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Chief Minister of Puducherry

2026-05-08T07:07:44Z

IolaWatriama22: Started a info - done

{{Short description|Leader of the executive branch of the Government of Puducherry}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox official post
|post = [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister]]
|body = [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|native_name = {{lang|ta-Latn|Putuccēri Mutalamaiccar}}
|insignia = Emblem of the Government of Puducherry.png
|insigniacaption = [[Emblem of Puducherry]]
|flag = Flag of India.svg
|flagsize = 100px
|flagborder = yes
|flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
|image = N Rangaswamy.jpg
|incumbent = [[N. Rangaswamy]]
|incumbentsince = 7 May 2021
|style = {{plainlist|
*[[The Honourable]] (formal)
*[[Mr.]] [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister]] (informal)
}}
|type = [[Head of government]]
|abbreviation = CM
|member_of = *[[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
*Puducherry Council of Ministers
|reports_to = *[[Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry]]
*[[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
|appointer = [[Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry]]
|formation = {{start date and age|df=y|1963|07|01}}
|first = [[Edouard Goubert]]
|website = {{URL|https://www.py.gov.in/chief-minister|py.gov.in}}
}}
The '''chief minister of Puducherry''' is the [[head of government|chief executive]] of the [[India]]n [[union territory]] of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]. In accordance with the [[Constitution of India]], the [[lieutenant governor]] is a union territory's ''[[de jure]]'' head, but ''[[de facto]]'' executive authority rests with the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]]. Following elections to the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]], the [[Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry|lieutenant governor]] usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the [[Government of Puducherry|government]]. The lieutenant governor appoints the chief minister, whose [[Cabinet (government)|council of ministers]] are [[Cabinet collective responsibility|collectively responsible]] to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no [[term limit]]s.<ref>[[Durga Das Basu]]. ''Introduction to the Constitution of India''. 1960. 20th Edition, 2011 Reprint. pp. 241, 245. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur. {{ISBN|978-81-8038-559-9}}. Note: although the text talks about Indian union territory governments in general, it applies for the specific case of Puducherry as well.</ref>

Since 1963, [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] has had 10 [[Chief minister (India)|chief ministers]]. The [[List of longest-serving Indian chief ministers|longest-serving]] and current chief minister, [[N. Rangaswamy]] from the [[All India N.R. Congress]], held the office for over sixteen years in multiple tenures. The former [[governor of Kerala]] [[M. O. H. Farook]] has the second-longest tenure, and [[V. Vaithilingam]] from the [[Indian National Congress]] has the third-longest tenure.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/assembly-kerala/m-o-h-farook-an-astute-politician-568514|title=M O H Farook an astute politician|date=27 January 2012|publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=5 February 2012|archive-date=1 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601210423/https://www.ndtv.com/assembly-kerala/m-o-h-farook-an-astute-politician-568514|url-status=live}}</ref> The first holder [[Edouard Goubert]] from the Indian National Congress has the shortest tenure (only 1 year, 71 days).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/edouard-goubert-who-holds-a-fascination-for-francophiles-in-puducherry/article6263322.ece|title=Edouard Goubert who holds a fascination for Francophiles in Puducherry|date=30 July 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=1 August 2014|archive-date=2 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202083356/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/edouard-goubert-who-holds-a-fascination-for-francophiles-in-puducherry/article6263322.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> There have been seven instances of [[president's rule]] in Puducherry, most recently in 2021.

The [[List of current Indian chief ministers|current incumbent]] is [[N. Rangaswamy]] of the [[All India N.R. Congress]] since 7 May 2021.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/rangasamy-sworn-in-puducherry-cm/article34510067.ece|title=Rangasamy sworn in Puducherry CM|date=7 May 2021|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=10 May 2021|archive-date=26 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126171048/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/rangasamy-sworn-in-puducherry-cm/article34510067.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Predecessors ==
{{further|1st Pondicherry Representative Assembly|2nd Pondicherry Representative Assembly}}
The [[French India|French settlements in India]] were in a transition period between the ''[[de facto]] transfer day'' (i.e., 1 November 1954) and the ''[[de jure]] transfer day'' (i.e., 16 August 1962). In January 1955, the [[government of India]], by an order, renamed these four French settlements in India as the ''State of Pondicherry''. Both these transfer days are official holidays within the [[union territory]] of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/5302/Treaty+establishing+De+Jure+Cession+of+French+Establishments+in+India|title=Treaty establishing De Jure Cession of French Establishments in India|date=28 May 1956|work=[[National Informatics Centre]]|access-date=7 May 2021|archive-date=2 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102094459/https://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm%3Fdtl/5302/Treaty%2Bestablishing%2BDe%2BJure%2BCession%2Bof%2BFrench%2BEstablishments%2Bin%2BIndia|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/htarchives-140-year-french-rule-ends-pondicherry-merges-with-india-101730486133269.html|title=HT Archives: 140-year French rule ends, Pondicherry merges with India|date=2 November 2024|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=5 November 2024|archive-date=2 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102053316/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/htarchives-140-year-french-rule-ends-pondicherry-merges-with-india-101730486133269.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Chief Counselors of Pondicherry
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Portrait
!rowspan=2|Name {{small|(Birth–Death)}}
!colspan=3|Term in office
|-
!Assumed office
!Left office
!Time in office
|-
!1
|
|'''[[Maurice Pakkiriswamy Pillai]]''' (1906–1956)
|17 August 1955
|13 January 1956
|149 days
|-
!2
|
|'''[[Edouard Goubert]]''' (1894–1979)
|17 January 1956
|24 October 1958
|2 years, 280 days
|-
!–
|colspan=5|'''Vacant (25 October 1958 – 8 September 1959)'''
|-
!3
|[[File:V Venkatasubha Reddiar 2011 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[V. Venkatasubba Reddiar]]''' (1909–1982)
|9 September 1959
|30 June 1963
|3 years, 294 days
|}
;Enactment of the Government of Union Territories Act
On 10 May 1963, the [[government of India]] enacted the ''Government of Union Territories Act, 1963'', which came into force on 1 July 1963. It introduced the same pattern of government that prevailed in the rest of the country, but subject to certain limitations. Under Article 239 of the [[Indian Constitution]], the [[president of India]] appoints the [[List of lieutenant governors of Puducherry|lieutenant governor of Puducherry]] with such designation as he may specify to head the administration of the territory. The lieutenant governor appoints the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]]. The lieutenant governor, on the advice of the chief minister, appoints the council of ministers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-08/GovernmentUnionterritoriesAct1963_2%5B1%5D.pdf|title=THE GOVERNMENT OF UNION TERRITORIES ACT, 1963|date=10 May 1963|work=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]|access-date=11 May 2021|archive-date=3 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250503122504/https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-08/GovernmentUnionterritoriesAct1963_2[1].pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

Also, the [[Pondicherry Representative Assembly|representative assembly]] was converted into the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly of Pondicherry]] on 1 July 1963 as per Section 54(3) of the Union Territories Act, 1963, and its members were deemed to have been elected to the assembly. Thus, the [[1st Puducherry Assembly|first legislative assembly]] was formed without an election. [[Elections in Puducherry#Legislative Assembly elections|Elections]] for the assembly have been held since 1964.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/737434/|title=Section 54 in The Government Of Union Territories Act, 1963|work=[[Indian Kanoon]]|access-date=11 May 2021|archive-date=22 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822174459/http://indiankanoon.org/doc/737434/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Chief Ministers of Puducherry(1963-present)==
;Key
*{{note label|RES|RES|RES}} Resigned
*{{note label|DIS|DIS|DIS}} Dismissed by the [[President of India|Head of State]]
*{{note label|NC|NC|NC}} Resigned following a [[no-confidence motion]]
*{{note label|§|§|§}} Returned to office after a previous non-consecutive term
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Chief Ministers of Puducherry
!colspan=12|{{Party index link|AIADMK}} (1){{pad}}{{Party index link|All India N.R. Congress|AINRC}} (1){{pad}}{{Party index link|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK}} (3){{pad}}{{Party index link|Indian National Congress|INC}} (7)
|-
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Portrait
!rowspan=2|Name
{{nowrap|(Birth–Death)}}
!rowspan=2|Elected constituency
!colspan=3|Term of office{{efn|name=term|The ordinal number of the term being served by the person specified in the row in the corresponding period.}}
!rowspan=2|[[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|Assembly]] {{small|([[Elections in Puducherry|Election]])}}
!rowspan=2|Ministry
!rowspan=2|Appointed by
!rowspan=2 colspan=2|Political party{{efn|name=party|This column only names the chief minister's party. The union territory government he heads may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.}}
|-
!Assumed office
!Left office
!Time in office
|-
!1
|
|'''[[Edouard Goubert]]''' (1894–1979)
|[[Mannadipet Assembly constituency|Mannadipet]]
|1 July 1963
|10 September 1964
|1 year, 71 days
|[[1st Puducherry Assembly|1st]] {{small|([[1959 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election|1959]])}}
|[[1959 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election#Council of ministers of Goubert (1963-1964)|Goubert]]
|[[Surendra Kumar Datta|S. K. Datta]]
|rowspan=4|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan=4 {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|-
!2
|[[File:V Venkatasubha Reddiar 2011 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[V. Venkatasubba Reddiar]]''' (1909–1982)
|[[Nettapakkam Assembly constituency|Nettapakkam]]
|11 September 1964
|8 April 1967{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
|2 years, 209 days
|rowspan=3|[[2nd Puducherry Assembly|2nd]] {{small|([[1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1964]])}}
|Reddiar I
|rowspan=3|[[S. L. Silam]]
|-
!3
|[[File:M. O. H. Farook.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[M. O. H. Farook]]''' (1937–2012)
|[[Karaikal North Assembly constituency|Karaikal North]]
|9 April 1967
|5 March 1968{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
|331 days
|Farook I
|-
!(2)
|[[File:V Venkatasubha Reddiar 2011 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[V. Venkatasubba Reddiar]]''' (1909–1982)
|[[Nettapakkam Assembly constituency|Nettapakkam]]
|6 March 1968{{ref label|§|§|§}}
|18 September 1968{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
|196 days
|Reddiar II
|-
!–
|[[File:Emblem of India.svg|75px]]
|''Vacant'' ('''[[President's rule]]''')
|[[N/A]]
|18 September 1968
|16 March 1969
|179 days
|''Dissolved''
|[[N/A]]
|–
|[[N/A]]
|style="background:white;|
|-
!(3)
|[[File:M. O. H. Farook.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[M. O. H. Farook]]''' (1937–2012)
|[[Kalapet Assembly constituency|Kalapet]]
|17 March 1969{{ref label|§|§|§}}
|3 January 1974{{ref label|NC|NC|NC}}
|4 years, 292 days
|[[3rd Puducherry Assembly|3rd]] {{small|([[1969 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1969]])}}
|Farook II
|[[B. D. Jatti]]
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|{{party color cell|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
!–
|[[File:Emblem of India.svg|75px]]
|''Vacant'' ('''[[President's rule]]''')
|[[N/A]]
|3 January 1974
|5 March 1974
|61 days
|''Dissolved''
|[[N/A]]
|–
|[[N/A]]
|style="background:white;|
|-
!4
|
|'''[[S. Ramassamy]]''' (1939–2017)
|[[Karaikal South Assembly constituency|Karaikal South]]
|6 March 1974
|28 March 1974{{ref label|NC|NC|NC}}
|22 days
|4th {{small|([[1974 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1974]])}}
|Ramassamy I
|[[Chhedi Lal|Cheddi Lal]]
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|{{party color cell|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
!–
|[[File:Emblem of India.svg|75px]]
|''Vacant'' ('''[[President's rule]]''')
|[[N/A]]
|28 March 1974
|1 July 1977
|3 years, 95 days
|''Dissolved''
|[[N/A]]
|–
|[[N/A]]
|style="background:white;|
|-
!(4)
|
|'''[[S. Ramassamy]]''' (1939–2017)
|[[Karaikal South Assembly constituency|Karaikal South]]
|2 July 1977{{ref label|§|§|§}}
|12 November 1978{{ref label|DIS|DIS|DIS}}
|1 year, 133 days
|5th {{small|([[1977 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1977]])}}
|Ramassamy II
|[[Bidesh Tukaram Kulkarni|B. T. Kulkarni]]
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|{{party color cell|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
!–
|[[File:Emblem of India.svg|75px]]
|''Vacant'' ('''[[President's rule]]''')
|[[N/A]]
|12 November 1978
|15 January 1980
|1 year, 64 days
|''Dissolved''
|[[N/A]]
|–
|[[N/A]]
|style="background:white;|
|-
!5
|
|'''[[M. D. R. Ramachandran]]''' (1934–2024)
|[[Mannadipet Assembly constituency|Mannadipet]]
|16 January 1980
|24 June 1983{{ref label|DIS|DIS|DIS}}
|3 years, 159 days
|6th {{small|([[1980 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1980]])}}
|Ramachandran I
|[[Bidesh Tukaram Kulkarni|B. T. Kulkarni]]
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|{{party color cell|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
!–
|[[File:Emblem of India.svg|75px]]
|''Vacant'' ('''[[President's rule]]''')
|[[N/A]]
|24 June 1983
|16 March 1985
|1 year, 265 days
|''Dissolved''
|[[N/A]]
|–
|[[N/A]]
|style="background:white;|
|-
!(3)
|[[File:M. O. H. Farook.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[M. O. H. Farook]]''' (1937–2012)
|[[Lawspet Assembly constituency|Lawspet]]
|17 March 1985{{ref label|§|§|§}}
|7 March 1990
|4 years, 355 days
|7th {{small|([[1985 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1985]])}}
|Farook III
|T. P. Tewary
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|-
!(5)
|
|'''[[M. D. R. Ramachandran]]''' (1934–2024)
|[[Mannadipet Assembly constituency|Mannadipet]]
|8 March 1990{{ref label|§|§|§}}
|4 March 1991{{ref label|NC|NC|NC}}
|361 days
|8th {{small|([[1990 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1990]])}}
|Ramachandran II
|[[Chandrawati]]
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|{{party color cell|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
!–
|[[File:Emblem of India.svg|75px]]
|''Vacant'' ('''[[President's rule]]''')
|[[N/A]]
|4 March 1991
|3 July 1991
|121 days
|''Dissolved''
|[[N/A]]
|–
|[[N/A]]
|style="background:white;|
|-
!6
|[[File:V. Vaithilingam.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[V. Vaithilingam]]''' ({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1950)
|[[Nettapakkam Assembly constituency|Nettapakkam]]
|4 July 1991
|26 May 1996
|4 years, 327 days
|9th {{small|([[1991 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1991]])}}
|Vaithilingam I
|Harswarup Singh
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|-
!7
|[[File:R.V.Janakiraman2 (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|'''[[R. V. Janakiraman]]''' (1941–2019)
|[[Nellithope Assembly constituency|Nellithope]]
|27 May 1996
|21 March 2000{{ref label|NC|NC|NC}}
|3 years, 299 days
|rowspan=2|10th {{small|([[1996 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1996]])}}
|Janakiraman
|[[Rajendra Kumari Bajpai]]
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|{{party color cell|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
!rowspan=2|8
|rowspan=2|
|rowspan=2|'''[[P. Shanmugam (Pondicherry politician)|P. Shanmugam]]''' (1927–2013)
|rowspan=2|[[Yanam Assembly constituency|Yanam]]
|22 March 2000
|23 May 2001
|rowspan=2|1 year, 218 days
|Shanmugam I
|rowspan=3|[[Rajani Rai]]
|rowspan=5|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan=5 {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|24 May 2001
|26 October 2001{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
|rowspan=2|11th {{small|([[2001 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|2001]])}}
|Shanmugam II
|-
!rowspan=2|9
|rowspan=2|[[File:N Rangaswamy.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan=2|'''[[N. Rangaswamy]]''' ({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1950)
|rowspan=2|[[Thattanchavady Assembly constituency|Thattanchavady]]
|27 October 2001
|17 May 2006
|rowspan=2|6 years, 312 days
|Rangaswamy I
|-
|18 May 2006
|3 September 2008{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
|rowspan=2|12th {{small|([[2006 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|2006]])}}
|Rangaswamy II
|[[Madan Mohan Lakhera]]
|-
!(6)
|[[File:V. Vaithilingam.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[V. Vaithilingam]]''' ({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1950)
|[[Nettapakkam Assembly constituency|Nettapakkam]]
|4 September 2008{{ref label|§|§|§}}
|15 May 2011
|2 years, 253 days
|Vaithilingam II
|[[Govind Singh Gurjar]]
|-
!(9)
|[[File:N Rangaswamy.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[N. Rangaswamy]]''' ({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1950)
|[[Kadirkamam Assembly constituency|Kadirkamam]]
|16 May 2011{{ref label|§|§|§}}
|5 June 2016
|5 years, 20 days
|13th {{small|([[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2011]])}}
|Rangaswamy III
|[[Iqbal Singh (politician, born 1945)|Iqbal Singh]]
|[[All India N.R. Congress]]
|{{party color cell|All India N.R. Congress}}
|-
!10
|[[File:VNarayanasamy.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[V. Narayanasamy]]''' ({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1947)
|[[Nellithope Assembly constituency|Nellithope]]
|6 June 2016
|25 February 2021{{ref label|NC|NC|NC}}
|4 years, 264 days
|[[14th Puducherry Assembly|14th]] {{small|([[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2016]])}}
|[[Narayanasamy ministry|Narayanasamy]]
|[[Kiran Bedi]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|-
!–
|[[File:Emblem of India.svg|75px]]
|''Vacant'' ('''[[President's rule]]''')
|[[N/A]]
|25 February 2021
|6 May 2021
|70 days
|''Dissolved''
|[[N/A]]
|–
|[[N/A]]
|style="background:white;|
|-
!(9)
|[[File:N Rangaswamy.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[N. Rangaswamy]]''' ({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1950)
|[[Thattanchavady Assembly constituency|Thattanchavady]]
|7 May 2021{{ref label|§|§|§}}
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2021|05|07}}
|[[15th Puducherry Assembly|15th]] {{small|([[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2021]])}}
|[[Fourth Rangaswamy ministry|Rangaswamy IV]]
|[[Tamilisai Soundararajan]]
|[[All India N.R. Congress]]
|{{party color cell|All India N.R. Congress}}
|}

;Timeline
{{#tag:timeline|
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bar:Reddiar
from:11/09/1964 till:08/04/1967 color:inc
from:06/03/1968 till:18/09/1968 color:inc text:"[[V. Venkatasubba Reddiar]]" fontsize:10
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from:24/06/1983 till:16/03/1985 color:vacant
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from:04/09/2008 till:15/05/2011 color:inc text:"[[V. Vaithilingam]]" fontsize:10
bar:Janakiraman
from:27/05/1996 till:21/03/2000 color:dmk text:"[[R. V. Janakiraman]]" fontsize:10
bar:Shanmugam
from:22/03/2000 till:26/10/2001 color:inc text:"[[P. Shanmugam (Pondicherry politician)|P. Shanmugam]]" fontsize:10
bar:Rangaswamy
from:27/10/2001 till:03/09/2008 color:inc
from:16/05/2011 till:05/06/2016 color:ainrc
from:07/05/2021 till:end color:ainrc text:"[[N. Rangaswamy]]" fontsize:10
bar:Narayanasamy
from:06/06/2016 till:25/02/2021 color:inc text:"[[V. Narayanasamy]]" fontsize:10
}}

==Statistics==
;List of chief ministers by length of term
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Name
!rowspan=2 colspan=2|Party
!colspan=2|Length of term
|-
!Longest continuous duration
!Total duration of chief ministership
|-
!1
|'''[[N. Rangaswamy]]'''
|'''[[AINRC]]/[[Indian National Congress|INC]]'''
|style="background-color:#FDA209"|
|'''6 years, 312 days'''
|'''{{age in years and days|2009|06|09}}'''
|-
!2
|[[M. O. H. Farook]]
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]/[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
|style="background-color:#8C5C7D"|
|4 years, 355 days
|10 years, 248 days
|-
!3
|[[V. Vaithilingam]]
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|4 years, 327 days
|7 years, 215 days
|-
!4
|[[V. Narayanasamy]]
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|4 years, 264 days
|4 years, 264 days
|-
!5
|[[M. D. R. Ramachandran]]
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
|{{party color cell|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|3 years, 159 days
|4 years, 155 days
|-
!6
|[[R. V. Janakiraman]]
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
|{{party color cell|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|3 years, 299 days
|3 years, 299 days
|-
!7
|[[V. Venkatasubba Reddiar]]
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|2 years, 209 days
|3 years, 40 days
|-
!8
|[[S. Ramassamy]]
|[[AIADMK]]
|{{party color cell|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|1 year, 133 days
|1 year, 155 days
|-
!9
|[[P. Shanmugam (Pondicherry politician)|P. Shanmugam]]
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|1 year, 218 days
|1 year, 218 days
|-
!10
|[[Edouard Goubert]]
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|1 year, 71 days
|1 year, 71 days
|}

;List by party
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
|+Parties by total time-span of their member holding CMO ({{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}})
!No.
!Political party
!Number of chief ministers
!Total days of holding CMO
|-
!1
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|7
|{{formatnum:{{formatnum:{{#expr:{{age in days|1963|07|01|1968|09|18}}+{{age in days|1985|03|17|1990|03|07}}+{{age in days|1991|07|04|1996|05|26}}+{{age in days|2000|03|22|2011|05|15}}+{{age in days|2016|06|06|2021|02|25}}}}}}|R}} days
|-
!2
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|3
|4763 days
|-
!3
|'''[[All India N.R. Congress]]'''
|'''1'''
|'''{{formatnum:{{formatnum:{{#expr:{{age in days|2011|05|16|2016|06|05}}+{{age in days|2021|05|07}}}}}}|R}} days'''
|-
!4
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|1
|520 days
|}

;Parties by total duration (in days) of holding Chief Minister's Office
{{#invoke:Chart|bar chart
|float = center
|width = 800
|height = 300
|stack = 1
|group 1 = {{formatnum:{{formatnum:{{#expr:{{age in days|1963|07|01|1968|09|18}}+{{age in days|1985|03|17|1990|03|07}}+{{age in days|1991|07|04|1996|05|26}}+{{age in days|2000|03|22|2011|05|15}}+{{age in days|2016|06|06|2021|02|25}}}}}}|R}}:0:0:0
|group 2 = 0:4763:0:0
|group 3 = 0:0:{{formatnum:{{formatnum:{{#expr:{{age in days|2011|05|16|2016|06|05}}+{{age in days|2021|05|07}}}}}}|R}}:0
|group 4 = 0:0:0:520
|colors = #19AAED:#FF0D0D:#9FE2BF:#009933
|group names = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]:[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]:[[AINRC]]:[[AIADMK]]
|x legends = INC:DMK:AINRC:AIADMK
}}

==See also==
*[[History of Puducherry]]
*[[Elections in Puducherry]]
*[[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry]]
*[[List of current Indian chief ministers]]
*[[List of speakers of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
*[[List of leaders of the opposition in the Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://py.gov.in/chief-minister Official Website of the Office of the Chief Minister]

{{Chief ministers of Puducherry}}
{{Chief Ministers of Indian States}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Chief ministers of Puducherry]]
[[Category:Lists of chief ministers of Indian states]]
[[Category:Lists of political office-holders in India]]
[[Category:Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Puducherry-related lists]]

Syndicate Congress

2026-05-07T15:59:55Z

IolaWatriama22: created new info v1!

{{use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Indian National Congress (O)
| logo =
| colorcode = {{party color|Indian National Congress (Organization)}}
| leader = {{collapsible list|title='''Leaders'''|[[K. Kamaraj]]|[[Morarji Desai]]|[[S. Nijalingappa]]|[[C. M. Poonacha]]|[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]|[[Atulya Ghosh]]|[[S. K. Patil]]|[[Hitendra Kanaiyalal Desai]]|{{nowrap|[[Satyendra Narayan Sinha]]}}|[[Chandra Bhanu Gupta]]|[[Veerendra Patil]]|[[Ashoka Mehta]]|[[Tribhuvan Narain]]|[[Ram Subhag Singh]]|[[B. D. Sharma]]}}
| country = India
| abbreviation = INC(O)
| foundation = 1969
| ideology = {{Plainlist|
* [[Conservatism]]<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|title=The Roots and Varieties of Political Conservatism in India|journal=Studies in Indian Politics|volume=5|issue=2|publisher=Sage Journals|date=October 2017|pages=205–217|doi=10.1177/2321023017727968|s2cid=158365025|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2321023017727968|url-access=subscription|archive-date=12 January 2024|access-date=13 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112141337/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2321023017727968|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Anti-socialism]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Crisis and the Congress|url=https://openthemagazine.com/cover-stories/crisis-and-the-congress/|first=Sudeep|last=Paul|date=2020-08-28|access-date=2024-01-14|archive-date=13 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113185131/https://openthemagazine.com/cover-stories/crisis-and-the-congress/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Western Bloc|Pro-Western sentiment]]<ref>{{citation|last=Slee|first=John|title=India democracy on trial|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|pages=22|date=1970-05-19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tPljAAAAIBAJ&dq=%22Indian+National+Congress%22+R&pg=PA12&article_id=1756,8013460|access-date=2024-07-18|quote="The split was also an ideological clash between Mrs Gandhi's Leftist and predominantly pro-Soviet supporters and the conservative, pro-West old guard led by the party bosses"}}</ref>
}}
| split = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| merged = [[Janata Party]]
| position = [[Centre-right]]<ref>{{cite web|title=How Gujarat Congress embraced conservatism: The story of MK Gandhi, Indulal Yagnik and Sardar Patel|url=https://scroll.in/article/852975/how-gujarat-congress-embraced-conservatism-the-story-of-mk-gandhi-indulal-yagnik-and-sardar-patel|first=Christophe|last=Jaffrelot|date=2017-10-06|access-date=2024-01-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Nigam|first=Sk|title=THE INC (INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS) A PARTY OF IDEA AND CHANGES|publisher=Notion press|date=2024|isbn=979-8-89233-557-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q1oGEQAAQBAJ&dq=%22Indian+National+Congress%22+R+-wikipedia&pg=PT68|access-date=2024-07-18|quote="... the Congress(O) was right-of-centre."}}</ref> to [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The 1970s Indian Economy: A Period of Growing Strains and the Nation's Fight Against Poverty|url=https://m.thewire.in/article/history/indian-economy-1971-poverty-bank-nationalisation-indira-gandhi|first=Arun|last=Kumar|date=2021-03-10|access-date=2024-07-18|quote="The right-wing tried to control the party but Mrs Gandhi allied with the centre-left forces and fought back and the party split."|website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Mahendra Prasad|title=Split in a Predominant Party: The Indian National Congress in 1969|publisher=Abhinav publications|date=1981|pages=41|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOQRWuMXyRMC&q=info:VyX2kS8zrmAJ:scholar.google.com/|isbn=9788170171409|access-date=2024-07-18|quote="... as a result of the split from it of the right-wing Syndicate faction,..."}}</ref>
| national = [[Janata Morcha]]
| symbol = [[File:Charkha being plied by a woman.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert]]
| colours = {{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress (Organization)}}}} [[Turquoise (color)|Turquoise]]
| dissolved = 1977
}}
{{Conservatism in India|Parties}}
The '''Indian National Congress (Organisation)''' also known as '''Congress (O)''' or '''Syndicate'''/'''Old Congress''' was the rightist faction of [[Indian National Congress]] formed when the party split following the expulsion of [[Indira Gandhi]]. It was registered as a political party in 1969.

On 12 November 1969, the Prime Minister of India [[Indira Gandhi]] was expelled from the Congress party for violating party discipline. The party finally split with Indira Gandhi setting up a rival organisation ''Indian National Congress (Requisitionists)'', which came to be known as ''[[Indian National Congress (R)|Congress (R)]]'' or ''Indicate''. In the [[All India Congress Committee]], 446 of its 705 members walked over to Indira's Congress (R).<ref>Chandra, Bipan & others (2000). ''India after Independence 1947-2000'', New Delhi:Penguin Books, {{ISBN|0-14-027825-7}}, p.236</ref> [[K Kamaraj]] and later [[Morarji Desai]] were the leaders of the INC(O).

INC(O) led governments in [[Bihar]] under [[Bhola Paswan Shastri]], [[Karnataka]] under [[Veerendra Patil]], and in [[Gujarat]] under [[Hitendra K Desai]]. It was also a part of the [[Janata Morcha]] that ruled Gujarat under [[Babubhai J. Patel]] from 1975–1976 during [[The Emergency (India)|the emergency era]].

The split can in some ways be seen as a [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]]/[[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] division. Indira wanted to use a [[Populism|populist]] agenda in order to mobilise popular support for the party. The regional party elites, who formed the INC(O), stood for a more right-wing agenda, and distrusted [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|Soviet]] help.<ref>{{cite book|last=Srivastava|first=Aaku|title=Sensex of Regional Parties|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan Pvt. Limited|date=2022|isbn=978-93-5521-236-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OEeHEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Naga+People%27s+Front%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT231|access-date=2024-07-21}}</ref>

In the [[1971 Indian general election|1971 general election]], the Indian National Congress (O) won about 10% of the vote and 16 [[Lok Sabha]] seats, against 44% of the vote and 352 seats for Indira's Indian National Congress (R).<ref>{{cite book|last=Nigam|first=Sk|title=THE INC (INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS) A PARTY OF IDEA AND CHANGES|publisher=Notion press|date=2024|isbn=979-8-89233-557-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q1oGEQAAQBAJ&dq=%22Indian+National+Congress%22+R+-wikipedia&pg=PT68|access-date=2024-07-18}}</ref> In March 1977, the INC(O) fought the [[1977 Indian general election|post-Emergency election]] under the banner of [[Janata Party]].

The Janata Party alliance inflicted a crushing defeat on Indira's Congress Party. Nevertheless, the total vote share of Congress (O) in 1977 was almost halved from 1971 and they lost three seats. Later the same year, INC(O) formally merged with the [[Bharatiya Lok Dal]], [[Bharatiya Jan Sangh]], [[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party of India]], [[Swatantra Party]] and others to form the [[Janata Party]]. Congress (O)'s leader [[Morarji Desai]] served as the [[List of Prime Ministers of India|fourth]] [[Prime Minister of India]] from 1977 to 1979 in India's first non-Congress government.<ref name="UK">{{cite web|title=OBITUARY: Morarji Desai|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-morarji-desai-1615165.html|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|first=Kuldip|last=Singh|date=1995-04-11|access-date=2009-06-27|archive-date=3 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103104550/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-morarji-desai-1615165.html|url-status=live}}</ref> But this government could not run for 5 years and fell in 1979. Fresh Elections were called in 1980 and Indira's Indian National congress (R) swept the country and defeated the Janata party.

== Leaders ==

* [[Morarji Desai]]
* [[S. K. Patil]]
* [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
* [[S. Nijalingappa]]
* [[K. Kamaraj]]
* [[Hitendra K Desai]]
* [[Veerendra Patil]]
* [[C. M. Poonacha]]
* [[Atulya Ghosh]]
* [[Satyendra Narayan Sinha]]
* [[Chandra Bhanu Gupta]]
* [[P. M. Nadagouda]]
* [[Ashoka Mehta]]
* [[Tribhuvan Narain Singh]]
* [[Ram Subhag Singh]]
* [[B. D. Sharma]]
* Asima Sarkar
* Md. Samik Dasgupta

== See also ==

*[[Indian National Congress breakaway parties]]
*[[Indian National Congress]]
*[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
*[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
*[[Aam Aadmi Party]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian Emergency}}

[[Category:Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in India]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1969]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1977]]
[[Category:Conservative parties in India]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress (Organisation)| ]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress breakaway groups]]

Executive Instruments of the Government of India

2026-05-05T18:58:59Z

IolaWatriama22: Started new article - done

{{orphan|date=May 2026}}
{{Short description|This is an article on the executive instruments used by government of India}}
In the Republic of India, Executive Instruments refer to the various tools, orders, rules, and directives issued by the executive branch of the government (comprising the President, the Prime Minister, the Union Cabinet, and various Ministries and Departments) to administer the state, implement laws, and manage public policy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=LawTeacher |date= |title=Extent of Executive Powers in Indian Constitution |url=https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/constitutional-law/extent-of-executive-powers-in-indian-constitution-constitutional-law-essay.php |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=LawTeacher.net |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |title=NCERT |year=1954 |chapter=Executive}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-01-05 |title=Union Executive, Meaning, Composition, Powers, Roles, Limitations |url=https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-exam/union-executive/ |access-date=2026-04-02 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
[[File:Gazette notification by Govt. of India.jpg|thumb|An example of Gazette Notification]]
Because India operates under a parliamentary system, the primary law-making power rests with the Parliament of India. However, due to the volume and technical complexity of modern governance, Parliament frequently delegates authority to the executive branch to formulate detailed rules and operational procedures. These instruments range from temporary primary legislation (Ordinances) to day-to-day administrative guidelines (Office Memorandums).<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Delegated Legislation{{!}} Delegated Legislation in Administrative Law UPSC CSE |url=https://chahalacademy.com/delegated-legislation |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=chahalacademy.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=National Informatics |title=Digital Sansad |url=https://sansad.in/ls |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=Digital Sansad |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Delegated Legislation in India, History, Features & Criticism |url=https://testbook.com/ias-preparation/delegated-legislation |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=Testbook |language=en}}</ref>

== Constitutional Basis ==
The authority of executive to issue these instruments of executive control are derived from the constitution of India

Article 73 of the constitution defines the extent of executive power of the Union government. Article 77 of the constitution mandates that every executive action taken by the Union government should be expressed in the name of the President of India. Article 123 grants the president the legislative power to promulgate Ordinances when Parliament is not in session, Ordinances carry same force as the law of parliament. Article 245 & 246 gives the parliament power to delegate subordinate rule-making authority to the executive.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Read |url=https://www.constitutionofindia.net/read/ |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=Constitution of India |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Ordinances ==
{{Further|Ordinance (India)}}
'''Ordinances''' are laws that are [[Promulgation|promulgated]] by the [[President of India]] on the recommendation of the [[Union Cabinet]], which will have the same effect as an [[Act of Parliament#India|Act of Parliament]]. They can only be issued when [[Parliament of India|Parliament]] is not in session. They enable the [[Government of India|Indian government]] to take immediate legislative action. Ordinances cease to operate either if Parliament does not approve of them within six weeks of reassembly, or if both Houses pass disapproving resolutions. It is also compulsory for a session of Parliament to be held within six months. Ordinances can only be issued on subjects over which the Indian Parliament has the power to legislate (the Union List and Concurrent List).

== Rules ==
Rules are type of delegated legislation, delegated by the Parliament of India to the Executive branch. They are the detailed, practical directives drafted by the executive branch to operationalize and enforce a law passed by Parliament.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Rai |first=Diva |date=2019-06-14 |title=Delegated Legislation and its Control - iPleaders Blog |url=https://blog.ipleaders.in/delegated-legislation/ |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=iPleaders |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dahiya |first=Shruti |title=DELEGATED LEGISLATION |url=https://mau.ac.in/LMS/MASOL/Admin%20Law%201%20PPT.pdf}}</ref>

=== Purpose ===
Indian Parliament passes a dozens of law every year, covering a broad range of topics. Parliament has neither the time, the technical expertise, nor the foresight to codify every administrative form, fee structure, or daily operational procedure into the primary Act. Therefore, Parliament includes a specific "delegation clause" (often toward the end of an Act) that empowers the Central or State Government to "make rules to carry out the provisions of this Act."<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" />

=== Process ===

# '''The Enabling Provision:''' The process begins with "Parent Act" (the primary law passed by parliament), which must explicitly grant the executive the power to make Rules.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Gazette Notifications {{!}} e-Library |url=https://www.simpliance.in/India/FCC/govt_notification |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=www.simpliance.in}}</ref>
# '''Drafting:''' The relevant executive Ministry or department drafts the Rules based on the technical requirements of the Act.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Procedure For Drafting Laws |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1812042&reg=3&lang=2}}</ref>
# '''Public Consultation:''' In many modern legislations, the government publishes "Draft Rules" to solicit feedback, objections, and suggestions from stakeholders, industry experts, and the general public for a specified period.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rules as a Supplement to Enabling Act |url=https://supremetoday.ai/issue/rules-supplements-enabling-act}}</ref>
# '''Finalization and Law Ministry Approval:''' The department incorporates relevant feedback and sends the final draft to the Ministry of Law and Justice for legal vetting to ensure it aligns with the Parent Act and the Constitution.<ref name=":6" />
# '''Gazette Notification:''' For the Rules to acquire the force of law, they must be published in the ''Official Gazette of India'' (or the respective State Gazette for state rules). Until they are notified in the Gazette, they are not legally binding on the public.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-09-29 |title=What is Gazette Notification? Meaning & Name Change Process |url=https://vakilindia.in/what-is-gazette-notification-and-what-is-its-use/ |access-date=2026-04-02 |language=en-US}}</ref>
# '''Laying Before Parliament:''' To maintain democratic oversight, almost all Parent Acts require that the newly notified Rules be placed (or "laid") before both Houses of Parliament. Parliament has the right to debate, modify, or annul the Rules, typically within a window of 30 session days.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Section 38: Rules to be laid before Parliament |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_12_13_00023_194023_1523353460112&orderno=90}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Legislation |url=https://www.legislative.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/09/686ac48c72bba20a0e8e650f6f48598c.pdf}}</ref>

=== Legal Status ===
Rules have the full force of statutory law. Breaking a Rule carries the same legal weight and penalties as breaking the Act itself. However, because they are created by the executive and not directly voted on by elected representatives, they are subject to strict limitations under the doctrine of Ultra Vires.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Content |date=2024-07-25 |title=Judicial Control of Delegated Legislation in India |url=https://www.defactolaw.in/post/judicial-control-of-delegated-legislation-in-india |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=De Facto Law |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=JUDICIAL CONTROL: DOCTRINE OF ULTRA VIRES IN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW by Pratiksha Gautam & Sakshi Nathani – JOURNAL FOR LAW STUDENTS AND RESEARCHERS |url=https://www.jlsrjournal.in/judicial-control-doctrine-of-ultra-vires-in-administrative-law-by-pratiksha-gautam-sakshi-nathani/ |access-date=2026-04-02 |language=en-US}}</ref>

A Rule can be struck down by the High Courts or the Supreme Court of India under three main conditions

* If a Rule violates any Fundamental Right or a provision of Constitution of India<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" />
* The Rule goes beyond the scope of power granted by the Parent Act, contradicts the Parent Act, or attempts to introduce a new policy or tax that Parliament did not authorize<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" />

* The executive failed to follow the mandatory procedures required to make the rule, such as failing to publish it in the official Gazette or failing to conduct a legally mandated public consultation.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" />

== Regulations ==
Regulations are a specific form of delegated legislation that possess the same binding legal authority as Rules, but differ in their origin and scope. While "Rules" are typically drafted directly by government Ministries or Departments, "Regulations" are drafted and issued by specialized, independent statutory bodies, regulatory agencies, or commissions.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Nisha |date=2023-11-20 |title=Difference between Acts, Rules, Regulations {{!}}ForumIAS |url=https://forumias.com/blog/difference-between-acts-rules-regulations/ |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=Free UPSC IAS Preparation Syllabus and Materials For Aspirants |language=en-US}}</ref>

The Indian Parliament creates these regulatory bodies to oversee highly technical, complex, or rapidly evolving sectors of the economy and public life, delegating to them the power to create the granular laws necessary to govern their respective domains.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":13" />

=== Purpose ===
The traditional government departments lacked the agility and specialized expertise to micromanage highly technical sectors like telecom, aviation, capital markets, and banking which were growing progressively due to the Economic Reforms.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":13" />

By creating independent regulators and empowering them to issue Regulations, Parliament achieves three goals:

* Regulations are drafted by domain experts (e.g., bankers, economists, telecom engineers) rather than generalist bureaucrats or politicians.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":13" />
* Regulatory bodies can monitor market dynamics and issue or amend Regulations much faster than Parliament can amend an Act or a Ministry can overhaul a Rule.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":13" />
* It provides a degree of separation between political government administration and the day-to-day policing of economic sectors.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":13" />

=== Process ===
The regulatory body must be explicitly granted the power to make regulations by its founding "Parent Act". The regulator drafts the proposed regulations and is usually legally mandated to publish a "Consultation Paper." This paper explains the rationale behind the proposed law and invites public comments, industry feedback, and expert analysis. The finalized draft, incorporating feedback, is voted upon by the governing board or council of the regulatory agency. Just like Rules, Regulations must be published in the ''Official Gazette of India'' to attain legal enforceability. The notified Regulations are sent to Parliament and placed before both Houses. Parliament retains the ultimate authority to review, modify, or annul them.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":10" />

=== Legal Status ===
Regulations are legally binding on all entities operating within the regulator's jurisdiction. Non-compliance can result in severe financial penalties, cancellation of business licenses, or civil action initiated by the regulator.

Like all delegated legislation, Regulations are subject to Judicial Review and can be struck down as ''Ultra Vires'' (beyond the powers) by the High Courts or the Supreme Court if they either Violate the Constitution of India, or Exceed the mandate given to the regulator by Parliament, or Are found to be "manifestly arbitrary" or unreasonably restrict the fundamental right to carry on a trade or business (Article 19(1)(g)).<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" />

== Bye-laws ==
Bye-laws represent the decentralized and localized form of rule-making. While Rules are made by the government and Regulations are made by statutory bodies, Bye-laws are drafted by local authorities, municipal bodies, statutory corporations, or registered societies to govern their own internal operations or regulate the specific geographical area under their jurisdiction. <ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-15 |title=All You Need to Know About Building Bye Laws in India |url=https://www.nobroker.in/blog/building-bye-laws/ |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=The NoBroker Times |language=en}}</ref>

=== Purpose ===
Bye-laws exist to handle localized administrative nuances that require intimate knowledge of a specific community, institution, or geography. They serve three primary functions:

* Regulating day-to-day civic life in urban and rural areas<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" />
* Dictating the internal administration of statutory bodies, public universities, or government-owned corporations.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" />
* Governing the mutual rights and obligations of members within cooperative societies or trade unions.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" />

=== Process ===
A local body can only make bye-laws if a Parent Act explicitly grants it the power to do so. The elected council of the municipality, or the managing committee of the institution, drafts the proposed bye-laws and passes them via a formal resolution. For civic bye-laws, the local authority is usually required to publish the draft locally (e.g., in local newspapers) and invite objections from the residents. To prevent local bodies from acting as independent republics, most Parent Acts require that passed bye-laws be sent to the State Government (or Central Government, depending on the body) for confirmation and approval. Once confirmed by the higher government, they are published in the Official Gazette and gain the force of law.<ref name=":6" />

=== Legal status ===
Bye-laws are legally binding within the specific geographical or institutional jurisdiction of the authority that made them. Violating a civic bye-law typically results in administrative fines or penalties.

Like all delegated legislation, bye-laws are subject to the doctrine of Ultra Vires. A High Court or the Supreme Court can strike down a bye-law.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" />

== Gazette Notifications ==
Gazette Notification is the mandatory legal mechanism through which laws, rules, and major executive actions are brought into public force'''.''' ''The Gazette of India'' (or the respective State Gazette) is the official public journal and authorized legal document of the Government of India. It is published by the Department of Publication under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs and printed by the Government of India Press.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":9" /><ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=STATE AND CENTRAL GOVERNMENT GAZETTE {{!}} CHANGEOFNAMEADS-190/- |url=https://www.changeofnameads.com/state-and-central-government-gazette/ |access-date=2026-04-02 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Purpose ===
The necessity of the Gazette is rooted in a fundamental principle of natural justice and jurisprudence: ''Ignorantia juris non excusat'' (ignorance of the law is no excuse).

For the state to hold a citizen accountable to a law, the state must officially inform the public that the law exists. A law passed by Parliament, a Rule drafted by a Ministry, or a Regulation framed by a statutory body cannot legally bind the public until it is published in the Official Gazette. An internal government memo or a press release holds no legal weight in court; only a Gazette Notification represents the finalized, actionable will of the State. Under Section 81 of the ''Indian Evidence Act, 1872'', Indian courts are bound to presume that any document published in the Official Gazette is genuine, meaning it serves as absolute proof of an executive action.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":14" /><ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://egazette.gov.in/(S(duetqlxop2binzfdxn2r0xam))/Aboutus.aspx}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Section 81 in The Indian Evidence Act, 1872 |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/492182/}}</ref>

=== Category ===
Gazette is divided into two categories

* ''Gazette Ordinary:'' are published periodically and contain routine government business.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |title=Gazette of India |url=https://egazette.gov.in/(S(fbbzkhfffkfmtxfv0s1isdoz))/default.aspx}}</ref>
* ''Gazette Extraordinary:'' published every day (and sometimes multiple times a day) to notify urgent matters, such as the immediate enforcement of a new law or an Ordinance.<ref name=":16" />

=== Process ===

# '''Drafting and Vetting:''' The sponsoring Ministry drafts the Rule or Order. It is then vetted by the Ministry of Law and Justice to ensure constitutional and legal validity.<ref name=":8" />
# '''Authentication:''' An authorized officer of the Ministry formally signs the document "By order and in the name of the President of India." as mandated under Authentication (Order and other Instrument) Rules, 2002.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |title=Authentication order, 2002 |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-08/AuthenticationOrder2002%5B1%5D.pdf}}</ref>
# '''Submission to Press:''' The finalized, signed document is sent to the Government of India Press with a specific request to publish it in the appropriate Part and Section of the Gazette.<ref name=":16" />

=== Uses ===
Gazette notifications are used for a wide spectrum of executive actions, ranging from massive structural changes to routine administrative technicalities<ref name=":15" />

Gazette is used to bring acts into force. Parliament often passes an Act but leaves the start date up to the executive. Altering the boundaries of a state, creating a new district, or officially declaring a specific forest area as a "National Park" or "Wildlife Sanctuary" requires a Gazette notification. The official appointment of Constitutional functionaries, such as the Chief Justice of India, Judges of the High Courts, the Chief Election Commissioner, or the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) must be published in the Gazette. Under the Land Acquisition laws, the government must issue a Gazette notification declaring its intention to acquire a specific parcel of private land for a public project before it can legally take possession.<ref name=":15" />

=== Digitization ===
Historically, these were massive physical volumes. However, in 2015, the Government of India ceased the physical printing of the Gazette. Today, all notifications are uploaded to the digital e-Gazette portal. Under the ''Information Technology Act, 2000'', the digitally signed e-Gazette holds the exact same legal validity as the traditional printed version.<ref name=":16" />

== Government Orders (GOs) ==
Government Orders (commonly referred to as GOs) are the most frequently used instruments for day-to-day executive governance, policy implementation, and administrative management. While Ordinances, Rules, and Regulations represent the ''law-making'' power of the executive, a Government Order represents the pure ''executive and administrative action'' of the state.

GOs are extensively used at both the Union (Central) level and the State level, though they are particularly central to the functioning of State Secretariats, where almost every significant bureaucratic action is executed via a GO.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" />

=== Constitutional Basis ===
Article 73 states that the executive power of the Union extends to all matters on which Parliament can make laws. Article 77 mandates that all executive actions of the Government of India must be expressed to be taken in the name of the President.<ref name=":5" />

Similarly, Article 162 links state executive power to state legislative power, and Article 166 mandates that all executive actions of a State Government must be taken in the name of the Governor.<ref name=":5" />

Therefore, when a Secretary to the Government signs a GO, they are legally acting "By order and in the name of the President" (or Governor), exercising the state's executive power as mandated under Authentication (Order and other Instrument) Rules, 2002.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":17" />

=== Purpose ===
GOs are used for policy implementation like launching a new welfare scheme, defining its eligibility criteria, and outlining how it will be administered. They can also be used for financial sanctions such as approving the release of funds from the treasury for a specific public project. They are also used for the purpose of personnel management issuing orders for the transfer, promotion, or suspension of government employees and civil servants. They are also used to carry out administrative directives such as declaring public holidays, creating new administrative departments, or setting up ad-hoc investigative committees.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

=== Categorization of GOs (State Level) ===
In many Indian states (particularly in Southern states like Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala), Government Orders are highly classified based on their permanence, financial impact, and routing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GO |url=https://goir.telangana.gov.in/}}</ref> The most common classifications are:

* '''G.O. Ms. (Manuscript Series):''' These are major, permanent orders that involve significant policy decisions, rule changes, or financial sanctions. They are carefully preserved in the state archives and are usually uploaded to public domains.
* '''G.O. Rt. (Routine Series):''' These are temporary, day-to-day administrative orders. They cover routine matters like an officer's transfer, granting leave, or minor financial approvals. They are generally not preserved permanently.
* '''G.O. (D) / (Draft):''' Used for disciplinary proceedings against government staff or specific departmental matters.

=== Process ===

# '''Proposal:''' A government department identifies a need.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |title=Manual of Office Procedure |url=https://darpg.gov.in/sites/default/files/CSMOP_0_0.pdf}}</ref>
# '''File Circulation:''' A physical or e-office file is created. If it involves money, it must be sent to the Finance Department for "financial concurrence" (approval). If it involves legal ambiguities, it is sent to the Law Department.<ref name=":18" />
# '''Ministerial/Cabinet Approval:''' Depending on the financial limit or policy impact, the file is approved by the Department Minister, the Chief Minister, or the entire Cabinet.<ref name=":18" />
# '''Drafting and Issuance:''' The Secretariat drafts the official Government Order. It is signed by the Principal Secretary or Secretary of that department.<ref name=":18" />
# '''Publication:''' Significant policy GOs (like G.O. Ms.) are published on the government's official GO web portal and, if required by law, printed in the Official Gazette. Routine GOs are simply dispatched to the relevant departments.<ref name=":18" />

=== Legal Status ===
While Government Orders are legally binding on government departments and officials, their legal standing is subordinate to actual laws. A Government Order cannot override, contradict, or amend an Act of Parliament/State Legislature, nor can it override a Statutory Rule. If a GO conflicts with a Rule, the Rule prevails. Most GOs are purely executive instructions. They cannot be used to levy a new tax or impose a criminal penalty on the public, as those actions require statutory backing (an Act).<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" />

GOs are highly susceptible to legal challenge via Writ Petitions (under Article 226 in High Courts or Article 32 in the Supreme Court). Courts routinely strike down or "stay" GOs if they are found to be arbitrary, politically vindictive, or violative of Fundamental Rights (such as a GO that discriminates in government hiring).<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" />

== Office Memorandums (OMs) ==
Office Memorandum (commonly abbreviated as OM) is the primary instrument for internal administrative communication, policy clarification, and the management of government employees.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":18" />

Unlike Statutory Rules or Regulations—which are outward-facing and legally bind the general public—an Office Memorandum is an inward-facing executive instruction. It is the tool the government uses to manage itself, communicate decisions between ministries, and lay down the day-to-day operational guidelines for millions of civil servants and public sector workers.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":18" />

=== Purpose ===
Because the Indian government is a massive employer and administrative entity, it requires a standardized method to communicate internal rules uniformly across hundreds of departments. OMs are primarily utilized for:

* '''Service Matters:''' This is the most common use of OMs. They dictate rules regarding employee promotions, seniority lists, leave entitlements, pension calculations, disciplinary procedures, and transfers.<ref name=":18" />
* '''Policy Clarifications:''' When a new statutory Rule is passed, government departments often need guidance on how to interpret and implement it. An OM is issued to provide these step-by-step administrative instructions.<ref name=":18" />
* '''Financial Guidelines:''' Issuing internal directives on government spending, such as austerity measures, limits on official travel expenses, or the disbursement of the Dearness Allowance (DA).<ref name=":18" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=MANUAL on EXPENDITURE BUDGET MANAGEMENT, 2018 |url=https://www.dghrdcbic.gov.in/WriteReadData/_0_EMC_Manual%20on%20Expenditure%20Budget%20Management%202018.pdf}}</ref>
* '''Inter-Departmental Communication:''' Seeking the opinion, financial concurrence, or legal advice of another ministry (e.g., a Ministry sending an OM to the Ministry of Law and Justice for legal vetting).<ref name=":18" />

=== Legal Status ===
While OMs are not "laws" affecting the general public, they hold immense legal weight within the government apparatus. They are strictly binding on all government officials, departments, and subordinate offices to which they are addressed. Failure to follow an OM can result in departmental disciplinary action against an employee.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Binding nature of Administrative law |url=https://lawgratis.com/blog-detail/binding-nature-of-administrative-law |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=Law Gratis |language=en}}</ref>

OMs are frequently challenged in the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) or the High Courts. The judiciary can strike down an OM if it violates fundamental rights (particularly Article 14 on equality and Article 16 on equal opportunity in public employment), if it is arbitrary, or if it illegally attempts to bypass a statutory Rule. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Office Memorandum and Article 309 of Constitution of India |url=https://www.drishtijudiciary.com/current-affairs/office-memorandum-and-article-309-of-constitution-of-india |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=Drishti Judiciary}}</ref><ref>{{Cite case|court=Supreme Court of India|case=Mrigank Johri & Ors v. Union of India|url=https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2011/31305/31305_2011_Judgement_10-Jul-2017.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite case|court=Andhra Pradesh High Court|case=Superintendent of Post Offices v. Kalluri Vasayya|year=1983|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1321275/}}</ref>

It is a fundamental principle of Indian administrative law that an Office Memorandum is an administrative instruction, not a statutory law. The Supreme Court of India has repeatedly clarified the legal hierarchy between the two. An OM cannot override, amend, or modify a statutory Rule framed under Article 309 of the Constitution (which governs the recruitment and conditions of service for government employees) or an Act of Parliament. An OM can only be used to "fill up the gaps" or supplement statutory rules where the rules are silent. If there is a direct conflict between an OM and a Rule, the Rule strictly prevails.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" />

=== Format ===
To maintain order in the archives, OMs follow a highly standardized, formal format prescribed by the ''Manual of Office Procedure'' (MOP). Unlike a formal letter, an OM does not use salutations like "Dear Sir" or complimentary closes like "Yours faithfully." It is written in the third person. Every OM carries a unique alphanumeric file number (e.g., ''No. 36012/1/2020-Estt.(Res.)'') which tracks the department, the specific desk, and the year of issuance. OMs are typically signed by an officer of the rank of Under Secretary, Deputy Secretary, or Joint Secretary to the Government of India.<ref name=":18" />

== Circulars ==
Circular is a broad, informational executive instrument used to disseminate instructions, clarifications, or procedural guidelines to a large number of government departments, subordinate offices, or public sector employees simultaneously.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web |title=Administrative circulars and guidelines |url=https://lawgratis.com/blog-detail/administrative-circulars-and-guidelines |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=Law Gratis |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{Cite web |title=Client Challenge |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/37085980/Circulars-Circular-Letters-Notices-Memo |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=www.scribd.com}}</ref><ref name=":21">{{Cite web |date=2019-10-07 |title=Differences between Official Memos and Circulars - A Managerial Perspective |url=https://www.wordcountjet.com/differences-between-official-memos-and-circulars-a-managerial-perspective |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=Word Count Jet |language=en-US}}</ref>

As the name implies, it is a document meant for ''wide circulation''. While an Office Memorandum (OM) might be issued to decide a specific policy file or address a specific service matter for an individual employee, a Circular is used when the government needs to broadcast a uniform message across the bureaucratic apparatus.<ref name=":19" /><ref name=":20" /><ref name=":21" />

=== Purpose ===
They are generally issued for three primary reasons:

# '''Clarifying Ambiguities:''' When a new statutory Rule or Act is passed, subordinate officers often face confusion on how to interpret technical clauses on the ground. Ministries issue Circulars to clarify the official departmental interpretation of the law, ensuring uniform application across the country.<ref name=":18" />
# '''Procedural Reminders:''' Issuing reminders regarding mandatory bureaucratic compliance, such as deadlines for filing Annual Performance Appraisal Reports (APARs), guidelines for office punctuality, or protocols for the disposal of physical files.<ref name=":18" />
# '''General Announcements:''' Broadcasting routine administrative information, such as the list of gazetted public holidays for the upcoming year, changes in office working hours, or the announcement of a government-sponsored health camp.<ref name=":18" />

=== Legal Status ===
The legal standing of Circulars is one of the most frequently litigated areas of Indian administrative law, particularly in matters of taxation. The courts have established clear boundaries regarding their enforceability. Circulars are strictly binding on the officers and staff of the department that issues them. A junior officer cannot refuse to follow a departmental Circular. A Circular is merely an administrative instruction or an executive interpretation of the law. It is not a law itself. It cannot impose a new financial burden, restrict a fundamental right, or alter a statutory Rule.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" /><ref name=":22">{{Cite case|court=Supreme Court of India|case=K.P. Varghese v. ITO|first=|year=1981}}</ref><ref name=":23">{{Cite case|court=Supreme Court of India|case=Collector of Central Excise v. Dhiren Chemical Industries|year=2001}}</ref>

The Supreme Court of India has famously ruled on the legal weight of Circulars issued by bodies like the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) and the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC). The court established that while these tax Circulars are binding on the tax assessment officers, they are not binding on the taxpayer or the courts. Furthermore, if a departmental Circular provides a benefit or a relaxed interpretation of the law in favor of the taxpayer, the taxpayer has the legal right to claim that benefit.<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":23" />

Circulars are different from OMs. OMs are often used for taking specific policy decisions or handling service matters. Circulars are generally used to ''inform'' or ''remind'' a wide audience about decisions that have already been taken or rules that already exist. OMs are highly formal and decision-oriented. Circulars are often instructional and explanatory.<ref name=":21" /><ref name=":20" />

== Guidelines ==
Unlike Statutory Rules or Regulations, which are rigid, binding laws, Guidelines function as the framework for government policies, welfare schemes, and administrative procedures.<ref name=":25">{{Cite web |title=Statutory Law vs. Administrative Law |url=https://study.com/academy/lesson/statutory-law-vs-administrative-law.html}}</ref><ref name=":26">{{Cite case|court=Karnataka High Court|case=K. Narasimulu S/O Narasappa v. The State of Karnataka|url=https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/59b109e94a948c269894e222|year=2017}}</ref><ref name=":27">{{Cite case|court=Supreme Court of India|case=Employees' State Insurance Corporation vs Union of India|year=2022}}</ref>

They provide a roadmap for how a specific objective should be achieved, offering standard operating procedures (SOPs) while often retaining a degree of flexibility. the Central Government frequently uses Guidelines to direct State Governments or local bodies on how to implement national programs.<ref name=":25" /><ref name=":26" /><ref name=":27" />

=== Purpose ===
Guidelines are used when the government wants to establish a standardized approach to a problem but requires administrative agility. Their primary uses include:

# '''Welfare Scheme Implementation:''' When the Central Government launches an initiative, it issues detailed operational guidelines. These dictate who is eligible, how states should apply for funds, and the timeline for completion.<ref name=":18" />
# '''Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs):''' Establishing technical or procedural standards for specific scenarios, such as disaster management protocols, clinical treatments for new diseases, or environmental clearances.<ref name=":18" />
# '''Sectoral Best Practices:''' Advising industries or public institutions on ideal practices, such as guidelines for corporate social responsibility (CSR) or campus safety at universities.<ref name=":18" />

=== Legal Status ===
The Supreme Court of India has consistently ruled that pure administrative guidelines do not confer any legally enforceable right upon a citizen. A citizen generally cannot file a writ petition demanding the enforcement of a non-statutory guideline.<ref>{{Cite case|court=Allahabad High Court|case=Dr. Sushila Tyagi Vs. State of U.P. and Others|year=2004|url=https://elegalix.allahabadhighcourt.in/elegalix/WebShowJudgment.do?judgmentID=538}}</ref><ref>{{Cite case|court=Punjab and Haryana High Court|case=Suresh Gupta v. State of Haryana|year=2017|url=https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2017/08/02/writ-petitions-not-for-the-enforcement-of-orders-contrary-to-the-provisions-of-law/}}</ref>

However, the courts also hold that the government cannot arbitrarily ignore its own guidelines. Under Article 14 of the Constitution (Right to Equality), if the government has established a set of guidelines for awarding a contract or distributing a benefit, it must follow them uniformly. Departing from the guidelines without a valid, recorded reason can be struck down as arbitrary and discriminatory.<ref>{{Cite case|court=Supreme Court of India|case=E.P. Royappa v. State of Tamil Nadu}}</ref><ref>Dr. G.N. Khajuria v. Delhi Development Authority</ref>

Administrative guidelines can never override, contradict, or supersede a statutory Act or Rule.<ref>{{Cite case|case=Manish Jain VS State of Chhattisgarh|url=https://supremetoday.ai/search/administrative-order-cannot-override-statutory-provisions|court=Chhattisgarh High Court|year=2014}}</ref>

Guidelines are further categorized into two different categories each having distinct legal weight. Statutory Guidelines are Legally Binding If an Act of Parliament explicitly empowers a regulatory body or ministry to issue "guidelines" for a sector, these hold the force of law. Administrative/Executive Guidelines (Advisory or Conditional), Most government guidelines fall here. They are issued under the general executive power of the state. They do not have statutory force and are generally considered advisory. However, they are often ''conditionally binding''—meaning if a State Government or an NGO wants to receive Central Government funding for a scheme, they must strictly adhere to the guidelines.<ref name=":18" />

== Directions ==
Directions are specific, authoritative commands issued by a higher executive or regulatory authority to a subordinate body, an institution, or a State Government. These are mandatory in nature<ref name=":5" />

=== Purpose ===
Directions are utilized when the government or a regulator needs to enforce strict compliance, rectify an urgent issue, or ensure that a lower authority is not deviating from established law. Their primary uses include:

# '''Regulatory Enforcement:''' Forcing a bank, a factory, or a telecom operator to immediately comply with safety, financial, or environmental standards.<ref name=":18" />
# '''Constitutional Federalism:''' Ensuring that State Governments comply with the laws passed by the Union Parliament and do not act in a way that undermines national policy.<ref name=":18" />
# '''Emergency Interventions:''' Ordering the immediate closure of a polluting industry or freezing the assets of a defaulting financial institution.<ref name=":18" />

=== Categories ===
In India, the power to issue directions is generally split into two distinct categories:

Statutory Directions These are issued by government ministries or independent regulatory bodies under the explicit authority granted to them by a specific Act of Parliament. The "Parent Act" will contain a specific clause granting the regulator this authority. They have the absolute force of law. Failing to comply with a statutory direction is typically an offense punishable by heavy financial penalties, cancellation of licenses, or imprisonment.<ref name=":5" />

Constitutional Directions (Centre-State Relations), Because India is a quasi-federal state, the Constitution empowers the Union (Central) Government to issue direct executive commands to State Governments to ensure national unity and legal compliance. Article 256 & 257, These articles state that the executive power of every State must be exercised in a way that ensures compliance with the laws made by Parliament. Furthermore, the Union executive can give "such directions to a State as may appear to the Government of India to be necessary for that purpose." If a State Government refuses to comply with a lawful direction given by the Union, the President can hold that a situation has arisen where the State cannot be carried on in accordance with the Constitution, paving the way for the imposition of President's Rule (Article 356).<ref name=":5" />

=== Legal Status ===
Directions are strictly binding on the entity they are issued to, because statutory directions often have severe consequences (like shutting down a business), the issuing authority is generally required by administrative law to issue a "Show Cause Notice" first. This gives the receiving party a chance to explain themselves before the final direction is enforced. Directions are frequently challenged in High Courts. A court will strike down a direction if it is ''Ultra Vires'' (beyond the regulator's statutory power), if it violates the principles of natural justice, or if it is deemed a "colorable exercise of power" (using a legal power for an ulterior motive).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Indulia |first=Bhumika |date=2025-04-22 |title=Principles of Natural Justice: Definition, Application to Administrative Proceedings and Contours of Application |url=https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2025/04/22/principles-of-natural-justice-application-scope-administrative-proceedings/ |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=SCC Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite case|court=Supreme Court of India|case=REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA (2024, November 13). Writ Petition (Civil) No. 295 of 2022: Guidelines on Demolition and Show Cause Notices.|url=https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2022/12239/12239_2022_2_1501_57147_Judgement_13-Nov-2024.pdf}}</ref>

== Resolutions ==
Resolution (often specifically a Cabinet Resolution or Government Resolution) is a formal, authoritative expression of the government's opinion, major policy stance, or strategic intent.<ref name=":28">{{Cite web |title=Resolutions In The Indian Parliament: Types, Process, And Significance |url=https://pwonlyias.com/udaan/resolutions-in-indian-parliament/ |access-date=2026-04-02 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":29">{{Cite web |last=MUKHARJI |first=P.B. |title=RESOLUTIONS OF PARLIAMENT AND STATE LEGISLATURES—A STUDY OF THEIR LEGAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL CHARACTER |url=http://14.139.60.116:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/15011/1/020_Resolution%20of%20Parliament%20and%20State%20Legislatures-A%20Study%20of%20their%20Legal%20and%20Constitutional%20Cha.pdf}}</ref><ref name=":30">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-03-11 |title=Cabinet and Cabinet Committees, Role, Principles |url=https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-exam/cabinet-and-cabinet-committees/ |access-date=2026-04-02 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

While instruments like Rules, Regulations, and Directions are used to enforce laws and dictate compliance, a Resolution is typically used to establish a new national policy, or create significant non-statutory institutions. It represents the collective will and decision of the executive branch (usually the Union Cabinet) recorded in a highly formalized manner.<ref name=":28" /><ref name=":29" /><ref name=":30" />

=== Purpose ===
The government utilizes Resolutions when it needs to make a monumental administrative move that does not require the coercive power of a penal law. Their primary functions include:

# '''Creating Non-Statutory Bodies:''' The executive can establish highly influential advisory or planning bodies without needing to pass an Act through Parliament, provided these bodies do not need statutory powers (like the power to arrest, tax, or issue legally binding regulations).<ref name=":29" />
# '''Declaring National Policies:''' When the government finalizes a comprehensive framework that will guide the nation for decades—such as an education policy or an industrial policy—it is often formally adopted and published as a Government Resolution.<ref name=":29" />
# '''Appointing Commissions of Inquiry:''' While some commissions are backed by the ''Commissions of Inquiry Act'', the government frequently uses standard executive resolutions to set up high-level committees, task forces, or expert panels to study a specific issue and submit a report.<ref name=":29" />

=== Process ===
For major national resolutions, a detailed cabinet note is prepared by the sponsoring Ministry. It is debated and passed by the Union Cabinet, chaired by the Prime Minister. The formal text is drafted, outlining the background, the objectives, and the specific decisions taken by the government. To make the Resolution an official public document and a matter of historical record, it is published in Part I, Section 1 of the ''Gazette of India'' (which is specifically reserved for non-statutory resolutions and major policy announcements).<ref name=":18" />

=== Legal Status ===
Because a Resolution is fundamentally a declaration of policy rather than a legislative act, its legal standing is very distinct. A Resolution does not have the force of statutory law. It cannot be used to levy a tax, create a criminal offense, deprive a citizen of their property, or infringe upon fundamental rights. A Resolution sits below Acts, Rules, and Regulations in the legal hierarchy. If a government policy declared via a Resolution contradicts a law passed by Parliament, the law strictly prevails. While courts generally do not interfere with pure policy decisions, a Resolution can be struck down if it is unconstitutional, arbitrary, or attempts to execute actions that strictly require statutory backing. However, citizens cannot easily sue the government for merely failing to achieve the goals outlined in a policy resolution.<ref name=":29" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shaji |first=Ashish |date=2023-03-16 |title=Govt Resolutions Issued By Administrative Department Can't Have Status Of Statutory Rule Although Such Resolutions May Have Their Own Effect: SC |url=https://www.verdictum.in/court-updates/supreme-court/govt-resolutions-status-of-statutory-rule-seniority-promotion-1467334 |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=www.verdictum.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2007-01-28 |title=Resolution can't override legislation: SC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/resolution-cant-override-legislation-sc/articleshow/1495575.cms |access-date=2026-04-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{uncategorised|date=May 2026}}

Sarada (actress)

2026-05-04T17:47:47Z

IolaWatriama22: created the info v1

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sarada
| image =
| birth_name = Saraswati Devi
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1945|06|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Tenali]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]])
| other_names = Urvasi Sarada
| occupation = Actress
| yearsactive = 1955; 1961–present
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Chalam (actor)|Chalam]]|1972|1984|end=div}}
| children =
| awards = [[National Film Award for Best Actress]] (3)
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| module = {{infobox officeholder
| embed = yes
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Tenali Lok Sabha constituency|Tenali]]
| term_start = 1996
| term_end = 1998
| predecessor = [[Ummareddy Venkateswarlu]]
| successor = [[P. Shiv Shankar]]
}}
}}

'''Thadiparthi Saraswati Devi''' (born 12 June 1945), better known by her stage name '''Sarada''', is an Indian actress and politician. Though known for her work predominantly in [[Telugu films|Telugu]] and [[Malayalam films|Malayalam cinema]], she has also appeared in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Hindi]] and [[Kannada]] language films.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/%E2%80%98I-always-enjoyed-my-work-in-Malayalam%E2%80%99/article14425855.ece |title=I always enjoyed my work in Malayalam |first=P. K. Ajith |last=Kumar |newspaper=The Hindu |date=16 June 2016 |access-date=23 April 2017 |archive-date=15 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615142843/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/%E2%80%98I-always-enjoyed-my-work-in-Malayalam%E2%80%99/article14425855.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>

Sarada is a three-time recipient of the [[National Film Award for Best Actress]] for her roles in ''[[Thulabharam]]'' (1968),<ref name="National Awards Winners 1968: Complete list of winners of National Awards 1968">{{cite news |last1=Times of India |first1=Entertainment |title=National Awards Winners 1968: Complete list of winners of National Awards 1968 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/national-awards-winners/1968/108 |url-status=live |access-date=11 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511142357/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/national-awards-winners/2005/108 |archive-date=11 May 2021}}</ref> ''[[Swayamvaram (1972 film)|Swayamvaram]]'' (1972), and ''[[Nimajjanam]]'' (1977). She is also known as Urvasi Sarada – the National Film Award for Best Actress was officially designated the ''Urvasi Award''. Sarada also won the [[NTR National Award]] by the Government of Andhra Pradesh for her contributions to [[Indian cinema]].<ref name="auto1">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/reeltime-column-actor-sharada/article6775439.ece |title=The actor with a golden touch |first=SAJU |last=CHELANGAD |newspaper=The Hindu |date=11 January 2015 |access-date=23 April 2017 |archive-date=9 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109193758/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/reeltime-column-actor-sharada/article6775439.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2024, she was honoured with the [[J. C. Daniel Award]] by the [[Government of Kerala]], for her contributions to [[Malayalam cinema]].<ref name='jc'>{{Cite web |date=January 16, 2026 |title=Actress Sarada bags JC Daniel Award |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/actress-sarada-bags-jc-daniel-award-xmkve7q6 |access-date=2026-01-16 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]]}}</ref>

==Early life==
Sarada was born on 12 June 1945<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tfn |first=Team |date=12 June 2019 |title=Urvasi Sharada Birthday – The First Lady Of South Cinema Turns 74 |url=https://www.thetelugufilmnagar.com/2019/06/12/urvasi-sharada-birthday-the-first-lady-of-south-cinema-turns-74/ |access-date=19 June 2023 |website=Telugu Filmnagar |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> as Saraswati Devi in [[Tenali]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] (in present-day [[Guntur]], Andhra Pradesh, India). Her parents Venkateswar Rao and Satyavathi Devi were farmers. She has a brother, Mohan Rao. Sarada was sent to [[Madras]] in her childhood to live with her grandmother Kanakamma. Sarada describes her grandmother as a "strict disciplinarian" who in the later days "wouldn't even let the heroes touch her" and allowed "rehearsals only on Sundays".<ref name="indiainteracts.com">{{cite web |url=http://indiainteracts.com/columnist/2006/09/26/Early-years/ |title=Indiainteracts.com |access-date=18 December 2007 |archive-date=30 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080130123412/http://indiainteracts.com/columnist/2006/09/26/Early-years/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Sarada started to learn dance when she was six. She used to perform during [[Navratri|Dasara]] and other temple festivals. Because of her mother's desire, she learnt dancing. Her mother wanted her to be a "big star in cine field". Though Sarada's father was not too interested in the idea, he did not stop her.

