francis, 2009 | isbn=978-0-415-47667-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5oT-OIKadyoC | quote=... Raksha Bandhan: A popular festival of Indian Sub-continent where sister ties a thread on brother's wrist, signifying love and/or seeking protection ... | date=4 February 2009 | access-date=16 August 2011}}</ref> The festival signifies and celebrates the bond between brothers and sisters. It is celebrated on Shravana [[Purnima (day)|Purnima]] (Full Moon). In simple words, Raksha bandhan means "Bond of Protection"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raksha-bandhan.com/meaning-significance-of-raksha-bandhan.html|title=Meaning of Raksha Bandhan, Significance of Rakhi, Rakshabandhan Significance, Meaning of Rakhi|access-date=19 August 2016}}</ref>

===Naryal Purnima===
{{Main|Narali Poornima}}
In western India and parts of [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]], and [[Goa]], Shravana Purnima (full moon) day is celebrated as Narali Purnima. On this day, an offering of a coconut ({{Transl|gu|naryal}} in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], {{Transl|mr|naral}} in [[Marathi language|Marathi]]) is made to the sea, as a mark of respect to Varuna, the God of the Sea. In the coastal regions of Maharashtra i.e. [[Konkan]], a coconut is offered to the sea for calming it down after the [[monsoon season]]. Narali Purnima is the beginning of the fishing season, and the fishermen, who depend on the sea for a living, make an offering to Varuna so that they can reap bountiful fish from the sea. Fishermen start fishing in the sea after this ceremony.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maharashtratourism.net/festivals/narali-poornima.html |title = Narali Purnima - Narali Pournima Maharashtra, Narali Pournima Festival India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.magicalmumbai.com/1968/narali-poornima-coconut-festival/ |title=Narali Poornima/ Coconut Festival |publisher=Magicalmumbai.com |access-date=2013-08-25}}</ref>

===Nag Panchami===
{{Main|Naga Panchami}}
[[Nag Panchami]] is also celebrated in many parts of India on the fifth day after [[Amavasya]] of Shravana month. The snake god [[Nāga]] is worshiped. The last day of Shravana is celebrated as [[Pola (festival)|Pola]], where the [[bull]] is worshiped by farmers from Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite book
| title = Maharashtra State Gazetteers: Kolhapur District
| volume = 1| publisher = Directorate of Govt. Print., Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State
| date = 1976
| page = 280
}}</ref>

===Basava Panchami===
In Karnataka '''[[Basava]] Panchami''' (Kannada: {{Transl|kn|ಬಸವ ಪಂಚಮಿ}}) is celebrated on the fifth day after [[amavasya]]. In 1196 AD, on this day, Lingayat dharma guru [[Basava]] merged with God.{{Clarify|date=September 2021|reason=poor grammar}}

===Avani Avittam===
In southern and central parts of India including [[Maharashtra]] , [[Goa]], [[Kerala]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Odisha]], Shravana Purnima day is when many communities perform the rituals of [[Avani Avittam]] or [[Upakarma]].

===Balarama Jayanti===
Shravana Purnima day is also celebrated as Balarama's birth ceremony. [[Krishna]]'s elder brother [[Balarama]] was born on this Purnima.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iskconbangalore.org/festival-balram-jayanti |title=Balaram Jayanti |publisher=Iskconbangalore.org |access-date=2013-08-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818123802/http://www.iskconbangalore.org/festival-balram-jayanti |archive-date=18 August 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iskconbangalore.org/balaram-jayanti-2010 |title=Balaram Jayanti 2010 |publisher=Iskconbangalore.org |access-date=2013-08-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927232617/http://www.iskconbangalore.org/balaram-jayanti-2010 |archive-date=27 September 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

===Gamha Purnima===
Gamha Purnima is celebrated in [[Odisha]]. On this date, all the domesticated cows and bullocks are decorated and worshipped. Various kinds of country-made cakes called ''[[pitha]]'' and sweets, ''mitha'', are made and distributed within families, relatives and friends. In Oriya [[Jagannath]] culture, the Krishna and [[Radha]] enjoy the rainy season of Shravana starting from Shukla Pakhya Ekadashi (usually four days before Purnima) and ending on Rakhi Purnima with a festival called Jhulan Yatra. Idols of [[Radha-Krishna]] are beautifully decorated on a swing called Jhulan, hence the name ''Jhulan Yatra''.<ref>[http://www.orissa.gov.in/portal/LIWPL/event_archive/Events_Archives/89RakshaBandhan_GamhaPurnima.pdf Event archives] orissa.gov.in {{dead link|date=July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://orissa.oriyaonline.com/jagannath_gamha_purnima.html |title=Lord Jagannath: Festivals - Gamha Purnima, Festival of lord jagannath, Jagannath Puri, Jagannath Temple |publisher=orissa.oriyaonline.com |access-date=2013-08-25}}</ref>

