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Raja and Radha Reddy

2026-05-03T13:30:13Z

IolaBrookshire: New!

{{Short description|Kuchipudi dancers pair}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Raja and Radha Reddy
| image = The Director General, Films Division, Shri Kuldeep Sinha felicitated Shri Raja and Radha, Kuchipudi Couple dancer, at the DANCING FEET Films on Classical Dances & Gurus, during the IFFI-2010, in Panjim, Goa.jpg
| caption = Raja (middle) and Radha Reddy (right), being felicitated at [[International Film Festival of India|IFFI]] ([[41st International Film Festival of India|2010]])
| birth_date = '''Raja Reddy''' {{birthdate and age| 6 October 1943|df=yes}} Narsapur(g), [[hyderabad state]] '''Radha Reddy''' {{birthdate and age|15 February 1955|df=yes}} [[Adilabad district|Kotalgaon]], [[Hyderabad State (1948–1956)|Hyderabad State]], India
| field = [[Indian Classical Dance]]
| movement = [[Kuchipudi]]
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] 
[[Padma Bhushan]](2000)
| website = {{url|rajaradhareddy.com}}
}}

'''Raja''' (born 6 October 1943) and '''Radha Reddy''' (born 15 February 1955) are an Indian [[Kuchipudi]] dancing couple, [[guru]]s and choreographers. They are renowned as exponents of the South Indian dance form of [[Kuchipudi]]. They founded and run the Natya Tarangini Institute of Kuchipudi Dance in New Delhi. The duo are credited with having given Kuchipudi a new dimension without compromising on its traditional virtues.<ref>{{cite news|title=Stellar Kuchipudi|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/dance/article1466422.ece?css=print|access-date=31 January 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=18 February 2011|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518172000/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/dance/article15448491.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="thehindu">{{cite news|title=Doctor dancers|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article484421.ece?css=print|access-date=31 January 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=25 June 2010|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518171946/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Doctor-dancers/article16266811.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> For their services to the field of arts, the [[Government of India]] has conferred on them the [[Padma Shri]] and [[Padma Bhushan]] awards.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=ARTISTE'S PROFILE — Raja Reddy|url=http://www.ccrtindia.gov.in/RajaReddy.htm|publisher=Centre for Cultural Resources and Training|access-date=31 January 2013|archive-date=6 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306011159/http://www.ccrtindia.gov.in/RajaReddy.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=ARTISTE'S PROFILE — Radha Reddy|url=http://www.ccrtindia.gov.in/RadhaReddy.htm|publisher=Centre for Cultural Resources and Training|access-date=31 January 2013|archive-date=18 February 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130218102416/http://www.ccrtindia.gov.in/RadhaReddy.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Early life and family==
Raja Reddy was born on 6 October 1943 in Narasapur(g){{clarification needed|reason=Whether the source refers to [[Narasapuram]], West Godavari district or [[Narsapur, Adilabad district]]|date=March 2022}},<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-04-21|title=Connoisseurs of kuchipudi|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/243762/connoisseurs-kuchipudi.html|access-date=2021-05-18|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref> while Radha Reddy was born on 15 February 1955 in Kotalgaon, [[Adilabad district]] of present-day [[Telangana]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Raja and Radha Reddy|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100408962|access-date=2021-05-18|website=Oxford Reference}}</ref>

Raja Reddy holds a Diploma in Choreography and has a bachelor's degree from the [[Osmania University]]. Radha Reddy also has a Diploma in Choreography. In 2010 the duo were conferred honorary doctorates by the [[University of Hyderabad]] for their contributions to Kuchipudi.<ref name="thehindu" /> Raja Reddy is married to Radha and her sister Kaushalya, also a Kuchipudi dancer.<ref>{{cite web|title=ARTISTE'S PROFILE — Kaushalya Reddy|url=http://ccrtindia.gov.in/KaushalyaReddy.htm|publisher=Centre for Cultural Resources and Training|access-date=31 January 2013|archive-date=17 February 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217221148/http://ccrtindia.gov.in/KaushalyaReddy.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="blogs.hindustantimes">{{cite news|title=About Raja Reddy, his dance and two wives|url=http://blogs.hindustantimes.com/just-people/2009/04/14/about-raja-reddy-his-dance-and-two-wives/|access-date=31 January 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|archive-date=10 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210144250/http://blogs.hindustantimes.com/just-people/2009/04/14/about-raja-reddy-his-dance-and-two-wives/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Raja Radha Reddy and Kaushalya have two children [[Yamini Reddy|Yamini]] and [[Bhavana Reddy]], also Kuchipudi dancers.<ref name="blogs.hindustantimes" />