Sarada married Telugu actor [[Chalam (actor)|Chalam]], and the couple later divorced. Currently, Sarada resides with her brother's family in Chennai.<ref name="indiainteracts.com"/>

==Early career==

When she grew up, she started acting in [[Telugu theatre]].<ref name="auto"/> Her debut in cinema was with a minor role in the [[Telugu film]] ''[[Kanyasulkam (film)|Kanyasulkam]]''. However, she returned to theatre after that and did a major role in the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] version of ''[[Ratha Kanneer]]'', a [[Tamil films|Tamil]] drama.<ref name="indiainteracts.com"/> The play went on to be staged over 100 times in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="indiainteracts.com"/>

===Film career===

In 1959, she began her career as Sarada. The change in name was attributed to the presence of a few other actors in the industry with the name Saraswati, after a Hindu goddess.<ref name="indiainteracts.com"/> She came under contract to [[L.V. Prasad]], a [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] producer.<ref name="auto1"/> Though she didn't get to act in any of his films, she got her formal training in acting under him, including the [[Navarasa]] lessons. She largely attributes her performances and growth in the field to this training.<ref name="indiainteracts.com"/> Her first break came with the [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]]-starrer ''[[Iddaru Mitrulu (1961 film)|Iddaru Mitrulu]]'', which was a major hit. Noted for the role in the film, she got acting offers from [[Tamil film|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam film]]s as well.<ref name="auto"/>

The year 1965 changed her career as Sarada carved her niche for herself in the Malayalam film industry with her performances in ''[[Shakuntala]]'', ''[[Murappennu]]'', ''[[Udhyogastha]]'' by [[P. Venu]], ''[[Kattu Thulasi]]'' and ''[[Inapravukal]]''.<ref name="auto1"/> After that, she focused in Malayalam films, acting only a few roles in other languages. Recognition came in 1967 in the form of a national honorary award for her performances in various films of 1966 including ''[[Iruttinte Athmavu]]''.<ref name="auto1"/> The award was the predecessor to the [[National Film Award for Best Actress]], which was instituted in 1968. In 1969, she won her first National Film Award for Best Actress for her performance in ''[[Thulabharam]]''. She went on to win the award 2 more times, for ''[[Swayamvaram (1972 film)|Swayamvaram]]'' (1972, Malayalam) and ''[[Nimajjanam]]'' (1978, Telugu). She also won the [[Kerala State Film Award]]s for Best Actress one time.<ref name="auto"/> After 1993, she became choosy and accepted only a few films. Her major films of late were ''[[Mazhathullikkilukkam]]'' (2002, Malayalam), ''[[Rappakal]]'' (2005, Malayalam), ''[[Nayika]]'' (2011, Malayalam) and ''[[Stalin (2006 film)|Stalin]]'' (2006, Telugu).

She owns a chocolate factory named Lotus Chocolates.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto"/> She was elected as a Member of Parliament on [[Telugu Desam Party]] ticket from her native town of Tenali.<ref name="auto1"/> She was one of [[Women in Cinema Collective|WCC]] members of [[Hema Committee report]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/08/19/actress-sarada-hema-committee-report-reacts-casting-couch.html|title=Casting couch has been a reality in the film industry for a long time: Sarada|publisher=Onmanorama}}</ref>

==Awards==
{{BLP sources section|date=April 2023}}

=== [[National Film Awards]] ===
*1968 - [[National Film Award for Best Actress]] : ''[[Thulabharam]]'' (Malayalam)
*1972 - [[National Film Award for Best Actress]] : ''[[Swayamvaram (1972 film)|Swayamvaram]]'' (Malayalam)
*1977 - [[National Film Award for Best Actress]] : ''[[Nimajjanam]]'' (Telugu)

=== [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]] ===
*2013 - [[Kalaimamani]] for contributions to Tamil cinema

=== [[Kerala State Film Awards]] ===
*1970 - [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress]] – [[Thriveni]] & [[Thara (1970 film)|Thara]]
*2024 - [[J. C. Daniel Award]] for outstanding contributions to [[Malayalam cinema]]<ref name='jc' />

=== [[Filmfare Awards South]] ===
* 1987 - [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Malayalam]] : [[Oru Minnaminunginte Nurunguvettam]]<ref>https://archive.org/details/35th-filmfare-south-awards-regional-films</ref><ref>https://archive.org/details/35th-filmfare-south-awards-presentation</ref>
* 1996 – [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award - South]] <ref>https://archive.org/details/filmfare-life-time-achievement</ref>

=== [[Nandi Awards]] ===
* 1984 - [[Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actress]] - ''[[Bobbili Brahmanna]]''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf |title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008) |trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008) |work=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]] |access-date=21 August 2020 |archive-date=23 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223135739/http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf |url-status=live}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
* 2010 - [[NTR National Award]] for Lifetime Achievement

=== Other awards ===
* 1970 - Bengal Film Journalists' Association (BFJA) Award for Best Actress in Hindi – [[Samaj Ko Badal Dalo]]
* 2017 - [[Prem Nazir]] [[Award]]
* 1999 - Honorary doctorate from [[Suravaram Pratap Reddy Telugu University|Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University]]
* 2020 - [[Vanitha Film Awards]] - Lifetime Achievement Award

==Notable filmography ==

===Telugu===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Character !! Remarks
|-
| 1955 || ''[[Kanyasulkam (film)|Kanyasulkam]]'' || Minor role || Debut film
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1961 || ''[[Iddaru Mitrulu (1961 film)|Iddaru Mitrulu]]'' ||Meena ||
|-
| ''Tandrulu Kodukulu'' ||||
|-
| 1962 || ''Atma Bandhuvu'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1963 || ''[[Valmiki (1963 Telugu film)|Valmiki]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Thobuttuvulu]]'' || Rukmini ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1964 || ''[[Dagudu Moothalu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Mairavana'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Murali Krishna (film)|Murali Krishna]]'' || Srilatha ||
|-
| 1965 || ''Chaduvukonna Bharya'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1966 || ''Shrimati'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Bhakta Potana]]'' || ||
|-
| 1968 || ''Mana Samsaram'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1969 || ''Sri Rama Katha''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sri Rama Katha {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/sri_rama_katha |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>|| [[Sita]] and [[Lakshmi|Mahalakshmi]]||
|-
| ''[[Manushulu Marali]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1970 || ''[[Sambarala Rambabu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Pasidi Manasulu'' || ||
|-
| ''Sisindri Chittibabu''|| ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1971 || ''[[Chelleli Kapuram]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Jeevitha Chakram]]'' || Kamala ||
|-
| ''Sati Ansuya'' || ||
|-
| ''Pagabattina Paduchu'' || ||
|-
| ''Amayakuralu'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1972 || ''[[Kalam Marindi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Manavudu Danavudu]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1973 || ''[[Devudu Chesina Manushulu (1973 film)|Devudu Chesina Manushulu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sharada (1973 film)|Sarada]]'' || Insane Woman ||
|-
| ''Vishali'' || ||
|-
| ''Mayadari Malligadu'' || ||
|-
| ''Mallamma Katha'' || ||
|-
| ''Ida Lokam'' || ||
|-
| ''Abhimanavanthulu'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="8" | 1974 || ''Urvasi '' || ||
|-
| ''Radhamma Pelli'' || ||
|-
| ''Premalu Pellilu'' || ||
|-
| ''Palle Paduchu'' || ||
|-
| ''Harathi'' || ||
|-
| ''Devudu Chesina Pelli'' || ||
|-
|''Tulabharam''
|Radha/Roja
|
|-
| ''Adambaralu Anubhandalu'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1975 || ''[[Balipeetam]]'' || Aruna ||
|-
| ''[[Zamindarugari Ammayi]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zamindaru gari Ammayi (1975) |url=https://indiancine.ma/RGS/info |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>|| Parvathi||
|-
| ''Vykunthapalli'' || ||
|-
| ''Saubhagyavati'' || ||
|-
| ''Bharati'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1976 || ''[[Suprabhatam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Mahatmudu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Nimajjanam]]'' || Brahmin housewife || [[National Film Award for Best Actress]] Nominated - [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1977 || ''[[Daana Veera Soora Karna]]'' ||[[Draupadi]] ||
|-
| ''Swarganiki Nitchenalu'' || ||
|-
| '' Bhale Alludu'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |1978
|''[[Indradhanussu 1978 film|Indradhanussu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indradhanusu (1978) |url=https://indiancine.ma/SGU |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Shanti and Latha
|Double Role
|-
| ''Navodayam'' || ||
|-
| ''Shivamettina Satyam'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1979 || ''[[Gorintaku (1979 film)|Gorintaku]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Karthika Deepam (film)|Karthika Deepam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Priya Bandhavi'' || ||
|-
| ''Captain Krishna'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="10" | 1980 || ''[[Sardar Papa Rayudu]]'' || Seeta||
|-
| ''Sannayi Appanna'' || ||
|-
| ''Ramudu Parashuramudu'' || ||
|-
| ''Rajadhi Raju'' || ||
|-
| ''Mangala Gauri'' || ||
|-
|''Sivamethina Satyam''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sivamethina Satyam (1980) |url=https://indiancine.ma/UHM |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Radha
|
|-
| ''Kodalu Vastunaru Jagratha'' || Janaki||
|-
| ''Kaliyuga Ravana Surudu'' || ||
|-
| ''Alludu Pattina Bharatham'' || ||
|-
| ''Alayam'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1981 || ''[[Nyayam Kavali]]'' || Lawyer Shakuntala||
|-
| ''O Amma Katha'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Prema Natakam]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prema Natakam Movie Cast |url=https://www.vcinema.com/movie/prema-natakam-1981}}</ref>'' || Sarada||
|-
| ''Alludugaru Zindabad'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |1982
| ''Nipputho Chelagatam'' ||Mrs. Ganga Kumar ||
|-
| ''[[Justice Chowdary]]'' || Radha||
|-
|''Prathikaram''
|Lakshmi
|
|-
| ''Jagannatha Rathachakralu'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="11" | 1983 || ''Swarajyam'' || ||
|-
| ''Raghu Ramudu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Poratam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Kumkuma Tilakam'' || ||
|-
| ''Kaliyuga Daivam'' || ||
|-
| ''Kala Yamudu'' || ||
|-
| ''Durga Devi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Chanda Sasanudu]]'' ||Bhuvaneswari Devi ||
|-
| ''Bandhipottu Rudramma'' || ||
|-
| ''Bahudoorapu Batasari'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aalaya Sikharam]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=13 | 1984 || ''[[Bobbili Brahmanna]]'' || Savitri|| wife of Brahmanna
|-
| ''Ugra Roopam'' || ||
|-
| ''Rowdy'' || Shantha||
|-
| ''Raaraju'' || ||
|-
| ''Marchandi Mana Chattalu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Katha Nayakudu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Janani Janmabhoomi]]'' ||Kachyayani ||
|-
| ''Iddaru Dongalu'' || ||
|-
|''Sardar''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sardar (1984) |url=https://indiancine.ma/ZDL |access-date=13 April 2023 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Bharati
|
|-
| ''Chadarangam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Swathi (1984 film)|Swathi]]'' || Saraswathi ||
|-
| ''Bharyamani'' || ||
|-
| ''Bharatamlo Sankharavam'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="12" | 1985 || ''[[Adavi Donga]]''|| Vasundhara||
|-
| ''[[Vijetha (1985 film)|Vijetha]]'' || Saraswathi ||
|-
| ''[[Pattabhishekam (1985 film)|Pattabhishekham]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Palnati Simham'' || Nagamani Devi||
|-
| ''Maha Sangramam'' || ||
|-
| ''Intiko Rudramma'' || ||
|-
| ''Illaliko Pariksha'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Devalayam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Bhale Thammudu (1969 film)|Bhale Tammudu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Bebbuli Veta'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Agni Parvatam]]'' || Janaki ||
|-
| ''[[Rakta Sindhuram|Raktha Sindhuram]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="13" | 1986 || ''[[Anasuyamma Gari Alludu]]'' ||Anasuyamma ||
|-
| ''[[Apoorva Sahodarulu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Prathidwani'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Desoddharakudu|Deshoddharakudu]]'' ||||
|-
| ''Dharma Peetam Daddarillindi'' || ||
|-
|''[[Krishna Garadi]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Jailu Pakshi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Mister Bharath'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Khaidi Rudrayya]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kondaveeti Raja]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Muddula Krishnayya]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kaliyuga Krishnudu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Ravana Brahma'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="16" | 1987 || ''[[Sardar Krishnama Naidu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Agni Putrudu]]'' ||Brahmaramba ||
|-
| ''[[Collector Gari Abbai]]'' || Laxmi Devi ||
|-
| ''[[Bhargava Ramudu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Kulala Kurukshetram'' || ||
|-
| ''Lawyer Bharti Devi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Muddayi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Presidentgari Abbayi'' || ||
|-
| ''Saradamba'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ramu (1987 film)|Ramu]]'' || Gayatri Devi ||
|-
| ''[[Ajeyudu]]'' ||Tulasi ||
|-
| ''Repati Swarajyam'' || ||
|-
| ''Rotation Chakravarthi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Samrat (1987 film)|Samrat]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samrat (1987) |url=https://indiancine.ma/ACFP |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>|| Rajyalakshmi||
|-
|''Prajaswamyam''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prajaswamyam on Moviebuff.com |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/prajaswamyam |access-date=19 April 2023 |website=Moviebuff.com}}</ref>
|Rajeshwari
|
|-
| ''[[Sankharavam (1987 film)|Sankharavam]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="13" | 1988 || ''15 August Rathri'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Brahma Puthrudu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Dharma Teja]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Donga Ramudu (1988 film)|Donga Ramudu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Illu Illalu Priyuralu'' || ||
|-
|''[[Chattamto Chadarangam]]''<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJmkchM8ZZU |title=CHATTAMTHO CHADARANGAM {{!}} TELUGU FULL MOVIE {{!}} SOBHAN BABU {{!}} SARATH BABU {{!}}ARJUN {{!}} SHARADA {{!}} V9 VIDEOS |language=en |access-date=2024-05-01 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref>
|Lalitha
|
|-
| ''Maa Telugu Talli'' || ||
|-
| ''Prajaswayam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Raktabhishekam|Rakthabishekam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Raktha Tilakam]]'' || Nagamani ||
|-
| ''[[Rowdy No.1]]'' || ||
|-
|''Agni Keratalu''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agni Keratalu (1988) |url=https://indiancine.ma/ACLJ |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Rajeshwari Devi
|
|-
| ''[[Samsaram (1988 film)|Samsaram]]'' ||Lakshmi ||
|-
| rowspan="10" | 1989 || ''[[Bhale Donga]]'' || SP Indrani ||
|-
| ''[[Dhruva Nakshatram (1989 film)|Dhruva Nakshatram]]'' || Bharathi Devi ||
|-
| ''Dr. Bhavani'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Goonda Rajyam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Manchi Kutumbam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Nari Nari Naduma Murari]]'' || Sesha Rathnam ||
|-
| ''Parthudu'' || Soubhagya||
|-
| ''[[Raktha Kanneeru]]'' || Sarojini||
|-
| ''[[State Rowdy]]'' || SP Laajmani M. Rao ||
|-
|''[[Manchi Kutumbam 1989|Manchi Kutumbam]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=FilmiClub |title=Manchi Kutumbam (1989) |url=https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/manchi-kutumbam-1989-telugu-movie |access-date=18 June 2023 |website=FilmiClub |language=en-US}}</ref>
|Savithri
|
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1990 || ''[[:te:కడప_రెడ్డెమ్మ|Kadapa Reddamma]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Adadhi'' || Acchamamba ||
|-
| ''[[Kondaveeti Donga]]'' || Sambhavi ||
|-
| ''[[Lorry Driver (film)|Lorry Driver]]'' ||Collector Lalitha Devi ||
|-
| ''[[Aggiramudu]]'' ||Justice Janaki Devi ||
|-
|''[[Dagudumuthala Dampathyam]]'' ||Lalitha ||
|-
| ''[[Prema Khaidi]]'' || Jailor ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1991 || ''[[Amma Rajinama]]'' || Amma (Mother) ||Nominated - [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu ]]
|-
| ''[[Coolie No. 1 (1991 film)|Coolie No.1]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Jagannatakam]]'' || Manikyamma ||
|-
| ''[[Killer (1991 film)|Killer]]'' ||Malavika ||
|-
| ''Nayakuralu'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1992 || ''[[Mother India (1992 film)|Mother India]]'' ||Rajyalakshmi ||
|-
| ''Pellante Noorella Panta'' || Vasanthi ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1993 || ''[[Major Chandrakanth (1993 film)|Major Chandrakanth]]'' || Savitri ||
|-
| ''[[Mechanic Alludu]]'' ||Lakshmi ||
|-
| ''Pelli Gola'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Evandi Aavida Vachindi]]'' ||Janaki ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1994 || ''[[Bobbili Simham]]'' || ||
|-
|''Atha Kodallu''
|
|
|-
| ''President Gari Alludu'' || Prabhavati ||
|-
| 1995 || ''Leader'' ||Kausalya ||
|-
| 1996 || ''Nayanamma'' || ||
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Antahpuram]]'' || Narasimha's wife ||
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Tholi Choopulone]]'' || ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Sankranthi (film)|Sankranthi]]'' || Mother||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Stalin (2006 film)|Stalin]]'' || Stalin's mother ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2007 || ''[[Aata (2007 film)|Aata]]'' ||Narasimha's wife ||
|-
| ''[[Yogi (2007 film)|Yogi]]'' || Shantamma ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Sukumarudu]]'' ||Vardanamma ||
|}

===Malayalam===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1965 || ''[[Shakuntala (1965 film)|Shakuntala]]'' || Priyamvadha ||
|-
| ''[[Kaliyodam]]'' || Rani ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1966 || ''[[Inapraavugal]]'' || Rahel ||
|-
| ''[[Pareeksha (1967 film)|Pareeksha]]'' || Yamuna ||
|-
| ''[[Kattuthulasi]]'' || Lalitha ||
|-
| ''[[Murappennu]]'' || Bhagiradhi ||
|-
| ''[[Rajamalli]]'' || Rajamalli ||
|-
| rowspan=7 | 1966 || ''Thilothama'' || Vimala ||
|-
| ''Jail'' || Valsala ||
|-
| ''[[Pakalkkinavu]]'' || Malathy ||
|-
| ''[[Manikyakottaram]]'' || Thankam ||
|-
| ''[[Karuna (1966 film)|Karuna]]'' || Sharadha ||
|-
| ''[[Kanmanikal]]'' || Shantha ||
|-
| ''[[Archana (film)|Archana]]'' || Malathi ||
|-
| rowspan=9 | 1967 || ''[[Kavalam Chundan (film)|Kavalam Chundan]]'' || Sarada ||
|-
| '' [[Kasavuthattam]]'' || Jameela ||
|-
| ''[[Chithramela]] '' || Sarassu || Segment: "Apaswarangal"
|-
| ''[[Iruttinte Athmavu]]'' || Ammukutty ||
|-
| ''[[Udhyogastha]]'' || Vimala ||
|-
| ''[[Thalirukal]]'' || Omana ||
|-
| ''[[Mulkireedam]]'' || Jancy ||
|-
| ''[[Arakkillam]]'' || Geetha ||
|-
| ''[[Pareeksha (1967 film)|Pareeksha]]'' || Yamuna ||
|-
| rowspan=13 | 1968 || ''[[Karthika (film)|Karthika]]'' || Karthika ||
|-
| ''[[Agni Pareeksha (1968 film)|Agni Pareeksha]]'' || Hemalatha ||
|-
| ''[[Kadal (1968 film)|Kadal]]'' || Mary ||
|-
| ''[[Kaliyalla Kalyanam]]'' || Saraswathy ||
|-
| ''[[Karutha Pournami]]'' || Kunjumol ||
|-
| ''[[Manaswini]]'' || Malathi ||
|-
| ''[[Yakshi (film)|Yakshi]]'' || Ragini ||
|-
| ''[[Hotel High Range]]'' || Nalini ||
|-
| ''[[Midumidukki]]'' || Radha ||
|-
| ''[[Punnapra Vayalar]]'' || Malathi ||
|-
| ''[[Aparadhini]]'' || Meenu ||
|-
| ''[[Asuravithu (1968 film)|Asuravithu]]'' || Meenakshi ||
|-
| ''[[Thulabharam]]'' || Vijaya ||
|-
| rowspan=14 | 1969 || ''[[Nadi (film)|Nadi]]'' || Stella ||
|-
| ''[[Janmabhoomi (1969 film)|Janmabhoomi]]'' || Jaya ||
|-
| ''[[Aalmaram]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Adimakal]]'' || Ponnamma ||
|-
| ''[[Jwala (1969 film)|Jwala]]'' || Kunjomana, Kunjammini || double role
|-
| ''[[Koottukudumbam]]'' || Shyamala ||
|-
| ''[[Vilakuranja Manushyan]]'' || Devi ||
|-
| ''[[Vilakkapetta Bendhangal]]'' || Indhu ||
|-
| ''[[Kattukurangu]]'' || Minikutty ||
|-
| ''[[Mooladhanam]]'' || Sarada ||
|-
| ''[[Sandhya (film)|Sandhya]]'' || Sandhya ||
|-
| ''[[Soosi]]'' || Susie ||
|-
| ''[[Veettumrugam]]'' || Radhika ||
|-
| ''[[Velliyazhcha]]'' || Radha ||
|-
| rowspan=10 | 1970 || ''[[Ammayenna Sthree]]'' || Vijaya || [[National Film Award for Best Actress]]
|-
| ''[[Thriveni]]'' || Thankamma ||
|-
| ''Stree'' || Savithri ||
|-
| ''[[Mindapennu]]'' || Kunjulakshmi ||
|-
| ''[[Kakkathamburatti]]'' || Janamma ||
|-
| ''Kuttavali'' || Ponnamma ||
|-
| ''[[Cross Belt (film)|Cross Belt]]'' || Ammu ||
|-
| ''[[Ambalapravu]]'' || Adv. Indhulekha ||
|-
| ''[[Pearl View]]'' || Stella ||
|-
| ''[[Thara (film)|Thara]]'' || Vasanthi/Thara ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1971 || ''[[Inqulab Zindabbad]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aabhijathyam]]'' || Malathy ||
|-
| ''[[Panchavan Kaadu]]'' || Minnukutty ||
|-
| ''[[Vilakku Vangiya Veena]]'' || Sarada ||
|-
| ''[[Navavadhu]]'' || Sreedevi ||
|-
| rowspan=9 | 1972 || ''[[Theerthayathra]]'' || Savithri/Thaathrikkutty ||
|-
| ''[[Anweshanam]]'' || Valsala ||
|-
| ''[[Brahmachari (1972 film)|Brahmachari]]'' || Sreedevi/Vasanthy ||
|-
| ''[[Maaya (1972 film)|Maaya]]'' || Gomathi ||
|-
| ''Gandharavakshetram'' || Lakshmi ||
|-
| ''[[Professor (1972 film)|Professor]]'' || Lakshmi ||
|-
| ''[[Swayamvaram (1972 film)|Swayamvaram]]'' || Seeta || [[National Film Award for Best Actress]]
|-
| ''[[Sree Guruvayoorappan (1972 film)|Sree Guruvayoorappan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Snehadeepame Mizhi Thurakku]] '' || Reena ||
|-
| rowspan=7 | 1973 || ''[[Veendum Prabhatham]]'' || Lakshmi ||
|-
| ''[[Udayam (1973 film)|Udayam]]'' || Geetha ||
|-
| '' Jeevitham'' || ||
|-
| '' [[Enippadikal (film)|Enippadikal]]'' || Thankamma ||
|-
| ''[[Thekkan Kattu]]'' || Shoshamma ||
|-
| ''[[Bhadradeepam]]'' || Rajani ||
|-
| ''[[Divyadharsanam]]'' || ||
|-
| 1974 || ''Oru Pidi Ari'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1975 || ''[[Raagam]]'' || Priyamvada ||
|-
| ''[[Thiruvonam (film)|Thiruvonam]]'' || Radhika ||
|-
| ''[[Abhimaanam]]'' || Indu ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 1976 || ''[[Paalkkadal]]'' || Sujatha ||
|-
| ''[[Amrithavaahini]]'' || Geetha ||
|-
|''[[Kanyaadaanam]]''|| ||
|-
| ''[[Chennai Valarthiya Kutty]] '' || Chellamma ||
|-
| rowspan=11 | 1977 || ''[[Nurayum Pathayum]] '' || ||
|-
| '' [[Hridayame Sakshi]]'' || Kamala ||
|-
| ''[[Aparaajitha]] '' || ||
|-
| ''[[Amme Anupame]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aaraadhana]]'' || Sharadha ||
|-
| ''[[Anjali (1977 film)|Anjali]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Itha Ivide Vare]]'' || Janu ||
|-
| ''[[Vishukkani]]'' || Rajani ||
|-
| ''[[Randu Lokam]]'' || Shanta ||
|-
| ''[[Sreedevi (film)|Sreedevi]]'' || Sreedevi ||
|-
| ''[[Taxi Driver (1977 film)|Taxi Driver]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=12 | 1978 || ''[[Mannu]]'' || Paru ||
|-
| ''[[Asthamayam]]'' || Shanthi ||
|-
| ''[[Ithaanente Vazhi]]'' || Malathi ||
|-
| ''[[Sundarimaarude Swapnangal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Society Lady]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Rowdy Ramu]]'' || Santhi ||
|-
| ''[[Raghuvamsham (film)|Raghuvamsham]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Onappudava]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Manoradham]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Maattoly]]'' || Malathi ||
|-
| ''[[Anubhoothikalude Nimisham]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Thacholi Ambu]]'' || || Guest role
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1979 || ''[[Indradhanussu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Ward No. 7'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Pushyaraagam]]'' || Saraswathi ||
|-
| ''[[Pichathy Kuttappan]]'' || Thankamma ||
|-
| ''[[Ente Sneham Ninakku Mathram]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 1980 || ''[[Akalangalil Abhayam]]'' || Bharghavi aka Ammini ||
|-
| ''[[Ivar (1980 film)|Ivar]]'' || Savithri/Margaret ||
|-
| ''[[Swarga Devatha]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Adhikaram]]'' || Vimala ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1982 || ''[[Elippathayam]]'' || Rajamma ||
|-
| ''[[Ponmudy (film)|Ponmudy]]'' || Madhavi ||
|-
| ''[[Anguram]]'' || Malini ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1983 || ''[[Lekhayude Maranam Oru Flashback]]'' || Geetha ||
|-
| ''[[Anantham Ajnatham]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Nizhal Moodiya Nirangal]]'' || Shoshamma ||
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Oru Minnaminunginte Nurunguvettam]]'' || Saraswathi Teacher || [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]]
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Kashmeeram]]'' || Justice Usha Varma ||
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Mazhathullikkilukkam]]'' || Anna John ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Rappakal]]'' || Saraswathiyamma ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Naayika]]'' || Older Gracy ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Kalikaalam (2012 film)|Kalikaalam]]'' || Devaki Teacher ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Ammakkoru Tharattu]]'' || Sulakshana ||
|-
|}

===Tamil===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1963 || ''[[Kunkhumam]]'' || Susila || Debut in Tamil
|-
| ''[[Thulasi Maadam (film)|Thulasi Maadam]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1964 || ''[[Arunagirinathar (film)|Arunagirinathar]]'' || Gnanavalli ||
|-
| ''[[Vazhkai Vazhvadarke]]'' || Chandra ||
|-
| 1969 || ''[[Thulabaram]]'' || Vijaya ||
|-
| 1972 || ''[[Gnana Oli]]'' || Mary ||
|-
| 1974 || ''Thayi Pirandhal'' || Lakshmi ||
|-
| 1975 || ''[[Ninaithadhai Mudippavan]]'' || Seetha ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1976 || ''Mazhai Megam'' || Aruna / Suguna ||
|-
| ''[[Ennai Pol Oruvan]]'' || Laxmi ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1977 || ''Aval Thandha Uravu'' || ||
|-
| ''Chakravarthi'' || Shanthi ||
|-
| 1978 || ''Pudhu Seruppu Kadikkum'' || ||
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Sarithira Nayagan]]'' || Varalakshmi ||
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Mr. Bharath]]'' || Shanti ||
|-
| 1998 || ''Anthapuram'' || Narasimha's wife ||
|-
|}

===Hindi===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1970 || ''[[Samaj Ko Badal Dalo]]'' || Chhaya ||
|-
| 1973 || ''[[Agni Rekha]]'' ||Nirmala Thakur ||
|-
| 1980 || ''Pratishodh'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1982 || ''Sindoor Bane Jwala'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Main Intequam Loonga]]'' || Mrs.Ganga Kumar ||
|-
| 1984 || ''Sardar'' || ||
|-
| 1996 || ''[[Sabse Bada Mawali]]'' || Malvika ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Yaar Meri Zindagi]]'' || Radha || Started in 1971
|-
|}

===Kannada===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1963 || ''[[Valmiki (1963 Kannada film)|Valmiki]]'' || ||
|-
| 1978 || ''[[Maathu Tappada Maga]]'' || Latha ||
|-
|1983
|''[[Simha Gharjane]]''
|Sharada
|
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1984 || ''Thayi Mamathe'' || ||
|-
| ''Pralaya Rudra'' || ||
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Sheela]]
* [[Jayabharathi]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name}}

{{National Film Award for Best Actress}}{{NTR National Award}}{{Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actress}}{{FilmfareLifetimeAchievementAwardSouth}}
{{KeralaStateAwardForBestActress}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharada}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:Actresses from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Best Actress National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Kerala State Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women in Andhra Pradesh politics]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:People from Tenali]]
[[Category:Women members of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:Indian stage actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu theatre]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]

Maitree Express

2026-05-04T11:09:50Z

IolaWatriama22: added initial pg needs work...

{{Short description|Train service in India and Bangladesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Maitree Express
| image = File:Maitri Express.jpg
| image_width =
| caption = Inauguration of Maitree Express train of the [[Bangladesh Railway]] on 14 April 2008
| type = [[AC Express (Indian Railways)|AC Express]]
| status = Temporarily non-operational
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2008|04|14}}
| last = {{start date and age|df=yes|2024|07|19}}
| operator = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern (West Bengal) Railway zone]] of [[Indian Railways]] & [[Bangladesh Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Kolkata}} (KOAA)
| stops = 3
| end = {{stnlnk|Dhaka Cantonment}} (DHCA)
| distance = {{convert|400|km|mi}}
| journeytime = 8 hours 50 minutes
| frequency = 5 days
| class = [[Indian Railways coaching stock|1st AC]] (1A) AC Chair Car (CC)
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = Yes
| observation =
| entertainment = No
| baggage =
| otherfacilities =
| stock = 2 [[LHB coach|LHB]] rakes. 1 rake each of Indian & 1 Bangladeshi type
| gauge = [[broad gauge]]({{track gauge|1676mm}})
| el =
| trainnumber = 13107/13108/13109/13110
| speed = {{convert|45|kph|mph}}
| map = {{routemap|inline=1|map=
~~km~~
KBHFa~~0~~{{stnlnk|Kolkata}}
BHF~~114~~{{stnlnk|Gede}}
STR+GRZq~~ ~~ ~~India and [[Bangladesh]] border
BHF~~118~~{{stnlnk|Darshana}}
KBHFe~~400~~{{stnlink|Dhaka Cantonment}}
}}
}}
{{Transport in Dhaka}}
{{Contains special characters|Bengali}}
The '''''Maitree Express''''' (13109/13110) train ({{langx|bn|মৈত্রী এক্সপ্রেস}}), often pronounced '''Moitree Express''', was the first express train service connecting [[Dhaka]] in [[Bangladesh]] to [[Kolkata]] in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. The Bengali name ''Maitree Express'' means ''Friendship Express'' when translated to English, denoting the significance of the train service to the friendly foreign relations between India and Bangladesh.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7345724.stm|title= Dhaka-Calcutta train link resumes|publisher=BBC News|date=14 April 2008| access-date=17 April 2008}}</ref> Previously train services [[Transport between India and Bangladesh#Rail links|between the two countries]] existed before the partition of India by the British and the ''Maitree Express'' re-established this connection between Dhaka and Kolkata in 2008 after being closed for 43 years.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-04-14/india/27746168_1_kolkata-and-dhaka-passenger-train-services-kolkata-dhaka-moitree-express|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020100744/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-04-14/india/27746168_1_kolkata-and-dhaka-passenger-train-services-kolkata-dhaka-moitree-express|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 October 2012|title=Kolkata–Dhaka Moitree Express flagged off|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 April 2008| access-date=17 April 2008}}</ref> In 2017, a second train service, the [[Bandhan Express]], was inaugurated connecting Kolkata with the Bangladeshi city of [[Khulna]], recreating the previous [[Barisal Express]] train route.<ref name="fp-2017-me2">{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/maitree-express-ii-chugged-across-india-bangladesh-border-amid-cheers-applause-3374846.html|title=Maitree Express-II chugged across India, Bangladesh border amid cheers, applause|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]|date=8 April 2017|access-date=13 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="ie-2017-me2">{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/sheikh-hasina-visits-india-narendra-modi-new-rail-passenger-service-to-be-announced-4603357/|title=Sheikh Hasina visit: Maitree Express to be made fully AC, new passenger service to be announced|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=7 April 2017| access-date=13 April 2017}}</ref> A valid visa and passport is required beforehand to purchase a ticket for the Maitree Express train. Tickets are available at [[Dhaka Cantonment railway station]] in Bangladesh and at [[Kolkata railway station|Chitpur Station]] in Kolkata, India. Together with the [[Bandhan Express]] train and the [[Mitali Express]] train, the Maitree Express train is one of three modern day fully air conditioned passenger [[Transport_between_India_and_Bangladesh|train links]] between India and Bangladesh.

[[File:Maitree Express (Bangladesh).webm|thumb|Maitri Express Crossing time [[Poradah Junction railway station|Poradah Junction]]]]

The commercial run of this train was suspended in the wake of the global [[COVID-19 pandemic]] since March 2020. However, the train resumed its service again from 29 May 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh bound Maitree, Bandhan Express to resume soon: Check details |url=https://www.news9live.com/utility/bangladesh-bound-maitree-bandhan-express-to-resume-soon-check-details-171584 |access-date=28 May 2022 |work=NEWS9LIVE |date=21 May 2022 |language=en |archive-date=29 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629001112/https://www.news9live.com/utility/bangladesh-bound-maitree-bandhan-express-to-resume-soon-check-details-171584 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Passenger Train Services Between India and Bangladesh to Resume from May 29; Check Details |url=https://www.news18.com/news/auto/passenger-train-services-between-india-and-bangladesh-to-resume-from-may-29-check-details-5204455.html |access-date=28 May 2022 |work=News18 |date=19 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Since 19 July 2024, the service was suspended indefinitely due to political unrest in Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2024 |title=India suspends train services to Bangladesh indefinitely |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-suspends-train-services-to-bangladesh-indefinitely-9496857/ |access-date=1 July 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Background==
[[File:Kolkata Station.JPG|thumb|right|[[Kolkata railway station]], India]]
The [[Partition of India]] in 1947 disrupted rail links in the province of [[Bengal]], which was divided into the Indian state of [[West Bengal]] and the Pakistani province of [[East Bengal]] (later renamed [[East Pakistan]] in 1956). During British rule over the undivided land, regular over-night trains connected [[Kolkata]], [[Goalundo Ghat|Goalanda]], [[Dhaka]] and [[Narayanganj]]. In addition pre-partition, ''[[Darjeeling Mail]]'' connecting Kolkata (''[[Sealdah railway station|Sealdah Station]]'') with [[Siliguri]] ran through what became East Pakistan via {{stnlnk|Gede}}–{{stnlnk|Darshana}} and {{stnlnk|Chilahati}}–{{stnlnk|Haldibari}}. Three train services from Sealdah—''[[East Bengal Mail]]'' to {{stnlnk|Parbatipur Junction}} via Gede-Darshana, ''[[East Bengal Express]]'' to [[Goalundo Ghat]] via Gede-Darshana, and the ''[[Barisal Express]]'' to [[Khulna]] via [[Benapole]]–[[Petrapole]]—continued operation between the two countries until 1965, when the outbreak of the [[Indo-Pakistani Conflict of 1965]] led to the closure of all passenger train links.<ref name="TOI"/> The [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] resulted in the independence of East Pakistan as the nation-state of [[Bangladesh]]. The ''Maitree Express'' follows the same route as the first two trains above via Gede-Darshana.

===Revival===
[[File:Maitri Express train.jpg 01.jpg|thumb|The Maitri Express]]
In 2001, the two national governments agreed upon the railway train scheme during [[bilateralism|bilateral]] talks. The train service concept got a major boost during the visit of the then Indian Foreign Minister, [[Pranab Mukherjee]], to Dhaka in February 2007. On 8 July 2007, the first train ran from Kolkata to Dhaka in a test run, carrying Indian government officials who were to meet their Bangladeshi counterparts to finalise train schedules.<ref name="BBC4">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6281710.stm|title=First India–Bangladesh train link|last=Sudworth |first=John|publisher=BBC News|date=8 July 2007|access-date=17 April 2008}}</ref> In response to [[INDIA|Indian]] security demands, a "box-fencing" system was to be erected on either side on the [[no-man's land]] between the two countries.<ref name="TOI2">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-04-12/india/27744788_1_kolkata-dhaka-train-service-poila-boishakh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020100753/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-04-12/india/27744788_1_kolkata-dhaka-train-service-poila-boishakh|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 October 2012|title=Kolkata–Dhaka train service to resume on Bengali New Year|date=12 April 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=17 April 2008}}</ref> The inauguration of the train service was held on the occasion of the [[Bengali New Year]] ({{langx|bn|পহেলা বৈশাখ}}) 14 April 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/media/avdb/news/world/video/166000/bb/166080_16x9_bb.asx?ad=1&ct=50|title=A Report from Dhaka to Kolkata on the first operation day|publisher=BBC News, watching available by Windows Media Player|access-date=20 April 2008}}</ref>
[[File:Chitpur.JPG|thumb|right|Kolkata Station, where the train departs.]]

==Inauguration==
On 14 April 2008, on the occasion of the [[Bengali New Year]], the train service was launched with much fanfare. The flag-off ceremony for the first train leaving Kolkata from the [[Kolkata railway station]] in Chitpur was attended by dignitaries such as the Indian Railway Minister [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]; Information and Broadcasting Minister [[Priya Ranjan Dasmunsi]]; the Governor of West Bengal [[Gopalkrishna Gandhi]]; and the Bangladesh High Commissioner to India [[Liquat Ali Chowdhury]]. The Indian Foreign Minister [[Pranab Mukherjee]] officially flagged-off the inaugural train from Kolkata, bound for Dhaka.<ref name="TOI"/><ref name="TOI2"/> Another train departed at the same time carrying passengers from Dhaka to Kolkata. But the 360-seater Calcutta to Dhaka express train was carrying barely 65 passengers, including journalists and politicians, on its inaugural run. [[Indian Railways]] officials stated that the train service was launched hurriedly, and that when information would spread there would be a greater response and passenger numbers.<ref name="BBC"/> An official statement from the Indian [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] said, "The agreement will strengthen bilateral relations and provide an alternative mode of passenger transport."<ref name="TOI2"/>

=== Public perception ===
The inauguration of the train service evoked mixed public responses in both countries.<ref name="BBC"/> Thousands of people gathered along the train route from Kolkata up to the border crossing point in [[Gede, Nadia|Gede]] to cheer the inaugural train. However, a group representing [[Hindu]] refugees from Bangladesh, the [[Nikhil Banga Nagarik Sangha]] (''All Bengal Citizens Committee'') protested the launching of the train service, citing [[Persecution of Hindus#Bangladesh|persecution of Hindus]] in Bangladesh; possible terrorist infiltration into India; and demanding the rehabilitation of Bangladeshi Hindu refugees.<ref name="BBCE"/><ref name="ME">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-04-14/india/27752879_1_kolkata-dhaka-moitree-express-bangladesh-high-commissioner-aranghata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020100758/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-04-14/india/27752879_1_kolkata-dhaka-moitree-express-bangladesh-high-commissioner-aranghata|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 October 2012|title=Moitree Express resumes journey after brief halt|date=14 April 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=17 April 2008}}</ref> Police reports stated that 87 people (including 11 women) had been arrested for blocking the train by squatting on the tracks and refusing to move.<ref name="BBC"/><ref name="BBCE">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7338284.stm|title= Excitement mounts over train link|last=Bhaumik|first=Subir|publisher=BBC News|date=9 April 2008|access-date=17 April 2008}}</ref><ref name="ME"/> Police blamed the group for planting three crude bombs on the route, which were defused a day before the launch on 13 April 2008.<ref name="BBC"/><ref name="ME"/> After this initial incident, this train service has been incident free so far.

==Maitree Express route and operations==
The '''Maitree Express''' runs five days a week. The train travels around {{convert|400|km|mi}} to reach Dhaka from Kolkata. Earlier there were two stops for immigration checks in Kolkata and Dhaka. One in [[Gede, Nadia|Gede]] on the Indian side and the other in [[Darshana, Chuadanga, Bangladesh|Dorshona]] on the Bangladeshi side. Since November 2017 immigration and customs are completed at Dhaka and Kolkata. This has reduced travel time by two and half hours.

It takes around 8 hours 50 minutes to cover the entire stretch. The entire stretch is covered by broad-gauge diesel locomotives. A change of crew and locomotives takes place at Dorshona in Bangladesh. There are two major river crossings, the 100 year old [[Hardinge Bridge]] over the [[Padma River]] and the [[Bangabandhu Bridge]] over the [[Jamuna River (Bangladesh)|Jamuna River]]. Both river crossings occur in Bangladesh. Since Pahela Boishakh 2017 ({{langx|bn|পহেলা বৈশাখ}}), 14 April 2017, all coaches have been changed to air conditioned LHB coach thus enhancing the travel experience. From February 2020 the service was made five days a week, instead of four days a week till then, with additional run with BR Rake every Tuesday and Wednesday from Dhaka and Kolkata respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/4554352|title = 4554352-0: Increase in frequency of Kolkata Dhaka M 13108/Maitree Express BR – Railway Enquiry}}</ref>

===Train schedule===

Regular train departures are as follows:<ref name="Bangladesh Railway–Maitree Express">{{cite web |title=Maitree Express Schedule |url=http://www.railway.gov.bd/site/page/b849c03e-7d46-49c7-a3bc-f3011cc1b8f0/Maitree-Express-Train- |website=Bangladesh Railway }}</ref>

<div style="text-align:center;">
{| class="wikitable"
!Route!!Day!!Train No.!!Rake
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Dhaka Cantonment railway station|Dhaka]] to {{stnlnk|Kolkata}}
|Friday||13107||[[Bangladesh Railway|BR]]
|-
|Saturday||13110||[[Indian Railways|IR]]
|-
|Sunday||13107||[[Bangladesh Railway|BR]]
|-
|Tuesday||13107||[[Bangladesh Railway|BR]]
|-
|Wednesday||13110||[[Indian Railways|IR]]
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Route!!Day!!Train No.!!Rake
|-
| rowspan="5" |Kolkata to Dhaka
| Saturday||13108||[[Bangladesh Railway|BR]]
|-
|Monday||13108||[[Bangladesh Railway|BR]]
|-
|Tuesday||13109||[[Indian Railways|IR]]
|-
|Wednesday||13108||[[Bangladesh Railway|BR]]
|-
|Friday||13109||[[Indian Railways|IR]]
|}</div>

The train starts from Kolkata at 07:15 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] and reaches Dhaka at 16:05 [[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]] the same day. Similarly, it starts from Dhaka at 08:15 [[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]] and reaches Kolkata at 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] the same day. This train's route does not involve any lengthy ferry-crossing pauses or border checks. It is also less costly than the Kolkata to Dhaka air conditioned luxury bus services. Terminal points are {{stnlnk|Dhaka Cantonment}} and {{stnlnk|Kolkata}} (Chitpur) stations respectively. While Kolkata is a true terminal station, it is possible to continue by local train onwards to Dhaka's main station in [[Kamalapur railway station|Kamalapur]] from [[Dhaka Cantonment]] station. The nearest Metro station from Kolkata is [[Shyambazar metro station|Shyambazar]] – a distance of {{convert|2.0|km|mi}}. There is a public bus terminal right outside Kolkata railway station with connectivity to various parts of the city.<ref name="Bangladesh Railway–Maitree Express"/>

===Frequency===
In February 2020, the train's frequency was increased to five days a week. From Kolkata it runs on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday while the train leaves Dhaka Cantonment on Sunday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:মৈত্রী ও বন্ধন ট্রেনের যাত্রার সংখ্যা এক দিন বাড়ল |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/international/article/1638153/ |access-date=20 February 2020 |work=Prothom Alo |date=5 February 2020 |language=bn}}</ref>

==Diplomacy==
The development of the Kolkata–Dhaka train service is akin to that of the ''[[Samjhauta Express]]'' (meaning "Understanding" or "Accord" Express), which connects the Indian capital [[Delhi]] to [[Lahore]] in Pakistan. Both train services were opened to revive rail links between the countries that were disrupted by the partition of India by the British in 1947. Both have been used as symbols of goodwill and cooperation between India and Bangladesh, in the case of the ''Maitree Express'', and India and Pakistan in the case of the ''Samjhauta Express''.

==Challenges==
Earlier the Maitree Express was said to be running at 50% occupancy in 2011. With increase in runs to five days a week, this service has gained popularity. Better publicity in local media at both terminal cities also could help raise patronage leading to the train becoming a daily service. Despite this, in 2018 patronage has increased and average occupancy is around 90%.

==Booking==
Unlike most of the Indian trains, online booking through the [[IRCTC]] website is not available for this train. Tickets are only available in local currency at the booking counters of Chitpur Station in Kolkata and a valid Bangladeshi visa in the passport is mandatory before purchasing a ticket. The valid visa and passport has to be shown when purchasing the train ticket. While applying for a visa it was earlier essential to specify the port of entry as "By rail-Gede" (for an Indian visa) or "By rail-Darshana"(for a Bangladeshi visa). Tickets will be issued only after issue of the visa. Valid passports must be shown while booking. In case all passengers are not present, an authorisation is required while booking tickets. After both countries started issuing an e-Visa, mentioning specific port and mode of transport is no longer required. Since this is a highly popular train, tickets need to be booked at least 5 or 6 days in advance. As of 18 June 2014, return tickets are available on a predefined number of seats, for up-to two weeks before the date of journey, excluding the journey date. The return tickets have to be validated by going to the station two hours before the departure of the train. The return fare includes only the base fare and all other taxes and service charges have to be paid during the validation of the ticket. This is applicable for return journeys from both Dhaka as well as Kolkata.

Tickets are available in Dhaka from the Main Reservation Counter of Kamalapur railway station. The counter at Dhaka Cantonment is open everyday from 0900 to 1900. A valid visa and passport has to be shown when purchasing the train ticket. In Kolkata tickets may be purchased from the International Ticket Booking Counter at Fairlie Place, Dalhousie Square, and also at Chitpur Station in Kolkata on the day of arrival of the train from Dhaka.<ref name="Bangladesh Railway–Maitree Express" />

==Coach composition==
The train consisting the number 13109/10, is operated by [[Indian Railways]] rake which are purely [[LHB coach]] in red-grey (used by [[Rajdhani Express]] trains) and sky blue-grey (used by [[Shatabdi Express]] trains).

While the train consisting the number 13107/08 is operated using [[Bangladesh Railway]] rake, which are also [[LHB coach]] in dark green livery with white horizontal line.

The train has 10 coaches. 4 AC Executive Class, 4 AC Chair Car and 2 power car brake vans.
and these trains was hauled by [[Bardhaman]]-based [[WDM-3D]] or [[WDM-3A]]
;Legends
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! LRM/GD/EOG/SLR !! H- !! C-
|-
| Generator cum luggage van || First AC Sleeper Coach || AC Chair Car (CC)
|}
; Indian rakes

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center:"
|+Rake composition of 13109 Kolkata to Dhaka
! Loco
! style="background:grey;"| 1
! style="background:red;"| 2
! style="background:red;"| 3
! style="background:red;"| 4
! style="background:red;"| 5
! style="background:#87ceeb;"| 6
! style="background:#87ceeb;"| 7
! style="background:#87ceeb;"| 8
! style="background:#87ceeb;"| 9
! style="background:grey;"| 10
|-
|[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|25px]] ||EOG||H1||H2||H3||H4||C1||C2||C3||C4||EOG
|}
* while 13110 Dhaka to Kolkata has reverse rake composition of 13109.

;Bangladeshi rake
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center:"
|+Rake composition of 13107 Dhaka to Kolkata
! Loco
! style="background:#03925e;"| 1
! style="background:#03925e;"| 2
! style="background:#03925e;"| 3
! style="background:#03925e;"| 4
! style="background:#03925e;"| 5
! style="background:#03925e;"| 6
! style="background:#03925e;"| 7
! style="background:#03925e;"| 8
! style="background:#03925e;"| 9
! style="background:#03925e;"| 10
|-
|[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|25px]] ||EOG||A1||A2||A3||A4||B1||B2||B3||B4||EOG
|}
* while 13108 Kolkata to Dhaka has reverse rake composition of 13107.

==See also==
* [[Bandhan Express]]
* [[Mitali Express]]
* [[Samjhauta Express]]
* [[Transport between India and Bangladesh#Rail links]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Maitree Express}}
* [http://www.railway.gov.bd/site/page/b849c03e-7d46-49c7-a3bc-f3011cc1b8f0/মৈত্রী-এক্সপ্রেস-ট্রেনের-সময়সূচি-এবং-ভাড়া Bangladesh Railway - Maitree Express Schedule মৈত্রী এক্সপ্রেস ট্রেনের সময়সূচি এবং ভাড়া]
* [https://i0.wp.com/www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/BBIN.jpg?resize=1303%2C859 Map of India-Bangladesh border links]

{{Railways in Eastern India}}
{{Railways in Bangladesh}}
{{Eurasian Land Bridge}}
{{International trains from India}}

[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:International named passenger trains]]
[[Category:Bangladesh–India relations]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2008]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Dhaka]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]

2024 Indian general election in Karnataka

2026-05-03T05:57:59Z

IolaWatriama22:

{{short description|Indian political election in Karnataka}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| country = India
| type = Parliamentary
| ongoing = No
| election_date = 26 April and 7 May 2024
| turnout = 70.90%({{increase}}2.09%)
| previous_election = 2019 Indian general election in Karnataka
| previous_year = 2019
| next_election = 2029 Indian general election in Karnataka
| next_year = 2029
| seats_for_election = All 28 Karnataka seats in the [[Lok Sabha]]
| outgoing_members = List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha#Karnataka
| elected_members = List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha#Karnataka
| opinion_polls = 2024 Indian general election in Karnataka#Opinion polls
| =
| leader1 = [[Basavaraj Bommai]]
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| alliance1 = National Democratic Alliance
| last_election1 = 51.38%, 25 seats
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 8
| seats1 = '''17'''
| percentage1 = '''46.06%'''
| swing1 = '''{{decrease}} 5.32''' [[Percentage point|pp]]
| leader_since1 = 2023
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Shri Basavaraj Bommai calling on the Union Minister for Defence, Shri Rajnath Singh, in New Delhi on July 30 2021.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=5|oTop=0}}
| leaders_seat1 = [[Haveri Lok Sabha constituency|Haveri]]
| seats_before1 = 
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Siddaramaiah at the function Akshaya Patra Foundation in Karnataka.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
| leader2 = [[Siddaramaiah]]
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| alliance2 = [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
| last_election2 = 31.88%, 1 seat
| leader_since2 = 2020
| leaders_seat2 = Not contested
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 8
| seats2 = 9
| percentage2 = 45.43%
| swing2 = {{increase}} 13.55 [[Percentage point|pp]]
| seats_before2 = 
| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image=HDK Minister of Steel.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=12|oTop=3}}
| leader3 = [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]]
| party3 = Janata Dal (Secular)
| alliance3 = National Democratic Alliance
| last_election3 = 9.67%, 1 seat
| leader_since3 = 1999
| seat_change3 = {{increase}} 1
| seats3 = 2
| percentage3 = 5.60%
| swing3 = {{decrease}} 4.07 [[Percentage point|pp]]
| leaders_seat3 = [[Mandya Lok Sabha constituency|Mandya]]
| seats_before3 = 
| map_image = {{Switcher|[[File:2024 Lok Sabha Karnataka Result Map.svg|300px]]|Partywise result map of the 2024 general election in Karnataka|
[[File:2024 Karnataka Lok Sabha election alliance wise results.svg|300px]]|Alliance-wise result map of the 2024 general election in Karnataka}}
| popular_vote1 = '''1,77,97,699'''
| popular_vote2 = 1,75,54,381
| popular_vote3 = 21,63,203
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| before_election = [[Narendra Modi]]
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| after_election = [[Narendra Modi]]
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}

The [[2024 Indian general election]] was held in [[Karnataka]] on 26 April 2024 and 7 May 2024, during the second and third phases respectively, to elect members of the [[18th Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-16 |title=Lok Sabha elections: Karnataka to vote in 2 phases, on April 26 and May 7 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/lok-sabha-elections-karnataka-to-vote-in-2-phases-9217997/ |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/elections-2023-rajasthan-madhya-pradesh-rajasthan-tripura-karnataka-elections-lok-sabha-elections/2932655/lite/|title=Elections in 2023: 11 electoral contests that will set the tone for 2024 | The Financial Express|website=www.financialexpress.com|date=31 December 2022 }}</ref>

== Background ==
The last date for filing nominations for candidates contesting in constituencies falling in the phase two of the polls was 4 April, and that for phase three was 19 April.<ref>{{cite news |title=Karnataka General Election 2024 full schedule: All you need to know about the Lok Sabha election in Karnataka |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/karnataka-general-election-2024-full-schedule-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-lok-sabha-election-in-karnataka/article68093644.ece |access-date=25 April 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=22 April 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

A total of 247 candidates, which included 226 men and 21 women, contested from the 14 constituencies that went for polls in phase two on 26 April. The constituency with most contestants was [[Chikballapur Lok Sabha constituency|Chikballapur]] (29) and the least was [[Dakshina Kannada Lok Sabha constituency|Dakshina Kannada]] (9). More than 28.8 million voters were eligible to vote in 30,602 polling stations. Of these, 19,701 polling stations were announced to be [[webcast]], and 1,370 would be covered via [[CCTV]]s.<ref name="dh1">{{cite news |title=Lok Sabha elections 2024: Congress, BJP lock horns again within a year as stage set for voting in Karnataka |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/india/lok-sabha-elections-2024-congress-bjp-lock-horns-again-within-a-year-as-stage-set-for-voting-in-karnataka-2993772 |access-date=25 April 2024 |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> It also included 1,832 special booths with 1,120 of them dedicated to women voters. It was reported that those booths would only have women personnel, including the police and group-D workers. 224 booths were set up for [[Disability in India|disabled persons]], with disabled persons serving as the personnel there. Another 224 booths were set up dedicated for youth with young officials as personnel, intended to encourage youth to take part in polling. In addition to this, one theme-based polling booth in [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly|every Assembly constituency]] was set up that intending to focus on the cultural heritage of the region.<ref>{{cite news |title=Karnataka to have 1,832 special polling booths |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/karnataka-to-have-1832-special-polling-booths/article68091814.ece |access-date=25 April 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=21 April 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Ahead of the phase two, the Chief Electoral Officer of Karnataka stated that 140,000 personnel would be on duty and that 5,000 micro-observers, 50,000 civil police personnel, 65 companies of [[Paramilitary forces of India|Central Parliamentary Force]] and State Armed Police force of other States would also be deployed for security.<ref name="dh1"/>

The remaining 14 constituencies that went for polls on 7 May as part of phase three saw a total of 227 candidates contesting, which included 206 men and 21 women. Among these, the [[Davanagere Lok Sabha constituency|Davanagere constituency]] had the most candidates (30), and [[Raichur Lok Sabha constituency|Raichur]], the least (8). More than 25.9 million voters were eligible in 28,269 polling stations. Of these, 17,000 polling stations were covered by webcasting. Around 1.45 lakh officials were deployed, and additionally, 35,000 civil police personnel, 65 companies of the Paramilitary forces and armed police of other states were deployed. It was reported that 4,000 micro-observers would be on duty.<ref>{{cite news |title=Karnataka Election Phase 3 voting tomorrow: Key fight in Haveri, Dharwad, Balgaum - 227 candidates in fray |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/karnataka-election-phase-3-voting-tomorrow-key-fight-in-haveri-dharwad-balgaum-227-candidates-in-fray-428430-2024-05-06 |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=Business Today |date=6 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== Election schedule ==
[[File:2024 Indian general election in Karnataka schedule.svg|300px|thumb|left|Phase wise schedule of [[2024 Indian general election]] in [[Karnataka]] ]]
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
! colspan="2" |Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#87CEFA|II
|bgcolor=#7B68EE|III
|-
!Notification date
|28 March
|12 April
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|4 April
|19 April
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|5 April
|20 April
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|8 April
|22 April
|-
!Date of poll
|'''26 April'''
|'''7 May'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
| colspan="2" |'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|14
|14
|}

== Parties and alliances ==

=== National Democratic Alliance ===

{{legend2|{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|[[National Democratic Alliance]]}}
[[File:2024 Karnataka NDA seat share Lok Sabha election.jpg|350px]]
{|class="wikitable " width="50%" style="text-align:center"
!colspan="2"|Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]]
|[[B. Y. Vijayendra]]
|25
|-
|{{party color cell|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
|[[File:JD(S)_Flag.png|50x50px]]
|[[File:Indian election symbol female farmer.svg|50px]]
|[[H. D. Kumaraswamy]]
|3
|-
!
!colspan="4"|Total
!28
|}

=== Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance ===

{{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]]}}
{|class="wikitable " width="50%" style="text-align:center"
!colspan="2"|Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Hand INC.svg|50px]]
|[[Siddaramaiah]]
|28
|-

|}
===Others ===
{|class="wikitable " width="50%" style="text-align:center"
|+Recognised parties
!colspan="2"|Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|[[File:Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Elephant.png|50px]]
|''TBD''
|21
|-
|{{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|[[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|50px|centre]]
|[[File:CPI(M) election symbol - Hammer Sickle and Star.svg|50px|centre]]
|TBD
|1
|-
!
!colspan="4"|Total
!22
|}
{|class="wikitable " width="50%" style="text-align:center"
|+Unrecognised parties
!colspan="2"|Party
!Symbol
!Seats contested
|-
|{{Party colour cell|Karnataka Rashtra Samithi}}
|[[Karnataka Rashtra Samithi]]
|[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Battery-Torch.svg|50px|centre]]
|28
|-
|{{Party colour cell|Uttama Prajaakeeya Party}}
|[[Uttama Prajaakeeya Party]]
|[[File:Auto_Rickshaw_Election_Symbol.svg|50px|centre]]
|20
|-
|{{Party colour cell|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}
|[[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)]]
|
|19
|-
|Rowspan=2 {{Party colour cell|Other}}
|Bahujan Bharat Party
|
|4
|-
|Bharatiya Prajagala Kalyana Paksha
|
|4
|-
|{{Party colour cell|Prahar Janshakti Party}}
|[[Prahar Janshakti Party]]
|
|4
|-
|{{Party colour cell|Republican Party of India (Athawale)}}
|[[Republican Party of India (Athawale)]]
|
|4
|-
|Rowspan=9 {{Party colour cell|Other}}
|Samajwadi Janata Party (Karnataka)
|
|4
|-
|Young Star Empowerment Party
|
|4
|-
|Country Citizen Party
|
|3
|-
|Indian Labour Party (Ambedkar Phule)
|
|3
|-
|Kannada Paksha
|
|3
|-
|Karunada Sevakara Party
|
|3
|-
|Navabharath Sena
|
|3
|-
|Rashtriya Samaj Dal (R)
|
|3
|-
|Republican Party of India (Karnataka)
|
|3
|-
|{{Party colour cell|Socialist Party (India)}}
|[[Socialist Party (India, 2011)|Socialist Party (India)]]
|
|3
|-
|Rowspan=3 {{Party colour cell|Other}}
|All India Ulama Congress
|
|2
|-
|Indian Movement Party
|
|2
|-
|Janahitha Paksha
|
|2
|-
|{{Party colour cell|Karnataka Janata Paksha}}
|[[Karnataka Janata Paksha]]
|
|2
|-
|Rowspan=6 {{Party colour cell|Other}}
|Naki Bharatiya Ekta Party
|
|2
|-
|Proutist Bloc, India
|
|2
|-
|Purvanchal Mahapanchayat
|
|2
|-
|Rani Chennamma Party
|
|2
|-
|Sarva Janata Party
|
|2
|-
|Tipu Sultan Party
|
|2
|-
|{{Party colour cell|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}
|[[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]]
|
|2
|-
|Rowspan=9 {{Party colour cell|Other}}
|Voters Independent Party
|
|2
|-
|Bharatheeya Jawan Kisan Party
|
|1
|-
|Bhartiya Bahujan Kranti Dal
|
|1
|-
|Bhartiya Jan Samrat Party
|
|1
|-
|Challengers Party
|
|1
|-
|Delhi Janta Party
|
|1
|-
|Desh Prem Party
|
|1
|-
|Digvijaya Bharatha Party
|
|1
|-
|Dr. Ambedkar People's Party
|
|1
|-
| {{Party colour cell|Ikkjutt Jammu}}
|[[Ekam Sanatan Bharat Dal]]
|
|1
|-
|Rowspan=9 {{Party colour cell|Other}}
|Gareeb Aadmi Party
|
|1
|-
|Karnataka Karmikara Paksha
|
|1
|-
|Karnataka Praja Party (RaithaParva)
|
|1
|-
|Karunaadu Party
|
|1
|-
|Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena
|
|1
|-
|National Maha Sabha Party
|
|1
|-
|Proutist Sarva Samaj
|
|1
|-
|Pyramid Party of India
|
|1
|-
|Raita Bharat Party
|
|1
|-
| {{Party colour cell|Rashtriya Samaj Paksha}}
|[[Rashtriya Samaj Paksha]]
|
|1
|-
| Rowspan=3 {{Party colour cell|Other}}
|Republican Party of India Bharatha
|
|1
|-
|Samaj Vikas Kranti Party
|
|1
|-
|Secular Democratic Congress
|
|1
|-
!
! colspan="2" |Total
!161
|}

==Candidates==

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Constituency
|colspan="3" bgcolor={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|
|colspan="3" bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}|
|-
!colspan="3"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
!colspan="3"|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
|-
!1
|[[Chikkodi Lok Sabha constituency|Chikkodi]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Annasaheb Jolle]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Priyanka Jarkiholi]]
|-
!2
|[[Belgaum Lok Sabha constituency|Belgaum]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Jagadish Shettar]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Mrinal Ravindra Hebbalkar
|-
!3
|[[Bagalkot Lok Sabha constituency|Bagalkot]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[P. C. Gaddigoudar]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Samyukta S Patil
|-
!4
|[[Bijapur Lok Sabha constituency|Bijapur]] (SC)
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Ramesh Jigajinagi]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|H.R. Algur
|-
!5
|[[Gulbarga Lok Sabha constituency|Gulbarga]] (SC)
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Umesh. G. Jadhav]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Radhakrishna Doddamani]]
|-
!6
|[[Raichur Lok Sabha constituency|Raichur]] (ST)
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Raja Amareshwara Naik]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[G Kumar Naik]]
|-
!7
|[[Bidar Lok Sabha constituency|Bidar]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bhagwanth Khuba]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Sagar Khandre]]
|-
!8
|[[Koppal Lok Sabha constituency|Koppal]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Basavaraj Kyavator
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[K. Rajashekar Basavaraj Hitnal]]
|-
!9
|[[Bellary Lok Sabha constituency|Bellary]] (ST)
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[B. Sriramulu]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[E. Tukaram]]
|-
!10
|[[Haveri Lok Sabha constituency|Haveri]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Basavaraj Bommai]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Anandswamy Gaddadevara Math
|-
!11
|[[Dharwad Lok Sabha constituency|Dharwad]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Pralhad Joshi]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Vinod Asooti
|-
!12
|[[Uttara Kannada Lok Sabha constituency|Uttara Kannada]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Vishweshwar Hegde Kageri]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Anjali Nimbalkar]]
|-
!13
|[[Davanagere Lok Sabha constituency|Davanagere]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Gayathri Siddheshwara
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Prabha Mallikarjun]]
|-
!14
|[[Shimoga Lok Sabha constituency|Shimoga]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[B. Y. Raghavendra]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Geeta Shivarajkumar]]
|-
!15
|[[Udupi Chikmagalur Lok Sabha constituency|Udupi Chikmagalur]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Kota Srinivas Poojary]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[K. Jayaprakash Hegde]]
|-
!16
|[[Hassan Lok Sabha constituency|Hassan]]
|{{party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|[[Prajwal Revanna]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Shreyas Patel Gowda]]
|-
!17
|[[Dakshina Kannada Lok Sabha constituency|Dakshina Kannada]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Brijesh Chowta
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Padmaraj
|-
!18
|[[Chitradurga Lok Sabha constituency|Chitradurga]] (SC)
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Govind Karjol]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[B. N. Chandrappa]]
|-
!19
|[[Tumkur Lok Sabha constituency|Tumkur]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[V. Somanna]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[S. P. Muddahanumegowda]]
|-
!20
|[[Mandya Lok Sabha constituency|Mandya]]
|{{party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|[[H.D. Kumaraswamy]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Venkataramane Gowda
|-
!21
|[[Mysore Lok Sabha constituency|Mysore]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Yaduveer Krishnadatta Chamaraja Wadiyar|Yaduveer Wadiyar]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|M Lakshman
|-
!22
|[[Chamarajanagar Lok Sabha constituency|Chamarajanagar]] (SC)
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|S. Balaraj
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Sunil Bose]]
|-
!23
|[[Bangalore Rural Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore Rural]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[C. N. Manjunath]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[D. K. Suresh]]
|-
!24
|[[Bangalore North Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore North]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Shobha Karandlaje]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Rajeev Gowda]]
|-
!25
|[[Bangalore Central Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore Central]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[P. C. Mohan]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Mansoor Ali Khan
|-
!26
|[[Bangalore South Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore South]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Tejasvi Surya]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Soumya Reddy]]
|-
!27
|[[Chikballapur Lok Sabha constituency|Chikballapur]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[K. Sudhakar (politician)|K. Sudhakar]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Raksha Ramaiah
|-
!28
|[[Kolar Lok Sabha constituency|Kolar]] (SC)
|{{party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|M Mallesh Babu
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|K V Gowtham
|-
|}

==Campaign==
The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'s (BJP) Karnataka campaign kicked off in March 2024, a month before going to polls. It was announced that Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] would visit [[Gulbarga Lok Sabha constituency|Gulbarga]], the constituency represented by [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) President [[Mallikarjun Kharge]] twice in the past.<ref>{{cite news |title=PM to launch BJP's poll campaign in Karnataka today with rally in Congress President Kharge's home turf |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/pm-to-launch-bjps-poll-campaign-in-karnataka-on-march-16-with-rally-in-congress-prez-kharges-home-turf-2938032 |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> It was earlier reported that he would participate in four rallies between 15 and 19 March, starting in [[Kolar, Karnataka|Kolar]].<ref>{{cite news |title=With 4 rallies, PM Modi to kick off BJP’s campaign in Karnataka this week |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/with-4-rallies-pm-modi-to-kick-off-bjps-campaign-in-karnataka-this-week-9209060 |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=The Indian Express |date=12 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref> He addressed a gathering in [[Kalaburagi]] (formerly Gulbarga) on 16 March to kick off the campaign. Modi alleged widespread corruption in Karnataka and stated: "Bad governance, disorder and anarchy start spreading in all directions when the entire capital of the entire State is being used for filling the belly, pockets and treasury of a few people. Congress had promised free electricity, but people got power cut and darkness. Farmers are asking how their pump sets in the field would operate when there is no power supply."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Buradikatti |first1=Kumar |title=Modi launches LS campaign in Karnataka on home turf of Congress president |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/prime-minister-narendra-modi-launches-lok-sabha-campaign-in-karnataka-on-home-turf-of-congress-president-mallikarjun-kharge/article67958128.ece |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=16 March 2024 |language=en-IN |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Former Chief Minister of Karnataka and BJP leader [[B. S. Yediyurappa]] predicted that the [[National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) would win all 28 seats from the State.<ref>{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=BJP-JD(S) alliance will win all 28 seats in Karnataka, says Yediyurappa and welcomes Deve Gowda’s support |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/bjp-jds-alliance-will-win-all-28-seats-in-karnataka-says-yediyurappa-and-welcomes-deve-gowdas-support/article67998983.ece |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=27 March 2024 |language=en-IN |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Former Prime Minister and leader of the [[Janata Dal (Secular)]], which is a part of the NDA, [[H. D. Deve Gowda]], also participated in the campaigns.<ref>{{cite news |title=At 91, HD Deve Gowda persists with tireless canvassing |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/at-91-hd-deve-gowda-persists-with-tireless-canvassing/articleshow/109470608.cms |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=21 April 2024}}</ref>

The INC, in March 2024, constituted a three-member campaign committee for Karnataka, which included [[Vinay Kumar Sorake]], [[L. Hanumanthaiah]] and [[Rizwan Arshad]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Lok Sabha polls: Congress appoints five working presidents and forms 3-member campaign committee in Karnataka |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/karnataka/lok-sabha-polls-congress-appoints-five-working-presidents-and-forms-3-member-campaign-committee-in-karnataka/articleshow/108736115.cms |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=The Economic Times |date=23 March 2024}}</ref> The incumbent Chief Minister of Karnataka, [[Siddaramaiah]], of the INC, campaigned focusing on the constituencies of [[Mysore Lok Sabha constituency|Mysore–Kodagu]] and [[Chamarajanagar Lok Sabha constituency|Chamarajanagar]] for his party. He predicted that his party would win up to 20 seats and directed criticism at the BJP over "hike in price of petrol, diesel and domestic gas."<ref>{{cite news |title=Karnataka CM Siddaramaiah appeals for big lead for Congress in Varuna to help him emerge stronger |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/karnataka/karnataka-cm-siddaramaiah-appeals-for-big-lead-for-congress-in-varuna-to-help-him-emerge-stronger/articleshow/108950466.cms |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=The Economic Times |date=1 April 2024}}</ref> Former INC President [[Rahul Gandhi]] addressed a gathering in [[Mandya]] and stated that the elections was a "a fight between two ideologies." He criticized the BJP over the [[Electoral Bond]] issue, terming it a form of "extortion".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raj |first1=Gayathri V. |title=Rahul Gandhi hits campaign trail in Karnataka, holds first rally in Mandya |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/india/rahul-gandhi-hits-campaign-trail-in-karnataka-holds-first-rally-in-mandya-2982505 |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> On the day of phase two polls, he addressed two public meetings in the northern Karnataka that was to go for polls on 7 May, and termed the BJP as "Bharatiya Chombu Party"; ''Chombu'' in Kannada meant a round water pot, to convey emptiness and deception. He accused the party of not giving Karnataka its drought relief amounting to {{INR}}18,000 crore, and the {{INR}}60,000 crore mandated by the [[Finance Commission]], and gave "chombu" instead.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rahul Gandhi holds empty pot at Karnataka rally, takes ‘Chombu’ swipe at Narendra Modi's BJP |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rahul-gandhi-holds-empty-pot-at-karnataka-rally-takes-chombu-swipe-at-narendra-modis-bjp-101714142229822.html |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=Hindustan Times |date=26 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Surveys and polls==
===Opinion polls===
{{#section-h:Opinion polling for the 2024 Indian general election|Karnataka (28)}}

===Exit polls===
{{#section-h:Opinion polling for the 2024 Indian general election|Karnataka}}

==Voter turnout==
===Phase wise===
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;
!Phase
!Poll date
!Constituencies
!Voter turnout (%)
|-
!II
|26 April 2024
|Udupi Chikmagalur, Hassan, Dakshina Kannada, Chitradurga, Tumkur, Mandya, Mysore, Chamarajanagar, Bangalore Rural, Bangalore North, Bangalore Central, Bangalore South, Chikkballapur, Kolar
|{{center|69.56%}}
|-
!III
|7 May 2024
|Chikkodi, Belgaum, Bagalkot, Bijapur, Gulbarga, Raichur, Bidar, Koppal, Bellary, Haveri, Dharwad, Uttara Kannada, Davanagere, Shimoga
|{{center|71.84%}}
|-
!colspan="3"|Total
!70.64%
|}

===Constituency wise===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="2" |Constituency
! Poll date
! Turnout
! Swing
|-
!1
|[[Chikkodi Lok Sabha constituency|Chikkodi]]
|rowspan="14" bgcolor=#7B68EE|7 May 2024
|78.66%
|data-sort-value=3.04|3.04%{{Increase}}
|-
!2
|[[Belgaum Lok Sabha constituency|Belgaum]]
|71.49%
|data-sort-value=3.65|3.65%{{Increase}}
|-
!3
|[[Bagalkot Lok Sabha constituency|Bagalkot]]
|72.66%
|data-sort-value=1.96|1.96%{{Increase}}
|-
!4
|[[Bijapur Lok Sabha constituency|Bijapur]] (SC)
|66.32%
|data-sort-value=4.43|4.43%{{Increase}}
|-
!5
|[[Gulbarga Lok Sabha constituency|Gulbarga]] (SC)
|62.25%
|data-sort-value=1.07|1.07%{{Increase}}
|-
!6
|[[Raichur Lok Sabha constituency|Raichur]] (ST)
|64.66%
|data-sort-value=6.32|6.32%{{Increase}}
|-
!7
|[[Bidar Lok Sabha constituency|Bidar]]
|65.47%
|data-sort-value=2.47|2.47%{{Increase}}
|-
!8
|[[Koppal Lok Sabha constituency|Koppal]]
|70.99%
|data-sort-value=2.43|2.43%{{Increase}}
|-
!9
|[[Bellary Lok Sabha constituency|Bellary]] (ST)
|73.59%
|data-sort-value=3.83|3.83%{{Increase}}
|-
!10
|[[Haveri Lok Sabha constituency|Haveri]]
|77.60%
|data-sort-value=3.39|3.39%{{Increase}}
|-
!11
|[[Dharwad Lok Sabha constituency|Dharwad]]
|74.37%
|data-sort-value=4.08|4.08%{{Increase}}
|-
!12
|[[Uttara Kannada Lok Sabha constituency|Uttara Kannada]]
|76.53%
|data-sort-value=2.37|2.37%{{Increase}}
|-
!13
|[[Davanagere Lok Sabha constituency|Davanagere]]
|76.99%
|data-sort-value=3.80|3.80%{{Increase}}
|-
!14
|[[Shimoga Lok Sabha constituency|Shimoga]]
|78.33%
|data-sort-value=1.75|1.75%{{Increase}}
|-
!15
|[[Udupi Chikmagalur Lok Sabha constituency|Udupi Chikmagalur]]
|rowspan="14" bgcolor=#87CEFA|26 April 2024
|77.15%
|data-sort-value=1.08|1.08%{{Increase}}
|-
!16
|[[Hassan Lok Sabha constituency|Hassan]]
|77.68%
|data-sort-value=0.33|0.33%{{Increase}}
|-
!17
|[[Dakshina Kannada Lok Sabha constituency|Dakshina Kannada]]
|77.56%
|data-sort-value=-0.43|0.43%{{Decrease}}
|-
!18
|[[Chitradurga Lok Sabha constituency|Chitradurga]] (SC)
|73.30%
|data-sort-value=2.50|2.50%{{Increase}}
|-
!19
|[[Tumkur Lok Sabha constituency|Tumkur]]
|78.05%
|data-sort-value=0.62|0.62%{{Increase}}
|-
!20
|[[Mandya Lok Sabha constituency|Mandya]]
|81.67%
|data-sort-value=1.08|1.08%{{Increase}}
|-
!21
|[[Mysore Lok Sabha constituency|Mysore]]
|70.62%
|data-sort-value=1.11|1.11%{{Increase}}
|-
!22
|[[Chamarajanagar Lok Sabha constituency|Chamarajanagar]] (SC)
|76.82%
|data-sort-value=1.47|1.47%{{Increase}}
|-
!23
|[[Bangalore Rural Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore Rural]]
|68.30%
|data-sort-value=3.32|3.32%{{Increase}}
|-
!24
|[[Bangalore North Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore North]]
|54.45%
|data-sort-value=-0.31|0.31%{{Decrease}}
|-
!25
|[[Bangalore Central Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore Central]]
|54.06%
|data-sort-value=-0.26|0.26%{{Decrease}}
|-
!26
|[[Bangalore South Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore South]]
|53.17%
|data-sort-value=-0.53|0.53%{{Decrease}}
|-
!27
|[[Chikballapur Lok Sabha constituency|Chikballapur]]
|76.98%
|data-sort-value=0.26|0.26%{{Increase}}
|-
!28
|[[Kolar Lok Sabha constituency|Kolar]] (SC)
|78.27%
|data-sort-value=1.02|1.02%{{Increase}}
|-
! colspan="3" |
|70.64%
|1.83%{{Increase}}
|}

==Results==
===Results by alliance or party===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="4" rowspan="2"|Alliance/ Party
!colspan="3"|Popular vote
!colspan="3"|Seats
|-
!Votes
!%
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]
!Contested
!Won
!'''+/−'''
|-
|rowspan="3" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}
!rowspan="3"style="background:#fef3e8"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|17,797,699
|46.06
|{{decrease}} 5.69
|25
|17
|{{decrease}} 8
|-
|{{Party color cell|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD(S)]]
|2,163,203
|5.60
|{{decrease}} 4.14
|3
|2
|{{increase}} 1
|-
|colspan="2"style="background:#fef3e8"|Total
|style="background:#fef3e8"|19,960,902
|style="background:#fef3e8"|51.66
|style="background:#fef3e8"|{{decrease}} 1.55
|style="background:#fef3e8"|28
|style="background:#fef3e8"|19
|style="background:#fef3e8"|{{decrease}} 7
|-
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
!style="background:#E5F8FF"|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|17,554,381
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|45.43
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|{{increase}} 13.32
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|28
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|9
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|{{increase}} 8
|-
|{{Party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
|colspan="3"|[[Independent (politician)|Others]]
|906,384
|2.35
|{{decrease}} 2.75
|28
|0
|{{decrease}} 1
|-
|bgcolor="Black"|
|colspan="3"|[[None of the above (India)|NOTA]]
|217,456
|0.56
|{{decrease}} 0.16
!colspan="3" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
!colspan="4"|Total
!38,639,123
!100%
! {{Steady}}
!28
!28
! {{Steady}}
|-
|}

===Results by constituency===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Constituency
! rowspan="2" |Turnout
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner-up
! colspan="2" |Margin
|-
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!data-sort-type=number|Votes
!%
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!data-sort-type=number|Votes
!%
!Votes
![[Percentage point|pp]]
|-
!1
|[[Chikkodi Lok Sabha constituency|Chikkodi]]
|78.81 {{Increase}}
|[[Priyanka Jarkiholi]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|713,461
|51.21
|[[Annasaheb Jolle]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|622,627
|44.69
|style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|90,834
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|6.52
|-
!2
|[[Belgaum Lok Sabha constituency|Belgaum]]
|71.79 {{Increase}}
|[[Jagadish Shettar]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|762,029
|55.06
|Mrinal Ravindra Hebbalkar
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|583,592
|42.17
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|178,437
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|12.89
|-
!3
|[[Bagalkot Lok Sabha constituency|Bagalkot]]
|72.91 {{Increase}}
|[[P. C. Gaddigoudar]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|671,039
|50.93
|Samyukta S Patil
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|602,640
|45.74
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|68,399
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|5.19
|-
!4
|[[Bijapur Lok Sabha constituency|Bijapur]] (SC)
|66.59 {{Increase}}
|[[Ramesh Jigajinagi]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|672,781
|51.91
|Raju Alagur
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|595,552
|45.95
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|77,229
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|5.96
|-
!5
|[[Gulbarga Lok Sabha constituency|Gulbarga]] (SC)
|62.48 {{Increase}}
|[[Radhakrishna (politician)|Radhakrishna Doddamani]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|652,321
|49.78
|[[Umesh. G. Jadhav]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|625,116
|47.70
|style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|27,205
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|2.08
|-
!6
|[[Raichur Lok Sabha constituency|Raichur]] (ST)
|64.90 {{Increase}}
|[[G Kumar Naik]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|670,966
|51.63
|[[Raja Amareshwara Naik]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|591,185
|45.49
|style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|79,781
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|6.14
|-
!7
|[[Bidar Lok Sabha constituency|Bidar]]
|65.62 {{Increase}}
|[[Sagar Eshwar Khandre]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|666,317
|53.63
|[[Bhagwanth Khuba]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|537,442
|43.26
|style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|128,875
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|10.37
|-
!8
|[[Koppal Lok Sabha constituency|Koppal]]
|71.23 {{Increase}}
|[[K. Rajashekar Basavaraj Hitnal]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|663,511
|49.93
|Basavaraj Kyavator
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|617,154
|46.44
|style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|46,357
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|3.49
|-
!9
|[[Bellary Lok Sabha constituency|Bellary]] (ST)
|73.76 {{Increase}}
|[[E. Tukaram]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|730,845
|52.58
|[[B. Sriramulu]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|631,853
|45.46
|style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|98,992
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|7.12
|-
!10
|[[Haveri Lok Sabha constituency|Haveri]]
|77.86 {{Increase}}
|[[Basavaraj Bommai]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|705,538
|50.55
|Anandswamy Gaddadevara Math
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|662,025
|47.43
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|43,513
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|3.12
|-
!11
|[[Dharwad Lok Sabha constituency|Dharwad]]
|74.51 {{Increase}}
|[[Pralhad Joshi]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|716,231
|52.41
|Vinod Asooti
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|618,907
|45.29
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|97,324
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|7.12
|-
!12
|[[Uttara Kannada Lok Sabha constituency|Uttara Kannada]]
|76.80 {{Increase}}
|[[Vishweshwar Hegde Kageri]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|782,495
|61.97
|[[Anjali Nimbalkar]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|445,067
|35.25
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|337,428
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|26.72
|-
!13
|[[Davanagere Lok Sabha constituency|Davanagere]]
|77.27 {{Increase}}
|[[Prabha Mallikarjun]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|633,059
|47.95
|Gayithri Siddeshwara
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|606,965
|45.97
|style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;" | 26,094
|style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;" |1.98
|-
!14
|[[Shimoga Lok Sabha constituency|Shimoga]]
|78.61 {{Increase}}
|[[B. Y. Raghavendra]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|778,721
|56.54
|[[Geeta Shivarajkumar]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|535,006
|38.85
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|243,715
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|17.69
|-
!15
|[[Udupi Chikmagalur Lok Sabha constituency|Udupi Chikmagalur]]
|77.63 {{Increase}}
|[[Kota Srinivas Poojary]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|732,234
|59.56
|[[K. Jayaprakash Hegde]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|473,059
|38.48
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|259,175
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|21.08
|-
!16
|[[Hassan Lok Sabha constituency|Hassan]]
|78.06 {{Increase}}
|[[Shreyas. M. Patel]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|672,988
|49.67
|[[Prajwal Revanna]]
|{{party name with colour|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|630,339
|46.52
|style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|42,649
|style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;" |3.15
|-
!17
|[[Dakshina Kannada Lok Sabha constituency|Dakshina Kannada]]
|78.02 {{Increase}}
|[[Brijesh Chowta]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|764,132
|53.97
|Padmaraj
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|614,924
|43.43
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|149,208
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|10.54
|-
!18
|[[Chitradurga Lok Sabha constituency|Chitradurga]] (SC)
|73.65 {{Increase}}
|[[Govind Karjol]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|684,890
|50.11
|[[B. N. Chandrappa]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|636,769
|46.58
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|48,121
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|3.53
|-
!19
|[[Tumkur Lok Sabha constituency|Tumkur]]
|78.49 {{Increase}}
|[[V. Somanna]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|720,946
|55.31
|[[S. P. Muddahanumegowda]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|545,352
|41.84
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|175,594
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|13.47
|-
!20
|[[Mandya Lok Sabha constituency|Mandya]]
|82.05 {{Increase}}
|[[H.D. Kumaraswamy]]
|{{party name with colour|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|851,881
|58.34
|Venkataramane Gowda
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|567,261
|38.85
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ;color:white;"|284,620
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ;color:white;"|19.49
|-
!21
|[[Mysore Lok Sabha constituency|Mysore]]
|70.96 {{Increase}}
|[[Yaduveer Krishnadatta Chamaraja Wadiyar|Yaduveer Wadiyar]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|795,503
|53.59
|M Lakshman
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|656,241
|44.21
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ;color:white;"|139,262
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ;color:white;"|9.38
|-
!22
|[[Chamarajanagar Lok Sabha constituency|Chamarajanagar]] (SC)
|77.04 {{Increase}}
|[[Sunil Bose]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|751,671
|54.87
|S. Balaraj
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|562,965
|41.10
|style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|188,706
|style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;" |13.77
|-
!23
|[[Bangalore Rural Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore Rural]]
|68.52 {{Increase}}
|[[C. N. Manjunath]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,079,002
|56.21
|[[D. K. Suresh]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|809,355
|42.16
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|269,647
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|14.05
|-
!24
|[[Bangalore North Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore North]]
|54.64 {{Decrease}}
|[[Shobha Karandlaje]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|986,049
|56.27
|[[Rajeev Gowda]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|726,573
|41.46
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|259,476
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|14.81
|-
!25
|[[Bangalore Central Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore Central]]
|54.16 {{Decrease}}
|[[P. C. Mohan]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|658,915
|50.05
|Mansoor Ali Khan
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|626,208
|47.57
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|32,707
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|2.48
|-
!26
|[[Bangalore South Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore South]]
|53.38 {{Decrease}}
|[[Tejasvi Surya]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|750,830
|60.10
|[[Soumya Reddy]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|473,747
|37.92
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|277,083
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|22.18
|-
!27
|[[Chikballapur Lok Sabha constituency|Chikkballapur]]
|77.26 {{Increase}}
|[[K. Sudhakar (politician)|K. Sudhakar]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|822,619
|53.74
|Raksha Ramaiah
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|659,159
|43.06
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|163,460
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|10.68
|-
!28
|[[Kolar Lok Sabha constituency|Kolar]] (SC)
|78.51 {{Increase}}
|[[M. Mallesh Babu]]
|{{party name with colour|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|691,481
|51.02
|K V Gowtham
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|620,093
|45.76
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|71,388
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|5.26
|-
|}

=== Assembly Segment wise leads ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Constituency
! colspan="4" |Winner
! colspan="4" |Runner-up
!rowspan="2"data-sort-type="number"|Margin
|-
!#
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!data-sort-type="number" |Votes
!%
! colspan="2" |Party
!data-sort-type="number" |Votes
!%
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Chikkodi Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|1
|[[Nippani Assembly constituency|Nippani]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,06,050
|56.35
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76,928
|41.01
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |29,122
|-
|2
|[[Chikkodi Sadalga Assembly constituency|Chikkodi-Sadalga]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|97,159
|50.39
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|80,569
|43.44
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | 16,500
|-
|3
|[[Athani Assembly constituency|Athani]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|96,041
|50.79
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|87,376
|46.21
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |8,665
|-
|4
|[[Kagwad Assembly constituency|Kagwad]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|84,075
|51.93
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|72,877
|45.01
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |11,198
|-
|5
|[[Kudachi Assembly constituency|Kudachi (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|84,158
|54.94
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61,570
|40.20
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |22,588
|-
|6
|[[Raybag Assembly constituency|Raybag (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|79,821
|47.43
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|73,002
|43.37
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |6,819
|-
|7
|[[Hukkeri Assembly constituency|Hukkeri]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|85,226
|50.50
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|77,642
|46.01
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |7,584
|-
|10
|[[Yemkanmardi Assembly constituency|Yemkanmardi (ST)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|94,542
|55.14
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,955
|41.96
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |22,587
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Belgaum Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|8
|[[Arabhavi Assembly constituency|Arabhavi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,01,114
|54.44
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|79,639
|42.88
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |21,475
|-
|9
|[[Gokak Assembly constituency|Gokak]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,02,519
|55.20
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|78,622
|42.34
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |23,897
|-
|11
|[[Belgaum Uttar Assembly constituency|Belgaum Uttar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,938
|49.73
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|81,537
|48.30
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |2,401
|-
|12
|[[Belgaum Dakshin Assembly constituency|Belgaum Dakshin]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,19,249
|69.39
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|46,029
|26.78
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |73,220
|-
|13
|[[Belgaum Rural Assembly constituency|Belgaum Rural]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,24,790
|60.74
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,441
|36.18
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |50,529
|-
|16
|[[Bailhongal Assembly constituency|Bailhongal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|82,015
|56.10
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|60,618
|41.46
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |21,396
|-
|17
|[[Saundatti Yellamma Assembly constituency|Saundatti Yellamma]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|84,888
|54.07
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67,937
|43.27
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |16,951
|-
|18
|[[Ramdurg Assembly constituency|Ramdurg]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|75,123
|48.65
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|74,729
|48.40
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |394
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Bagalkot Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|19
|[[Mudhol Assembly constituency|Mudhol (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|84,357
|52.84
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,199
|43.97
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |14,158
|-
|20
|[[Terdal Assembly constituency|Terdal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|93,604
|50.91
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|84,467
|45.99
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |9,137
|-
|21
|[[Jamkhandi Assembly constituency|Mudhol]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,660
|49.98
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|77,889
|47.61
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |3,871
|-
|22
|[[Bilgi Assembly constituency|Bilgi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,063
|50.21
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|81,162
|46.28
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |6,901
|-
|23
|[[Badami Assembly constituency|Badami]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,075
|51.11
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|72,893
|44.84
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |10,182
|-
|24
|[[Bagalkot Assembly constituency|Bagalkot]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,115
|52.58
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,093
|44.21
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |14,022
|-
|25
|[[Hungund Assembly constituency|Hungund]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,323
|51.48
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|69,969
|45.07
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |9,354
|-
|68
|[[Nargund Assembly constituency|Nargund]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,169
|48.53
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|69,244
|47.89
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |925
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Bijapur Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|26
|[[Muddebihal Assembly constituency|Muddebihal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|72,650
|50.15
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|68,688
|47.42
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |3,962
|-
|27
|[[Devar Hippargi Assembly constituency|Devar Hippargi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|72,549
|51.92
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|63,543
|45.46
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |9,026
|-
|28
|[[Basavana Bagewadi Assembly constituency|Basavana Bagewadi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,916
|54.28
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|66,363
|43.01
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |17,553
|-
|29
|[[Babaleshwar Assembly constituency|Babaleshwar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,002
|49.81
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|75,651
|47.70
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |3,351
|-
|30
|[[Bijapur City Assembly constituency|Bijapur City]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|92,984
|52.14
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,714
|46.87
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |9,270
|-
|31
|[[Nagthan Assembly constituency|Nagthan (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|96,158
|49.81
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|84,373
|45.72
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |11,785
|-
|32
|[[Indi Assembly constituency|Indi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,064
|56.61
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|69,340
|41.29
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |25,724
|-
|33
|[[Sindagi Assembly constituency|Sindagi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|96,158
|53.24
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|84,373
|44.79
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |13,647
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Gulbarga Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|34
|[[Afzalpur Assembly constituency|Afzalpur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|85,929
|55.42
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|65,300
|42.11
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |20,629
|-
|35
|[[Jevargi Assembly constituency|Jevargi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,703
|50.23
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,677
|47.06
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |5,026
|-
|39
|[[Gurmitkal Assembly constituency|Gurmitkal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|82,642
|52.92
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|66,240
|42.42
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |16,222
|-
|40
|[[Chittapur Assembly constituency|Chittapur (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|80,756
|53.97
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|64,416
|43.05
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |16,340
|-
|41
|[[Sedam Assembly constituency|Sedam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|81,992
|51.46
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|72,785
|45.68
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |9,207
|-
|43
|[[Gulbarga Rural Assembly constituency|Gulbarga Rural (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|81,826
|49.38
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,749
|48.12
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |2,077
|-
|44
|[[Gulbarga Dakshin Assembly constituency|Gulbarga Dakshin]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|87,078
|52.00
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|77,790
|46.45
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |9,288
|-
|45
|[[Gulbarga Uttar Assembly constituency|Gulbarga]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,22,042
|62.82
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,713
|36.19
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |51,729
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Raichur Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|36
|[[Shorapur Assembly constituency|Shorapur (ST)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,12,463
|52.67
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,903
|45.91
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |16,560
|-
|37
|[[Shahapur, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Shahapur]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|78,050
|51.70
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|68,465
|45.35
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |9,585
|-
|38
|[[Yadgir Assembly constituency|Yadgir]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|75,705
|50.26
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|69,883
|46.46
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |5,922
|-
|52
|[[Raichur Rural Assembly constituency|Raichur Rural (ST)]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,233
|49.97
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|78,272
|46.99
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |4,961
|-
|54
|[[Raichur Assembly constituency|Raichur]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|78,844
|52.28
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|69,595
|46.14
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |9,249
|-
|55
|[[Manvi Assembly constituency|Manvi (ST)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|76,641
|49.95
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|72,979
|47.56
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |3,662
|-
|48
|[[Devadurga Assembly constituency|Devadurga (ST)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|80,923
|55.55
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|58,584
|40.24
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |22,339
|-
|63
|[[Lingsugur Assembly constituency|Lingsugur]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|88,515
|53.91
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,091
|42.68
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |18,424
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Bidar Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|42
|[[Chincholi Assembly constituency|Chincholi (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,360
|50.30
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61,445
|45.88
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |5,905
|-
|46
|[[Aland Assembly constituency|Aland]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|78,209
|52.62
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|65,273
|43.92
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |12,936
|-
|47
|[[Basavakalyan Assembly constituency|Basavakalyan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|82,618
|51.34
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|73,161
|45.47
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |9,457
|-
|48
|[[Humnabad Assembly constituency|Humnabad]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|96,009
|56.46
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|69,087
|40.63
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |26,522
|-
|49
|[[Bidar South Assembly constituency|Bidar South]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|90,776
|61.05
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53,956
|36.29
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |36,820
|-
|50
|[[Bidar Assembly constituency|Bidar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|94,247
|59.32
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61,770
|38.88
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |32,477
|-
|51
|[[Bhalki Assembly constituency|Bhalki]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|89,180
|53.44
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|72,437
|43.40
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |16,743
|-
|52
|[[Aurad Assembly constituency|Aurad]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|79,699
|52.58
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|65,701
|43.34
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |13,998
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Koppal Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|58
|[[Sindhanur Assembly constituency|Sindhanur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,785
|50.02
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|76,194
|46.60
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |5,591
|-
|59
|[[Maski Assembly constituency|Maski (ST)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|69,028
|49.46
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|64,420
|46.16
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |4,548
|-
|61
|[[Kushtagi Assembly constituency|Kushtagi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,331
|48.44
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|79,496
|47.35
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |1,835
|-
|61
|[[Kanakagiri Assembly constituency|Kanakagiri (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|83,944
|49.46
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,506
|46.16
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |7,348
|-
|62
|[[Gangavati Assembly constituency|Gangavati]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|84,199
|53.26
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|69,045
|43.67
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |15,154
|-
|63
|[[Yelburga Assembly constituency|Yelburga]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|82,491
|45.27
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|80,414
|42.10
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |2,077
|-
|64
|[[Koppal Assembly constituency|Koppal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|99,043
|50.43
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|91,695
|46.69
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |7,348
|-
|92
|[[Siruguppa Assembly constituency|Siruguppa (ST)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|87,526
|54.56
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|66,610
|41.52
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |20,916
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Bellary Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|88
|[[Hadagalli Assembly constituency|Hadagalli (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|76,486
|51.87
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|68,229
|46.19
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |8,257
|-
|89
|[[Hagaribommanahalli Assembly constituency|Hagaribommanahalli (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|97,103
|52.37
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|84,903
|45.79
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |12,200
|-
|90
|[[Vijayanagara Assembly constituency|Vijayanagara]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|90,120
|49.21
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|89,955
|49.12
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |165
|-
|91
|[[Kampli Assembly constituency|Kampli (ST)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|91,047
|51.48
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,468
|46.07
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |9,579
|-
|93
|[[Bellary Assembly constituency|Bellary (ST)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,01,434
|56.25
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|75,556
|41.90
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |25,878
|-
|94
|[[Bellary City Assembly constituency|Bellary City]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|94,628
|53.27
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|80,247
|45.17
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |14,381
|-
|95
|[[Sandur Assembly constituency|Sandur (ST)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|95,936
|54.91
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|74,783
|42.84
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |21,153
|-
|96
|[[Kudligi Assembly constituency|Kudligi (ST)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|82,992
|51.57
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|74,447
|46.26
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |8,545
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Haveri Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|65
|[[Shirahatti Assembly constituency|Shirahatti]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|84,174
|50.89
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|77,238
|46.69
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |6,936
|-
|66
|[[Gadag Assembly constituency|Gadag]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,717
|52.00
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|78,208
|45.84
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |10,509
|-
|67
|[[Ron Assembly constituency|Ron]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|86,576
|49.48
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|83,267
|47.59
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |3,309
|-
|82
|[[Hangal Assembly constituency|Hangal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|92,124
|51.86
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|83,200
|46.79
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |8,924
|-
|84
|[[Haveri Assembly constituency|Haveri]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|90,382
|49.05
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|89,993
|48.84
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |389
|-
|85
|[[Byadgi Assembly constituency|Bydagi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,959
|51.82
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|81,767
|46.90
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |7,192
|-
|86
|[[Hirekerur Assembly constituency|Hirekerur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|86,050
|55.33
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,330
|43.29
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |18,720
|-
|84
|[[Ranebennur Assembly constituency|Ranebennur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,452
|50.85
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|88,943
|47.38
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |6,509
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Dharwad Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|69
|[[Navalgund Assembly constituency|Navalgund]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|88,202
|53.79
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,990
|43.30
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |17,212
|-
|70
|[[Kundgol Assembly constituency|Kundgol]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|75,544
|49.19
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|73,884
|48.11
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |1,660
|-
|71
|[[Dharwad Assembly constituency|Dharwad]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|93,542
|54.91
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|72,226
|42.39
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |21,316
|-
|72
|[[Hubli-Dharwad East Assembly constituency|Hubli-Dharwad East (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|93,873
|57.44
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67,097
|41.06
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |26,776
|-
|73
|[[Hubli-Dharwad Central Assembly constituency|Hubli-Dharwad Central]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,13,678
|63.59
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|62,360
|34.88
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |51,388
|-
|74
|[[Hubli-Dharwad West Assembly constituency|Hubli-Dharwad West]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,13,086
|60.18
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|71,498
|38.05
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |41,588
|-
|75
|[[Kalghatgi Assembly constituency|Kalghatgi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|96,402
|58.58
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|63,665
|38.69
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |32,737
|-
|83
|[[Shiggaon Assembly constituency|Shiggaon]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|91,908
|51.04
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,310
|46.26
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |8,598
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Uttara Kannada Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|14
|[[Khanapur, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Khanapur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,07,978
|66.63
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|48,148
|29.71
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |59,830
|-
|15
|[[Kittur Assembly constituency|Kittur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|92,445
|60.51
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|56,203
|36.78
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |36,242
|-
|76
|[[Haliyal Assembly constituency|Haliyal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,426
|59.18
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|54,546
|38.69
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |28,880
|-
|77
|[[Karwar Assembly constituency|Karwar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,13,317
|68.42
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|47,889
|28.91
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |65,489
|-
|78
|[[Kumta Assembly constituency|Kumta]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|97,928
|66.47
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44,435
|30.16
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |53,493
|-
|79
|[[Bhatkal Assembly constituency|Bhatkal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,00,288
|57.94
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,885
|39.22
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |32,403
|-
|80
|[[Sirsi Assembly constituency|Sirsi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,00,252
|60.79
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|60,124
|36.45
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |40,528
|-
|97
|[[Yellapur Assembly constituency|Yellapur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|82,453
|55.41
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|64,066
|42.89
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |18,387
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Davanagere Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|103
|[[Jagalur Assembly constituency|Jagalur (ST)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|76,129
|49.46
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67,164
|43.63
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |8,965
|-
|104
|[[Harapanahalli Assembly constituency|Harapanahalli]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,501
|47.23
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|77,406
|44.86
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |4,095
|-
|105
|[[Harihar Assembly constituency|Harihar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|80,937
|47.97
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76,298
|45.22
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |4,639
|-
|106
|[[Davanagere North Assembly constituency|Davangere North]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|97,064
|54.46
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|72,076
|40.44
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |24,988
|-
|107
|[[Davanagere South Assembly constituency|Davanagere South]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|84,621
|54.60
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62,777
|40.50
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |21,844
|-
|108
|[[Mayakonda Assembly constituency|Mayakonda (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|78,541
|48.52
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|75,265
|46.49
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |2,976
|-
|109
|[[Channagiri Assembly constituency|Channagiri]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|82,266
|51.04
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|72,169
|44.77
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |10,097
|-
|110
|[[Honnali Assembly constituency|Honnali]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|79,477
|49.46
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|72,293
|43.63
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |7,184
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Shimoga Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|111
|[[Shimoga Rural Assembly constituency|Shimoga Rural]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,06,243
|58.10
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|66,575
|36.40
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |39,688
|-
|112
|[[Bhadravati Assembly constituency|Bhadravati]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|84,208
|54.03
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|65,105
|41.77
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |19,043
|-
|113
|[[Shimoga Assembly constituency|Shimoga]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,06,243
|55.26
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|71,179
|37.01
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |35,090
|-
|114
|[[Tirthahalli Assembly constituency|Tirthahalli]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|92,993
|58.10
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|57,444
|36.48
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |35,549
|-
|115
|[[Shikaripura Assembly constituency|Shikaripura]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|87,143
|51.68
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|75,672
|44.88
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |11,481
|-
|116
|[[Sorab Assembly constituency|Sorab]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,170
|54.02
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,233
|43.03
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |17,937
|-
|117
|[[Sagar, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Sagar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,209
|56.44
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|68,690
|40.72
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |26,519
|-
|118
|[[Byndoor Assembly constituency|Byndoor]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,15,486
|62.85
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|58,724
|31.95
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |56,762
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Udupi Chikmagalur Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|119
|[[Kundapura Assembly constituency|Kundapura]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,07,173
|64.11
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|57,078
|34.05
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |50,095
|-
|120
|[[Udupi Assembly constituency|Udupi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,06,489
|61.81
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|62,748
|36.42
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |43,741
|-
|121
|[[Kapu Assembly constituency|Kapu]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|91,077
|59.72
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|58,947
|38.65
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |32,130
|-
|122
|[[Karkala Assembly constituency|Karkala]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|95,295
|61.81
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|54,178
|35.14
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |41,747
|-
|123
|[[Sringeri Assembly constituency|Sringeri]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|79,175
|58.35
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|53,937
|39.75
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |25,238
|-
|124
|[[Mudigere Assembly constituency|Mudigere (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|74,597
|56.09
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|54,572
|41.03
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |20,025
|-
|125
|[[Chikmagalur Assembly constituency|Chikmagalur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|92,788
|56.49
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|68,995
|42.00
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |23,793
|-
|126
|[[Tarikere Assembly constituency|Tarikere]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|80,995
|56.43
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|60,314
|42.02
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |20,681
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Hassan Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|127
|[[Kadur Assembly constituency|Kadur]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|76,369
|49.07
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,126
|47.63
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; color:white;" |2,243
|-
|193
|[[Shravanabelagola Assembly constituency|Shravanabelagola]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|81,800
|48.53
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|81,729
|48.53
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |71
|-
|194
|[[Arsikere Assembly constituency|Arsikere]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|87,126
|49.43
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|84,033
|47.67
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |3,093
|-
|195
|[[Belur Assembly constituency|Belur]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|74,240
|48.36
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|72,608
|47.30
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; color:white;" |1,632
|-
|196
|[[Hassan Assembly constituency|Hassan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|88,347
|53.88
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|68,587
|41.83
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |19,760
|-
|197
|[[Holenarasipur Assembly constituency|Holenarasipur]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|97,800
|53.39
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|80,193
|43.78
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |17,607
|-
|198
|[[Arkalgud Assembly constituency|Arkalgud]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|95,065
|51.56
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|80,637
|43.74
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |14,428
|-
|199
|[[Sakleshpur Assembly constituency|Sakleshpur]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|80,748
|49.61
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|73,402
|45.10
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; color:white;" |7,346
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Dakshina Kannada Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|200
|[[Belthangady Assembly constituency|Belthangady]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,01,408
|53.57
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|78,101
|41.26
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |23,307
|-
|201
|[[Moodabidri Assembly constituency|Moodabidri]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|92,496
|57.53
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|64,308
|40.00
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |28,188
|-
|202
|[[Mangalore City North Assembly constituency|Mangalore City North]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,08,137
|57.41
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|76,716
|40.71
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |31,421
|-
|203
|[[Mangalore City South Assembly constituency|Mangalore City South]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,537
|56.46
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|71,187
|41.26
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |24,144
|-
|204
|[[Mangalore Assembly constituency|Mangalore]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|97,933
|59.39
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|64,870
|41.57
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |33,063
|-
|205
|[[Bantwal Assembly constituency|Bantwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|94,679
|50.53
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|88,686
|47.33
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |5,993
|-
|206
|[[Puttur Assembly constituency|Puttur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,00,247
|57.04
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|71,557
|40.71
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |28,690
|-
|207
|[[Sullia Assembly constituency|Sullia (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,02,762
|59.29
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|63,615
|36.69
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |39,147
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Chitradurga Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|97
|[[Molakalmuru Assembly constituency|Molakalmuru (ST)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,04,262
|54.89
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|78,137
|41.14
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |26,125
|-
|98
|[[Challakere Assembly constituency|Challakere (ST)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|80,499
|49.31
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76,974
|47.15
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |3,825
|-
|99
|[[Chitradurga Assembly constituency|Chitradurga]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,01,430
|53.57
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|83,547
|44.12
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |17,883
|-
|100
|[[Hiriyur Assembly constituency|Hiriyur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|88,794
|50.07
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|82,597
|46.58
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |6,197
|-
|101
|[[Hosadurga Assembly constituency|Hosadurga (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|76,252
|51.55
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|66,565
|45.00
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |9,687
|-
|102
|[[Holalkere Assembly constituency|Holalkere]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|95,991
|53.37
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|78,210
|43.84
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |17,781
|-
|136
|[[Sira Assembly constituency|Sira]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|89,847
|51.94
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|77,353
|44.72
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |12,494
|-
|137
|[[Pavagada Assembly constituency|Pavagada (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|73,792
|52.78
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|61,119
|43.71
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |12,673
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Tumkur Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|128
|[[Chikkanayakanahalli Assembly constituency|Chikkanayakanahalli]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|86,028
|50.09
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|79,619
|46.36
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |6,409
|-
|129
|[[Tiptur Assembly constituency|Tiptur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|84,950
|56.33
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|62,250
|41.28
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |22,700
|-
|130
|[[Turuvekere Assembly constituency|Turuvekere]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|93,630
|63.55
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|49,666
|33.60
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |43,964
|-
|132
|[[Tumkur City Assembly constituency|Tumkur City]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|92,336
|51.13
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|85,417
|47.29
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |6,919
|-
|133
|[[Tumkur Rural Assembly constituency|Tumkur Rural]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|99,679
|56.85
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,859
|40.41
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |28,820
|-
|134
|[[Koratagere Assembly constituency|Koratagere (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|93,446
|55.96
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,905
|40.66
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |25,541
|-
|135
|[[Gubbi Assembly constituency|Gubbi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|87,146
|57.23
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|60,656
|39.89
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |26,520
|-
|138
|[[Madhugiri Assembly constituency|Madhugiri]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|79,494
|52.47
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|66,692
|44.02
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |12,802
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Mandya Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|186
|[[Malavalli Assembly constituency|Malavalli (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|99,567
|50.82
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|90,212
|46.05
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; color:white;" |9,355
|-
|187
|[[Maddur Assembly constituency|Maddur]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|1,15,671
|64.60
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|58,993
|32.89
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; color:white;" |56,678
|-
|188
|[[Melukote Assembly constituency|Melukote]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|1,10,896
|62.52
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|61,014
|34.40
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; color:white;" |49,882
|-
|189
|[[Mandya Assembly constituency|Mandya]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|1,05,253
|59.51
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,033
|37.90
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; color:white;" |38,220
|-
|190
|[[Shrirangapattana Assembly constituency|Shrirangapattana]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|1,13,843
|61.92
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|65,254
|35.49
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; color:white;" |48,229
|-
|191
|[[Nagamangala Assembly constituency|Nagamangala]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|1,13,087
|61.67
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|66,576
|36.28
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; color:white;" |46,511
|-
|192
|[[Krishnarajpete Assembly constituency|Krishnarajpete]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|1,00,170
|55.49
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|73,648
|40.79
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; color:white;" |26,522
|-
|211
|[[Krishnarajanagara Assembly constituency|Krishnarajanagara]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|88,995
|50.52
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|82,148
|46.64
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; color:white;" |6,847
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Mysore Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|208
|[[Madikeri Assembly constituency|Madikeri]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,08,402
|60.51
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|66,994
|37.39
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |41,408
|-
|209
|[[Virajpet Assembly constituency|Virajpet]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|99,804
|58.21
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,353
|39.28
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |32,451
|-
|210
|[[Periyapatna Assembly constituency|Periyapatna]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|82,981
|52.09
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,237
|44.72
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |11,744
|-
|212
|[[Hunsur Assembly constituency|Hunsur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,266
|49.32
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|92,198
|47.79
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |3,068
|-
|215
|[[Chamundeshwari Assembly constituency|Chamundeshwari]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,43,327
|55.95
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,06,083
|41.44
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |37,244
|-
|216
|[[Krishnaraja Assembly constituency|Krishnaraja]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,04,596
|66.54
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|50,171
|31.91
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |54,425
|-
|217
|[[Chamaraja Assembly constituency|Chamaraja]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,05,480
|67.22
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|49,083
|31.28
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |56,397
|-
|218
|[[Narasimharaja Assembly constituency|Narasimharaja]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,38,876
|68.13
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62,279
|30.55
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |76,597
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Chamarajanagar Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|213
|[[Heggadadevankote Assembly constituency|Heggadadevankote (ST)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|96,735
|54.99
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|72,997
|41.50
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |23,738
|-
|214
|[[Nanjangud Assembly constituency|Nanjangud (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|92,407
|53.85
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,829
|41.86
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |20,578
|-
|219
|[[Varuna Assembly constituency|Varuna]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,07,203
|56.73
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|73,851
|39.08
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |33,352
|-
|220
|[[T. Narasipur Assembly constituency|T. Narasipur (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|76,722
|53.85
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|73,801
|41.86
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |2,921
|-
|221
|[[Hanur Assembly constituency|Hanur]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|96,210
|59.10
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59,253
|36.63
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |36,957
|-
|222
|[[Kollegal Assembly constituency|Kollegal (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|95,228
|58.13
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62,212
|37.98
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |33,016
|-
|223
|[[Chamarajanagar Assembly constituency|Chamarajanagar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|91,059
|53.56
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,733
|41.60
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |20,236
|-
|224
|[[Gundlupet Assembly constituency|Gundlupet]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|94,362
|52.95
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76,380
|42.88
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |17,982
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Bangalore Rural Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|131
|[[Kunigal Assembly constituency|Kunigal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|97,248
|56.12
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|73,410
|42.36
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |23,438
|-
|154
|[[Rajarajeshwarinagar Assembly constituency|Rajarajeshwarinagar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,88,726
|66.71
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|89,729
|31.71
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |98,997
|-
|176
|[[Bangalore South Assembly constituency|Bangalore South]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|2,55,756
|56.12
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,58,627
|37.67
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |97,129
|-
|177
|[[Anekal Assembly constituency|Anekal (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,37,693
|53.53
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,15,328
|44.83
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |22,365
|-
|182
|[[Magadi Assembly constituency|Magadi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,13,911
|56.69
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|83,938
|41.78
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |29,973
|-
|183
|[[Ramanagara Assembly constituency|Ramanagara]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|92,090
|49.25
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|91,945
|49.17
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |145
|-
|184
|[[Kanakapura Assembly constituency|Kanakpura]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,08,980
|55.34
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,303
|42.49
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |25,677
|-
|185
|[[Channapatna Assembly constituency|Channapatna]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,06,971
|56.69
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|85,357
|43.62
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |21,614
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Bangalore North Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|151
|[[K. R. Pura Assembly constituency|K. R. Pura]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,48,286
|53.37
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,23,185
|44.56
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |25,101
|-
|152
|[[Byatarayanapura Assembly constituency|Byatarayanapura]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,64,574
|54.76
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,29,523
|43.10
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |35,051
|-
|153
|[[Yeshvanthapura Assembly constituency|Yeshvanthapura]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|2,30,416
|64.81
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,16,529
|32.07
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |1,13,387
|-
|155
|[[Dasarahalli Assembly constituency|Dasarahalli]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,44,360
|64.11
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|75,166
|33.38
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |69,194
|-
|156
|[[Mahalakshmi Layout Assembly constituency|Mahalakshmi Layout]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,04,235
|66.80
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|48,439
|30.80
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |55,796
|-
|157
|[[Malleshwaram Assembly constituency|Malleshwaram]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|84,895
|68.33
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|36,442
|29.30
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |48,543
|-
|158
|[[Hebbal Assembly constituency|Hebbal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|79,842
|49.83
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|77,680
|48.48
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |2,162
|-
|159
|[[Pulakeshinagar Assembly constituency|Pulakeshinagar (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,16,064
|79.18
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28,269
|19.28
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |87,795
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Bangalore Central Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|160
|[[Sarvagnanagar Assembly constituency|Sarvagnanagar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,40,794
|66.64
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|66,550
|31.50
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |74,244
|-
|161
|[[C. V. Raman Nagar Assembly constituency|C. V. Raman Nagar (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|73,460
|56.41
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|53,346
|40.96
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |20,114
|-
|162
|[[Shivajinagar, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Shivajinagar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,731
|61.01
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43,221
|37.28
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |27,521
|-
|163
|[[Shanti Nagar Assembly constituency|Shanti Nagar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,184
|57.10
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49,846
|40.56
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |20,338
|-
|164
|[[Gandhi Nagar, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Gandhi Nagar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|74,447
|57.70
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|51,123
|39.62
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |23,324
|-
|165
|[[Rajaji Nagar Assembly constituency|Rajaji Nagar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|75,917
|65.65
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|36,488
|31.55
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |39,429
|-
|168
|[[Chamrajpet Assembly constituency|Chamrajpet]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|87,116
|64.97
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44,163
|32.93
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |42,153
|-
|174
|[[Mahadevapura Assembly constituency|Mahadevapura (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|2,29,632
|64.71
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,15,586
|32.57
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |1,15,046
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Bangalore South Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|166
|[[Govindraj Nagar Assembly constituency|Govindraj Nagar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,02,321
|64.20
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|53,936
|33.84
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |48,385
|-
|167
|[[Vijay Nagar Assembly constituency|Vijay Nagar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,261
|59.11
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|62,721
|38.92
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |32,540
|-
|169
|[[Chickpet Assembly constituency|Chickpet]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|66,802
|49.66
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|65,331
|48.57
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |1,471
|-
|170
|[[Basavanagudi Assembly constituency|Basavanagudi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,04,580
|80.50
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|22,480
|17.30
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |82,103
|-
|171
|[[Padmanabhanagar Assembly constituency|Padmanabhanagar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,08,274
|64.71
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|55,406
|33.11
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |52,868
|-
|172
|[[B.T.M Layout Assembly constituency|B.T.M Layout]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|72,541
|52.29
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|63,192
|45.55
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |9,349
|-
|173
|[[Jayanagar Assembly constituency|Jayanagar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|64,580
|50.29
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61,705
|48.05
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |2,875
|-
|159
|[[Bommanahalli Assembly constituency|Bommanahalli]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,37,764
|60.99
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|83,637
|37.03
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |54,127
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Chikkaballapur Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|139
|[[Gauribidanur Assembly constituency|Gauribidanur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|80,523
|48.11
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|80,040
|47.82
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |483
|-
|140
|[[Bagepalli Assembly constituency|Bagepalli]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|77,587
|47.97
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76,491
|47.29
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |996
|-
|141
|[[Chikkaballapur Assembly constituency|Chikkaballapur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|98,437
|54.57
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|77,496
|42.96
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |20,941
|-
|150
|[[Yelahanka Assembly constituency|Yelahanka]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,77,008
|63.31
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|93,771
|33.53
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |83,237
|-
|178
|[[Hosakote Assembly constituency|Hosakote]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,02,200
|49.43
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|99,866
|48.30
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |2,334
|-
|179
|[[Devanahalli Assembly constituency|Devanahalli (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|89,660
|49.69
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|84,429
|46.98
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |5,231
|-
|180
|[[Doddaballapur Assembly constituency|Doddaballapur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|96,680
|54.80
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,298
|42.03
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |22,382
|-
|181
|[[Nelamangala Assembly constituency|Nelamangala (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,00,923
|58.10
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,668
|38.95
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |33,255
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Kolar Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|142
|[[Sidlaghatta Assembly constituency|Sidlaghatta]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|80,650
|48.34
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|80,227
|48.08
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; color:white;" |483
|-
|143
|[[Chintamani Assembly constituency|Chintamani]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|89,456
|50.47
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|82,206
|46.38
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; color:white;" |7,250
|-
|144
|[[Srinivaspur Assembly constituency|Srinivaspur]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|90,443
|51.28
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|80,375
|45.56
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; color:white;" |10,068
|-
|145
|[[Mulbagal Assembly constituency|Mulbagal (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|99,620
|58.93
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|63,745
|37.70
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; color:white;" |35,845
|-
|146
|[[Kolar Gold Field Assembly constituency|Kolar Gold Field (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|85,876
|59.88
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|52,371
|36.52
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |33,505
|-
|147
|[[Bangarapet Assembly constituency|Bangarapet (SC)]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|92,360
|56.96
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|64,226
|39.61
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; color:white;" |28,134
|-
|148
|[[Kolar Assembly constituency|Kolar]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|97,837
|51.08
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|88,897
|46.41
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; color:white;" |8,940
|-
|149
|[[Malur Assembly constituency|Malur]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|86,448
|52.46
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|73,148
|44.39
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; color:white;" |13,300
|}

== Assembly segments wise lead of Parties ==
[[File:2024 Karnataka Lok Sabha Elections Assembly Wise Lead Map.svg|2024 Karnataka Lok Sabha
Elections Assembly Wise Lead Map|thumb|200px]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Assembly segments
! rowspan="2" |Position in the Assembly
|-
!Alliance
!Party
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
![[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| rowspan="2" |123
|105
|63
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}"|
![[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
|18
|18
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
![[Indian National Congress]]
|101
|101
|138
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha}}" |
![[Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha]]
|0
|0
|1
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}"|
![[Independent politician|Independent]]
|0
|0
|4
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
! colspan="4" |224
|}
The map indicates BJP leading in 105, but the actual tally differs, and BJP is ahead in more seats than displayed; please someone update the seat count on the map

==See also==
*[[2024 Indian general election in Kerala]]
*[[2024 Indian general election in Ladakh]]
*[[2024 Indian general election in Lakshadweep]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist|group=b}}
{{Indian general election, 2024}}
{{Karnataka elections}}
[[Category:2024 Indian general election by state or union territory|Karnatka]]
[[Category:Indian general elections in Karnataka]]
[[Category:2020s in Karnataka]]

N. S. Vishwanathan

2026-05-02T07:54:12Z

IolaWatriama22:

{{Short description|Former deputy governor of the Reserve Bank of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image =
| office = [[Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India]]
| term_start = 4 July 2016
| term_end = 31 March 2020
| governor = [[Raghuram Rajan]] [[Urjit Patel]] [[Shaktikanta Das]]
| predecessor = [[Harun Rashid Khan|H. R. Khan]]
| successor = [[M. Rajeshwar Rao]]
| office1 =
| prime_minister1 =
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 =
| prime_minister2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1958|06|27}} <ref>{{cite web|title=Vishwanathan assumes charge as new RBI Deputy Governor|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/Vishwanathan-assumes-charge-as-new-RBI-Deputy-Governor/article14470851.ece|website=The Hindu|language=en-IN|date=4 July 2016}}</ref>
| birth_place =
| occupation =
| children =
| party =
| alma_mater = Master's in Economics from the Bangalore University
| profession = RBI Deputy Governor
| sibling =
| website = {{URL|rbi.org.in}}
}}
'''N. S. Vishwanathan''' (born 27 June 1958) was the [[Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India|deputy governor]] of [[Reserve Bank of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/n-s-vishwanathan-re-appointed-deputy-governor-rbi-for-one-year-119070100584_1.html |title=N S Vishwanathan re-appointed deputy governor of RBI for one year |agency=Press Trust of India |date=2019-07-01 |website=Business Standard India |access-date=2019-07-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/06/28/govt-panel-names-ns-vishw_n_10710094.html | title=Govt Panel Names NS Vishwanathan RBI Deputy Governor | work=huffingtonpost.in | accessdate=28 June 2016}}</ref> On 28 June 2016, he was appointed by the [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]] of [[Government of India|the Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/government-appoints-ns-vishwanathan-as-new-rbi-deputy-governor/articleshow/52952803.cms | title=Government appoints NS Vishwanathan as new RBI deputy governor | work=economictimes.indiatimes.com | accessdate=28 June 2016}}</ref> He replaced [[Harun Rashid Khan|H. R. Khan]], whose term ended on 4 July 2016.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/finance/n-s-vishwanathan-is-new-deputy-governor-at-rbi-116062800408_1.html | title=N S Vishwanathan is new deputy governor at RBI | work=business-standard.com | accessdate=28 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://profit.ndtv.com/news/economy/article-ns-vishwanathan-appointed-new-rbi-deputy-governor-1424309 | title=NS Vishwanathan Appointed New RBI Deputy Governor | work=ndtv.com | accessdate=28 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://in.reuters.com/article/india-rbi-deputy-governor-idINKCN0ZE0I1 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628080243/http://in.reuters.com/article/india-rbi-deputy-governor-idINKCN0ZE0I1 | url-status=dead | archive-date=28 June 2016 | title=India appoints Vishwanathan as new RBI deputy governor | work=reuters.com | accessdate=28 June 2016}}</ref>

== Career ==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date= April 2021}}
*Principal chief general manager in the department of non-banking supervision at [[Reserve Bank of India]].
*Executive director at [[Reserve Bank of India]] since April 2014.
*Director of [[Punjab National Bank]] from 6 September 2012, to 31 May 2013.
*Nominee director at [[Dena Bank]] Ltd. from 30 May 2011, to 6 September 2012.
*Chief general manager of vigilance at [[IFCI Ltd]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

gets extension by one year as RBI deputy governor N.S Vishwanathan

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vishwanathan, N. S.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian bankers]]
[[Category:Reserve Bank of India]]
[[Category:1958 births]]

T. P. Senkumar

2026-04-24T11:39:30Z

IolaWatriama22:

{{Short description|Indian police officer (born 1957)}}
{{Copy edit|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox police officer
| honorific_prefix =
| name = T. P. Senkumar
| honorific_suffix =
| image = T p senkumar.jpg
| caption = Senkumar in 2011
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1957|06|10}}
| birth_place = [[Kadukutty]], [[Thrissur district]], Kerala
| alma_mater =
| allegiance = [[Indian Police Service]]
| department = [[Kerala Police]]
| service_years = 1983–2017
| status = Retired
| rank = [[Director General of Police]]
| awards = [[File:IND President's Police Medal for Distinguished Service.svg|30px]] [[President's Police Medal|President's Police Medal for Distinguished Service]]
|other_work=*Politician
[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (2017–present)|country=[[India]]}}

'''T. P. Senkumar''' (born 10 June 1957) is an Indian [[lawyer]] and retired [[police officer]] who served in the [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS).<ref>{{cite web|title=T P Senkumar to be State Police Chief|url=http://www.madhyamam.com/en/kerala/2015/may/20/t-p-senkumar-be-state-police-chief|website=Madhyamam.com|publisher=Madhyamam|accessdate=22 July 2015}}</ref> He is notable for his tenure as the State Police Chief of [[Kerala]].

He was appointed the State Police Chief on 31 May 2015, replacing K. S. Balasubramaniam IPS, who retired on 31 May 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=TP Senkumar appointed new Kerala DGP|url=http://egov.eletsonline.com/2015/06/tp-senkumar-appointed-new-kerala-dgp/|website=www.egov.eletsonline.com|date=June 2015 |publisher=eGov Magazine - Elets News Network|accessdate=23 July 2015}}</ref> The request of Mahesh Kumar Singla IPS, who then later served as the [[Director general of police|DGP]], [[Border Security Force]], to be considered for the position, was turned down by the Cabinet. Senkumar had more than 2 years left before retirement, which was considered while making the appointment.<ref>{{cite web|title=Senkumar likely to be State police chief|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Senkumar-Likely-to-be-State-Police-Chief/2015/05/14/article2813072.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725180122/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Senkumar-Likely-to-be-State-Police-Chief/2015/05/14/article2813072.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 July 2015|website=Newindianexpress.com|publisher=Indian Express|accessdate=22 July 2015}}</ref>
He was replaced by [[Lokanath Behera]] IPS, and transferred as head of the Police Housing Construction Corporation on 31 May 2016, by the then newly-elected [[First Vijayan ministry|LDF government]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Behera replaces Senkumar as Kerala police chief, Jacob Thomas to head vigilance|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/news/just-in/loknath-behera-kerala-police-chief-senkumar-jacob-thomas-vigilance-head.html|accessdate=31 May 2016|agency=Onmanorama|publisher=Malayala Manorama|date=31 May 2016}}</ref>

On 24 April, 2017, the [[Supreme Court of India]] ordered the reinstatement of Senkumar as the State Police Chief.<ref>{{cite news|title=SC orders reinstatement of T. P. Senkumar as Kerala DGP|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/blow-for-ldf-govt-as-sc-orders-reinstatement-of-tp-senkumar/article18198736.ece|accessdate=24 April 2017|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=24 April 2017|location=Kerala}}</ref> The government subsequently reappointed Senkumar to the position on 5 May, 2017.<ref>[http://www.manoramaonline.com/news/just-in/2017/05/05/tp-senkumar-again-appointed-as-kerala-police-chief.html Senkumar]</ref>

==Education==
Senkumar studied at St. George L.P. School and St. Mary's High School before completing his [[Bachelor of Science|BSc]] in Physics from [[Christ College, Irinjalakuda]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Alumni News|url=http://christcollegeijk.edu.in/showcontent?cid=778|website=Christcollegeijk.edu.in|publisher=Christ College|accessdate=22 July 2015}}</ref> He then did his [[Master of Arts|MA]] in Economics from Dr. John Matthai Centre in Thrissur and an [[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]] from [[Government Law College, Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{cite web|title=TP Senkumar appointed DGP|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news/latest-news/t-p-senkumar-appointed-dgp-161150.html|website=Mathrubhumi.com|publisher=Mathrubhumi|accessdate=22 July 2015}}{{Dead link|date=June 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=IPS Civil list 2014|url=https://dtf.in/wp-content/files/Indian_Police_Service_IPS_-_Civil_List_2014.htm|website=dtf.in|publisher=Disciplinary and Transparency Forum - India|accessdate=22 July 2015}}</ref> Later, he earned a [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] from the [[University of Kerala]] for his thesis on road accidents, completed under the guidance of economist [[M. A. Oommen]], who served as Chairman of the State Finance Commission.<ref>{{cite news|title=DGP-designate to submit thesis on road accidents|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/DGP-designate-to-submit-thesis-on-road-accidents/articleshow/47423870.cms|website=Times of India|date=26 May 2015 |accessdate=22 July 2015}}</ref>

==Career==
Senkumar was born in Trichur district of [[Keralam]]. He completed his Post Graduate degree in Economics from the Dr. John Mathai Center at [[University of Calicut|Calicut University]]'s Department of Economics in 1980. In 1981, he was enlisted into Indian Economic Service (IES. In 1983, he was selected for the [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) and joined the Kerala cadre. After training, he was posted as Assistant Superintendent of Police (APS) in [[Thalassery|Thalasserry]] and [[Kannur]]. Upon promotion to [[Superintendent (police)|Superintendent of Police]] (SP), he served as Commandant of the APTC and KAP I & III Battalions.

Posts Held:

1988 to 1991 - Supdt. of Police, Alappuzha & Kollam

1991 to 1995 - Served as ADC to Governor.

1995 to 1996 - Commissioner of Police, Kochi City.

1996 to 2000 - DIG Crime Branch CID.

2000 to 2001 - Vigilance officer, Excise Department.

2001 to 2004 - MD, KSBC & Addl. Excise Commissioner

2004 to 2005 - IG Vigilance & Director & MD KSBC

2005 to 2006 - IGP South Zone

2006 - Chief Investigating Officer, State Human Rights Commission

2006 to 2010 - Chairman & MD, Kerala State Road Transport Corporation

2009 to 2011 - MD, KTDFC (Addl. charge)

2010 to 2012 - Transport Commissioner, Govt. of Kerala

2012 to 2013 - Addl. DGP (Intelligence), Kerala

2014 to 2015 - Director General of Prisons & Correctional Services, Kerala

2015 to 2016 - DGP & State Police Chief, Kerala

01/06/2016 - Removed from the post of DGP & State Police Chief of Kerala and downgraded to a lower post i.e.; KPHCC MD.

01/02/2017 - Director General, IMG, Kerala

April/2017 - Hon'ble Supreme Court of India, pronounced a judgment
(Civil Appeal No.5227 of 2017 (Dr.T.P.Senkumar Vs Union of India & Others [2017(2) KLT 453]) to re-instate as
DGP & State Police Chief, Kerala

06/05/2017 to 30/06/2017 DGP & State Police Chief, Kerala

30/06/2017 - Retired from Service.

Got LLB degree from Kerala University and Ph.D from Kerala University on the thesis entitled "ROAD ACCIDENTS IN KERALA – A SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY."

Awards / Rewards

v 2002 – President's Police Medal for Meritorious Service

v 2009 – President's Police Medal for Distinguished Service

v Received Meritorious Service Award from Govt. of Kerala for handling Perumon train accident with most effective way in 1988.

v Appreciation Letters for Investigation of important cases and Law &order situations.

v Published a service story named "Ente Police Jeevitham" (DC Books Publications) April/2019.

==Medals and recognition==
In 2009, Senkumar was awarded the [[President's Police Medal|President's Medal for Distinguished Service]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Presidents medal for Distinguished Service|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/ppm-rd09.pdf|website=mha.nic.in|publisher=Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs|accessdate=22 July 2015}}{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Twitter|drtpsenkumar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Senkumar, T. P.}}
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian police officers]]
[[Category:People from Thrissur]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian economists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:People from Irinjalakuda]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Civil servants from Kerala]]
[[Category:State Police Chiefs of Kerala]]

Amla Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:20:21Z

IolaWatriama22: creating basic stub from scratch

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Amla
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 130
| map_image = 130-Amla.svg
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Betul district|Betul]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Betul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Betul]]
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Yogesh Pandagre]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Chaitram Manekar
| electors = {{formatnum:207589}}<ref name=election2018/>
}}
'''Amla''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name="constlist">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref>

It is part of [[Betul district|Betul District]] and is reserved for candidates of the [[Scheduled Castes]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| colspan="4" |''Before 1976: Constituency did not exist''
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="2" |Gurubux Atulkar
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="2" |Kanahiyalal Dholeker
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Gurubux Atulkar
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|Heera Chand Chandelkar
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<ref name="election2003">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3738-madhya-pradesh-2003/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2003 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref>
|Bele Sunita
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3739-madhya-pradesh-2008/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|Chaitram Manekar
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3740-madhya-pradesh-2013/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name=election2018/>
| rowspan="2" | [[Yogesh Pandagre]]
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=26 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Amla<ref name="election2023"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Yogesh Pandagre]]
|votes = {{formatnum:86726}}
|percentage = 51.4
|change = +5.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Manoj Malve
|votes = {{formatnum:74608}}
|percentage = 44.21
|change = +10.07
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|candidate = Ranjana Wamne Vakil
|votes = {{formatnum:1609}}
|percentage = 0.95
|change = -9.01
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2769}}
|percentage = 1.64
|change = -0.3
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:12118}}
|percentage = 7.19
|change = -4.89
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:168743}}
|percentage = 78.03
|change = +1.44
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Amla<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Yogesh Pandagre]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:73481}}
|percentage = 46.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Manoj Malve
|votes = {{formatnum:54284}}
|percentage = 34.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|candidate = Rakesh Mahale (Adv)
|votes = {{formatnum:15827}}
|percentage = 9.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Prabhu Mastakar
|votes = {{formatnum:2916}}
|percentage = 1.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Manoj Dehariya
|votes = {{formatnum:2391}}
|percentage = 1.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Dr. Suresh Bhumarkar
|votes = {{formatnum:1454}}
|percentage = 0.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sadaram Jharbade
|votes = {{formatnum:1444}}
|percentage = 0.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3081}}
|percentage = 1.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:19197}}
|percentage = 12.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:158985}}
|percentage = 76.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Amla, Madhya Pradesh]]
*[[List of constituencies of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Betul district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|21.93|78.13|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Betul district]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2003]]

Dhanwar Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:17:14Z

IolaWatriama22: Started a post - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jharkhand legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dhanwar
| type = SLA
| state = Jharkhand
| established = 2000
| abolished =
| electors = 3,07,716
| mla = [[Babulal Marandi]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| constituency_no = 28
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance |NDA]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| preceded_by = [[Raj Kumar Yadav (politician)|Raj Kumar Yadav]] [[File:Flag Logo of CPIML.png|20px]] {{Party index link|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}
| district = [[Giridih district|Giridih]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kodarma Lok Sabha constituency|Kodarma]]
| incumbent_image =
| map_image = Dhanwar constituency map.svg
}}

''' Dhanwar Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1952]] ||Punit Rai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''1957-62: Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]] ||Gopal Rabidas || {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
| [[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]] ||rowspan=3|Punit Rai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
| [[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]] ||Harihar Narayan Prabhakar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]] ||Tilakdhari Prasad Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]] ||rowspan=2|Harihar Narayan Prabhakar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]] ||Guru Sahay Mahto || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]] ||[[Ravindra Kumar Rai]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
! colspan=4|[[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|[[Ravindra Kumar Rai]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|Nizamuddin Ansari
|{{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)}}
|-
|[[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|[[Raj Kumar Yadav (politician)|Raj Kumar Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}
|-
|[[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2019]] ||rowspan=2|[[Babulal Marandi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)}}
|-
|[[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhanwar<ref>{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Jharkhand Assembly Election Results 2024 - Seats won by JMM |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |access-date=24 November 2024 |date=24 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124045445/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |archive-date=24 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Babulal Marandi]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=1,06,296|percentage=45.35%|change={{increase}}27.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nizam Uddin Ansari|party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|votes=70,858|percentage=30.23%|change={{increase}}22.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Raj Kumar Yadav|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|votes=32,187|percentage=13.73%|change={{decrease}}3.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Brahmdev Tudoo|party=Independent politician|votes=3,826|percentage=1.63%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Pawan Kumar Ram|party=Independent politician|votes=3,021|percentage=1.29%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bharat Yadav|party=Independent politician|votes=2,320|percentage=0.99%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Manna Vinay Baske|party=Independent politician|votes=1,910|percentage=0.81%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the Above|party=None of the above|votes=1,312|percentage=0.56%|change={{decrease}}0.75 }}
{{Election box margin of victory|votes=35,438|percentage=15.12%|change={{increase}}5.87}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=2,34,416|percentage=63.18%|change={{increase}}1.48}}
{{Election box registered electors|reg. electors = 3,71,051|ref =|change={{increase}}20.58}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Bharatiya Janata Party|loser=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)|swing={{increase}}17.77}}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhanwar<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/11813-jharkhand-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Jharkhand Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=9 February 2022 |date=6 February 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Babulal Marandi]]|party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)|votes=52,352|percentage=27.58%|change={{increase}}4.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Lakshman Prasad Singh|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=34,802|percentage=18.33%|change={{increase}}0.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Raj Kumar Yadav (politician)|Raj Kumar Yadav]]|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|votes=32,245|percentage=16.99%|change={{decrease}}11.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Anup Kumar Sonthalia|party=Independent politician|votes=22,624|percentage=11.92%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mohammad Danish|party=All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen|votes=15,416|percentage=8.12%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nijamuddin Ansari|party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|votes=14,432|percentage=7.60%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Tarkeshwar Gope|party=Independent politician|votes=2,960|percentage=1.56%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above|votes=2,485|percentage=1.31%|change={{decrease}}1.31 }}
{{Election box margin of victory|votes=17,550|percentage=9.24%|change={{increase}}3.18}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,89,838|percentage=61.69%|change={{decrease}}1.95}}
{{Election box registered electors|reg. electors = 3,07,716|ref =|change={{increase}}10.84}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)|loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|swing={{decrease}}1.08}}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhanwar<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3787-jharkhand-2014/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Raj Kumar Yadav (politician)|Raj Kumar Yadav]]|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|votes=50,634|percentage=28.66%|change={{decrease}}2.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Babulal Marandi]]|party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)|votes=39,922|percentage=22.59%|change={{decrease}}11.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Lakshman Prasad Singh|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=31,659|percentage=17.92%|change={{decrease}}0.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mohammad Safik Ansari|party=Independent politician|votes=28,701|percentage=16.24%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Uday Kumar Sinha|party=Jharkhand Vikas Dal|votes=4,143|percentage=2.34%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Upender Shingh|party=Indian National Congress|votes=3,989|percentage=2.26%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bandhan Ravidas|party=Independent politician|votes=2,489|percentage=1.41%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the Above|party=None of the above|votes=4,628|percentage=2.62%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory|votes=10,712|percentage=6.06%|change={{increase}}2.65}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,76,689|percentage=63.64%|change={{increase}}2.09}}
{{Election box registered electors|reg. electors = 2,77,622|ref =|change={{increase}}17.28}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|loser=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)|swing={{decrease}}5.93}}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhanwar<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3786-jharkhand-2009/ |title=Jharkhand 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=20 August 2018 |access-date= 23 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=Nizamuddin Ansari|party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)|votes=50,392|percentage=34.59%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Raj Kumar Yadav (politician)|Raj Kumar Yadav]]|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|votes=45,419|percentage=31.17%|change={{increase}}3.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Ravindra Kumar Ray]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=27,290|percentage=18.73%|change={{decrease}}10.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Arjun Marandi|party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|votes=6,986|percentage=4.79%|change={{decrease}}22.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nejamaudin|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=3,867|percentage=2.65%|change={{increase}}0.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Rameshwar Prasad Yadav|party=Independent politician|votes=3,486|percentage=2.39%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Manoj Yadav|party=Lok Janshakti Party|votes=2,502|percentage=1.72%|change={{decrease}}1.92 }}
{{Election box margin of victory|votes=4,973|percentage=3.41%|change={{increase}}1.07}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,45,703|percentage=61.55%|change={{decrease}}1.56}}
{{Election box registered electors|reg. electors = 2,36,726|ref =|change={{increase}}4.78}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)|loser=Bharatiya Janata Party|swing={{increase}}4.88}}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2005===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhanwar<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3785-jharkhand-2005/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2005 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Ravindra Kumar Ray]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=42,357|percentage=29.71%|change={{increase}}4.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Raj Kumar Yadav (politician)|Raj Kumar Yadav]]|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|votes=39,023|percentage=27.37%|change={{increase}}3.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nizamuddin Ansari|party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|votes=38,754|percentage=27.18%|change={{increase}}6.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Harihar Narayan Prabhakar|party=Lok Janshakti Party|votes=5,192|percentage=3.64%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bhagwat Prasad Yadav|party=Rashtriya Janata Dal|votes=3,441|percentage=2.41%|change={{decrease}}16.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ram Kumar Raut|party=Samajwadi Party|votes=2,941|percentage=2.06%|change={{decrease}}1.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Videshi Paswan|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=2,646|percentage=1.86%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory|votes=3,334|percentage=2.34%|change={{increase}}0.21}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,42,584|percentage=63.11%|change={{decrease}}3.77}}
{{Election box registered electors|reg. electors = 2,25,924|ref =|change={{increase}}13.29}}
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Bharatiya Janata Party|loser=Bharatiya Janata Party|swing={{increase}}4.11}}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2000===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhanwar<ref>{{cite web|url = https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical%20Report/2000.pdf |title = Statistical Report on General Election, 2000 to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar|access-date = 16 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005142035/https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical%20Report/2000.pdf |archive-date= 5 October 2023 |website=ceobihar.nic.in |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Bihar}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Ravindra Kumar Ray]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=34,145|percentage=25.60%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Raj Kumar Yadav (politician)|Raj Kumar Yadav]]|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|votes=31,304|percentage=23.47%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nijamuddin Ansari|party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|votes=27,480|percentage=20.60%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Guru Sahay Mahto|party=Rashtriya Janata Dal|votes=24,950|percentage=18.71%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Arbind Choudhary|party=Indian National Congress|votes=4,916|percentage=3.69%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dayanand Kumar Sao|party=Samajwadi Party|votes=4,519|percentage=3.39%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Umesh Yadav|party=Nationalist Congress Party|votes=3,343|percentage=2.51%|change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory|votes=2,841|percentage=2.13%|change= }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,33,372|percentage=68.13%|change= }}
{{Election box registered electors|reg. electors = 1,99,417|ref =|change= }}
{{Election box new seat win|winner=Bharatiya Janata Party|loser=|swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Vidhan Sabha]]
*[[List of states of India by type of legislature]]

==References==
*Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the [[Election Commission of India]] [http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf]
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand}}

{{coord|24.410|85.981|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Politics of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Giridih district]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2000]]

Porayar Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T08:54:39Z

IolaWatriama22: made initial article w/ sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| constituency_no =
| map_image =
| established = 1962
| district = [[Mayiladuthurai district|Mayiladuthurai]]
| loksabha_cons = Porayar Assembly constituency
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| name = Porayar
| electors = 85,974
| reservation = None
| abolished = 1967
}}
'''Porayar''' was one of the 234 constituencies in the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], a southern state of [[India]]. It is located in [[Mayiladuthurai district]].