===Kajari Purnima===
In central parts of India such as [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[Jharkhand]] Shravana Purnima day is celebrated as Kajari Purnima. It is an important day for farmers and women blessed with a son. On the ninth day after Shravana Amavasya, the preparations of the Kajari festival start. This ninth day is called Kajari Navami and varied rituals are performed by women who have sons until Kajri Purnima or the full moon day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssbalvikas.org/glory5-aug10.asp |title=Sri Sathya Sai Bal Vikas |publisher=Sssbalvikas.org |access-date=2013-08-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Author shubham95 |url=http://mythology.nuvvo.com/lesson/15612-raksha-bandhan |title=Raksha Bandhan - Mythology |publisher=Mythology.nuvvo.com |access-date=2013-08-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523022531/http://mythology.nuvvo.com/lesson/15612-raksha-bandhan |archive-date=23 May 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

===Pavitropana===
In parts of [[Gujarat]], Shravana Purnima day is celebrated as Pavitropana. On this holiday, people perform the grand puja or the worship of Shiva. It is the culmination of the prayers done throughout the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raksha-bandhan.com/pavitropana.html |title=Pavitropana, Pavitropana Festival |publisher=Raksha-bandhan.com |date=2013-08-21 |access-date=2013-08-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=John Marshall / Jaya Tirtha Charan Dasa |url=http://www.salagram.net/ekadasi-18.htm |title=PAvitropAna - PutradA EkAdasi |publisher=Salagram.net |access-date=2013-08-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu-blog.com/2009/07/pavitra-ekadashi-2009-pavitropana.html |title=Pavitra Ekadashi 2011 – Pavitropana Ekadasi ~ Hindu Blog |publisher=Hindu-blog.com |date=2007-06-06 |access-date=2013-08-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.iskconhouston.org/ekadasi/Pavitropana%20Ekadasi.html |title=Pavitropana Ekadasi |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-12-20 |access-date=2013-08-25 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121220181507/https://www.iskconhouston.org/ekadasi/Pavitropana%20Ekadasi.html |archive-date=20 December 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://festivals.iloveindia.com/rituals/pavitra-ekadashi-vrat.html |title=Pavitra Ekadashi Vrat - How To Observe Pavitropana Ekadashi Vrat, Story Of Pavitra Ekadashi Fasting |publisher=Festivals.iloveindia.com |access-date=2013-08-25}}</ref>

===Pavitra Ekadashi===
On Ekadashi Day [11th day], Vaishnavas in Gujarat and Rajasthan celebrate it as the birth of Pushtimarga, the path of grace. On this day, Krishna appeared in front of Vallabhacharya. Vallabhacharya offered him a thread (''soothan''), which was pious (''pavitra''). Since that day every year, Pavitra Ekadashi is celebrated. Such threads are offered from Ekadashi till Raksha Bandhan.

===Jandhyam Purnima===
''Jandhyam'' is Sanskrit for 'sacred thread', and ''Purnima'' denotes the full moon in Sanskrit. Jandhyala Purnima is observed on the full moon day (Purnima) in the month of Shravana in Andhra Pradesh. Brahmins perform the sacred thread changing ceremony on this day and it is also known as Yajurveda Nutanasahitha Upakarma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindu-blog.com/2009/08/jandhyala-purnima.html|title=Jandhyala Purnima|date=16 August 2021|accessdate=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ilovehyd.com/culture-n-festivals/rakhi.html#jandhyala |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010165616/http://ilovehyd.com/culture-n-festivals/rakhi.html#jandhyala |archive-date=2007-10-10 |title=I Love Hyderabad |date=2007-10-10 |access-date=2013-08-25}}</ref>