==Performing career==
Raja Reddy's interest in Kuchipudi began in childhood as he watched performances of Kuchipudi [[Bhagavatam]] by touring folk troupes in his home district of [[Adilabad district|Adilabad]] and later reached a turning point after he saw a performance of Vyjayanthimala’s ''Nagin''.<ref name="hindu">{{cite news|title=Kuchipudi ambassadors|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/12/19/stories/2008121950440300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304000034/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/12/19/stories/2008121950440300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2009|access-date=31 January 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 December 2008}}</ref> Radha followed him into Kuchipudi after their wedding. The duo learnt Kuchipudi under their [[guru]] Vedantam Prahalada Sarma of [[Eluru]]. In 1966, on a [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] scholarship, they went to [[Delhi]] where they studied choreography and other stage arts under Guru [[Maya Rao]] at Natya Ballet Centre.<ref name="thehindu_a">{{cite news|title=Constant change|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/dance/constant-change/article3844160.ece|access-date=31 January 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=31 August 2012}}</ref> Their talent was soon noted and they were invited to dance with doyen of the time including [[Indrani Rehman]]. Their first big break came in 1970 when their performance at the Theatre Tamil Nadu was widely well reviewed and received.<ref name="hindu_a">{{cite news|title=Dedicated to Kuchipudi|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2011/02/18/stories/2011021850150300.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216055131/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2011/02/18/stories/2011021850150300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 February 2013|access-date=31 January 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 February 2011}}</ref> Their performances were also noted by the then [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Minister for Tourism]], [[Dr. Karan Singh]] and by [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Indira Gandhi]] who allotted them a house in Delhi after witnessing their performance during the celebrations of [[Children's Day|Nehru's birth anniversary]].<ref name="hindu" /><ref name="thehindu_a" /> They have since gone on to perform at venues all over the globe. Raja trained students with [[hearing impairment|hearing]] and [[speech impairment]] and at the Blind Relief Association. He has also set to dance a piece based on three poems of former [[President of India|President]] [[APJ Abdul Kalam]].<ref>{{cite news|title=No obstacles to dance|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2005/11/13/stories/2005111300390500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824181702/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2005/11/13/stories/2005111300390500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 August 2007|access-date=31 January 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=13 November 2005}}</ref> In their careers spanning over five decades and still counting, Drs.Raja and Radha Reddy are the first Indian dancers to perform in the International Dance Festival of Avignon in France and Salzburg (Austria) and the Festivals of India in the USA, UK and Bangladesh. In Ja Radha Reddy inaugurated the "Play House Theatre" in Durban (South Africa) when it was opened to general public post-apartheid, they performed on Mississippi river for the Late President Ford (facilitated by T.N Kaul, then Indian Ambassador to the US) and a galaxy of notable personalities across the globe. They have been conferred India's highest civilian awards Padma Shree and Padma Bhushan, Sangeet Natak Akademi and Nritya Choodamani Awards. They choreographed for the tree of knowledge segment in the [[Commonwealth Games]] opening ceremony in [[Delhi 2010]].{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

==Natya Tarangini==
Raja and Radha started the Natya Tarangini Institute of Kuchipudi dance, which is located in the [[Saket (Delhi)|Saket]] locality of New Delhi.<ref name="thehindu_a" /> The institute trains students in classical dance, music, [[yoga]] and [[Sanskrit]]. The institute also has a mini auditorium, an art gallery and hostel facility on its premises.<ref name="hindu_a" /> The Institute hosts the annual dance and music festival, Parampara Series<ref>{{cite news|title=Fun and fervour|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/dance/fun-and-fervour/article566680.ece|access-date=31 January 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=12 August 2010}}</ref> as well as the Shreyasi International Dance Festival which showcases artistes drawn from across the world. The Moscow Classical Ballet, the [[Paul Taylor Dance Company]], [[flamenco]] dancer Jose Porcel and [[whirling dervishes]] are among the groups that have performed at the festival.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lovers of dance in for a treat|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/15/stories/2011021558080200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110219054401/http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/15/stories/2011021558080200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 February 2011|access-date=31 January 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=15 February 2011}}</ref>

[[File:The Director General, Films Division, Shri Kuldeep Sinha, Ms. Bharti Shiraji, Ms. Padma Subramaniyam, Ms. Uma Sharma, Mr. Raja.jpg|thumb|right|225px|Raja and Radha Reddy (right), at [[International Film Festival of India|IFFI]] ([[41st International Film Festival of India|2010]]) Open Forum]]

==Awards==
* [[Padma Shri]] in 1984<ref name="auto">https://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/citation_popup.php?id=779&at=2 {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref><ref>https://natyatarangini.in/welcome/attachment/dr-raja-reddy-receiving-padma-shree-award/ {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>
* [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2000<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Name=raja+reddy|title=Padma Awards | Interactive Dashboard|website=www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in|access-date=18 May 2021|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518171947/http://www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Name=raja+reddy|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]<ref name="auto"/>
* Lifetime Achievement Award — The Rotary Club Delhi
* Doctorates by the [[University of Hyderabad]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.rajaradhareddy.com The Reddys' website]

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship|state=collapsed}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, Raja and Radha}}
[[Category:Kuchipudi dancers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Osmania University alumni]]
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Adilabad district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Dancers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Dance duos]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:Women artists from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Indian dance groups]]

Kya Qusoor Hai Amala Ka?

2026-05-03T12:18:03Z

IolaBrookshire: New A Info W/ Infobox

{{short description|Indian Hindi-language television series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kya_Qusoor_Hai_Amala_Ka-serial.jpg
| caption = 
| genre = [[Indian soap opera]]
| creator = Andrew Timm
| based_on =
| writer = Ritu bhatia (dialogue)
| director = Nandita Mehra
| creative_director = Phuthi Nakene
| starring = [[Pankhuri Awasthy Rode]]
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme = "Kya Qusoor Tha Mera?" by [[Rekha Bhardwaj]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 156
| producer = Phuthi Nakene Thabo Pitso
| location =
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 24 minutes
| company = 24-Frames Media
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2017|4|3|}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2017|9|30}}
| story = [[Vedat Türkali]]
| channel = [[Star Plus]]
| related = ''[[Fatmagül'ün Suçu Ne?]]''
}}

'''''Kya Qusoor Hai Amala Ka?''''' ({{translation}}''What Is Amala's Fault?'') is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language drama television series, which started telecasting from 3 April 2017 on [[Star Plus]]. ''Kya Qusoor Hai Amala Ka'' is an adaptation of the Turkish drama series ''[[Fatmagül'ün Suçu Ne?]]'',<ref name="Mirror adaptation">{{cite news |last1=Coutinho |first1=Natasha |title=From Turkey, with a desi twist |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/from-turkey-with-a-desi-twist/articleshow/57762820.cms |access-date=31 January 2021 |work=Mumbai Mirror |date=22 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Gaurav|last1=Laghate|date=27 February 2017|title=Star Plus to reboot afternoon slot with 4 new shows - The Economic Times|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/star-plus-to-reboot-afternoon-slot-with-4-new-shows/articleshow/57378471.cms|accessdate=27 February 2017|work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> which tackles the sensitive subject of sexual violence faced by women. The series is produced by 24 Frames Media.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kya Qusoor Hai Amala Ka character is unconventional and a huge responsibility: Pankhuri Awasthy|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/kya-qusoor-hai-amala-ka-pankhuri-awasthy-character-is-unconventional-fatmagul-4550768/|accessdate=2 March 2017|publisher=Indian Express}}</ref><ref name=24frames>{{cite news|title=Star Plus strengthens afternoon slot with four new shows|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/star-plus-strengthens-afternoon-slot-with-four-new-shows/articleshow/57378149.cms|accessdate=27 February 2017|publisher=[[Times of India]]}}</ref> The series ended on 30 September 2017 with the discontinuation of the Star Plus afternoon programming block.<ref name="IE end date">{{cite news|title=Star Dopahar to call it a day, all shows to end on September 30|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/star-dopahar-to-call-it-a-day-all-shows-to-end-on-september-30-tv-news-4834240/|accessdate=19 September 2017|publisher=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Amala is a young and beautiful town girl, who lives in a small town of [[Dharamshala]]. She lost her parents at an early age, thus she lives with her elder brother Raghu and his wife Mandkini. She is engaged to her childhood friend Dev and is waiting to get married. She dreams of having her own house, where she can live her life according to her will.

Abeer is a well mannered guy who lives with his adoptive mother Karuna, who is a healer of herbal medicines.
One night, Amala on the way to see off her fiancé who is departing for a working trip was caught and gang-raped by Abeer's rich friends Suveer, Evan and Viraj under the influence of drugs & alcohol. While Abeer is unaware of the reality, he finds himself guilty for the incident.

Abeer is forced to marry Amala by the powerful family of his rich friends. Amala and Abeer move to Mumbai, after marriage, to start a new life. Raghu and Mandakini, along with their kid Mannu, reach Mumbai to stay with Amala and Abeer. They are later joined by Abeer's adoptive mother, Karuna. Dev too reaches Mumbai with a motive to seek answers to his questions from Amala. He calls Abeer and threatens to kill him as he snatched away his love from him. Amala falls ill and Mando is suspicious if she is pregnant. Amala performs the test at home, and it comes out to be positive. This comes as a shock to them with Amala in a deep pain, and Abeer tensed, not knowing what to do. Karuna takes Amala to the hospital to get the test done again. The reports come out negative, and it is revealed that Amala is not pregnant, which comes as a relief to everyone. Fearing that Dev might turn into a criminal by taking his vengeance from Amala's culprits, Amala asks Abeer to leave her forever as she doesn't want him to destroy Dev's life, like he destroyed her life. Abeer wants to leave Amala and move abroad, for her own good, but at the same time his increasing concern and love for Amala is shown. A guilt-stricken Viraj tells Abeer the truth of his innocence, and him not being a rapist like them, on realising how he betrayed his own friend due to his selfishness. Abeer gets heartbroken by the truth, and later, decides to tell this to Amala. After several unrewarding attempts to express his innocence to Amala, Abeer gets successful in telling her this truth, but Amala ends up blaming him more. She tells how him and his friends have broken her beyond repair. She says that she hates herself and her life, and also, she has nothing but hatred for him too.
Mando & Karuna leave for Dharamshala. Abeer accompanies Amala for her nephew's school admission. He convinces the principal to give the child a seat in the school. On their way back, Dev sees Amala but does not approach her.
Abeer is slowly falling in love with Amala despite her hatred for him. The next day Raghu is lost in the shopping mall and Abeer goes looking for him.
Meanwhile, Evan and Viraj are out of jail. Viraj is guilt stricken and resorts to drinking to forget his crimes. Surveer & Mahi's wedding is postponed by Manvendar. Mahi wants to find out the truth so she goes to Amla. After Abeer supports Amla, she finally gets the courage to expose her rapists because she does not want Mahi's life to get ruined because she didn't tell her the truth. At this time, Evaan has figured out that Amla is coming to expose them, he hires goons to come and kill Abeer and Amla. Abeer and Amla successfully fight the goons back and they reach the wedding venue, the Malik house. There the Maliks have set up extra security in order for them to not enter the wedding. Amla successfully exposes the three rapists and the wedding is called off. Later Evaan marries Mahi to revenge from Rishan. Also Amla files a case against Evaan, Suveer, and Viraj. Abeer has no action taken against him because he was innocent and he supported Amla. All three of the guys and sentenced to life time imprisonment. Rishan Malik, Suveer's father, shoots himself because of his sons actions and the humiliation he would have to face. Amla finally gets justice and Abeer and Amla live happily together.

== Production ==
Popular Turkish series ''[[Fatmagül'ün Suçu Ne?]]'' was dubbed in [[Hindi]] and broadcast in India in 2016 on [[Zindagi TV]] after the success of teen-age romance drama ''[[Adını Feriha Koydum|Feriha]]''. Both the series achieved a rating success which in turn caused many other popular Turkish shows like ''[[Kuzey Güney|Kuzey Guney]]'', ''[[Bir Aşk Hikâyesi (A Love Story)|A Love Story]]'' and ''[[Little Lord]]'' to be shown in India in dubbed form. Subsequently 24 Frames television production company acquired rights of the series from ''Eccho Rights'' to be remade in India with show's original creators giving important input for the remake.<ref>{{cite news|first=Priyanka|last=Sharma|title=Turkish drama Fatmagul set for an Indian remake titled Kya Kasoor Hai Amla Ka|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/turkish-drama-fatmagul-indian-remake-kya-kasoor-hai-amla-ka-star-plus-4546638/|accessdate=27 February 2017|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> The show was developed by Purnendu Shekhar, Nandita Mehra and [[Bhairavi Raichura]] of 24 Frames.<ref name=24frames/> The initial phase of the show is set in [[Dharamshala]] and the crew shot on location for a month in [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref name=Dharmshala>{{cite news|title=Kya Kasoor Hai Amla Ka actor Pankhuri Awasthy feels lucky to play substantial characters|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/kya-kasoor-hai-amla-ka-actor-pankhuri-awasthy-feels-lucky-to-play-substantial-characters-4575958/|accessdate=19 March 2017|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>[[Pankhuri Awasthy Rode]] of [[Razia Sultan (TV series)|Razia Sultan]] fame was cast as the lead role of Amala (Fatmagul) and debutant [[Rajveer Singh (Actor)|Rajveer Singh]] was cast as the male lead role of Abeer (Kerim).<ref name=Dharmshala/>

[[Amitabh Bacchan]] provided monologue for the series and appeared in a promo promoting the show and speaking about awareness of how victims of rape are constantly ostracised.<ref>{{cite news|title='Only rapist don't commit rape..', see Amitabh Bachchan's take on this|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-only-rapist-dont-commit-rape-see-amitabh-bachchans-take-on-this-amitabh-bachchan-big-b-jaya-bachchan-star-plus-376960|accessdate=13 April 2017|publisher=India TV News}}</ref>

==Cast==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Actor !! Role !! Based on !! Description
|-
| [[Pankhuri Awasthy]]|| Amala || Fatmagul Ketenci Ilgaz || Amala was raped by Evan, Suveer and Viraj. Was in love with Dev; they were engaged. Later, forced by her family, she marries Abeer. Raghu's younger sister. Manu's aunt. Mandakini sister-in-law.
|-
| [[Rajveer Singh (Actor)|Rajveer Singh]]|| Abeer Anand || Kerim Ilgaz || Abeer falls in love with Amala after marrying her when forced by the rapists to take upon the blame of the rape incident. Later supports her in the fight against her rapists.
|-
| [[Anant V Joshi]] || Dev || Mustafa Nalçali || Hemraj and Pushpa's son. He falls in love with Amala, and they were engaged, but after the rape he leaves her. Swore vengeance on the rapists and Abeer.
|-
| [[Vaibhavi Upadhyay]] || Esha || Asu/Hacer Ovacık Nalçali || Worked as an escort.
|-
| Siddharth Sen || Evan Malik || Erdoğan Yaşaran || Amala's rapist. Raunak and Hema's son. Rishan's nephew. Suveer's cousin. Viraj's friend.Mahi's husband.
|-
| [[Fahmaan Khan]] || Suveer Malik || Selim Yaşaran || Amala's rapist. Rishan and Pallavi's son. Raunak's nephew. Evan's cousin. Viraj's friend. Mahi's fiancé.
|-
| [[Rajesh Khattar]] || Rishan Malik<ref>{{cite news|title=TV couple Rajesh Khattar and Vandana Sajnani to star in Fatmagul remake|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/TV-couple-Rajesh-Khattar-and-Vandana-Sajnani-to-star-in-Fatmagul-remake/articleshow/57277047.cms|accessdate=21 February 2017|publisher=[[Times of India]]}}</ref>|| Reşat Yaşaran || Raunak's younger brother. Pallavi's husband. Suveer's father. Evan's uncle.
|-
| Purva Parag || Karuna || Meryem Aksoy / Pakalın ("Ebe Nine") || Abeer's adoptive aunt who raised him after his mother's death. Healer of herbal medicine.
|-
| Vijay Tilani || Viraj || Vural Namli || Amala's rapist. Evan and Suveer's friend.
|-
| Vandana Sajnani || Pallavi Malik || Perihan Yaşaran || Rishan's wife. Suveer's mother. Evan's aunt.
|-
| [[Akshay Anand]] || Viren Asthana || Münir Telci || Maliks' Lawyer. Rishan's brother-in-law. Pallavi's brother.
|-
| Kasturi Banerjee || Hema Malik || Hilmiye Yaşaran || Raunak's wife. Evan's mother. Suveer's aunt.
|-
|Deepak Kripalani
|Raunak Malik
|Rıfat Yaşaran
|Evan's father. Hema's husband. Rishan's brother.
|-
| Neha Saraf || Mandakini aka Mando || Mukkades Ketenci || Amala's sister-in-law. Dislikes Amala. Married to Raghu.
|-
| [[Kavin Dave]] || Raghu || Rahmi Ketenci || Amala's brother. Loves his sister a lot. Married to Mandakini.
|-
| Suparna Krishna
| Mahi || Meltem Alagöz || Evan's wife. Suveer's ex-fiancé. Manwinder's only daughter.
|-
| [[Surendra Pal|Surendra Pal Singh]] || Manwinder || Turaner Alagöz || Mahi's father.
|-
| [[Karmveer Choudhary]] || Hemraj || Emin Nalçali || Dev's father.
|-
| Salman Shaikh|| Sunny || Samin || Annie's pimp and later good friend.
|-
| Leena Balodi|| Pushpa || Halide Nalçali || Dev's mother.
|-
| Tanu Vidyarthi || Divya || Leman Namlı || Viraj's mother. Darshan's wife.
|
|-
| Om Aditya Yadav || Manu || Murat Ketenci || Amala's nephew
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.hotstar.com/tv/kya-qusoor-hai-amla-ka/13621 Kya Qusoor Hai Amla Ka?] at [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

{{Star Plus Shows}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kya Qusoor Hai Amla Ka?}}
[[Category:2017 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2017 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:StarPlus original programming]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian television series based on non-Indian television series]]
[[Category:Television shows about rape]]
[[Category:Rape in India]]
[[Category:Non-Turkish television series based on Turkish television series]]

Janian (Amritsar district)

2026-04-30T00:41:59Z

IolaBrookshire: New Initial Location W/ Refs

{{orphan|date=January 2023}}
{{short description|Village in Punjab, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
'''Jania''' is a village in Amritsar I [[tehsil]], [[Amritsar district]], [[Punjab, India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Janian · Punjab 144629, India |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Janian,+Punjab+144629/@31.0913049,75.1502269,16z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x391a165b7a645b53:0xc58fc9b6fbb7ccdb!8m2!3d31.0905451!4d75.1559974 |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=Janian · Punjab 144629, India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jania Village in Amritsar I, Amritsar, Punjab – Info & Details |url=https://villageatlas.com/punjab/amritsar/amritsar-i/jania |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=villageatlas.com |archive-date=22 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122061610/https://villageatlas.com/punjab/amritsar/amritsar-i/jania |url-status=dead }}</ref> The village is 19 km from the sub-district headquarters of Amritsar and 1 km from its district headquarters.{{fact|date=June 2023}}

The total population of the village is 2,268 people where number of male population 1,187 and female population is 1,099.{{fact|date=June 2023}} The [[Postal Index Number|PIN code]] of the village is 143115.{{fact|date=June 2023}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|India}}

[[Category:Villages in Amritsar district]]

{{PunjabIN-geo-stub}}

Nupur Mehta

2026-04-29T08:05:26Z

IolaBrookshire: Done

{{short description|Indian actress (born 1980)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nupur Mehta
| image =
| caption =
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| years_active = 2004 – present
| occupation = [[Actress]]
}}

'''Nupur Mehta''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[actress]] who appeared on the cover of Sportswear International and acted in the 2005 Hindi movie [[Jo Bole So Nihaal (film)|Jo Bole So Nihaal]].

==Career==
Mehta won the Miss Delhi title at age 17 and modelled in Milan, Italy with Riccardo Gay model management. Mehta has also starred in TV advertisements for [[Fanta]] and [[Pirelli]], and been part of a [[Fiat]] calendar. She was on the cover of Sportswear International's June 2001 issue.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nupur Mehta [Biography] Bollywood Actress |url=http://www.matpal.com/2012/03/nupur-mehta-biography-bollywood-actress.html|publisher=Matpal|date=12 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814065530/http://www.matpal.com/2012/03/nupur-mehta-biography-bollywood-actress.html|archive-date=2012-08-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> She featured on the cover of one of India's first [[Mills & Boon]] books written by Astha Atray, ''His Monsoon Bride'', after being chosen in a model hunt contest.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who is Nupur Mehta? |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/who-is-nupur-mehta-241411.html|publisher=First Post Bollywood|accessdate=2012-03-12}}</ref><ref name="ITbolly">{{cite web|title=Smalltime Bollywood actor Nupur Mehta involved in cricket match-fixing?|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/bollywood-actor-nupur-mehta-cricket-match-fixing-95688-2012-03-11|publisher=India Today Bollywood|access-date=2012-03-12}}</ref> She was a part of the credited cast in the 2005 Hindi movie [[Jo Bole So Nihaal (film)|Jo Bole So Nihaal]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jo Bole So Nihaal|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0436451/|publisher=IMDB|accessdate=2012-03-12}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Aabra Ka Daabra]]'' || Jadugarni Bijli / Headmistress Rang Birangi 'RB' ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Jo Bole So Nihaal (film)|Jo Bole So Nihaal]]'' || Liza ||
|-
|}

==Allegations of match fixing==
''[[The Sunday Times]]'' carried out a sting operation on a [[Delhi]] based bookie based on allegations that the [[ICC World Cup 2011]] semi-final between [[India national cricket team|India]] and [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] was fixed. The ''Times'' said that a [[Hindi film]] actress was used to lure cricketers to underperform but did not name her. The report included a blurred image resembling Mehta, who denied any role in the sting.<ref name="ITbolly"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Bollywood starlet Nupur Mehta denies role in fixing scam|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Bollywood-starlet-Nupur-Mehta-denies-role-in-fixing-scam/Article1-824311.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312201233/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Bollywood-starlet-Nupur-Mehta-denies-role-in-fixing-scam/Article1-824311.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 12, 2012|publisher=Hindustan Times|accessdate=2012-03-12}}</ref>
She is considering to sue the British Paper.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nupur Mehta to sue British paper over matchfixing story|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/top-stories/Nupur-Mehta-to-sue-British-paper-over-matchfixing-story/articleshow/12248701.cms|publisher=Times of India|accessdate=2012-03-13}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDB name|1800689}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mehta, Nupur}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Parinati (2025 film)

2026-04-28T10:55:21Z

IolaBrookshire:

{{Short description|Indian drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Parinati
| image =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Akshay Balsaraf
| writer = Akshay Balsaraf
| producer = Paragg Mehta Harsh Narula
| starring = [[Amruta Subhash]] [[Sonalee Kulkarni]]
| cinematography = Himanshu Dubey
| editing = Rajesh Rao
| music = Praful Swapnil Samir Saptiskar Vipin Agraval
| studio = PH Films Phoenix Films Insync Motion Pictures
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|08|1}}
| budget =
| runtime = 122 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
}}'''''Parinati''''', also known as '''''Parinati: Badal Swatasathi''''' ({{Translation|Chang for Oneself}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi-language]] drama film written and directed by Akshay Balsaraf. The film stars [[Amruta Subhash]] and [[Sonalee Kulkarni]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parinati - Official Trailer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/marathi/parinati-trailer-amruta-subhash-sonalee-kulkarni-akshar-kothari/videoshow/122968573.cms |access-date=1 January 2026 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=एक बार डान्सर तर दुसरी डॉक्टर, मग घडतं तरी काय? ‘परिणती' सिनेमाचा ट्रेलर चर्चेत |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/amruta-subhash-sonalee-kulkarni-parinati-movietrailerout/articleshow/122763498.cms |access-date=1 January 2026 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> It follows the journey of two strong women from different backgrounds and explores their evolving friendship.<ref>{{Cite web |title=डान्सबारसमोर बसलेल्या त्या दोघी, पाऊस आणि... अमृता सुभाष आणि सोनाली कुलकर्णीचा तो फोटो व्हायरल |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/amruta-subhash-and-sonalee-kulkarni-parinati-movie-poster-first-look-viral/articleshow/122491657.cms |access-date=1 January 2026 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film follows the story of Dr. Saili, a well-respected doctor and mother who leads what appears to be a happy life with her husband and son. Her world shatters when she discovers her husband's infidelity. Devastated by the betrayal, Dr. Saili spirals into alcoholism as a coping mechanism for her emotional pain.