The constituency was disestablished in the year 1967.

==Madras state==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]||K. R. Sambandam|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|39.45}}
}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Porayar<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. R. Sambandam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,112 |percentage=39.45% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Ganesan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=21,018 |percentage=34.39% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Bhasathimohan |party=Communist Party of India |votes=12,718 |percentage=20.81% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Chinnasami Ravuthaminda Nainar |party=Swatantra Party |votes=2,826 |percentage=4.62% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Paul Sathianathan |party=Independent politician |votes=440 |percentage=0.72% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,094 |percentage=5.06% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=61,114 |percentage=74.00% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 85,974 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}

{{Defunct assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Madras State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 disestablishments in India]]
{{coords|11.02|79.83|display=title}}{{India-constituency-stub}}
[[Category:Mayiladuthurai district]]

Nandurbar Assembly constituency

2026-04-18T13:21:38Z

IolaWatriama22: added a entry w/ refs...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nandurbar
| constituency_no = 3
| map_image = 3-Nandurbar.svg
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = ST
| district = [[Nandurbar district|Nandurbar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Nandurbar Lok Sabha constituency|Nandurbar]]
| mla = [[Vijaykumar Gavit]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| type = SLA
| electors = 353,953
}}
'''Nandurbar Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]]. This constituency is located in [[Nandurbar district]] and it is reserved for the candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled Tribes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website|accessdate=6 September 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|archivedate=18 March 2010}}</ref> It is currently held by [[Vijaykumar Gavit]] of the [[BJP]].

==Overview==
It is part of the [[Nandurbar Lok Sabha constituency]] along with another five Vidhan Sabha segments, namely [[Akkalkuwa Assembly constituency|Akkalkuwa]], [[Shahada Assembly constituency|Shahada]] and [[Navapur Assembly constituency|Navapur]] in [[Nandurbar district]] and [[Sakri Assembly constituency|Sakri]] and [[Shirpur Assembly constituency|Shirpur]] in [[Dhule district]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandurbar Vidhan Sabha Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/nandurbar.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Tulshiram Patil
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="4"|Ramesh Valvi
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Indrasing Vasave
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| Pratap Valvi
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| rowspan="7"|[[Vijaykumar Gavit]]
|{{party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nandurbar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Vijaykumar Gavit|Dr.Vijaykumar Krishnarao Gavit ]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 155,190 |percentage = 65.06% |change={{decrease}}0.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Engg. Kiran Damodar Tadavi |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 78,943 |percentage = 33.09% |change={{increase}}5.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 1,634 |percentage = 0.69% |change={{decrease}}1.22 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 76,247 |percentage = 31.96% |change= {{decrease}}6.09 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 240,169 |percentage = 67.85% |change= {{increase}}12.84 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 238,535}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 353,953|ref = |change= {{increase}}4.38 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}0.68 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nandurbar<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Vijaykumar Gavit|Dr.Vijaykumar Krishnarao Gavit ]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 121,605 |percentage = 65.74% |change={{increase}}12.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Udesing Kocharu Padvi |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 51,209 |percentage = 27.69% |change={{decrease}}11.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dipa Shamshon Valvi |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 6,734 |percentage = 3.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 3,521 |percentage = 1.90% |change={{increase}}0.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ananda Sukalal Koli |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,047 |percentage = 1.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vipul Ramsing Vasave |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,925 |percentage = 1.04% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adv.Prakash Mohan Gangurde |party=Swabhimani Paksha |votes = 1,448 |percentage = 0.78% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 70,396 |percentage = 38.06% |change= {{increase}}23.84 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 188,496 |percentage = 55.59% |change= {{decrease}}6.61 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 184,968}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 339,098|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.71 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}12.63 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nandurbar<ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Vijaykumar Gavit|Dr.Vijaykumar Krishnarao Gavit ]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 101,328 |percentage = 53.11% |change={{increase}}11.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vasave Kunal Batesing |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 74,210 |percentage = 38.90% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Virendra Ravji Valvi |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 8,598 |percentage = 4.51% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 2,857 |percentage = 1.50% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gulabsing Divansing Vasave |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 1,955 |percentage = 1.02% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Valvi Vikas Dulji |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 1,784 |percentage = 0.94% |change={{decrease}}53.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhil Birbal Sakharam |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,229 |percentage = 0.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 27,118 |percentage = 14.21% |change= {{increase}}1.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 193,717 |percentage = 62.10% |change= {{decrease}}6.55 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 190,776}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 311,939|ref = |change= {{increase}}16.71 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{decrease}}1.77 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nandurbar<ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Vijaykumar Gavit|Dr.Vijaykumar Krishnarao Gavit ]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 99,323 |percentage = 54.88% |change={{increase}}2.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Natawadkar Suhasini Suhas |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 75,465 |percentage = 41.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gavit Sharad Dilip |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,957 |percentage = 1.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sonawane Arjun Ratan |party=Republican Party of India (A) |votes = 1,284 |percentage = 0.71% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Valvi Ashok Jumma |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,222 |percentage = 0.68% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 23,858 |percentage = 13.18% |change= {{decrease}}14.66 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 181,020 |percentage = 67.73% |change= {{increase}}0.80 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 180,976}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 267,280|ref = |change= {{increase}}29.02 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{increase}}2.84 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nandurbar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Vijaykumar Gavit|Dr.Vijaykumar Krishnarao Gavit ]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 72,132 |percentage = 52.04% |change={{increase}}1.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gaikwad Namdevrao Ghamaji |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 33,534 |percentage = 24.19% |change={{increase}}22.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vasave Gulabsing Diwansing |party=Independent politician |votes = 28,817 |percentage = 20.79% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Thakur Kailas Manga |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,131 |percentage = 2.98% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 38,598 |percentage = 27.85% |change= {{increase}}23.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 138,625 |percentage = 66.92% |change= {{increase}}1.71 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 138,614}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 207,162|ref = |change= {{increase}}10.82 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{increase}}1.42 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nandurbar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Vijaykumar Gavit|Dr.Vijaykumar Krishnarao Gavit ]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 61,707 |percentage = 50.62% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vasave Indrasing Diwansing |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 57,013 |percentage = 46.77% |change={{increase}}15.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Padvi Ajabsing Gangaji |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 1,625 |percentage = 1.33% |change={{decrease}}13.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gangurde Vasudeo Namdeo |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,552 |percentage = 1.27% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,694 |percentage = 3.85% |change= {{decrease}}12.34 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 128,837 |percentage = 68.92% |change= {{decrease}}2.70 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 121,897}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 186,944|ref = |change= {{increase}}4.96 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}2.92 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nandurbar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Vijaykumar Gavit|Dr.Vijaykumar Krishnarao Gavit ]] |party=Independent politician |votes = 57,694 |percentage = 47.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Valvi Pratap Rubji |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 38,116 |percentage = 31.51% |change={{decrease}}17.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Valvi Rajendrasing Vikramsing |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 17,598 |percentage = 14.55% |change={{increase}}6.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Thakare Raysing Chiptya |party=Independent politician |votes = 6,469 |percentage = 5.35% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vasave Jabarshing Mirya |party=Doordarshi Party |votes = 1,078 |percentage = 0.89% |change={{increase}}0.22 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,578 |percentage = 16.19% |change= {{increase}}9.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 125,573 |percentage = 70.50% |change= {{increase}}13.64 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 120,955}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 178,113|ref = |change= {{increase}}9.62 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}1.45 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nandurbar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Valvi Pratap Kubaji |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 43,342 |percentage = 49.15% |change={{decrease}}23.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gavit Krushnarao Damaji |party=Janata Dal |votes = 37,206 |percentage = 42.19% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vilas Rawa Kokani |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 6,790 |percentage = 7.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vasave Nurji Mudya |party=Doordarshi Party |votes = 589 |percentage = 0.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,136 |percentage = 6.96% |change= {{decrease}}42.32 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 90,581 |percentage = 55.75% |change= {{increase}}10.11 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 88,178}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 162,486|ref = |change= {{increase}}23.56 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}23.94 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nandurbar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Indrasing Diwansing Vasave |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 42,444 |percentage = 73.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Valvi Pravin Jalamsing |party=Janata Party |votes = 13,829 |percentage = 23.81% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tejaram Baliram Kokani |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,145 |percentage = 1.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kokani Baraku Jiwalya |party=Independent politician |votes = 651 |percentage = 1.12% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 28,615 |percentage = 49.28% |change= {{increase}}11.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 59,587 |percentage = 45.31% |change= {{decrease}}0.95 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 58,069}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 131,505|ref = |change= {{increase}}9.81 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{increase}}4.23 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nandurbar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Ramesh Panya Valvi |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 37,198 |percentage = 68.86% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gavit Nalinibai Tukaram |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 16,818 |percentage = 31.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,380 |percentage = 37.73% |change= {{increase}}20.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 55,678 |percentage = 46.49% |change= {{decrease}}19.71 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 54,016}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 119,760|ref = |change= {{increase}}6.89 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}10.31 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nandurbar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Ramesh Panya Valvi |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 42,526 |percentage = 58.56% |change={{decrease}}21.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Natawadkar Jayant Ganpat |party=Janata Party |votes = 30,095 |percentage = 41.44% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,431 |percentage = 17.12% |change= {{decrease}}45.75 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 75,163 |percentage = 67.09% |change= {{increase}}19.71 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 72,621}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 112,039|ref = |change= {{increase}}19.62 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}21.22 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nandurbar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Ramesh Panya Valvi |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 33,705 |percentage = 79.78% |change={{increase}}23.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Madhav Bandu More |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 7,145 |percentage = 16.91% |change={{decrease}}26.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Zamtru Nathu Valvi |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,398 |percentage = 3.31% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,560 |percentage = 62.87% |change= {{increase}}49.74 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 43,935 |percentage = 46.91% |change= {{decrease}}9.23 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 42,248}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,664|ref = |change= {{increase}}9.37 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}23.21 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nandurbar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Ramesh Panya Valvi |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 26,321 |percentage = 56.57% |change={{increase}}1.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Z. N. Valvi |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 20,211 |percentage = 43.43% |change={{increase}}25.15 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,110 |percentage = 13.13% |change= {{decrease}}17.37 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 49,423 |percentage = 57.71% |change= {{decrease}}1.96 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 46,532}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 85,638|ref = |change= {{increase}}13.03 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}1.01 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nandurbar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Gajmal Tulshiram Patil |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 23,697 |percentage = 55.56% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shankarrao Chinduji Bedse |party=Independent politician |votes = 10,688 |percentage = 25.06% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pursaram Mohanlal Maheshwari |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 7,799 |percentage = 18.28% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Popatlal Nathubhai Vani |party=Independent politician |votes = 470 |percentage = 1.10% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,009 |percentage = 30.50% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 46,280 |percentage = 61.08% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 42,654}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 75,764|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Nandu (disambiguation)]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Nandurbar district topics}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|21|22|09.38|N|74|12|22.07|E|display=title}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Nandurbar district]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bombay State]]

Culture of Darjeeling

2026-04-17T23:42:09Z

IolaWatriama22: improved article

{{Short description|none}}

[[Image:Darjeelingflags.jpg|right|thumb|Colourful Buddhist prayer flags around [[Mahakal Temple (Darjeeling)|Mahakal Temple]] at Observatory Hill, [[Darjeeling]].]]
[[File:Darjeeling St. Andrew's Church.jpg|right|thumb|[[St. Andrew's Church, Darjeeling]]. Built- 1843, Rebuilt- 1873]]
[[File:St. Andrews Church situated in Darjeeling.jpg|right|thumb|St. Andrew's Church, Darjeeling. A view from the downhill side road, May'17]]
{{EngvarB|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
The '''culture of [[Darjeeling]]''', [[India]], is diverse and has a regional distinctness.{{sfn | West Bengal (India) | 1980 | p=126}}

==Festivals==
The two predominant religions of Darjeeling are [[Hinduism]] and [[Vajrayana|Vajrayana Buddhism]]. [[Dashain]], [[Tihar (festival)|Tihar]], [[Buddha Jayanti]], [[Christmas]], [[Holi]], [[Ram Navami]], etc. are the main festivals. Besides them, the diverse ethnic populace of the town also celebrates several local festivals. [[Buddhist]] ethnic groups such as the Lepchas, Bhutias, Sherpas, Yolmos, Gurungs, and Tamangs celebrate [[new year]] called [[Losar]] in January/February through festivals called [[Maghe Sankranti]], [[Chotrul Duchen]], and [[Tendong Lho Rumfaat]]. The [[Kirati people|Kirati]] ethnic groups such as [[Limbu people|Limbu (Subba)]], [[Yakkha people|Yakkha]], [[Sunuwar people|Sunuwar]], [[Rai people|Rai (Khambu)]] celebrate their festivals of [[Ubhauli]] [[Udhauli]], [[Sakela]] and [[Chasok Tangnam]] etc. [[Deusi/Bhailo]] are songs performed by men and women, respectively, during the festival of Tihar.

[[Darjeeling Carnival]], initiated by a civil society movement known as The Darjeeling Initiative, was a ten-day carnival held yearly during winter that portrayed the rich musical and cultural heritage of Darjeeling Hills as its central theme.<ref name="frontline2003">{{cite journal | last = Chattopadhyay | first = S.S. | date = December 2003 | title = The spirit of Darjeeling | journal = Frontline | volume = 20 | issue = 25 | url = http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2025/stories/20031219000306600.htm | accessdate = 2006-05-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060513215230/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2025/stories/20031219000306600.htm | archive-date = 13 May 2006 | url-status = usurped }}</ref> Every year, cultural festivals are held in the town of Darjeeling and its surrounding areas.

==Cuisine==
The people of Darjeeling consume a diverse variety of foods. Each ethnic group has its own distinct traditional food. A popular food in Darjeeling is the ''[[momo (food)|momo]]'', a steamed dumpling containing chicken, mutton, pork, beef or vegetables cooked in a doughy wrapping served with a watery vegetable soup and spicy tomato sauce/chutney. Indigenous fermented food products such as [[gundruk]] (fermented and dried leafy vegetable), [[kinema]] (fermented [[soybean]]), and [[Sinki (food)|sinki]] (fermented and dried radish) are consumed by the people. [[Wai-Wai (food)|Wai-Wai]] is a favorite packaged snack of Darjeeling hills comprising noodles that are eaten either dry or with soup. Hard [[chhurpi]], a type of hard cheese made from [[cow]] or [[yak]]'s milk, is another popular mini-snack that is both nutritious and masticatory. Soft chhurpi, a traditional soft cheese, is consumed along with green vegetables as savoury dishes, used as filling for momos, ground with tomatoes and chillies for chutney or made into a refreshing soup. A type of [[noodle]] called [[thukpa]], served with soup and vegetables/meat, is extremely popular in and around the hills of Darjeeling. There are a number of restaurants offering a variety of traditional Indian, Continental and [[Indian Chinese cuisine]] to cater to tourists. [[Tea]] is the most popular beverage, procured from the famed [[Darjeeling tea]] gardens, as well as [[coffee]]. [[Chhaang|Chhang]] or ''jaanr'' is a local alcoholic beverage made from fermented [[millet]], maize or rice.
[[Image:St Andrews Church, Darjeeling.jpg|right|thumb|St. Andrew's Church, [[Darjeeling]]: During snowfall]]

==Architecture==
Colonial architecture characterizes many buildings in Darjeeling; several cottages, [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] churches, the [[Raj Bhavan, Darjeeling|Raj Bhawan]] (Governor House), [[Darjeeling Planters' Club|Planters' Club]] and various educational institutions are examples.<ref name="archi">{{cite web |title=Transformation of Architectural Character of Darjeeling |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342145361 |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Suryendu |last2=Garg |first2=Pushplata |date=November 2016 |access-date=12 February 2022 |work=Urban heritage conservation of Colonial hill stations of India: A case of Darjeeling.}}</ref>{{sfn | Bhattacharya | 2013 | p=442–61}} [[Buddhist]] monasteries showcase the [[pagoda]]-style architecture.

==Music==
Darjeeling is regarded as a center of music and a ''hotbed'' for musicians and music admirers. Singing and playing musical instruments is a common pastime among the resident population, who take pride in the traditions and role of music in their cultural life.<ref name="naturecentric">{{cite web | url = http://ignca.nic.in/cd_07011.htm | title = The Nature-centric Culture of the Nepalese | accessdate = 2006-07-31 | author = Rasaily DP, Lama RP | work = The Cultural Dimension of Ecology | publisher = Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, New Delhi | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060715224122/http://ignca.nic.in/cd_07011.htm | archive-date = 15 July 2006 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The varied ethnic groups have different types of songs and dances, often associated with festivals. Some dances of Nepali origin include [[Maruni]], [[Dhan Nach|Dhan dance]], [[Jhankri]], [[Yatra]], [[Damphu drum|Damphu]] (Tamang selo), [[Balan dance|Balan]], [[Deora dance|Deora]], [[Khukuri]], [[Pancha Buddha]], [[Dhimay]], [[Sangini]], [[Chutki dance|Chutki]], [[Jhyaure]], [[Sakhiya dance|Sakhiya]].<ref name="darjeeling-tourism.com 2021">{{cite web | title=Nepali Folk Dances in Darjeeling | website=darjeeling-tourism.com | date=9 March 2021 | url=https://www.darjeeling-tourism.com/darj_000172.htm | access-date=18 February 2022 | archive-date=15 February 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215214657/https://www.darjeeling-tourism.com/darj_000172.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> Western music is popular among the younger generation, and Darjeeling is a major center of [[Nepali rock]] music. [[Prashant Tamang]], the winner of [[Indian Idol 3]], is a resident of [[Darjeeling]].

==Sports==
[[Football (soccer)|Football]] is the most popular sport in Darjeeling. An improvised form of ball made of rubber bands is often used for playing in steep streets, and is known as [[Chungi]].<ref name="Nepali Times">{{cite web | title=Chungi on the Chowrasta- Nepali Times | website=Nepali Times | date=1 December 2005 | url=http://archive.nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=9219#.Yg5O9E3MK3A | access-date=17 February 2022 | archive-date=31 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531170100/http://archive.nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=9219#.Yg5O9E3MK3A | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="The Darjeeling Chronicle 2019">{{cite web | last=Krishna | first=Bal | title=Darjeeling - Games We Played | website=The Darjeeling Chronicle | date=9 March 2019 | url=https://thedarjeelingchronicle.com/darjeeling-games-we-played/ | access-date=17 February 2022 | archive-date=17 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217133744/https://thedarjeelingchronicle.com/darjeeling-games-we-played/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Films==
Darjeeling is also a popular setting for [[Bollywood]] and [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali films]]. Noted Bengali film director [[Satyajit Ray]] shot his film ''[[Kanchenjungha]]'' (1962) here. Bollywood movies such as ''[[Aradhana (1969 film)|Aradhana]]'' (1969), ''[[Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman]]'' (1992),
''[[Main Hoon Na]]'' (2004), [[Parineeta (2005 film)|''Parineeta'']] (2005), ''[[Barfi!]]'' (2012), ''[[Yaariyan (2014 film)|Yaariyan]]'' (2014) and ''[[Jagga Jasoos]]'' (2017) were partially filmed in town.<ref name="darj bollywood">{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/film-shooting-process-on-toy-train-goes-digital/articleshow/84163605.cms|title=Film shooting process on toy train goes digital|last=Singh|first=Bikash|date=6 July 2021|accessdate=6 June 2021|work=The Economic Times|archive-date=6 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706051015/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/film-shooting-process-on-toy-train-goes-digital/articleshow/84163605.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Singh Vogue 2020">{{cite web | last=Singh | first=Deepali | title=7 Bollywood films that will whisk you off to Darjeeling, on Netflix, Amazon Prime Video and Disney+ Hotstar | website=Vogue India | date=13 September 2020 | url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/bollywood-movies-filmed-in-darjeeling-on-netflix-amazon-prime-video-and-disney-hotstar | access-date=22 July 2022 | archive-date=13 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313055706/https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/bollywood-movies-filmed-in-darjeeling-on-netflix-amazon-prime-video-and-disney-hotstar | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Places of interest==

Some notable places to visit include the [[Tiger Hill, Darjeeling|Tiger Hill]] (a panoramic view of [[Mount Everest]] and Mount [[Kangchenjunga|Kanchenjunga]] together), the [[Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park]] (notable for conservation of [[red panda]]s), monasteries, and the tea gardens. The town attracts trekkers and sportsmen seeking to explore the [[Himalayas]], serving as the starting point for climbing attempts on some Indian and Nepali peaks. [[Tenzing Norgay]], one of the two men to first climb [[Mount Everest]], spent most of his adult life in the [[Sherpa people|Sherpa]] community in Darjeeling. His success provided the impetus to establish the [[Himalayan Mountaineering Institute]] in Darjeeling in 1954. In the [[Tibetan Refugee Self-Help Centre]], Tibetan crafts like carpets, wood, and leather work are displayed. Colonial architecture is exemplified in Darjeeling by cottages, [[St. Andrew's Church, Darjeeling]] [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] churches,<ref name="HTbuildings">{{cite web|title=Darjeeling's British legacy: A journey in time|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/darjeeling-s-british-legacy-a-journey-in-time/story-7hPeYh3E6MvdCISrqNDUzM.html|work=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=11 June 2017|access-date=12 February 2022|archive-date=12 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212232722/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/darjeeling-s-british-legacy-a-journey-in-time/story-7hPeYh3E6MvdCISrqNDUzM.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Darjeeling Planters' Club|Planters' Club]],<ref name="The Statesman 2020">{{cite web | title=Planters Club members want lost glory back | website=The Statesman | date=14 February 2020 | url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/planters-club-members-want-lost-glory-back-1502855976.html | access-date=13 February 2022 | archive-date=13 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213165754/https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/planters-club-members-want-lost-glory-back-1502855976.html | url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Raj Bhavan, Darjeeling|Raj Bhawan]] and various educational institutions.<ref name="archi"/>{{sfn | Bhattacharya | 2013 | p=442–61}} Several monasteries like [[Ghoom Monastery]] (8 km or 5 miles from the town), [[Bhutia Busty monastery]], [[Mag-Dhog Yolmowa Monastery|Mag-Dhog Yolmowa]] preserve ancient Buddhist scripts. A [[Peace Pagoda, Darjeeling|Peace Pagoda]] was built in 1992 by the Japanese Buddhist organisation [[Nipponzan Myohoji]].<ref name="outlooktraveller 2018">{{cite web | title=A Peace Pagoda Pathway: Discover The Lesser-Seen Locations Around India | work=Outlook Traveller | date=5 September 2018 | url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/69012/a-peace-pagoda-pathway-discover-the-lesser-seen-locations-around-india | access-date=13 February 2022 | archive-date=13 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213195156/https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/69012/a-peace-pagoda-pathway-discover-the-lesser-seen-locations-around-india | url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Mahakal Temple, Darjeeling|Mahakal Temple]] on [[Observatory Hill, Darjeeling|Observatory Hill]] is a pilgrimage site for Hindu and Buddhists.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/67546/mahakal-mandir-darjeeling |title=There is much more to the queen of hill stations than clock towers, post offices, toy trains and tea. Welcome to the land of pious pleasure and holiness...on a height! |last=Chodon |first=Thinley |work=Outlook Traveller |date=21 June 2018 |access-date=23 April 2022 |archive-date=15 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815131434/https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/67546/mahakal-mandir-darjeeling |url-status=live }}</ref> Although tourists have come to Darjeeling in vastly greater numbers after India's economic liberalisation, they have spent less on average, resulting in Darjeeling's luxury tourism increasingly giving way to [[mass tourism]].{{sfn|Brown|Scrase|Ganguly-Scrase|2017|p=535}} Since 2012, Darjeeling has once again witnessed a steady inflow of both domestic and international tourists. As of 2015, around 50,000 foreign and 500,000 domestic tourists visit Darjeeling each year,<ref>{{cite web |title=Darjeeling hills showing highly positive tourist inflow picture |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-05-24/news/39502040_1_legendary-toy-train-festive-season-eastern-himalayan-tour |website=timesofindia-economictimes |access-date=30 December 2015 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305145023/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-05-24/news/39502040_1_legendary-toy-train-festive-season-eastern-himalayan-tour |url-status=dead }}</ref> the so-called "Queen of the Hills" continuing to appeal strongly to the imagination of tourists.{{sfn | Middleton | Shneiderman | 2018 | p=1}}

==See also==
[[Chowrasta (Darjeeling)|Chowrasta]]

[[Culture of West Bengal]]

==Citations==
{{commons category}}
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite journal | last=Bhattacharya | first=Nandini | title=Leisure, economy and colonial urbanism: Darjeeling, 1835–1930 | journal=Urban History | volume=40 | issue=3 | date=1 August 2013 | pages=442–461 | pmid=24273391 | doi=10.1017/S0963926813000394 | pmc=3837203 }}
*{{citation|last1=Brown|first1=Trent|last2=Scrase|first2=Timothy J.|last3=Ganguly-Scrase|first3=Ruchira|title=Globalised dreams, local constraints: migration and youth aspirations in an Indian regional town|journal=Children's Geographies|volume=15|issue=5|year=2017|pages=531–544|doi=10.1080/14733285.2016.1274948|s2cid=152220638 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Globalised_dreams_local_constraints_migration_and_youth_aspirations_in_an_Indian_regional_town/27503613}}
* {{cite book| editor1-last=Middleton|editor1-first=Townsend|editor2-last=Shneiderman|editor2-first=Sara|title=Darjeeling Reconsidered: Histories, Politics, Environments|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New Delhi|year=2018|isbn=978-0-19-948355-6}}
* {{cite book | author=West Bengal (India) | title=West Bengal District Gazetteers: Darjeeling | publisher=State editor, West Bengal District Gazetteers | series=Gazetteer of India | year=1980 | url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.08794 | access-date=5 February 2022}}
{{Darjeeling}}

[[Category:Darjeeling]]
[[Category:Culture of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Culture of India by city|Darjeeling]]

Mumtaz Khan (field hockey)

2026-04-13T03:27:58Z

IolaWatriama22: added some post added tags...

{{Short description|Indian hockey player (born 2003)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Mumtaz Khan
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2003|1|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| height =
| weight =
| position = Forward
| years1 =
| clubs1 = Indian Oil Corporation Ltd
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 = 2025–
| clubs2 = [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| nationalyears1 =
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national under-21 field hockey team|India U21]]
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| nationalyears2 = 2023–
| nationalteam2 = [[India women's national field hockey team|India]]
| nationalcaps2 = 19
| nationalgoals2 = 6
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|2025 Hangzhou]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Field hockey at the Youth Olympic Games|Youth Olympic Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2018 Summer Youth Olympics|2018 Buenos Aires]]|[[Field hockey at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics – Girls' tournament|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Hockey Junior Asia Cup|Junior Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2024 Women's Hockey Junior Asia Cup|2024 Muscat]]|}}
}}
'''Mumtaz Khan''' (born 15 January 2003)<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Mumtaz Khan Profile |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/players/mumtaz-khan-profile-1639 |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=Hockey India |language=en}}</ref> is an [[India women's national field hockey team|Indian women's field hockey]] player from [[Uttar Pradesh]]. She plays as a forward. She made her senior India debut in February 2024 at the FIH pro-league at [[Bhubaneswar]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ganesan |first=Uthra |date=2024-02-03 |title=FIH Pro League 2023-24: Indian women's team loses 2-1 to China in campaign opener |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/india-women-lose-china-fih-pro-league-2023-24-bhubaneswar-score-highlights-goals-summary/article67808710.ece |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> She plays for Indian Oil Corporation Limited in the domestic tournaments.<ref name=":2" />

== Personal life ==
Khan hails from Lucknow. Her parents, Kaiser Jahan and Hafiz Khan, sell vegetables on a push cart. She has five sisters Farha, Shanaz, Tarannum, Shireen, Sania and a brother, Armaan. Since the family has no house of their own, they stay in the house of her mother's brother (mama).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Meet Mumtaz Khan, rickshaw-puller's daughter part of India's medal-winning Junior Hockey Team |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-meet-mumtaz-khan-rickshaw-puller-s-daughter-part-of-india-s-medal-winning-junior-hockey-team-asia-cup-2023-3047877 |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> She started playing hockey in 2014. In 2023, she secured employment with [[Indian Oil Corporation]].

== Career ==
In 2017, Khan was selected for the Junior India team. She was part of the Indian team that won silver at the 3rd [[2018 Youth Olympics|Youth Olympics]] Games 2018, Buenos Aires, Argentina.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2023-04-19 |title=Mumtaz Khan keen to impress with Indian women's hockey team |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/mumtaz-khan-impress-indian-womens-hockey-team-youth-olympics-2018/article66755070.ece |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> She was also part of the girls u-18 team that won bronze medal at the Asia Cup.<ref name=":1" /> She was India's top scorer with eight goals at the [[2022 Women's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup]] in [[South Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lahiri |first=Dipankar |date=2022-04-22 |title=Never got the respect I thought I deserved: Junior hockey star Mumtaz Khan |url=https://thebridge.in/hockey/mumtaz-khan-junior-hockey-star-never-got-respect-i-deserved-30873 |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref> She made her Hockey5s senior India debut at the Hero FIH Hockey 5s [[Lausanne]] 2022<ref name=":0" /> After a layout due to an injury,<ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |date=2023-04-20 |title=Hockey: Mumtaz Khan eager to earn her place in national team after bouncing back from injuries |url=https://scroll.in/field/1047704/hockey-mumtaz-khan-eager-to-earn-her-place-in-national-team-after-bouncing-back-from-injuries |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> she is back in the senior India team for the FIH pro-league at Bhubaneswar, where she got her maiden India cap against China on 2 February 2024. In January 2024, she was part of the Indian team that won silver at the [[2024 Women's FIH Hockey5s World Cup]] in [[Muscat]], [[Oman]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2024-01-27 |title=FIH Hockey5s Women's World Cup: India beats South Africa 6-3 to enter final |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/fih-hockey5s-womens-world-cup-india-beats-south-africa-6-3-to-enter-final/article67782298.ece |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

== Awards ==

* In 2021, she received [[FIH Player of the Year Awards|FIH]] Women's Rising Star of the Year award.<ref name=":0" />
* In 2022, she received [[Hockey India]]’s Asunta Lakra Award for Upcoming Player of the Year.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.hockeyindia.org/players/mumtaz-khan-profile-1639 Mumtaz Khan] at [[Hockey India]]

{{India FHW Squad 2025 Asia Cup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Mumtaz}}
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women's field hockey players]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women's field hockey forwards]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Payal Nag

2026-04-12T17:30:37Z

IolaWatriama22: made the post w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian para archer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}

'''Payal Nag''' (born 2008) is an Indian para archer from [[Odisha]]. She is a quadruple amputee.<ref name="rediff">{{Cite web |title=Teenage Archer Payal Nag Clinches Gold, India Dominates World Archery Para Series |url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/report/payal-nag-dethrones-sheetal-in-para-archery/20260404.htm |access-date=8 April 2026 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Nag is from Balangir, Odisha.<ref name="rediff"/> Her father is a daily wage mason.<ref name="indiatoday"/> In Class 3, she lost all her four limbs in an electrocution accident at the age of eight.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2026 |title=Payal Nag, who saw Sheetal Devi’s video and started Para Archery, defeats her idol for gold medal |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/payal-nag-sheetal-devi-idol-para-archery-gold-medal-10619360/ |access-date=8 April 2026 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Anirudh |date=5 April 2026 |title=Meet Payal Nag: World's first limbless archer who beat Sheetal Devi to World Archery Para Series gold |url=https://www.espn.in/olympics/story/_/id/48399809/meet-payal-nag-world-first-limbless-archer-beat-sheetal-devi-world-archery-para-series-gold |access-date=8 April 2026 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> Four years after the accident, she was admitted to an orphanage, Parvatigiri Balniketan, in [[Balangir]], with the help of the district collector.<ref name="telanganatoday">{{Cite web |date=23 March 2025 |title=Defying all odds to script success: Meet Payal Nag, an archer without hands and feet |url=https://telanganatoday.com/defying-all-odds-to-script-success-meet-payal-nag-an-archer-without-hands-and-feet |access-date=8 April 2026 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2025 |title=Meet Payal Nag, para-archery star in the making and among standout performers at Khelo India Para Games |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/meet-payal-nag-para-archery-star-in-the-making-khelo-india-para-games-2025-13873770.html |access-date=8 April 2026 |website=First Post}}</ref> It was Sheetal Devi's coach Kuldeep Vedwan, who also spotted and trained her at the Maata Vaishno Devi Shrine Archery Academy in Katra.<ref name="rediff"/><ref name="indiatimes">{{Cite news |date=7 April 2026 |title=India's unstoppable daughter: Who is Payal Nag - World’s first quadruple amputee archer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/130082222.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst |access-date=8 April 2026 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Her elder sister Varsha Nag, stays at the academy as her caregiver.<ref name="telanganatoday"/>

== Career ==
She won a gold medal beating [[Sheetal Devi]] in the final at the World Archery Para Series in Bangkok on 4 April 2026.<ref name="indiatoday">{{Cite web |date=6 April 2026 |title=Graceful in defeat, Sheetal Devi helps limbless archer Payal Nag on podium: Video |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/payal-nag-wins-para-archery-gold-sheetal-devi-sportsmanship-bangkok-2892466-2026-04-06 |access-date=8 April 2026 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> She beat the World No.1 Devi 139–136 in the Compound event final in only her second international event.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2026 |title=Quadruple amputee Payal Nag beats Sheetal Devi to clinch gold in World Para Archery Series |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/archery/payal-nag-quadruple-amputee-archer-beats-sheetal-devi-world-para-archery-series-2026-bangkok-indian-medallists/article70823056.ece |access-date=8 April 2026 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> She made her international debut at the [[Dubai]] 2025 Asian Youth Para Games.<ref name="rediff"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mamgaain |first=Tushar |date=7 April 2026 |title=Sheetal Devi Helps Limbless Archer Payal Nag After Defeat, Gesture Wins Hearts. Video |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/archery/sheetal-devi-helps-limbless-archer-payal-nag-after-defeat-gesture-wins-hearts-video-11321066 |access-date=8 April 2026 |website=NDTV}}</ref> In December 2025, she beat her idol, Sheetal Devi for the first time at the Para Archery Nationals in [[Jaipur]].<ref name="indiatimes"/><ref name="thelogicalindian">{{Cite web |date=19 December 2025 |title=17-Year-Old Quadruple Amputee Payal Nag Stuns with Double Gold Over Paralympic Star Sheetal Devi - The Logical Indian |url=https://thelogicalindian.com/17-year-old-quadruple-amputee-payal-nag-stuns-with-double-gold-over-paralympic-star-sheetal-devi/ |access-date=8 April 2026 |language=en-US}}</ref> In her first major event in March 2025, she won a Compound Open silver at the [[Khelo India Para Games]] in Delhi.<ref name="thelogicalindian"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nag, Payal}}
[[Category:2008 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female archers]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Odisha]]
[[Category:People without hands]]
[[Category:People from Balangir district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Murder of Rajdev Ranjan

2026-04-09T14:02:28Z

IolaWatriama22: added the post w/ infobox...

{{Short description|2016 murder incident in Bihar, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Rajdev Ranjan 
| honorific_suffix =
| image = File:Rajdev Ranjan, a murdered Indian journalist.jpg 
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| birth_date = ca. 1971 
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| death_date = May 13, 2016
| death_place = [[Siwan, Bihar|Siwan]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| death_cause = Gunshot to the head between the eyes, and shot in the neck
| body_discovered = near his office and Station Road in the Siwan market area
| monuments =
| other_names = Rajdeo Ranjan
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Journalist and bureau chief
| years_active = 1994-2016
| era =
| employer = ''Hindustan Daily''
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| known_for = frequently writing against Shahabuddin, former RJD MP, who was serving life imprisonment for the murder of two brothers
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| spouse = Asha Devi
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| children = 2 (1 son and 1 daughter)
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}}
'''Rajdev Ranjan''', also known as Rajdeo Ranjan<ref name="cpj">{{cite web|url=https://cpj.org/killed/2016/rajdev-ranjan.php|title=Rajdev Ranjan - Journalists Killed |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists}}</ref> (c. 1971 – May 13, 2016), who was an Indian journalist for the ''[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan Daily]]'' in [[Siwan, Bihar]], [[India]], was killed in a drive-by shooting. His death received significant media coverage and was seen as a threat to journalism and [[freedom of expression in India]]. He is known to have been writing against [[Mohammad Shahabuddin (Indian politician)|Mohammad Shahabuddin]], a former [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] [[Member of parliament|MP]], who was serving a life sentence in connection with the murder of two brothers.<ref name="timesofindia2">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Senior-journalist-shot-dead-in-Bihar/articleshow/52259063.cms|title=Senior journalist shot dead in Bihar|publisher=Times of India |date=May 13, 2016}}</ref> Five [[contract killers]] were arrested, during the same month of Ranjan's murder, on May 25, 2016.<ref name="DC">{{cite news|last1=Azad|first1=Nayear|title=Bihar: Shooters arrested in murder of journalist Rajdev Ranjan, ex-RJD MP suspect|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/250516/bihar-shooters-arrested-in-murder-of-journalist-rajdev-ranjan-ex-rjd-mp-suspect.html|access-date=28 May 2016|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=25 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="indianexpress3">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/two-detained-for-murder-of-bihar-journalist-rajdev-ranjan-2799913/|title=Three detained for murder of Bihar journalist Rajdev Ranjan|date=May 14, 2016|publisher=Indian Express}}</ref>

==Personal==
Rajdev Ranjan was 45-year-old at the time of his death.<ref name=thehindu /> He had a law degree, in addition to his post-graduate degree.<ref name="The Indian Express">{{cite web|title=Journalist Rajdev Ranjan shot dead in Bihar|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/bihar-journalist-rajdev-ranjan-shot-dead-siwan-2799308/|publisher=The Indian Express|date=May 14, 2016}}</ref>

Ranjan was married to Asha Devi, a teacher, and he was murdered on May 13, 2016, the day before his wedding anniversary.<ref name=thehindu /><ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news|last=Karmakar|first=Debashish|title=Bikers gun down senior journalist in Bihar's Siwan|work=The Times of India|date=May 13, 2016|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Siwan-journalist-shot-dead/articleshow/52260820.cms}}</ref> He and his wife had two school-aged children, a boy and a girl.<ref name=thehindu /> Ranjan had lived with his family at Mahadev Mission compound in Siwan.<ref name="The Indian Express" /> His remains were cremated.<ref name=thehindu />

==Career==
Rajdev Ranjan started his career as a stringer from Siwan when he started at the ''Hindustan Daily'' in 1994. For over 24 years, Rajdev Ranjan had been an active journalist for the Hindi-language ''Hindustan Daily''. As a journalist, his main focus had been reporting on politics and crime. Ranjan worked as a staff member before he was promoted to the bureau chief position, a position which he held for about seven years until his murder. As bureau chief, he was in charge of a group of six journalists.<ref name="The Indian Express" /><ref name= dnaindia>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/bihar/senior-journalist-rajdev-ranjan-shot-dead-in-bihar_1884880.html|title=Senior journalist Rajdev Ranjan shot dead in Bihar|date=13 May 2016|publisher=}}</ref> The ''Hindustan Daily'' is a branch of the Hindustan Times Media company.<ref name="First Post" />

Ranjan had reported against former RJD MP Mohammad Shahabuddin at least 4 times. One month before his murder, Ranjan reported on state politician [[Abdul Ghafoor (Saharsa politician)|Abdul Ghafoor's]] meeting and meal shared with imprisoned Shahabuddin inside the Siwan prison.<ref name=cpj /><ref name=gulfnews>{{cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/news/asia/india/bihar-cm-recommends-cbi-probe-into-murder-of-journalist-1.1828750|title=Bihar CM recommends CBI probe into murder of journalist|first=Lata Rani|last=Correspondent|date=16 May 2016|publisher=}}</ref> Ranjan's name also appeared on a hit list that is claimed by Ranjan's wife to be made by Shahabuddin himself.<ref name="India Today">{{cite web|last=Tiwari|first=Siddharth|title=Slain journalist Rajdev Ranjan was 7th on Shahabuddin's hit list|publisher=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/slain-journalist-rajdev-ranjan-was-7th-on-shahabuddins-hit-list-323891-2016-05-16}}</ref>

==Death==
{{Location map+|India|AlternativeMap =
| float = left
| position = left
| width = 200
|caption= Siwan within India relative to the capital New Delhi.
|alt = Siwan is located in India.
|places=
{{Location map~ | India
|lat_deg=28 |lat_min=36 |lat_sec=50 |lat_dir=N
|lon_deg=77 |lon_min=12 |lon_sec=32 |lon_dir=E
|position=top
|background=#FFFFFF
|label=New Delhi
}}
{{Location map~ | India
|lat_deg= 26 |lat_min= 13 |lat_sec= 10 |lat_dir= N
|lon_deg=84 |lon_min= 21 |lon_sec= 23 |lon_dir= E
|position=top
|background=#FFFFFF
|label= Siwan
}}

}}Rajdev Ranjan was by Siwan railway station on his way to his office from gathering news when he was murdered by attackers on bikes. Ranjan received gunshot wounds to the neck and head, both at close-range. He had first been shot between the eyes and in the neck. The shooting occurred at approximately 8 p.m. in the Siwan market area. Ranjan died later at a hospital.<ref name="The Times of India" />

Ranjan's killers may be members of a gang in Siwan. Ranjan's family met with local [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] MP [[Om Prakash Yadav]], who said, "I am absolutely sure that Shahabuddin is behind Rajdev's killing." Ranjan had been threatened before and once had been held at gunpoint, according to several of his fellow journalists.<ref name="The Times of India" /> Convicted murderer [[Mohammed Shahabuddin]] allegedly had made a hit list and Ranjan's name was seventh on that list. According to Ranjan's wife, he was aware of such a list and told her about people on the list who had been killed before his name.<ref name="India Today" />

===Investigation===
The Siwan police started the investigation. They brought several items to Siwan forensic scientists to examine, such as "a 7.65 mm pistol with two cartridges and three motorcycles allegedly used by the assailants."<ref name=DC /> Ranjan's assailants are believed by investigators to have been hired by Laddan Mian (or Miyan), Shahabuddin's aide, which could link Shahabuddin to the crime, but he was released after 14 days of questioning.<ref name=DC /><ref name="indianexpress6">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/bihar-journalist-rajdev-ranjan-murder-shahabuddins-close-aid-and-key-accused-laddan-miyan-surrenders-2829946/|title=Siwan journalist murder: Prime accused surrenders in court, says being framed|date=3 June 2016|publisher=}}</ref> Police held three people for questioning about the murder of Rajdev Ranjan, who all said they were disturbed by what Ranjan had been reporting.<ref name=thehindu /> The alleged shooters mentioned Shahabuddin's name multiple times during questioning about who the leader was in this attack. Authorities have been attempting to find evidence from Ranjan's cell phone and CCTV footage that may shed light on the murder.<ref name=thehindu />

The [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) started a case on Ranjan's murder. They continued the investigation that the police of Siwan had started in which it became apparent that the murder had been planned out. The CBI team consisted of three inspectors, two deputy superintendents of police, and five sub-inspectors.<ref name="First Post">{{cite web|last1=Ians|title=Bihar: CBI files case in Rajdev Ranjan murder case|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/cbi-files-case-in-rajdev-ranjan-murder-case-3006222.html|website=First Post}}</ref>

During the investigation, Shahabuddin was released from prison. He was seen with a man by the name of [[Mohammad Kaif]]. Kaif has been running from the law since his part in the murder of three brothers. In addition, Kaif was wanted for Ranjan's murder, and photographs of him with Shahabuddin have caused Asha Devi, Ranjan's widow, and Ranjan's co-workers to question if there had been an arrangement between the two for Ranjan's death.<ref name="India Today 2">{{cite web|last1=Mathur|first1=Avarnita|title=Man wanted for journalist's murder received Shahabuddin when the don came out of jail|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/shahabuddin-spotted-with-shooter-mohammad-kaif-rajdev-ranjan-murder-340909-2016-09-13|website=India Today}}</ref> Mohammad Kaif, who police say is a prime suspect in the murder, surrendered and was taken into custody.<ref name="Daily News and Analysis">{{cite web|title=Bihar: SC asks CBI to conclude probe into journalist Rajdev Ranjan murder case|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bihar-sc-asks-cbi-to-conclude-its-probe-into-journalist-rajdev-ranjan-murder-case-2264962|website=Daily News and Analysis}}</ref>

Two other people have recently been brought to light as connected with Ranjan's murderer.<ref name="Daily News">{{cite web|title=Rajdev Ranjan's killers seen with RJD leaders; SC seeks report from judge|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-rajdev-ranjan-s-killers-seen-with-rjd-leaders-sc-seeks-report-from-judge-2265084|website=Daily News and Analysis|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> Shahabuddin and several other important leaders have been spotted with several of the people accused of murdering Ranjan, including Mohammad Kaif and Mohammad Javed. Mohammad Javed has still not been found.<ref name="Daily News and Analysis" />

In the CBI investigation of the crime scene and discussion with the Siwan police, who originally had been handling the case, there have been six suspects allegedly involved in the murder of Rajdev Ranjan. The list of suspects include Azaharuddin Beig, Rohit Kumr Soni, Vijay Kumar Gupta, Rajesh Kumar, Sonu Kumar Gupta, and Rishu Kumar Jaiswal. The apex court is not allowing bail for the six people suspected in Ranjan's murder. The bail is not currently being allowed because the investigation is still underway by the CBI. Shahabuddin is claims the men were not accused until later after which he had already met them.<ref name= "Daily News" />

The CBI had asked for six months to investigate the murder but was only granted three months to do so by the apex court.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}

==Context==
Ranjan was allegedly targeted "as a result of having published several articles in the ''Hindustan Daily'' concerning the questionable actions of Shahabuddin." Ranjan's most recent work published against Shahabuddin had been a photograph of Shahabuddin in jail where he is being held, eating with the Bihar Minister Abdul Gafoor. Angered by Ranjan's work, Shahabuddin supposedly placed Ranjan's name as seventh on his hit list.<ref name="India Today" /> Shahabuddin is thought to have then "hired five people to murder Ranjan."<ref name=DC /> The shooting took place under the Town police station in Dakshin Tola, where four gunshots were heard. There are journalist friends of Ranjan's who said "someone had held Ranjan at gunpoint to threaten him about ten years ago."<ref name="The Times of India" /> Asha Devi, Ranjan's widow, believes that Ranjan had been a target of Shahabuddin's for his work a while before he was murdered.<ref name="India Today" /> A colleague of Ranjan's said that Ranjan "had received a phone call that evening and had left in a hurry," something "uncharacteristic of Ranjan" according to the source.<ref name="The Indian Express" /> This is not the first in a string of murders and attempted murders committed by people connected to Shahabuddin; there had been other names on Shahabuddin's hit list, one of which, Rajeev Roshan, had been murdered as well in 2014. Ranjan had written an article about Chawanni Singh, Shahabuddin's sharp shooter, and about how police were making progress in a murder case involving Singh. He had written the article just before his murder.<ref name="India Today" /> Back in 2014, police had discovered that Shahabuddin had made a hit list contain twenty-three names. According to police, it was evident that "the list was made in order of who was a priority to kill first."{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} Ranjan's coworkers at the Hindustan have said that Ranjan had "received previous threats from people working for Shahabuddin, and he is not the only one to have gotten them." Ranjan's wife said that Ranjan had even once "received a threat that his office would be burned down."{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}

==Impact==
One day before Ranjan's murder, another journalist, Indradeo Yadav, was shot in [[Chatra district]], [[Jharkhand]].<ref name=ndtv>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/senior-journalist-shot-dead-in-bihar-at-point-blank-range-1406014|title=In 24 Hours, Two Journalists Shot Dead In Bihar And Jharkhand|publisher=ndtv|date=May 14, 2016}}</ref>

While those two murders were being investigated, the [[Press Council of India]] advocated for a law that would guide the investigations into the murder of journalists across the country. A statement was issued by the organization's chief who was Supreme Court judge: "It is a matter of grave concern that three journalists were killed in the country in the last four months and another died in a tragic accident while on the line of duty. I urge upon the [[Government of India]] to enact a special law for protection of journalists and speedy trial of cases of attacks and assaults them in special fast track courts as recommended by the Sub-Committee for [[Safety of journalists|Safety of Journalists]] appointed by the Press Council.<ref name= indianexpress8>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/bihar-rajdeo-ranjan-press-council-seeks-special-law-to-protect-scribes-2800866/|title=Press Council seeks special law to protect scribes|date=14 May 2016|publisher=}}</ref>

==Reactions==
[[Irina Bokova]], director-general of [[UNESCO]], said, "I condemn the murder of Rajdev Ranjan. I call on the authorities to investigate these killings to prevent impunity for all crimes against freedom of expression and freedom of information from taking root."<ref name= unesco>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/news/director-general-condemns-murder-journalists-akhilesh-pratap-singh-and-rajdev-ranjan-india|title=Director-General condemns murder of journalists Akhilesh Pratap Singh and Rajdev Ranjan in India - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|publisher=UNESCO|date=18 May 2016}}</ref>

There has been a call for justice against Ranjan's murderers by the journalists of Siwan.<ref name=thehindu>{{cite news|title=Three detained in connection with killing of journalist in Siwan |newspaper=The Hindu |date=May 14, 2016 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/three-detained-in-connection-with-killing-of-journalist-rajdeo-ranjan-in-bihars-siwan/article8600789.ece}}</ref>

The Bihar government had attempted to make a move to prevent Shahabuddin from being released from jail, but it was not successful even though they had said they had their finest lawyers on the job. Because of this, the government has been heavily criticized lately by a large number of siwan citizens.<ref name="India Today 2" /> People became increasingly disturbed when two leaders, Shahabuddin and Bihar Health Minister Tej pratapYadav, were spotted with two of Ranjan's supposed killers.<ref name="Daily News" />

Rajdev Ranjan's wife Asha Devi said that officials are not doing enough in the investigation out of fear of Shahabuddin.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|title=Scribe murder case: SC asks CBI to conclude probe in 3 months|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/journalist-rajdev-ranjan-murder-case-supreme-court-asks-cbi-to-complete-probe-in-three-months/article9230197.ece?...|newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 October 2016}}</ref> Asha Devi has been working to get the case transferred from Siwan to Delhi in hopes of it being better managed.<ref name="The Hindu" /> In response to the photographs of Shahabuddin with Kaif, Devi said, "How is it that the police did not know where the culprits were? Strict action should be taken against them. [[Nitish Kumar]] did not take cognizance of the matter, that is why I had to go to Delhi. He should correct his mistake and he should make proceedings against these culprits. CBI should take the murder probe, until then the truth will not come out."<ref name="India Today 2" />

Ranjan's family was visited by [[Prem Kumar (politician)|Prem Kumar]], leader of the opposition [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name="The Hindu" /> Many leaders have shown their distress concerning the murder of Rajdev Ranjan, several of which were seen at the gathering offering condolences to Ranjan's family, including other BJP politicians [[Mangal Pandey (Bihar politician)|Mangal Pandey]] and [[Sushil Kumar Modi]].<ref name="The Hindu" /> Assistant director general Sunil Kumar is quoted to have said, "Criminals involved in the murder will not be spared no matter how powerful they are."<ref name=DC />

==See also==
* [[List of journalists killed in India]]

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ranjan, Rajdev}}
[[Category:Crime in Bihar]]
[[Category:May 2016 in India]]
[[Category:Assassinated Indian journalists]]
[[Category:2016 murders in India]]

Siege of Jalalabad (1710)

2026-04-06T03:49:16Z

IolaWatriama22: created some post from scratch!

{{Short description|Conflict in the Mughal-Sikh Wars}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Siege of Jalalabad
| partof = [[Mughal-Sikh Wars]]
| image =
| caption =
| date = July–August 1710{{sfn|Sagoo|2001|p=169-172}}
| place = [[Jalalabad, Muzaffarnagar]], [[Indian subcontinent|India]]
| territory =
| result = Mughal victory<ref>{{Cite book |last=Muzzafar |first=Alam |title=The Crisis of Empire in Mughal North India: Awadh and Punjab, 1707-48 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2013 |isbn=9780199082384 |pages=147|quote=The army of Jalal Khan Rohilla, Fajudar of the sarkar and Saiyid Taj-ud-Din Barha which effected a crushing defeat on the Sikhs in 1710 in Jalalabad comprised a sizeable number of zamindars along with the shurafa of the region.}}</ref>
| combatant1 = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] [[Mughal Empire]]
| combatant2 = [[File:Kattar Dhal Talwar.png|25px]] First Sikh State
| commander1 = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|20px]] [[Jalal Khan Orakzai]] [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|20px]] Dindar Ali Khan [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|20px]] Hazbar Khan{{KIA}} [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|20px]] Jamal Khan{{KIA}} [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|20px]] Pir Khan{{KIA}} [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|20px]] Saiyid Taj-ud-Din Barha
| commander2 = [[File:Kattar Dhal Talwar.png|20px]] [[Banda Singh Bahadur]]
| strength1 = 5,400–6,400 according to Sagoo, and unknown number of [[Ghazi (warrior)|Ghazi]]s{{sfn|Sagoo|2001|p=170}} 12,000 according to IHC<ref name="Indian History Congress 1961 143">{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=0x7jAAAAMAAJ&q=jalal+khan+rohilla+sadat |title= Proceedings - Indian History Congress |author= Indian History Congress |date=1961 |page= 143 |quote=A Saharanpur, but Jalal Khan Rohilla, many Sadat and others numbering 6,000 sawars and the same number of foot had faced them near thana Jalalabad and Muzaffarnagar, referred to a popular belief that the guru was God Shankar himself ...
}}</ref>
| strength2 = 70,000–80,000{{sfn|Sagoo|2001|p=171}}
| casualties1 = High
| casualties2 = High
}}
{{Campaignbox Mughal-Sikh Wars}}

The '''siege of Jalalabad''' occurred in 1710 between the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]]{{efn|made up of Afghans}} forces of [[Jalal Khan Orakzai|Jalal Khan]] and the Sikh forces of [[Banda Singh Bahadur]]. Banda Singh Bahadur attacked the Mughal stronghold of [[Jalalabad, Muzaffarnagar|Jalalabad]]. The army opposing Banda Singh was composed of a sizeable number of the Mughal [[zamindar]]s and [[shurafa]], including many [[Sadaat-e-Bara|Sadat]],<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=yXZCAAAAYAAJ&q=jalal+khan+and+many+sadat |title= Proceedings, Volume 24 |date= 1963 |last1= Congress |first1= Indian History }}</ref> Banda Singh Bahadur repelled Mughal and [[Pathan]] forces after four days from the battlefield and back into the town, but failed to capture the town and withdrew.<ref name="jalalabad">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges|page=484|author= Jacques, Tony|year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-33536-5}}</ref>

==Background==
Banda Singh Bahadur was notified that Sikh people were imprisoned and persecuted in the village of Unarsa, and the conditions were distressing for the [[Hindus]], facing cruel treatment and tyranny in the town of Jalalabad, ruled by Jalal Khan Orakzai, a [[Rohilla|Rohilla Afghan]] of high renown and military experience.{{sfn|Sagoo|2001|p=168-169}} Banda Singh sent his emissaries to Jalal Khan to stop the oppression against the non-Muslims but his messengers were mistreated by being put on horses and paraded through the town, afterwards being sent back.{{sfn|Sagoo|2001|p=167}} Therefore, Banda Singh Bahadur marched towards Jalalabad.<ref>{{cite book|title=Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty|last=Sagoo|first=Harbans Kaur|url=https://archive.org/details/BandaSinghBahadurAndSikhSovereignty/page/n183/mode/1up |year=2001|isbn=9788176293006|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |pages=168, 169}}</ref> On the way to Jalalabad, Banda Singh defeated, captured and plundered [[Sarsawa]], [[Saharanpur]], Beyhut, Ambeyta, [[Nanauta]], with half the administrative towns of Saharanpur falling under Sikh rule.{{sfn|Sagoo|2001|p=170}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Surjit|url= https://archive.org/details/SikhsInTheEighteenthCentury/page/39/mode/2up|title= Sikhs In The Eighteenth Century|page=37|date=1999}}</ref>

==Battle and siege==
Upon hearing of the nearby villages assailed by the Sikhs and their advance towards his capital, Jalal Khan the former [[faujdar]] and Sayyid Taj-ud-Din Barha began preparations to defend his town and fort.<ref>{{cite book |quote=Next, the Sikhs wrote to Jalal Khan, former faujdar, calling upon him to submit. He lived at a town founded by him, and called Jalalabad, it lies about thirty miles south of Saharanpur and about twenty miles west of Deoband. |title= Later Mughal |page=102 |author=William Irvine |date=1971 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC&dq=jalalabad+founded+by+jalal+khan&pg=PA101 }}</ref> He dispatched an army of musketeers, archers and cavalry to provide relief to the besieged villages. The arrival of Jalal Khan's reinforcements encouraged and emboldened the besieged [[Ryot|peasantry]] and villagers to engage the Sikhs in battle. His army in Saharanpur were composed of [[Sayyid]]s and other [[zamindar]]s numbering 6,000 cavalry.<ref name="Indian History Congress 1961 143">{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=0x7jAAAAMAAJ&q=jalal+khan+rohilla+sadat |title= Proceedings - Indian History Congress |author= Indian History Congress |date=1961 |page= 143 |quote=A Saharanpur, but Jalal Khan Rohilla, many Sadat and others numbering 6,000 sawars and the same number of foot had faced them near thana Jalalabad and Muzaffarnagar, referred to a popular belief that the guru was God Shankar himself ...
}}</ref> Several conflicts later ensued between the Sikhs and the ruling class of the region, known as the [[Shurafa]].<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=YDtuAAAAMAAJ&q=jalal+khan+shurafa |title= The Crisis of Empire in Mughal North India: Awadh and the Punjab, 1707-48 |author=Muzaffar Alam |date=1986 |publisher= Oxford University Press |isbn= 978-0-19-561892-1 }}</ref> As the Sikhs advanced halfway from Nanauta to Jalalabad, they were confronted by the [[Mughal army|Mughal Army]] commanded by Jalal Khan's nephew, Hazbar Khan, and his brother in law, Ghulam Mohammad Khan Banira.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mwpDAAAAYAAJ&q=jalal+khan+ghulam+muhammad+banira |title= The Panjab Past and Present: Volume 18 |page=28 |date=1984 }}</ref> The sanguinary battle took place for 3–4 days where the Sikhs caused heavy casualty on the Mughal camp and on the other side while Jalal Khan didn't move outside of Jalalabad, his relatives inflicted heavy losses on the Sikh encampments during their night attacks. Jalal Khan's nephews Jamal Khan and Pir Khan were ultimately killed along with Hazbar Khan and numerous [[Ghazi (warrior)|ghazis]], resulting in the repulsion of the Mughal Army back into the town walls.<ref name="jalalabad"/>{{sfn|Sagoo|2001|p=171}} The town was eventually besieged, the countryside of Jalalabad was devastated by the Sikhs but they were repulsed during their numerous attempts to capture the fort and town. Their tactics included encircling the town with [[wooden cannon]]s, attempting to destroy the town walls, climbing up the walls and burning the gates but they remained unsuccessful. Due to the strong walls of the town, the unpleasant weather that flooded the surrounding of the fort, along with its banks overflowed by the River Krishna, and especially after being notified of urgent calls from the Sikhs of central [[Punjab]] appealing for help against their local [[faujdar]]s, and that the [[Mughal emperors|Mughal emperor]] [[Bahadur Shah I|Bahadur Shah]] had sent reinforcements to recover the lost territories in Punjab, Banda Singh Bahadur abandoned the siege for more urgent matters after 20 days of ineffectual fighting and the loss of several soldiers. At the time of the siege, Banda was reported to have been commanding an army of 70,000-80,000 men.<ref name="jalalabad"/>{{sfn|Sagoo|2001|p=171}}{{sfn|Gandhi|1999|p=38}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{notelist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jalalabad 1710}}
[[Category:Sieges involving the Mughal Empire|Jalalabad 1710]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Sikhs]]
[[Category:1710 in India]]
[[Category:1710 in military history]]
[[Category:1710s in the Mughal Empire]]

Tage Rita

2026-04-05T21:55:11Z

IolaWatriama22: created some pg first draft

{{Short description|Indian agricultural engineer (born 1981)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tage Rita
| image = Nari Shakti Puraskar to Tage Rita Takhe for excellence in promoting women entrepreneurship and local product.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Receiving the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]] for "excellence in promoting women entrepreneurship and local products" in 2022
| birth_date = January 26, 1981
| birth_place = [[Ziro]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[India]]
| othername = Tage Rita Takhe
| occupation = Agricultural Engineer
| yearsactive =
| known for = India's first kiwi wine brewer
| spouse = Takhe Tamo
| parents =
| children = 4
| website = www.naaraaaba.com
| awards = Women Transforming India Awards 2018, Nari Shakti Puraskar 2022.
}}

'''Tage Rita''' is an agricultural engineer from [[Ziro|Ziro Valley]] and is India's first kiwi wine brewer.<ref name=nari>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/videos/entrepreneurship/heres-how-tage-rita-takhe-makes-kiwi-wine-2523881.htm|title=Here's how Tage Rita Takhe makes Kiwi wine}}</ref> In 2018, she was honored with the Women Transforming India Awards, organized by the [[United Nations]] and [[NITI Aayog]].

== Early life and education ==
Tage Rita Takhe was born in the Ziro Valley in [[Arunachal Pradesh]]. She belongs to the [[Apatani people|Apatani]] tribe.
She studied and was trained as an agricultural engineer<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-08 |title=Arunachal's Tage Rita awarded Nari Shakti Puraskar |url=http://www.eastmojo.com/arunachal-pradesh/2022/03/08/arunachals-tage-rita-awarded-nari-shakti-puraskar/ |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=EastMojo |language=en-US}}</ref> at NERIST (North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology) in Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh.

== Career ==
In 2017, Rita invested in a boutique winery - [[Naara Aaba]]. In doing so, she also found the solution to a local problem. She would brew wine from Kiwi, a fruit that was found in abundance in the valley where she lived. She sourced the organic fruit from her orchard and the Kiwi Growers Cooperative Society in Arunachal Pradesh. The farming sector gained assured buyers. Her winemaking process follows traditional methods. It took her six years of research and planning to prepare the right procedure and the correct concoction. The winery has scaled its capacity since 2017 from 20,000 litres to 60,000 litres of wine production currently through 16 tanks.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} The first year of wine production alone supported 300 farmers and brought them back to the kiwi orchards, as they sold around 20 metric tons(20,000 kg) of kiwis to the winery. The process takes about four months from crushing the raw material to bottling. The wine tastes best between six and eight degrees Celsius.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2018/04/28/tage-rita-techi-anna-get-vasundhara-ne-entrepreneur-awards/|title=Tage Rita, Techi Anna get Vasundhara – NE Entrepreneur Awards | The Arunachal Times|date=28 April 2018 }}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/138953/kiwi-farmers-arunachal-ziro/|title=Kiwi Farmers of Arunachal's Ziro Valley Give 'Corky' Twist to Their Future!|date=April 24, 2018|website=The Better India}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/say-cheers-with-first-organic-kiwi-wine/cid/1422260|title=Say cheers with first organic kiwi wine|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/arunachal-pradesh/kiwi-from-arunachal-pradeshs-ziro-valley-now-going-global-5148816/|title=Kiwi from Arunachal Pradesh's Ziro Valley now going global|date=April 25, 2018}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/arunachal-industries-minister-launches-organic-kiwi-wine/business-economy/news/1029436.html|title=Arunachal Industries Minister launches organic Kiwi wine}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://niti.gov.in/content/women-transforming-india-awards-2018|title=Women Transforming India Awards 2018 | NITI Aayog, (National Institution for Transforming India), Government of India|website=niti.gov.in}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://in.one.un.org/women-transforming-india-awards-2018/|title=Women Transforming India Awards 2018|access-date=2019-03-08|archive-date=2019-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608084643/http://in.one.un.org/women-transforming-india-awards-2018/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
On [[International Women's Day]] 2022, she received the 2020 [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]] from President [[Ram Nath Kovind]]. The award is organised annually by the [[Ministry of Women and Child Development]] to recognise the women who create or inspire change.<ref name=orissa>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-08 |title=Leaders cut across political lines to hail Indian women achievers |url=https://www.orissapost.com/leaders-cut-across-political-lines-to-hail-indian-women-achievers/ |access-date=2022-04-30 |website=Odisha News, Odisha Latest news, Odisha Daily - OrissaPOST |language=en-US}}</ref> The ceremony had been postponed because of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]]<ref name="Tatsat">{{cite news |last1=Kainthola |first1=Deepanshu |title=President Presents Nari Shakti Puraskar for the Years 2020, 2021 |url=https://tatsatchronicle.com/president-presents-nari-shakti-puraskar-for-the-years-2020-2021/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Tatsat Chronicle Magazine |date=8 March 2022 |language=en |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309001953/https://tatsatchronicle.com/president-presents-nari-shakti-puraskar-for-the-years-2020-2021/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the ceremony included 72 women vaccinators who had excelled in their work.<ref name=orissa/>

* North East Entrepreneur Award
* Winner of the [[Women Transforming India]] Awards 2018, organized by the [[United Nations]] and [[NITI Aayog]]
* Women Transforming India Awards 2018 by NITI AAYOG in Collaboration with United Nations.
* Felicitation and Citation by Governor of Arunachal Pradesh, Brig. Dr. B.D. Mishra (Retd) on 26th October 2018
* Recipient of Vasundhara Award from Sreemanta Sankara Mission (SSM) Guwahati-2017
* Awarded a pioneer women entrepreneur of Ziro, Lower Subansiri District of Arunachal Pradesh by Helping Hands, a Delhi based NGO headed by Shri Robin Hibu (IPS), 2017.
* Awarded Innovative Entrepreneur- 2017 by SMILE ZIRO, a NGO of Ziro valley.
* Felicitation of and Certificate of Appriciation-2020 by the Department of Women and Child Development, Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh.
* CNBC-18 (a TV channel) made a short story for the International Women's Day 2019 for special telecast.
* Certificate of Appreciation by Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha, 2020.
* AYA Award-2018 by Apatani youth Association - This is a 40 years old youth organization of Ziro Valley.
* ANNYO Award-2019 by a village based youth organization which works towards social harmony and protection of wild life.
* Nominated for 13th National Women Excellence Award-2020 by the Indo European Chamber of Commerce.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Nari Shakti Puraskar}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rita, Tage}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women engineers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:Nari Shakti Puraskar winners]]
[[Category:Winemakers]]
[[Category:Kiwifruit]]

Kothare Vision

2026-03-29T20:05:40Z

IolaWatriama22:

{{Short description|Indian film and television production company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Kothare Vision
| logo = Kothare Vision.png
| logo_caption =
| trading_name = Kothare Vision Pvt. Ltd.
| type = Privately held company
| industry = Entertainment
| founded = 2008
| founder = [[Mahesh Kothare]]
| fate = Active
| hq_location =
| hq_location_city = [[Mumbai]]
| hq_location_country = India
| key_people = Mahesh Kothare (Chairman, managing director) Dinesh Koyande (CEO)
| products = {{plainlist|
* [[Film production|Film]]
* Television
}}
| assets = {{INR|25 lack}} (2017)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kothare Vision Private Limited Information – Kothare Vision Private Limited Company Profile, Kothare Vision Private Limited News on The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/company/ |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref>
| owner = Mahesh Kothare [[Adinath Kothare]]<ref name=":1" />{{Sfn|Srinivas|2022|p=208}}
| website = [http://kotharevision.com/ kotharevision.com]
}}

'''Kothare Vision Private Limited''' ('''KVPL''') [[Trade name|d.b.a]] '''Kothare Vision''' is an Indian [[Film production|film]] and [[Television production|television]] production company based in [[Mumbai]]. In the [[Marathi cinema|Marathi entertainment industry]], Kothare Vision has become one of the most prolific production houses.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=कोठारे व्हिजन्सचा पौराणिक मालिकांकडेच कल का? आदिनाथनेच सांगितलं नेमकं कारण |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/adinath-kothare-share-why-kothare-vision-makes-mythological-serials-more-than-others/articleshow/103544508.cms |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}</ref> Kothare Vision has gained recognition for its mythological series, particularly for hit series such as ''[[Jai Malhar]]'' and ''[[Vithu Mauli]]''.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2023 |title="'जय मल्हार', 'विठू माऊली'...", कोठारे व्हिजन्स का देतंय धार्मिक मालिकांवर भर? आदिनाथ कोठारेने सांगितलं कारण... |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/adinath-kothare-reveals-why-kothare-vision-produce-religious-based-marathi-serial-sva-00-3904532/ |url-access=registration |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>

== Films produced ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Film
! Language
! Notes
! Ref(s)
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Full 3 Dhamaal]]''
| rowspan="4" | Marathi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2015 |title=Full 3 Dhamaal |url=https://marathimovieworld.com/moviedetail/full3dhamaal.php |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=Marathi Movie World |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Zapatlela 2]]''
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=7 June 2013 |title=Cinema gets an extra dimension, and bigger bucks with 3D |url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/T0eSsGeCFAL0IQz1pq8XQP/Cinema-gets-an-extra-dimension-and-bigger-bucks-with-3D.html |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2018
| ''Perspective''
| short film
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=13 November 2021 |title=पहिल्याच भेटीत आदिनाथ पडला होता उर्मिलाच्या प्रेमात... वाचा काय आहे स्टोरी |url=https://www.mensxp.com/marathi/entertainment/marathi-movies/96251-adinath-kothare-biography-in-marathi.html |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=mensxp.com/marathi |language=mr-IN}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[Paani (film)|Paani]]''
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=मेढे |first=जयदीप |date=2024-08-20 |title=सिनेइंडस्ट्रीतील तीन दिग्गज पहिल्यांदाच एकत्र, आदिनाथ कोठारेच्या दिग्दर्शनातील पहिल्या चित्रपटा |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/paani-marathi-movie-release-date-announce-adinath-kothare-directorial-debut-film-paani-rajshri-entertainment-kothare-vision-private-limited-priyanka-chopra-1307004 |access-date=2024-08-21 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|}

== Television shows ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! Channel
! Ref.
|-
| 2009–2011
| ''[[Man Udhan Varyache]]''
| rowspan="2" | [[Star Pravah]]
| rowspan="2" |<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 2011
| ''Anolkhi Disha''
|-
| 2014–2017
| ''[[Jai Malhar]]''
| [[Zee Marathi]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2014 |title=Zee Marathi to launch Jai Malhar |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/regional/zee-marathi-to-launch-jai-malhar-140423 |access-date=18 December 2023 |publisher=Indian Television}}</ref>
|-
| 2015–2017
| ''[[Ganpati Bappa Morya]]''
| [[Colors Marathi]]
|
|-
| 2017–2020
| ''[[Vithu Mauli]]''
| [[Star Pravah]]
|<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=25 October 2017 |title=महेश कोठारे घेऊन येताहेत 'विठूमाऊली' |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/mahesh-kothare-is-coming-with-new-serial-vithu-mauli-on-star-pravah-1575141/ |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
| ''Ek Hoti Rajkanya''
| [[Sony Marathi]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2019 |title=Sony Marathi launches new show 'Ek Hoti Rajkanya' |url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/television/sony-marathi-launches-new-show-ek-hoti-rajkanya-kiran-dhane-as-avani-33619 |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=Mumbai Live}}</ref>
|-
| 2019–2020
| ''Prem Poison Panga''
| [[Zee Yuva]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2019 |title='प्रेम पॉयजन पंगा'च्या कलाकारांनी बनवला आकाश कंदील |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/diwali-2019-celebration-at-prem-poison-panga-set/494395 |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=[[Zee 24 Taas]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| 2020–2024
| ''[[Sukh Mhanje Nakki Kay Asta!]]''
| rowspan="2" | [[Star Pravah]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2022 |title=Gayatri Datar to Soon Return to TV With Sukh Mhanje Nakki Kay Asta, Know Details |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/gayatri-datar-to-soon-return-to-tv-with-sukh-mhanje-nakki-kay-asta-know-details-6292579.html |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2020–2021
| ''Dakkhancha Raja Jotiba''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2020 |title=प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला लवकरच दख्खनचा राजा ज्योतिबा मालिका, कोल्हापूर चित्रनगरीत भूमीपूजन संपन्न |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/latest-news/bhumi-pujan-of-dakkhancha-raja-jyotiba-serial-in-kolhapur-by-kothare-family-259447.html |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Pahile Na Mi Tula]]''
| [[Zee Marathi]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022–2024
| ''[[Pinkicha Vijay Aso!]]''
| [[Star Pravah]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=पिंकीला मिळणार नवा चेहरा आणि नवं आयुष्य, मालिका रोमांचक वळणावर |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/pinkicha-vijay-aso-serial-update-16th-august-2023-141692172075043.html |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Majhi Manasa]]''
| [[Sun Marathi]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2024–present
| ''[[Savalyachi Janu Savali]]''
| [[Zee Marathi]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=छोट्या पडद्यावर आणखी एक नवी मालिका, आषाढी एकादशीच्या निमित्ताने शेअर केला फर्स्ट लूक
|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/marathi-serial-updates-zee-marathi-announce-new-marathi-serial-savlyachi-janu-savali-on-occasion-of-ashadhi-ekadashi-shayani-ekadashi-1298802|website=
[[ABP Majha]]|language=mr|date=17 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''Ude Ga Ambe''
| [[Star Pravah]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=मुहूर्त ठरला! नवरात्रोत्सवात सुरू होणार 'स्टार प्रवाह'ची नवीन मालिका 'उदे गं अंबे'; कोणती जुनी मालिका घेणार निरोप?
|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/star-pravah-ude-ga-ambe-new-serial-launching-date-and-time-announced-watch-promo-sva-00-4590054/|website=
[[Loksatta]]|language=mr|date=12 September 2024}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

===Cited works===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |last=Srinivas |first=Manjula |title=Undergraduate Research in Mass Media UgRIMM 2021 |year=2022 |publisher=Shineeks Publishers |isbn=9781632789341 |publication-date=21 April 2022 |language=en}}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
* {{Facebook|id=KothareVision}}

[[Category:Mass media companies established in 2008]]
[[Category:Film production companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Film production companies of India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2008]]
[[Category:Television and film post-production companies]]
[[Category:Television production companies of India]]
[[Category:Television studios]]

Star Movies

2026-03-23T08:04:46Z

IolaWatriama22:

{{short description|Television channel}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Star Movies
| logo = [[File:Star Movies 2023.svg|125px]]<hr />[[File:Star Movies 2024.svg|125px]]<hr /> [[File:STAR Movies logo.svg|125px]]
| image =
| logo_size =
| image_size =
| logo_caption = Logos used in the Balkans and Portugal since 2023; the Middle East since 2024 logo; and India and China since January 1, 2009
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|1994|4|20}} (split from [[Star World|Star Plus]], Taiwan only)<ref name="pay">{{cite news |title=Star TV starting pay movie channel to replace BBC World Service |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19940324-1.2.11.5 |access-date=23 December 2023 |work=The Straits Times |date=24 March 1994}}</ref> {{Start date and age|1996|6|1}} (Malaysia) {{Start date and age|2023|10|1}} (Balkans) {{Start date and age|2024|2|7|df=y}} (Portugal)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-28 |title=Perguntas Frequentes - A FOX vai ser STAR Channel|url=https://www.foxtv.pt/especial/perguntas-frequentes-a-fox-vai-ser-star-channel|access-date=2023-11-28 |website=foxtv.pt |language=pt}}</ref>
| closed_date = {{End date and age|2023|12|31|df=y}} (Taiwan)
| owner = [[The Walt Disney Company]]
| former_names = [[BBC World Service Television|BBC World Service Television Asia]] 14 October 1991–1 May 1994
| replaced = [[BBC World Service Television]] 14 October 1991–17 April 1994<ref name="pay" /> [[Fox Movies (Balkans)|Fox Movies]] (Balkans and Portugal)
| replaced_by = Fox Movies Premium (2012–2017; Southeast Asia) [[Fox Movies (Southeast Asian TV channel)|Fox Movies]] (Philippines, Vietnam, and Taiwan; first incarnation)
| online_serv_1 = [[JioHotstar]]
| online_chan_1 = India
}}

'''Star Movies''' is an [[Asia]]n-based [[pay television]] channel owned by [[Disney Entertainment]]. Star Movies was originally launched in 1994 as a single channel broadcast across Asia, but it has regionalized into different localized channels since then. [[Fox Networks Group Asia Pacific]] have since rebranded some of the network's international feeds in Hong Kong, Taiwan (SD feed only), and Southeast Asia as [[Fox Movies (Southeast Asia)|Fox Movies]], but retains the Star Movies brand in the Middle East & South Asia (except Maldives).

[[Disney Star]] continues to operate the Indian feed of the network as a channel specialized in Western films, with the logo remaining completely unchanged since 2009. The mainland China feed is operated by [[Disney Entertainment]], launched as a separate channel split from HK/SEA feed and since then continues to air. Meanwhile, Disney also operates the Middle Eastern feed, keeping the 2009 logo (still used in India and Mainland China) until adopting the non-Indian/Chinese Star channels' logo scheme in 2024, while Fox Movies was replaced by a new channel, [[Star Films]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fox branded channels to undergo rebranding in MENA region |url=https://www.broadcastprome.com/news/fox-branded-channels-to-undergo-rebranding-in-mena-region/ |website=www.broadcastprome.com}}</ref> In the Balkans and Portugal, the local versions of [[Fox Movies (TV channel)|Fox Movies]] were replaced by Star Movies. Star Movies in the Middle East, Balkans and Portugal is managed by The Walt Disney Company.

==History==
Star Movies began broadcasting on 20 April 1994 for viewers in Taiwan, replacing [[BBC World Service Television]] in the Northern Beam region which was dropped on 17 April 1994. The channel became scrambled on 1 May 1994.<ref name="pay" /> The need to launch the channel was based on research on viewers' preferences and feedback from cable operators.<ref name="pay" /> At launch, Star Movies was a Mandarin and English movie channel, with 60% of the films in Chinese or produced in Asia and 40% being Western titles. The channel was only available through authorized cable operators.<ref name="pay" />

Star Movies was split up from [[Star World|Star Plus]] on 1 May 1994, which usually aired movies in the early years of [[Disney Networks Group Asia|Star TV]] from 1991 to 1994. At launch, its programming lineup consisted of both [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] and [[Chinese language|Chinese]] films and catered to pan-Asian audiences.

As Star TV planned to remove [[BBC World Service Television]] from its channel lineup for [[Northeast Asia]] by mid-April 1994, the company planned to replace it with a [[Star Chinese Movies|Chinese-language film channel]].<ref name="UPI-94MAR22">"[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1994/03/22/Murdochs-STAR-TV-to-drop-BBC/9394764312400/ Murdoch's STAR TV to drop BBC]" UPI March 22, 1994</ref> Star Movies would focus on Western world films from then on. Star TV has since regionalized the channel's operation.

The channel was noticeably absent from [[StarHub TV|Singapore Cable Vision]] upon the launch of its cable service in 1995 due to censorship problems in the country.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 September 1995 |title=No movie channel, no sweat for Star TV |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/biztimes19950901-1.2.36.2 |access-date=18 August 2023 |website=The Straits Times (retrieved from NLB)}}</ref>

On 1 February 1996, the channel changed its logo from a STAR wordmark similar to Zee Cinema in 1995 to a box-type STAR symbol featuring a frame, a pentagram star, and a blue square.

It was launched in Malaysia on 1 June 1996.

A localized feed intended for Taiwan was launched on 1 January 1997, Southeast Asia and China on 1 May 1997, and the Philippines on 1 January 2010. Four months later, a high-definition channel, Star Movies HD, was launched. A [[video on demand]] channel was also launched on 16 September of that same year.<ref>[http://www.lyngsat.com/asia5.html STAR Movies HD in Asiasat 5] retrieved via http://www.lyngsat.com 05-26-2010</ref>

On 1 April 1999, the channel had a first major logo change from vertical to horizontal, along with other STAR TV channels.

On 1 January 2012, Star Movies was rebranded as Fox Movies Premium and available in Hong Kong, the Maldives, and most Southeast Asia.

On 10 June 2017, the channel's Philippine feed was rebranded as Fox Movies Philippines. In other Southeast Asian countries and Hong Kong, Fox Movies Premium rebranded to Fox Movies on the same day. The channel shut down on 1 October 2021 in these regions along with other local versions of several Disney- and Fox-branded channels.

On New Year's Day 2022, Fox Movies Taiwan was renamed under the new name Star Movies Gold so that Star Movies HD remains active with the programming separate from each other. As Disney decided to further enroll [[Disney+]] across the Asian markets, they had decided to [[Disney Networks Group Asia Pacific#Disney ownership and channel operations closure|cease further pay TV broadcasting]], including both Star Movies Gold and Star Movies HD. Both of the channels were ceased in operation on January 1, 2024.<ref>{{cite web|last=Frater|first=Patrick|title=Disney to Close Remaining Linear TV Channels in Southeast Asia and Korea|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-closing-tv-channels-southeast-asia-korea-1235643667/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=June 14, 2023|access-date=June 23, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=迪士尼集團11頻道退出台灣，國家地理頻道、衛視中文台等最晚年底將下架|url=https://www.thenewslens.com/article/187077|website=[[The News Lens]]|date=June 14, 2023|access-date=June 23, 2023|language=zh-TW}}</ref>

On 7 June 2023, Disney announced that it would launch [[Star Movies (Balkans)|Star Movies]] in the [[Balkans]] as a replacement for Fox Movies in the region on 1 October 2023.<ref name=StarMoviesSerb>{{cite web |title=Fox postaje STAR Channel |url=https://fonet.rs/promo/36317965/fox-postaje-star-channel.html |website=FoNet portal |access-date=19 July 2023 |language=sr |date=7 June 2023 |trans-title=Fox becomes Star Channel}}</ref> Disney would later announce that it would also replace Fox Movies in [[Portugal]] (in addition to [[Angola]] and [[Mozambique]]) with [[Star Movies (Portuguese TV channel)|Star Movies]] on 7 February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-28 |title=Perguntas Frequentes - A FOX vai ser STAR Channel|url=https://www.foxtv.pt/especial/perguntas-frequentes-a-fox-vai-ser-star-channel|access-date=2023-11-28 |website=foxtv.pt |language=pt}}</ref>

==Programming==
Star Movies has first-run contracts for movies distributed by [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Disney]] ([[20th Century Studios]], [[Pixar Animation Studios|Pixar]], [[Marvel Studios]]) and sub-run contracts for movies from countries where Star Movies is available. It also features movies from other movie distributors including [[Paramount Pictures]], [[Lionsgate Films|Lionsgate]], [[Summit Entertainment]] and [[The Weinstein Company]]. Star Movies mainly airs Disney movies during the daytime hours. Star Movies India does fewer premieres compared to sometimes showing programs like ''[[Masterchef Australia]]'' and pushing more premium movies into their OTT platform [[Disney+ Hotstar]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}

==Current feeds==
=== Star Movies (India) ===
Star Movies India is distributed by [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney Studios]], [[Pixar]], [[Marvel Studios]] and [[20th Century Studios]] in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh and is ad supported. Movie premieres are less frequent compared to other feeds. Other studios include [[Lionsgate Films|Lionsgate]], [[NBCUniversal]]{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}} and [[Warner Bros. Discovery]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}} The audio feeds available were English, Hindi, Tamil . The channel ceased broadcasting in Nepal and Sri Lanka from 1 February 2015 due to content rights issues, leaving the country with no Star Movies or Fox Movies channel.{{Cn|date=April 2025}} The channel was relaunched in Nepal and Sri Lanka in 2019 after 4 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/PEOTV/photos/enjoy-star-movies-now-on-peo-tv-ch-28-free-for-all-packages-until-31st-may/2672561839427308/ |url-access=limited |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/245458828804300/2672561839427308 |archive-date=2022-02-26 |access-date=2020-12-30 |website=www.facebook.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

[[Star Movies Select HD]] was launched on 9 July 2015 showcasing niche films.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Star announces launch of Star Movies Select HD - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/star-announces-launch-of-star-movies-select-hd-60713.html |access-date=2020-12-30 |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |language=en}}</ref> An SD feed was launched on 15 March 2023 along with the launches and shutdowns of several other Star channels.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-14 |title=Disney Star brings curtains down on English GECs; launches 9 new channels: Best Media Info |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2023/03/disney-star-brings-curtains-down-on-english-gecs-launches-9-new-channels |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=Best Media Info}}</ref>

=== Star Movies (China) ===
Star Movies channel in China was launched at around late 2000s/early 2010s, separated from its main (Hong Kong/SEA) feed. However, unlike its main feed changed to Fox Movies (closed in 2021), this channel maintained its own format including ad breaks in-between movies showing promos for upcoming movies.

It is one of the few channels in the mainland China outside HK (along with [[Star Sports (China)|Star Sports]] and National Geographic Channel) that are continued to operate by Disney due to China's broadcast regulation laws prohibiting foreign entities from operating online streaming services like Disney+ (and despite Star's previous owner 21st Century Fox had sold [[Star China Media|Star China]], which does not own that channel, to [[China Media Group]]).

=== Star Movies (MENA) ===
Star Movies Middle East and Africa features a hardcoded [[Arabic language|Arabic-language]] subtitle track (except for Israel). The channel is currently available on [[beIN Channels Network|beIN]] and was formerly available on [[OSN]] (as of January 1, 2024).

On 1 March 2024, Star Movies MENA rebranded for the first time in 16 years and stopped using its 2009 logo (which is still used in India and Mainland China).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fox branded channels to undergo rebranding in MENA region |url=https://www.broadcastprome.com/news/fox-branded-channels-to-undergo-rebranding-in-mena-region/ |website=www.broadcastprome.com}}</ref>

=== Star Movies (Balkans) ===
{{Main article|Star Movies (Balkans)}}
Managed with The Walt Disney Company Bulgaria. Features numerous films from [[20th Century Studios]], [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Disney]], [[Columbia Pictures]], [[Pixar]], [[Marvel Studios]], [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]], and [[DreamWorks Pictures|DreamWorks]]. On June 7, 2023, it was announced that [[Fox Movies (Balkans)|Fox Movies]] would be rebrand to Star Movies on October 1, 2023.<ref name=StarMoviesSerb/>

=== Star Movies (Portugal) ===
{{Main article|Star Movies (Portuguese TV channel)}}
It was launched on 1 July 2011, replacing the series and cinema channel [[Fox Next]].<ref name="rapidtvnews1">{{cite web |date=2011-06-23 |title=Fox Movies adds Portuguese flavour | News |url=http://www.rapidtvnews.com/index.php/2011062313077/fox-movies-adds-portuguese-flavour.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601205416/http://www.rapidtvnews.com/index.php/2011062313077/fox-movies-adds-portuguese-flavour.html |archive-date=2013-06-01 |access-date=2012-02-07 |publisher=Rapid TV News}}</ref> FOX Movies is accompanied by a high definition version, FOX Movies HD, which began broadcasting on July 15, 2011 exclusively on [[MEO (telecommunication company)|MEO]]. The channel is also available in Angola and Mozambique, through the operator [[ZAP (satellite television)|ZAP]], where [[Fox Next]] was previously also available. In African and European territory, FOX Movies and FOX Movies HD are available on a subscription basis. Fox Movies was rebranded to Star Movies on 7 February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-28 |title=Disney ends Fox brand in Portugal |url=https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2023-11-28/disney-ends-fox-brand-in-portugal/83687 |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=theportugalnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-28 |title=Perguntas Frequentes - A FOX vai ser STAR Channel|url=https://www.foxtv.pt/especial/perguntas-frequentes-a-fox-vai-ser-star-channel|access-date=2023-11-28 |website=foxtv.pt |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-27 |title=Canais Fox vão mudar de nome e assumir marca Star |trans-title=Fox channels will change their name and adopt the Star brand |url=https://www.publico.pt/2023/11/27/culturaipsilon/noticia/canais-fox-vao-mudar-nome-assumir-marca-star-2071745 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=publico.pt |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-28 |title=Canais FOX vão passar a ser Star Channel já em 2024 |url =https://marketeer.sapo.pt/canais-fox-vao-passar-a-ser-star-channel-ja-em-2024/ |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=marketeer.sapo.pt}}</ref>

==Former feeds==
=== Star Movies Action ===
It was launched on 2 June 2013 only in India, replacing Fox Action Movies (not to be confused with [[Fox Action Movies|its Southeast Asian counterpart]]) after its temporary closedown on 11 May 2013. The channel airs action- and horror-themed movies. In 2017, the channel was shut down.<ref>[http://www.adgully.com/star-india-gears-up-for-more-action-all-set-to-launch-star-movies-action-54327.html Star India gears-up for more action; All set to launch Star Movies Action retrieved via http://www.adgully.com 10-22-2013 ]</ref>

=== Star Movies Gold and Star Movies HD (Taiwan) ===
An ad-supported feed of Star Movies was launched for [[Taiwan]] specifically. It was the most localised feed of the television network, since most voice-overs in promotions for upcoming movies were done in [[Mandarin Chinese]]. The SD feed of the channel was rebranded as Fox Movies Taiwan on 18 January 2018, while the HD feed still retains is independent programming and branding. On January 1, 2022, Fox Movies Taiwan was rebranded to Star Movies Gold. On January 1, 2024, the Taiwanese versions of Star Movies Gold and Star Movies HD were discontinued.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frater |first=Patrick |date=2023-06-14 |title=Disney to Close Remaining Linear TV Channels in Southeast Asia and Korea |url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-closing-tv-channels-southeast-asia-korea-1235643667/ |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Star Films]]
*[[Fox Movies (Southeast Asian TV channel)|Fox Movies Southeast Asia]]
*[[Fox Family Movies]]
*[[Fox Action Movies]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website}}

{{Star TV}}

[[Category:Disney television networks]]
[[Category:Movie channels]]
[[Category:Movie channels in Taiwan]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1994]]
[[Category:English-language television stations in India]]

Bongaigaon Assembly constituency

2026-03-22T00:54:11Z

IolaWatriama22:

{{Short description|Constituency of the Assam legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bongaigaon
| constituency_no = 18
| type = SLA
| map_image = Bongaigaon Assembly constituency map 2023.svg
| state = [[Assam]]
| latest_election_year = 2024
| loksabha_cons = [[Barpeta Lok Sabha constituency|Barpeta]]
| district = [[Bongaigaon district|Bongaigaon]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| mla = Diptimayee Choudhury
| party = {{Party index link|Asom Gana Parishad}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| electors =
}}
'''Bongaigaon''' is one of the 126 constituencies of the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref><ref name=ceo>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceoassam.nic.in/information/pdf/2_PC%20wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |title=List of Assembly constituencies showing their Parliamentary constituences wise break-up |website=www.ceoassam.nic.in| access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceoassam.nic.in/information/pdf/3_Assembly_HPC_wise_MapA1.pdf |title=Map of Assam showing District-wise assembly and Parliamentary constituencies |website=www.ceoassam.nic.in| access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> Bongaigaon forms a part of the [[Barpeta Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Extent of the constituency==
The constituency includes Bongaigaon Municipality, New Bongaigaon Rly. Colony, Manikpur Dev. Block(Part), Dangtol Dev. Block(Part), Boitamari Dev. Block(Part).

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan=2 | Party
|-
|[[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|[[Mathura Mohan Sinha]]
|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|[[Dhurba Barua]]
|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
|[[Mathura Mohan Sinha]]
|
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| rowspan="9" |[[Phani Bhusan Choudhury]]<ref name="abhaya ref1">{{cite news |title=Assam Election Results 2021: Check Full List Of Winners |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/assam-election-results-2021-check-full-list-of-winners-2426707 |access-date=12 November 2021 |publisher=ndtv.com |date=3 May 2021}}</ref>
|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|[[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|[[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| {{Full party name with color|Asom Gana Parishad}}
|-
|[[1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| {{Full party name with color|Asom Gana Parishad}}
|-
|[[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| {{Full party name with color|Asom Gana Parishad}}
|-
|[[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| {{Full party name with color|Asom Gana Parishad}}
|-
|[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| {{Full party name with color|Asom Gana Parishad}}
|-
|[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| {{Full party name with color|Asom Gana Parishad}}
|-
| [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| {{Full party name with color|Asom Gana Parishad}}
|-
|[[2024 elections in India|2024 By-election]]
| Diptimayee Choudhury
| {{Full party name with color|Asom Gana Parishad}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Bongaigoan}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Diptimayee Choudhury|party=AGP|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Girish Baruah|party=Indian National Congress|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chakradhar Das|party=Independent|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2024 by-election===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2024 elections in India#Assam|Assam Legislative Assembly by-election 2024]]: Bongaigaon<ref name="NDA makes a clean sweep of bypolls in the Northeast">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=NDA makes a clean sweep of bypolls in the Northeast |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/nda-makes-a-clean-sweep-of-bypolls-in-the-northeast/article68902364.ece |access-date=23 November 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241123144021/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/nda-makes-a-clean-sweep-of-bypolls-in-the-northeast/article68902364.ece |archive-date=23 November 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Bongaigaon Assembly Constituency By Poll Result 2024">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Bongaigaon Assembly Constituency By Poll Result 2024 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2024/candidateswise-S0332.htm |access-date=25 November 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125115453/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2024/candidateswise-S0332.htm |archive-date=25 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Diptimayee Choudhury
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|votes = 74734
|percentage = 52.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Brajenjit Sinha
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 39570
|percentage = 27.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Sailendra Sarkar(Rival Candidate of AGP)
|party = Independent
|votes = 13381
|percentage = 9.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = 2714
|percentage = 1.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 35164
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 142620
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Asom Gana Parishad
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Bongaigaon<ref name=election2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13620-assam-general-legislative-election-2021/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = [[Phani Bhusan Choudhury]]
|votes = 82,800
|percentage = 54.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Shankar Prasad Ray
|votes = 44,633
|percentage = 29.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Assam Jatiya Parishad
|candidate = Dipu Choudhury
|votes = 13,988
|percentage = 9.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Political Justice Party
|candidate = Santanu Mukherjee
|votes = 2,266
|percentage = 1.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Gana Parishad
|candidate = Sujit Kumar Roy
|votes = 2,184
|percentage = 1.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes = 2,179
|percentage = 1.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 38,167
|percentage = 25.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,51,451
|percentage = 85.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 1,76,306
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Asom Gana Parishad
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Bongaigaon<ref name=election2016>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4017-assam-general-legislative-election-2016/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2016 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = [[Phani Bhusan Choudhury]]
|votes = 77,292
|percentage = 56.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Shankar Prasad Ray
|votes = 45,972
|percentage = 33.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Itesh Bordoloi
|votes = 7,087
|percentage = 5.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dhirabati Choudhury
|votes = 1,902
|percentage = 1.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Prabhat Baisnab
|votes = 1,404
|percentage = 1.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Fulbar Ali Molya
|votes = 1,099
|percentage = 0.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Deepak Kumar Das
|votes = 815
|percentage = 0.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,376
|percentage = 1.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 31,320
|percentage = 22.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,37,947
|percentage = 86.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 1,59,137
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Asom Gana Parishad
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Assam Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/67-assam/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}
{{coord|26.49|90.53|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Bongaigaon district]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Assam]]

Shah Begum (wife of Jahangir)

2026-03-20T13:40:18Z

IolaWatriama22: Updated article with clearer structure

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Short description|Chief consort of Mughal Emperor Jahangir}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Shah Begum
| title = [[Princess|Rajkumari]] of Kingdom of Amber
| image = Shahbegum1.jpg
| succession =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| caption = French Engraving of Shah Begum at [[Victoria Memorial, Kolkata]]
| birth_name = Manbhawati Bai
| birth_date = {{circa}} 1570
| birth_place = [[Amer, India|Amber]], [[Amber Kingdom]], [[Mughal Empire]] (modern-day [[Rajasthan]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|1605|5|5|1570|df=yes}}
| death_place = Allahabad, [[Awadh Subah]], [[Mughal Empire]] (modern-day [[Prayagraj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India)
| consort = yes
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Jahangir]] |13 February 1585}}
| issue = {{plainlist|
*[[Sultan-un-Nissa Begum]]
*[[Khusrau Mirza]]}}
| house = [[Kacchwaha]] (by birth) [[Timurid Dynasty|Timurid]] (by marriage)
| father = [[Raja Bhagwant Das]]
| mother =
| image_size = 200px
| burial_place = [[Khusro Bagh|Khusrau Bagh]], [[Allahabad]]
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}

'''Shah Begum''' ({{lit|royal lady}}; {{circa}} 1570{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}} – 5 May 1605) was the first wife and chief consort of Prince Salim (later Emperor [[Jahangir]]). She was known as Zan-i-Kalan being the first wife of Salim. She was a Hindu princess by birth and committed suicide shortly before the succession of her husband to the royal throne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ranasafvi |date=2020-05-14 |title=Shah Begum's Cenotaph in Khusrau Bagh, Allahabad |url=https://ranasafvi.com/shah-begums-cenotaph-in-khusrau-bagh-allahabad/ |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=Rana Safvi |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarin |first=Hemant |date=2019-03-19 |title=Shah Begum's Tomb in Allahabad {{!}} #TheseMughalWomen |url=https://www.theheritagelab.in/shah-begum-tomb/ |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Heritage Lab |language=en}}</ref> She was the mother of the eldest daughter and son of Prince Salim, [[Sultan-un-Nissa Begum]] and [[Khusrau Mirza]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-05-25 |title=An impressive empress |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/an-impressive-empress/article4746049.ece/ |access-date=2024-09-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Family==
'''Manbhawati Bai''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Others |first=Muzaffar H. Syed & |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=US5gEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA138 |title=History of Indian Nation : Medieval India |date=2022-02-20 |publisher=K. K. Publications |pages=138 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shams |first=Iftekhar Ahmed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=poGsEAAAQBAJ |title=The Kingdom of the Moghuls: the rulers, who created history |date=2023-02-07 |publisher=Dr. Iftekhar Ahmed Shams |isbn=979-8-4494-7693-7 |pages=66, 133–134 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Fisher |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bhKMDwAAQBAJ |title=A Short History of the Mughal Empire |date=2015-10-01 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-85772-777-0 |pages=87, 145–147 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dhir |first=Krishna S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jVx6EAAAQBAJ |title=The Wonder That Is Urdu |date=2022-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-4301-1 |language=en |trans-title=87, 90, 93}}</ref> known popularly as ''Man Bai'',<ref>{{cite book|first=Ishwari|last=Prasad|title=The Mughal Empire|publisher=Chugh Publications|year=1974|pages=294}}</ref> was the daughter of Raja Bhagwant Das, the ruler of Amer.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Proceedings of the Indian History Congress - Volume 64|publisher=Indian History Congress|year=2004|pages=598}}</ref> She was a sister of Raja Madho Das and daughter-in-law of Mariam-uz-Zamani.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jorge|last=Flores|title=The Mughal Padshah: A Jesuit Treatise on Emperor Jahangir's Court and Household |publisher=Brill|date=20 November 2015|pages=91 n. 23|isbn=978-9-004-30753-7}}</ref>

When she was young, Man Bai's was betrothed to her 15-year-old first cousin Prince Selim, a match arranged by his mother [[Mariam-uz-Zamani]], consort of Emperor [[Akbar]] and her father, Mariam's brother [[Bhagwant Das|Rajah Bhagwan Das Kacchwaha]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mehta |first1=Jaswant Lal |title=Advance Study in the history of Medieval India:Mughal Empire |publisher=Sterling Publisher Private Limited |year=1984 |isbn=978-81-207-1015-3|volume=II|page=411}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Muni|last=Lal| title=Mughal Glory|publisher=Konark Publishers, Delhi|year=1988|isbn=8122000762| page=87}}</ref> Man Bai was considered a desirable bride, endowed with beauty, grace, and high ideals as well as royal lineage.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Beveridge |first=H. |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.55650 |title=The Akbarnama Of Abul Fazl Vol. 3 |date=1907 |pages=678 |quote=At this time it was represented to H.M. that Rajah Bhagwan Das Kacwaha, who held high office, and who had lofty lineage and abilities, had a daughter whose purity adorned her high extraction, and was endowed with beauty and graces ; and that it was the wish of her family that she should be united to the prince.}}</ref>

The marriage settlement was fixed at twenty million [[History of the taka|tankas]].<ref>{{cite book|first=P. N|last=Ojha|title=North Indian social life during Mughal period|publisher=Oriental Publishers & Distributors|year=1975|pages=131}}</ref> As the Imperial procession travelled along roads covered with rare and choice cloth, the Emperor scattered gold and jewels over the bridal litter. To honour her household, Akbar and Salim themselves carried the bride's palanquin on their own shoulders for some distance.{{sfn|Prasad|1930|p=29-30}} Mariam Zamani presented the couple with gifts valued at ₹12,000,000.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lal|first=Muni|title=Mughal Glory|publisher=Konark Publishers Pvt Ltd|date=1988|page=87}}</ref>

The couple had two children, Sultan-un-Nissa Begum (25 April 1586 and died on 5 September 1646)<ref>{{cite book|first1=Emperor |last1=Jahangir|first2=Wheeler McIntosh|last2=Thackston|title=The Jahangirnama: memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India|url=https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha |publisher=Freer Gallery of Art and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; New York: Oxford University Press|year=1999|pages=[https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha/page/7 7] n. 20, 29 n. 36|isbn=978-0-19-512718-8 }}</ref> and a son, [[Khusrau Mirza]] (16 August 1587 – 26 January 1622). On the birth of her son, birth, Man Bai was bestowed the prestigious title of ''Shah Begum'' meaning "royal lady".<ref>{{cite book|first=S. R.|last=Sharma|title=Mughal Empire In India: A Systematic Study Including Source Material, Volume 2|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|year=1999|pages=310|isbn=978-8-171-56818-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Nicoll, Fergus|author-link=Fergus Nicoll|title=Shah Jahan: The Rise and Fall of the Mughal Emperor|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=2009|pages=26|isbn=978-0-670-08303-9}}</ref>

With her fidelity and sincere devotion to Jahangir, she won a special place in his heart. Jahangir was extremely fond of her and had her designated as his chief consort, and he wrote of his attachment and affection for her in his memoirs.<ref name=Beveridge1909>{{cite book|title = The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī or Memoirs of Jahāngīr, Volume 2|year=1909|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society, London|editor-first=Alexander|editor-last=Rogers|editor-first2= Henry|editor-last2=Beveridge|page=13}}</ref>

==Death==
[[File:Allahabad, Khusru bagh, Shah Begum tomb 2015-11-12.jpg|thumb|[[Khusro Bagh|Khusru bagh]], Shah Begum tomb, in [[Prayagraj]].]]
By 1605, Shah Begum's son Khusrau Mirza was in open rebellion against his father, Akbar's rule, as was her own brother, Madho Singh. Shah Begum, who suffered from periodic from bouts of madness tried to encourage Khusrau's loyalty to his father. In the end, she was unable to cope with the conflict. She took a fatal overdose of opium on 5 May, 1605.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Emperor |last1=Jahangir|first2=Wheeler McIntosh|last2=Thackston|title=The Jahangirnama: memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India|url=https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha |publisher=Freer Gallery of Art and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; New York: Oxford University Press|year=1999|pages=[https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha/page/51 51]|isbn=978-0-19-512718-8 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|publisher=Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society|year=1907|pages=604}}</ref>

[[Jahangir]] was devastated by her death.<ref>{{cite book|first=Guru|last=Dutt|title=Ganga ki Dhara|isbn=9386336065|page=79}}</ref> He ordered the construction of her tomb by Aqa Reza, the principal artist at Allahabad court. The tomb, located in [[Khusro Bagh|Khusrau Bagh]], Allahabad, was completed in 1606-07.<ref>{{cite book|first=Catherine B.|last=Asher|title=Architecture of Mughal India, Part 1, Volume 4|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=24 September 1992|pages=104|isbn=978-0-521-26728-1}}</ref>

== Issue ==
With Jahangir, Shah Begum had at least two children:
*[[Sultan-un-Nissa Begum|Sultan-un-Nissa]] (25 April 1586, Mughal Empire – 5 September 1646, Mughal Empire, buried in Tomb of Akbar, Sikandar, Agra)
*[[Khusrau Mirza]] (16 August 1587, Lahore, Mughal Empire – 26 January 1622, Deccan, Mughal Empire, buried in Mausoleum of Khusrau Mirza, Khusro Bagh, Allahabad)

==In popular culture==
*[[Krutika Desai Khan]] essayed her role in the Indian television series [[Noorjahan (TV series)|''Noorjahan'']], on [[Doordarshan]].
*[[Neetha Shetty]] portrayed Shah Begum in [[EPIC (TV channel)|EPIC]] channel ''[[Siyaasat]]'' (based on the ''Twentieth Wife'').
*Heli Daruwala portrayed her role in [[Colors TV|Colors]] Channel's [[Dastaan-E-Mohabbat Salim Anarkali]]
*[[Jyotsna Chandola]] portrayed her role in [[Jodha Akbar]] on [[Zee TV]].
*Anushka Luhar portrayed Man Bai in [[ZEE5|ZEE5's]] web series [[Taj: Divided by Blood]].

==See also==
*[[Kingdom of Amber]]
*[[Khusro Bagh]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|first=Beni|last=Prasad|title=History of Jahangir|publisher=The Indian Press, LTD, Allahabad|year=1930}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Begum, Shah}}
[[Category:1570s births]]
[[Category:1605 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:People from Jaipur]]
[[Category:16th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:Wives of Jahangir]]
[[Category:Rajput princesses]]
[[Category:Royalty who died by suicide]]

Naumati baaja

2026-03-18T03:29:54Z

IolaWatriama22: added initial post more to come...

{{Short description|Nepalese and Himalayan musical instruments}}
[[File:Naumati Baaja.jpg|thumb|It is a collection of 9 musical instruments played on festivals, marriage ceremony in Nepal.]]
'''Naumati Baja''' ({{Langx|ne|नौमती बाजा|lit= nine musical instruments}}) is a group of nine traditional musical instruments played in [[Nepal]] and Himalayan region of [[Sikkim]], [[Darjeeling]] and [[Assam]] during certain auspicious occasions like weddings. It includes the following musical instruments:

Narsingha: a long, C-shaped trumpet

Karnal: a wide-mouthed, straight
trumpet with a bell

Damaha: a large kettledrum

Baauntal: one instrument

Sanai: two instruments

Tyamko: one instrument

Dholaki: one instrument

Jhyali/Jhaymta: one instrument

Naumati is a more comprehensive form of the [[Pancai baja|Panchai Baaja]]. Panchai Baaja (or a band of five instruments) is traditionally played to bring good luck. There is a reference in the scriptures that Panchai Baaja was played in the [[Dvapara Yuga]] on the auspicious occasion of the Christening Ceremony of the [[Lord Krishna]]. The Panchai Baaja represents the five metals and while designing these instruments, the images of five deities viz; [[Ganesha|Ganesh]], [[Vishnu]], [[Shiva]], Goddess and the Sun were kept as the background. Later, four more instruments were added to this set of five instruments and called ''Naumati Baaja'' (nine musical instruments).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://xnepali.net/musical-instruments-in-panche-baja-and-naumati-baja-traditional-nepali-music/|title=Musical instruments in Panche Baja and Naumati Baja – traditional Nepali music|date=2011-03-14|work=Nepali Movies, films|access-date=2018-03-02|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://music-instrument-world.blogspot.co.uk/2011/10/naumati-baja.html|title=Naumati Baja|website=music-instrument-world.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2018-03-02}}</ref>

==References==

{{reflist}}
{{musical-instrument-stub}}
[[Category:Nepalese musical instruments]]
[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]
[[Category:Music of Nepal]]

Jhelum Paranjape

2026-03-14T18:23:16Z

IolaWatriama22: starting data

{{Short description|Indian classical dancer}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Jhelum Paranjape
|image =
|imagesize =
|caption =
|othername =
|birth_name =
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1954|9|24}}
|birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
|death_date =
|occupation = [[Indian classical dance]]r, choreographer
|yearsactive =
|spouse =
|awards = Kumar Gandharva Award Sanjukta Panigrahi Award
}}
'''Jhelum Paranjape''' (born September 24, 1954) is an Indian classical dancer. and exponent of [[Odissi|Indian classical Odissi dance]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Bhanu |date=2018-04-19 |title=Perspectives on a warrior woman |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/perspectives-on-a-warrior-woman/article23602057.ece |access-date=2023-10-24 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> She founded Smitalay, a dance academy located in Mumbai, India.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Archived copy | url=https://sangeetnatak.gov.in/public/uploads/reports/164093175492185.PDF | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221013853/https://sangeetnatak.gov.in/public/uploads/reports/164093175492185.PDF | archive-date=2022-02-21}}</ref> Paranjape is known for her contributions to the field of classical dance, Odissi, a classical dance form of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Soparrkar |first=Sandip |date=2019-09-10 |title=Jhelum Paranjape’s mesmerising presentation on Chokha Mela |url=https://www.asianage.com/india/all-india/100919/jhelum-paranjapes-mesmerising-presentation-on-chokha-mela.html |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=The Asian Age}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Paranjape did M.Sc. in Statistics, then she became a Mathematics Professor while pursuing her Odissi dance work.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=Super |title=Jhelum Paranjape |url=https://ccrtindia.gov.in/artists_profile/jhelum-paranjape/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=CCRT |language=en}}</ref> Later, she founded the Smitalay dance institute in [[Mumbai]], where she choreographed Odissi productions and trained [[Aditi Bhagwat]].<ref>{{Cite web | title=Archived copy | url=https://www.ncpamumbai.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/CoverTOCCover-storyArchivesPG.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031200310/https://www.ncpamumbai.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/CoverTOCCover-storyArchivesPG.pdf | archive-date=2023-10-31}}</ref> She contributed to preserving and promoting Odissi's traditions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-26 |title=For the love of dance |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/culture/article/for-the-love-of-dance-15635191 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-14 |title=loksatta durga odissi dancer and dance trainer jhelum paranjape zws 70 {{!}} नृत्यांगना ते नृत्यप्रशिक्षक |url=https://www.loksatta.com/vishesh/loksatta-durga-odissi-dancer-and-dance-trainer-jhelum-paranjape-zws-70-2630547/ |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>

[[Smita Patil]] introduced her to Guru [[Kelucharan Mohapatra]], who died in 1986, in her memory she started Smitalay in 1989.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Punemirror |date=2015-02-26 |title=On her own terms |url=https://punemirror.com/entertainment/unwind/on-her-own-terms/cid5108330.htm |access-date=2023-10-28 |website=punemirror.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Awards ==

* Kumar Gandharva Award for choreography in Odissi.<ref name=":02"/>
* [[Sanjukta Panigrahi|Sanjukta Panigrahi Award]] in the field of Odissi dance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jhelum Paranjape: Born to dance |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2012/jul/10/jhelum-paranjape-born-to-dance-385435.html |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paranjape, Jhelum}}
[[Category:Indian classical choreographers]]
[[Category:Indian dance teachers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1954 births]]

Usmanpura metro station

2026-03-07T18:43:45Z

IolaWatriama22: created the info initial version!

{{notability|date=January 2024}}
{{short description|Ahmedabad Metro's Red Line metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Usmanpura
| style = Ahmedabad Metro
| type = {{Ahmedabad Metro Infobox station line|line=Red}}
| image =
| address = Sattar Taluka Society, Usmanpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380014
| coordinates = {{coord|23.04600|72.56498|display=inline,title}}
| owned = [[Gujarat Metro Rail Corporation Limited]]
| operator = [[Ahmedabad Metro]]
| lines = {{rcb|Ahmedabad Metro|Red|croute}}
| platforms = [[Side platform]] Platform-1 → [[Mahatma Mandir metro station|Mahatma Mnadir]]/[[GIFT City metro station|GIFT City]] / {{stl|Ahmedabad Metro|GIFT City}} Platform-2 → [[APMC metro station|APMC]]
| tracks = 2
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| levels = 2
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| status = Operational
| opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|6 October 2022}}
| electrified = 750 V DC [[third rail]]
| services = {{adjacent stations|system=Ahmedabad Metro|line=Red|right=Vijay Nagar|to-right=Mahatma Mandir or GIFT City|left=Old High Court|to-left=APMC}}
| map_type =
| map_size =
| map_dot_label =
| route_map = {{Red Line (Ahmedabad Metro)}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Ahmedabad Metro|Red}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Usmanpura''' is an elevated metro station on the North-South Corridor of the [[Red Line (Ahmedabad Metro)|Red Line]] of [[Ahmedabad Metro]] in [[Ahmedabad]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-03 |title=Ahmedabad: Metro service on North-South corridor to begin on October 6 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-metro-service-on-north-south-corridor-to-begin-on-october-6-8188276/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Around this metro station holds the main [[Hyatt|Hyatt Regency]] (Ahmedabad) along with Saviour Hospital in north Ahmedabad. This metro station was inaugurated on 30 September 2022 by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and was opened to the public on 6 October 2022.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

==Station layout==
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Usmanpura track layout
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Ahmedabad Metro|Red}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Ahmedabad Metro|Vijay Nagar}}
*'''P1'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P2'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Ahmedabad Metro|Old High Court}} {{rcb|Ahmedabad Metro|Blue|croute}}
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Mezzanine
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]]<nowiki> | Doors will open on the left </nowiki>{{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|'''Platform 2''' '''Southbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|Towards → [[APMC metro station|APMC]] '''Next Station:''' [[Old High Court metro station|Old High Court]] '''''Change at the next station for '''{{Rcb|Ahmedabad Metro|Blue|croute}}''
|-
|'''Platform 1''' '''Northbound'''
|Towards ← [[Mahatma Mandir metro station|Mahatma Mandir]] / [[GIFT City metro station|GIFT City]]
'''Next Station:''' [[Vijay Nagar metro station|Vijay Nagar]]
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]]<nowiki> | Doors will open on the left </nowiki>{{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Ahmedabad]]
* [[Gujarat]]
* [[List of Ahmedabad Metro stations]]
* [[Urban rail transit in India#Rapid transit|Rapid transit in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.gujaratmetrorail.com/passenger-information/time-table/|name=Ahmedabad Metro Official Website}}
* {{Official website|https://yometro.com/ahmedabad-metro-23|name=Ahmedabad Metro stations' details}}

{{Ahmedabad Metro navbox}}

[[Category:Ahmedabad Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2022]]

Painted Grey Ware culture

2026-03-05T13:12:23Z

IolaWatriama22: further updated structure for accuracy and updated info

{{Short description|North Indian Iron Age culture}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox archaeological culture
|name = Painted Grey Ware culture
|map = Painted Grey Ware Culture (1200-600 BCE).png
|mapcaption = Map of some Painted Grey Ware (PGW) sites
|mapalt =
|altnames =
|horizon =
|region = [[North India]] [[Pakistan|Eastern Pakistan]]
|period = [[Iron Age]]
|dates = {{circa|1200}}–600 BCE
|typesite =
|majorsites = [[Hastinapur]] [[ Mathura]] [[Ahichchhatra]] [[Panipat]] [[Jognakhera]] [[Rupnagar]] [[Bhagwanpura, Haryana|Bhagwanpura]] [[Kosambi]]
|extra = Extensive Iron metallurgy Fortified settlement
|precededby = [[Cemetery H culture]] [[Black and red ware]] [[Ochre Coloured Pottery culture]]
|followedby = [[Mahajanapadas]]
}}
{{HistoryOfSouthAsia}}
The '''Painted Grey Ware culture''' ('''PGW''') is an [[Iron Age in India|Iron Age]] [[Indo-Aryan people|Indo-Aryan]] [[Archaeological culture|culture]] of the western [[Gangetic plain]] and the [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar-Hakra valley]] in the [[Indian subcontinent]], conventionally dated {{circa}}1200 to 600–500 BCE,<ref name="Adams1997">{{cite book|author=Douglas Q. Adams|title=Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC&pg=PA310|date=January 1997|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-884964-98-5|pages=310–}}</ref><ref name="Jain1972">{{cite book|author=Kailash Chand Jain|title=Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZR-J6-WOH4QC&pg=PA96|year=1972|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0824-9|pages=96–}}</ref> or from 1300 to 500–300 BCE.<ref>Possehl, G. L., (2002). ''The Indus civilization: A contemporary perspective'', AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, CA; Oxford, p. 29.</ref><ref>Bates, J., (2020). [https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2352226719301126?token=4D05D7A0BC868D344C06DA8D4B577C5CB6C8896A914F25DD93F2488EC17DD2E0DD91AD5E98633A63E7695C011A82D2A9 "Kitchen gardens, wild forage and tree fruits: A hypothesis on the role of the Zaid season in the indus civilisation (c.3200-1300 BCE)"], in Archaeological Research in Asia 21 (2020), Table 1, p.2.</ref><ref>Uesugi, Akinori, (2018). [https://www.academia.edu/37419677/An_Overview_on_the_Iron_Age_in_South_Asia "An Overview on the Iron Age in South Asia"], in (ed.) Akinori Uesugi, Iron Age in South Asia, Kansai University, Fig. 6, pp. 9–12.</ref> It is a successor of the [[Cemetery H culture]] and [[Black and red ware culture]] (BRW) within this region, and contemporary with the continuation of the BRW culture in the eastern [[Indo-Gangetic Plain|Gangetic plain]] and [[Central India]].<ref>Southworth, Franklin, (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=hTwuFUW5aEgC ''Linguistic Archaeology of South Asia''], Routledge, p. 177.</ref>
[[File:Painted Grey Ware sites map 1.svg|alt=|thumb|Cemetery H, Late Harappan, OCP, Copper Hoard and Painted Grey ware sites]]
Characterized by a style of fine, grey pottery painted with geometric patterns in black,<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WGUz01yBumEC&pg=PA357 |title = History of Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. To the seventh century A.D|isbn = 9789231028120|last1 = De Laet|first1 = Sigfried J.|last2 = Herrmann|first2 = Joachim|date = January 1996 | publisher=UNESCO }}</ref> the PGW culture is associated with village and town settlements, domesticated horses, ivory-working, and the advent of iron metallurgy.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC&pg=PA414 |title = Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture|isbn = 9781884964985|last1 = Mallory|first1 = J. P.|last2 = Adams|first2 = Douglas Q.|year = 1997 | publisher=Taylor & Francis }}</ref> {{as of|2018}}, 1,576 PGW sites have been discovered.<ref>Uesugi, Akinori (2018). [https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58084048/Uesugi_2018j-with-cover-page-v2.pdf?Expires=1657832057&Signature=C2h1rRPP9NzH9C1nvN24yd~T-Qo96g0o3f50zyXudNmDU0RSrgqsoX6D0mSx6PyRDJzNyUxcqE5PqjiomCnIVyt5lpCsEpPGG1zCmc2mFcXBbqZxxeY-UQyGI8-bj30IM~GqhF2kzbxvrigaPiws~myDYGEeZILRUBWgVzngBp-33ps9lHv7UjDb3vKuaNaVKIAU08LstpNGU0bwsKAiWQYDRW48kZAIdIcNyCjhfPb4tu8Obs2E9adGqg76uCnaACBNhaKXg8uiEJWPYNM8lafg8ax94GPPH9x85TWCG9hYHwVj~CjONEmqgihVR6VHbjAdGTOvlqQwKrHvzW3bfg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA "A Study on the Painted Grey Ware"], in Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 6 (2018), p. 2.</ref> Although most PGW sites were small farming villages, "several dozen" PGW sites emerged as relatively large settlements that can be characterized as towns; the largest of these were fortified by ditches or moats and embankments made of piled earth with wooden palisades, albeit smaller and simpler than the elaborate fortifications which emerged in large cities after 600 BCE.<ref>James Heitzman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=RdcnAgh_StUC ''The City in South Asia''] (Routledge, 2008), pp. 12–13.</ref>

The PGW Culture probably corresponds to the middle and late [[Vedic period]], i.e., the [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]]-[[Panchala]] kingdom, the first large state in the Indian subcontinent after the decline of the [[Indus Valley Civilisation]].<ref>Geoffrey Samuel, (2010) ''The Origins of Yoga and Tantra: Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century'', Cambridge University Press, pp. 45–51.</ref><ref>[[Michael Witzel]] (1989), ''Tracing the Vedic dialects'' in ''Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes'' ed. [[Colette Caillat|Caillat]], Paris, 97–265.</ref> The later vedic literature provides a mass of information on the life and culture of the times. It is succeeded by [[Northern Black Polished Ware]] from c.700–500 BCE, associated with the rise of the great [[Mahajanapada]] states and of the [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]] Empire.

== Dating ==
The Painted Grey Ware culture (PGW) is conventionally dated {{circa}}1200 to 500 BCE.<ref name="Adams1997"/><ref name="Jain1972"/>

Akinori Uesugi regards PGW as having three periods within North Indian Iron Age which are:
;Period I ({{Circa|1300}}–1000 BCE)
When it makes its appearance in the Ghaggar valley and the upper Ganga region.
;Period II ({{Circa|1000}}–600 BCE)
When it spreads into the western part of the Ganga valley.
;Period III ({{circa|600}}–300 BCE)
With interactions to the east.<ref>Uesugi, Akinori, (2018).[https://www.academia.edu/37419677/An_Overview_on_the_Iron_Age_in_South_Asia "An Overview on the Iron Age in South Asia", in (ed.) Akinori Uesugi, Iron Age in South Asia, Kansai University], Fig. 6, pp. 9-12.</ref>

==Overview==
[[File:Painted Grey Ware - Sonkh - 1000-600 BCE - Showcase 6-15 - Prehistory and Terracotta Gallery - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-24 6461.JPG|thumb|left|Painted Grey Ware - Sonkh ([[Uttar Pradesh]]) - 1000-600 BCE. [[Government Museum, Mathura]]]]
[[File:PGW fragments BM.jpg|left|thumb|Fragments of Painted Grey Ware, about 1000 BC, from [[Hastinapur]] and [[Radhakund]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], and [[Panipat]] and [[Tilpat]], [[Haryana]]. [[British Museum]].]]
[[File:BaraSite.jpg|thumb|Shards of Painted Grey Ware (right) and Harappan red pottery (left) from [[Rupnagar]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]].]]
[[Image:Indo-Iranian origins.png|thumb|Archaeological cultures associated with [[Indo-Iranian migration]]s (after [[Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture|EIEC]]). The [[Andronovo culture|Andronovo]], [[Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex|BMAC]] and [[Yaz culture]]s have often been associated with [[Indo-Iranians|Indo-Iranian]] migrations. The [[Gandhara grave culture|GGC]] (Swat), [[Cemetery H culture|Cemetery H]], [[Copper Hoard Culture|Copper Hoard]] and PGW cultures are candidates for cultures associated with [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan]] [[Indo-Aryan migration|migrations]].]]

The PGW culture cultivated rice, wheat, millet and barley, and domesticated cattle, sheep, pigs, and horses. Houses were built of [[wattle-and-daub]], mud, or bricks, ranging in size from small huts to large houses with many rooms.{{Cn|date=July 2024}} There is a clear settlement hierarchy, with a few central towns that stand out amongst numerous small villages. Some sites, including Jakhera in [[Uttar Pradesh]], demonstrate a “fairly evolved, proto-urban or semi-urban stage” of this culture, with evidence of social organization and trade, including ornaments of gold, copper, ivory, and semi-precious stones, storage bins for surplus grain, stone weights, paved streets, water channels and embankments.<ref>Singh, Upinder (2009), ''A History of Ancient and Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century'', Longman, Delhi, pp. 246–248</ref>

The plough was used for cultivation. There are also indications of growing complexity of society as population increased and the size and number of settlements multiplied. Arts and crafts of the PGW people are represented by ornaments (made from terracotta, stone, [[faience]], and glass), human and animal figurines (made from [[terracotta]]) as well as "incised terracotta discs with decorated edges and geometric motifs" which probably had "ritual meaning," perhaps representing symbols of [[Historical Vedic religion|deities]].<ref name="Kenoyer">Kenoyer, J. M., (2006), "Cultures and Societies of the Indus Tradition. In Historical Roots" in ''the Making of ‘the Aryan’'', R. Thapar (ed.), National Book Trust, New Delhi, pp. 21–49.</ref> There are a few [[stamp seal]]s with geometric designs but no inscription, contrasting with both the prior [[Indus script|Harappan seals]] and the subsequent [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]]-inscribed seals of the Northern Black Polished Ware culture.<ref name="Kenoyer" />

The PGW pottery shows a remarkable degree of standardization. It is dominated by bowls of two shapes, a shallow tray and a deeper bowl, often with a sharp angle between the walls and base. The range of decoration is limited - vertical, oblique or criss-cross lines, rows of dots, spiral chains and concentric circles being common.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan|last=Bridget and Raymond Allchin|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1982}}</ref>

At [[Bhagwanpura, Haryana|Bhagwanpura]] in the [[Kurukshetra]] district of [[Haryana]], excavations have revealed an overlap between the [[Cemetery H culture|late Harappan]] and Painted Grey Ware cultures, large houses that may have been elite residences, and fired bricks that may have been used in Vedic [[altar]]s.<ref name="Kenoyer" />

Fresh surveys by archaeologist Vinay Kumar Gupta suggest [[Mathura]] was the largest PGW site around 375 hectares in area.<ref name="Gupta">Gupta, Vinay Kumar, (2014).[https://www.academia.edu/7025503/Early_Settlement_of_Mathura_An_Archaeological_Perspective_An_Occasional_paper_published_by_Nehru_Memorial_Museum_and_Library_N._Delhi "Early Settlement of Mathura: An Archaeological Perspective"], An Occasional paper, in History and Society, New Series 41, [[Nehru Memorial Museum & Library|Nehru Memorial Museum and Library]], New Delhi, pp. 1-37.</ref> Among the largest sites is also the recently excavated [[Ahichatra]], with at least 40 hectares of area in PGW times along with evidence of early construction of the fortification which goes back to PGW levels.<ref>Mani, B. R., (17 September 2013). [https://www.educationtimes.com/article/65781437/69519720/What-Lies-Beneath.html "What Lies Beneath"], in Educational Times.</ref> Towards the end of the period, many of the PGW settlements grew into the large towns and cities of the [[Northern Black Polished Ware]] period.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://a.harappa.com/sites/g/files/g65461/f/CulturesSocietiesIndusTrad.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=4 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101140624/http://a.harappa.com/sites/g/files/g65461/f/CulturesSocietiesIndusTrad.pdf |archive-date=1 January 2014 }}</ref>

==Interpretations==
The [[pottery]] style of this culture is different from the pottery of the [[Iranian Plateau]] and [[Afghanistan]] (Bryant 2001). In some sites, PGW pottery and Late Harappan pottery are contemporaneous.<ref>Shaffer, Jim. 1993, Reurbanization: The eastern Punjab and beyond. In Urban Form and Meaning in South Asia: The Shaping of Cities from Prehistoric to Precolonial Times, ed. [[Howard Spodek|H. Spodek]] and D.M. Srinivasan.</ref> The archaeologist [[Jim Shaffer]] (1984:84-85) has noted that "at present, the archaeological record indicates no cultural discontinuities separating Painted Grey Ware from the indigenous protohistoric culture." However, the continuity of pottery styles may be explained by the fact that pottery was generally made by indigenous craftsmen even after the [[Indo-Aryan migration]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ejvs.laurasianacademy.com/ejvs0703/ejvs0703article.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=13 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523094912/http://www.ejvs.laurasianacademy.com/ejvs0703/ejvs0703article.pdf |archive-date=23 May 2013 }}</ref> According to Chakrabarti (1968) and other scholars, the origins of the subsistence patterns (e.g. rice use) and most other characteristics of the Painted Grey Ware culture are in eastern India or even [[Southeast Asia]].{{refn|group=note|See also [[Indo-Aryan migration#Archaeological evidence]].}}

== Recent Archaeology ==
In 2015, two periods of PGW were identified, at [[Ahichchhatra|Ahichhatra]], the earliest from {{circa|1500}} to 800 BCE, and the late from 800 to 400 BCE.<ref name="currentscience.ac.in">Pokharia, Anil K., Chanchala Srivastava, Bhuvan Vikram, et al. (2015). [https://www.currentscience.ac.in/cs/Volumes/109/07/1293.pdf "On the botanical findings from excavations at Ahichchhatra: a multicultural site in Upper Ganga Plain, Uttar Pradesh"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305195421/http://www.currentscience.ac.in/cs/Volumes/109/07/1293.pdf |date=5 March 2016 }}, in Current Science, Vol. 109, No. 7, 10 October 2015, p. 1301.</ref>{{refn|group=note|Petrie et al. (2019) mention 1500 to 700 BCE.<ref name="cambridge.org">Neogi, Sayantani, Charles A. I. French, Julie A. Durcan, Rabindra N. Singh, and Cameron A. Petrie, (2019). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/7EEB4F0A6653158B1160DB9B5ED61E90/S003358941900070Xa.pdf/geoarchaeological_insights_into_the_location_of_indus_settlements_on_the_plains_of_northwest_india.pdf "Geoarchaeological insights into the location of Indus settlements on the plains of northwest India"], in Quaternary Research, Volume 94, March 2020, p. 140.</ref>}}

In 2014, the PGW horizon of [[Kampil]] excavations were published as 2310 ± 120 BCE and 1360 ± 90 BCE by archaeologist D.P. Tewari.<ref>Tewari, D.P., (2014). "The Ceramic Traditions from Kampil Excavations", in Puratattva No.44, pp.194-207.</ref>

In 2013, further excavations at [[Alamgirpur]], near [[Delhi]], revealed contiguous occupation of the site, from Early Harappan, through Mature Harappan, Late Harappan, and into a period overlap between the later part of the Harappan phase (with a "noticeable slow decline in quality") and the earliest PGW levels; a sample of beans and grains from this transition layer (ZB 26 OxA-21882) offered a radiocarbon dating of 3659 ± 31 years BP (1647 BCE).<ref>Singh, R.N., Cameron Petrie et al., (2013). [https://www.academia.edu/8246061/Recent_Excavations_at_Alamgirpur_Meerut_District_A_Preliminary_Report "Recent Excavations at Alamgirpur, Meerut District: A Preliminary Report"], in Man and Environment 38(1), pp. 32-54.</ref>

In 2009, a team of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] led by B.R. Mani and Vinay Kumar Gupta collected charcoal samples from the spoil of an illegally excavated, government protected mound at Gosna, a site 6 km east of [[Mathura]] across the [[Yamuna]] river, where two of the radiocarbon dates came out to be 2160 BCE and 2170 BCE, the site may have had a plain or painted grey ware association, but the evidence has been lost.<ref name="Gupta" />

In 2006, excavation at [[Anuradhapura]] in [[Sri Lanka]] has unearthed Plain Grey Ware pottery (in North India associated with Painted Grey Ware) from the 'Basal early historic' period of [[Anuradhapura]] (600-500 BCE) showing connections with North India.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tyagi|first=Manisha|title=Commercial Relations Between North India and Sri Lanka in Ancient Period: A Study|date=2006|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/44147927|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=67|pages=106–117|jstor=44147927|issn=2249-1937}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Kuru kingdom]]
*[[Panchala]]
*[[Mahajanapadas]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note|1}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|first=Edwin|last=Bryant|author-link=Edwin Bryant (author)|title=The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2001|isbn=0-19-513777-9|title-link=The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture}}
*Chakrabarti, D.K. 1968. The Aryan hypothesis in Indian archaeology. Indian Studies Past and Present 4, 333–358.
*[[Jim Shaffer]]. 1984. The Indo-Aryan Invasions: Cultural Myth and Archaeological Reality. In: J.R. Lukak. The People of South Asia. New York: Plenum. 1984.
*[[Kenneth A.R. Kennedy|Kennedy, Kenneth]] 1995. ''"Have Aryans been identified in the prehistoric skeletal record from South Asia?"'', in George Erdosy, ed.: The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia, p. 49–54.

==External links==
{{Commons category|Painted Grey Ware}}

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060908052851/http://pubweb.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp/indus/english/3_1_07.html Indus Valley Civilization]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Painted Grey Ware Culture}}
[[Category:Iron Age cultures of South Asia]]
[[Category:Prehistoric Pakistan]]
[[Category:Prehistoric India]]
[[Category:Iron Age cultures of Asia]]
[[Category:13th-century BC establishments]]
[[Category:2nd-millennium BC establishments in India]]
[[Category:6th-century BC disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Archaeological cultures in India]]
[[Category:Indo-Aryan archaeological cultures]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Rajasthan]]

Vaashi (2022 film)

2026-03-03T09:43:23Z

IolaWatriama22: created basic info nd citations!

{{Short description|2022 film by Vishnu G. Raghav}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vaashi
| image = Release poster of Vaashi (2022 film).jpeg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Vishnu G Raghav
| producer = [[G. Suresh Kumar]]
| writer = Vishnu G Raghav
| story = Janiz Chacko Simon
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Tovino Thomas]]
* [[Keerthy Suresh]]}}
| music = [[Kailas Menon]]
| cinematography = Neil D'Cunha
| editing = Arju Benn
| studio = [[Revathy Kalamandhir]]
| distributor = {{Plainlist|
* Urvasi Theatres
* Remya Movies}}
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|06|17}}
| runtime = 128 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross = {{INR}}1.8 crore<ref>{{cite news |title='Vaashi' Box Office Collection: Tovino Thomas – Keerthy Suresh starrer mints Rs 1.2 crores |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vaashi-box-office-collection-tovino-thomas-keerthy-suresh-starrer-mints-rs-1-2-crores/articleshow/92573056.cms |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=The Times of India }}</ref>
}}

'''''Vaashi''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Legal drama|courtroom drama]] film<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 29, 2022 |first=Tanushree |last=Roy |title=Vaashi teaser out. Tovino Thomas, Keerthy Suresh's courtroom drama looks promising |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vaashi-teaser-out-tovino-thomas-keerthy-suresh-s-courtroom-drama-looks-promising-1955553-2022-05-29 |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=India Today }}</ref> written and directed by Vishnu G Raghav and produced by [[G. Suresh Kumar]] and co-produced by [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka Suresh]] and Revathy Suresh. The film stars [[Tovino Thomas]] and [[Keerthy Suresh]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-28 |title=Vaashi Movie Teaser: നേർക്ക് നേർ നിന്ന് പോരാടി ടോവിനോയും കീർത്തി സുരേഷും; വാശിയുടെ ടീസറെത്തി |url=https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/movies/vaashi-movie-teaser-released-tovino-thomas-keerthi-suresh-starrer-to-hit-theaters-on-june-17-93013 |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=Zee News Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref> in the lead roles. The music is composed by [[Kailas Menon]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/vaashi-first-look-tovino-thomas-keerthy-suresh-samantha-ruth-prabhu-7781395/ |date=2022-02-20 |title=Vaashi's first look has Tovino Thomas, Keerthy Suresh playing lawyers. See photo |access-date=2022-05-18 |website=The Indian Express }}</ref> with cinematography by Neil D'Cunha and editing by Arju Benn. The film released theatrically on 17 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vaashi-release-date-out-tovino-thomas-and-keerthy-suresh-to-face-off-in-this-courtroom-drama/articleshow/91591522.cms |date=16 May 2022 |title='Vaashi' release date out: Tovino Thomas and Keerthy Suresh to face off in this courtroom drama |access-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tovino-thomas-and-keerthy-suresh-s-courtroom-drama-vaashi-gets-release-date-164052 |title=Tovino Thomas and Keerthy Suresh's courtroom drama Vaashi gets release date|date=17 May 2022|access-date=25 May 2022 |work=The News Minute}}</ref>

==Plot==
Advocates Ebin and Madhavi are colleagues who fall in love and get married. However, they find themselves on opposite sides of an IPC 375 case that also involves elements of IPC 417. Despite their personal feelings, they both fight the case with the intention of winning, which causes problems in their personal lives. Their mentor and friend, Adv. Mulloor reminds them not to mix personal and professional lives, and eventually, they take his advice and reconcile with each other. Unfortunately, Madhavi's side loses the case, and the victim experiences a form of [[Stockholm syndrome]]. Madhavi decides to challenge the case in High Court. Then, both Ebin and Madhavi struggle to accept the moral boundaries of their profession, but they decide to keep their professional and personal lives separate. They come to realize that their love is beyond the egos of the courtroom.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Tovino Thomas]] as Adv. Ebin Mathew
* [[Keerthy Suresh]] as Adv. Madhavi Mohan<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/jan/26/tovino-thomas-keerthy-suresh-to-star-in-vishnu-g-raghavs-directorial-vaashi-2254999.html |title=Tovino Thomas, Keerthy Suresh to star in Vishnu G Raghav's directorial Vaashi |date=26 January 2021|access-date=25 May 2022 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
* [[Anu Mohan (Malayalam actor)|Anu Mohan]] as Gautham Ganesh
* [[Anagha Narayanan]] as Anusha Shivakumar
* [[Baiju Santhosh]] as Adv. Satheesh Mulloor
* Kottayam Ramesh as [[Judge]] Pillai
* [[G. Suresh Kumar]] as Mathew
* [[Nandu (Malayalam actor)|Nandu]] as Shivakumar
* [[Rony David]] as Jose
* Maya Menon
* [[Sreelakshmi]] as Madhavi's mother
* Geethi Sangeetha as Satheesh's wife
* Maya Viswanath
* Arya as Nandhitha
* [[Vanitha Krishnachandran]] as Ebin's mother
* [[Shobha Mohan]] as [[Magistrate]]
* RJ Raghu as Vimal
* Meera Nair PS as Elsy
* Amal Rajdev as Ganesh
* Vijaya Kumari as Ganesh's wife
}}

==Production==
Principal photography began on 17 November 2021 and filming was wrapped up on 19 January 2022.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/keerthy-suresh-and-tovino-thomas-wrap-up-vaashi-share-pics-from-film-set-1902701-2022-01-21|author=Janani K. |date=21 January 2022 |title=Keerthy Suresh and Tovino Thomas wrap up Vaashi, share pics from film set|access-date=25 May 2022|magazine=India Today}}</ref>

== Release ==
===Theatrical===
The film was released in theatres on June 17, 2022.

===Home media===
The digital streaming rights of the film is acquired by [[Netflix]] from amount of {{INR}} 10 crores.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=Tovino Thomas - Keerthy Suresh starrer 'Vaashi' OTT rights sold for a whopping amount|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/tovino-thomas-keerthy-suresh-starrer-vaashi-ott-rights-sold-for-a-whopping-amount/articleshow/92380621.cms |website=[[The Times Of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2022 |title=Exclusive! Tovino Thomas, Keerthy Suresh's Vaashi OTT rights sold to this platform for a whopping price|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/exclusive-tovino-thomas-keerthy-sureshs-vaashi-ott-rights-sold-to-this-platform-for-a-whopping-price/eb3b0a7cb0338 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref>
The film started streaming on Netflix from 17 July 2022 in [[Malayalam]] and dubbed versions of [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Kannada]] languages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2022 |title=Vaashi Movie OTT Release : ടോവിനോയുടെ വാശി ഇനി നെറ്റ്ഫ്ലിക്സിൽ, തീയതി പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു; ചിത്രം എത്തുന്നത് 4 ഭാഷകളിൽ |url=https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/movies/vaashi-movie-ott-release-date-announced-tovino-starrer-to-start-streaming-in-netflix-from-july-17-97286 |website=[[Zee Malayalam News]] |language=ml}}</ref>

==Music==
Soundtrack of ''Vaashi'' is composed by [[Kailas Menon]] and lyrics by [[Vinayak Sasikumar]].<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=nKBpM0ReRCM|title=Yaathonnum Parayathe Lyric Video – Vaashi – Tovino Thomas, Keerthy Suresh – Kailas – Vishnu – Vinayak |work=Think Music India|publisher=YouTube|date=21 May 2022}}</ref> The music rights of the film are owned by [[Think Music]].

===Track list===
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 12:45
| title1 = Yaathonnum Parayathe
| extra1 = [[Sithara (singer)|Sithara]], Abhijith Anilkumar
| length1 = 4:06
| lyrics1 = [[Vinayak Sasikumar]]
| title2 = Rithuragam
| length2 = 4:47
| lyrics2 = Vinayak Sasikumar
| extra2 = Keshav Vinod, Sruthy Sivadas
| title3 = Hey Kanmani
| length3 = 3:51
| lyrics3 = Vinayak Sasikumar
| extra3 = Abhijith Anilkumar, Greeshma Tharavath

}}

==Reception==
===Critical reception===
Anjana George of ''[[The Times of India]]'' criticised the weak script, the lack of depth in Keerthy's character, the usage of conventions and stereotypes of women's identity in a patriarchal society and rated the film 2 out of 5 stars. She wrote: "The movie reveals that the film fraternity is yet to have an idea on relationships, consent, sex, abuse, assault and feminism. It's high time for male scribes who venture to feature complex female characters who contribute significantly to the story considering the market trend, to understand women, their thought on sex, life, love, marriage, feminism and companionship."<ref>{{cite news |last=George |first=Anjana |date=June 17, 2022 |title=Vaashi Movie Review: Feminism, but from the masculine point of view |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/vaashi/movie-review/92279718.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=August 16, 2025}}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref> Cris of ''[[The News Minute]]'' stated that the film's script, though well-paced, lacked depth. He also stated that the court scenes and dialogues were well paced, the film does not connect much with the audience to support either of the character lawyers or explore the outcome, and felt the film "is more a relationship drama than a thriller" and writing: "'Vaashi' is tightly packed and has some lovely performances."<ref>{{cite news |author=Cris |date=June 17, 2022 |title=Vaashi review: This Keerthy-Tovino courtroom-based relationship drama is well-paced
|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/vaashi-review-keerthy-tovino-courtroom-based-relationship-drama-well-paced-165046 |work=[[The News Minute]] |access-date=August 16, 2025}}</ref> Goutham V. S. of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote: "''Vaashi'' is an engaging courtroom drama, with Tovino Thomas and Keerthy Suresh playing their roles convincingly."<ref>{{cite news |last=V. S. |first=Goutham |date=June 17, 2022 |title=Vaashi movie review: An engaging courtroom drama |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/vaashi-movie-review-an-engaging-courtroom-drama-7976100/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=August 16, 2025}}</ref> Princy Alexander of ''[[Onmanorama]]'' wrote: "Though the sound effects are jarring at times, the songs by Kailas Menon and written by Vinayak Sasikkumar are pleasing. Overall, 'Vaashi' leaves an impression on us, giving us some time to think about the case in point without forcing the subject upon the viewer."<ref>{{cite web |last=Alexander |first=Princy |date=June 17, 2022 |title='Vaashi' — A subtle legal drama that strikes a chord {{!}} Movie Review |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2022/06/16/vaashi-movie-review-keerthy-suresh-tovino.html |website=[[Onmanorama]] |access-date=August 16, 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|13913068}}

[[Category:2022 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:Indian courtroom films]]
[[Category:Indian legal drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Neha Nair]]

Payanangal Mudivathillai

2026-03-03T09:39:42Z

IolaWatriama22: made new pg nd citations.

{{short description|1982 film by R. Sundarrajan}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Payanangal Mudivathillai.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[R. Sundarrajan]]
| screenplay = R. Sundarrajan
| story = [[Kovaithambi]]{{efn|Though the story is credited to Kovaithambi,{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2011 |p=74}} he has stated that the story was actually Sundarrajan's.<ref name="maalaimalar" />}}
| producer = {{ubl|R. Elanchelian|Pollachi M. V. Rathinam|P. Muthusamy}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]]|[[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]]}}
| cinematography = Kasthuri
| editing = R. Bhaskaran
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = Motherland Pictures
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1982|02|26}}
| runtime = 133 minutes{{Sfn |Dhananjayan |2011 |p=74}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = ₹13 lakh<ref name="maalaimalar" />
| gross = 
}}
'''''Payanangal Mudivathillai''''' ({{translation|Journeys never end}}) is a 1982 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic drama film]] written and directed by [[R. Sundarrajan]]. The film stars [[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]] and [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]], with Rajini, [[S. Ve. Shekher]], [[Poornam Viswanathan]], [[Rajesh (Tamil actor)|Rajesh]] and [[Goundamani]] in supporting roles. Its plot revolves around a woman who falls in love with a singer whom she helped to rise to fame but struggles to declare her love for him.

''Payanangal Mudivathillai'' is Sundarrajan's directorial debut and the inaugural venture of [[Kovaithambi]]'s Motherland Pictures. The film was produced by R. Elanchelian, Pollachi M. V. Rathinam and P. Muthusamy. [[Ilaiyaraaja]] composed the music and [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] and [[S. Janaki]] performed the songs. Cinematography was handled by Kasthuri and the editing by R. Bhaskaran.

''Payanangal Mudivathillai'' was released on 26 February 1982 and it was shown in theatres for over a year, becoming a [[silver jubilee film]]. Both of the lead actors won [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards]] in their respective categories. The film was remade in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Kalaakaar]]'' (1983).

== Plot ==
Radha, a wealthy young woman, visits Suseela, her friend in [[Chennai|Madras]] who is participating in a contest, and writes a song for her. The paper on which Radha has written the song blows away and lands near the neighbouring house, where an aspiring singer Ravi Kumar and his friend Selvam live. Ravi finds the paper, writes music to accompany Radha's song and sings it which Radha overhears. Impressed, she anonymously helps Ravi get a chance to sing at the inauguration of a temple and to win a chance to perform in a television programme.

When Ravi meets Radha for the first time at the television studio, he composes and sings a song praising her in the programme, which is publicly appreciated. Radha uses her contacts to get Ravi work singing for a film; he achieves instant success and fame, and moves to a spacious house. Radha continues to support Ravi in every activity and his career grows. When Radha's father wants to arrange her marriage with his sister's son Mohan, she says she wants to marry Ravi but waits for the right time to tell Ravi. Though Ravi admires Radha, he has not yet expressed his love to her.

Radha becomes restless when Ravi goes on tour; he returns earlier than scheduled but does not contact Radha and avoids her. At a function held to honour him, Ravi claims sole responsibility for his success, much to Radha's disappointment. Radha is anxious; she meets Ravi to share her father's plan for her marriage, hoping she will be able to express her love for him. Ravi does not react; he cheerfully tells her he would sing at her wedding for free as a token of gratitude, shattering Radha. Unable to see his daughter's depression, Radha's father arranges for her to marry Mohan.

When Mohan lands in Madras, Ravi, his acquaintance, gives him a lift to a function. Mohan, a doctor, tells Radha and her father, who are waiting for him, Ravi is his patient and has been diagnosed with terminal [[Tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues|blood cancer]]. Radha is shocked and tries to contact Ravi, who does not respond to her calls because he wants her to think he is ungrateful and to marry someone else. She calls Ravi again; Mohan picks up the telephone and learns she and Ravi were in love. When Radha calls again, Mohan allows Ravi to speak to Radha, who says she has consumed poison because she does not want to live without him. Mohan and Ravi rush to Radha's house, only to see her die. Traumatised, Ravi also dies.

== Cast ==
* [[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]] as Ravi Kumar<ref name="kamadenu" />
* [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]] as Radha<ref name="kamadenu" />
* Rajini as Suseela<ref name="kamadenu" />
* [[S. Ve. Shekher]] as Selvam<ref name="kamadenu" />
* [[Poornam Viswanathan]] as Radha's father<ref name="kamadenu" />
* [[Rajesh (Tamil actor)|Rajesh]] as Mohan<ref name="kamadenu" />
* [[Goundamani]] as a house owner<ref name="kamadenu" />


The uncredited cast includes [[Gangai Amaran]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=29 August 2013 |title=Lights, camera, more action |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/lights-camera-more-action/article5071533.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207093037/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/lights-camera-more-action/article5071533.ece |archive-date=7 February 2020 |access-date=7 February 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> [[Venkat Prabhu]] and [[Premgi Amaren|Premji]] as themselves<ref name="Vikatan nostalgia">{{Cite web |last=கண்ணன் |first=சுரேஷ் |date=21 December 2022 |title=பயணங்கள் முடிவதில்லை: இளைய நிலா பொழிந்த அமரக்காவியம்; மைக் மோகன் உருவாகக் காரணமாக இருந்த சினிமா! |trans-title=Payanangal Mudivathillai: The immortal poem that showered the young moon; the film that was the reason for the creation of Mic Mohan! |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/payanangal-mudivathillai-ilaiyaraajas-classical-album-uplifted-this-poetic-love-story |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322085821/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/payanangal-mudivathillai-ilaiyaraajas-classical-album-uplifted-this-poetic-love-story |archive-date=22 March 2023 |access-date=25 March 2024 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> while [[Thavakalai Chittibabu]] plays a boy dancing to the song "Yeh Aatha".<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 February 2017 |title=நடிகர் தவக்களை மாரடைப்பால் காலமானார் |trans-title=Actor Thavakalai dies of a heart attack |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/203961-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304064248/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/203961-.html |archive-date=4 March 2020 |access-date=4 March 2020 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== Production ==
According to [[Kovaithambi]], in 1981 when he was a rising politician, [[R. Sundarrajan]] and his friend Sirumugai Ravi approached him, narrated a story and suggested he produce it as a film. Though he liked the story, Kovaithambi was hesitant to enter the film industry but agreed after being encouraged by fellow politician [[C. Aranganayagam]]. Shortly thereafter, Kovaithambi established Motherland Pictures and Sundarrajan's story became the company's inaugural venture ''Payanangal Mudivathillai'', making Sundarrajan's directorial debut.<ref name="maalaimalar" /> Despite establishing the company, Kovaithambi was not credited as producer; credit was instead given to R. Elanchelian, Pollachi M. V. Rathinam and P. Muthusamy, while Kovaithambi was credited for the story. Kasthuri was signed as cinematographer and R. Bhaskaran was engaged for editing.{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2011 |p=74}} Because music is integral to the storyline, Kovaithambi felt the established composer [[Ilaiyaraaja]] could be hired; Ilaiyaraaja accepted the offer after listening to the complete story for two hours, despite Sundarrajan saying he would only narrate the core premise for half an hour.<ref name="maalaimalar" />

The filmmakers wanted to feature mostly newcomers in the film, but none came forward because Kovaithambi was a politician and Sundarrajan was a first-time director. Kovaithambi considered casting [[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]] in the lead role after being impressed with his performance in ''[[Nenjathai Killathe]]'' (1980); Mohan agreed after listening to the story.<ref name="maalaimalar" /> The makers initially wanted [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] to dub Mohan's voice but he refused so they chose [[S. N. Surendar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2019 |title=பின்னணிக் குரலால் முன்னணிக்கு வந்த சுரேந்தர் |trans-title=Surendar made it big as a dubbing artist |url=http://www.thinakaran.lk/2019/10/05/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE/41471/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012040551/http://www.thinakaran.lk/2019/10/05/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE/41471/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D |archive-date=12 October 2019 |access-date=19 August 2020 |website=[[Thinakaran]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ஆனந்த் |first=பாரதி |date=30 November 2018 |title=மோகனுக்காக பேசியிருக்கேன்... ஆனா மோகன் எங்கிட்ட பேசினதே இல்ல! – எஸ்.என்.சுரேந்தர் |trans-title=I speak for Mohan... But Mohan has never spoken with me! – S. N. Surendar |url=https://www.kamadenu.in/news/tamilnadu/10935-mohan-has-not-spoken-with-me-till-date-s-n-surendar.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307173913/https://www.kamadenu.in/news/tamilnadu/10935-mohan-has-not-spoken-with-me-till-date-s-n-surendar.html |archive-date=7 March 2019 |access-date=7 March 2019 |website=[[Kamadenu (magazine)|Kamadenu]] |language=ta}}</ref> [[Suresh (actor, born 1963)|Suresh]] was initially supposed to be the male lead but could not continue after having an accident.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=5 July 2019 |title='பன்னீர் புஷ்பங்கள்' படத்தில் கமல்; 'பயணங்கள் முடிவதில்லை' படத்தில் சுரேஷ்: இயக்குநர் பி.வாசு பேட்டி |trans-title=Kamal in the film ''Panneer Pushpangal''; Suresh in the film ''Payanangal Mudivathillai'': An interview with director P. Vasu |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/234261-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609133955/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/234261-.html |archive-date=9 June 2020 |access-date=9 June 2020 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> [[Poornima Bhagyaraj]] (then known as Poornima Jayaram) was cast as the female lead after the filmmakers saw her in ''[[Manjil Virinja Pookkal]]'' (1980).<ref name="maalaimalar" /> She was initially reluctant to accept the film because it was directed by a newcomer but accepted after learning the music composer was Ilaiyaraaja.<ref>{{Cite news |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=16 February 2019 |title='இளையராஜா சார் மியூஸிக்னுதான் ஒத்துக்கிட்டேன்' – 'பயணங்கள் முடிவதில்லை' பூர்ணிமா ஓப்பன் டாக் |trans-title=Because Ilaiyaraaja was the music composer I accepted – ''Payanangal Mudivathillai'' Poornima Open Talk |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/154926-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207103452/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/154926-.html |archive-date=7 February 2020 |access-date=7 February 2020 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> ''Payanangal Mudivathillai'' was made on a budget of {{INRConvert|13|l|year=1981}} and was completed within four months.<ref name="maalaimalar" />

== Soundtrack ==
{{Further|Payanangal Mudivathillai (soundtrack)}}
The soundtrack for ''Payanangal Mudivathillai'' was composed by Ilaiyaraaja and the lyricists were [[Vairamuthu]], [[Gangai Amaran]] and [[Muthulingam (poet)|Muthulingam]]. The soundtrack was released on the label Echo Records.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Payanangal Mudivathillai Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/payanangal-mudivathillai-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128093822/https://mossymart.com/product/payanangal-mudivathillai-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |archive-date=28 November 2021 |access-date=28 November 2021 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Payanangal Mudivathillai (1982) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0000139 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724220333/http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0000139 |archive-date=24 July 2014 |access-date=9 October 2013 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref>

== Marketing ==
According to K. P. Sunil of ''[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]]'', ''Payanangal Mudivathillai'' was the first Indian film to have "larger-than-life cut-outs" of its composer.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Sunil |first=K. P. |date=16 August 1987 |title=Sheer Genius |url=https://ibb.co/BVrNMST |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317105931/https://ibb.co/BVrNMST |archive-date=17 March 2023 |access-date=17 March 2023 |magazine=[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]] |pages=56–57 |volume=108 |issue=26–49}}</ref> While the theatrical posters initially credited Sundarrajan for the story, his name was later replaced with that of Kovaithambi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shiva Kumar |first=S. |date=1982 |title=Kovai Thambi cheated |url=https://twitter.com/sshivu/status/1291682737254932481 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807102935/https://twitter.com/sshivu/status/1291682737254932481 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=7 August 2020 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |via=[[Twitter]]}}</ref>

== Release and reception ==
''Payanangal Mudivathillai'' was released on 26 February 1982.<ref name="maalaimalar" /> A private screening was earlier held for [[M. G. Ramachandran]], the [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]], in the second week of the month. Ramachandran appreciated the film and told Kovaithambi he would touch the peak of success in a week.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 June 2016 |title=பயணங்கள் முடிவதில்லை படத்தைப் பார்த்த எம்.ஜி.ஆர். |trans-title=MGR saw the film ''Payanangal Mudivathillai'' |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2016/06/02213152/1016196/cinima-history.vpf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260303090507/https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2016/06/02213152/1016196/cinima-history.vpf |archive-date=3 March 2026 |access-date=3 March 2026 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> In a review dated 21 March, the Tamil magazine ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' said the beauty of the screenplay is stunning, and the songs composed by Ilaiyaraaja and the singing of Balasubrahmanyam are the two pillars of the film, giving it a rating of 48 out of 100.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 1982 |title=சினிமா விமர்சனம் : ''பயணங்கள் முடிவதில்லை'' |trans-title=Movie Review: ''Payanangal Mudivathillai'' |url=https://www.vikatan.com/literature/arts/41725--2 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207043605/https://www.vikatan.com/literature/arts/41725--2 |archive-date=7 February 2020 |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> On the same day, Thiraignani of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' too printed a positive review, primarily for Mohan and Poornima's performances, the cinematography and the direction.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=திரைஞானி |date=21 March 1982 |title=பயணங்கள் முடிவதில்லை |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1982-03-21/page/n53/mode/2up? |access-date=5 September 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=53 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> The film ran for over a year in theatres, thereby becoming a [[silver jubilee film]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Selvaraj |first=N. |date=20 March 2017 |title=வெள்ளி விழா கண்ட தமிழ் திரைப்படங்கள் |trans-title=Films that became silver jubilee hits |url=http://puthu.thinnai.com/?p=34587 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330010659/http://puthu.thinnai.com/?p=34587 |archive-date=30 March 2017 |access-date=12 April 2018 |work=Thinnai |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeshi |first=K. |date=14 February 2011 |title=Screen presence |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Screen-presence/article15444139.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209092201/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Screen-presence/article15444139.ece |archive-date=9 February 2019 |access-date=31 May 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Its success led to Motherland producing more films starring Mohan as a singer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=கணேஷ் |first=எஸ். |date=2 April 2017 |title=ஓல்டு இஸ் கோல்டு: 526 நாட்கள் ஓடி சாதனை படைத்த படம்! |trans-title=Old is Gold: A film that ran for 526 days and achieved a milestone! |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/25235 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207221840/https://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/25235 |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=7 September 2020 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta |location=Nellai}}</ref> At the [[30th Filmfare Awards South]], Mohan won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=28 December 2007 |title=Back to acting, again! |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/back-to-acting-again/article2285161.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209092201/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/back-to-acting-again/article2285161.ece |archive-date=9 February 2019 |access-date=31 May 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> and Poornima won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=ஆனந்தராஜ் |first=கு. |date=19 February 2019 |title=80'ஸ் எவர்கிரீன் நாயகிகள் – 4 – ஏழு வருஷங்களுக்குப் பிறகுதான் ஹனிமூன்! – பூர்ணிமா பாக்யராஜ் |trans-title=80's evergreen heroines – 4 – Only after seven years the honeymoon! Poornima Bhagyaraj |url=https://www.vikatan.com/oddities/miscellaneous/148493-1980s-evergreen-heroins-poornima-bhagyaraj |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118050524/https://www.vikatan.com/oddities/miscellaneous/148493-1980s-evergreen-heroins-poornima-bhagyaraj |archive-date=18 January 2023 |access-date=4 March 2020 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015069813841;view=1up;seq=486 |title=The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who |publisher=[[The Times Group|Bennett Coleman & Co. Ltd]] |year=1984 |pages=234 |access-date=8 March 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The film was remade in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Kalaakaar]]'' (1983).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mahajan |first=Rohit |date=29 September 2020 |title=How Balasubrahmanyam broke the language barrier |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/how-balasubrahmanyam-broke-the-language-barrier-148349 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002211702/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/how-balasubrahmanyam-broke-the-language-barrier-148349 |archive-date=2 October 2020 |access-date=12 October 2020 |work=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]]}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="kamadenu">{{Cite web |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=26 February 2019 |title='பயணங்கள் முடிவதில்லை' – அப்பவே அப்படி கதை; 'பயணங்கள் முடிவதில்லை'க்கு 37 வயது! |trans-title=''Payanangal Mudivathillai'' – Then itself such a story; ''Payanangal Mudivathillai'' turns 37! |url=https://www.kamadenu.in/news/cinema/18918-payanangal-mudivathillai-appave-appadi-kdhai-37-years.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308080730/https://www.kamadenu.in/news/cinema/18918-payanangal-mudivathillai-appave-appadi-kdhai-37-years.html |archive-date=8 March 2019 |access-date=7 March 2019 |website=[[Kamadenu (magazine)|Kamadenu]] |language=ta}}</ref>
<ref name="maalaimalar">{{Cite news |date=1 July 2016 |title=டைரக்டராக ஆர்.சுந்தர்ராஜன் அறிமுகம் |trans-title=R. Sundarrajan's directorial debut |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/Cinema/CineHistory/2016/07/01223915/1022793/cine-histroy-Sundarrajan.vpf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716090343/https://www.maalaimalar.com/Cinema/CineHistory/2016/07/01223915/1022793/cine-histroy-Sundarrajan.vpf |archive-date=16 July 2018 |access-date=16 July 2018 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref>
</references>

== Bibliography ==
*{{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=The Best of Tamil Cinema, 1931 to 2010: 1977–2010 |publisher=Galatta Media |year=2011 |oclc=733724281}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{R. Sundarrajan}}

[[Category:1982 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1982 films]]
[[Category:1982 Indian films]]
[[Category:1982 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1982 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films about singers]]
[[Category:Films directed by R. Sundarrajan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by R. Sundarrajan]]
[[Category:Indian films about cancer]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic drama films]]

University (film)

2026-03-03T04:39:32Z

IolaWatriama22: created a post added tags!

{{short description|2002 movie by Praghadish}}
{{Long plot|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = University (film).jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = Praghadish
| producer = T. Ve. Shathish Vibha P. Balasubrahmanyam Ussha Balasubrahmanyam
| writer = Praghadish
| starring = [[Jeevan (Tamil actor)|Jeevan]] [[Gajala]]
| music = [[Ramesh Vinayakam]]
| cinematography = Ra. Krishna
| editing = [[V. T. Vijayan]]
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2002|10|04|df=yes}}
| runtime = 141 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''University''''' is a 2002 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romance film]] directed by Praghadish, starring [[Jeevan (Tamil actor)|Jeevan]] and [[Gajala]]. Jeevan made his debut and Gajala made her Tamil debut with this film. ''University'' was not commercially successful at the box office.

==Plot==
This movie is about a socially awkward college student named Gandhi (Jeevan), who cannot seem to have joyful social interactions with people. He greatly differs from his peers-he doesn't smoke, drink or participate in any vices, which immediately sets him apart when it comes to friendships. One fine day in college, his Romeo friend gets hit by an oncoming scooter, which a happy and extroverted girl called Shanmathi (Gajala) was riding. In a fit of anger, Gandhi reprimands her, which instantly earns him her distaste. His friend, however, put up a show of nicety, later on plotting to sabotage her by puncturing the wheel of her scooter. Despite Gandhi's pleas to stop him, he continues to do so. When the former tried to rectify the punctured wheel, Shanmathi comes by and is revolted by Gandhi's actions, mistaking his intentions and thinking that he instead, was trying to puncture the tire for revenge. The real saboteur comes by, once more acting as if Gandhi was at fault. Much to Aalthotta Boopathy's (Vivek) surprise, Gandhi never utters a word in defense. It is then revealed that due to his difficult upbringing that resulted in his introverted and low self esteem nature, he never speaks up for himself.

On another occasion, there was a molest case in college whereby Shanmathi and Gandhi were witnesses. Shanmathi had made an agreement with Gandhi not to reveal the ugly truth to anyone in attempts of protecting the affected girl's future, to which Gandhi complies. However, through a professor's prodding, Shanmathi reveals the truth, once more mistaking Gandhi and thinking that he was the one who had revealed to the professor about the molestation.
Due to his bad luck with people, Gandhi resorts to using a phone book to call people and say, "Wrong number", in which he uses the opportunity to speak with unknown people. Through this eccentric method, he calls Shanmathi one night. She was on the verge of committing suicide as her father had forced her into flying off to [[Malaysia]] since he disliked her love for singing, traveling and enjoying without a care in the world. It was then that Gandhi called, successfully preventing her from committing suicide. He then advises her on how she ought to face her problems and not run away from them like a coward, thereby changing her decision. The both of them have therefore never seen each other before. However, the gratitude that Shanmathi had for Gandhi slowly started blossoming into love as the both of them continued to speak on the phone with each other. Shanmathi wants to meet Gandhi at a restaurant, to which he reluctantly agreed. Despite his low self esteem, he gets excited as this is the first time someone has expressed liking for him. He dresses up fashionably for the first time and enters the restaurant with flowers, positive that his phone-lover would approve of him. However, upon entering the restaurant, he realizes that she is Shanmathi, the girl who has great distaste for him. Unfortunately, he spills over her drink while walking by, thereby increasing her distaste for him. He left the restaurant, dejected. When questioned by Shanmathi over the phone about his absence, he informed her that he will approach her on Valentine's Day. However, when he was just about to approach her, he accidentally steps on her scarf, which led to Shanmathi mistaking him for being a pervert. Once again feeling dejected, Gandhi decides never to approach her as she will never like him should she see him. With her friend's help, Shanmathi manages to trace the address of the mystery caller, eventually realizing that he is from her college.

Gandhi writes beautiful poems during his past time, of which the college's Psychology professor discovers and appreciates. Since the college's culturals was approaching, Shanmathi was appointed to sing a song, of which Gandhi is the lyricist, as appointed by the professor. Despite Gandhi's denial, the professor insists, to which Gandhi reluctantly agreed. When Gandhi asks Shanmathi about the mood of the song to which he can write appropriate lyrics, she neglects him completely, showcasing utter dislike for him. Gandhi overhears her conversation with her friend, in which she reveals how her song should bring forth her mystery lover. Gandhi writes the lyrics accordingly, which Shanmathi never takes notice of. When the professor discovers that Shanmathi was disturbed by her mystery lover, he instructs Boopathy to find out who that mystery lover is.

Aal Thotta Bhoopathy appoints an actor, Bala, to act like Shanmathi's mystery lover so that her real lover will stop Bala and reveal his identity. Shanmathi immediately believes that actor despite vast difference in the voice. To his dismay, Gandhi discovers that Shanmathi is in love with a man who was acting like him. Even when Boopathy scribbles love notes on the walls of the college, Shanmathi's real lover never appeared. Like many of the previous incidents, Gandhi never reveals the truth. Unfortunately, Bala takes advantage of the situation and tries to marry Shanmathi without anyone's knowledge. Gandhi finally opens up to his professor and receives an eye-opening lecture from him. He is then persuaded into revealing his identity and expressing his love for Shanmathi. Meanwhile, Boopathy reveals his ill-fated plot to Shanmathi, who cannot bear it any longer and resorts to suicide once more. Gandhi then uses a speaker to say the very same words of advice against suicide as he first did to her, which reaches Shanmathi's ears. She tries to run into the room where her mystery lover is, only to be stopped by Bala. In a short duel, Boopathy manages to stab Bala's leg and free Shanmathi, who jostles in the crowd and reaches the room her lover was in. Upon discovering that her lover was Gandhi, she regrets dismissing him rudely several times. The movie ends as she runs and hugs Gandhi, delighted that she has found the man she had been dreaming about.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Jeevan (Tamil actor)|Jeevan]] as Gandhi a.k.a. Wrong Number
* [[Gajala]] as Shanmathi
* [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Aal Thotta Bhoopathy
* [[Raghuvaran]] as Tamilselvan
* [[Sonia (actress)|Sonia]] as Gouri
* [[Ilavarasu]]
* [[M. S. Bhaskar]]
* [[Sridhar (choreographer)|Sridhar]] as Sridhar
* Johny
* Raviraj as Professor
* [[Sherlyn Chopra|Mona Chopra]] as an item number
}}

== Production ==
Jeevan made his acting debut in this film. The director was supportive of Jeevan's decision to not cut his hair for the film, which was unconventional for actors during that time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=2 December 2002 |title=Meeting with Jeevan (hero of 'University') |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/interviews/jeevan.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030302162024/http://www.chennaionline.com/interviews/jeevan.asp |archive-date=2 March 2003 |access-date=2 March 2003 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
Music composed by [[Ramesh Vinayakam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ezhumalai- University Tamil Film Audio CD |url=https://macsendisk.com/product/ezhumalai-university-tamil-film-audio-cd/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714220305/https://macsendisk.com/product/ezhumalai-university-tamil-film-audio-cd/ |archive-date=14 July 2024 |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=Macsendisk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=University |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/university/KW2CUFrnS0s_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504162753/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/university/KW2CUFrnS0s_ |archive-date=4 May 2023 |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=[[JioSaavn]] |date=9 June 2002 }}</ref>{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 35:35
| all_lyrics = [[Vairamuthu]]
| title1 = Jeevan Engae
| extra1 = [[Mathangi Jagdish|Mathangi]]
| length1 = 6:08
| title2 = Jyothika Radhika
| extra2 = [[Anuradha Sriram]]
| length2 = 5:28
| title3 = Kathalai Valarthai
| extra3 = [[Ramesh Vinayakam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length3 = 5:26
| title4 = Kiss Adippom
| extra4 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Mathangi Jagdish|Mathangi]], Ramesh Vinayakam
| length4 = 5:36
| title5 = Nenjae Thullipo
| extra5 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| length5 = 4:50
| title6 = Vaan Mazhai
| extra6 = [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
| length6 = 5:21
| title7 = Vimmavey
| extra7 = Ramesh Vinayakam, [[Gopika Poornima]]
| length7 = 2:46
}}

== Critical reception ==
Malathi Rangarajan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' opined that "The imperfect lip-sync at many points, and minor faux pas such as the one about caller-id telephones, could have been avoided. [...] Yet this ''University'', which is a decent, dignified portrayal of love, has an indisputable freshness about it".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=11 October 2002 |title=University |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/10/11/stories/2002101101170201.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005154745/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/10/11/stories/2002101101170201.htm |archive-date=5 October 2009 |access-date=28 December 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' gave a mixed review stating that "''University'' like the title, is all about half-baked love mixed with the right ingredients like music and comedy. But somehow the film peters out after a promising start".<ref>{{Cite web |title=University |url=https://m.sify.com/movies/university-review-tamil-pcluuyighfjhg.html#selection-553.88-557.158 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011083434/https://m.sify.com/movies/university-review-tamil-pcluuyighfjhg.html |archive-date=11 October 2022 |access-date=20 September 2020 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' called the film a "a peppy, youthful film with an interesting fresh star team and a pace that doesn't lag".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=14 October 2002 |title=University |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov218.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040803201330/http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov218.asp |archive-date=3 August 2004 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> ''Cinesouth'' wrote, "The faint thread of suspense in the screenplay and Vivek's comedy are the only two things that make this film slightly watch-able. Other than these, the film is extremely frustrating".<ref>{{Cite web |title=University |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/scopes/reviews/university.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030215125606/http://www.cinesouth.com/scopes/reviews/university.shtml |archive-date=15 February 2003 |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2002 Indian films]]
[[Category:2002 romance films]]
[[Category:2002 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2002 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2002 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ramesh Vinayakam]]
[[Category:Films set in universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Indian romance films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance films]]

Yaan (film)

2026-03-03T03:30:24Z

IolaWatriama22: created basic details more to come

{{Short description|2014 Indian film by Ravi K. Chandran}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Yaan film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Ravi K. Chandran]]
| producer = [[Elred Kumar]] Jayaraman
| writer = Ravi K. Chandran
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Jiiva]]|[[Thulasi Nair]]}}
| music = [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| cinematography = [[Manush Nandan]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| studio = [[RS Infotainment]]
| distributor = Dream Factory
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2014|10|2}}
| runtime = 156 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Yaan''''' ({{translation|I}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller film]] written, directed and filmed by [[Ravi K. Chandran]]. It stars [[Jiiva]] and [[Thulasi Nair]] in her second and final acting credit.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 September 2012 |title=Thulasi Nair follows her sister's footsteps |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/regional/thulasi-nair-follows-her-sister-s-footsteps_120036.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007000132/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/regional/thulasi-nair-follows-her-sister-s-footsteps_120036.htm |archive-date=7 October 2012 |access-date=29 September 2012 |work=[[Zee News]]}}</ref> The film's soundtrack and score was composed by [[Harris Jayaraj]], while editing and art direction were done by [[A. Sreekar Prasad]] and [[Sabu Cyril]], respectively.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 October 2012 |title=Jiiva-Thulasi's 'Yaan' to roll |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/jiiva-thulasi-s-yaan-to-roll-news-tamil-mkbo1efffjd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001171159/http://www.sify.com/movies/jiiva-thulasi-s-yaan-to-roll-news-tamil-mkbo1efffjd.html |archive-date=1 October 2012 |access-date=1 October 2012 |work=[[Sify]]}}</ref> [[Resul Pookutty]] was in charge of the sound mixing and [[Brinda (choreographer)|Brinda]] was in charge of the choreography. The film was reported to be based on the 1978 film ''[[Midnight Express (film)|Midnight Express]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2014 |title=Southern movies inspired without credit – here's the list |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/southern-movies-inspired-without-credit-heres-list-20556 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107091359/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/southern-movies-inspired-without-credit-heres-list-20556 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=[[The News Minute]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2014 |title=Southern cinemas uncredited film adaptations |url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article-amp/news-ians/southern-cinema-s-uncredited-film-adaptations-114111200512_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204181644/https://wap.business-standard.com/article-amp/news-ians/southern-cinema-s-uncredited-film-adaptations-114111200512_1.html |archive-date=4 February 2021 |access-date=20 September 2021 |work=[[Business Standard]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref> was released on 2 October 2014.

==Plot==
The film begins in [[Mumbai]] where cops plan the [[Encounter killing|encounter]] of terrorist Malik Shah, who is a notorious criminal. The cops succeed in trapping him, and Police Commissioner Anwar Ali kills Malik. Then comes Chandrasekhar, a happy-go-lucky, jobless youth who is an [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] graduate and lives in his grandmother's expense. Chandru meets Sreela on the day of the encounter and helps her elope the spot, saving her life. Chandru falls for Sreela at first sight and starts to follow her. Though initially, she refuses him, they both fall in love soon. As usual, Sreela's father Rajan opposes their marriage as Chandru is jobless and does not have an income. Hence, Chandru decides to find a job with full fledge. He finally gets a job offer in 'Basilistan', a strict [[Islam]]ic nation. Chandru travels to Basilistan with the help of a travel agent named Haridas. He also introduces Iqbal, an [[autism|autistic]] teen boy to Chandru, who is also travelling to Basilistan for a work and asks Chandru to take care of him until they reach Basilistan.

A shock awaits Chandru and Iqbal, as they are arrested in Basilistan airport for carrying drugs. In the court, Chandru sees a man named Abdul Rashid, a wealthy entrepreneur from Basilistan, who resembles Malik. Chandru is interrogated by the officials. He claims that he is innocent but is sent to prison with a note that [[drug trafficking]] is a punishable offence in Basilistan, and he will be killed by the officials. Chandru understands that it was a trap set up by Haridas. Chandru meets Chinna, an inmate at the jail who is a [[Tamils|Tamilian]]. Chinna is arrested for a small crime and is about to be released soon. Chinna tells Chandru that if someone from India can help him find a lawyer at Basilistan, he will get bail and will be released. Chandru sends a note for Sreela through Chinna, and Sreela decides to help Chandru. With Anwar's help, Sreela travels to Basilistan to rescue Chandru. She meets a Tamil taxi driver who drives her to the jail. On the way, they witness the execution of the criminals. She is shocked to see Chandru among the group and is deeply hurt. Luckily for Chandru, the execution did not happen because of the broken sword whilst executing Imran. He is taken back to jail. Chandru escapes the jail and meets Sreela. They both escape the place with the taxi driver's help.

Meanwhile, it is revealed that Rashid is none other than Malik himself, who faked the encounter with a dummy. Fearing that his identity will be revealed by Chandru, he follows Chandru and Sreela to kill them. They cross the Basilistan border with a [[camel]], and Malik gets killed. Finally, Chandru and Sreela escape from Basilistan.

==Cast==
{{Colbegin}}
* [[Jiiva]] as K. Chandrasekhar (Chandru)
* [[Thulasi Nair]] as Sreela Rajan
* [[Nawab Shah (actor)|Nawab Shah]] as Sultan Malik Shah (Terrorist) /Abdul Rashid
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Rajan
* [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as Anwar Ali
* [[Thambi Ramaiah]] as Chinna
* [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]] as Shaji
* [[Arjunan (actor)|Arjunan]] as Shiva
* [[Bose Venkat]] as Haridas
* [[Rishi (Tamil actor)|Rishi]] as Ram
* [[Urmila Unni]] as Lakshmi
* Danush Bhaskar as Iqbal
* Alpesh Dhakan
* Bobby Bedi
* [[Neha Chauhan]] as Isha
{{colend}}

==Production==
===Development===
In an interview with ''[[The Times of India]]'', producer [[Elred Kumar]] of [[RS Infotainment]] said that cinematographer-turned-director [[Ravi K. Chandran]] and actor [[Jiiva]] wanted to pitch a story to him, and he was initially hesitant at first as he thought that Chandran would come up with an "[[Art film|arty]]" subject, but he immediately agreed to produce the film when Chandran came up with an action story.<ref name = YAANTOI /> Jiiva was revealed to be playing an unemployed [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] graduate with a "happy-go-lucky nature", while [[Thulasi Nair]]'s character, Sreela, was a "sincere, responsible girl" who is just out of college and the opposite of Chandru.<ref>{{Cite news |last=CR |first=Sharanya |date=24 September 2014 |title=Jiiva's funny side in Yaan |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Jiivas-funny-side-in-Yaan/articleshow/43243493.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925071134/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Jiivas-funny-side-in-Yaan/articleshow/43243493.cms |archive-date=25 September 2014 |access-date=23 September 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Stuntman Mustapha Touki, who had worked in films like ''[[Babel (film)|Babel]]'' (2006), ''[[The Bourne Ultimatum (film)|The Bourne Ultimatum]]'' (2007) and ''[[Zero Dark Thirty]]'' (2012), was hired to choreograph the action and stunt sequences.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2014 |title=International stunt coordinator on board for 'Yaan' |url=http://www.ianslive.in/index.php?param=news/International_stunt_coordinator_on_board_for_Yaan-412228/ENTERTAINMENT/15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904063132/http://www.ianslive.in/index.php?param=news/International_stunt_coordinator_on_board_for_Yaan-412228/ENTERTAINMENT/15 |archive-date=4 September 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANSLive]]}}</ref> [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]] was selected to play a supporting role, in a role originally written for [[Prakash Raj]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jyothsna |title=ACTOR K.KARUNAKARAN INTERVIEW |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-actors/kkarunakaran/soodhu-kavvum-fame-karunakarans-interview.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250904223623/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-actors/kkarunakaran/soodhu-kavvum-fame-karunakarans-interview.html |archive-date=4 September 2025 |access-date=20 February 2026 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref>

===Filming===
The film's launch was held at [[Gokuldham Temple]], [[Goregaon]], [[Mumbai]] in November 2012, where photoshoots were done.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 November 2012 |title='Yaan' progressing in Mumbai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/yaan-progressing-in-mumbai/articleshow/17332805.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606230716/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/yaan-progressing-in-mumbai/articleshow/17332805.cms |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=20 February 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> By March 2013, about 65% of the film was completed in [[Chennai]], [[Hyderabad]] and [[Karjat]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prasad |first=Shiva |date=3 March 2013 |title='Yaan' is 65% complete |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Yaan-is-65-complete/articleshow/18774845.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003161318/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Yaan-is-65-complete/articleshow/18774845.cms |archive-date=3 October 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Further shooting was done in [[Morocco]], where a 15-day schedule was held.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Rinku |date=12 May 2014 |title='My first shot in Yaan was by Ravi sir himself!' |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/My-first-shot-in-Yaan-was-by-Ravi-sir-himself/2014/05/12/article2219277.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006150058/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/My-first-shot-in-Yaan-was-by-Ravi-sir-himself/2014/05/12/article2219277.ece |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=4 September 2014 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Shooting was also done in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], Mumbai and Iceland.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 May 2014 |title=Yaan team back in Mumbai |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Yaan-team-back-in-Mumbai/articleshow/34914592.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104011/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Yaan-team-back-in-Mumbai/articleshow/34914592.cms |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=3 September 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The lead pair changed 50 costumes each for the song sequence "Latcham Calorie".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lakshmi |first=V |date=20 July 2014 |title=Jiiva, Thulasi to sport 100 outfits for a song |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Jiiva-Thulasi-to-sport-100-outfits-for-a-song/articleshow/38678518.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720234855/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Jiiva-Thulasi-to-sport-100-outfits-for-a-song/articleshow/38678518.cms |archive-date=20 July 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Two song sequences were shot in Switzerland.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 August 2014 |title=Jiiva's Yaan goes to Switzerland |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Jiivas-Yaan-goes-to-Switzerland/articleshow/40770201.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606225304/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Jiivas-Yaan-goes-to-Switzerland/articleshow/40770201.cms |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> On 2 September 2014, Jiiva confirmed on his [[Twitter]] account that the shooting of the film was completed.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=506546573149761537 |user=JiivaOfficial |title=Finally We wrap with Yaan... Thnxx to @dop007 @elredkumar n my co star @ThulasiN ... |author=Jiiva |author-link=Jiiva |access-date=20 February 2026 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/V9e30 |archive-date=21 February 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Yaan
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 12 May 2014
| recorded = 2014
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 23.43
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label = [[Sony Music India]]
| producer = Harris Jayaraj
| prev_title = [[Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal]]
| prev_year = 2014
| next_title = [[Yennai Arindhaal]]
| next_year = 2015
}}

[[Harris Jayaraj]] composed the soundtrack album. He recorded the songs in New York, Florida, Haiti, Jamaica and Mexico.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2013 |title=Harris in New York for 'Yaan' music! |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Harris-in-New-York-for-Yaan-music/articleshow/19396038.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102234859/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Harris-in-New-York-for-Yaan-music/articleshow/19396038.cms |archive-date=2 November 2015 |access-date=4 September 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The album was released on 12 May 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 May 2014 |title=Yaan's audio launch on 12th May! |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Yaans-audio-launch-on-12th-May/articleshow/34464963.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505084854/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Yaans-audio-launch-on-12th-May/articleshow/34464963.cms |archive-date=5 May 2014 |access-date=6 May 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In early September 2014. Harris began work on the background score of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2014 |title=Why is 'Yaan' special |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Why-is-Yaan-special/articleshow/41865985.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115180721/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Why-is-Yaan-special/articleshow/41865985.cms |archive-date=15 November 2015 |access-date=6 September 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> On 12 September, he confirmed that the background score for the first half of the film had been completed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2014 |title=Harris Jayaraj gets busy with 'Yaan' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Harris-Jayaraj-gets-busy-with-Yaan/articleshow/42394277.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115175217/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Harris-Jayaraj-gets-busy-with-Yaan/articleshow/42394277.cms |archive-date=15 November 2015 |access-date=13 September 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Reviewing the album, S. R. Ashok Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' described "Aathangara Orathil" as "interesting and energetic" and "Nenje Nenje" as "charming", while also stressing that "Latcham Calorie" "is sure to strike a chord with listeners".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=7 June 2014 |title=Audio Beat: Yaan – Melody, gana, rap |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-yaan-melody-gana-rap/article6092745.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610013410/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-yaan-melody-gana-rap/article6092745.ece |archive-date=10 June 2014 |access-date=19 September 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> [[Karthik Srinivasan|Karthik]] of ''[[Milliblog]]'' provided a mixed review and stated that, "But for "Hey Lamba Lamba" and "Nenje Nenje", ''Yaan'' is Yawn".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |date=12 May 2014 |title=Yaan (Music review), Tamil – Harris Jayaraj |url=http://itwofs.com/milliblog/2014/05/13/yaan-music-review-tamil-harris-jayaraj/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723140702/http://itwofs.com/milliblog/2014/05/13/yaan-music-review-tamil-harris-jayaraj/ |archive-date=23 July 2014 |access-date=4 September 2014 |website=[[Milliblog]]}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 24:23
| title1 = Hey Lamba Lamba
| lyrics1 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaalee]]
| extra1 = [[Devan Ekambaram]], [[Krishna Iyer]], Divya Vijay
| length1 = 4:49
| title2 = Aathangara Orathil
| lyrics2 = [[Kabilan (lyricist)|Kabilan]]
| extra2 = [[Gana Bala]], MC Vickey
| length2 = 4:24
| title3 = Latcham Calorie
| lyrics3 = [[Pa. Vijay]]
| extra3 = [[Arjun Menon]], [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
| length3 = 5:24
| title4 = Nenje Nenje
| lyrics4 = Kabilan
| extra4 = [[P. Unnikrishnan]], Chinmayi, Praveen Saivi
| length4 = 3:22
| title5 = Nee Vandhu Ponadhu
| lyrics5 = [[Thamarai]]
| extra5 = [[KK (singer)|KK]], [[Bombay Jayashri]], [[Ramya NSK]], [[Megha (singer)|Megha]]
| length5 = 6:24
}}

==Release==
Dream Factory bought the worldwide distribution rights of ''Yaan''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 July 2014 |title=Successful producers unite for 'Dream Factory' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Successful-producers-unite-for-Dream-Factory/articleshow/37957013.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119063652/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Successful-producers-unite-for-Dream-Factory/articleshow/37957013.cms |archive-date=19 January 2016 |access-date=4 September 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The satellite rights of the film were sold for {{INRConvert|3.5|c}} to [[Zee Tamil]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 May 2014 |title=Yaan sold to Zee Tamil for a huge amount |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Yaan-sold-to-Zee-Tamil-for-a-huge-amount/articleshow/35617144.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529110515/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Yaan-sold-to-Zee-Tamil-for-a-huge-amount/articleshow/35617144.cms |archive-date=29 May 2014 |access-date=4 September 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The trailer of the film was launched on 3 September 2014. The teaser features Jiiva in a police uniform confirming that he would portray the role of a police officer in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2014 |title=WATCH: Terror's the new baddie and Jiiva's Yaan makes all the right noises |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/regional/watch-terror-s-the-new-baddie-and-jiiva-s-yaan-makes-all-the-right-noises/article1-1259578.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904031652/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/regional/watch-terror-s-the-new-baddie-and-jiiva-s-yaan-makes-all-the-right-noises/article1-1259578.aspx |archive-date=4 September 2014 |access-date=4 September 2014 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> The trailer reached 400,000 hits in 3 days on [[YouTube]].<ref name="YAANTOI">{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=7 September 2014 |title=Ravi K Chandran surprises with an action entertainer |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Ravi-K-Chandran-surprises-with-an-action-entertainer/articleshow/41872430.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908023716/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Ravi-K-Chandran-surprises-with-an-action-entertainer/articleshow/41872430.cms |archive-date=8 September 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film was released on 2 October 2014.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=514429568250179584 |user=elredkumar |title=Big Step for #YAAN. Yaan censored with U certificate & Movie releasing on Oct 2nd. |author=Red |author-link=Elred Kumar |access-date=20 February 2026 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/27GrQ |archive-date=21 February 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Critical reception==
[[Baradwaj Rangan]] from ''The Hindu'' wrote, "Ravi K Chandran is a great cinematographer — of that, there is little doubt. But his first outing as writer-director, ''Yaan'', is a major disappointment".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=3 October 2014 |title=Yaan: All icing, no cake |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/yaan-movie-review-by-baradwaj-rangan/article6468718.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129093034/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/yaan-movie-review-by-baradwaj-rangan/article6468718.ece |archive-date=29 November 2014 |access-date=7 October 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> M. Suganth of ''The Times of India'' gave 2 out of 5 and wrote, "...despite all the colours on the screen, this is such a dull, flavourless film, let down by the writing, which is preposterous and uninspiring".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suganth |first=M |date=3 October 2014 |title=Yaan Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Yaan/movie-review/44225969.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529055038/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Yaan/movie-review/44225969.cms |archive-date=29 May 2016 |access-date=3 October 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> S. Saraswathi of [[Rediff.com]] gave the film 2 stars out of 5 as well and wrote, "Aside from the exceptional camera work, there is nothing remarkable about ''Yaan''", going on to call it "a long, tedious and completely over-the-top action drama" and a "terrible bore".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saraswathi |first=S |date=2 October 2014 |title=Review: Yaan is a terrible bore |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-yaan-is-a-terrible-bore-south/20141002.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007112322/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-yaan-is-a-terrible-bore-south/20141002.htm |archive-date=7 October 2014 |access-date=7 October 2014 |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] gave it a score of 1 out of 5 and wrote, "Jiiva has been an actor for nearly a decade and he should know best what will be accepted by the audience. Chandran has worked as a cinematographer for over two decades and he should've known better too. Together they've produced a film that makes you yawn in boredom".<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 October 2014 |title=Tamil movie review: Yaan is very predictable |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/tamil-movie-review-yaan-is-very-predictable/article1-1271280.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003120202/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/tamil-movie-review-yaan-is-very-predictable/article1-1271280.aspx |archive-date=3 October 2014 |access-date=7 October 2014 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, "''Yaan'' is a mixed bag and the noted cameraman turned director seems to be largely influenced by Bollywood flicks. It is well made, glossy but lacks a proper script".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Yaan |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/yaan-could-ve-done-with-more-heart-review-tamil-15058374.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005211217/http://www.sify.com/movies/yaan-could-ve-done-with-more-heart-review-tamil-15058374.html |archive-date=5 October 2014 |access-date=7 October 2014 |work=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Neelima Menon wrote for ''Silverscreen.in'', "Except for picture perfect visuals, there is hardly anything memorable about this film. One can't think of a single memorable song or line or performance, even though there was a solid technical team to back up the director".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Neelima |date=3 October 2014 |title=A Big Yawn: The Yaan Review |url=http://silverscreen.in/reviews/a-big-yawn-the-yaan-review/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223616/http://silverscreen.in/reviews/a-big-yawn-the-yaan-review/ |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=7 October 2014 |work=Silverscreen.in |language=en}}</ref>

==Plagiarism allegations==
Although Ravi K. Chandran initially claimed that ''Yaan'' was an original script inspired by a true incident, Elred Kumar realised he had substantially plagiarised the 1978 American/British film ''[[Midnight Express (film)|Midnight Express]]''. Kumar later sent a legal notice to Chandran for breaching an agreement he had signed stating that the story was original.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2014 |title='Yaan' makers send legal notice to director Ravi Chandran |url=http://www.ianslive.in/index.php?param=news/Yaan_makers_send_legal_notice_to_director_Ravi_Chandran-455717/s_Aaliya-422835/+DIASPORA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117074648/http://www.ianslive.in/index.php?param=news%2FYaan_makers_send_legal_notice_to_director_Ravi_Chandran-455717%2Fs_Aaliya-422835%2F+DIASPORA |archive-date=17 January 2022 |access-date=26 July 2017 |website=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANSLive]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Naig |first=Udhav |date=20 November 2014 |title=Claims of plagiarism pile on Kollywood |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/claims-of-plagiarism-pile-on-kollywood/article6615651.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128094716/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/claims-of-plagiarism-pile-on-kollywood/article6615651.ece |archive-date=28 November 2014 |access-date=7 June 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:2010s prison films]]
[[Category:2014 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2014 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2014 controversies]]
[[Category:2014 crime action films]]
[[Category:2014 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2014 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police]]
[[Category:Films about prison escapes]]
[[Category:Films about the illegal drug trade]]
[[Category:Films about torture]]
[[Category:Films involved in plagiarism controversies]]
[[Category:Films scored by Harris Jayaraj]]
[[Category:Films set in fictional countries]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Iceland]]
[[Category:Films shot in Morocco]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Films shot in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Indian intellectual property law]]
[[Category:Indian prison films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language crime action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Unofficial film adaptations]]

Singaporeans of Indian descent

2026-02-18T11:19:04Z

IolaWatriama22: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[Indian Singaporeans]]

{{R from alternative name}}

P. T. Narasimhachar

2026-02-04T21:21:13Z

IolaWatriama22: adjust structure further and fixed typos based on references

{{Short description|Indian writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox writer 
|name = P. T. Narasimhachar (Pu Ti Na)
|image = P. T. Narasimhachar.jpg 
|caption =
|pseudonym = Pu Ti Na (ಪು ತಿ ನ)
|birth_date = {{birth date|1905|03|17|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Melukote]], [[Pandavapura|Pandavapura taluk]], [[Mysore district]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]], [[British India]] (now [[Mandya district]], Karnataka, India)
|death_date = {{death date and age|1998|10|23|1905|03|17|df=y}}
|death_place = Bangalore, Karnataka
|occupation = Writer, poet
|nationality = Indian
|period =
|genre = Fiction
|subject =
|movement = [[Kannada]]: Navodaya
|influences =
|influenced =
|signature =
}}

'''Purohita Thirunarayanaiyengar Narasimhachar''' (17 March 1905 – 23 October 1998), commonly known as '''PuTiNa''', was a playwright and poet in the [[Kannada language]]. Along with, [[Kuvempu]] and [[D. R. Bendre]], he forms the well-known trio of Kannada [[Modern Kannada literature#Navodaya|Navodaya]] poets.<ref name="bk1">K. M. George (1992), p642</ref> He was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] by the [[Government of India]] in 1991.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2015 | access-date=21 July 2015 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> He was a [[Sahitya Akademi]] fellow and the winner of the [[Pampa Award]], awarded by the [[Government of Karnataka]] in 1991.<ref name="bk2">P. T. Narasimhachar (2001), Back cover</ref>

==Life and career==
Narasimhachar was born on 17 March 1905 into an orthodox [[Iyengar]] family in the town of [[Melkote]] in [[Mandya district]] of [[Karnataka]].<ref name="web">{{cite web|url=http://kannada.oneindia.com/literature/articles/2004/170304putina.html|title=Birth centenary of PuTiNa|work=ThatsKannada.com|access-date=21 March 2009|archive-date=29 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929162713/http://thatskannada.oneindia.in/literature/articles/2004/170304putina.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Apart from being a writer, PuTiNa also worked in the army of [[Mysore state]] and later in the legislature of the Government of Mysore state.<ref name="web1">{{cite web|url=https://kannada.oneindia.com/news/2000/06/14/putinahouse.html|title=House of PuTiNa at Melkote is a cultural icon|work=ThatsKannada.com|access-date=21 March 2009|archive-date=20 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720192808/http://thatskannada.oneindia.in/news/2000/06/14/putinahouse.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He died on 13 October 1998.<ref>{{cite web |title=Narasiṃhācār, Pu. Ti., 1905-1998 - Library of Congress |url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n82028432.html |website=id.loc.gov |access-date=1 August 2022}}</ref>

==Literary contributions==
PuTiNa was one of the catalysts of the Navodaya style of Kannada literature. According to Lakshminarayana Bhat, "At a broader level, the growth of the Navodaya style of literature resembles the growth of the writings of PuTiNa".<ref name="wb4">{{cite web|url=http://www.ourkarnataka.com/skharihareshwara/putina1.htm|title=An analysis of Pu. Ti. Narasimhachar's work|work=OurKarnataka.com|access-date=21 March 2009}}</ref> In his first collection of poems ''Hanathe'', he conveys profound insights into significant moments in life by using a simple language and style. Many of PuTiNa's writings detail the beauty and majesty of nature, bordering on the spiritual.<ref name="bk6">K. M. George (1992), p174</ref> Two of his well-known writings are ''Ahalye'', which subtly narrates the conflict between [[kama]] and [[dharma]], and ''Gokula Nirgamana'', which narrates the departure of [[Krishna]] from [[Gokula]].<ref name="sis">Sisir Kumar Das (1995), p766</ref> PuTiNa's essays reflect his dominant poetic personality.<ref name="ama">Amaresh Datta (1988), p1220</ref>

==Awards and recognitions==
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Kannada|Kendra Sahitya Academy Award]] in 1966 for his work "Hamsa Damayanti Mattu Itara Roopakagalu"
* [[Pampa Award|Pampa Prashasthi]] in 1991 from [[Karnataka Government]]{{Sfn|Chari|1994|p=36}}
* [[Padma Shri]] from the Government of India, 1991<ref name="Padma Awards"/>

==Bibliography==

===Collection of poems===
*''Hanate''
*''Mandaliru''
*''Sharadayaamini''
*''Hrudaya vihari''
*''Ganesha darshana''
*''Rasa Sarasvati''
*''Maley Degula''
*''Irula Meragu''
*''Haley Chiguru – Hosa Beru''
*''Raaga raagini''
*''honala haadu''

===Musical dramas===
* ''Vasanta Chandana''
* ''Seeta Kalyana''
* ''Ahalye''
* ''Gokula Nirgamana''
* ''Shabari''
* ''Doniya Binada''
* ''Vikatakavi''
* ''Ramapatabisheka''
* ''Deepalakshmi''
* ''Harinabhisarana''

===Collection of stories===
* ''Ramachariya Nenapu''
* ''Rathasaptami and other stories''
* ''Sri Rama Pattabhiskekham''
* ''Hamsa Damayanti''
* ''Eechalu marad kelage''

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==

*{{cite book |author=K. M. George|title= Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems|orig-year=1992|year= 1992|publisher= Sahitya Akademi|isbn= 978-81-7201-324-0}}
*{{cite book |author=P. T. Narasimhachar|title=Hill Temple|orig-year=2001|year= 2001|publisher= Sahitya Akademi|isbn= 978-81-260-0814-8}}
*{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. 2|author=Amaresh Datta|year=1988|pages=1142|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|isbn=81-260-1194-7}}
*{{cite book|title = A History of Indian Literature| author = Sisir Kumar Das, various | publisher = Sahitya Akademi | year = 1995 | isbn = 81-7201-798-7}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X8jw30edUn0 Documentary] by Chadrashekhar Kambar

== See also ==
[[Kuvempu]]

[[D. R. Bendre|Da Ra Bendre]]

==External links==
*[http://thatskannada.indiainfo.com/sahitya/nri1/putina1.html An essay of PuTiNa's poetry]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://www.sooryadance.com/html/call_of_flute/call_of_flute.htm A dance production based on PuTiNa's poetry]
*ಪು.ತಿ.ನ ವಿರಚಿತ "ಹರಿಣಾಭಿಸರಣ"- ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ ಶೈಲಿಯಲ್ಲಿ [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZEOnQ5ImWbY]
{{SahityaAkademiFellowship}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Narasimhachar, P. T.}}
[[Category:Kannada poets]]
[[Category:People from Mandya district]]
[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Kannada]]
[[Category:Kannada dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Maharaja's College, Mysore alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Karnataka]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

2024–25 Hockey India League

2026-01-25T05:54:34Z

IolaWatriama22: creating basic info basic info

{{Short description|Held from December 2024 to February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox field hockey league season
|name = Men's Hockey India League
|image =
|pixels =
|caption =
|fromdate = {{start date|df=yes|2024|12|28}}
|todate = {{end date|df=yes|2025|02|01}}
|administrator = [[Hockey India]]
|tformat = [[Round-robin tournament|Double round-robin]] [[Single-elimination tournament|Knock-out]]
|host = {{IND}}
|venues = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]] [[Jaipal Singh Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
|teams = [[#Men's league|8]]
|champion = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
|second = [[Hyderabad Toofans]]
|third = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
|count = 1
|matches = 44
|goals = 199
|potourn = [[Sukhjeet Singh]]
|topscorer = [[Jugraj Singh (field hockey, born 1996)|Jugraj Singh]] (12 goals)
|attendance = 21,800 for the final<ref>https://sambadenglish.com/birsa-munda-stadium-is-worlds-largest-hockey-stadium-fih-president/</ref>
|prevseason = [[2017 Hockey India League|2017]]
|nextseason = [[2025–26 Hockey India League|2026]]
}}
{{Infobox field hockey league season
|name = Women's Hockey India League
|image =
|pixels =
|caption =
|fromdate = {{start date|df=yes|2025|1|12}}
|todate = {{end date|df=yes|2025|1|26}}
|administrator = [[Hockey India]]
|tformat = [[Round-robin tournament|Double round-robin]] [[Single-elimination tournament|Knock-out]]
|host = {{IND}}
|venues = [[Jaipal Singh Stadium]], [[Ranchi]] [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium|Birsa Munda Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
|teams = [[#Women's league|4]]
|champion = [[Odisha Warriors]]
|second = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
|third = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
|count = 1
|runners-up =
|matches = 13
|goals = 41
|potourn = [[Jyoti Rumavat]]
|topscorer = [[Charlotte Englebert]] [[Yibbi Jansen]] (5 goals)
|attendance = 5,000 for the final<ref>https://www.hockeyjharkhand.com/hockey-ground/</ref>
|prevseason =
|nextseason = [[2025–26 Hockey India League|2025–26]]
}}
The '''2024–25 Hockey India League''' was the sixth season of the annual [[Hockey India League]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengal Tigers crowned HIL champions, win battle of dragflicks against Hyderabad Toofans |url=https://www.espn.in/field-hockey/story/_/id/43647150/shrachi-rarh-bengal-tigers-vs-hyderbad-toofans-hil-final-live-hockey-india-league|access-date=2025-02-02 |website=ESPN|date=February 2025 |language=en}}</ref> It was held from 28 December 2024 to 1 February 2025.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-03-31 |title=HIL Men's and Women's League set to begin in January 2025, says Bhola Nath Singh |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/hil-mens-womens-league-to-begin-in-january-2025-hockey-annual-awards-function/article68012133.ece |access-date=2024-03-31 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> The women's league was won by [[Odisha Warriors]] while [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]] won the men's league.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dey |first=Santadeep |date=2025-01-26 |title=Odisha Warriors wins first-ever Women's Hockey India League title |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/odisha-warriors-beats-soorma-club-final-womens-hockey-india-league-2025-hil-score-goals-report-details/article69143498.ece/ |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Format ==
Eight teams for the men's tournament and four teams for the women's tournament are placed in a group to play round-robin matches. The top four teams qualify for the knockout stage.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 January 2017 |title=Coal India HIL format is very exciting: Gonzalo Peillat |work=Hockey India League |publisher=League.hockeyindia.org |url=http://league.hockeyindia.org/news/coal-india-hil-format-is-very-exciting-gonzalo-peillat/ |accessdate=24 April 2017}}</ref> Playing eleven, teams had to have a minimum of two and a maximum of five foreign players.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sen |first1=Debayan |date=21 January 2017 |title=Hockey India League 2017: Everything you need to know |work=ESPN |publisher=Espn.in |url=http://www.espn.in/field-hockey/story/_/id/18516528/hockey-india-league-2017-team-team-guide-preview |accessdate=24 April 2017}}</ref>

==Owners==
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Franchise
!Location
!Owners
!Men's
!Women's
|-
|[[Delhi SG Pipers]]
|[[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]]
|SG Sports
|{{ya}}
|{{ya}}
|-
|[[Hyderabad Toofans]]
|[[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]]
|Resolute Sports
|{{ya}}
|{{na}}
|-
|[[Kalinga Lancers]]
|[[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]]
|[[Vedanta Limited]]
|{{ya}}
|{{na}}
|-
|[[Odisha Warriors]]
|[[Rourkela]], [[Odisha]]
|Navoyam Sports Ventures
|{{na}}
|{{ya}}
|-
|[[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
|[[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]
|Shrachi Sports
|{{ya}}
|{{ya}}
|-
|[[Soorma Hockey Club]]
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]] [[Haryana]]
|[[JSW Group]]
|{{ya}}
|{{ya}}
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu Dragons]]
|[[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
|Charles Group
|{{ya}}
|{{na}}
|-
|[[Team Gonasika]]
|[[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|Tarini Prasad Mohanty
|{{ya}}
|{{na}}
|-
|[[UP Rudras]]
|[[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[J. K. Organisation|JK Group]]
|{{ya}}
|{{na}}
|-
!colspan=3|Total
!8
!4
|}