===Salono===
In [[Haryana]] and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], in addition to celebrating Raksha Bandhan, people observe the festival of Salono.<ref>Kumar Suresh Singh, Madan Lal Sharma, A. K. Bhatia, Anthropological Survey of India (1994) [https://books.google.com/books?id=qUZuAAAAMAAJ&q=salono+]</ref> Salono is celebrated by priests solemnly tying amulets on people's wrists for protection against evil<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8wdWAAAAYAAJ&q=salono+haryana|title=Haryana District Gazetteers: Rohtak district gazetteer, 1910|date=17 July 2000|publisher=Gazetteers Organisation, Revenue Department, Haryana|accessdate=17 July 2023|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KMbUAAAAMAAJ&q=salono+purnima|title=Census of India, 1961|first=India Office of the Registrar|last=General|date=17 July 1965|publisher=Manager of Publications|accessdate=17 July 2023|via=Google Books}}</ref> The day is dedicated to local saints involving devotees receiving such amulets.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/karnal%20Gazeetter%201892.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501200322/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/karnal%20Gazeetter%201892.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Karnal District Gazetteer|archive-date=1 May 2014}}</ref> In [[Haryana]], the festival of Salono also involves sisters tying threads on brothers to ward off evil.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XQjgAAAAMAAJ&q=saluno+haryana|title=Festivals, Fairs, and Fasts of India|first=Shakti M.|last=Gupta|date=17 July 1990|publisher=Clarion Books|accessdate=17 July 2023|via=Google Books}}</ref> Despite the two festivals being similar in their practices, Salono and Raksha Bandhan are distinct observances with the threads tied for Salono being called ''ponchis''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zx4sKFB_aicC&pg=PA206|title=World Religions Reader|first=Gwilym|last=Beckerlegge|date=17 July 2001|publisher=Psychology Press|accessdate=17 July 2023|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>Lewis, Oscar (1865) Village Life in Northern India: Studies in a Delhi Village [https://books.google.com/books?id=AK0iAAAAMAAJ&q=coincides]</ref>

===Pola===
{{See also|Pola (festival)}}
Pola is a festival respecting bulls and oxen which is celebrated by farmers in Maharashtra. Pola is a thanksgiving festival of farmers and their families for their bulls. It is celebrated in Maharashtra to acknowledge the importance of bulls and oxen, who are a crucial part of agriculture and farming activities. It falls on the last day or the new moon day of Shravana.

===Shravani Mela===
{{see also| Yatra#Famous_yatras | l1= Famous Hindu yatras | Hindu pilgrimage sites in India | List of Hindu festivals | Tirtha and Kshetra}}

Shravani Mela is a major festival time at [[Deoghar]] in [[Jharkhand]] with thousands of saffron-clad pilgrims bringing holy water around 100 km on foot from the [[Ganges]] at [[Sultanganj]], [[Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4gzFFLdBoYC&pg=PA41|title=Fasts and Festivals of India|first=Manish|last=Verma|date=17 July 2013|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.|accessdate=17 July 2023|via=Google Books}}</ref> Shravana is also the time of the annual [[Kanwar Yatra]], the annual pilgrimage of devotees of [[Shiva]], known as ''Kanwaria'' make to Hindu pilgrimage places of [[Haridwar]], [[Gaumukh]] and [[Gangotri]] in [[Uttarakhand]] to fetch holy waters of [[Ganges River]]<ref name="fr">{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2117/stories/20040827000206600.htm|title=SPOTLIGHT: The long walk for worship|date=14–27 August 2004|issue=17|volume=21|publisher=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]], ([[The Hindu]])|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806091502/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2117/stories/20040827000206600.htm|archive-date=6 August 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Hindu saint Guru [[Raghavendra Swami]], who advocated Madhvacharya's Dvaita philosophy, achieved Videha Mukti on Sraavana Bahula [[Dwitiya]] in 1671 AD .

==In popular culture==
Being the period when the [[monsoon]] falls over the heated plains of India, the season is celebrated in various texts, such as the [[Sanskrit]] text ''[[Meghaduta]]'' by [[Kalidasa]]. Many films too have been made with ''Sawan'' in their title, like ''[[Aya Sawan Jhoom Ke]]'', (1969), ''[[Sawan Bhadon]]'' (1970), ''[[Solva Sawan]]'' (1979), ''[[Sawan Ko Aane Do]]'' (1979), ''[[Pyaasa Sawan]]'' (1980), etc.

Also, in [[Hindustani classical music]], many songs are themed around [[Radha]] and [[Krishna]] during the rainy season, and also [[Bollywood]] songs, e.g., ''Sawan ki Ritu Aai'', ''Sawan ka Mahina Pawan kare Sor''' and ''<nowiki/>'Rim jhim gire Saawan'.''

During Shravana, the Hindu community in the regions of [[Goa]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Karnataka]] practice a [[vegetarian]] diet. This is because during the monsoon season, it is difficult to get seafood; scientifically it's done allow breeding of fish in the ocean ,so that there is no extinction of fish species{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}.

==See also==

* [[Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar]]
* [[Hindu calendar]]
* [[Indian units of measurement]]
* [[Indian astronomy]]
* [[Hindu astrology]]
* [[Vassa]], a similar festival in Buddhism also observed with meditation

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
1.[https://bhajansimran.com/sawan-somvar-vrat-katha/ Sawan somvar Vrat katha]{{Hindu calendar}}
{{Indian astronomy}}
*[https://jaihinduism.com/keejo-kesari-ke-laal/ Keshri ke laal]

[[Category:Months of the Hindu calendar|*05]]

Shravana (month)

2024-03-02T11:22:31Z

Jai hinduism: