https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=ItssuvamBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-06T06:55:15ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quilandy_Assembly_constituency&diff=527615Quilandy Assembly constituency2026-05-06T12:20:10Z<p>Itssuvam: Started A Post</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Kerala legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Quilandy<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| state = Kerala<br />
| constituency_no = 23<br />
| map_image = Koyilandy harbour 03720.jpg<br />
| map_caption = Koyilandy Fishing Harbour<br />
| established = 1951<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| electors = 2,05,993 (2021)<br />
| mla = [[K. Praveen Kumar]]<br />
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| alliance =<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br />
| district = [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]<br />
}} <br />
'''Quilandy State Assembly constituency''' is one of the 140 [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies in the southern [[India|Indian]] state of [[Kerala]]. It is also one of the seven [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies included in [[Vatakara Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/kozhikode.html<br />
|website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in<br />
|title = State Assembly constituencies in Kozhikode district, Kerala.<br />
|access-date = 6 September 2019<br />
|archive-date = 8 September 2019<br />
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190908212832/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/kozhikode.html<br />
|url-status = dead<br />
}}</ref> As of the [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021 Assembly elections]], the current MLA is [[Kanathil Jameela]] of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].<br />
<br />
== Local self-governed segments==<br />
Quilandy Assembly constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments:<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/kozhikode.html<br />
|website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in<br />
|title = Local Self Governments in Assembly Constituencies of Kozhikode District<br />
|access-date = 6 September 2019<br />
|archive-date = 8 September 2019<br />
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190908212832/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/kozhikode.html<br />
|url-status = dead<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"<br />
!width="20px" |Sl no.<br />
!width="100px" |Name<br />
!width="130px" |Status ([[Gram panchayat|Grama panchayat]]/[[Municipality]])<br />
!width="50px" |[[Tehsil|Taluk]]<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|[[Koyilandy]]<br />
|Municipality<br />
|[[Koyilandy]]<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|[[Payyoli]]<br />
|Municipality<br />
|Koyilandy<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|[[Chemancheri]]<br />
|Grama panchayat<br />
|Koyilandy<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|[[Chengottukavu]]<br />
|Grama Panchayat<br />
|Koyilandy<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|[[Moodadi]]<br />
|Grama panchayat<br />
|Koyilandy<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|[[Thikkodi]]<br />
|Grama panchayat<br />
|Koyilandy<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
The following list contains all members of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] who have represented the constituency:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Election<br />
!Niyama<br />
Sabha<br />
!Name<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
!Tenure<br />
|-<br />
|[[1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br />
|1st<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[P. M. Kunhiraman Nambiar|Kunhiraman Nambiar]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Praja Socialist Party}}<br />
|1957 – 1960<br />
|-<br />
|[[1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1960]]<br />
|2nd<br />
|1960 – 1965<br />
|-<br />
|[[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
|3rd<br />
|P. K. Kidave<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}<br />
|1967 – 1970<br />
|-<br />
|[[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970]]<br />
|4th<br />
| rowspan="2" | E. Narayanan Nambiar<br />
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|1970 – 1977<br />
|-<br />
|[[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
|5th<br />
|1977 – 1980<br />
|-<br />
|[[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br />
|6th<br />
| rowspan="2" |Manimangalath Kuttialy<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}<br />
|1980 – 1982<br />
|-<br />
|[[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br />
|7th<br />
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|1982 – 1987<br />
|-<br />
|[[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]]<br />
|8th<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[M. T. Padma]]<br />
|1987 – 1991<br />
|-<br />
|[[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br />
|9th<br />
|1991 – 1996<br />
|-<br />
|[[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br />
|10th<br />
|P. Vishwan<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br />
|1996 – 2001<br />
|-<br />
|[[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br />
|11th<br />
|[[P. Sankaran]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|2001 – 2006<br />
|-<br />
|[[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br />
|12th<br />
|P. Vishwan<br />
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=4|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br />
|2006 – 2011<br />
|-<br />
|[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br />
|13th<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[K. Dasan]]<br />
|2011 – 2016<br />
|-<br />
|[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br />
|14th<br />
|2016-2021<br />
|-<br />
|[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br />
|15th<br />
|[[Kanathil Jameela]]<br />
|2021-2025<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
<br />
=== LOCAL BODY ELECTIONS ===<br />
<br />
=== 2025 ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|<br />
|LDF<br />
|NDA<br />
|UDF<br />
|SDPI<br />
|AAP<br />
|IND<br />
|WPI<br />
|<br />
|LEADING ALLIANCE<br />
|-<br />
|QUILANDY<br />
|20134<br />
|7449<br />
|20283<br />
|187<br />
|0<br />
|57<br />
|102<br />
|48212<br />
|UDF<br />
|-<br />
|PAYYOLI<br />
|14199<br />
|4156<br />
|15271<br />
|31<br />
|139<br />
|43<br />
|0<br />
|33839<br />
|UDF<br />
|-<br />
|CHEMANCHERY<br />
|9891<br />
|3287<br />
|11589<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|24767<br />
|UDF<br />
|-<br />
|CHENGOTTUKAVU<br />
|6279<br />
|5054<br />
|7856<br />
|26<br />
|0<br />
|99<br />
|0<br />
|19314<br />
|UDF<br />
|-<br />
|MOODADI<br />
|10006<br />
|1021<br />
|10650<br />
|27<br />
|0<br />
|60<br />
|0<br />
|21764<br />
|UDF<br />
|-<br />
|THIKKODI<br />
|6417<br />
|1456<br />
|9313<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|36<br />
|196<br />
|17418<br />
|UDF<br />
|-<br />
|TOTAL<br />
|66926<br />
|22423<br />
|74962<br />
|271<br />
|139<br />
|295<br />
|298<br />
|165314<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|%<br />
|40.48416952<br />
|13.56388449<br />
|45.34522182<br />
|0.1639304596<br />
|0.08408241286<br />
|0.1784482863<br />
|0.1802630146<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS ===<br />
<br />
===2026===<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Quilandy }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = K. Praveenkumar<br />
|votes = 79,917<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = CPI(M)<br />
|candidate = [[K. Dasan]]<br />
|votes = 67,843<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = BJP<br />
|candidate = C. R. Praphul Krishnan<br />
|votes = 23,543<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = None of the above<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory|<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2021 ===<br />
There were 2,05,993 registered voters in the constituency for the 2021 election.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Quilandy}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[Kanathil Jameela]]|votes=75,628|percentage=46.66|change={{increase}}0.72|}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=N. Subramanian|votes=67,156|percentage=41.43|change={{increase}}4.19|}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=N.P. Radhakrishnan|votes=17,555|percentage=10.83|change={{decrease}}3.54}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Praveen Cheruvath|votes=221|percentage=0.14|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Jameela. P.P.|votes=651|percentage=0.4|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Subrahmanyan Kanaran|votes=381|percentage=0.24|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=492|percentage=0.3|change=-}}{{Election box margin of victory||votes=8472|percentage=5.23|change={{decrease}}3.47}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,62,084|percentage=78.68|change={{decrease}}2.85}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|swing={{increase}}0.72}}{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2016 ===<br />
There were 1,88,490 registered voters in the constituency for the 2016 election.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Quilandy}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[K. Dasan]]|votes=70,593|percentage=45.94|change={{decrease}}1.26|}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=N. Subramanian|votes=57,224|percentage=37.24|change={{decrease}}6.92|}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=K. Rajinesh Babu|votes=22,087|percentage=14.37|change={{increase}}8.44}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=Ismayil Kammana|votes=798|percentage=0.52|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Peoples Democratic Party (India)|candidate=Rasal M. K.|votes=703|percentage=0.46|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Parappil Balakrishnan|votes=678|percentage=0.44|change={{increase}}0.10}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=653|percentage=0.42|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=M. N. Subramanian Kakkudumbil Meethal|votes=489|percentage=0.32|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=P. K. Dasan Pazhunthum Koottathil|votes=167|percentage=0.11|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=P. M. Sreekumar|votes=149|percentage=0.10|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=P. M. Kunhiraman|votes=126|percentage=0.08|change=-}}{{Election box margin of victory||votes=13,369|percentage=8.70|change={{increase}}5.66}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,53,667|percentage=81.53|change={{decrease}}0.32}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|swing={{decrease}}1.26}}{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2011 ===<br />
There were 1,66,632 registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2011, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011|access-date=11 March 2020|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Quilandy}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=K. Dasan|votes=64,374|percentage=47.20|change=|}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=K.P. Anil Kumar|votes=60,235|percentage=44.16|change=|}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=T. P. Jayachandran|votes=8,086|percentage=5.93|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=C. Muneer|votes=985|percentage=0.72|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=Rashid P. T.|votes=985|percentage=0.72|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=K. P. Anil Kumar|votes=520|percentage=0.38|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=K. V. Krishnan Koduvayal|votes=466|percentage=0.34|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Dasan M. K.|votes=418|percentage=0.31|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Dasan V. K.|votes=325|percentage=0.24|change=}}{{Election box margin of victory||votes=4,139|percentage=3.04|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,36,394|percentage=81.85|change=}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|swing=}}{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 1952 === <br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Quilandy]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kunhriramakurup Chemmaratha |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=22,699 |percentage=46.64% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vasudevan Nair, Anantapuram Patinhare Madam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,107 |percentage=31.04% |change=31.04% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Padamanabhan Poozhikunath |party=Independent politician |votes=10,863 |percentage=22.32% |change= }}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,592 |percentage=15.60% |change= }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=48,669 |percentage=70.44% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 69,088 |change = }} <br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Koyilandy]]<br />
* [[Kozhikode district]]<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]<br />
* [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Kerala Assembly Constituencies}}<br />
<br />
{{Kerala Niyamasabha elections}}<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Kerala]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:State assembly constituencies in Kozhikode district]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br />
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]<br />
[[Category:Koyilandy area]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dhanam_(TV_series)&diff=496603Dhanam (TV series)2026-04-29T04:17:15Z<p>Itssuvam: made a entry...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox television<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| genre = [[Tamil television drama|Drama]]<br />
| executive_producer = <br />
| writer = Estrella Stories Group<br />
| screenplay = {{Plainlist|<br />
* Selvaraj <br />
* Saravanan <br />
* Subamanimala<br />
}}<br />
| director = N. Manjokumar<br />
| starring = {{Plainlist|<br />
* Sathya Devarajan<br />
* Krish <br />
}}<br />
| theme_music_composer = Karaneshwaran<br />
| composer = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
| num_seasons = 1<br />
| num_episodes = <br />
| producer = Kushmavathy<br />
| company = Estrella Stories LLP<br />
| open_theme = <br />
| cinematography = M. Antony<br />
| editor = Aravindraj<br />
| camera = [[Multi-Camera]]<br />
| location = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| runtime = approx. 22–24 minutes per episode<br />
| first_aired = {{Start date|2025|02|17|df=y}}<br />
| last_aired = present<br />
| channel = [[Star Vijay]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Dhanam - Ungalil Oruthi''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Tamil television drama|drama]] television series that premiered on [[Star Vijay]] on 17 February 2025 and streams digitally on [[JioHotstar]]. The show is directed by N. Manjokumar and produced by Kushmavathy under the banner of Estrella Stories LLP.<ref name="dinamaniDate">{{Cite news |title=Dhanam series broadcast date announced |url=https://www.dinamani.com/latest-news/sub-latest-news/2025/Feb/10/dhanam-series-broadcast-date-announced |work=Dinamani |date=10 February 2025}}</ref> It stars Sathya Devarajan and Sathya SK (who is replaced by Krish) in a lead role alongside Priyanka Sankar and trans actor Vaishulisa Vallal in pivotal roles.<ref name="TOIpremiere">{{Cite news |title=Actors Sreekumar and Sathya starrer serial 'Dhanam' set to premiere soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/actors-sreekumar-and-sathya-starrer-serial-dhanam-set-to-premiere-soon/articleshow/117636484.cms |work=The Times of India |date=2025}}</ref> The series is also dubbed in [[Malayalam]] as ''Sindoorapottu'' from 1 September 2025 on [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/sindoorapottu/1271445038 | title=Sindoorapottu | website=[[JioHotstar]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Synopsis ==<br />
The series revolves around ''Dhanam'', a woman auto driver who balances her family responsibilities and struggles against societal challenges.<ref name="Priyanka">{{Cite news |title=Robo Sankar's wife KPY Priyanka started acting in Dhanam serial at Vijay TV |url=https://tamil.timesnownews.com/entertainment/robo-sankar-wife-kpy-priyanka-started-to-acting-in-dhanam-serial-at-vijay-television-she-as-women-auto-driver-in-serial-priyanka-started-from-short-film-to-small-screeen-article-151642607 |work=Times Now Tamil |date=2025}}</ref><ref name="IEpromo">{{Cite news |title=Tamil serial Dhanam vs Veera troll promo update |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil-serial-dhanam-vs-veera-troll-promo-update-in-tamil-8675794 |work=The Indian Express Tamil |date=2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
===Main===<br />
* Sathya Devarajan as Dhanalakshmi a.k.a. Dhanam: Ganesha Moorthy's widow and Kathiresan's wife.<ref name="DinamaniViral">{{Cite news |title=Actress Sathya Devarajan viral video for Dhanam serial |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Jul/01/actress-sathya-devarajan-viral-video-for-dhanam-serial-vijay-tv |work=Dinamani |date=1 July 2025}}</ref><br />
* Sathya SK (2025) / Krish (Aug.2025–present) as Manaparai Kathiresan alias Kathir: Dhanam's second husband<br />
<br />
=== Supporting ===<br />
* Rekha Angelina / Agalaya Agal as Vasuki: Kathir's mother<br />
* [[Roopa Sree]] as Rukku a.k.a Rukmani: Ganesha Moorthy's mother.<br />
* Ishwarya Ravichandran as Soundarya : Ganesha Moorthy's sister. Shanmugam’s Wife<br />
* Arjun Arumugam as Shanmugam : Soundarya's Husband. Ganesha Moorthy’s friend.<br />
* Janhave Tanav as Nila: Kathir's foster daughter<br />
* V.J. Kalyani as Shalini: Ganesha Moorthy 's sister. <br />
* Douglas Kumaramoorthi as Douglas: Kathir's friend<br />
* Peter as Satriyan : Ganesha Moorthy's Brother and Killer<br />
* Priyanka as Maragatham: Rukku's Sister, Ganesha Moorthy, Soundarya, Shalini, Satriyan’s maternal aunt.<br />
* Priyanka Robo Shankar as Maari<ref name="Priyanka"/><br />
* Vaishulisa Vallal as Nandhini<ref name="Vaishulisa"/><br />
* Bhuvaneshwari as Bhuvana<br />
* Rakshitaa Maggie as Fathima<br />
* Stella Marshal as Stella<br />
* Sreedevi Muthukrishnan as Ammu<br />
* Shilpa Mary Teresa as Sornavathy: Rukku's sister-in-law <br />
* Gurupharan as Pandi<br />
<br />
===Special appearance===<br />
* [[Shreekumar]] as Ganesha Moorthy: Rukku's son, Dhanam's husband. (2025) (Dead)<ref name="TOIpremiere"/><br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
The show was launched by Vijay TV in early 2025 after the end of ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 7)|Bigg Boss Tamil 7]]''.<ref name="AsianetLaunch">{{Cite news |title=Ayyanar Thunai to Dhanam: Here are the 4 new serials of Vijay TV after Bigg Boss end |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/ayyanar-thunai-to-dhanam-here-the-4-new-serials-of-vijay-tv-after-bigg-boss-end-gan-soke57 |work=Asianet News Tamil |date=2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Casting ===<br />
[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]] fame Sathya Devarajan was cast in the female lead role as Dhanam, by making this her first lead role. At the time of casting, Sathya had been participating in the television series ''[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal 2]]''; Sathya would end up leaving her role there in order to join the Dhanam cast. Actor [[Shreekumar]] plays an extended special appearance as Ganesha Moorthy.<ref name="TOIpremiere"/> Actor Sathya SK was cast in the male lead role as Manaparai Kathiresan, marking his return after ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 7)|Bigg Boss Tamil 7]]''. However, he also left resulting in Krish to play the role in August 2025.<ref name="TOIquit">{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss Tamil fame Sathya quits Tamil daily soap Dhanam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-fame-sathya-quits-tamil-daily-soap-dhanam/articleshow/123303462.cms |work=The Times of India |date=2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
In May 2025 Priyanka Sankar was cast to play supporting role Maari.<ref name="Priyanka"/> In after few Months Trans Actress Vaishulisa Vallal was cast as Nandhini.<ref name="Vaishulisa">{{Cite news |title=Trans actor Vaishulisa Vallal bags pivotal role on TV show Dhanam |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/tv/2025/Aug/01/trans-actor-vaishulisa-vallal-bags-pivotal-role-on-tv-show-dhanam |work=Indulge Express |date=1 August 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Promotion and reception ==<br />
The show's promotional campaign drew attention by comparing it with other series like ''[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]]''.<ref name="Promo">{{Cite news |title=Like Ethirneechal Madhumitha, another serial actress came from Sun TV to Vijay TV: Guess who's that? |url=https://tamil.timesnownews.com/entertainment/like-ethirneechal-madhumitha-another-serial-actress-came-from-sun-tv-to-vijay-tv-guess-whos-that-vijay-television-brand-new-serial-dhanam-cast-promo-telecast-time-and-date-article-117621907 |work=Times Now Tamil |date=2025}}</ref> To celebrate the storyline focusing on women auto drivers, the ''Dhanam'' team hosted a special treat and party for 50 women auto drivers.<ref name="IEdrivers">{{Cite news |title=Dhanam team treat to 50 women auto drivers |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil-serial-dhanam-team-treat-to-50-women-auto-drivers-8753146 |work=The Indian Express Tamil |date=2025}}</ref><ref name="AsianetDrivers">{{Cite news |title=Vijay TV's Dhanam serial hosted a party for female auto drivers in Tamil Nadu |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/vijay-tv-s-dhanam-serial-hosted-a-party-for-female-auto-drivers-in-tamil-rsk-ss8cuy |work=Asianet News Tamil |date=2025}}</ref><ref name="IEPS">{{Cite news |title=Pandian Stores' Dhanam Vijay TV serial |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/pandian-stores-dhanam-vijay-tv-serial-tamil-serial-news-228139/ |work=The Indian Express Tamil |date=2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/dhanam/1271392717 Dhanam - JioHotstar]<br />
<br />
{{STAR Vijay TV shows}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2025 Tamil-language television series debuts]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language melodrama television series]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]<br />
[[Category:Star Vijay original programming]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language television series]]<br />
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=B._M._Sundaravadanan&diff=488655B. M. Sundaravadanan2026-04-24T14:05:17Z<p>Itssuvam: Made...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Medical doctor}}<br />
{{Indian patronymic|Sundaravadanan|Bangalore Madavaraya Mudaliar}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = B. M. Sundaravadanan<br />
| image = Images - 2021-12-05T175236.712.jpg<br />
| image_size =<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=no|1900|12|05}}<br />
| birth_place = [[North Arcot District]], [[Madras Presidency]]<br />
| death_date = {{Death date|1995|12|28}}<br />
| death_place = [[Chennai]], India<br />
| resting_place = <br />
| resting_place_coordinates = <br />
| birth_name = Bangalore Madavaraya Mudaliar Sundaravadanan<br />
| occupation = Surgeon<br />
| yearsactive = <br />
| spouse = Lakshmibai Sundaravadanan<br />
| domesticpartner = <br />
| children = <br />
| parents = <br />
| influences = <br />
| influenced = <br />
| website = <br />
| awards = <br />
| office1 = Founder and Vice Chair of Association of Surgeons of India<br />
| term_start1 = <br />
| term_end1 = <br />
| office2 = Founder and President of The Kilpauk Benefit Saswatha Nithi Limited<br />
| term_start2 = 1938<br />
| term_end2 = 1991<br />
| office3 = Chairman of Tamil Nadu Medical Council<br />
| term_start3 = 1970<br />
| term_end3 = 1976<br />
| alma_mater = [[Madras Medical College]], Chennai<br />
| term1 = 1938 <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''B. M. Sundaravadanan''' was an Indian surgeon,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dinamani.com/editorial-articles/special-stories/2021/sep/13/special-article-mudaliars-who-maketh-madras-3697360.html |title=சென்னை உருவாக்கத்தில் முதலியார்கள்! |trans-title=Others in the creation of Chennai! |first=Vaishali |last=Vijayakumar |date=13 September 2021 |website=Dinamani |language=ta |access-date=2021-12-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205093102/https://www.dinamani.com/editorial-articles/special-stories/2021/sep/13/special-article-mudaliars-who-maketh-madras-3697360.html |archive-date=2021-12-05}}</ref> educationalist and a philanthropist from [[Madras]]. He was an alumnus of the [[Madras Medical College]] and the First Honorary surgeon of Madras Medical College.<ref name="kbsnidhi">{{Cite web |url=http://www.kbsnidhi.com/about.php |title=Founders: Dr.B.M.Sundaravadanan |website=The Kilpauk Benefit Saswatha Nidhi Limited |access-date=2021-12-05 }}</ref> He also served as the chairman<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tamilnadumedicalcouncil.org/info/presidents |title=Presidents |access-date=2021-12-05 |website=Tamil Nadu Medical Council}}</ref> of the Tamil Nadu Medical Council.<br />
<br />
Sundaravadanan was one of the first medical practitioners to start their hospital in [[EVR Periyar Salai]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/ph-road-remains-doctors-dream-destination/article5767689.ece |title=P.H. Road remains doctors' dream destination |last=M. |first=Serena Josephine |date=2014-03-10 |language=en-IN |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2021-12-05 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> which is now regarded as the "Med street" of Chennai.<br />
<br />
Sundaravadanan was born in a [[Thuluva Vellala]] Mudaliar family of Madras. MM road (Madhavaraya Mudaliar Road) in Frazer town of Bangalore City is named after his father Madhavaraya Mudaliar. He was also the President of Tuluva Vellala Association<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tuluvavellala.org/former-presidents/ |title=Former Presidents |website=Tuluva Vellala Association |access-date=2021-12-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> and associated educational institutions. Sundaravadanan was also the founder of Dr. B. M. Sundaravadanan Trust schools<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/downtown/Lions-Club-empowers-students-with-English-training/article14176275.ece |title=Lions Club empowers students with English training |last=Thomas |first=Liffy |date=2016-03-26 |language=en-IN |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=2021-12-05 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> at [[Shenoy Nagar]], [[Chennai]].<br />
<br />
Sundaravadanan, along with [[A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar|Dr Arcot Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar]], was one of the founders of Association of Surgeons of India (ASI).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://asiindia.org/wp-content/uploads/asi-hand-book-2021.pdf |title=Handbook 2021 |location=Chennai |publisher=The Association of Surgeons of India}}</ref> The Association of Surgeons of India has named the Best Teacher Award<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.themeditube.com/editorialboard/general-surgery/editor/profile48 |title=Prof. Sivapatham Vittal - Advisory Chair - General Surgery |website=The MediTube.com |access-date=2021-12-05}}</ref> after Sundaravadanan. [[Sivapatham Vittal]] was one of the recipients of Dr. B. M. Sundaravadanan Best Teacher Award. Sundaravadanan was also the founder president of The Kilpauk Benefit Saswatha Nithi Limited.<ref name="kbsnidhi"/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sundaravadanan, B. M.}}<br />
[[Category:Indian medical doctors]]<br />
[[Category:1900 births]]<br />
[[Category:1995 deaths]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Praveen_Keshav_Vohra&diff=526571Praveen Keshav Vohra2026-04-24T09:29:07Z<p>Itssuvam: Started New Entry</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Commandant of the Air Force Academy, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]]<br />
| name = Praveen Keshav Vohra<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=IND|size=90%|UYSM|AVSM|VM}}<br />
| native_name =<br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| image = File:Air Marshal Praveen Keshav Vohra.jpg<br />
| image_size = 230px<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = <!-- {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}} if dead --><br />
| death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} death date first, then birth date --><br />
| death_place = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| birth_place = <br />
| allegiance = {{Country|India}}<br />
| branch = {{Air force|India}}<br />
| service_years = 19 December 1987 – Present<br />
| rank = [[File:Indian IAF OF-8.svg|24px]] [[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]]<br />
| military_blank1 = [[Service number]]<br />
| military_data1 = 19162<br />
| unit = [[No. 47 Squadron IAF|No. 47 Squadron]]<br />
| commands = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[File:Air Force Academy, IAF.png|18px]] [[Air Force Academy (India)|Air Force Academy]]<br />
* [[Halwara Air Force Station|9 Wing]]<br />
* [[No. 47 Squadron IAF|No. 47 Squadron]]<br />
}}<br />
| battles = <br />
| battles_label = <br />
| military_blank2 = Awards<br />
| military_data2 = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[File:Uttam Yudh Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal]]<br />
* [[File:Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]<br />
* [[File:Vayusena Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Vayu Sena Medal]]<br />
}}<br />
| spouse = <br />
| relations = <br />
| laterwork = <br />
| signature = <br />
| website = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| memorials = <br />
| signature_size = <br />
| signature_alt = <br />
| module = <br />
| alma_mater = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Air marshal (India)|Air Marshal]] '''Praveen Keshav Vohra,''' [[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal|UYSM]], [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]] is a serving [[air officer]] of the [[Indian Air Force]]. He is currently serving as the [[Integrated Defence Staff|Deputy Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (Policy Planning & Force Development)]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2026-03-11 |title=Air Marshal Praveen Keshav Vohra Appointed Deputy Chief of Integrated Defence Staff - SSBCrack News |url=https://news.ssbcrack.com/air-marshal-praveen-keshav-vohra-appointed-deputy-chief-of-integrated-defence-staff/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> He previously served as [[Commandant of the Air Force Academy (India)|Commandant of the Air Force Academy]], prior to that he was Senior Air Staff Officer, [[Western Air Command (India)|Western Air Command]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1 Dec 2023 |title=AIR MARSHAL PRAVEEN KESHAV VOHRA TAKES OVER AS SENIOR AIR STAFF OFFICER, WESTERN AIR COMMAND, IAF |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1981590&reg=3&lang=2 |website=PIB}}</ref> He is also the Commodore Commandant of the [[No. 47 Squadron IAF|No. 47 Squadron]].<br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
The [[Air Marshal (India)|Air marshal]] is an alumnus of the [[National Defence Academy]], Khadakwasla and the [[Air Force Academy (India)|Air Force Academy]], Dundigal. He subsequently attended the [[Defence Services Staff College]], Wellington and the [[Centre for Defence and Strategic Studies|Centre of Defence and Strategic Studies]], [[Canberra]], [[Australia]].<br />
<br />
== Military career ==<br />
He was commissioned into the fighter stream of the [[Indian Air Force]] on 19 December 1987 from the [[Air Force Academy (India)|Air Force Academy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=140 Pilot Course Indian Air Force |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/courses/courselist.php?qunit=140 |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref> In a career spanning over three decades, he has over 3500 hours of flying experience across various fighter jets and has tenanted various staff and instructional appointments. He is a highly experienced fighter pilot, qualified flying instructor and a fighter combat leader who has flown a variety of combat and trainer aircraft and has flown all variants of [[MiG-21]] and the [[MiG-29]]. He is a category 'A' qualified flying instructor. He has served as a flying instructor at [[Flying Instructors School (India)|Flying Instructors School]], [[Tambaram]] and was a founder member of the Indian Air Force's formation aerobatic team, the [[Surya Kiran|Suryakirans]]' flying the indigenous Kiran Mk-II aircraft. The Air Marshal's operational tenures include being the commanding officer of [[No. 47 Squadron IAF|No. 47 Squadron]] at [[Adampur Air Force Station]]. As a [[Group captain (India)|Group Captain]], he served as the Director of Joint Operations Planning,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dte:Joint Ops Planning, Air HQ, Indian Air Force - Database |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/JPG%20AHQ |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref> as the Director (Opl Plg and Assesstment)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Service Record of Air Marshal Praveen Keshav Vohra 19162 F(P) |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/19162 |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref> and later as the DPO-4 at the Air Headquarters, [[New Delhi]].<br />
<br />
As an [[Air commodore (India)|Air Commodore]], he served as the [[air officer commanding|Air Officer Commanding]] of 9 Wing, [[Halwara Air Force Station|Halwara]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Officer Commanding of 9 Wing |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/9%20Wing |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref> as the Air Assistant to the [[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of Air Staff]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Assistant to Chief of Air Staff Appointments at Air Headquarters |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/AirHQ |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref> and later as the Air Commodore (Opl Plg Assesstment and Strategy). As an [[Air vice marshal (India)|Air Vice Marshal]], he served as the [[air officer commanding|Air Officer Commanding]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Officer Commanding, Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/list.php?qunit=J%26K |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=J-K: Air Vice Marshal Vohra calls on DGP to discuss security |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/j-k-air-vice-marshal-vohra-calls-on-dgp-to-discuss-security20230612231238/ |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref> and as the Assistant Chief of Air Staff (Ops, Strategy).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dte:Ops Strat, Air HQ, Indian Air Force - Database |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/STRA%20AHQ |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref><br />
<br />
After getting promoted to the rank of [[Air marshal (India)|Air Marshal]], on 1 December 2023, he assumed the appointment of Senior Air Staff Officer, [[Western Air Command (India)|Western Air Command]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Marshal Praveen Keshav Vohra takes over as Senior Air Staff Officer, Western Air Command, IAF |url=https://www.sps-aviation.com/appointments/?id=464&h=Air-Marshal-MSG-Menon-VSM-takes-over-as-Director-General-Wks-and-Cer-of-IAF |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=www.sps-aviation.com}}</ref> Later on 1 June 2025, he took over as the [[Commandant of the Air Force Academy (India)|Commandant of the Air Force Academy]].<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-10-24 |title=Air Force Academy, Dundigal honoured with 'Pride of the Training Command' trophy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/air-force-academy-dundigal-honoured-with-pride-of-the-training-command-trophy/article70197653.ece |access-date=2026-01-13 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> On 10 March 2026, he assumed the appointment of [[Integrated Defence Staff|Deputy Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (Policy Planning & Force Development)]] at the headquarters [[Integrated Defence Staff]].<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== Awards and decorations ==<br />
During his career, the air marshal has been awarded the [[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal]] on Independence Day 2025 for his role during [[2025 India–Pakistan conflict|Operation Sindoor]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2025 |title=President approves 127 Gallantry awards, 40 Distinguished Service awards & 290 Mention-in-Despatches on the eve of 79th Independence Day |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2156515 |website=PIB Delhi}}</ref> the [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] in 2017<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2017 |title=The President has approved award of 398 Gallantry and other Defence decorations to Armed Forces personnel and others on the eve of the 68th Republic Day Celebrations. |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive2/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=157683 |website=PIB}}</ref> and the Vayu Sena Medal in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 Jan 2007 |title=Republic Day Gallantry and other Defence Decorations 2007 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=24335&reg=3&lang=2 |website=PIB}}</ref><br />
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"<br />
| colspan="4" |{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=Uttam Yudh Seva Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} {{Ribbon devices|ribbon=Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=Vayusena Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}<br />
|[[File:IND_Samanya_Seva_medal.svg|105x105px]]<br />
|[[File:IND Siachen Glacier Medal Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]<br />
|[[File:IND_Operation_Vijay_medal.svg|105x105px]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:IND_Operation_Parakram_medal.svg|105x105px]]<br />
|[[File:IND_Sainya_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]<br />
|[[File:IND_High_Altitude_Medal_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]<br />
|[[File:75yearmedal.svg|105x105px]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:IND_50th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg|105x105px]]<br />
|[[File:IND_30_Years_Long_Service_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]<br />
|[[File:IND_20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105x105px]]<br />
|[[File:IND_9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105x105px]]<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"<br />
| colspan="2" |[[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal]]<br />
| colspan="2" |[[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Vayu Sena Medal]]<br />
|[[Samanya Seva Medal]]<br />
|[[Siachen Glacier Medal]]<br />
|[[Operation Vijay Medal]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Operation Parakram Medal]]<br />
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Sainya Seva Medal]]<br />
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|High Altitude Medal]]<br />
| style="text-align: center;" |[[75th Independence Anniversary Medal (India)|75th Independence Anniversary Medal]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align: center;" |[[50th Independence Anniversary Medal]]<br />
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|30 Years Long Service Medal]]<br />
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|20 Years Long Service Medal]]<br />
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|9 Years Long Service Medal]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Dates of ranks ==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="background:white"<br />
!Insignia<br />
!Rank<br />
!Component<br />
!Date of rank<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-1a.svg|64x64px]]<br />
|[[Pilot Officer]]<br />
|Indian Air Force<br />
|19 December 1987<ref name=":1"/><br />
|-<br />
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-1b.svg|64x64px]]<br />
|[[Flying officer|Flying Officer]]<br />
|Indian Air Force<br />
|19 December 1988<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-2.svg|64x64px]]<br />
|[[Flight Lieutenant]]<br />
|Indian Air Force<br />
|19 December 1992<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-3.svg|64x64px]]<br />
|[[Squadron Leader]]<br />
|Indian Air Force<br />
|19 December 1998<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-4.svg|64x64px]]<br />
|[[Wing commander (rank)|Wing Commander]]<br />
|Indian Air Force<br />
|11 May 2004<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-5.svg|64x64px]]<br />
|[[Group Captain]]<br />
|Indian Air Force<br />
|1 January 2010<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-6.svg|65x65px]]<br />
|[[Air commodore (India)|Air Commodore]]<br />
|Indian Air Force<br />
|1 December 2014<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-7.svg|65x65px]]<br />
|[[Air vice marshal (India)|Air Vice Marshal]]<br />
|Indian Air Force<br />
|1 January 2021<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-8.svg|65x65px]]<br />
|[[Air marshal (India)|Air Marshal]]<br />
|Indian Air Force<br />
|1 December 2023<ref name=":0" /><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vohra, Praveen Keshav}}<br />
[[Category:Indian Air Force air marshals]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Uttam Yudh Seva Medal]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Vayu Sena Medal]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Air marshals]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Air Force]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Defence Force officers]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ali_Mohammad_Jan&diff=485515Ali Mohammad Jan2026-04-22T19:25:59Z<p>Itssuvam: Stub...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Kashmiri Physician (1914 – 1988)}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = <br />
| name = Ali Mohammad Jan<br />
| image = Dr Ali Jan.jpg<br />
| native_name = علی محمد جان فاضلی<br />
| native_name_lang = ks<br />
| birth_name = Ali Mohammad Fazili<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1914|09|03}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1988|10|31|1914|09|03}}<br />
| burial_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
| education = [[King Edward Medical University|King Edward Medical College, Lahore]] ([[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]]) <br>[[Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh]] (DCH), (MRCP)<br />
| occupation = [[Physician]], medical educator<br />
| known_for = Diagnostic skill and patient care<br />
| title = Luqman of Kashmir<br />
| father = Ghulam Rasool Fazili<br />
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (1975)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ali Mohammad Jan Fazili''' ([[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] and {{langx|ur|علی محمد جان فاضلی}}, 3 September 1914 – 31 October 1988) was a [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiri]] [[physician]] known for his diagnostic skills and patient care. Known locally as the "''[[Luqman]] of Kashmir''",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lal |first=Dr Altaf |date=2024-12-24 |title=Celebrating the genius of Dr Ali Jan |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/opinion/celebrating-the-genius-of-dr-ali-jan/ |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=Greater Kashmir |language=en-US}}</ref> he became well known in the region for his medical expertise and dedication to the welfare of his community.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gillani |first=Syed Shadab Ali |date=2023-12-26 |title=Top 100 Kashmir Doctors |url=https://kashmirlife.net/top-100-kashmir-doctors-vol-15-issue-39-335257/ |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=Kashmir Life - Latest News & Breaking News from Kashmir |language=en-GB}}</ref> He was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 1975 for his contributions to the field of [[medicine]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Himachal PLUS |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20100203/jkplus.htm |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Awardees {{!}} Awards |url=https://awards.gov.in/Awardee |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=awards.gov.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Born on 3 September 1914 in Gojwara, [[Srinagar]], Ali Jan was born to the Fazili family. He completed his [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]] degree from [[King Edward Medical University|King Edward Medical College]], [[Lahore]], in 1937.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=saleemir |date=2022-06-07 |title=Dr. Ali Jan the Great |url=https://kashmirhealth.com/dr-ali-jan-the-great/ |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=Kashmir Health |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
He pursued postgraduate studies in the United Kingdom, earning a Diploma in Child Health (DCH) and membership of the [[Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh|Royal College of Physicians]] (MRCP, [[Edinburgh]]).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Dr Ali Jan, Kashmir's 'magic healer' and his family of spiritual leaders |url=https://www.awazthevoice.in/heritage-news/dr-ali-jan-kashmir-s-magic-healer-and-his-family-of-spiritual-leaders-8008.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250923124933/https://www.awazthevoice.in/heritage-news/dr-ali-jan-kashmir-s-magic-healer-and-his-family-of-spiritual-leaders-8008.html |archive-date=2025-09-23 |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=awazthevoice |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite book |last1=Makhdoomi |first1=Rumana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TBzXEAAAQBAJ |title=Warriors and Falcons: Life Sketches of 100 Outstanding Kashmiri Doctors |last2=Khan |first2=Faroque A. |publisher=Partridge Publishing India |year=2023 |isbn=978-1543709261}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mufti |first=Gulzar |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Kashmir_in_Sickness_and_in_Health/AoAcAgAAQBAJ |title=Kashmir in Sickness and in Health |date=2013-09-24 |publisher=Partridge Publishing |isbn=978-1-4828-0998-5 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Medical career ==<br />
Ali Jan began his medical career by working in rural areas across [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], providing healthcare for over a decade{{when|date=September 2025}}. After completing his studies in the United Kingdom, he joined government medical services, including a period at the Chest and Disease Hospital in Drogjan, [[Srinagar]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=GILANI |first=SYED NISSAR H. |date=2025-08-02 |title=Healing the Valley: Missionary Hospitals & Kashmirs Healthcare |url=https://risingkashmir.com/healing-the-valley-missionary-hospitals-kashmirs-healthcare/ |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=Rising Kashmir |language=en-US}}</ref> He later resigned to establish a private practice. <br />
<br />
He was known for his capacity to diagnose various ailments through [[physical examination]], often relying less on advanced diagnostic tests.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Life |first=Kashmir |date=2022-06-09 |title=Legendary Ali Jan |url=https://kashmirlife.net/legendary-ali-jan-vol-14-issue-10-293784/ |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=Kashmir Life |language=en-GB}}</ref> Locally, he was sometimes referred to as a "magic healer" or "Luqman-e-Kashmir"{{Efn|meaning ''Luqman of Kashmir'', referring to the [[Quran]]ic figure [[Luqman]], and honouring Ali Jan as a wise and insightful healer in the Kashmir.}} due to his reputation for accurate diagnoses.<ref name=":0" /> He was widely believed to possess a ''Dast-e-Shifa'', or the power of healing through his touch.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
Jan built a residence in Magharmal Bagh, [[Srinagar]], which also functioned as his [[clinic]]. The building remains a local landmark, for his contributions to healthcare in the region, though the clinic has been unoccupied since the death of his second wife, Dr. Tajwar.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
Jan was involved in several medical and public health institutions in Jammu and Kashmir. He served as funder and president of the ''Rotary Club of Kashmir'' and the ''Tuberculosis Association of Kashmir'', through which he participated in initiatives providing free medical consultations in remote villages. He also contributed to medical education and research in the region and played a role in the establishment of [[Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences|Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS)]] as a tertiary care and super speciality hospital. Jan served as vice-president of the Governing Body of SKIMS, Soura, and chaired its Apical Selection Committee. In addition, he was a member of the ''Jammu and Kashmir State Health and Family Planning Advisory Committee''.<ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
=== Awards ===<br />
In recognition of his services to medicine and [[public health]], the [[Government of India]] honoured Jan with the [[Padma Shri]], [[India]]'s fourth-highest civilian honour in 1975. The award was conferred in the category of Medicine.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><br />
<br />
== Death and commemoration ==<br />
Some sources state that Ali Jan died of pancreatic cancer on 31 October 1988 in a hospital in the United States and was later returned to [[Srinagar]] for burial.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
Thirty-six years after his death, the Kashmir Care Foundation (KCF), under its "Kashmiri Global Connect" initiative, organized an event titled ''Clinical Sciences: Treatment Using Local Knowledge'' to honour his life and contributions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Empowering Youth with the Power of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning – Kashmir Care Foundation |url=https://kashmircarefoundation.org/artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning/ |access-date=2025-09-23 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
Dr. Ali Jan road in [[Srinagar]], connecting [[Downtown, Srinagar|Downtown]] and [[Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences|SKIMS]], [[Soura, Srinagar|Soura]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Salam |first=Auqib |date=2022-06-07 |title=Inordinate delay in restoration of Dr Ali Jan Road takes toll on commuters |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/srinagar/inordinate-delay-in-restoration-of-dr-ali-jan-road-takes-toll-on-commuters/ |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=Greater Kashmir |language=en-US}}</ref> was named in his memory.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<references group="lower-alpha" /><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jan, Ali Mohammad}}<br />
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]<br />
[[Category:1914 births]]<br />
[[Category:1988 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Kashmiri Muslims]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shyam_Lal_Yadav&diff=535545Shyam Lal Yadav2026-04-21T12:15:17Z<p>Itssuvam: Made a entry.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| honorific_prefix =<br />
| name = Shyam Lal Yadav<br />
| honorific_suffix = <br />
| image = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| constituency = [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Varanasi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]<ref name=" Previous Lok Sabha ">{{cite news|title=Previous Lok Sabha|publisher=Lok Sabha website|accessdate=December 24, 2013 |url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/lokprev.aspx|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116233330/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/lokprev.aspx|archivedate=16 January 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
| office = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]<br />
| term = 29 December 1984 - 26 November 1989 ([[8th Lok Sabha]])<br />
| predecessor = [[Kamalapati Tripathi]]<br />
| successor = [[Anil Kumar Shastri]]<br />
| office1 = 6th [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]]<br />
| term2 = 30 July 1980 – 4 April 1982<br />
| predecessor2 = [[Ram Niwas Mirdha]]<br />
| successor2 = Himself<br />
| 1blankname3 = [[Vice President of India|Chairman]]<br />
| 1namedata3 = [[Mohammed Hidtayullah]]<br />
| term1 = 28 April 1982 – 29 December 1984<br />
| predecessor1 = Himself<br />
| successor1 = [[Najma Heptullah]]<br />
| birth_date = <br />
| birth_place = [[Varanasi]], ([[Uttar Pradesh]]).<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2005|05|06|1927|03|01|df=y}}.<ref name=" Obituary in Lok Sabha ">{{cite news |title= Obituary in Lok Sabha |publisher= IndiaKanoon.org |accessdate= December 24, 2013 |url= http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/1363882/ |archive-date= 24 December 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131224120706/http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/1363882/ |url-status= live }}</ref><br />
| death_place = [[Varanasi]], ([[Uttar Pradesh]]).<br />
| resting_place = <br />
| resting_place_coordinates = <br />
| birth_name = <br />
| citizenship = {{flag|India}}<br />
| party = [[Indian National Congress|Congress (I)]].<ref name=" Previous Lok Sabha " /><br />
| other_party = <!--For additional political affiliations--><br />
| spouse = <br />
| partner = <!--For those with a domestic partner and not married--><br />
| relations = <br />
| children = Prof. Raj Yadav<br/>Arun Yadav<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| occupation = [[Advocate]].<ref name=" Obituary in Lok Sabha " /><br />
| profession = Advocate, Politician <br />
}}<br />
<br />
''' '''Shyam Lal Yadav''' ''' (1 May 1927 – 6 May 2005) was an Indian politician. He was the [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]] and was Member of [[Parliament of India|Parliament]] in the [[8th Lok Sabha]]. Yadav represented the [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Varanasi]] constituency of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and was a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) political party.<ref name=" Obituary in Lok Sabha " /><ref name=" Former Deputy Chairmen Of The Rajya Sabha ">{{cite news|title=Former Deputy Chairmen Of The Rajya Sabha|publisher=Rajya Sabha website|accessdate=December 24, 2013|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/deputy_chairman/former_deputy_chairmen.asp|archive-date=30 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030113704/http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/deputy_chairman/former_deputy_chairmen.asp|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
Yadav was born in [[Varanasi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Yadav was an [[advocate]] by profession. In his early years, he held various non-political posts. He was Director, District Cooperative Development Federation (Varanasi); Member, [[Uttar Pradesh|UP]] Harijan Welfare Board and President, [[Uttar Pradesh]] Government Hindi Samiti. He has also been the President of [[All-India Yadav Mahasabha]].<br />
<br />
==Politics==<br />
<br />
Shyam Lal Yadav entered politics shortly after [[Independence Day (India)|Indian Independence]]. During his political career, He was first elected assembly member from [[Mughalsarai Assembly constituency|Mughalsarai]] of the then [[Varanasi district]] (now [[Chandauli]]) in 1957 as an Indian National Congress candidate. In 1967, he left Indian National Congress along with [[Chaudhary Charan Singh]] and was elected MLA from [[Mughalsarai Assembly constituency|Mughalsarai]] as a candidate of [[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]] and when [[Chaudhary Charan Singh]] became the [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] for the first time in April 1967, he became first time Minister of in his government. He served as Cabinet Minister of important portfolios like Industries, Information, Law, Food and Civil Supplies and Parliamentary Affairs. Later, he rejoined the Indian National Congress.In 1970, he was elected [[Rajya Sabha]] member from [[Uttar Pradesh]] and reelected to the Raj Sabha for the second time 1976.In 1982, he was elected to the Rajya Sabha for the third time and was elected the [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]] in the same year and when Rajiv Gandhi became the Prime Minister after the [[assassination of Indira Gandhi]], he was very close to her. In the 1984 Lok Sabha elections, on the instructions of Rajiv Gandhi, he was Resigned from the post of Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha and contested elections in place of [[Kamlapati Tripathi]] from [[Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency]] and got elected by getting 40.7% votes.<ref name=" Obituary in Lok Sabha " /><ref>{{Cite web |title=राज्यसभा के उपसभापति व प्रखर कांग्रेसी श्यामलाल यादव की पुण्य तिथि पर अन्नपूर्णा सेवा का आयोजन - Annapurna service organized on death anniversary of Shyamlal Yadav Rajya Sabha Deputy Chairman and strong Congressman |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi-city-annapurna-service-organized-on-death-anniversary-of-shyamlal-yadav-rajya-sabha-deputy-chairman-and-strong-congressman-20249629.html |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=National Informatics |title=Digital Sansad |url=https://sansad.in/rs |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=Digital Sansad |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Commonwealth Parliamentary Association===<br />
<br />
Yadav was a member of Indian Parliamentary Delegation to the 19th (1973) & 30th (1984) [[Commonwealth Parliamentary Association|Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference]] that were held in [[London]] & [[Isle of Man]] respectively.<ref name=" Obituary in Lok Sabha " /><br />
<br />
===Inter-Parliamentary Conferences===<br />
<br />
Yadav also participated in the Inter-Parliamentary Conferences as a member of Indian Parliamentary Delegation. He attended 68th (1981) & 69th (1982) conferences held in [[Havana]] & [[Rome]] respectively.<ref name=" Obituary in Lok Sabha " /><br />
<br />
==Posts Held==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! # !! From !! To !! Position<br />
|-<br />
| 01 || 1957 || 1962 || Member, [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
|-<br />
| 02 || 1967 || 1968 || Member, [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
|-<br />
| 03 || 1967 || 1968 || [[Minister (government)|Minister]] of Law, [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
|-<br />
| 04 || 1967 || 1968 || [[Minister of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|Parliamentary Affairs Minister]], [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
|-<br />
| 05 || 1967 || 1968 || [[Minister (government)|Minister]] of Food and Civil Supplies, [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
|-<br />
| 06 || 1967 || 1968 || [[Minister (government)|Minister]] of Industries, [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
|-<br />
| 08 || 1970 || 1984 || Member, [[Rajya Sabha]]<br />
|-<br />
| 09 || 1980 || 1984 || [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]]<br />
|-<br />
| 10 || 1984 || 1989 || Elected to [[8th Lok Sabha]]<br />
|-<br />
| 12 || 1988 || 1989 || Union [[Minister of State]] for Agriculture and Cooperation.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|India}}<br />
*[[8th Lok Sabha]]<br />
*[[List of members of the Rajya Sabha]]<br />
*[[Politics of India]]<br />
*[[Parliament of India]]<br />
*[[Government of India]]<br />
*[[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)]]<br />
*[[Commonwealth Parliamentary Association]]<br />
*[[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Shyam Lal}}<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]<br />
[[Category:1927 births]]<br />
[[Category:2005 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:People from Varanasi district]]<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Politicians from Varanasi]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1957–1962]]<br />
[[Category:Deputy chairmen of the Rajya Sabha]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1967–1969]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinarayi_Vijayan&diff=481346Pinarayi Vijayan2026-04-21T09:18:36Z<p>Itssuvam: added lead as per guidelines after review</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br />
{{family name hatnote|Pinarayi|Vijayan|Indian name|lang=Toponymic}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Pinarayi Vijayan<br />
| image = File:Pinarayi Vijayan 1.jpg<br />
| caption =<br />
| order = <br />
| office = 12th [[Chief Minister of Kerala]]<br />
| governor = {{ubl|[[P. Sathasivam]]|[[Arif Mohammad Khan]]|[[Rajendra Arlekar]]}}<br />
| term_start = 25 May 2016<br />
| predecessor = [[Oommen Chandy]]<br />
{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Departments under Chief Minister<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kerala.gov.in/subsubdetail/MTY4MTA0MDc2Ljg=/MTA0MDE0Mzk3LjUy |title=Official Web Portal - Government of Kerala |website=kerala.gov.in |publisher=Government of Kerala |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260328081927/https://kerala.gov.in/subsubdetail/MTY4MTA0MDc2Ljg=/MTA0MDE0Mzk3LjUy |archive-date=28 March 2026 |access-date=28 March 2026}}</ref>}}<br />
| 1blankname1 = [[Second Vijayan ministry|Ministry and Departments]]<br />
| 1namedata1 = * Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice<br />
* Airports<br />
* [[All India Services]]<br />
* Coastal Shipping and Inland Navigation (Construction of waterways)<br />
* Disaster Management <br />
* Distress Relief<br />
* Election <br />
* [[Department of Environment (Kerala)|Environment]]<br />
* [[Kerala Fire And Rescue Services|Fire and Rescue Services]] <br />
* [[General Administration Department (Kerala)|General Administration]]<br />
* [[Department of Home (Kerala)|Home]]<br />
* [[Department of Information and Public Relations (Kerala)|Information and Public Relations]]<br />
* [[Department of Electronics and Information Technology (Kerala)|Information Technology]]<br />
* Integration <br />
* Inter - State River Waters - Kaveri, Nila and Periyar Tribunals<br />
* [[Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation]] <br />
* Metro Rail<br />
* [[Department of Non-Resident Keralites Affairs|Non- Resident Keralites’ Affairs]]<br />
* Personnel and Administrative Reforms <br />
* Planning and Economic Affairs<br />
* Pollution Control <br />
* Printing and Stationery<br />
* [[Kerala Prisons and Correctional Services|Prisons]] <br />
* Sainik Welfare<br />
* Scientific Institutes<br />
* [[Department of Science and Technology (Kerala)|Science and Technology]]<br />
* State Hospitality <br />
* [[Vigilance & Anti-Corruption Bureau, Kerala|Vigilance]]<br />
** All important policy matters<br />
** Subjects not mentioned elsewhere<br />
| term_start1 = 25 May 2016<br />
| term_end1 = <br />
| predecessor1 = [[Oommen Chandy]]<br />
{{Collapsed infobox section end}}<br />
| office2 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start2 = 2 June 2016<br />
| predecessor2 = [[K. K. Narayanan]]<br />
| constituency2 = [[Dharmadom (State Assembly constituency)|Dharmadom]]<br />
| term_start3 = 1996<br />
| term_end3 = 2001<br />
| constituency3 = [[Payyanur (State Assembly constituency)|Payyanur]]<br />
| predecessor3 = [[C. P. Narayanan]]<br />
| successor3 = [[P. K. Sreemathi]]<br />
| term_start4 = 1991<br />
| term_end4 = 1996<br />
| constituency4 = [[Kuthuparamba (State Assembly constituency)|Kuthuparamba]]<br />
| predecessor4 = K. P. Mammoo Master<br />
| successor4 = [[K. K. Shailaja]]<br />
| term_start5 = 1970<br />
| term_end5 = 1979<br />
| constituency5 = [[Kuthuparamba (State Assembly constituency)|Kuthuparamba]]<br />
| predecessor5 = K. K. Abee<br />
| successor5 = N. V. Raghavan<br />
| office9 = Member of the [[Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br />
| term_start9 = 24 March 2002<br />
| office10 = [[Secretary]] of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), Kerala]] State Committee<br />
| term_start10 = 25 September 1998<br />
| term_end10 = 23 February 2015<br />
| predecessor10 = [[Chadayan Govindan]]<br />
| successor10 = [[Kodiyeri Balakrishnan]]<br />
| office7 = [[Government of Kerala|Kerala]] [[Third Nayanar ministry|Minister for Electricity]]<br />
| 1blankname7 = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata7 = [[E. K. Nayanar]]<br />
| term_start7 = 20 May 1996<br />
| term_end7 = 19 October 1998<br />
| predecessor7 = [[G. Karthikeyan]]<br />
| successor7 = [[S. Sharma]]<br />
| office8 = [[Government of Kerala|Kerala]] [[Third Nayanar ministry|Minister of Co-operatives]]<br />
| 1blankname8 = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata8 = [[E. K. Nayanar]]<br />
| term_start8 = 20 May 1996<br />
| term_end8 = 19 October 1998<br />
| predecessor8 = [[M. V. Raghavan]]<br />
| successor8 = [[S. Sharma]]<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|05|24}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Pinarayi]], [[Madras Presidency]], British India<br />
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|T. Kamala|1979}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Happy Anniversary മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി പിണറായി വിജയനും ഭാര്യ കമലയ്ക്കും വിവാഹ വാര്ഷിക ആശംസകളുമായി മുഹമ്മദ് റിയാസ്|url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/kerala/muhammed-riyas-wedding-anniversary-wishes-to-pinarayi-vijayan-and-kamala-as-281719.html|access-date=21 April 2021|website=News 18 Malayalam|date=2 September 2020 |language=ml|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502160732/https://malayalam.news18.com/amp/news/kerala/mp-abdusamad-samadani-wins-malappuram-lok-sabha-by-election-jk-377869.html?pv_candidate=1|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| parents = <!--Per [[Template:Infobox person]] only include if notable--><br />
| children = 2<br />
| relatives = [[P. A. Mohammed Riyas]] (son-in-law)<br />
| alma_mater = [[Government Brennen College, Thalassery]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<ref>{{cite news |title=A college that moulded the CM Pinarayi Vijayan, and many more |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/210516/a-college-that-moulded-the-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-and-many-more.html |access-date=25 July 2018 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=21 May 2016 |language=en |archive-date=2 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502160545/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/210516/a-college-that-moulded-the-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-and-many-more.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
| signature = Pinarayi Vijayan Signature.png<br />
| website = {{URL|pinarayivijayan.in}} <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Pinarayi Vijayan''' ({{IPA|ml|piɳɐraːji ʋid͡ʒɐjɐn|lang}}; born 24 May 1945) is an Indian <!--Do not add labels (communist) per MOS:LABEL-->politician who has served as the 12th [[List of chief ministers of Kerala|Chief Minister of Kerala]] and also serving as leader of the house in legislative assembly.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/politics/how-captain-pinarayi-vijayan-led-ldf-in-kerala-is-set-to-break-a-decades-old-record/650583/|title=How 'captain' Pinarayi Vijayan led LDF in Kerala, is set to break a decades-old record|date=2 May 2021|access-date=7 May 2021|archive-date=13 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513172756/https://theprint.in/politics/how-captain-pinarayi-vijayan-led-ldf-in-kerala-is-set-to-break-a-decades-old-record/650583/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/latest/993702/preview-captain-pinarayi-vijayan-likely-to-lead-kerala-again-bjp-vote-share-matter-of-interest|title=Preview: 'Captain' Pinarayi Vijayan likely to lead Kerala again, BJP vote share matter of interest|date=2 May 2021 |access-date=7 May 2021|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502032524/https://scroll.in/latest/993702/preview-captain-pinarayi-vijayan-likely-to-lead-kerala-again-bjp-vote-share-matter-of-interest|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| title = Pinarayi Vijayan to be sworn-in as Kerala chief minister on May 25| url = http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pinarayi-vijayan-to-be-sworn-in-as-kerala-chief-minister-on-may-25/articleshow/52371911.cms| access-date = 21 May 2016| archive-date = 26 July 2016| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160726151224/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pinarayi-vijayan-to-be-sworn-in-as-kerala-chief-minister-on-may-25/articleshow/52371911.cms| url-status = live}}</ref> A member of the [[Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)|politburo]] of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI(M)), he is the longest-serving secretary of the Kerala State Committee of the CPI(M) (1998–2015). He has also served as Minister of Electric Power and Co-operatives during [[Third Nayanar ministry|the third E. K. Nayanar ministry]]. Vijayan won a seat in the [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|May 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]] and [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]] as the CPI(M) candidate for [[Dharmadom (State Assembly constituency)|Dharmadom]] constituency and was selected as the leader of the [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]] (LDF) and became the 12th Chief Minister of Kerala.<ref name="NDTV CM">{{cite web |date=20 May 2016 |title=Pinarayi Vijayan, 72, Will Be Kerala Chief Minister, Not Achuthanandan, 92 |url=http://www.ndtv.com/kerala-news/left-leader-pinarayi-vijayan-to-be-kerala-chief-minister-reports-1408160 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106232104/https://www.ndtv.com/kerala-news/left-leader-pinarayi-vijayan-to-be-kerala-chief-minister-reports-1408160 |archive-date=6 January 2019 |access-date=20 May 2016 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-02 |title=Dharmadam Election Result 2021 LIVE: CM Pinarayi Vijayan wins |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/dharmadam-election-result-2021-live-how-to-check-dharmadam-assembly-vidhan-sabha-election-winners-losers-vote-margin-news-updates-9138711.htm |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS1112.htm?ac=12 | title=General Election to Vidhan Sabha - Trends & result May-2021 | website=results.eci.gov.in | publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref> He is the first chief minister from Kerala to be re-elected after completing a full term (five years) in office.<ref>{{Cite news|title=LDF shatters Kerala's 40-year record, Pinarayi Vijayan now the Marxist Helmsman|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/kerala/ldf-shatters-keralas-40-year-record-pinarayi-vijayan-now-the-marxist-helmsman/articleshow/82359214.cms|access-date=3 May 2021|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206100814/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/kerala/ldf-shatters-keralas-40-year-record-pinarayi-vijayan-now-the-marxist-helmsman/articleshow/82359214.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2022, he also became the longest-continuous serving chief minister of Kerala, surpassing [[C. Achutha Menon]] who had been the first to remain in office for 2364 consecutive days.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Pinarayi Vijayan becomes longest serving CM for 2364 days|work=Mathrubhumi|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/pinarayi-vijayan-completes-2364-days-in-power-1st-kerala-cm-to-achieve-feat-1.8045888|access-date=14 November 2022|archive-date=14 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114085333/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/pinarayi-vijayan-completes-2364-days-in-power-1st-kerala-cm-to-achieve-feat-1.8045888|url-status=live}}</ref> He launched the LIFE Mission (Livelihood Inclusion and Financial Empowerment) as part of the [[Nava Kerala Mission]], aiming to eradicate homelessness and landlessness in Kerala by providing safe housing and promoting financial empowerment through livelihood support, social security schemes, and skill development programs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pinarayi Vijayan |url=https://www.pinarayivijayan.in/visit-details/life-mission-actualising-a-kerala-where-everyone-has-his-own-house-and-means-of-livelihood/ |access-date=2025-07-28}}</ref><ref name="Pinarayi Vijayan’s political career timeline">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Pinarayi Vijayan's political career timeline |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala-assembly/pinarayi-vijayan-political-career-timeline-kerala-assembly-elections-2026/article70772339.ece |access-date=7 April 2026 |publisher=The Hindu |date=7 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260407141324/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala-assembly/pinarayi-vijayan-political-career-timeline-kerala-assembly-elections-2026/article70772339.ece |archive-date=7 April 2026 |language=en-IN}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early and personal life ==<br />
Vijayan was born on 24 May 1945 in [[Pinarayi]], [[Kannur district|Kannur]] into a [[Thiyyar]] family, the largest [[Hindu]] community in [[Kerala]],<ref>https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/profile-of-pinarayi-vijayan-1.1831573</ref> as the youngest son of Maroli Koran and Alakkatt Kalyani.<ref name="birthday">{{cite web|date=8 May 2020|title=Know the Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan|url=https://www.keralacm.gov.in/biography-chief-minister-kerala/|access-date=8 May 2020|website=Kerala CM|archive-date=1 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201025929/https://www.keralacm.gov.in/biography-chief-minister-kerala/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://niyamasabha.nic.in/index.php/content/member_homepage/2370 |title=Members Profile |publisher=Niyamasabha.nic.in |date= |accessdate=2022-08-05 |archive-date=26 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626234117/https://niyamasabha.nic.in/index.php/content/member_homepage/2370 |url-status=live }}</ref> He had 14 siblings of whom only three survived. After graduating from school, he worked as a [[Handloom#Handloom|handloom]] weaver for a year before joining a pre-university course at [[Government Brennen College, Thalassery]]. Subsequently, he earned B.A. Economics degree from the same college.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/210516/a-college-that-moulded-the-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-and-many-more.html | title=A college that moulded the CM Pinarayi Vijayan, and many more | work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] | date=21 May 2016 | access-date=21 May 2016 | archive-date=6 January 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106232051/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/210516/a-college-that-moulded-the-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-and-many-more.html%20 | url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
His wife, Kamala Vijayan, is a retired teacher. They have two children, daughter Veena Vijayan who is married to [[P. A. Mohammed Riyas]], and son Vivek Kiran Vijayan.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Communist leader Pinarayi Vijayan's daughter starts an IT company in Bengaluru|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/keralas/369|access-date=29 June 2019|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629232637/https://www.thenewsminute.com/keralas/369|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Vijayan mum on son's admission|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/vijayan-mum-on-son-s-admission/244666/|access-date=29 June 2019|archive-date=7 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707081000/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/vijayan-mum-on-son-s-admission/244666|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Political career ==<br />
<br />
=== Early political career (1964–1970) ===<br />
[[File:Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan with a team of delegates from European Union Research and Innovation.jpg|360px|left|thumb|Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan with a team of delegates from [[Directorate-General for Research and Innovation|European Union Research and Innovation]]]]<br />
[[File:Chief Minister of Kerala, Shri Pinarayi Vijayan, presenting a Bhairavan Theyyam memento to Prime Minister Narendra Modi.jpg|thumb|Chief Minister of Kerala, Shri Pinarayi Vijayan, presenting a [[Bhairava]]n [[Theyyam]] memento to Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]]]<br />
Pinarayi Vijayan entered politics through student union activities at [[Government Brennen College, Thalassery]]. He eventually joined the Communist Party of India (Marxist) in 1964. Vijayan became Kannur district secretary of the Kerala Students Federation (KSF), which later became the [[Students Federation of India]] (SFI). He went on to become the state secretary and subsequently the state president of KSF. He then moved on to Kerala State Youth Federation (KSYF), which later became the [[Democratic Youth Federation of India]] (DYFI). He became the president of the state committee. During that period, when communists in Kerala were organising the political activities from different hide-outs, Pinarayi Vijayan was imprisoned for one and a half years. Later, he was elected as the president of the Kerala state co-operative bank. He became the [[Kannur]] district secretary of the CPI(M) when [[M.V. Raghavan]] left the party over the 'alternative document' row.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHIEF MINISTER OF KERALA Shri. PINARAYI VIJAYAN|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/chiefm.htm |website=niyamasabha.org}}</ref><br />
<br />
He was one among the accused in Kerala's first political murder case, of that of Vadikkal Ramakrishnan who was killed by an axe on 28 April 1969. Though the court acquitted all the accused due to lack of evidence, this has been used by various political opponents to portray the violent nature of CPI(M) - RSS conflicts in Kannur which has taken more than 200 lives of supporters from both factions.<ref>{{cite web |last=Paul |first=Cithara |date=October 30, 2016 |title=Long live the dead |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/statescan/rss-cpim-kannur.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925000428/https://www.theweek.in/theweek/statescan/rss-cpim-kannur.html |archive-date=25 September 2020 |access-date=21 August 2020 |website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=6 November 2017 |title=Entering the fort red |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/specials/india-file/entering-the-fort-red/article9945733.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504034916/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/specials/india-file/entering-the-fort-red/article9945733.ece |archive-date=4 May 2021 |access-date=21 August 2020 |website=The Hindu Business Line}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Kannur Inside India's Bloodiest revenge politics|author=Ullekh N.P.}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Kerala Assembly (1970–present) ===<br />
At the age of 25, in [[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970 assembly election]] Vijayan contested from [[Kuthuparamba (State Assembly constituency)|Kuthuparamba]] and won the seat making him Kerala's youngest legislator, a record still unbroken.<ref>{{cite news | last=Raghunath| first=Arjun| title=The many survivals of a Communist Chief Minister| work=Deccan Herald| date=19 October 2024| url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/kerala/the-many-survivals-of-a-communist-chief-minister-3240185| access-date=25 July 2025}}</ref> He was elected to the Assembly in 1970, 1977 and 1991 from [[Kuthuparamba (State Assembly constituency)|Kuthuparamba]], in 1996 from [[Payyanur (State Assembly constituency)|Payyanur]] and in 2016, 2021 from [[Dharmadom (State Assembly constituency)|Dharmadom]].<br />
<br />
==== Electoral performance in Kerala Assembly ====<br />
{| class="sortable wikitable"<br />
! style="background:#666; color:white;"|Year<br />
! style="background:#666; color:white;"|Constituency<br />
! colspan="3" style="background:#666; color:white;"|Opponent<br />
! style="background:#666; color:white;"|Result<br />
! style="background:#666; color:white;"|Margin<br />
|-<br />
|[[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970]]<br />
|[[Kuthuparamba Assembly constituency|Kuthuparamba]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}<br />
|Thayath Raghavan<br />
|style="background: #98FB98;" |Won<br />
|style="background: #98FB98;" |743<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1970-election-results.html |title=Kerala Assembly Election - 1970 |publisher=Elections.in |accessdate=20 May 2021 |archive-date=13 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513061324/https://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1970-election-results.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
|[[Kuthuparamba Assembly constituency|Kuthuparamba]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br />
|Abdulkadar <br />
|style="background: #98FB98;" |Won<br />
|style="background: #98FB98;" |4,401<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1977-election-results.html |title=Kerala Assembly Election - 1977 |publisher=Elections.in |accessdate=20 May 2021 |archive-date=6 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506030832/http://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1977-election-results.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br />
|[[Kuthuparamba Assembly constituency|Kuthuparamba]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|P. Ramakrishnan<br />
|style="background: #98FB98;" |Won<br />
|style="background: #98FB98;" |12,960<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1991-election-results.html |title=Kerala Assembly Election - 1991 |publisher=Elections.in |accessdate=20 May 2021 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514073805/https://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1991-election-results.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br />
|[[Payyanur Assembly constituency|Payyannur]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|K. N. Kannoth <br />
|style="background: #98FB98;" |Won<br />
|style="background: #98FB98;" |28,078<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1996-election-results.html |title=Kerala Assembly Election - 1996 |publisher=Elections.in |accessdate=20 May 2021 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516002345/https://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1996-election-results.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br />
|[[Dharmadam Assembly constituency|Dharmadam]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Mambaram Divakaran <br />
|style="background: #98FB98;" |Won<br />
|style="background: #98FB98;" |36,905<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/2016-election-results.html |title=Kerala Assembly Election - 2016 |publisher=Elections.in |accessdate=20 May 2021 |archive-date=15 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515234820/https://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/2016-election-results.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br />
|[[Dharmadam Assembly constituency|Dharmadam]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|C. Raghunathan <br />
|style="background: #98FB98;" |Won<br />
|style="background: #98FB98;" |50,123<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS1112.htm?ac=12|title=Kerala Assembly Election - 2021|publisher=Elections.in|accessdate=4 June 2021|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517202824/https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS1112.htm?ac=12|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== During Emergency (1975) ===<br />
During the [[The Emergency (India)|emergency rule]], when communists in Kerala were organising the political activities from different hide-outs, many CPI(M) members and leaders including Pinarayi Vijayan was imprisoned for one and a half years. He was arrested and tortured by police.<ref>{{cite news |title=On Emergency anniversary, CM Pinarayi calls to step up vigil as 'constitution faces severe threat' |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/on-emergency-anniversary-cm-pinarayi-calls-to-step-up-vigil-as-constitution-faces-severe-threat-1.7636094 |access-date=6 August 2023 |work=[[Mathrubhumi]] |date=25 June 2022 |archive-date=6 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806072734/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/on-emergency-anniversary-cm-pinarayi-calls-to-step-up-vigil-as-constitution-faces-severe-threat-1.7636094 |url-status=live }}</ref> After his release, Pinarayi Vijayan reached the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] and made an impassionate speech against senior Congress leader [[K. Karunakaran]] holding up the blood-stained shirt he wore when in police custody, causing serious embarrassment to the then [[C. Achutha Menon]] government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/magazine/pinarayi-vijayan-kerala-assembly-speech|title = പിണറായിയുടെ 1977 മാര്ച്ച് 30 ലെ നിയമസഭ പ്രസംഗം}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Minister of Electricity and SNC-Lavalin scandal (1996–1998) ===<br />
{{Main|SNC-Lavalin Kerala hydroelectric scandal}}<br />
<br />
In the [[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996 assembly election]], [[E. K. Nayanar]] led [[Left Democratic Front|LDF]] won the election and Vijayan was appointed Minister of Electricity.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Council of Ministers since 1957 – Tenth Kerala Legislative Assembly|publisher=Government of Kerala|url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4216&Itemid=3227|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403103927/http://www.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4216&Itemid=3227|archivedate=3 April 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[SNC-Lavalin Kerala hydroelectric scandal|SNC Lavalin controversy]] in Kerala was a major allegation that rocked Kerala politics. The [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India]] report had stated that the deal Vijayan had struck<ref>{{cite web|title=Pinarayi Vijayan: The first to continue as Kerala CM after full term|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/pinarayi-vijayan-the-first-to-continue-as-kerala-cm-after-full-term20210520150045/|access-date=4 June 2021|website=ANI News|language=en|archive-date=4 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604060753/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/pinarayi-vijayan-the-first-to-continue-as-kerala-cm-after-full-term20210520150045/|url-status=live}}</ref> as electricity minister in 1998 with Lavalin, a Canadian firm, for the repair of three generators, had cost the state exchequer a staggering Rs 375 crores. On 16 January 2007, Kerala High Court ordered a [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] enquiry into the SNC Lavalin case.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/businessline/blnus/27161507.htm |title=Kearala to go by HC order in Lavalin case |publisher=The Hindu Business Line |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209153646/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/businessline/blnus/27161507.htm |archive-date=9 February 2009 }}</ref> There are also reports that the CAG did not report any losses to state exchequer, but that the project did not yield commensurate gains.<ref name="hindu200rfeb">{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=14 February 2006 |title=CAG finds lapses in deal with SNC Lavalin |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/cag-finds-lapses-in-deal-with-snc-lavalin/article3178094.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624055230/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/cag-finds-lapses-in-deal-with-snc-lavalin/article3178094.ece |archive-date=24 June 2016}}</ref> Pinarayi Vijayan had been named as the 9th accused in the case by CBI.<ref>{{cite news|title=CBI finds Pinarayi guilty in Lavalin scam, moralistic CPM yet to act|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-01-22/news/27646792_1_snc-lavalin-cpm-pinarayi-vijayan|access-date=18 November 2010|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=22 January 2009|archive-date=12 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812055705/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-01-22/news/27646792_1_snc-lavalin-cpm-pinarayi-vijayan|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="IE">{{cite news|title=CBI seeks nod to prosecute CPM's Kerala unit chief|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/cbi-seeks-nod-to-prosecute-cpms-kerala-unit-chief/413768/|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=22 January 2009|access-date=13 January 2014|archive-date=6 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506215357/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/cbi-seeks-nod-to-prosecute-cpms-kerala-unit-chief/413768/|url-status=live}}</ref> The CPM led Kerala Government decided not to let Vijayan be prosecuted in the case.<ref>{{cite news<br />
| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-06/thiruvananthapuram/28165109_1_canadian-firm-snc-lavalin-renovation-of-three-hydro-kerala-govt<br />
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121103085844/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-06/thiruvananthapuram/28165109_1_canadian-firm-snc-lavalin-renovation-of-three-hydro-kerala-govt<br />
| url-status = dead<br />
| archive-date = 3 November 2012<br />
| work = [[The Times of India]]<br />
| title = Kerala govt not to prosecute Vijayan in Lavlain case<br />
| date = 6 May 2009<br />
}}</ref> Over-ruling the cabinet recommendation, the Governor allowed CBI to prosecute Vijayan.<ref>{{cite news<br />
| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-08/india/28165212_1_snc-lavlin-sanction-prosecution-vijayan-and-chief-minister<br />
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120923131004/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-08/india/28165212_1_snc-lavlin-sanction-prosecution-vijayan-and-chief-minister<br />
| url-status = dead<br />
| archive-date = 23 September 2012<br />
| work = [[The Times of India]]<br />
| title = Governor allows CBI to prosecute Vijayan<br />
| date = 8 June 2009<br />
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news<br />
| url = http://www.indianexpress.com/news/CBI-gets-Governor-nod-to-book-Pinarayi/472895<br />
| title = CBI gets Governor nod to book Pinarayi<br />
| date = 8 June 2009<br />
| publisher = The Indian Express<br />
| access-date = 8 June 2009<br />
| archive-date = 8 June 2009<br />
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090608232349/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/cbi-gets-governor-nod-to-book-pinarayi/472895/<br />
| url-status = live<br />
}}</ref> Though CPI(M) called Governor's move un-constitutional, then Kerala Chief Minister [[V.S. Achuthanandan]] said there is nothing surprising or wrong in Governor's decision.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kerala CM says governor not wrong, riles CPM|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-11/india/28151623_1_achuthanandan-pinarayi-kerala-governor|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103085852/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-11/india/28151623_1_achuthanandan-pinarayi-kerala-governor|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 November 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/rift-in-kerala-unitcpim-deepens/361521/| title = Rift in Kerala unit of CPIM widens| date = 19 June 2009| publisher = Business Standard.| access-date = 19 June 2009| archive-date = 6 October 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121006221830/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/rift-in-kerala-unitcpim-deepens/361521/| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news<br />
| url = http://www.indianexpress.com/news/time-for-party-to-come-to-aid-of-lavalin-accused/486312/<br />
| title = Time for party to come to aid of Lavalin accused<br />
| date = 8 July 2009<br />
| publisher = Indian Express.<br />
| access-date = 8 July 2009<br />
| archive-date = 15 July 2009<br />
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090715192453/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/time-for-party-to-come-to-aid-of-lavalin-accused/486312/<br />
| url-status = live<br />
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news<br />
| url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090626/jsp/nation/story_11159003.jsp<br />
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130203163903/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090626/jsp/nation/story_11159003.jsp<br />
| url-status = dead<br />
| archive-date = 3 February 2013<br />
| title = Vijayan fund<br />
| date = 25 June 2009<br />
| publisher = Telegraphindia.<br />
}}</ref> On 5 November 2013, the CBI special court discharged Pinarayi Vijayan and the others accused from the list of accused in the SNC-Lavalin Case. The court has allowed a plea made by Pinarayi Vijayan asking his name to be removed from the list of accused in the case. The court held that there isn't any proof of dishonest and fraudulent intentions, abuse of official position and cheating.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kerala CM Pinarayi Vijayan acquitted in SNC-Lavalin case|work=The Economic Times|date=August 23, 2017|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/kerala-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-acquitted-in-snc-lavalin-case/articleshow/60198919.cms|access-date=8 January 2021|archive-date=1 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101012619/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/kerala-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-acquitted-in-snc-lavalin-case/articleshow/60198919.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|date=August 23, 2017|title=Kerala High Court reconfirms CM Pinarayi's acquittal in Lavalin case|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-high-court-chief-minister-pinarayi-vijayan-lavalin-case-1030977-2017-08-23|access-date=8 January 2021|magazine=India Today|language=en|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518110421/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-high-court-chief-minister-pinarayi-vijayan-lavalin-case-1030977-2017-08-23|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== State Secretary of CPIM (Kerala) (1998–2016) ===<br />
{{Further|Communist Party of India (Marxist), Kerala}}<br />
In 1998, he became the state secretary of the CPI(M), following the death of the incumbent [[Chadayan Govindan]]. He was elected to the Politburo of the CPI(M) in 2002.<ref name=cpm>{{cite web|title=Pinarayi Vijayan|url=http://www.cpimkerala.org/eng/pinarayi-vijayan-24.php|publisher=cpimkerala.org|access-date=13 January 2014|archive-date=6 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106232058/https://www.cpimkerala.org/eng/pinarayi-vijayan-24.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> After resigning the post as the Minister of Electricity in 1998, Vijayan assumed the position of state secretary of the CPI(M) for 18 years. Despite the party's declining popularity in [[Left Front (West Bengal)|West Bengal]], [[Left Front (Tripura)|Tripura]] and other regions in India, his leadership of the CPI(M) in Kerala saw the strengthening of the party's base of support in the state.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-22|title=When CPI(M) had a 'pact' with Congress in 2004|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/when-cpi-m-had-a-pact-with-congress-in-2004/story-bi89IR7LejwVr639m7DljP.html|access-date=2020-09-15|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=15 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515124942/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/when-cpi-m-had-a-pact-with-congress-in-2004/story-bi89IR7LejwVr639m7DljP.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He led the party to a landslide victory in the [[2004 Indian general election in Kerala|2004 Indian general election]], [[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006 Kerala assembly election]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2004-08-30|title=AK Antony Resigns|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/ak-antony-resigns/113961/|access-date=2020-09-03|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|archive-date=16 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216174312/https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[2014 Indian general election in Kerala|2014 Indian general election]] and [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016 Kerala assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/current/PN16_04032016.pdf|title=VVPAT usage in 64 seats in 5 states Schedule for the General Elections to the Legislative Assemblies of Assam, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Puducherry.|access-date=15 May 2023|archive-date=22 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322012359/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/current/PN16_04032016.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
On 16 February 2007 the airport security in [[Chennai Airport]] recovered five bullets from Vijayan's baggage. The Chennai airport security released Vijayan after receiving a faxed copy of his license.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/20/stories/2007022011850400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070222111036/http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/20/stories/2007022011850400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 February 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Act against Pinarayi: Chandy |date=20 February 2007}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 26 May 2007 the CPI(M) suspended Vijayan and [[V. S. Achuthanandan]] from the Politburo for their public remarks about each other. Vijayan was later reinstated into the Politburo.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/27/stories/2007052706140100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070528075400/http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/27/stories/2007052706140100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 May 2007 |title=Achuthanandan, Pinarayi Vijayan suspended | location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=27 May 2007}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Positions held ===<br />
* 1964 - Member, [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), Kerala|CPIM Kerala]]<br />
* 1965 - District secretary, [[Students Federation of India|Kerala Student's Federation]] (KSF), [[Kannur]]<br />
* 1966 - State President, [[Students Federation of India|Kerala Student's Federation]] (KSF), [[Kerala]]<br />
* 1968 - District secretary, [[Democratic Youth Federation of India|Kerala State Youth Federation]] (KSYF), [[Kannur]]<br />
* 1969 - State President, [[Democratic Youth Federation of India|Kerala State Youth Federation]] (KSYF), [[Kerala]]<br />
* 1970 - [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|MLA]] [[Kuthuparamba Assembly constituency|Kuthuparamba]] (Term 1)<br />
* 1971 - President, Kerala State Co-operative Bank<br />
* 1972 - District Secretary, [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPIM]], [[Kannur]]<br />
* 1977 - [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|MLA]] [[Kuthuparamba Assembly constituency|Kuthuparamba]] (Term 2)<br />
* 1978 - State committee member, [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), Kerala|CPIM Kerala]]<br />
* 1988 - State secretariat member, [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), Kerala|CPIM Kerala]]<br />
* 1991 - [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|MLA]] [[Kuthuparamba Assembly constituency|Kuthuparamba]] (Term 3)<br />
* 1996 - [[Third Nayanar ministry|Minister of Electricity]], [[Kerala State]].<br />
* 1996 - [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|MLA]] [[Payyanur Assembly constituency|Payyanur]] (Term 4)<br />
* 1998 - State secretary, [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), Kerala|CPIM Kerala]]<br />
* 2002 - Member, [[Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Politburo of the CPIM]]<br />
* 2016 - [[Chief Minister of Kerala]] (Term 1)<br />
* 2016 - [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|MLA]] [[Dharmadam Assembly constituency|Dharmadam]] (Term V)<br />
* 2021 - [[Chief Minister of Kerala]] (Term 2)<br />
* 2021 - [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|MLA]] [[Dharmadam Assembly constituency|Dharmadam]] (Term VI)<br />
<br />
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi inaugurating the Kochi Metro, in Kerala.jpg|thumbnail|Pinarayi Vijayan with Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], inaugurating the [[Kochi Metro]].]]<br />
<br />
== First term as chief minister of Kerala ,2016==<br />
{{Main|First Vijayan ministry}}<br />
<br />
Following the [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016 Legislative Assembly election]], Pinarayi Vijayan became the [[Chief Ministers of Kerala|Chief Minister of Kerala]]. The swearing-in ceremony of his [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]] ministry with [[First Vijayan ministry|19-member cabinet]] was held on 25 May 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Radhakrishnan|first=Sruthi|date=25 May 2016|title=Pinarayi Vijayan swearing-in: As it happened|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/live-pinarayi-vijayan-sworn-in-as-kerala-cm/article8645207.ece|access-date=8 January 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411230641/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/live-pinarayi-vijayan-sworn-in-as-kerala-cm/article8645207.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NDTV CM"/><ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections-2016/kerala-elections-2016/news/Pinarayi-Vijayan-to-be-next-chief-minister-of-Kerala/articleshow/52358503.cms |title=Pinarayi Vijayan to be next chief minister of Kerala |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2016 |archive-date=13 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613000033/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections-2016/kerala-elections-2016/news/pinarayi-vijayan-to-be-next-chief-minister-of-kerala/articleshow/52358503.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Vijayan held the charge of [[Department of Home (Kerala)|Home Affairs]] & [[Vigilance and Anti-Corruption Bureau|Vigilance]] Departments along with the other portfolios normally held by the Chief Ministers, and not mentioned elsewhere. He is elected from [[Dharmadam Assembly constituency|Dharmadom]] constituency.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
During the severe 2018 Kerala floods—the worst in a century—Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan took an active leadership role in coordinating rescue and relief efforts. On 14 August 2018, he led an aerial survey of affected regions and thanked the Central government, Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], and opposition parties for their "constructive roles".<ref name="TheHindu">{{cite news |last=Nandakumar |first=T. |title=Kerala rains: CM Pinarayi Vijayan thanks Central govt and Opposition for 'constructive roles' |work=The Hindu |date=14 August 2018 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-floods-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-thanks-central-govt-and-opposition-for-constructive-roles/article24688047.ece |access-date=24 July 2025}}</ref> He called upon employees to donate wages to the Chief Minister's Distress Relief Fund and asked banks to waive transfer charges, as part of state‑level relief initiatives.<ref name="TheHindu"/><br />
<br />
He also addressed concerns over misinformation, warning that those spreading fake news about the relief operations would face action.<ref>{{cite news |agency=IANS |title=Kerala CM Pinarayi Vijayan warns action against fake news on floods |work=NDTV |date=17 August 2018 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/kerala-news/kerala-floods-kerala-chief-minister-pinarayi-vijayan-warns-action-against-spreading-fake-news-on-flo-1901751 |access-date=24 July 2025}}</ref> He visited multiple flood-affected districts—including Idukki, Wayanad, Kannur, and Ernakulam—to directly assess conditions and address grievances from victims in relief camps.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jeemon |first=Jacob |title=Kerala CM Pinarayi Vijayan salutes bureaucracy for delivering best in the time of floods |work=India Today |date=2 September 2018 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-salutes-bureaucracy-for-delivering-best-in-the-time-of-floods-1329773-2018-09-01 |access-date=24 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala floods: CM Pinarayi Vijayan visits flood-hit regions |work=India Today |date=11 August 2018 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-floods-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-visits-flood-hit-regions-1311633-2018-08-11 |access-date=24 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
Journalists and analysts credited him with restoring public confidence, often citing his no‑nonsense manner and timely press briefings as key to rallying relief efforts and sustaining morale during the crisis.<ref>{{cite news |last=Paul |first=Cithara |title=How Sabarimala, Kerala floods helped Pinarayi Vijayan emerge "stronger, nicer" |work=The Week |date=24 December 2018 |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2018/12/24/sabarimala-kerala-floods-pinarayi.html |access-date=24 July 2025}}</ref><br />
Nevertheless, the Government was accused of misappropriating a large amount from the Chief Minister's Distress Relief Fund which was collected during the floods.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 June 2020 |title=Flood-fund scam: Police register new case |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2020/jun/03/flood-fund-scam-police-register-new-case-2151416.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519083525/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2020/jun/03/flood-fund-scam-police-register-new-case-2151416.html |archive-date=19 May 2021 |access-date=19 May 2021 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2020, Vijayan faced heat from various opposition parties after several members of the chief minister's office were accused in the [[2020 Kerala gold smuggling case]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/kerala-gold-scam-accused-swapna-suresh-had-links-with-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-s-office-1708611-2020-08-07|title=Kerala gold scam: Accused Swapna Suresh had links with CM Pinarayi Vijayan's office|access-date=7 August 2020|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807195452/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/kerala-gold-scam-accused-swapna-suresh-had-links-with-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-s-office-1708611-2020-08-07|url-status=live}}</ref> The suspended principal secretary of IT department Mr. M. Shivasankar was arrested in connection with the investigation of the Gold smuggling case.<ref>{{cite web|title=Suspended IAS Officer Arrested As Agencies Probe Gold Smuggling Case|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/suspended-ias-officer-m-sivasankar-arrested-in-kerala-gold-smuggling-case-2317189|access-date=4 April 2021|website=NDTV.com|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330205321/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/suspended-ias-officer-m-sivasankar-arrested-in-kerala-gold-smuggling-case-2317189|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Second term as chief minister of Kerala, 2021==<br />