==Venues==
The matches were held across two cities, [[Ranchi]] and [[Rourkela]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New season of HIL announced |url=https://hockeyindia.org/news/hockey-india-league-holds-the-power-to-transform-indian-hockey-landscape-says-salima-tete |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=hockeyindia.org}}</ref> While women's games were hosted at the [[Jaipal Singh Stadium]] in Ranchi, the men's games were held at the [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]] in Rourkela.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-12 |title=Hockey India League player auction: All you need to know |url=https://www.espn.in/field-hockey/story/_/id/41747927/hockey-india-league-player-auctions-registered-players-prize-cap-teams-all-need-know |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="float:left; text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! colspan="2"| Venues of the 2024–25 Hockey India League
|-
| style="background:#ececec;color:#2C2C2C;vertical-align:middle;text-align: center;" colspan="2" |{{Location map+|India3|float=centre|width=370|caption=|places=
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=23|lat_min=35|lon_deg=85|lon_min=33|position=left|background=|label=[[Ranchi]]}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=22|lat_min=12|lon_deg=84|lon_min=54|position=Left|background=|label=[[Rourkela]]}}
}}
|-
![[Rourkela]]
![[Ranchi]]
|-
|[[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]]
|[[Jaipal Singh Stadium]]
|-
|Capacity: '''21,800'''
|Capacity: '''5,000'''
|}
{{clear}}

==Men's HIL==
===Standings===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WL OT
|section=Men's league
|update=complete
|show_matches=no|teamwidth=200
|source=[https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/competitions/180/pools Hockey India]
|OTwin_header=<abbr title="Won after shoot-out (2 pts)">SOW</abbr>
|OTloss_header=<abbr title="Lost after shoot-out (1 pts)">SOL</abbr>


|team_order=RBT, SHC, HT, TND, UPR, KL, TG, DSGP
|result1=SF |result2=SF |result3=SF |result4=SF


|win_DSGP=0 |OTwin_DSGP=1 |OTloss_DSGP=3 |loss_DSGP=6 |gf_DSGP=18|ga_DSGP=30
|win_HT=4 |OTwin_HT=2 |OTloss_HT=2 |loss_HT=2 |gf_HT=26 |ga_HT=16
|win_KL=3 |OTwin_KL=1 |OTloss_KL=1 |loss_KL=5 |gf_KL=31 |ga_KL=31
|win_RBT=6 |OTwin_RBT=0 |OTloss_RBT=1 |loss_RBT=3 |gf_RBT=24 |ga_RBT=22 |status_RBT=C
|win_SHC=4 |OTwin_SHC=3 |OTloss_SHC=1 |loss_SHC=2 |gf_SHC=19 |ga_SHC=18
|win_TND=4 |OTwin_TND=2 |OTloss_TND=2 |loss_TND=2 |gf_TND=22 |ga_TND=23
|win_TG=3 |OTwin_TG=1 |OTloss_TG=1 |loss_TG=5 |gf_TG=21 |ga_TG=22
|win_UPR=5 |OTwin_UPR=1 |OTloss_UPR=0 |loss_UPR=4 |gf_UPR=18 |ga_UPR=17

|name_DSGP=[[Delhi SG Pipers]]
|name_HT=[[Hyderabad Toofans]]
|name_KL=[[Kalinga Lancers]]
|name_RBT=[[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
|name_SHC=[[Soorma Hockey Club]]
|name_TND=[[Tamil Nadu Dragons]]
|name_TG=[[Team Gonasika]]
|name_UPR=[[UP Rudras]]

|col_SF=green1 |text_SF=Qualified to [[2024–25 Hockey India League#Men's Knockouts|knockouts]]



|class_rules=1) Points: Win (3) Draw (1) [[Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)|Shoot-out win]] (1); 2) matches won; 3) goal difference; 4) goals scored; 5) head-to-head points, goal difference & goals scored; 6) shoot‐out competition
}}

===League stage===
====Phase 1====
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 28 December 2024
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Team Gonasika]]
| score = 2–2
| team2 = [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5558 Report]
| goals1 = [[Struan Walker|Walker]] {{fhgoal|FG|26}} [[Victor Charlet|Charlet]] {{fhgoal|PC|35}}
| goals2 = [[Tomas Domene|Domene]] {{fhgoal|PC|5|FG|39}}
| penalties1 = [[Struan Walker|Walker]] {{fhps|m}} [[Manpreet Singh (field hockey)|Manpreet]] {{fhps|m}} [[Lee Morton|Morton]] {{fhps|g}} [[Timothée Clément|Clément]] {{fhps|g}}
| penaltyscore = 2–4
| penalties2 = {{fhps|g}} [[Jacob Whetton|Whetton]] {{fhps|g}} [[Tomas Domene|Domene]] {{fhps|m}} [[Ky Willott|Willott]] {{fhps|g}} [[Sourabh Kushwaha|Kushwaha]] {{fhps|g}} [[Raj Kumar Pal|Raj Kumar]]
| umpires = Raghu Prasad (IND) James Unkles (AUS)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 29 December 2024
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Hyderabad Toofans]]
| score = 2–3
| team2 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5559 Report]
| goals1 = [[Tim Brand|Brand]] {{fhgoal|FG|41}} [[Arthur De Sloover|De Sloover]] {{fhgoal|PC|59}}
| goals2 = [[Jugraj Singh (field hockey, born 1996)|Jugraj]] {{fhgoal|PC|9}} [[Sukhjeet Singh|Sukhjeet]] {{fhgoal|FG|20}} [[Affan Yousuf|Yousuf]] {{fhgoal|FG|36}}
| umpires = Coen van Bunge (NED) Sourabh Rajput (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 29 December 2024
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| score = 1–1
| team2 = [[Tamil Nadu Dragons]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5560 Report]
| goals1 = [[Gurjant Singh|Gurjant]] {{fhgoal|PC|54}}
| goals2 = [[Nathan Ephraums|Ephraums]] {{fhgoal|PC|49}}
| penalties1 = [[Harmanpreet Singh|Harmanpreet]] {{fhps|g}} [[Victor Wegnez|Wegnez]] {{fhps|g}} [[Vivek Prasad|Prasad]] {{fhps|g}} [[Nicolás Keenan|Keenan]] {{fhps|g}}
| penaltyscore = 4–1
| penalties2 = {{fhps|m}} [[Tom Craig (field hockey)|Craig]] {{fhps|g}} [[Moritz Ludwig|Ludwig]] {{fhps|m}} [[Tom Sorsby|Sorsby]]
| umpires = Deepak Joshi (IND) You Hyosik (KOR)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 30 December 2024
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[UP Rudras]]
| score = 3–1
| team2 = [[Kalinga Lancers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5561 Report]
| goals1 = [[Kane Russell|Russell]] {{fhgoal|PC|45}} {{fhgoal|PC|60}} [[Sudeep Chirmako|Chirmako]] {{fhgoal|FG|50}}
| goals2 = [[Enrique González (field hockey)|González]] {{fhgoal|FG|13}}
| umpires = James Unkles (AUS) Anand Dangi (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 31 December 2024
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
| score = 2–2
| team2 = [[Hyderabad Toofans]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5562 Report]
| goals1 = [[Dilraj Singh|Dilraj]] {{fhgoal|FG|21}} [[Gareth Furlong|Furlong]] {{fhgoal|PC|50}}
| goals2 = [[Amandeep Lakra|Amandeep]] {{fhgoal|PC|11}} [[Gonzalo Peillat|Peillat]] {{fhgoal|PC|13}}
| penalties1 = [[Jacob Whetton|Whetton]] {{fhps|g}} [[Tomas Domene|Domene]] {{fhps|g}} [[Koji Yamasaki (field hockey)|Yamasaki]] {{fhps|g}} [[Tomas Domene|Domene]] {{fhps|g}} [[Raj Kumar Pal|Raj Kumar]] {{fhps|m}} [[Koji Yamasaki (field hockey)|Yamasaki]] {{fhps|m}}
| penaltyscore = 4–5
| penalties2 = {{fhps|g}} [[Zachary Wallace|Wallace]] {{fhps|g}} [[Talwinder Singh|Talwinder]] {{fhps|g}} [[Maico Casella|Casella]] {{fhps|g}} [[Shilanand Lakra|Shilanand]] {{fhps|m}} [[Nilakanta Sharma|Sharma]] {{fhps|g}} [[Zachary Wallace|Wallace]]
| umpires = Napoleon Chanamthabam (IND) Coen van Bunge (NED)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 1 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| score = 2–1
| team2 = [[Team Gonasika]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5563 Report]
| goals1 = [[Rupinder Pal Singh|Rupinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|31|PS|48}}
| goals2 = [[Manpreet Singh (field hockey)|Manpreet]] {{fhgoal|FG|32}}
| umpires = Gurbaj Singh (IND) You Hyosik (KOR)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 2 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| score = 0–3
| team2 = [[UP Rudras]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5564 Report]
| goals1 =
| goals2 = [[Sudeep Chirmako|Chirmako]] {{fhgoal|FG|2}} [[Jobanpreet Singh|Jobanpreet]] {{fhgoal|FG|38}} [[Akashdeep Singh|Akashdeep]] {{fhgoal|FG|58}}
| umpires = Shakil Ahmad (IND) Raghu Prasad (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 3 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Tamil Nadu Dragons]]
| score = 2–2
| team2 = [[Kalinga Lancers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5565 Report]
| goals1 = [[Tom Craig (field hockey)|Craig]] {{fhgoal|FG|31}} [[Jip Janssen|Janssen]] {{fhgoal|PC|51}}
| goals2 = [[Alexander Hendrickx|Hendrickx]] {{fhgoal|PC|24}} {{fhgoal|PC|43}}
| penalties1 = [[Moritz Ludwig|Ludwig]] {{fhps|g}} [[Chandan Yadav|Chandan]] {{fhps|m}} [[Nathan Ephraums|Ephraums]] {{fhps|g}} [[Uttam Singh (field hockey)|Uttam]] {{fhps|g}} [[Blake Govers|Govers]] {{fhps|g}} [[Nathan Ephraums|Ephraums]] {{fhps|g}} [[Moritz Ludwig|Ludwig]] {{fhps|g}}
| penaltyscore = 6–5
| penalties2 = {{fhps|m}} [[Arthur Van Doren|Van Doren]] {{fhps|g}} [[Angad Bir Singh|Angad]] {{fhps|g}} [[Thierry Brinkman|Brinkman]] {{fhps|g}} [[Antoine Kina|Kina]] {{fhps|g}} [[Dilpreet Singh|Dilpreet]] {{fhps|g}} [[Thierry Brinkman|Brinkman]] {{fhps|m}} [[Dilpreet Singh|Dilpreet]]
| umpires = Coen van Bunge (NED) Anand Dangi (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 4 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
| score = 1–4
| team2 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5566 Report]
| goals1 = [[Gareth Furlong|Furlong]] {{fhgoal|PC|53}}
| goals2 = [[Sukhjeet Singh|Sukhjeet]] {{fhgoal|FG|1}} [[Jugraj Singh (field hockey, born 1996)|Jugraj]] {{fhgoal|PC|17}} {{fhgoal|PC|38}} [[Abhishek Nain|Abhishek]] {{fhgoal|FG|47}}
| umpires = Deepak Joshi (IND) James Unkles (AUS)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 4 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Hyderabad Toofans]]
| score = 1–3
| team2 = [[Team Gonasika]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5567 Report]
| goals1 = [[Tim Brand|Brand]] {{fhgoal|FG|12}}
| goals2 = [[S. V. Sunil|Sunil]] {{fhgoal|FG|2}} [[Victor Charlet|Charlet]] {{fhgoal|PC|33}} [[Nilam Xess|Nilam]] {{fhgoal|FG|60}}
| umpires = Sourabh Rajput (IND) Napoleon Chanamthabam (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 5 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Kalinga Lancers]]
| score = 3–4
| team2 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5568 Report]
| goals1 = [[Thierry Brinkman|Brinkman]] {{fhgoal|FG|5}} [[Sanjay Rana|Sanjay]] {{fhgoal|PC|15}} [[Gursahibjit Singh|Gursahibjit]] {{fhgoal|FG|50}}
| goals2 = [[Jeremy Hayward|Hayward]] {{fhgoal|PC|11}} [[Nicolás Della Torre|Torre]] {{fhgoal|PC|35}} [[Harmanpreet Singh|Harmanpreet]] {{fhgoal|PC|49}} [[Harish Mutagar|Harish]] {{fhgoal|FG|52}}
| umpires = Shakil Ahmad (IND) Coen van Bunge (NED)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 5 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Tamil Nadu Dragons]]
| score = 2–0
| team2 = [[UP Rudras]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5569 Report]
| goals1 = [[Abharan Sudev|Abharan]] {{fhgoal|FG|48}} [[Tom Sorsby|Sorsby]] {{fhgoal|FG|60}}
| goals2 =
| umpires = Gurbaj Singh (IND) Raghu Prasad (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 6 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| score = 2–2
| team2 = [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5570 Report]
| goals1 = [[Harmanpreet Singh|Harmanpreet]] {{fhgoal|PC|48|PC|57}}
| goals2 = [[Tomas Domene|Domene]] {{fhgoal|FG|43}} [[Manjeet Rathee|Manjeet]] {{fhgoal|FG|45}}
| penalties1 = [[Sunit Lakra|Sunit]] {{fhps|m}} [[Phil Roper|Roper]] {{fhps|m}} [[Vivek Prasad|Vivek]] {{fhps|g}} [[Nicolás Keenan|Keenan]] {{fhps|g}} [[Boris Burkhardt|Burkhardt]] {{fhps|g}}
| penaltyscore = 3–1
| penalties2 = {{fhps|m}} [[Jacob Whetton|Whetton]] {{fhps|m}} [[Tomas Domene|Domene]] {{fhps|g}} [[Aditya Lalage|Lalage]] {{fhps|m}} [[Sourabh Kushwaha|Kushwaha]]
| umpires = You Hyosik (KOR) Anand Dangi (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 7 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Kalinga Lancers]]
| score = 6–0
| team2 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5571 Report]
| goals1 = [[Thierry Brinkman|Brinkman]] {{fhgoal|FG|3|FG|29|FG|47}} [[Sanjay Rana|Sanjay]] {{fhgoal|PC|4}} [[Alexander Hendrickx|Hendrickx]] {{fhgoal|PC|6}} [[Boby Singh Dhami|Dhami]] {{fhgoal|FG|49}}
| goals2 =
| umpires = Deepak Joshi (IND) Sourabh Rajput (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 8 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Team Gonasika]]
| score = 5–6
| team2 = [[Tamil Nadu Dragons]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5572 Report]
| goals1 = [[Araijeet Singh Hundal|Araijeet]] {{fhgoal|FG|5|FG|7}} [[Nikkin Thimmaiah|Nikkin]] {{fhgoal|FG|39}} [[Struan Walker|Walker]] {{fhgoal|PC|43}} [[Timothée Clément|Clément]] {{fhgoal|FG|58}}
| goals2 = [[Abharan Sudev|Abharan]] {{fhgoal|PC|15}} [[Jip Janssen|Janssen]] {{fhgoal|PC|19|PC|33|PC|50}} [[Nathan Ephraums|Ephraums]] {{fhgoal|FG|55}} [[Karthi Selvam|Karthi]] {{fhgoal|FG|59}}
| umpires = Raghu Prasad (IND) You Hyosik (KOR)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 8 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[UP Rudras]]
| score = 0–3
| team2 = [[Hyderabad Toofans]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5573 Report]
| goals1 =
| goals2 = [[Zachary Wallace|Wallace]] {{fhgoal|FG|6}} [[Rajinder Singh (field hockey, born 2002)|Rajinder]] {{fhgoal|FG|14}} [[Shilanand Lakra|Shilanand]] {{fhgoal|FG|32}}
| umpires = James Unkles (AUS) Coen van Bunge (NED)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 9 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Kalinga Lancers]]
| score = 2–1
| team2 = [[Team Gonasika]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5574 Report]
| goals1 = [[Antoine Kina|Kina]] {{fhgoal|FG|28}} [[Aran Zalewski|Zalewski]] {{fhgoal|FG|33}}
| goals2 = [[S. V. Sunil|Sunil]] {{fhgoal|FG|14}}
| umpires = Gurbaj Singh (IND) Coen van Bunge (NED)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 10 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| score = 1–2
| team2 = [[Tamil Nadu Dragons]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5575 Report]
| goals1 = [[Rupinder Pal Singh|Rupinder]] {{fhgoal|PS|35}}
| goals2 = [[Karthi Selvam|Karthi]] {{fhgoal|FG|16}} [[Uttam Singh (field hockey)|Uttam]] {{fhgoal|FG|37}}
| umpires = James Unkles (AUS) Shakil Ahmad (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 11 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Hyderabad Toofans]]
| score = 1–1
| team2 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5577 Report]
| goals1 = [[Amandeep Lakra|Amandeep]] {{fhgoal|PC|40}}
| goals2 = [[Nicolás Della Torre|Torre]] {{fhgoal|PC|8}}
| penalties1 = [[Maico Casella|Casella]] {{fhps|m}} [[Talwinder Singh|Talwinder]] {{fhps|m}} [[Zachary Wallace|Wallace]] {{fhps|g}} [[Arshdeep Singh (field hockey)|Arshdeep]] {{fhps|g}} [[Tim Brand|Brand]] {{fhps|g}} [[Zachary Wallace|Wallace]] {{fhps|g}}
| penaltyscore = 4–3
| penalties2 = {{fhps|m}} [[Vivek Prasad|Vivek]] {{fhps|g}} [[Nicolas Poncelet|Poncelet]] {{fhps|g}} [[Gurjant Singh|Gurjant]] {{fhps|m}} [[Nicolás Keenan|Keenan]] {{fhps|g}} [[Boris Burkhardt|Burkhardt]] {{fhps|m}} [[Nicolas Poncelet|Poncelet]]
| umpires = Deepak Joshi (IND) Anand Dangi (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 11 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
| score = 1–3
| team2 = [[UP Rudras]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5576 Report]
| goals1 = [[Jacob Whetton|Whetton]] {{fhgoal|FG|29}}
| goals2 = [[Floris Wortelboer|Wortelboer]] {{fhgoal|FG|30}} [[Kane Russell|Russell]] {{fhgoal|PC|43}} [[Tanguy Cosyns|Cosyns]] {{fhgoal|PC|54}}
| umpires = Raghu Prasad (IND) Napoleon Chanamthabam (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 12 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Kalinga Lancers]]
| score = 1–5
| team2 = [[Hyderabad Toofans]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5578 Report]
| goals1 = [[Alexander Hendrickx|Hendrickx]] {{fhgoal|PC|5}}
| goals2 = [[Gonzalo Peillat|Peillat]] {{fhgoal|PC|6|PC|30}} [[Maico Casella|Casella]] {{fhgoal|FG|21}} [[Tim Brand|Brand]] {{fhgoal|FG|47}} [[Arshdeep Singh (field hockey)|Arshdeep]] {{fhgoal|FG|54}}
| umpires = You Hyosik (KOR) Sourabh Rajput (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 13 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Tamil Nadu Dragons]]
| score = 3–2
| team2 = [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5579 Report]
| goals1 = [[Jip Janssen|Janssen]] {{fhgoal|PC|6}} [[Nathan Ephraums|Ephraums]] {{fhgoal|FG|19}} [[Blake Govers|Govers]] {{fhgoal|FG|21}}
| goals2 = [[Tomas Domene|Domene]] {{fhgoal|PC|2|PS|37}}
| umpires = Coen van Bunge (NED) Raghu Prasad (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 14 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Team Gonasika]]
| score = 2–1
| team2 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5580 Report]
| goals1 = [[Nilam Xess|Nilam]] {{fhgoal|FG|33}} [[Lee Morton|Morton]] {{fhgoal|FG|59}}
| goals2 = [[Pawan Rajbhar|Pawan]] {{fhgoal|FG|48}}
| umpires = James Unkles (AUS) Sourabh Rajput (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 15 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[UP Rudras]]
| score = 3–5
| team2 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5581 Report]
| goals1 = [[Hardik Singh|Hardik]] {{fhgoal|PS|47}} [[Samuel Ward (field hockey)|Ward]] {{fhgoal|PC|51|PC|59}}
| goals2 = [[Gauthier Boccard|Boccard]] {{fhgoal|FG|8}} [[Jugraj Singh (field hockey, born 1996)|Jugraj]] {{fhgoal|PC|10|PC|33}} [[Sukhjeet Singh|Sukhjeet]] {{fhgoal|FG|14}} [[Abhishek Nain|Nain]] {{fhgoal|FG|46}}
| umpires = Gurbaj Singh (IND) You Hyosik (KOR)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 16 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
| score = 1–5
| team2 = [[Kalinga Lancers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5582 Report]
| goals1 = [[Corey Weyer|Weyer]] {{fhgoal|FG|56}}
| goals2 = [[Nick Bandurak|Bandurak]] {{fhgoal|FG|11}} [[Arthur Van Doren|Van Doren]] {{fhgoal|PC|36}} [[Thierry Brinkman|Brinkman]] {{fhgoal|FG|38|FG|43}} [[Gursahibjit Singh|Gursahibjit]] {{fhgoal|FG|45}}
| umpires = Anand Dangi (IND) James Unkles (AUS)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 18 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Hyderabad Toofans]]
| score = 4–0
| team2 = [[Tamil Nadu Dragons]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5584 Report]
| goals1 = [[Gonzalo Peillat|Peillat]] {{fhgoal|PC|21|PC|48}} [[Arthur De Sloover|De Sloover]] {{fhgoal|PC|31}} [[Tim Brand|Brand]] {{fhgoal|FG|33}}
| goals2 =
| umpires = You Hyosik (KOR) Anand Dangi (IND)
| stadium = [[Jaipal Singh Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
}}
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 18 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Team Gonasika]]
| score = 0–1
| team2 = [[UP Rudras]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5585 Report]
| goals1 =
| goals2 = [[Hardik Singh|Hardik]] {{fhgoal|PS|15}}
| umpires = James Unkles (AUS) Sourabh Rajput (IND)
| stadium = [[Jaipal Singh Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 29 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| score = 1–1
| team2 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5583 Report]
| goals1 = [[Gurjant Singh|Gurjant]] {{fhgoal|FG|10}}
| goals2 = [[Jugraj Singh (field hockey, born 1996)|Jugraj]] {{fhgoal|PC|56}}
| penalties1 = [[Harmanpreet Singh|Harmanpreet]] {{fhps|g}} [[Vivek Prasad|Vivek]] {{fhps|g}} [[Victor Wegnez|Wegnez]] {{fhps|g}}
| penaltyscore = 3–0
| penalties2 = {{fhps|m}} [[Gursewak Singh (field hockey)|Gursewak]] {{fhps|m}} [[Tim Cross (field hockey)|Cross]] {{fhps|m}} [[Sandhu Singh|Sandhu]]
| umpires = James Unkles (AUS) Raghu Prasad (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}

====Phase 2====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
;'''Pool A'''
* [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
* [[Kalinga Lancers]]
* [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
* [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
{{col-2}}
;'''Pool B'''
* [[Hyderabad Toofans]]
* [[Tamil Nadu Dragons]]
* [[Team Gonasika]]
* [[UP Rudras]]
{{col-end}}

====Matches====
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 19 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Kalinga Lancers]]
| score = 5–5
| team2 = [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5586 Report]
| goals1 = [[Alexander Hendrickx|Hendrickx]] {{fhgoal|PC|13|PC|52}} [[Thierry Brinkman|Brinkman]] {{fhgoal|FG|35|FG|47}} [[Angad Bir Singh|Angad]] {{fhgoal|FG|49}}
| goals2 = [[Tomas Domene|Domene]] {{fhgoal|PC|18|PC|20}} [[Corey Weyer|Weyer]] {{fhgoal|PC|21}} [[Koji Yamasaki (field hockey)|Yamasaki]] {{fhgoal|PC|23}} [[Dilraj Singh|Dilraj]] {{fhgoal|FG|37}}
| penalties1 = [[Arthur Van Doren|Van Doren]] {{fhps|g}} [[Angad Bir Singh|Angad]] {{fhps|m}} [[Thierry Brinkman|Brinkman]] {{fhps|m}} [[Antoine Kina|Kina]] {{fhps|g}} [[Alexander Hendrickx|Hendrickx]] {{fhps|g}}
| penaltyscore = 3–2
| penalties2 = {{fhps|g}} [[Koji Yamasaki (field hockey)|Yamasaki]] {{fhps|m}} [[Tomas Domene|Domene]] {{fhps|g}} [[Aditya Lalage|Lalage]] {{fhps|m}} [[Sourabh Kushwaha|Kushwaha]] {{fhps|m}} [[Raj Kumar Pal|Raj Kumar]]
| umpires = Balaji Kumar (IND) Raghu Prasad (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 20 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| score = 1–2
| team2 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5587 Report]
| goals1 = [[Jugraj Singh|Jugraj]] {{fhgoal|PC|38}}
| goals2 = [[Prabhjot Singh (field hockey, born 2001)|Prabhjot]] {{fhgoal|FG|21}} [[Maninder Singh (field hockey)|Maninder]] {{fhgoal|PC|28}}
| umpires = Coen van Bunge (NED) James Unkles (AUS)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 21 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[UP Rudras]]
| score = 2–0
| team2 = [[Team Gonasika]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5588 Report]
| goals1 = [[Tanguy Cosyns|Cosyns]] {{fhgoal|PC|37}} [[Kane Russell|Russell]] {{fhgoal|PC|40}}
| goals2 =
| umpires = James Unkles (AUS) Balaji Kumar (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 22 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
| score = 1–2
| team2 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5589 Report]
| goals1 = [[Corey Weyer|Weyer]] {{fhgoal|FG|59}}
| goals2 = [[Harjeet Singh|Harjeet]] {{fhgoal|FG|9}} [[Gurjant Singh|Gurjant]] {{fhgoal|FG|17}}
| umpires = Coen van Bunge (NED) Sourabh Rajput (IND)
| stadium = [[Jaipal Singh Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 23 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Tamil Nadu Dragons]]
| score = 2–2
| team2 = [[Hyderabad Toofans]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5590 Report]
| goals1 = [[Blake Govers|Govers]] {{fhgoal|FG|4}} [[Jip Janssen|Janssen]] {{fhgoal|PC|37}}
| goals2 = [[Tim Brand|Brand]] {{fhgoal|FG|3}} [[Maico Casella|Casella]] {{fhgoal|PC|59}}
| penalties1 = [[Moritz Ludwig|Ludwig]] {{fhps|g}} [[Uttam Singh (field hockey)|Uttam]] {{fhps|g}} [[Blake Govers|Govers]] {{fhps|m}} [[Mohammed Raheel Mouseen|Raheel]] {{fhps|m}} [[Nathan Ephraums|Ephraums]] {{fhps|g}} [[Moritz Ludwig|Ludwig]] {{fhps|m}} [[Nathan Ephraums|Ephraums]] {{fhps|g}}
| penaltyscore = 4–3
| penalties2 = {{fhps|m}} [[Shilanand Lakra|Shilanand]] {{fhps|g}} [[Zachary Wallace|Wallace]] {{fhps|g}} [[Maico Casella|Casella]] {{fhps|m}} [[Arshdeep Singh (field hockey)|Arshdeep]] {{fhps|g}} [[Tim Brand|Brand]] {{fhps|m}} [[Maico Casella|Casella]] {{fhps|m}} [[Zachary Wallace|Wallace]]
| umpires = Deepak Joshi (IND) You Hyosik (KOR)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 24 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| score = 5–3
| team2 = [[Kalinga Lancers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5591 Report]
| goals1 = [[Jugraj Singh (field hockey, born 1996)|Jugraj]] {{fhgoal|PC|10|PC|27}} [[Rupinder Pal Singh|Rupinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|16}} [[Abhishek Nain|Abhishek]] {{fhgoal|FG|30}} [[Pardeep Singh Sandhu|Pardeep]] {{fhgoal|FG|40}}
| goals2 = [[Angad Bir Singh|Angad]] {{fhgoal|PC|5}} [[Thierry Brinkman|Brinkman]] {{fhgoal|FG|11}} [[Alexander Hendrickx|Hendrickx]] {{fhgoal|PC|33}}
| umpires = Coen van Bunge (NED) Raghu Prasad (IND)
| stadium = [[Jaipal Singh Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 25 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Tamil Nadu Dragons]]
| score = 2–4
| team2 = [[Team Gonasika]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5592 Report]
| goals1 = [[Amit Rohidas|Amit]] {{fhgoal|PC|8}} [[Tom Craig (field hockey)|Craig]] {{fhgoal|FG|56}}
| goals2 = [[Araijeet Singh Hundal|Hundal]] {{fhgoal|FG|14}} [[Jack Waller (field hockey)|Waller]] {{fhgoal|PC|45}} [[Tim Howard (field hockey)|Howard]] {{fhgoal|FG|50}} [[Nikkin Thimmaiah|Nikkin]] {{fhgoal|FG|51}}
| umpires = Sourabh Rajput (IND) Raghu Prasad (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 25 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Hyderabad Toofans]]
| score = 3–1
| team2 = [[UP Rudras]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5593 Report]
| goals1 = [[Gonzalo Peillat|Peillat]] {{fhgoal|PC|25}} [[Arshdeep Singh (field hockey)|Arshdeep]] {{fhgoal|FG|28|FG|60}}
| goals2 = [[Jobanpreet Singh (field hockey)|Jobanpreet]] {{fhgoal|PC|40}}
| umpires = Coen van Bunge (NED) James Unkles (AUS)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 27 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| score = 2–1
| team2 = [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5594 Report]
| goals1 = [[Rupinder Pal Singh|Rupinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|55}} [[Sébastien Dockier|Dockier]] {{fhgoal|FG|59}}
| goals2 = [[Tomás Domene|Domene]] {{fhgoal|FG|27}}
| umpires = Anand Dangi (IND) Raghu Prasad (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 27 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| score = 5–3
| team2 = [[Kalinga Lancers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5595 Report]
| goals1 = [[Prabhjot Singh (field hockey, born 2001)|Prabhjot]] {{fhgoal|FG|26}} [[Harmanpreet Singh|Harmanpreet]] {{fhgoal|PC|32|PC|54}} [[Nicolás Keenan|Keenan]] {{fhgoal|FG|33}} [[Maninder Singh (field hockey)|Maninder]] {{fhgoal|FG|51}}
| goals2 = [[Dilpreet Singh|Dilpreet]] {{fhgoal|FG|5}} [[Thierry Brinkman|Brinkman]] {{fhgoal|FG|44}} [[Gursahibjit Singh|Gursahibjit]] {{fhgoal|FG|56}}
| umpires = You Hyosik (KOR) Sourabh Rajput (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 28 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Team Gonasika]]
| score = 3–3
| team2 = [[Hyderabad Toofans]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5596 Report]
| goals1 = [[Victor Charlet|Charlet]] {{fhgoal|PS|12|PC|55}} [[Araijeet Singh Hundal|Hundal]] {{fhgoal|PS|24}}
| goals2 = [[Jacob Anderson (field hockey)|Anderson]] {{fhgoal|FG|1}} [[Tim Brand|Brand]] {{fhgoal|FG|6}} [[Amandeep Lakra|Amandeep]] {{fhgoal|PC|25}}
| penalties1 = [[Araijeet Singh Hundal|Hundal]] {{fhps|m}} [[Timothée Clément|Clément]] {{fhps|g}} [[Lee Morton|Morton]] {{fhps|g}} [[Jack Waller (field hockey)|Waller]] {{fhps|g}}
| penaltyscore = 3–1
| penalties2 = {{fhps|g}} [[Devindar Walmiki|Devindar]] {{fhps|m}} [[Sumit Walmiki|Sumit]] {{fhps|m}} [[Jacob Anderson (field hockey)|Anderson]] {{fhps|m}} [[Rajinder Singh (field hockey, born 2002)|Rajinder]]
| umpires = Gurbaj Singh (IND) Sourabh Rajput (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 29 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[UP Rudras]]
| score = 2–2
| team2 = [[Tamil Nadu Dragons]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5597 Report]
| goals1 = [[Sudeep Chirmako|Sudeep]] {{fhgoal|FG|8}} [[Lalit Upadhyay|Lalit]] {{fhgoal|PC|15}}
| goals2 = [[Jip Janssen|Janssen]] {{fhgoal|PC|32}} [[Thomas Sorsby|Sorsby]] {{fhgoal|PC|53}}
| penalties1 = [[James Albery|Albery]] {{fhps|m}} [[Gurjot Singh|Gurjot]] {{fhps|m}} [[Tanguy Cosyns|Cosyns]] {{fhps|g}} [[Floris Wortelboer|Wortelboer]] {{fhps|m}} [[Manmeet Singh|Manmeet]] {{fhps|g}} [[Manmeet Singh|Manmeet]] {{fhps|m}} [[Tanguy Cosyns|Cosyns]] {{fhps|g}}
| penaltyscore = 3–2
| penalties2 = {{fhps|m}} [[Anand Lakra|Anand]] {{fhps|g}} [[Chandan Yadav|Chandan]] {{fhps|m}} [[Pruthvi G.M.|Pruthvi]] {{fhps|g}} [[Ganesh Majji|Ganesh]] {{fhps|m}} [[Arun J.|Arun]] {{fhps|m}} [[Ganesh Majji|Ganesh]] {{fhps|m}} [[Arun J.|Arun]]
| umpires = Coen van Bunge (NED) You Hyosik (KOR)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}

===Knockouts===
{{Round4-with third


|31 January – [[Rourkela]]
|'''[[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]'''
|'''{{nobr|2 (6)}}'''
|[[Tamil Nadu Dragons]]
|2 (5)
|31 January – [[Rourkela]]
|{{nobr|[[Soorma Hockey Club]]}}
|1
|'''[[Hyderabad Toofans]]'''
|'''3'''

|1 February – [[Rourkela]]
|'''[[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]'''
|'''4'''
|[[Hyderabad Toofans]]
|3

|1 February – [[Rourkela]]
|[[Tamil Nadu Dragons]]
|2
|'''{{nobr|[[Soorma Hockey Club]]}}'''
|'''3'''
}}

====Semi-finals====
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 31 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| score = 2–2
| team2 = [[Tamil Nadu Dragons]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5598 Report]
| goals1 = [[Pardeep Singh Sandhu|Pardeep]] {{fhgoal|FG|30}} [[Sam Lane (field hockey)|Lane]] {{fhgoal|FG|53}}
| goals2 = [[Nathan Ephraums|Ephraums]] {{fhgoal|FG|18}} [[Selvam Karthi|Karthi]] {{fhgoal|FG|32}}
| penalties1 = [[Florent van Aubel|Van Aubel]] {{fhps|m}} [[Sukhjeet Singh|Sukhjeet]] {{fhps|g}} [[Sean Findlay|Findlay]] {{fhps|g}} [[Abhishek Nain|Abhishek]] {{fhps|m}} [[Sébastien Dockier|Dockier]] {{fhps|m}} [[Sukhjeet Singh|Sukhjeet]] {{fhps|g}} [[Sean Findlay|Findlay]] {{fhps|g}} [[Florent van Aubel|Van Aubel]] {{fhps|g}} [[Abhishek Nain|Abhishek]] {{fhps|g}}
| penaltyscore = 6–5
| penalties2 = {{fhps|g}} [[Moritz Ludwig|Ludwig]] {{fhps|m}} [[Uttam Singh (field hockey)|Uttam]] {{fhps|g}} [[Blake Govers|Govers]] {{fhps|m}} [[Abharan Sudev|Abharan]] {{fhps|m}} [[Nathan Ephraums|Ephraums]] {{fhps|g}} [[Moritz Ludwig|Ludwig]] {{fhps|g}} [[Blake Govers|Govers]] {{fhps|g}} [[Nathan Ephraums|Ephraums]] {{fhps|m}} [[Uttam Singh (field hockey)|Uttam]]
| umpires = Raghu Prasad (IND) James Unkles (AUS)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 31 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| score = 1–3
| team2 = [[Hyderabad Toofans]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5599 Report]
| goals1 = [[Jeremy Hayward|Hayward]] {{fhgoal|PC|60}}
| goals2 = [[Amandeep Lakra|Amandeep]] {{fhgoal|PC|25}} [[Jacob Anderson (field hockey)|Anderson]] {{fhgoal|FG|25}} [[Nilakanta Sharma|Nilakanta]] {{fhgoal|FG|43}}
| umpires = Coen van Bunge (NED) You Hyosik (KOR)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}

====Third and fourth place====
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 1 February 2025
| time = {{UTZ|17:45|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Tamil Nadu Dragons]]
| score = 2–3
| team2 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5600 Report]
| goals1 = [[Blake Govers|Govers]] {{fhgoal|FG|15}} [[Jip Janssen|Janssen]] {{fhgoal|PC|59}}
| goals2 = [[Gurjant Singh|Gurjant]] {{fhgoal|FG|12}} [[Harjeet Singh|Harjeet]] {{fhgoal|FG|19}} [[Prabhjot Singh (field hockey, born 2001)|Prabhjot]] {{fhgoal|FG|57}}
| umpires = James Unkles (AUS) Sourabh Rajput (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}

====Final====
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 1 February 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| score = 4–3
| team2 = [[Hyderabad Toofans]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/matches/5601 Report]
| goals1 = [[Jugraj Singh (field hockey, born 1996)|Jugraj]] {{fhgoal|PC|25|PC|32|PC|35}} [[Sam Lane (field hockey)|Lane]] {{fhgoal|PC|54}}
| goals2 = [[Gonzalo Peillat|Peillat]] {{fhgoal|PC|9|PC|39}} [[Amandeep Lakra|Amandeep]] {{fhgoal|PC|26}}
| umpires = Coen van Bunge (NED) Raghu Prasad (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}

==Women's HIL==
===Standings===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WL OT
|section=Women's league
|show_matches=no|teamwidth=200
|update=complete
|source=[https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/competitions/181/pools Hockey India]
|OTwin_header=<abbr title="Won after shoot-out (2 pts)">SOW</abbr>
|OTloss_header=<abbr title="Lost after shoot-out (1 pts)">SOL</abbr>


|team_order=SHC, OW, RBT, DSGP
|result1=F |result2=F


|win_DSGP=1 |OTwin_DSGP=1 |OTloss_DSGP=0 |loss_DSGP=4 |gf_DSGP=4 |ga_DSGP=13
|win_OW=2 |OTwin_OW=2 |OTloss_OW=1 |loss_OW=1 |gf_OW=11|ga_OW=5 |status_OW=C
|win_RBT=2 |OTwin_RBT=0 |OTloss_RBT=1 |loss_RBT=3 |gf_RBT=8 |ga_RBT=13
|win_SHC=4 |OTwin_SHC=0 |OTloss_SHC=1 |loss_SHC=1 |gf_SHC=15|ga_SHC=7

|name_DSGP=[[Delhi SG Pipers]]
|name_OW=[[Odisha Warriors]]
|name_RBT=[[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
|name_SHC=[[Soorma Hockey Club]]

|col_F=green1 |text_F=Qualified to [[2024–25 Hockey India League#Women's Final|Final]]



|class_rules=1) Points: Win (3) Draw (1) [[Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)|Shoot-out win]] (1); 2) matches won; 3) goal difference; 4) goals scored; 5) head-to-head points, goal difference & goals scored; 6) shoot‐out competition
}}

===League stage===
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 12 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:40|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
| score = 0–4
| team2 = [[Odisha Warriors]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/index.php/matches/5602 Report]
| goals1 =
| goals2 = [[Yibbi Jansen|Jansen]] {{fhgoal|PC|16|PC|37}} [[Baljeet Kaur|Baljeet]] {{fhgoal|FG|42}} [[Freeke Moes|Moes]] {{fhgoal|FG|43}}
| umpires = Kelly Hudson (NZL) Durga Devi (IND)
| stadium = [[Jaipal Singh Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 13 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| score = 1–4
| team2 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/index.php/matches/5603 Report]
| goals1 = [[Hannah Cotter|Cotter]] {{fhgoal|FG|7}}
| goals2 = [[Olivia Shannon|Shannon]] {{fhgoal|FG|38}} [[Charlotte Englebert|Englebert]] {{fhgoal|FG|42}} [[Salima Tete|Salima]] {{fhgoal|FG|44}} Sonam {{fhgoal|PC|47}}
| umpires = [[Rachel Williams (hockey umpire)|Rachel Williams]] (ENG) Shivani Sharma (IND)
| stadium = [[Jaipal Singh Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 14 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
| score = 0–1
| team2 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/index.php/matches/5604 Report]
| goals1 =
| goals2 = [[Katie Mullan|Mullan]] {{fhgoal|FG|23}}
| umpires = Rama Potnis (IND) Yogita Pasi (IND)
| stadium = [[Jaipal Singh Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 15 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Odisha Warriors]]
| score = 1–2
| team2 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/index.php/matches/5605 Report]
| goals1 = [[Freeke Moes|Moes]] {{fhgoal|FG|57}}
| goals2 = [[Hina Bano|Bano]] {{fhgoal|FG|6}} Sonam {{fhgoal|FG|47}}
| umpires = Kelly Hudson (NZL) Deepa (IND)
| stadium = [[Jaipal Singh Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 16 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| score = 1–1
| team2 = [[Odisha Warriors]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/index.php/matches/5606 Report]
| goals1 = [[Beauty Dungdung|Beauty]] {{fhgoal|FG|16}}
| goals2 = [[Baljeet Kaur|Baljeet]] {{fhgoal|FG|8}}
| penalties1 = [[Fiona Crackles|Crackles]] {{fhps|g}} [[Beauty Dungdung|Beauty]] {{fhps|m}} [[Lalremsiami]] {{fhps|m}} [[Grace Stewart (field hockey)|Stewart]] {{fhps|g}} [[Hannah Cotter|Cotter]] {{fhps|m}}
| penaltyscore = 2–3
| penalties2 = {{fhps|g}} [[Freeke Moes|Moes]] {{fhps|m}} [[Sakshi Rana|Sakshi]] {{fhps|g}} [[Sonika Tandi|Sonika]] {{fhps|g}} [[Kaitlin Nobbs|Nobbs]]
| umpires = Durga Devi (IND) Shivani Sharma (IND)
| stadium = [[Jaipal Singh Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 17 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|20:15|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
| score = 2–0
| team2 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/index.php/matches/5607 Report]
| goals1 = [[Sangita Kumari (field hockey)|Sangita]] {{fhgoal|PC|35}} [[Deepika Sehrawat|Deepika]] {{fhgoal|PC|47}}
| goals2 =
| umpires = Coen van Bunge (NED) Gurbaj Singh (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 19 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Odisha Warriors]]
| score = 4–1
| team2 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/index.php/matches/5608 Report]
| goals1 = [[Michelle Fillet|Fillet]] {{fhgoal|FG|16}} [[Yibbi Jansen|Jansen]] {{fhgoal|PC|18|PC|47}} [[Neha Goyal|Goyal]] {{fhgoal|FG|58}}
| goals2 = [[Udita Duhan|Udita]] {{fhgoal|PC|30}}
| umpires = [[Rachel Williams (hockey umpire)|Rachel Williams]] (ENG) Rama Potnis (IND)
| stadium = [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Rourkela]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 20 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| score = 5–1
| team2 = [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/index.php/matches/5609 Report]
| goals1 = [[Charlotte Englebert|Englebert]] {{fhgoal|FG|6}} Sonam {{fhgoal|FG|9|FG|10}} [[Charlotte Stapenhorst|Stapenhorst]] {{fhgoal|FG|36}} [[Penny Squibb|Squibb]] {{fhgoal|PC|60}}
| goals2 = [[Sangita Kumari (field hockey)|Sangita]] {{fhgoal|FG|38}}
| umpires = Deepa (IND) Yogita Pasi (IND)
| stadium = [[Jaipal Singh Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 21 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| score = 0–0
| team2 = [[Odisha Warriors]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/index.php/matches/5610 Report]
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| penalties1 = [[Charlotte Stapenhorst|Stapenhorst]] {{fhps|m}} [[Deepika Soreng|Soreng]] {{fhps|m}} [[Maria Verschoor|Verschoor]] {{fhps|m}} [[Charlotte Englebert|Englebert]] {{fhps|m}}
| penaltyscore = 0–2
| penalties2 = {{fhps|m}} [[Lilly Stoffelsma|Stoffelsma]] {{fhps|m}} [[Freeke Moes|Moes]] {{fhps|g}} [[Sonika Tandi|Sonika]] {{fhps|g}} [[Kaitlin Nobbs|Nobbs]]
| umpires = Kelly Hudson (NZL) Ruchika Wankhede (IND)
| stadium = [[Jaipal Singh Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 22 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| score = 2–0
| team2 = [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/index.php/matches/5611 Report]
| goals1 = [[Kathryn Mullan|Mullan]] {{fhgoal|FG|21|FG|33}}
| goals2 =
| umpires = Durga Devi (IND) [[Rachel Williams (hockey umpire)|Rachel Williams]] (ENG)
| stadium = [[Jaipal Singh Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 23 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Odisha Warriors]]
| score = 1–1
| team2 = [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/index.php/matches/5612 Report]
| goals1 = [[Yibbi Jansen|Jansen]] {{fhgoal|PC|35}}
| goals2 = [[Navneet Kaur (field hockey)|Navneet]] {{fhgoal|PS|28}}
| penalties1 = [[Sakshi Rana|Sakshi]] {{fhps|m}} [[Kaitlin Nobbs|Nobbs]] {{fhps|g}} [[Sonika Tandi|Sonika]] {{fhps|m}} [[Baljeet Kaur|Baljeet]] {{fhps|g}} [[Freeke Moes|Moes]] {{fhps|m}}
| penaltyscore = 2–3
| penalties2 = {{fhps|m}} [[Lily Owsley|Owsley]] {{fhps|m}} [[Mumtaz Khan (field hockey)|Mumtaz]] {{fhps|g}} [[Ishika (field hockey)|Ishika]] {{fhps|g}} [[Navneet Kaur (field hockey)|Navneet]] {{fhps|g}} [[Sunelita Toppo|Sunelita]]
| umpires = Deepa (IND) Rama Potnis (IND)
| stadium = [[Jaipal Singh Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 24 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| score = 4–2
| team2 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/index.php/matches/5613 Report]
| goals1 = [[Charlotte Englebert|Englebert]] {{fhgoal|FG|1|FG|17|PS|47}} [[Hina Bano|Hina]] {{fhgoal|FG|9}}
| goals2 = [[Vandana Katariya|Vandana]] {{fhgoal|FG|48}} [[Shilpi Dabas|Shilpi]] {{fhgoal|PC|58}}
| umpires = Yogita Pasi (IND) Ruchika Wankhede (IND)
| stadium = [[Jaipal Singh Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
}}

===Final===
{{fieldhockeybox
| date = 26 January 2025
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}
| team1 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| score = 1–2
| team2 = [[Odisha Warriors]]
| report = [https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/index.php/matches/5614 Report]
| goals1 = [[Penny Squibb|Squibb]] {{fhgoal|PC|28}}
| goals2 = [[Rutuja Pisal|Rutuja]] {{fhgoal|FG|20|FG|56}}
| umpires = Kelly Hudson (NZL) [[Rachel Williams (hockey umpire)|Rachel Williams]] (ENG)
| stadium = [[Jaipal Singh Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
}}

==Final results==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! Season
! Winner
! Score
! Runner up
! Venue
! Player of the Tournament
|-
! colspan=6|Men's league
|-
| 2024–2025
! [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| 4–3
| [[Hyderabad Toofans]]
| [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium|Birsa Munda Stadium]]
| [[Sukhjeet Singh]]
|-
! colspan=6|Women's league
|-
| 2025
! [[Odisha Warriors]]
| 2–1
| [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| [[Jaipal Singh Stadium]]
| [[Jyoti Rumavat]]
|}

==Top goalscorers==
===Men's league===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Player
!Team
!Goals
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jugraj Singh (field hockey, born 1996)|Jugraj Singh]]
|[[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
|12
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Thierry Brinkman]]
|[[Kalinga Lancers]]
|10
|-
|{{flagicon|GER}} [[Gonzalo Peillat]]
|[[Hyderabad Toofans]]
|9
|-
|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Tomás Domene]]
|[[Delhi SG Pipers]]
|8
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Jip Janssen]]
|[[Tamil Nadu Dragons]]
|8
|-
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Alexander Hendrickx]]}}
|[[Kalinga Lancers]]
|7
|-
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Tim Brand]]
|[[Hyderabad Toofans]]
|6
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rupinder Pal Singh]]
|[[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
|5
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Harmanpreet Singh]]
|[[Soorma Hockey Club]]
|5
|-
|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Kane Russell]]
|[[UP Rudras]]
|4
|}

[https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/competitions/180/statistics Source]

===Women's league===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;
|-
!Player
!Team
!Goals
|-
| {{nowrap|{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Charlotte Englebert]]}}
| [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| 5
|-
| {{flagicon|NED}} [[Yibbi Jansen]]
| [[Odisha Warriors]]
| 5
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Sonam
| [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| 4
|-
| {{flagicon|IRE}} [[Kathryn Mullan]]
| [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| 3
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Hina Bano]]
| [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| 2
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Baljeet Kaur]]
| [[Odisha Warriors]]
| 2
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sangita Kumari (field hockey)|Sangita Kumari]]
| [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
| 2
|-
| {{flagicon|NED}} [[Freeke Moes]]
| [[Odisha Warriors]]
| 2
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rutaja Pisal]]
| [[Odisha Warriors]]
| 2
|-
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Penny Squibb]]
| [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| 2
|}

[https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/competitions/181/statistics Source]

==Awards==
===Women's league===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Category
!Player
|-
|Player of the Tournament
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jyoti Rumavat]]
|-
|Top Scorers of the Tournament
|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Yibbi Jansen]] {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Charlotte Englebert]]
|-
|Best Goalkeeper
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Savita Punia]]
|-
|Upcoming Player of the Tournament
|{{flagicon|IND}} Sonam
|-
|Fairplay Award
|[[Delhi SG Pipers]]
|}

===Men's league===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Category
!Player
|-
|Player of the Tournament
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sukhjeet Singh]]
|-
|Top Scorer of the Tournament
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jugraj Singh]]
|-
|Best Goalkeeper
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bikramjit Singh]]
|-
|Upcoming Player of the Tournament
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arshdeep Singh (field hockey)|Arshdeep Singh]]
|-
|Fairplay Award
|[[UP Rudras]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website|https://hockeyindialeague.com/}}

{{Hockey India League}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2024-25 Hockey India League}}
[[Category:Hockey India League seasons]]
[[Category:2024 in field hockey|Hockey India League]]
[[Category:2024 in Indian sport]]
[[Category:2024–25 Hockey India League]]

Chennakeshava Temple, Hullekere

2026-01-22T17:42:44Z

IolaWatriama22: Started location

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chennakeshava Temple
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Hindu temple
| image_skyline = File:View of Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Chennakeshava temple (1163 A.D.) at Hullekere in [[Hassan district]]
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hassan District]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Close up of parapet wall relief in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere.JPG|thumb|right|upright|Close up of parapet wall relief in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere]]
[[File:Shrine and tower in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere.JPG|thumb|left|upright|Shrine and ''[[Shikhara]]'' (tower) in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere]]
The '''Chennakeshava temple''', dedicated to the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] god [[Vishnu]] is located in the village of Hullekere, in the Arasikere Taluk, about 22 km from the commercial town [[Arasikere]]. It was built in 1163 A.D. by a minister of [[Hoysala empire]] king [[Narasimha I]]. The art historian Adam Hardy categorizes the architectural style as a single shrine (''vimana'') construction with miniature ''vimanas'', the basic building material being [[Soap stone]].<ref name="stone">Hardy (1995), p.332</ref> The monument is protected by the Karnataka state division of [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref name="protect">{{cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_protected_monu_karnataka.asp|title=Alphabetical List of Protected Monuments-List of State Protected|work=Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts|accessdate=9 November 2014}}</ref>

==Temple plan==
The temple has all the basic features of a Hoysala era construction. According to art historian Gerard Foekema, being a single ''vimana'' (cella or shrine) construction it qualifies as a ''ekakuta'' plan (a tower called ''[[shikhara]]'' over the shrine). The entrance to the temple is through an open pillared hall or porch (''mukhamantapa'') followed by a closed hall (''[[mantapa]]'' or ''navaranga'').<ref name="taste">Foekema (1996), p.25</ref><ref name="sign"/> The porch consists of an [[awning]] supported by half pillars and parapets on either side. The decor on the [[parapet]] walls, ceiling, [[lintel]] over the entrance and the pillars is noteworthy.<ref name="pillar">Foekema (1996), p.24</ref> The inner walls of the shrine is square and plain where as the outer walls (also square) have numerous recesses and projections that is used for decorative relief which includes ''[[Kirtimukha]]'', ''[[Aedicula]]'' (miniature decorative towers), deities in relief and half [[pilaster]]s. The closed hall connects to the sanctum via a [[Vestibule (architecture)|vestibule]] (called ''sukhanasi''). The vestibule also as a tower that looks like a low protrusion of the tower over the shrine. The ceiling of the compact closed hall is supported by four lathe turned pillars that divide the ceiling into nine tastefully decorated bays.<ref name="wall">Foekema (1996), pp.21-22</ref>

At the top of the main tower is the ''[[kalasha]]'', a decorative water-pot like structure which stands on a large ornate dome. This dome is the largest piece of sculpture in the temple and can be 2m x 2m in size. On the tower over the vestibule (also called ''sukhanasi'', Foekema calls it the "nose") is located the Hoysala emblem of a royal warrior (legend has it that it is Sala, the founder of the empire) stabbing a lion.<ref name="lion">Foekema (1996), p.27</ref> The design of the tower, according to art historian Percy Brown, is a characteristic feature to the Hoysala art. According to Brown, the decorative details in the wall of the shrine is carried through the tower. The tower is divided into decorative tiers with each tier diminishing in height and culminating in an "umbrella" like structure.<ref name="brown">Brown in Kamath (1980), pp.134-135</ref> Brown also claims the lathe turned pillars with four brackets above are a signature style of the 11th-13th century Chalukya-Hoysala architectural idiom.<ref name="sign">Brown in Kamath (1980), p.134</ref>

== Notes ==
{{reflist|1}}

==References==
* Gerard Foekema, A Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples, Abhinav, 1996, New Delhi, {{ISBN|81-7017-345-0}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kamath |first=Suryanath U. |title=A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present |orig-date=1980 |year=2001 |publisher=Jupiter books |location=Bangalore |oclc=7796041 |lccn=80905179}}

* Adam Hardy, Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries, Abhinav, 1995, New Delhi, {{ISBN|81-7017-312-4}}.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Closed mantapa with lathe turned pillars in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere.JPG|Closed ''[[mantapa]]'' with lathe turned pillars supporting bay ceiling in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere
Decorative aedicule over deity relief sculpture on outer wall of Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere.JPG|Decorative miniature decorative towers over deity relief sculpture on outer wall of Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere
Domical ceiling over mukhamantapa in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere.JPG|Domical ceiling over ''mukhamantapa'' (entrance porch) in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere
Kirtimukha over aedicules in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere.JPG|[[Kirtimukha]] over aedicules in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere
Mukhamantapa with elephant baluster in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere.JPG|''Mukhamantapa'' with elephant baluster in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere
Old Kannada inscription in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere.JPG|Old Kannada inscription in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere
Sukhanasi with the Hoysala emblem mounted on top in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere.JPG|''Sukhanasi'' (tower over vestibule) with the Hoysala emblem mounted on top in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere
Rear view of Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere.JPG| Rear view of Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere
Relief on parapet wall of mukhamantapa in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere.JPG|Relief on parapet wall of ''mukhamantapa'' in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere
Close up of decorative relief on parapet wall in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere.JPG|Close up of decorative relief on parapet wall in Chennakeshava temple at Hullekere
</gallery>

[[Category:Hindu temples in Hassan district]]
[[Category:12th-century Hindu temples]]

Sudeep Sarangi

2025-12-24T23:15:58Z

IolaWatriama22: created some data added tags

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Sudeep Sarangi
|occupation = Actor
|years_active = 2003{{ndash}}present
}}
'''Sudeep Sarangi''' is an Indian actor who acts in Bengali, Hindi, and Tamil-language films and Hindi-language television shows.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/sudeep-sarangi-documents-pandemics-effects-on-people-in-every-life-matters-731212 | title=Sudeep Sarangi documents pandemic's effects on people in 'Every Life Matters' | date=28 February 2022 }}</ref> He is known for his role in ''[[Kaadhal Kondein]]'' (2003).

== Career ==
He made his debut with the Tamil-language film ''[[Kaadhal Kondein]]'' (2003) as the antagonist.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/tv-actor-sudeep-sarangi-learnt-a-lot-observing-ashutosh-rana/1624147|title=TV actor Sudeep Sarangi ''learnt a lot'' observing Ashutosh Rana|website=www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref> After the success of the film, Sudeep starred in ''[[Ennavo Pudichirukku]]'' (2004) and ''[[Kadhale Jayam]]'' (2005) in similar roles. These films, however, unlike his first film released to negative reviews.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.bizhat.com/review_ennavo_pudichirukku.php|title=BizHat.com - Ennavo Pudichirukku Review|publisher=Bizhat}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbthots.com/reviews/2004/epudichirukku.html|title=Ennavo Pudichirukku|author=Balaji Balasubramaniam|publisher=bbthots}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/moviereviews/tammov356.asp|title=Kadhalay Jayam|work=Chennai Online|last=Mannath|first=Malini|date=4 August 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016072850/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/moviereviews/tammov356.asp|archive-date=16 October 2006}}</ref> However, he worked in a business firm after a period of debt when his father became ill and his brother's business wasn't doing well. He was later offered roles in the Hindi television series ''[[Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan|Prithviraj Chauhan]]'', ''[[Baba Aiso Varr Dhoondo]]'', and ''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev|Mahadev]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/sudeep-sarangi-talks-about-his-days-of-struggle-tellychakkarcom|title=Sudeep Sarangi talks about his "days of struggle" with Tellychakkar.com|website=Tellychakkar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/New-evil-entry-in-Mahadev/articleshow/12290620.cms|title=New evil entry in Mahadev|newspaper=The Times of India|date=16 March 2012|first=Lisa|last=Antao|accessdate=26 July 2020}}</ref> He had a brief role in [[Sahara One]]'s ''[[Haunted Nights]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/actor-sudeep-sarangi-acted-as-girl-role-in-a-movie/articleshow/62930171.cms|title=பெண் வேடம் போட்டிருக்கும் 'காதல் கொண்டேன்' நடிகர்! ['Kaadhal Kondein' actor in lady getup!]|language=ta|work=The Times of India Samayam}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
; Films
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Language
! Notes
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Kaadhal Kondein]]'' || Aadhi Kesavan || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2004 || ''[[Ennavo Pudichirukku]]'' || Santosh || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Kadhale Jayam]]'' || Aravind || Tamil ||
|-
| 2005 || ''Tomake Selam'' || Handicapped man || [[Bengali language|Bengali]] ||
|-
| 2013 || ''Prem Juddho'' || || Bengali ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Guddu Ki Gun]]'' || Akhilesh Tripathi || [[Hindi]] ||
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Missing (2018 film)|Missing]]'' || Bellboy || Hindi ||
|-
|}

;Television
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2006 - 2009 || ''[[Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan|Prithviraj Chauhan]]'' || Arjun ||
|-
| 2010 - 2012 || ''[[Baba Aiso Varr Dhoondo]]'' || Sudheer ||
|-
| 2011 - 2014 || ''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev|Mahadev]]'' || Shatbhish ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Haunted Nights]]'' || Rahul Bhatt || Appeared in the episode "Jaadu Tona Guest House"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/sudeep-sarangi-sahara-ones-haunted-nights|title=Sudeep Sarangi in Sahara One's Haunted Nights|website=Tellychakkar}}</ref><ref name="A">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/sudeep-sarangi-hopes-make-it-big-one-day|title=Sudeep Sarangi hopes to make it big one day|website=Tellychakkar}}</ref>
|-
| 2013 || ''Shaitaaan - A Criminal Mind'' || ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Savdhaan India]]'' ||Jitendra (Episode 121) / Chetan Pandey (Episode 979) / Mahendra Sharma (Episode 1030) / Gagan (Episode 1165) / Pramod, Courier man, Serial Killer (Episode No 1919)||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Crime Patrol (TV series)|Crime Patrol]]'' || || One episode<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/sudeep-sarangi-to-feature-in-crime-patrol_65197|title=Sudeep Sarangi to feature in Crime Patrol!|website=India Forums}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || rowspan="2"|''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]'' || Pawan Kumar/Kailash (Episode 1401) || rowspan="2"|Episodic roles
|-
| 2018 || Manish (Episode 1531)
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Durga Aur Charu]]'' || Bankey ||
|-
|2025–present
|''[[Gharwali Pedwali]]''
|Tillumal
|
|}

== Plays ==
''Source''<ref name="A"/>
*''Baghdad Ka Ghulam''
*'' Bhagwat Ajjukyyam''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|9894499}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarangi, Sudeep}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Chikkajala metro station

2025-12-14T21:56:37Z

IolaWatriama22: Started a article - done

{{Short description|Future Namma Metro station under Blue Line}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Chikkajala
| type = {{Namma Metro Infobox station line|line=Blue}}
| style = Namma Metro
| image = Chikkajala metro station (Oct '24).jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Under construction of this metro station as of October 2024 under Phase 2B of [[Blue Line (Namma Metro)|Blue Line]] of [[Namma Metro]]
| address = Survey No 70/10, A2, Bellary Rd, Chikkajala, Bengaluru, Karnataka 562157
| coordinates = {{coord|13.16929|77.63179|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Namma Metro|Blue|croute}}
| other =
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double track]]
| platform = [[Side platform]] ''(TBC)'' 
Platform-1 → {{stl|Namma Metro|Krishnarajapura}} / {{stl|Namma Metro|Central Silk Board}} Platform-2 → {{stl|Namma Metro|KIAL Terminals}} ''Platform Numbers (TBC)''
| operator = [[Namma Metro]]
| depth =
| levels = 2 '''''(TBC)'''''
| tracks = 2 '''''(TBC)'''''
| connections =
| parking = '''''(TBC)'''''
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened =
| opening = '''''(TBC)'''''
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = '''''(TBC)'''''
| accessible = '''''(TBC)'''''
| status = Currently axed from Blue Line & converted to Future Station
| code = '''''(TBC)'''''
| owned = [[Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd]] (BMRCL)
| architect =
| architectural_style =
| wifi =
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Namma Metro|line1=Blue|left1=Bagalur Cross|to-left1=Krishnarajapura or Central Silk Board|note-mid1=''(Future Service and skipping '''Bettahalasuru''')''|right1=Doddajala|to-right1=KIAL Terminals}}
| route_map = {{BMR Blue Line}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Blue}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Chikkajala''' is a cancelled elevated metro station on the north–south corridor of the [[Blue Line (Namma Metro)|Blue Line]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengaluru Metro Blue Line: Explore the City Like Never Before! - TimesProperty |url=https://timesproperty.com/news/post/all-about-bengaluru-metro-blue-line-blid5532 |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=timesproperty.com}}</ref> of [[Namma Metro]] in [[Bangalore]], India. This metro station will consist of the main [[Chikkajala]] village which holds the main '''Chikkajala Fort Ruins''' followed by prime locations like [[Decathlon (retailer)|Decathlon]] Anubhava Sports Arena, '''Chikkajala Police Station''' and Chikkajala Lake. This metro station will not be operational on June 2026 due to lack of funds.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lalitha |first=S. |date=2024-09-16 |title=Chikkajala, Bettahalasur stations axed from Metro Airport Line |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2024/Sep/16/chikkajala-bettahalasur-stations-axed-from-metro-airport-line |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Vivan |first1=Sridhar |date=Sep 18, 2024 |title=Uncertainty clouds Bettahalsuru, Chikkajala Metro project |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/uncertainty-clouds-bettahalsuru-chikkajala-metro-project/articleshow/113436657.cms |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=vinaykumar.patil |title=Bengaluru: BMRCL drops two stations on Airport line amid funding shortfall |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/karnataka-news/bengaluru-bmrcl-drops-two-stations-on-airport-line-amid-funding-shortfall-vkp-sjy6hm |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=L&T bags track contracts worth ₹501 crore for Bangalore Metro Phase 2A & 2B {{!}} Metro Rail Today |url=https://metrorailtoday.com/news/lt-bags-track-contracts-worth-501-crore-for-bangalore-metro-phase-2a-2b |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Metro Rail Today: Gateway to Rail & Metro Industry}}</ref>

==Station layout==
'''''Station Layout - To Be Confirmed'''''
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Chikkajala track layout '''''(TBC)'''''
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Blue}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Namma Metro|Doddajala}}
*'''P#'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P#'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Namma Metro|Bagalur Cross}} **
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms '''''**Skipping Bettahalasuru'''''</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=30 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Mezzanine
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|'''Platform #''' '''Northbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|Towards → {{stl|Namma Metro|KIAL Terminals}} '''Next Station:''' [[Doddajala metro station|Doddajala]]
|-
|'''Platform #''' '''Southbound'''
|Towards ← {{stl|Namma Metro|Krishnarajapura}} / {{stl|Namma Metro|Central Silk Board}} '''Next Station:''' [[Bagalur Cross metro station|Bagalur Cross]] ''(Skipping '''Bettahalasuru''')''
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|
|-
|}
==See also==
*[[Bangalore]]
*[[List of Namma Metro stations]]
*[[Transport in Karnataka]]
*[[List of metro systems]]
*[[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]
*[[Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation]]
{{Portal bar|Bangalore|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://english.bmrc.co.in ''BMRCL English''] - BMRCL Official Website
* [http://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.
{{Namma Metro|blue line=yes}}
__FORCETOC__

[[Category:Namma Metro stations]]
[[Category:Proposed railway stations in India]]

Techspardha

2025-12-08T00:06:51Z

IolaWatriama22: created new stub first draft!

{{Multiple issues|
{{advert|date=February 2018}}
{{notability|Events|date=September 2018}}
}}
{{Infobox recurring event
| name = Techspardha, NIT Kurukshetra
| logo = [[File:Techspardha Icon.jpg|frameless|center]]
| genre = Techno-management festival
| venue = National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra
| logo_caption = Techspardha
| founded = 1995
| begins =
| ends = 
| location = [[Kurukshetra]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|29|56|57.3|N|76|48|57.0|E|display=inline,title}}
| organiser = Student community of [[NIT Kurukshetra]]
| filing = Non-Profit Student Organisation
| sponsor = [[NIT Kurukshetra]]
| homepage = [http://www.techspardha.org www.techspardha.org]
| prize_money = ₹5,00,000
}}

'''Techspardha''' is the annual techno-managerial festival of [[NIT Kurukshetra|National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra]]. It started in 1995 as "Technospect" (later changed to Literati). The year 2013 marked the Golden Jubilee of NIT Kurukshetra, thus it was renamed as Techspardha. Etymologically, the word ‘Techspardha’ is composed of two words, ‘Tech’ in English is a contraction of technology and ‘Spardha’ in Hindi means competition.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} Techspardha is known for hosting a variety of events that include competitions, exhibitions, guest lectures as well as workshops.

==Events & Activities==
Students are provided with an opportunity to showcase their skills and talents in a wide spectrum of events which test not only the technical know-how, but also managerial and soft skills. The events are aimed to encourage students to come out of textbooks and apply their knowledge in a real-life setup.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}

===Managerial events===
In '''Wars of Entrepreneurs''', teams of 4 compete in this fierce battle to emerge as the ultimate marketing maestros. The Participants are judged on the basis of uniqueness of idea, financial assessment of proposal and presentation skills. 
Alphaquest involves publicity of a product in various ways.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}

===Technical events===
'''Robowars''' is a game of style, control, damage and aggression with the robots pit against each other in a deadly combat. The last robot standing in this elimination based event takes away the prize. 
'''Vidhwaan''' asks the participants to present the power system design of India. It provides a deep understanding of the concepts of power systems to the participants. 
'''Excalibur''' is a software product development competition where the participants are required to pick up a daily life problem and present its solution through software. 
'''Build Em All''' is a design event in which participant have to design any structure as per the problem statement with the help of pop sticks, glue and threads. 
'''Productathon''' is a hardware/software product development competition to accomplish the major ongoing problems in this world and to enhance the recent advancement in the world of technology.

===Paper presentations===
'''Electrovista''' and '''Microsearch''' asks participants to research and present any upcoming idea/innovation in the fields of Electrical and Electronics. It gives a chance to enhance their knowledge as well as presentation skills. 
In '''Technova''', participants are encouraged to research and present any upcoming idea/innovation/algorithm in the field of Computers. 
'''Civiera''' is a paper presentation event on the theme basis like Resource Optimization, Productivity Maximization etc.

===Quiz events===
'''Brainstorm''' is a general trivia quiz for polymaths on a wide range of topics like sports, food, politics, inventions, world events etc. 
'''Mastishk''' is known to be the toughest aptitude test series of Techspardha.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} Several rounds of mind wobbling quizzes and puzzles are held to decide the winner.
'''CV Quiz'''

===Others===
'''Mr. Aristotle''' is an event which tests the managerial skills of the participants. Several grueling rounds like aptitude testing, group discussion, personal interview are conducted to unearth the next Aristotle. 
'''Junkyard Wars''' caters to all those ranchos who have a penchant for breaking up stuff and reassembling it into something awesome just with random junk. 
'''Roll-a-coster''' asks the students to design a groovy and innovative ride for a ½" inch metal ball, consisting of loops, turns and spirals, similar to an actual roller coaster. 
'''Contraption''' tests your mechanical ingenuity and creative skills, requires participants to implement a series of mind boggling energy conversations with routine stuff. 
'''Micrologic''' where in teams have to present a microcontroller based working model on any innovative and novel idea. The teams will be judged on the basis of peripherals of microcontroller used, uniqueness of idea and usefulness. 
'''Big Fight''' is the event for those who know how to fight with words, provides an opportunity to all the debaters to come forward and assert their views on a wide spectrum of topics. 
'''E-Modeling''' is an event to test the aptitude of participants in the field of digital circuits. This fiercely competitive event has a history of its winners going on to become very successful in the field of electronics.