{{Main|Second Vijayan ministry}}<br />
<br />
[[File:PM Narendra Modi dedicates to the Nation Vizhinjam International Seaport in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Vijayan during inauguration of [[Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram]] in 2025]]<br />
[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|The 2021 election of Kerala]] saw the incumbent government of Vijayan led [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front (LDF)]] retained to power with 99 seats, 8 more than in the [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|previous election]], marking the first time that an alliance won consecutive terms in the state since its [[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977 election]].<ref name = "TH34223850">{{Cite news|last=Govind|first=Biju|date=2021-04-02|title=Will anti-incumbency be the joker in the Kerala poll?|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala-assembly/will-anti-incumbency-be-the-joker-in-the-kerala-poll/article34223850.ece|access-date=2021-05-01|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206090853/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala-assembly/will-anti-incumbency-be-the-joker-in-the-kerala-poll/article34223850.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Pinarayi Vijayan also became the only [[Chief minister of Kerala]] to get re-elected after completing full five-year term in the office. The Council assumed office on 20 May 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-05-05|title=Watch {{!}} Kerala Assembly Election results 2021: an overview|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala-assembly/watch-kerala-assembly-election-results-2021-an-overview/article34504989.ece|access-date=2021-05-08|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=16 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216073332/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala-assembly/watch-kerala-assembly-election-results-2021-an-overview/article34504989.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The ministry is having a total of 21 ministers in the Cabinet compared to 20 ministers in the previous [[First Vijayan ministry|government]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-02|title=Kerala Election Results 2021: CM Vijayan Says 'Historic' Win Belongs to People, Metro Man E Sreedharan Loses in Palakkad|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/kerala-election-results-2021-live-updates-counting-scheduled-to-begin-at-8-am-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-and-cpm-hopeful-of-come-back-3697505.html|access-date=2021-05-08|website=www.news18.com|language=en|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502175430/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/kerala-election-results-2021-live-updates-counting-scheduled-to-begin-at-8-am-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-and-cpm-hopeful-of-come-back-3697505.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=കെഎന് ബാലഗോപാല് ധനമന്ത്രി, പി രാജീവ് വ്യവസായം, വീണ ജോര്ജ്ജ് ആരോഗ്യം; വകുപ്പുകള് ഇങ്ങനെ|url=https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/keralam/2021/may/19/pinarayi-vijayan-second-ministry-121083.html|access-date=2021-05-19|website=Samakalika Malayalam|date=19 May 2021 |language=ml|archive-date=15 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515132217/https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/keralam/2021/may/19/pinarayi-vijayan-second-ministry-121083.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2022, Vijayan became the longest continuous serving chief minister of Kerala.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Pinarayi Vijayan becomes longest serving CM for 2364 days|work=Mathrubhumi|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/pinarayi-vijayan-completes-2364-days-in-power-1st-kerala-cm-to-achieve-feat-1.8045888|access-date=14 November 2022|archive-date=14 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114085333/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/pinarayi-vijayan-completes-2364-days-in-power-1st-kerala-cm-to-achieve-feat-1.8045888|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In his second term as Chief Minister from May 2021, Pinarayi Vijayan retained key departments including [[Department of Home (Kerala)|Home]], [[Vigilance and Anti-Corruption Bureau|Vigilance]], and General Administration. He also holds charge of departments such as Planning and Economic Affairs, Information Technology, Personnel and Administrative Reforms, Science and Technology, [[Department of Non-Resident Keralites Affairs|Non-Resident Keralites’ Affairs]], and several others related to internal security, infrastructure, and public administration.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-17 |title=Departments under Chief Minister - Official website of Kerala Chief Minister |url=https://keralacm.gov.in/?page_id=1224 |access-date=2025-07-18 |language=en-GB}}</ref><br />
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During his second term beginning in May 2021, Vijayan led several major initiatives and responses spanning governance, economy, and social welfare:<br />
<br />
=== Digital Governance & Infrastructure ===<br />
Kerala was declared India’s first fully e‑governed state, with over 900 services online via portals like e‑Sevanam and the Kerala Fibre Optic Network (K‑FON), which aims to provide free or low‑cost internet to households, especially those below the poverty line.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala CM Pinarayi Vijayan declares state as fully e‑governed; first in country |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/thiruvananthapuram/kerala-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-e-governance-8629279 |work=The Indian Express |date=25 May 2023 |access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Economic & Enterprise Promotion ===<br />
He launched the Year of Enterprises campaign (2022–23), designed to incubate and scale micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). It resulted in over 1.39 lakh new ventures and more than 3 lakh jobs in the first year, with further growth projected.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala is Enabling Both Public and Private Sectors to Flourish, Says Pinarayi Vijayan |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/magazine/kerala-is-enabling-both-public-and-private-sectors-to-flourish-says-pinarayi-vijayan |website=Outlook Business |date=30 June 2025 |access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Public Outreach & Development Messaging ===<br />
In late 2023, he led Nava Kerala Sadas, a statewide outreach tour across all Assembly constituencies to communicate development achievements and gather public feedback ahead of upcoming elections.<ref name="Onmanorama">{{cite news |title=Will publicise govt's success stories through Nava Kerala programme: Pinarayi Vijayan |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2023/09/27/extreme-poverty-development-plans-pinarayi-vijayan.html |work=Onmanorama |date=27 September 2023 |access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
He inaugurated Keraleeyam Festival in November 2023, showcasing Kerala’s cultural heritage and asserting the state’s identity as a knowledge-based and inclusive economy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan inaugurates Keraleeyam festival that seeks to showcase State to the world |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-chief-minister-pinarayi-vijayan-inaugurates-keraleeyam-festival-that-seeks-to-showcase-state-to-the-world/article67483878.ece |work=The Hindu |date=1 November 2023 |access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Exalogic–CMRL Controversy: Vijayan’s Involvement ===<br />
<br />
In September 2023, he described allegations involving payments from Cochin Minerals and Rutile Ltd (CMRL) to his daughter’s company, Exalogic Solutions, as a "political witch‑hunt". He asserted the transactions were lawful and based on contracts, criticizing opposition claims and media reports as politically motivated.<ref>{{cite news |title=CMRL payoff row: Pinarayi rejects charges, calls it political witch‑hunt |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/kerala/2023/Sep/12/cmrl-payoff-row-pinarayi-rejects-charges-calls-it-political-witch-hunt-2613924.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=12 September 2023 |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2025, responding to [[Serious Fraud Investigation Office|SFIO]] allegations that his daughter had received ₹2.7 crore from CMRL without providing proper service, Vijayan publicly rejected calls for his resignation. He stated he did not take the charges seriously and accused central investigative agencies of political targeting.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pinarayi Vijayan rejects opposition's call for his resignation over SFIO charges against his daughter |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pinarayi-vijayan-rejects-opposition-s-call-for-his-resignation-over-sfio-charges-against-his-daughter-101744226231065.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 April 2025 |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
Between 2025 June 10–17, he filed a counter‑affidavit in Kerala High Court opposing a PIL that sought a CBI probe. He clarified he had no involvement in Exalogic’s business dealings, denied any illegal gratification, and called the petition legally unfounded. The court adjourned the hearing to 2 July 2025, noting pending service of notice to key respondents.<ref>{{cite news |title=CM Pinarayi Vijayan files affidavit in Kerala high court opposing CBI probe |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/exalogic-case-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-files-affidavit-in-kerala-high-court-opposing-cbi-probe/articleshow/121732695.cms |work=The Times of India |date=10 June 2025 |access-date=27 July 2025}}{{cite news |title=HC adjourns hearing in plea for CBI probe into Exalogic affairs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/hc-adjourns-hearing-in-plea-for-cbi-probe-into-exalogic-affairs/articleshow/121913199.cms |work=The Times of India |date=17 June 2025 |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2025, During a press briefing, he addressed the media harshly over their coverage of the controversy, stating: “You want my blood, but it won’t be that easy.” He reiterated that the SFIO probe was ongoing and emphasized the transparency of his daughter’s company’s financial transactions.<ref>{{cite news |title='You want my blood, but it won't be that easy', Kerala CM says on media over CMRL row |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kerala-chief-minister-media-conference-on-wednesday-major-updates-and-announcements-3bf47f94/ |work=Mathrubhumi |date=9 April 2025 |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Social Welfare & Governance ===<br />
He announced an ambitious goal to eradicate extreme poverty in Kerala by November 2025, targeting a 93% reduction by end-2024.<ref name="Onmanorama"/><br />
<br />
During an anti‑drug campaign kickoff in May 2025, he emphasized a rehabilitative approach to addiction, promoting counseling over punishment. He also criticized the central government’s perceived failure to support Kerala during crises and highlighted achievements in education, health, and poverty reduction.<ref>{{cite news |title=Govt will not isolate drug addicts, but help them: CM |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/govt-will-not-isolate-drug-addicts-but-help-them-cm/articleshow/121170510.cms |work=The Times of India |date=15 May 2025 |access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Malappuram PR controversy over gold‑smuggling remarks ===<br />
In a September 2024 interview published by The Hindu, Vijayan was quoted stating that approximately ₹123 crore in hawala money and 150 kg of smuggled gold were seized in Malappuram district and were entering Kerala to support “anti‑State” or “anti‑national activities”. This triggered protests from Muslim organizations and criticism from opposition parties. However, The Hindu later issued a correction indicating that portions of the interview were added at the request of a PR agency, and Vijayan’s press secretary stated the remarks were misattributed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala CM's Malappuram gold smuggling comments sparked uproar, says *The Hindu* correction |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/row-erupts-after-the-hindu-says-interview-with-kerala-cm-was-edited-by-pr-agency |work=The News Minute |date=2 October 2024 |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala CMO clarifies on Vijayan's statements made in media interview |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/kerala/kerala-cmo-clarifies-on-vijayans-statements-made-in-media-interview-3215021.html |work=Deccan Herald |date=1 October 2024 |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Nilambur Assembly by‑election 2025 ===<br />
In June 2025, a [[By-Election|by‑election]] was held in the [[Nilambur Assembly constituency]], caused by the resignation of MLA [[P. V. Anvar]] in January 2025. The [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]] candidate [[Aryadan Shoukath]] won with a margin of approximately 11,077 votes, securing over 77,000 votes, while LDF candidate [[M. Swaraj]] received around 66,000 votes. Independent Anvar trailed third with nearly 19,700 votes. The defeat marked the first loss of a sitting LDF seat during the Vijayan ministry and was widely interpreted as a significant expression of anti‑incumbency sentiment against his government.<ref>{{cite news |title=Congress-led UDF wrests back Nilambur seat from LDF with 11,077-vote margin |work=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/nilambur-bypoll-loss-signifies-eroding-popularity-of-ldf-govt/articleshow/122032030.cms |date=24 June 2025 |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=UDF registers resounding victory in Nilambur by-election; Aryadan Shoukath emerges winner |work=Newsonair (AIR) |url=https://www.newsonair.gov.in/udf-registers-resounding-victory-in-nilambur-byelection-aryadan-shoukath-emerges-winner/ |date=23 June 2025 |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
Analysts and political commentators assessed the by-election loss as a symbolic blow to the Vijayan-led LDF. [[The Times of India]] reported that opposition leaders accused the government of communal polarization and poor campaign messaging, reflecting fears of alienation among minority voters.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nilambur bypoll: Loss signifies eroding popularity of LDF govt |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/nilambur-bypoll-loss-signifies-eroding-popularity-of-ldf-govt/articleshow/122032030.cms |date=24 June 2025 |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Disaster policy advocacy ===<br />
In July 2025, after devastating landslides and floods in Wayanad, he urged Prime Minister Modi to restore Section 13 of the Disaster Management Act, which facilitated financial relief for disaster victims. He argued that its removal in March 2025 had hindered Kerala’s recovery and accused the Centre of retroactive impairment of relief efforts.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pinarayi urges PM to restore Section 13 of Disaster Mgmt Act |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/pinarayi-urges-pm-to-restore-section-13-of-disaster-mgmt-act/articleshow/121811735.cms |work=The Times of India |date=2025 |access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Criticism of Central Government===<br />
In mid‑2025, he denounced the BJP‑led central government over the state textbook revision policy, claiming it was an ideological move to saffronize education and distort history. He reaffirmed Kerala’s autonomy by restoring deleted chapters and accused the central government of adopting retaliatory measures as a result.<ref>{{cite news |title=CM slams Centre's vindictive move over textbook revision |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/cm-slams-centres-vindictive-move-over-textbook-revision/articleshow/122166537.cms |work=The Times of India |date=30 June 2025 |access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Allegations by P. V. Anvar (independent MLA, Nilambur) ===<br />
In 2024, [[P. V. Anvar]] alleged that senior police officials—including ADGP M. R. Ajith Kumar—had conducted illegal phone interceptions under orders. In September, then Governor [[Arif Mohammed Khan]] sought a report from Vijayan’s office regarding the claims. He later defended the legal use of call‑interception protocols, denying misuse in a letter, citing a police investigation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala governor seeks CM's report on MLA PV Anvar's revelations on phone tapping |work=The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Sep/11/kerala-governor-seeks-cms-report-on-mla-pv-anvars-revelations-on-phone-tapping-2623473.html |date=11 September 2024 |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Call interception wasn't misused: CM Vijayan to governor over phone‑tapping claims |work=Mathrubhumi |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/chief-minister-pinarayi-vijayan-says-call-interception-facility-has-not-been-misused-in-state-5318bf53 |date=9 October 2024 |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Failure to act on phone‑tapping allegations ===<br />
In June 2025, Kerala High Court reprimanded the state government for failing to register an FIR against Anvar, who had alleged phone‑tapping of senior officials by political aides. The court criticized procedural apathy while emphasizing state responsibility to act.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala HC slams govt for failing to register case over ex-MLA P V Anvar's phone‑tapping claims |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/kerala-hc-slams-govt-for-failing-to-register-case-over-ex-mla-p-v-anvars-phone-tapping-claims/articleshow/122096513.cms |date=26 June 2025 |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Investment & Economic outreach ===<br />
He inaugurated the Invest Kerala Global Summit 2025 in Kochi, attracting investment proposals worth approximately ₹1.53 lakh crore and creating mechanisms for fast-track project approvals and investor engagement.<ref>{{cite news | title=Investor Summit: Kerala receives proposals worth Rs 1.53 lk cr, says Industries Minister Rajeeve| work=The Economic times| date=22 February 2025| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/investor-summit-kerala-receives-proposals-worth-rs-1-53-lk-cr-says-industries-minister-rajeve/articleshow/118481227.cms| access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Dey| first=Pushpita| title=Invest Kerala summit: Adani Group, UAE‑based firms set to invest; total pledge of Rs 1.53 lakh crore| work=Outlook Business| date=22 February 2025| url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/economy-and-policy/invest-kerala-summit-adani-group-uae-based-firms-set-to-invest-total-pledge-of-rs-153-lakh-crore| access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Invest Kerala Global Summit 2025: Boosting Innovation and Investment in Kerala| website=Kerala Tourism| date=March 2025| url=https://www.keralatourism.org/newsletter/news/2025/invest-global-summit-boosting-innovation-and-investment-in-kerala/2299| access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref> He also advocated partnerships in tourism investments and technology sectors to transform Kerala’s economy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pinarayi Vijayan calls for partnerships to transform Kerala's economy |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/cm-pinarayi-vijayan-calls-for-partnerships-in-keralas-economic-transformation/article67539621.ece |work=The Hindu BusinessLine |date=16 November 2023 |access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards and honours==<br />
* Pinarayi Vijayan was awarded ''Gandhidarsan'' award for the best chief minister in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Gandhidarsan award for Dalai Lama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/gandhidarsan-award-for-dalai-lama/article24980220.ece|access-date=18 September 2018|newspaper=The Hindu|date=18 September 2018|archive-date=18 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918194312/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/gandhidarsan-award-for-dalai-lama/article24980220.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
*The [[Institute of Human Virology]] honoured Pinarayi Vijayan for effective control of [[2018 Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala]] in [[Baltimore]], [[United States]]. Noted bio-medical scientist and co-founder of the institute [[Robert Gallo]] presented awards to the Chief Minister and the Health Minister of Kerala.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Institute of Human Virology honoured Kerala's Chief and Health Minister for effective control of Nipah virus|url=http://cms.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/jul/08/the-institute-of-human-virology-honoured-keralas-chief-and-health-minister-for-effective-control-of-1839959.html|access-date=8 June 2018|website=www.thenewindianexpress.com|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212530/http://cms.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/jul/08/the-institute-of-human-virology-honoured-keralas-chief-and-health-minister-for-effective-control-of-1839959.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category|Pinarayi Vijayan}}<br />
{{Wikiquote}}<br />
* [http://www.tehelka.com/interview-kerala-cpm-pinarayi-vijayan-communism-is-in-my-dna/ Pinarayi Vijayan discusses the future of the left in India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710150832/http://www.tehelka.com/interview-kerala-cpm-pinarayi-vijayan-communism-is-in-my-dna/ |date=10 July 2015 }}. ''Tehelka'', Volume 12 Issue 17, Dated 25 April 2015.<br />
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{{s-bef|before=[[Oommen Chandy]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Minister of Kerala]]|years=25 May 2016 – present}}<br />
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{{Current Indian chief ministers}}<br />
{{Chief Ministers of Kerala}}<br />
{{Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br />
{{Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijayan, Pinarayi}}<br />
[[Category:Home ministers of Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Politicians from Kannur district]]<br />
[[Category:Malayali politicians]]<br />
[[Category:1945 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1970–1977]]<br />
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1977–1979]]<br />
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1991–1996]]<br />
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 2016–2021]]<br />
[[Category:Chief ministers of Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Chief ministers from Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br />
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1996–2001]]<br />
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 2021–2026]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunghursh&diff=538315Sunghursh2026-04-15T10:42:36Z<p>Itssuvam: Made new info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use British English|date=June 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Sunghursh<br />
| image = Sunghurshfilm.jpg<br />
| director = [[H. S. Rawail|Harnam Singh Rawail]]<br />
| producer = Harnam Singh Rawail<br />
| story = ''Layli Asmaner Ayna'' by [[Mahasweta Devi]]<br />
| screenplay = Anjana Rawail<br/>{{small|Dialogue}}: [[Gulzar]] and [[Abrar Alvi]]<br />
| starring = [[Dilip Kumar]]<br />[[Vyjayanthimala]]<br/>[[Balraj Sahni]]<br/>[[Sanjeev Kumar]]<br />
| music = [[Naushad]]<br />
| cinematography = R. D. Mathur<br />
| editing = Krushna Sachdev<br />
| distributor = [[Shemaroo Entertainment]]<br />
| studio = Rahul Theatre<br />
| released = {{Film date|1968|10|18|df=y}}<br />
| runtime = 158 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Sunghursh''''' ("Struggle") is a 1968 Indian [[Bollywood|Hindi film]] directed and produced by [[H. S. Rawail|Harnam Singh Rawail]]. It is based on ''Layli Asmaner Ayna'' ("Layli Does Not Go To Heaven"), a short story in [[Bengali language]] by [[Jnanpith Award]]-winning writer [[Mahasweta Devi]], which presents a fictionalised account of a vendetta within a [[thuggee]] cult in the holy Indian town of [[Varanasi]]. It stars [[Dilip Kumar]], [[Vyjayanthimala]], [[Balraj Sahni]], [[Sanjeev Kumar]], [[Jayant (actor)|Jayant]], [[Deven Verma]], [[Durga Khote]] and [[Iftekhar]]. The film was the last one to see Dilip Kumar and Vyjayanthimala working together.<br />
<br />
The music is by [[Naushad]] and lyrics for the songs are by [[Shakeel Badayuni]]. Naushad and Badayuni had worked together on many films previously and were "the most sought after" composer-lyricist duo of the time in Bollywood. ''Sunghursh'' was popularly mistaken to be a debut film of Sanjeev Kumar.<br />
<br />
The director Harnam Singh Rawail's son [[Rahul Rawail]], who is also a director, paid a tribute to this film by titling one of his as ''[[Jeevan Ek Sanghursh]]'' (1990) starring [[Anil Kapoor]] and [[Madhuri Dixit]].<ref name="hindufr">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/05/15/stories/2009051550620400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522074617/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/05/15/stories/2009051550620400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 May 2009|title=Blast from the Past: Sunghursh (1968)|date=15 May 2009|access-date=26 May 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]|author=Kumar, Anuj}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Bhavani Prasad is a powerful Shakta priest at Kashi. Prasad, a devotee of the black goddess [[Kali]] and a [[thuggee]], religiously follows the practice of murdering wealthy travelers who stay in his pilgrim guesthouse and offers them as a sacrifice to Kali. Prasad's son Shankar does not agree with such practices, opposes his father, and decides to leave the village with his wife and their three children: Kundan, Yashoda and Gopal. Prasad forcibly takes Kundan with him to follow in his footsteps and forbids him from seeing the rest of the family.<br />
<br />
Young Kundan is now being raised by his grandfather Prasad, who desires to have Kundan as his successor, head of a temple and a pilgrim guesthouse on the banks of the Ganges River. Prasad mysteriously kills his son and puts the blame on his enemy and nephew, Naubatlal. Prasad had earlier killed Naubatlal's father. When Naubatlal learns the truth, he decides to take revenge, but Prasad kills Naubatlal before he can do anything. Naubatlal's family decides to leave the village and settle down in Calcutta where his two young sons, Dwarka (Sanjeev Kumar) and Ganeshi Prasad, work as merchants. They learn about their father's death from their mother (Mumtaz Begum) and swear to avenge their father's death by killing Prasad and his grandson, Kundan (Dilip Kumar).<br />
<br />
Kundan continues to serve Prasad in the Banaras temple, but does not follow the practice of killing people. When he is invited to his younger sister, Yashodha's marriage, Kundan gets a chance to visit his mother and grandmother and his siblings after many years. One day, Kundan meets Laila-E-Aasmaan, a courtesan, in the temple who has come from Calcutta after her madam's death. Kundan falls in love with Laila only to realise that she was his childhood friend, Munni. Kundan proposes to Laila, but Prasad does not agree to the marriage, knowing that Laila was hired by Dwarka and Ganesh Prasad to seduce Kundan and bring him to them.<br />
<br />
Kundan decides to end the feud with Dwarka, but Dwarka does not co-operate. Dwarka attacks Kundan, but is killed by him. As repentance for his grandfather's sins, Kundan decides to serve Ganeshi and takes another identity, that of Bajrangi to make peace with him, only to realise that Ganeshi Prasad is in love with Laila and wants to marry her as his second wife.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* [[Dilip Kumar]] as Kundan Prasad / Bajrangi<br />
* [[Vyjayanthimala]] as Munni / Laila-E-Aasmaan<br />
* [[Balraj Sahni]] as Ganeshi Prasad<br />
* [[Sanjeev Kumar]] as Dwarka Prasad<br />
* [[Jayant (actor)|Jayant]] as Bhavani Prasad<br />
* [[Durga Khote]] as Bhavani Prasad's Wife<br />
* [[Anju Mahendru]] as Yashoda Prasad<br />
* [[Sunder (actor)|Sunder]] as Kundan's Uncle<br />
* [[Ulhas (actor)|Ulhas]] as Bheem<br />
* [[Deven Verma]] as Nisar<br />
* [[Padma Khanna]] as Mama's Wife<br />
* [[Sulochana Latkar]] as Shankar's Wife<br />
* [[Iftekhar]] as Shankar Prasad<br />
* [[Urmila Bhatt]] as Kunti Prasad<br />
* [[Padma Rani]] as Dwarka's Wife<br />
* [[D. K. Sapru]] as Naubatlal Prasad<br />
* [[Ram Mohan]] as Ishwarlal <br />
* [[Jagdish Raj]] as Raja Sahib<br />
* [[Mumtaz Begum (actress)|Mumtaz Begum]] as Naubatlal's Wife<br />
* [[Mehmood Junior]] as Dwarka's Son<br />
* [[Dilip Dhawan]] as Young Kundan<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
Director Rawail had considered [[Sadhana Shivdasani|Sadhana]] to play the lead actress of the film. He had waited for months to sign her in his ''[[Mere Mehboob]]'' (1963). But now the actress had developed [[thyroid]] problems and took a break from acting for treatment in [[Boston]]. Eventually, Rawail signed Vyjayanthimala for the role.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/feb/11dinesh.htm |title=Sadhana's song|work=[[Rediff.com]]|author=Raheja, Dinesh|date=February 2002|access-date=3 October 2013}}</ref> Dilip Kumar and Vyjayanthimala who had worked together for ''[[Naya Daur (1957 film)|Naya Daur]]'' (1957) were then said to have a romantic affair. The actors parted after Vyjayanthimala worked with [[Raj Kapoor]] in the 1964 Hindi film ''[[Sangam (1964 Hindi film)|Sangam]]''. Thus, most of the scenes between the two actors for ''Sungharsh'' were shot separately.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/-/--/articleshow/2780749.cms|title=बॉलिवुड में प्यार का सफर|trans-title=Romance in Bollywood|language=Hindi|work=[[Navbharat Times]]|date=13 February 2008|access-date=26 May 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
When the film was near completion, it was rumoured that with the increasing conflicts between the two leading actors, Vyjayanthimala would be replaced by another actress, [[Waheeda Rehman]]. Rehman had already replaced Vyjayanthimala in another Hindi film starring Kumar, ''[[Ram Aur Shyam]]'', (1967) which was being shot simultaneously with ''Sunghursh''. Vyjayanthimala readily declined the claim of her leaving the film when it was about to finish its shooting.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vkKYzRKeV7IC&pg=PT128|title=Bonding... A Memoir|publisher=Stellar Publishers|author=Bali, Vyjayantimala|authorlink=Vyjayantimala|year=2013|page=457|isbn=978-93-82035-01-5}}</ref> ''Sungharsh'' was the last film where Kumar and Vyjayanthimala worked together. By then, both the actors had done the maximum number of films together and each was a commercial success.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/vyjayanthimala-dancing-queen-180.html|title=Vyjayanthimala: Dancing Queen|magazine=[[Filmfare]]|date=1 March 2012|access-date=26 May 2014|author=Joshi, Meera}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Sanjeev Kumar]], who had previously acted in theatre and other smaller film productions, was noticed through his performance of a negative role in ''Sungharsh,'' and he then shot to fame.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/slideshow/index/type/view/id/221/A+tribute+to+Sanjeev+Kumar+on+his+70th+birth+anniversary |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528010611/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/slideshow/index/type/view/id/221/A+tribute+to+Sanjeev+Kumar+on+his+70th+birth+anniversary |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 May 2014 |title=A tribute to Sanjeev Kumar on his 70th birth anniversary|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=9 July 2008|access-date=3 October 2013}}</ref> He was commended for his role while a newcomer as compared with established actors like Dilip Kumar and [[Balraj Sahni]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/109038/consummate-actor.html|title=Consummate actor|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]|author=Vijayakar, Rajiv|date=30 October 2010|access-date=3 October 2013}}</ref> The film was popularly mistaken to be his debut.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.asianage.com/ideas/void-sanjeev-kumar-left-yet-be-filled-386|title=Void Sanjeev Kumar left yet to be filled|date=12 July 2013|author=Chintamani, Gautam|newspaper=[[The Asian Age]]|access-date=3 October 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
As ''Sungharsh'' was set in [[Varanasi]] during the 19th century, Rawail took special care about the costumes and sets to create the look for the period.<ref name="hindufr"/> The actor-director [[Rajesh Roshan]] had worked as an assistant director on the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/i-have-never-worked-with-latecomers/1067404/|title='I have never worked with latecomers'|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=4 February 2013|access-date=5 October 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
The music for all the songs was composed by [[Naushad]] and the lyrics were written by [[Shakeel Badayuni]]. Naushad and Badayuni had worked together on many films previously and were "the most sought after" composer-lyricist duo of the time in Bollywood. Their collaborations of ''[[Baiju Bawra (film)|Baiju Bawra]]'' (1952), ''[[Mother India]]'' (1957), ''[[Mughal-e-Azam|Mughal-E-Azam]]'' (1960) and more are quite popular. They had worked with Rawail and had given the musical hit ''[[Mere Mehboob]]'' in 1963.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r623sWyGm0sC&pg=PA143|access-date=1 October 2013|title=Bless You Bollywood!: A Tribute to Hindi Cinema on Completing 100 Years|author=Rishi, Tilak|page=143|publisher=[[Trafford Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-4669-3963-9|year=2012}}</ref> The film's soundtrack has seven songs sung by Mohammad Rafi and Lata Mangeshkar with one song sung by Asha Bhosle. All are solo songs where Naushad used the music from the regions of [[Awadh]] and eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QwGgF-rDucEC&pg=PT451|title=Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinemas|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2013|first1=K. Moti |last1=Gokulsing|first2=Wimal|last2=Dissanayake |page=249|isbn=978-1-136-77291-7|access-date=1 October 2013}}</ref> But critics have considered these compositions "below par" as compared with Naushad's other work.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o3lTAAAAYAAJ&q=naushad+sunghursh|title=Film World, Volume 16|author=T.M. Ramachandran|year=1979|publisher=[[University of Virginia Press]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
Similar to his earlier work where Naushad had simplified [[Hindustani classical music]] to produce [[filmi]] songs,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Romancing-the-tonga/Article1-239902.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007043026/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/entertainment/romancing-the-tonga/article1-239902.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 October 2014|title=Romancing the tonga|work=[[Hindustan Times]] |author=Bharatan, Raju|date=1 August 2007|access-date=3 October 2013}}</ref> the solo "Mere Paas Aao Nazar To Milao" rendered by [[Lata Mangeshkar]] was based on [[Bhairavi (Hindustani)|Bhairavi]] [[Raga]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JmwYAQAAIAAJ&q=sunghursh+naushad|title=Thought, Volume 21, Issues 1–26 – The Music in Our Films|page=cclxix|publisher=Siddhartha Publications|year=1969}}</ref> The song "Mere Pairon Mein Ghunghroo" by Rafi was included in "''101 Mohammad Rafi Hits'' by [[Shemaroo Entertainment]] on his 31st death anniversary. The singer died on 31 July 1980.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k11/aug/augrel28.php |title=Shemaroo releases 101 Mohd. Rafi Hits A 3 DVD pack that captures different moods of Rafi Sahab's singing |publisher=indiantelevision.com|date=25 August 2011|access-date=26 May 2014}}</ref> The song was also used by former [[List of Chief Ministers of Bihar|Chief Ministers of Bihar]] [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] during the election campaign for [[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130606/jsp/bihar/story_16975738.jsp#.UkpNWdJmjTo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095444/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130606/jsp/bihar/story_16975738.jsp#.UkpNWdJmjTo|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2016|title=Music back with lakh-plus triumph&nbsp;– Prabhunath victory gives lease of life to Lalu, opens debate on secular ally|work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|date=6 June 2013|access-date=26 May 2014|author1=Verma, Nalin |author2=Mishra, Dipak |name-list-style=amp }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?267486 | title=Flight of Condors | work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] | date=25 October 2010 | access-date=26 May 2014 | author=Gahilote, Prarthna}}</ref><br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"<br />
! Song !! Singer<br />
![[Raga]]<br />
|-<br />
| "Jab Dil Se Dil Takrata Hai" <br />
| [[Mohammed Rafi]] <br />
|[[Kirwani]]<br />
|-<br />
| "Ishq Deewana, Husn Bhi Ghayal" <br />
| Mohammed Rafi <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| "Mere Pairon Mein Ghunghroo" <br />
| Mohammed Rafi<br />
|[[Kafi (raga)]]<br />
|-<br />
| "Mere Paas Aao, Nazar To Milao"<br />
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br />
|[[Bhairavi (Hindustani)]]<br />
|-<br />
| "Chhedo Na Dil Ki Baat" <br />
| Lata Mangeshkar <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| "Agar Yeh Husn Mera" <br />
| Lata Mangeshkar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| "Tasveer-E-Mohabbat" <br />
| [[Asha Bhosle]] <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
At the [[16th Filmfare Awards]], Dilip Kumar was nominated for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] for ''Sunghursh'' as well as for ''[[Aadmi (1968 film)|Aadmi]]''.<ref name=NomFF/> However, the award was presented to [[Shammi Kapoor]] for his performance in ''[[Brahmachari (Hindi film)|Brahmachari]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/articleshow/366813.cms |title=The Winners – 1968 Filmfare|work=[[Indiatimes]] |access-date=3 October 2013}}</ref> Kumar received the [[BFJA Awards for Best Actor (Hindi)|Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards for Best Actor in Hindi]]. The film won four more awards in various categories at 32nd [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|Annual BFJA Awards]].<ref name=BFJA/><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Award<br />
! Ceremony<br />
! Category<br />
! Nominee<br />
! Result<br />
! {{Tooltip|Refs.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Filmfare Awards]]<br />
|[[16th Filmfare Awards]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]<br />
|[[Dilip Kumar]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=NomFF>{{cite web|title=The Nominations – 1968 Filmfare|url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/366805.cms|publisher=[[Indiatimes]]|access-date=3 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708132417/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/366805.cms|archive-date=8 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5"|[[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards]]<br />
|rowspan="5"|32nd Annual BFJA Awards<br />
|[[Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Indian Films Award|Fourth Best Indian Film]]<br />
|Harnam Singh Rawail<br />
|{{won}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="5"|<ref name=BFJA>{{cite web|title=1969: 32nd Annual BFJA Awards: Awards For The Year 1968 |url=http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/196932.htm |website=bfjaawards.com |access-date=1 October 2013 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506034230/http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/196932.htm |archive-date=6 May 2008 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[BFJA Awards for Best Actor (Hindi)|Best Actor]]<br />
|[[Dilip Kumar]]<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Actress<br />
|[[Vyjayanthimala]]<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Supporting Actor<br />
|Jayant<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Dialogue<br />
|[[Gulzar]] & [[Abrar Alvi]]<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0063540|Sunghursh}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sunghursh (1968 Film)}}<br />
[[Category:1968 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian crime films]]<br />
[[Category:1968 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Varanasi]]<br />
[[Category:Films about cults]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Films based on Indian short stories]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by H. S. Rawail]]<br />
[[Category:1968 crime films]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language crime films]]<br />
[[Category:Films based on works by Mahasweta Devi]]<br />
[[Category:Films about courtesans in India]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inderpuri&diff=503853Inderpuri2026-04-12T16:58:55Z<p>Itssuvam: Put up entry!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Refimprove|date=January 2015}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Inderpuri<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = [[neighbourhoods of Delhi|Neighborhood of Delhi]]<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Delhi#India<br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in New Delhi, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|28.630261|77.147148|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Delhi]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Central Delhi]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = Metro<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[New Delhi]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = <br />
| population_as_of = <br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = [http://www.citypincode.in/PinCodeOf.jsp?area=Inderpuri%20&district=West%20Delhi 110 012]<br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency<br />
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Municipal Corporation of Delhi|MCD]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Inderpuri''' is a small colony located in the central part of [[New Delhi]]. It lies between [[Naraina Vihar|Naraina]] and New Rajinder Nagar area; it is located next to the renowned [[Pusa Institute]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Inderpuri was developed on agricultural land acquired from the villagers of Dus-Ghara (Dasghara).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Making of New Delhi: How Partition Changed the City |url=https://thewire.in/urban/partition-new-delhi<br />
|website=The Wire |access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Access==<br />
The [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] is 12&nbsp;km (domestic) and 16&nbsp;km (international) from Inderpuri. The [[New Delhi railway station]] is 11&nbsp;km away, and the [[Hazrat Nizamuddin Railway Station]] 19&nbsp;km away. The [[Violet Line (Delhi Metro)|Blue Line]] of the [[Delhi Metro]] has a stop at the [[Shadipur (Delhi Metro)|Shadipur station]] within 3.4&nbsp;km from Inderpuri. The closest metro station is [[Pink Line (Delhi Metro)|Pink line]] metro station at [[Naraina Vihar]] within 1 km approximately.<br />
<br />
== Politics ==<br />
Inderpuri comes under the jurisdiction of [[Rajinder Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)]]. The current MLA of the constituency is [[Umang Bajaj]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Neighbourhoods of Delhi]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
{{Neighborhoods of Delhi}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Central Delhi district]]<br />
[[Category:Villages in Central Delhi district]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renu_Bisht&diff=530321Renu Bisht2026-04-11T21:35:20Z<p>Itssuvam: Started Stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{cleanup| reason=Focuses too much on things other people did|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| constituency2 = [[Yamkeshwar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Yamkeshwar]]<br />
| term_start2 = 10 March 2022<br />
| term_end2 =<br />
| successor2 = <br />
| predecessor2 = [[Ritu Khanduri Bhushan]] (BJP)<br />
| name = Renu Bisht<br />
| party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]<br />
| image = <br />
}}<br />
'''Renu Bisht''' is an Indian politician and MLA from [[Yamkeshwar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Yamkeshwar Assembly]], Kotdwar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Renu Bisht Election Results 2022: News, Votes, Results of Uttarakhand Assembly |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/uttarakhand-assembly-election-candidates-list-2022/renu-bisht-52036-2 |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=NDTV.com |language=en}}</ref> She is member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-21 |title=BJP Candidates List : भाजपा ने इन महिलाओं पर खेला है दांव, एक कैबिनेट मंत्री तो दो पूर्व कांग्रेसी! |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/uttarakhand/dehradun-bjp-first-candidates-list-mentions-these-women-leaders-one-uttarakhand-minister-two-former-congress-workers-3966017.html |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref> Renu Bisht's was accused in the [[Murder of Ankita Bhandari|Ankita Bhandari murder case]] for alleged [[Tampering with evidence|destruction of evidence]] by way of ordering speedy demolition of Vanantra Resort after the murder.<ref name=":0" /> The move was initially presented as extrajudicial [[Bulldozer justice|Bulldozer Justice]] by chief minister [[Pushkar Singh Dhami]] on a [[Twitter]] Post.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-26 |title=Ankita murder case: District administration examining on whose orders demolition of resort was carried out |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/ankita-murder-case-district-administration-examining-on-whose-orders-demolition-of-resort-was-carried-out/articleshow/94462634.cms |access-date=2026-02-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
While testifying in the court, JCB driver Deepak admitted that he had operated a JCB to bulldoze parts of the Vanantra Resort, a possible site of Ankita Bhandari's murder and alleged sexual abuse, by owner Pulkit Arya, son of then BJP senior leader, [[Vinod Arya]]. Deepak claimed the then sub-collector, Pramod Kumar and BJP MLA, Renu Bisht both personally witnessed the demolition of the resort.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=Ankita Bhandari case: JCB driver tells court he was called twice for demolition at resort on same day |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/ukd-court-ankita-bhandari-2824128 |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=SNS |date=2024-01-08 |title=Ankita Bhandari murder case: Mother demands BJP leader's arrest |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/ankita-bhandari-murder-case-mother-demands-bjp-leaders-arrest-1503257605.html |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Electoral performance ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Election !! Constituency !! colspan="2"|Party !! Result !! Votes % !! Opposition Candidate !! colspan="2"|Opposition Party !! Opposition vote %|| Ref<br />
|-<br />
|[[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]]||[[Yamkeshwar Assembly constituency|Yamkeshwar]]||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}||{{Won}}||58.98%||Shailendra Singh Rawat||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||37.35%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2022 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102703/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-date=15 June 2022}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017]]||[[Yamkeshwar Assembly constituency|Yamkeshwar]]||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||{{Lost}}||23.16%||[[Ritu Khanduri Bhushan]]||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}||42.62%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2017 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630093109/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-date=30 June 2022}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]]||[[Yamkeshwar Assembly constituency|Yamkeshwar]]||{{party name with color|Uttarakhand Raksha Morcha}}||{{Lost}}||19.71%||Vijay Brathwal||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}||31.95%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2012 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929115647/https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-date=29 September 2022}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2007]]||[[Yamkeshwar Assembly constituency|Yamkeshwar]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||{{Lost}}||27.82%||Vijay Barthwal||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}||37.31%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114082304/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bisht, Renu}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttarakhand]]<br />
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2022–2027]]<br />
[[Category:People from Pauri Garhwal district]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttarakhand]]<br />
[[Category:Women members of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
{{Uttarakhand-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kerala_RRTS_corridor&diff=509296Kerala RRTS corridor2026-04-11T01:30:35Z<p>Itssuvam: Put up a data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Proposed Railway line in Kerala,India}}<br />
<br />
The '''Kerala RRTS''' is a proposed railway network in [[Kerala]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
In January 2026, the Kerala Cabinet gave in-principle approval for a 583 km [[Namo Bharat|Regional Rapid Transit System]] (RRTS) corridor from Thiruvananthapuram to Kasaragod as a replacement for the stalled [[Silver Line (K-Rail)|SilverLine]] plan after repeated refusals by the Centre to sanction the latter.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Cabinet approved RRTS line from Thiruvananthapuram to Kasaragod after Centre did not approve SilverLine: Pinarayi Vijayan|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/cabinet-approved-rrts-line-from-thiruvananthapuram-to-kasaragod-after-centre-did-not-approve-silverline-pinarayi-vijayan/articleshow/127780925.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com|work=The Times of India|date=2026-01-29|access-date=2026-01-31|issn=0971-8257}}</ref>{{AI-retrieved source|date=April 2026}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=RRTS to replace K-Rail; Cabinet approves Thiruvananthapuram-Kasaragod high-speed rail corridor|url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1689337&u=rrts-to-replace-k-rail-cabinet-approves-thiruvananthapuram-kasaragod-high-speed-rail-corridor|website=Keralakaumudi Daily|access-date=2026-01-31|language=en|first=Keralakaumudi|last=Daily}}</ref> The RRTS proposal, modelled on the [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System|Delhi–Meerut RRTS corridor]], aims to operate at speeds of approximately 160 to 180 km/h, mainly on elevated viaducts to minimise land acquisition and environmental disruption, and the transport department has been tasked with initiating consultations with the [[Government of India|Union Government]] ahead of signing a memorandum of understanding.<ref>{{Cite news|title=State govt allocates funds for preliminary work on regional rapid transit system from Thiruvananthapuram to Kasaragod|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/state-govt-allocates-funds-for-preliminary-work-on-regional-rapid-transit-system-from-thiruvananthapuram-to-kasaragod/articleshow/127778216.cms|work=The Times of India|date=2026-01-29|access-date=2026-01-31|issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Cabinet gives in-principle approval for regional rapid transit system from Thiruvananthapuram to Kasaragod|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/cabinet-gives-in-principle-approval-for-regional-rapid-transit-system-from-thiruvananthapuram-to-kasaragod/articleshow/127723364.cms|work=The Times of India|date=2026-01-28|access-date=2026-01-31|issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the Kerala Budget 2026–27, the state government allocated ₹100 crore for preliminary work on the RRTS project, with the [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs]] reportedly extending support for its development, signaling early central engagement with the alternative scheme.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rs 100-crore push for high-speed rail|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2026/Jan/30/e100-crore-push-for-high-speed-rail|website=The New Indian Express|date=2026-01-30|access-date=2026-01-31|language=en|first=Express News|last=Service}}</ref> Notably, it differs from the High-speed alternative corridor initially proposed by civil engineer [[E. Sreedharan]] as an alternative to K-Rail. Unlike other RRTS proposals that fall under the purview of the Railways act, the Kerla RRTS comes under the state ministry of housing and urban affairs and will fall under the Metro Act so that organisations such as the [[National Capital Region Transport Corporation]] (NCRTC) can help implement it. It is planned to use Namo Bharat trainsets.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Anil |date=2026-01-31 |title=Kerala’s RRTS plan fuels confusion amid Centre’s high speed rail push |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2026/Jan/31/keralas-rrts-plan-fuels-confusion-amid-centres-high-speed-rail-push |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://theprint.in/india/kerala-high-speed-rail-k-rail-shelved-rrts-still-on-table-metroman-now-opens-office-in-malappuram/2843968/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-28 |title=Kerala cabinet approves high-speed RRTS from Thiruvananthapuram to Kasaragod, dropping K‑Rail plan |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kerala-rrts-high-speed-rail-ktfhn8qr |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=@mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-15 |title=Kerala explores Regional Rapid Transit as SilverLine approval remains uncertain |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kerala-regional-rapid-transit-silver-line-approval-nduqjc64 |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=@mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
A study conducted by the [[Kerala Infrastructure Investment Fund Board]] concluded that an RRTS Corridor would be more economical to operate as compared to a high speed rail while being a practical and cost-effective solution to transportion in the state.The study also analysed rail traffic patterns to conclude that demand existed for medium distance journeys within the state.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abraham |first=Rajesh |date=2026-04-08 |title=Ultra-high-speed rail too costly for Kerala, RRTS hits sweet spot: Study |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2026/Apr/10/ultra-high-speed-rail-too-costly-for-kerala-rrts-hits-sweet-spot-study |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Development ==<br />
The RRTS project will be built in four Phases, with a planned Operational length of 583 kilometers. Phase 1 will see the construction of the 284km long ''Travancore Line'' from [[Thiruvananthapuram]] to [[Thrissur]], and its integration with the planned [[Thiruvananthapuram Metro|Thiruvananthapuram metro]] and in-service [[Kochi Metro]], with a targeted completion by 2033. This will be followed by Phase 2 called the ''Malabar Line'' from Thrissur to [[Kozhikode]], alongside integration with the proposed [[Kozhikode Metro]] to be built by 2036. The Phase 3 & 4 lines will be built purely to augment capacity and extend the line to [[Kannur]] and [[Kasaragod]].The project is estimated to cost approximately ₹1,92,780 crore.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Kallungal |first=Dhinesh |date=2026-02-04 |title=Kerala’s proposed RRTS for high-speed rail travel {{!}} Explained |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/keralas-proposed-rrts-for-high-speed-rail-travel-explained/article70591005.ece |access-date=2026-02-21 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala RRTS to integrate Metro projects, 1st phase between TVM & Thrissur, will connect Manguluru & Coimbatore in future |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2026/02/03/kerala-rapid-transit-system-project.html |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=@onmanorama |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Kerala RRTS will be built on the Standard gauge on top of pillars, with embankments and tunnels used only where necessary. It will maintain an above ground clearance as various Metro systems in India. This viaduct model of the RRTS will reduce land acquisition costs, mitigates the obstruction of natural water flow, preventing the public opposition that has derailed the Silverline project. It is also envisioned to connect the four international airports in Kerala. Further extensions to [[Coimbatore]] via [[Palakkad]],[[Kanyakumari]] via Thiruvanathpuram and [[Mangalore]] via Kasaragod are also planned.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
E. Sreedharan, who was in charge of the development of K-rail, the SilverLine project has advocated for a 470-kilometer-long line that will cover the distance between Thiruvananthapuram and Kasargod within 3 and a half hours. Twenty Stations will be built on this route.<ref>{{Cite web |title=E Sreedharan proposes revised alignment for Kerala high-speed rail, adds Pathanamthitta and Malappuram |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2026/02/24/metro-man-e-sreedharan-kerala-high-speed-rail-corridor.html |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=@onmanorama |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In March 2026, the Central Government stated that they had not received the submission of a detailed project report from the state for additional financing for the project.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-20 |title=No Detailed Project Report received on Kerala’s Thiruvananthapuram-Kasaragod Rapid Rail project, says Centre |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/no-detailed-project-report-received-on-keralas-thiruvananthapuram-kasaragod-rapid-rail-project-says-centre-10592151/ |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Silver Line (K-Rail)|SilverLine]]<br />
* [[Golden Quadrilateral]] <br />
* [[Amrit Bharat Station Scheme|Amrit Bharat station scheme]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Proposed rapid transit in India]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Music_Shop_Murthy&diff=519259Music Shop Murthy2026-04-07T02:37:38Z<p>Itssuvam: put up a pg</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2024 Indian film by Siva Paladugu}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Music Shop Murthy<br />
| image = Music Shop Murthy.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = Siva Paladugu<br />
| screenplay = <br />
| story = <br />
| writer = Siva Paladugu<br />
| producer = {{plain list|<br />
*Harsha Garapati<br />
*Ranga Rao Garapati }}<br />
| starring = {{plain list|<br />
* [[Ajay Ghosh]]<br />
* [[Chandini Chowdary]]<br />
}}<br />
| cinematography = Sreenivas Bejugam<br />
| editing = Bonthala Nageswara Reddy<br />
| music = Pavan<br />
| studio = Fly High Cinemas<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|06|14}}<br />
| runtime = 127 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Music Shop Murthy''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy drama]] film written and directed by Siva Paladugu and produced through Fly High Cinemas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-12 |title='Music Shop Murthy' is a film that can be enjoyed with the entire family: Director Siva Paladugu |url=https://www.sakshipost.com/news/entertainment/music-shop-murthy-film-can-be-enjoyed-entire-family-director-siva-paladugu-306320 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Sakshi Post |language=en}}</ref> The film features [[Ajay Ghosh]] and [[Chandini Chowdary]] in primary roles and was released on 14 June 2024.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-05-25 |title=Music Shop Murthy gets a new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/May/25/music-shop-murthy-gets-a-new-release-date |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
This story begins in early 2010's at Vinukonda, [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Murthy is a 52 year old middle class man who runs a music shop in his hometown that runs in losses. He is a kind-hearted man who rents music cassettes and plays music recordings in the local small functions. But the locals couldn't pay the amount on time to him, which makes him difficult for him to run the business every month, which makes huge losses. His taunting wife Jaya pressures him to sell his music shop and want to start a cell phone business<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
* [[Ajay Ghosh]] as "Music Shop" Murthy aka [[Disc jockey|DJ]] Murthy<br />
* [[Chandini Chowdary]] as [[Disc jockey|DJ]] Anjana<br />
* [[Aamani]] as Jaya Sri 'Jaya', Murthy's wife<br />
* [[Bhanu Chander]] as Ramakrishna; Anjana's father<br />
* Amit Sharma as [[Disc jockey|DJ]] Devil (D)<br />
* Dayanandh Reddy as James<br />
* [[Chatrapathi Sekhar]]<br />
* "[[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]]" Prabhakar Podakandla<br />
* Ambati Srinivas<br />
* [[Muralidhar Goud]]<br />
* Ujith Dev as Sharath<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
The film's [[soundtrack|soundtrack album]] and [[background score]] were composed by Pavan. "Angrezi Beat" was released as second single on 16 May 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2024-06-10 |title=Music Shop Murthy makers release 'Angrezi Beat' video |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jun/10/music-shop-murthy-makers-release-angrezi-beat-video |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track list<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| all_music = Pavan<br />
| title1 = Arere Kaalam<br />
| length1 = 3:43<br />
| lyrics1 = Mahesh Poloju<br />
| extra1 = [[Haricharan]]<br />
| title2 = Antarantha Murthy <br />
| length2 = 4:08<br />
| lyrics2 = Mahesh Poloju<br />
| extra2 = [[Kaala Bhairava]]<br />
| title3 = Anukunnavi Jarigena<br />
| length3 = 4:02<br />
| lyrics3 = Mahesh Poloju<br />
| extra3 = [[N. C. Karunya]]<br />
| title4 = Vadiley Vadiley<br />
| length4 = 4:23<br />
| lyrics4 = Mahesh Poloj, Pavan<br />
| extra4 = [[Yazin Nizar]]<br />
| title5 = Angrezi Beat <br />
| length5 = 4:23<br />
| lyrics5 = Pavan<br />
| extra5 = [[Rahul Sipligunj]]<br />
| title6 = Chinni Chinni <br />
| length6 = 4:02<br />
| lyrics6 = Mahesh Poloju<br />
| extra6 = [[Sooraj Santhosh]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Release==<br />
''Music Shop Murthy'' was initially scheduled to release on 31 May 2024 but was postponed and released on 14 June 2024 in [[movie theater]]s.<ref name=":0"/> Post-theatrical digital streaming rights were acquired by [[Amazon Prime Video]] and [[Ramoji Group|ETV Win]]. It premiered on Prime Video and Win on 16 July 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-07-17 |title=Music Shop Murthy now streaming on OTT |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jul/17/music-shop-murthy-now-streaming-on-ott |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
With a rating of 3.25 out of 5, Suhas Sistu of ''[[The Hans India]]'' particularly praised the performance of Ajay Ghosh and cited the film as "heartfelt drama", "must-watch" and "well-crafted".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2024-06-14 |title='Music Shop Murthy' review: A heartfelt journey of dreams and determination |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/music-shop-murthy-review-a-heartfelt-journey-of-dreams-and-determination-884697 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> BH Harsh of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 and praised the performances of Chowdary and Ghosh while stating "It's hard to be sceptical about a film that’s so inherently sweet and cheerful, despite carrying its share of familiar tropes".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2024-06-14 |title=Music Shop Murthy review: Ajay Ghosh carries a disarming follow-your-dreams tale |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2024/Jun/14/music-shop-murthy-review-ajay-ghosh-carries-a-disarming-follow-your-dreams-tale |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> Echoing the same, ''[[The Times of India]]'' too gave the same rating while giving a positive response and stated "''Music Shop Murthy'' stands out as a poignant tale of resilience and passion. Its unconventional storyline, combined with stellar performances and strong technical execution, makes it an enjoyable watch".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Music Shop Murthy Movie Review : A unique premise wrapped in heartfelt storytelling |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/music-shop-murthy/movie-review/110992339.cms |access-date=2024-07-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|32189369|title=Music Shop Murthy}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2024 films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 comedy-drama films]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ging_Gompa&diff=500522Ging Gompa2026-04-03T18:56:17Z<p>Itssuvam: made new entry...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Monastery in Darjeeling, India}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox Tibetan Buddhist monastery<br />
|name= Ging Gompa<br />
|image=Ging Gonpa, presumably the oldest monastery in Darjeeling.JPG<br />
|caption= Ging Gompa<br />
|coordinates={{coord|27.07866|88.28620|format=dms|type:landmark:region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br />
|location=[[Darjeeling]], [[India]]<br />
|map_type=India West Bengal<br />
|map_caption=Location within Darjeeling region<br />
|sect=[[Nyingma]]pa<br />
|map_size=250<br />
|country=India<br />
|founded_by=<br />
|established= {{start date and age|1818}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Gyalwa Lhatsun-Chenpo, foremost saint of Sikkim.JPG|thumb|Idol of Gyalwa-Lat-chen-chenpo as seen in Ging Monastery, Darjeeling]]<br />
<br />
'''Ging Gompa''' (also known as '''Sangchen Thongdrol Ling''') Tib:'''གསང་ཆེན་མཐོང་གྲོལ་གླིང''' is a [[Vihāra|Buddhist monastery]] in [[Darjeeling]], [[West Bengal]], India. The monastery is located in Ging, about {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}} from Darjeeling. It is one of the oldest monasteries in Darjeeling and subscribes to the [[Nyingma]]pa tradition of [[Tibetan Buddhism]]. On historical grounds, the monastery is still under the administrative control of the [[Government of Sikkim]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web | url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/202085/1/105-187%20%20%20_1_.pdf | title=A Study of the Buddhist Monastic Libraries in the Hill Region of Darjeeling District | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504043346/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/202085 | archive-date=2019-05-04}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Gyalwa Lhatsun Chenpo==<br />
The monastery contains an image of the patron saint of [[Denjong]], Gyalwa Lhatsün Namkha Jikmé (1597-1653). He was the one who finally institutionalized the bond of brotherhood between the [[Lhopa]]s and the [[Monpa people]] that had been sworn at an oath-taking ceremony at [[Kabi Longstok]] in north Sikkim sometime in the 13th century. In 1642, he unified the country and established the Namgyal Dynasty. He also established the first and the oldest monastery in the history of Sikkim, Dupde Gonpa, in the year 1701 at Yuksum.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web| title=A short biography of four Tibetan lamas and their activities in Sikkim | url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/bot/pdf/bot_2005_02_03.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317195423/http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/bot/pdf/bot_2005_02_03.pdf | archive-date=2016-03-17}}</ref><br />
<br />
The principal abode of Sikkim is Gang Chen Zod Nga who was entrusted as the guardian God of Denzong by Guru [[Padmasambhāva]]. The mountain [[Kangchenjunga|Khanchanzonga]] was named for the god. It literally means "the five repositories of the ledges of the great snow". Lhatsun Chenpo revealed the "Denzong Lamyig" of Padmasambhāva, which describes and explains "the five repositories".<ref name="auto1"/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Colonel Mainwaring mentions a Lepcha community of about one hundred people in the present [[Gymkhana]] Club area and in a [[Bhutia]] settlement including a monastery on a hill somewhere around 1765.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A grammar of the Róng (Lepcha) language, as its exists in the Dorjeling and Sikim hills|first=G.B|last=Mainwaring|date=17 February 1876|publisher=Baptist Mission Press|oclc=66232284}}</ref> The Royal History of Sikkim, however, asserts that the establishment of such a monastery must be earlier than 1765. According to the authors of the Sikkimese Court, the monastery was a branch of Pemayangtse belonging to the [[Nyingma]] school of Tibetan Buddhism. Wangdu Dorje Ling (''dbang 'dus rdo rje gling'') was the name of the site. The monastery was desecrated and destroyed somewhere around 1788 when [[Gurkha]] troops invaded the land and took control. In 1817 the invading Gurkha army was driven out by the British [[East India Company]] during the [[Anglo-Nepalese War]] and the territory was returned to the [[Raja]] of Sikkim in the hopes of gaining a trade route to [[Tibet]] in exchange.<ref name="auto"/><br />
<br />
After Darjeeling was handed back to Sikkim, the Buddhist monks returned to Sikkim in 1818 and the [[Lama]]s from Pemayangtse established Sangchen Thongdrol Ling (later called Gying) Gompa. It was initially built (or re-built) in 1818 at the western slope below the observatory hill (present location of Gorkha Rang Manch Bhavan).<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/200-year-monastery-in-aftershock/cid/324082|title=200-year monastery in aftershock|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> In 1835 Darjeeling was loaned to the British by the Raja of Sikkim to establish a [[sanatorium]]. After the British settled in Darjeeling they laid the foundation stone of the [[St. Andrew]]'s Church in 1843 just above the Sangchen Thongdrol Ling (Ging) Gompa. The church was damaged in an earthquake and was re-built in 1873.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/st-andrews-church-darjeelings-history-cast-in-stone|title=St. Andrew's Church, Darjeeling's history cast in stone|website=Get Bengal}}</ref> It is believed that the British found the sound of the morning and evening rituals of the monastery annoying and hence decided to cause the monastery to shift to a new location with the excuse that the area would be developed into a secular public park. Hence, around 1879, Sangchen Thongdrol Ling Gompa was relocated to Gying, thus clearing the space and establishing the Victoria Pleasance Park (presently Gorkha Rang Manch Bhavan) in its place.<ref name="auto3"/> This chain of events would seem to suggest that the original monastery on top of observatory hill, later destroyed by the invading Gurkha army, was rebuilt at the Gorkha Rang Manch Bhavan location in 1818 by the lamas of Pemayangtse and finally relocated to Ging in 1879 on being insisted by the British rulers. This hypothesis has also been suggested by Deki and [[Nicholas Rhodes]] in their book ''A Man of the Frontier: S. W. Laden La (1876-1936): His Life and Times in Darjeeling and Tibet''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vJnaAAAAMAAJ|title=A Man of the Frontier, S. W. Laden La (1876-1936): His Life & Times in Darjeeling and Tibet|first1=Nicholas G.|last1=Rhodes|first2=Deki|last2=Rhodes|date=17 February 2006|publisher=Library of Numismatic Studies|isbn=9788190186759|via=Google Books}}</ref> However, presently, as far as popular belief goes the Gompa originally built on the observatory hill is thought to be the Bhutia Busty Monastery (belonging to the Karma Kagyu Sect) which is also popularly famed as the oldest monastery in Darjeeling.<br />
<br />
The [[The Venerable|Venerable]] [[S. Mahinda]] was a Buddhist monk and a poet in [[Sri Lanka]] who was originally from Sikkim. After [[Sri Lankan independence movement|Sri Lanka gained independence]] in 1948, he was acknowledged as a national hero given his [[patriotism|patriotic]] poems and other works of literature. Some Sri Lankan sources, specially the more celebratory treatises to S. Mahinda, mention that his father was the head monk of the Bhutia Busty Monastery in Darjeeling. This remains unsubstantiated, but subsequent Sri Lankan references tease out details which suggest that S. Mahinda’s family must have been associated with the monastery at Ging in Darjeeling instead. These narratives of S. Mahinda’s early life contend that his father was a monk driven to despair when his monastery was moved away from its original location in Darjeeling (Where the Gorkha Rangmanch at the end of Mall, below St Andrew’s Church, stands now in Darjeeling) on the complaint of British residents, specially the nearby church, that the ‘noise’ of prayers at the monastery disturbed the ‘tranquillity’ of the area. This was the reason why the Sangchen Thong Delling Monastery is said to have been relocated to Ging in 1879 (This is when the new site was allotted to the monastery for relocation. Some sources mention that the monastery itself was completed only in 1898). More commonly known as the Ging Monastery, this is a branch of the Pemayangtse Monastery, and since the Shalngo family shares its bloodline with the royal family of Sikkim, they would have been more closely associated with the Ging Monastery. This, incidentally, is also the area where Kazi Dawa Samdup grew up. As for the Sri Lankan invocation of this episode, one must bear in mind that the Lankan freedom struggle was essentially mounted as a confrontation to the Christian missionary work underway in the island; the chance to flesh out a Buddhist-Christian conflict in faraway Darjeeling in the life of the most celebrated national hero would be too tempting to pass up, especially since most of the write- ups on S. Mahinda even in Sri Lankan mainstream media continue to be written by Theravada monks.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web| title=S. Mahinda Thero: the Sikkimese who gave lankans their freedom song | url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/bot/pdf/bot_2008_01-02_06.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025060724/http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/bot/pdf/bot_2008_01-02_06.pdf | archive-date=2015-10-25}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Management and appointment of Head Lama==<br />
The monastery was looked after by the Darber of Sikkim. As per the Darber's notification No. 464/J dated 1933 the control of the monasteries at Ging and Bhutia Busty in Darjeeling were entrusted to the Judicial Secretary of the Darber which is now carried out by The Ecclesiastical Affairs Department. The appointment of head lama was also regulated to be deputed from Pemayangtse monastery. The last head monk, Phutuk Bhutia, was also appointed by the Pemayangtse Monastery. The Sikkim government sanctioned a monthly remuneration of [[Rupee|Rs]] 6,000 to run the monastery and Rs 5,000 for the upkeep of the student monks.<ref name="auto2"/> After his death on January 25, 2011, no incumbent was appointed to fill up the vacancy. The monastery is left to run itself and with it an important part of the history of Sikkim and Darjeeling as well. Moreover, over 19 acres of land that originally belonged to the monastery have been drastically reduced due to the numerous encroachments. The [[2011 Sikkim earthquake|September 2011]] earthquake damaged the old structures of the monastery. However, with a grant of funds from the Ecclesiastical Affairs Department of Sikkim there has been renovation work carried out.<br />
<br />
The late head lama of the monastery was quoted in ''[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]'' newspaper<ref name="auto3"/> as having heard from his elders that Gying Monastery was re-built sometime in 1818, at a place where the present Gorkha Rang Manch Bhavan is situated. He said that the monastery had to be shifted from such a prominent location in 1879 as the British residing in the area were said to be disturbed by the blowing of [[conch]] shells and the loud sounds of the Lhabha and Gyaling in the early hours of the morning and the evening.<ref name="auto2"/><br />
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Recently Yap Lopon Yeshey Dorjee was appointed as the head monk of Ging Gompa by the Department of Ecclesiastical Affairs, Government of Sikkim. He has worked as a resident teacher of Lhatsun Dharma Centre, Rabongla, Sikkim, and is officially initiated by Kyabji Yangthang Rinpoche on Domang Tersar Choed. He formally took the charge of the head monk of Ging Monastery on 24 October 2021.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links== <br />
*[http://www.darjeeling-unlimited.com/history.html Darjeeling Unlimited]<br />
*[http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111102/jsp/siliguri/story_14696201.jsp Coverage on Ging Gonpa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020054212/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111102/jsp/siliguri/story_14696201.jsp |date=20 October 2014 }}<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130825020306/http://www.firefoxtouch.com/places-of-interest/ Places of interest]<br />
*[https://archive.today/20130905115601/http://www.darjeelingtimes.com/main-news/general.html?start=798 News on Ging gonpa]<br />
*{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2024 |title=Lhatsün Namkha Jikmé |url=https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Lhats%C3%BCn_Namkha_Jikm%C3%A9 |website=Rigpa Wiki |location= |publisher=Rigpa Shedra |access-date=5 December 2025}}<br />
*[http://www.sikkimeccl.gov.in/Documents/RTI/Lists%20of%20Religis/List%20of%20the%20Monasteries%20of%20other%20sects.pdf List of Religious Institutions in Sikkim]<br />
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=vJnaAAAAMAAJ Biography on life of Sonam Wangfel Ladenla]<br />
*[http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/bot/pdf/bot_2008_01-02_full.pdf Bulletin of Tibetology]<br />
*[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/66232284 A grammar of the Róng (Lepcha) language, as its exists in the Dorjeling and Sikim hills]<br />
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{{Buddhist monasteries in West Bengal}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Darjeeling]]<br />
[[Category:Buddhist monasteries in Darjeeling district]]<br />
[[Category:Nyingma monasteries and temples]]<br />
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist monasteries and temples in India]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jarawas_(Andaman_Islands)&diff=474516Jarawas (Andaman Islands)2026-03-23T14:13:06Z<p>Itssuvam: small improved references for consistency and cleaned formatting based on references</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indigenous Andamanese people in India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox ethnic group<br />
| group = Jarawas<br />
| native_name = Aong<br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| population = ≈ 380 <br />
|total_year=2011 <br />
|total_source= census<br />
|total_ref=<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/SC_ST/PCA-A11_Appendix/ST-35-PCA-A11-APPENDIX.xlsx |format=XLSX |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112010546/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/SC_ST/PCA-A11_Appendix/ST-35-PCA-A11-APPENDIX.xlsx |archive-date=2021-01-12 |archive-format=XLSX |title=Table A-11 (Appendix) DISTRICT WISE SCHEDULED TRIBE POPULATION (FOR EACH TRIBE SEPARATELY) }}</ref><br />
| popplace = Western side of [[South Andaman Island|South Andaman]] and [[Middle Andaman Island|Middle Andaman]] Islands, {{IND}}<br />
| langs = [[Jarawa language (Andaman Islands)|Jarawa]], one of the [[Ongan languages]]<br />
| rels = [[Traditional religion]]<br />
| related = Other indigenous [[Andamanese peoples]], particularly [[Onge people|Onge]]|<br />
}}<br />
The '''Jarawas''' ({{langx|anq|Aong|label=[[Jarawa language (Andaman Islands)|Jarawa]]}}, {{IPA|anq|əŋ|pron}}<ref>{{cite thesis |type=PhD |last=Kumar |first=Pramod |date=2012 |title=Descriptive and Typological study of Jarawa |publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru University}}</ref>) are an [[Andamanese peoples|indigenous people]] of the [[Andaman Islands]] in India. They live in parts of [[South Andaman Island|South Andaman]] and [[Middle Andaman Island|Middle Andaman]] Islands, and their present numbers are estimated at between 250 and 400 individuals. They have largely shunned interaction with outsiders, and many particulars of their society, culture and traditions are poorly understood. Since the 1990s, contacts between Jarawa groups and outsiders grew increasingly frequent. By the 2000s, some Jarawas had become regular visitors at settlements, where they trade, interact with tourists, get medical aid, and even send their children to school.<br />
<br />
The Jarawas are recognised as an [[Adivasi]] group in India. Along with other indigenous [[Andamanese peoples]], they have inhabited the islands for several thousand years. The Andaman Islands have been known to outsiders since [[ancient history|antiquity]]; however, until quite recent times they were infrequently visited, and such contacts were predominantly sporadic and temporary. For the greater portion of their history their only significant contact has been with other Andamanese groups. Through many decades, contact with the tribe has diminished quite significantly.<br />
<br />
There is some indication that the Jarawa regarded the now-extinct [[Jangil]] tribe as a parent tribe from which they split centuries or millennia ago, even though the Jarawa outnumbered (and eventually out-survived) the Jangil.<ref name="portman1898">{{Citation | title=Notes on the Languages of the South Andaman Group of Tribes | author=Maurice Vidal Portman | year=1898 | publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Government of India | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1BYTAAAAYAAJ | quote=... 'Jangil' is here used for 'Ancestors.' I found that this word was used by the very ancient Aka-Bea-da for the name of the hostile inland tribe in the South Andaman, who are now known as Jarawas and who belong to the Onge group of tribes.}}</ref> The Jangil (also called the ''Rutland Island Aka Bea'') were presumed extinct by 1931.<ref name="vanDriem2001">{{Citation | title=Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region : Containing an Introduction to the Symbiotic Theory of Language | author=George van Driem | year=2001 | publisher=BRILL | isbn=90-04-12062-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fiavPYCz4dYC | quote=... The Aka-Kol tribe of Middle Andaman went extinct by 1921. The Oko-Juwoi of Middle Andaman and the Aka-Bea of South Andaman and Rutland Island were extinct by 1931. The Akar-Bale of Ritchie's Archipelago, the Aka-Kede of Middle Andaman and the A-Pucikwar of South Andaman Island soon followed. By 1951, the census counted a total of only 23 Greater Andamanese and 10 Sentinelese. That means that just ten men, twelve women and one child remained of the Aka-Kora, Aka-Cari and Aka-Jeru tribes of Greater Andaman and only ten natives of North Sentinel Island ...}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Jarawa are a designated [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribe]] in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/ST%20Lists.pdf |page=27 |title=List of notified Scheduled Tribes |publisher=Census India |access-date=15 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107225208/http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/ST%20Lists.pdf |archive-date= 7 November 2013 }}</ref><br />
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==Origin==<br />
The Jarawas are believed to be descendants of the Jangil tribe and it is estimated that they have been in the Andaman Islands for over two millennia. The Jarawas were both linguistically and culturally distinguished from the Greater Andamanese, who today number 59 individuals living on Strait Island. The early colonisations by the Jarawas showed evidence that there was an early movement of humans through southern Asia and indicate that phenotypic similarities with African groups are convergent. They are also believed to be the first successful tribe to move out of Africa. Any form of evidence on the Jarawas—social, cultural, historical, archaeological, linguistic, phenotypic, and genetic—support the conclusion that the Andaman Islanders have been isolated for a substantial period of time, which suggests why they have been able to survive despite modernization.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Endicott|first1=Phillip|last2=Gilbert|first2=M. Thomas P.|last3=Stringer|first3=Chris|last4=Lalueza-Fox|first4=Carles|last5=Willerslev|first5=Eske|last6=Hansen|first6=Anders J.|last7=Cooper|first7=Alan|date=January 2003|title=The Genetic Origins of the Andaman Islanders|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=72|issue=1|pages=178–184|doi=10.1086/345487|issn=0002-9297|pmid=12478481|pmc=378623}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Jarawas are one of the four surviving tribes in the area, the others being [[Great Andamanese]], [[Sentinelese]] and [[Onge]]. This triad is connected with the Greater Andamanese language clade on a typological—rather than a [[Cognate|cognatic]]—basis, suggesting a historical separation of considerable depth.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==Contact, settlements and dislocation==<br />
[[File:Andamanese comparative distribution.png |thumb |right |upright=1.5 |Comparative map showing distributions of various Andamanese tribes in the [[Andaman Islands]] – early 1800s versus present-day (2004). Notables:{{ordered list|list_style_type=lower-alpha<br />
| Rapid depopulation of the original southeastern Jarawa homeland in the 1789–1793 period<br />
| [[Onge people|Onge]] and [[Great Andamanese]] shrinkage to isolated settlements<br />
| Complete [[Jangil]] extinction by 1931<br />
| Jarawa move to occupy depopulated former west coast homeland of the Great Andamanese<br />
| Only the [[Sentinelese people|Sentinelese]] zone is somewhat intact}}]]<br />
<br />
The Jarawas have a history as traditional hunter-forager-fishermen, and have also had reputations as warriors and uncompromising defenders of their territory.<ref name="jstor1">{{cite journal|jstor=40467418|title=Palaeolithic Cognitive Inheritance in Aesthetic Behavior of the Jarawas of the Andaman Islands|last1=Sreenathan|first1=M.|last2=Rao|first2=V. R.|last3=Bednarik|first3=R. G.|journal=Anthropos|year=2008|volume=103|issue=2|pages=367–392|doi=10.5771/0257-9774-2008-2-367}}</ref> Before the 19th century, the Jarawa homelands were located in the southeast part of [[South Andaman Island]] and nearby islets. After the establishment of a British colonial presence in 1789 by the [[Bengal Presidency]], the Jarawas experienced a massive population decline due to the introduction of outside [[infectious diseases]] to which they had no immunity.<ref name="venkateswar2004">{{Citation | title=Development and Ethnocide: Colonial Practices in the Andaman Islands | author=Sita Venkateswar | publisher=IWGIA | year=2004 | isbn=87-91563-04-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XFETVExNUYgC | quote=... As I have suggested previously, it is probable that some disease was introduced among the coastal groups by Lieutenant Colebrooke and Blair's first settlement in 1789, resulting in a marked reduction of their population. The four years that the British occupied their initial site on the south-east of South Andaman were sufficient to have decimated the coastal populations of the groups referred to as Jarawa by the Aka-bea-da ...}}</ref> The [[Great Andamanese]] tribes were similarly depopulated by their overuse of alcohol and opium (which were introduced to them by colonial officials) after their introduction, leaving open the western areas which the Jarawa gradually made their new homeland.<ref name="cavalli-sforza1995">{{Citation | title=The Great Human Diasporas: The History of Diversity and Evolution | author=Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Francesco Cavalli-Sforza | publisher=Basic Books | year=1995 | isbn=0-201-44231-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ApuuiwUkEZ0C | quote=... Contact with whites, and the British in particular, has virtually destroyed them. Illness, alcohol, and the will of the colonials all played their part; the British governor of the time mentions in his diary that he received instructions to destroy them with alcohol and opium. He succeeded completely with one group. The others reacted violently ...}}</ref> The immigration of mainland [[Demographics of India|Indian]] and [[Karen people|Karen (Burmese)]] settlers, beginning about two centuries ago, accelerated this process.<ref name="jarawasurvivalintl">{{Citation | title=Jarawa | work=Survival International | year=2009 | access-date=6 July 2009 | url=http://www.survival-international.org/tribes/jarawa | quote=... The principal threat to the Jarawa's existence comes from encroachment onto their land, which was sparked by the building of a highway through their forest in the 1970s. The road brings settlers, poachers and loggers, who steal the tribe's game and expose them to disease... | archive-date=14 July 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090714034142/http://www.survival-international.org/tribes/jarawa | url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
Despite the disease epidemics during the colonial era and the chaos of the [[World War II|Second World War]] (during which they were attacked by [[Imperial Japanese Army|imperial Japanese forces]]), the Jarawas managed to remain intact as a tribe.<ref name="jstor1"/> From the 1970s, the controversial [[Great Andaman Trunk Road]] was built through their western forest homeland. As result, contacts between the Jarawas and outsiders began to increase, resulting in occasional trading but also the outbreak of diseases.<ref name="lota2006gs"/><ref name="abbi2006"/><ref name="jarawasurvivalintl"/> Most Jarawas vigorously maintained their independence and distance, however, and actively discouraged most incursions and attempts at contact.<ref name="jarawasurvivalintl"/> Regardless, they became accessible to some Indian linguists.<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=604090|title=A Bibliographical Introduction to Andamanese Linguistics |last1=Zide |first1=Norman |last2=Pandya |first2=Vishvajit |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |year=1989 |volume=109 |issue=4 |pages=639–651 |doi=10.2307/604090 }}</ref> From 1997, Jarawas began to initiate contacts with settled populations instead of being coaxed to show themselves. Meetings with outsiders, especially with tourists, remained extremely dangerous to the Jarawas due to the risk of disease.<ref name="jarawasurvivalintl"/> In spite of these risks, the Jarawas increasingly assumed an active role, learning more about the settled population, taking up opportunities to trade more frequently, and informing themselves about their own special status as protected people. In the process, Jarawas learned other languages, sought medical aid, and began to ask tourists for money if they wanted to take photos.<ref name="andamanl">{{cite web |title=From dangerous to endangered: Jarawa "primitives" and welfare politics in the Andaman Islands |author=Vishvajit Pandya |date=2 June 2007 |url=http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/originals/PandyaWelfare/pandya-jarawawelfare.htm |access-date=2 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505064005/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/originals/PandyaWelfare/pandya-jarawawelfare.htm |archive-date=5 May 2009 }} "The early history of Jarawa hostility towards outsiders was brought to a gradual end by a series of friendly contacts by the Indian administration which continued till 1998–99 when the Jarawa community on its own came in close sustained contact with the outside world. Despite the changing trajectories of the history of contact between Jarawas and outsiders, what remains significantly unchanged are perceptions of the Jarawa from colonial to post-colonial times." "The Jarawa no longer loiter on the roadside, waiting for charity from passing people. They now allow themselves to be photographed against payment in kind. The ATR has changed the Jarawa and made them conscious that they are objects of discipline for the administration or commodities for gawking tourists in search of the "exotic" in the Andamans. This understanding has helped them to negotiate situations involving outsiders with increasing confidence." "Jarawa seeking medical help are moved to the local medical establishments at once. It is no longer a situation of outsiders trying to convince Jarawa to come out and seek medical assistance. They do so willingly at their own initiative" "These Jarawa, as has been experienced, are very friendly, speak Hindi very fluently and regularly visit the local inhabitants for food. It has also been observed that a group of about 80 Jarawa who regularly visit the Tirur area are so friendly with the people that a few of the Jarawa children recently approached the local teacher for admission in the school as they had observed other children studying in the school/college".</ref><br />
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Today, several Jarawa groups are in regular contact with the outside world through settlements on the fringes of their Reserve, through daily contact with outsiders along the Andaman Trunk Road and at jetties, marketplaces and hospitals near the road and at settlements near the reserve, with some children even showing up at mainstream schools and asking to be educated along with settler children.<ref name="andamanl"/> Jarawas currently have a population of 270 remaining.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dice.missouri.edu/docs/andamans/Jarawa.pdf|title=Database for Indigenous Cultural Evolution|website=Dice.missouri.edu|access-date=21 October 2021|archive-date=29 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029134245/http://dice.missouri.edu/docs/andamans/Jarawa.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Hunting and diet===<br />
[[File:Jarwa reserve forest ,Andaman Islands, India.JPG|thumb|Forest in the Jarwa reserve]]<br />
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As the Jarawas are a nomadic tribe; they hunt endemic wild pigs, [[monitor lizard]]s and other quarry with bows and arrows. They have recently begun keeping dogs to help with hunting, as the Onges and Andamanese do.<ref name="jstor1"/><br />
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Since this is an island tribe, food sources in the ocean are highly important to them. Men fish with bows and arrows in shallow water. Women catch fish with baskets.<br />
<br />
[[Mollusca|Mollusks]], [[dugong]]s and turtles are a major part of the Jarawa diet. Besides meat and seafood, Jarawas collect fruit, tubers and honey from the forest. In order to get honey from bees, they use a plant extract to calm the bees.<br />
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The Jarawa bow, made of chuiood (''[[Sageraea]] elliptica''), is known as "aao" in their own language. The arrow is called "patho". The wooden head of the arrow is made of ''[[Areca]]'' wood. To make the iron head arrow, called "aetaho" in their language, they use iron and ''Areca'' wood or bamboo. When they go hunting or on raids, they wear a chest guard called "kekad".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dice.missouri.edu/docs/andamans/Jarawa.pdf|title=Jarawa|website=Dice.missouri.edu|access-date=21 October 2021|archive-date=29 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029134245/http://dice.missouri.edu/docs/andamans/Jarawa.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
Food preparation is mainly done by roasting; baking as well as boiling. However, the Jarawas also consume food raw. The Jarawas have well balanced diets, and since they exploit both terrestrial as well as aquatic resources, they can easily supplement one type of food by another one in case of a shortage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230881508|title=Nutritional and Health Status of the Jarawas : A Preliminary Report|last=Sahani|first=Ramesh}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Jarawas also have support from the Indian government. They receive monthly allowances by the government and also receive wages for taking care of citrus fruit plantations. The Jarawas have a strong dependence on gathering different items, such as turtle eggs, honey, yams, larvae, jackfruit and wild citrus fruits and wild berries.<br />
<br />
==Impact of the Great Andaman Trunk Road==<br />
The biggest threat to the Jarawa in recent years came from the building of the [[Great Andaman Trunk Road]] through their newer western forest homeland in the 1970s.<ref name="lota2006gs">{{Citation | title=Editorial: After ATR what? | newspaper=The Light of Andamans | date=6 January 2006 |volume=32 |issue=2 | quote=... The Great Andaman Trunk Road was constructed over the dead bodies of the APWD mazdoors, the Jarawas and the bush police personnel ... The road is mired in controversy, a very serious one at that ... the Jarawas have gone through a churning. They have acquired all, almost all, the vices of civilization. They have taken to eating rice and dal, taking tobacco and gutka and maybe even submitting to sexual exploitation whether by choice or due to allurement. They too have gone too far. The irony is: nobody knows how to save the tribe. Nobody is sure closing the ATR would save them. Yet they have to maintain the position. If the tribal civilization disintegrates even after closing the road, it is nobody's loss; except the islanders. Barring a few, the tribal rights activists don't belong to the islands ...}}</ref><ref name="abbi2006">{{Citation | title=Endangered Languages of the Andaman Islands | author=Anvita Abbi | author-link=Anvita Abbi | year=2006 | publisher=Lincom Europa | isbn=9783895868665 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VWVkAAAAMAAJ | quote=... The building of the Andaman Grand Trunk road has exposed Jarawas to the city dwellers and exploitation. Their fish catch and game are bought for a simple packet of biscuits. Jarawa children have become very fond of biscuits and loiter on the street to satisfy their desire from visiting tourists. These are highly endangered tribes, yet a slight increase in the population such as an increase from 19 in 1961 to 50 [refer to the table 2 given above] of Great Andamanese builds some hope. Nine days after giant waves struck the Little Andaman Island, a child was born at a relief camp at soccer stadium and the Ongre tribe of hunters and gatherers took a step away from extinction. Post-Tsunami life for tribes is varied. While Jarawas are least affected by the calamity ...}}</ref> In late 1997, some Jarawa started coming out of their forest to visit nearby settlements for the first time. Within months a serious [[measles]] epidemic broke out.{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}} In 1999 and 2006 the Jarawa suffered another outbreak of measles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/tribes/jarawa|title=Jarawa|first1=Survival|last1=International|website=Survivalinternational.org|access-date=21 October 2021|archive-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403155426/https://www.survivalinternational.org/tribes/jarawa|url-status=dead}}</ref> No deaths were reported.<br />
<br />
The impact of the highway, in addition to widespread encroachment, [[poaching]] and commercial exploitation of Jarawa lands, caused a lawsuit to be filed with the [[Calcutta High Court]], which has jurisdiction over the islands. The case escalated to the [[Supreme Court of India]] as a [[Public Interest Litigation]] (PIL). The [[Society for Andaman and Nicobar Ecology]], the [[Bombay Natural History Society]] and [[Pune]]-based [[Kalpavriksh]] joined in the petition, resulting in a landmark High Court judgment in 2001, directing the administration to take steps to protect the Jarawa from encroachment and contact, as well as preemptively ruling out any program that involved relocating the Jarawa to a new reservation. Planned extensions of the highway were also prohibited by the court.<ref name="indiatogethersdj">{{Citation | title=The road to destruction | newspaper=India Together | date=October 2003 | access-date = 19 November 2008 | url=http://www.indiatogether.org/2003/oct/adv-gtroad.htm | quote=... In 1998, in an issue relating to excessive logging activities in Little Andaman and the danger posed to the Onge tribe, the Pune-based environmental action group Kalpavriksh, the Port Blair-based SANE and the Mumbai-based Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) filed a writ petition before the Kolkata High Court. The administration stonewalled it. It was argued that the matter could be taken up only in the Supreme Court, and the case landed there ...}}</ref> However, the ''Light of Andamans'' editorialised that the changes to the Jarawa were likely irreversible and should have been assessed more thoroughly before the road was built.<ref name="lota2006gs" /><br />
<br />
==Impact of tourism==<br />
A major problem is the volume of sightseeing tours that are operated by private companies, where tourists view, photograph or otherwise attempt interactions with Jarawas, who are often begging by the highway. These are illegal under Indian law, and in March 2008, the Tourism Department of the Andaman and Nicobar administration issued a fresh warning to tour operators that attempting contact with Jarawas, photographing them, stopping vehicles while transiting through their land or offering them rides were prohibited under the [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Protection of Aboriginal Tribes Regulation, 1956]] and would be prosecuted under a strict interpretation of the statute.<ref name="oneindia2008">{{Citation | title=जारवा के इलाकों में पयर्टकों का प्रवेश बंद (Tourists' entry to Jarawa areas forbidden) | newspaper=Oneindia | date=5 March 2008 | access-date=24 November 2008 | url=https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/2008/03/05/nation-people-andaman-nicobar-jarawa-tribes.html | quote=... इस आदेश का उल्लंघन करने वाले आपरेटरों के खिलाफ कड़ी कानूनी कार्रवाई की जायेगी. बयान में कहा गया कि यह जनजाति क्षेत्र केन्द्र शासित प्रदेश के प्रोटेक्श्न आफ एबोआरिजिनल ट्राइब्स रेगुलेशन एक्ट (1956) के अतंगर्त आते हैं (Violators will be prosecuted strictly. These tribal areas fall under the purview of the union territory's Protection of Aboriginal Tribes Regulation, 1956)... अंडमान ट्रंक रोड (एटीआर) पर पर्यटकों को ले जाते समय वाहनों को रोका नहीं जाये और न ही जारवा जनजाति के लोगों को अपने वाहन में बैठाया जाये. उन्हें यह भी कहा गया कि वे यह भी ध्यान रखे कि न तो जारवा जनजाति के फोटो लिये जाये और न ही उनकी वीडियोग्राफी की जाये (Vehicles in which tourists are transit via the ATR are not permitted to stop or offer rides to Jarawa tribal members. Photography and videography of Jarawas is prohibited) ... गणेशन ने कहा कि आधिकारिक तौर पर यह दिखाया जाता है कि पर्यटकों को एटीआर होकर बारातंत द्वीप की सैर कराई जाती है ... हर रोज करीब पांच सौ से अधिक पर्यटकों (Ganeshan said that, while on paper tourists are shown as transiting to Baratang Island ... over 500 are being taken to view Jarawas every day) .... | archive-date=2 October 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002115540/http://thatshindi.oneindia.in/news/2008/03/05/nation-people-andaman-nicobar-jarawa-tribes.html | url-status=live }}</ref> It has been alleged, however, that these rules are being flouted with over 500 tourists being taken to view Jarawas daily by private tour operators, while being shown as transiting to legitimate destinations and resulting in continuing daily interaction between the Jarawa and day tourists inside the reserve area.<ref name="oneindia2008" /><br />
<br />
In 2006, the Indian travel company Barefoot had established a resort 3&nbsp;km distant from the Jarawa reserve. The development was the subject of a recent court case brought by a small section of Andaman authorities who wanted to stop the resort, and appealed against a Calcutta High Court ruling allowing it to continue.<ref name="ecoworldly">{{Citation|title=Indian Luxury Resort Endangers Isolated Jarawa Tribe |work=Ecoworldly |access-date=3 July 2009 |url=http://ecoworldly.com/2009/06/17/indian-luxury-resort-endangers-isolated-jarawa-tribe/ |quote=The survival of the Jarawa tribe, on the Andaman Islands in India, is threatened by the construction of a luxury resort ... |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625182107/http://ecoworldly.com/2009/06/17/indian-luxury-resort-endangers-isolated-jarawa-tribe/ |archive-date=25 June 2009 }}</ref> Barefoot won that case.{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}<br />
<br />
Some Indian tourism companies bring tourists close to their secluded areas where the natives are tossed food from the caravans.<ref name="TheGuardian">{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/07/andaman-islands-tribe-tourism-threat?intcmp=239 | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Gethin | last=Chamberlain | title=Andaman Islands tribe threatened by lure of mass tourism | date=7 January 2012}}</ref><br />
In 2012, a video shot by a tourist showed women encouraged to dance by an off-camera policeman.<ref name="TheGuardian" /><br />
<br />
On 21 January 2013 a Bench of Justices G.S. Singhvi and H.L. Gokhale passed an interim order banning tourists from taking the trunk road passing through Jarawa areas. As a response to this interim order, a petition was filed on behalf of local inhabitants which stated that the Andaman Trunk Road is a vital road and connects more than 350 villages. The Supreme Court therefore, on 5 March 2013 reversed its interim order, allowing the road to be fully re-opened, but with vehicles only being allowed to travel in large convoys four times a day.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Jangil]]<br />
* [[Negrito]]<br />
* [[Andaman Islands]]<br />
* [[Onge]]<br />
* [[Great Andamanese]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
*"[http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/101east/2012/04/201241712331813468.html The lost tribe]", ''[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]'' report, 20 April 2012<br />
*"[http://www.survivalinternational.org/tribes/jarawa The Jarawa]", [[Survival International]] website<br />
*"[http://www.indiatogether.org/2003/oct/adv-gtroad.htm Jarawa and the road to destruction], from the ''India Together'' website<br />
* "[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001876/187690e.pdf The Jarawa Tribal Reserve Dossier: Cultural & Biological Diversities in the Andaman Islands]", edited by Pankaj Sekhsaria and Vishvajit Pandya, 212pp, Paris: [[UNESCO]], 2010<br />
* Saini, Ajay (2016) "What Murdered the Mixed-Race Jarawa Baby?" Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 51(15) [http://www.epw.in/journal/2016/15/web-exclusives/what-murdered-%E2%80%9Cmixed-race%E2%80%9D-jarawa-baby.html What Murdered the “Mixed-Race” Jarawa Baby?]<br />
* Mirante, Edith (2014) "The Wind in the Bamboo: Journeys in Search of Asia's 'Negrito' Indigenous Peoples" Bangkok, Orchid Press.<br />
* Mukerjee, Madhusree (2003) "The Land of Naked People: Encounters with Stone Age Islanders" Boston, Houghton Mifflin.<br />
* Sekhsaria, Pankaj (2003) Troubled Islands: Writings on the Indigenous Peoples and Environment of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Pune, India: Kalpavriksh and LEAD.<br />
* Venkateswar, Sita (2004) "Development and Ethnocide: Colonial Practices in the Andaman Islands" Copenhagen, International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs<br />
<br />
{{Negritos}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jarawa People (Andaman Islands)}}<br />
[[Category:Ethnic groups in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]<br />
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of South Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Uncontacted peoples]]<br />
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kasivisvesvara_Temple,_Lakkundi&diff=457204Kasivisvesvara Temple, Lakkundi2026-03-23T00:20:08Z<p>Itssuvam: brief cleanup information and improved wording</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Temple in the Gadag district of Karnataka state, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox religious building<br />
| religious_affiliation = [[Hinduism]]<br />
| image = 11th century Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 12.jpg<br />
| alt = Kasivisvesvara temple in Lakkundi<br />
| caption = Kasivisvesvara temple<br />
| map_type = India Karnataka#India<br />
| map_alt = Saavira<br />
| map_size = 180px<br />
| map_caption = Location within Karnataka<br />
| relief = yes<br />
| location = [[Lakkundi]], [[Karnataka]]<br />
| deity = [[Shiva]], [[Surya]]<br />
| established = 1025 CE<br />
| architecture_style = [[Western Chalukya architecture]]<br />
| temple_quantity = 1<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|15|23|14.6|N|75|43|01.4|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br />
| governing_body = [[Archaeological Survey of India]] <br />
}}<br />
The '''Kasivisvesvara temple''' ({{Langx |kn| ಕಾಶಿವಿಶ್ವೇಶ್ವರ ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ }}), also referred to as the '''Kavatalesvara''', '''Kashivishveshvara''' or '''Kashi Vishvanatha''' temple of [[Lakkundi]] is located in the [[Gadag district]] of [[Karnataka]] state, [[India]]. It is about {{Convert|12|km}} from [[Gadag]] city, between [[Hampi]] and [[Goa]].<ref name="well">{{cite web|title=Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent|date=1996-09-20|url=http://www.indoarch.org/place.php?placelink=R=5%2BS=18%2BP=230%2BM=0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013003520/http://www.indoarch.org/place.php?placelink=R=5%2BS=18%2BP=230%2BM=0|url-status=usurped|archive-date=13 October 2008|author=Kamiya, Takeo|publisher=Gerard da Cunha-Architecture Autonomous, Bardez, [[Goa]], India|access-date=2007-10-27}}</ref><ref>Gazetteer of the Government of Karnataka (2005), [http://www.gazetteer.kar.nic.in/data/gazetteer/postind/Kar_Handbook_2005_Chapter14.Pdf Handbook of Karnataka Chapter XIV], page 392, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090304232130/http://www.gazetteer.kar.nic.in/data/gazetteer/postind/Kar_Handbook_2005_Chapter14.Pdf Archive]</ref>{{refn|group=note|This temple should not be confused with similarly named temples in India; there are numerous temples all over the Indian subcontinent that are called Kasivisvesvara or Kashi Vishwanatha.}} The Kasivisvesvara temple is one of the best illustrations of fully developed Kalyana Chalukya style of Hindu architecture.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|Michael Meister|1996|pages=95–96}}<br />
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The Kasivisvesvara temple has two sanctums facing each other and sharing a mandapa. The larger sanctum is dedicated to Shiva, the other to Surya.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|Michael Meister|1996|pages=95–96}} It is notable not only for the three dimensional miniature reliefs and fine details of its artwork, the temple is also notable, states James Harle, for integrating all three major styles of Hindu temple architecture – the Nagara, the Vesara and the Dravida.{{sfn|James C. Harle|1994|p=256}}<br />
<br />
==Location==<br />
Lakkundi is about 12 kilometers from the twin city of Gadag-Betageri, between [[Hampi]] and [[Goa]], connected by India's National Highway 67. A home to numerous ruins of historic Hindu and Jain temples, Lakkundi is geographically located in a region with many major temple groups from the [[Kalachuris of Kalyani|Kalachuris]], [[Chalukyas]], [[Seuna|Yadavas-Seunas]], [[Hoysalas]] and [[Vijayanagara]] era. For example, it is close to historic temples found in [[Dambal]], [[Kukkanur]], Gadag, Annigeri, Mulgund, Harti, Laksmesvara, Kalkeri, Savadi, Hooli, Rona, Sudi, Koppal, and [[Itagi]].{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|Michael Meister|1996|pages=3–4, Chapter 33}} The nearest Railway station is in Gadag city. The Kasivisvesvara temple is located towards the south of the village.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Lakkundi is phonetically shortened name of the historic city of ''Lokkigundi'', a name found in inscriptions in the village and those quite far in southern Karnataka and Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/History-I/chapter_9.pdf|title= CHAPTER 9. THE CALUKYAS AND THE KALACURYAS OF KALYANI. HISTORY–ANCIENT PERIOD, Chalukya|access-date=2009-03-10}}</ref> The earliest surviving inscription was discovered by British archaeologists on a stone slab near Kanner Bhanvi – a step well in Lakkundi. The inscribed stone slab was being used by local ''dhobis'' (laundry washerman) to wash clothes at the step well.<ref name="Burgess1885"/> The inscription on it dates to 790 CE. This inscription confirms that Lakkundi was already in existence and significant enough for an inscription by the 8th-century. James Fergusson – the 19th-century Scottish historian known for his archaeological and architectural studies in India, reported over 30 more inscriptions from Lakkundi, in Kannada and Sanskrit, most of which range between the 11th and 12th century. Some of these were foundation stone inscriptions of Jain and Hindu temples, others gifts to different temples, to ''Maha-agrahara'', to monasteries such as ''Hiree Matha'' (now lost), to donate step wells for the public and pilgrims, and other purposes. Though damaged, many of them include the ''Saka'' year of the inscription. The profusion of these inscriptions attests to the importance of Lakkundi as a historic city to both Hindu and Jain traditions.<ref name="Burgess1885">{{cite book|author=James Burgess|title=Lists of the Antiquarian Remains in the Bombay Presidency |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xScXAAAAYAAJ |year=1885|publisher=Government Central Press|pages=37–39}}</ref><br />
<br />
Many more inscriptions on stone and copper plates mentioning Lokkugundi have been discovered far from Lakkundi. However, in this part of ancient and medieval Karnataka, Lokkugundi is among the most mentioned cities. By 1884, some thirty five Hindu and Jain inscriptions dated to between the 9th and 13th-century CE had been found that mention Lokkugundi.<ref name="Campbell1884">{{cite book|author=J.M. Campbell|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Dháwár |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wxlBAQAAMAAJ |year=1884|publisher=Government Central Press|pages=389–390}}</ref> Though Lakkundi was an established town in the second half of the 1st millennium, its growth and wealth came after 973 CE when Taila II, a Chalukya of Vatapi descendant and chieftain appointed in 965 CE, organized a successful revolt against Karkka II of the Rashtrakuta dynasty. In regional texts, the reign that followed is called ''Cālukya'' (Later Chalukyas, Kalyani Chalukyas, or Chalukyas of Kalyana) to distinguish them from the ''Calukya'' (Early Chalukyas). Lakkundi flowered and grew with the Shiva-tradition Hindu monarch Satyasraya Irivabedanga – the successor and son of Taila II who came to power in 997 or 998 CE. This is attested by both Jain and Hindu inscriptions of early 11th-century.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|Michael Meister|1996|pages=3–7}}<ref>G. S. Dikshit (1947), ''Satyasraya Chalukya'', Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Vol. 10, pp. 241-244, {{JSTOR|44137139}}</ref><br />
<br />
Lakkundi grew to be a major city, prosperous and one with a mint. Lakkundi and several historic towns to its north – such as Rona, Sudi, Kradugu now known as Gadag, Hooli and others – attracted a burst of religious, cultural and literary flowering from the 11th to 13th century, with ever more sophisticated temple architectures, Vidyadana (charity supported schools) and public works such as step wells. These are largely in the context of Shaivism and Jainism, though a few major temples of Vaishnavism here are also from this period.<ref name="AlberyHartmann2021">{{cite book|author=Nupur Dasgupta|editor1=Henry Albery|editor2=Jens-Uwe Hartmann|editor3=Himanshu Prabha Ray|title=Power, Presence and Space: South Asian Rituals in Archaeological Context|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWHwDwAAQBAJ |year=2021|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-00-016880-8|pages=260–272}}</ref> In 1192 CE, after many of the remarkable temples of Lakkundi were already standing, a Sanskrit inscription of Hoysala king Ballala II re-affirms the continued importance of Lakkundi and it becoming his capital.<ref>{{cite book|author=Nupur Dasgupta|editor1=Henry Albery|editor2=Jens-Uwe Hartmann|editor3=Himanshu Prabha Ray|title=Power, Presence and Space: South Asian Rituals in Archaeological Context|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWHwDwAAQBAJ |year=2021|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-00-016880-8|pages=279–280}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Edith Tomory|title=A History of Fine Arts in India and the West|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7RTqAAAAMAAJ|year=1982|publisher=Orient Longman|isbn=978-0-86131-321-1|page=120}}</ref> After the 13th-century, there is an abrupt end to all evidence of new public works, temples, inscriptions and other indirect signs of economic prosperity in Lakkundi.<br />
<br />
===Date===<br />
[[File:11th century Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 06.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|11th century Kasivisvesvara temple]]<br />
The Kasivisvesvara temple is generally dated between early 11th-century to about mid 12th-century. The colonial era historians and archaeologists such as James Campbell and Henry Cousens, led by the hypothesis of [[Philip Meadows Taylor|Colonel Meadows Taylor]] – an influential and prolific writer on the history of South India, suggested two periods of construction. First completion by 11th-century, then a partial destruction by the Cholas, followed by reconstruction sometime in the 12th-century.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sir James MacNabb Campbell|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Dháwár|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wxlBAQAAMAAJ |year=1884|publisher=Government Central Press|pages=769–770 with footnote 1}}</ref> Dhaky and Meister – scholars of Indian temple architecture who have authored numerous treatises and books about the historic monuments on the Indian subcontinent, date the extant temple to between 1020 and 1030 CE, though in earlier remarks Dhaky had speculated "could be around 1010".{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|Michael Meister|1996|pages=95–100}}{{sfn|Hardy|1995|p=336}} Adam Hardy, another specialist on temple architecture in India, states that the Kasivisvesvara temple must have been completed before 1087 CE. Henry Cousens published an early opinion of a two stage construction in 1926 based on Colonel Meadows' reliance on an exaggerated tale of destruction and victories by the Chola court. This view is flawed, states Hardy, and has "given rise to the misconception" that the Kasivisvesvara temple may have been damaged by the Cholas and then rebuilt in the 12th-century.{{sfn|Hardy|1995|p=336}} The iconographic and architectural details of the Kasivisvesvara temple when considered in the context other temples built by the Lakkundi and the Sudi schools in this region in the 11th and 12th century, states Ajay Sinha – an Art and Architecture historian, suggest that Kasivisvesvara as it has survived is from ''c.'' 1075 CE.<ref name=Sinha>Ajay J. Sinha (1996), ''Architectural Invention in Sacred Structures: The Case of Vesara Temples of Southern India'', Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 387–390, Figure 10, context: 382-399, {{JSTOR|991180}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Temple plan==<br />
[[File:11th century Kasivisvesvara temple plan, Lakkundi Karnataka.jpg|left|thumb|11th century Kasivisvesvara temple plan Lakkundi Karnataka]]<br />
This is a double shrined temple (''dvikuta''), one co-axially aligned. The larger shrine faces east and is dedicated to [[Shiva]] (''Kasivisvesvara'', ''Kashivishwanatha''). The somewhat smaller shrine is dedicated to the Hindu sun god [[Surya]] (''Suryanarayana'').<ref name="surya">Cousens (1926), p. 81&ndash;82</ref> They are connected by a ranga-mandapa and a gudha-mandapa. The temple sits on a molded platform, one provided by steps to the rangamandapa as well as the gudhamandapa, in a manner similar to the Rashtrakuta style of Hindu architecture. The superstructure above the sanctums are damaged, but the portions that survive when studied with the pitha and outer structure, indicate an exceptional approach to integrating the architecture from the northern parts of subcontinent (Nagara), west (Maru-Gurjara), south (Dravida) and central–east (Vesara).{{refn|group=note|Vesara was the fusion and synthesis where architectural ideas from the north and south were combined and innovated upon in Deccan–Odisha region; some sophisticated Vesara examples are found in the Hoysala temples.}} While aspects of this synthetic innovation are also found in few other Lakkundi temples such as the Nanneswara temple and those at Aihole, this temple's plan and execution is the best successful example that has survived from the Kalyana Chalukyan era.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|Michael Meister|1996|pages=95–100}}{{sfn|James C. Harle|1994|p=256}} According to Adam Hardy, this and other Lakkundi temples reflect the evolution of one of the historic trends that we now call as the Lakkundi school, their achievements seen in the Hindu temples at Kukkanur, Mudhol and Rona. The Lakkundi school competed in northern Karnataka with the historic Sudi school of architecture illustrated by the Hindu temples in Aihole, Mahakut, Banashankari and Sudi.{{sfn|Hardy|1995|p=158}}<br />
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The temple includes architectural developments in northern India. This is evidenced by the fact that the pilasters are decorated with miniature [[aedicule]]s from North Indian Hindu temples, namely the ''[[Sekhari (architecture)|Sekhari-Nagara]]'' and ''[[Bhumija (architecture)|Bhumija-Nagara]]''.<ref>Adam Hardy (2001), Tradition and Transformation: Continuity and Ingenuity in the Temples of Karnataka, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol. 60, No. 2, page 193 (for context and more details, please see pp. 180-199, {{JSTOR|991703}}</ref> The miniature towers reflect the repetitive emanating shrines idea, a spiritual principle traceable in the ''Rig Veda''. Other northern ideas they incorporated were the pillar bodies that appeared as wall projections.<ref name="bhumi">Foekema (2003), pp. 51&ndash;52</ref> Well-known constructions incorporating these features are found at the Kasivisvesvara Temple and the nearby Nannesvara Temple.<ref name="lak">Foekema (2003), p51, p53</ref><br />
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[[File:11th century Hindu temple stambha, Kasivisvesvara, Lakkundi, Karnataka.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|A pillar inside the Kasivisvesvara mandapa.]]<br />
<br />
==Description==<br />
The Lakkundi temples follow the traditions and experimentation in architecture and arts (''vastu sastra, silpa sastra'') that began in the region between northern and southern tributaries of Krishna River, particularly the Malaprabha and Tungabhadra rivers. The surviving examples of these stretch from Aihole, Pattadakal to Alampur, Srisailam and Biccavolu regions (north Karnata, Andhradesa and Telingana).{{refn|group=note|This tradition can be traced from a region south of Goa and stretching to the Kalinga region of southwest Odisha. See Harle's Chapter 18,{{sfn|James C. Harle|1994|pp=254–258}} and Dhaky.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|Michael Meister|1996}}}} These show artisans and architects from the different regions and traditions of the Indian subcontinent sharing ideas, creating and innovating new temple designs where sections of the temple, including the towering superstructure over the sanctums combine and improve upon the north and south Indian designs (spire, sikhara, vimana). The earliest Lakkundi temple, the Brahma Jinalaya Jain temple, shows a continuity with the architecture found in the Kukkanur Hindu temple. The Kasivisvesvara temple attests to a stage of rapid, bold and elaborate synthesis of different styles on an imperial scale.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|Michael Meister|1996|pp=95, Chapter 33}}{{sfn|Foekema|2003|pp=51–53}} It exemplifies the [[Vesara]]-style Hindu temple architecture, a major innovation of the 11th-century.<ref name=Sinha/><br />
<br />
;Superstructure<br />
The larger shrine has a three storey (''tritala'') vimana with beautifully rendered wall-pilasters, one with a bifacial pallavi and bharaputraka-figures in the upper section. Small kutastambhas are carved between the karna and pratikarna, capped with elaborate and rich toranas. The artwork in these kutastambhas and toranas are unique in their details around the superstructure, thus enlivening the space framed between each salilantara-depression as one circumambulates the shrines. The karna niches present Bhimija, Vesara and Dravida designs found in early Sanskrit texts.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|Michael Meister|1996|pp=95–96}}<br />
<br />
;Outer walls<br />
[[File:11th century Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 35.jpg|thumb|left|Defaced ''Ramayana'' scene on the outer walls, Ravana challenging Kailasha.]]<br />
The upabhadra parts of the outer walls are equally innovative. Along with decorative elements drawn from themes of nature, they are filled with narrative scenes from Hindu legends. In particular, elephant-themed legends from the ''Mahabharata'', the ''Ramayana'' and the ''Shiva Purana'' are depicted, for instance the Gajantaka, the Kailasaharana and the Tarakasura-vadha legends.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|Michael Meister|1996|pp=95–96}}<br />
<br />
In the khattaka-niche of the bhadra, there are traces of Hindu gods and goddesses. These are too mutilated to identify the deities. The damage seems deliberate, and not from erosion, because the decoration around the niche is in near original form and the shapes can be recognized. These niches show the north Indian Nagara-shikaras at the top with deep trifoil arch, and andakas at their base. The details are well preserved. This motif repeats vertically like fractals, diminishing in proportions. These repeating motifs are aligned. At the very top of these patterns is depicted the Nagara-ghantas and makara-malas, such as those found in the surviving north Indian temples. Since the top of the superstructure is missing, it is unclear how the ''shilpins'' had completed this synthesis at the very top.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|Michael Meister|1996|pp=95–96}}{{sfn|Cousens|1926|pp=79–82}}<br />
<br />
The temple has two kapili-walls at each side. These have foliated wall pilasters that is boldly projecting. A prominent nasi combined with a smaller surnasi are shown being lifted by lions.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|Michael Meister|1996|pp=95–96}}<br />
<br />
;Gudha-mandapa<br />
[[File:11th century Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 55.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Artwork on a gudhamandapa pilaster. The two paired lions are the emblems of the Lakkundi school of ''shilpins''.]]<br />
The walls and pillars in the gudha-mandapa connecting the Shiva and Surya shrines suggest that the mandapa clearly had a roof. This roof was damaged and lost in later centuries. The mandapa and its walls that have survived show that this space and the architecture was relatively simple, with a uniform scheme of decoration and lacked the decoration, as if to prevent the pilgrims and devotees from standing and crowding the entrances to the Shiva and Surya temples. Instead, the sophisticated artwork is along the circumabulation paths on the platform around the temples, as well the entrances and inside the mandapa.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|Michael Meister|1996|pp=95–96}}<br />
<br />
The doors at the entrances at the gudha-mandapa, states Dhaky, are "graced by a very highly ornate" artwork. They correspond to the teachings in to the ''Vastu Sastras'', illustrating doorways reserved for temples built by a sovereign king. The doorways are a compound composition, an inner ''satsakha'' for Surya and ''saptasakha'' for Shiva, wrapped with an outer ''trisakha''. These are parallel concentric bands of elaborate carvings. They show ratna (jewelled layer), artha (theme of people), two bands of kama (mithuna, amorous couples, eros), stambha, vyala, valli, and padma bands. Scholars such as Cousens, Campbell, Dhaky in different words call these as, " exquisitely carved and carefully finished" and one where the 11th-century artists achieved on the stone the craftsmanship one expects on "bronze and silver".{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|Michael Meister|1996|pp=95–96}}{{sfn|Cousens|1926|pp=79–82}} It is, states Cousens, "delicate work of perforated filigree with fine tracery", completed such that the innumerable interstices cast a natural shadow. The blackness of this shadow accentuates the artwork on the stone; just how the artists used their tools and worked these small holes and forms, states Cousens, is "marvellous".{{sfn|Cousens|1926|pp=79–82}}<br />
<br />
[[File:11th century Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 69.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Lower section of the rangamandapa pillars.]]<br />
These ''lalita-bimba'' of the door frames are graced by Abhiseka-Lakshmi like other Hindu temples. Above her are eleven Hindu deities, but too mutilated to identify just like the pedya human figures. The Srikara style pillars of the Gudhamandapa are similar to the Nannesvara temple nearby in Lakkundi. The notable artwork is found on the bhadraka wall-pilasters at the antarala, that is closer to the sanctum. It is bold and rich in decoration with details as though done on gold, with "festoons of pearl-strings", states Dhaky.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|Michael Meister|1996|pp=95–96}} As one enters the mandapa inside each shrine, above is an open lotus.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|Michael Meister|1996|pp=95–96}}<br />
<br />
;Ranga-mandapa<br />
The ranga-mandapa in the Shiva temple is square and supported by beautiful lathe-carved pillars, that appear to have been polished and assembled. The smoothness and symmetry achieved in the massive stone pillar, states Cousens, is one expected with a pillar made of ivory or silver.{{sfn|Cousens|1926|p=81}} The bottom of the pillars are carved in three dimensions (damaged), with framed sections highlighting Hindu motifs and depicting the epic legends. The brackets, above the capitals, have little lions, set within ''kirtimukhas''. Pepal leaf scrolls highlight the otherwise smooth surface. To the south of the ranga-mandapa are stairs to enter the temple.{{sfn|Cousens|1926|p=81}}<br />
<br />
;Garbha-gudi<br />
[[File:11th century Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 10.jpg|thumb|The main Shiva shrine's garbhagudi (sanctum) door decoration]]<br />
The sanctum doorway of the Shiva shrine is flanked by two Brahmakanta pilasters, both richly carved. In addition are elaborately carved parallel ''sakhas'', but instead of artha scenes of people, they show dancing and cheerful apsaras and godlings. Other layers show nature (flowering creepers, birds, peacocks, elephants), mithuna (amorous couples cuddling up, love scenes), and padma mala. There is the Gaja-lakshmi block, along with panels of Shaiva sages. The largest three panels show Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, with Shiva taking the center stage.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|Michael Meister|1996|pp=97}} The sanctum doorway of the Surya shrine is similar, richly carved but a bit smaller, with different details and abbreviated. The panel above the sanctum door shows Surya riding a chariot of seven horses with miniature Aruna managing them. Flanking them are miniature Usha and Chayya goddesses. The symmetry and proportions make the Surya temple appear "handsomer" than the main shrine, states Dhaky.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|Michael Meister|1996|pp=97}}<br />
<br />
Inside the Shiva shrine is a three foot linga, while the idol inside the Surya shrine has long been lost and is empty.{{sfn|Cousens|1926|p=81}}<br />
<br />
===Decorative features===<br />
According to Cousens, the doorpost [[Molding (decorative)|moulding]]s on the southern and eastern doorway are worthy of mention. On both sides of the southern doorway are four inner bands of scrolls which run up the sides and around the lower part of the [[entablature]] above. Next to these bands, on either side, in the centre, are tall columns or [[pilaster]]s supporting the lower [[cornice]] above. Beyond these columns, on either side, are four more bands of decorative mouldings.<ref name="lintel">Cousens (1926), p. 80</ref> Above the lower cornice, the entablature consists of small figures, now numbering only three (must have been eleven originally) standing under cusped arches. Above these figures is a valance of beads hanging in [[festoons]]. Above the cornice is a procession of men and animals. These images include horsemen and musicians.<ref name="lathe">Cousens (1926), p. 81</ref><br />
<br />
The ornamentation on the outer wall of the shrine consists of prominent central niches above which is a miniature tower ([[shikhara]] or [[aedicule]]) which is purely ''nagara'' (north Indian) in style and cuts through the principal cornice. The decorative arch above the miniature tower is a conspicuous ornamental feature of the superstructure. The miniature tower arch combination is repeated up the superstructure of the shrine. The [[finial]] (''[[kalasha]]'') and the capping structure of the tower is missing. In the temple hall, decorations are found on the pillars, their capital, and [[Bracket (architecture)|bracket]]s figures above the capital.<ref name="lathe">Cousens (1926), p. 81</ref><br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
The Kasivisvesvara temple highlights the innovative hallmarks and achievements of the Lakkundi school ''shilpins'' and ''sthapatis'' (artisans and architects) who explored the possibilities with soapstone, in contrast to the Sudi school which stayed with sandstone and focussed on its possibilities. This Lakkundi innovation was adopted by the Hoysala artisans, who built numerous temple groups on southern Karnataka. These schools were in the centre of cultural and temple-building activity of the [[Western Chalukya Empire]] near the [[Tungabhadra River]] region, where they built numerous monuments.<ref name="workshop">Hardy (1995), p 156</ref> Lakkundi in particular was the location of the mature phase of the [[Western Chalukya architecture]],<ref name="jodi">Hardy (1995), p 158</ref> and the Kasivisvesvara temple marks a high point of these achievements. According to Henry Cousens, it is one of the most ornate temples in the [[Kannada]] spoken region of India.<ref name="ornate">Cousens (1926), p. 79</ref><br />
<br />
According to Cousens, the Kasivisvesvara temple epitomises the shift in Chalukyan artistic achievements, towards sharper and crisper stone work not seen in earlier constructions, taking full advantage of the effect of light and shade. Special attention was paid to mouldings, arches and other details on the tower, and decorations on doorjambs and lintels.<ref name="lintel">Cousens (1926), p. 80</ref><br />
<br />
The Kasivisvesvara temple is a "landmark in the history of medieval architecture of Karnatadesa", states Dhaky.{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|Michael Meister|1996|p=100}} According to Adam Hardy, "of the many temples at Lakkundi, the richest and most extraordinary is the Kasivisvesvara".{{sfn|Hardy|1995|p=158}}<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:11th century Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 44.jpg|The intricately carved, ''panchasakha'' sanctum door of the Surya shrine; the lalita-bimba shows Surya<br />
Old Kannada inscription (1087 A.D.) at the Kasi Visveshvara temple in Lakkundi.JPG|Old Kannada inscription of Vikramaditya VI dated 1087 A.D on temple beam<br />
Kirthimukha at Kasivisvesvara Temple at Lakkundi.JPG|''[[Kirtimukha]]'' (demon face) with miniature tower decorative arch combination going up the shrine superstructure<br />
File:11th century Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 62.jpg|Pillars in the mandapa<br />
File:11th century Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 53.jpg|Miniature iconography and fine details<br />
File:11th century Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 49.jpg|Artwork near the door<br />
File:11th century Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 63.jpg|One of the ceiling carvings<br />
File:11th century Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 47.jpg|Musicians and dancers, latter illustrating classical Indian ''natya'' (dance) mudras<br />
File:11th century Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 40.jpg|Panels show Ramayana and Mahabharata scenes, but much has been mutilated and defaced<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist|group=note}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|33em}}<br />
<br />
===Bibliography===<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
*{{cite book|last=Cousens|first= Henry|title= The Chalukyan Architecture of Kanarese Districts (Republished in 1996)|year= 1926|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |location= New Delhi|oclc = 37526233}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Hardy|first=Adam |title=Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation-The Karnata Dravida Tradition 7th to 13th Centuries|orig-year=1995|year=1995|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn= 81-7017-312-4}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Foekema|first=Gerard |title= Architecture decorated with architecture: Later medieval temples of Karnataka, 1000–1300 AD|orig-year=2003|year=2003|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd|location= New Delhi|isbn= 81-215-1089-9}}<br />
*{{cite web|author=Kamiya, Takeyo|title=Architecture of Indian subcontinent|url=http://www.indoarch.org/place.php?placelink=R%3D5%2BS%3D18%2BP%3D0%2BM%3D0|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150402092751/http://www.indoarch.org/place.php?placelink=R=5+S=18+P=0+M=0|url-status=usurped|archive-date=2 April 2015|publisher=Gerard da Cunha|work=Indian Architecture|access-date=2008-08-16}}<br />
*{{cite book|author1=Vinayak Bharne|author2=Krupali Krusche|title=Rediscovering the Hindu Temple: The Sacred Architecture and Urbanism of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGukBgAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-4438-6734-4 }}<br />
*{{cite book|author=T. Richard Blurton|title=Hindu Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xJ-lzU_nj_MC |year=1993|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-39189-5 }}<br />
*{{cite book|author=Thomas E. Donaldson|title=Hindu Temple Art of Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i_dtAAAAMAAJ |year=1985|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-07173-5}}<br />
*{{cite book|author1=James Fergusson|author2=Richard Phené Spiers|title=History of Indian and Eastern Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4nnMwAEACAAJ |year=1910|publisher=John Murray}}<br />
*{{cite book|author=James Fergusson|title=History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, Volume 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kZ9QAAAAMAAJ|year=1967|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal}}<br />
*{{cite book|author=James Fergusson|title=History of Indian and Eastern Architecture Volume 3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ovVoAAAAcAAJ |year=1876|publisher=J. Murray}}<br />
*{{cite book|author=Adam Hardy|title=The Temple Architecture of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ofUVAQAAIAAJ |year=2007|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0-470-02827-8 }}<br />
*{{cite book|author=Adam Hardy|title=Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aU0hCAS2-08C |year=1995|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-312-0}}<br />
*{{cite book|author1=Michael W. Meister|author2=Madhusudan Dhaky|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 1 South India Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J0fKAQAACAAJ |year=1983a|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies |isbn=9780691040530}}<br />
*{{cite book|author1=M. A. Dhaky|author2=Michael W. Meister| title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture: Volume 1 Part 2 South India Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oClTtAEACAAJ |year=1983b |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-7992-4 }}<br />
*{{cite book|author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|author2=Michael Meister|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ |year=1996|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-81-86526-00-2 }}<br />
*{{cite book|author1=Michael W. Meister|author2=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 4 South India Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Db8YAAAAYAAJ |year=1983c|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies |isbn=978-81-7304-436-6}}<br />
*{{cite book|author1=Michael W. Meister|author2=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|author3=Krishna Deva|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture Volume 2 Part 1 North India Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J0fKAQAACAAJ |year=1983d|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=9780691040530}}<br />
*{{cite book|author1=Michael W. Meister|author2=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture: Volume 2 Part 2 North India Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ktjiyAEACAAJ |year=1993|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-691-04094-3}}<br />
*{{cite book|author=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture Volume 2 Part 3 North India Text & Plates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A2p2RAAACAAJ |year=1998|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-81-7304-225-6}}<br />
*{{cite book|author=George Michell|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture: Later Phase, C. AD. 1289-1798. South India. Dravidadesa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VhorcgAACAAJ |year=2001|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies}}<br />
*{{cite book|author=James C. Harle|title=The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwcBVvdqyBkC |year=1994|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-06217-5 }}<br />
*{{cite book|author1=Susan L. Huntington|author2=John C. Huntington|title=The Art of Ancient India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9g_uDwAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-3617-4}}<br />
*{{cite book|author=Stella Kramrisch|title=The Hindu Temple, Volume 1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Op6dSwAACAAJ |year=1996|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass}}<br />
*{{cite book|author=Stella Kramrisch|title=The Hindu Temple, Volume 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8-aS52MgIkMC |year=1976|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0224-7 }}<br />
*{{cite book|author=George Michell|title=The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sVdJAQAAIAAJ |year=1977|publisher=Harper & Row|isbn=978-0-06-435750-0}}<br />
*{{cite book|author=George Michell|title=The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eqtNAAAAYAAJ |year=1989|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-008144-2 }}<br />
*{{cite book|author=George Michell|title=Architecture and Art of Southern India: Vijayanagara and the Successor States 1350-1750|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W6bphUvvPf4C | year=1995| publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-44110-0 }}<br />
*{{cite book|author=George Michell|title=Hindu Art and Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YVl2QgAACAAJ |year=2000|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-20337-8}}<br />
*{{cite book|author=M. Rama Rao|title=Early Cālukyan Temples of Andhra Desa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyw8AAAAMAAJ |year=1965|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh}}<br />
*{{cite book|author=M. Rama Rao|title=Select Andhra Temples|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n-R6swEACAAJ |year=1970|isbn=9781340109394| publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh}}<br />
*{{cite book|author=K. V. Soundara Rajan|title=Architecture of the Early Hindu Temples of Andhra Pradesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lGFDAAAAYAAJ |year=1965|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh}}<br />
*{{cite book|author=Benjamin Rowland|title=The Art and Architecture of India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6L2fAAAAMAAJ |year=1970|publisher=Penguin Books}}<br />
*{{cite book|author=M R Sarma|title=Temples of Telingaṇa: The Architecture, Iconography, and Sculpture of the Calukya and Kakatiya Temples|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SSNUAAAAMAAJ |year=1972|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|isbn=978-81-215-0437-9}}<br />
*{{cite book|author=K. M. Suresh|title=Temples of Karnataka: Volumes 1 & 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4bLqAAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan|isbn=978-81-8090-013-6}}<br />
*{{cite book|author=Heinrich Robert Zimmer|title=The Art of Indian Asia: Text|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gknqAAAAMAAJ |year=1955|publisher=Pantheon Books}}<br />
<br />
{{Hindu temples in Karnataka}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:11th-century Hindu temples]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu temples in Gadag district]]<br />
[[Category:Chalukya dynasty]]<br />
[[Category:Shiva temples in Karnataka]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hemidactylus_kolliensis&diff=502566Hemidactylus kolliensis2026-03-13T17:05:02Z<p>Itssuvam: Put up a post!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Species of lizard}}<br />
{{Speciesbox<br />
| status =<br />
| genus = Hemidactylus<br />
| species = kolliensis<br />
| authority = Agarwal, [[Aaron Matthew Bauer|Bauer]], Giri, & Khandekar, 2019<br />
| synonyms = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Hemidactylus kolliensis''''', the '''Kolli rock gecko''' is a species of [[gecko]]. It is [[endemic]] to [[India]].<ref name=RDB>{{NRDB species|genus=Hemidactylus|species=kolliensis}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Taxonbar|from=Q85766201}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hemidactylus]]<br />
[[Category:Reptiles described in 2019]]<br />
[[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]<br />
[[Category:Taxa named by Aaron M. Bauer]]<br />
{{Hemidactylus-stub}}</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Tamil_people&diff=451296List of Tamil people2026-03-12T20:51:18Z<p>Itssuvam: General improvements to article content</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|none}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=February 2021}}<br />
This is a '''list of notable [[Tamils]]'''.<br />
{{Dynamic list}}<br />
<br />
==Ancient Kings and Rulers==<br />
{{See also|List of Tamil monarchs}}<br />
<br />
=== Tamil dynasties ===<br />
* [[Chola dynasty]] <br />
* [[Pandya dynasty]] <br />
* [[Chera dynasty]]<br />
* [[Pallava dynasty]]<br />
* [[Ay dynasty]]<br />
* [[Velirs|Velir dynasty]]<br />
* [[Aryacakravarti dynasty]]<br />
* [[Vanni chieftaincies|Vanni dynasty]]<br />
* [[Rajahnate of Cebu]]<br />
* [[Kongu Chera dynasty]]<br />
<br />
=== Other royal families ===<br />
* [[Ramnad estate|Rulers of Ramnad]]<br />
** [[Ramanatha Sethupathi]] (?–1979), last Raja of [[Ramnad estate]]<br />
** [[Rajeswari Nachiyar]], only daughter of last Raja Ramanatha Sethupathi, present titular ruler of [[Ramnad estate]]<br />
** [[Rajkumar Sethupathi]], actor, brother of last Raja Ramanatha Sethupathi and Latha, married leading actress in the 1980s [[Sripriya]]<br />
** [[Latha (actress)|Latha]], actress, sister of last Raja Ramanatha Sethupathi and actor Rajkumar Sethupathi<br />
* [[Thondaman dynasty|Rulers of Pudukkottai]]<br />
** [[Rajagopala Tondaiman|Rajagopala Thondaiman]] (1922–1997), last ruler of the princely state of Pudukkottai<br />
** [[R. Rajagopala Tondaiman|R. Rajagopala Thondaiman]] (1958–?), present head of the royal house of Pudukkottai, son of Radhakrishna Thondaiman, nephew of last ruler Rajagopala Thondaiman<br />
** [[Charubala Tondaiman|Charubala Thondaiman]] (1958–), wife of R. Rajagopala Thondaiman, member of the [[Indian National Congress|INC]], former mayor of Tiruchirappalli (2001–2009)<br />
<br />
==Multinational positions==<br />
* [[Radhika Coomaraswamy]] (1953–), Under-Secretary-General of the [[United Nations]], Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict<br />
* [[Roy Padayachie]] (1950–2012), Minister of Public Service and Administration of the Republic of South Africa; also served in the economics desk of the ANC in KwaZulu-Natal and as deputy head of local government portfolio; consultant to UNICEF, UNESCO and the World Bank<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/roy-padayachie|title=Roy Padayachie &#124; South African History Online|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}</ref><br />
* [[Sundar Pichai]], CEO of Google<br />
* [[Indra Nooyi]], Indian-American business executive and former chairman and [[chief executive officer]] (CEO) of [[PepsiCo]]<br />
* [[Raghuram Rajan]], former [[IMF]] Chief Economist<br />
<br />
== Independence movement ==<br />
=== Indian independence movement ===<br />
* [[Nagappan Padayatchi]] (1891 – 6 July 1909) <br />
* [[Maveeran Alagumuthu Kone]] (1710–1757)<br />
* [[Puli Thevar]] (1715–1767)<br />
* [[Maruthanayagam Pillai|Marudhanayagam pillai]] (1725–1764)<br />
* [[Rani Velu Nachiar]] (1730–1796)<br />
* [[Rettamalai Srinivasan]] (1860–1945)<br />
* [[Dheeran Chinnamalai]]<br />
* [[Subramanya Bharathi]] (1882–1921), poet and social reformer<br />
* [[V. Kalyanasundaram]] (1883–1953), scholar<br />
* [[Subramaniya Siva]] (1884–1925), writer<br />
* [[P. Dawood Shah|Dawood Shah]] (1885–1969), scholar<br />
* [[M. Muhammad Ismail|Muhammad Ismail Rowther]] (1896–1972)<br />
* [[Jeevanandham]] (1907–1963)<br />
* [[Champakaraman Pillai]] (1891–1934)<br />
* [[Tiruppur Kumaran]] (1904–1932)<br />
* [[K. Kamaraj]] (1903–1975)<br />
* [[Veeran Sundaralingam]] (1770–1799)<br />
* [[Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar]]<br />
* [[V. O. Chidambaram Pillai|V. O. Chidambaram pillai]] (1872-1936)<br />
<br />
=== Independence movements in other countries ===<br />
* [[Thillaiaadi Valliammai]] (1898–1914), [[South African people|South African]] militant<br />
* [[Captain Miller (Tamil militant)|Captain Miller]] (1966–1987), Tamil rebel and member of the [[Tamil Tigers]], a separatist Tamil militant organisation in Sri Lanka; known as the LTTE's first [[Black Tigers|Black Tiger]] (suicide bomber).<br />
* [[V. T. Sambanthan]] (1919–1979), one of the three founding fathers of [[Malaysia]]<br />
* [[Pon Sivakumaran]] (1950–1974), [[Eelam Tamil]] rebel and the first [[Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups|Tamil militant]] to commit suicide by swallowing [[cyanide]]<br />
* [[Ponnambalam Ramanathan]], leader in the [[Sri Lankan independence movement]]<br />
* [[Ponnambalam Arunachalam]], leader in the [[Sri Lankan independence movement]]<br />
* [[Cankili I]] also known as Cekaracacekaran VII, most remembered Jaffna kingdom king in the [[Eelam Tamil]] history. He was very active in resisting Portuguese colonial inroads into [[Eelam]]. <br />
* [[Cankili II]], known as the last King of the [[Jaffna Kingdom]]<br />
* [[Arumaipperumal]], [[Batticaloa]] chieftain in the 18th century who led a rebellion against the British colonial occupiers in 1803<br />
* [[Pandara Vanniyan]] (1775–1810), [[Sri Lankan Tamil|Tamil]] Chieftain who ruled in [[Vanni Nadu]] in 18th century AD. He is referred to by some as the last Tamil king in [[Sri Lanka]], who also rose to revolt against the [[British Ceylon|British Ceylon empire]] and [[Dutch Ceylon|Dutch Ceylon empire]], who died battling the British colonial rule on the island.<br />
* [[Periyapillai]], known to mount the major attack on the [[Portuguese Ceylon|Portuguese]] fort in the [[Mannar Island]] to regain territory lost during Cankili's rule<br />
* [[Migapulle Arachchi]] also known as Chinna Migapillai, feudal lord from the [[Jaffna Kingdom]] who became a rebel leader just after its annexation by the Portuguese Empire in 1619. His title Arachchi, is a title given to the commanders of [[Lascarins]] or native military forces.<br />
* [[Varunakulattan]], 17th-century feudal lord and military commander from the Jaffna Kingdom. He led a rebellion as the military commander of Thanjavur Nayak against the Portuguese in their conquest of the Jaffna kingdom in 1619. Although the nominal king was Cankili II, Varunakulattan was described as the king of Karaiyars, and wield the real power in the Jaffna Peninsula.<br />
* [[Puviraja Pandaram]]<br />
* [[Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran]]<br />
* [[Ethirimana Cinkam]]<br />
* [[S. A. Ganapathy]] (1912 or 1917 – 4 May 1949), was a veteran of the [[communist]] underground resistance during [[Japanese occupation of Malaya|Japanese occupation]] and postwar [[trade unionist]] in then [[British Malaya|Malaya]] ([[Peninsular Malaysia]]).<br />
<br />
==Contributions to Tamil people==<br />
* [[Marshal Nesamony]] (1895–1968), responsible for Kanyakumari district merger with Tamil Nadu<br />
* [[Varadarajan Mudaliar]] (1926–1988), known as Vardha Bhai; the Tamil movie ''[[Nayakan]]'' was based on his life story<br />
*[[Thamizhavel G. Sarangapani]], [[Singapore Tamils|Singaporean Tamil]] pioneer<br />
<br />
==Governor-Generals==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!rowspan=2|No.<br />
!rowspan=2|Name<br/>{{small|(Birth–Death)}}<br />
!rowspan=2|Country<br />
!colspan=3|Term of office<br />
|-<br />
!Assumed office<br />
!Left office<br />
!Time in office<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|'''[[C. Rajagopalachari]]'''<br/><small>(1878–1972)</small><br />
|{{flag|India}}<br />
|21 June 1948<br />
|26 January 1950<br />
|1 year, 219 days<br />
|-<br />
!2<br />
|'''[[Veerasamy Ringadoo]]'''<br/><small>(1920–2000)</small><br />
|{{flag|Mauritius}}<br />
|17 January 1986<br />
|12 March 1992<br />
|6 years, 55 days<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Presidents==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!rowspan=2|No.<br />
!rowspan=2|Name<br/>{{small|(Birth–Death)}}<br />
!rowspan=2|Country<br />
!colspan=3|Term of office<br />
|-<br />
!Assumed office<br />
!Left office<br />
!Time in office<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|'''[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]'''<br/><small>(1888–1975)</small><br />
|rowspan=2|{{flag|India}}<br />
|13 May 1962<br />
|13 May 1967<br />
|5 years<br />
|-<br />
!2<br />
|'''[[R. Venkataraman]]'''<br/><small>(1910–2009)</small><br />
|25 July 1987<br />
|25 July 1992<br />
|5 years<br />
|-<br />
!3<br />
|'''[[Veerasamy Ringadoo]]'''<br/><small>(1920–2000)</small><br />
|{{flag|Mauritius}}<br />
|12 March 1992<br />
|30 June 1992<br />
|110 days<br />
|-<br />
!4<br />
|'''[[S. R. Nathan]]'''<br/><small>(1924–2016)</small><br />
|{{flag|Singapore}}<br />
|1 September 1999<br />
|1 September 2011<br />
|12 years<br />
|-<br />
!5<br />
|'''[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]'''<br/><small>(1931–2015)</small><br />
|{{flag|India}}<br />
|25 July 2002<br />
|25 July 2007<br />
|5 years<br />
|-<br />
!6<br />
|'''[[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1957)</small><br />
|{{flag|Singapore}}<br />
|14 September 2023<br />
|''Incumbent''<br />
|{{age in years and days|2023|09|14}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Vice Presidents==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!rowspan=2|No.<br />
!rowspan=2|Name<br/>{{small|(Birth–Death)}}<br />
!rowspan=2|Country<br />
!colspan=3|Term of office<br />
|-<br />
!Assumed office<br />
!Left office<br />
!Time in office<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|'''[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]'''<br/><small>(1888–1975)</small><br />
|rowspan=2|{{flag|India}}<br />
|13 May 1952<br />
|12 May 1962<br />
|9 years, 364 days<br />
|-<br />
!2<br />
|'''[[R. Venkataraman]]'''<br/><small>(1910–2009)</small><br />
|31 August 1984<br />
|24 July 1987<br />
|2 years, 327 days<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|3<br />
|rowspan=2|'''[[Angidi Chettiar|Angidi Veeriah Chettiar]]'''<br/><small>(1928–2010)</small><br />
|rowspan=2|{{flag|Mauritius}}<br />
|1 July 1997<br />
|17 February 2002<br />
|rowspan=2|7 years, 252 days<br />
|-<br />
|25 August 2007<br />
|15 September 2010<br />
|-<br />
!4<br />
|'''[[Moses Nagamootoo]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1947)</small><br />
|{{flag|Guyana}}<br />
|20 May 2015<br />
|2 August 2020<br />
|5 years, 74 days<br />
|-<br />
!5<br />
|'''[[Barlen Vyapoory|Paramasivum Pillay Vyapoory]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1964)</small><br />
|{{flag|Mauritius}}<br />
|4 April 2016<br />
|25 November 2019<br />
|3 years, 235 days<br />
|-<br />
!6<br />
|'''[[Kamala Harris]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1964)</small><br />
|{{flag|USA}}<br />
|20 January 2021<br />
|20 January 2025<br />
|4 years<br />
|-<br />
!7<br />
|'''[[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1957)</small><br />
|{{flag|India}}<br />
|12 September 2025<br />
|''Incumbent''<br />
|{{age in years and days|2025|09|12}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Prime Ministers==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!rowspan=2|No.<br />
!rowspan=2|Name<br/>{{small|(Birth–Death)}}<br />
!rowspan=2|Country<br />
!colspan=3|Term of office<br />
|-<br />
!Assumed office<br />
!Left office<br />
!Time in office<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|'''[[Moses Nagamootoo]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1947)</small><br />
|{{flag|Guyana}}<br />
|20 May 2015<br />
|2 August 2020<br />
|5 years, 74 days<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Deputy Prime Ministers==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!rowspan=2|No.<br />
!rowspan=2|Name<br/>{{small|(Birth–Death)}}<br />
!rowspan=2|Country<br />
!colspan=3|Term of office<br />
|-<br />
!Assumed office<br />
!Left office<br />
!Time in office<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|'''[[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1957)</small><br />
|{{flag|Singapore}}<br />
|21 May 2011<br />
|30 April 2019<br />
|7 years, 344 days<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Chief Justices==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!rowspan=2|No.<br />
!rowspan=2|Name<br/>{{small|(Birth–Death)}}<br />
!rowspan=2|Country<br />
!colspan=3|Term of office<br />
|-<br />
!Assumed office<br />
!Left office<br />
!Time in office<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|'''[[M. Patanjali Sastri]]'''<br/><small>(1889–1963)</small><br />
|rowspan=2|{{flag|India}}<br />
|7 November 1951<br />
|3 January 1954<br />
|2 years, 57 days<br />
|-<br />
!2<br />
|'''[[P. Sathasivam]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1949)</small><br />
|19 July 2013<br />
|26 April 2014<br />
|281 days<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Governors of states==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!rowspan=2|No.<br />
!rowspan=2|Name<br/>{{small|(Birth–Death)}}<br />
!rowspan=2|State<br />
!colspan=3|Term of office<br />
|-<br />
!Assumed office<br />
!Left office<br />
!Time in office<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|'''[[C. Rajagopalachari]]'''<br/><small>(1878–1972)</small><br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br />
|15 August 1947<br />
|21 June 1948<br />
|311 days<br />
|-<br />
!2<br />
|'''[[P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja]]'''<br/><small>(1898–1957)</small><br />
|[[Odisha]]<br />
|10 February 1954<br />
|11 September 1956<br />
|2 years, 214 days<br />
|-<br />
!3<br />
|'''[[P. Subbarayan]]'''<br/><small>(1889–1962)</small><br />
|[[Maharashtra]]<br />
|17 April 1962<br />
|6 October 1962<br />
|172 days<br />
|-<br />
!4<br />
|'''[[Jothi Venkatachalam]]'''<br/><small>(1917–''Unknown'')</small><br />
|[[Keralam]]<br />
|14 October 1977<br />
|26 October 1982<br />
|5 years, 12 days<br />
|-<br />
!5<br />
|'''[[M. M. Ismail]]'''<br/><small>(1921–2005)</small><br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|27 October 1980<br />
|3 November 1980<br />
|7 days<br />
|-<br />
!6<br />
|'''[[P. Ramachandran]]'''<br/><small>(1921–2001)</small><br />
|[[Keralam]]<br />
|27 October 1982<br />
|23 February 1988<br />
|5 years, 119 days<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=4|7<br />
|rowspan=4|'''[[T. V. Rajeswar]]'''<br/><small>(1926–2018)</small><br />
|[[Sikkim]]<br />
|21 November 1985<br />
|1 March 1989<br />
|3 years, 100 days<br />
|-<br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br />
|2 March 1989<br />
|6 February 1990<br />
|341 days<br />
|-<br />
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
|8 July 2004<br />
|28 July 2009<br />
|5 years, 20 days<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rajasthan]]<br />
|1 November 2004<br />
|8 November 2004<br />
|7 days<br />
|-<br />
!8<br />
|'''[[C. Subramaniam]]'''<br/><small>(1910–2000)</small><br />
|[[Maharashtra]]<br />
|5 February 1990<br />
|9 January 1993<br />
|2 years, 339 days<br />
|-<br />
!9<br />
|'''[[Shanmughasundaram Mohan]]'''<br/><small>(1930–2019)</small><br />
|[[Karnataka]]<br />
|5 February 1990<br />
|8 May 1990<br />
|92 days<br />
|-<br />
!10<br />
|'''[[Viswanathan Ratnam]]'''<br/><small>(1932–2020)</small><br />
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
|10 July 1994<br />
|30 July 1994<br />
|20 days<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=4|11<br />
|rowspan=4|'''[[Gopala Ramanujam]]'''<br/><small>(1915–2001)</small><br />
|[[Goa]]<br />
|4 August 1994<br />
|15 June 1995<br />
|315 days<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Odisha]]<br />
|18 June 1995<br />
|30 January 1997<br />
|rowspan=2|2 years and 164 days<br />
|-<br />
|13 February 1997<br />
|13 December 1997<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
|22 August 1997<br />
|23 November 1997<br />
|93 days<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=6|12<br />
|rowspan=6|'''[[C. Rangarajan]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1932)</small><br />
|24 November 1997<br />
|3 January 2003<br />
|5 years, 40 days<br />
|-<br />
|[[Odisha]]<br />
|27 April 1998<br />
|14 November 1999<br />
|1 year, 201 days<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3|[[Keralam]]<br />
|29 February 2000<br />
|23 April 2000<br />
|rowspan=3|85 days<br />
|-<br />
|19 October 2000<br />
|7 November 2000<br />
|-<br />
|16 February 2002<br />
|28 February 2002<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|3 July 2001<br />
|17 January 2002<br />
|198 days<br />
|-<br />
!13<br />
|'''[[A. Padmanaban]]'''<br/><small>(1928–''Unknown'')</small><br />
|[[Mizoram]]<br />
|2 May 1998<br />
|30 November 2000<br />
|2 years, 212 days<br />
|-<br />
!14<br />
|'''[[M. M. Rajendran]]'''<br/><small>(1935–2023)</small><br />
|[[Odisha]]<br />
|15 November 1999<br />
|17 November 2004<br />
|5 years, 2 days<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=3|15<br />
|rowspan=3|'''[[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1945)</small><br />
|[[Chhattisgarh]]<br />
|25 January 2007<br />
|23 January 2010<br />
|2 years, 363 days<br />
|-<br />
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
|28 December 2009<br />
|23 July 2019<br />
|9 years, 207 days<br />
|-<br />
|[[Telangana]]<br />
|2 June 2014<br />
|7 September 2019<br />
|5 years, 97 days<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|16<br />
|rowspan=2|'''[[M. O. H. Farook]]'''<br/><small>(1937–2012)</small><br />
|[[Jharkhand]]<br />
|22 January 2010<br />
|3 September 2011<br />
|1 year, 224 days<br />
|-<br />
|[[Keralam]]<br />
|8 September 2011<br />
|26 January 2012<br />
|140 days<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|17<br />
|rowspan=2|'''[[M. K. Narayanan]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1934)</small><br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br />
|24 January 2010<br />
|30 June 2014<br />
|4 years, 157 days<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sikkim]]<br />
|7 April 2010<br />
|27 April 2010<br />
|20 days<br />
|-<br />
!18<br />
|'''[[Sasindran Muthuvel]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1974)</small><br />
|[[West New Britain]]<br />
|16 July 2012<br />
|''Incumbent''<br />
|{{age in years and days|2012|07|16}}<br />
|-<br />
!19<br />
|'''[[P. Sathasivam]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1949)</small><br />
|[[Keralam]]<br />
|5 September 2014<br />
|5 September 2019<br />
|5 years<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=3|20<br />
|rowspan=3|'''[[V. Shanmuganathan]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1949)</small><br />
|[[Meghalaya]]<br />
|20 May 2015<br />
|27 January 2017<br />
|1 year, 252 days<br />
|-<br />
|[[Manipur]]<br />
|30 September 2015<br />
|20 August 2016<br />
|325 days<br />
|-<br />
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
|14 September 2016<br />
|27 January 2017<br />
|135 days<br />
|-<br />
!21<br />
|'''[[Tamilisai Soundararajan]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1961)</small><br />
|[[Telangana]]<br />
|8 September 2019<br />
|19 March 2024<br />
|4 years, 193 days<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=3|22<br />
|rowspan=3|'''[[La. Ganesan]]'''<br/><small>(1945–2025)</small><br />
|[[Manipur]]<br />
|27 August 2021<br />
|21 February 2023 <br />
|1 year, 178 days<br />
|-<br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br />
|18 July 2022<br />
|22 November 2022<br />
|127 days<br />
|-<br />
|[[Nagaland]]<br />
|20 February 2023<br />
|15 August 2025<br />
|2 years, 176 days<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=3|23<br />
|rowspan=3|'''[[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1957)</small><br />
|[[Jharkhand]]<br />
|18 February 2023<br />
|30 July 2024<br />
|1 year, 153 days<br />
|-<br />
|[[Telangana]]<br />
|19 March 2024<br />
|31 July 2024<br />
|134 days<br />
|-<br />
|[[Maharashtra]]<br />
|31 July 2024<br />
|11 September 2025<br />
|1 year, 42 days<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Lieutenant governors of union territories==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!rowspan=2|No.<br />
!rowspan=2|Name<br/>{{small|(Birth–Death)}}<br />
!rowspan=2|Union territory<br />
!colspan=3|Term of office<br />
|-<br />
!Assumed office<br />
!Left office<br />
!Time in office<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|'''[[T. V. Rajeswar]]'''<br/><small>(1926–2018)</small><br />
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
|10 August 1983<br />
|21 November 1985<br />
|2 years, 103 days<br />
|-<br />
!2<br />
|'''[[Tamilisai Soundararajan]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1961)</small><br />
|rowspan=2|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br />
|16 February 2021<br />
|18 March 2024<br />
|3 years, 31 days<br />
|-<br />
!3<br />
|'''[[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1957)</small><br />
|22 March 2024<br />
|6 August 2024<br />
|137 days<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Chief Ministers==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!rowspan=2|No.<br />
!rowspan=2|Name<br/>{{small|(Birth–Death)}}<br />
!rowspan=2|State<br />
!colspan=3|Term of office<br />
|-<br />
!Assumed office<br />
!Left office<br />
!Time in office<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|'''[[A. Subbarayalu Reddiar]]'''<br/><small>(1855–1921)</small><br />
|rowspan=5|[[Madras Presidency]]<br />
|17 December 1920<br />
|11 July 1921<br />
|206 days<br />
|-<br />
!2<br />
|'''[[P. Subbarayan]]'''<br/><small>(1889–1962)</small><br />
|4 December 1926<br />
|27 October 1930<br />
|3 years, 327 days<br />
|-<br />
!3<br />
|'''[[B. Munuswamy Naidu]]'''<br/><small>(1885–1935)</small><br />
|27 October 1930<br />
|4 November 1932<br />
|2 years, 8 days<br />
|-<br />
!4<br />
|'''[[P. T. Rajan]]'''<br/><small>(1892–1974)</small><br />
|4 April 1936<br />
|24 August 1936<br />
|142 days<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|5<br />
|rowspan=2|'''[[C. Rajagopalachari]]'''<br/><small>(1878–1972)</small><br />
|14 July 1937<br />
|29 October 1939<br />
|2 years, 107 days<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|10 April 1952<br />
|13 April 1954<br />
|2 years, 3 days<br />
|-<br />
!6<br />
|'''[[O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar|Omanthur P. Ramaswamy Reddiar]]'''<br/><small>(1895–1970)</small><br />
|rowspan=2|[[Madras Presidency]]<br />
|23 March 1947<br />
|6 April 1949<br />
|2 years, 14 days<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|7<br />
|rowspan=2|'''[[P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja]]'''<br/><small>(1898–1957)</small><br />
|6 April 1949<br />
|25 January 1950<br />
|294 days<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|26 January 1950<br />
|9 April 1952<br />
|2 years, 74 days<br />
|-<br />
!8<br />
|'''[[K. Kamaraj]]'''<br/><small>(1903–1975)</small><br />
|13 April 1954<br />
|2 October 1963<br />
|9 years, 172 days<br />
|-<br />
!9<br />
|'''[[M. Bhakthavatsalam]]'''<br/><small>(1897–1987)</small><br />
|2 October 1963<br />
|5 March 1967<br />
|3 years, 154 days<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|10<br />
|rowspan=2|'''[[V. Venkatasubba Reddiar]]'''<br/><small>(1909–1982)</small><br />
|rowspan=2|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br />
|11 September 1964<br />
|8 April 1967<br />
|rowspan=2|3 years, 40 days<br />
|-<br />
|6 March 1968<br />
|18 September 1968<br />
|-<br />
!11<br />
|'''[[C. N. Annadurai]]'''<br/><small>(1909–1969)</small><br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|6 March 1967<br />
|3 February 1969<br />
|1 year, 334 days<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=3|12<br />
|rowspan=3|'''[[M. O. H. Farook]]'''<br/><small>(1937–2012)</small><br />
|rowspan=3|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br />
|9 April 1967<br />
|5 March 1968<br />
|rowspan=3|10 years, 248 days<br />
|-<br />
|17 March 1969<br />
|3 January 1974<br />
|-<br />
|17 March 1985<br />
|7 March 1990<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|13<br />
|rowspan=2|'''[[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]]'''<br/><small>(1920–2000)</small><br />
|rowspan=6|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|3 February 1969<br />
|10 February 1969<br />
|rowspan=2|21 days<br />
|-<br />
|24 December 1987<br />
|7 January 1988<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=4|14<br />
|rowspan=4|'''[[M. Karunanidhi]]'''<br/><small>(1924–2018)</small><br />
|10 February 1969<br />
|31 January 1976<br />
|rowspan=4|18 years, 360 days<br />
|-<br />
|27 January 1989<br />
|30 January 1991<br />
|-<br />
|13 May 1996<br />
|13 May 2001<br />
|-<br />
|13 May 2006<br />
|15 May 2011<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|15<br />
|rowspan=2|'''[[S. Ramassamy]]'''<br/><small>(1939–2017)</small><br />
|rowspan=2|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br />
|6 March 1974<br />
|28 March 1974<br />
|rowspan=2|1 year, 155 days<br />
|-<br />
|2 July 1977<br />
|12 November 1978<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|16<br />
|rowspan=2|'''[[M. G. Ramachandran]]'''<br/><small>(1917–1987)</small><br />
|rowspan=2|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|30 June 1977<br />
|17 February 1980<br />
|rowspan=2|10 years, 65 days<br />
|-<br />
|9 June 1980<br />
|24 December 1987<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|17<br />
|rowspan=2|'''[[M. D. R. Ramachandran]]'''<br/><small>(1934–2024)</small><br />
|rowspan=2|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br />
|16 January 1980<br />
|24 June 1983<br />
|rowspan=2|4 years, 155 days<br />
|-<br />
|8 March 1990<br />
|4 March 1991<br />
|-<br />
!18<br />
|'''[[V. N. Janaki Ramachandran]]'''<br/><small>(1923–1996)</small><br />
|rowspan=6|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|7 January 1988<br />
|30 January 1988<br />
|23 days<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=5|19<br />
|rowspan=5|'''[[J. Jayalalithaa]]'''<br/><small>(1948–2016)</small><br />
|24 June 1991<br />
|12 May 1996<br />
|rowspan=5|14 years, 124 days<br />
|-<br />
|14 May 2001<br />
|21 September 2001<br />
|-<br />
|2 March 2002<br />
|12 May 2006<br />
|-<br />
|16 May 2011<br />
|27 September 2014<br />
|-<br />
|23 May 2015<br />
|5 December 2016<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|20<br />
|rowspan=2|'''[[V. Vaithilingam]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1950)</small><br />
|rowspan=4|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br />
|4 July 1991<br />
|26 May 1996<br />
|rowspan=2|7 years, 215 days<br />
|-<br />
|4 September 2008<br />
|15 May 2011<br />
|-<br />
!21<br />
|'''[[R. V. Janakiraman]]'''<br/><small>(1941–2019)</small><br />
|27 May 1996<br />
|21 March 2000<br />
|3 years, 299 days<br />
|-<br />
!22<br />
|'''[[P. Shanmugam (Pondicherry politician)|P. Shanmugam]]'''<br/><small>(1927–2013)</small><br />
|22 March 2000<br />
|26 October 2001<br />
|1 year, 218 days<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=3|23<br />
|rowspan=3|'''[[O. Panneerselvam]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1951)</small><br />
|rowspan=3|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|21 September 2001<br />
|2 March 2002<br />
|rowspan=3|1 year, 106 days<br />
|-<br />
|28 September 2014<br />
|23 May 2015<br />
|-<br />
|6 December 2016<br />
|15 February 2017<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=3|24<br />
|rowspan=3|'''[[N. Rangasamy]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1950)</small><br />
|rowspan=3|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br />
|27 October 2001<br />
|3 September 2008<br />
|rowspan=3|{{age in years and days|2009|06|09}}<br />
|-<br />
|16 May 2011<br />
|5 June 2016<br />
|-<br />
|7 May 2021<br />
|''Incumbent''<br />
|-<br />
!25<br />
|'''[[Sivanesathurai Chandrakanthan]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1975)</small><br />
|[[Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|Eastern Province]]<br />
|16 May 2008<br />
|18 September 2012<br />
|4 years, 125 days<br />
|-<br />
!26<br />
|'''[[C. V. Wigneswaran]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1939)</small><br />
|[[Northern Province, Sri Lanka|Northern Province]]<br />
|7 October 2013<br />
|23 October 2018<br />
|5 years, 16 days<br />
|-<br />
!27<br />
|'''[[V. Narayanasamy]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1947)</small><br />
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br />
|6 June 2016<br />
|25 February 2021<br />
|4 years, 264 days<br />
|-<br />
!28<br />
|'''[[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1954)</small><br />
|rowspan=2|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|16 February 2017<br />
|6 May 2021<br />
|4 years, 79 days<br />
|-<br />
!29<br />
|'''[[M. K. Stalin]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1953)</small><br />
|7 May 2021<br />
|''Incumbent''<br />
|{{age in years and days|2021|05|07}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Deputy chief ministers==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!rowspan=2|No.<br />
!rowspan=2|Name<br/>{{small|(Birth–Death)}}<br />
!rowspan=2|State<br />
!colspan=3|Term of office<br />
|-<br />
!Assumed office<br />
!Left office<br />
!Time in office<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|'''[[M. K. Stalin]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1953)</small><br />
|rowspan=3|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|29 May 2009<br />
|15 May 2011<br />
|1 year, 351 days<br />
|-<br />
!2<br />
|'''[[O. Panneerselvam]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1951)</small><br />
|21 August 2017<br />
|6 May 2021<br />
|3 years, 258 days<br />
|-<br />
!3<br />
|'''[[Udhayanidhi Stalin]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1977)</small><br />
|28 September 2024<br />
|''Incumbent''<br />
|{{age in years and days|2024|09|28}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Deputy Speakers of the Lok Sabha==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!rowspan=2|No.<br />
!rowspan=2|Name<br/>{{small|(Birth–Death)}}<br />
!colspan=3|Term of office<br />
|-<br />
!Assumed office<br />
!Left office<br />
!Time in office<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|'''[[G. Lakshmanan]]'''<br/><small>(1924–2001)</small><br />
|1 December 1980<br />
|31 December 1984<br />
|4 years, 30 days<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|2<br />
|rowspan=2|'''[[M. Thambidurai]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1947)</small><br />
|22 January 1985<br />
|27 November 1989<br />
|rowspan=2|9 years, 229 days<br />
|-<br />
|13 August 2014<br />
|25 May 2019<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Union Ministers ==<br />
* [[R. K. Shanmukham Chetty]] (1892–1953), Minister of Finance (1947–1948)<br />
* [[N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar]] (1882–1953), Minister of Defence (1952–1953)<br />
* [[K. Santhanam]] (1895–1980), Minister of State for Transport and Railways (1948–1952)<br />
* [[C. Rajagopalachari]] (1878–1972), Minister of Home Affairs (1950–1951)<br />
* [[P. Subbarayan]] (1889–1962), Minister of Transport and Communications (1959–1962)<br />
* [[C. Subramaniam]] (1910–2000), Minister of Defence (1979–1980)<br />
* [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]] (1916–1973), Minister of Steel and Mines (1971–1973)<br />
* [[Sathiavani Muthu]] (1923–1999), Minister of Social Welfare (1979–1979)<br />
* [[Aravinda Bala Pajanor]] (1935–2013), Minister of Petroleum, Chemicals and Fertilizers (1979–1979)<br />
* [[P. Chidambaram]] (1945–), Minister of Finance (2012–2014)<br />
* [[Murasoli Maran]] (1934–2003), Minister of Commerce and Industry (1999–2002)<br />
* [[Subramanian Swamy]] (1939–), Minister of Commerce, Law and Justice (1990–1991)<br />
* [[M. Arunachalam (politician)|M. Arunachalam]] (1944–2004), Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers (1997–1998)<br />
* [[T. R. Baalu]] (1941–), Minister of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways (2004–2009)<br />
* [[Rangarajan Kumaramangalam|P. R. Kumaramangalam]] (1952–2000), Minister of Power (1998–2000)<br />
* [[Sedapatti R. Muthiah]] (1945–2022), Minister of Surface Transport (1998–1998)<br />
* [[M. Thambidurai]] (1947–), Minister of Law, Justice, Company Affairs and Surface Transport (1998–1999)<br />
* [[R. K. Kumar]] (1942–1999), Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs and Finance (1998–1998)<br />
* [[Kadambur R. Janarthanan|Kadambur M. R. Janarthanan]] (1929–2020), Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances, Pensions and Finance (1998–1999)<br />
* [[Vazhappady K. Ramamurthy|K. Ramamurthy]] (1940–2002), Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas (1998–1999)<br />
* [[Gingee N. Ramachandran]] (1944–), Minister of State for Textiles (2003–2003)<br />
* [[A. Raja]] (1963–), Minister of Communications and Information Technology (2009–2010)<br />
* [[Pon. Radhakrishnan]] (1952–), Minister of State for Finance (2017–2019)<br />
* [[Jana Krishnamurthi|K. Jana Krishnamurthy]] (1928–2007), Minister of Law and Justice (2002–2003)<br />
* [[A. K. Moorthy]] (1964–), Minister of State for Railways (2002–2004)<br />
* [[M. K. Alagiri]] (1951–), Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers (2009–2013)<br />
* [[G. K. Vasan]] (1964–), Minister of Shipping (2009–2014)<br />
* [[Anbumani Ramadoss]] (1968–), Minister of Health and Family Welfare (2004–2009)<br />
* [[Mani Shankar Aiyar]] (1941–), Minister of Panchayati Raj (2004–2009)<br />
* [[S. S. Palanimanickam]] (1950–), Minister of State for Finance (2004–2013)<br />
* [[K. Venkatapathy]] (1947–), Minister of State for Law and Justice (2004–2009)<br />
* [[Subbulakshmi Jagadeesan]] (1947–), Minister of State for Social Justice and Empowerment (2004–2009)<br />
* [[R. Velu]] (1940–), Minister of State for Railways (2004–2009)<br />
* [[S. Regupathy]] (1950–), Minister of State for Environment and Forests (2007–2009)<br />
* [[Dayanidhi Maran]] (1966–), Minister of Textiles (2009–2011)<br />
* [[V. Radhika Selvi]] (1976–), Minister of State for Home Affairs (2007–2009)<br />
* [[Napoleon (actor)|D. Nepoleon]] (1963–), Minister of State for Social Justice and Empowerment (2009–2013)<br />
* [[S. Jagathrakshakan]] (1950–), Minister of State for Commerce and Industry (2012–2013)<br />
* [[V. Narayanasamy]] (1947–), Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (2010–2014)<br />
* [[Nirmala Sitharaman]] (1959–), Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs (2019–Incumbent)<br />
* [[S. Jaishankar]] (1955–), Minister of External Affairs (2019–Incumbent)<br />
* [[L. Murugan]] (1977–), Minister of State for Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying (2021–2024); Minister of State for Information and Broadcasting (2021–Incumbent); Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (2024–Incumbent)<br />
<br />
== Political leaders outside of India ==<br />
* [[Moses Nagamootoo|Moses Veerasammy Nagamootoo]] (1947–), [[List of Prime Ministers of Guyana|Prime Minister, Guyana]]<br />
* [[Jeanne Dupleix]], (1706-1756), French political advisor<br />
* [[S. Jayakumar (Singaporean politician)|S. Jayakumar]] (1939–), former deputy prime minister, Singapore<br />
* [[Shiva Ayyadurai]], American conservative influencer, entrepreneur, and engineer<br />
* [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]] (1957–), President of Singapore, former deputy prime minister and Minister for Finance, Singapore<br />
* [[Vivian Balakrishnan]] (1961–), Minister for Foreign Affairs, Singapore<br />
* [[Indranee Rajah]] (1963–), Minister in the Prime Minister's Office, Second Minister for Finance and Second Minister for National Development, Singapore <br />
* [[K. Shanmugam]] (1959–), Minister for Law and Minister for Home Affairs, Singapore<br />
* [[S. Rajaratnam]] (1915–2006), former deputy prime minister, Singapore<br />
* [[S. Dhanabalan]] (1937–), former Minister (various portfolios), Singapore<br />
* [[S. Iswaran]] (1962–), Minister for Transport, Singapore <br />
* [[S. R. Nathan]] (1924–2016), former president of Singapore <br />
* [[J. B. Jeyaretnam]] (1926–2008), ex-opposition leader and MP, Singapore<br />
* [[Ramasamy Palanisamy]] (1949–), Deputy Chief Minister of Penang state, Malaysia<br />
* [[K. S. Rajah]], Senior Counsel and former Judicial Commissioner of the Supreme Court of Singapore<br />
* [[Nagalingam Shanmugathasan]] (1920–1993), founding General Secretary of the Ceylon Communist Party, Sri Lanka<br />
* [[Bala Tampoe]] (1922–2014), Tamil trade unionist, Sri Lanka<br />
* [[Pillayan]] alias [[Sivanesathurai Chandrakanthan]] (1975–), former chief minister of Eastern Province, Sri Lanka<br />
* [[P. P. Devaraj]] (1929–), former Cabinet Minister of Sri Lanka<br />
* [[Visvanathan Rudrakumaran]], Prime Minister of the Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam<br />
* [[Samy Vellu]] (1937–2022), former Works Minister and Leader of [[Malaysian Indian Congress]], Malaysia<br />
* [[K. R. Somasundram]] (1930–), politician and member of [[Malaysian Indian Congress]], Malaysia<br />
* [[Joshua Benjamin Jeyaretnam]] (1926–2008), founder of [[Reform Party (Singapore)|Reform Party of Singapore]]<br />
* [[Kenneth Jeyaretnam]] (1959–), Secretary-General of [[Reform Party (Singapore)|Reform Party of Singapore]]<br />
* [[Janil Puthucheary]] (1972–), [[Party Whip of the People's Action Party]], Singapore <br />
* [[Radhakrishna Padayachi]] (1950–2012), Deputy Minister for Communication, [[Republic of South Africa]]<br />
* [[Rathika Sitsabaiesan]] (1981–), Member of Parliament, Canada<br />
* [[Gunasagaran Gounder]], prominent politician and a member of [[Fiji Labour Party]], Fiji<br />
* [[Perumal Mupnar]], prominent politician and a member of [[Fiji Labour Party]], Fiji<br />
* [[S. J. V. Chelvanayakam]] (1898–1977), leader and father figure of [[Sri Lanka]]n [[Tamil people|Tamils]]<br />
* [[S. Thondaman|Savumiamoorthy Thondaman]] (1913–1999), leader of Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka and had served the Sri Lankan Cabinet<br />
* [[N. Shanmugathasan]] (1920–1993), prominent Communist politician, Sri Lanka<br />
* [[Joseph Pararajasingham]] (1934–2005), [[Parliament of Sri Lanka|Member of Parliament]], Sri Lanka<br />
* [[Lakshman Kadirgamar]] (1932–2005), former foreign minister, Sri Lanka<br />
* [[Veerasingham Anandasangaree]] (1933–), [[Parliament of Sri Lanka|Member of Parliament]], Sri Lanka<br />
* [[Murugesu Sivasithamparam]] (1923–2002), [[Parliament of Sri Lanka|Member of Parliament]], Sri Lanka<br />
* [[Rajavarothiam Sampanthan]] (1933–), [[Parliament of Sri Lanka|Member of Parliament]], Sri Lanka<br />
* [[Neelan Tiruchelvam|Dr. Neelan Tiruchelvam]] (1944–1999), [[Parliament of Sri Lanka|Member of Parliament]], Sri Lanka<br />
* [[Appapillai Amirthalingam]] (1927–1989), leader of the opposition, [[Parliament of Sri Lanka]]<br />
* [[Douglas Devananda]] (1957–), leader of EPDP and Minister of Rehabilitation, Sri Lanka<br />
* [[Thamizhavel G. Sarangapani]] (1903–1974), Tamil journalist, writer, publisher, social activist<br />
* [[Patrick Pillay]], Minister of External Affairs of the [[Seychelles]]<br />
* [[Jean-Paul Virapoullé]] (1944–), member of the Senate of France, representing the island of [[Réunion]]<br />
* [[Raja Krishnamoorthi]] (1973–), American congressman <br />
* [[E. E. C. Thuraisingham]] (1898–1979), first local Member in British-ruled [[British Malaya|Malaya]]<br />
* [[Maya Harris]], Vice President for Democracy, Rights and Justice at the [[Ford Foundation]] and executive director of the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] (ACLU) of Northern California.<br />
* [[Vanushi Walters]], New Zealand lawyer, politician and Member of Parliament in the House of Representatives for the [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]] representing the [[Upper Harbour (New Zealand)|Upper Harbour electorate]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethniccommunities.govt.nz/news/spotlight-on-vanushi-walters|title=Spotlight on: Vanushi Walters &#124; Office of Ethnic Communities|website=www.ethniccommunities.govt.nz}}</ref><br />
* [[Vivek Ramaswamy]], candidate in the USA 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries<br />
<br />
==Governors of the Reserve Bank of India==<br />
* [[S. Venkitaramanan]], 18th governor of the Reserve Bank of India<br />
* [[C. Rangarajan]], 19th governor of the Reserve Bank of India<br />
* [[Raghuram Rajan]], 23rd governor of the Reserve Bank of India<br />
<br />
== Political families ==<br />
<br />
===Tamil Nadu===<br />
====C. Rajagopalachari family====<br />
* [[C. Rajagopalachari]] (1878–1972), former governor-General of India<br />
** [[C. R. Narasimhan]] (1909–1989), former member of parliament (Lok Sabha); son of Rajagopalachari<br />
<br />
====C.P. Ramaswami Iyer family====<br />
* [[C. P. Ramaswami Iyer]] (1879–1966), former Dewan of Travancore<br />
** [[C. R. Pattabhiraman|C. P. R. Pattabhiraman]] (1906–2001), former Union Minister of Law and Company Affairs; son of Ramaswami Iyer<br />
<br />
====D. Jayakumar family====<br />
* [[D. Jayakumar]] (1960–), former speaker of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly<br />
** [[J. Jayavardhan]] (1987–), Former member of parliament (Lok Sabha); son of Jayakumar<br />
<br />
====E. V. K. Sampath family====<br />
* [[E. V. K. Sampath]] (1926–1977), former member of parliament (Lok Sabha)<br />
** [[E. V. K. S. Elangovan]] (1948–), Former Union Minister of State in the Ministry of Textiles; son of E. V. K. Sampath<br />
<br />
====G. K. Moopanar family====<br />
* [[G. K. Moopanar]] (1931–2001), former member of parliament (Rajya Sabha)<br />
** [[G. K. Vasan]] (1964–), Former Union Minister of Shipping; son of Moopanar<br />
<br />
====H. Kumari Ananthan family====<br />
* [[Kumari Ananthan|H. Kumari Ananthan]] (1933–), Former member of parliament (Lok Sabha)<br />
** [[Tamilisai Soundararajan]] (1961–), Governor of Telangana; daughter of Kumari Ananthan<br />
* [[H. Vasanthakumar]] (1950–2020), former member of parliament (Lok Sabha); brother of Kumari Ananthan<br />
** [[Vijay Vasanth]] (1983–), Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha); nephew of Kumari Ananthan<br />
<br />
====M. Bhakthavatsalam family====<br />
* [[M. Bhakthavatsalam]] (1897–1987), former chief minister of Tamil Nadu<br />
** [[Jayanthi Natarajan]] (1954–), Former Union Minister of Environment and Forests; granddaughter of Bhakthavatsalam<br />
<br />
====M. Karunanidhi family====<br />
* [[M. Karunanidhi]] (1924–2018), former chief minister of Tamil Nadu<br />
** [[M. K. Alagiri]] (1951–), Former Union Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers; son of Karunanidhi<br />
** [[M. K. Stalin]] (1953–), Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu; son of Karunanidhi<br />
** [[Kanimozhi Karunanidhi]] (1968–), Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha); daughter of Karunanidhi<br />
*** [[Dayanidhi Alagiri]] (unknown–), Indian cinema producer; grandson of Karunanidhi<br />
*** [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] (1977–), Member of Legislative Assembly (Tamil Nadu); grandson of Karunanidhi<br />
*** [[Arulnithi Tamilarasu]] (1987–), Indian actor; grandson of Karunanidhi<br />
** [[Murasoli Maran]] (1934–2003), Former Union Minister of Commerce and Industry; nephew of Karunanidhi<br />
*** [[Kalanithi Maran]] (1964–), Founder of the Sun Group; grand-nephew of Karunanidhi<br />
*** [[Dayanidhi Maran]] (1966–), Former Union Minister of Communications and Information Technology; grand-nephew of Karunanidhi<br />
<br />
====An O. Panneerselvam family====<br />
* [[O. Panneerselvam]] (1951–), former chief minister and Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu<br />
** [[P. Ravindhranath]] (1980–), Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha); son of Panneerselvam<br />
<br />
====P. Subbarayan family====<br />
* [[P. Subbarayan]] (1889–1962), former chief minister of Madras Presidency; former Union Minister of Transport and Communications<br />
** [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]] (1916–1973), Former Union Minister of Steel and Mines; son of Subbarayan<br />
** [[Parvathi Krishnan]] (1919–2014), member of the [[Communist Party of India]]; daughter of Subbarayan<br />
*** [[Rangarajan Kumaramangalam]] (1952–2000), Former member of parliament (Lok Sabha); grandson of Subbarayan<br />
**** Rangarajan Mohan Kumaramangalam (1978–), member of the [[Indian National Congress]]; great-grandson of Subbarayan<br />
*** [[Lalitha Kumaramangalam]] (1957–), member of the National Executive of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]; granddaughter of P. Subbarayan<br />
<br />
====P. T. Rajan family====<br />
* [[P. T. Rajan]] (1892–1974), former chief minister of Madras Presidency<br />
** [[P. T. R. Palanivel Rajan]] (1932–2006), former speaker of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly; son of P.T. Rajan<br />
*** [[Palanivel Thiagarajan|P. T. R. Palanivel Thiagarajan]], Finance Minister of Tamil Nadu; grandson of P.T. Rajan<br />
<br />
===Sri Lanka===<br />
<br />
====Arumugampillai Coomaraswamy family====<br />
* [[A. Coomaraswamy|Arumugampillai Coomaraswamy]] (1783–1836), Gate Mudaliyar, Member of Legislative Council<br />
** [[Muthu Coomaraswamy]] (1833–1879), Member of Legislative Council, son of Arumugampillai Coomaraswamy<br />
*** [[Ananda Coomaraswamy]] (1877–1947), grandson of Arumugampillai Coomaraswamy<br />
<br />
====Arunachalam Ponnambalam family====<br />
* [[A. Ponnambalam|Arunachalam Ponnambalam]] (1814–1887), son in law of [[A. Coomaraswamy|Arumugampillai Coomaraswamy]]<br />
** [[P. Coomaraswamy]] (1849–1906), first son of Arunachalam Ponnambalam<br />
** [[Ponnambalam Ramanathan|P. Ramanathan]] (1851–1930), second son of Arunachalam Ponnambalam<br />
*** [[Arunachalam Mahadeva]] (1885–1969), son of P. Ramanathan<br />
**** [[Baku Mahadeva]] (1921–2013), grandson of P. Ramanathan<br />
** [[Ponnambalam Arunachalam|P. Arunachalam]] (1853–1924), third son of Arunachalam Ponnambalam<br />
<br />
====S. Pararajasingam family====<br />
* [[S. Pararajasingam]], senator, son in law of [[Ponnambalam Arunachalam|P. Arunachalam]], married Pathmavathy (daughter of [[Ponnambalam Arunachalam|P. Arunachalam]])<br />
<br />
====V. P. Ganeshan family====<br />
* [[V. P. Ganeshan]], founder of the Democratic Workers' Congress, film producer and actor<br />
** [[Mano Ganesan]] (1959–), Member of Parliament, Provincial Councillor, son of V.P. Ganeshan<br />
** [[Praba Ganesan]] (1964–), Member of Parliament, Provincial Councillor, son of V.P. Ganeshan<br />
<br />
====Savumiamoorthy Thondaiman family====<br />
* [[Savumiamoorthy Thondaman|Savumiamoorthy Thondaiman]] (1913–1999), founder and leader of the [[Ceylon Workers' Congress]], government minister, Member of Parliament <br />
*** [[Arumugam Thondaman|Arumugam Thondaiman]] (1964–), leader of the [[Ceylon Workers' Congress]], Member of Parliament, grandson of Savumiamoorthy Thondaiman<br />
<br />
====G. G. Ponnambalam family====<br />
* [[G. G. Ponnambalam]] (1901–1977), founder and leader of the [[All Ceylon Tamil Congress]], government minister, Member of Parliament, Member of State Council<br />
** [[Kumar Ponnambalam]] (1940–2000), former leader of the [[All Ceylon Tamil Congress]], presidential candidate (1982), son of G.G. Ponnambalam<br />
*** [[Gajendrakumar Ponnambalam]] (1974–), present leader of the [[All Ceylon Tamil Congress]], son of Kumar Ponnambalam, grandson of G.G. Ponnambalam<br />
<br />
====Arumugam Canagaratnam family====<br />
* [[Arumugam Canagaratnam]] (1873–1929), Member of Legislative Council<br />
** [[Cathiravelu Sittampalam]] (1898–1964), government minister, Member of Parliament, son of A. Cathiravelu, nephew of A.Canagaratnam<br />
** [[Cathiravelu Ponnambalam]], first mayor of [[Jaffna]], son of A. Cathiravelu, nephew of A. Canagaratnam<br />
<br />
== Military leaders ==<br />
<br />
=== Army ===<br />
* General [[Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam]] (1913–2000), 7th [[Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army|Chief of Army Staff]] (1966–1969)<br />
* General [[Krishnaswamy Sundararajan]] (1930–1999), 14th [[Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army|Chief of Army Staff]] (1986–1988)<br />
* General [[Sundararajan Padmanabhan]] (1940–), 19th [[Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army|Chief of Army Staff]] (2000–2002)<br />
<br />
=== Navy ===<br />
* Admiral [[Oscar Stanley Dawson]] (1923–2011), 12th Chief of Naval Staff, India, 1982–1984<br />
* Admiral [[Sushil Kumar (admiral)|Sushil Kumar]] (1940–2019), 16th [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)]] (1988–2001)<br />
* Vice Admiral [[Nilkanta Krishnan]] (1919–1982), Commanding-in-Chief of the Eastern Naval Command, India, 1947–1976<br />
* Rear Admiral [[Rajan Kadiragamar]], 2nd Ceylonese [[Captain of the Royal Ceylon Navy]]<br />
* Admiral [[Travis Sinniah]], 21st Commander of the [[Sri Lankan Navy]]<br />
<br />
=== Air Force ===<br />
* Air Chief Marshal [[Srinivasapuram Krishna Swamy]] (1943–), 19th [[Chief of Air Staff (India)|Chief of Air Staff]] (2001–2004)<br />
<br />
===Independence Movement===<br />
<br />
* [[Velupillai Prabhakaran]], founder of [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]]<br />
* [[Vaithilingam Sornalingam]], also known as Colonel Shanker, was founder of the [[Air Tigers|air wing]] and [[Sea Tigers|marine division]] of the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]]<br />
* [[Ambalavanar Neminathan]] commonly known by the nom de guerre Raju) was a leading member of the [[Tamil Tigers]], Raju served as the head of the LTTE's Engineering Corps. He was special commander of the Leopard Commandos, an infantry unit, and chief technical officer in the Kittu Regiment, the LTTE's artillery unit which Raju helped create. <br />
* [[Pottu Amman (Tamil militant)|Pottu Amman]], was the second-in-command of [[Tamil Tigers]]. was a Head of Tiger Organization Security Intelligence Service and the [[Black Tigers]].<br />
* [[Lt. Colonel]] [[Thileepan]]<br />
<br />
== Award winners ==<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
=== Nobel Prize winners ===<br />
<br />
* [[C. V. Raman]], [[Nobel Prize in Physics]], 1930<br />
* [[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]], [[Nobel Prize in Physics]], 1983<br />
* [[Venkatraman Ramakrishnan]], [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]], 2009<br />
<br />
=== Fields Medal ===<br />
* [[Akshay Venkatesh]], [[Fields Medal]] in mathematics, 2018<br />
<br />
===Bharat Ratna===<br />
The [[Bharat Ratna]], Highest Civilian Award of the Republic of India<br />
*[[C. Rajagopalachari]], former governor-General of the Union of India; 1954<br />
*[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]], former president of the Republic of India; 1954<br />
*[[C. V. Raman]], Indian physicist; 1954<br />
*[[K. Kamaraj]], former chief minister of Tamil Nadu; 1976<br />
*[[M. G. Ramachandran]], former chief minister of Tamil Nadu; 1988<br />
*[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]], former president of the Republic of India; 1997<br />
*[[M. S. Subbulakshmi]], Indian singer; 1998<br />
*[[C. Subramaniam]], former minister of defence of the Republic of India; 1998<br />
*[[M. S. Swaminathan]], Father of the Green Revolution in the Republic of India; 2024<br />
<br />
=== Padma Vibhushan ===<br />
The [[Padma Vibhushan]] is India's second highest civilian honour.<br />
* [[Arcot Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar]], for Medicine, 1963<br />
* [[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]], for Science & Engineering, 1968<br />
* [[Kalyan Sundaram|K. V. Kalyana Sundaram]], for Public Affairs, 1968<br />
* [[Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar]], for Civil Service, 1970<br />
* [[T. Swaminathan]], for Civil Service, 1973<br />
* [[T. Balasaraswati]], for Arts, 1977<br />
* [[V. Arunachalam]], for Literature & Education, 1990<br />
* [[Raja Jesudoss Chelliah]], for Public Affairs, 2007<br />
* [[Balu Sankaran]], for Medicine, 2007<br />
* [[V. Krishnamurthy]], for Civil Service, 2007<br />
* [[Ilaiyaraaja]], for Music, 2018<br />
<br />
=== Padma Bhushan ===<br />
The [[Padma Bhushan]] is India's third highest civilian honour.<br />
<br />
* [[Sivaji Ganesan]], 1984<br />
* [[Kamal Haasan]], Arts<br />
* [[Ilaiyaraaja]], veteran musician and Tamil music director<br />
* [[A. R. Rahman]], Oscar-winning musician from [[Chennai]]; referred to as the Mozart of Madras<br />
* [[Arogyaswami Paulraj]], wireless technology pioneer<br />
* [[Shiv Nadar]], Indian industrialist and philanthropist<br />
* [[Jayakanthan]], author<br />
* [[Krishnammal Jaganathan]], Social Service<br />
=== Padma Shri ===<br />
The [[Padma Shri]] is India's fourth highest civilian honour.<br />
* [[Sivaji Ganesan]] (1966), Arts<br />
* [[K. Balachander]] (1987), Arts<br />
* [[Vairamuthu]] (2003), Literature and Education<br />
* [[B. Palaniappan]] (2006), Medicine<br />
* [[Sivanthi Adithan]] (2008), Literature and Education<br />
* [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] (2009), Arts<br />
* [[E. A. Siddiq]] (2011) Science<br />
* [[Mecca Rafeeque Ahmed]] (2011), businessman and entrepreneur<br />
<br />
=== Ramon Magsaysay Award ===<br />
The [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] was established in 1957 in memory of [[Ramon Magsaysay]], the late president of the [[Philippines]]. It is often considered to be Asia's Nobel Prize.<br />
* [[M. S. Swaminathan]], for Community Leadership, 1971<br />
* [[M. S. Subbulakshmi]], for classical carnatic genre, 1974<br />
* [[Jockin Arputham]], for Peace and International Understanding, 2000<br />
* [[Kulandei Francis]], 2012<br />
* [[T. M. Krishna]], 2016<br />
<br />
=== Dadasaheb Phalke Award ===<br />
The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is India's highest award in cinema, given annually by the Government of India for lifetime contribution to Indian cinema. It was instituted in 1969, the birth centenary year of Dadasaheb Phalke, considered as the father of Indian cinema.<br />
* [[Sivaji Ganesan]], 1996<br />
* [[K. Balachander]], 2011<br />
* [[Rajinikanth]], 2019<br />
<br />
=== Param Vir Chakra ===<br />
The [[Param Vir Chakra]] is India's highest military honor.<br />
<br />
* Major [[Ramaswamy Parmeshwaran]] (1946–1987), awarded in 1987 ([[posthumous recognition|posthumous]]) for [[IPKF]] operations in Sri Lanka<br />
<br />
===Sahitya Akademi Award===<br />
{{main|List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Tamil}}<br />
<br />
===Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award===<br />
The [[Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna]] Award is India's highest sporting honor.<br />
<br />
* [[Viswanathan Anand]], for Chess, 1991–92<br />
* [[Dhanraj Pillai]], for Men's field hockey, 1999–2000<br />
* [[Mariyappan Thangavelu]], for Paralympic high jump, 2020–2021<br />
<br />
=== Jnanpith Award ===<br />
The [[Jnanpith Award]] is India's highest literary honor<br />
<br />
* [[Akilan]], 1975<br />
* [[Jayakanthan]], 2002<br />
<br />
=== Sangeet Natak Akademi Award ===<br />
* [[Vyjayanthimala]], [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], 1982<br />
<br />
=== Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship ===<br />
* [[Karaikudi Sambasiva Iyer]]<br />
* [[Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar]]<br />
* [[Papanasam R. Sivan]]<br />
* [[V. Raghavan]]<br />
<br />
=== Guinness World Records ===<br />
* [[L. Athira Krishna]], Guinness World Record holder<br />
* [[Suresh Joachim]], [[Canadians|Canadian]] actor, [[film producer|producer]], and multiple-[[Guinness World Records|Guinness World Record]] holder<br />
* [[V. S. Kumar Anandan]], his many records include swimming the [[Palk Strait]], from Sri Lanka to India and back in 51 hours, in 1971<br />
* [[Kutraleeswaran]], swam across [[English Channel]] in 1994 when he was just 13 years old; the same year, he swam across six channels to break Mihir Sen's record of swimming across five channels in a calendar year<br />
* [[Rajasekharan Parameswaran]], Guinness World Records<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rajasekharan Parameswaran|first1=Rajasekharan Parameswaran|title=Guinness World Records|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-easel/|website=guinness world records|publisher=GWR}}</ref> holder. <br />
*[[Aari Arujunan]], actor and Guinness World Record holder<br />
<br />
===Arjuna Award===<br />
{{Main|List of Tamil recipients of the Arjuna Award}}<br />
The [[Arjuna award|Arjuna Award]] was instituted in 1961 by the [[Government of India]] to recognize outstanding achievement in national sports.<br />
* [[Kutraleeswaran]], youngest Arjuna Award winner<br />
<br />
=== Oscar awards ===<br />
* [[A. R. Rahman]], won the [[Academy Award for Best Original Score]] and [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]] in 2009<br />
* [[Cottalango Leon]], won the [[Academy Award for scientific and technical achievement]] "the design, engineering and continuous development"[a] of Sony Pictures Imageworks itView technology in 2016<br />
<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
==Social workers==<br />
* [[Iyothee Thass|Pandit Iyothee Thass]], Anti-caste activist, founding father of dravidian movement and first buddhist revivalist of India<br />
*[[M. B. Nirmal]], founder and chairman of [[Exnora International]]<br />
* [[Suresh Joachim]], founder and chairman of [[World Peace Marathon]] <br />
* [[Krishnammal Jagannathan]] <br />
* [[Naraina Pillai]]<br />
* [[Anjali Gopalan]], first Indian Tamil woman awarded with the [[Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur]], "Knight in the order of the legions of Honor", the highest award from France, 2013<br />
* [[Harish Iyer]], [[Mumbai]] based blogger<ref>{{cite news|last=Bose|first=Sushmita|title=Living in Times of Terror, Reaching out in Cyberspace|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-article-display-1.asp?section=opinion&xfile=data/opinion/2008/december/opinion_december48.xml|accessdate=December 17, 2012|newspaper=Khaleej Times|date=December 12, 2008}}</ref> and LGBT rights activist<ref>{{cite web|title=The Solid Seven: India's most influential Gays & Lesbians|url=http://pink-pages.co.in/features/cover-story/the-solid-seven-indias-most-influential-gays-lesbians/|publisher=Pink-Pages|accessdate=December 17, 2012}}</ref><br />
* [[Chinna Pillai]], started Kalanjiam, a microcredit movement in villages<br />
* [[Traffic Ramasamy]], self-appointed traffic policeman, public interest litigator and social activist from Chennai<br />
* [[Kumi Naidoo]], Secretary General of [[Amnesty international]]<br />
*[[Rettamalai Srinivasan]], Dalit activist<br />
*[[Pattukkottai Alagiri]], Social activist<br />
<br />
== Criminals ==<br />
* [[Bentong Kali]] (1961–1993), was a Malaysian-Tamil criminal and [[mobster]] who gained a national attention in the 1990s. He was implicated in over 17 different murders, and terrorized the capital Kuala Lumpur through violence, extortion and heroin smuggling. He also made headlines when he challenged the police to arrest him. He was finally gunned down by Royal Malaysia Police's Special Actions Unit from Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur.<br />
* [[Douglas Devananda]] (1957-) is a [[paramilitary]] leader, politician and a proclaimed offender in India and is wanted on charges of murder, attempt to murder, child prostitution, rioting, unlawful assembly and kidnapping. [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (Tamil Tigers), tried unsuccessfully to assassinate him over 10 times.<br />
* [[Varadarajan Mudaliar]] (1926–1988), also known as Vardhabhai and Vardha, was an Indian-Tamil [[crime boss]]. He was one of the infamous trio of mafia gang leaders of Mumbai the other being [[Karim Lala]] and [[Haji Mastan]]. His origin is North Arcot district of Tamil Nadu, from where his father migrated to Tuticorin to work in shipping business. He was born in Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu. From early 1960s to the 1980s; he was one of the most powerful mob bosses in Bombay, along with Haji Mastan and Karim Lala.<br />
<br />
* [[Haji Mastan]] (1926-1994), was an organised crime gang leader, originally from [[Tamil Nadu]] and based in [[Bombay]]. He was one of an infamous trio of mafia gang leaders in Bombay for over two decades from the 1960s to the early 1980s, along with [[Karim Lala]] leader of the [[Pathan]] gang, and [[Varadarajan Mudaliar]], another famous gang leader from Tamil Nadu in [[South India]]. <br />
<br />
* [[Auto Shankar]] (1954–1995), was a serial killer and a gangster from the state of Tamil Nadu active in Chennai throughout the 1970s and 1980s.<br />
<br />
== Business and administration ==<br />
<br />
=== Tamil billionaires ===<br />
* [[Ananda Krishnan]], Chairman of Usaha Tegas Snd Bhd<br />
* [[Kalanithi Maran]], founder and chairman of Sun Group<br />
* [[Shiv Nadar]], founder and chairman emeritus of HCL Technologies<br />
* [[Ram Shriram]], founding board member of Google<br />
* [[A. Vellayan]], vice-chairman of the Murugappa Group<br />
* [[Maha Sinnathamby]], businessman and property developer<br />
* [[G. Gnanalingam]], chairman of Westports Malaysia<br />
* [[R. G. Chandramogan]], entrepreneur<br />
* [[Sundar Pichai]], CEO of Alphabet Inc<br />
* [[B. S. Abdur Rahman]], entrepreneur and philanthropist<br />
* [[T. S. Kalyanaraman]], chairman and managing director of Kalyan Jewellers<br />
* [[Subaskaran Allirajah]], chairman of LycaMobile<br />
* [[Sridhar Vembu]], CEO of Zoho Corporation<br />
<br />
===Tamil executives and business people===<br />
{{Main|Tamil executives and businesspeople}}<br />
<br />
* [[Palani G. Periasamy]], Chairman of PGP Group of companies<br />
* [[Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi]], former chairman and CEO of PepsiCo<br />
* [[Sundar Pichai]], CEO of Google, Inc.<br />
* [[Neal Mohan]], CEO of YouTube<br />
* [[Vasant Narasimhan]], CEO of Novartis <br />
* [[Revathi Advaithi]], CEO of Flex<br />
* [[Ronald Arculli]], Chairman of [[Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing]] and Non-official Members Convenor of the [[Executive Council of Hong Kong]] (Exco)<br />
* [[Prabhakar Raghavan]], Senior vice President of Google Inc.<br />
* [[Kalanidhi Maran]], founder and head of [[Sun TV Network]]; ex-owner of [[SpiceJet]] Airline and owner of [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] team<br />
* [[Natarajan Chandrasekaran]], Chairman of Tata & Sons<br />
* [[Subramaniam Ramadorai]], adviser, Prime Minister of India<br />
* [[N. Ravichandran]], founder and chairman of TVH Group<br />
* [[Suresh Joachim]], CEO WBBAS, No Poverty No Disease No War, World Peace Marathon and Suresh Joachim International Group Of Companies.<br />
* [[R. Thyagarajan (industrialist)|Ramamurthy Thyagarajan]]<br />
<br />
== Educators ==<br />
* [[L. S. Kandasamy]], teacher at [[Tamil Nadu Agricultural University]]<br />
*[[Jeppiaar]], founder, [[Sathyabama University]]<br />
*[[V. L. Ethiraj]], founder, [[Ethiraj College for Women]]<br />
*[[Rajalakshmi Parthasarathy]], founder, [[Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan]]<br />
*[[B. S. Abdur Rahman]], founder, [[B. S. Abdur Rahman University]]<br />
*[[Munirathna Anandakrishnan]], former chairman, [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur]] and former vice-chancellor, [[Anna University]]<br />
*[[Bala V. Balachandran]], founder, dean and chairman, [[Great Lakes Institute of Management]]<br />
*[[V. M. Muralidharan]], chairman, [[Ethiraj College for Women]]<br />
*[[Subra Suresh]], president of [[Carnegie Mellon University]], former dean of the School of Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, former director of the [[National Science Foundation]]<ref>{{cite web|title = Leadership at Carnegie Mellon University|url = http://www.cmu.edu/leadership/president-suresh/bio/|website = www.cmu.edu|accessdate = 2015-12-04}}</ref><br />
*[[Ramayya Krishnan]], dean of Heinz College and H. John Heinz III, W. W. Cooper and Ruth F. Cooper Professor of Management Science and Information Systems at Carnegie Mellon University<br />
<br />
==Philanthropists==<br />
* [[Annamalai Chettiar]]<br />
* [[Pachaiyappa Mudaliar]]<br />
* [[Chengalvaraya Naicker]]<br />
* [[Kandasamy Kandar]]<br />
* [[Kajamian Rowther]]<br />
*[[Alagappa Chettiar]]<br />
* [[T. M. Jambulingam Mudaliar]]<br />
* [[Jamal Mohamed College|Jamal Mohamed Rowther]]<br />
<br />
==Diplomats==<br />
* [[Lakshman Kadirgamar]], former Sri Lankan foreign minister and diplomat<br />
* [[Gopalapuram Parthasarathy]], diplomat and author in India<br />
* [[Yogendra Duraiswamy]], Sri Lankan diplomat<br />
* [[Tamara Kunanayakam]]<br />
* [[Arunachalam Mahadeva]]<br />
* [[Anton Muttukumaru]]<br />
* [[Manicasothy Saravanamuttu]]<br />
* [[H. W. Thambiah]]<br />
* [[Krishnan Srinivasan]]<br />
* [[K. Raghunath]]<br />
* [[Beno Zephine N L]]<br />
<br />
==Journalists and broadcasters==<br />
* [[J. S. Tissainayagam]], journalist, first winner of the Peter Mackler Award for Courageous and Ethical Journalism<br />
* [[George Alagiah]], [[BBC]] reporter and journalist<br />
* [[James Coomarasamy]], BBC reporter and journalist<br />
* [[Ranga Yogeshwar]], Luxembourgish physicist and science journalist <br />
* [[Marc Fennell]], Irish-Australian journalist, media personality, and author <br />
* [[Darshini David]], BBC reporter and journalist<br />
* [[Tim Kash]], MTV and BBC reporter and journalist<br />
* [[Taraki Sivaram]], [[political analyst]] and a senior editor for Tamilnet.com<br />
* [[E. Saravanapavan]], managing director of the ''[[Uthayan]]'' and ''[[Sudar Oli]]'' Tamil newspapers<br />
* [[N. Ram]], editor-in-chief of ''[[The Hindu]]'' newspaper owned by Kasturi and Sons<br />
* [[Cho Ramaswamy]], editor of the Tamil political journal ''Tughlaq''<br />
* [[Thenkachi Ko. Swaminathan]], deputy director of [[Akashvani (radio broadcaster)|All India Radio]], 'Indru oru thagaval Fame'<br />
* [[Hari Sreenivasan]], [[Public Broadcasting Service]]<br />
* [[Thangavelu Rajasegar]], Chief Executive Officer of [[Tamil Murasu, Straits Times Group, Singapore]]<br />
<br />
== Scientists ==<br />
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}<br />
* [[Mylswamy Annadurai]], scientist with the Indian Space Research Organization; Director of ISRO Satellite Centre<br />
* [[Shiva Ayyadurai]], as a high school student in 1979, he developed an electronic version of an interoffice mail system, which he called "EMAIL" and copyrighted in 1982<br />
*[[Kailasavadivoo Sivan]], who served as chairperson of Indian Space Research Organization.<br />
<br />
=== Social anthropologists ===<br />
* [[Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah]]<br />
<br />
=== Academicians ===<br />
* [[Arumugam Vijiaratnam]], became the first Pro-Chancellor of [[Nanyang Technological University]] in 1992 and served until 2005<br />
* [[Bala V. Balachandran]], founder and dean of Great Lakes Institute of Management, Chennai, India; professor at Northwestern University<br />
* [[V. L. Ethiraj]], founder of Ethiraj College for Women<br />
* [[Malcolm Adiseshiah]] (1910–1994), economist; former Deputy Director General of [[UNESCO]]; founder of MIDS ([[Madras Institute of Development Studies]])<br />
* [[V. C. Kulandaiswamy]], educator and [[Engineering technologist|technologist]]; formerly [[Vice Chancellor]] of [[Anna University]], [[IGNOU]] and [[Tamil Virtual University]]<br />
* [[M. Varadarasan]], winner of sahitya Academy Award; Ex-[[Vice Chancellor]] of [[Madurai Kamaraj University]]<br />
* [[Philip Jeyaretnam|Prof Philip Jeyaretnam]], professor of law; member of Public Service Commission<br />
* [[Shan Ratnam|Prof Sittampalam Shanmugaratnam]], former Head of the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology at the National University of Singapore<br />
* [[Arjun Appadurai]], contemporary [[social theorist]]; educator; founder of the [[School of International Relations]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|JNU]], New Delhi<br />
* [[H. S. S. Lawrence|Dr. H.S.S. Lawrence]], educator; formerly Director of School Education, Tamil Nadu; [[UNESCO]] Expert to the Government of [[Afghanistan]]<br />
* [[C. K. Prahalad]], Professor of Corporate Strategy at the [[Ross School of Business]] of the University of Michigan<br />
* [[Prof B.P. Sanjay]], vice-chancellor of First Central University in Tamil Nadu at Tiruvaroor<br />
* [[M. S. Ananth]], director of Indian Institute of Technology, Madras<br />
* [[Xavier Thaninayagam]], known for setting up the International Association for Tamil Research (IATR) and organising the first [[World Tamil Conference]]<br />
* [[Christie Jayaratnam Eliezer]], appointed a member of the [[Order of Australia]]<br />
* [[Sanjay Subrahmanyam]], awarded the [[Infosys Prize]] in the field of [[humanities]] (history) in 2012<br />
* [[Indira Samarasekera]], 12th and current president and vice-chancellor of the [[University of Alberta]]<br />
* [[Vilayanur S. Ramachandran]], neuroscientist known primarily for his work in the fields of behavioral neurology and visual psychophysics<br />
<br />
=== Agriculture ===<br />
* [[G. Nammalvar]], Indian organic farming scientist<br />
* [[E. A. Siddiq]], agricultural scientist<br />
* [[M. S. Swaminathan]], agricultural scientist and [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]]ee<br />
<br />
=== Botanists ===<br />
* [[Ganapathi Thanikaimoni]] (1938–1986)<br />
* [[M. O. P. Iyengar]] <br />
* [[C. Livingstone|Dr. C. Livingstone]]<br />
<br />
=== Computer science ===<br />
* [[Ramanathan V. Guha]], known for his work on [[Cyc]], [[Schema.org]], [[Meta Content Framework]], [[Resource Description Framework]]; developed the first version of [[RSS]] <br />
* [[Madhu Sudan]] (1966–), professor at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]; member of [[MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory]]<br />
* [[Hari Balakrishnan]], professor at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]; member of [[MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory]]<br />
* [[Arogyaswami Paulraj]] (1944–), Professor of [[Electrical Engineering]] at [[Stanford University]]; a pioneer of wireless smart antenna technology<br />
* [[Shiva Ayyadurai]]<br />
* [[Ravindran Kannan]], a principal researcher at ''Microsoft Research India''<br />
* [[T. V. Raman]]<br />
* [[Sundar Pichai]], CEO of Google<br />
<br />
=== Finance and economics ===<br />
* [[Marti Subrahmanyam]], professor at [[New York University]] (NYU); on board of directors of [[Infosys]] and [[ICICI]]<br />
* [[Bala V. Balachandran]], professor at the [[Kellogg School of Management]]<br />
* [[Ravi Jagannathan]], economist and professor at the [[Kellogg School of Management]]<br />
* [[H. V. R. Iyengar]], ex-Governor of the [[Reserve Bank of India]] (1957–1962)<br />
* [[S. Jagannathan]], ex-Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (1970–1975); executive at the [[World Bank]] and [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF)<br />
* [[M. Narasimham]], banker; ex-Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (1977); executive at the World Bank and IMF<br />
* [[S. Venkitaramanan]], ex-Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (1990–1992)<br />
* [[K. Ramachandran]], Director and CFO of ''Barclays Wealth'', India (2008–)<br />
* [[T. N. Srinivasan]] (1933–), economist; Samuel C. Park Jr. Professor of Economics at [[Yale University]]<br />
* [[Raghuram Rajan]], Professor at [[University of Chicago Booth School of Business]], ex- Governor of Reserve Bank of India (2013–2016), Chief Economist, [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF), (2003–2007)<br />
* [[Sendhil Mullainathan]], co-founder of Ideas-42<br />
* [[Jomo Kwame Sundaram]]<br />
* [[Ramon Navaratnam]]<br />
* [[Raj Chetty]], listed in 2008 by ''[[The Economist]]'' as one of the top eight young economists in the world<br />
* [[Swaminathan Gurumurthy]], Indian economist<br />
* [[Arvind Subramanian]], Indian Economist, [[Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India]] (2014–2018)<br />
* [[Krishnamurthy Subramanian]], Indian Economist, Associate Professor in [[Indian School of Business]] and current [[Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India]] (2018-)<br />
<br />
=== Law ===<br />
* [[K. Sripavan]], [[Chief Justice of Sri Lanka]]; former Deputy [[Solicitor General of Sri Lanka|Solicitor General]]; judge and president of the Court of Appeal; [[Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka]]<br />
* [[Rajesh Sreenivasan]]<br />
* [[Karthy Govender]], [[Commissioner]] of the [[South African Human Rights Commission]]; law professor at the [[University of Natal]]<br />
* [[K. S. Rajah]], former Supreme Court Judge – Singapore<br />
* [[Navanethem Pillay]], United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights; South African of Indian origin and Tamil descent; first non-white woman on the High Court of South Africa; has served as a judge of the International Criminal Court and President of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda<br />
* [[M. Patanjali Sastri]], Second Chief Justice of India <br />
* [[V. Bhashyam Aiyangar]], [[lawyer]] and [[jurist]]<br />
* [[A. Vaidyanatha Iyer]](1890–1955), Tamil Indian activist; participated in the Indian independence movement and organized the temple entry movement in the Meenakshi Temple in Madurai; President of the Tamil Nadu Harijan Seva Sangh<br />
* [[Mythili Raman]], [[Tamil American]] lawyer; current acting [[United States Assistant Attorney General|Assistant Attorney General]] for the Criminal Division<br />
* [[Sri Srinivasan]], [[United States circuit judge]] of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit]]<br />
* [[Muthucumaraswamy Sornarajah]], C. J. Koh Professor of Law at the [[National University of Singapore]]<br />
* [[Malliha Wilson]], Former Assistant Deputy Attorney General of the [[Government of Ontario]]<br />
<br />
=== Mathematics ===<br />
* [[Srinivasa Ramanujan]] (1887–1920), known for his contributions to [[mathematical analysis]], [[number theory]], [[infinite series]] and [[continued fraction]]s<br />
* Swami [[Bharati Krishna Tirtha]], known for his book ''[[Vedic Mathematics (book)|Vedic Mathematics]]''<br />
* [[Ramachandran Balasubramanian]], Indian number theorist; Director of the Institute of Mathematical Sciences in Chennai, India<br />
* [[Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai]] (1901–1950), known for his work in [[number theory]]<br />
* [[Kollagunta Gopalaiyer Ramanathan]] (1920–1992), known work in number theory<br />
* [[Christie Jayaratnam Eliezer]] (1918–2001), mathematician and [[Tamils|Tamil]] rights activist from [[Sri Lanka]]; recipient of the [[Order of Australia]]<br />
* [[C. S. Seshadri]], Director of the [[Chennai Mathematical Institute]]; [[Trieste]] awardee<br />
* [[S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan]], mathematician and fellow of the Royal Society, [[Abel Prize]] winner. Pioneer of LargeDeviations Theory.<br />
* [[C. P. Ramanujam]] (1938–1974), worked on number theory and [[algebraic geometry]]<br />
* [[Tirukkannapuram Vijayaraghavan|T. S. Vijayaraghavan]] (1902–1955), worked on [[Pisot–Vijayaraghavan number]]<br />
* [[Ravindran Kannan]], Professor of Computer Science and Mathematics at [[Yale University]]; joint winner of the 1991 [[Fulkerson Prize]] in [[discrete mathematics]] for work on the volumes of [[convex set|convex]] bodies<br />
* [[Kannan Soundararajan]]<br />
* [[Ramaiyengar Sridharan]]<br />
* [[Srinivasacharya Raghavan]]<br />
* [[Madabusi Santanam Raghunathan]]<br />
* [[A. A. Krishnaswami Ayyangar]], exponent of Vedic mathematics<br />
* [[Mudumbai Seshachalu Narasimhan]], mathematician and fellow of the Royal Society (1996)<br />
* [[K. R. Parthasarathy (probabilist)|K. R. Parthasarathy]], professor emeritus at the Indian Statistical Institute of New Delhi<br />
* [[Ramaiyengar Sridharan]], mathematician at [[Chennai Mathematical Institute]]; awarded the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]] in Mathematical Science<br />
* [[Raman Parimala]], known for her contributions to [[algebra]]<br />
* [[S. Ramanan]], works in algebraic geometry<br />
* [[Kavita Ramanan]], daughter of S. Ramanan. Mathematician at Brown University<br />
<br />
=== Medicine ===<br />
* [[Balamurali Ambati]], world's youngest doctor at age 17<ref>{{cite web|url=https://money.howstuffworks.com/9-youngest-in-their-fields.htm|title=9 Youngest in Their Fields|date=September 18, 2007|website=HowStuffWorks}}</ref><br />
* [[Rangaswamy Srinivasan]], ultraviolet excimer laser / LASIK inventor at IBM Research<br />
* [[V. S. Ramachandran]], neuroscientist; Director Professor at UC San Diego<br />
* [[Shan Ratnam|S. S. Ratnam]], pioneer in Singapore in-vitro fertilisation; Sri Lankan Tamil ancestry<br />
* [[Ganapathi Thanikaimoni]], [[palynologist]] at French Institute of Pondicherry; awarded the Fyson Prize in Natural Science<br />
* [[Govindappa Venkataswamy]], founder of [[Aravind Eye Hospital]]<br />
* [[Ravi Iyengar]], professor and founder of the ''Iyengar Laboratory'', [[Mount Sinai School of Medicine]]<br />
* [[Gunamudian David Boaz]], Indian [[tamil people|Tamil]] [[psychologist]]<br />
* [[Paul Kalanithi]], [[Neurosurgeon]]<br />
* [[Manoj Durairaj]], [[Cardiac surgeon]], [[philanthropist]] and winner of [[Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice]]<br />
* [[Soumya Swaminathan (scientist)|Soumya Swaminathan]], Chief Scientist of [[WHO]]<br />
* [[Celine Gounder]], is an American Tamil infectious disease [[physician]], internist, [[epidemiologist]], filmmaker, and medical journalist who specializes in infectious disease and global health<ref>{{cite web|last=Tomlinson |first=Brett |url=https://paw.princeton.edu/podcast/qa-dr-celine-gounder-97-opioid-epidemic-ebola-and-more |title=Q&A: Dr. Celine Gounder '97 on the Opioid Epidemic, Ebola, and More &#124; Princeton Alumni Weekly |publisher=Paw.princeton.edu |date=2018-06-04 |accessdate=2021-01-24}}</ref><br />
* [[Raghavan Varadarajan]], Molecular Biologist At Indian Institute Of Science, Bangalore<br />
* [[V. Shanta]], Cancer Specialist Head Of Adyar Cancer Institute<br />
<br />
=== Engineering (scientists) ===<br />
* [[Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman]], 1930 Nobel Prize winner in [[physics]]<br />
* [[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]], 1983 Nobel Prize Winner in physics<br />
* Dr. [[Krishnaswami Kasturirangan|K. Kasturirangan]], former chairman of [[ISRO]]; director of the National Institute of Advanced studies (NIAS)<br />
* [[Raja Ramanna]], former chairman of Department of Atomic Energy; presided over India's first nuclear test in 1974<br />
* Dr. [[P. K. Iyengar]], former chairman of Department of Atomic Energy<br />
* [[M. R. Srinivasan]], former chairman of the Department of Atomic Energy<br />
* [[Rajagopala Chidambaram|R. Chidambaram]], scientific adviser to the [[Prime Minister of India|prime minister of India]] and ex-chairman of Atomic Energy Commission<br />
* [[S. R. Ranganathan]], devised the five laws of [[library science]]<br />
* [[A. Sivathanu Pillai]], defence scientist; CEO of the [[Indo-Russian Brahmos company]]<br />
* [[Gopalasamudram Narayana Iyer Ramachandran|G. N. Ramachandran]] (1922–2001), made major contributions to [[biology]] and physics<br />
* [[Ramanujam Varatharaja Perumal|R. V. Perumal]], former director of the [[Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre]]<br />
* [[Ramanuja Vijayaraghavan]] (1931–), [[physicist]] at the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]<br />
* [[Udaya Kumar (designer)|Udaya Kumar]], designer of the [[Indian rupee sign]]<br />
* [[Vallampadugai Srinivasa Raghavan Arunachalam]]<br />
* [[Poondi Kumaraswamy]], only person to have received both the ''Homi Bhabha Fellowship'' 1967–69 and the [[Jawaharlal Nehru Fellowship]] 1975–77, two of the country's top research awards; [[hydrologist]]<br />
* [[P. S. Krishnaprasad]], professor of electrical engineering at the University of Maryland<br />
* S. Somasegar, recipient of the Asian American Engineer of the Year Award<br />
* [[S. Vanajah]], the only woman among four finalists who outlasted 11,000 other [[Malaysians]] who applied for the [[astronaut]] selection process in 2003<br />
* [[Ramamurti Shankar]], John Randolph Huffman Professor of Physics at [[Yale University]]<br />
* [[B. C. Shekhar]], modernised Malaysia's natural rubber industry<br />
* [[Raman Sundrum]], developed a class of models called the [[Randall–Sundrum]] models<br />
* [[Siva Sivananthan]], awarded the "Champion of Change" (Immigrant Entrepreneurs and Innovators category) by the [[White House]]<br />
<br />
=== Zoologists ===<br />
* [[Mahadeva Subramania Mani]], [[entomologist]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
== Music ==<br />
<br />
=== Tamil music ===<br />
* [[Muthu Thandavar]], one of the [[Tamil Trinity]]<br />
* [[Marimutthu Pillai]], one of the Tamil Trinity<br />
* [[Arunachala Kavi]], one of the Tamil Trinity<br />
* [[Kunangudi Masthan Sahib|Kunangudi Mastan sahib]]<br />
* [[Kollangudi Karuppayee]]<br />
* [[Nagore E. M. Hanifa]]<br />
<br />
=== Carnatic music ===<br />
* [[Papanasam Sivan]]<br />
* [[Sikkil Gurucharan]]<br />
* [[Lalgudi Jayaraman]]<br />
* [[Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan]]<br />
* [[Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar]]<br />
* [[T. M. Krishna]]<br />
* [[Madurai Mani Iyer]]<br />
* [[Veena Dhanammal]]<br />
* [[E. Gayathri]]<br />
* [[D. K. Pattammal]]<br />
* [[Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer]]<br />
* [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]<br />
* [[N. Ramani]]<br />
* [[L. Athira Krishna]]<br />
* [[Aruna Sairam]]<br />
* [[T. Brinda]]<br />
* [[T. Muktha]]<br />
* [[T. Viswanathan]]<br />
* [[R. Vedavalli]]<br />
* [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]]<br />
* [[Maharajapuram Santhanam]]<br />
* [[Sanjay Subrahmanyan]]<br />
* [[T. M. Krishna]]<br />
* [[T. M. Soundararajan]]<br />
* [[Nithyashree Mahadevan]]<br />
* [[Nirmala Rajasekar]]<br />
* [[Nisha Rajagopalan]]<br />
* [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]<br />
* [[Mahathi (singer)|Mahathi]]<br />
* [[Aruna Sayeeram]]<br />
* [[Alathur Brothers]], Alathur Brothers Srinivasa Iyer (1912–1964) and Sivasubramania Iyer (1916–1980)<br />
* [[Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar]]<br />
* [[Poochi Srinivasa Iyengar]]<br />
* [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]]<br />
* [[G. N. Balasubramaniam]]<br />
* [[S. Sowmya]]<br />
* [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]]<br />
* [[Charumathi Ramachandran]]<br />
* [[Vasundhara Devi]]<br />
* [[Vyjayanthimala]]<br />
* [[Abraham Pandithar]], [[musicologist]] and [[siddha]] medicine practitioner from [[Madras Presidency]], British India<br />
* [[Ranjani-Gayatri|Ranjani & Gayatri]]<br />
<br />
=== Hindustani music ===<br />
<br />
* [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]<br />
* [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]<br />
<br />
=== Film music ===<br />
* [[K. V. Mahadevan]] (1918–2001), composer; winner of the [[National Film Award for Best Music Direction]] (1968 & 1980)<br />
* [[T. K. Ramamoorthy]] (1922–2013), composer<br />
* [[V. Kumar]] (1934–1996)<br />
* [[Ilayaraja]]<br />
* [[Gangai Amaran]] (1947–), composer, singer, director<br />
* [[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]] (?–2010), composer<br />
* [[Shankar–Ganesh]], composer<br />
* [[Deva (composer)|Deva]] (1950–), composer, singer<br />
* [[S. A. Rajkumar]] (1964–), composer<br />
* [[Sirpy]] (1962–), composer<br />
* [[A. R. Rahman]] (1967–), composer, singer, winner of [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], [[National Film Award for Best Music Direction]] (1993, 1997, 2002 & 2003)<br />
* [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] (1979–), composer, singer, winner of [[Cyprus International Film Festival]] Award in 2006 for ''Raam''<br />
* [[Harris Jayaraj]] (1975–), composer<br />
* [[Kavita Krishnamurti]] (1958–), singer<br />
* [[D. Imman]] (1983–), composer, singer<br />
* [[Srikanth Deva]], composer, singer<br />
* [[Bobo Shashi]], composer, singer<br />
* [[Karthik Raja]] (1973–), composer<br />
* [[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]] (1960–), composer, singer<br />
* [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] (1987–), composer, singer, actor<br />
* [[Vijay Antony]] (1975–), composer, singer, actor<br />
* [[Anirudh Ravichander]] (1990–), composer, singer<br />
* [[James Vasanthan]], composer<br />
* [[Santhosh Narayanan]] (1983–), composer<br />
* [[Mohamaad Ghibran]] (1980–), composer<br />
* [[Joshua Sridhar]] (2004–), composer<br />
* [[Nivas K. Prasanna]] (2014–), composer<br />
<br />
=== Western music ===<br />
<br />
* [[Master Dhanraj]], Mentor of [[Ilaiyaraaja]] and [[A. R. Rahman]]<br />
* [[Guy Sebastian]], [[Malaysian Australians|Malaysian-Australian]] singer and songwriter <br />
* [[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]] (Mathangi "Maya" Arulpragasam), British musician<br />
* [[Solé]], American rapper<br />
* [[Sketchy Bongo]] (Yuvir Pillay), South African musician and DJ<br />
* [[Clarence Jey]] (Clarence Jeyaretnam), Sri Lankan American record producer<br />
* [[Poetic Ammo|Yogi B]] (Yogeswaran Veerasingam), Malaysian hiphop artist, founder of [[Poetic Ammo]]<br />
* [[Kamahl]] (Kandiah Kamalesvaran), Australian cabaret/easy listening singer<br />
* [[Tharini Mudaliar]], Australian singer and violinist<br />
* [[Tommy Genesis]], Canadian rapper<br />
* [[Shan Vincent de Paul]], Canadian singer-songwriter, Rapper<br />
* [[Jacintha Abisheganaden]], Singaporean singer<br />
* [[Rudra (band)|Rudra]], Singaporean death metal band<br />
* [[Shruti Haasan]], western singer, daughter of Tamil actor [[Kamal Haasan]]<br />
* [[Blaaze]], rap artist and playback singer<br />
* [[Lord Kossity]]<br />
* [[Siva Kaneswaran]], band member of [[The Wanted]]<br />
* [[Arjun Coomaraswamy]], UK R&B singer<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamilculture.com/londons-rb-sensation-arjun|title=London's R&B Sensation: Arjun|website=TamilCulture.com}}</ref><br />
* [[Dinesh Kanagaratnam]], Sri Lankan hiphop artist<br />
* [[Hiphop Tamizha]], Tamil rap duo<br />
* [[Vidya Vox]], American singer<br />
* [[Yanchan]], Canadian music artist<br />
* [[Priya Ragu]], Swiss singer<br />
* [[Shruthi Rajasekar]], American composer and singer<br />
* [[Rhea Raj]], American singer-songwriter<br />
* [[Lara Raj]], American singer- Member of Katseye<br />
<br />
=== Other ===<br />
* [[Jaclyn Victor]], Malaysian singer, winner of inaugural [[Malaysian Idol]]<br />
* [[Chen Gexin]], Chinese songwriter <br />
* [[Chen Gang (composer)|Chen Gang]], Chinese composer<br />
* [[Lydian Nadhaswaram]], child prodigy, Indian pianist, winner of [[The World's Best]], 2019<br />
* [[Ashan Pillai]], Sri Lankan born British violist and professor<br />
<br />
== Dance ==<br />
* [[T. Balasaraswati]]<br />
* [[Chitra Visweswaran]]<br />
* [[Padma Subramanyam]]<br />
* [[Rukmini Devi Arundale]]<br />
* [[Anita Ratnam]]<br />
* [[Vyjayanthimala]]<br />
* [[Rajee Narayan]]<br />
<br />
== Cinema ==<br />
<br />
=== Directors ===<br />
{{main|List of Indian film directors#Tamil film directors}}<br />
* [[Thangar Bachan]]<br />
* [[C. V. Sridhar]]<br />
* [[A. P. Nagarajan]]<br />
* [[A. C. Tirulokchandar]]<br />
* [[K. Balachander]]<br />
* [[Balu Mahendra]]<br />
* [[Mahendran (filmmaker)|Mahendran]]<br />
* [[Bharathiraja]]<br />
* [[A. L. Vijay]]<br />
* [[A. Bhimsingh]]<br />
* [[S. P. Muthuraman]]<br />
* [[S. A. Chandrasekhar]]<br />
* [[Liaquat Ali Khan (director)|Liaquat Ali Khan]]<br />
* [[Bhagyaraj]]<br />
* [[T. Rajendar]]<br />
* [[P. Vasu]]<br />
* [[Lenin M. Sivam]]<br />
* [[Suresh Krissna]]<br />
* [[K. S. Ravikumar]]<br />
* [[Mani Ratnam]]<br />
* [[S. Shankar]]<br />
* [[Nelson Dilipkumar]]<br />
* [[Vetrimaaran]]<br />
* [[Atlee (director)|Atlee]]<br />
* [[Lokesh Kanagaraj]]<br />
* [[AR Murugadoss]]<br />
* [[V. Z. Durai]]<br />
* [[Seenu Ramasamy]]<br />
* [[Bharathan]]<br />
* [[Selvaraghavan]]<br />
* [[Thiagarajan Kumararaja]]<br />
* [[Bala (director)|Bala]]<br />
* [[Karthik Subbaraj]]<br />
* [[Nalan Kumarasamy]]<br />
* [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] (half malayali)<br />
* [[Mohan Raja]]<br />
* [[Vasanthabalan]]<br />
* [[Ram (director)|Ram]]<br />
* [[S. J. Surya]]<br />
* [[R. Ajay Gnanamuthu]]<br />
* [[Karthick Naren]]<br />
* [[Kamal Haasan]]<br />
* [[Balaji Sakthivel]]<br />
* [[K. V. Anand]]<br />
* [[P. C. Sreeram]]<br />
* [[Jeeva (director)|Jeeva]]<br />
* [[Vijay Milton]]<br />
* [[Dharani (director)|Dharani]]<br />
* [[Hari (director)|Hari]]<br />
* [[Ameer Sultan]]<br />
* [[Agathian]]<br />
* [[S. P. Jananathan]]<br />
* [[Tamiliam Subas]]<br />
* [[Mysskin]]<br />
* [[Prabu Solomon]]<br />
* [[Pandiraj]]<br />
* [[Siruthai Siva]]<br />
* [[Pa. Ranjith]]<br />
* [[Samuthirakani]]<br />
* [[M. Sasikumar|Sasikumar]]<br />
* [[Sasi (director)|Sasi]]<br />
* [[R. K. Selvamani]]<br />
* [[Ezhil]]<br />
* [[Saran (director)|Saran]]<br />
* [[Prabhu Deva]]<br />
* [[Chimbu Deven]]<br />
* [[Silambarasan]]<br />
* [[Suseenthiran]]<br />
* [[Venkat Prabhu]]<br />
* [[Vikraman]]<br />
<br />
=== Actors ===<br />
{{See also|List of Tamil film actors}}<br />
*[[Gemini Ganesan]]<br />
*[[Kamal Haasan]] <br />
*[[Suriya]]<br />
*[[Silambarasan]] <br />
*[[Vijay (actor)|Thalapathy Vijay]]<br />
*[[R. Madhavan]]<br />
*[[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]]<br />
*[[Sivaji Ganesan]]<br />
*[[Jayam Ravi]] (half tamil)<br />
*[[Arun Vijay]] <br />
*[[Harish Kalyan]]<br />
*[[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]]<br />
*[[Karthi]]<br />
*[[Vijay Sethupathi]]<br />
*[[Sivakarthikeyan]]<br />
*[[Vadivelu]]<br />
*[[Goundamani]]<br />
*[[Senthil]]<br />
*[[Ramarajan]]<br />
*[[Chitti Babu (Tamil actor)|Chitti Babu]]<br />
*[[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]]<br />
*[[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]]<br />
*[[Sathyaraj]]<br />
*[[Shaam (actor)|Shaam]]<br />
*[[Sathish]]<br />
*[[Sibi Sathyaraj]]<br />
*[[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]]<br />
*[[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]<br />
*[[N. S. Krishnan]]<br />
*[[P. U. Chinnappa]]<br />
*[[M. K. Mustafa]]<br />
*[[T. R. Mahalingam (actor)|T. R. Mahalingam]]<br />
*[[Yogi Babu]]<br />
*[[Manivannan]]<br />
*[[Thengai Srinivasan]]<br />
*[[Manobala]]<br />
*[[Mansoor Ali Khan (actor)|Mansoor Ali Khan]]<br />
*[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]]<br />
*[[Karunas]]<br />
*[[Delhi Ganesh]]<br />
*[[Singamuthu]]<br />
*[[Kumarimuthu]]<br />
*[[Vinu Chakravarthy]]<br />
*[[Vijay Antony]]<br />
*[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]<br />
*[[T. Rajendar]]<br />
*[[Sam Anderson (Tamil actor)|Sam Anderson]] <br />
*[[Prashanth Thyagarajan]], half Tamil<br />
<br />
=== Actresses ===<br />
{{See also|List of Tamil film actresses}}<br />
*[[Trisha (actress)]]<br />
*[[Nivetha Pethuraj]](half Tamil) <br />
*[[Shruti Haasan]], half Tamil<br />
*[[Menaka (actress)]]<br />
*[[Keerthy Suresh]], half Tamil<br />
*[[Priya Anand]], half Tamil<br />
*[[Regina Cassandra]]<br />
*[[Priyamani]]<br />
*[[Rekha]], half Tamil<br />
*[[Meena (actress)|Meena]], half Telugu and half malayali <br />
*[[Sridevi]], half Tamil<br />
*[[Priya Bhavani Shankar]]<br />
*[[Losliya Mariyanesan]]<br />
*[[Vyjanthimala]]<br />
*[[Madhoo]]<br />
*[[Meenakshi Seshadri]]<br />
*[[Vidya Balan]], half Tamil<br />
*[[Riythvika]]<br />
*[[Suhasini Maniratnam]]<br />
*[[Hema Malini]]<br />
*[[Esha Deol]], half Tamil<br />
*[[Priyanka Arul Mohan]], half Tamil<br />
*[[Indhuja Ravichandran]]<br />
*[[Janani (actress)]]<br />
*[[Amritha Aiyer]]<br />
*[[Ramya Krishnan]]<br />
*[[Sai Dhanshika]]<br />
<br />
=== Music composers ===<br />
:''See: [[#Film music|Film music]]''<br />
*[[A. R. Rahman]]<br />
*[[Anirudh Ravichander]]<br />
*[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]<br />
*[[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br />
*[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]<br />
*[[Harris Jayaraj]]<br />
*[[D. Imman]]<br />
*[[Ghibran]]<br />
*[[Vivek-Mervin]]<br />
*[[Santhosh Narayanan]]<br />
*[[Justin Prabhakaran]]<br />
*[[Gangai Amaran]]<br />
*[[Deva (composer)]]<br />
*[[Sam C. S.]]<br />
*[[Vijay Antony]]<br />
*[[Darbuka Siva]]<br />
*[[Sean Roldan]]<br />
*[[Sai Abhyankkar]]<br />
<br />
=== In Hollywood ===<br />
* [[Sendhil Ramamurthy]], actor in [[NBC]] drama ''[[Heroes (American TV series)|Heroes]]'' and [[Netflix]] series [[Never Have I Ever (TV series)|''Never Have I Ever'']]; half Tamil <br />
* [[Ashok Amritraj]], filmmaker, producer<br />
* [[Geraldine Viswanathan]], actress from [[Blockers (film)]]; half Tamil<br />
* [[Sunkrish Bala]], actor in [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] show ''[[Notes from the Underbelly]]''<br />
* [[Mindy Kaling]], actor in [[NBC]] sitcom ''[[The Office (U.S. TV series)|The Office]]''; half Tamil<br />
* [[Aziz Ansari]], actor and comedian<br />
* [[Poorna Jagannathan]], actress in [[Netflix]] series [[Never Have I Ever (TV series)|''Never Have I Ever'']]<br />
* [[Chandran Rutnam]], award-winning director for the movie ''[[A Common Man (film)|A Common Man]]'' at the Madrid International Film Festival; half Tamil.<br />
* [[M. Night Shyamalan]], director; half Tamil<br />
* [[Maitreyi Ramakrishnan]], a Canadian actress in [[Netflix]] series [[Never Have I Ever (TV series)|''Never Have I Ever'']]<br />
* [[Selva Rasalingam]], actor; half Tamil<br />
* [[Nimmi Harasgama]], actress in [[Funny Boy (2020 film)]]; half Tamil<br />
* [[Amara Karan]], actress in [[The Darjeeling Limited]]<br />
* [[Simone Ashley]], actress in [[Bridgerton]]<br />
* [[Charithra Chandran]], actress in [[Bridgerton]]<br />
<br />
=== Other entertainers ===<br />
* [[Padma Lakshmi]], American model and television host<br />
* [[Angela Jonsson]], Icelandic model and actress<br />
* [[Amelia Henderson]], British-Malaysian media personality <br />
* [[Anjana Vasan]], British-Singaporean actress<br />
* [[Law Lan]], Hong Kong actress<br />
* [[Cassandra Ponti]], Filipino actress <br />
* [[Tatiana Kumar]], French-Malaysian model <br />
* [[Huzir Sulaiman]], Malaysian director and actor <br />
* [[Waheeda Rehman]], Indian actress and dancer<br />
* [[Michelle Saram]], Chinese-Singaporean actress and singer<br />
* [[Romesh Ranganathan]], British comedian<br />
* [[Sindhu Vee]], British stand-up comedian; half Tamil<br />
* [[Aurore Kichenin]], French model<br />
* [[Deborah Priya Henry]], Malaysian-Irish model and television personality<br />
<br />
== Sports and games ==<br />
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}<br />
<br />
=== Athletics ===<br />
{{Main list|List of sportspeople from Tamil Nadu<br />
}}<br />
* [[Mariyappan Thangavelu]], winner of the gold medal in Paralympics, high jump<br />
* [[Santhi Soundarajan]], first World Peace Sports Festival Ambassador from India; first Tamil woman to win a medal at Asian Games<br />
* [[Mani Jegathesan]]<br />
* [[Sathish Sivalingam]]<br />
* [[Gomathi Marimuthu]], winner of the gold medal in Asian athletics championship<br />
<br />
=== Basketball ===<br />
* [[Anitha Pauldurai]], basketball player<br />
<br />
=== Boxing===<br />
* [[Venkatesan Devarajan]] was the second Indian to win a medal at the Boxing World Cup after Pu Zoramthanga (boxer), from Mizoram. He is from Chennai, India. He was awarded the Arjuna Award in 1995. He competed in the men's bantamweight event at the [[1992 Summer Olympics]]. V. Devarajan has been a fighter on and off the boxing ring. He broke new ground by becoming the first Indian to win a World Cup medal on foreign soil in 1994. <br />
* [[Kalaivani Srinivasan]] is a female boxer from [[Tamil Nadu]] who won a silver medal at the Indian Seniors National Boxing Championship in Vijayanagar in 2019. She was named the ‘Most Promising Boxer’ at the Indian National Boxing Championship in 2019. She later won a gold medal at the [[South Asian Games]] in Kathmandu, Nepal in 2019.<br />
<br />
=== Carrom ===<br />
* [[A. Maria Irudayam]], world [[carrom]] [[champion]] and [[Arjuna Award]] winner for carrom (1996)<br />
* [[R. Arokiaraj]], carrom champion<br />
<br />
=== Volleyball ===<br />
* [[A. Palanisamy]], first Arjuna Award winner for volleyball (1961)<br />
* [[G. E. Sridharan]], Arjuna Award winner<br />
* [[Sivabalan]], played for India and currently playing for IOB, Chennai<br />
<br />
=== Chess ===<br />
* [[Viswanathan Anand]], world [[chess]] champion; first Indian to earn the title of [[International Grandmaster|Grandmaster]]<br />
* [[Manuel Aaron]], first Indian to earn the title of [[International Master]]<br />
* [[Murugan Thiruchelvam]], chess player from United Kingdom<br />
* [[Krishnan Sasikiran]], Grandmaster and Arjuna Award winner for chess (2002)<br />
* [[S. Vijayalakshmi]], six-time women's national champion of India; first woman Grandmaster from India; Arjuna Award winner for chess (2000)<br />
* [[Aarthie Ramaswamy]], woman Grandmaster and under-18 girls' world chess champion<br />
* [[Baskaran Adhiban]], chess Grandmaster from Tamil Nadu<br />
* [[S. P. Sethuraman]], chess Grandmaster from Tamil Nadu<br />
* [[Srinath Narayanan]], Chess Grandmaster From Tamil Nadu<br />
* [[Rameshbabu Praggnanandhaa]], Chess Grandmaster From Tamil Nadu<br />
<br />
=== Cricket ===<br />
<br />
==== India ====<br />
* [[M.J. Gopalan]] (1909–2003), represented India in both international [[field hockey]] and cricket<br />
* [[C. R. Rangachari]] (1916–1993), [[fast bowler|pace bowler]], [[India national cricket team|Indian Cricket Team]]<br />
* [[M. Suryanarayan]] (1930–2010), [[batsman]], Indian Test cricketer<br />
* [[C. D. Gopinath]] (1930–), [[batsman]], Indian Cricket Team<br />
* [[Ravichandran Ashwin]], all rounder, Indian Cricket Team<br />
* [[Srinivas Venkataraghavan|S. Venkataraghavan]] (1945–), ex-Captain of Indian Cricket Team and [[test cricket|Test]] and [[One Day International|ODI]] [[umpire (cricket)|umpire]]<br />
* [[Krishnamachari Srikkanth|K. Srikkanth]] (1959–), ex-Captain and current Chief Selector of Indian Cricket Team<br />
* [[T. A. Sekhar]] (1956–), [[fast bowler|pace bowler]], Indian Cricket Team<br />
* [[Thiru Kumaran]] (1975–), pace bowler, Indian Cricket Team<br />
* [[Tirumalai Srinivasan|T.E. Srinivasan]], batsman, Indian Cricket Team<br />
* [[Laxman Sivaramakrishnan|L. Sivaramakrishnan]] (1965–), [[spin bowling|spin bowler]], Indian Cricket Team<br />
* [[Margasahayam Venkataramana]] (1966–), test cricketer, off-spinner<br />
* [[V. B. Chandrasekhar]], batsman, Indian Cricket Team<br />
* [[Bharat Arun]] (1962–), pace bowler, Indian Cricket Team<br />
* [[Murali Kartik]] (1976–), [[spin bowling|spin bowler]], Indian Cricket Team, [[Kolkata Knight Riders]], [[Pune Warriors]]<br />
* [[Sadagoppan Ramesh]] (1975–), batsman, Indian Cricket Team<br />
* [[Subramaniam Badrinath]] (1980–), batsman, Indian Cricket Team, [[Chennai Super Kings]]<br />
* [[Murali Vijay]] (1984–), batsman, Indian Cricket Team, Chennai Super Kings<br />
* [[Lakshmipathy Balaji]] (1981–), pace bowler, Indian Cricket Team, Chennai Super Kings, [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]<br />
* [[Dinesh Karthik]] (1985–), [[wicketkeeper]], Indian Cricket Team, [[Delhi Daredevils]], [[Kings XI Punjab]], [[Mumbai Indians]]<br />
* [[Washington Sundar]] (1999–), all-rounder, Indian Cricket Team, [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]<br />
* [[Thangarasu Natarajan]], pacer From Salem Tamil Nadu<br />
* [[Varun Chakravarthy]], spinner <br />
* [[Murugan Ashwin]], leg spinner<br />
* [[Venkatesh Iyer]], Batsman<br />
<br />
==== Other countries ====<br />
* [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] (1972–), highest [[wicket]] taker in [[test cricket|test]] and [[One Day International|ODI]] cricket from [[Sri Lanka]]<br />
* [[Angelo Mathews]], Sri Lankan all rounder and captain<br />
* [[Russel Arnold]], Sri Lankan cricketer and journalist<br />
* [[Roy Dias]], former Sri Lankan test cricketer/vice captain; a Tamil of Negombo Chetty<br />
* [[Sridharan Jeganathan]] (?–1996), former NCC and Sri Lankan test cricketer/off spin bowler; first Sri Lankan test cricketer to die<br />
* [[Vinodhan John]], pace bowler, first [[Sri Lankan Tamil people|Sri Lankan Tamil]] [[Test cricket]]er 1982<br />
* [[Pradeep Jayaprakashdaran]], Sri Lankan One Day International (ODI) cricket player<br />
* [[S. Illangaratnam]], Sri Lankan cricketer, stalwart of Moratuwa and Bloomfield cricket clubs prior to the Test era<br />
* [[Mahadevan Sathasivam]], one of the best cricket batsmen produced by Ceylon<br />
* [[K. T. Francis|Kandiah Thirugnansampandapillai Francis]], international [[test cricket|Test]] and [[One Day International|ODI]] [[Umpire (cricket)|umpire]] from [[Sri Lanka]]<br />
* [[Nasser Hussain]] (1968–), former Essex and England cricketer, test captain<br />
* [[Sanjayan Thuraisingam]] (1969–), pace bowler, [[Canadian cricket team|Canadian Cricket Team]]<br />
* [[Alvin Kallicharan]], former [[West Indies]] [[Guyana]] cricket captain<br />
* [[Mahendra Nagamootoo]], former West Indies and Guyana cricketer, nephew of [[Alvin Kallicharan]]<br />
* [[Veerasammy Permaul]], West Indies and Guyana cricketer<br />
<br />
=== Football ===<br />
* [[Peter Velappan]] (1935–2018), General Secretary of [[Asian Football Confederation]]; member of [[FIFA]] Strategic Studies Committee & Organising Committee for the [[FIFA World Cup]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}}<br />
* [[Samuel Moutoussamy]] Professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for [[FC Nantes]] and represents the [[DR Congo]] internationally.<br />
* [[Gurusamy Kandasamy]]<br />
* [[Syed Sabir Pasha]], represented Indian football team in the early 1990s; also played for and coached Indian Bank-Chennai<br />
* [[Vimal Yoganathan]], First Tamil Professional Footballer in England. He's of Sri Lankan Tamil Heritage, plays [[for Wales U19s]] internationally. Plays for [[ Oldham Athletic]] (on loan from [[Barnsley FC]])<br />
<br />
=== Hockey ===<br />
* [[Vasudevan Baskaran]], captain of the [[India men's national field hockey team|Indian hockey team]] that won [[Olympic medal|Olympic Gold]] in 1980 [[Moscow Olympics]]; Arjuna Award winner (1979–1980)<br />
* [[Dhanraj Pillay]] (1968–), ex-[[India men's national field hockey team|Indian hockey team]] Captain, Arjuna Award winner (1995); winner of [[Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna]] Award (1999–2000)<br />
* [[Adam Sinclair (field hockey)|Adam Sinclair]], member of the Indian hockey team at the 2004 [[2004 Summer Olympics|Athens Olympics]]<br />
<br />
=== Mountain climbing ===<br />
* [[M. Magendran]], conquered the highest peak in the world, [[Mount Everest]]<br />
<br />
=== Racing ===<br />
* [[Karun Chandhok]], Formula 1 driver<br />
* [[Naren Kumar]], four time National Rally Champion<br />
* [[Ajith Kumar]], mechanic, F2 racer, Moto gp racer<br />
<br />
=== Squash ===<br />
* [[Nicol David]], former world number 1<br />
* [[Joshna Chinappa]], Indian women Squash Champion<br />
<br />
=== Tennis ===<br />
* [[Vijay Amritraj]], international champion and actor<br />
* [[Anand Amritraj]], international player<br />
* [[Ashok Amritraj]], international player<br />
* [[Prakash Amritraj]], international player<br />
* [[Ramanathan Krishnan]], international player<br />
* [[Ramesh Krishnan]], international player<br />
* [[Nirupama Vaidyanathan]], international player<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
== Entertainers ==<br />
* [[Vyjayanthimala]], [[Bharatanatyam]] dancer; introduced semi-classical dance in [[Bollywood]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/may/06dinesh.htm |title=Bollywood's Dancing Queen |date=May 6, 2002 |first=Dinesh|last=Raheja |accessdate=2011-01-02 |work=[[Rediff]]}}</ref><br />
* [[Rukmini Devi Arundale]], Bharatanatyam dancer; founder of [[Kalakshetra]]<br />
* [[Balasaraswati]], Bharatanatyam dancer<br />
* [[Alarmel Valli]], Bharatanatyam dancer<br />
* [[Chitra Visweswaran]], Bharatanatyam dancer<br />
* [[Padma Subramanyam]], Bharatanatyam dancer<br />
* [[Pithukuli Murugadas]], musician<br />
* [[Tameem Ahmed]], influencer<br />
* [[Avinaas Indrakumar]], influencer<br />
* [[K. B. Sundarambal]], actress and singer<br />
* [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]], vocalist and Carnatic music exponent<br />
* Dr.[[Sirkazhi G. Sivachidambaram]], vocalist and Carnatic music exponent<br />
<br />
== Religion and spirituality ==<br />
* [[Bodhidharma]] (5th/6th century), [[Buddhist monk]] and 28th patriarch of Buddhism; traditionally credited as the leading patriarch and transmitter of [[Zen]] to China; spread [[Shaolin Kung Fu]] in China<br />
* [[Ayya Vaikundar]] (1809–1851), founder and preceptor of the Ayyavazhi sect<br />
* [[Arutprakasa Vallalar Chidambaram Ramalinga Swamigal|Ramalinga Swamigal]] (1823–1873), popularly known as Vallalar<br />
* [[Ramanuja]] (1017–1137), philosopher and [[saint]] of [[Vaishnavism]]<br />
* [[Iyothee Thass]], Buddhist philosopher and activist<br />
* [[Bawa Muhaiyaddeen]], Sufi mystic<br />
<br />
== Tamil literature ==<br />
<br />
=== Classical literature ===<br />
* [[Tholkappiar]], author of the ''[[Tholkappiyam]]''<br />
* [[Thiruvalluvar]], poet and author of the ''[[Tirukkuṛaḷ]]''<br />
* [[Tirumular]], poet and author of ''[[Tirumantiram]]''<br />
* [[Kambar (poet)|Kambar]], author of ''[[Ramavataram]]''<br />
* [[Avvaiyar (12th-century poet)|Avvaiyar]], author of ''[[Ātticcūṭi]]''<br />
* [[Eelattu Poothanthevanar]], classical Sri Lankan poet of the [[Sangam period]]<br />
<br />
=== Religious literature ===<br />
<br />
==== Shaivism ====<br />
* [[Sekkizhar|Sekkilhar]], author of the ''[[Periapuranam|Periya Puranam]]''<br />
* [[Manikkavasagar]], author of ''[[Thiruvasagam]]'' and one of the [[Nayanmars]]<br />
* [[Siva prakasar|Siva Prakasar]], author of ''[[Nanneri]]''<br />
* [[Thirumular]], author of ''[[Thirumandhiram|Tirumantiram]]''<br />
* [[Nakkeerar]] author of ''[[Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai]]''<br />
* [[Arunagirinathar]], author of ''[[Thiruppugazh|Tiruppugal]]''<br />
<br />
==== Vaishnavism ====<br />
* [[Nammalvar]], author of ''[[Tiruvaymoli]]'' and one of the [[Alwars|Alvars]]<br />
* [[Thirumazhisai Aazhwar|Tirumalisai Alvar]], author of ''[[Tiruchanda Viruttam]]'' and one of the Alvars<br />
* [[Andal]], author of ''[[Tiruppaavai|Tiruppavai]]'' and one of the Alvars<br />
* [[Manavala Mamunigal]], proponent of Sri Vaishnavism<br />
* [[Periyalvar]], author of [[Periyalvar Tirumoli]] and one of the Alvars<br />
* [[V. Akilesapillai]], scholar, poet, and author of ''[[Thirukonasala Vaipavam]]'' from Sri Lanka<br />
<br />
==== Islam ====<br />
* [[Umaru Pulavar]] (1605–1703), author of ''Seerappuranam'', [[Islamic]] tamil poet.<br />
<br />
====Jainism====<br />
* [[Ilango Adigal|Illango Adigal]], poet and author of ''[[Silappathikaram]]''<br />
* [[Tirutakakatevar]], author of ''[[Jivaka-chintamani|Jivaka Chintamani]]''<br />
* [[Mandalapuruder]], author of ''Vira Mandalaver'' is ''Sudamani Nigandhu''<br />
* [[Svarupananda Desikar]]<br />
===Christianity===<br />
* [[Henry Alfred Krishnapillai]], author of Ratchanya Yaatrigam, the [[Masterpiece]] based on [[John Bunyan]]'s [[The Pilgrim's Progress]], although not a translation.<br />
<br />
=== Modern literature ===<br />
<br />
==== India ====<br />
* [[Subramania Bharati]], social and literary writer<br />
* [[Bharathidasan]] (1891–1964), poet and rationalist<br />
* [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]], wrote revolutionary Tamil poems in common language<br />
* [[Pudhumaipithan]] (1906–1948), fiction writer<br />
* [[Samuel Vedanayagam Pillai]], first Tamil novelist<br />
* [[Akilan]], novelist<br />
* [[Ramalingam Pillai]]<br />
* [[Thi. Janakiraman]], novelist<br />
* [[Mahavidwan Vasudeva Mudaliar]], scholar<br />
* [[Kalki Krishnamurthy]] (1899–1954), novelist and journalist<br />
* [[Jayakanthan]] (1934–2015), writer and novelist<br />
* [[G. P. Rajarathnam]] (1909–1979), Tamil-born Kannada poet and writer<br />
* [[T. P. Kailasam]] (1884–1946), playwright and writer in Kannada literature from Karnataka<br />
* [[Masti Venkatesha Iyengar]] (1891–1986), Kannada writer and recipient of [[Jnanpith Award]]<br />
* [[Kannadasan]] (1927–1981), popularly called as Kavi Arasu; poet and film lyricist; winner of [[National Film Award for Best Lyrics]] (1969)<br />
* [[Vairamuthu]] (1953–), poet and film lyricist; winner of National Film Award for Best Lyrics (1986, 1993, 1995, 2000, and 2003)<br />
* [[Leena Manimekalai]]<br />
* [[Indira Soundarajan]], novelist and short story writer<br />
* [[Ashoka Mitran]] (1931–2017), novelist and short story writer<br />
* [[R. K. Narayan]] (1906–2001), English novelist and essayist<br />
* [[Makaral Karthikeya Mudaliar]], scholar<br />
* [[Pa. Subramania Mudaliar]], scholar<br />
* [[Varadarasanar]], novelist<br />
* [[Sandilyan]], novelist<br />
* [[Pa. Vijay]], film lyricist; winner of National Film Award for Best Lyrics (2005)<br />
* [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]], film lyricist<br />
* [[Sujatha (writer)|Sujatha]] (1935–2008), novelist, haiku poet, film screenplay writer<br />
* [[R. Raghava Iyengar]]<br />
* [[K. S. Maniam]]<br />
* [[S. Abdul Rahman|Kavikko Abdul Rahman]]<br />
* [[Inkulab|Makkal Pavalar Inqulab]], left-leaning poet<br />
* [[Mu. Metha]]<br />
* [[Ka. Mu. Sheriff]], film lyricist<br />
* [[Manushyaputhiran]]<br />
* [[Salma (writer)|Rajathi Salma]], novelist<br />
*[[Balakumaran]] (5 July 1946 – 15 May 2018)[1], Indian Tamil writer, author of over 200 novels, 100 short stories, etc.<br />
*[[Pattukkottai Prabakar]], Indian Tamil writer. He is a king of crime and thrill novels and also a versatile writer.<br />
*[[Rajesh Kumar (writer)]], pseudonym of KR Rajagopal, Tamil author of crime fiction. Kalaimaamani Awardee.<br />
*[[Henry Alfred Krishnapillai]], Tamil Poet.<br />
<br />
==== Other countries ====<br />
* [[Ronnie Govender]], South African playwright, actor, activist, won the 1997 Commonwealth Writers' Prize<br />
* [[Pico Iyer]], British-Japanese essayist and novelist<br />
* [[Kessie Govender]], South African playwright, actor and theatre director; founded the [[Stable Theatre]]<br />
* [[Kandappu Murugesu]], Sri Lankan poet<br />
* [[Shyam Selvadurai]], Sri Lankan-Canadian novelist; half Tamil<br />
* [[Sharon Bala]], Canadian writer<br />
* [[Akwaeke Emezi]], Nigerian writer and video artist; half Tamil<br />
* [[Rani Manicka]], Malaysian novelist, won the [[Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] in 2003 for South East Asia and South Pacific region<br />
* [[Edwin Thumboo]], Singaporean writer; half Tamil<br />
* [[T. K. Doraiswamy]] ([[Nakulan]]) (1921–2007), poet, novelist, translator, professor of English Singapore writer; President of [[Singapore Law Society]]<br />
* [[Gopal Baratham]] (1935–2002), Singaporean writer and neurosurgeon<br />
<br />
===Others===<br />
<br />
* [[Arumuka Navalar]] (1822–1879), pioneer of Tamil prose; champion of [[Hinduism]] from [[Jaffna]], Sri Lanka<br />
* [[Siva prakasar]], Saiva Siddantha, scholar, wrote 32 books in Tamil (Nanneri, Thiruchendur ula)<br />
* [[Maraimalai Adigal]], scholar and activist<br />
* [[U. V. Swaminatha Iyer]] (1855–1942)<br />
* [[Paventhar Bharathidasan]], poet, also known as "Puratchi Kavignar"<br />
* [[Kalyanasundara Mudaliar]], writer<br />
* [[Varadarasanar]], novelist<br />
* [[Erode Tamilanban]], poet<br />
* [[Solomon Pappaiah]], scholar and debate judge<br />
* [[Pudhumaipithan]], revolutionary writer from the Tirunelveli Saiva Pillai community<br />
* [[Jayakanthan]], writer<br />
* [[Kavimani Desigavinayagam Pillai]], poet<br />
* [[Manonmaniam Sundaram Pillai]], writer <br />
* [[Perumal Rasu]], writer, poet, painter<br />
* [[Ramanuja Kavirayar]], poet<br />
<br />
== Modern art ==<br />
* [[S. Chandrasekaran]], nominated for the APBF [[Signature Art Prize]] 2008 as one of the top ten<br />
* [[Vivan Sundaram|Vivian Sundaram]], [[History of the Jews in India|Indian Jewish]] contemporary artist<br />
* [[Manohar Devadoss]], 2020 [[Padma Shri]] recipient<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Tamil people]]<br />
* [[Tamil diaspora]]<br />
* [[List of Sri Lankan Tamils]]<br />
* [[Tamil Canadian]]<br />
* [[Tamil American]]<br />
* [[Tamil Malaysians]]<br />
* [[British Tamil]]<br />
* [[Tamil Australian]]<br />
* [[Tamil Indonesians]]<br />
* [[Tamil South Africans]]<br />
* [[Tamil Germans]]<br />
* [[Tamils in France]]<br />
* [[Tamil Mauritian]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Portal bar|Tamils|Asia|India|Sri Lanka}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lists of people by ethnicity|Tamils]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil people| List]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ashok_Seth&diff=487930Ashok Seth2026-03-09T10:31:36Z<p>Itssuvam: Stub...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian interventional cardiologist}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Ashok Seth<br />
| image = Ashok Seth.jpg<br />
| caption = Ashok Seth during 63rd Annual Convocation in [[Aligarh Muslim University]]<br />
| birth_date = {{bda|1954|10|12|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[India]]<br />
| occupation = Cardiologist<br />
| known for = [[Interventional cardiology]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh]]<br />
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]<br/>[[Order of Isabella the Catholic]]<br/>[[Padma Shri]]<br/>[[Indian Medical Association|IMA]] Distinguished Service Award<br/>''Shresth Shree Award''<br/>''All India Khatri Mahasabha'' Award[[Andreas Gruentzig]] Award<br/>[[International Biographical Centre|IBC]] 20th Century Award<br/>NICCSI Professional Excellence Award<br/>''Delhi Ratna Award''<br/>[[Indian Medical Association|IMA]] Distinguished Interventional Cardiologist Award<br/>[[Rotary International|Rotary]] Vocational Excellence Award<br/>IJCP Interventional Cardiologist of the Year<br/>[[Indian Medical Association|IMA]] NDB Life Time Achievement Award<br/>DMA Medical Teachers' Award<br/>[[World Heart Federation]] Citation<br/>DMA Legend in Interventional Cardiology Award<br/>WCCPC2006 Life Time Achievement Award<br/>GSI Lifetime Achievement Award<br/>Cardiological Society of India Citation<br/>IMA-NDB Distinguished Service Award<br/>IMA Doctor’s Day Award<br/>IMA Magnanimous Award<br/>WCCPC Lifetime Achievement Award<br/>WCCPGC-2008 Lifetime Achievement Award<br/>MIDI Management Excellence Award<br/>Sunday Indian and IIPM Mega Excellence Award<br/>WCCPGC-2009 Lifetime Achievement Award<br/>IMA Dr. K. Sharan Cardiology Excellence Award<br/>[[Mason Sones]] Award<br/>Atma Jyoti Award<br/>AACIO Special Award<br/>Golden Pioneer of Interventional Cardiology Award<br/>Rotary Lifetime Achievement Award<br/>Vishisht Bihari Samman<br/>Vishisht Chikitsa Ratan<br/>[[Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh|JNMC]] Most Glorious Alumni<br/>Doc N Doc-Gammex Saviour Award<br/>DMA Centenary Award<br/>Hero Lifetime Achievement Award<br />
}}<br />
'''Ashok Seth''' (born 12 October 1954) is an Indian [[interventional cardiologist]],<ref name="Dr Ashok Seth Credihealth Profile">{{cite web | url=https://www.credihealth.com/doctor/ashok-seth-cardiac-surgeon/overview | title=Dr Ashok Seth | publisher=Credi Health Pvt. Ltd. | date=2017 | access-date=17 March 2017}}</ref> credited with the performance of over 50,000 [[angiogram]]s and 20,000 [[angioplasties]], which has been included in the [[Limca Book of Records]], a book for achievements and records from an Indian perspective.<ref name="Fortis">{{cite web | url=http://www.fortisescorts.in/DoctorDetail/3/Dr-Ashok-Seth.aspx | title=Fortis | publisher=Fortis | date=2015 | access-date=2 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202205135/http://www.fortisescorts.in/DoctorDetail/3/Dr-Ashok-Seth.aspx | archive-date=2 February 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="My Doc Advisor">{{cite web | url=http://www.mydocadvisor.com/DoctorDetail.aspx?Id=416&HospitalId=198&CId=243 | title=My Doc Advisor | publisher=My Doc Advisor | date=2015 | access-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Economic Times Interview">{{cite web | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/backpage/interview-with-dr-ashok-seth-chairman-escorts-heart-institute/articleshow/3426486.cms | title=Economic Times Interview | work=The Economic Times| date=31 August 2008 | access-date=2 February 2015}}</ref> He is a Fellow of the [[Royal College of Physicians of London|Royal Colleges of Physicians of London]], [[Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh|Edinburgh]] and [[Royal College of Physicians of Ireland|Ireland]]<ref name="Medical Tourism">{{cite web | url=http://www.medicaltourismco.com/dr-ashok-seth-india/ | title=Medical Tourism | publisher=Medical Tourism | date=2015 | access-date=2 February 2015}}</ref> and serves as the chief [[Cardiology|cardiologist]], holding the chairs of the department of [[Cardiovascular disease|cardiovascular]] sciences and cardiology council at the [[Fortis Healthcare]].<ref name="India Medical Times JMI">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiamedicaltimes.com/2012/11/22/jamia-millia-honours-cardiologist-dr-ashok-seth/ | title=India Medical Times JMI | work=India Medical Times| date=22 November 2012 | access-date=2 February 2015}}</ref> Seth, a recipient of the [[Order of Isabella the Catholic]], was honored by the [[Government of India]] with the fourth highest [[Indian honours system|Indian civilian award]] of [[Padma Shri]], in 2003,<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Padma Awards |date=2015 |access-date=11 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> followed by [[Padma Bhushan]], the third highest Indian civilian award, in 2015.<ref name="Padma Bhushan">{{cite web | url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114952 | title=This Year's Padma Awards announced | publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] | date=25 January 2015 | access-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Sehat">{{cite web | url=https://www.sehat.com/dr-ashok-seth-cardiologist-delhi | title=Sehat | publisher=Sehat | date=2015 | access-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
Ashok Seth graduated in Medicine (MBBS) from the [[Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh|Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College]], [[Aligarh Muslim University]] in 1978.<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="Sehat" /><ref name="Forerunners Healthcare">{{cite web | url=http://www.forerunnershealthcare.com/dr-ashok-seth.html | title=Forerunners Healthcare | publisher=Forerunners Healthcare | date=2015 | access-date=2 February 2015}}</ref> Later, moving to UK for higher education, he served as a cardiologist at the [[Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham|Queen Elizabeth Hospital]] of [[Birmingham University]] until 1988.<ref name="Forerunners Healthcare" /> During this period, he did advanced training to secure membership of the [[Royal College of Physicians of London]] (MRCP) in 1984 and the [[Royal College of Physicians of Ireland]] (MRCP) in 1986.<ref name="My Doc Advisor" /><ref name="Sehat" /> He returned to India in 1988 and joined the Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, present day [[Fortis Healthcare]],<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="Medical Tourism" /><ref name="Forerunners Healthcare" /> as its Chief of Invasive and Interventional Cardiology and established the Invasive Cardiology programme at the institution. He stayed with Fortis Healthcare until 2004 after which he moved to [[Max Healthcare]], erstwhile Max Heart and Vascular Institute.<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="My Doc Advisor" /> He has also been serving as an honorary professor of cardiology at several other institutions such as [[Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal]] (since 2000), [[Raipur Medical College]] (since 2001), Bilaspur Medical College (since 2001), D. Y. Patil University<ref name="D Y Patil">{{cite web | url=http://www.dypatil.in/ | title=D Y Patil | publisher=D Y Patil | date=2015 | access-date=2 February 2015}}</ref> (since 2008) and [[Bangladesh Medical College]], Dhaka (since 1998).<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="My Doc Advisor" /> After four years at Max, he returned to [[Fortis Healthcare]]<ref name="Economic Times Interview" /> to resume his duties there as the chief cardiologist and the chairman of its Cardiac Sciences Division.<ref name="Sehat" /><ref name="Doctors Cabin">{{cite web | url=https://www.doctorscabin.com/2232-DrAshokSeth | title=Doctors Cabin | publisher=Doctors Cabin | date=2015 | access-date=2 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204171350/https://www.doctorscabin.com/2232-DrAshokSeth | archive-date=4 February 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Zee News">{{cite web | url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/health/health-news/prevention-is-the-best-therapy-for-heart-disease-dr-ashok-seth_7661.html | title=Zee News | publisher=Zee News | date=12 April 2010 | access-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Professional associations==<br />
Ashok Seth is a member of Asian Pacific Society of [[Interventional cardiology|interventional Cardiology]] (APSIC) Board of Trustees<ref name="Medical Tourism" /> and SCAI Nominating Committee and sits on the advisory boards of ACC India, SCAI Interventional Fellows Institute (IFI), International Andreas Gruentzig Society (IAGS), E-Cypher, USA, Asia-Pacific Society of Interventional Cardiology (Singapore)<ref name="APSIC">{{cite web | url=http://www.apsic.net/index.htm | title=APSIC | publisher=APSIC | date=2015 | access-date=3 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201032240/http://www.apsic.net/index.htm | archive-date=1 February 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref> and ERA Educational Trust and Medical College, Lucknow.<ref name="Fortis" /> He holds the chair of the Indian chapter of the Organization of International Medical Video Interventional Program (IMVIP) and is the co-chairman of SCAI International Committee.<ref name="Fortis" /> He is a voting selector of SCAI (MSCAI) Nominating Committee, Zonal vice president of Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology, associate director of TCT Scientific Sessions and the president of the Delhi branch of the Cardiological Society of India.<ref name="Fortis" /> He is a founding member of Endovascular Intervention Society of India,<ref name="My Doc Advisor" /> Academy of TCT,<ref name="My Doc Advisor" /> New York and the [[SAARC]] Cardiac Society for Research, Training and Exchange of Expertise in Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease in Asia.<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="My Doc Advisor" /><ref name="Medical Tourism" /> He is a trustee of Indo-French [[Cardiovascular]] Foundation for Research, Education and Training in the field of Angioplasty and a former trustee of Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, USA.<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="My Doc Advisor" /><ref name="Medical Tourism" /> He has also served as the vice president of the Cardiological Society of India<ref name="My Doc Advisor" /> and as the chairman of the New Delhi branch of [[Indian Medical Association]].<ref name="Fortis" /><br />
<br />
On 18 July 2019, Ashok Seth appointed as President of Asia Pacific Society of Interventional Cardiology.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://medicaldialogues.in/eminent-cardiologist-dr-ashok-seth-appointed-president-of-asia-pacific-society-of-interventional-cardiology/|title= Dr Ashok Seth appointed President of Asia Pacific Society of Interventional Cardiology|date=18 July 2019|work=Medical Dialogues}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
Ashok Seth is credited with pioneering many cardiological techniques in the Asia Pacific region.<ref name="Forerunners Healthcare" /> He is the first cardiologist in the region to perform an [[angioscopy]] and directional [[atherectomy]].<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="My Doc Advisor" /><ref name="Forerunners Healthcare" /> He is reported to be the first to use ''Impella heart support device''<ref name="Impella">{{cite web | url=http://www.texasheart.org/Research/Devices/impella.cfm | title=Impella | publisher=Texas Heart Institute | date=2015 | access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref> and [[Drug-eluting stents]], [[Bioresorbable stents]] and [[thrombectomy]] devices in India.<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="My Doc Advisor" /><ref name="Medical Tourism" /><ref name="Sehat" /><ref name="Forerunners Healthcare" /> He is known to have contributed to the development of ''Bioresorbable Scaffold (BRS) Stent'' as a member of the Advisory Group.<ref name="Fortis" /> The youngest person to receive a doctoral degree (Honoris Causa) from the [[Banares Hindu University]],<ref name="My Doc Advisor" /> Seth's tally of angioplasty and angiogram performances is noted by the [[Limca Book of Records]] as one of the highest in the world.<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="Medical Tourism" /> He is known to perform Percutaneous Myocardial Laser Revascularization,<ref name="Medical Tourism" /><ref name="Percutaneous Myocardial Laser Revascularization">{{cite journal | title=Percutaneous Myocardial Laser Revascularization | journal=The American Journal of Cardiology | date=2003 | pmid=12633794 | volume=91 | issue=6 | pages=661–6 | vauthors=Gray TJ, Burns SM, Clarke SC, Tait S, Sharples LD, Caine N, Schofield PM| doi=10.1016/s0002-9149(02)03303-9 }}</ref> reported to be among the few cardiologists in the World to perform the procedure.<ref name="My Doc Advisor" /><ref name="Sehat" /><ref name="Forerunners Healthcare" /><br />
<br />
Seth, who is reported to have contributed to reaching the treatment to the poor,<ref name="Dr Ashok Seth, Cardiac Surgery, Fortis Escorts Delhi, NDTV">{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ioPDSZjVLmk | title=Dr Ashok Seth, Cardiac Surgery, Fortis Escorts Delhi, NDTV | publisher=ND TV | work=[[YouTube]] video | date=17 March 2013 | access-date=2 February 2015 | author=Fortis Healthcare}}</ref> is known to have involved in many research activities. His researches are documented by way of over 250 medical papers<ref name="Systemic exposure of everolimus after stent implantation: A pharmacokinetic study">{{cite journal | title=Systemic exposure of everolimus after stent implantation: A pharmacokinetic study |author1=Marcus Wiemer |author2=Ashok Seth |author3=Praveen Chandra |author4=Jo¨rg Neuzner |author5=Gert Richardt |author6=Jan J. Piek |author7=Martin Desaga |author8=Carlos Macaya |author9=Cornelis J. Bol |author10=Karine Miquel-Hebert |author11=Karolien De Roeck |author12=Patrick W. Serruys | journal=Am. Heart J. |date=October 2008 | volume=156 | issue=4 | doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2008.07.005 | pmid=18926156 | pages=751.e1–7}}</ref><ref name="Saphenous vein graft stenting using a novel filter device for distal protection">{{cite journal | title=Saphenous vein graft stenting using a novel filter device for distal protection |vauthors=Schlüter M, Chevalier B, Seth A, Bach R, Farah B, Hauptmann KE, Grube E, Schofer J | journal=Am J Cardiol |date=March 2003 | volume=91 | issue=6 | pages=736–9 | pmid=12633812 | doi=10.1016/s0002-9149(02)03418-5}}</ref><ref name="Utility of Pilot wire in angioplasty of tortuous and highly angulated coronary arteries">{{cite journal | title=Utility of Pilot wire in angioplasty of tortuous and highly angulated coronary arteries |vauthors=Chandra P, Cribier A, Seth A | journal=Catheterization and Cardiovascular Diagnosis | year=1995 | volume=37 |issue=3 | pages=268–70 | pmid=8974804 | doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0304(199603)37:3<268::AID-CCD10>3.0.CO;2-E}}</ref> published in peer reviewed national and international journals.<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="My Doc Advisor" /><ref name="Forerunners Healthcare" /> He has contributed chapters to 10 text books and has edited two text books on cardiology.<ref name="Fortis" /> He has also trained over 350 cardiologists in India and abroad and has performed demonstrations on advanced angioplasty techniques at over 400 international conferences and seminars in Singapore, Malaysia, Paris, China, Australia, Korea and Sri Lanka.<ref name="Fortis" /> His live demonstrations have been transmitted via satellite during the ''Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics'' conference<ref name="Medical Tourism" /> in 2003 and 2007 and at the ''EuroPCR'' in 2003 and 2006.<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="My Doc Advisor" /><br />
<br />
Ashok Seth is involved with many scientific journals. He is a former Associate Editor of ''[[International Journal of Cardiology]]''<ref name="Medical Tourism" /> and sits on the editorial boards of ''Journal American College of Cardiology'',<ref name="Journal American College of Cardiology">{{cite web | url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07351097 | title=Journal American College of Cardiology | date=2015 | access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref> ''Catheterization and Cardiovascular Intervention''<ref name="Catheterization and Cardiovascular Intervention">{{cite journal| url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1522-726X | title=Catheterization and Cardiovascular Intervention | journal=Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions | year=2015 | access-date=3 February 2015| doi=10.1002/(ISSN)1522-726X | doi-access=free | url-access=subscription }}</ref> and ''Euro Intervention''<ref name="Euro Intervention">{{cite web | url=http://www.escardio.org/communities/EAPCI/publications/Pages/EuroIntervention.aspx | title=Euro Intervention | work=2015 | access-date=3 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204172304/http://www.escardio.org/communities/EAPCI/publications/Pages/EuroIntervention.aspx | archive-date=4 February 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref> journals.<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="Medical Tourism" /> Seth is the first Asian to be elected to the Board of Governors of Society of the Cardiac Angiographies and Intervention<ref name="Society of the Cardiac Angiographies and Intervention">{{cite web | url=http://www.scai.org/Default.aspx | title=Society of the Cardiac Angiographies and Intervention | work=2015 | access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref> (USA).<ref name="Fortis" /> He has been a member of the expert committee set up by the society for formulating the guidelines laid down by its position statement, ''Percutaneous Coronary Interventions Without On-Site Surgical Backup''.<ref name="Fortis" /> He is a member of the expert committee of the Directorate General of Health Services under its [[Central Drugs Standard Control Organization]].<ref name="Fortis" /> He also serves as the chief coordinator of the [[Council for Scientific and Industrial Research]] initiative, the NTMLI project for the indigenous manufacture of low cost [[drug-eluting stents]] within the country.<ref name="NTMLI">{{cite web | url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOICH%2F2011%2F03%2F28&ViewMode=HTML&PageLabel=11&EntityId=Ar01101&AppName=1 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204170755/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOICH/2011/03/28&ViewMode=HTML&PageLabel=11&EntityId=Ar01101&AppName=1 | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 February 2015 | title=NTMLI | work=The Times of India| date=2015 | access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards and recognitions==<br />
[[File:Padma Shri India IIIe Klasse.jpg|thumb|70px|Padma Shri India]]<br />
[[File:Spain Order Of Isabella The Catholic.JPG|thumb|70px|Spain Order of Isabella The Catholic]]<br />
[[File:Padma Bhushan India IIe Klasse.jpg|thumb|70px|Padma Bhushan India]]<br />
Ashok Seth is a Fellow of the [[Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh]], the [[Royal College of Physicians of Ireland]] and the [[Royal College of Physicians of London]].<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="My Doc Advisor" /><ref name="Medical Tourism" /><ref name="Sehat" /> Institutions such as the [[American College of Cardiology]], the [[European Society of Cardiology]], the Society of Cardiac Angiography and Intervention, the Cardiological Society of India<ref name="CSI">{{cite web | url=http://www.csi.org.in/index.html | title=CSI | publisher=CSI | date=2015 | access-date=2 February 2015 | archive-date=16 April 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416073022/http://www.csi.org.in/index.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> and the International Medical Sciences Academy have also selected him as their Fellow.<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="My Doc Advisor" /><ref name="Sehat" /> He has received the degree of Doctor of Science (DSc&nbsp;— Honoris Causa) from [[Banaras Hindu University]],<ref name="Medical Tourism" /> [[Teerthanker Mahaveer University]] and [[Amity University, Noida]] and the degree of Doctor of Letters (DLitt&nbsp;— Honoris Causa) from [[Jamia Millia Islamia University]].<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="India Medical Times JMI" /><ref name="Sehat" /><br />
<br />
Seth, a ''Dudley'' Visiting Professor of the [[University of Birmingham]], received the Distinguished Service Award from the [[Indian Medical Association|IMA]] Academy of Medical Specialties in 1994.<ref name="Fortis" /> Two years later, he received the ''Shresth Shree Award'' of the Delhi Citizens' Forum For Civil Rights and the National Award for Outstanding Contribution to Society from the ''All India Khatri Mahasabha''<ref name="Fortis" /> and in 1998, he received the [[Andreas Gruentzig]] Award.<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="Forerunners Healthcare" /> The year 1999 saw him getting two awards, the ''20th Century Award for Achievement'' of [[International Biographical Centre]], Cambridge and the Professional Excellence Award from the National Interventional Council of the Cardiological Society of India.<ref name="Fortis" /> The All India Conference of Intellectuals honoured him with ''Delhi Ratna Award'' in 2000, and he received the [[Indian Medical Association]] Distinguished Interventional Cardiologist Award, the [[Rotary International|Rotary]] Vocational Excellence Award and the IJCP Interventional Cardiologist of the Year Award in 2002.<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="Forerunners Healthcare" /><br />
<br />
The [[Government of India]], in 2003, awarded him the civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]]<ref name="My Doc Advisor" /> and in 2005, he received [[Indian Medical Association|IMA]] NDB Life Time Achievement Award<ref name="Forerunners Healthcare" /> and the DMA Medical Teachers' Award. He was also felicitated by the [[World Heart Federation]], the same year.<ref name="Fortis" /> Delhi Medical Association awarded him again in 2006 with the ''DMA Legend in Interventional Cardiology Award'' and at the World Congress on Clinical and Preventive Cardiology (WCCPC2006), he was awarded the ''Life Time Achievement Award''.<ref name="Fortis" /> The Geriatric Society of India also extended a ''Lifetime Achievement Award'' to him, in 2006.<ref name="Fortis" /><br />
<br />
In the year 2007, he received a citation from the Cardiological Society of India, IMA-NDB Distinguished Service Award, IMA Doctor's Day Award, IMA Magnanimous Award and the World Congress on Clinical and Preventive Cardiology 2007 Lifetime Achievement Award.<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="My Doc Advisor" /> He received the WCCPGC-2008 Lifetime Achievement Award and the 12th Annual MIDI Management Excellence Award in 2008.<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="My Doc Advisor" /> He was awarded the ''Sunday Indian and IIPM Mega Excellence Award'', WCCPGC-2009 Lifetime Achievement Award and IMA Dr. K. Sharan Cardiology Excellence Award in 2009.<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="My Doc Advisor" /> The [[Government of Spain]] included him in the National Day Honours for the [[Order of Isabella the Catholic]] (Crus De Oficial Con Insignia Orden De Isabel La Catolica) in 2010,<ref name="My Doc Advisor" /> the same year as he received the [[Mason Sones]] Award from the Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, USA and the ''Atma Jyoti Award'' from the World Academy of Spiritual Science.<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="My Doc Advisor" /><br />
<br />
The American Association of Cardiologists of Indian Origin (AACIO) recognised Seth's services with their Special Award in 2011 and he received three more awards the same year, Golden Pioneer of Interventional Cardiology Award from the Asian Interventional Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Lifetime Achievement Award by Rotary Club of Delhi, and the Vishisht Bihari Samman from the Bihar Shatabdi Utsav Aayojan Samiti.<ref name="Fortis" /> Delhi Medical association awarded him the title, Vishisht Chikitsa Ratan and the [[Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh]] selected him as the ''Most Glorious Alumni'' in 2012.<ref name="Fortis" /> He received three awards in 2014, Doc N Doc-Gammex Saviour Award, DMA Centenary Award and Hero Lifetime Achievement Award. The [[Government of India]] selected him again for [[Indian honours system|Republic Day Honours]] for the award of [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2015.<ref name="Padma Bhushan" /><ref name="Sehat" /><br />
<br />
Ashok Seth has delivered several Oration Award lectures and Mohan Lal Oration, Dr. Amalendu Das Oration, [[Novartis|Hindustan Ciba Geigy]] Oration, IMA-NDB K. L. Chopra Oration, R. L. Sharma and Padmabhushan R. L. Joshi Memorial Oration, Prof. Raymond Wegmann Oration, Professor G. S. Sainani Oration and S. B. Khurana Memorial Oration are some of them.<ref name="Fortis" /><ref name="My Doc Advisor" /><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
* [[Atherectomy]]<br />
* [[Drug Eluting Stents]]<br />
* [[Ventricular assist device]]<br />
* [[Angioscopy]]<br />
* [[Embolectomy]]<br />
* [[Transmyocardial revascularization]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
{{portal|India|Medicine}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* {{cite journal | title=Systemic exposure of everolimus after stent implantation: A pharmacokinetic study |author1=Marcus Wiemer |author2=Ashok Seth |author3=Praveen Chandra |author4=Jo¨rg Neuzner |author5=Gert Richardt |author6=Jan J. Piek |author7=Martin Desaga |author8=Carlos Macaya |author9=Cornelis J. Bol |author10=Karine Miquel-Hebert |author11=Karolien De Roeck |author12=Patrick W. Serruys | journal=Am. Heart J. |date=October 2008 | volume=156 | issue=4 | doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2008.07.005 | pmid=18926156 | pages=751.e1–7}}<br />
* {{cite journal | title=Saphenous vein graft stenting using a novel filter device for distal protection |vauthors=Schlüter M, Chevalier B, Seth A, Bach R, Farah B, Hauptmann KE, Grube E, Schofer J | journal=Am J Cardiol |date=March 2003 | volume=91 | issue=6 | pages=736–9 | pmid=12633812 | doi=10.1016/s0002-9149(02)03418-5}}<br />
* {{cite journal | title=Utility of Pilot wire in angioplasty of tortuous and highly angulated coronary arteries |vauthors=Chandra P, Cribier A, Seth A | journal=Catheterization and Cardiovascular Diagnosis | year=1995 | volume=37 |issue=3 | pages=268–70 | pmid=8974804 | doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0304(199603)37:3<268::AID-CCD10>3.0.CO;2-E}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ioPDSZjVLmk | title=Dr Ashok Seth, Cardiac Surgery, Fortis Escorts Delhi, NDTV | publisher=[[NDTV]] | work=[[YouTube]] video | date=17 March 2013 | access-date=2 February 2015 | author=Fortis Healthcare}}<br />
* {{cite web | url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/health/health-news/prevention-is-the-best-therapy-for-heart-disease-dr-ashok-seth_7661.html | title=Interview with Smita Mishra | publisher=Zee News | date=12 April 2010 | access-date=2 February 2015}}<br />
* {{cite web | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/backpage/interview-with-dr-ashok-seth-chairman-escorts-heart-institute/articleshow/3426486.cms | title=Economic Times Interview | work=The Economic Times| date=31 August 2008 | access-date=2 February 2015}}<br />
<br />
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Medicine}}<br />
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Seth, Ashok}}<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Indian cardiologists]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in medicine]]<br />
[[Category:Indian medical writers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian medical academics]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Isabella the Catholic]]<br />
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]<br />
[[Category:People named in the Paradise Papers]]<br />
[[Category:1954 births]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prabhavathi&diff=526145Prabhavathi2026-03-06T03:42:20Z<p>Itssuvam: Started New Post</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|1944 film by T. R. Raghunath}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Prabhavathi<br />
| image = Prabhavathi poster.jpg<br />
| alt =<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[T. R. Raghunath]]<br />
| producer = [[Lena Chettiar]]<br />
| writer = <br />
| screenplay = <br />
| story = <br />
| starring = [[Honnappa Bhagavathar|C. Honnappa Bhagavathar]]<br />S. P. L. Dhanalakshmi<br />
| narrator = <br />
| music = <br />
| cinematography = <br />
| editing = <br />
| studio = Krishna Pictures<br />
| distributor = Murugan Talkies<br />
| released = {{film date|1944|08|06|df=y}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
}}<br />
'''''Prabhavathi''''' is a 1944 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language Hindu mythological film directed by [[T. R. Raghunath]] and produced by [[Lena Chettiar]]. The film stars [[Honnappa Bhagavathar]] and S. P. L. Dhanalakshmi. It was released on 6 August 1944, and was not commercially successful.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
{{more plot|date=July 2022}}<br />
The film revolves around the [[Hindus|Hindu]] god [[Krishna]]n, his son [[Pradyumna]]n, the sage [[Narada]]r and his mischief-making activities, Pradyumnan being cursed by a sage into becoming a woman, how he is relieved of the curse due to Krishnan's involvement, and how Pradyumnan and his love interest Mayavathi are reunited.<ref name="BFTP" /><ref name="song book" /><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
<!-- per the songbook --><br />
{{Col-begin|width=60%}}<br />
{{Col-break|width=50%}}<br />
;Male cast<ref name="song book" /><br />
* [[Honnappa Bhagavathar|C. Honnappa Bhagavathar]] as [[Pradyumna]]n<br />
* M. S. Saroja as [[Krishna|Sri Krishnan]]<br />
* [[N. S. Krishnan]] as Haridas<br />
* K. Mahadevan Iyer as [[Narada]]r<br />
* [[R. Balasubramaniam]] as [[Durvasa]]r<br />
* [[D. Balasubramaniam]] as Vajranabhan<br />
* M. Lakshmanan as [[Indra]]n<br />
* [[T. R. Ramachandran]] as Bhadaranadan<br />
* T. V. Namasivayam as [[Vishvamitra]]r<br />
* V. Krishnan as [[Lakshmana]]n<br />
* [[S. V. Sahasranamam]] as [[Shiva]]n<br />
* S. R. Swami as [[Brahma]]<br />
* [[E. R. Sahadevan]] as Sunabhan<br />
* Velayum as Kumbhanabhan<br />
* Kolathu Mani as [[Pujari]]<br />
* Pulimootai Ramaswami Iyer as [[Asura (Hinduism)|Asurar]]<br />
* Thiruvenkitam as Asurar<br />
* Kuppusami as Asurar<br />
* Shankaramoorthi as Asurar<br />
* Chellamuthu as Asurar<br />
* Krishnamoorthi as Asurar<br />
* Chinnasami as Asurar<br />
* Gopal as Asurar<br />
{{Col-break|width=50%}}<br />
;Female cast<ref name="song book" /><br />
* S. P. L. Dhanalakshmi as Prabhavathi<br />
* [[T. R. Rajakumari]] as Mayavathi<br />
* [[T. A. Mathuram]] as Chitralekha<br />
* T. S. Krishna Veni as [[Rukmini|Rukmani]]<br />
* [[P. A. Periyanayaki]] as Kurathi<br />
* P. A. Rajamani as [[Satyabhama]]<br />
* A. R. Sakunthala as [[Ahalya|Ahalikai]]<br />
* [[K. R. Chellam]] as [[Shakti|Shakthi]]<br />
* R. Padma as Rajahamsi<br />
* Rathnam as [[Indrani]]<br />
* T. A. Jayalakshmi as Dancer<br />
* K. R. Jayalakshmi as Dancer<br />
* K. S. Adilakshmi as Dancer<br />
* K. S. Rajam as Dancer<br />
* S. Saraswathi as Dancer<br />
* V. S. Chitti Ammal as Dancer<br />
* R. N. Dhanabhagyam as Dancer<br />
;Supporting cast<ref name="song book" /><br />
* T. D. Krishna Bai<br />
* T. D. Kamala Bai<br />
* P. S. Chandra<br />
* V. Lakshmikantham<br />
{{Col-end}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
''Prabhavathi'' was directed by [[T. R. Raghunath]] and produced by [[Lena Chettiar]], under the production banner Krishna Pictures. [[Krishna]], a male character, was played by Raghunath's wife M. S. Saroja.<ref name="BFTP" /><ref name="song book" /><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Song !! Singer !! Length<br />
|-<br />
| "Jegathambikaiye" || S. P. L. Dhanalakshmi || 02:47<br />
|-<br />
| "Neeyethunai Devathi Deva" || K. Mahadevan Iyer ||<br />
|-<br />
| "Nallor Paninthida Ullang Kaninthidum" || K. Mahadevan Iyer ||<br />
|-<br />
| "Varuvare Varuvare" || [[T. R. Rajakumari]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| "Engum Eppozhutham Vilaiyatta"|| [[C. Honnappa Bhagavathar]], K. Mahadevan Iyer, T. R. Rajakumari ||<br />
|-<br />
| "Karthikai Vilakku" || [[T. A. Mathuram]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| "Ododi Vasantham Poovodu Sambandam" || T. R. Rajakumari, C. Honnappa Bhagavathar ||<br />
|-<br />
| "Kanatha Kashikanden" || S. P. L. Dhanalakshmi || 02:20<br />
|-<br />
| "Gomatha Neeye Adharame Shri Gomatha" || T. R. Rajakumari ||<br />
|-<br />
| "Thiruvadi Malarale Ezhai" || A. R. Sakunthala ||<br />
|-<br />
| "Mathival Yar Chollum Mathavame" || Background Music ||<br />
|-<br />
| "Vanithaiyivil Gauthaman Manaivirama" || T. V. Namasivayam ||<br />
|-<br />
| "Usiravangathe Yindha Odambu Thangadhe" || [[N. S. Krishnan]], T. A. Mathuram || 02:50<br />
|-<br />
| "Nilavo Alathu Mugamo" || C. Honnappa Bhagavathar, S. P. L. Dhanalakshmi ||<br />
|-<br />
| "Maran Varuki" || Dance Music ||<br />
|-<br />
| "Marumalithai Soodumthirumal Magan Enge" || T. R. Rajakumari ||<br />
|-<br />
| "Thirumathu Valar Ponnadu Ennadu" || [[P. A. Periyanayaki]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| "Vellimalai Kethirai" || P. A. Periyanayaki || 02:50<br />
|-<br />
| "Chandravathana Enthanmathana" || S. P. L. Dhanalakshmi, C. Honnappa Bhagavathar ||<br />
|-<br />
| "En Thadumarugindrai" || K. Mahadevan Iyer || 02:24<br />
|-<br />
| "Chithamirangatha Madha" || C. Honnappa Bhagavathar || 02:45<br />
|-<br />
| "Vanavargal Thuyartheera Makitasarar" || C. Honnappa Bhagavathar ||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Release and reception ==<br />
''Prabhavathi'' was released on 6 August 1944, and was distributed by Murugan Talkies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 August 1944 |title=Prabhavathi |pages=3 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19440806&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=28 January 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The film was not a commercial success, but film historian [[Randor Guy]] said it would be "Remembered for being one of the early movies of the glamour girl Rajakumari".<ref name="BFTP" /><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references><br />
<br />
<ref name="BFTP">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=10 December 2011 |title=Prabhavathi 1942 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/prabhavathi-1942/article2704053.ece |url-status=live |access-date=17 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017110559/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/prabhavathi-1942/article2704053.ece |archive-date=17 October 2016}}</ref><br />
<ref name="song book">{{Cite book |url=http://mininoolaham.blogspot.com/2022/03/prabhavathi-1942.html |title=பிரபாவதி |publisher=Krishna Pictures |year=1944 |language=ta |type=[[song book]] |access-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623101136/http://mininoolaham.blogspot.com/2022/03/prabhavathi-1942.html |archive-date=23 June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
</references><br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*{{IMDb title|id=0258890}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1944 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1944 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1944 films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by T. R. Raghunath]]<br />
[[Category:Films produced by Lena Chettiar]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu mythological films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=D._Ramanaidu&diff=457173D. Ramanaidu2026-03-03T02:29:37Z<p>Itssuvam: correct intro and cleaned formatting</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian film producer (1936–2015)}}<br />
{{family name hatnote|Daggubati|lang=Telugu}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = D. Ramanaidu<br />
| image = RamaNaidu.jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = Daggubati Ramanaidu<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1936|06|06|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Karamchedu]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]<br />(now in [[Andhra Pradesh]], India)<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2015|02|18|1936|06|06|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], India<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| occupation = [[Film producer]]<br />
| spouse = Rajeshwari <br />
| children = 3 including [[D. Suresh Babu]], [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]]<br />
| awards = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Padma Bhushan]] (2012)<br />
* [[Dadasaheb Phalke Award]] (2009)}}<br />
| relatives = See [[Daggubati–Akkineni family]]<br />
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]<br />
| constituency = [[Bapatla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bapatla]]<br />
| termstart = 6 October 1999<br />
| termend = 16 May 2004<br />
| predecessor = [[N. Janardhana Reddy]]<br />
| successor = [[Daggubati Purandeswari]]<br />
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Daggubati Ramanaidu''' (6 June 1936 – 18 February 2015) was an Indian film producer known for his work in [[Telugu cinema]]. He founded [[Suresh Productions]] in 1964 which became of one of the largest film production companies in India.<ref>{{cite web |date=3 December 2010 |title=Cinema exhibitors say future looks bleak with multiplex entry |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-corporate/article1027579.ece |access-date=27 July 2012 |publisher=[[Business Line]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=29 September 2004 |title=Telugu film industry to set up monitoring cells to curb piracy |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2004/09/29/stories/2004092902631700.htm |access-date=27 July 2012 |publisher=[[Business Line]]}}</ref> He was one of the most influential movie moguls in [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rama Naidu: Movie mogul who modernised film-making in the south |newspaper=The Hindu |date=18 February 2015 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movie-mogul-who-modernised-filmmaking-in-the-south/article6909753.ece}}</ref> He was placed in the ''[[Guinness World Records|Guinness Book of World Records]]'' for the most films produced by an individual, with more than 150 films in all official [[Languages of India|Indian languages]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakravarthy |first=Venkatesh |date=2015-03-04 |title=Dream merchant |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/obituary/dream-merchant/article6951600.ece |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |language=en}}</ref> He also served as a [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] for the [[Bapatla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bapatla constituency]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]] in the [[13th Lok Sabha]] from 1999 to 2004.<br />
<br />
In 2012, Ramanaidu was conferred with the third-highest civilian award of India, the [[Padma Bhushan]], in recognition for his contribution to Indian cinema.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/regional/veteran-southern-producer-d-rama-naidu-gets-padma-bhushan_126902.html|title=Veteran southern producer D. Rama Naidu gets Padma Bhushan|work=Zee News|date=26 January 2013}}</ref> In 2009, he was conferred with the [[Dada Saheb Phalke Award]], the highest award for films in Indian cinema. He has also received the [[Raghupathi Venkaiah Award]], and the [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South]] for his work in [[Telugu cinema]]. Ramanaidu contributed a substantial part of his earnings to numerous philanthropic purposes under the "Ramanaidu Charitable Trust" that was founded in 1991.<ref>{{cite news|title=Of course, I am happy with the award. And I am equally happy that I am still doing films|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Padma-Bhushan-for-Rama-Naidu/articleshow/18189778.cms|access-date= 26 January 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 January 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Daggubati Ramanaidu was born on 6 June 1936<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.takkari.net/2015/02/tollywood-producer-daggubati-rama-naidu.html?m=1 |title=Veteran Producer No More |access-date=February 18, 2015 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218143816/http://www.takkari.net/2015/02/tollywood-producer-daggubati-rama-naidu.html?m=1 |archive-date=18 February 2015 |df=dmy }}</ref> in a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] [[Kamma (caste)|Kamma]] family in [[Karamchedu]], a village in [[Prakasam district]] in the present day [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name=rediff>{{cite web|last1=Rajamani|first1=Radhika|title=D Ramanaidu: From rice grower to number one filmmaker|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/d-ramanaidu-from-rice-grower-to-number-one-filmmaker/20150218.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=18 February 2015|access-date=19 February 2015}}</ref> He completed his schooling in the village and had his college education in [[Chirala]] and later graduated from [[Presidency College, Chennai]].<ref name=hans>{{cite news|title=Ramanaidu's epic journey|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-02-19/Ramanaidus-epic-journey-132375|access-date=19 February 2015|work=[[The Hans India]]|date=19 February 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
He started his career as a rice-mill owner and later got into the transport business.<ref name="IE1">{{cite news|title=Dadasaheb Phalke Awardee Dr Ramanaidu Passes Away|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/Dadasaheb-Phalke-Awardee-Dr-Ramanaidu-Passes-Away/2015/02/19/article2675728.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220003714/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/Dadasaheb-Phalke-Awardee-Dr-Ramanaidu-Passes-Away/2015/02/19/article2675728.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 February 2015|access-date=19 February 2015|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=19 February 2015}}</ref> During this time, his father joined with a relative and co-produced the Telugu film ''[[Nammina Bantu]]'' (1958), starring [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] and [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]]. He performed the dupe of Nageswara Rao in the film. Nageswara Rao advised him to go to [[Madras]] (now Chennai) and work with film-makers.<ref name="hans" /> He closed down his rice mill as he was not happy with it, and moved to Madras in 1962. He intended to start a brick business, but later switched to real estate. His frequent visits to the "Andhra Club" got him acquainted with the Telugu film fraternities.<ref name="rediff" /><br />
<br />
==Film career==<br />
In 1963, Ramanaidu partnered with his friends Tagirisa Hanumantha Rao, Yarlagadda Lakshmaiah Chowdary and co-produced the commercially unsuccessful ''Anuragam'' (1963). Following that, he established his own production house [[Suresh Productions]], and produced ''[[Ramudu Bheemudu]]'' (1964).<ref name=rediff /> Until the early 1970s, he kept to Telugu cinema and made films such as ''Pratigna Palana'' (1965), ''Sri Krishna Tulabharam'' (1966), ''Shree Janma'' (1967), ''Paapa Kosam'' (1968) and ''Sepoy Chinnaiah'' (1969). ''Ramudu Bheemudu'' remained his only box office success during this period.<ref name=hans /> While in Madras, he partnered with [[B. Nagi Reddy]]'s sons and formed a company called "Vijaya Suresh Combines" and made some films under that house.<ref name=rediff /><br />
<br />
In 1971, he produced ''[[Prem Nagar (1971 film)|Prem Nagar]]'', starring [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] and [[Vanisri]]. The film went on to become a "blockbuster" and its success prompted Tamil and Hindi remakes entitled ''[[Vasantha Maligai]]'' (1972) and ''[[Prem Nagar (1974 film)|Prem Nagar]]'' (1974), respectively. Both versions were produced by him and became equally successful.<ref name="hans" /> ''Namma Kuzhaindagal'', ''Tirumangalyam'', ''Madhurageetham'', ''[[Kuzhanthaikkaga]]'' and ''[[Deivapiravi (1985 film)|Deivapiravi]]'' are some of his Tamil productions that were made during the 1970s and 80s.<ref name="rediff" /><br />
<br />
As all the studios were based in Madras at that date, he started "Ramanaidu Studios" in [[Hyderabad]] with the help of the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|state government]] in 1983.<ref name="DFF">{{cite web|title=46th National Film Festival|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm46NFAAward.aspx|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|access-date=19 February 2015|pages=62–63|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203091624/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm46NFAAward.aspx|archive-date=3 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="hindu1">{{cite news|last1=Reddy|first1=R. Ravikanth|title=Legendary filmmaker Ramanaidu is no more|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/cine-producer-ramanaidu-no-more/article6909040.ece|access-date=19 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 February 2015}}</ref> While frequently making films in Telugu and Tamil, he branched out into the [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]], [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]], [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]], [[Cinema of Maharashtra|Marathi]], [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]], [[Oriya cinema|Oriya film]], [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati]], [[Bhojpuri cinema|Bhojpuri]], [[Assamese cinema|Assamese]] and [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi]] industries.<ref>{{cite news|title='D Ramanaidu: From rice grower to number one filmmaker'|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/d-ramanaidu-from-rice-grower-to-number-one-filmmaker/20150218.htm}}</ref> His Hindi films include ''[[Dildaar]]'', ''[[Tohfa]]'', ''[[Anari (1993 film)|Anari]]'', ''[[Hum Aapke Dil Mein Rehte Hain]]'' and ''[[Aaghaaz]]''.<ref name="rediff" /><br />
<br />
As of 2015, he had made more than 130 films in 13 [[Languages of India|Indian languages]]. The feat earned him a place in the ''[[Guinness Book of World Records]]'' in 2008.<ref name="HT">{{cite news|last1=Burman|first1=Jivraj|title=D Rama Naidu enters Guinness book|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional/d-rama-naidu-enters-guinness-book/article1-267196.aspx|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150219195311/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional/d-rama-naidu-enters-guinness-book/article1-267196.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 February 2015|access-date=19 February 2015|work=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=4 January 2008}}</ref> Ramanaidu also acted in a few films, mostly his own productions. He played a full-length role for the first time in the 2007 Telugu film ''[[Hope (2006 film)|Hope]]''. The film, which dealt with teenage suicides arising out of educational stress among students, won the [[National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues|award for Best Film on Other Social Issues]] at the [[54th National Film Awards]].<ref>{{cite news|title='We would have won more national awards'|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/we-would-have-won-more-national-awards/article1277749.ece|access-date=19 February 2015|work=The Hindu|date=15 June 2008}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Family and personal life==<br />
{{Main|Akkineni–Daggubati family}}<br />
Ramanaidu got married in 1958 and had three children, two sons and a daughter. His elder son [[D. Suresh Babu]] is a producer and his younger son [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] is an actor in Telugu cinema.<ref name=DFF /> He had eight grandchildren, two of whom – [[Rana Daggubati|Rana]] and [[Naga Chaitanya]] – are actors in Telugu cinema.<ref name=rediff /><br />
<br />
Ramanaidu was a member of the [[Telugu Desam Party]] and represented [[Bapatla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baptala constituency]] of [[Guntur district]] in the [[13th Lok Sabha]] from 1999 to 2004. He lost the 2004 election for the same seat in the [[14th Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/03/21/stories/2009032155210500.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324085301/http://www.hindu.com/2009/03/21/stories/2009032155210500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 March 2009 |title=Keen contest on the cards in Bapatla |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 March 2009 |access-date=23 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/13/stories/2009041354990500.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417062302/http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/13/stories/2009041354990500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 April 2009 |title=Ramanaidu denies joining Congress |date=13 April 2009 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=23 January 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards and honors==<br />
[[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Bhushan Award to Dr. D. Ramanaidu, at an Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on April 05, 2013.jpg|thumb|President [[Pranab Mukherjee]] presenting the Padma Bhushan Award to Ramanaidu, at an Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on 5 April 2013]]<br />
<br />
'''Civilian Honors'''<br />
*[[Padma Bhushan]] - 2012<br />
<br />
'''[[National Film Awards]]'''<br />
*[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali]] – ''[[Asukh]]'' (1999)<ref name=DFF /><br />
*[[National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues]] - ''[[Hope (2006 film)|Hope]]'' (2006)<br />
*[[Dadasaheb Phalke Award]] - 2009<ref name=hindu1/><br />
<br />
'''[[Nandi Awards]]'''<br />
* [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film]] - ''Andhra Vaibhavam''{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}<br />
* [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film]] - ''[[Preminchu]]'' (2001)<ref name=TOI>{{cite news|last1=Rao|first1=Sushil|title=Ramanaidu was a filmmaker like no other| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ramanaidu-was-a-filmmaker-like-no-other/articleshow/46292840.cms?|access-date=20 February 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 February 2015}}</ref><br />
* [[Raghupathi Venkaiah Award]] - 2006<ref>{{cite news|title=NTR award for Waheeda Rehman|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/article1230659.ece|access-date=19 February 2015|work=The Hindu|date=1 April 2008}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''Tamil Nadu State Film Awards'''<br />
*[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film]] (Third prize) – ''[[Namma Kuzhanthaigal]]'' (1970)<ref name=Anandan>{{cite book|last=Anandan|first=Film News|title=Sadhanaigal Padaitha Thamizh Thiraipada Varalaru (Tamil film history and its achievements)|year=2004|language=ta|publisher=Sivagami Publications|page=7−19}}</ref><br />
*Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film (Second prize) – ''Madhurageetham'' (1977)<ref name=Anandan /><br />
<br />
'''[[Filmfare Awards South]]'''<br />
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Telugu Film]] – ''[[Jeevana Tarangalu]]'' (1973)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/21st-annual-filmfare-awards-south-winners | title=21st Annual Filmfare Awards South Winners | date=6 August 2024 }}</ref><br />
*Filmfare Award for Best Telugu Film – ''[[Soggadu (1976 film)|Soggadu]]'' (1976)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/sobhan-received-best-actor-award-for-soggadu | title=Sobhan Received Best Actor Award for Soggadu | date=3 January 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/1976-filmfare-telugu-winners | title=1976 Filmfare Telugu Winners | date=15 November 2022 }}</ref><br />
*[[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South]] (2000)<ref>{{cite web|title=Lifetime Achievement Award (South) winners down the years...|url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/lifetime-achievement-award-south-winners-down-the-years-6684.html|website=[[Filmfare]]|date=10 July 2014|access-date=20 February 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''Other Honors'''<br />
* [[Honorary doctorate]] from [[Sri Venkateswara University]], [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupati]]<ref>{{cite web|title=D. Ramanaidu: Multilingual film producer dies in Hyderabad|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-and-current-affairs/story/multilingual-film-producer-d-ramanaidu-dies-in-hyderabad-240883-2015-02-18|website=[[India Today]]|access-date=19 February 2015|date=18 February 2015|archive-date=1 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001212959/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/multilingual-film-producer-d.-ramanaidu-dies-in-hyderabad/1/419622.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Death==<br />
In January 2014, it was reported that Ramanaidu had been diagnosed with [[prostate cancer]]. He died on 18 February 2015, at the age of 78, in [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]].<ref name=IE>{{cite news|title=D Ramanaidu, Dadasaheb Phalke award winner, passes away|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/veteran-film-producer-d-ramanaidu-passes-away/|access-date=18 February 2015|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=18 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=H Hooli|first1=Shekhar|title=Telugu Producer D Rama Naidu Passes Away: Movie Mogul's Death Shocks Tollywood Celebs|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/telugu-producer-d-rama-naidu-passes-away-movie-moguls-death-shocks-celebs-fans-623854|website=[[International Business Times]]|access-date=18 February 2015|date=18 February 2015}}</ref> All of the big [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] contemporaries like [[Chiranjeevi]], [[Nandamuri Balakrishna|Balakrishna]], [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]], [[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]], [[Ravi Teja]], [[K. Raghavendra Rao]], [[Mahesh Babu]], [[Pawan Kalyan]], [[Ram Charan]], [[Allu Arjun]], and [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.|NTR Jr.]] paid their last respects to him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/daggubati-venkatesh-nagarjuna-chiranjeevi-ravi-teja-pay-their-last-respect-to-late-movie-mogul-d-ramanaidu-475551/|title=Daggubati Venkatesh, Nagarjuna, Chiranjeevi, Ravi Teja pay their last respect to late movie mogul D Ramanaidu|date=19 February 2015|website=Bollywood Life}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Partial filmography==<br />
<br />
===Telugu===<br />
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}<br />
* ''[[Ramudu Bheemudu]]''<br />
* ''[[Pratiganapalana]]''<br />
* ''[[Prema Nagar]]''<br />
* ''[[Jeevana Tarangalu]]''<br />
* ''[[Chakravakam (1974 Telugu film)|Chakravakam]]''<br />
* ''[[Soggadu (1976 film)|Soggadu]]''<br />
* ''[[Agni Poolu (film)|Agni Poolu]]''<br />
* ''[[Devata (1982 film)|Devata]]''<br />
* ''[[Mundadugu]]''<br />
* ''[[Sangharshana]]''<br />
* ''[[Kathanayakudu (1984 film)|Kathanayakudu]]''<br />
* ''[[Kaliyuga Pandavulu]]''<br />
* ''[[Ramu (1987 film)|Ramu]]''<br />
* ''[[Aha Naa Pellanta (1987 film)|Aha Naa Pellanta]]''<br />
* ''[[Chinababu]]''<br />
* ''[[Brahma Puthrudu]]''<br />
* ''[[Prema (1989 film)|Prema]]''<br />
* ''[[Indrudu Chandrudu]]''<br />
* ''[[Bobbili Raja]]''<br />
* ''[[Coolie No. 1 (1991 film)|Coolie No. 1]]''<br />
* ''[[Super Police]]''<br />
* ''[[Dharma Chakram]]''<br />
* ''Oho Naa Pellanta''<br />
* ''[[Preminchukundam Raa]]''<br />
* ''[[Ganesh (1998 film)|Ganesh]]''<br />
* ''[[Preyasi Rave]]''<br />
* ''[[Kalisundam Raa]]''<br />
* ''[[Jayam Manadera]]''<br />
* ''[[Preminchu]]''<br />
* ''[[Nee Premakai]]''<br />
* ''[[Nuvvu Leka Nenu Lenu]]''<br />
* ''[[Hari Villu]]''<br />
* ''[[Vijayam (film)|Vijayam]]''<br />
* ''[[Neeku Nenu Naaku Nuvvu]]''<br />
* ''[[Malliswari (2004 film)|Malliswari]]''<br />
* ''[[Soggadu (2005 film)|Soggadu]]''<br />
* ''[[Nireekshana (2005 film)|Nireekshana]]''<br />
* ''[[Sri Krishna 2006]]''<br />
* ''[[Madhumasam]]''<br />
* ''[[Tulasi (2007 film)|Tulasi]]''<br />
* ''[[Kousalya Supraja Rama (2008 film)|Kousalya Supraja Rama]]'' <br />
* ''[[Baladoor]]''<br />
* ''[[Bendu Apparao R.M.P]]''<br />
* ''[[Aalasyam Amrutam]]''<br />
* ''[[Mugguru]]''<br />
* ''[[Masala (2013 film)|Masala]]''<br />
* ''[[Nenem…Chinna Pillana?]]''<br />
* ''[[Bhimavaram Bullodu]]''<br />
* ''[[Drushyam]]''<br />
* ''[[Gopala Gopala (2015 film)|Gopala Gopala]]''<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Tamil===<br />
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}<br />
* ''[[Vasantha Maligai]]''<br />
* ''[[Thanikattu Raja]]''<br />
* ''[[Kuzhanthaikkaga]]'' (1968)<br />
* ''[[Deivapiravi (1985 film)|Deivapiravi]]'' (1985)<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Hindi===<br />
*''[[Dildaar]]''<br />
*''[[Tohfa]]''<br />
*[[Anari (1993 film)|''Anari'']]<br />
*''[[Hum Aapke Dil Mein Rehte Hain]]''<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Daggubati Ramanaidu}}<br />
*{{IMDb name|0619656|D. Rama Naidu}}<br />
<br />
{{Dadasaheb Phalke Award}}<br />
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}<br />
{{Raghupathi Venkaiah Award Recipients}}<br />
{{FilmfareLifetimeAchievementAwardSouth}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramanaidu, Daggubati}}<br />
[[Category:1936 births]]<br />
[[Category:2015 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Akkineni–Daggubati family|D. Ramanaidu]]<br />
[[Category:Dadasaheb Phalke Award recipients]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]<br />
[[Category:Film producers from Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:People from Prakasam district]]<br />
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]<br />
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil film producers]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu film producers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:Deaths from prostate cancer in India]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kerala_Police_FC&diff=509292Kerala Police FC2026-02-28T18:27:02Z<p>Itssuvam: Put up new stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian association football club}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=June 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox football club<br />
| clubname = Kerala Police FC<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = 250px<br />
| fullname = Kerala Police Football Club<br />
| nickname = <br />
| founded = {{start date and age|1984}}<br />
| short name = KPFC <br> KP<br />
| ground = [[Chandrasekharan Nair Stadium]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala Police |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/team/keralapolice.html |website=Indianfootball.de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051120124759/http://www.indianfootball.de/team/keralapolice.html |archive-date=20 November 2005 |url-status=dead |access-date=20 June 2021 }}</ref><br />
| capacity = 25,000<br />
| owner = [[Kerala Police]]<br />
| mgrtitle = Head coach<br />
| manager = Siddik Vayakkarerakath<br />
| league = [[Kerala Premier League]]<br />
| season = <br />
| position = <br />
| current = <br />
| pattern_la1 = <br />
| pattern_b1 = _whitecollar<br />
| pattern_ra1 = <br />
| pattern_sh1 = <br />
| pattern_so1 = <br />
| leftarm1 = 006400<br />
| body1 = 98FB98<br />
| rightarm1 = 006400<br />
| shorts1 = 98FB98<br />
| socks1 = 98FB98<br />
| pattern_la2 = _blackborder<br />
| pattern_b2 = _blackcollar<br />
| pattern_ra2 = _blackborder<br />
| pattern_sh2 = _blackborder<br />
| pattern_so2 = <br />
| leftarm2 = 1C1CF0<br />
| body2 = 1C1CF0<br />
| rightarm2 = 1C1CF0<br />
| shorts2 = 000000<br />
| socks2 = 000000<br />
| pattern_la3 = _blackborder<br />
| pattern_b3 = _blackcollar<br />
| pattern_ra3 = _blackborder<br />
| pattern_sh3 = _yellowsides<br />
| pattern_so3 = _redtop<br />
| leftarm3 = FEDF00<br />
| body3 = FEDF00<br />
| rightarm3 = FEDF00<br />
| shorts3 = 808080<br />
| socks3 = 000000<br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Kerala Police Football Club''' is an Indian institutional [[football (soccer)|football]] club based in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], that competes in the [[Kerala Premier League]], the fifth tier of the [[Indian football league system]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/kerala-premier-league-football/article66157240.ece|title=Kerala Premier League to begin on November 24|website=thehindu.com|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|location=Kochi|first=Stan|last=Rayan|date=19 November 2022|access-date=19 March 2023|archive-date=15 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215033910/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/kerala-premier-league-football/article66157240.ece}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala Police |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/team/keralapolice.html |website=Indianfootball.de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051120124759/http://www.indianfootball.de/team/keralapolice.html |archive-date=20 November 2005 |url-status=dead |access-date=20 June 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala Police |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/indian-football-kerala-police-federation-cup/1ljikndkrvf0c1glbrfuh9ujnb |website=Goal |access-date=2021-06-20 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205620/https://www.goal.com/en/news/indian-football-kerala-police-federation-cup/1ljikndkrvf0c1glbrfuh9ujnb |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Kerala Police|url= https://thefangarage.com/articles/17902-kerala-premier-league-to-begin-on-6th-march-read-the-full-fixtures|website= thefangarage|date= 26 February 2021|access-date= 20 June 2021|archive-date= 24 June 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202800/https://thefangarage.com/articles/17902-kerala-premier-league-to-begin-on-6th-march-read-the-full-fixtures|url-status= live}}</ref> It is the first club from Kerala to win the [[List of Indian football champions#National Cup winners|Federation Cup]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In 1984, the then Kerala Director General of Police (DGP) thought it would be a good idea to form a football team for the police department. He not only realized the potential of the talent pool available in the state, but also wanted to bring in a positive image of the people when thinking of the department.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala Police |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/indian-football-kerala-police-federation-cup/1ljikndkrvf0c1glbrfuh9ujnb |website=Goal |access-date=2021-06-20 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205620/https://www.goal.com/en/news/indian-football-kerala-police-federation-cup/1ljikndkrvf0c1glbrfuh9ujnb |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Kerala Police Football Team is governed by the [[Kerala Police]] and has won the [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] twice. In 1996-97 they participated in the inaugural edition of [[1996–97 National Football League (India)|National Football League]]. In 1998 they took part in the first edition of [[National Football League Second Division (India)|NFL 2nd Division]]. Over the years they played several times in the Federation Cup and [[Durand Cup]]. In 2014-15 they reached the final of Kerala Premier League, but were defeated by [[SBI Kerala (football team)|SBT]]. In 2019-20 they reached the league semifinal.<br />
<br />
==Honours==<br />
*'''[[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=6148|title=From the history book, roll of honour|date=10 January 2015|access-date=12 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109234522/https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=6148|archive-date=9 January 2015|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=All India Football Federation|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
**Winners (2): [[Federation Cup (India)|1990]], [[Federation Cup (India)|1991]]<br />
*'''[[Kerala State Club Football Championship]]'''<br />
**Winners (6): 1985, 1987,1995, 1998, 2014, 2016<br />
**Runners-up (5): 1990, 1993, 1994, 1996, 2013<br />
* '''[[Mohan Kumar Mangalam Football Tournament]]'''<br />
**Winners (1): 2017<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-24|title=Marwad beats Akola 3-0 on third day at MKM Football|url=https://udaipurtimes.com/sports/marwad-beats-akola-30-on-third-day-at-mkm-football/c74416-w2859-cid103197-s10704.htm|access-date=2022-01-02|website=udaipurtimes.com|language=hi|archive-date=2 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102055129/https://udaipurtimes.com/sports/marwad-beats-akola-30-on-third-day-at-mkm-football/c74416-w2859-cid103197-s10704.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=PIFA|title=PIFA men reach semi finals of MKM tournament, Udaipur. {{!}} PIFA {{!}} Premier India Football Academy {{!}} The Best Indian Football Academy|url=http://pifa.co.in/2017/02/03/pifa-men-reach-semi-finals-of-mkm-tournament-udaipur/|access-date=2022-01-02|language=en-GB|archive-date=2 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102055130/http://pifa.co.in/2017/02/03/pifa-men-reach-semi-finals-of-mkm-tournament-udaipur/}}</ref><br />
* '''[[DCM Trophy]]'''<br />
** Runners-up (1): 1954<br />
* '''[[Scissors Cup]]'''<br />
** Runners-up (1): 1993<br />
<br />
==Statistics and records==<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Season<br />
! [[Kerala Premier League|KPL]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | [[2013–14 Kerala Premier League|2013–14]]<br />
| align="center" | Group stage<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | [[2014–15 Kerala Premier League|2014–15]]<br />
| align="center" | Final<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | [[2015–16 Kerala Premier League|2015–16]]<br />
| align="center" | Group stage <br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | [[2016–17 Kerala Premier League|2016–17]]<br />
| align="center" | Group stage<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | [[2017–18 Kerala Premier League|2017–18]]<br />
| align="center" | Group stage<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | [[2018–19 Kerala Premier League|2018–19]]<br />
| align="center" | Pulled out<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | [[2019–20 Kerala Premier League|2019–20]]<br />
| align="center" | Semifinal <br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | [[2020–21 Kerala Premier League|2020–21]]<br />
| align="center" | Group stage <br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | [[2021–22 Kerala Premier League|2021–22]]<br />
| align="center" | Group stage<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | [[2022–23 Kerala Premier League|2022–23]]<br />
| align="center" | Group stage<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | [[2023–24 Kerala Premier League|2023–24]]<br />
| align="center" | Semi Finals<br />
|}<br />
;Key<br />
*Pos. = Position in league<br />
*Attendance/G = Average league attendance<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Football in Kerala]]<br />
* [[List of football clubs in India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Football in Kerala}}<br />
{{Kerala Sports}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Football clubs in Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Police football clubs in India]]<br />
[[Category:Kerala Police]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=DTamil&diff=495217DTamil2026-02-23T13:55:14Z<p>Itssuvam: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Short description|Indian Tamil-language television channel}}<br />
{{hatnote|Not to be confused with [[D. Tamil Kumaran]] (An Indian Cricketer).}}<br />
{{Infobox television channel<br />
| name = Discovery Tamil<br />
| launch_date = 1 April 2003; 22 years ago<br />
| logo = Discovery tamil logo.png<br />
| owner = [[Warner Bros. Discovery India]]<br />
| headquarters = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br />
| former_names = Discovery 12 (2003-2011)<br>Discovery Tamil<br />
| sister_channels = ''See [[List of channels owned by Warner Bros. Discovery in India]]''<br />
| website = <br />
| picture_format =[[576i]] SD <br />
| area = Indian subcontinent<br />
| terr_serv_1 = [[DVB-T2]] (India)<br />
| terr_chan_1 = Check local frequencies<br />
| availability_note = - Available on all major Indian DTH & Cables.<br />
| online_serv_1 = [[Discovery+]]<br /><small>(India)</small><br />
| online_chan_1 = Live TV<br />
| online_serv_2 = [[Jio TV]]<br /><small>(India)</small><br />
| online_chan_2 = Live TV<br />
| online_serv_3 = Amazon Prime Video<br /><small>(India)</small><br />
| online_chan_3 = Live TV<br />
}}<br />
'''DTamil''' (stylized as '''Dதமிழ்''') is an Indian [[pay television]] channel owned by [[Warner Bros. Discovery India]]. Launched on 1 April 2003. The channel is the separate [[Tamil language|Tamil]] dedicated channel of [[Discovery Channel (Indian TV channel)|Discovery Channel]] formerly known as Discovery 12 and Discovery Tamil.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/31348_Discovery-Networks-goes-full-throttle-launches-Discovery-Channel-Tamil|title=Discovery Networks goes full throttle; launches Discovery 12 is rebranded into Discovery Channel Tamil|website=www.afaqs.com|language=en|access-date=2018-02-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://ultra.news/t-t/48193/discovery-becomes-first-channel-to-support-all-south-indian-languages|title = Discovery becomes first channel to support all South Indian languages|date = 12 August 2019|access-date = 8 November 2023|archive-date = 5 November 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211105153844/https://ultra.news/t-t/48193/discovery-becomes-first-channel-to-support-all-south-indian-languages|url-status = dead}}</ref> Warner Bros. revamped The channel and starting September 16, 2024 the channel started telecasting hollywood movies and series in tamil.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |author=<!--staff writer-->|date=2024-09-16 |title=Warner Bros Discovery revamps DTamil with blockbusters, superhero shows |url=https://indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/regional/warner-bros-discovery-revamps-dtamil-with-blockbusters,-superhero-shows-240916 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=indiantelevision.com |language=en}}</ref> The channel can be viewed on digital cable and satellite television in India. The channel is also available on its OTT services [[Discovery+|Discovery Plus]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/technology/discovery-launches-streaming-app-discovery-plus-at-subscription-fee-of-rs-299-per-annum/1900015/|title=Discovery launches streaming app Discovery Plus at subscription fee of Rs 299 per annum|date=2020-03-17|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-08-14 |title=Discovery Channel to complete 20 years in India on 15 August |url=https://indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/factual-and-documentary/discovery-channel-to-complete-20-years-in-india-on-15-august-150814 |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=indiantelevision.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The channel was launched on 1 April 2003 as ''Discovery 12''<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
On 15 August 2011 the channel rebranded itself to Discovery Channel Tamil. The channel became first <ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
On 1 October 2013 the channel rebranded itself with new logo and launched a programming line-up that includes 20 brand new programmes and six new seasons of popular shows.<ref>{{Cite web |author=<!--staff writer--> |publisher=BestMediaInfo Bureau|date=2013-09-30 |title=Discovery Tamil gets a fresh new look, unveils new logo: Best Media Info |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2013/09/discovery-tamil-gets-a-fresh-new-look-unveils-new-logo |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=www.bestmediainfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Discovery Tamil gets a fresh new look, unveils new logo |url=https://bollywoodhelpline.com/news/news-gossips/media-buzz/forwarded/2780 |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=bollywoodhelpline.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 17 April 2021 on the occasion of [[Tamil New Year]] the channel changed its logo to the latest one and introduced new shows.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dதமிழ் (D TAMIL) to unveil new logo with actress Tamannaah Bhatia - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/d-d-tamil-to-unveil-new-logo-with-actress-tamannaah-bhatia-112293.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakrabarty |first=Shreoshree |date=2021-04-14 |title=Dதமிழ் (D TAMIL) unveils brand-new avatar this Tamil New Year |url=https://www.mediainfoline.com/brand/d%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D-d-tamil-unveils-brand-new-avatar-this-tamil-new-year |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Media Infoline |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-17 |title=D Tamil undergoes rebranding, launches two new shows |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/regional/d-tamil-undergoes-rebranding-launches-two-new-shows-210417 |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=www.indiantelevision.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
From September 2025, the channel primarily focuses on broadcasting Tamil dubbed Hollywood movies, instead of its infotainment shows<ref>{{Cite web |last=MediaInfoline |date=2024-09-16 |title=DTamil Channel Revamped: Bringing the Best of Hollywood |url=https://www.mediainfoline.com/brand/dtamil-channel-revamped-bringing-the-best-of-hollywood-and-global-tv-to-tamil-viewers |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=Media Infoline |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Programming ==<br />
===Current Programming (as of sep 16 2024)===<br />
Source:<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
1 Superhero Sagasangal ( Flash, arrow, legends of tomorrow, supernatural etc)<br />
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2. Hollywood saravedi ( Suicide squad 2016, drunken master 2, horrible bosses 2 etc)<br />
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3. Matinee magic ( Sherlock holmes, Rush hour, The Nun etc)<br />
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4. Thigil Sunday ( House of wax, Nightmare at the Elm Street etc. )<br />
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5. Man vs Wild<br />
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6. Ghost brothers<br />
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7. Toddlers and Tiaras<br />
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8. Decoding disaster<br />
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9. Bert The Conqueror<br />
<br />
Before September 15, 2024:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Discovery Tamil Schedule |url=https://tvwiz.in/app/app/channelBrowse/%7B%7BtwitterCard.ogUrl%7D%7D |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=TVwiz}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=PEOTV Discovery Tamil Program Schedules - Sri Lanka Telecom PEOTV |url=https://www.peotv.com/tvguide/channel/discovery-tamil/101 |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=www.peotv.com}}</ref><br />
* ''[[Bert the Conqueror|Bert The Conqueror]]''<ref name=":0" /><br />
* ''[[Chopped Junior]]''<ref name=":0" /><br />
* ''Chutties Baking Championship''<ref name=":0" /><br />
* ''[[Cutthroat Kitchen]]''<ref name=":0" /><br />
* ''[[Food Factory]]''<ref name=":0" /><br />
* ''Factory Made''<ref name=":0" /><br />
* ''[[Food Paradise]]''<ref name=":0" /><br />
* ''Galatta Kitchen''<ref name=":0" /><br />
* ''How Do Animals Do That?''<ref name=":0" /><br />
* ''[[Man vs. Wild]]''<ref name=":0" /><br />
* ''[[Tanked]]''<ref name=":0" /><br />
* ''[[Toddlers & Tiaras]]''<ref name=":0" /><br />
* ''Vegas Chef Prizefight''<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
===Original Shows===<br />
This is the list of shows produced by Discovery India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Discovery Channel India - Here is the schedule of all the “India Revealed” shows to be aired on Discovery Channel India at 8 PM starting tomorrow. Share it with your friends and get ready to explore our country with us.|url=https://www.facebook.com/DiscoveryChannelIndiaOfficial/photos/a.418641814862406/804733622919888/ |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
* ''Chadar, the Ice Trail''<br />
* ''Everest: Indian Army Women's Expedition''<br />
* ''Ganges''<br />
* ''Journey of India''<br />
* ''India's Best Jobs''<br />
* ''[[India's Citizen Squad]]''<br />
* ''India: Living Traditions/Medical Miracle India''<br />
* ''[[India's Ultimate Warrior]]''<br />
* ''Revealed: Rashtrapati Bhavan''<br />
* ''[[Revealed: The Golden Temple]]''<br />
* ''Revealed: The Line of Control''<br />
* ''Revealed: National Defense Academy''<br />
* ''Revealed: Rann of Kutch''<br />
* ''The Discovery of India''<br />
*''Veer by Discover''<br />
* ''Wildest India''<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Animal Planet India | Animal Planet]]<br />
* [[Cartoon Network India | Cartoon Network]]<br />
* [[Discovery Channel India | Discovery]]<br />
* [[Pogo TV | Pogo]]<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
{{Warner Bros. Discovery}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Discovery Channel|India]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language television stations]]<br />
[[Category:Television stations in Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:2003 establishments in Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Warner Bros. Discovery India]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strabo&diff=450385Strabo2026-02-18T08:10:30Z<p>Itssuvam: Article updated with improved flow</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Greek geographer, philosopher and historian (64/63 BC–c.24 AD)}}<br />
{{about|the Greek geographer|other people called "Strabo"|Strabo (disambiguation)}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Strabo<br />
| native_name = Στράβων<br />
| image = Strabo.jpg<br />
| image_size = 220px<br />
| caption = 16th-century engraving of Strabo<br />
| birth_date = 64 or 63 BC<br />
| birth_place = {{longitem|[[Amasya|Amaseia]], [[Kingdom of Pontus|Pontus]]<br/>({{small|modern-day}} [[Amasya]], Turkey)}}<br />
| death_date = {{circa|lk=no}}&nbsp;AD&nbsp;24<br>(aged c. 87)<br />
| death_place = [[Roman Empire]]<!--more specific location needed--><br />
| occupation = [[Geographer]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Strabo'''<ref group="n">''Strabo'' (meaning "squinty", as in [[strabismus]]) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed. The father of [[Pompey]] was called "[[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo|Pompeius Strabo]]". A native of Sicily so clear-sighted that he could see things at great distance as if they were nearby was also called "Strabo".</ref> ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|t|r|eɪ|b|oʊ}}; {{langx|el|Στράβων|Strábōn}}; 64 or 63 BC{{snd}}{{circa|24 AD|lk=no}}) was an [[ancient Greece|ancient Greek]] [[geographer]] who lived in [[Anatolia|Asia Minor]] during the transitional period of the [[Roman Republic]] into the [[Roman Empire]]. He is best known for his work ''[[Geographica]]'', which presented a descriptive history of people and places from different regions of the world known during his lifetime.<ref name="StraboGeogVIII" /> Additionally, Strabo authored historical works, but only fragments and quotations of these survive in the writings of other authors.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
[[File:Strabon Rerum geographicarum 1620.jpg|thumb|upright=1.05|Title page from [[Isaac Casaubon]]'s 1620 edition of ''[[Geographica]]'']]<br />
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Strabo was born to an affluent family from [[Amasya|Amaseia]] in [[Kingdom of Pontus|Pontus]] in around 64{{nbsp}}BC.<ref name="Purcell2014">{{cite book|last=Purcell|first=Nicholas|editor1-first=Simon |editor1-last=Hornblower|editor2-first=Antony |editor2-last=Spawforth|editor3-first= Esther |editor3-last=Eidinow|title=The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AIgdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA757|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-870677-9|page=757|chapter=Strabo|chapter-url = http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198706779.001.0001/acref-9780198706779-e-602}}</ref> His family had been involved in politics since at least the reign of [[Mithridates IV of Pontus|Mithridates V]].<ref name="BianchettiCataudella2015">{{cite book|last1=Bianchetti|first1=Serena |last2=Cataudella|first2=Michele |last3=Gehrke|first3=Hans-Joachim |title=Brill's Companion to Ancient Geography: The Inhabited World in Greek and Roman Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=to8DCwAAQBAJ|date=4 December 2015|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden|isbn=978-90-04-28471-5}}</ref> Strabo was related to [[Dorylaeus]] on his mother's side. Several other family members, including his paternal grandfather, had served [[Mithridates VI of Pontus|Mithridates&nbsp;VI]] during the [[Mithridatic Wars]]. As the war drew to a close, Strabo's grandfather had turned several [[Kingdom of Pontus|Pontic]] fortresses over to the Romans.<ref name="Mayor2011">{{cite book|first=Adrienne|last=Mayor|title=The Poison King: The Life and Legend of Mithradates, Rome's Deadliest Enemy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dKnFZa4LNjQC&pg=PR9|date=March 2011|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-15026-0|pages=9–}}</ref> Strabo wrote that "great promises were made in exchange for these services", and, as [[Persian Empire|Persian]] culture endured in Amaseia even after Mithridates and [[Tigranes the Great#Wars against Rome|Tigranes]] were defeated, scholars have speculated about how the family's support for Rome might have affected their position in the local community and whether they might have been granted [[Roman citizenship]] as a reward.<ref name="BianchettiCataudella2015"/><br />
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==Education==<br />
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Strabo studied under several prominent teachers of various specialities throughout his early life. He mentions all or most of his teachers as prominent citizens of their own respective cities, at different stops during his Mediterranean travels. The first chapter of his education took place in [[Nysa on the Maeander|Nysa]] (modern [[Sultanhisar]], Turkey) under the master of rhetoric [[Aristodemus of Nysa the Younger|Aristodemus]], the grandson of the famous [[Posidonius]], whose influence is manifest in Strabo's ''Geography''. Aristodemus had formerly taught the sons of the Roman general who had taken over Pontus. This also highlights the international trend of the era that Greek intellectuals would often instruct the Roman elite. Aristodemus was the head of two schools of rhetoric and grammar, one in Nysa and one in [[Rhodes]]. The school in Nysa possessed a distinct intellectual curiosity in Homeric literature and the interpretation of the ancient Greek epics. Strabo was an admirer of [[Homer]]'s poetry, perhaps as a consequence of his time spent in Nysa with Aristodemus. <br />
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He was influenced by [[Hecataeus of Miletus|Hecataeus]] and [[Aristotle]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Strabo|title=Strabo &#124; Greek geographer and historian|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> <br />
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At around the age of 21 Strabo moved to Rome, in 44&nbsp;BC, and stayed there, studying and writing, until at least 31&nbsp;BC. He studied philosophy with the [[Peripatetic school|Peripatetic]] [[Xenarchus]], a highly respected tutor in Augustus's court. Despite Xenarchus's Aristotelian leanings, Strabo later showed evidence of developing his own [[Stoicism|Stoic]] inclinations, largely influenced by his future teacher Athenodorus, who was also the tutor of [[Augustus]]. In Rome, he also learned grammar under the wealthy and renowned scholar [[Tyrannion of Amisus]]. Thus completing his traditional Greek aristocratic education in rhetoric, grammar, and philosophy. Tyrannion was known to have befriended [[Cicero]] and taught his nephew, Quintus. Although Tyrannion was also a Peripatetic, he was more relevantly a respected authority on geography, a fact of some significance considering Strabo's future contributions to the field.<br />
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The final noteworthy mentor to Strabo was [[Athenodorus Cananites]], a philosopher who had spent his life since 44&nbsp;BC in Rome forging relationships with the Roman elite. Athenodorus passed onto Strabo his philosophy, his knowledge and his contacts. Unlike the Aristotelian Xenarchus and Tyrannion who preceded him in teaching Strabo, Athenodorus was a [[Stoicism|Stoic]] and almost certainly the source of Strabo's diversion from the philosophy of his former mentors. Moreover, from his own first-hand experience, Athenodorus provided Strabo with information about regions of the empire which Strabo would not otherwise have known about.<br />
The first of Strabo's major works, ''Historical Sketches'' (''Historica hypomnemata''), written while he was in Rome ({{Circa|20&nbsp;BC}}), is nearly completely lost. Meant to cover the history of the known world from the conquest of Greece by the Romans, it was quoted by Strabo himself and other classical authors mention that it existed, although the only surviving document is a fragment of papyrus now in the possession of the [[University of Milan]] (renumbered [Papyrus]&nbsp;46).<br />
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==Career==<br />
[[File:Nuremberg chronicles f 094r 1.png|thumb|upright=1.15|Strabo as depicted in the [[Nuremberg Chronicle]]]]<br />
Strabo's life was characterized by extensive travels. He journeyed to [[Egypt]] and [[Kingdom of Kush|Kush]], as far west as the coastal region of [[Tuscany]], and as far south as [[Ethiopia]], in addition to his travels in [[Asia Minor]] and the time he spent in [[Rome]]. Travel throughout the Mediterranean and Near East, especially for scholarly purposes, was popular during this era and was facilitated by the [[Pax Romana|relative peace]] enjoyed throughout the reign of [[Augustus]] (27&nbsp;BC – AD&nbsp;14). In 29&nbsp;BC, on his way to [[Corinth]] (where Augustus was at the time), he visited the island of [[Gyaros]] in the Aegean Sea. Around 25&nbsp;BC, he sailed up the [[Nile]] until he reached [[Philae]],<ref group="n">Accompanied by prefect of Egypt Aelius Gallus, who had been sent on a military mission to Arabia.</ref> after which point there is little record of his travels until AD 17.<br />
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[[File:Statue of Strabo in Amasia.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|Statue of Strabo in his hometown (modern-day [[Amasya]], Turkey)]]<br />
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It is not known precisely when Strabo's ''Geography'' was written, though comments within the work itself place the finished version within the reign of Emperor [[Tiberius]]. Some place its first drafts around 7&nbsp;BC,<ref name="StraboGeogI">{{cite book|author=Strabo|translator=Horace Leonard Jones|url=https://archive.org/stream/L049StraboGeographyI/L049-Strabo%20Geography%20I#page/n23 |title=Geography|publisher= William Heinemann|location= London|date= 1917|page= xxv–xxvi|volume=I}}</ref> others around AD&nbsp;17<ref>Sarah Pothecary, ''[http://www.strabo.ca/when.html When was the Geography written?]''</ref> or AD&nbsp;18.<ref name="StraboGeogI"/> The latest passage to which a date can be assigned is his reference to the death in AD&nbsp;23 of [[Juba&nbsp;II]], king of Maurousia ([[Mauretania]]), who is said to have died "just recently".<ref name="StraboGeogVIII">{{cite book|author=Strabo|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.57232/2015.57232.Geography-Of-Strabo-Vol-8#page/n99/search/Menelaus|title=Geography|date=1949|publisher=William Heinemann|volume=VIII Book XVII|location=London|page=95|translator=Horace Leonard Jones|section=34}}</ref> He probably worked on the ''Geography'' for many years and revised it steadily, but not always consistently. It is an encyclopaedic chronicle and consists of political, economic, social, cultural, and geographic descriptions covering almost all of Europe and the Mediterranean: Britain and Ireland, the Iberian Peninsula, Gaul, Germania, the Alps, Italy, Greece, Northern Black Sea region, Anatolia, Middle East, Central Asia and North Africa. The ''Geography'' is the only extant work providing information about both Greek and Roman peoples and countries during the reign of Augustus.<ref name="LCL">{{Cite book |author1=Strabo |title=Strabo, Geography, Volume I: Books 1–2 |date=n.d. |publisher=W. Heinemann |isbn=9780674990555 |access-date=8 September 2018 |url= https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL049/1917/volume.xml }}</ref><br />
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On the presumption that "recently" means within a year, Strabo stopped writing that year or the next (AD&nbsp;24), at which time he is thought to have died. <br />
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==Work==<br />
===''Geographica''===<br />
{{Very long|section|date=March 2025}}<br />
{{Main|Geographica}}<br />
[[File:C+B-Geography-Map1-StrabosMap.PNG|thumb|upright=1.6|Map of the world according to Strabo]]<br />
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Strabo is best known for his work ''Geographica'' ("Geography"), which presented a descriptive history of people and places from different regions of the world known during his lifetime.<ref name="StraboGeogVIII"/><br />
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[[File:Map of Europe according to Strabo.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Map of Europe according to Strabo]]<br />
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Although the ''Geographica'' was rarely used by contemporary writers, a multitude of copies survived throughout the [[Byzantine Empire]]. It first appeared in Western Europe in Rome as a Latin translation issued around 1469. The [[Editio princeps|first printed edition]] was published in 1516 in [[Venice]].<ref>Geographie, Band 1, Strabo, S.17, Strabo, Karl Kärcher, Gottlieb Lukas Friedrich Tafel, Christian Nathanael Osiander, Gustav Schwab, Verlag Metzler, 1831.</ref> [[Isaac Casaubon]], classical scholar and editor of Greek texts, provided the first critical edition in 1587.<br />
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Although Strabo cited the classical Greek astronomers [[Eratosthenes]] and [[Hipparchus]], acknowledging their astronomical and mathematical efforts covering geography, he claimed that a descriptive approach was more practical, such that his works were designed for statesmen who were more anthropologically than numerically concerned with the character of countries and regions.<ref>{{cite book|editor-first=Daniela|editor-last=Dueck|title=The Routledge Companion to Strabo|publisher=Routledge|location=Abingdon|year=2017|isbn=978-1-31744-586-9|page=2}}</ref><br />
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As such, ''Geographica'' provides a valuable source of information on the ancient world of his day, especially when this information is corroborated by other sources. He travelled extensively, as he says: "Westward I have journeyed to the parts of Etruria opposite Sardinia; towards the south from the [[Euxine]] [Black Sea] to the borders of Ethiopia; and perhaps not one of those who have written geographies has visited more places than I have between those limits."<ref>{{Cite web |title=LacusCurtius • Strabo's Geography — Book II Chapter 5 (§§ 1‑17) |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/2E1*.html#5.11 |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref><br />
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It is not known when he wrote ''Geographica'', but he spent much time in the famous library in [[Alexandria]] taking notes from "the works of his predecessors". A first edition was published in 7&nbsp;BC and a final edition no later than 23&nbsp;AD, in what may have been the last year of Strabo's life. It took some time for ''Geographica'' to be recognized by scholars and to become a standard.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enotes.com/topics/strabo/critical-essays|title=Strabo Critical Essays - eNotes.com|website=eNotes}}</ref> <br />
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Alexandria itself features extensively in the last book of ''Geographica'', which describes it as a thriving port city with a highly developed local economy.<ref>Strabo, Geography 17.1.6, 7, 8, 13; translated by Brent Shaw. Attained from: E.A. Pollard, C. Rosenberg, and R.L. Tignor, et al. Worlds Together, Worlds Apart, Concise, Volume One: Beginnings through the Fifteenth Century (W.W. Norton, 2015) Pg. 228</ref> Strabo notes the city's many beautiful public parks, and its network of streets wide enough for chariots and horsemen. "Two of these are exceeding broad, over a [[plethron]] in breadth, and cut one another at right angles ... All the buildings are connected one with another, and these also with what are beyond it."<ref name="Davis1912">{{cite book|last=Davis|first=William Stearns |author-link=William Stearns Davis|title=Reading in Ancient History |url=https://archive.org/stream/readingsinancie01davigoog#page/n346/search/alexandria|volume=I: Greece and the East|year=1912|publisher=Allyn and Bacon|location=Boston|pages=325–329}}</ref><br />
[[File:DracoDussumieri-1.jpg|thumb|Underside of a female indian flying lisard showing the "wing" or patagium that is usually supported by six elongated ribs. ]]<br />
Lawrence Kim observes that Strabo is<ref name="Kim2010">{{cite book|last=Kim|first=Lawrence |title=Homer between History and Fiction in Imperial Greek Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K7Bg3zRom6QC&pg=PA83|year=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-49024-5|page=83}}</ref> "... pro-Roman throughout the Geography. But while he acknowledges and even praises Roman ascendancy in the political and military sphere, he also makes a significant effort to establish Greek primacy over Rome in other contexts."<br />
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In [[Europe]], Strabo was the first to connect the [[Danube]] (which he called Danouios) and the Istros – with the change of names occurring at "the cataracts," the modern [[Iron Gates]] on the Romanian/Serbian border.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsqJDwAAQBAJ&q=Serbs+in+Strabo&pg=PA163|title = Ancient Geography: The Discovery of the World in Classical Greece and Rome|isbn = 9780857725660|last1 = Roller|first1 = Duane W.|date = 27 August 2015| publisher=Bloomsbury }}</ref><br />
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In [[India]], a country he never visited, Strabo described small flying reptiles that were long with snake-like bodies and bat-like wings (this description matches the Indian flying lizard ''[[Draco dussumieri]]''), winged scorpions, and other mythical creatures along with those that were actually factual.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibiblio.org/britishraj/Jackson9/chapter01.html|title = Chapter 1 – Account of India by the Greek Writer Strabo}}</ref><br />
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===Geology===<br />
[[Charles Lyell]], in his ''[[Principles of Geology]]'', wrote of Strabo:<ref>{{cite book|last=Lyell|first=Charles|url=https://archive.org/details/principlesgeolo01unkngoog|title=Principles of Geology|date=1832|publisher=[[John Murray (publishing house)|John Murray]]|pages=[https://archive.org/details/principlesgeolo01unkngoog/page/n42 20]–21|author-link=Charles Lyell}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{blockquote|<br />
Strabo…enters largely, in the Second Book of his ''[[Geographica|Geography]]'', into the opinions of [[Eratosthenes]] and other Greeks on one of the most difficult problems in geology, ''viz''., by what causes marine shells came to be plentifully buried in the earth at such great elevations and distances from the sea.<br />
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He notices, amongst others, the explanation of [[Xanthus (historian)|Xanthus]] the Lydian, who said that the seas had once been more extensive, and that they had afterwards been partially dried up, as in his own time many lakes, rivers, and wells in Asia had failed during a season of drought. Treating this conjecture with merited disregard, Strabo passes on to the hypothesis of [[Strato of Lampsacus|Strato]], the natural philosopher, who had observed that the quantity of mud brought down by rivers into the Euxine [Black Sea] was so great, that its bed must be gradually raised, while the rivers still continued to pour in an undiminished quantity of water. He therefore conceived that, originally, when the Euxine was an inland sea, its level had by this means become so much elevated that it burst its barrier near Byzantium, and formed a communication with the [[Propontis]] [Sea of Marmara], and this partial drainage had already, he supposed, converted the left side into marshy ground, and that, at last, the whole would be choked up with soil. So, it was argued, the Mediterranean had once opened a passage for itself by the [[Columns of Hercules]] into the Atlantic, and perhaps the abundance of sea-shells in Africa, near the Temple of [[Jupiter (mythology)#Syncretic or geographical epithets|Jupiter]] [[Amun|Ammon]], might also be the deposit of some former inland sea, which had at length forced a passage and escaped.<br />
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But Strabo rejects this theory as insufficient to account for all the phenomena, and he proposes one of his own, the profoundness of which modern geologists are only beginning to appreciate. 'It is not,' he says, 'because the lands covered by seas were originally at different altitudes, that the waters have risen, or subsided, or receded from some parts and inundated others. But the reason is, that the same land is sometimes raised up and sometimes depressed, and the sea also is simultaneously raised and depressed so that it either overflows or returns into its own place again. We must, therefore, ascribe the cause to the ground, either to that ground which is under the sea, or to that which becomes flooded by it, but rather to that which lies beneath the sea, for this is more moveable, and, on account of its humidity, can be altered with great celerity. It is proper,' he observes in continuation, '''to derive our explanations from things which are obvious, and in some measure of daily occurrences, such as deluges, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and sudden swellings of the land beneath the sea;'' for the last raise up the sea also, and when the same lands subside again, they occasion the sea to be let down. And it is not merely the small, but the large islands also, and not merely the islands, but the continents, which can be lifted up together with the sea; and both large and small tracts may subside, for habitations and cities, like Bure, Bizona, and many others, have been engulfed by earthquakes.'<br />
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In another place, this learned geographer [Strabo], in alluding to the tradition that Sicily had been separated by a convulsion from Italy, remarks, that at present the land near the sea in those parts was rarely shaken by earthquakes, since there were now open orifices whereby fire and ignited matters and waters escaped; but formerly, when the volcanoes of [[Mount Etna|Etna]], the [[Lipari Islands]], [[Ischia]], and others, were closed up, the imprisoned fire and wind might have produced far more vehement movements. The doctrine, therefore, that volcanoes are safety valves, and that the subterranean convulsions are probably most violent when first the volcanic energy shifts itself to a new quarter, is not modern.<br />
}}<br />
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=== Fossil formation ===<br />
Strabo commented on fossil formation mentioning [[Nummulite]] (quoted from [[Celâl Şengör]]):<ref name="StraboGeogVIII"/><blockquote>One extraordinary thing which I saw at the pyramids must not be omitted. Heaps of stones from the quarries lie in front of the pyramids. Among these are found pieces which in shape and size resemble lentils. Some contain substances like grains half peeled. These, it is said, are the remnants of the workmen's food converted into stone; which is not probable. For at home in our country (Amaseia), there is a long hill in a plain, which abounds with pebbles of a porous stone, resembling lentils. The pebbles of the sea-shore and of rivers suggest somewhat of the same difficulty [respecting their origin]; some explanation may indeed be found in the motion [to which these are subject] in flowing waters, but the investigation of the above fact presents more difficulty. I have said elsewhere, that in sight of the pyramids, on the other side in Arabia, and near the stone quarries from which they are built, is a very rocky mountain, called the Trojan mountain; beneath it there are caves, and near the caves and the river a village called Troy, an ancient settlement of the captive Trojans who had accompanied Menelaus and settled there.</blockquote><br />
<br />
=== Volcanism ===<br />
Strabo commented on [[volcanism]] ([[effusive eruption]]) which he observed at [[Katakekaumene]] (modern [[Kula (volcano)|Kula]], Western Turkey). Strabo's observations predated [[Pliny the Younger]] who witnessed the eruption of [[Mount Vesuvius]] on 24 August AD&nbsp;79 in [[Pompeii]]:<ref name="StraboGeogVI">{{cite book|author=Strabo|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.gov.ignca.2918/2918#page/n191/search/Dionysus+|title=Geography|date=1950|publisher=William Heinemann|volume=VI Book XIII|location=London|page=183|translator=Horace Leonard Jones|section=11}}</ref><blockquote>…There are no trees here, but only the vineyards where they produce the Katakekaumene wines which are by no means inferior from any of the wines famous for their quality. The soil is covered with ashes, and black in colour as if the mountainous and rocky country was made up of fires. Some assume that these ashes were the result of thunderbolts and subterranean explosions, and do not doubt that the legendary story of [[Typhon]] takes place in this region. Ksanthos adds that the king of this region was a man called Arimus. However, it is not reasonable to accept that the whole country was burned down at a time as a result of such an event rather than as a result of a fire bursting from underground whose source has now died out. Three pits are called "Physas" and separated by forty stadia from each other. Above these pits, there are hills formed by the hot masses burst out from the ground as estimated by a logical reasoning. Such type of soil is very convenient for [[viniculture]], just like the Katanasoil which is covered with ashes and where the best wines are still produced abundantly. Some writers concluded by looking at these places that there is a good reason for calling Dionysus by the name ("Phrygenes").</blockquote><br />
<br />
==Editions==<br />
*{{cite book |editor-first=Augustus |editor-last=Meineke |editor-link=Augustus Meineke |title=Strabonis Geographica |location=Lipsiae |publisher=B.G. Teubneri |date=1877}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Strabo |title=Strabonis Geographica. Recens. G. Kramer. Ed. minor |year=1852 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BXICAAAAQAAJ |editor-first=Gustav|editor-last=Kramer}}<br />
* {{cite book |title=Strabons Geographika: mit Übersetzung und Kommentar |year=2002–2011 |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |location=Göttingen |editor-first=Stefan|editor-last=Radt}} Volumes 1–4 text and translation ([https://archive.org/details/strabon-geographie-8-radt-2009_202104/Radt%20%28Hg.%29%20Strabons%20Geographika%201/mode/2up Vol 1], [https://archive.org/details/strabon-geographie-8-radt-2009_202104/Strabon_Geographie_2_Radt_2003/ Vol 2]), Volumes 5–8 commentary ([https://archive.org/details/strabon-geographie-8-radt-2009_202104/Strabon_Geographie_6_Radt_2007/ Vol 6], [https://digi20.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00083885_00003.html Vol 7], [https://digi20.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00090847_00002.html Vol 8]), Volume 9 text of the [[Epitome]] and of the [[Chrestomathy]] ([https://digi20.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00096857_00002.html Vol 9]), Volume 10 index.<br />
*Jones, H. L., transl. (1917). ''The Geography of Strabo''. London: Heinemann. In eight volumes: [[iarchive:geographyofstrab00stra/page/n7|Vol 1]]; [[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.57226/page/n3|Vol 2]]; [[iarchive:in.gov.ignca.2915/page/n3|Vol 3]]; [[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.57228/page/n5|Vol 4]]; [[iarchive:geographyofstrab05strauoft/page/n6|Vol 5]]; [[iarchive:geographyofstrab06strauoft/page/n8|Vol 6]]; [[iarchive:geographyofstrab07strauoft/page/n10|Vol 7]]; [[iarchive:geographyvolumev00stra/page/n7|Vol 8]].<br />
*''Strabo's Geography'' in three volumes as translated by H.C. Hamilton and W. Falconer, ed. by H.G. Bohn, 1854–1857<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[De situ orbis from Albi|''De situ orbis'' from Albi]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
===Notes===<br />
{{Reflist|group="n"}}<br />
<br />
===Citations===<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
===Bibliography===<br />
{{refbegin|indent=yes}}<br />
*{{cite web |title=Biography of Strabo |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0004%3Aid%3Dstrabo |publisher=Tufts}}<br />
*{{cite book |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |year=1998 |pages=296–297 |edition=15th |chapter=Strabo}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Diller |first=A. |title=The Textual Tradition of Strabo's Geography |year=1975 |location=Amsterdam |publisher=Hakkert}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Dueck |first=Daniela |title=Strabo of Amasia: Greek Man of Letters in Augustan Rome |year=2000 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York}}<br />
*{{cite book |title=Strabo's Cultural Geography: The Making of a Kolossourgia |year=2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |editor=Dueck, D. |editor2=H. Lindsay |editor3=S. Pothecary}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Lindberg |first=David C. |title=The Beginnings of Western Science The European Scientific Tradition in Philosophical, Religious, and Institutional Context, Prehistory A.D. 1450 |year=2008 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |edition=2nd}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Roller |first=Duane |title=The Geography of Strabo: An English Translation, with Introduction and Notes |year=2014 |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
===Further reading===<br />
{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}<br />
* [[Wolfgang Aly|Aly, Wolfgang]] (1957). ''Strabon von Amaseia. Untersuchungen über Text, Aufbau und Quellen der Geographika'' [Strabon of Amaseia. Studies on the text, structure and sources of the Geographika]. Bonn: Habelt.<br />
* Biraschi, Anna Maria; Salmieri, Giovanni (eds) (2005). ''Strabone e l'Asia Minore.'' Studi di Storia e di Storiografia. Naples: Edizione Scientifiche Italiane.<br />
* Braund, David. 2006. "Greek Geography and Roman Empire: The Transformation of Tradition in Strabo's Euxine." In ''Strabo's Cultural Geography: The Making of a Kolossourgia.'' Edited by Daniela Dueck, Hugh Lindsay, and Sarah Pothecary, 216–234. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.<br />
* Clarke, Katherine. 1997. "In Search of the Author of Strabo's Geography." ''Journal of Roman Studies'' 87:92–110.<br />
* Diller, Aubrey. 1975. ''The Textual Tradition of Strabo's Geography.'' Amsterdam: Hakkert.<br />
* Dueck, Daniela (2017). ''The Routledge companion to Strabo.'' London/New York: Routledge, {{ISBN|978-1-138-90433-0}}.<br />
* Engels, Johannes (1999). ''Augusteische Oikumenegeographie und Universalhistorie im Werk Strabons von Amaseia'' [Augustean oikumene geography and universal history in the work of Strabon of Amaseia]. Geographica Historica, vol. 12. Stuttgart: Steiner, {{ISBN|3-515-07459-7}}.<br />
* Kuin, Inger N.I. 2017. "Rewriting Family History: Strabo and the Mithridatic Wars." ''Phoenix'' 71.1-2: 102–118.<br />
* Lightfoot, Jessica (2025). ''Strabo''. London: Bloomsbury.<br />
* Olshausen, Eckart (2022). ''[https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/60260 Strabon von Amaseia].'' Hildesheim: Olms, {{ISBN|978-3-487-16269-0}}.<br />
* Pothecary, Sarah. 1999. "Strabo the Geographer: His Name and its Meaning." ''Mnemosyne'', 4th ser. 52.6: 691–704<br />
* Richards, G. C. 1941. "Strabo: The Anatolian who Failed of Roman Recognition." ''Greece and Rome'' 10.29: 79–90.<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Library resources box |by=yes |onlinebooks=yes |others=yes |about=yes |label=Strabo<br />
|viaf= |lccn= |lcheading= |wikititle= }}<br />
* {{Commons category-inline|Strabo}}<br />
* {{Wikiquote-inline}}<br />
* {{Wikisourcelang-inline|el|Στράβων}}<br />
* [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/home.html ''Geography''] (Loeb Classical Library, H.&nbsp;L.&nbsp;Jones translation)<br />
* [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/searchresults?q=+at+Strabo Works by Strabo at Perseus Digital Library]<br />
* [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0004:alphabetic+letter=S:entry+group=8:entry=strabo Biography of Strabo]<br />
* {{Gutenberg author | id=42968}}<br />
* [http://awmc.unc.edu/awmc/applications/strabo/ Map of the Toponyms in the Geography of Strabo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131034002/http://awmc.unc.edu/awmc/applications/strabo/ |date=2023-01-31 }}<br />
* {{Internet Archive author}}<br />
<br />
{{Ancient Greek astronomy}}<br />
{{Amasya District}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:60s BC births]]<br />
[[Category:24 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:1st-century BC historians]]<br />
[[Category:Ancient Greek geographers]]<br />
[[Category:Ancient Roman geographers]]<br />
<!--[[Category:Roman-era Greeks]] is parent of:--><br />
[[Category:Greek-language historians from the Roman Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Ancient Pontic Greeks]]<br />
[[Category:People from Amasya]]<br />
[[Category:Roman Pontus]]<br />
[[Category:Historians from Roman Anatolia]]<br />
[[Category:1st-century geographers]]<br />
[[Category:1st-century BC geographers]]<br />
[[Category:1st-century historians]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=PTC_Punjabi_Film_Awards_2020&diff=523526PTC Punjabi Film Awards 20202026-02-14T22:04:47Z<p>Itssuvam: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox film awards<br />
| number = 10<br />
| award = PTC Punjabi Film Awards<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = Trophy<br />
| awarded_for = excellence in [[Punjabi cinema]]<br />
| award_org = <br />
| presenting_org = [[PTC Punjabi]]<br />
| announced_date = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --><br />
| presented_date = {{Start date|2020|5|29}}<br />
| date = {{Start date|2020|7|3}}<br />
| site = <br />
| host = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[Gurpreet Ghuggi]]<br />
* [[Divya Dutta]]<br />
* [[Harish Verma]]<br />
* [[Gurnam Bhullar]]<br />
* [[Mandy Takhar]]{{efn|Hosted curtain-raiser.}}}}<br />
| preshow = <br />
| producer = <br />
| director = <br />
| organizer = <br />
| magazine_issue = <br />
| website = {{Official website|www.ptcpunjabifilmawards.in}}<br />
| lifetime_achievement = [[Priti Sapru]]<br />
| best_picture = <!-- or best_film --><br />
| best_film = ''[[Ardaas Karaan (film)|Ardaas Karaan]]''<br />
| best_film_jury_choice = ''[[Guddiyan Patole]]''<br />
| best_film_viewers_choice = <br />
| best_feature = <br />
| best_non_feature = <br />
| best_british = <br />
| best_drama_serial_popular = <br />
| best_drama_serial = <br />
| best_direction = [[Gippy Grewal]]<br />
| best_direction_film = ''Ardaas Karaan''<br />
| best_actor = [[Gurpreet Ghuggi]] & [[Diljit Dosanjh]]<br />
| best_actor_film = ''Ardaas Karaan'' & ''[[Shadaa]]''<br />
| best_actress = [[Sonam Bajwa]]<br />
| best_actress_film = ''[[Ardab Mutiyaran]]''<br />
| best_book = <br />
| best_critic = <br />
| gold_award = <br />
| hall_of_fame = <br />
| free_award_type = Best Actor critics'<br />
| free_award = [[Amrinder Gill]]<br />''[[Chal Mera Putt]]''<br />
| most_awards = ''Ardaas Karaan'' (6)<br />
| most_nominations = ''[[Sikander 2]]'' (13)<br />
| channel = [[PTC Punjabi]]<br />
| network = PTC Network<br />
| duration = <br />
| viewership = <!-- or ratings --><br />
| ratings = <!-- or viewership --><br />
| last = [[PTC Punjabi Film Awards 2019|9th]]<br />
| next = 11th<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''10th PTC Punjabi Film Awards''' ceremony, presented by [[PTC Punjabi]], honored the best [[List of Punjabi films of 2019|Punjabi films of 2019]], and was held online. It was the first time the award was held online, due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. The curtain raiser for the awards was held on 29 May 2020 on [[PTC Punjabi]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kapoor|first=Diksha|date=2020-05-21|title=PTC Punjabi Film Awards 2020: Witness The Award Ceremony Online|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/ptc-punjabi-film-awards-2020-witness-the-award-ceremony-online/|access-date=5 June 2020|website=[[PTC Punjabi]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The award ceremony was online on 3 July 2020, and was hosted by [[Gurpreet Ghuggi]], [[Divya Dutta]], [[Harish Verma]], and [[Gurnam Bhullar]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nath|first=Rajan|date=2020-06-27|title=PTC Punjabi Film Awards 2020: Divya Dutta and Gurpreet Ghuggi to host the event|url=https://www.ptcnews.tv/divya-dutta-and-gurpreet-ghuggi-to-host-online-digital-ptc-punjabi-film-awards-2020-en/|access-date=2020-06-27|website=PTC NEWS|language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[Ardaas Karaan (film)|Ardaas Karaan]]'' won the most six awards, including Best Film, Best Actor (for Ghuggi) and Best Director (for [[Gippy Grewal]]), followed by ''[[Chal Mera Putt]]'', which won three awards including Best Comedy Film and Best Actor critics' (for [[Amrinder Gill]]).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-04|title=PTC Network Gave Wings To A New Era With World’s First Ever Online Award Ceremony|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/ptc-network-gave-wings-to-a-new-era-with-worlds-first-ever-online-award-ceremony-ptc-punjabi-film-awards-2020/|access-date=2020-07-12|website=PTC Punjabi|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Winners and nominees ==<br />
[[File:Gippy Grewal.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Gippy Grewal]], Best Picture winner and Best Director winner]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Diljit Dosanjh at Colors Golden Petal Awards.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Diljit Dosanjh]], Best Actor winner]]<br />
[[File:Director Simerjit Singh (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Amrinder Gill]], Best Actor critics' winner]]<br />
[[File:Sonam Bajwa.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Sonam Bajwa]], Best Actress winner]]<br />
<br />
Winners are listed first, highlighted in '''boldface''', and indicated with a double dagger ({{double-dagger}}).<ref>{{Cite web|title=PTC Voting – Voting Website for PTC Punjabi|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/voting/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200601023904/https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/voting/|archive-date=1 June 2020|language=en-US|access-date=5 June 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class=wikitable<br />
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"|<br />
{{Award category|#eedd82|Best Picture}}<br />
* '''''[[Ardaas Karaan (film)|Ardaas Karaan]]'' - [[Gippy Grewal]]'''{{double dagger}}<br />
** ''Blackia'' - Sukhminder Dhanjal, [[Vivek Ohri]] and Atul Ohri<br />
** ''Dil Diyan Gallan'' - Parmish Verma, Uday Pratap Singh and Dinesh Auluck<br />
** ''[[Laiye Je Yaarian]]'' - [[Sukh Sanghera]] and [[Karaj Gill]]<br />
** ''[[Shadaa]]'' - [[Jagdeep Sidhu]] and [[Anurag Singh (director)|Anurag Singh]]<br />
** ''[[Surkhi Bindi]]'' - [[Jagdeep Sidhu]], Ankit Vijan, Navdeep Narula, Gurjit Singh and Santosh Subhash Thite<br />
** ''[[Muklawa]]'' - [[Simerjit Singh]], [[Gunbir Singh Sidhu]] and [[Manmord Sidhu]]<br />
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"|<br />
{{Award category|#eedd82|Best Comedy Film}}<br />
* '''''[[Chal Mera Putt]]'' - [[Janjot Singh]], [[Karaj Gill]] and Ashu Munish Sahni'''{{double dagger}}<br />
**''[[Ardab Mutiyaran]]'' - Manav Shah, [[Gunbir Singh Sidhu]] and [[Manmord Sidhu]]<br />
** ''Band Vaaje'' - [[Smeep Kang]] and [[Jatinder Shah]]<br />
** ''Gidarh Singhi'' - Vipin Parashar and Abhishek Tyagi<br />
** ''High End Yaariyaan'' - [[Pankaj Batra]], Sandeep Bansal, Dinesh Auluck and Balwinder Kohli<br />
** ''[[Kala Shah Kala]]'' - Amarjit Singh, Harsimran Dhillon, [[Navaniat Singh]], Achal Kaushal, [[Binnu Dhillon]]<br />
** ''[[Shadaa]]'' - [[Jagdeep Sidhu]] and [[Anurag Singh (director)|Anurag Singh]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"|<br />
{{Award category|#eedd82|Best Director}}<br />
* '''[[Gippy Grewal]] - ''[[Ardaas Karaan (film)|Ardaas Karaan]]'''''{{double dagger}}<br />
** [[Jagdeep Sidhu]] - ''[[Shadaa]]''<br />
** Manav Shah - ''[[Sikander 2]]''<br />
** [[Mandeep Benipal]] - ''[[DSP Dev]]''<br />
** [[Pankaj Batra]] - ''High End Yaaiyaan''<br />
** [[Simerjit Singh]] - ''[[Muklawa]]''<br />
** Vijay Kumar Arora - ''[[Guddiyan Patole]]''<br />
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"|<br />
{{Award category|#eedd82|[[PTC Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]}}<br />
* '''[[Diljit Dosanjh]] - ''[[Shadaa]]'''''{{double dagger}}<br />
* '''[[Gurpreet Ghuggi]] - ''[[Ardaas Karaan (film)|Ardaas Karaan]]'''''{{double dagger}}<br />
**[[Ammy Virk]] - ''[[Muklawa]]''<br />
** [[Amrinder Gill]] - ''[[Laiye Je Yaarian]]''<br />
** [[Binnu Dhillon]] - ''[[Jhalle]]''<br />
** [[Dev Kharoud]] - ''Blackia''<br />
**[[Gippy Grewal]] - ''[[Chandigarh Amritsar Chandigarh]]''<br />
** Parmish Verma - ''Dil Diyan Gallan''<br />
** [[Tarsem Jassar]] - ''[[Rabb Da Radio 2]]''<br />
|-<br />
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"|<br />
{{Award category|#eedd82|Best Actress}}<br />
* '''[[Sonam Bajwa]] - ''[[Ardab Mutiyaran]]'''''{{double dagger}}<br />
**[[Kavita Kaushik]] - ''Mindo Taseeldarni''<br />
** Kulraj Randhawa - ''Naukar Vahuti Da''<br />
** [[Roopi Gill]] - ''[[Laiye Je Yaarian]]''<br />
** [[Sargun Mehta]] - ''[[Surkhi Bindi]]''<br />
** [[Wamiqa Gabbi]] - ''Dil Diyan Gallan''<br />
** [[Neeru Bajwa]] - ''[[Shadaa]]''<br />
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"|<br />
{{Award category|#eedd82|Best Supporting Actor}}<br />
* '''[[Pavan Malhotra]] - ''[[Jhalle]]'''''{{double dagger}}<br />
**[[Guggu Gill]] - ''Jaddi Sardar''<br />
** Hardeep Gill - ''[[Shadaa]]''<br />
** Hobby Dhaliwal - ''Doorbeen''<br />
** Sanjeev Attri - ''Amaanat''<br />
** [[Sardar Sohi]] - ''Mindo Taseeldarni''<br />
** [[Yograj Singh]] - ''Teri Meri Jodi''<br />
** [[Gurshabad]] - ''[[Chal Mera Putt]]''<br />
|-<br />
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"|<br />
{{Award category|#eedd82|Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
* '''Anita Devgan - ''Jaddi Sardar'''''{{double dagger}}<br />
** Ekta BP Singh - ''Blackia''<br />
** Mannat Singh - ''Band Vaaje''<br />
** Rupinder Rupi - ''Doorbeen''<br />
** [[Satwant Kaur]] - ''[[Mitran Nu Shaunk Hathyaran Da]]''<br />
** [[Upasana Singh]] - ''Jind Jaan''<br />
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"|<br />
{{Award category|#eedd82|Best Debut Director}}<br />
* '''[[Janjot Singh]] - ''[[Chal Mera Putt]]'''''{{double dagger}}<br />
** Amarjit Singh - ''[[Kala Shah Kala]]''<br />
** Ishan Chopra - ''Doorbeen''<br />
** Parmish Verma & Uday Pratap Singh - ''Dil Diyan Gallan''<br />
** Sharan Art - ''[[Rabb Da Radio 2]]''<br />
** [[Sukh Sanghera]] - ''[[Laiye Je Yaarian]]''<br />
** Santosh Thite & Deepak Thaper - ''[[Munda Hi Chahida]]''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Films that received multiple awards and nominations ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|+ Films that received multiple awards<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" style="width:55px;" |Awards<br />
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" |Film<br />
|-<br />
| scope=row style="text-align:center"|6<br />
| ''[[Ardaas Karaan (film)|Ardaas Karaan]]''<br />
|-<br />
| scope=row style="text-align:center" rowspan="2" |3<br />
| ''[[Chal Mera Putt]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Guddiyan Patole]]''<br />
|-<br />
| scope=row style="text-align:center" rowspan="5" |2<br />
| ''[[Shadaa]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Muklawa]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jhalle]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''Blackia''<br />
|-<br />
| ''High End Yaariyaan''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|+ Films that received multiple nominations<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" style="width:55px;" | Nominations<br />
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" | Film<br />
|-<br />
| scope=row style="text-align:center" | 13<br />
| ''[[Sikander 2]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" scope=row style="text-align:center" | 11<br />
| ''[[Ardaas Karaan (film)|Ardaas Karaan]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''Dil Diyan Gallan''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" scope=row style="text-align:center" | 10<br />
| ''[[Shadaa]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Muklawa]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''Blackia''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" scope=row style="text-align:center" | 8<br />
| ''High End Yaariyaan''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jhalle]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" scope=row style="text-align:center" | 7<br />
| ''[[Laiye Je Yaarian]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Rabb Da Radio 2]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''Jaddi Sardar''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" scope=row style="text-align:center" | 6<br />
| ''[[Chal Mera Putt]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Guddiyan Patole]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Surkhi Bindi]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[DSP Dev]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" scope=row style="text-align:center" | 5<br />
| ''[[Chandigarh Amritsar Chandigarh]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ardab Mutiyaran]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''Gidarh Singhi''<br />
|-<br />
| ''Mitran Nu Shaunk Hathyaran Da''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" scope=row style="text-align:center" | 4<br />
| ''[[Ishqaa]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''Band Vaaje''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" scope=row style="text-align:center" | 3<br />
| ''Jind Jaan''<br />
|-<br />
| ''Yaara Ve''<br />
|-<br />
| ''Kaake Da Viyah''<br />
|-<br />
| ''Doorbeen''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" scope=row style="text-align:center" | 2<br />
| ''[[Manje Bistre 2]]''<br />
|-<br />
| ''Munda Faridkotia''<br />
|-<br />
| ''Saak''<br />
|-<br />
| ''Lukan Michi''<br />
|-<br />
| ''Mindo Taseeldarni''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb event|0008310}}<br />
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[[Category:2020 film awards]]<br />
[[Category:Punjabi film-related lists]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bheema_lift_irrigation_project&diff=469666Bheema lift irrigation project2026-02-14T10:15:54Z<p>Itssuvam: cleanup</p>
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<div>{{short description|Canal project located in Telangana, India}}<br />
{{update|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}<br />
[[File:Rajiv_Bheema_Liftirrigation_Project_Phase-II,_Canal.jpg|thumb]]<br />
'''Bheema lift irrigation project''' or '''Rajiv Bheema Project''' is a lift [[irrigation]] canal project located in [[Narayanpet district]] in [[Telangana]], [[India]]. Water is lifted at Panchdev Pahad from the back waters of [[Jurala Project|Jurala Dam]]. Under the same project, another lift canal originates separately from the Ramanpahad balancing reservoir ( {{Coord|16|22|04|N|77|52|20|E|type:landmark_region:IN-AP}} ) under Jurala left bank to irrigate the uplands.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/14/stories/2004061409520300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040717153646/http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/14/stories/2004061409520300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2004-07-17 |title=Andhra Pradesh News : Work on Bheema project to begin in a year, says MP |date=2004-06-14 |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=2016-12-01}}</ref><br />
<br />
The River Bhima originating from Western Ghats at Bhima Shankar near Karjat village in Maharashtra State is a tributary of Krishna River.<br />
The length of Bhima River is 861.35&nbsp;km (535 miles). The river Bhima has a total catchment area of 70613.70 km<sup>2</sup> up to the confluence point with Krishna river. The catchment area of the proposed site near Sonna village is 53328 km<sup>2</sup> and out of this 47760 km<sup>2</sup> lies in Maharashtra State and remaining 5568 km<sup>2</sup> lies in Karnataka State.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130412224745/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Chorkhamara_D01008|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 April 2013|title=Bhima_Lift_Irrigation_Project_JI02715}}</ref><br />
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==The Project==<br />
The Bheema Lift irrigation project would irrigate over {{convert|203000|acre|km2}}, would benefit 180 villages that fall in Makthal, Atmakur, Wanaparthy, and Kollapur [[Taluk]]s of Mahabubnagar District utilising 20 [[Tmcft|TMC]] ({{convert|20|e9cuft|m3}}) of water.{{fact|date=February 2020}}<br />
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The scheme envisages construction of a Barrage across Bhima River near Sonna village of Afzalpur taluka in Gulbarga District to impound 89.65 M.Cum (3.16 TMC) of water.<br />
The total water allocation for the scheme is 6.00 TMC, out of which 5.63 TMC of water is earmarked for irrigation purposes, and a balance of 0.10 TMC of water for drinking and 0.27 TMC for industrial and other purposes. By utilizing 5.63 TMC it is proposed to irrigate 24,292 Ha of Culturable Command Area (CCA) and to benefit drought-prone taluka of Afzalpur of Gulbarga district.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130412224745/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Chorkhamara_D01008|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 April 2013|title=Bhima_Lift_Irrigation_Project_JI02715}}</ref><br />
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===Details of Proposals===<br />
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The lifts are proposed at two points.<br />
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'''Lift I''' is from the Krishna river from the point near Panchadevpad (V) in Atmakur taluk to irrigate an extent of {{convert|111,000| acre| ha}}.{{fact|date=February 2020}}<br />
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'''Lift II''' is from existing Ookachettivagu Project pondage near Ramanpad (V) in Wanaparthy [[Taluk]] to irrigate an extent of {{convert|92,000| acre| ha}}.{{fact|date=February 2020}}<br />
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Benefitted [[Mandal]]s: - The Mandals that would benefit under the project are Magnur, Makthal, Narva, Atmakur, Chinnachintakunta, Wanaparthy, Peddamandadi, Pebbair, Pangal, Veepanagandla, Kollapur, Kothakota, and Devarakadra of Mahabubnagar district.{{fact|date=February 2020}}<br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Coord|16|21|29|N|77|32|56|E|type:landmark_region:IN-AP|display=title}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141225075104/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Bhima_Lift_JI02715#Present_Status Water Resources Information System of India: Bhima Lift JI02715]. Data as of March 2012. Retrieved 2014-12-25.<br />
* [https://krmb.gov.in/html/project3.html RAJIV BHIMA LIFT IRRIGATION SCHEME]<br />
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[[Category:Irrigation in Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Mahbubnagar district]]<br />
[[Category:Lift irrigation schemes]]<br />
{{Watersupply-stub}}</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=S._Ganesh&diff=445434S. Ganesh2026-02-10T03:11:27Z<p>Itssuvam: content update</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian geneticist and molecular biologist}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox scientist<br />
| name = S. Ganesh<br />
| image =<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1968|5|23}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| fields = {{ublist | [[Molecular genetics]] }}<br />
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[RIKEN Brain Science Institute]] | [[IIT Kanpur]] }}<br />
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[University of Madras]] | [[Banaras Hindu University]] |[[Indian Institute of Science]] }}<br />
| doctoral_advisor = <br />
| doctoral_students = <br />
| known_for = Studies on [[Lafora progressive myoclonic epilepsy]]<br />
| awards = {{ublist| 2008&nbsp;[[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-BIOS Prize]] | 2008&nbsp;Scopus Young Indian Scientists Award | 2008&nbsp;B. M. Birla Science Prize | 2010&nbsp;[[Department of Atomic Energy|DAE]]-SRC Outstanding Research Investigator Award | 2011&nbsp;[[Kurukshetra University|KU]] Rajib Goyal Prize | 2012&nbsp;[[Central Drug Research Institute|CDRI]] Award | 2014&nbsp;[[Indian Council of Medical Research|ICMR]] Basanti Devi Amir Chand Prize | 2016&nbsp;OPPI Scientist Award }} <br />
}}<br />
'''Subramaniam Ganesh''' (born 23 May 1968) is an Indian geneticist, molecular biologist and a professor at the department of biological sciences and bio-engineering of the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur]]. Known for his pioneering studies on [[Lafora progressive myoclonic epilepsy]] and other [[neurodegenerative disorders]], Ganesh is an elected fellow of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] and the [[National Academy of Sciences, India]]. The [[Department of Biotechnology]] of the Government of India awarded him the [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development]], one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences in 2008.<br />
<br />
== Biography ==<br />
[[File:University of Madras Entrance Arch at Chepauk Campus.JPG|thumb|left|[[University of Madras]] - Entrance]]<br />
Born on 23 May 1968<ref name="Fellow profile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Ganesh,_Prof._Subramaniam |title=Fellow profile |date=2018-01-16 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences |access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref> in the south Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]], Ganesh completed his undergraduate studies at the [[University of Madras]] in 1988 and earned an MSc in 1990.<ref name="About the PI">{{Cite web |url=http://home.iitk.ac.in/~sganesh/ganesh.html |title=About the PI |date=2018-01-16 |website=home.iitk.ac.in |access-date=2018-01-16 |archive-date=9 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709190830/http://home.iitk.ac.in/~sganesh/ganesh.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Subsequently, he joined the [[Banaras Hindu University]] for his doctoral studies to secure a PhD in 1996. His post-doctoral work was at the [[Indian Institute of Science]] from 1997 to 1998 after which he moved to Japan to start his career as a staff scientist at the [[RIKEN Brain Science Institute]]. On his return to India in 2002, he joined the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur]] (IITK) as a member of faculty at the department of biological sciences and bio-engineering (BSBE) where he serves as the P.K. Kelkar Chair Professor.<ref name="BSBE Faculty">{{Cite web |url=https://www.iitk.ac.in/bsbe/s-ganesh |title=BSBE Faculty |last=Ailza |date=2018-01-16 |website=www.iitk.ac.in |language=en-gb |access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref> At IITK, he has set up his laboratory of human molecular genetics, popularly known as Ganesh Laboratory, and is the principal investigator, while hosting many research scholars.<ref name="welcome to the webpage of ganesh laboratory">{{Cite web |url=http://home.iitk.ac.in/~sganesh/ |title=welcome to the webpage of ganesh laboratory |date=2018-01-16 |website=home.iitk.ac.in |access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref><br />
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Ganesh resides in IIT Campus in [[Kanpur]], Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="NASI fellows">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=G |title=NASI fellows |date=2018-01-16 |publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India |access-date=2018-01-16 |archive-date=21 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021102942/http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=G |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
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== Legacy ==<br />
[[File:Autorecessive.svg|thumb|[[Lafora disease]] has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance]]<br />
Ganesh's research focus has been in the fields of human molecular [[genetics]] and [[neuroscience]] and he is known to have carried out extensive work on the genetic forms of neurodegenerative disorders.<ref name="S Ganesh Of IIT Madras">{{Cite web |url=https://swayam.gov.in/s-ganesh/p/1406 |title=S Ganesh Of IIT Madras |date=2018-01-16 |website=swayam.gov.in |language=en |access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref> During his early days at IITK, he led a team of scientists researching on the [[Lafora disease]] (LD) to establish the role played by LD proteins in protein quality control and their work widened the understanding of the disorder.<ref name="S Ganesh - Speakers - Indian Academy of Sciences">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/82ndAM2016/Speakers/S_Ganesh |title=S Ganesh - Speakers - Indian Academy of Sciences |website=www.ias.ac.in |language=en |access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref> Later, he focused his work to other [[neurodegenerative disorders]] such as [[central nervous system disease]]s, [[cardiovascular disorders]] and [[developmental disorders]],<ref name="Human Molecular Genetics">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ircc.iitb.ac.in/IRCC-Webpage/PDF/IITK.pdf |title=Human Molecular Genetics |date=2018-01-17 |website=IIT Bangalore |access-date=2018-01-17}}</ref> with emphasis on their [[Neurodegeneration|pathways]], while working on developing new therapeutic protocols.<ref name="BSBE Faculty" /><ref name="Neurobiology of Disorders, Stress Biology & Human Genetics - S. Ganesh">{{Cite web |url=https://www.iitk.ac.in/new/s-ganesh |title=Neurobiology of Disorders, Stress Biology & Human Genetics - S. Ganesh |last=Vishwas |website=www.iitk.ac.in |language=en-gb |access-date=2018-01-17}}</ref> His studies have been documented by way of a number of articles<ref name="On Google Scholar">{{Cite web |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=N62RSf8AAAAJ&hl=en |title=On Google Scholar |date=2018-01-08 |publisher=Google Scholar |access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref><ref name="Browse by Fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://repository.ias.ac.in/view/fellows/Ganesh=3ASubramaniam=3A=3A.html |title=Browse by Fellow |date=2018-01-16 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences |access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} and [[ResearchGate]], an online repository of scientific articles has listed 93 of them.<ref name="On ResearchGate">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Subramaniam_Ganesh |title=On ResearchGate |date=2018-01-09 |access-date=2018-01-09}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ganesh is the chief editor of ''IITK Directions'', a Springer publication<ref name="IITK Directions">{{Cite web |url=https://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/productFlyer/productFlyer_15345.pdf?SGWID=0-0-1297-179951895-0 |title=IITK Directions |date=2018-01-16 |website=Springer |access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref> and has also prepared video lecture courses for the National Programming on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL).<ref name="NPTEL Iit Kanpur Video Lecture Study Material Online">{{Cite web |url=https://www.btechguru.com/courses--nptel--iit-kanpur-video-lecture.html |title=NPTEL Iit Kanpur Video Lecture Study Material Online |date=2018-01-16 |website=www.btechguru.com |language=en |access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref> The invited speeches delivered by him include the one on the ''Role of non-coding RNAs in cellular stress response'', delivered in 2016 at the 82nd annual meeting of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]].<ref name="S Ganesh - Speakers - Indian Academy of Sciences" /> He serves as an associate editor of the ''Journal of Genetics'' of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]]<ref name="Journal of Genetics - Indian Academy of Sciences">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/Journals/Journal_of_Genetics/Editorial_Board |title=Journal of Genetics - Indian Academy of Sciences |date=2018-01-16 |website=www.ias.ac.in |language=en |access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref> and is a former editorial board member of ''Meta Gene'' and ''Gene Reports'', both [[Elsevier]] publications.<ref name="About the PI" /><br />
<br />
== Awards and honors ==<br />
The [[Department of Biotechnology]] of the Government of India awarded him the [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development]], one of the highest Indian science awards in 2008.<ref name="Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development">{{Cite web |url=http://dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/list_of_bioscience_awardees.pdf |title=Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development |date=2016 |publisher=Department of Biotechnology |access-date=2017-11-20 |archive-date=4 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304191331/http://dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/list_of_bioscience_awardees.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and he received the Scopus Young Indian Scientists Award the same year.<ref name="Scopus Young Scientists Awards presented">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/Scopus-Young-Scientists-Awards-presented/article15355851.ece |title=Scopus Young Scientists Awards presented |date=2008-12-06 |work=The Hindu |access-date=2018-01-16 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He received one more award in 2008, the B. M. Birla Science Prize of the B. M. Birla Science Foundation.<ref name="B. M. Birla Science Prize">{{Cite web |url=http://www.birlasciencecentre.org/awards/birlaSciencePrizes/ |title=B. M. Birla Science Prize |website=www.birlasciencecentre.org |access-date=2018-01-16 |archive-date=28 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128175901/http://www.birlasciencecentre.org/awards/birlaSciencePrizes/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Science Research Council of the [[Department of Atomic Energy]] selected him for the Outstanding Research Investigator Award in 2010<ref name="About the PI" /> and he received the Rajib Goyal Prize of [[Kurukshetra University]] in 2011.<ref name="IITK Report">{{Cite web |url=http://www.iitk.ac.in/doaaold/convocation2012/dr44.pdf |title=IITK Report |date=2018-01-16 |website=IIT Kanpur |access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref> The [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] elected him as a fellow in 2012;<ref name="NASI Year Book 2015">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasi.org.in/Year%20Book%202015.pdf |title=NASI Year Book 2015 |date=2018-01-12 |publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India |access-date=2018-01-12 |archive-date=6 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806211716/http://www.nasi.org.in/Year%20Book%202015.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Display IITK News">{{Cite web |url=http://www.iitkalumni.org/DisplayIITKNews.aspx |title=Display IITK News |date=2018-01-16 |website=www.iitkalumni.org |access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref> the same year as he received the CDRI Award of the [[Central Drug Research Institute]].<ref name="List of previous CDRI Awardees">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cdri.res.in/pdf/CDRI_Awards_Notification.pdf |title=List of previous CDRI Awardees |date=2018-01-16 |website=Central Drug Research Institute |access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref> He received the Basanti Devi Amir Chand Prize of the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] in 2014<ref name="Basanti Devi Amir Chand Prize">{{Cite web |url=http://icmr.nic.in/award/Result-_ICMR_Awards_and_Prizes%202013%202014%20FINAL.pdf |title=Basanti Devi Amir Chand Prize |date=2018-01-16 |website=Indian Council of Medical Research |access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref> and the Scientist Award of the Organisation of Pharmaceutical Producers of India in 2016.<ref name="Winner of Scientist Award">{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiaoppi.com/sites/default/files/PDF%20files/OPPI%202017%20Final%20AW%20for%20Online.pdf |title=Winner of Scientist Award |date=2018-01-16 |website=Organisation of Pharmaceutical Producers of India |access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref> He also received the elected fellowship of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] in 2016.<ref name="Fellowship - Indian Academy of Sciences">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/listing/fellows/G |title=Fellowship - Indian Academy of Sciences |date=2018-01-16 |website=www.ias.ac.in |language=en |access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref> The award orations delivered by him include the 2015 edition of the K. T. Shetty Memorial Oration of the Indian Academy of Neurosciences<ref name="K. T. Shetty Memorial Oration">{{Cite web |url=http://neuroscienceacademy.org.in/award_ktshetty.php |title=K. T. Shetty Memorial Oration |website=neuroscienceacademy.org.in |access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref> and he has held research fellowships such as the [[Alexander von Humboldt Fellow|Alexander von Humboldt fellowship]], the Ramanna Fellowship of the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]], and the Tata Innovation Fellowship of the Department of Biotechnology.<ref name="About the PI" /> in 2012, he featured in the list of ''Top 25 Scientists in India'' published by [[India Today]].<ref name="Profile of Top 25 scientists in India">{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/photo/profile-of-top-25-scientists-in-india-366262-2011-09-11 |title=Profile of Top 25 scientists in India |date=2011-09-11 |website=India Today |language=en-US |access-date=2018-01-17}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Selected bibliography ==<br />
* {{Cite journal |last1=Rai |first1=Anupama |last2=Mishra |first2=Rohit |last3=Ganesh |first3=Subramaniam |date=2017-12-15 |title=Suppression of leptin signaling reduces polyglucosan inclusions and seizure susceptibility in a mouse model for Lafora disease |journal=Human Molecular Genetics |language=en |volume=26 |issue=24 |pages=4778–4785 |doi=10.1093/hmg/ddx357 |pmid=28973665 |issn=0964-6906|doi-access=free }}<br />
* {{Cite journal |last1=Parihar |first1=Rashmi |last2=Ganesh |first2=Subramaniam |date=2016-09-01 |title=Autism genes: the continuum that connects us all |journal=Journal of Genetics |language=en |volume=95 |issue=3 |pages=481–483 |doi=10.1007/s12041-016-0688-0 |pmid=27659318 |s2cid=4018645 |issn=0022-1333}}<br />
* {{Cite journal |last1=Upadhyay |first1=Mamta |last2=Bhadauriya |first2=Pratibha |last3=Ganesh |first3=Subramaniam |title=Heat shock modulates the subcellular localization, stability, and activity of HIPK2 |journal=Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications |volume=472 |issue=4 |pages=580–584 |doi=10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.035|pmid=26972256 |year=2016 }}<br />
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== See also ==<br />
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
* [[Autism spectrum disorder]]<br />
* [[Genetic disorder]]<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
{{portal|India|Medicine}}<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{reflist|group=note|2}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{N-BIOS Laureates 1999–2009}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ganesh, S.}}<br />
[[Category:N-BIOS Prize recipients]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Scientists from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:1968 births]]<br />
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Institute of Science alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Riken personnel]]<br />
[[Category:Academic staff of IIT Kanpur]]<br />
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian molecular biologists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian geneticists]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mithu_Alur&diff=471226Mithu Alur2026-02-08T17:44:36Z<p>Itssuvam: added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian researcher, writer, and disability rights activist}}<br />
{{Multiple issues|<br />
{{cleanup rewrite|date=October 2012}}<br />
{{Tone|date=June 2022}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = Dr.<br />
| name = Mithu Alur<br />
| image = Dr._Mithu_Alur.jpg<br />
| |image_size = 250px<br />
| caption = Alur at the North South Dialogue IV, Goa in February, 2012<br />
| birth_name = Shoma Bose<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1943|03|27|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = Kolkata, India<br />
| organization = [[ADAPT – Able Disable All People Together]]<br />
| spouse = [[Sathi Alur]]<br />
| children = [[Malini Chib]], Nikhil Chib<br />
| years_active = 1972–present<br />
| known_for = Starting services for people with disability in India<br />
| occupation = Educator, Disability Rights Activist, Researcher, Writer, Published Author<br />
| URL = {{URL| http://www.adaptssi.org/home.html}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Mithu Alur''' (born 27 March 1943) is the founder chairperson of The Spastic Society of India – now rechristened [[ADAPT – Able Disable All People Together]]. She is an educator, disability rights activist, researcher, writer and published author on issues concerning people with disability in India.<br />
<br />
Alur is a pioneer in the care and education of people with Neuro-Muscular and Developmental Disabilities,<ref>Encyclopaedia of Social Work in India, by India Ministry of Welfare. Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], 1987. Page 197.</ref><ref>[http://www.tatainternational.com/moresocialres.html Spastics Society, Bandra, Mumbai - Profile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204101204/http://www.tatainternational.com/moresocialres.html |date=4 December 2008 }} [[Tata Group|Tata]], http://www.tatainternational.com.</ref> like [[cerebral palsy]], [[autism]], [[Down syndrome]] and [[intellectual disabilities]].<br />
<br />
==Early life and education==<br />
<br />
Alur was born and raised in [[Kolkata]]. She did her higher education in Delhi in [[Miranda House]]. She acquired a bachelor's degree in English literature from the University of Delhi in 1963. In 1965, she married Ranjit Chib. A year later [[Malini Chib]] was born.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}<br />
<br />
Malini was diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Finding that no proper school for children with disabilities exited in India, in 1968 she trained as a teacher in the field of special education at the [[Institute of Education]] (IOE), [[University of London]].{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}<br />
<br />
==Spastics Society of India==<br />
<br />
Back home in India, she wanted to open a school in Mumbai, and contacted the then [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Indira Gandhi]]. Gandhi asked her to get in touch with actress [[Nargis Dutt]]. Dutt became the first patron of The Spastics Society of India (SSI), which formally started on 2 October 1972.<ref>[http://www.nrcissi.org/aboutus/history.html History] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20050223043713/http://www.nrcissi.org/aboutus/history.html |date=23 February 2005 }} http://www.nrcissi.org.</ref><br />
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Alur later set up the first-ever special school in India for children with cerebral palsy, "Centre for Special education", at [[Colaba]] on 2 October 1973, providing education and treatment facilities under one roof. It began with just three children – [[Malini Chib]], Farhan Contractor and Imtiaz. Nargis Dutt remained its lifelong patron. After her death in 1981, her mantle was taken up by her husband, [[Sunil Dutt]].<br />
<br />
The Spastics Society has since broadened its scope to include programs on teacher training, vocational training of young adults with [[cerebral palsy]], [[autism]], [[mental retardation|intellectual disabilities]], multiple disabilities and [[learning disabilities]]. It also works in the field of advocacy and awareness and offers support to parents and other professionals.<br />
<br />
In 1999, Alur established the National Resource Centre for Inclusion (NRCI), in [[Mumbai]], to integrate disabled children from special schools into normal schools.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121106233733/http://www.hindu.com/2003/01/28/stories/2003012803180300.htm Focus on education for disabled children] [[The Hindu]], 28 January 2003.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.internationalforum.com/Text%20Pages/metaphores_for_leadership.htm|title=Examples in Leadership - Social Entrepreneurs|work=internationalforum.com}}</ref> The Spastics Society of India has since changed names and is currently called [[ADAPT – Able Disable All People Together]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ADAPT SSI |url=http://www.adaptssi.org/ |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=www.adaptssi.org}}</ref> Many of the state level spastics societies under the aegis of The Spastics Society of India have also since changed names.<br />
<br />
==Academic career==<br />
<br />
Alur's research work has been instrumental in guiding government policy for people with disability. Her 1998 PhD thesis "Invisible Children – A Study of Policy Exclusion",<ref>{{cite thesis|url=http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252004|title=British Library EThOS: Invisible children : a study of policy exclusion|author=Alur, Mithu|work=bl.uk|year=1998 |type=Ph.D }}</ref> also published as a book in 2003,<ref name="google.co.in">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7HDaAAAAMAAJ|title=Invisible Children|isbn=9788176494373|last1=Alur|first1=Mithu|year=2003|publisher=Viva Books }}</ref> examined the Government of India's policy for the disabled. It followed the evolution of educational policy in India for disabled children with specific reference to the Government of India's pre-school programme called the [[Integrated Child Development Services]] (ICDS). Her research found massive exclusion of children and people with disabilities from services and even from Government programmes targeted at the vulnerable and weaker sections of society to the extent of nutrition being denied to children with disabilities. Her finding that over 90% people with disabilities, or around 70 million people, are excluded from services of any kind provided the seminal statistics for those working in the disability sector to push for better care of people with disabilities.<br />
<br />
==Media==<br />
Alur's writings, feature articles, opinion pieces, columns and research paper for books, have appeared in many national and international newspapers, magazines, portals etc. including The Times of India, The Indian Express, and The Statesman. She has also regularly appeared on different news channels, specifically NDTV,<ref>{{Cite web |last=ADAPTMumbai |date=6 September 2012 |title=NDTV - Celebrating Achievement on First World Cerebral Palsy Day |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QS-cqRcRUYo |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=YouTube}}</ref> advocating the right of people with disabilities.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ADAPTMumbai |date=23 February 2012 |title=Pt. 1 - Do the disabled continue to be discriminated against (From CNN -IBN) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXEW_pa9kjc |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=YouTube}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Books ===<br />
* ''Education and Children with Special needs – from segregation to integration'', with Seamus Hegarty, Published by Sage Publications, new Delhi, 2002.<ref name="sagepub.com">{{cite web |date=19 January 2023 |title=Author - Mithu Alur |url=http://www.sagepub.com/authorDetails.nav?contribId=523156 |work=SAGE}}</ref><br />
* ''Invisible Children – A Study of Policy Exclusion'', Viva Books Private Limited, New Delhi, 2003.<ref name="google.co.in" /><br />
* ''Inclusive Education – The Proceedings of North South Dialogue I'' (with Professor Tony Booth).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Alur |first1=Mithu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m9qbAAAAMAAJ |title=Inclusive Education |last2=Booth |first2=Tony |date=January 2005 |publisher=UBS Publishers' Distributors |isbn=9788174765246}}</ref><br />
* ''Inclusive Education – From Rhetoric to Reality, The North South Dialogue II'' with Dr. Michael Bach.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inclusive Education - From Rhetoric to Reality |url=http://www.biblio.com/9788130901572 |access-date=28 January 2023 |work=biblio.com}}</ref><br />
* ''The Journey for Inclusive Education in the Indian Sub-Continent'', with Michael Back Published by Routledge, New York, USA, 2009.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Alur |first1=Mithu |title=The Journey for Inclusive Education in the Indian Sub-Continent (Routledge Research in Education): Mithu Alur, Michael Bach: 9780415988766: Amazon.com: Books |last2=Bach |first2=Michael |year=2010 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0415988766}}</ref><br />
* ''Inclusive Education Across Cultures: Crossing Boundaries, Sharing Ideas,'' co-edited with Vianne Timmons, Published by Sage, 2009.<ref name="sagepub.com" /><br />
<br />
==Current work==<br />
<br />
For the last ten years, Alur has been involved with inclusive education and implementing [[Education for All]] (EFA) for all children who are not within the purview of mainstream education. She has been working in the slums of Mumbai and has recently finished a longitudinal research project with [[UNICEF]] where she has created an Education For All model for 'all' children who are disadvantaged including the girl child, the disabled child and children in poverty, demonstrating that inclusive education can happen anywhere, including the poorest places. This has been based on work in the [[Dharavi]] slums of Mumbai covering a population of 30,000, working with 6,000 families and with community teachers who were trained to teach 'all' children. Today over 3,000 children have been put into municipal schools. Fourteen nurseries have been specially set up for all children within this population, both with and without disabilities. Models for intervention strategies at the family and community levels have been designed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teindia.nic.in/efa/Bio_Speakers_Lacture_Wise_asOn-25may2012.pdf|title=Teacher Education page|work= [[Department of Social Education and Literacy]], [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]], [[Government of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
Alur, along with husband Sathi Alur, is also currently involved in the Shiksha Sankalp project, an action based research project under the aegis of ADAPT and co-funded by [[Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung|BMZ]] ([[Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development]]), Germany and CBM ([[Christian Blind Mission]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2012/feb/190212-SoBos-dark-secret.htm|title=SoBo's dark secret|work=mid-day.com}}</ref> that aims to "formulate a protocol or blueprint for screening children out of school—especially the disabled ones—and to create a database which would help the (Indian) government to formulate curriculum according to the special needs".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Move-to-identify-special-kids-gets-UN-push/articleshow/16549000.cms|title=Move to identify special kids gets UN push|work=The Times of India|date=26 September 2012 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Alur started the Mithu Alur Foundation intending to create an inclusive village model in Maharashtra. The foundation aims to do so with schools, hospitals, medical services and livelihood through skills training programmes, and women's empowerment.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2002 |title=ADAPT, MUMBAI- ABOUT |url=http://liveearth.org/pt-br/liveearthblog/adapt-mumbai-about |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=Live Earth|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621135634/http://liveearth.org/pt-br/liveearthblog/adapt-mumbai-about |archive-date=21 June 2010 }}</ref><br />
<br />
She has been a vocal activist against the exclusion of people with disabilities and has written articles, books and papers propagating inclusion in society. Talking about the exclusion of children of disabilities under the [[Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act]] RTE Act from schools, she said:<br />
<br />
{{blockquote<br />
<br />
|text=This is a flawed concept. Without meaning to, special schools end up excluding the children from society. Why should a child be treated differently just because a child needs to write with the help of a software instead of a pen?"<br />
<br />
|sign=Dr. Alur as quoted in a ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' article<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/Let-education-not-be-special/Article1-933317.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923205538/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/Let-education-not-be-special/Article1-933317.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 September 2012|title=Let education not be special|work=hindustantimes.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Alur has advocated inclusive education under the news provisions in the [[Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act]] RTE Act, stating that it will help every child, including children without disabilities.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alur |first=Mithu |date=2012-06-21 |title=Huge learning curve ahead |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/huge-learning-curve-ahead/ |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards and honours==<br />
<br />
* 1989: [[Padma Shri]] Award<ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards Directory (1954-2017) |url=http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Year_Wise_main_25042017.pdf |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=Ministry of Home Affairs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209002842/http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Year_Wise_main_25042017.pdf |archive-date=9 February 2018 }}</ref><br />
* 2003: Martha Forrest Rose Quartz Warrior Award<br />
* 2006:Paul Harris Fellow Award; Rotary International, USA.<ref name="indiavolunteerawards.com">[http://www.indiavolunteerawards.com/mithu.html Indian Volunteer Awards]</ref><br />
* 2009: EMPI – Indian Express Indian Innovation Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://innovation.empi.in/index.php?mact=Album,m5,default,1&m5albumid=4&m5returnid=86&page=86|title=Indian Innovation Awards|work=empi.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=empibschool |date=31 October 2011 |title=EMPI IE 2009 Panel Discussion Innovation Journeys |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__ixN_FOdBI |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=YouTube}}</ref><br />
* 2009: Woman of the Year Award for Outstanding Woman Citizen of Mumbai; Indian Merchant Chamber.<ref name="indiavolunteerawards.com" /><br />
* 2010: Woman of the Year – CNN IBN Super Idol Award.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044205/http://ns.ibnlive.in.com/superidols/announcement_release.pdf Press Release] at [[IBN-7]]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.adaptssi.org/home.html The National Resource Centre for Inclusion - The Spastics Society of India, Official website]<br />
* [http://www.karmayog.com/ngos/spasticsociety.htm The Spastics Society of India Detailed Profile]<br />
* [http://doctor.ndtv.com/expert/ndtv/expertid/152/Mithu_Alur.html Mithu Alur's Profile on NDTV]<br />
<br />
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Social Work}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alur, Mithu}}<br />
[[Category:1943 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian disability rights activists]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work]]<br />
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of the UCL Institute of Education]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]<br />
[[Category:Women educators from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Educators from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Social workers from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utawali_Dam&diff=542887Utawali Dam2026-01-23T12:13:25Z<p>Itssuvam: Made a bio</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox dam<br />
| name = Utawali Dam<br />
| image = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| name_official = Utawali Dam D03131<br />
| dam_crosses = Utawali river<br />
| location = Mehkar <br />
| dam_type = [[Dam#Earth-fill dams|Earthfill]]<br />
| dam_length = {{convert|2112|m|abbr=on}}<br />
| dam_height = {{convert|26.05|m|abbr=on}}<br />
| dam_width_base = <br />
| dam_elevation_crest = <br />
| dam_volume = {{convert|1910|km3|abbr=on}}<br />
| spillway_type = <br />
| spillway_capacity = <br />
| construction_began = <br />
| opening =<br />
| demolished = N/A<br />
| cost = <br />
| owner = [[Government of Maharashtra]], [[India]]<br />
| res_name = <br />
| res_capacity_total = {{convert|0|km3|abbr=on}}<br />
| res_catchment = <br />
| res_surface = {{convert|3642|km2|abbr=on}}<br />
| res_max_depth = <br />
| plant_operator = <br />
| plant_turbines = <br />
| plant_capacity = <br />
| plant_annual_gen = <br />
| plant_type = <br />
| plant_commission = <br />
| plant_decommission = <br />
| location_map = India Maharashtra<br />
| location_map_caption = <br />
| location_map_size = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|20.414626|76.723194|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}<br />
| website = <br />
| extra = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Utawali Dam''', is an [[dam#Earth-fill dams|earthfill]] dam on Utawali river near [[Mehkar]], [[Buldhana district]] in the state of [[Maharashtra]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Utawali_D03131 | title=Utawali D03131 | accessdate=2 April 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Specifications==<br />
The height of the dam above its lowest foundation is {{convert|26.05|m|abbr=on}} while the length is {{convert|2112|m|abbr=on}}. The volume content is {{convert|1910|km3|abbr=on}} and gross storage capacity is {{convert|20808.00|km3|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf |title=Specifications of large dams in India |access-date=21 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721165130/http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf |archive-date=21 July 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mpwrd.gov.in/documents/18/85638777-0c2a-44a4-b2ad-6115bb9a009e |title=List of Large size Dams of District Sehore}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Purpose==<br />
* Irrigation<ref>{{cite web |url=http://59.179.19.250/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Utawali_Medium_Irrigation_Project_JI00583 |title=Utawali Medium Irrigation Project JI00583 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Dams in Maharashtra]]<br />
* [[List of reservoirs and dams in India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dams in Buldhana district]]<br />
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pardhi&diff=524437Pardhi2026-01-18T09:28:59Z<p>Itssuvam: Started A Data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Hindu tribe in India}}<br />
{{Multiple issues|<br />
{{More citations needed|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Original research|date=January 2025}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br />
'''Pardhi''' is a Hindu tribe in [[India]]. The tribe is found mostly in [[Maharashtra]] and parts of [[Madhya Pradesh]] however small numbers can be found in [[Gujarat]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]. The word Pardhi is derived from the [[Marathi language|Marathi]] word ‘''Paradh''’ which means hunting and [[Sanskrit]] word ‘''papardhi''’ which means hunting or the game to be hunted. In some parts of India Pardhis are known as ''Meywarees.'' They also have various other names like Advichincher, Phans Pardhi, Phanse Pardhi, Langoli Pardhi, [[Bahelia]], Bahellia, Chita Pardhi, Shikari, Takankar, Takia Pardhi. Pardhi tribe is divided in groups like Vaghri Pardhi and Phase Pardhi''.'' These are further divided into subgroups like Pal Pardhi, Gav Pardhi, Takankar, Takari. Widely found surnames among them include [[Chauhan Dynasty|Chauhan]] (Chavan), Rathod and Solanki.<ref>[http://www.ambedkar.org/jamanadas/CriminalTribes.htm History of Paradhis ''ambedkar.org'']</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
The Pardhis claim to be descendants of the [[Rajput]]s, although this origin is not supported by verifiable historical evidence. They reportedly speak a dialect of [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]] among themselves, and their names often end with the suffix "-singh". It is also claimed that the Pardhis have adopted Rajput surnames such as Salunkhe, Rathod, Sindiya, and Chauhan (Chavan) in an effort to assert higher social status. Additionally, they are said to have adopted Maratha surnames such as Pawar, Shinde, and Dabhade. According to some accounts, the Pardhis originated in [[Rajasthan]] and migrated to [[Maharashtra]] and other states through [[Gujarat]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite thesis|last=Ganga|first=Shodh|title=Ethnography of Pardhi Adivasis|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/183444/15/11_chapter%203.pdf|at=Chapter III}}</ref><br />
<br />
While in Gujarat, they took up Gujarati culture. They intermixed with [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] community and started speaking their language and also started worshipping [[Khodiyar]] Mata as their Kuldevi.{{Cn|date=January 2025}}<br />
<br />
== Present day distribution ==<br />
[[File:टाकणकार.JPG|thumb|Pardhi children]]<br />
According to the [[Census in British India|1901 census in British India]], the total number of Pardhi population was 12,214 of which 6,320 men and 5,894 women. During the same period in the state of Madhya Pradesh in the cities of [[Bhopal]], [[Raisen]] and [[Sehore district|Sehore]] the total population of Pardhis were 1831. In the same state Bahelias and Chitas are also grouped with Pardhis. According to the 1981 census their number is 8,066. In Gujarat in 1981 census, Pardhi population is 814. In Maharashtra the Pardhi population is 95,115 (census data, 1981). According to 2001 census the total population of Pardhis in Maharashtra is 159,875. They are mainly spread over the districts of [[Amravati district|Amravati]] (20,568) [[Akola district|Akola]] (17,578) [[Buldhana district|Buldhana]] (16428) [[Jalgaon]] (16,849) [[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]] (8,129) [[Osmanabad]] (9,959) [[Pune]] (7,230) and the other districts they are scattered. The Pardhi population data o f [[Mumbai]] is not available in the census record.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Language ==<br />
{{Main|Pardhi language}}<br />
Pardhis speak mixed dialects of Rajasthani and Gujarati mainly [[Wagdi language]] and [[Pardhi language]]. These languages are grouped in Bhil languages of western Indo-Aryan language group. The Bhil languages form a link midway between the [[Gujarati language]] and the [[Rajasthani–Marwari]] languages. Pardhi language is a spoken language which is North Bareli dialect of Bhil languages. It is an important language of the community. Apart from Pardhi language they speak [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], Rajasthani, [[Kannada|Kanarese]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], Marwari, [[Khandeshi language|Ahirani]] languages depending on their location.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Culture ==<br />
<br />
Pardhi culture is very similar to Rajasthani culture due to their Rajasthani ancestry. However, their culture is a blend of Gujarati & Rajasthani culture. The marriage procession is of Rajasthani & Gujarati style. They follow the [[Shaktism]] sect of [[Hinduism]] and have certain Kuldevis similar to Rajputs.{{Cn|date=January 2025}} They worship Mauli Mata, Kalika Mata, Saptashrungi Mata, Vadekhan Mata and Khodiyar Mata as their Kuldevis. Dussehra is an important festival.{{Cn|date=January 2025}} They sacrifice a sheep or a goat to please the Kuldevis which is then distributed among the villagers. Animal sacrifice has been an integral part of Rajasthani culture since ancient times. However, the method of animal sacrifice is different in Pardhis than in Rajasthani Hindus. Rajasthani Hindus use the [[Jhatka]] method of sacrifice while the Pardhis use a method similar to [[Halal]] method, which is generally associated with Muslims.{{Cn|date=January 2025}}<br />
<br />
In 2018, Dr. Mahendra Kumar Mishra, a noted tribal folklorist, documented the Pardhi Ramkatha from a noted Singer Smt Kumari Devi from [[Belsonda]] village of [[Mahasamund district|Mahasamund]] District of [[Chhattisgarh]]. Besides, they have abundant knowledge of forest ecology culture and the local technology represented in their first narratives. Pardhi people are still waiting for their land rights and are still depending on fast-vanishing forests.{{Cn|date=January 2025}}<br />
<br />
== Criminal Branding ==<br />
Pardhis were prolific hunters. They were experts in ancient weaponry like Bows & arrows, swords and hunting traps. This made them highly efficient in guerrilla warfare. They were a nuisance for the British Empire along with other 150 Tribes of [[India]] who participated in [[1857 revolt]]. There were numerous other revolts against British by these tribal communities. To keep these tribal communities in check, [[British Raj|British]] Brought the [[Criminal Tribes Act]] and branded these tribes as criminals from birth. The criminal branding of the tribe goes back to 1871 after the [[British India|British]] passed the "[[Criminal Tribes Act]]". About a hundred and fifty tribes were branded as criminal, and the police were given sweeping powers to arrest them and watch over their movements.<br />
<br />
T. V. Stephens, a British officer at that time quoted:<br />
<blockquote> <br />
"... people from time immemorial have been pursuing the caste system defined job-positions: weaving, carpentry and such were hereditary jobs. So there must have been hereditary criminals also who pursued their forefathers’ profession."<br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
Volume XII of the 1880 Bombay Presidency Gazette has further comments about the group stating:<br />
<br />
<blockquote><br />
"They are still fond of hunting and poaching and have not got rid of their turn for thieving.... The Phase Pardhi [a sub-tribe] is nearly always ragged and dirty, walking with a sneaking gait."<br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
In 1952, the tribe was [[denotified tribes of India|denotified]] as "criminal" and named as a [[nomadic tribes in India|nomadic tribe]]. However this has not changed the public perception of the tribe, and they continue to be stigmatized and live as outcasts, further aggravating their economic hardships.<ref name=di>[http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/jan/18dilip.htm Bania Arrested for Spying] by Dilip D'Souza. ''[[Rediff.com]]'', 18 January 2003.</ref><ref name=par>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030701013834/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2003/06/01/stories/2003060100070400.htm Injustice, go away: Phase Pardhis are one of India's denotified tribes but the authorities and society in general continue to think of them as criminals] ''[[The Hindu]]'', Sunday, 1 June 2003.</ref><br />
<br />
Another Paradhi tribe called the [[Gav-Paradhi]], settled primarily in the [[Amravati District]] [[Maharashtra]], escaped the label of 'criminal tribe' as they were mostly [[agriculturalist]]s.{{Cn|date=January 2025}}<br />
<br />
==Discrimination==<br />
Public pressure often prevents the [[nomad]]ic community from settling in villages.{{Cn|date=January 2025}}<br />
<br />
Nowadays,{{Reltime|date=January 2025}} most of the settled Pardhis practice agriculture due to the strict imposition of the ban on hunting and poaching. The nomads go door to door to sell inexpensive items, handicrafts, or food items. A major portion of the child beggars of [[Mumbai]] belong to the Pardhi community. Stigma coupled with the lack of education has essentially crippled the community.{{Cn|date=January 2025}}<br />
<br />
==See also ==<br />
* [[Tiger poaching in India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.ambedkar.org/jamanadas/CriminalTribes.htm Criminal Tribes of India – History of Paradhis]<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]<br />
[[Category:Social groups of Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Social groups of Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Denotified tribes of India]]<br />
[[Category:Bhil clans]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celina_Olga_Moniz&diff=492960Celina Olga Moniz2026-01-14T19:26:55Z<p>Itssuvam: made new page</p>
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<div>{{orphan|date=January 2026}}<br />
{{Short description|Goan freedom fighter}}<br />
{{Orphan|date=October 2025}}<br />
<br />
'''Celina Olga Moniz''' was a Goan freedom fighter and social reformer active during Portuguese rule in [[Goa]]. She embraced radical methods of protest and endured imprisonment, while also defying social stigma in her pursuit of political and social justice.<br />
<br />
==Early activism==<br />
Moniz became involved in [[Anti-Portuguese sentiment|anti-Portuguese]] struggle in Goa, aligning herself with movements that challenged colonial authority. She was among a cohort of Goan women who took bold steps to confront both colonial power and conservative social norms.<ref name="TOIWomenFought">{{Cite web |title=Women who fought the Portuguese and social stigma |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/women-who-fought-the-portuguese-and-social-stigma/articleshow/88366759.cms |access-date=2025-06-20 |work=The Times of India |date=2021-12-19}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Imprisonment==<br />
Due to her activism, Moniz was jailed under the Portuguese regime. While in prison, she suffered the consequences of colonial punishment, which also carried social repercussions, especially for women dissenters.<ref name="NavhindBars">{{Cite web |title=Behind bars, beyond fear |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2025/06/18/magazines/buzz/behind-bars-beyond-fear/ |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=The Navhind Times |date=18 June 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
Her imprisonment and defiance made her a notable figure among Goan freedom fighters, particularly in campaigns highlighting women’s roles in the liberation movement.<ref name="TOIBoldWomen">{{<br />
Cite web |title=Bold and inspired: Goa's women freedom fighters |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/bold-and-inspired-goas-women-freedom-fighters/articleshow/64782957.cms |access-date=2025-06-20 |work=The Times of India |date=2018-06-28}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Moniz, Celina Olga}}<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]<br />
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]<br />
[[Category:Year of death missing]]<br />
[[Category:Women from Goa]]<br />
[[Category:Goa liberation activists]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2024_Guwahati_Masters&diff=4831792024 Guwahati Masters2026-01-14T18:31:42Z<p>Itssuvam: Stub...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Badminton tournament in Guwahati, India}}<br />
{{Infobox badminton event<br />
|name = {{nowrap|2024 Guwahati Masters}}<br />
|image = <br />
|caption =<br />
|dates = 3 December – 8 December<br />
|number_edition = 2nd<br />
|level = G2L6<br />
|prize_money = 100000<br />
|other = <br />
|venue = Sarju Sarai Indoor Sports Complex<br />
|location = [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]], India<br />
|MS = [[Sathish Karunakaran]]<br />
|country_MS = IND<br />
|WS = [[Cai Yanyan]]<br />
|country_WS = CHN<br />
|MD1 = [[Chia Wei Jie]]<br />
|country_MD1 = MAS<br />
|MD2 = [[Lwi Sheng Hao]]<br />
|country_MD2 = MAS<br />
|WD1 = [[Tanisha Crasto]]<br />
|country_WD1 = IND<br />
|WD2 = [[Ashwini Ponnappa]]<br />
|country_WD2 = IND<br />
|XD1 = [[Zhang Hanyu (badminton)|Zhang Hanyu]]<br />
|country_XD1 = CHN<br />
|XD2 = [[Bao Lijing]]<br />
|country_XD2 = CHN<br />
|previous = [[2023 Guwahati Masters|2023]]<br />
|next = [[2025 Guwahati Masters|2025]]<br />
}}<br />
The '''2024 Guwahati Masters''', known as '''Yonex-Sunrise Guwahati Masters 2024''' for sponsorship reasons, was a badminton tournament that took place at the Sarju Sarai Indoor Sports Complex, [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]], India from 3 to 8 December 2024. It had a total prize pool of US$100,000.<br />
{{TOC right}}<br />
<br />
== Tournament ==<br />
The 2024 Guwahati Masters was the thirty-eighth tournament of the [[2024 BWF World Tour]] and was the second edition [[Guwahati Masters]] championships. It was organized by the [[Badminton Association of India]] with sanction from the [[Badminton World Federation|BWF]].<ref name="pros">{{cite web |title=Prospectus Guwahati Masters 2024|url=https://extranet.bwf.sport/docs/events/4880/docs/India%20Masters%20S100%20Guwahati_Prospectus_UPDATED%2010Oct.pdf|publisher=[[Badminton World Federation]] |access-date=10 November 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Venue ===<br />
The tournament was held at Sarju Sarai Indoor Sports Complex in [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]], India.<ref name="pros"/><br />
<br />
=== Point distribution ===<br />
Below is the point distribution table for each phase of the tournament based on the [[BWF World Ranking|BWF points system]] for the [[BWF World Tour|BWF Tour Super 100]] event.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Ranking System |url=https://system.bwfbadminton.com/documents/folder_1_81/folder_1_82/New-Regulations-2018/5.3.3.1%20World%20Ranking%20System.pdf |publisher=Badminton World Federation |accessdate=27 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510005434/https://system.bwfbadminton.com/documents/folder_1_81/folder_1_82/New-Regulations-2018/5.3.3.1%20World%20Ranking%20System.pdf |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! width="75" | Winner<br />
! width="75" | Runner-up<br />
! width="75" | 3/4<br />
! width="75" | 5/8<br />
! width="75" | 9/16<br />
! width="75" | 17/32<br />
! width="75" | 33/64<br />
! width="75" | 65/128<br />
! width="75" | 129/256<br />
|-<br />
| 5,500 || 4,680 || 3,850 || 3,030 || 2,110 || 1,290 || 510 || 240 || 100<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Prize pool ===<br />
The total prize money was US$100,000 with the distribution of the prize money in accordance with BWF regulations.<ref name="pros"/><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
| width="104px" | '''Event'''<br />
| width="68px" | '''Winner'''<br />
| width="68px" | '''Finalist'''<br />
| width="68px" | '''Semi-finals'''<br />
| width="80px" | '''Quarter-finals'''<br />
| width="68px" | '''Last 16'''<br />
|-<br />
| bgcolor="#DFE2E9" | '''Singles'''<br />
| $7,500 || $3,800 || $1,450 || $600 || $350<br />
|-<br />
| bgcolor="#DFE2E9" | '''Doubles'''<br />
| $7,900 || $3,800 || $1,400 || $725 || $375<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Men's singles ==<br />
=== Seeds ===<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Priyanshu Rajawat]] ''(third round)''<br />
#{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Jason Teh]] ''(third round)''<br />
# '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sathish Karunakaran]] (champion)'''<br />
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Shetty]] ''(quarter-finals)''<br />
#{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Mads Christophersen]] ''(third round)''<br />
#{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wang Zhengxing]] ''(semi-finals)''<br />
#{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Cheam June Wei]] ''(semi-finals)''<br />
#{{flagicon|THA}} [[Panitchaphon Teeraratsakul]] ''(third round)''<br />
{{colend}}<br />
<br />
=== Finals ===<br />
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD-shade=#A8D3FF<br />
| RD1=Semi-finals<br />
| RD2=Final<br />
| team-width=175<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = 6<br />
| RD1-team1 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wang Zhengxing]]<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = 14<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = 16<br />
| RD1-seed2 = 3<br />
| RD1-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sathish Karunakaran]]'''<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = 13<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = 7<br />
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Cheam June Wei]]<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = 12<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = 1<sup>r</sup><br />
| RD1-seed4 = Q2<br />
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhu Xuanchen]]'''<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = 10<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = 7<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = 3<br />
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sathish Karunakaran]]'''<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed2 = Q2<br />
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhu Xuanchen]]<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = 17<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = 14<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Top half ===<br />
==== Section 1 ====<br />
{{16TeamBracket-Tennis3-Byes<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Third round<br />
| RD4=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = <br />
| RD1-team3 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arya Bhivpathaki|A Bhivpathaki]]'''<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed4 = PFQ<br />
| RD1-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tushar Suveer|T Suveer]]<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = 15<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = 19<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed7 = <br />
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Saneeth Dayanand|S Dayanand]]<br />
| RD1-score7-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score7-2 = 13<br />
| RD1-score7-3 = 21<br />
| RD1-seed8 = <br />
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tharun Mannepalli|T Mannepalli]]'''<br />
| RD1-score8-1 = 10<br />
| RD1-score8-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score8-3 = '''23'''<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed11 = <br />
| RD1-team11 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranay Katta|P Katta]]<br />
| RD1-score11-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score11-2 = 17<br />
| RD1-score11-3 = 15<br />
| RD1-seed12 = <br />
| RD1-team12 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bharat Raghav|B Raghav]]'''<br />
| RD1-score12-1 = 13<br />
| RD1-score12-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score12-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed15 = Q4<br />
| RD1-team15 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Liu Yuxuan|Liu YX]]'''<br />
| RD1-score15-1= '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score15-2= '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score15-3= <br />
| RD1-seed16 = PFQ<br />
| RD1-team16 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Govind Krishna|G Krishna]]<br />
| RD1-score16-1= 10<br />
| RD1-score16-2= 13<br />
| RD1-score16-3= <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = 1<br />
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Priyanshu Rajawat|P Rajawat]]'''<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = '''22'''<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed2 = <br />
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arya Bhivpathaki|A Bhivpathaki]]<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = 20<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = 14<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = PFQ<br />
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Abhinav Thakur|A Thakur]]<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = 11<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = 7<br />
| RD2-seed4 = <br />
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tharun Mannepalli|T Mannepalli]]'''<br />
| RD2-score4-1 = 13<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed5 = 6<br />
| RD2-team5 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wang Zhengxing|Wang ZX]]'''<br />
| RD2-score5-1 = '''27'''<br />
| RD2-score5-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score5-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed6 = <br />
| RD2-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bharat Raghav|B Raghav]]<br />
| RD2-score6-1 = 25<br />
| RD2-score6-2 = 10<br />
| RD2-score6-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed7 = <br />
| RD2-team7 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Manraj Singh (badminton)|M Singh]]'''<br />
| RD2-score7-1 = '''22'''<br />
| RD2-score7-2 = 18<br />
| RD2-score7-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-seed8 = Q4<br />
| RD2-team8 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Liu Yuxuan|Liu YX]]<br />
| RD2-score8-1 = 20<br />
| RD2-score8-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score8-3 = 19<br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = 1<br />
| RD3-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Priyanshu Rajawat|P Rajawat]]<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = 22<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score1-3 = 13<br />
| RD3-seed2 = <br />
| RD3-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tharun Mannepalli|T Mannepalli]]'''<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = '''24'''<br />
| RD3-score2-2 = 15<br />
| RD3-score2-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD3-seed3 = 6<br />
| RD3-team3 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wang Zhengxing|Wang ZX]]'''<br />
| RD3-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score3-3 = <br />
| RD3-seed4 = <br />
| RD3-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Manraj Singh (badminton)|M Singh]]<br />
| RD3-score4-1 = 10<br />
| RD3-score4-2 = 15<br />
| RD3-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD4-seed1 =<br />
| RD4-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tharun Mannepalli|T Mannepalli]]<br />
| RD4-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD4-score1-2 = 16<br />
| RD4-score1-3 = 15<br />
| RD4-seed2 = 6<br />
| RD4-team2 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wang Zhengxing|Wang ZX]]'''<br />
| RD4-score2-1 = 14<br />
| RD4-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD4-score2-3 = '''21'''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==== Section 2 ====<br />
{{16TeamBracket-Tennis3-Byes<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Third round<br />
| RD4=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = Q7<br />
| RD1-team3 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wang Zijun|Wang ZJ]]'''<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed4 = Q6<br />
| RD1-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanskar Saraswat|S Saraswat]]<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = 18<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = 15<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed7 = <br />
| RD1-team7 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Aidil Sholeh|S Aidil]]'''<br />
| RD1-score7-1 = '''28'''<br />
| RD1-score7-2 = 13<br />
| RD1-score7-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-seed8 = Q1<br />
| RD1-team8 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rounak Chouhan|R Chouhan]]<br />
| RD1-score8-1 = 26<br />
| RD1-score8-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score8-3 = 18<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed11 = <br />
| RD1-team11 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chirag Sen|C Sen]]<br />
| RD1-score11-1 = 15<br />
| RD1-score11-2 = 18<br />
| RD1-score11-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed12 = <br />
| RD1-team12 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Raghu Mariswamy|R Mariswamy]]'''<br />
| RD1-score12-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score12-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score12-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed15 = <br />
| RD1-team15 = '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Saran Jamsri|S Jamsri]]'''<br />
| RD1-score15-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score15-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score15-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed16 = Q5<br />
| RD1-team16 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranay Shettigar|P Shettigar]]<br />
| RD1-score16-1 = 17<br />
| RD1-score16-2 = 19<br />
| RD1-score16-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = 3<br />
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sathish Karunakaran|S Karunakaran]]'''<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = 19<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-seed2 = Q7<br />
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wang Zijun|Wang ZJ]]<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = 16<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = 17<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = <br />
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Abhishek Saini|A Saini]]<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = 11<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = 17<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed4 = <br />
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Aidil Sholeh|S Aidil]]'''<br />
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed5 = 8<br />
| RD2-team5 = '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Panitchaphon Teeraratsakul|P Teeraratsakul]]'''<br />
| RD2-score5-1 = '''22'''<br />
| RD2-score5-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score5-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed6 = <br />
| RD2-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Raghu Mariswamy|R Mariswamy]]<br />
| RD2-score6-1 = 20<br />
| RD2-score6-2 = 19<br />
| RD2-score6-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed7 = <br />
| RD2-team7 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Athul John Mathew|A John Mathew]]<br />
| RD2-score7-1 = 12<br />
| RD2-score7-2 = 12<br />
| RD2-score7-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed8 = <br />
| RD2-team8 = '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Saran Jamsri|S Jamsri]]'''<br />
| RD2-score8-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score8-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score8-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = 3<br />
| RD3-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sathish Karunakaran|S Karunakaran]]'''<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = 9<br />
| RD3-score1-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-seed2 = <br />
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Aidil Sholeh|S Aidil]]<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = 19<br />
| RD3-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score2-3 = 7<br />
<br />
| RD3-seed3 = 8<br />
| RD3-team3 = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Panitchaphon Teeraratsakul|P Teeraratsakul]]<br />
| RD3-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score3-2 = 11<br />
| RD3-score3-3 = 21<br />
| RD3-seed4 = <br />
| RD3-team4 = '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Saran Jamsri|S Jamsri]]'''<br />
| RD3-score4-1 = 15<br />
| RD3-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score4-3 = '''23'''<br />
<br />
| RD4-seed1 = 3<br />
| RD4-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sathish Karunakaran|S Karunakaran]]'''<br />
| RD4-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD4-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD4-score1-3 = <br />
| RD4-seed2 = <br />
| RD4-team2 = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Saran Jamsri|S Jamsri]]<br />
| RD4-score2-1 = 19<br />
| RD4-score2-2 = 13<br />
| RD4-score2-3 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Bottom half ===<br />
==== Section 3 ====<br />
{{16TeamBracket-Tennis3-Byes<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Third round<br />
| RD4=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = <br />
| RD1-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lakshay Sharma|L Sharma]]<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = 15<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = 17<br />
| RD1-seed2 = <br />
| RD1-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tarun Reddy Katam|T Katam]]'''<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = 19<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed5 = <br />
| RD1-team5 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aditya Gupta|A Gupta]]<br />
| RD1-score5-1 = 6<br />
| RD1-score5-2 = 20<br />
| RD1-score5-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed6 = <br />
| RD1-team6 = '''{{flagicon|SRI}} [[Rasindu Hendahewa|R Hendahewa]]'''<br />
| RD1-score6-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score6-2 = '''22'''<br />
| RD1-score6-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed9 = <br />
| RD1-team9 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sankar Subramanian|S Subramanian]]'''<br />
| RD1-score9-1 = 20<br />
| RD1-score9-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score9-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-seed10 = <br />
| RD1-team10 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Orijit Chaliha|O Chaliha]]<br />
| RD1-score10-1 = '''22'''<br />
| RD1-score10-2 = 14<br />
| RD1-score10-3 = 18<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed13 = <br />
| RD1-team13 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[B. M. Rahul Bharadwaj|B M R Bharadwaj]]<br />
| RD1-score13-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score13-2 = 19<br />
| RD1-score13-3 = 11<br />
| RD1-seed14 = <br />
| RD1-team14 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mithun Manjunath|M Manjunath]]'''<br />
| RD1-score14-1 = 16<br />
| RD1-score14-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score14-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = <br />
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tarun Reddy Katam|T Katam]]<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = 16<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = 15<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed2 = <br />
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|AZE}} [[Ade Resky Dwicahyo|A R Dwicahyo]]'''<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = <br />
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Rasindu Hendahewa|R Hendahewa]]<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = 13<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = 14<br />
| RD2-seed4 = 7<br />
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Cheam June Wei|Cheam J W]]'''<br />
| RD2-score4-1 = 17<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed5 = <br />
| RD2-team5 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sankar Subramanian|S Subramanian]]'''<br />
| RD2-score5-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score5-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score5-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed6 = PFQ<br />
| RD2-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Abhyansh Singh|A Singh]]<br />
| RD2-score6-1 = 10<br />
| RD2-score6-2 = 8<br />
| RD2-score6-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed7 = <br />
| RD2-team7 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mithun Manjunath|M Manjunath]]<br />
| RD2-score7-1 = 11<br />
| RD2-score7-2 = 11<br />
| RD2-score7-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed8 = 4<br />
| RD2-team8 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Shetty|A Shetty]]'''<br />
| RD2-score8-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score8-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score8-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = <br />
| RD3-team1 = {{flagicon|AZE}} [[Ade Resky Dwicahyo|A R Dwicahyo]]<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = 14<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = 9<br />
| RD3-score1-3 = <br />
| RD3-seed2 = 7<br />
| RD3-team2 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Cheam June Wei|Cheam J W]]'''<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD3-seed3 = <br />
| RD3-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sankar Subramanian|S Subramanian]]<br />
| RD3-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score3-2 = 20<br />
| RD3-score3-3 = 21<br />
| RD3-seed4 = 4<br />
| RD3-team4 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Shetty|A Shetty]]'''<br />
| RD3-score4-1 = 19<br />
| RD3-score4-2 = '''22'''<br />
| RD3-score4-3 = '''23'''<br />
<br />
| RD4-seed1 = 7<br />
| RD4-team1 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Cheam June Wei|Cheam J W]]'''<br />
| RD4-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD4-score1-2 = 16<br />
| RD4-score1-3 = '''22'''<br />
| RD4-seed2 = 4<br />
| RD4-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Shetty|A Shetty]]<br />
| RD4-score2-1 = 14<br />
| RD4-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD4-score2-3 = 20<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==== Section 4 ====<br />
{{16TeamBracket-Tennis3-Byes<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Third round<br />
| RD4=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = <br />
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[M. Atef Haikal Taufik|M Atef H T]]'''<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = '''22'''<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed2 = <br />
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Abhishek Yeligar|A Yeligar]]<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = 20<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = 16<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed5 = <br />
| RD1-team5 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Siddharth Pratap Singh|S P Singh]]<br />
| RD1-score5-1 = 18<br />
| RD1-score5-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score5-3 = 17<br />
| RD1-seed6 = <br />
| RD1-team6 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Alap Mishra|A Mishra]]'''<br />
| RD1-score6-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score6-2 = 16<br />
| RD1-score6-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed9 = Q2<br />
| RD1-team9 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhu Xuanchen|Zhu XC]]'''<br />
| RD1-score9-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score9-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score9-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed10 = PFQ<br />
| RD1-team10 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Varun Kapur|V Kapur]]<br />
| RD1-score10-1 = 17<br />
| RD1-score10-2 = 7<br />
| RD1-score10-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed13 = <br />
| RD1-team13 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Hu Zhean|Hu ZA]]'''<br />
| RD1-score13-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score13-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score13-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed14 = PFQ<br />
| RD1-team14 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Naren Shankar Iyer|N S Iyer]]<br />
| RD1-score14-1 = 18<br />
| RD1-score14-2 = 15<br />
| RD1-score14-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = <br />
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|MAS}} [[M. Atef Haikal Taufik|M Atef H T]]<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = 7<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = 6<br />
| RD2-seed2 = <br />
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ravi Ravi|R Ravi]]'''<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = 10<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = <br />
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Alap Mishra|A Mishra]]<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = 12<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = '''22'''<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = 15<br />
| RD2-seed4 = 5<br />
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Mads Christophersen|M Christophersen]]'''<br />
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = 20<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed5 = Q2<br />
| RD2-team5 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhu Xuanchen|Zhu XC]]'''<br />
| RD2-score5-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score5-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score5-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed6 = Q8<br />
| RD2-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Siddhartha Mishra|S Mishra]]<br />
| RD2-score6-1 = 15<br />
| RD2-score6-2 = 17<br />
| RD2-score6-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed7 = <br />
| RD2-team7 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Hu Zhean|Hu ZA]]<br />
| RD2-score7-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score7-2 = 18<br />
| RD2-score7-3 = 12<br />
| RD2-seed8 = 2<br />
| RD2-team8 = '''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Jason Teh|J Teh]]'''<br />
| RD2-score8-1 = 16<br />
| RD2-score8-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score8-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = <br />
| RD3-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ravi Ravi|R Ravi]]'''<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = 21<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score1-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-seed2 = 5<br />
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Mads Christophersen|M Christophersen]]<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = '''23'''<br />
| RD3-score2-2 = 17<br />
| RD3-score2-3 = 14<br />
<br />
| RD3-seed3 = Q2<br />
| RD3-team3 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhu Xuanchen|Zhu XC]]'''<br />
| RD3-score3-1 = 17<br />
| RD3-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score3-3 = 17<br />
| RD3-seed4 = 2<br />
| RD3-team4 = {{flagicon|SGP}} [[Jason Teh|J Teh]]<br />
| RD3-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score4-2 = 19<br />
| RD3-score4-3 = 5<sup>r</sup><br />
<br />
| RD4-seed1 =<br />
| RD4-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ravi Ravi|R Ravi]]<br />
| RD4-score1-1 = 18<br />
| RD4-score1-2 = 8<br />
| RD4-score1-3 =<br />
| RD4-seed2 = Q2<br />
| RD4-team2 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhu Xuanchen|Zhu XC]]'''<br />
| RD4-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD4-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD4-score2-3 =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Women's singles ==<br />
=== Seeds ===<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Malvika Bansod]] ''(withdrew)''<br />
#{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kaoru Sugiyama]] ''(second round)''<br />
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anupama Upadhyaya]] ''(withdrew)''<br />
#{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Lo Sin Yan]] ''(second round)''<br />
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rakshitha Ramraj]] ''(withdrew)''<br />
#{{flagicon|MYA}} [[Thet Htar Thuzar]] ''(first round)''<br />
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanya Hemanth]] ''(first round)''<br />
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Isharani Baruah]] ''(first round)''<br />
{{colend}}<br />
<br />
=== Finals ===<br />
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD-shade=#A8D3FF<br />
| RD1=Semi-finals<br />
| RD2=Final<br />
| team-width=175<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = Q4<br />
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Cai Yanyan]]'''<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed2 = <br />
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wu Luoyu]]<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = 16<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = 18<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = &nbsp;<br />
| RD1-team3 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anmol Kharb]]'''<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed4 = <br />
| RD1-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mansi Singh]]<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = 19<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = 17<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = Q4<br />
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Cai Yanyan]]'''<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = 14<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-seed2 = <br />
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anmol Kharb]]<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = 13<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = 19<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Top half ===<br />
==== Section 1 ====<br />
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = 4<br />
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Lo Sin Yan|Lo S Y]]'''<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = '''22'''<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed2 = PFQ<br />
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Purva Barve|P Barve]]<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = 20<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = 14<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = PFQ<br />
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Annanya Pravin|A Pravin]]<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = 15<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = 13<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed4 = <br />
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Dai Wang|Dai W]]'''<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed5 = SWM<br />
| RD1-team5 = {{flagicon|AZE}} [[Keisha Fatimah Azzahra|K F Azzahra]]<br />
| RD1-score5-1 = 10<br />
| RD1-score5-2 = 12<br />
| RD1-score5-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed6 = Q4<br />
| RD1-team6 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Cai Yanyan|Cai YY]]'''<br />
| RD1-score6-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score6-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score6-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed7 = <br />
| RD1-team7 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Han Qianxi|Han QX]]'''<br />
| RD1-score7-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score7-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score7-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed8 = <br />
| RD1-team8 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Deepshikha Singh|D Singh]]<br />
| RD1-score8-1 = 15<br />
| RD1-score8-2 = 7<br />
| RD1-score8-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = 4<br />
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Lo Sin Yan|Lo S Y]]<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = 19<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = 15<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed2 = <br />
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Dai Wang|Dai W]]'''<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = Q4<br />
| RD2-team3 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Cai Yanyan|Cai YY]]'''<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed4 = <br />
| RD2-team4 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Han Qianxi|Han QX]]<br />
| RD2-score4-1 = 15<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = 8<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = <br />
| RD3-team1 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Dai Wang|Dai W]]<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = 10<br />
| RD3-score1-3 = 7<br />
| RD3-seed2 = Q4<br />
| RD3-team2 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Cai Yanyan|Cai YY]]'''<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = 17<br />
| RD3-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score2-3 = '''21'''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==== Section 2 ====<br />
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = SWM<br />
| RD1-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanya Hemanth|T Hemanth]]<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = 18<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = 14<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed2 = <br />
| RD1-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanvi Sharma|T Sharma]]'''<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = Q2<br />
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanishka Deshpande|T Deshpande]]<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = 10<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = 13<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed4 = <br />
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Hsieh Yi-en|Hsieh Y-e]]'''<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed5 = SWM<br />
| RD1-team5 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Unnati Hooda|U Hooda]]<br />
| RD1-score5-1 = 19<br />
| RD1-score5-2 = 14<br />
| RD1-score5-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed6 = <br />
| RD1-team6 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shriyanshi Valishetty|S Valishetty]]'''<br />
| RD1-score6-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score6-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score6-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed7 = <br />
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Sreeyuktha Sreejith Parol|S S Parol]]<br />
| RD1-score7-1 = 11<br />
| RD1-score7-2 = 5<br />
| RD1-score7-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed8 = <br />
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wu Luoyu|Wu LY]]'''<br />
| RD1-score8-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score8-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score8-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = <br />
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanvi Sharma|T Sharma]]<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed2 = <br />
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Hsieh Yi-en|Hsieh Y-e]]<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = 19<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = 8<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = <br />
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shriyanshi Valishetty|S Valishetty]]<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = 12<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = 12<br />
| RD2-seed4 = <br />
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wu Luoyu|Wu LY]]'''<br />
| RD2-score4-1 = 19<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = <br />
| RD3-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanvi Sharma|T Sharma]]<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = 15<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = 12<br />
| RD3-score1-3 = <br />
| RD3-seed2 = <br />
| RD3-team2 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wu Luoyu|Wu LY]]'''<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score2-3 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Bottom half ===<br />
==== Section 3 ====<br />
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = <br />
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Lalinrat Chaiwan|L Chaiwan]]'''<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed2 = PFQ<br />
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanishq Mamilla Palli|T Mamilla Palli]]<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = 5<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = 7<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = <br />
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ira Sharma|I Sharma]]<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = 13<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = 22<br />
| RD1-seed4 = SWM<br />
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tasnim Mir|T Mir]]'''<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = 19<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = '''24'''<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed5 = Q1<br />
| RD1-team5 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sreshta Reddy Kannareddy|S R Kannareddy]]<br />
| RD1-score5-1 = 11<br />
| RD1-score5-2 = 19<br />
| RD1-score5-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed6 = <br />
| RD1-team6 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tara Shah |T Shah]]'''<br />
| RD1-score6-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score6-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score6-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed7 = <br />
| RD1-team7 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anmol Kharb|A Kharb]]'''<br />
| RD1-score7-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score7-2 = 18<br />
| RD1-score7-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-seed8 = SWM<br />
| RD1-team8 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Isharani Baruah|I Baruah]]<br />
| RD1-score8-1 = 10<br />
| RD1-score8-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score8-3 = 18<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = <br />
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Lalinrat Chaiwan|L Chaiwan]]'''<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = 18<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = '''26'''<br />
| RD2-seed2 = SWM<br />
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tasnim Mir|T Mir]]<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = 11<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = 24<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = <br />
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tara Shah |T Shah]]<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = 9<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = 15<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed4 = <br />
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anmol Kharb|A Kharb]]'''<br />
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = <br />
| RD3-team1 = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Lalinrat Chaiwan|L Chaiwan]]<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = 13<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = '''24'''<br />
| RD3-score1-3 = 20<br />
| RD3-seed2 = <br />
| RD3-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anmol Kharb|A Kharb]]'''<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score2-2 = 22<br />
| RD3-score2-3 = '''22'''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==== Section 4 ====<br />
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = <br />
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mansi Singh|M Singh]]'''<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed2 = Q3<br />
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Adita Rao|A Rao]]<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = 18<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = 17<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = <br />
| RD1-team3 = '''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Chen Su-yu|Chen S-y]]'''<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed4 = 6<br />
| RD1-team4 = {{flagicon|MYA}} [[Thet Htar Thuzar|Thet Htar T]]<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = 18<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = 19<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed5 = <br />
| RD1-team5 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aashi Rawat|A Rawat]]<br />
| RD1-score5-1 = 9<br />
| RD1-score5-2 = 11<br />
| RD1-score5-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed6 = PFQ<br />
| RD1-team6 = '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Yataweemin Ketklieng|Y Ketklieng]]'''<br />
| RD1-score6-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score6-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score6-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed7 = <br />
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Ishika Jaiswal|I Jaiswal]]<br />
| RD1-score7-1 = 8<br />
| RD1-score7-2 = 6<br />
| RD1-score7-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed8 = 2<br />
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kaoru Sugiyama|K Sugiyama]]'''<br />
| RD1-score8-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score8-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score8-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = <br />
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mansi Singh|M Singh]]'''<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = 17<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-seed2 = <br />
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Chen Su-yu|Chen S-y]]<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = 13<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = 9<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = PFQ<br />
| RD2-team3 = '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Yataweemin Ketklieng|Y Ketklieng]]'''<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = '''22'''<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed4 = 2<br />
| RD2-team4 = {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kaoru Sugiyama|K Sugiyama]]<br />
| RD2-score4-1 = 19<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = 20<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = <br />
| RD3-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mansi Singh|M Singh]]'''<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = '''22'''<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score1-3 = <br />
| RD3-seed2 = PFQ<br />
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Yataweemin Ketklieng|Y Ketklieng]]<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = 20<br />
| RD3-score2-2 = 18<br />
| RD3-score2-3 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Men's doubles ==<br />
=== Seeds ===<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
#{{flagicon|DEN}} [[William Kryger Boe]] / [[Christian Faust Kjær]] ''(first round)''<br />
#{{flagicon|IND}} Hariharan Amsakarunan / [[Ruban Kumar Rethinasabapathi]] ''(quarter-finals)''<br />
#{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Rory Easton]] / [[Alex Green (badminton)|Alex Green]] ''(second round)''<br />
#{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lau Yi Sheng]] / [[Lee Yi Bo]] ''(quarter-finals)''<br />
#{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Cui Hechen]] / [[Peng Jianqin]] ''(semi-finals)''<br />
#{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Julien Maio]] / [[William Villeger]] ''(quarter-finals)''<br />
#{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Sun Wenjun]] / [[Zhu Yijun (badminton)|Zhu Yijun]] ''(second round)''<br />
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ishaan Bhatnagar]] / [[Sankar Prasad]] ''(first round)''<br />
{{colend}}<br />
<br />
=== Finals ===<br />
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD-shade=#A8D3FF<br />
| RD1=Semi-finals<br />
| RD2=Final<br />
| team-width=175<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = &nbsp;<br />
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Huang Di (badminton)|Huang Di]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Liu Yang (badminton)|Liu Yang]]'''<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = 18<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-seed2 = <br />
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Masayuki Onodera]]<br />{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Daigo Tanioka]]<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = 17<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = 13<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = &nbsp;<br />
| RD1-team3 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chia Wei Jie]]<br />{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lwi Sheng Hao]]'''<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = 18<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-seed4 = 5<br />
| RD1-team4 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Cui Hechen]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Peng Jianqin]]<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = 16<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = 10<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = &nbsp;<br />
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Huang Di (badminton)|Huang Di]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Liu Yang (badminton)|Liu Yang]]<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = '''22'''<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = 15<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = 17<br />
| RD2-seed2 = <br />
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chia Wei Jie]]<br />{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lwi Sheng Hao]]'''<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = 20<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = '''21'''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Top half ===<br />
==== Section 1 ====<br />
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = 1<br />
| RD1-team1 = {{flagicon|DEN}} [[William Kryger Boe|W K Boe]]<br />{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Christian Faust Kjær|C F Kjær]]<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = 20<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = 15<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed2 = <br />
| RD1-team2 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Huang Di (badminton)|Huang D]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Liu Yang (badminton)|Liu Y]]'''<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = '''22'''<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = Q3<br />
| RD1-team3 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhargav Ram Arigela|B R Arigela]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Viswa Tej Gobburu|V T Gobburu]]'''<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed4 = <br />
| RD1-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Achutaditya Rao Doddavarapu|A R Doddavarapu]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Siddarth Elango|S Elango]]<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = 16<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = 14<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed5 = 6<br />
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Julien Maio|J Maio]]<br />{{flagicon|FRA}} [[William Villeger|W Villeger]]'''<br />
| RD1-score5-1 = 17<br />
| RD1-score5-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score5-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-seed6 = <br />
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Makhija|A Makhija]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sujey Tamboli|S Tamboli]]<br />
| RD1-score6-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score6-2 = 16<br />
| RD1-score6-3 = 17<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed7 = Q4<br />
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arsh Mohammad|Ar Mohammad]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanskar Saraswat|S Saraswat]]<br />
| RD1-score7-1 = 16<br />
| RD1-score7-2 = 19<br />
| RD1-score7-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed8 = Q1<br />
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhavya Chhabra|B Chhabra]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Param Choudhary|P Choudhary]]'''<br />
| RD1-score8-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score8-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score8-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = <br />
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Huang Di (badminton)|Huang D]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Liu Yang (badminton)|Liu Y]]'''<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed2 = Q3<br />
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhargav Ram Arigela|B R Arigela]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Viswa Tej Gobburu|V T Gobburu]]<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = 17<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = 7<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = 6<br />
| RD2-team3 = '''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Julien Maio|J Maio]]<br />{{flagicon|FRA}} [[William Villeger|W Villeger]]'''<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed4 = Q1<br />
| RD2-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhavya Chhabra|B Chhabra]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Param Choudhary|P Choudhary]]<br />
| RD2-score4-1 = 9<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = 12<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = <br />
| RD3-team1 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Huang Di (badminton)|Huang D]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Liu Yang (badminton)|Liu Y]]<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = 19<br />
| RD3-score1-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-seed2 = 6<br />
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Julien Maio|J Maio]]<br />{{flagicon|FRA}} [[William Villeger|W Villeger]]<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = 19<br />
| RD3-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score2-3 = 18<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==== Section 2 ====<br />
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = 3<br />
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Rory Easton|R Easton]]<br />{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Alex Green (badminton)|A Green]]'''<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed2 = <br />
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|BHR}} [[Mohamed Muanis|M Muanis]]<br />{{flagicon|UAE}} [[Mohammed Munawar|M Munawar ]]<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = 9<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = 17<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = <br />
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Chen Xujun|Chen XJ]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Guo Ruohan|Guo RH]]<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = 14<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = 15<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed4 = <br />
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kakeru Kumagai|K Kumagai]]<br />{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hiroki Nishi|H Nishi]]'''<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed5 = 7<br />
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Sun Wenjun|Sun WJ]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhu Yijun (badminton)|Zhu YJ]]'''<br />
| RD1-score5-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score5-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score5-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed6 = Q2<br />
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nibir Ranjan|N Ranjan]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashith Surya|A Surya]]<br />
| RD1-score6-1 = 15<br />
| RD1-score6-2 = 16<br />
| RD1-score6-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed7 = <br />
| RD1-team7 = '''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Masayuki Onodera|M Onodera]]<br />{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Daigo Tanioka|D Tanioka]]'''<br />
| RD1-score7-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score7-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score7-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed8 = <br />
| RD1-team8 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanjai Srivatsa Dhanraj|S S Dhanraj]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sai Pavan Karri|S P Karri]]<br />
| RD1-score8-1 = 7<br />
| RD1-score8-2 = 6<br />
| RD1-score8-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = 3<br />
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Rory Easton|R Easton]]<br />{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Alex Green (badminton)|A Green]]<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = 18<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = 10<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed2 = <br />
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kakeru Kumagai|K Kumagai]]<br />{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hiroki Nishi|H Nishi]]'''<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = 7<br />
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Sun Wenjun|Sun WJ]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhu Yijun (badminton)|Zhu YJ]]<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = 13<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = 22<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed4 = <br />
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Masayuki Onodera|M Onodera]]<br />{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Daigo Tanioka|D Tanioka]]'''<br />
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = '''24'''<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = <br />
| RD3-team1 = {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kakeru Kumagai|K Kumagai]]<br />{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hiroki Nishi|H Nishi]]<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = 15<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = 16<br />
| RD3-score1-3 = <br />
| RD3-seed2 = <br />
| RD3-team2 = '''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Masayuki Onodera|M Onodera]]<br />{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Daigo Tanioka|D Tanioka]]'''<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score2-3 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Bottom half ===<br />
==== Section 3 ====<br />
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = <br />
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Abinash Mohanty|A Mohanty]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Pattanayak|A Pattanayak]]'''<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = 9<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-seed2 = <br />
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Viplav Kuvale|Vip Kuvale]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Viraj Kuvale|Vir Kuvale]]<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = 19<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = 14<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = <br />
| RD1-team3 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chia Wei Jie|Chia W J]]<br />{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lwi Sheng Hao|Lwi S H]]'''<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed4 = 8<br />
| RD1-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ishaan Bhatnagar|I Bhatnagar]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sankar Prasad|S Prasad]]<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = 15<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = 15<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed5 = <br />
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nithin H. V.]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Venkata Harsha Vardhan Rayudu Veeramreddy|V H V R Veeramreddy]]'''<br />
| RD1-score5-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score5-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score5-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed6 = <br />
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ajinkya Patharkar|A Patharkar]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ganesh Vittalji|G Vittalji]]<br />
| RD1-score6-1 = 9<br />
| RD1-score6-2 = 14<br />
| RD1-score6-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed7 = <br />
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Agarwal|A Agarwal]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nitin Kumar (badminton)|N Kumar]]<br />
| RD1-score7-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score7-2 = 15<br />
| RD1-score7-3 = 12<br />
| RD1-seed8 = 4<br />
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lau Yi Sheng|Lau Y S]]<br />{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lee Yi Bo|Lee Y B]]'''<br />
| RD1-score8-1 = 19<br />
| RD1-score8-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score8-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = <br />
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Abinash Mohanty|A Mohanty]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Pattanayak|A Pattanayak]]<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = 11<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = 13<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed2 = <br />
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chia Wei Jie|Chia W J]]<br />{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lwi Sheng Hao|Lwi S H]]'''<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = <br />
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nithin H. V.]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Venkata Harsha Vardhan Rayudu Veeramreddy|V H V R Veeramreddy]]<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = 18<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = 9<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed4 = 4<br />
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lau Yi Sheng|Lau Y S]]<br />{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lee Yi Bo|Lee Y B]]'''<br />
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = <br />
| RD3-team1 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chia Wei Jie|Chia W J]]<br />{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lwi Sheng Hao|Lwi S H]]'''<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = 19<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score1-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-seed2 = 4<br />
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lau Yi Sheng|Lau Y S]]<br />{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lee Yi Bo|Lee Y B]]<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score2-2 = 17<br />
| RD3-score2-3 = 16<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==== Section 4 ====<br />
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = <br />
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Prakash Raj (badminton)|P Raj]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gouse Shaik|G Shaik]]'''<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed2 = PFQ<br />
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chayanit Joshi|C Joshi]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mayank Rana|M Rana]]<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = 17<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = 14<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = <br />
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dingku Singh Konthoujam|D S Konthoujam]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Amaan Mohammad|Am Mohammad]]<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = 7<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = 9<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed4 = 5<br />
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Cui Hechen|Cui HC]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Peng Jianqin|Peng JQ]]'''<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed5 = <br />
| RD1-team5 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pruthvi Roy|P Roy]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Sai Pratheek|K S Pratheek]]<br />
| RD1-score5-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score5-2 = 19<br />
| RD1-score5-3 = 16<br />
| RD1-seed6 = <br />
| RD1-team6 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lim Tze Jian|Lim T J]]<br />{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Wong Tien Ci|Wong T C]]'''<br />
| RD1-score6-1 = 14<br />
| RD1-score6-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score6-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed7 = <br />
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|SGP}} [[Wesley Koh|W Koh]]<br />{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Junsuke Kubo|J Kubo]]<br />
| RD1-score7-1 = 12<br />
| RD1-score7-2 = 14<br />
| RD1-score7-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed8 = 2<br />
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} H Amsakarunan<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ruban Kumar Rethinasabapathi|R K Rethinasabapathi]]'''<br />
| RD1-score8-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score8-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score8-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = <br />
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prakash Raj (badminton)|P Raj]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gouse Shaik|G Shaik]]<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = 17<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = 15<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed2 = 5<br />
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Cui Hechen|Cui HC]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Peng Jianqin|Peng JQ]]'''<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = <br />
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lim Tze Jian|Lim T J]]<br />{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Wong Tien Ci|Wong T C]]<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = 13<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = '''22'''<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = 19<br />
| RD2-seed4 = 2<br />
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} H Amsakarunan<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ruban Kumar Rethinasabapathi|R K Rethinasabapathi]]'''<br />
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = 20<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = 5<br />
| RD3-team1 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Cui Hechen|Cui HC]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Peng Jianqin|Peng JQ]]'''<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score1-3 = <br />
| RD3-seed2 = 2<br />
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} H Amsakarunan<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ruban Kumar Rethinasabapathi|R K Rethinasabapathi]]<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = 10<br />
| RD3-score2-2 = 19<br />
| RD3-score2-3 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Women's doubles ==<br />
=== Seeds ===<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
# '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanisha Crasto]] / [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] (champions)'''<br />
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rutaparna Panda]] / [[Swetaparna Panda]] ''(first round)''<br />
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Priya Konjengbam]] / [[Shruti Mishra]] ''(quarter-finals)''<br />
#{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Cheng Yu-pei]] / [[Sun Yu-hsing]] ''(second round)''<br />
#{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Huang Kexin]] / [[Tang Ruizhi]] ''(quarter-finals)''<br />
#{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Lui Lok Lok]] / [[Tsang Hiu Yan]] ''(semi-finals)''<br />
#{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Chen Su-yu]] / [[Hsieh Yi-en]] ''(quarter-finals)''<br />
#{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Bao Lijing]] / [[Li Qian (badminton)|Li Qian]] ''(quarter-finals)''<br />
{{colend}}<br />
<br />
=== Finals ===<br />
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD-shade=#A8D3FF<br />
| RD1=Semi-finals<br />
| RD2=Final<br />
| team-width=175<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = 1<br />
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanisha Crasto]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]]'''<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed2 = <br />
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Keng Shuliang]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wang Tingge]]<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = 14<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = 14<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = 6<br />
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Lui Lok Lok]]<br />{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Tsang Hiu Yan]]<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = 10<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = 7<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed4 = <br />
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Li Huazhou]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wang Zimeng]]'''<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = 1<br />
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanisha Crasto]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]]'''<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed2 = <br />
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Li Huazhou]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wang Zimeng]]<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = 18<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = 12<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Top half ===<br />
==== Section 1 ====<br />
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = 1<br />
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanisha Crasto|T Crasto]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa|A Ponnappa]]'''<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed2 = <br />
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Trisha Hegde|T Hegde]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ritika Thaker|R Thaker]]<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = 13<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = 11<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = Q1<br />
| RD1-team3 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Amrutha Pramuthesh|A Pramuthesh]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sonali Singh|S Singh]]'''<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed4 = <br />
| RD1-team4 = {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Nidhi Desai|N Desai]]<br />{{flagicon|UAE}} [[Sreeyuktha Sreejith Parol|S S Parol]]<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = 16<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = 12<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed5 = 5<br />
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Huang Kexin|Huang KX]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Tang Ruizhi|Tang RZ]]'''<br />
| RD1-score5-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score5-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score5-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed6 = <br />
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhanyaa Nandakumar|D Nandakumar]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arul Bala Radhakrishnan|A B Radhakrishnan]]<br />
| RD1-score6-1 = 13<br />
| RD1-score6-2 = 13<br />
| RD1-score6-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed7 = <br />
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rashmi Ganesh|R Ganesh]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sania Sikkandar|S Sikkandar]]<br />
| RD1-score7-1 = 16<br />
| RD1-score7-2 = 11<br />
| RD1-score7-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed8 = <br />
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Ashwini Bhat|K A Bhat]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shikha Gautam|S Gautam]]'''<br />
| RD1-score8-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score8-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score8-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = 1<br />
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanisha Crasto|T Crasto]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa|A Ponnappa]]'''<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed2 = Q1<br />
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Amrutha Pramuthesh|A Pramuthesh]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sonali Singh|S Singh]]<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = 17<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = 17<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = 5<br />
| RD2-team3 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Huang Kexin|Huang KX]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Tang Ruizhi|Tang RZ]]'''<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed4 = <br />
| RD2-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Ashwini Bhat|K A Bhat]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shikha Gautam|S Gautam]]<br />
| RD2-score4-1 = 16<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = 8<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = 1<br />
| RD3-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanisha Crasto|T Crasto]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa|A Ponnappa]]'''<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score1-3 = <br />
| RD3-seed2 = 5<br />
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Huang Kexin|Huang KX]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Tang Ruizhi|Tang RZ]]<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = 18<br />
| RD3-score2-2 = 13<br />
| RD3-score2-3 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
==== Section 2 ====<br />
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = 4<br />
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Cheng Yu-pei|Cheng Y-p]]<br />{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Sun Yu-hsing|Sun Y-h]]'''<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed2 = <br />
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Alisha Khan|A Khan]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sri Sai Sravya Lakkamraju|S S S Lakkamraju]]<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = 16<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = 10<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = Q4<br />
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranavi Natarajan|P Natarajan]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Riduvarshini Ramasamy|R Ramasamy]]<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = 14<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = 12<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed4 = <br />
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Keng Shuliang|Keng SL]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wang Tingge|Wang TG]]'''<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed5 = 8<br />
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Bao Lijing|Bao LJ]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Li Qian (badminton)|Li Q]]'''<br />
| RD1-score5-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score5-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score5-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed6 = <br />
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Navdha Manglam|N Manglam]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Divya R. Balasubramanian|D R Balasubramanian]]<br />
| RD1-score6-1 = 13<br />
| RD1-score6-2 = 11<br />
| RD1-score6-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed7 = <br />
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kanika Kanwal|K Kanwal]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bharti Pal|B Pal]]<br />
| RD1-score7-1 = 17<br />
| RD1-score7-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score7-3 = 17<br />
| RD1-seed8 = <br />
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Unnati Hooda|U Hooda]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ridhi Kaur Toor|R K Toor]]'''<br />
| RD1-score8-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score8-2 = 18<br />
| RD1-score8-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = 4<br />
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Cheng Yu-pei|Cheng Y-p]]<br />{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Sun Yu-hsing|Sun Y-h]]<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = 18<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = 13<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed2 = <br />
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Keng Shuliang|Keng SL]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wang Tingge|Wang TG]]'''<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = 8<br />
| RD2-team3 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Bao Lijing|Bao LJ]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Li Qian (badminton)|Li Q]]'''<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed4 = <br />
| RD2-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Unnati Hooda|U Hooda]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ridhi Kaur Toor|R K Toor]]<br />
| RD2-score4-1 = 16<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = 12<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = <br />
| RD3-team1 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Keng Shuliang|Keng SL]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wang Tingge|Wang TG]]'''<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = 11<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = <br />
| RD3-score1-3 = <br />
| RD3-seed2 = 8<br />
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Bao Lijing|Bao LJ]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Li Qian (badminton)|Li Q]]<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = 8<sup>r</sup><br />
| RD3-score2-2 = <br />
| RD3-score2-3 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Bottom half ===<br />
==== Section 3 ====<br />
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = <br />
| RD1-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anagha Karandikar|A Karandikar]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Singh Siya|S Siya]]<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = 15<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = '''22'''<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = 13<br />
| RD1-seed2 = <br />
| RD1-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Prerana Alvekar|P Alvekar]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mrunmayee Deshpande (badminton)|M Deshpande]]'''<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = 20<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = <br />
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rituparna Das|R Das]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranika Holkar|P Holkar]]<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = 9<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = 7<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed4 = 6<br />
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Lui Lok Lok|Lui L L]]<br />{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Tsang Hiu Yan|Tsang H Y]]'''<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed5 = <br />
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anagha Aravinda Pai|A A Pai]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nardhana Ravishankar|N Ravishankar]]'''<br />
| RD1-score5-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score5-2 = 10<br />
| RD1-score5-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-seed6 = Q2<br />
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Deeksha Choudhary|D Choudhary]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nila Valluvan|N Valluvan]]<br />
| RD1-score6-1 = 14<br />
| RD1-score6-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score6-3 = 9<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed7 = <br />
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kavya Gupta|K Gupta]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Radhika Sharma|R Sharma]]<br />
| RD1-score7-1 = <br />
| RD1-score7-2 = <br />
| RD1-score7-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed8 = 3<br />
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Priya Konjengbam|P Konjengbam]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Mishra|S Mishra]]'''<br />
| RD1-score8-1 = w<br />
| RD1-score8-2 = /<br />
| RD1-score8-3 = o<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = <br />
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prerana Alvekar|P Alvekar]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mrunmayee Deshpande (badminton)|M Deshpande]]<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = 8<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = 10<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed2 = 6<br />
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Lui Lok Lok|Lui L L]]<br />{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Tsang Hiu Yan|Tsang H Y]]'''<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = <br />
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anagha Aravinda Pai|A A Pai]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nardhana Ravishankar|N Ravishankar]]<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = 17<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = 15<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed4 = 3<br />
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Priya Konjengbam|P Konjengbam]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Mishra|S Mishra]]'''<br />
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = 6<br />
| RD3-team1 = '''{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Lui Lok Lok|Lui L L]]<br />{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Tsang Hiu Yan|Tsang H Y]]'''<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = 19<br />
| RD3-score1-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-seed2 = 3<br />
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Priya Konjengbam|P Konjengbam]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Mishra|S Mishra]]<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = 17<br />
| RD3-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score2-3 = 17<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==== Section 4 ====<br />
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = PFQ<br />
| RD1-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Khushi Gupta|K Gupta]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Likhita Srivastava|L Srivastava]]<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = 17<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = 15<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed2 = <br />
| RD1-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gayatri Rawat|G Rawat]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mansa Rawat|M Rawat]]'''<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = <br />
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aparna Balan|A Balan]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gowri Krishna T R|T R G Krishna]]<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = 17<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = 11<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed4 = 7<br />
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Chen Su-yu|Chen S-y]]<br />{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Hsieh Yi-en|Hsieh Y-e]]'''<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed5 = PFQ<br />
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aradhana Balachandra|A Balachandra]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Muskaan Khan|M Khan]]'''<br />
| RD1-score5-1 = w<br />
| RD1-score5-2 = /<br />
| RD1-score5-3 = o<br />
| RD1-seed6 = Q3<br />
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|}}<br />{{flagicon|}}<br />
| RD1-score6-1 = <br />
| RD1-score6-2 = <br />
| RD1-score6-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed7 = <br />
| RD1-team7 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Li Huazhou|Li HZ]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wang Zimeng|Wang ZM]]'''<br />
| RD1-score7-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score7-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score7-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed8 = 2<br />
| RD1-team8 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rutaparna Panda|R Panda]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Swetaparna Panda|S Panda]]<br />
| RD1-score8-1 = 13<br />
| RD1-score8-2 = 15<br />
| RD1-score8-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = <br />
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gayatri Rawat|G Rawat]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mansa Rawat|M Rawat]]<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = 11<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = 17<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed2 = 7<br />
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Chen Su-yu|Chen S-y]]<br />{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Hsieh Yi-en|Hsieh Y-e]]'''<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = PFQ<br />
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aradhana Balachandra|A Balachandra]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Muskaan Khan|M Khan]]<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = 5<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = 6<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed4 = <br />
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Li Huazhou|Li HZ]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wang Zimeng|Wang ZM]]'''<br />
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = 7<br />
| RD3-team1 = {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Chen Su-yu|Chen S-y]]<br />{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Hsieh Yi-en|Hsieh Y-e]]<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = 12<br />
| RD3-score1-3 = 11<br />
| RD3-seed2 = <br />
| RD3-team2 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Li Huazhou|Li HZ]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wang Zimeng|Wang ZM]]'''<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = 17<br />
| RD3-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score2-3 = '''21'''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Mixed doubles ==<br />
=== Seeds ===<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sathish Karunakaran]] / [[Aadya Variyath]] ''(second round)''<br />
#{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Wong Tien Ci]] / [[Lim Chiew Sien]] ''(quarter-finals)''<br />
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rohan Kapoor (badminton)|Rohan Kapoor]] / [[Ruthvika Gadde]] ''(first round)''<br />
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashith Surya]] / [[Amrutha Pramuthesh]] ''(quarter-finals)''<br />
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhruv Kapila]] / [[Tanisha Crasto]] ''(semi-finals)''<br />
#{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Terry Hee]] / [[Jin Yujia]] ''(semi-finals)''<br />
#{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Julien Maio]] / [[Léa Palermo]] ''(second round)''<br />
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tarun Kona]] / [[Sri Krishna Priya Kudaravalli]] ''(first round)''<br />
{{colend}}<br />
<br />
=== Finals ===<br />
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD-shade=#A8D3FF<br />
| RD1=Semi-finals<br />
| RD2=Final<br />
| team-width=175<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = 5<br />
| RD1-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhruv Kapila]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanisha Crasto]]<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = 22<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = 11<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed2 = <br />
| RD1-team2 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhang Hanyu (badminton)|Zhang Hanyu]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Bao Lijing]]'''<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = '''24'''<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = &nbsp;<br />
| RD1-team3 = '''{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Rory Easton]]<br />{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Lizzie Tolman]]'''<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = 17<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-seed4 = 6<br />
| RD1-team4 = {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Terry Hee]]<br />{{flagicon|SIN}} [[Jin Yujia]]<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = 16<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = 10<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = &nbsp;<br />
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhang Hanyu (badminton)|Zhang Hanyu]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Bao Lijing]]'''<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed2 = <br />
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Rory Easton]]<br />{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Lizzie Tolman]]<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = 15<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = 16<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Top half ===<br />
==== Section 1 ====<br />
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = 1<br />
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sathish Karunakaran|S Karunakaran]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aadya Variyath|A Variyath]]'''<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed2 = <br />
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nithin H. V.]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anagha Aravinda Pai|A A Pai]]<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = 14<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = 10<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = <br />
| RD1-team3 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sathwik Reddy Kanapuram|S R Kanapuram]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vaishnavi Khadkekar|V Khadkekar]]'''<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed4 = <br />
| RD1-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chayanit Joshi|C Joshi]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kavya Gupta|K Gupta]]<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = 17<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = 15<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed5 = 5<br />
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhruv Kapila|D Kapila]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanisha Crasto|T Crasto]]'''<br />
| RD1-score5-1 = '''22'''<br />
| RD1-score5-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score5-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed6 = <br />
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Liao Pinyi|Liao PY]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Huang Kexin|Huang KX]]<br />
| RD1-score6-1 = 20<br />
| RD1-score6-2 = 19<br />
| RD1-score6-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed7 = <br />
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Farogh Sanjay Aman|F S Aman]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anagha Karandikar|A Karandikar]]<br />
| RD1-score7-1 = 11<br />
| RD1-score7-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score7-3 = 17<br />
| RD1-seed8 = <br />
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Agarwal|A Agarwal]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Mishra|S Mishra]]'''<br />
| RD1-score8-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score8-2 = 18<br />
| RD1-score8-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = 1<br />
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sathish Karunakaran|S Karunakaran]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aadya Variyath|A Variyath]]<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = 13<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = 17<br />
| RD2-seed2 = <br />
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sathwik Reddy Kanapuram|S R Kanapuram]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vaishnavi Khadkekar|V Khadkekar]]'''<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = 18<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = 5<br />
| RD2-team3 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhruv Kapila|D Kapila]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanisha Crasto|T Crasto]]'''<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = 15<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-seed4 = <br />
| RD2-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Agarwal|A Agarwal]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Mishra|S Mishra]] <br />
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = 10<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = 11<br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = <br />
| RD3-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sathwik Reddy Kanapuram|S R Kanapuram]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vaishnavi Khadkekar|V Khadkekar]]<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = 16<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = 14<br />
| RD3-score1-3 = <br />
| RD3-seed2 = 5<br />
| RD3-team2 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhruv Kapila|D Kapila]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanisha Crasto|T Crasto]]'''<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score2-3 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
==== Section 2 ====<br />
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = 4<br />
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashith Surya|A Surya]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Amrutha Pramuthesh|A Pramuthesh]]'''<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed2 = <br />
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Suraj Goala|S Goala]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Navdha Manglam|N Manglam]]<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = 12<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = 12<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = <br />
| RD1-team3 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dingku Singh Konthoujam|D S Konthoujam]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Maheshwari Devi Kshetrimayum|M Kshetrimayum]]'''<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed4 = <br />
| RD1-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Subramanian Sunjith|Subramanian S]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gowri Krishna T R|G Krishna]]<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = 11<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = 13<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed5 = 7<br />
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Julien Maio|J Maio]]<br />{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Léa Palermo|L Palermo]]'''<br />
| RD1-score5-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score5-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score5-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed6 = <br />
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohit Jaglan|M Jaglan]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lakshita Jaglan|L Jaglan]]<br />
| RD1-score6-1 = 7<br />
| RD1-score6-2 = 14<br />
| RD1-score6-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed7 = <br />
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nitin Kumar (badminton)|N Kumar]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ridhi Kaur Toor|R K Toor]]<br />
| RD1-score7-1 = 14<br />
| RD1-score7-2 = 20<br />
| RD1-score7-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed8 = <br />
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhang Hanyu (badminton)|Zhang HY]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Bao Lijing|Bao LJ]]'''<br />
| RD1-score8-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score8-2 = '''22'''<br />
| RD1-score8-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = 4<br />
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashith Surya|A Surya]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Amrutha Pramuthesh|A Pramuthesh]]'''<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = 18<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-seed2 = <br />
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dingku Singh Konthoujam|D S Konthoujam]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Maheshwari Devi Kshetrimayum|M Kshetrimayum]]<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = 14<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = 16<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = 7<br />
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Julien Maio|J Maio]]<br />{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Léa Palermo|L Palermo]]<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = 10<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = 16<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed4 = <br />
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhang Hanyu (badminton)|Zhang HY]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Bao Lijing|Bao LJ]]'''<br />
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = 4<br />
| RD3-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashith Surya|A Surya]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Amrutha Pramuthesh|A Pramuthesh]]<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = 13<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = 15<br />
| RD3-score1-3 = <br />
| RD3-seed2 = <br />
| RD3-team2 = '''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhang Hanyu (badminton)|Zhang HY]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Bao Lijing|Bao LJ]]'''<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score2-3 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Bottom half ===<br />
==== Section 3 ====<br />
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = Q1<br />
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rohith Mohankumar|R Mohankumar]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Riduvarshini Ramasamy|R Ramasamy]]'''<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed2 = <br />
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Harshvardhan Kothari|H Kothari]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aradhana Balachandra|A Balachandra]]<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = 10<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = 13<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = Q2<br />
| RD1-team3 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ajinkya Patharkar|A Patharkar]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kanika Kanwal|K Kanwal]]'''<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed4 = 8<br />
| RD1-team4 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tarun Kona|T Kona]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sri Krishna Priya Kudaravalli|S K P Kudaravalli]]<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = 14<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = 12<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed5 = <br />
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gouse Shaik|G Shaik]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Maneesha]]'''<br />
| RD1-score5-1 = '''22'''<br />
| RD1-score5-2 = 12<br />
| RD1-score5-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-seed6 = <br />
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arvind V Suresh|A Suresh]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhanyaa Nandakumar|D Nandakumar]]<br />
| RD1-score6-1 = 20<br />
| RD1-score6-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score6-3 = 12<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed7 = <br />
| RD1-team7 = '''{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Rory Easton|R Easton]]<br />{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Lizzie Tolman|L Tolman]]'''<br />
| RD1-score7-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score7-2 = 19<br />
| RD1-score7-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-seed8 = 3<br />
| RD1-team8 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rohan Kapoor (badminton)|R Kapoor]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ruthvika Gadde|R Gadde]]<br />
| RD1-score8-1 = 11<br />
| RD1-score8-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score8-3 = 12<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = Q1<br />
| RD2-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rohith Mohankumar|R Mohankumar]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Riduvarshini Ramasamy|R Ramasamy]]'''<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = 14<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-seed2 = Q2<br />
| RD2-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ajinkya Patharkar|A Patharkar]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kanika Kanwal|K Kanwal]]<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = 15<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = 14<br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = <br />
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gouse Shaik|G Shaik]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Maneesha]]<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = 17<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = 18<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed4 = <br />
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Rory Easton|R Easton]]<br />{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Lizzie Tolman|L Tolman]]'''<br />
| RD2-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = Q1<br />
| RD3-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rohith Mohankumar|R Mohankumar]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Riduvarshini Ramasamy|R Ramasamy]]<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = 16<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = 11<br />
| RD3-score1-3 = <br />
| RD3-seed2 = <br />
| RD3-team2 = '''{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Rory Easton|R Easton]]<br />{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Lizzie Tolman|L Tolman]]'''<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score2-3 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
==== Section 4 ====<br />
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3<br />
| RD1=First round<br />
| RD2=Second round<br />
| RD3=Quarter-finals<br />
| team-width=160<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed1 = <br />
| RD1-team1 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanjai Srivatsa Dhanraj|S S Dhanraj]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Trisha Hegde|T Hegde]]'''<br />
| RD1-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score1-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed2 = Q4<br />
| RD1-team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kevin Chaen Chhang Wong|K Wong]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nila Valluvan|N Valluvan]]<br />
| RD1-score2-1 = 16<br />
| RD1-score2-2 = 11<br />
| RD1-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed3 = <br />
| RD1-team3 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Gao Jiaxuan|Gao JX]]<br />{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Tang Ruizhi|Tang RZ]]<br />
| RD1-score3-1 = 13<br />
| RD1-score3-2 = 12<br />
| RD1-score3-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed4 = 6<br />
| RD1-team4 = '''{{flagicon|SIN}} [[Terry Hee|T Hee]]<br />{{flagicon|SIN}} [[Jin Yujia|Jin Y J]]'''<br />
| RD1-score4-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score4-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD1-seed5 = Q3<br />
| RD1-team5 = '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhargav Ram Arigela|B R Arigela]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vennala Kalagotla|V Kalagotla]]'''<br />
| RD1-score5-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score5-2 = 19<br />
| RD1-score5-3 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-seed6 = <br />
| RD1-team6 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Siddarth Elango|S Elango]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Diya Arun Arun|D A Arun]]<br />
| RD1-score6-1 = 12<br />
| RD1-score6-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score6-3 = 16<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed7 = <br />
| RD1-team7 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bokka Navaneeth|B Navaneeth]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ritika Thaker|R Thaker]]<br />
| RD1-score7-1 = 21<br />
| RD1-score7-2 = 14<br />
| RD1-score7-3 = <br />
| RD1-seed8 = 2<br />
| RD1-team8 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Wong Tien Ci|Wong T C]]<br />{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lim Chiew Sien|Lim C S]]'''<br />
| RD1-score8-1 = '''23'''<br />
| RD1-score8-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD1-score8-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed1 = <br />
| RD2-team1 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanjai Srivatsa Dhanraj|S S Dhanraj]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Trisha Hegde|T Hegde]]<br />
| RD2-score1-1 = 12<br />
| RD2-score1-2 = 9<br />
| RD2-score1-3 = <br />
| RD2-seed2 = 6<br />
| RD2-team2 = '''{{flagicon|SIN}} [[Terry Hee|T Hee]]<br />{{flagicon|SIN}} [[Jin Yujia|Jin Y J]]'''<br />
| RD2-score2-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score2-3 = <br />
<br />
| RD2-seed3 = Q3<br />
| RD2-team3 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhargav Ram Arigela|B R Arigela]]<br />{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vennala Kalagotla|V Kalagotla]]<br />
| RD2-score3-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score3-2 = 15<br />
| RD2-score3-3 = 9<br />
| RD2-seed4 = 2<br />
| RD2-team4 = '''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Wong Tien Ci|Wong T C]]<br />{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lim Chiew Sien|Lim C S]]'''<br />
| RD2-score4-1 = 18<br />
| RD2-score4-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD2-score4-3 = '''21'''<br />
<br />
| RD3-seed1 = 6<br />
| RD3-team1 = '''{{flagicon|SIN}} [[Terry Hee|T Hee]]<br />{{flagicon|SIN}} [[Jin Yujia|Jin Y J]]'''<br />
| RD3-score1-1 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score1-2 = '''21'''<br />
| RD3-score1-3 = <br />
| RD3-seed2 = 2<br />
| RD3-team2 = {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Wong Tien Ci|Wong T C]]<br />{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lim Chiew Sien|Lim C S]]<br />
| RD3-score2-1 = 14<br />
| RD3-score2-2 = 18<br />
| RD3-score2-3 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*[https://bwf.tournamentsoftware.com/tournament/F48D3E8E-B6B1-464E-87F4-1C2AC6C2201C Tournament link]<br />
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[[Category:December 2024 sports events in India|Guwahati Masters]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malbazar&diff=473251Malbazar2026-01-11T13:10:41Z<p>Itssuvam: updated page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Malbazar<br />
| other_name = Mal<br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = Town<br />
| image_skyline = Murti-malbazar.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia<br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|26.85|N|88.75|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = State<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipality]]<br/>Panchayat Samiti <br />
| governing_body = {{hlist|Malbazar Municipality|Malbazar Panchayat Samiti}}<br />
| leader_title = Municipality Chairperson<br />
| leader_name = Utpal Bhadhury<br />
| leader_title1 = Sabhapati<br />
| leader_name1 = Shusil Kumar Prasad<br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Malbazar Info|url=https://malmunicipality.org/placestovisite.php|website=malmunicipality.org|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref><br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 3.50<br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 25,218<ref name="census2011.co.in">{{cite web | url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/801639-mal.html | title=Mal Municipality City Population Census 2011-2022 &#124; West Bengal }}</ref><br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = 9851<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=Wb.gov.in|access-date=14 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=14 August 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref><br />
| demographics1_title2 = Additional&nbsp;official<br />
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]]<ref name="wblangoff"/><br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 735221<br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = 950/968 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]<ref name="census2011.co.in"/><br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalpaiguri (SC)]]<br />
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Mal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mal (ST)]]<br />
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Literacy rate]]<br />
| blank1_info_sec2 = 88.68%<br />
| website = [http://www.malmunicipality.org/ www.malmunicipality.org]<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Malbazar''', also known as '''Mal''', is a town and a [[municipality]] in [[Jalpaiguri district]]<ref>[http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/MAP2.htm Administrative setup of Jalpaiguri district] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208201633/http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/MAP2.htm |date=8 December 2008 }} from official website of [[Jalpaiguri District]]</ref> in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. It is the headquarters of the [[Malbazar subdivision]]. It lies about 65&nbsp;km from [[Jalpaiguri]] and 55&nbsp;km from [[Siliguri]]. It lies on the bank of river Neora.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Before 1947 Malbazar was a very small place, mainly known for its tea gardens mostly owned by [[British people]]. Those tea gardens had a few [[Bengalis|Bengali]] white collar employees and the work force consisted of tribal people.<br />
<br />
After independence of India as well as [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|partition of Bengal]] refugees from the then [[East Pakistan]] (now Bangladesh) started to settle here by cutting down forests. By that time, Narayan Chandra Bannerjee, Dr Amalendu Biswas (came from [[Pabna]]), Debaprasad Ghosh(Patal Babu), Dr Tarak Mukherjee, Nripendra nath Choudhary who came there from [[Dhaka]] established this city.{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}}<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
{{OSM Location map<br />
| width=410| height=350| zoom=10<br />
| coord={{coord|26|50|0|N|88|44|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places and tea estates in Malbabazar subdivision (including Mal, Nagrakata and Matiali CD blocks) in Jalpaiguri district'''<br />CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, NP: national park/ wildlife sanctuary, TE: tea estate<br />Abbreviations used in names – TG for Tea Garden (town/village), TE for Tea Estate, JRS: junction railway station<br />Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly<br />
|mark-coord1={{coord|26|53|1|N|88|47|53|E}}| label-pos1=top|label1= Chalsa| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Chalsa, India]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2<br />
|mark-coord2={{coord|26|52|30|N|88|44|10|E}}| label-pos2=top|label2=Malbazar| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= Malbazar (CT)|shape-color2=black| label-size2=13|label-color2=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colours --><br />
|mark-coord3={{coord|26|52|6|N|88|48|16|E}}| label-pos3=bottom|label3= Mangalbari| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Mangalbari]] (CT)<br />
|mark-coord4={{coord|26|43|6|N|88|45|57|E}}| label-pos4=bottom|label4= Lataguri| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Lataguri]] (CT)<br />
|mark-coord5={{coord|26|56|49|N|88|48|44|E}}| label-pos5=right|label5= Matelli| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Matialihat]] (CT)<br />
|mark-coord6={{coord|26|52|20|N|88|37|17|E}}| label-pos6=left|label6= Odlabari| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Odlabari]] (CT)<br />
|mark-coord7={{coord|26|50|20|N|88|37|1|E}}| label-pos7=right|label7= Dakshin Odlabari| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Dakshin Odlabari]] (CT)<br />
|mark-coord8={{coord|26|53|57|N|88|35|4|E}}| label-pos8=left|label8=Bagrakote| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Bagrakote]] (R)|shape-color8= #A42222<br />
|mark-coord9={{coord|26|50|20|N|88|47|43|E}}| label-pos9=bottom|label9=Batabari TG| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Batabari Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color9= #A42222<br />
|mark-coord10={{coord|26|52|10|N|88|40|1|E}}| label-pos10=top|label10=Dam Dim| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Dam Dim]] (R)|shape-color10= #A42222<br />
|mark-coord11={{coord|26|45|5|N|88|35|8|E}}| label-pos11=left|label11=Gajoldoba| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Gajoldoba]] (R)|shape-color11= #A42222<br />
|mark-coord12={{coord|26|54|33|N|88|43|39|E}}| label-pos12=left|label12=Gurjangjhora TG| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Gurjangjhora Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color12= #A42222<br />
|mark-coord13={{coord|26|50|15|N|88|49|31|E}}| label-pos13=right|label13=Murti| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Murti, Jalpaiguri]] (R)|shape-color13= #A42222<br />
|mark-coord14={{coord|26|53|12|N|88|54|55|E}}| label-pos14=right|label14=Nagrakata| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Nagrakata]] (R)|shape-color14= #A42222<br />
|mark-coord15={{coord|26|59|24|N|88|48|42|E}}| label-pos15=left|label15=Samsing| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Samsing]] (R)|shape-color15= #A42222<br />
|mark-coord16={{coord|26|51|52|N|88|54|23|E}}| label-pos16=right|label16=Sulkapara| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Sulkapara]] (R)|shape-color16= #A42222<br />
|mark-coord17={{coord|26|56|30|N|88|46|14|E}}| label-pos17=left|label17=Zurantee TG| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Zurantee Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color17= #A42222<br />
|mark-coord18={{coord|26|55|13|N|88|41|3|E}}| label-pos18= left |label18= Meenglas TE | numbered18=TE| mark-title18= [[Meenglas and Leesh River Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color18=#87A96B<br />
|mark-coord19={{coord|26|51|34|N|88|35|21|E}}| label-pos19= left |label19= Leesh River TE | numbered19=TE| mark-title19= [[Meenglas and Leesh River Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color19=#87A96B<br />
|mark-coord20={{coord|26|58|0|N|88|55|10|E}}| label-pos20= bottom |label20= Hope TE | numbered20=TE| mark-title20= [[Hope and Jiti Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color20=#87A96B<br />
|mark-coord21={{coord|26|58|54|N|88|55|39|E}}| label-pos21= right |label21= Jiti TE | numbered21=TE| mark-title21= [[Hope and Jiti Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color21=#87A96B<br />
|mark-coord22={{coord|26|57|47|N|88|46|59|E}}| label-pos22= left |label22= Chalouni TE | numbered22=TE| mark-title22= [[Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color22=#87A96B<br />
|mark-coord23={{coord|26|55|0|N|88|47|10|E}}| label-pos23= right |label23= Aibheeli TE | numbered23=TE| mark-title23= [[Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color23=#87A96B<br />
|mark-coord24={{coord|26|56|3|N|88|50|15|E}}| label-pos24= right |label24= Chalsa TE | numbered24=TE| mark-title24= [[Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color24=#87A96B<br />
|mark-coord25={{coord|26|46|20|N|88|48|0|E}}| label-pos25=bottom|label25=Gorumara |labela25= National| labelb25= Park| numbered25=NP| mark-title25= [[Gorumara National Park]] (NP)| shape-color25=#228B22<br />
|mark-coord26={{coord|26|54|20|N|88|51|18|E}}| label-pos26=bottom|label26=Chapramari |labela26= Wildlife| labelb26= Sanctuary| numbered26=NP| mark-title26= [[Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary]] (NP)| shape-color26=#228B22<br />
|mark-coord27={{coord|26|39|40|N|88|38|40|E}}|label27= Teesta River| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=60| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27=none<br />
|mark-coord28={{coord|26|49|0|N|88|57|0|E}}|label28= Gatia River| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=-45| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28=none<br />
|mark-coord29={{coord|26|41|0|N|88|53|0|E}}|label29= Jaldhaka River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=80| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29=none<br />
|arc-coordA={{coord|27|1|0|N|88|55|0|E}}|arc-textA= BHUTAN| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=20| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}}<br />
<br />
===Location===<br />
Mal is at {{coord|26.85|N|88.75|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url = http://maps.yahoo.com/#mvt=m&lat=26.85017&lon=88.74724&zoom=14&q1=mal%252C%2520west%2520bengal%252C%2520india<br />
|title = Yahoo maps of Mal<br />
|publisher = Yahoo maps<br />
|access-date = 29 November 2008<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
Malbazar is one of the more important towns in [[Dooars]].{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} It is strategically located in the eastern part of the [[Dooars]] region. The town itself is rather an economical hub and a doorway to Dooars than being a tourist spot. tourist destination of Eastern Dooars – [[Gorumara National Park]], [[Chapramari Wildlife Reserve]], [[Jhalong]], [[Bindu, India|Bindu]], [[Samsing]], [[Suntalekhola]] etc. could be accessed through the town.<br />
<br />
There is a government tourist lodge in Malbazar apart from a few private accommodations. An annual flower show is held, visited by people from places far and near.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}<br />
<br />
===Area overview===<br />
[[Gorumara National Park]] has overtaken traditionally popular [[Jaldapara National Park]] in footfall and Malbazar has emerged as one of the most important towns in the [[Dooars]]. Malbazar subdivision is presented in the map alongside.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://northbengaltourism.com/malbazar/ |title = Malbazar |publisher= North Bengal Tourism | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.north-bengal.com/dooars.html |title = Dooars Tour |publisher= North Bengal Tourism | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> It is a predominantly rural area with 88.62% of the population living in rural areas and 11.32% living in the urban areas.<ref name="admin">{{cite web | url = http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/district-profile| title = Jalpaiguri | work =District Profile | publisher = District administration |access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 13 July 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref> Tea gardens in the [[Dooars]] and [[Terai]] regions produce 226 million kg or over a quarter of India's total tea crop.<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.indiatea.org/tea_growing_regions |title = Tea Growing Regions | work= Dooars and Terai|publisher= Indian Tea Association | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.teaboard.gov.in/TEABOARDCSM/MTA=|title = Dooars-Terai |publisher= Tea Board India | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> Some tea gardens were identified in the 2011 census as [[census town]]s or villages.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> Such places are marked in the map as CT (census town) or R (rural/ urban centre). Specific tea estate pages are marked TE.<br />
<br />
<small>Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.</small><br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Mal had a total population of 25,218 of which 12,814 (51%) were males and 12,404 (49%) were females. There were 1,161 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The total number of literate people in Mal was 20,354 (84.61% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 2 July 2020 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[Demographics of India|2001 census]], Malbazar had a population of 23,212 out of which 12,111 were males and 11,101 were females. Decadal growth for the period 1991–2001 was 13.81% for Malbazar, against 21.52% in [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]] district. Decadal growth in [[West Bengal]] was 17.84%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_2.htm |title=Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, Jalpaiguri District |access-date=23 August 2007 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040713/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_2.htm |archive-date=19 July 2011 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Languages===<br />
{{Pie chart<br />
|thumb = right<br />
|caption = Languages spoken in Mal Town (2011)<ref name=Census_Language/><br />
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br />
|value1 = 64.07<br />
|color1 = red<br />
|label2 = [[Hindi]]<br />
|value2 = 16.43<br />
|color2 = orange <br />
|label3 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]<br />
|value3 = 5.65<br />
|color3 = green <br />
|label4 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]]<br />
|value4 = 5.53<br />
|color4 = pink<br />
|label5 = [[Sadri language|Sadri]]<br />
|value5 = 3.68<br />
|color5 = black<br />
|label6 = Others <br />
|value6 = 4.61<br />
|color6 = white <br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Bengali language|Bengali]] is the most spoken language of the town, followed significant number of [[Hindi]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Nepali language|Nepali]] and [[Sadri language|Sadri]] speakers.<ref name=Census_Language>{{cite web |title=C-16 City: Population by mother tongue (town level) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10245/download/13357/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=29 June 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Government and politics==<br />
The chairperson of Mal Municipality is Swapan Saha and vice chairperson is Utpal Bhaduri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wbdma.gov.in/htm/DIS%5CMUNI_ULB_Mal.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312094524/http://www.wbdma.gov.in/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Mal.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 March 2016 |title=Mal municipality |publisher=Official website of the Department of Municipal Affairs, West Bengal |access-date=29 November 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=জল্পনা কল্পনার অবসান ঘটিয়ে, মাল পুরসভার নাম ঘোষণা |url=https://khabarindiaonline.in/2022/03/16/announcing-the-name-of-mal-municipality-putting-an-end-to-speculation/ |access-date=31 March 2022 |work=Khabar India Online |date=16 March 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Transport==<br />
===Railway===<br />
[[File:Board Showing New Mal Junction railway station.jpg|thumb|[[New Mal Junction railway station|New Malbazar Junction railway station]]]]<br />
[[File:Malbazar Railway Station Board.jpg|thumb|[[Malbazar railway station|Old Malbazar Railway Station Board]]]]<br />
There are two Railway Stations which serves Malbazar, they are [[Malbazar Railway Station]] (station code MLBZ) and [[New Mal Junction]] (station code NMZ).[[Malbazar railway station]] (MLBZ) is a small station where only local and DEMU trains are available whereas New Mal Junction is the major junction from where many Express trains, Intercity trains, and local trains are available. New Mal Junction is connected by the newly converted [[Broad Gauge]] of the [[New Jalpaiguri–Alipurduar–Samuktala line]], whereas Malbazar Railway Station lies on [[New Mal–Changrabandha–New Cooch Behar line]]. The 1st railway line leads from the forests of [[North Bengal]] to the foothills near the [[India]] - [[Bhutan]] border, whereas the 2nd railway line originates from Malbazar and terminates in [[Changrabandha]], which lies in [[India]] - [[Bangladesh]] border.<br />
<br />
===Roadways===<br />
Malbazar is well connected by road with cities like [[Siliguri]] and [[Jalpaiguri]]. Since it lies on the route towards Jaigaon, so Jeep/Taxi services are available towards [[Jaigaon]], [[Hasimara]], [[Birpara]], [[Binnaguri]], [[Gangtok]], [[Kalimpong]], [[Rangpo]], [[Singtam]], [[Jorethang]], [[Pakyong]], [[Namchi]], [[Pelling]], [[Darjeeling]], [[Panitanki]], [[Bagdogra]], [[Mainaguri]], [[Dhupguri]], [[Falakata]], [[Jalpaiguri]], [[Alipurduar]], [[Cooch Behar]] etc. Some long distance buses connecting [[Siliguri]] to [[Guwahati]], [[Shillong]], [[Jorhat]] etc also runs via Malbazar. Malbazar became popular to tourists as a gateway to many more spots like [[Gorumara]], [[Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary|Chapramari]] and [[Chalsa, India|Chalsa]].{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} There is a short route between Malbazar to hill stations like [[Lava, West Bengal|Labha]], [[Algarah]], [[Pedong]], [[Kalimpong]], [[Rhenock]], [[Mansong]], [[Aritar, Sikkim|Aritar]] via [[Gorubathan]] by [[State Highway 12 (West Bengal)|State Highway 12]] and [[National Highway 717A (India)|National Highway 717A]].<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/may/28/doklam-effect-sikkim-to-get-new-all-weather-highway-1820559.html| title = Doklam effect: Sikkim to get new all-weather highway |date=28 May 2018 |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=19 February 2022}} </ref><br />
<br />
Frequent Bus services are available from Malbazar to [[P.C. Mittal Memorial Bus Terminus|P.C. Mittal Memorial Bus Terminus, Siliguri]].<br />
<br />
Also many buses are available from the town to [[Birpara]], [[Hasimara]], [[Jaigaon]], [[Cooch Behar]], [[Alipurduar]], [[Dhupguri]], [[Jalpaiguri]] etc.<br />
<br />
===Airways===<br />
The nearest airport is [[Bagdogra Airport|Bagdogra International Airport]] 74 kilometres away. [[Vistara]], [[IndiGo]], [[Go First]], [[Akasa Air]], [[AIX Connect]], [[Air India]], [[SpiceJet]] and [[Druk Air]] ([[Bhutan]]) are the major carriers that connects Bagdogra Airport to [[Chennai International Airport|Chennai]], [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bangalore]], [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport|Ahmedabad]], [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport|Hyderabad]], [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]], [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]], [[Paro International Airport|Paro]] ([[Bhutan]]), [[Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport|Guwahati]], [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Kolkata]], [[Dibrugarh Airport|Dibrugarh]] and [[Suvarnabhumi Airport|Bangkok]] ([[Thailand]]).<br />
<br />
==Education==<br />
* [[Caesar School]] (CBSE, English)(H.S.)<br />
* [[Mal Adarsha Bidya Bhaban]] (WBCHSE, Bengali)(H.S.)<br />
* [https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19021600404 Subhasini High School] (WBCHSE, Bengali) (H.S.)<br />
* [[Parimal Mitra Smriti Mahavidyalaya]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|3}}<br />
<br />
{{Jalpaiguri district}}<br />
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}<br />
{{Jalpaiguri topics}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Cities and towns in Jalpaiguri district]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shorea_robusta_seed_oil&diff=535248Shorea robusta seed oil2025-12-30T05:21:43Z<p>Itssuvam: Made a article.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Edible oil extracted from the seeds of Shorea robusta}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br />
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Shorea robusta'' seed oil}}<br />
[[File:Sal (Shorea robusta)- flowering canopy W Picture 117.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Flowering canopy]]<br />
[[File:Sal (Shorea robusta)- new leaves with flower buds at Jayanti, Duars W Picture 120.jpg|thumb|right|250px|New leaves with flower buds]]<br />
[[File:Tengkawang 070314 0290 utk.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ripe fruits]]<br />
[[File:Tengkawang 070314 0280 utk.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Seeds]]<br />
<br />
'''''Shorea robusta'' seed oil''' is an [[edible oil]] extracted from the seeds of ''[[Shorea robusta]]''. ''Shorea robusta'' is known as the Sal tree in [[India]]. Sal is [[indigenous (ecology)|indigenous]] to India and occurs in two main regions separated by the [[Gangetic Plain]], namely the northern and central Indian regions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/forestry/timber_sal.html |title=Forestry :: Shorea robusta |publisher=Agritech.tnau.ac.in |date= |accessdate=2013-11-12}}</ref> The plant belongs to the ''[[Dipterocarpaceae]]'' botanical family.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecoindia.com/flora/trees/sal-tree.html |title=Sal Tree, Biological name of the Sal Tree, Sal Tree Plantations in India |publisher=Eco India |date= |accessdate=2013-11-12}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Common name in Indian languages==<br />
<br />
*Common name: Sal<br />
*[[Hindi language|Hindi]]:( साल) Sal, Salwa, Sakhu, Sakher<br />
*[[Marathi language|Marathi]]: sal, guggilu, rala, sajara<br />
+[[Telugu language |Telugu]]: Guggilamu<br />
*[[Tamil language|Tamil]]: attam, venkungiliyam, kungiliyam<br />
*[[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]: kaimaruthu, kungiliyam, maramaram<br />
*[[Kannada language|Kannada]]: ashvakarna, asina, asu, bile-bhogimara<br />
*[[Bengali language|Bengali]]: Sal<br />
*[[oriya language|Oriya]]: sala<br />
*[[Urdu language|Urdu]]: Ral, Safed dammar<br />
*[[Assamese language|Assamese]]: Sal, Hal<br />
*[[Sanskrit]]: agnivallabha, ashvakarna, ashvakarnika<ref name="flower">{{cite web|url=https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Sal.html |title=Shorea robusta -Sal |publisher=Flowersofindia.net |date= |accessdate=2013-11-12}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Tree==<br />
{{Main|Shorea robusta}}<br />
<br />
''S. robusta'' is a [[deciduous tree]] that reaches up to {{convert|50|m|abbr=on}}, with a trunk circumference up to {{convert|5|m|abbr=on}}. Under normal conditions they reach {{convert|18–32|m|abbr=on}} with girths of {{convert|1.5–2|m|abbr=on}}. The trunk is clean, straight and cylindrical, often bearing [[epicormic]] branches. The crown is spreading and spherical. The bark is dark brown and thick, with longitudinal fissures deep in poles, becoming shallow in mature trees, and provides effective fire protection. The tree develops a long [[taproot]] at a young age. The tree grows at {{convert|100–1500|m|abbr=on}} altitude. The mean annual temperature required is between {{convert|22-27|C|abbr=on}} and {{convert|34-47|C|abbr=on}}. The tree requires mean annual rainfall between {{convert|1000-3000|mm|abbr=on}} and maximum of {{convert|6600|mm|abbr=on}}. ''S. robusta'' flourishes best in deep, well-drained, moist, slightly acid, sandy to clayey soils. It does not tolerate waterlogging. The most favourable soil is a moist sandy [[loam]] with good [[subsoil]] drainage. Soil moisture is essential.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/products/afdbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=1525 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131109203632/http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/products/afdbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=1525 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-11-09 |title=Species Information |publisher=Worldagroforestrycentre.org |accessdate=2013-11-12 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Leaves are simple, shiny, about {{convert|10–25|cm|abbr=on}} long and broadly oval at the base, with the apex tapering into a long point. New leaves are reddish, soon becoming delicate green.<br />
<br />
Flowers are yellowish-white, arranged in large terminal or axillary racemose panicles.<br />
<br />
Fruit at full size is about {{convert|1.3-1.5|cm|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|1|cm|abbr=on}} in diameter; it is surrounded by segments of the [[calyx (flower)|calyx]] enlarged into 5 rather unequal wings about {{convert|5-7.5|cm|abbr=on}} long.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forestrynepal.org/resources/trees/shorea-robusta|title=Shorea robusta - forestrynepal|work=forestrynepal.org}}</ref> Fruit content is 66.4% [[Seed|kernel]] and pod, 33.6% is shell and calyx. The fruits generally ripen in May.<br />
<br />
The seed contains 14-15% fat. It has calyx and wings. The de-winged seeds contain a thin, brittle [[seed pod]]. The kernel has 5 segments covering the [[embryo]]. {{convert|2|kg|abbr=on}} of seeds give {{convert|1|kg|abbr=on}} of kernel. The seeds are 10.8% water, 8% protein, 62.7% carbohydrate, 14.8% oil, 1.4% fiber and 2.3% ash.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/AFTPDFS/Shorea_robusta.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109205555/http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/AFTPDFS/Shorea_robusta.pdf |title=Shorea robusta |archive-date=November 9, 2013 |accessdate=2023-06-24 |lang=en |date=15 Jan 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Habitat===<br />
This species ranges south of the [[Himalaya]], from [[Myanmar]] in the east to [[Nepal]], [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nativeplanet.com/videos/watch/84504/sal-tree-forest-shantiniketan.html |title=Sal tree forest- Shantiniketan &#124; Nativeplanet Video |publisher=Nativeplanet.com |date= |accessdate=2013-11-12}}</ref> The tree is widely distributed in tropical regions and covers about 13.3% of the forested area in the country. Sal (''Shorea robusta'') tree occurs either gregariously or mixed with other trees in Himalayan foot hills and central India. In the Himalayan foothill belt it extends up to [[Assam]] valley (including Meghalaya and Tripura) in the east to foothills of north-west [[Bengal]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Uttaranchal]], [[Kangra District|Kangra]] region of [[Himachala Pradesh]]. The [[Gangetic Plains|Gangetic Plain]] separate the Himalayan foothill from the central Indian belt.<ref>[http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/aug252005/594.pdf Shorea robusta – an excellent host tree for lichen growth in India]</ref><br />
<br />
==Seed collection-oil extraction==<br />
Sal is a major means of survival for forest dwellers in the Central Indian states of [[Orissa, India|Orissa]], [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]]. These three states include the country's largest sal belt. Sal forest covers about 45% of their forested areas. Orissa has the largest sal forest, covering {{Convert|38300 |km2|abbr=on}} followed by Madhya Pradesh with {{convert|27800|km2|abbr=on}} and Chhattisgarh with {{convert|24245|km2|abbr=on}}. Across these three states some 20-30 million forest dwellers depend on collection of sal seeds, leaves and [[resins]].<ref>[https://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G02282.pdf Sal Seed]</ref> The proper storage of seeds before processing is crucial. Excess moisture (>6-8%) damages oil quality via [[hydrolysis]] in the seed fat, with resulting high [[free fatty acid]] oil output.<br />
<br />
Sal fat is extracted via three methods. Traditionally fat is extracted by water rendering. The second, mechanical system is extraction by [[oil expeller]] and rotary mills. The third method is via [[solvent extraction]] in which the seed is pressed as flakes first in a flaker mill and exposed to solvent extraction.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oilmillmachinery.net/Sal-Seed-Solvent-Extraction-Plant.html |title=Sal Seed Solvent Extraction Plant - Supplied Oil Mill Machinery |publisher=Oilmillmachinery.net |date= |accessdate=2013-11-12}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Characteristics==<br />
The extracted crude sal oil/fat is greenish-brown and has a characteristic odour. Due to the presence of more [[saturated fatty acids]], it is solid at room temperature. Because of this, it is known as sal fat or sal butter. The oil is used as [[cooking oil]] after refining. The oil contains 35-45% [[stearic acid]], an 18-carbon [[saturated fatty acid]], and 40-45% [[oleic acid]], which is a mono [[unsaturated fatty acid]], with 18 carbon atoms. The refined oil is used as substitute for [[cocoa butter]] in [[chocolate]] manufacturing.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Physical and chemical properties of oil<ref name="herbal">{{cite web|url=http://www.pioneerherbal.com/food-additives/sal-butter.html |title=Sal Fat - Shorea Robusta Fat, Cocoa Butter Equivalent, Food and Chocolates |work=pioneerherbal.com |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109205317/http://www.pioneerherbal.com/food-additives/sal-butter.html |archivedate=2013-11-09 }}</ref><br />
!Property !!Range/limit<br />
|-<br />
|Appearance||white color solid<br />
|-<br />
|Odor||characteristic odor<br />
|-<br />
|Taste||Typical taste<br />
|-<br />
|[[Specific gravity]]||.88-0.914<br />
|-<br />
|Slip [[melting point]]||30-35&nbsp;°C<br />
|-<br />
|[[Peroxide value]]||4.0<br />
|-<br />
|[[Iodine value]]||38-42<br />
|-<br />
|[[Saponification value]]||187-193<br />
|-<br />
|[[Unsaponifiable matter]]||1.2% max<br />
|-<br />
|[[Refractive Index]] at 40&nbsp;°C||1.4500-1.4600<ref name="sea">SEAHandBook=2009,By The Solvent Extractors' Association of India</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Titer °C||46-53<ref name="sea"/><br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+'''Fatty acid composition of oil'''<ref name="herbal"/><br />
!Fatty acid!!Percentage<br />
|-<br />
|[[Palmitic acid]] (C16:0)||4-8<br />
|-<br />
|[[Stearic acid]] (C18:0)||40-50<br />
|-<br />
|[[Arachidic acid]] (C20:0)||5-8<br />
|-<br />
|[[Oleic acid]] (C18:1)||35-45<br />
|-<br />
|[[Linoleic]] (C18:2)||1-4<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Applications ==<br />
<br />
Sal oil or butter is used for cooking locally and used for [[soap]] up to 30%. Refined, modified fat is a substitute for [[cocoa butter]] and used in confectionery industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crirec.com/2011/01/salseed/ |title=Salseed |publisher=Crirec.com |date=2011-01-19 |accessdate=2013-11-12}}</ref> Sal butter is used in the manufacturing of edible [[ghee]] (''vanaspati''), [[paints]] and [[pigments]], [[lubricants]], auto oil, etc.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*''[[Shorea robusta]]''<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*https://web.archive.org/web/20130211065905/http://jhamfcofed.com/resources/sal_seed.htm<br />
*http://upscguide.com/content/timber-trees-india.<br />
<br />
{{Non-timber forest products}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Cooking oils]]<br />
[[Category:Vegetable oils]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jazim_Sharma&diff=506020Jazim Sharma2025-12-05T19:26:39Z<p>Itssuvam: Put up new bio</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian ghazal singer (born 1990)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br />
<br />
'''Jaspreet 'Jazim' Sharma''' (born on 14 September 1990 in [[Bathinda]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India) is an Indian [[ghazal]] singer. He is national level gold-medalist in [[Thumri]] and Ghazal.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/sunday-edition/others/small-screen/104751-sa-re-ga-ma-hots-up-with-final-15.html |first=Shibaji |last=Roychoudhury |newspaper=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]] |date=27 October 2012 |title=Sa Re Ga Ma hots up with final 15 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130215191309/http://www.dailypioneer.com/sunday-edition/others/small-screen/104751-sa-re-ga-ma-hots-up-with-final-15.html |archivedate=15 February 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE! Jazim Sharma on new song 'Main Jee Raha' |url=https://www.firstindia.co.in/news/india/exclusive-jazim-sharma-on-new-song-main-jee-raha |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=www.firstindia.co.in |language=en}}</ref> He has been inspired by the ghazal singer [[Ghulam Ali (singer)|Ghulam Ali Khan]].<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
He started singing at the age of 5 and learnt singing from Guru Vijay Sachdeva.<ref>{{Cite web |title="I perform with full heart and honesty," says Shehzada-e-Ghazal 'Jazim' who is set to perform in Australia this September – Indusage |url=https://www.indusage.com.au/i-perform-with-full-heart-and-honesty-says-shehzada-e-ghazal-jazim-who-is-set-to-perform-in-australia-this-september/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> After graduating in Music, he moved to Mumbai to do his M.A. in Music from [[Mumbai University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jazim Sharma – Shehzada E Ghazal |url=http://www.jazimsharma.com/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |language=en-GB}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
He started his Bollywood career in 2014 by singing the song "Kya Hoga", along with [[Master Saleem]], [[Shahid Mallya]], and Jamal Akbar, in the Hindi film [[Dedh Ishqiya]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Kya Hoga (HD) - Dedh Ishqiya - Madhuri Dixit - Arshad Warsi - Naseeruddin Shah - Huma Qureshi | date=29 August 2016 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pTpNxNSoXao |language=en |access-date=2023-02-09}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In 2020, he composed the song "Guzar Jayega" which was a collaboration between 50 singers during the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Composer Jazim Sharma: It was a challenge to do justice to all the iconic voices in one song |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/composer-jazim-sharma-it-was-a-challenge-to-do-justice-to-all-the-iconic-voices-in-one-song/articleshow/75700598.cms |access-date=2023-02-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-12 |title=Guzar Jayega: Kapil Sharma, Raveena Tandon feature in motivational track voiced by Amitabh Bachchan, watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/guzar-jayega-kapil-sharma-raveena-tandon-feature-in-motivational-track-voiced-by-amitabh-bachchan-watch/story-N2ta0NwiWchgd3HyVDRIaL.html |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Singles ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Track<br />
! Artist(s)<br />
!Notes<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|Aish<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jazim Sharma launched his new soulful track Ghazal-' Aish' |url=https://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/221012-jazim-sharma-launched-his-new-soulful-track |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=www.radioandmusic.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|Ishq<br />
|Jazim Sharma and Ruma Sharma<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-27 |title=Velvet Vibes brings new song Ishq with singer Jazim Sharma featuring Ruma Sharma |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/infotainment/article/velvet-vibes-brings-new-song-ishq-with-singer-jazim-sharma-featuring-ruma-sharma-23198426 |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
| Bismillah 2 <br />
|Jazim Sharma feat Kanwar Grewal<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Snow Records' 'Bismillah 2' featuring Surbhi Jyoti and Rohit Khandelwal by Jazim Sharma tugs souls |url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/211126-snow-records-bismillah-2-featuring-surbhi |website=www.radioandmusic.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|Kahaan Aake Rukne the Raaste <br />
|Jazim sharma<br />
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Jazim Sharma recreates the magic of Ustad Ghulam Ali's ghazal |work=TheTribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/jazim-sharma-recreates-the-magic-of-ustad-ghulam-alis-ghazal-291317}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Sufi Score with Singer Jazim Sharma recreates the magic of old soulful ghazal |work=Mid-Day |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/infotainment/article/sufi-score-with-singer-jazim-sharma-recreates-the-magic-of-old-soulful-ghazal-23185369?button=next}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
|Satnam da Chakar Firaya <br />
|Jazim Sharma Ft. Satvinder Singh - Harvinder Singh<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gurpurb के मौके पर Jazim Sharma लेकर आए भक्तिमय शबद 'सतनाम दा चकर फरया'- देखें VIDEO |work=ZeeNews |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/music/on-the-auspicious-occasion-of-gurpurb-jazim-sharma-presenting-the-ode-to-beloved-guru-satnam-da-chakar-firaya/795849}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|Berang<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|Tasavvur<br />
|Gyatri Asokan and Jazim Sharma<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nagarajan |first=Saraswathy |date=2020-02-20 |title=Singer Gayatri Asokan on her journey in music |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/singer-gayatri-asokan-on-her-journey-in-music/article30859930.ece |access-date=2023-02-09 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Movie Tracks ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Year<br />
!Track<br />
!Movie name<br />
!Artist(s)<br />
!Directors<br />
!Composers<br />
!Lyricist<br />
|-<br />
|2014<br />
|Kya Hoga<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-12-27 |title=Dedh Ishqiya music review: Laden with classical notes, a niche album! |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/dedh-ishqiya-music-review-laden-with-classical-notes-a-niche-album-302510/ |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Bollywood Life |language=en}}</ref><br />
|[[Dedh Ishqiya]]<br />
|Jazim Sharma, [[Master Saleem]], [[Shahid Mallya]]<br />
|[[Abhishek Chaubey]]<br />
|[[Vishal Bhardwaj|Vishal Bharadwaj]]<br />
|[[Gulzar]]<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
|Zarre Zarre Mein Noor Bhara<br />
|[[Jugni (2016 film)|Jugni]]<br />
|Jazim Sharma, [[Rahat Fateh Ali Khan]]<br />
|Shefali Bhushan<br />
|[[Clinton Cerejo]]<br />
|[[Shellee]]<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|Chonch Ladhiyaan<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-11 |title=Manmarziyaan song Chonch Ladhiyaan: Witness Abhishek's and Taapsee's budding romance |url=https://www.peepingmoon.com/entertainment-news/news/18485/Manmarziyaan-song-Chonch-Ladhiyaan-Witness-Abhisheks-and-Taapsees-budding-romance.html |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=www.peepingmoon.com/ |language=en}}</ref><br />
|[[Manmarziyaan]]<br />
|Jazim Sharma, [[Harshdeep Kaur]]<br />
|[[Anurag Kashyap]]<br />
|[[Amit Trivedi]]<br />
|[[Shellee]]<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|Grey Walaa Shade<br />
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manmarziyaan {{!}} Song - Grey Walaa Shade |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/manmarziyaan-song-grey-walaa-shade/videoshow/65779690.cms |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
|[[Manmarziyaan]]<br />
|Jazim Sharma, [[Harshdeep Kaur]]<br />
|[[Anurag Kashyap]]<br />
|[[Amit Trivedi]]<br />
|[[Shellee]]<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|Raat Jashan Di<br />
|Raja Abroadiya<br />
|Feroz Khan<br />
|[[Lakhwinder Shabla]]<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Davy Shawla<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|Channa<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gun Pe Done {{!}} Song - Channa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/gun-pe-done-song-channa/videoshow/68740670.cms |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
|Gun Pe Done<br />
|Jazim Sharma, [[Chinmayi Sripada]]<br />
|Abhik Bhanu<br />
|Rimi Dhar<br />
|Saaveri Verma<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|Shah-E-Makhdum Ali Vali<br />
|[[Kaagar]]<br />
|Jazim Sharma, Amaan Khan<br />
|[[Makarand Mane]]<br />
|[[AV Prafullachandra|Av Prafullachandra]]<br />
|Jay Atre<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|Ke Hove Se Pyaar<br />
|Haryana<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|[[Sandeep Baswana]]<br />
|[[Mohit Pathak]]<br />
|[[Sandeep Baswana]]<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|Gila Karna<br />
|[[Safed (film)|Safed]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Safed {{!}} Song - Gila Karna |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/safed-song-gila-karna/videoshow/106697409.cms |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Sandeep Singh<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Mohan Jutley<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|Masti<br />
|Mansooba<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|[[Rana Ranbir]]<br />
|Hey Manni<br />
|[[Rana Ranbir]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Indie Pop Songs ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Song title<br />
!Artist<br />
!Lyrics<br />
!Label<br />
!Song Language<br />
|-<br />
|Bismillah 2<ref>{{Cite news |last=Release |first=ANI Press |title=Snow Records launches 'Bismillah 2' featuring Surbhi Jyoti and Rohit Khandelwal by Singer Jazim Sharma |url=https://www.business-standard.com/content/press-releases-ani/snow-records-launches-bismillah-2-featuring-surbhi-jyoti-and-rohit-khandelwal-by-singer-jazim-sharma-121112901197_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129174047/https://www.business-standard.com/content/press-releases-ani/snow-records-launches-bismillah-2-featuring-surbhi-jyoti-and-rohit-khandelwal-by-singer-jazim-sharma-121112901197_1.html |archive-date=29 November 2021 |access-date=2025-01-12 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|Jazim Sharma, Kanwar Grewal<br />
|Manpreet Tiwana<br />
|Snow Records<br />
|Punjabi<br />
|-<br />
|[[Gullak]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gullak Season 2 Review : It's a light and breezy watch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/gullak/season-2/seasonreview/80186181.cms |access-date=2025-01-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
|Jazim Sharma, Simran Hora<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-05 |title='Gullak': A nostalgic ode to middle-class life in India |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/gullak-nostalgic-ode-middle-class-life-india-3648931 |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><br />
|Durgesh Singh<br />
|[[The Viral Fever]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|Rooh Lai Gya<br />
|Jazim Sharma, [[Faraz Anwar|Farah Anwar]]<br />
|[[S. M. Saadi|S.M. Sadiq]]<br />
|Jazim Productions<br />
|Punjabi<br />
|-<br />
|Main Jee Raha<br />
|Jazim Sharma, [[Shilpa Rao]]<br />
|Shloke Lal<br />
|[[Sony Music India|Sony Music]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|Mahiya<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Ameeta Parsuram<br />
|Asli Music<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|Tere Binn<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Saaveri Verma<br />
|[[Times Music]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|Bismillah Karaan<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Traditional<br />
|[[Times Music]]<br />
|Punjabi<br />
|-<br />
|Akhaan Ohdiyaan<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|[[Kumaar]]<br />
|[[Zee Music Company]]<br />
|Punjabi<br />
|-<br />
|Dholan Maahi<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Sawtanter Dev Arif<br />
|[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|Punjabi<br />
|-<br />
|Guzar Jayega<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-05-13 |title=Composer Jazim Sharma: It was a challenge to do justice to all the iconic voices in one song |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/composer-jazim-sharma-it-was-a-challenge-to-do-justice-to-all-the-iconic-voices-in-one-song/articleshow/75700598.cms |access-date=2025-01-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
|Jazim Sharma, [[Amitabh Bachchan|Amitab Bachchan]] +49 Artist<br />
|Siddhant Kaushal<br />
|Ampliify Times<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|Phir Hoga<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kavita K Murti, Shaan, Jasbir Jassi, Jaspinder Narula features in Jazim Sharma's new composition "Phir Hoga" |url=https://radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/210222-kavita-k-murti-shaan-jasbir-jassi-jaspinder?amp |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=radioandmusic.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
|Jazim Sharma,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Naidu |first=Jaywant |date=2017-07-28 |title=Myraid forms of music |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/music/280717/myraid-forms-of-music.html |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Kavita Krishnamurti]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Jaspinder Narula]], [[Jasbir Jassi|Jabir Jassi]], [[Shashaa Tirupati|Shashaa Tirupatti]], Mehtab Virk, [[Simran Choudhary]], Mitika Kanwar<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-10 |title=Mukarrar… Timeless Ghazals – Jazim Sharma (Narration by Salim Arif) |url=https://www.outsmartmagazine.com/event/mukarrar-timeless-ghazals-jazim-sharma-narration-by-salim-arif/ |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=OutSmart Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|Sidhhant Kaushal<br />
|They See Records<ref>{{Cite web |title=My motto is to bring ghazal to the youth, as they are losing touch of the cultural life: Singer Jazim |url=https://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/200212-my-motto-bring-ghazal-the-youth-they-are#google_vignette |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=www.radioandmusic.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
|Hindi - Punjabi<br />
|-<br />
|Intezaar<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Saaveri Verma<br />
|[[Zee Music Company]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|Tu Shamil<br />
|Jazim Sharma, [[Himani Kapoor]]<br />
|Saaveri Verma<br />
|Jazim Productions<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|Chann<br />
|Jazim Sharma, Sireesha Bhagwatula<br />
|Mahimma Bhardwaj<br />
|Jazim Productions<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|Shiksha Na Ruke<br />
|Sonu Nigam<br />
|Saaveri Verma<br />
|Smile Foundation<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|Mere Saah<br />
|Jazim Sharma, Mitika Kanwar<br />
|Vinder Nathumajra<br />
|Jazim Productions<br />
|Punjabi - English<br />
|-<br />
|Dil De Taar<br />
|Jazim Sharma, Ruby Khan<br />
|Iqbal Choudhary & Mahimma Bhardwaj<br />
|Jazim Productions<br />
|Hindi - Punjabi<br />
|-<br />
|Garjat Aayi Re<br />
|Jazim Sharma, Kumar Sharma<br />
|Traditional<br />
|Jazim Productions<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|Naina<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Manu Chauhan<br />
|Ampliify Times<br />
|Hindi - Punjabi<br />
|-<br />
|The Separation<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|[[S M Sadiq|S.M Sadiq]]<br />
|Ampliify Times<br />
|Punjabi<br />
|-<br />
|Har Roz Da Ladna<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|<br />
|Jazim Productions<br />
|Punjabi - English<br />
|-<br />
|Bismillah Karaan (Electro Version)<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Traditional<br />
|[[Times Music]]<br />
|Punjabi<br />
|-<br />
|Mela<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|[[Surjit Patar]]<br />
|Jazim Productions<br />
|Punjabi<br />
|-<br />
|Kya Kahein<br />
|Jazim Sharma, Sangeeta Khanna<br />
|Saaveri Verma<br />
|[[Times Music]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|Yaadon Ki Gullak<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Durgesh Singh<br />
|[[The Viral Fever]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|Umbilical<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Alok Ranjan Srivastava<br />
|[[The Viral Fever|Tvf Music]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|True Love<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Vinder Nathumajra<br />
|Odd Even Music<br />
|Punjabi<br />
|-<br />
|Mujhe Pyar Hua Hai<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Parthiv Haryanvi<br />
|Tlcmy Music<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|Ishqa<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Mahimma Bhardwaj<br />
|<br />
|Hindi - Punjabi<br />
|-<br />
|Diwana Hua<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Parthiv Haryanvi<br />
|Tlcmy Music<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|Langh Aaja<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Traditional<br />
|Jazim Productions<br />
|Punjabi<br />
|-<br />
|Kisliye<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Ravi Basnet<br />
|Ziyaan Music<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|Tu agar<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Pulaestya<br />
|Manu Rajeev Music<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|Loye Loye<br />
|Jazim Sharma, Saloni Thakkar<br />
|<br />
|Jazim Productions<br />
|Punjabi<br />
|-<br />
|Khamoshiyan<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Mahimma Bhardwaj<br />
|Mahiimma Bhardwaj<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|Thapki Dedo Maa<br />
|Jazim Sharma<br />
|Shekharr Srivastav<br />
|Creative Satisfaction<br />
|Hindi<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Official website|http://www.jazimsharma.com/}}{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Jaspreet Jazim}}<br />
[[Category:1990 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male ghazal singers]]<br />
[[Category:People from Bathinda]]<br />
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ravi_Rahul&diff=529988Ravi Rahul2025-10-24T01:52:24Z<p>Itssuvam: Started Post</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actor}}<br />
{{distinguish|Rahul Ravi}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Ravi Rahul<br />
| image =<br />
| imagesize =<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = <br />
| birth_place = <br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| othername = <br />
| yearsactive = 1991–present<br />
| occupation = Actor, director<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ravi Rahul''' is an Indian actor and director, who has appeared in leading roles in films and television.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Ravi Rahul was introduced as a leading actor in [[Kasthuri Raja]]'s ''[[Aatha Un Koyilile]]'' (1991), before moving on to appear in further lead roles in ''Maangalyam Thandhunaane'' (1991) and ''Tamizh Ponnu'' (1992). As offers in Tamil films began to reduce, Ravi Rahul moved on to work on Tamil television serials, appearing in over 50 shows.<ref>{{cite web|last=Akilan |first=Mayura |url=https://tamil.filmibeat.com/television/ravi-rahul-storm-cinema-again-154592.html |title=நடிகர் ரவி ராகுலுக்கு மீண்டும் ஹீரோ சான்ஸ்! &#124; Ravi Rahul to storm Cinema again &#124; நடிகர் ரவி ராகுலுக்கு மீண்டும் ஹீரோ சான்ஸ்! |publisher=Tamil Filmibeat |date=2012-05-26 |accessdate=2022-08-04}}</ref> Following an extended period away from the film industry, he made a comeback in the lead role through ''[[Pollangu]]'' (2012). The film opened to negative reviews with Ravi Rahul being criticised for his performance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/jul-12-04/pollangu-review.html |title=Pollangu Review – Pollangu Movie Review |publisher=Behindwoods.com |date= |accessdate=2022-08-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pollangu/movie-review/15312059.cms |title=Pollangu Movie Review {1/5}: Critic Review of Pollangu by Times of India |newspaper=The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date= |accessdate=2022-08-04}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ravi Rahul made his directorial debut through ''Salaam'' (2017).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iflicks.in/Review/2017/06/30125412/Salaam.vpf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720180823/http://www.iflicks.in/Review/2017/06/30125412/Salaam.vpf |archive-date=2017-07-20 |title=IFlicks: Iflicks: Tamil Movie review &#124; Latest Tamil movie Reviews &#124; Kollywood cinema news |date= |accessdate=2022-08-04}}</ref> In 2018, he directed a film titled ''Kalavani Sirukki'' featuring newcomers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/070718/ravi-rahul-back-to-direction.html |title=Ravi Rahul back to direction |publisher=Deccanchronicle.com |date= |accessdate=2022-08-04}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
===Actor===<br />
;Films<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"<br />
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Role<br />
!class=unsortable| Notes<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 1991 || ''[[Aatha Un Koyilile]]'' || Pandi ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Maangalyam Thandhunaane'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1992 || ''Tamizh Ponnu'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1993 || ''Madhumathi'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2001 || ''[[Mitta Miraasu]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2012 || ''[[Pollangu]]'' || Rahul ||<br />
|-<br />
|2014||''[[Nalanum Nandhiniyum]]''|| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || ''Salaam'' || ||<br />
|}<br />
;Television<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"<br />
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"<br />
! Year<br />
! Serial<br />
! Role<br />
! Channel<br />
!class=unsortable| Notes<br />
|-<br />
|2001||''Guhan''|| ||Raj TV ||<br />
|-<br />
|2012 ||''Nadaswaram''|| ||Sun TV||<br />
|-<br />
|2024–present||''Gauri''|| ||Kalaignar TV||<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Director===<br />
*''Salaam'' (2017)<br />
*''Kalavani Sirukki'' (2018)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahul, Ravi}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Munneru_River&diff=519109Munneru River2025-09-29T18:17:44Z<p>Itssuvam: put up new place</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|River in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}<br />
'''Munneru''' is a left tributary of the [[River Krishna|Krishna]] River.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/godavari-krishna-tributaries-in-spate/article5033953.ece|title = Godavari, Krishna tributaries in spate|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 18 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.khammam.ap.gov.in/khammam/handBook.apo?mode=handBookDetails&id=Khammam_Hand_Book |title=:: Khammam :: |access-date=27 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202222858/http://www.khammam.ap.gov.in/khammam/handBook.apo?mode=handBookDetails&id=Khammam_Hand_Book |archive-date=2 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It originates in [[Warangal District]] of [[Telangana]], [[India]] and flows in the districts of [[Khammam District]] and [[Krishna District]]. The river is named after [[Mudgala|Rishi Maudgalya]], who is said to have created this river with his spiritual power and performed a penance ritual in [[Khammam]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=V. S.|first=Bhaskar|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/3000/1/37990_2001_KHA.pdf|title=District Census Handbook Khammam District|pages=19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tms.ap.gov.in/TAPGPL/cnt/about-temple|title=About Temple {{!}} Temple Info {{!}} TAPGPL|website=tms.ap.gov.in|access-date=2020-03-22}}</ref><br />
[[File:Sand dunes formed by Munneru River and old bridge ̠ keesara village of krishna district.jpg|thumb|Sand dunes formed by Munneru River and old bridge ̠at Keesara village of Krishna district]]<br />
<br />
==Origins==<br />
It originates near [[Mahabubabad|Narsampet]] town of [[Warangal District]], Telangana.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/water-level-at-munneru-goes-up/article734043.ece|title=Water level at Munneru goes up|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 March 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Flow==<br />
It flows through [[Dornakal]] Eru and comes via Kamanchkal to Danavaigudam suburb of [[Khammam]] city where it has a small [[Dam]] in order to facilitate water collection. Munneru acts as a water source to [[Khammam]] city. It goes through ManchiKanti Nagar, Kalavoddu, Moti Nagar, Prakash Nagar and Dhamsalampuram suburbs of [[Khammam]] city. It reaches Pedamandava [[Telangana Border]] and Vatsavayi village of [[Krishna District]]. It flows into [[Penuganchiprolu]] town, Keesara village<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/School-picnic-turns-tragic-for-15/articleshow/1310068.cms |title=School picnic turns tragic for 15 - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202185938/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-11-28/hyderabad/27835197_1_school-picnic-munneru-rivulet-class-ix |archive-date=2 February 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> and finally discharges into the [[River Krishna|Krishna river]] at [[Eturu]] village near [[Nandigama]] downstream of [[Pulichinthala Project|Pulichintala dam]]. Muniyeru barrage was constructed in the year 1898 near [[Jaggayyapeta]] to supply irrigation water to 6,650 hectares of land.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Muniyeru_Anicut_A00145 |title= Muniyeru Anicut A00145 |access-date=30 June 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Bridges==<br />
[[File:Munneru-bridge.jpg|thumb|Two Bridges across Munneru River in [[Khammam]] city.]]<br />
There is a [[Water bridge]] constructed across Munneru to allow the flow of Nagarjunsagar water to [[Khammam]] city and other locations in [[Khammam district]]. Added to that Khammam has one old bridge for regular vehicles while heavy vehicles go through the new bridge.<br />
<br />
Construction has started on a newer bridge to connect [[Nelakondapalli]] and [[Kodad]] to [[Khammam]] via Prakashnagar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/work-on-munneru-bridge-to-commence-today/article3971194.ece|title = Work on Munneru bridge to commence today|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 6 October 2012}}</ref> This bridge would save the distance of travel and also would help easy flow of Munneru River.<br />
<br />
In the [[Krishna District]] there is a road and railway bridge at Lingala village. There is a road bridge at [[Penuganchiprolu]] while there is a bridge on [[National Highway 9 (India)|National Highway 9]] at [[Nandigama]].<br />
<br />
==Flooding==<br />
Excess rainfall in [[Mahabubabad]], [[Dornakal]] and other regions along with [[Khammam]] causes regular floods on Munneru river.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/25/stories/2008032553000300.htm |title=The Hindu : Andhra Pradesh / Khammam News : Four washed away in Munneru river |website=www.hindu.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080328180442/http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/25/stories/2008032553000300.htm |archive-date=28 March 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/03/stories/2010110351580300.htm |title=The Hindu : Andhra Pradesh / Khammam News : Heavy rain batters Khammam |website=www.hindu.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121153014/http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/03/stories/2010110351580300.htm |archive-date=21 November 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> 2013 has seen the overflow of Munneru river.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/godavari-krishna-tributaries-in-spate/article5033953.ece|title = Godavari, Krishna tributaries in spate|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 18 August 2013}}</ref> This led to a plan for building a flood-bank along the river bank.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/plan-on-anvil-to-construct-flood-bank-along-munneru/article5027963.ece|title = Plan on anvil to construct flood bank along Munneru|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 16 August 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{commons category|Munneru River}}<br />
<br />
{{Krishna basin |state=collapsed}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Andhra Pradesh}}<br />
<br />
{{Hydrography of Telangana |state=collapsed}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Tributaries of the Krishna River]]<br />
[[Category:Hanamkonda district]]<br />
[[Category:Geography of Krishna district]]<br />
[[Category:Rivers of Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Rivers of Telangana]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sabir_Ali_(Indian_cricketer)&diff=531571Sabir Ali (Indian cricketer)2025-09-20T17:18:51Z<p>Itssuvam: Started A Bio</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1981)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox cricketer<br />
| name = Sabir Ali<br />
| image = <br />
| fullname = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|11|1|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], India<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| batting = Right-handed<br />
| bowling = Right-arm Fast <br />
| role = Bowler<br />
<br />
| club1 = Bengal <br />
| year1 = 2001-05<br />
| clubnumber1 = <br />
| club2 = Railways<br />
| year2 = 2006-10<br />
| clubnumber2 =<br />
<br />
| date = 2 April 2016<br />
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/35265.html Cricinfo<br />
}}<br />
'''Sabir Ali''' (born 1 November 1981) is an Indian former [[cricket]]er. He played [[first-class cricket]] for [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]] and [[Railways cricket team|Railways]].<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/35265.html |title=Sabir Ali |access-date=2 April 2016 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of Bengal cricketers]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cricinfo|ref=ci/content/player/35265.html}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ali, Sabir}}<br />
[[Category:1981 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]<br />
[[Category:Bengal cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Railways cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:Cricketers from Kolkata]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-cricket-bio-1980s-stub}}</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armaan_Zorace&diff=462696Armaan Zorace2025-09-15T02:33:11Z<p>Itssuvam: general rework details for consistency also</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian film director, producer and screenwriter}}<br />
{{Orphan|date=October 2020}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Armaan Zorace<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = Armaan Zorace<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1993}}<br />
| birth_place = Dubai<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Film director]]|[[film producer]]|[[screenwriter]]}}<br />
| years_active = 2011–present<br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
'''Armaan Zorace''' (born 1993) is a Hollywood film director, producer and screenwriter.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Inspired by the works of [[Stanley Kubrick]] and [[Steven Spielberg]],<ref name="tribune">{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111125/ttlife1.htm |title=Young director Armaan Chopra is in Chandigarh hunting the location for his upcoming movie My Name Is Kkhanna |date=25 November 2011 |first=Sabia |last=Talwar |website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |accessdate=16 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/the-man-who-saw-tomorrow/ |title=The Man Who Saw Tomorrow |date=27 November 2011 |first=Jaskiran |last=Kapoor |website=[[The Indian Express]] |accessdate=16 July 2018}}</ref> Zorace made his debut in 2011 with the short film ''God Is Dead'', which was nominated for an award at the [[Cannes Film Festival]] in 2011.<ref name="tribune" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/the-man-who-saw-tomorrow/|title=The Man Who Saw Tomorrow|date=2011-11-27|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-10-16}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2019 he began directing the horror film ''Wraith''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/hollywood/report-indian-actors-to-feature-in-a-hollywood-horror-thriller-2791617|title=Indian actors to feature in a Hollywood horror-thriller|date=2019-09-23|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=2019-10-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/asia/berlinale-zero-gravity-wraith-to-appear-in-abu-dhabi-1203131088/|title=Berlin: Zero Gravity's 'Wraith' to Appear in Abu Dhabi (EXCLUSIVE)|last=Frater|first=Patrick|date=2019-02-08|website=Variety|language=en|access-date=2019-10-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2018/10/zero-gravity-slate-wraith-armaan-zorace-god-is-dead-director-1202482747/|title=Zero Gravity Launches Film Slate With Ghost Story 'Wraith'|last=Pedersen|first=Erik|date=2018-10-15|website=Deadline|language=en|access-date=2019-10-18}}</ref> The film is set to feature a live Islamic exorcism according to horror website ''Bloody Disgusting''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/movie/3545638/wraith-will-utilize-live-muslim-exorcism-efm/|title='Wraith' Will Utilize a "Live", Muslim Exorcism [EFM]|last=Miska|first=Brad|date=2019-02-08|website=Bloody Disgusting!|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-18}}</ref> As of 2019, he is also working on a superhero movie ''Gamma Man'' .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/marvel-dc-comics-an-inspiration-to-lovers-of-fantasy/1642809|title=Marvel, DC Comics an inspiration to lovers of fantasy|website=outlookindia.com/|access-date=2019-10-18}}</ref><br />
<br />
He is currently producing a film with Matt Reeves titled ''Switchboard''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-04|title=Matt Reeves, 'Paranormal Activity's' Steven Schneider Team to Produce Period Horror Thriller 'Switchboard' (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/matt-reeves-paranormal-activitys-steven-schneider-team-to-produce-period-horror-thriller-switchboard-exclusive|access-date=2021-04-15|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
| ''God Is Dead''<br />
| Short film; director, writer<br />
|-<br />
| 2012<br />
| ''The Lucky 100 Dollar Bill''<br />
| Short film; director, producer<br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
| ''The Aryan Papers''<br />
| Director<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3"| TBA<br />
| ''Wraith''<br />
| Writer<ref name="variety">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/bollywood-mubina-rattonsey-zero-gravity-1201726944/ |title=Producer Mubina Rattonsey Launches Zero Gravity in L.A |date=10 March 2016 |first=Dave |last=McNary |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |accessdate=16 July 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Gamma Man''<br />
| Writer<ref name="variety" /><br />
|-<br />
| ''Honeymoon in Taliban''<br />
| Director<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zerogravityllc.co/ |title=Zero Gravity LLC - Motion Picture & Film Production Company |publisher=Zero Gravity LLC |accessdate=16 July 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716050046/http://www.zerogravityllc.co/ |archivedate=16 July 2018}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb name|nm4045885}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zorace, Armaan}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Film directors from Bengaluru]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]<br />
[[Category:1983 births]]<br />
<br />
{{India-film-director-stub}}</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manjummel&diff=516132Manjummel2025-08-17T00:46:16Z<p>Itssuvam: put up a details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Town in Kerala, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Manjummel<br />
| official_name = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = Town<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|10|5|0|N|76|30|2|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = <br />
| population_as_of = <br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = <br />
| postal_code = <br />
| area_code_type =<br />
| area_code = <br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = <br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = <br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = <br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = <br />
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank3_info_sec1 = Ernakulam<br />
| blank1_name_sec2 = <br />
| blank1_info_sec2 = <br />
| blank2_name_sec2 =<br />
| blank2_info_sec2 = <br />
| blank3_name_sec2 = <br />
| blank3_info_sec2 = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Manjummel''' is a [[satellite town]] of [[Eloor]] situated on [[Periyar river]] near Kochi, Kerala, India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maktoobmedia.com/more/film-and-tv/manjummel-the-toxic-dark-place-where-everybody-remains-stuck/|title=Manjummel; the toxic dark place where everybody remains stuck|first=Fouziya|last=Tehzeeb|date=7 May 2024|website=Maktoob media|access-date=13 September 2024|archive-date=22 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522103501/https://maktoobmedia.com/more/film-and-tv/manjummel-the-toxic-dark-place-where-everybody-remains-stuck/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name Manjummel came from the Malayalam word ''Manjumala'' ({{Translation|snowy mountain}}). The place used to be uninhabited, and fog covered the hills. The name eventually became Manjummel.<ref name="N">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2024/Mar/28/manjummel-from-snowy-mist-to-smog-and-now-limelight-2|title=Manjummel: From snowy mist to smog, and now limelight|first=Mahima Anna|last=Jacob|date=28 March 2024|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Manjummel used to be agriculture based. Cultivated produce was sent to Ernakulam by boat. The locality has since switched to become industrial based. Due to the pollution in the [[Periyar River]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/sewage-main-cause-behind-colour-change-in-muttar-says-official/article26758930.ece|title=Sewage main cause behind colour change in Muttar, says official|first=|last=|work=The Hindu |date=6 April 2019|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=13 September 2024|archive-date=13 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913200402/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/sewage-main-cause-behind-colour-change-in-muttar-says-official/article26758930.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/eloor-manjummel-badly-hit/article28970376.ece|title=Kerala's Eloor, Manjummel badly hit by floods|first=Abhinaya|last=Harigovind|work=The Hindu |date=9 August 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> the land became barren and many residents abandoned farming.<ref name="N"/><br />
<br />
There are references to Manjummel dating back to the fifteenth century.<ref name="N"/> A ruler of Travancore reportedly built a fort here to defend against [[Tippu Sultan]]’s attacks due to the locality's geography of being mostly surrounded by rivers. The fort was built in a place called Kottakunnu.<ref name="N"/><br />
<br />
==Landmarks==<br />
Two of the iconic landmarks in Manjummel are the century-old [[Our Lady of Immaculate Conception Church, Manjummel|Our Lady of Immaculate Conception Church]] and St Joseph's Hospital, which was the first mission hospital in Kerala built in 1887.<ref name="N"/><br />
<br />
==Notable people==<br />
*[[Edmund Thomas Clint]]<ref name="N"/><br />
*[[Guna Caves rescue|Subhash and Siju David]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Suburbs of Kochi}}<br />
{{Ernakulam district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Ernakulam district]]<br />
[[Category:Suburbs of Kochi]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Ernakulam-geo-stub}}</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mamta_Kharab&diff=447350Mamta Kharab2025-08-12T09:21:06Z<p>Itssuvam: cleanup</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian field hockey player}}<br />
{{BLP sources|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=January 2019}}<br />
{{MedalTableTop|Mamta Kharab.JPG|150px}}<br />
{{MedalSport | Women's [[Field Hockey]]}}<br />
{{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}<br />
{{MedalGold| [[2002 Commonwealth Games results#Field Hockey|2002 Manchester]] | [[India at the 2002 Commonwealth Games#India women.27s national field hockey team|Team]]}}<br />
{{MedalSilver|[[Hockey at the 2006 Commonwealth Games|2006 Melbourne]]|[[Hockey at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Women's tournament|Team]]}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}<br />
{{MedalBronze| [[2006 Asian Games|2006 Doha]] | [[Hockey at the 2006 Asian Games|Team]]}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Hockey Asia Cup|Hockey Asia Cup]]}}<br />
{{MedalGold|[[2004 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|2004 New Delhi]]|}}<br />
{{MedalSilver|[[2009 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|2009 Bangkok]]|}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Hockey Champions Challenge I|Champions Challenge]]}}<br />
{{MedalBronze|[[2002 Women's Hockey Champions Challenge|2002 Johannesburg]]|[[2002 Women's Hockey Champions Challenge#Squads|Team]]}}<br />
{{MedalBottom}}<br />
<br />
'''Mamta Kharab''' (born 26 January 1982, Rohtak, [[Haryana]]) is an Indian former [[field hockey]] player, who represented the [[India women's national field hockey team]]. She has also captained the national team.<ref name=eves>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/3051<br />
|title= Hockey eves embark for Olympic berth mission<br />
|accessdate= 12 April 2008<br />
|last=Pandey<br />
|first=Vineeta<br />
|date=10 April 2008<br />
|publisher=Newstrack India<br />
}}</ref> During the [[India at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|2002 Commonwealth Games]], she scored the winning goal which gave India the gold. [http://www.rediff.com/sports/2002/aug/03hock1.htm] She also served as the model for the character of Komal Chautala in the 2007 [[Bollywood]] hit, ''[[Chak De India]]''. Now she is working with Haryana police as a Deputy Superintendent of Police.<ref name="komal">{{cite web |date=30 September 2007 |title=LEVELLING THE FIELD |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/sunday/story/222561.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071231095046/http://www.indianexpress.com/sunday/story/222561.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 December 2007 |accessdate=12 April 2008 |work=Entertainment}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Two players appointed as DSP in Haryana |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2007/09/06/two-players-appointed-as-dsp-in-haryana-1189087402.html}}</ref> She is a recipient of the [[Arjuna Award]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=33 sportspersons honoured |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030830/main6.htm}}</ref><br />
<br />
Known as 'golden girl' of Indian women hockey team, Mamta Kharb was born on 26 January 1982. She was declared the best player and the best scorer in the Junior Asia Cup hockey tournament held in Malayasia, where India won the bronze medal. She has also played a leading role in India's victory in the Common Wealth Games held in Manchester in 2002.<br />
<br />
She scored the Golden Goal in the final against England in which India won the gold medal after 32 years.<br />
<br />
Mamta's native village is Giwana in Sonipat district of Haryana. She did her schooling from Senior Secondary School Rohtak, Haryana. Her parents Kamla and Haripal reside in Model Town area, Rohtak.<br />
<br />
Mamta's two sisters Poonam and Sushma have also played hockey at the national level. Sushma like Mamta, is still playing for the Railways.<br />
<br />
Mamta's father Haripal Singh is a primary teacher and is posted in the village Bidhlan of the Sonipat district.<br />
<br />
Born in a lower-middle-class family where her school teacher father had six other children to feed, Mamta Kharab's rise is an example of the struggle that women in Haryana have to make to realise their sporting ambitions<br />
<br />
Ms. Mamta Kharb is a graduate from MD University, Rohtak. She has played a number of National and International Hockey matches/championships for India. Her sports achievements as per certificate given by Indian Women's Hockey Federation are as under:-<br />
<br />
1999 National (U-21) Tournament, New Jersey, USA, 1st Place.<br />
<br />
2000 Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Milton Keynes, England<br />
<br />
2000 3rd Junior Asia Cup, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Bronze Medal<br />
<br />
2000 U-18 AHF Cup, Hong Kong, China, Gold Medal<br />
<br />
2001 Test Matches in Australia<br />
<br />
2001 4th Junior World Cup, Buenos Aires, Argentina<br />
<br />
2001 10th Women's World Cup Qualification Tournament, France<br />
<br />
2002 1st Championship Challenge Trophy, Johannesburg, South Africa, Bronze Medal<br />
<br />
2002 4-Nations hockey Tournament, Manchester (England) 2nd place<br />
<br />
2002 10th Women's World Cup Qualifying play off matches in England against USA<br />
<br />
2002 17th Commonwealth Games, Manchester, England, Gold Medal<br />
<br />
2004 5th Asia Cup, New Delhi, Gold Medal<br />
<br />
2004 Test Matches in New Zealand<br />
<br />
2005 Training-cum-competition, Adelaide, Australia, 1 March to 2 April 2005<br />
<br />
2005 5th KT Cup International Tournament, Seongnam, Korea, 7–17 June 2005<br />
<br />
2005 4 Nation Tournament, New Delhi 1–8 October 2005 Silver Medal<br />
<br />
2005 7th Indira Gandhi International Gold Cup Women's Hockey Tournament, New Delhi 1–8 October 2005 Silver Medal<br />
<br />
2006 18th Commonwealth Games, Melbourne, Australia, Silver Medal<br />
<br />
Moreover, she was declared Best Player of the Tournament and Best Scorer of the Tournament in the Junior Asia Cup, in Malaysia in 2000. Above all, keeping in view her best performance in hockey, the Haryana Government decorated her with prestigious awards: "Bhim Award" and Government of India with "Arjun Award" in 2003.<br />
<br />
Mamta Kharb is a young, dynamic and versatile hockey player who is leading the Indian Women Hockey Team. As is evident from her sports achievements mentioned above, she played a number of matches and won bronze, silver and gold medals and was decorated with prestigious Bhim and Arjun Awards.<br />
<br />
In view of above, she has been appointed as P/DSP by the State Government.<ref>vide their memo. No. 2/16/2007-IHGI dated 4 September 2007.</ref> She has joined on 5 October 2007 and has been further deputed for her Basic Training at Haryana Police Academy, Madhuban.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080323132055/http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/khiladi/stree/2002/mamatakharab.htm Biography]<br />
*[http://m2002.thecgf.com/results/default.asp?ath=8387 Commonwealth Games Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190500/http://m2002.thecgf.com/results/default.asp?ath=8387 |date=4 March 2016 }}<br />
<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
|title=India squads<br />
| bg = #0077FF<br />
| fg = #FFFF40<br />
|list1=<br />
{{India FHW Squad 2002 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
{{India FHW Squad 2002 Champions Challenge}}<br />
{{India FHW Squad 2004 Asia Cup}}<br />
{{India FHW Squad 2006 Asian Games}}<br />
{{India FHW Squad 2006 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
{{India FHW Squad 2009 Asia Cup}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kharab, Mamta}}<br />
[[Category:Indian female field hockey players]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1982 births]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]<br />
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2002 Commonwealth Games]]<br />
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2006 Commonwealth Games]]<br />
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for India]]<br />
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists in field hockey]]<br />
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India]]<br />
[[Category:Commonwealth Games field hockey players for India]]<br />
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists in field hockey]]<br />
[[Category:Sportswomen from Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Field hockey players from Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2002 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2006 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games field hockey players for India]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]<br />
[[Category:Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Medallists at the 2002 Commonwealth Games]]<br />
[[Category:Medallists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in field hockey]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dimna_Lake&diff=497146Dimna Lake2025-07-28T18:11:18Z<p>Itssuvam: made post...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Lake in Jharkhand}}<br />
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox body of water<br />
| name = Dimna Lake<br />
<!-- Images --><br />
| image = Dimna Lake, Jamshedpur.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Dimna Lake in [[Boram block]] - [[Dalma Hills]] in the background<br />
| image_bathymetry = <br />
| alt_bathymetry = <br />
| caption_bathymetry = <br />
<!-- Stats --><br />
| location = [[Jamshedpur]], [[Jharkhand]]<br />
| group = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|22|51|47.178|N|86|15|41.623|E|region:IN_type:waterbody|display =inline,title}}<br />
| type = [[Reservoir]]<br />
| etymology = <br />
| part_of = <br />
| inflow = <br />
| rivers = <br />
| outflow = <br />
| catchment = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --><br />
| basin_countries = India<br />
| agency = <br />
| designation = <br />
| date-built = {{Start date|1944}}<br />
| engineer = <br />
| date-flooded = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} For man-made and other recent bodies of water --><br />
| length = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> <br />
| width = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --><br />
| area = {{convert|5.5|km2|acre|abbr=on}}<br />
| depth = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --><br />
| max-depth = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --><br />
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<!-- Map --><br />
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India<br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
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<!-- Below --> <br />
| website = <br />
| reference = <br />
}}<br />
'''Dimna Lake''' is an [[Reservoir|artificial reservoir]] located near [[Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary]], 15 km from the city of [[Jamshedpur]], in the state of [[Jharkhand]], [[India]]. Constructed in 1944, by [[Tata Steel]] to deal with the [[water scarcity]] in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dimna Lake {{!}} East Singhbhum {{!}} India |url=https://jamshedpur.nic.in/tourist-place/dimna-lake/ |access-date=2022-08-18 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-17 |title=Dimna Lake: Catering to Jamshedpur's water needs since April 17, 1944 |url=https://avenuemail.in/dimna-lake-catering-to-jamshedpurs-water-needs-since-april-17-1944/ |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=The Avenue Mail |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Geography ==<br />
Dimna Lake is situated at the foot of . Dimna Lake covers about 5.5 km<sup>2</sup>, around 1,861 acres were acquired under the [[Land acquisition act|Land Acquisition Act]] of 1894 for the dam. The Lake is the only source of drinking water for [[Jamshedpur]] town. The lake is near to the [[Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-23 |title=Jamshedpur's Dimna Lake, Jubilee Park, Zoological Park among tourist spots to be showcased at International Trade Fair in Delhi |url=https://avenuemail.in/jamshedpurs-dimna-lake-jubilee-park-zoological-park-among-tourist-spots-to-be-showcased-at-international-trade-fair-in-delhi/ |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=The Avenue Mail |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
It is about 100 km from the capital city [[Ranchi]], and 15 km from the steel city [[Jamshedpur]]. The total storage capacity of Dimna Lake is about 120 lakh cubic feet. The spread of water in the lake is approximately two square miles. The lake is 3 and a half miles long and about a mile wide. There are two short dams of the composite type, one 800 ft. long and the second 1,200 ft. long. The maximum height of the dam from the lowest level is 83 feet and the maximum width at the bottom is about 400 ft. An outlet with suitable valves is provided and there are pipelines through which water is carried to [[Jamshedpur]]. The source of water generation is rainfall. The harvested rainwater majorly supports local community, biodiversity and municipal water demand of Jamshedpur town during [[monsoon]] season. Rainwater from an area of about 36 square miles from the hilly terrain flowed into the ''Dimna Nala''. Nature had provided a readymade basin and a range of hills in such a manner that by closing two small gaps, a large quantity of water could be stored.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
In the late 1930s, [[Jamshedpur]] felt that water scarcity could hit the people of the city as the population was growing rapidly. To deal with the crisis, Dimna Nala Water Supply Scheme was introduced.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-17 |title=Dimna Lake: Catering to Jamshedpur's water needs since April 17, 1944 |url=https://avenuemail.in/dimna-lake-catering-to-jamshedpurs-water-needs-since-april-17-1944/ |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=The Avenue Mail |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
Dimna Lake was constructed and owned by [[Tata Steel]] in the [[Boram block]]. The construction began in February 1940. The project was successfully completed, and water was supplied to the city for the first time on April 17, 1944.<ref>{{Cite web |last=EJOLT |title=Dimna reservoir, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India {{!}} EJAtlas |url=https://ejatlas.org/conflict/dimna-reservoir-jamshedpur-jharkhand-india |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=[[Environmental Justice Atlas]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Activities ==<br />
Dimna Lake is famous for its serenity and pleasant greenery. The lake is pretty well-known as a picnic spot with its clear water and scenic surroundings, creating scope for mini treks into the hills, and water activities such as boating, rowing, and jet skiing among many others.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A day at Jamshedpur's Dimna Lake is no picnic without toilets |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/a-day-at-jamshedpur-s-dimna-lake-is-no-picnic-without-toilets/cid/1680280 |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-12 |title=Arrival of winged guests in Jamshedpur give reason to smile for bird watchers |url=https://avenuemail.in/arrival-of-winged-guests-in-jamshedpur-give-reason-to-smile-for-bird-watchers/ |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=The Avenue Mail |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dimna Lake |url=http://www.famousplacesinindia.in/Jharkhand/Jamshedpur/Dimna-Lake.aspx |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=Famous Places in India |archive-date=10 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810230448/http://www.famousplacesinindia.in/Jharkhand/Jamshedpur/Dimna-Lake.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Accessibility ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| Nearest town || [[Chandil]]<br />
|-<br />
| Nearest city || [[Jamshedpur]], [[Gamharia]], [[Adityapur]] (15&nbsp;km)<br />
|-<br />
| Nearest railhead || Chandil Railway Station<br />
|-<br />
| Nearest airport || [[Ranchi]], [[Jharkhand]]<br />
|-<br />
| Nearest highway || [[Jamshedpur|Tata]] - [[Ranchi]] National Highway-33<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary]]<br />
* [[Tata Steel Zoological Park]]<br />
* [[Jubilee Park, Jamshedpur]]<br />
* [[Rankini Temple, Jadugora]] <br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1944 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:Lakes of Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:Reservoirs in India]]<br />
[[Category:Jamshedpur]]<br />
[[Category:Establishments in Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:Establishments in Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Jamshedpur]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jamshedpur]]<br />
[[Category:Geography of Jamshedpur]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=3rd_Punjab_Assembly&diff=4836013rd Punjab Assembly2025-07-14T19:45:18Z<p>Itssuvam: Stub</p>
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<div>{{short description|Law governing body of Punjab}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox legislature<br />
| name = Third Punjab Legislative Assembly <br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| transcription_name = <br />
| legislature = '''Punjab Legislative Assembly'''<br />
| coa_pic = <br />
| coa_res = 250px<br />
| coa_alt = <br />
| house_type = Unicameral<br />
| term_length = 1962-1967<br />
| body = <br />
| houses = <br />
| foundation = 13 March 1962<br />
| disbanded = 28 February 1967<br />
| preceded_by = [[Second Punjab Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| succeeded_by = [[Fourth Punjab Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| leader1_type = [[List of Speakers of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]<ref name="speakerpunjab">{{cite web|url=http://speakerpunjab.gov.in/former-speakers/|website=speakerpunjab.gov.in|title=Former speaker of punjab vidhan sabha|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref> <br />
| leader1 = [[Prabodh Chandra]]<br>(1962-1964)<br />
| party1 = <br />
| leader2 = [[Harbans Lal Gupta]]<br>(1964-1967)<br />
| leader3_type = [[List of Deputy Speakers of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|Deputy Speaker]]<ref name="page13">page xiii of ''[http://www.punjabassembly.nic.in/images/docs/compendium_doc.pdf Punjab Vidhan Sabha Compendium]''. [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]. Retrieved on 2 July 2019.</ref><br />
| leader3 = [[Shanno Devi]] <br />
| leader4_type = Leader of House<br>([[List of chief ministers of Punjab, India|Chief Minister]])<br />
| leader4 =[[Partap Singh Kairon]]<br>(1962-1964)<br />
| leader5 =[[Gopi Chand Bhargava]] <br>(1964) <br />
| leader6 = [[Ram Kishan]] <br> (1964-1967)<br />
| leader7 = [[Gurmukh Singh Musafir]] <br> (1966-1967) <br />
| leader8_type = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Punjab Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]]<br />
| leader8 = [[Gurnam Singh]]<br />
| committees1 = <br />
| committees2 = <br />
| joint_committees = <br />
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post]]<br />
| voting_system2 = <br />
| last_election1 = [[1962 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
| next_election1 = [[1967 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
| redistricting = <br />
| session_room = <br />
| session_res = <br />
| session_alt = <br />
| meeting_place = <br />
| members = '''154'''<ref>[https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3444-punjab-1962/?do=download Statistical Report of Punjab Legislative Assembly election 1964] (Pdf). ''eci.gov.in''. Retrieved 31 December 2021.</ref><br />
| structure1 = <br />
| structure1_res = <br />
| political_groups1 = '''[[Government of Punjab, India|Government]] (90)'''{{efn|The given members of parties were at the time of the formation of the Government. The numbers changed later on due to defections, resignations, mergers or splits}}<br />
* {{Color box|#00DDFF|border=darkgray}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (90) <br />
'''Opposition (64)'''<br />
* {{Color box|{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}|border=darkgray}} [[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]] (16)<br />
* {{Color box|red|border=darkgray}} [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] (12) <br />
* {{Color box|#FF9933|border=darkgray}} [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|BJS]] (8)<br />
* {{Color box|{{party color|Socialist Party (India)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Socialist Party (India)|SPI]] (4) <br />
* {{Color box|{{party color|Swatantra Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Swatantra Party|SP]] (3)<br />
* {{Color box|grey|border=darkgray}} Haryana Lok Samiti (3) <br />
* {{Color box|#DDDDDD|border=darkgray}} [[Independent politician|Ind]] (18) <br />
}} <br />
The '''1962 Punjab Legislative Assembly election''' was the Third [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] ([[State Legislative Assembly (India)|Legislative Assembly]]) election of the state when the [[Indian National Congress]] emerged as the largest party with 90 seats in the 154-seat legislature in the election. The [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] became the official opposition, holding 16 seats. From 5 July 1966 to 1 November 1966, Assembly was under suspension.{{efn|name=PR|''[[President's rule]]'' may be imposed when the "government in a state is not able to function as per the Constitution", which often happens because no party or coalition has a majority in the assembly. When President's rule is in force in a state, its council of ministers stands dissolved. The office of chief minister thus lies vacant, and the administration is taken over by the governor, who functions on behalf of the central government. At times, the legislative assembly also stands dissolved.<ref>Amberish K. Diwanji. "[http://www.rediff.co.in/news/2005/mar/15spec1.htm A dummy's guide to President's rule]". [[Rediff.com]]. 15 March 2005.</ref>}}<br />
<br />
==Kairon's downfall==<br />
Partap Singh Kairon was returned by the majority of 34 votes from the Sarhali Constituency (now called [[Khadoor Sahib Assembly Constituency]]) against his Akali opponent [[Mohan Singh Tur]].<ref>[https://entranceindia.com/tag/sarhali-assembly-election/ Sarhali Assembly election]. ''entranceindia.com''. Retrieved 1 January 2021.</ref><br />
<br />
'''Prajatantra Party'''<br />
<br />
The Congress being a divided house, their differences came again to surface at the end of 1963, when 18 Congress legislators under the leadership of [[Gurdial Singh Dhillon]] had broken away from the Party and formed their own party named 'Prajatantra Party'. These dissidents engaged themselves in the ouster of Kairon. Three charge-sheets were presented during the year 1963. In 1963, [[Jawahar Lal Nehru]] appointed one man Commission under Justice [[Sudhi Ranjan Das]] to investigate the charges against Kairon.<ref>[https://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/articles/77v4a1.htm S. R. Das]. ''www.ebc-india.com''. Retrieved 1 January 2021.</ref><br />
<br />
'''First No-confidence motion'''<br />
<br />
In a case, Partap Singh Kairon vs. State of Punjab, the [[Supreme Court of India]] in its judgment made some adverse comments on the conduct of the Chief Minister of Punjab; due to this, the Leader of Opposition [[Gurnam Singh]] brought a [[No-confidence motion]] against the Government. Leave for the same was granted on 9 September 1963. 26 members participated in the debate. On 19 September, shortly before the Chief Minister rose to take part in debate, opposition benches walked out in protest.<br />
<br />
When, on the same day, the speaker of the Punjab Legislative Assembly [[Prabodh Chandra]] put the motion to a vote, the opposition benches were empty, and the motion was thus negatived by voice vote.<ref>Motions of Confidence and No-confidence in Lok Sabha and State Legislatures by G. C. Malhotra. P. 731-732.</ref><br />
<br />
'''Second No-confidence motion'''<br />
<br />
On 13 March 1964, shortly after question hour, the Speaker announced that he received numbers of no-confidence motions against the Kairon Government, by Comrade Ram Chandra (Prajatantra Party), [[Devi Lal]] and Bachan Singh (Independent), Gurcharan Singh ([[Akali Dal]]), [[Baldev Prakash]] ([[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]), Comrade Jangir Singh ([[Communist Party of India]]) and some other opposition legislators.<br />
<br />
21 members participated in the debate. Then Speaker [[Harbans Lal Gupta]] put the motion to a vote in the House. The motion negatived by 41 votes in favour and 89 votes against.<ref>Motions of Confidence and No-confidence in Lok Sabha and State Legislatures by G. C. Malhotra. P. 732-733.</ref><br />
<br />
==Kairon's resignation==<br />
The Das Commission, constituted in 1963, submitted its report in June 1964. The Commission examined thirty-one charges of corruption against Kairon. The Commission found Kairon guilty on eight counts and held that Kairon had abused his influence and position for his own benefit in some cases. He had also abused power through his colleagues and subordinates to help his sons and relatives to acquire and dispose of properties or business in violation of law rules of established procedures. Incidentally, the memorialists were assisted by [[Rajinder Sachar]]. Pratap Singh Kairon accepted with all humility and the verdict of the commission and put the blame on his son for all the corruption.<ref>Hindustan Times, 15 June 1964.</ref><br />
<br />
In the meantime, Jawahar Lal Nehru, Kairon's mentor had expired on 27 May 1964. In the changed circumstances, Kairon had no other option but to resign and on 14 June 1964 he resigned from the Chief Ministership. Even after seven days no alternate leader was elected as Chief Minister thus, [[Gopi Chand Bhargava]] (second in Kairon Cabinet) took the responsibility of Chief Ministers in caretaker capacity and hold the office till [[Ram Kishan]]'s appointment.<br />
<br />
==Ram Kishan==<br />
After 16 days of Kairon's resignation, a consensus was made between Congress legislators and [[Comrade]] [[Ram Kishan]] was elected Legislative Party leader due to his clean image and he took the oath of the office on 6 July 1964.<br />
<br />
For Ram Kishan, the way was not smooth. Kishan's cabinet in itself was faction ridden. There were three factions i.e. Ram Kishan, [[Darbara Singh]] and [[Prabodh Chandra]]. There were various efforts by Congress Central Leadership to sort out the difference but failed.<ref>Turmoil in Punjab Politics by S. C. Arora. P. 66</ref><br />
<br />
On 25 June 1965, [[Bhagwat Dayal Sharma]] (Kairon faction), Punjab Congress President, submitted a detailed charge sheet against Ram Kishan to the Congress National President [[K. Kamaraj]], in which there were allegations of corruption, Kishan's favour for opposition leaders and doubt about Kishan's competence to hold Chief Ministerial post. However, Congress High Command extended full support to Ram Kishan.<ref>Turmoil in Punjab Politics by S. C. Arora. P. 66</ref><br />
<br />
==Reorganisation of Punjab==<br />
{{Main|Punjabi Suba movement}}<br />
1965-66 was proved the last phase of the Punjabi Suba Agitation by [[Shiromani Akali Dal]]. The period for receiving [[memoranda]] from the various parties and individuals was set from October to 5 November 1965. Preliminary discussions were held from 26 November to 25 December 1965. On 10 January 1966, the [[SGPC]]’s general secretary [[Lachhman Singh Gill]] and executive member Rawel Singh met the committee and presented the case for a Punjabi-speaking state. On the 27th, Giani Kartar Singh and [[Harcharan Singh Brar]] appeared in the Punjab legislature on behalf of Congress, also arguing in favor of it. Of the memoranda submitted to the committee, nearly 2,200 supported the Punjabi Suba and 903 opposing.{{sfn|Doad|1997|p=404}} Hukam Singh was thus able to secure string support from the assembled committee for its creation.{{sfn|Doad|1997|p=404}} In reaction to the committee's recommendation to the central government of a state with Punjabi as its official language on 9 March 1966, there were strikes, arson and murder, including 3 Congressmen burnt alive in [[Panipat]], including an old associate of [[Bhagat Singh]], generally believed to have been orchestrated by the [[Jan Sangh]], who still opposed the Punjabi Suba.{{sfn|Grewal|1998|p=204}}<br />
<br />
The Parliamentary Committee's report was handed in on 15 March 1966; the Congress Working Committee had already adopted a motion on the 6th recommending the government to carve out a Punjabi-speaking state out of the erstwhile [[East Punjab]] state.{{sfn|Doad|1997|p=404}} The report was made public on 18 March, and the demand was conceded on 23 April, with a commission appointed on 17 April{{sfn|Grewal|1998|p=204}} to demarcate the new states of Punjab and [[Haryana]], and transferring certain areas to [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/future-tense/articleshow/71408895.cms|title=Future tense? |last=Singh|first=IP|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2022-01-02}}</ref><ref>The Sikhs as a "Minority" in a Sikh Majority State in India, by Paul Wallace, Asian Survey, 1986 University of California Press</ref><ref name="india_gov_PRA_1966">{{cite web | url = http://india.gov.in/allimpfrms/allacts/474.pdf | title = The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 | publisher = Government of India | date = 1966-09-18 | access-date = 2022-01-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120119110225/http://india.gov.in/allimpfrms/allacts/474.pdf | archive-date = 19 January 2012 | url-status = live | df = dmy-all }}</ref>{{sfn|Deol|2000|p=96}}<br />
<br />
To initiate and finish the smooth reorganisation of Punjab on the basis of [[Punjabi language]], Central Congress Leadership directed Ram Kishan to resign and he did the same and on 5 July 1966 Punjab assembly suspended and [[President's rule]] was imposed till 1 November 1966.<br />
<br />
The [[Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966]] was passed on 18 September in the Lok Sabha, and on 1 November 1966, a Punjabi-speaking state became a reality.{{sfn|Doad|1997|p=404}}{{sfn|Grewal|1998|p=204}}<br />
<br />
==Gurmukh Singh Musafir==<br />
President's rule was revoked on 1 November 1966 after the Reorganisation of Punjab. The sitting strength of the Assembly decreased to less than 100 after 54 Legislators became the member of newly created [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]].<br />
<br />
In Punjab, Congress was in majority and, with the reorganisation of Punjab, it was obvious that a shift had made in Punjab from [[Hindu]] to a [[Sikh]] chief minister. Thus Congress was in search of a non-controversial person, a Sikh, who may be secular in views and acceptable to both the Hindus and Sikhs. Congress also wanted the Chief Minister to be acceptable to [[Akali Dal]].<ref>Turmoil in Punjab Politics by S. C. Arora. P. 80</ref> Therefore, Congress Party elected [[Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir]], who once served as [[Jathedar of Akal Takht]], as Chief Minister of Punjab. He served this post until the next election in 1967.<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Deol |first1=Harnik |title=Religion and Nationalism in India: The Case of the Punjab (Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia) |date=2000 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York City, U.S.A. | pages = 92–101 |isbn=978-0415201087 |edition=1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u_AMX5RI_YUC}}<br />
* {{cite book<br />
| last = Doad<br />
| first = Karnail Singh<br />
| editor1-last = Siṅgh<br />
| editor1-first = Harbans<br />
| title = Punjabi Sūbā Movement<br />
| date = 1997<br />
| publisher = Punjab University, Patiala, 2011<br />
| location = Patiala, Punjab, India |isbn=9788173803499<br />
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiiM-r/page/n407 391]-404<br />
| edition = 3rd<br />
| url = https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiiM-r<br />
| language = en}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Grewal |first1=J. S. |title=The Sikhs of the Punjab (The New Cambridge History of India II.3) |date=1998 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |isbn=9781316025338 |pages=181–209 |edition=Revised |url=https://archive.org/details/sikhsofpunjab0000grew |access-date=16 April 2020|author1-link=J. S. Grewal }}<br />
<br />
{{Punjab Legislative Assembly|state=expanded}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1962 establishments in East Punjab]]<br />
[[Category:Terms of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|3rd]]<br />
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 1962–1967| ]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maratha_confederacy&diff=477766Maratha confederacy2025-04-25T20:52:01Z<p>Itssuvam: new</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Maratha Empire]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chandauli,_Sataon&diff=459210Chandauli, Sataon2025-03-11T11:04:15Z<p>Itssuvam: enhanced formatting per standard format and cleaned formatting</p>
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<div>{{Primary sources|date=August 2021}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Chandauli<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = Village<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| image_map = Sataon block map.png<br />
| map_caption = Map showing Chandauli (#412) in Sataon CD block<br />
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|26.220638|N|81.187922|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Do a radial search using these coordinates here |title=Geographic Names Search WebApp }}</ref><br />
| subdivision_type = Country India<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/><br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 1.407<br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 743<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/><br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = <br />
| registration_plate = UP-35<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Chandauli''' is a village in [[Sataon]] block of [[Rae Bareli district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Rae Bareli, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=202–18 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0927_PART_A_DCHB_RAE%20BARELI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=8 August 2021}}</ref> It is located 5&nbsp;km from [[Raebareli]], the district headquarters.<ref name="Census 1981"/> As of 2011, its population is 743, in 162 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.<ref name="Census 2011"/><br />
<br />