===Workshops===
===Exhibitions===
Exhibitions provide an ideal platform to reduce the gap between the technology in today’s world and the common man in India. Every year Exhibition has mesmerized people by presenting technological avant-garde in the world. It helps young minds to broaden their vision and to update their tech know-how.

<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/@Abhisheknitkkr/isro-organise-exhibition-at-nit-kurukshetra-301f2cf204e7|title=ISRO Exhibition|date=8 January 2019}}</ref>

===Guest Lectures===
Lectures is one of the most distinguished parts of the fest. The series has been continuously striving to impart knowledge and profound experience to one of the largest gathering across the continent. The sheer volume of knowledge and ideas that are spread through the series is immense and unimaginable. The platform provides the opportunity of interacting with eminent personalities and share ideas and interests. The past speakers at Techspardha includes great personalities like:

[[Vivek Atray]] (an Indian author, TEDx speaker and ex- [[IAS officer|Indian Administrative Service officer]])

===Workshops===

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* http://www.techspardha.org/
* http://www.nitkkr.ac.in/pagesUI/homePage.jsf?pageEvent=243&page=content
* http://www.brahmand.com/news/BrahMos-takes-part-in-Techspardha-2013/10648/1/10.html
* http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130205/harplus.htm#24
* http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130208/harplus.htm#3
* https://reps.mozilla.org/e/mozfest-at-techspardha-nit-kurukshtera/
* http://scoopnews.in/det.aspx?q=26737
* http://www.nitkkr.ac.in/clientFiles/FILE_REPO/2014/APR/23/1398237976820/NIT_in_news_from_jan_2014_to_march_2014.pdf
*https://medium.com/@Abhisheknitkkr/isro-organise-exhibition-at-nit-kurukshetra-301f2cf204e7
*https://m.facebook.com/techspardha.nitkkr/
*https://mobile.twitter.com/tsnitkkr?lang=en
*https://www.linkedin.com/company/techspardha-nit-kurukshetra
*http://www.knowafest.com/college-fests/events/2018/01/1209-techspardha-2018-nit-kurukshetra-techno-management-festival
*https://indianceo.in/events/nit-kurukshetra-business-plan-challenge-ideator/

== External links ==

{{National Institutes of Technology}}

[[Category:Technical festivals in India]]
[[Category:National Institutes of Technology]]
[[Category:Recurring events established in 2013]]

Neeta Shah

2025-10-16T16:03:53Z

IolaWatriama22: added the info w/ infobox...

{{short description|Indian producer and author}}
{{Notability|Biography|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Neeta Shah
| image = Neeta-shah.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1981|01|02}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai, India]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| education = [[H.R. College of Commerce and Economics|H.R. College]], Institute Of Chartered Accountants Of India
| occupation = Producer, writer
| years_active = 2012-present
| notable_works = ''[[Bollywood Striptease]]'', The Stranger In Me
}}

'''Neeta Shah''' (born 2 Jan 1981) is an Indian producer and author.<ref name="open">{{cite web |last=Atray Banan |first=Aastha |date=2012-07-26 |title=Surviving the Struggle |url=https://openthemagazine.com/cinema/surviving-the-struggle/ |access-date=2022-07-22 |publisher=Open Magazine}}</ref><ref name=siddiqui/>

==Biography==
Neeta Shah, a [[chartered accountant]], is an Indian Producer and an Author.

Prior to becoming a Producer, Neeta owned a successful marketing company - Pulp Fiction Entertainment, from 2013 that marketed feature films and brand associations.

Her maiden novel ''[[Bollywood Striptease]]'' was published by [[Rupa Publications]] in February 2012. Her second book, ''The Stranger In Me'' was co-written by Aditi Mediratta and released in May 2019 by Om Books International.<ref name="siddiqui">{{cite web|url=https://planetbollywood.com/wp/news/nawazuddin-siddiqui-launches-neeta-shah-and-aditi-medirattas-book-the-stranger-in-me/|title=Nawazuddin Siddiqui launches Neeta Shah & Aditi Mediratta's book The Stranger In Me|date=2019-05-02|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=2022-07-22}}</ref>

Shah produced a feature film ''[[Noorani Chehra]] starring Nawazuddin Siddiqui'' and a web series Gamerlog starring Darsheel Safari and Anjali Sivaraman for Amazon MX.

She co-owns a production company RDP Pulp Fiction Entertainment with [[Abhinay Deo]], that is producing multiple feature films and web-series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2022/mar/30/33862/lionsgate-play-announces-new-original-show-gamer-log|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723030525/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2022/mar/30/33862/lionsgate-play-announces-new-original-show-gamer-log|url-status=live|archive-date=23 July 2022|title=Lionsgate Play announces new original show Gamer Log|date=2022-03-30|publisher=Cinestaan|access-date=2022-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/global/concert-for-ukraine-ed-sheeran-manic-street-preachers-jamala-1235218882/|title=Concert for Ukraine With Ed Sheeran, Eurovision Winner Jamala, Raises $17 Million – Global Bulletin|date=2022-03-30|publisher=Variety|access-date=2022-07-22}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Producer !! Marketing !! Notes
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Grand Masti]]'' || || X ||
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2015 || ''[[Revolver Rani]]'' || || X ||
|-
| ''[[The Xpose]]'' || || X ||
|-
| ''[[Heartless (2014 film)|Heartless]]'' || || ||
|-
| ''[[Roar: Tigers of the Sundarbans]]'' || || X ||
|-
| ''[[Koyelaanchal]]'' || || X ||
|-
| ''[[Kya Dilli Kya Lahore]]'' || || X ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Kaun Kitne Paani Mein]]'' || || X ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2016 || ''[[Jai Gangaajal]]'' || || X ||
|-
| ''[[Saat Uchakkey]]'' || || X ||
|-
| ''[[30 Minutes (film)|30 Minutes]]'' || || X ||
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2017 || ''[[Laali Ki Shaadi Mein Laaddoo Deewana]]'' || || X ||
|-
| ''[[Babumoshai Bandookbaaz]]'' || || X ||
|-
| ''[[Daddy (2017 film)|Daddy]]'' || || X ||
|-
| ''[[Coffee with D]]'' || || X ||
|-
| ''[[Haseena Parkar]]'' || || X ||
|-
| ''[[Dear Maya]]'' || || X ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2018 || ''[[Bhaiaji Superhit]]'' || || X ||
|-
| ''[[Hotel Milan]]'' || || X ||
|-
| ''[[Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster 3]]'' || || X ||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Fraud Saiyaan]]'' || || X ||
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Chehre]]'' || || X ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022 || ''Noorani Chehra'' || X || ||Feature Film
|-
| ''Gamer Log'' || X || || Web-Series
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Neeta}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:English-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian women novelists]]
[[Category:Writers from Mumbai]]

Boga Baba Mazhar

2025-10-12T03:09:50Z

IolaWatriama22: Started new page

{{short description|Muslim place of worship in Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox monument
| name = Boga Baba Mazhar
| image =
| image_size = 
| caption = 
| coordinates = {{Coord|27|28|45|N|94|54|53|E|display=it}}
| location = [[Dibrugarh]], [[Assam]]
| type = [[Mausoleum]]
| material = 
| length = 
| width = 
| height = 
| begin = 
| complete = 
| open = 
| dedication = 
| builder = 
| main_builder = 
| website = 
}}

'''Boga Baba Mazhar''', also known as '''Boga Fakir's Mazhar''', is a Muslim place of worship situated in the central Panchali area of Dibrugarh city, within the [[Dibrugarh district]] of Assam. It serves as the shrine of the Sufi saint Syed Roshan Ali Chishti.<ref name= "AMU">{{cite book |title= SUFIS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE CULTURAL LIFF OF MEDIEVAL ASSAM IN 16-17 CENTURY|publisher=Aligarh Muslim University|author=Mumtaz, Nahida| year=2010 |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/144519508.pdf |location=Aligarh|pages=90, 91}}</ref> Locally renowned as the Boga Baba, who migrated from [[Ajmer]] to Assam to preach Islam and eventually settled in Dibrugarh. Following his demise, he was buried at this location, and subsequently, his shrine was established there.<ref name= "AMU"/>

==Etymology==
Syed Roshan Ali Chishti, also known as Boga Baba or Boga Fakir, was noted for his handsome appearance. He earned the epithet 'Boga Baba' or 'Boga Fakir' owing to his tall stature and fair complexion. Boga means white and Baba means father figure in [[Assamese language|Assamese]]. Subsequently, his [[Mausoleum]] came to be recognized as the Boga Baba Shrine or the Shrine of Boga Fakir.<ref name= "AMU"/>

==Legend==
Sufi saint Syed Roshan Ali Chishti travelled from Ajmer, [[Rajasthan]] to Assam with the aim of introducing [[Islam]].<ref name= "AMU"/> Initially residing in [[Uttar Pradesh]] for a period, he later moved to Assam. Belonging to the Chishtiya order of Sufism, Chishti, a tall figure with a fair complexion, is said to have arrived in Assam during the first half of the twentieth century on a white horse, clad in a woolen robe.<ref name ="BBM">{{cite book | title=Samannay Magazine| publisher=Boga Baba Mazar| author=Ahmed, K Jamal
| year=2000 |language=as|location=Dibrugarh| pages=20}}</ref> He settled near the [[Dibrugarh Town railway station]], living in a hut and possessing only a small cooking pot, from which he shared food with all who visited.<ref name= "AMU"/>

His presence attracted people of diverse religions, garnering widespread attention. Syed Rashan Ali Chisti passed away in the 1960s, and legend claims that ants covered his body after death.<ref name ="BBM"/> He was buried in his hut, which eventually became a shrine in his honor. Additionally, some locals believe that the Boga Baba shrine has a protective influence, preventing the [[Brahmaputra River]] from flooding the city of Dibrugarh.

==Tourism==
The Boga Baba Mazhar stands as one of the most frequented tourist spots in Dibrugarh city, revered as a sacred site by Muslims and drawing visitors of various faiths. Pilgrims from different corners of the country converge at the Pir Boga Baba shrine, where they light candles and offer shawls. Many seek to have their prayers answered during their visit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=|first=|title= What to do this weekend|url=https://m.telegraphindia.com/states/north-east/good-morning-07-04-2007/cid/1635243}}</ref>

==Transportation==
It is located at the heart of Dibrugarh city along Assam Trunk Road, the shrine of Boga Baba is positioned adjacent to the old [[Dibrugarh Town railway station]]. The [[Dibrugarh railway station]] lies 6 kilometers away, while the [[Dibrugarh airport]] is situated 16 kilometers from the shrine.It is maintained by Boga Baba Mazhar Committee.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Digital Desk|first=Sentinel|title= Boga Baba Mazhar Committee (BBMC) of Dibrugarh donated Essential items to doctors to fight COVID-19|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/boga-baba-mazhar-committee-bbmc-of-dibrugarh-donated-essential-items-to-doctors-to-fight-covid-19/}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Dargahs in Assam]]
[[Category:Mausoleums in India]]
[[Category:Dibrugarh]]

Bakuliha

2025-10-01T23:22:55Z

IolaWatriama22: creating basic page more to come

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bakuliha
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Khiron block map.png
| map_caption = Map showing Bakuliha (#609) in Khiron CD block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.234338|N|80.858193|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Do a radial search using these coordinates here |title=Geonames Search}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 4.996
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 4244
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = UP-35
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bakuliha''' is a village in [[Khiron]] block of [[Rae Bareli district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Rae Bareli, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=244–61 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0927_PART_A_DCHB_RAE%20BARELI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=10 August 2021}}</ref> It is located 16 km from [[Lalganj, Uttar Pradesh|Lalganj]], the tehsil headquarters.<ref name="Census 1981"/> As of 2011, it has a population of 4,244 people, in 768 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It has 4 primary schools and no healthcare facilities and it does not host a weekly [[haat]] or a permanent market.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It serves as the headquarters of a [[nyaya panchayat]] which also includes 7 other villages.<ref name="Census 1991"/>

The [[1951 Census of India|1951 census]] recorded Bakuliha as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 1,241 people (654 male and 587 female), in 43 households and 41 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1951">{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1951: District Census Handbook Uttar Pradesh (42 - Rae Bareli District) |date=1955 |location=Allahabad |pages=104–5 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/933/1/23644_1951_RAE.pdf |access-date=22 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 103 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1951"/> 115 residents were literate, 109 male and 6 female.<ref name="Census 1951"/> The village was listed as belonging to the [[pargana]] of Khiron and the [[thana]] of [[Dalmau]].<ref name="Census 1951"/>

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Bakuliha as comprising 6 hamlets, with a total population of 1,574 people (809 male and 765 female), in 265 households and 246 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (39 - Raebareli District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=lxviii-lxix of section "Dalmau Tahsil" |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1047/1/22852_1961_RAE.pdf |access-date=10 August 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 1,226 acres.<ref name="Census 1961"/>

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Bakuliha as having a population of 2,126 people, in 399 households, and having an area of 506.76 [[hectare]]s.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Rae Bareli |date=1982 |pages=132–3 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1298/1/50861_1981_RAE.pdf |access-date=10 August 2021}}</ref> The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.<ref name="Census 1981"/>

The [[1991 Census of India|1991 census]] recorded Bakuliha as having a total population of 2,670 people (1,425 male and 1,245 female), in 495 households and 480 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1991">{{cite book |title=Census 1991 Series-25 Uttar Pradesh Part-XII B Village & Townwise Primary Census Abstract District Census Handbook District Raebareli |date=1992 |pages=xxiv-xxviii, 154–5 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1443/1/36846_1991_RAE.pdf |access-date=22 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was listed as 500 hectares.<ref name="Census 1991"/> Members of the 0-6 age group numbered 434, or 16% of the total; this group was 53% male (228) and 47% female (206).<ref name="Census 1991"/> Members of [[scheduled caste]]s numbered 628, or 23.5% of the village's total population, while no members of [[scheduled tribes]] were recorded.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The [[literacy rate]] of the village was 43% (831 men and 321 women).<ref name="Census 1991"/> 667 people were classified as main workers (645 men and 22 women), while 52 people were classified as marginal workers (17 men and 35 women); the remaining 1,951 residents were non-workers.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The breakdown of main workers by employment category was as follows: 377 cultivators (i.e. people who owned or leased their own land); 50 agricultural labourers (i.e. people who worked someone else's land in return for payment); 1 worker in livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting, plantations, orchards, etc.; 22 household industry workers; 56 workers employed in other [[manufacturing]], processing, service, and repair roles; 10 [[construction worker]]s; 44 employed in trade and commerce; 13 employed in transport, storage, and communications; and 94 in other services.<ref name="Census 1991"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Raebareli district}}

[[Category:Villages in Raebareli district]]

2024 Pune Challenger – Singles

2025-09-27T01:58:22Z

IolaWatriama22: creating some stub added tags

{{morefootnotes|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Tennis events|2024|Pune Challenger|
| champ = {{flagicon|MON}} [[Valentin Vacherot]]
| runner = {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Adam Walton (tennis)|Adam Walton]]
| score = 3–6, 7–6(7–5), 7–6(7–5)
| edition =
| type = singles doubles
}}

{{main|2024 Pune Challenger}}

[[Max Purcell]] was the defending champion<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/tennis/max-purcell-wins-2023-pune-open-atp-challenger-tour-title-final-luca-nardi-highlights-score-summary/article66583658.ece|title=Pune Open 2023: Purcell beats Nardi in final, completes hat-trick of ATP Challenger Tour titles|first=Team|last=Sportstar|date=5 March 2023|website=Sportstar}}</ref> but chose not to defend his title.

[[Valentin Vacherot]] won the title after defeating [[Adam Walton (tennis)|Adam Walton]] 3–6, 7–6(7–5), 7–6(7–5) in the final.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/vacherot-walton-pune-challenger-2024-final|title=14-0! Vacherot stays perfect, claims 3rd Challenger title of 2024|publisher=ATPTour|accessdate=18 January 2025}}</ref>

==Seeds==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sumit Nagal]] ''(second round)''
# {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Duje Ajduković]] ''(semifinals)''
# {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Adam Walton (tennis)|Adam Walton]] ''(final)''
# {{flagicon|MON}} '''[[Valentin Vacherot]] (champion)'''
# {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dalibor Svrčina]] ''(second round, retired)''
# {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Oliver Crawford (tennis)|Oliver Crawford]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Dane Sweeny]] ''(semifinals)''
# {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Federico Gaio]] ''(first round)''
}}

==Draw==
{{Draw key}}

===Finals===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=Semifinals
| RD2=Final

| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1=7
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Dane Sweeny]]
| RD1-score1-1='''6'''
| RD1-score1-2=2
| RD1-score1-3=4
| RD1-seed2=4
| RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|MON}} [[Valentin Vacherot]]'''
| RD1-score2-1=4
| RD1-score2-2='''6'''
| RD1-score2-3='''6'''

| RD1-seed3=3
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Adam Walton (tennis)|Adam Walton]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''7'''
| RD1-score3-2='''78'''
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=2
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|CRO}} [[Duje Ajduković]]
| RD1-score4-1=5
| RD1-score4-2=66
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD2-seed1=4
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|MON}} [[Valentin Vacherot]]'''
| RD2-score1-1=3
| RD2-score1-2='''77'''
| RD2-score1-3='''77'''
| RD2-seed2=3
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Adam Walton (tennis)|Adam Walton]]
| RD2-score2-1='''6'''
| RD2-score2-2=65
| RD2-score2-3=65
}}

===Top half===
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| RD4=Semifinals

| RD1-seed01=1
| RD1-team01='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sumit Nagal|S Nagal]]'''
| RD1-score01-1='''78'''
| RD1-score01-2='''6'''
| RD1-score01-3=
| RD1-seed02=
| RD1-team02={{flagicon|TPE}} [[Hsu Yu-hsiou|Y-h Hsu]]
| RD1-score02-1=66
| RD1-score02-2=4
| RD1-score02-3=

| RD1-seed03=WC
| RD1-team03='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Niki Kaliyanda Poonacha|N Kaliyanda Poonacha]]'''
| RD1-score03-1='''6'''
| RD1-score03-2=62
| RD1-score03-3='''77'''
| RD1-seed04=
| RD1-team04={{flagicon|POR}} [[Gonçalo Oliveira|G Oliveira]]
| RD1-score04-1=3
| RD1-score04-2='''77'''
| RD1-score04-3=63

| RD1-seed05=
| RD1-team05={{flagicon|KOR}} [[Hong Seong-chan|S-c Hong]]
| RD1-score05-1=4
| RD1-score05-2=2
| RD1-score05-3=
| RD1-seed06=
| RD1-team06='''{{flagicon|POL}} [[Maks Kaśnikowski|M Kaśnikowski]]'''
| RD1-score06-1='''6'''
| RD1-score06-2='''6'''
| RD1-score06-3=

| RD1-seed07=
| RD1-team07={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Maxime Janvier|M Janvier]]
| RD1-score07-1='''6'''
| RD1-score07-2=1
| RD1-score07-3=64
| RD1-seed08=7
| RD1-team08='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Dane Sweeny|D Sweeny]]'''
| RD1-score08-1=4
| RD1-score08-2='''6'''
| RD1-score08-3='''77'''

| RD1-seed09=4
| RD1-team09='''{{flagicon|MON}} [[Valentin Vacherot|V Vacherot]]'''
| RD1-score09-1='''6'''
| RD1-score09-2='''7'''
| RD1-score09-3=
| RD1-seed10=Q
| RD1-team10={{flagicon|CAN}} [[Vasek Pospisil|V Pospisil]]
| RD1-score10-1=3
| RD1-score10-2=5
| RD1-score10-3=

| RD1-seed11=
| RD1-team11={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Geoffrey Blancaneaux|G Blancaneaux]]
| RD1-score11-1=67
| RD1-score11-2=3
| RD1-score11-3=
| RD1-seed12=
| RD1-team12='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Tristan Schoolkate|T Schoolkate]]'''
| RD1-score12-1='''79'''
| RD1-score12-2='''6'''
| RD1-score12-3=

| RD1-seed13=Q
| RD1-team13={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Bernard Tomic|B Tomic]]
| RD1-score13-1=4
| RD1-score13-2=2
| RD1-score13-3=
| RD1-seed14=
| RD1-team14='''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Enzo Couacaud|E Couacaud]]'''
| RD1-score14-1='''6'''
| RD1-score14-2='''6'''
| RD1-score14-3=

| RD1-seed15=Alt
| RD1-team15={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Philip Sekulic|P Sekulic]]
| RD1-score15-1=4
| RD1-score15-2=3
| RD1-score15-3=
| RD1-seed16=5
| RD1-team16='''{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dalibor Svrčina|D Svrčina]]'''
| RD1-score16-1='''6'''
| RD1-score16-2='''6'''
| RD1-score16-3=

| RD2-seed01=1
| RD2-team01={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sumit Nagal|S Nagal]]
| RD2-score01-1=4
| RD2-score01-2=3
| RD2-score01-3=
| RD2-seed02=WC
| RD2-team02='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Niki Kaliyanda Poonacha|N Kaliyanda Poonacha]]'''
| RD2-score02-1='''6'''
| RD2-score02-2='''6'''
| RD2-score02-3=

| RD2-seed03=
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|POL}} [[Maks Kaśnikowski|M Kaśnikowski]]
| RD2-score03-1=4
| RD2-score03-2=1
| RD2-score03-3=
| RD2-seed04=7
| RD2-team04='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Dane Sweeny|D Sweeny]]'''
| RD2-score04-1='''6'''
| RD2-score04-2='''6'''
| RD2-score04-3=

| RD2-seed05=4
| RD2-team05='''{{flagicon|MON}} [[Valentin Vacherot|V Vacherot]]'''
| RD2-score05-1='''6'''
| RD2-score05-2='''6'''
| RD2-score05-3=
| RD2-seed06=
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Tristan Schoolkate|T Schoolkate]]
| RD2-score06-1=1
| RD2-score06-2=2
| RD2-score06-3=

| RD2-seed07=
| RD2-team07='''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Enzo Couacaud|E Couacaud]]'''
| RD2-score07-1='''6'''
| RD2-score07-2=5
| RD2-score07-3=4
| RD2-seed08=5
| RD2-team08={{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dalibor Svrčina|D Svrčina]]
| RD2-score08-1=4
| RD2-score08-2='''7'''
| RD2-score08-3=1r

| RD3-seed01=WC
| RD3-team01={{flagicon|IND}} [[Niki Kaliyanda Poonacha|N Kaliyanda Poonacha]]
| RD3-score01-1='''6'''
| RD3-score01-2=2
| RD3-score01-3=63
| RD3-seed02=7
| RD3-team02='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Dane Sweeny|D Sweeny]]'''
| RD3-score02-1=4
| RD3-score02-2='''6'''
| RD3-score02-3='''77'''

| RD3-seed03=4
| RD3-team03='''{{flagicon|MON}} [[Valentin Vacherot|V Vacherot]]'''
| RD3-score03-1='''77'''
| RD3-score03-2='''6'''
| RD3-score03-3=
| RD3-seed04=
| RD3-team04={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Enzo Couacaud|E Couacaud]]
| RD3-score04-1=62
| RD3-score04-2=4
| RD3-score04-3=

| RD4-seed01=7
| RD4-team01={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Dane Sweeny|D Sweeny]]
| RD4-score01-1='''6'''
| RD4-score01-2=2
| RD4-score01-3=4
| RD4-seed02=4
| RD4-team02='''{{flagicon|MON}} [[Valentin Vacherot|V Vacherot]]'''
| RD4-score02-1=4
| RD4-score02-2='''6'''
| RD4-score02-3='''6'''
}}

===Bottom half===
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| RD4=Semifinals

| RD1-seed01=8
| RD1-team01={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Federico Gaio|F Gaio]]
| RD1-score01-1=3
| RD1-score01-2=2
| RD1-score01-3=
| RD1-seed02=WC
| RD1-team02='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mukund Sasikumar|M Sasikumar]]'''
| RD1-score02-1='''6'''
| RD1-score02-2='''6'''
| RD1-score02-3=

| RD1-seed03=
| RD1-team03={{flagicon|HKG}} [[Coleman Wong|C Wong]]
| RD1-score03-1=64
| RD1-score03-2='''6'''
| RD1-score03-3=3
| RD1-seed04=Q
| RD1-team04='''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Felix Gill|F Gill]]'''
| RD1-score04-1='''77'''
| RD1-score04-2=4
| RD1-score04-3='''6'''

| RD1-seed05=
| RD1-team05='''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Wu Tung-lin|T-l Wu]]'''
| RD1-score05-1='''77'''
| RD1-score05-2=65
| RD1-score05-3='''6'''
| RD1-seed06=
| RD1-team06={{flagicon|BEL}} [[Gauthier Onclin|G Onclin]]
| RD1-score06-1=65
| RD1-score06-2='''77'''
| RD1-score06-3=3

| RD1-seed07=Q
| RD1-team07={{flagicon|BEL}} [[Raphaël Collignon|R Collignon]]
| RD1-score07-1=61
| RD1-score07-2=2
| RD1-score07-3=
| RD1-seed08=3
| RD1-team08='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Adam Walton (tennis)|A Walton]]'''
| RD1-score08-1='''77'''
| RD1-score08-2='''6'''
| RD1-score08-3=

| RD1-seed09=6
| RD1-team09={{flagicon|GBR}} [[Oliver Crawford (tennis)|O Crawford]]
| RD1-score09-1=64
| RD1-score09-2=3
| RD1-score09-3=
| RD1-seed10=Q
| RD1-team10='''{{flagicon|}} [[Alexey Zakharov|A Zakharov]]'''
| RD1-score10-1='''77'''
| RD1-score10-2='''6'''
| RD1-score10-3=

| RD1-seed11=
| RD1-team11={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Stefano Napolitano|S Napolitano]]
| RD1-score11-1=65
| RD1-score11-2=65
| RD1-score11-3=
| RD1-seed12=WC
| RD1-team12='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramkumar Ramanathan|R Ramanathan]]'''
| RD1-score12-1='''77'''
| RD1-score12-2='''77'''
| RD1-score12-3=

| RD1-seed13=
| RD1-team13='''{{flagicon|USA}} [[Tristan Boyer|T Boyer]]'''
| RD1-score13-1='''6'''
| RD1-score13-2=4
| RD1-score13-3='''6'''
| RD1-seed14=
| RD1-team14={{flagicon|ESP}} [[Oriol Roca Batalla|O Roca Batalla]]
| RD1-score14-1=2
| RD1-score14-2='''6'''
| RD1-score14-3=2

| RD1-seed15=Q
| RD1-team15={{flagicon|GER}} [[Sebastian Fanselow|S Fanselow]]
| RD1-score15-1='''7'''
| RD1-score15-2=61
| RD1-score15-3=3
| RD1-seed16=2
| RD1-team16='''{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Duje Ajduković|D Ajduković]]'''
| RD1-score16-1=5
| RD1-score16-2='''77'''
| RD1-score16-3='''6'''

| RD2-seed01=WC
| RD2-team01='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mukund Sasikumar|M Sasikumar]]'''
| RD2-score01-1='''6'''
| RD2-score01-2='''6'''
| RD2-score01-3=
| RD2-seed02=Q
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|GBR}} [[Felix Gill|F Gill]]
| RD2-score02-1=1
| RD2-score02-2=0
| RD2-score02-3=

| RD2-seed03=
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|TPE}} [[Wu Tung-lin|T-l Wu]]
| RD2-score03-1=0
| RD2-score03-2='''77'''
| RD2-score03-3=64
| RD2-seed04=3
| RD2-team04='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Adam Walton (tennis)|A Walton]]'''
| RD2-score04-1='''6'''
| RD2-score04-2=65
| RD2-score04-3='''77'''

| RD2-seed05=Q
| RD2-team05='''{{flagicon|}} [[Alexey Zakharov|A Zakharov]]'''
| RD2-score05-1='''6'''
| RD2-score05-2='''6'''
| RD2-score05-3=
| RD2-seed06=WC
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramkumar Ramanathan|R Ramanathan]]
| RD2-score06-1=4
| RD2-score06-2=4
| RD2-score06-3=

| RD2-seed07=
| RD2-team07={{flagicon|USA}} [[Tristan Boyer|T Boyer]]
| RD2-score07-1=1
| RD2-score07-2=2
| RD2-score07-3=
| RD2-seed08=2
| RD2-team08='''{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Duje Ajduković|D Ajduković]]'''
| RD2-score08-1='''6'''
| RD2-score08-2='''6'''
| RD2-score08-3=

| RD3-seed01=WC
| RD3-team01={{flagicon|IND}} [[Mukund Sasikumar|M Sasikumar]]
| RD3-score01-1=
| RD3-score01-2=
| RD3-score01-3=
| RD3-seed02=3
| RD3-team02='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Adam Walton (tennis)|A Walton]]'''
| RD3-score02-1=w/o
| RD3-score02-2=
| RD3-score02-3=

| RD3-seed03=Q
| RD3-team03={{flagicon|}} [[Alexey Zakharov|A Zakharov]]
| RD3-score03-1=4
| RD3-score03-2=3
| RD3-score03-3=
| RD3-seed04=2
| RD3-team04='''{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Duje Ajduković|D Ajduković]]'''
| RD3-score04-1='''6'''
| RD3-score04-2='''6'''
| RD3-score04-3=

| RD4-seed01=3
| RD4-team01='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Adam Walton (tennis)|A Walton]]'''
| RD4-score01-1='''7'''
| RD4-score01-2='''78'''
| RD4-score01-3=
| RD4-seed02=2
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|CRO}} [[Duje Ajduković|D Ajduković]]
| RD4-score02-1=5
| RD4-score02-2=66
| RD4-score02-3=
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.protennislive.com/posting/2024/7100/mds.pdf Main draw]
*[https://www.protennislive.com/posting/2024/7100/qs.pdf Qualifying draw]

{{DEFAULTSORT:2024 Pune Challenger - 1}}
[[Category:2024 ATP Challenger Tour|Pune Challenger - 1]]
[[Category:KPIT MSLTA Challenger|2024 Singles]]

Kakana, Nancowry

2025-09-20T08:05:59Z

IolaWatriama22: refined article per standard format additionally and added references

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kakana
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Andaman and Nicobar Islands#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| coordinates = {{coord|8.186323|N|93.509907|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nicobar district|Nicobar]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Nancowry tehsil|Nancowry]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 270
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Census of India|Census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 645131
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kakana''' is a village in the [[Nicobar district]] of [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Nancowry tehsil|Nancowry]] [[tehsil]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Andaman%20Nicobar.pdf |title=Andaman and Nicobar Islands villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |access-date=2015-07-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095346/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Andaman%20Nicobar.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Kakana has 71 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 86.55%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3500_PART_B_DCHB_ANDAMAN%20&%20NICOBAR%20ISLANDS.pdf |title=District Census Handbook - Andaman & Nicobar Islands |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Andaman & Nicobar Islands |access-date=2015-07-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801173328/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3500_PART_B_DCHB_ANDAMAN%20%26%20NICOBAR%20ISLANDS.pdf |archive-date=2015-08-01 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 270 || 159 || 111
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 32 || 23 || 9
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 261 || 150 || 111
|-
| Literates || 206 || 123 || 83
|-
| Workers (all) || 136 || 101 || 35
|-
| Main workers (total) || 17 || 13 || 4
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Other || 17 || 13 || 4
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 119 || 88 || 31
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 2 || 2 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 8 || 5 || 3
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 109 || 81 || 28
|-
| Non-workers || 134 || 58 || 76
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Nicobar district }}

[[Category:Villages in Nancowry tehsil]]

Mirzadpur

2025-09-16T01:32:03Z

IolaWatriama22: added initial info added tags...

{{Short description|Village in West Bengal}}
{{Distinguish|Mirzapur}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Mirzadpur
| settlement_type = Village
| population_total = 1,442
| area_total_ha =
| name =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|25|23|49.01|N|88|24|35.02|E|scale:6250}}
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 733121
| population_as_of = 2011
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dakshin Dinajpur district|Dakshin Dinajpur]]
| other_name =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balurghat]]
| demographics1_info1 =
| demographics_type1 = Muslims = 100% {{increase}} Hindus = 0% Others (Christian, Sikh, Buddhists) = 0%
| demographics1_title1 =
| website = {{URL|ddinajpur.nic.in/}}
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| area_total_km2 = 0.6155
| area_land_ha =
| population_blank1_title = [[Male]]
| population_blank1 = 714
| population_blank2_title = [[Female]]
| population_blank2 = 728
| blank1_name_sec2 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Buniadpur]]
| registration_plate = WB
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Climatic regions of India|Moderate, Comfortable]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| area_code = 03524
| area_code_type = Telephone Code
| demographics2_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| demographics_type2 = Languages
| demographics2_title1 = Official
}}
'''Mirzadpur''' is a [[village]] located in [[Bansihari (community development block)|Bansihari]] subdivision of [[Dakshin Dinajpur district]] in [[West Bengal]], India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dakshin Dinajpur 2011 Census .XLXS file |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-1905-F-Census.xlsx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211020851/https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-1905-F-Census.xlsx |archive-date=11 February 2020 |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=CensusIndia.gov.in |quote=No: 1483 on the XL Sheet}}</ref>

== Location ==
It is situated {{convert|2.1|km|mi|abbr=on}} from sub-district headquarters [[Buniadpur]].<ref>According to [[Google Maps]].</ref> [[Balurghat]] is the district headquarters of this village. Shibpur gram panchayat is the [[gram panchayat]] of this village. The total geographical area of the village is {{convert|61.55|hectare|acre km2}}. The village code of this village is 311789.

== Population ==
With about 323 houses, this village has a total population of 1,442 people amongst them are 714 male and 728 female and a total geographical area of {{convert|61.55|hectare|acre}} or 0.6155 km2. The literacy rate of the total population of this village is 61.03% among 66.95% males and 55.22% females are literate.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==

* [[Dahuakuri]] village in [[Dakshin Dinajpur district|Dakshin Dinajpur]].
* [[Bejebikair]] village in [[Dakshin Dinajpur district|Dakshin Dinajpur]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Dakshin Dinajpur district]]

{{DakshinDinajpur-geo-stub}}

Ishwar Gupta Setu

2025-09-09T16:46:04Z

IolaWatriama22:

{{short description|Bridge of West Bengal over the Ganges}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox bridge
| name = Ishwar Gupta Setu
| native_name = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]-[[Bansberia]] Bridge
| native_name_lang =
| image = Ishwar Gupta Setu over the Hooghly River 02.jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = Ishwar Gupta Setu in 2022
| coordinates = {{coord|22|58|2|N|88|24|27|E|display=inline,title}}
| os_grid_reference =
| carries = Motor vehicles, pedestrians and bicycles
| crosses = [[Hooghly River]]
| locale = [[Bansberia]], [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]], Kolkata Metropolitan Area, [[West Bengal]], India
| official_name = First Iswar Gupta Setu
| other_name = Kalyani Bridge
| named_for = [[Ishwar Chandra Gupta]]
| owner = PWD
| maint = PWD (Roads) Pipulpati, Hooghly Division-II
| heritage =
| id =
| id_type =
| website =
| preceded =
| followed =
| design = Beam Bridge
| material = Pre-Stressed Concrete
| material1 =
| material2 =
| length = {{Convert|1056.25|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| width =
| height =
| depth =
| traversable =
| towpath =
| mainspan =
| number_spans =
| piers_in_water =
| load =
| clearance_above =
| clearance_below =
| life =
| architect =
| designer =
| contracted_designer =
| winner =
| engineering =
| builder =
| fabricator =
| begin =
| complete =
| cost =
| open = {{Start date|1989}}
| inaugurated =
| rebuilt =
| collapsed =
| closed =
| replaces =
| traffic =
| toll =
| map_type =
| map_relief =
| map_dot_label =
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
}}

'''Ishwar Gupta Setu''' ({{Langx|bn|ঈশ্বর গুপ্ত সেতু}}) is a {{Convert|1056.25|m|ft|abbr=on}} long road bridge that crosses the [[Hooghly River]] in [[Bansberia]], [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] and [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]], [[Nadia district|Nadia]] in [[West Bengal]], India. The [[Kalyani Expressway]] crosses the bridge, connecting [[National Highway (India)|National Highway 12]] with [[National Highway (India)|National Highway 19]]. It is named after the 19th‑century Bengali poet [[Ishwar Chandra Gupta]]. The original bridge is a Beam bridge, [[Prestressed concrete|pre‑stressed concrete]] structure carrying a four‑lane, 10.5 m‑wide roadway over a 676 m span of the Hooghly River. Due to increased demand, a second parallel six‑lane [[Cable-stayed bridge|extradosed cable‑stayed bridge]] with seven spans totaling 714 m and a 35 m‑wide deck is now under construction to enhance capacity and resilience.

== History ==
The Ishwar Gupta Setu was named after the famous poet [[Ishwar Chandra Gupta]]. This bridge was commissioned in 1978 and was built between 1981 and 1989 to reduce the traffic of Hooghly and Nadia district. On 6 October 1989, [[Jyoti Basu]], the former [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|Chief Minister of West Bengal]], inaugurated the bridge in Kalyani.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Network|first=N. F. N.|title=Ishwar Gupta Bridge Closed Again After Fresh Cracks|url=https://newsfromnadia.in/ishwar-gupta-bridge-closed-fresh-cracks-detected/|access-date=2020-09-03|website=News from Nadia|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=36 years on, price of strike catches up|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/36-years-on-price-of-strike-catches-up/cid/1458213|access-date=2020-09-03|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> Due to damage to the existing bridge, a [[Second Ishwar Gupta Setu|new Ishwar Gupta Setu]] is currently under construction by the [[West Bengal Highway Development Corporation]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Network|first=N. F. N.|title=New Ishwar Gupta Bridge To Add Beauty To 21Km Long Mogra-Barojaguli Flyover|url=https://newsfromnadia.in/new-ishwar-gupta-bridge-to-add-beauty-to-21km-long-mogra-barojaguli-flyover/|access-date=2020-09-03|website=News from Nadia|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Structure and Specifications ==
The Ishwar Gupta Setu is a Beam Bridge, [[Prestressed concrete|pre‑stressed concrete]] road bridge commissioned by the West Bengal Public Works Department and opened in 1989. Its main structure carries a four‑lane carriageway 10.5 m wide over the Hooghly River on a total bridge‑proper length of 676 m.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT, WEST BENGAL |url=https://pwd.wb.gov.in/bridges |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114070420/https://pwd.wb.gov.in/bridges |archive-date=2025-01-14 |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=pwd.wb.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>

A parallel, extradosed cable‑stayed bridge, '''Second Ishwar Gupta Setu''' is under construction immediately adjacent, designed by [[COWI A/S|COWI]] in collaboration with [[Rail India Technical and Economic Service|RITES]] and built by [[Larsen & Toubro]]. It will be six-lane with a span 714 m in seven spans (including a 120 m main span), carry a 35 m‑wide deck for six traffic lanes, and feature inclined extradosed pylons and stays to reduce deck thickness and enhance aesthetic slenderness.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Min inspects progress work of Kalyani Expressway extension & Ishwar Gupta Setu |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/bengal/min-inspects-progress-work-of-kalyani-expressway-extension-ishwar-gupta-setu-544188 |date=13 December 2023 |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=www.millenniumpost.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/construction-of-iswar-gupta-setu-to-commence-soon-289166|title=Construction of Iswar Gupta Setu to commence soon|last=Millennium-Post|website=www.millenniumpost.in|access-date=2019-02-15}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Ishwar Gupta Setu, Road bridge on Hooghly River 03.jpg
Ishwar Gupta Setu, Road bridge on Hooghly River 05.jpg
Ishwar Gupta Setu, Road bridge on Hooghly River 09.jpg
Ishwar Gupta Setu over the Hooghly River 07.jpg
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Bridges in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Hooghly district]]
[[Category:Bridges completed in 1989]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

Vanita Jagdeo Borade

2025-07-13T09:22:28Z

IolaWatriama22: created initial info more to come!

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Short description|Indian conservationist (born 1975)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vanita Jagdeo Borade
| image = Nari Shakti Puraskar to Vanita Jagdeo Borade (cropped).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Borade in 2022
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1975|05|25}}
| birth_place =
| years_active =
| known_for = Rescuing snakes
| awards = [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]] (2020)
}}
'''Vanita Jagdeo Borade''' (born 25 May 1975) is an Indian conservationist and the founder of the Soyre Vanchare Multipurpose Foundation, which works in wildlife protection. She specializes in rescuing snakes and has been recognized as "India's first woman snake friend". Borade received the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]] from the Indian government in recognition of her conservation efforts.

==Personal life==
Vanita Jagdeo Borade was born on 25 May 1975.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pandey |first1=Bhavna |title=राष्ट्रपति ने सांप को रेसक्‍यू करने वाली देश की पहली महिला बचावकर्ता वनिता जगदेव को दिया नारी शक्ति सम्‍मान |trans-title= President gave Nari Shakti Samman to Vanita Jagdev, the country's first woman snake rescuer|url=https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/india/president-honored-the-country-s-first-woman-rescuer-vanitha-jagdev-borade-with-the-nari-shakti-award-668352.html |access-date=30 April 2022 |work=Oneindia |date=8 March 2022 |language=hi}}</ref> She lives with her husband in [[Buldhana]] in the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="FPJ" /><ref name="N18">{{cite news |title=वश में किए 51 हजार नाग... ये हैं 'नाग मोहिनी' |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/ajab-gajab/viral-know-about-snake-catcher-vanita-borade-from-maharashtra-1136982.html |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=News18 हिंदी |date=14 October 2017 |language=hi |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310162725/https://hindi.news18.com/dlxczavtqcctuei/news18/comscore/pv-candidate.html?252939 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
Borade learned to be at ease with wildlife as she was brought up on a farm, with friends who shared her interest in the local environment.<ref name="gov">{{Cite web |title=Nari Shakti Puraskars honour Nari Shakti's triumph over social, economic and physical challenges |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1804998 |access-date=12 March 2022 |website=Press Information Bureau}}</ref> She began catching venomous snakes at the age of twelve without ever being bitten.<ref name="N18" /> She founded the Soyre Vanchare Multipurpose Foundation, an environmental organization focusing on preventing pollution and protecting wildlife.<ref name=orissa>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=Leaders cut across political lines to hail Indian women achievers |url=https://www.orissapost.com/leaders-cut-across-political-lines-to-hail-indian-women-achievers/ |access-date=30 April 2022 |website=Orissa Post}}</ref> Having rescued more than 50,000 snakes,<ref name="FPJ"/> Borade has been included in ''[[Guinness World Records]]''.<ref name="gov" /> She is particularly compassionate towards snakes, but also has experience with [[honeybee]]s.<ref name="gov" />

Borade has taught others how to treat snake bites,<ref name="FPJ">{{cite news |title=3 Maharashtra women honoured with Nari Shakti Puraskar including 'First woman snake-rescuer of India' |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/3-maharashtra-women-honoured-with-nari-shakti-puraskar-including-first-woman-snake-rescuer-of-india |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Free Press Journal |date=8 March 2022 |language=en |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310162717/https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/3-maharashtra-women-honoured-with-nari-shakti-puraskar-including-first-woman-snake-rescuer-of-india |url-status=live }}</ref> and aimed to reduce [[ophidiophobia]] (a fear of snakes) by providing realistic information about snakes: only ten percent of snakes in India are venomous, and every hospital has freely available [[antivenom]] drugs.<ref name="gov" />

== Awards and recognition ==
[[India Post]] recognized Borade's achievements by issuing a stamp with her portrait.<ref name="NIE">{{cite news |title=Snake rescuer, organic farmer, entrepreneur - 29 women conferred Nari Shakti award |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/mar/08/snake-rescuer-organic-farmer-entrepreneur---29-women-conferred-nari-shakti-award-2427750.html |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=The New Indian Express |date=8 March 2022 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308113823/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/mar/08/snake-rescuer-organic-farmer-entrepreneur---29-women-conferred-nari-shakti-award-2427750.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On [[International Women's Day]] 2022, she received the 2020 [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]], the highest civilian honour for women in India, from President [[Ram Nath Kovind]].<ref name=orissa/><ref name="Tatsat">{{cite news |last=Kainthola |first=Deepanshu |title=President Presents Nari Shakti Puraskar for the Years 2020, 2021 |url=https://tatsatchronicle.com/president-presents-nari-shakti-puraskar-for-the-years-2020-2021/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Tatsat Chronicle |date=8 March 2022 |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309001953/https://tatsatchronicle.com/president-presents-nari-shakti-puraskar-for-the-years-2020-2021/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Locally known as the "snake woman", Borade has been recognized as "India's first woman snake friend".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Deshpande |first=Chaitanya |title='Saanpwali bai' from Buldhana gets prestigious 'Nari Shakti' award|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/saanpwali-bai-from-buldhana-gets-prestigious-nari-shakti-award/articleshow/90086202.cms |access-date=19 April 2022 |website=The Times of India|date=9 March 2022 }}</ref><ref name="Tatsat"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nari Shakti Puraskar}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Borade, Vanita Jagdeo}}
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:People from Buldhana]]
[[Category:Nari Shakti Puraskar winners]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Indian conservationists]]
[[Category:Conservationists]]
[[Category:Postage stamps featuring people]]

Knowledge City

2025-06-29T22:48:21Z

IolaWatriama22:

'''Knowledge City''' may refer to:
* [[Markaz Knowledge City]], a city in Kerala, India
* [[Knowledge Economic City, Medina]], a city in Saudi Arabia
* [[Sino-Singapore Guangzhou Knowledge City station]], a metro station in [[Huangpu, Guangzhou|Huangpu]], [[Guangzhou]], China
{{Disambiguation}}

Kudhar

2025-04-14T19:46:22Z

IolaWatriama22: starting new article

{{Orphan|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kudhar
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Uttar_Pradesh#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.9083669 |N|78.5472952|E|display=inline,title}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Kudhar,+Uttar+Pradesh+207124/@27.9083669,78.5472952,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x3974dc021651be33:0x30da7feeaa40f115!8m2!3d27.9098433!4d78.5717631|title=Google Map, Kudhar}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kasganj district]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| unit_pref = Metric

| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = 2011 census
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 3730
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = Hindi
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = Pin code
| postal_code = 207124<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/pincode/uttar-pradesh/etah/kudhar|title=PIN CODE, Kudhar}}</ref>
| area_code_type = [[Telephone code]]
| area_code = 05744
| iso_code =
| blank1_name_sec2 =
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]
| footnotes =
| official_name = Kudhar
}}

'''Kudhar''' is a large village situated in the [[Kasganj district|Kasganj]] district (Formerly Kasganj Tehsil of Kanshiram Nagar district<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kasganj.nic.in/about-district/|title=About District {{!}} Kasganj {{!}} India|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-08}}</ref>) of Uttar Pradesh, India. According to Population Census 2011, Kudhar village is home to 619 families with a total population of 3730 of which 2032 are males while 1698 are females.

Kudhar has a literacy rate of 53.49%, lower than the Uttar Pradesh average literacy rate of 67.68%: male literacy is 70.25% and female literacy is 32.59%.

Agriculture is the main occupation of villagers.

==Transport==
Kudhar is well linked to other parts of the district by means of both public and private Buses, and Jeep transport. The nearest railway station is [[Kasganj Junction railway station|Kasganj Junction]] which is 17.5 km away. The closest airport is [[Kheria Airport]] situated in Agra(100 km Approx.)

==Education==
There is a Primary government school in Kudhar & higher secondary school named Nawabpur Inter College in the next village Nawabpur.

== References ==
{{reflist}} 
[[Category:Villages in Kasganj district]]

West Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 2021–22

2025-03-21T20:21:12Z

IolaWatriama22: stub

{{short description|International cricket tour}}
{{distinguish|West Indies women's cricket team in Pakistan in 2021–22}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox cricket tour
| series_name = West Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 2021–22
| team1_image = Flag of Pakistan.svg
| team1_name = Pakistan
| team2_image = WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg
| team2_name = West Indies
| from_date = 13
| to_date = 22 December 2021
| team1_captain = [[Babar Azam]]
| team2_captain = [[Shai Hope]] (ODIs) [[Nicholas Pooran]] (T20Is)
| no_of_ODIs = 3
| team1_ODIs_won =
| team2_ODIs_won =
| team1_ODIs_most_runs =
| team2_ODIs_most_runs =
| team1_ODIs_most_wickets =
| team2_ODIs_most_wickets =
| player_of_ODI_series =
| no_of_twenty20s = 3
| team1_twenty20s_won = 3
| team2_twenty20s_won = 0
| team1_twenty20s_most_runs = [[Mohammad Rizwan (cricketer)|Mohammad Rizwan]] (203)
| team2_twenty20s_most_runs = [[Brandon King (cricketer)|Brandon King]] (111)
| team1_twenty20s_most_wickets = [[Mohammad Wasim (cricketer, born 2001)|Mohammad Wasim]] (8)
| team2_twenty20s_most_wickets = [[Odean Smith]] (4) [[Romario Shepherd]] (4)
| player_of_twenty20_series = [[Mohammad Rizwan (cricketer)|Mohammad Rizwan]] (Pak)
}}

The [[West Indies cricket team]] toured Pakistan in December 2021 to play three [[One Day International]] (ODI) and three [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/cricket/complete-2021-schedule-of-pakistan-cricket-team-including-t20-world-cup-in-india-1.1138121 |title=Complete 2021 schedule of Pakistan cricket team including T20 World Cup in India |work=The National |date=31 December 2020 |access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pcb.com.pk/press-release-detail/outcomes-of-pcb-cricket-committee-meeting-2.html |title=Outcomes of PCB Cricket Committee meeting |work=Pakistan Cricket Board |date=10 January 2014 |access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref> The ODI series would have formed part of the inaugural [[2020–23 ICC Cricket World Cup Super League]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/742337 |title=Schedule for inaugural World Test Championship announced |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/06/20/6dc2c8d4-e1a5-4dec-94b4-7121fab3cd7f/ICC_Tours.pdf |title=Men's Future Tours Programme |access-date=11 October 2019 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref> The fixtures for the tour were confirmed in November 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.windiescricket.com/news/west-indies-set-for-six-match-t20i-and-odi-tour-of-pakistan-december-13-to-22/ |title=West Indies set for six-match T20I and ODI tour of Pakistan – December 13 to 22 |work=Cricket West Indies |access-date=4 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pcb.com.pk/press-release-detail/details-of-west-indies-tour-of-pakistan-confirmed.html |title= Details of West Indies tour of Pakistan confirmed |work=Pakistan Cricket Board |date= 10 January 2014 |access-date=4 November 2021}}</ref> Prior to the tour, the West Indies women's team also [[West Indies women's cricket team in Pakistan in 2021–22|toured Pakistan]] to play three matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2300438 |title=West Indies Women to tour Pakistan for three ODIs |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=21 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pcb.com.pk/press-release-detail/west-indies-women-to-play-three-odis-in-karachi.html |title= West Indies Women to play three ODIs in Karachi |work=Pakistan Cricket Board |date= 10 January 2014 |access-date=21 October 2021}}</ref>

During the T20I series, multiple cases of [[COVID-19]] were confirmed in the West Indies team and support staff.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2418265 |title=Further five West Indies tour members test positive for COVID-19 |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=16 December 2021}}</ref> Despite the T20I matches going ahead as planned, both cricket boards agreed to postpone the ODI series [[West Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 2022|until June 2022]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.windiescricket.com/news/joint-statement-pcb-and-cwi/ |title=Joint statement by PCB and CWI |work=Cricket West Indies |access-date=16 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pcb.com.pk/press-release-detail/joint-statement-by-pcb-and-cwi.html |title= Joint statement by PCB and CWI |work=Pakistan Cricket Board |date= 10 January 2014 |access-date=16 December 2021}}</ref>

[[Kieron Pollard]] was ruled out of the tour due to an injury he suffered at the [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pcb.com.pk/press-release-detail/west-indies-captain-kieron-pollard-ruled-out-of-pakistan-tour-due-to-injury.html |title=West Indies Captain Kieron Pollard ruled out of Pakistan tour due to injury |work=Pakistan Cricket Board |date=10 January 2014 |access-date=5 December 2021}}</ref> [[Shai Hope]] and [[Nicholas Pooran]] were named as the captains of the West Indies' ODI and T20I squads respectively in Pollard's absence.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/wi-in-pak-nicholas-pooran-shai-hope-to-lead-west-indies-in-pakistan-after-injury-forces-kieron-pollard-out-1292370 |title=Pooran, Hope to lead West Indies in Pakistan after injury forces Pollard out |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=5 December 2021}}</ref>

Pakistan won the first T20I match by 63 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-in-pakistan-2021-22-1287766/pakistan-vs-west-indies-1st-t20i-1287773/match-report |title=Rizwan, Haider and Shadab lead Pakistan to comprehensive win |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=13 December 2021}}</ref> It was their 18th win in the format in 2021, the most by any team in a single calendar year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/387522-pak-vs-wi-pakistan-becomes-first-team-to-win-18-t20i-matches-in-a-year |title=Pak vs WI: Pakistan become first team to win 18 T20I matches in a year |work=Geo TV |access-date=13 December 2021}}</ref> Pakistan won the second T20I by nine runs, winning the series with one match to play.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1663781/pakistan-beat-west-indies-by-9-runs-in-second-t20i |title=Pakistan beat West Indies by 9 runs in second T20I |work=Dawn |date=14 December 2021 |access-date=14 December 2021}}</ref> Pakistan also won the third T20I, by seven wickets, to win the series 3–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/388031-pak-vs-wi-pakistan-to-batfield-first-as-final-t20i-resumes-after-covid-19-setback |title=Pak vs WI: Babar, Rizwan power Pakistan to series sweep against West Indies |work=Geo TV |access-date=16 December 2021}}</ref> Pakistan's [[Mohammad Rizwan (cricketer)|Mohammad Rizwan]] became the first batter to score 2,000 runs in [[Twenty20]] cricket in a calendar year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/cricket/rizwan-becomes-first-batter-to-score-2000-t20-runs-in-single-calendar-year20211216221818/ |title=Rizwan becomes first batter to score 2,000 T20 runs in single calendar year |work=ANI News |access-date=16 December 2021}}</ref>

==Squads==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:auto"
|-
!colspan=2|ODIs
!colspan=2|T20Is
|-
! {{cr|PAK}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pcb.com.pk/press-release-detail/pakistan-name-squads-for-west-indies-series.html |title=Pakistan name squads for West Indies series |work=Pakistan Cricket Board|date=10 January 2014 | access-date=2 December 2021}}</ref>
! {{cr|WIN}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.windiescricket.com/news/cwi-selection-panel-announces-squads-six-match-white-ball-tour-pakistan/ |title=CWI Selection Panel announces squads for six-match white ball tour of Pakistan |work=Cricket West Indies |access-date=27 November 2021}}</ref>
! {{cr|PAK}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/120094/hasan-ali-sarfaraz-ahmed-imad-wasim-shoaib-malik-left-out-for-west-indies-series-pakistan |title=Hasan Ali, Sarfaraz Ahmed left out for West Indies series |work=CricBuzz |access-date=2 December 2021}}</ref>
! {{cr|WIN}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/384495-pak-vs-wi-west-indies-announce-squad-for-pakistan-tour |title=Pak vs WI: West Indies announce squad for Pakistan tour |work=Geo News |access-date=27 November 2021}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[Babar Azam]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Shadab Khan]] ([[captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]])
* [[Shaheen Afridi]]
* [[Iftikhar Ahmed (cricketer)|Iftikhar Ahmed]]
* [[Asif Ali (cricketer, born 1991)|Asif Ali]]
* [[Haider Ali (cricketer)|Haider Ali]]
* [[Shahnawaz Dahani]]
* [[Mohammad Hasnain]]
* [[Mohammad Nawaz (cricketer)|Mohammad Nawaz]]
* [[Usman Qadir]]
* [[Haris Rauf]]
* [[Mohammad Rizwan (cricketer)|Mohammad Rizwan]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Khushdil Shah]]
* [[Saud Shakeel]]
* [[Imam-ul-Haq]]
* [[Mohammad Wasim (cricketer, born 2001)|Mohammad Wasim Jr]]
* [[Fakhar Zaman (cricketer)|Fakhar Zaman]]
|
*<s>[[Kieron Pollard]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])</s>
* <s>[[Shai Hope]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])</s>
* [[Nicholas Pooran]] ([[Captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]])
* [[Darren Bravo]]
* [[Shamarh Brooks]]
* [[Roston Chase]]
* <s>[[Justin Greaves]]</s>
* <s>[[Akeal Hosein]]</s>
* [[Alzarri Joseph]]
* [[Gudakesh Motie]]
* [[Anderson Phillip]]
* [[Raymon Reifer]]
* [[Romario Shepherd]]
* [[Odean Smith]]
* [[Devon Thomas]]
* [[Hayden Walsh Jr.]]
|
* [[Babar Azam]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Shadab Khan]] ([[captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]])
* [[Iftikhar Ahmed (cricketer)|Iftikhar Ahmed]]
* [[Shaheen Afridi]]
* [[Asif Ali (cricketer, born 1991)|Asif Ali]]
* [[Haider Ali (cricketer)|Haider Ali]]
* [[Shahnawaz Dahani]]
* [[Mohammad Hasnain]]
* [[Mohammad Nawaz (cricketer)|Mohammad Nawaz]]
* [[Usman Qadir]]
* [[Haris Rauf]]
* [[Mohammad Rizwan (cricketer)|Mohammad Rizwan]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Khushdil Shah]]
* [[Mohammad Wasim (cricketer, born 2001)|Mohammad Wasim Jr]]
* [[Fakhar Zaman (cricketer)|Fakhar Zaman]]
|
* <s>[[Kieron Pollard]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])</s>
* [[Nicholas Pooran]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]], [[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Darren Bravo]]
* [[Shamarh Brooks]]
* <s>[[Roston Chase]]</s>
* <s>[[Sheldon Cottrell]]</s>
* [[Dominic Drakes]]
* [[Akeal Hosein]]
* [[Shai Hope]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Brandon King (cricketer)|Brandon King]]
* <s>[[Kyle Mayers]]</s>
* [[Gudakesh Motie]]
* [[Rovman Powell]]
* [[Romario Shepherd]]
* [[Odean Smith]]
* [[Devon Thomas]]
* [[Oshane Thomas]]
* [[Hayden Walsh Jr.]]
|}

[[Abdullah Shafique]] was named as a reserve player in Pakistan's squad.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/385525-pakistan-announces-squads-for-t20i-odi-series-against-west-indies |title=Pakistan announces squads for T20I, ODI series against West Indies |work=Geo TV |access-date=2 December 2021}}</ref> [[Kieron Pollard]] was ruled out of the tour due to a hamstring injury, with [[Devon Thomas]] and [[Rovman Powell]] being named as replacements in the West Indies' ODI and T20I squads respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.windiescricket.com/news/west-indies-captain-kieron-pollard-ruled-out-pakistan-tour-due-injury/ |title=West Indies Captain Kieron Pollard ruled out of Pakistan tour due to injury |work=Cricket West Indies | access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref> [[Sheldon Cottrell]], [[Roston Chase]] and [[Kyle Mayers]] were all ruled out of the West Indies' squad for the T20I matches after testing positive for [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/west-indies-tour-of-pakistan-2021-22-sheldon-cottrell-roston-chase-kyle-mayers-test-positive-for-covid-19-1293157 |title=Cottrell, Chase, Mayers test positive for Covid-19 |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=12 December 2021}}</ref> Ahead of the third T20I, [[Shai Hope]], [[Akeal Hosein]] and [[Justin Greaves]] of the West Indies all tested positive for COVID-19, ruling them out of the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/west-indies-in-pakistan-2021-22-tour-in-doubt-as-shai-hope-akeal-hosein-justin-greaves-test-covid-19-positive-1293474 |title=Tour in doubt as Hope, Hosein and Greaves among five more positive for Covid-19 in West Indies camp |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=16 December 2021}}</ref>

==T20I series==
===1st T20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 13 December 2021
| time = 18:00
| night = Yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| score1 = 200/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mohammad Rizwan (cricketer)|Mohammad Rizwan]] 78 (52)
| wickets1 = [[Romario Shepherd]] 2/43 (4 overs)
| score2 = 137 (19 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shai Hope]] 31 (26)
| wickets2 = [[Mohammad Wasim (cricketer, born 2001)|Mohammad Wasim]] 4/40 (4 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 63 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1287773.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]]
| umpires = [[Aleem Dar]] (Pak) and [[Ahsan Raza]] (Pak)
| motm = [[Haider Ali (cricketer)|Haider Ali]] (Pak)
| toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Shamarh Brooks]] and [[Dominic Drakes]] (WI) both made their T20I debuts.
}}

===2nd T20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 14 December 2021
| time = 18:00
| night = Yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| score1 = 172/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mohammad Rizwan (cricketer)|Mohammad Rizwan]] 38 (30)
| wickets1 = [[Odean Smith]] 2/24 (3 overs)
| score2 = 163 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Brandon King (cricketer)|Brandon King]] 67 (43)
| wickets2 = [[Shaheen Afridi]] 3/26 (4 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 9 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1287774.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]]
| umpires = [[Ahsan Raza]] (Pak) and [[Asif Yaqoob]] (Pak)
| motm = [[Shadab Khan]] (Pak)
| toss = Pakistan won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===3rd T20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 16 December 2021
| time = 18:00
| night = Yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| score1 = 207/3 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nicholas Pooran]] 64 (37)
| wickets1 = [[Mohammad Wasim (cricketer, born 2001)|Mohammad Wasim]] 2/44 (4 overs)
| score2 = 208/3 (18.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mohammad Rizwan (cricketer)|Mohammad Rizwan]] 87 (45)
| wickets2 = [[Odean Smith]] 1/34 (3 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1287775.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]]
| umpires = [[Aleem Dar]] (Pak) and [[Rashid Riaz]] (Pak)
| motm = [[Mohammad Rizwan (cricketer)|Mohammad Rizwan]] (Pak)
| toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Gudakesh Motie]] (WI) made his T20I debut.
* This was Pakistan's [[List of Pakistan Twenty20 International cricket records#Highest successful run chases|highest successful run chase]] in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-in-pakistan-2021-22-1287766/pakistan-vs-west-indies-3rd-t20i-1287775/match-report |title=Mohammad Rizwan, Babar Azam lead Pakistan to 3-0 sweep |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=16 December 2021}}</ref>
}}

==ODI series==
===1st ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 18 December 2021
| time = 13:00
| daynight = Yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| score1 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| score2 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result =
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1287776.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]]
| umpires = [[Aleem Dar]] (Pak) and [[Asif Yaqoob]] (Pak)
| motm =
| toss =
| round =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===2nd ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 20 December 2021
| time = 13:00
| daynight = Yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| score1 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| score2 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result =
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1287777.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]]
| umpires = [[Aleem Dar]] (Pak) and [[Ahsan Raza]] (Pak)
| motm =
| toss =
| round =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===3rd ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 22 December 2021
| time = 13:00
| daynight = Yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| score1 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| score2 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result =
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1287778.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]]
| umpires = [[Aleem Dar]] (Pak) and [[Rashid Riaz]] (Pak)
| motm =
| toss =
| round =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-in-pakistan-2021-22-1287766 Series home at ESPN Cricinfo]

{{International cricket tours of Pakistan}}
{{International cricket in 2021–22}}
{{2020–23 ICC Cricket World Cup Super League}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:West Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 2021-22}}
[[Category:2021 in Pakistani cricket]]
[[Category:2021 in West Indian cricket]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in 2021–22]]
[[Category:West Indian cricket tours of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Cricket events curtailed due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]

Kishun Kumar Das

2025-03-17T16:45:13Z

IolaWatriama22: starting a biography

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian politician
| office = Member of [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Simaria Assembly constituency|Simaria]]
| term_start = 2019
| predecessor = [[Ganesh Ganjhu]]
| profession = Politician
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| successor = [[Kumar Ujjwal]]
| term_end = 2024
}}
'''Kishun Kumar Das''' (born 1970) is an Indian politician from [[Jharkhand]]. He is an MLA from [[Simaria Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community, in [[Chatra district]]. He won the [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]], representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-23 |title=Simaria Election Result 2019: BJP's Kishun Kumar Das wins |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/jharkhand-assembly-election/story/simaria-result-live-updates-1630762-2019-12-23 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He was not given a ticket for the 2024 Assembly election by BJP.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-21 |title=Sitting Simaria MLA benched, BJP picks ex-legislator’s son |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/bjp-picks-ujjwal-das-over-sitting-mla-kishun-kumar-das-for-simaria-assembly-poll/articleshow/114407049.cms |access-date=2024-10-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Das is from [[Simaria block|Simaria]], Chatra district, Jharkhand. He is the son of Badhan Ram. He completed his graduation in 1991 at Vananchal College, Tandva. His wife is an anganwadi worker.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kishun Kumar Das(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SIMARIA (SC)(CHATRA ) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/jharkhand2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=11793 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Das won from Simaria Assembly constituency representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the 2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election. He polled 61,438 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Manoj Kumar Chandra of [[All Jharkhand Students Union]], by a margin of 10,996 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-23 |title=Simaria Election Result 2019: BJP's Kishun Kumar Das wins |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/jharkhand-assembly-election/story/simaria-result-live-updates-1630762-2019-12-23 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-23 |title=Simaria (Jharkhand) Assembly Election Results 2019 Live: Winner, Runner-up |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/simaria-jharkhand-assembly-election-chunav-results-2019-live-winner-name-runner-up-6177048/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Simaria Constituency Election Results 2019: Simaria Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/jharkhand/constituency-show/simaria |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Das, Kishun Kumar}}

[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:People from Chatra district]]

Cinema Express

2025-03-14T08:14:10Z

IolaWatriama22: improved information also and corrected details for clarity

{{short description|Indian Tamil-language entertainment fortnightly magazine, since 1980}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2016}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox magazine
| title = Cinema Express
| logo = Centre_Express_logo.png
| image_file = Cinema Express 16 February 2016 issue.jpg
| image_caption = Magazine cover of ''Cinema Express'' 16 February 2016 featuring actress [[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]]
| editor =
| frequency = Fortnightly
| circulation =
| category = Cinema news
| company = [[The New Indian Express|The New Indian Express Group]]
| founded = 1980
| firstdate = {{Start date|df=y|1980|01|18}}
| finaldate = {{End date|df=y|2016|02|16}}
| country = India
| based = [[Chennai]]
| language = Tamil
| website = {{URL|http://www.cinemaexpress.com/}}
| issn =
}}

'''''Cinema Express''''' was an Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[entertainment]] [[fortnightly]] [[magazine]] published from [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu. It was a part of [[The New Indian Express|The New Indian Express Group]], which also publishes ''[[Samakalika Malayalam Vaarika]]'' weekly as well as ''[[Dinamani]]'' and ''[[Kannada Prabha]]'' newspapers. The ''Cinema Express'' brand is now used for the film industry coverage of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' regardless of language.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cinema Express |url=https://www.kooapp.com/profile/XpressCinema |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=[[KooApp]] |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004095659/https://www.kooapp.com/profile/XpressCinema |url-status=live }}</ref>

''Cinema Express'' also honoured artistic excellence of professionals in the [[Indian film]] industry through the [[Cinema Express Awards]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/Storyold/112784/ |title=Cinema Express awards presented |work=The Indian Express |date=24 August 1998 |accessdate=4 October 2016 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629114826/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/cinema-express-awards-presented-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/oct/15meera.htm |title=Movies: Meena wins award for best actress |work=Rediff.com |date=15 October 2001 |accessdate=4 October 2016 |archive-date=18 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018134128/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/oct/15meera.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The published version was discontinued in February 2016, in favour of an online magazine.

==History==
''Cinema Express'' came out with their first issue on 10 January 1980 and had the last on 16 February 2016.<ref name="business-standard">{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/new-indian-express-group-shuts-36-year-old-fortnightly-magazine-116022200333_1.html|title=The New Indian Express Group shuts 36-year-old fortnightly Cinema Express|work=Business Standard|date=22 February 2016|accessdate=19 September 2016|archive-date=19 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919085423/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/new-indian-express-group-shuts-36-year-old-fortnightly-magazine-116022200333_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The magazine was priced at [[Indian Rupee|₹]]15 when publication ceased.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Cinema Express|date=16 February 2016| language=Tamil|journal=The New Indian Express Group}}</ref> Afterwards, The New Indian Express Group used the name ''Cinema Express'' for the online magazine that publishes information related to cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/XpressCinema |access-date=2024-01-30 |via=Facebook |archive-date=6 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106194148/https://www.facebook.com/XpressCinema |url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Cinema Express Awards]]
*[[Cinema Express Awards – 1988]]
*[[Cinema Express Award for Best Film – Tamil]]
*[[Cinema Express Award for Best Actor – Tamil]]
*[[Cinema Express Award for Best Actress – Tamil]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.cinemaexpress.com/ ''Cinema Express'' Website]
*[http://epaper.cinemaexpress.com/ Epaper] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128173333/http://www.epaper.cinemaexpress.com/ |date=28 November 2020 }}

[[Category:1980 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2016 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Defunct magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Film magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Biweekly magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1980]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablished in 2016]]
[[Category:Mass media in Chennai]]
[[Category:Tamil-language magazines]]

{{entertainment-mag-stub}}