The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Chandauli as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 328 people (172 male and 156 female), in 85 households and 77 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (39 - Raebareli District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=xl-xli of section "Rae Bareli Tahsil" |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1047/1/22852_1961_RAE.pdf |access-date=8 August 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 345 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1961"/><br />
<br />
The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Chandauli as having a population of 543 people, in 95 households, and having an area of 139.62 [[hectare]]s.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Rae Bareli |date=1982 |pages=106–7 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1298/1/50861_1981_RAE.pdf |access-date=8 August 2021}}</ref> The main staple foods were given as [[juwar]] and rice.<ref name="Census 1981"/><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Raebareli district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Raebareli district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Raebareli-geo-stub}}</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murarai_II&diff=547467Murarai II2025-03-06T06:27:30Z<p>Itssuvam: small changes</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox settlement<br />
|official_name = Murarai II<br />
|other_name =<br />
|native_name = <br />
|nickname = <br />
|settlement_type = Community development block<br />
|motto =<br />
|image_skyline =File:Murarai-II in Birbhum (West Bengal).svg<br />
|imagesize = <br />
|image_caption = <br />
|image_flag = <br />
|flag_size =<br />
|image_seal = <br />
|seal_size =<br />
|image_map = <br />
|mapsize = <br />
|map_caption = Location in West Bengal<br />
|pushpin_map = <br />
|pushpin_label_position =right<br />
|pushpin_mapsize=<br />
|pushpin_map_caption =<br />
|subdivision_type = Country<br />
|subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
|subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]] <br />
|subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]<br />
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]<br />
|subdivision_name2 = [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]]<br />
|subdivision_type3 = Parliamentary constituency<br />
|subdivision_name3 = [[Birbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Birbhum]]<br />
|subdivision_type4 = Assembly constituency<br />
|subdivision_name4 = [[Murarai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Murarai]], [[Nalhati (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nalhati]]<br />
|leader_title =<br />
|leader_name =<br />
|established_title = <br />
|established_date = <br />
|area_magnitude = <br />
|unit_pref = Metric <br />
|area_footnotes =<br />
|area_total_km2 = 185.33<br />
|area_land_km2 = <br />
|population_as_of = 2011<br />
|population_footnotes =<br />
|population_note =<br />
|population_total = 222,033<br />
|population_density_km2 = auto<br />
|timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] <br />
|utc_offset = +5.30<br />
|coordinates = {{coord|24.425833|N|87.960167|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
|elevation_footnotes = <br />
|elevation_m = <br />
|elevation_ft = <br />
|postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
|postal_code = 731221 (Paikar)<br />
|area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code<br />
|area_code = 03465<br />
|blank_name = Literacy Rate<br />
|blank_info = 58.28 per cent<br />
|website = http://birbhum.nic.in/<br />
|footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Murarai II''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in [[Rampurhat subdivision]] of [[Birbhum district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Birbhum district is physiographically a part of the ancient [[Rarh region]]. The western portion of the district is basically an extension of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. The area has mostly loose reddish [[laterite|lateritic]] low fertility soil. In the east, the flood plains of the major rivers, such as the [[Ajay River|Ajay]], [[Bakreshwar River|Bakreshwar]], [[Mayurakshi River|Mayurakshi]] and [[Brahmani River (Birbhum)|Brahmani]] have soft [[alluvium|alluvial]] soil. The forest cover is only 3.5% of the total district. Although coal is found in the district and [[Bakreshwar Thermal Power Station]] has a capacity of 2,010 MW, the economic condition of Birbhum is dominated by agriculture.<ref name=land>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page v: Progress and Heritage of Birbhum, Page 15: Physiography, Page 21: Tenancy, Agriculture | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 14 December 2017}}</ref> From 1977 onwards major[[Land reform in India|land reforms]] took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 7 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> In Birbhum district, 19,968 hectares of vested agricultural land has been distributed amongst 161,515 beneficiaries, till 2011. However, more than 38% of the operational land holding is marginal or less than 1 acre.<ref name=land/> The proportion of agricultural labourers amongst total workers in Birbhum district is 45.9%, the highest amongst all districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1908_PART_B_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII B |work = Page 17 : District Highlights – 2011 census | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 14 December 2017}}</ref> Culturally rich Birbhum, with such traditional landmarks as [[Jaydev Kenduli]] and [[Nanoor|Chandidas Nanoor]], is home to [[Visva-Bharati University]] at [[Santiniketan]], having close association with two Nobel laureates – [[Rabindranath Tagore]] and [[Amartya Sen]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page v: Progress and Heritage of Birbhum, Pages 102105: Bolpur-Satiniketan, Visva Bharati | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 14 December 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[File:Birbhum district map.svg|400px|thumb|left|Map of Birbhum district showing CD blocks and municipal areas. Click on the map to view larger map.]]<br />
Mitrapur, a constituent panchayat of Murarai II block, is located at {{coord|24.425833|N|87.960167|E|}}.<br />
<br />
Murarai II Block is part of the Nalhati Plain, one of the four sub-micro physiographic regions occupying the northern portion of Birbhum district.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 15: Physiography | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 14 December 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
Murarai II CD Block is bounded by [[Suti I]] CD Block, in Murshidabad district, on the north, [[Raghunathganj I]] CD Block, in Murshidabad district, in the east, [[Nalhati I]] and [[Nalhati II]] CD Blocks on the south and [[Murarai I]] CD Block on the west.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/birbhum.html |title = Tehsil Map of Birbhum |work = CD Block/ Tehsil | publisher= Maps of India | access-date = 14 December 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
Murarai II CD Block has an area of 185.33&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 9 [[gram panchayat]]s, 87 gram sansads (village councils), 70 [[mouza]]s and 66 inhabited villages. [[Murarai#Police station|Murarai]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://birbhum.nic.in/dept/BAES_DIST_STAT_BK_2008.pdf|title = District Statistical Handbook 2008 Birbhum |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 | publisher= Bureau of Applied Economics and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 11 December 2017}}</ref> Headquarters of this CD Block is at [[Paikar]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1908_PART_B_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Birbhum, Series 20, Part XII B | work= Map of Birbhum with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 11 December 2017 }}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Gram panchayat]]s of Murarai II block/[[panchayat samiti]] are: Amdole, Jajigram, Kushmore I, Kushmore II, Mitrapur, Nandigram, Paikar I, Paikar II and Rudranagar.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Birbhum - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 17 December 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
===Population===<br />
As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Murarai II CD Block had a total population of 222,033, of which 212,237 were rural and 9,796 were urban. There were 112,987 (51%) males and 109,046 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 34,558. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 40,051 (18.04%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 1,194 (0.54%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 6 December 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
As per 2001 census, Murarai II block had a total population of 177,730, out of which 90,522 were males and 87,208 were females. Murarai II block registered a population growth of 22.65 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for Birbhum district was 17.88 per cent.<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_8.htm |title=Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, Birbhum District (8) |access-date=2011-10-10 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040904/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_8.htm |archive-date=2011-07-19 }}</ref> Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 4 February 2017 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Census Town]] in Murarai II CD Block is (2011 census figure in brackets): [[Kashimnagar]] (9,796).<ref name=census2011/><br />
<br />
Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Murarai II CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Makhlispur (6,373), Kathia (8,465), Amdol (5,976), Harsipur (5,128), Jijigram (6,977), Kamarkhul (4,598), [[Paikar]] (12,250), Mitrapur (15,452), Dantura (6,870), Bisor (5,181), Rudranagar (10,756), Danghara (4,070), Amudda (4,200), Math Basori (6,343) and Kutubpur (4,108).<ref name=census2011/><br />
<br />
Other villages in Murarai II CD Block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Kushmor (3,062).<ref name=census2011/><br />
<br />
===Literacy===<br />
As per the 2011 census the total number of literates in Murarai II CD Block was 109,260 (58.28% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 59,886 (62.80% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 49,374 (53.60% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 9.19%.<ref name=census2011/><br />
<br />
See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]<br />
<br />
{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Birbhum district|collapsible=y}}<br />
<br />
===Language and religion===<br />
<br />
{{bar box<br />
|title=Religion in Murarai II CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/><br />
|titlebar=#FCD116<br />
|left1=<br />
|float=right<br />
|bars=<br />
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|75.00}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|24.91}}<br />
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.09}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
In the 2011 census, Muslims numbered 166,526 and formed 75.00% of the population in Murarai II CD Block. Hindus numbered 55,302 and formed 24.91% of the population. Christians numbered 144 and formed 0.06% of the population. Others numbered 61 and formed 0.03% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
The proportion of Hindus in Birbhum district has declined from 72.2% in 1961 to 62.3% in 2011. The proportion of Muslims in Birbhum district has increased from 27.6% to 37.1% during the same period. Christians formed 0.3% in 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 47: Religion| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 14 December 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Bengali language|Bengali]] is the predominant language, spoken by 99.80% of the population.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Rural poverty==<br />
As per the BPL household survey carried out in 2005, the proportion of [[Below Poverty Line (India)|BPL]] households in Murarai II CD Block was 78.0%, against 42.3% in Birbhum district. In six CD Blocks – Murarai II, Nalhati II, Rampurhat II, Rampurhat I, Suri II and Murarai I – the proportion of BPL families was more than 50%. In three CD Blocks – Rajnagar, Suri I and Labhpur – the proportion of BPL families was less than 30%. The other ten CD Blocks in Birbhum district were placed in between. According to the District Human Development Report, Birbhum, “Although there is no indication that the share of BPL households is more in blocks with higher share of agricultural labourer, there is a clear pattern that the share of BPL households is more in blocks with disadvantaged population in general and Muslim population in particular.” (The disadvantaged population includes SCs, STs and Muslims.)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Birbhum/CHP-4.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Birbhum |work = Table 4.5 + Analytical Text: Number and percentage of BPL households, 2005, page 83-85 |publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 |access-date = 28 December 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170611000625/http://www.wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Birbhum/CHP-4.pdf |archive-date = 11 June 2017 |url-status = dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Economy==<br />
===Livelihood===<br />
{{Pie chart<br />
|caption= '''Livelihood<br/>in Murarai II CD Block'''<br />
|value1 = 12.95<br />
|label1 = Cultivators<br />
|value2 = 53.68<br />
|label2 = Agricultural labourers<br />
|value3 = 11.92<br />
|label3 = Household industries<br />
|value4 = 21.45<br />
|label4 = Other Workers}}<br />
<br />
In Murarai II CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 10,174 and formed 12.95%, agricultural labourers numbered 42,181 and formed 53.68%, household industry workers numbered 9,366 and formed 11.92% and other workers numbered 16,858 and formed 21.45%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories ofEconomic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 28 December 2017}}</ref> Total workers numbered 62,353 and formed 55.19% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 50,634 and formed 44.81% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 28 December 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
<small>Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person’s land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Birbhum, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 31 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 28 December 2017}}</ref></small><br />
<br />
===Infrastructure===<br />
There are 66 inhabited villages in Murarai II CD Block, as per District Census Handbook, Birbhum, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 66 villages (100%) have drinking water supply. 12 villages (18.18%) have post offices. 53 villages (80.30%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 37 villages (56.06%) have a pucca (paved) approach road and 30 villages (45.45%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 16 villages (24.24%) have agricultural credit societies and 5 villages (7.58%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Birbhum, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 80 Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities,2011 | publisher = Directorate of Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 19 January 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Agriculture===<br />
Following [[Land reform in India|land reforms]] land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2004-05 (the agricultural labourer data is for 2001), persons engaged in agriculture in Murarai II CD Block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 2,926 (5.89%), patta (document) holders 6,627 (13.35%), small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 7,360 (14.82%), marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 10,580 (21.31%) and agricultural labourers 22,166 (44.64%).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Birbhum/CHP-4.pdf| title = District Human Development Report: Birbhum, Chapter IV: Economic Opportunities and Security of Livelihood| work = Table 4A1: Population Features of Farmers in the blocks of Birbhum for the year 2004-05| publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009| access-date = 20 January 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170611000625/http://www.wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Birbhum/CHP-4.pdf| archive-date = 11 June 2017| url-status = dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
Birbhum is a predominantly paddy cultivation-based agricultural district. The area under paddy cultivation in 2010-11 was 249,000 hectares of land. Paddy is grown in do, suna and sali classes of land. There is double to triple cropping system for paddy cultivation. Other crops grown in Birbhum are gram, masuri, peas, wheat, linseed, khesari, til, sugarcane and occasionally cotton. 192,470 hectares of cultivable land is under irrigation by different sources, such as canals, tanks, river lift irrigation and different types of tubewells. In 2009-10, 158,380 hectares were irrigated by canal water. There are such major irrigation projects as Mayurakshi and Hijli. Other rivers such as Ajoy, Brahmani, Kuskurni, Dwaraka, Hingla and Kopai are also helpful for irrigation in the district.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Birbhum, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 21-22: Agriculture, Irrigation | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 19 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Birbhum/CHP-4.pdf| title = District Human Development Report: Birbhum, Chapter IV: Economic Opportunities and Security of Livelihood| work = Chapter 4.5: Expansion of economic opportunities, Page 95| publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009| access-date = 20 January 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170611000625/http://www.wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Birbhum/CHP-4.pdf| archive-date = 11 June 2017| url-status = dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2013-14, there were 39 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in Murarai II CD block.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Birbhum | work = 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 11 July 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2013-14, Murarai II CD block produced 3,433 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 1,277 hectares, 12,525 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 3,650 hectares, 11,109 tonnes of wheat from 3,300 hectares, 16,246 tonnes of jute from 831 hectares, 27,354 tonnes of potatoes from 949 hectares and 826 tonnes of sugar cane from 11 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2014/><br />
<br />
In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Murarai II CD block was 6,450 hectares, out of which 1,500 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 1,900 hectares by tank water, 500 hectares by river lift irrigation, 2,475 hectares by deep tube wells and 75 hectares by open dug wells.<ref name=handbook2014/><br />
<br />
===Banking===<br />
In 2013-14, Murarai II CD block had offices of 4 commercial banks and 2 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2014/><br />
<br />
===Other sectors===<br />
According to the District Human Development Report, 2009, Birbhum is one of the most backward districts of West Bengal in terms of industrial development. Of the new industrial projects set-up in West Bengal between 1991 and 2005, only 1.23% came to Birbhum. [[Bakreshwar Thermal Power Station]] is the only large-scale industry in the district and employs about 5,000 people. There are 4 medium-scale industries and 4,748 registered small-scale industries.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Birbhum/CHP-4.pdf| title = District Human Development Report: Birbhum, Chapter IV: Economic Opportunities and Security of Livelihood| work = Chapter 4.4: Opportunities in Industries, Page 93| publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009| access-date = 20 January 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170611000625/http://www.wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Birbhum/CHP-4.pdf| archive-date = 11 June 2017| url-status = dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
The proportion of workers engaged in agriculture in Birbhum has been decreasing. According to the District Human Development Report, “more people are now engaged in non-agricultural activities, such as fishing, retail sales, vegetable vending, selling milk, and so on. As all these activities are at the lower end of the spectrum of marketable skills, it remains doubtful if these activities generate enough return for their family’s sustenance.”<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Birbhum/CHP-4.pdf| title = District Human Development Report: Birbhum, Chapter IV: Economic Opportunities and Security of Livelihood| work = Chapter 4.2: Structure of Employment, Page 78| publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009| access-date = 20 January 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170611000625/http://www.wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Birbhum/CHP-4.pdf| archive-date = 11 June 2017| url-status = dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Backward Regions Grant Fund===<br />
Birbhum district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 22 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 22 January 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Transport==<br />
Murarai II CD block has 3 ferry services and 13 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 8 km from block headquarters.<ref name=handbook2014/><br />
<br />
Raghunathpur-Murarai Road and Chatra-Hyatnagar Road cross near [[Paikar]].<ref>Google maps</ref><br />
<br />
==Education==<br />
In 2013-14, Murarai II CD block had 87 primary schools with 16,271 students, 27 middle schools with 1,093 students, 8 high schools with 10,012 students and 8 higher secondary schools with 8,595 students. Murarai II CD Block had 1 technical/ professional institution with 62 students and 305 institutions for special and non-formal education with 18,259 students<ref name=handbook2014/><br />
<br />
As per the 2011 census, in Murarai II CD Block, amongst the 66 inhabited villages, all villages had a school, 34 villages had more than 1 primary school, 28 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 15 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school. 9 villages had senior secondary schools. There was a degree college of art science and commerce in Murarai II CD Block.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Birbhum, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 936-937, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools, Page 933, Appendix I: Summary showing total number of villages having Educational, Medical and other amenities – C.D.Block level | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 22 January 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Healthcare==<br />
In 2014, Murarai II CD Block had 1 rural hospital and 4 primary health centres with total 52 beds and 8 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 29 family welfare subcentres. 9,771 patients were treated indoor and 111,875 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.<ref name=handbook2014/><br />
<br />
As per 2011 census, in Murarai II CD Block, 6 villages had primary health centres, 24 villages had primary health subcentres, 4 villages had maternity and child welfare centres, 1 village had a veterinary hospital, 7 villages had medicine shops and out of the 66 inhabited villages 32 villages had no medical facilities.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Birbhum, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 933-34, Appendix I: Summary showing total number of villages having Educational, Medical and other amenities – C.D.Block level | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 22 January 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
Paikar Rural Hospital at [[Paikar]] has 30 beds. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Jajigram (10 beds), Rudranagar (10 beds) and Bhimpur (6 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 26 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/BPHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Block Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 26 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 26 January 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|3}}<br />
<br />
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}<br />
{{Birbhum topics}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Community development blocks in Birbhum district]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pasanga_Pandi&diff=524659Pasanga Pandi2025-02-01T10:40:01Z<p>Itssuvam: Started Data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actor}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Pasanga Pandi<br />
| image = Pasanga Pandi.jpg<br />
| birth_date = c. 1996<br />
| occupation = Actor<br />
| other_names = Pakoda Pandi, Thamizh<br />
| yearsactive = 2009{{ndash}}present<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Pasanga Pandi''', formerly credited as '''Pakoda Pandi''', is an Indian actor who works in Tamil-language films.<br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
He made his film debut as a child artist with ''[[Pasanga]]'' (2009) and earned the stagename 'Pakkada' Pandi from his role in the film. He then starred in ''[[Marina (2012 film)|Marina]]'' (2012), the Hindi film ''[[Aiyaa]]'' (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/pakkada-pandi-goes-to-bollywood-406900.html|title='Pakkada' Pandi goes to Bollywood|website=News18}}</ref> and ''[[Goli Soda]]'' (2014).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/270417/anandhi-in-an-alluring-role-in-en-aaloda-seruppa-kaanom.html|title=Anandhi in an alluring role in En Aaloda Seruppa Kaanom|first=Anupama|last=Subramanian|date=27 April 2017|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2011/sep/17/pandirajs-next-titled-marina-291652.html|title=Pandiraj's next titled Marina|newspaper=The New Indian Express|date=17 September 2011|accessdate=26 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/goli-soda-busan-review-738265|title='Goli Soda': Busan Review|magazine=The Hollywood Reporter|date=6 October 2014|first=Elizabeth|last=Kerr|accessdate=26 July 2020}}</ref> He made his lead debut in ''[[En Aaloda Seruppa Kaanom]]'' (2017) opposite [[Anandhi (actress)|Anandhi]] under the stage name of Thamizh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/pakoda-pandi-to-pair-with-actress-anandhi-/articleshow/58313326.cms|title=நடிகை ஆனந்திக்கு ஜோடியாக பகோடா பாண்டி நடிக்கிறார்! [Pandi is acting as actress Anandhi's husband!]|language=ta|website=Samayam Tamil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/en-aaloda-seruppa-kaanom/movie-review/61682387.cms|title=En Aaloda Seruppa Kaanom Movie Review {2/5}: Critic Review of En Aaloda Seruppa Kaanom by Times of India|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/this-film-revolves-around-heroines-slippers/articleshow/58314641.cms|title=This film revolves around heroine's slippers - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
*''All films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.''<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Role<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2009 ||''[[Pasanga]]'' || Kuzhanthaivelu (Pakkada) ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2012 || ''[[Marina (2012 film)|Marina]]'' || Ambikapathy || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aiyyaa]]'' || Pakkada Pandi || [[Hindi]] film<br />
|-<br />
| 2014 || ''[[Goli Soda]]'' || Sithappa ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5"|2015 || ''[[Vajram (2015 film)|Vajram]]'' || Pandi ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Agathinai]]'' || Ayanaru's friend ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[India Pakistan]]'' || Dheena || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kamara Kattu]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Pasanga 2]]'' || Bully || Guest appearance<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || ''[[En Aaloda Seruppa Kaanom]]'' || Krishnan Kithan ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2018 || ''[[Kadaikutty Singam]]'' || Teacher's grandson ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2019 || ''[[Sagaa]]'' || Kathir ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Namma Veettu Pillai]]'' || Kottravai's husband || <br />
|-<br />
| 2021 || ''[[Jail (2021 film)|Jail]]'' || Kalai || <br />
|-<br />
| 2022 || ''Company'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2022 || ''[[Manja Kuruvi]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2024 || ''[[Goli Soda Rising]]'' || Sithappa || Web Series<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*{{IMDb name|1233791}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male child actors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darhgam_Assembly_constituency&diff=495609Darhgam Assembly constituency2025-01-24T15:32:24Z<p>Itssuvam: made a data...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly in India}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Darhgam<br />
| type= SLA<br />
| state = Jammu and Kashmir<br />
| established = 1962<br />
| abolished = 1967<br />
| electors = 22,843<br />
| mla = Ghulam Nabi Wani<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Independent politician}}<br />
| constituency_no =<br />
| latest_election_year = [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
| district =<br />
| loksabha_cons =<br />
| reservation =<br />
}}<br />
'''Darhgam Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the India [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Election<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Ghulam Nabi Wani || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
===Assembly Election 1962 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Darhgam<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006183842/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Nabi Wani |party=Independent politician |votes=7,573 |percentage=53.71% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Mohammed Mir |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=6,527 |percentage=46.29% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,046 |percentage=7.42% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,100 |percentage=62.30% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 22,843 |ref = |change= }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Jammu and Kashmir}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{JammuandKashmir-geo-stub}}</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_works_related_to_Marthandavarma_(novel)&diff=464139List of works related to Marthandavarma (novel)2025-01-12T05:01:01Z<p>Itssuvam: basic adjust article after review and improved wording</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|None}}<br />
<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}<br />
{{Main|Marthandavarma (novel)}}<br />
This list of reference sources provides an overview of notable works related to the historical novel, ''[[Marthandavarma (novel)|Marthandavarma]]'' on various media; that are used or not used but referred or used and removed as citation sources in the main article page and in the pages about [[List of allusions in Marthandavarma novel|allusions]] and [[List of Marthandavarma characters|characters]].{{sfnp|CV Research Spectroscope|1989}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
Scripted sources that are referred for citations are under '''primary''', '''secondary''', '''tertiary''' sections, where as the '''quaternary''' section consists of reference sources that are primarily used to validate the credibility of authors of works mentioned in the first three sections.<br />
<br />
===Primary===<br />
====Source Novel====<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pillai|first1=C. V. Raman|author-link1=C. V. Raman Pillai|year=1983|orig-year=1891|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ|trans-title=Marthandavarma|language=ml|publisher=Little Prince Publications|location=Kottayam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pillai|first1=C. V. Raman|author-link1=C. V. Raman Pillai|year=1983|orig-year=1891|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ|trans-title=Marthandavarma|language=ml|publisher=Poorna Publications|location=Kozhikode}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pillai|first1=C. V. Raman|author-link1=C. V. Raman Pillai|year=2009|orig-year=1891|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ|trans-title=Marthandavarma|language=ml|publisher=Poorna Publications|edition=Fourth|location=Kozhikode|ref={{harvid|Poorna Edition|2009}}}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pillai|first1=C.V. Raman|author-link1=C.V. Raman Pillai|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ|trans-title=Marthandavarma|year=1973|orig-year=1891|publisher=Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd|location=Kottayam|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pillai|first1=C.V. Raman|author-link1=C.V. Raman Pillai|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ|trans-title=Marthandavarma|orig-year=1891|year=1991|publisher=Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd|location=Kottayam|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pillai|first1=C. V. Raman|author-link1=C. V. Raman Pillai|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ|trans-title=Marthandavarma|edition=Definitive Variorum|year=1992|orig-year=1891|publisher=[[D. C. Books]]|location=Kottayam|language=ml|isbn=8171301304}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pillai|first1=C. V. Raman|author-link1=C. V. Raman Pillai|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ|trans-title=Marthandavarma|edition=Definitive Variorum Revised|year=2009|orig-year=1891|publisher=[[D. C. Books]]|location=Kottayam|language=ml|isbn=978-8171301300|ref={{harvid|Definitive Variorum|2009}}}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pillai|first1=C. V. Raman|author-link1=C. V. Raman Pillai|year=1999|orig-year=1891|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ|trans-title=Marthandavarma|language=ml|location=Thrissur|publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]|isbn=8176900001}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pillai|first1=C. V. Raman|author-link1=C. V. Raman Pillai|year=2009|orig-year=1891|series=Malayalam Classics|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ|trans-title=Marthandavarma|language=ml|publisher=Rachana Books|location=Kollam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pillai|first1=C. V. Raman|author-link1=C. V. Raman Pillai|year=2013|orig-year=1891|series=Nōval Paḻama|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ|trans-title=Marthandavarma|language=ml|publisher=Chintha Publishers|location=Thiruvananthapuram}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pillai|first1=C. V. Raman|author-link1=C. V. Raman Pillai|title=Si. Vi. Rāmanpiḷḷāyuṭe Caritrākhyāyikakaḷ Sampūṟṇṇaṁ|script-title=ml:സി. വി. രാമൻപിള്ളയുടെ ചരിത്രാഖ്യായികകൾ സമ്പൂർണ്ണം|trans-title=C. V. Raman Pilla's Complete Historical Narratives |edition=first|orig-year=1891{{ndash}}1919|year=2010|publisher=[[D. C. Books]]|location=Kottayam|language=ml|isbn=9788126427970}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pillai|first1=C. V. Raman|author-link1=C. V. Raman Pillai|year=1994|orig-year=1913|title=Dhaṟmarājā|script-title=ml:ധർമ്മരാജാ|trans-title=Dharmaraja|language=ml|location=Kottayam|publisher=Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pillai|first1=C. V. Raman|author-link1=C. V. Raman Pillai|year=2009|orig-year=1918{{ndash}}1919|title=Rāmarājābahadūṟ|script-title=ml:രാമരാജാബഹദൂർ|trans-title=Ramarajabahadur|language=ml|location=Kottayam|publisher=Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd}}<br />
<br />
====Translation====<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pillai|first1=O. Krishna|title=Mārttāṇṭa Varma|script-title=ta:மார்த்தாண்ட வர்மா|trans-title=Marthandavarma|year=1954|publisher=Kamalalaya Book Depot|location=Trivandrum|language=Tamil}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Menon|first1=B.K|title=Marthanda Varma|edition=First|year=1936|publisher=Kamalalaya Book Depot|location=Trivandrum}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Menon|first1=B.K|title=Marthanda Varma|orig-year=1936|year=1998|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|location=New Delhi|edition=Revised|isbn=9788126004683|ref={{harvid|English Translation|1998}}}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Devi|first1=R. Leela|author-link1=R. Leela Devi|title=Marthanda varma|edition=Second|year=1984|orig-year=1979|publisher=Sterling Paperbacks|location=New Delhi|isbn=9780865782419}}<br />
* {{cite journal|last=Krishnankutty|first=Kunnukuzhy|year=1990|title=Mārtāṇḍa Varma|script-title=hi:मार्ताण्ड वर्मा|trans-title=Marthandavarma |journal=Keral Jyoti|issue=3|volume=XXV|location=Thiruvananthapuram|publisher=Kerala Hindi Prachar Sabha|language=Hindi}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Thambi|first1=P. Padmanabhan|title=Mārttāṇṭa Varmma|script-title=ta:மார்த்தாண்ட வர்ம்மா|trans-title=Marthandavarma|year=2007|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-8126016587|language=Tamil}}<br />
<br />
====Abridgement====<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Janardhanan|first1=Kannan|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ|trans-title=Marthandavarma|edition=Abrid.|year=1964|publisher=Kamalalaya Book Depot|location=Thiruvananthapuram|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Janardhanan|first1=Kannan|title=Dhaṟmarājā|script-title=ml:ധർമ്മരാജാ|trans-title=Dharmaraja|edition=Abrid.|year=1968|publisher=Kamalalaya Book Depot|location=Thiruvananthapuram|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Basheer|first1=Dr. M. M.|author-link1=M. M. Basheer|title=Kuṭṭikaḷuṭe Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma|script-title=ml:കുട്ടികളുടെ മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ|trans-title=Children's Marthandavarma|series=Children's Literature |year=1984|publisher=C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation|location=Thiruvananthapuram|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Nair|first1=Prof. P. Ramachandran|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ|trans-title=Marthandavarma|edition=Children's Literature|series=Punarākhyānaparampara |year=2011|publisher=[[D. C. Books]]|location=Kottayam|language=ml|isbn=9788126429806|ref={{harvid|Abridged edn.|2011}}}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Ramachandran|first1=Dr. V.|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ|trans-title=Marthandavarma|edition=Abridged Novel|year=2012|publisher=Dr. V. Ramachandran|location=Kottayam|language=ml|ref={{harvid|Abridged edn.|2012}}}}<br />
<br />
====Comics====<br />
* {{Cite comic|writer=Radha Nair|artist=M. Mohandas|coartists=Ramesh Umrotkar|editor=[[Anant Pai]]|story=A Historical Romance from Kerala|title=The Legend of Maarthaanda Varma|issue=346|date=December 1985|publisher=[[India Book House|IBH Publishers Pvt. Ltd]]|location=Bombay}} <br />
:* {{Cite comic|writer=Radha Nair|artist=M. Mohandas|coartists=Ramesh Umrotkar|editor=[[Anant Pai]]|story=A Romantic Legend from Kerala|title=Maarthaanda Varma|volume=813|date=December 2010|publisher=[[Amar Chitra Katha|Amar Chitra Katha Pvt. Ltd]]|location=Mumbai}} <br />
:* {{Cite comic|writer=Radha Nair|artist=M. Mohandas|coartists=Ramesh Umrotkar|editor=[[Anant Pai]]|story=മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma]|volume=XVII|issue=6|date=September 2007|title=[[Balarama (magazine)|Balarama Amar Chithra Katha]]|location=Kottayam}}<br />
<br />
====Textbook====<br />
* {{Cite book|title=Kēraḷa Pāṭhāvali|script-title=ml:കേരള പാഠാവലി|trans-title=Kerala Reader|year=1997|orig-year=1988|publisher=[[Kerala State Education Board|SCERT]], [[Govt. of Kerala]]|series=Standard X|location=Thiruvananthapuram|language=ml|chapter=സി. വി. യുടെ മാനസപുത്രി [Daughter of CV's Mind]}}<br />
* {{Cite book|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma Upapāṭhapustakaṁ|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ ഉപപാഠപുസ്തകം|trans-title=Marthandavarma Sub-textbook|year=1985|orig-year=1977|publisher=[[Kerala State Education Board|SCERT]], [[Govt. of Kerala]]|series=Standard IX|location=Thiruvananthapuram|language=Malayalam}}<br />
<br />
===Secondary===<br />
<br />
====History====<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Menon|first1=P. Shangoony|year=1998|orig-year=1879|title=History of Travancore from the Earliest Times|location=New Delhi|publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]]|ref={{harvid|History of Travancore|1879}}}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Aiya|first1=V. Nagam|author-link1=V. Nagam Aiya|year=1999|orig-year=1906|title=The Travancore State Manual|volume=I|location=Thiruvananthapuram|publisher=Kerala Gazetteers Department, [[Government of Kerala|Govt. of Kerala]]}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pillay|first1=Nanoo|author-link1=Nanoo Pillai|year=1886|chapter=The Sketch of Progress of Travancore|editor1-last=Elenkath|editor1-first=K. R.|title={{harv|Dewan Nanoo Pillay|1974}}}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Kunju|first1=Dr. A.P. Ibrahim|year=2005|orig-year=1990|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma: Ādhunika Tiruvitāṁkūṟinṟe Udayaṁ|trans-title=Marthanda Varma : Rise of Modern Travancore|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ: ആധുനിക തിരുവിതാംകൂറിന്റെ ഉദയം|language=ml|location=Thiruvananthapuram|publisher=Cultural Publications Department, [[Government of Kerala|Govt. of Kerala]]|ref={{harvid|Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma: Ādhunika Tiruvitāṁkūṟinṟe Udayaṁ|2005}}}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Kunju|first1=Dr. A. P. Ibrahim|year=1976|title=Rise of Travancore: A Study of life and times of Marthanda Varma|location=Trivandrum|publisher=Kerala Historical Society}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pillai|first1=T.K. Velu|year=1996|orig-year=1940|title=The Travancore State Manual|volume=II|location=Thiruvananthapuram|publisher=Kerala Gazetteers Department, [[Government of Kerala|Govt. of Kerala]]}}<br />
:* {{cite book|author=(Anonymous authors)|year=1996|orig-year=1375{{ndash}}1872|editor1-last=Pillai|editor1-first=T.K. Velu|title=The Travancore State Manual|language=ml|volume=II|others=(Historical Documents)}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Moothathu|first1=Vaikkath Pachu|author-link1=Vaikkath Pachu Moothathu|year=1986|orig-year=1867|title=Tiruvitāṁkūṟ Caritraṁ|script-title=ml:തിരുവിതാംകൂർ ചരിത്രം|trans-title=Travancore History|language=ml|location=Kochi|publisher=Prathibha Publications}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Varatharajan|first1=K. P.|year=2000|title=Tiruvaṭi Tēcaṁ Tiruppāppūr Paramparai Śrīmat Aṉantapatmanāpaṉ Nāṭār Varalāṟu|script-title=ta:திருவடி தேசம் திருப்பாப்பூர் பரம்பரை மாவீரன் ஶ்ரீமத் அனந்தபத்மநாபன் நாடார் வரலாறு|trans-title=History of great hero Mr. Ananthapadmanabhan Nadar in Thripappur lineage of Thiruvati nation|language=ta|location=Kattathurai|publisher=Ananthapadmanabhan Trust}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1= Kareem|first1=C. K.|year=2012|orig-year=1973|title=Tiruvitāṁkūṟ Caritraṁ|script-title=ml:തിരുവിതാംകൂർ ചരിത്രം|trans-title=Travancore History|language=ml|location=Thiruvananthapuram|publisher=[[Kerala Bhasha Institute|State Institute of Languages]]|isbn=9788176380744|ref={{harvid|Tiruvitāṁkūṟ Caritraṁ|2012}}}} Translation of {{harv|History of Travancore|1879}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Immanuel|first1=Dr. M.|year=2007|chapter=A Forgotten Hero|title=Kanniyakumari: Aspects and Architects|location=Nagercoil|publisher=Historical Research and Publications Trust}}<br />
* {{cite book|year=2011|editor1-last=Immanuel|editor1-first=Dr. M.|editor2-last=Sarveswaran|editor2-first=Dr. P.|title=Māvīraṉ Taḷapati Aṉantapatmanāpaṉ|script-title=ta:மாவீரன் தளபதி அனந்தபத்மநாபன்|trans-title=Great Commander Ananthapadmanabhan|location=Nagercoil|publisher=Cultural Historical Linguistic Indigenous Research Organisation, India|language=Tamil}}<br />
:* {{cite book|last1=Radhakrishnan|first1=R.|year=2011|title=Tiruvaṭi Paramparaiyil Utitta Māvīraṉ|script-title=ta:திருவடி பரம்பரையில் உதித்த மாவீரன்|trans-title=Hero emerged in the Thiruvati Lineage|language=Tamil}}<br />
:* {{cite book|last1=Parthan|year=2011|title=Anantapadmanābhan Nāṭāruṁ Tiruvilāṁkūṟ Niṟmmitiyuṁ|script-title=ml:അനന്തപത്മനാഭൻ നാടാരും തിരുവിതാംകൂർ നിർമ്മിതിയും|trans-title=Ananthapadmanabhan Nadar and Travancore formation|language=Malayalam}}<br />
:* {{cite book|last1=Shobhanan|first1=Dr. B.|year=2011|title=A Note on Ananthapadmanabhan}}<br />
* {{cite thesis|last=Janarthanan|first=M.|date=June 2008|title=A History of Nayars of South Travancore|type=Ph.D.|publisher=[[Manonmaniam Sundaranar University]]|location=Tirunelveli}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pazhani|first1=Dr. T.|year=2003|title=Social Change among the Vellalas of Nanchinad|location=Aluva|publisher=Pen Books}}<br />
<br />
====Literary study====<br />
* {{harvtxt|Definitive Variorum|2009}}<br />
:* {{cite book|last1=Pilla|first1=Prof. N. Krishna|author-link1=N. Krishna Pillai|last2=Nair|first2=Prof. V. Anandakkuttan|year=1983|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma: Caritravuṁ Kalpanayuṁ|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ: ചരിത്രവും കല്പനയും|trans-title=Marthandavarma: History and Figment|language=Malayalam}}<br />
:* {{cite book|last1=Pilla|first1=Prof. N. Krishna|author-link1=N. Krishna Pillai|last2=Nair|first2=Prof. V. Anandakkuttan|year=1983|title=Kathākālaṁ; saṁbhavasthalaṅṅaḷ|script-title=ml:കഥാകാലം; സംഭവസ്ഥലങ്ങൾ|trans-title=Timeline of story; Incident locations|language=Malayalam}}<br />
:* {{cite book|last1=Pilla|first1=Dr. K. Raghavan|author-link1=K. Raghavan Pillai|title=Si Vi yuṭe Caritrākhyāyikakaḷkk Orāmukhaṁ|script-title=ml:സി വി യുടെ ചരിത്രാഖ്യായികകൾക്ക് ഒരാമുഖം|trans-title=An Introduction to CV's Historical Narratives|year=1983|language=Malayalam}}<br />
:* {{cite book|last1=Venugopalan|first1=Dr. P.|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma: Sr̥ṣṭiyuṁ svarūpavuṁ|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ: സൃഷ്ടിയും സ്വരൂപവും|trans-title=Marthandavarma: Creation and Formation|year=1992|language=Malayalam}}<br />
:* {{cite book|last1=Venugopalan|first1=Dr. P.|title=Sūcitasāhityakr̥tikaḷ – Oru paṭhanaṁ|script-title=ml:സൂചിതസാഹിത്യകൃതികൾ - ഒരു പഠനം|trans-title=Referred Literary works – A study|year=1992|language=Malayalam}}<br />
:* {{cite book|last1=Venugopalan|first1=Dr. P.|title=Vyākhyānakkuṟippukaḷ|script-title=ml:വ്യാഖ്യാനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ|trans-title=Explanatory notes|year=1992|language=Malayalam}}<br />
:* {{cite book|last1=Kizhakemuri|first1=D C|author-link1=D. C. Kizhakemuri|title=Pṟasādhakakkuṟipp|script-title=ml:പ്രസാധകക്കുറിപ്പ്|trans-title=Publishers' Note|year=1992|language=Malayalam}}<br />
:* {{cite book|last1=Paniker|first1=Dr. Ayyappa|author-link1=Ayyappa Paniker|title=Śatābdi praśasti|script-title=ml:ശതാബ്ദി പ്രശസ്തി|trans-title=Centenary Fame|year=1992|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pilla|first1=Prof. N. Krishna|author-link1=N. Krishna Pillai|year=2011|orig-year=1986|title=Pratipātraṁ Bhāṣaṇabhēdaṁ|script-title=ml:പ്രതിപാത്രം ഭാഷണഭേദം|trans-title=Speech variance per character|language=ml|edition=2{{sup|nd}} DCB|location=Kottayam|publisher=[[D. C. Books]]|isbn=978-8171303946}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pilla|first1=Prof. N. Krishna|author-link1=N. Krishna Pillai|year=2010|orig-year=1958|title=Kairaḷiyuṭe Katha|script-title=ml:കൈരളിയുടെ കഥ|trans-title=Story of Kairali|language=ml|location=Kottayam|publisher=[[D. C. Books]]|isbn=978-8126405091}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Paul|first1=M. P.|author-link1=M. P. Paul|title=Nōvalsāhityaṁ|script-title=ml:നോവൽസാഹിത്യം|trans-title=Novel Literature|edition=First Poorna|year=1991|orig-year=1930|publisher=Poorna Publications|location=Kozhikode|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Krishnan|first1=K. S.|year=1991|orig-year=1988|title=Si. Vi. Caritrākhyāyikakaḷilūṭe|script-title=ml:സി. വി. ചരിത്രാഖ്യായികകളിലൂടെ|trans-title=C. V., through the Historical Narratives|language=ml|publisher=Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd|location=Kottayam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Krishnan|first1=K. S.|year=1993|edition=First|title=Si Vi yuṭe mūnnu kathāpātraṅṅaḷ|script-title=ml:സി വി യുടെ മൂന്നു കഥാപാത്രങ്ങൾ|trans-title=C.V's three characters|language=ml|publisher=Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd|location=Kottayam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Irumbayam|first1=Dr. George|author-link1=George Irumbayam|year=2010|orig-year=1982|title=Ādyakāla Malayāḷanōval|script-title=ml:ആദ്യകാല മലയാളനോവൽ|trans-title=Early Malayalam Novel|language=ml|publisher=Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd|location=Kottayam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Irumbayam|first1=Dr. George|author-link1=Dr. George Irumbayam|year=1997|orig-year=1984|title=Malayāḷanōval Pattompatāṁ Nūṯāṇṭil|script-title=ml:മലയാളനോവൽ പത്തൊമ്പതാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിൽ|trans-title=Malayalam Novel in Nineteenth Century|language=ml|publisher=Cultural Publications Department, [[Government of Kerala|Govt. of Kerala]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Irumbayam|first1=Dr. George|author-link1=George Irumbayam|year=2009|orig-year=1996|title=Nōval Si.Vi. Mutal Baṣīṟ Vare|script-title=ml:നോവൽ സി. വി. മുതൽ ബഷീർ വരെ|trans-title=Novel : From C. V. until Basheer|language=ml|location=Thrissur|publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]}}<br />
* {{cite journal|last1=Irumbayam|first1=Dr. George|author-link1=Dr. George Irumbayam|title=Indian Literature|journal=Treasures of Malayalam Literature from Europe|location=New Delhi|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|date=July 1981|volume=24|issue=4}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Nair|first1=S. Guptan|author-link1=S. Guptan Nair|year=2001|chapter=''മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ''യും സി.വി. യും [''Marthandavarma'' and C.V.]|title=Gadyaṁ Pinniṭṭa Vaḻikaḷ|script-title=ml:ഗദ്യം പിന്നിട്ട വഴികൾ|trans-title=Paths passed by prose|language=ml|publisher=[[D. C. Books]]|location=Kottayam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Devi|first1=R. Leela|author-link1=R. Leela Devi|title=Influence of English on Malayalam Novels|year=1978|publisher=College Book House|location=Trivandrum}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Balakrishnan|first1=Dr. Kalpatta|year=2005|orig-year=1986|title=Caritranōval Malayāḷattil|script-title=ml:ചരിത്രനോവൽ മലയാളത്തിൽ|trans-title=Historical Novel in Malayalam|language=ml|location=Thrissur|publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]|isbn=8176900869|ref={{harvid|Caritranōval Malayāḷattil|2005}}}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pillai|first1=Dr. P. V. Velayudhan|title=Āṇuṅṅaḷillātta Koṟa Valyakoṟa (Si.vi nōvalukaḷ oru punaṟvāyana)|script-title=ml:ആണുങ്ങളില്ലാത്ത കൊറ വല്യകൊറ (സി.വി. നോവലുകൾ ഒരു പുനർവായന)|trans-title=Scarcity of Men is a major exiguity (C. V. Novels, a re-reading)|year=2000|publisher=Prabhatham Printing and Publishing Co.|location=Thiruvananthapuram|language=ml|ref={{harvid|Āṇuṅṅaḷillātta Koṟa Valyakoṟa|2000}}}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pillai|first1=Dr. A. M. Vasudevan|title=Nōvaluṁ Rāṣṭṟīyavuṁ|script-title=ml:നോവലും രാഷ്ട്രീയവും|trans-title=Novel and Politics|year=1991|publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]|location=Thrissur|language=ml|chapter=സി. വി. രാമൻപിള്ളയുടെ രാഷ്ട്രീയ നോവലുകൾ [Political novels of C. V. Raman Pillai]}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Thomas|first1=Prof. Thumpamon|year=1992|chapter=മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മയിലൂടെ [Through ''Marthandavarma'']|title=Malayāḷanōvalil Oru Punḥapariśōdhana|script-title=ml:മലയാളനോവലിൽ ഒരു പുനഃപരിശോധന|trans-title=A Re-examination in Malayalam Novel|language=ml|location=Kottayam|publisher=Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Tharakan|first1=Prof. K. M.|author-link1=K. M. Tharakan|year=2005|orig-year=1978|title=Malayāḷa Nōval Sāhitya Caritṟaṁ|script-title=ml:മലയാള നോവൽ സാഹിത്യ ചരിത്രം|trans-title=History of Malayalam Novel Literature|language=ml|location=Thrissur|publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]|isbn=8176900788}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Onakkoor|first1=Dr. George|year=2013|title=Nāyaka Sankalpaṁ Malayāḷa Nōvalil|script-title=ml:നായക സങ്കല്പം മലയാള നോവലിൽ|trans-title=Concept of Hero in Malayalam Novel|language=ml|location=Kottayam|publisher=Ascend Publication}}<br />
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Nair|editor1-first=Prof. [[Panmana Ramachandran Nair]]|year=2013|title=Si. Vi. Paṭhanaṅṅaḷ|script-title=ml:സി. വി. പഠനങ്ങൾ|trans-title=C. V. Studies|language=ml|location=Thiruvananthapuram|publisher=P. K. Parameswaran Nair Memorial Trust|isbn=9788124019566|ref={{harvid|CV Studies|2013}}}}<br />
:* {{cite book|last1=Nair|first1=Dr. Poojapura Krishnan|title=Rasāviṣkaraṇaṁ si.vi. nōvalukaḷil|script-title=ml:രസാവിഷ്കരണം സി.വി.നോവലുകളിൽ|trans-title=Representation of themes in C. V. Novels|language=Malayalam}}<br />
:* {{cite book|last1=Nair I. A. S|first1=R. Ramachandran|title=Rājanītiyuṁ pṟajādhaṟmmavuṁ|script-title=ml:രാജനീതിയും പ്രജാധർമ്മവും|trans-title=Royal policies and populous ethics|language=Malayalam}}<br />
:* {{cite book|last1=Benjamin|first1=Dr. D.|title=Dēśacaritṟaṁ si.vi.yuṭe nōvalukaḷil|script-title=ml:ദേശചരിത്രം സി.വി.യുടെ നോവലുകളിൽ|trans-title=Locality history in C.V.'s novels|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Benjamin|first1=Dr. D.|year=2010|orig-year=1994|title=Nōvalsāhityapaṭhanaṅṅaḷ|script-title=ml:നോവൽസാഹിത്യപഠനങ്ങൾ|trans-title=Novel literature studies|language=ml|location=Thiruvananthapuram|publisher=MaluBen Publications|isbn=9788187480655}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Kurup|first1=C. Sreekanta|year=2007|title=Si. Vi. Manasuṁ Kalayuṁ|script-title=ml:സി.വി. മനസ്സും കലയും|trans-title=C.V. Mind and Art|language=ml|publisher=The Book Digest|location=Kottayam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Prabodhachandran|first1=Dr. V. R.|year=2003|title=Śailībhaṁgikaḷ|trans-title=Style-charms|script-title=ml:ശൈലീഭംഗികൾ|language=ml|chapter=സീ വീ ശൈലി [C V Style]|location=Thiruvananthapuram|publisher=[[Kerala Bhasha Institute|State Institute of Languages]]}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Das|first=Sisir Kumar|title=A History of Indian Literature: 1800-1910, Western Impact: Indian Responses|edition=Reprint|volume=8|orig-year=1991|year=2005|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788172010065}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Das|first=Sisir Kumar|author-link1=Sisir Kumar Das|year=2006|orig-year=1995|volume=II|title=A History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956, Struggle for Freedom : Triumph and Tragedy|location=New Delhi|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|isbn=9788172017989}}<br />
* {{cite book|author=Haridevan|title=Bhūmika|script-title=ml:ഭൂമിക|trans-title=Prelude|language=ml|others={{harv|Poorna Edition|2009}}}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Thekkummoodu|first1=Dr. B. Balanandan|year=2010|chapter=സി.വി.രാമൻപിള്ളയുടെ നോവൽത്രയം [C. V. Raman Pillai's Novel Trilogy]|title=Saṟggātmakatayuṭe Śṟutibhēdaṅṅaḷ|script-title=ml:സർഗ്ഗാത്മകതയുടെ ശ്രുതിഭേദങ്ങൾ|trans-title=Sough Variations of Creativity|language=ml|location=Thiruvananthapuram|publisher=Souparnika Publication}}<br />
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Lal|editor1-first=Mohan|year=2001|orig-year=1992|volume=V|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot|location=New Delhi|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|isbn=8126012218}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Jayakumar|first1=Prema|title=Foreword|others={{harv|English Translation|1998}}}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Nair|first1=P. K. Parameswaran|author-link1=P.K. Parameswaran Nair|year=2010|orig-year=1958|edition=12{{sup|th}}|title=Malayāḷa sahityacaritraṁ|script-title=ml:മലയാള സാഹിത്യചരിത്രം|trans-title=Malayalam literary history|location=New Delhi|language=ml|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=George|first1=K. M.|author-link1=K. M. George (writer)|title=Western Influence on Malayalam Language and Literature|year=1998|orig-year=1972|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788126004133}}<br />
<br />
====Biography====<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Nair|first1=P. K. Parameswaran|author-link1=P.K. Parameswaran Nair|year=1959|orig-year=1948|title=Si. Vi. Rāman Piḷḷa|script-title=ml:സി. വി. രാമൻ പിള്ള|trans-title=C. V. Raman Pillai|language=ml|location=Thriuvananthapuram|publisher=Kerala Sahithya Sahakarana Sangham}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Nair|first1=P. K. Parameswaran|author-link1=P.K. Parameswaran Nair|year=2014|orig-year=1948|title=Si. Vi. Rāman Piḷḷa|script-title=ml:സി. വി. രാമൻ പിള്ള|trans-title=C. V. Raman Pillai|language=ml|location=Thrissur|publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Nair|first1=N. Balakrishnan|year=1951|title=Sākṣāl Si. Vi|script-title=ml:സാക്ഷാൽ സി. വി.|trans-title=Real C. V.|language=ml|location=Thiruvananthapuram|publisher=Kamalalaya Printing Works & Book Depot}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Paniker|first1=Dr. Ayyappa|author-link1=Ayyappa Paniker|title=Si. Vi. Rāman Piḷḷa|script-title=ml:സി. വി. രാമൻ പിള്ള|trans-title=C. V. Raman Pillai|series=Malalyalam Men of Letters|year=1993|publisher=Dept. of Publications, [[University of Kerala]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Nair|first1=S. Guptan|author-link1=S. Guptan Nair|title=C. V. Raman Pillai|edition=First|year=1992|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|location=New Delhi}}<br />
:* {{cite book|author=(Unknown reporter)|editor1-last=Nair|editor1-first=S. Guptan |editor-link1=S. Guptan Nair|title=Appendix I: Editorial from ''The Hindu'', dated 21 December 1891|year=1992|orig-year=1891}}<br />
* {{cite journal|last1=Pilla|first1=K. R. Parameswaran|journal=Ātmapōṣiṇi|title=Si. Vi. Rāmanpiḷḷa Avaṟkaḷuṭe Nōvaleḻuttŭ|script-title=ml:സി. വി. രാമൻപിള്ള അവർകളുടെ നോവലെഴുത്ത്|trans-title=The novel scripting of respected C. V. Raman Pillai|language=ml|volume=XI|issue=9|location=Kunnamkulam|publisher=Akshara Ratna Prakasika|year=1921}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Gopalakrishnan|first1=Malayankeezh|year=2007|title=Ji. Pi. Piḷḷa Mahātmagāndhikk Māṟgadaṟśiyāya Malayāḷi|script-title=ml:ജി. പി. പിള്ള മഹാത്മാഗാന്ധിക്ക് മാർഗദർശിയായ മലയാളി|trans-title=G. P. Pillai : Malayali guidance to Mahatma Gandhi|language=ml|location=Thriruvananthapuram|publisher=[[Department of Information and Public Relations (Kerala)|Information & Public Relations Department]], [[Govt. of Kerala]]}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Jeffrey|first1=Robin|author-link1=Robin Jeffrey|year=2014|orig-year=1976|title=The Decline of Nair Dominance: Society and Politics in Travancore, 1847-1908|location=New Delhi|publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors|isbn=9789350980347}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Elenkath|first1=K. R.|year=1974|title=Dewan Nanoo Pillay Biography with his select writings and letters|location=Neyyoor-West|publisher=Dewan Nanoo Pillay Memorial Reading Room|ref={{harvid|Dewan Nanoo Pillay|1974}}}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Nair|first1=Perunna K. N.|editor1-last=Warrier|editor1-first=P. A.|editor2-last=Kizhakemuri|editor2-first=D. C.|editor2-link=D. C. Kizhakemuri|year=1984|series=Mahacharithamaala|number=141|chapter=കുളക്കുന്നത്തു രാമമേനോൻ [Kulakkunnathu Raman Menon]|title=Kuḷakkunnattu Rāmamēnōn Māḷiyammāvu Kuññuvaṟīt Es. Ṭi. Ṟeḍyāṟ E. Ke. Ṭi. Ke. Eṁ Tōmas Pōḷ Eṁ. Je. Tōmas|script-title=ml:കുളക്കുന്നത്തു രാമമേനോൻ മാളിയമ്മാവു കുഞ്ഞുവറീത് എസ്. ടി. റെഡ്യാർ എ. കെ. ടി. കെ. എം. തോമസ് പോൾ എം. ജെ. തോമസ്|trans-title=Biographies of Kulakkunnathu Raman Menon, Maliyammavu Kunjuvareethu, S. T. Reddiar, A. K. T. K. M. Vasudevan Namboothiripad, Thomas Paul, M. J. Thomas|language=ml|location=Kottayam|publisher=Kairali Childrens Book Trust}}<br />
<br />
====Ballads and legends====<br />
* {{cite book|year=2003|editor1-last=Padmakumari|editor1-first=Prof. J.|editor2-last=Hussain|editor2-first=K.B.M|title=Valiyatampi Kuñcutampi Katha|trans-title=Big Brother Small Brother Story|script-title=ml:വലിയതമ്പി കുഞ്ചുതമ്പി കഥ|language=ml|location=Thiruvananthapuram|publisher=[[Kerala Bhasha Institute|State Institute of Languages]]}}<br />
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Padmakumari|editor1-first=Prof. J.|year=2009|title=Tekkan Pāṭṭukaḷ : Pāṭhavuṁ Paṭhanavuṁ|script-title=ml:തെക്കൻ പാട്ടുകൾ : പാഠവും പഠനവും|trans-title=Southern Ballads : Text and Study|language=ml|location=Thrissur|publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]}}<br />
* {{cite book|year=1982|editor1-last=Sarveswaran|editor1-first=Dr. P.|title=Ōṭṭaṉ Katai|trans-title=Runner Tale|script-title=ta:ஓட்டன் கதை|language=ta|location=Madurai|publisher=Mano Publishers}}<br />
* {{cite book|year=2001|editor1-last=Natarajan|editor1-first=T.|editor2-last=Sarveswaran|editor2-first=P.|title=Tampimār Katai|trans-title=Brothers Story|script-title=ta:தம்பிமார் கதை|language=ta|location=Madurai|publisher=[[Madurai Kamaraj University]]}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Gopalakrishnan|first1=Dr. Naduvattom|year=2008|chapter=പെരുങ്കടവിള ഈഴക്കുടി [Ezhava house at Perunkadavila]|title=Nāṭōṭi Caritrakkathakaḷ|trans-title=Folk historical stories|script-title=ml:നാടോടി ചരിത്രക്കഥകൾ|language=ml|location=Thiruvananthapuram|publisher=Malu Ben Publications}}<br />
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Pilla|editor1-first=P. Govinda|year=1917|title=Malayāḷattile Paḻaya Pāṭṭukaḷ|script-title=ml:മലയാളത്തിലെ പഴയ പാട്ടുകൾ|trans-title=Old songs in Malayalam |language=ml|location=Thiruvananthapuram|publisher=Vidyavilasa Prasideekaranashala}}<br />
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Gangadharan|editor1-first=Dr. Thikkurissi|year=2011|title=Iravikkuṭṭippiḷḷappōr Oru Pṭhanaṁ|script-title=ml:ഇരവിക്കുട്ടിപ്പിള്ളപ്പോര് ഒരു പഠനം|trans-title=Fight of Ravikutty Pillai : A study|language=ml|location=Thriruvananthapuram|publisher=Sahithya Kairali Publications}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Gangadharan|first1=Dr. Thikkurissi|year=2011|title=Vēṇāṭinṟe Kthāgānaṅṅaḷ|script-title=ml:വേണാടിന്റെ കഥാഗാനങ്ങൾ|trans-title=Ballads of Venad|language=ml|location=Thriruvananthapuram|publisher=Sahithya Kairali Publications}}<br />
* {{cite book|year=2008|last1=Thampi|first1=Dr. G. Thrivikraman|title=Tekkanpāṭṭukaḷuṁ Vāmoḻippāṭṭukaḷuṁ: Uḷḷorukkaṅṅaḷ Uḷpporuḷukaḷ|script-title=ml:തെക്കൻപാട്ടുകളും വാമൊഴിപ്പാട്ടുകളും: ഉള്ളൊരുക്കങ്ങൾ ഉൾപ്പൊരുളുകൾ|trans-title=Southern Ballads and Vernacular Songs: Inner equipments and inner meanings|language=ml|location=Thiruvananthapuram|publisher=Raja Raja Varma Basha Padana Kendram}}<br />
<br />
====Geography====<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Valath|first1=V. V. K.|author-link1=V. V. K. Valath|year=1998|title=Kēraḷattile Sthalacaritraṅṅaḷ : Tiruvaṉantapuraṁ Jilla|script-title=ml:കേരളത്തിലെ സ്ഥലചരിത്രങ്ങൾ : തിരുവനന്തപുരം ജില്ല|trans-title=Locality histories in Kerala : Thiruvananthapuram district|language=ml|location=Thrissur|publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]}}<br />
:* {{cite book|last1=Pilla|first1=Sooranad Kunjan|author-link1=Sooranad Kunjan Pillai|editor1-last=Valath|editor1-first=V. V. K.|editor-link1=V. V. K. Valath|year=1998|orig-year=1992|title=Kiḻakkē kōṭṭayuṁ paṭiññāṟē kōṭṭayuṁ|script-title=ml:കിഴക്കേ കോട്ടയും പടിഞ്ഞാറേ കോട്ടയും|trans-title=East fort and West fort|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Sasibhooshan|first1=Dr. M. G.|title=Peruntachchanṟe baliṣṭhaśilpaṅṅaḷ|script-title=ml:പെരുന്തച്ചന്റെ ബലിഷ്ഠശില്പങ്ങൾ|trans-title=Perunthachan's Strong Structures|language=ml|others={{harvtxt|CV Studies|2013}}}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Ajithkumar|first1=Dr. N.|title=Janakīyasaṁskāraṁ|script-title=ml:ജനകീയസംസ്കാരം|trans-title=Popular Culture|language=ml|others={{harvtxt|CV Studies|2013}}}}<br />
<br />
====Lyrical works====<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Ezhuthachan|first1=Thunchathu|author-link1=Thunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan|title=Śrīmahābhārataṁ Strīpaṟvvaṁ|script-title=ml:ശ്രീമഹാഭാരതം സ്ത്രീപർവ്വം|trans-title=Great Mahabharat – Lady Section|edition=Fourth|orig-year=1500{{ndash}}1699|year=1999|publisher=Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd|location=Kottayam|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Variyar|first1=Unnayi|author-link1=Unnayi Variyar|orig-year=1700{{ndash}}1750|year=2003|title=Naḷacaritaṁ (Onnāṁ Divasaṁ)|script-title=ml:നളചരിതം (ഒന്നാം ദിവസം)|trans-title=Nalacharitham (1{{sup|st}} day)|edition=Fourth |publisher=Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd|location=Kottayam|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Variyar|first1=Unnayi|author-link1=Unnayi Variyar|orig-year=1700{{ndash}}1750|year=2001|title=Naḷacaritaṁ (Raṇṭāṁ Divasaṁ)|script-title=ml:നളചരിതം (രണ്ടാം ദിവസം)|trans-title=Nalacharitham (2{{sup|nd}} day) |publisher=Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd|location=Kottayam|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Variyar|first1=Unnayi|author-link1=Unnayi Variyar|orig-year=1700{{ndash}}1750|year=2007|title=Naḷacaritaṁ (Mūnnāṁ Divasaṁ)|script-title=ml:നളചരിതം (മൂന്നാം ദിവസം)|trans-title=Nalacharitham (3{{sup|rd}} day)|publisher=Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd|location=Kottayam|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Variyar|first1=Unnayi|author-link1=Unnayi Variyar|orig-year=1700{{ndash}}1750|year=2003|title=Naḷacaritaṁ (Nālāṁ Divasaṁ)|script-title=ml:നളചരിതം (നാലാം ദിവസം)|trans-title=Nalacharitham (4{{sup|th}} day) |publisher=Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd|location=Kottayam|language=Malayalam}}<br />
<br />
====News====<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/marthanda-varma-1931/article4351969.ece|title=Metro Plus: Marthanda Varma 1931|first=B.|last=Vijayakumar|date=7 March 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram|access-date=12 April 2014}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/radio-and-tv/real-to-reel/article840809.ece|title=Metro Plus: Real to reel|first=George|last=Liza|date=22 October 2010|series=Television|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram|access-date=12 December 2015}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/a-classic-goes-on-stage-with-its-gist-intact/article4726808.ece|title=A classic goes on stage, with its gist intact|author=(Staff Reporter)|date=18 May 2013|series=National|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram|access-date=24 January 2014}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/%E2%80%98Marthanda-Varma%E2%80%99-to-be-staged-in-city-on-Sunday/2013/05/18/article1595244.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105072607/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/%E2%80%98Marthanda-Varma%E2%80%99-to-be-staged-in-city-on-Sunday/2013/05/18/article1595244.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 January 2015|title='Marthanda Varma' to be staged in city on Sunday|author=(Express News Service)|date=18 May 2013|publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram|access-date=24 January 2014}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.madhyamam.com/literature/node/258|title=Tiruvitāṁkūṟinṟe Caritrarēkhakaḷumāyi Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma Avatarippiccu|script-title=ml:തിരുവിതാംകൂറിന്റെ ചരിത്രരേഖകളുമായി മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ അവതരിപ്പിച്ചു|trans-title=''Marthanda Varma'' staged with historical notes of Travancore|author=Shameer|date=23 May 2013|work=literature|publisher=[[Madhyamam Daily|Madhyamam]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram|language=ml|access-date=28 January 2014}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article1416778.ece|title=Metro Plus: Anniversary celebrations|author=(Staff Reporter)|date=17 March 2008|series=Today's Paper|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram|access-date=15 December 2015}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article1434380.ece|title=Friday Review" In memory of a maestro|first=Manu|last=Remakant|date=30 May 2008|series=Today's Paper|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram|access-date=15 December 2015}}<br />
* {{cite web|last1=Sebastian|first1=Shevlin|date=5 September 2009|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article148616.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427022640/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article148616.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 April 2015|title=The write sttuff|work=Kochi|publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]|location=Kochi|access-date=27 April 2015}}<br />
* {{Cite news|last=Muthiah|first=S|date=13 August 2003|title=Metro Plus: Printers' ink on Mount Road|series=Stories|location=Chennai|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/08/13/stories/2003081300140300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115141216/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/08/13/stories/2003081300140300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 November 2017|access-date=15 December 2015}}<br />
* {{cite news|author=(Staff Reporter)|date=9 June 2012|title=Our archival heritage|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/our-archival-heritage/article3506937.ece|series=Metro Plus|location=Thiruvananthapuram|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=9 June 2012}}<br />
<br />
====Cinema study====<br />
* {{cite book|editor-last=Chabria|editor-first=Suresh|title=Light of Asia : INDIA SILENT CINEMA 1912-1934|edition=Expand.|orig-year=1994|year=2013|publisher=Niyogi Books|location=New Delhi|isbn=9789383098026}}<br />
<br />
====Theatre study====<br />
* {{cite book|last=Nair|first=Dr. N. Rajan|title=Si. Vi. nōvalukaḷ araṅṅattŭ|script-title=ml:സി. വി. നോവലുകൾ അരങ്ങത്ത്|trans-title=C. V. Novels on Stage|language=ml|others={{harvtxt|CV Studies|2013}}}}<br />
<br />
====Periodicals====<br />
* {{cite journal|last=Kodampuzha|first=T. H.|date=31 March 1996|title=Subhadrayuṭe Kumāran|script-title=ml:സുഭദ്രയുടെ കുമാരൻ|trans-title=Subhadra's Kumaran|journal=[[Chithrabhumi]]|location=Kozhikode|publisher=[[Mathrubhumi]] Publishing & Printing Company Ltd|language=ml|issue=1|volume=XV}}<br />
* {{cite journal|last=Kodampuzha|first=T. H.|date=12 May 1996|title=Rāmanāmaṭhatte Bhayappeṭuttiya Yakṣi|script-title=ml:രാമനാമഠത്തെ ഭയപ്പെടുത്തിയ യക്ഷി|trans-title=The Fairy who scared Ramana Madam|journal=[[Chithrabhumi]]|location=Kozhikode|publisher=[[Mathrubhumi]] Publishing & Printing Company Ltd|language=ml|issue=7|volume=XV}}<br />
* {{cite journal|last1=Gangadharan|first1=Dr. Thikkurissi|editor1-last=Madhusudanan|editor1-first=M. S.|editor2-last=Vellayani|editor2-first=Manju|title=Vēṇāṭṭile Yakṣikaḷ|script-title=ml:വേണാട്ടിലെ യക്ഷികൾ|trans-title=Fairies of Venad|journal=Kerala Kaumudi Weekily|language=ml|location=Thriruvananthapuram|publisher=[[Kerala Kaumudi]]|date=22 August 2012|volume=XVI|issue=34}}<br />
* {{cite journal|last=Malayilkada|first=Vinil|year=1998|title=Śuṣkamāya Bhāviyuṁ Selakṭīvāya Kāṇikaḷuṁ|trans-title=Dry future and selective viewers|script-title=ml:ശുഷ്കമായ ഭാവിയും സെലക്ടീവായ കാണികളും|journal=[[Chithrabhumi]]|volume=XVI|issue=42|location=Kozhikode|publisher=[[Mathrubhumi]] Publishing & Printing Company Ltd|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite journal|last=Mathew|first=Joshi|year=1998|title=Paricayasampannaṟ Vijayaṁ Koyyunnu|trans-title=Veterans harvest success|script-title=ml:പരിചയസമ്പന്നർ വിജയം കൊയ്യുന്നു|journal=Rashtra Deepika Cinema|issue=17|volume=III|location=Kottayam|publisher=Rashtra [[Deepika (newspaper)|Deepika]] Ltd.|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite journal|year=2002|editor1-last=Balakrishnan|editor1-first=K. |journal=Rashtra Deepika Cinema|title=channel page|language=ml|location=Kottayam|publisher=Rashtra [[Deepika (newspaper)|Deepika]] Ltd|volume=VIII|issue=26|quote=മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ [Marthandavarma]}}<br />
* {{cite journal|editor1-last=Gopalakrishnan|editor1-first=R.|last=Pillai|first=Rosscote Krishna|year=2013|title=My Dear Ayyappaji|journal=Malayalam Literary Survey|issue=12|location=Thrissur|publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]}}<br />
<br />
====Web====<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/malayalamcinemamore.htm|title=Introduction|publisher=[[Department of Information and Public Relations (Kerala)|Public Relations Development, Government of Kerala]]|work=Malayalam Cinema|location=Thiruvananthapuram|access-date=12 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412153224/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/malayalamcinemamore.htm|archive-date=12 April 2014}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.india-seminar.com/2009/598/598_bindu_menon_m.htm|title=Romancing history and historicizing romance|first=Bindu Menon|last=M|date=June 2009|work=Circuits of Cinema: a symposium on Indian cinema in the 1940s and '50s|publisher=Seminar: Web Edition|location=New Delhi|access-date=12 April 2014}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/ml/film|title=Calacitra caritraṁ|work=ചലച്ചിത്ര രംഗം [Movie Scene]|trans-title=Movie History|script-title=ml:ചലച്ചിത്ര ചരിത്രം|publisher=[[Thiruvananthapuram Corporation|Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram|language=ml|access-date=15 December 2015|archive-date=9 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609153156/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/ml/film|url-status=dead}}<br />
* {{cite web|title=Friday Review: The politics of a relationship|last=Jayakumar|first=G.|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 January 2006|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article3216934.ece|access-date=15 December 2015}}<br />
* {{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.the-laws.com/Encyclopedia/Browse/Case?CaseId=116791762000|title=Sahithya Pravarthaka Cooperative Society Ltd Vs. Kamalalaya Printing Works And Book Depot|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia|publisher=Regent Computronics Pvt. Ltd.|location=Ahmadabad|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421142139/http://www.the-laws.com/Encyclopedia/Browse/Case?CaseId=116791762000|archive-date=21 April 2015|access-date=21 April 2015}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.dcbooks.com/athijeevanam-by-ettumanoor-somadasan-released.html|title=Pṟācīna Kēraḷattinṟe Vipulacaritṟamāyi Oru Nōval|script-title=ml:പ്രാചീന കേരളത്തിന്റെ വിപുലചരിത്രമായി ഒരു നോവൽ|trans-title=A Novel with detail history of ancient Kerala|date=20 November 2013|work=Novel|publisher=[[D. C. Books]]|location=Kottayam|language=ml|access-date=28 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206055620/http://www.dcbooks.com/athijeevanam-by-ettumanoor-somadasan-released.html|archive-date=6 December 2013}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.puzha.com/puzha/cgi-bin/generate-article.cgi?channel=puzhakids&article_xml=kunjunni9.xml&gen_type=printer&work_type=serialize|title=Oriṭatt Oriṭatt Oru Kuññuṇṇi|script-title=ml:ഒരിടത്ത് ഒരിടത്ത് ഒരു കുഞ്ഞുണ്ണി|trans-title=At one place, At one place A Kunjunni|last=Pallippuram|first=Sippy|author-link=Sippy Pallippuram|year=2010|work=puzhakids|publisher=Puzha.com|location=Aluva|language=ml|access-date=27 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924083357/http://www.puzha.com/puzha/cgi-bin/generate-article.cgi?channel=puzhakids&article_xml=kunjunni9.xml&gen_type=printer&work_type=serialize|archive-date=24 September 2015}}<br />
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.pondiuni.edu.in/sites/default/files/downloads/ba_malayalam.pdf|year=2010|title=Detailed Syllabus For Ba.Malayalam – Core And Allied Scheme Of Question Papers|work=Minutes Of The Meeting Division Of Syllabus Detailed Syllabus For Foundation Course|publisher=[[Pondicherry University]]|location=Pondicherry|page=14|access-date=1 September 2015}}<br />
<br />
====Referral====<br />
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Balakrishnan|editor1-first=Dr. B. C.|editor2-last=Kartha|editor2-first=K. B.|editor3-last=Nair|editor3-first=Prof. Aliam Bhaskaran|editor4-last=Omana|editor4-first=Ms. P. V. |title=Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ|script-title=ml:സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം|trans-title=C. V. Exegetic Dictionary |volume=I|year=1994|publisher=C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation|location=Thiruvananthapuram|language=Malayalam}} <br />
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Balakrishnan|editor1-first=Dr. B. C.|editor2-last=Satheesh|editor2-first=Mrs. P. V. Omana |title=Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ|script-title=ml:സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം|trans-title=C. V. Exegetic Dictionary |volume=II|year=1997|publisher=C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation|location=Thiruvananthapuram|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Balakrishnan|editor1-first=Dr. B. C.|editor2-last=Satheesh|editor2-first=Mrs. P. V. Omana |title=Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ|script-title=ml:സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം|trans-title=C. V. Exegetic Dictionary |volume=III|year=2002|publisher=C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation|location=Thiruvananthapuram|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Balakrishnan|editor1-first=Dr. B. C.|editor2-last=Satheesh|editor2-first=Mrs. P. V. Omana |title=Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ|script-title=ml:സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം|trans-title=C. V. Exegetic Dictionary |volume=IV|year=2004|publisher=C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation|location=Thiruvananthapuram|language=Malayalam}}<br />
:* {{cite book|last1=Venugopalan|first1=Dr. P.|editor1-last=Balakrishnan|editor1-first=Dr. B. C.|editor2-last=Satheesh|editor2-first=Mrs. P. V. Omana |title=Anubandhaṁ 3 : Uddharaṇaṅṅaḷ, Ūpādānaṅṅaḷ|script-title=ml:അനുബന്ധം 3 : ഉദ്ധരണങ്ങൾ, ഉപാദാനങ്ങൾ|trans-title=Annexure 3 : Quotations, Appropriations|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Vasu|first1=Dr. A. C|year=2009|chapter=സംഖ്യാനാമം പ്രാചീന അളവുപട്ടിക [Numeric names, Ancient measurement table]|title=Enṟe Malayāḷaṁ|script-title=ml:എന്റെ മലയാളം|trans-title=My Malayalam|language=ml|location=Thrissur|publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Sumathi|first1=G. J.|title=Elements of Fashion and Apparel Design|year=2004|orig-year=2002|publisher=New Age International Publishers|location=New Delhi|chapter=Some Traditional Textiles of India}}<br />
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Wright|editor1-first=Arnold|editor2-last=Bond|editor2-first=J.W|editor3-last=Playne|editor3-first=Somerset|title=Southern India its history, people, commerce, and industrial resources|edition=AES Reprint|orig-year=1914{{ndash}}1915|year=2004|publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]]|location=New Delhi}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Aiyar|first1=V. Venkatarama|others=Madras Tercentenary Celebration Committee|title=The Madras Tercentenary commemoration volume|edition=AES Reprint|orig-year=1939|year=1994|publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]]|location=New Delhi|isbn=8120605373}}<br />
<br />
====Reports====<br />
* {{Cite report|last=Syamala|first=C. N.|date=1 July 2014|title=No.67(5)/RIACT/AI/DKT/3449|publisher=[[DD Malayalam|Doordarshan Kendra]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram}}<br />
* {{Cite report|last=Sanalkumaran|first=M.|date=8 June 2015|title=SIL/684/Mal/45/15|publisher=[[Madurai Kamaraj University]]|location=Madurai}}<br />
* {{Cite report|last=P|first=Sivappu|date=6 February 2015|title=KU/SPIO/RTI/2221-2230 (ii)|publisher=[[Kannur University]]|location=Kannur}}<br />
* {{Cite report|date=24 March 2015|title=CBCS/RTI/2015/196|publisher=[[University of Madras]]|location=Chennai}}<br />
* {{Cite report|date=4 February 2015|title=1049/RTI.2/2015/PR|publisher=[[University of Kerala]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram}}<br />
* {{Cite report|date=13 May 2015|title=AC AIII/1/41/2015|publisher=[[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala|Mahatma Gandhi University]]|location=Kottayam}}<br />
<br />
===Tertiary===<br />
<br />
====Early Novels====<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-editorialfeatures/tours-de-force-in-kozhikode/article2845940.ece|title=Tours de force in Kozhikode|last1=Anima|first1=P.|date=31 January 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Kozhikode|access-date=2 July 2014}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/seminar-in-memory-of-appu-nedungadi/article814059.ece|title=Seminar in memory of Appu Nedungadi|author=(Staff Reporter)|date=5 October 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Palakkad|access-date=13 January 2011}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Chandumenon|first=O|author-link=O. Chandumenon|title=Indulēkha|script-title=ml:ഇന്ദുലേഖ|trans-title=Indulekha|trans-chapter=Introduction of ''Indulekha'', second print|chapter=ഇന്ദുലേഖ രണ്ടാം അച്ചടിപ്പിന്റെ അവതാരിക|language=ml|year=1995|orig-year=1890|publisher=[[D. C. Books]]|location=Kottayam}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/article/industry/jobs/gujarats-last-rajput-king-karan-ghelo-a-kings-life/91058/|title=Gujarat's Last Rajput King Karan Ghelo: A king's life|last=Vohra|first=Anirudh|date=28 June 2015|series=Industry|publisher=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|location=New Delhi|access-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310110159/http://www.financialexpress.com/article/industry/jobs/gujarats-last-rajput-king-karan-ghelo-a-kings-life/91058/|archive-date=10 March 2016}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.caravanmagazine.in/vantage/fine-balance-nandshankar-karan-ghelo-downfall-gujarat-last-rajput-ruler|title=A Fine Balance: Nandshankar's ''Karan Ghelo'' and the Downfall of Gujarat's Last Rajput Ruler|last=Herzberger|first=Radhika|date=19 July 2015|series=Vantage|publisher=[[The Caravan]]|location=New Delhi|access-date=26 October 2015}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.bzu.edu.pk/jrlanguages/Vol-1%202001/Farida%20Yousaf-4.pdf|title=Scott and Sharar: A study of Common Aspects of Historical Themes|last1=Yousaf|first1=Farida|year=2001|work=Faculty of Languages & Islamic Studies|series=Journal of Research|publisher=[[Bahauddin Zakariya University]]|location=Multan|access-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029194015/http://bzu.edu.pk/jrlanguages/Vol-1%202001/Farida%20Yousaf-4.pdf|archive-date=29 October 2010}}<br />
* {{cite book|editor1-last=George|editor1-first=K. M.|editor1-link=K. M. George (writer)|title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and Poems|volume=I|year=1992|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788172013240}}<br />
:* {{cite book|last1=Murthy|first1=K. Narasimha|title=Modern Kannada Literature}}<br />
:* {{cite book|last1=Padmanabhan|first1=Neela|author1-link=Neela Padmanabhan|title=Modern Tamil Literature}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Mahapatra|first1=B. P.|last2=Padmanabha|first2=P.|last3=McConnell|first3=Grant D.|last4=Verma|first4=V. S.|title=Constitutional languages|series=The Written Languages of the World: A Survey of the Degree and Modes of Use. India|volume=II|year=1989|chapter=The Written Languages of India : Bengali|publisher=[[:fr:Les Presses de l'Université Laval|Les Presses de l']][[Université Laval]]|location=Québec|isbn=9782763771861}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Deo|first1=Shripad D.|editor1-last=Natarajan|editor1-first=Nalini|editor2-last=Nelson|editor2-first=Emmanuel Sampath|title=Handbook of Twentieth-Century Literatures of India|year=1996|chapter=Twentieth-Century Marathi Literature|publisher=[[Greenwood Press (publisher)|Greenwood Press]]|location=Westport, Connecticut|isbn=9780313287787}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Nayak|first1=J. K.|last2=Pati|first2=Madhusudana|title=The Historical Novel in Oriya|year=1982|chapter=Rise of the Historical Novel in Orissa, Evolution of the Historical Novel in Oriya Literature : ''Padmamali''|publisher=Shri Anant Misra, Cuttak Students' Store|location=Cuttak}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Samal|first1=J. K.|last2=Nayak|first2=P. K.|title=Makers of Modern Orissa|year=1996|chapter=Fakir Mohan Senapati|publisher=Abhinav Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788170173229}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Narasiṃha Rao|first1=V. V. Yal|title=Chilakamarti Lakshmi Narasimham|series=Makers of Indian literature|year=1993|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788172014995}}<br />
<br />
====Life style practices====<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.devisahayam.com/kavadi-prasnam.htm|title=Prasnam|publisher=PN Sreedharan Nampoothiri, Piraliyil Illam|work=Services|location=Kottayam|access-date=10 September 2015}}<br />
* {{cite web|last=Narayanan|first=K. S.|year=2010|url=http://www.starteller.com/mashinottam.html|title=Mashinottam, A unique Divinatory Path|publisher=Express Starteller|work=Articles on Astrology|location=Chennai|access-date=10 September 2015}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.namboothiri.com/articles/some-namboothiri-illams.htm#illam-1|title=Akavoor Mana|first=Dr Akavoor|last=[[Akavoor Narayanan|Narayanan]]|editor1-last=Bhattathiripad|editor1-first=P. Vinod|year=2005|work=Some Namboothiri Illams|publisher=Namboothiri Websites Trust|location=Calicut}}<br />
<br />
====Writing style====<br />
* {{cite book|last=Paul|first=M. P.|author-link=M. P. Paul|title=Sāhityavicāraṁ|script-title=ml:സാഹിത്യവിചാരം|trans-title=Literary thought|edition=First Lipi|year=2005|publisher=Lipi Publications|location=Kozhikode|language=ml|chapter=ഭാഷാഗദ്യശൈലി [Prose-style of language]}}<br />
<br />
===Quaternary===<br />
* {{cite book|last=Menon|first=A. Sreedhara|author-link=A. Sreedhara Menon|title=Cultural Heritage of Kerala|edition=First DCB|year=2008|orig-year=1978|publisher=[[D. C. Books]]|location=Kottayam|chapter=Language and literature|isbn=978-8126419036}}<br />
* {{cite thesis|last=Thilleri|first=Vasu|date=26 November 2013|title=Political journalism and national movement in Malabar|type=Ph.D.|chapter=The evolution of press in Kerala|publisher=[[University of Calicut]]|location=Malappuram}}<br />
* {{cite thesis|last=Sivadasan|first=V|date=4 September 2012|title=Agrarian problems and the role of media and literature in Kerala: with special reference to socio-economic transformation 1934-1971|type=Ph.D.|chapter=Agrarian question and mass media: The role of print media in the socio-economic transformation of Kerala (1934-1971)|publisher=[[Kannur University]]|location=Kannur}}<br />
* {{cite web|year=2012|title=Metro Plus: Our archival heritage|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/our-archival-heritage/article3506937.ece|series=Today's paper|location=Thiruvananthapuram|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=9 June 2012}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/01/27/stories/13271109.htm|title=Young World: Dance of the heroes|last1=Sasikumar|first1=Rani|date=27 January 2001|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram|access-date=17 January 2012}}{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07057-kerala-workshop.pdf|title=Report of the Workshop on "Problems of Unicode encoding of Malayalam" conducted at University of Kerala on January 24-25, 2007, organized by the International Centre for Kerala Studies|last1=Sam|first1=N.|year=2007|work=L2/07-057|publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]]|location=Mountain View, CA|access-date=21 October 2015}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=C|first1=Ravi D|title=Addhyāpakarōṭuṁ rakṣākaṟttākkaḷōṭumāyi raṇṭu vākkŭ|script-title=ml:അദ്ധ്യാപകരോടും രക്ഷാകർത്താക്കളോടുമായി രണ്ടു വാക്ക്|trans-title=Two words to teachers and guardians|year=2011|language=ml|others={{harv|Abridged edn.|2011}}}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Warrier|first1=N. V. Krishna|last2=P. Devadas|first2=K.|year=2012|orig-year=1973|chapter=ഒന്നാം പതിപ്പിന്റെ ആമുഖം [Preface of first edition]|title={{harv|Tiruvitāṁkūṟ Caritraṁ|2012}}|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Harikumar|first1={{small|Advocate}}. V.|year=2012|title=Āmukhaṁ|script-title=ml:ആമുഖം|trans-title=Preface|language=ml|others={{harv|Abridged edn.|2012}}}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Mukherjee|first1=Sujit|year=1999|chapter=G|title=A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850|volume=I|location=New Delhi|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|isbn=8125014535}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Varma|first1=Ezhumattoor Rajaraja|year=2011|title=Pi. Ke. Paramēśvaran Nāyaṟ|script-title=ml:പി. കെ. പരമേശ്വരൻനായർ|trans-title=P. K. Parameswaran Nair|location=Thiruvananthapuram|publisher=P. K. Parameswaran Nair Memorial Trust|isbn=9788124019139}}<br />
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Nair|editor1-first=Dr. P. V. Krishnan|year=2005|orig-year=1980|chapter=പ്രൊഫ. വി. ആനന്തക്കുട്ടൻ നായർ [Prof. V. Anandakkuttan Nair]|title=Kēraḷbhāṣāgānaṅṅaḷ|script-title=ml:കേരളഭാഷാഗാനങ്ങൾ|trans-title=Folk songs in Kerala|language=ml|volume=II|location=Thrissur|publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]}}<br />
* {{cite book|editor1-last=C|editor1-first=Ravi D|title=Propha. pi. rāmacandrannāyaṟ|script-title=ml:പ്രൊഫ. പി. രാമചന്ദ്രൻനായർ|trans-title=Prof. P. Ramachandran Nair|language=ml|others={{harv|Abridged edn.|2011}}}}<br />
* {{cite news|last1=(Express News Service)|title=Thumpamon Thomas Passes Away|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Thumpamon-Thomas-Passes-Away/2014/07/18/article2336031.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214075714/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Thumpamon-Thomas-Passes-Away/2014/07/18/article2336031.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 February 2015|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram|date=18 July 2014}}<br />
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Ramachandran|editor1-first=Dr. V.|title=Ḍō. vi. rāmacandran|script-title=ml:ഡോ. വി. രാമചന്ദ്രൻ|trans-title=Dr. V. Ramachandran|language=ml|others={{harv|Abridged edn.|2012}}}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Jayakumar|first1=K.|last2=Rajendran|first2=Vilakudi|editor1-last=Jayakrishnan|editor1-first=N.|year=2012|orig-year=1994|chapter=ആമുഖം [Preface]|title=Kēraḷattila Cuvaṟcitraṅṅaḷ|script-title=ml:കേരളത്തിലെ ചുവർചിത്രങ്ങൾ|trans-title=Murals in Kerala|language=ml|location=Thiruvananthapuram|publisher=[[Kerala Bhasha Institute|State Institute of Languages]]|isbn=9788176382786}}<br />
* {{cite book|year=2013|orig-year=2011|title=Caritṟaṁkuṟicca Śṟīpatmanābhasvāmi Kṣētraṁ|script-title=ml:ചരിത്രംകുറിച്ച ശ്രീപത്മനാഭസ്വാമി ക്ഷേത്രം|trans-title=Sree Padmanabhaswamy temple that marked the history|language=ml|publisher=[[D. C. Books]]|location=Kottayam|isbn=9788126433513}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.keralauniversity.ac.in/component/content/article/44-authorities/1088-deans-of-the-faculties.html|title=Deans of the Faculties|author=(Administrator)|date=4 September 2013|work=Authorities|publisher=[[University of Kerala]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram|access-date=21 October 2015}}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Pilla|first1=V. R. Parameswaran|year=2012|orig-year=1973|chapter=ഗ്രന്ഥകാരനെ പറ്റി [About the author]|title={{harv|Tiruvitāṁkūṟ Caritraṁ|2012}}|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite web|url =http://www.keralahistory.ac.in/tsm_1.htm|title=T.K. Velu Pillai, A biographical note|first=S.|last=Raimon|year=1996|work=The Travancore State Manual Vol -I|publisher=KCHR Publications}}<br />
* {{cite book|editor1-last=B|editor1-first=Kumari Vanaja N.|year=2005|title=Ḍō. ē.pi. ibṟāhiṁkuññŭ|trans-title=Dr. A.P. Ibrahim Kunju|script-title=ml:ഡോ. എ.പി. ഇബ്രാഹിംകുഞ്ഞ്|language=ml|others={{harv|Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma: Ādhunika Tiruvitāṁkūṟinṟe Udayaṁ|2005}}}}<br />
* {{cite book|title=Ḍō. pi.vi. vēlāyudhan p|script-title=ml:ഡോ. പി.വി. വേലായുധൻപിള്ള|trans-title=Dr. P. V. VelayudhanPillai|language=ml|others={{harv|Āṇuṅṅaḷillātta Koṟa Valyakoṟa|2000}}}}<br />
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Nair|editor1-first=P. V. Krishnan|year=2005|title=Ḍō. kalpaṯa bālakr̥ṣṇan|script-title=ml:ഡോ.കല്പറ്റ ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ|trans-title=Dr. Kalpatta Balakrishnan|language=ml|others={{harv|Caritranōval Malayāḷattil|2005}}}}<br />
<br />
==AV media==<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
* {{cite serial|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟma|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ|trans-title=Marthanda Varma|last1=Thambi|first1=N. Gopinathan|last2=Vellarada|first2=P. M. Mani|language=ml|network=[[Doordarshan]]|station=[[DD Malayalam|DD Thiruvananthapuram]]|date=15 January – 3 March 2003|minutes=30}}<br />
* {{cite serial|title=Vīramāṟttāṇḍavaṟmma|script-title=ml:വീരമാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ|trans-title=Veera Marthanda Varma|last1=Sharma|first1=Gautham|language=ml|network=[[Sun Network]]|station=[[Surya TV]]|number=1|date=19 July 2010 – 21 May 2011|minutes=30}}<br />
* {{cite serial|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ|trans-title=Marthanda Varma|last1=Venugopalan|first1=Dr. P.|language=ml|network=[[Doordarshan]]|station=[[DD Malayalam]]|date=27 March 2014|time=15:30}}<br />
:* {{cite serial|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ|trans-title=Marthanda Varma|series=Episodical re-telecast|language=ml|network=[[Doordarshan]]|station=[[DD Malayalam]]|date=30 March – 4 May 2014|minutes=30}}<br />
<br />
===Radio===<br />
* {{cite serial|title=Marthandavarma|last1=G.|first1=Gopalakrishnan|language=ml|network=[[All India Radio]]|station=Akashvani Thiruvananthapuram|date=17 July 1991 – 1 January 1992|minutes=30}}<br />
:* {{cite serial|title=Marthandavarma|language=ml|network=[[All India Radio]]|station=Akashvani Thiruvananthapuram|date=20 January – 8 February 2014|minutes=15|series=Episodical re-broadcast}}<br />
* {{cite serial|title=Subhadra|language=ml|last1=Nair|first1=K. V. Neelakandan|network=[[All India Radio]]|station=Akashvani Thiruvananthapuram|date=28 November – 12 December 2012|minutes=30}}<br />
<br />
===Movie===<br />
* {{cite AV media|author=P. V. Rao (Director)|date=12 May 1933|title=Marthanda Varma|medium=Silent Motion picture|location=Thiruvananthapuram|publisher=Shri Rajeshwari Films}}<br />
* {{cite AV media|author=Lenin Rajendran (Director)|author-link1=Lenin Rajendran|date=21 February 1997|title=Kulaṁ|script-title=ml:കുലം|trans-title=Clan|medium=Motion picture|language=ml|location=Thiruvananthapuram|publisher=Ambadi Pictures}}<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* {{cite book|author=(Various authors)|title=C.V. Raman Pillai Gaveshana Dharsakam|trans-title=C. V. Raman Pillai Research Spectroscope|series=Bibliographies|year=1989|publisher=University Library, [[University of Kerala]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram|language=ml|ref={{sfnref|CV Research Spectroscope|1989}}}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* {{cite book|author=Kumari Nirmala B.|title=Title Discourse analysis: as applied to Indulekha and Marthandavarma|year=1991|publisher=[[University of Kerala]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Chummar|first=T. M.|author-link=T. M. Chummar|year=1950|title=Si. Vi. yuṭe Ākhyāyikakaḷ|script-title=ml:സി. വി. യുടെ ആഖ്യായികകൾ|trans-title=C. V.'s Narratives|language=ml|publisher=National Book Stall|location=Kottayam}}<br />
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Pillai|editor1-first=Dr. P. V. Velayudhan|title=Si. Vi. yuṭe Sāhityalōkaṃ|script-title=ml:സി. വി. യുടെ സാഹിത്യലോകം|trans-title=C.V's literary world|year=1988|publisher=Prabhatham Printing and Publishing Co.|location=Thiruvananthapuram|language=Malayalam}}<br />
* {{cite thesis|last=Kuriakose|first=John|date=July 1997|title=Fictional and Narrative Modes in the Historical Romance: A Reference to Ivanhoe and Marthanda Varma|type=Ph.D.|publisher=[[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala|Mahatma Gandhi University]]|location=Kottayam}}<br />
* {{cite thesis|last=Pillai|first=S. Gopala Krishna|date=August 2004|title=Malayāḷa Nōvalile Kālpanika Ghaṭakaṅṅaḷ|trans-title=Romantic Elements in Malayalam Novels|script-title=ml:മലയാള നോവലിലെ കാല്പനിക ഘടകങ്ങൾ|language=ml|chapter=കാല്പനിക ഘടകങ്ങൾ സി.വി.യുടെ ചരിത്രനോവലുകളിൽ [Romantic Elements in C.V.'s Historical Novels]|type=Ph.D.|publisher=[[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala|Mahatma Gandhi University]]|location=Kottayam}}<br />
* {{cite thesis|last=D|first=Rejikumar|date=October 2008|title=Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmmayuṁ Aivānoyuṁ {{ndash}} Oru Tāratamyaṁ|trans-title=Marthandavarma and Ivanhoe {{ndash}} A Comparison|script-title=ml:മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മയും ഐവാന്നൊയും {{ndash}} ഒരു താരതമ്യം|language=ml|type=Ph.D.|publisher=[[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala|Mahatma Gandhi University]]|location=Kottayam}}<br />
* {{cite journal|date=June 1999|last=Kumar|first=Udaya |journal=Summerhill|title=The Frames of the Translator|series=Book Review|postscript=. Review of {{harv|English Translation|1998}}.|location=Shimla|publisher=[[Indian Institute of Advanced Study]]|volume=V|issue=1}}<br />
* {{cite journal|date=June 1999|last=Kuriakose|first=John|journal=SB Academic Review|title=The Clockwork of the Historical Romance: A Comparative Perspective on Ivanhoe and Marthanda Varma|location=Changanassery|publisher=St. Berchmans College|volume=XV|issue=1}}<br />
* {{cite thesis|last=R.|first=Jayachandran. V.|date=January 1992|title=Itivr̥tta Katāpātra Bandhaṁ Si Vi yuṭe Caritra Nōvalukaḷil|trans-title=Relation of plot and characters in the historical novels of C V Raman Pillai|script-title=ml:ഇതിവൃത്ത കഥാപാത്ര ബന്ധം സി വി യുടെ ചരിത്ര നോവലുകളിൽ|language=ml|type=Ph.D.|publisher=[[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala|Mahatma Gandhi University]]|location=Kottayam}}<br />
* {{cite thesis|last=M|first=Sainaba|date=December 2003|title=Biṁbakalpana Si.Vi Rāmanpiḷḷayuṭe Nōvalukaḷil|trans-title=Imagery in the novels of C V Raman Pillai|script-title=ml:ബിംബകല്പന സി.വി. രാമൻപിള്ളയുടെ നോവലുകളിൽ|language=ml|type=Ph.D.|publisher=[[University of Kerala]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram}}<br />
* {{cite thesis|last=Sreedevi|first=S.|date=June 1994|title=Si.Vi.rāmanpiḷḷayuṭe Caritrākhyāyikakaḷile Dvandvapātraṅṅaḷekkuṟiccuḷḷa Vimaṟśātmakapaṭhanaṁ|trans-title=A Critical Study of Dual Characters in C V Raman Pillai's Historical Romances|script-title=ml:സി.വി.രാമൻപിള്ളയുടെ ചരിത്രാഖ്യായികകളിലെ ദ്വന്ദ്വപാത്രങ്ങളെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള വിമർശാത്മകപഠനം|language=ml|type=Ph.D.|publisher=[[University of Kerala]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram}}<br />
* {{cite thesis|last=Kurup|first=C. Sreekanta|date=July 2003|title=Ākhyānasankētaṅṅaḷ: Si.Vi.yuṭe Caritranōvalukaḷil|trans-title=Narrative techniques in the historical novels of C V Raman Pillai|script-title=ml:ആഖ്യാനസങ്കേതങ്ങൾ: സി.വി.യുടെ ചരിത്രനോവലുകളിൽ|language=ml|type=Ph.D.|publisher=University Library, [[University of Kerala]]|location=Thiruvananthapuram}}<br />
<br />
{{DISPLAYTITLE:List of works related to ''Marthandavarma'' (novel)}}<br />
<br />
{{Marthandavarma (novel)}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Literature lists|Marthandavarma]]</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gandhi_Bazaar&diff=455308Gandhi Bazaar2024-11-30T01:02:45Z<p>Itssuvam: improve lead to improve readability and corrected details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Market area in Basavanagudi, Bangalore, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}<br />
[[File:Gandhi Bazaar Circle.jpg|thumb|Gandhi Bazaar Circle]]<br />
'''Gandhi Bazaar''' is a busy market area in [[Basavanagudi]], [[Bangalore]], known mainly for its flower and condiment [[Hawker (trade)|hawker]] shops.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ranganna|first1=Akhila|title=The grand old Gandhi Bazaar|url=http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/columns/sunday-read/the-grand-old-gandhi-bazaar/articleshow/57469865.cms|accessdate=8 August 2017|work=Bangalore Mirror|date=5 March 2017}}</ref> One of the oldest areas in the city, Gandhi Bazaar is said to be traditional and conservative. The area also houses many temples; fruit, vegetable and cloth stores; and restaurants, including the [[Vidyarthi Bhavan]] which was started in 1943.<ref name=hindu>{{cite news|last1=Ganesh|first1=Deepa|title=Their dose tastes of nostalgia|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Food/their-dose-tastes-of-nostalgia/article5544575.ece|accessdate=8 August 2017|work=The Hindu|date=6 January 2014}}</ref> The market typically functions from 6am to 9pm, with an increased crowd during festival periods for buying [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]] items.<ref>{{cite news|title=Basavanagudi: Interesting places to explore|url=http://www.mybangalore.com/article/0910/basavanagudi-interesting-places-to-explore.html|accessdate=8 August 2017|work=My Bangalore|date=29 September 2010|archive-date=8 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808233117/http://www.mybangalore.com/article/0910/basavanagudi-interesting-places-to-explore.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> DVG Road, which has some of the oldest business outlets in the city, runs through the centre of Gandhi Bazaar and is the commercial centre of Basavanagudi.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ram|first1=Theja|title=From Lavelle to Jayachamarajendra, ever wondered who Bengaluru's famous roads are named after?|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/lavelle-jayachamarajendra-ever-wondered-who-bengalurus-famous-roads-are-named-after-63247|accessdate=8 August 2017|work=The News Minute|date=6 June 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kannada writer [[Masti Venkatesha Iyengar]] was a resident of this locality.<ref name=hindu/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[VV Puram Food Street]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|12|56|45|N|77|34|15|E|type:city_region:IN|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Bazaars in India]]<br />
[[Category:Shopping districts and streets in India]]<br />
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Bengaluru]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Bangalore Urban-geo-stub}}</div>Itssuvamhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Man_Island_(Nicobar_Islands)&diff=515617Man Island (Nicobar Islands)2024-10-12T22:48:54Z<p>Itssuvam: put up data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Uninhabited island in Nicobar Islands}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox islands<br />
| name = Man Island<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_link = Nicobarese language<br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| sobriquet = Laouk<br />
| image_name = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| map = India Andaman and Nicobar Islands#Bay of Bengal<br />
| map_caption = Location in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] and in the [[Bay of Bengal]]<br />
| pushpin_label_position = left<br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_width = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|8.39|N|93.65|E|region:IN-AN_type:isle_dim:50000_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}<br />
| etymology = <br />
| location = [[Bay of Bengal]]<br />
| archipelago = [[Nicobar Islands]]<br />
| waterbody = [[Indian Ocean]]<br />
| total_islands = 1<br />
| major_islands = {{hlist|Man}}<br />
| area_km2 = 0.37<br />
| area_footnotes = <ref name="cit">{{cite web|url=http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf|title=Islandwise Area and Population - 2011 Census|publisher=Government of Andaman}}</ref><br />
| rank = <br />
| length_km = 1.3<br />
| width_km = 0.5<br />
| coastline_km = 3.9<br />
| elevation_m = 111<br />
| highest_mount = Man Rock<ref>[http://www.sea-seek.com/ebook/Andaman_sea.pdf Info]</ref><br />
| country = {{flag|India}}<br />
| country_admin_divisions_title = [[List of districts in India#Andaman and Nicobar (AN)|District]]<br />
| country_admin_divisions = [[Nicobar district|Nicobar]]<br />
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = [[Island group]]<br />
| country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Nicobar Islands]]<br />
| country_admin_divisions_title_2 = [[Subdivisions of India]]<br />
| country_admin_divisions_2 = [[Nancowry Subdivision]]<br />
| country_admin_divisions_title_3 = [[Tehsils of India|Taluk]]<br />
| country_admin_divisions_3 = [[Teressa (Nicobar Islands)|Teressa tehsil]]<br />
| population = 0<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_rank_max = <br />
| density_km2 = 0<br />
| density_rank =<br />
| density_footnotes = <br />
| ethnic_groups = [[Hindu]], [[Nicobarese People]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| timezone1_DST = <br />
| utc_offset1_DST = <br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] <br />
| postal_code = 744301<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = 03192<br />
| website = {{URL|http://www.and.nic.in/}}<br />
| iso_code_type = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|ISO code]]<br />
| iso_code = IN-AN-00<ref>Registration Plate Numbers added to ISO Code</ref><br />
|additional_info = {{Infobox|child=yes<br />
| label2 = Literacy | data2 = 84.4%<br />
| label3 = Avg. summer temperature| data3 ={{convert|32.0|°C|°F}}<br />
| label4 = Avg. winter temperature| data4 ={{convert|28.0|°C|°F}}<br />
| label5 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]| data5 =[[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]<br />
| label7 = Census Code| data7 = 35.638.0002.645033<br />
| label8 = Official Languages| data8 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] <br /> [[Car language|Car]] (regional)<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Man''' is an uninhabited island in the [[Nicobar district]] of [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[India]].<br />
<br />
==Administration==<br />
The island belongs to the [[Subdivisions of India|township]] of [[Nancowry Subdivision|Nancowry]] of [[Teressa (Nicobar Islands)|Teressa]] [[Tehsils of India|Taluk]].<ref>[http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf Tehsils]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Andaman%20Nicobar.pdf |title=Andaman and Nicobar Islands villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |accessdate=2015-07-25 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095346/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Andaman%20Nicobar.pdf |archivedate=2016-03-04 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
The island is a part of the [[Nicobar Islands]] chain, located in the northeast [[Indian Ocean]] between the [[Bay of Bengal]] and the [[Andaman Sea]]. <br />
It is located {{convert|4|km|abbr=on}} SSE of Cape Winifred of [[Tillangchong]] island.<br />
<br />
==Image gallery==<br />
<gallery widths=180><br />
File:Map of Nicobar Islands-en.png|Map<br />
File:Nicobar islands 1 Tillangchong.jpg|Photo Aerial. The large one in the centre is Tillangchong; Man is the small one below on the right.<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{Portal|India|Islands}}<br />
*{{wikivoyage-inline|Andaman and Nicobar Islands}}<br />
{{Nicobar district |state=collapsed}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Islands of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]<br />
[[Category:Nicobar district]]<br />
[[Category:Uninhabited islands of India]]<br />
[[Category:Islands of India]]<br />
[[Category:Islands of the Bay of Bengal]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{AndamanNicobar-geo-stub}}</div>Itssuvam