At the lowest point in her life, Dr. Saili encounters Jharna, a vibrant and fearless bar dancer. Jharna's compassion and positive outlook become instrumental in helping Dr. Saili navigate her crisis. Set against the backdrop of the [[Navaratri|Navratri]] season, the film chronicles the unlikely but deeply rooted friendship that develops between these two women from vastly different social backgrounds. Their bond becomes a transformative force, enabling both of them to discover their inner strength and rebuild their lives after facing profound emotional turmoil.

== Cast ==
* [[Amruta Subhash]] as Dr. Saili<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2025 |title='जारण'च्या यशानंतर अमृता सुभाष 'या' सिनेमात झळकणार! पोस्टर आलं समोर, सोबतीला असेल 'ही' लोकप्रिय अभिनेत्री… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/actress-amruta-subhash-new-movie-poster-name-parinati-with-sonalee-kulkarni-know-more-sva-00-5229817/ |access-date=1 January 2026 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
* [[Sonalee Kulkarni]] as Jharna
* [[Akshar Kothari]] as Nikhil<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Cine |date=1 August 2025 |title=Akshar Kothari joins the cast of ‘Parinati’! - Latest News, Breaking News, National News, World News, India News, Bollywood News, Business News, Politics News, Sports News, Entertainment News - CineBuster |url=https://www.cinebuster.in/akshar-kothari-joins-the-cast-of-parinati/ |access-date=1 January 2026 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Chinmayee Swami

== Production ==
The film marked the Marathi cinema debut of television actor [[Akshar Kothari]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=KalakrutiMedia |first=Team |date=31 July 2025 |title=छोटा पडदा गाजवल्यानंतर आता Akshar Kothari झळकणार ‘परिणती’ सिनेमात! |url=https://kalakrutimedia.com/after-ruling-the-small-screen-akshar-kothari-set-to-shine-in-upcoming-film-parinat-info/ |access-date=1 January 2026 |website=Kalakruti Media |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=छोटा पडदा गाजवल्यानंतर लोकप्रिय अभिनेच्याची मोठ्या पडद्यावर एन्ट्री, ‘परिणती’ मध्ये साकारणार महत्त्वाची भूमिका |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/akshar-kothari-in-parinati-movie-with-amruta-subhash-and-sonalee-kulkarni/articleshow/123017034.cms |access-date=1 January 2026 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> It also brought together [[Amruta Subhash]] and [[Sonalee Kulkarni]] in a collaboration for the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=KalakrutiMedia |first=Team |date=18 July 2025 |title=Parinati Marathi Movie Trailer: दोन सशक्त स्त्रियांची हृदयस्पर्शी गोष्ट सांगणाऱ्या परिणती सिनेमाचा जबरदस्त ट्रेलर प्रदर्शित! |url=https://kalakrutimedia.com/parinati-badal-swatah-sathi-marathi-movie-trailer-out-info/ |access-date=1 January 2026 |website=Kalakruti Media |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kadam |first=Shruti Vilas |date=15 July 2025 |title=Parinati movie: अमृता - सोनाली पहिल्यांदाच झळकणार एकत्र; परिणीतीमध्ये दिसणार लढणाऱ्या दोन स्त्रियांची कहाणी |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/amrita-subhash-sonali-kulkarni-will-be-seen-together-for-the-first-time-in-parineeti-marathi-movie-svk01 |access-date=1 January 2026 |website=Marathi News {{!}} Saam TV |language=mr}}</ref>

== Music ==
The film's background score was composed by Praful Swapnil.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maskar |first=Shreya |date=26 July 2025 |title=Sonalee Kulkarni-Amruta Subhash Video : "बघा आली ही राणी…"; सोनाली कुलकर्णी-अमृता सुभाषच्या कातिल अदा, पाहा 'परिणती'चं नवीन गाणं |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/sonalee-kulkarni-amruta-subhash-parinati-marathi-movie-rani-song-released-watch-video-sm2000 |access-date=1 January 2026 |website=Marathi News {{!}} Saam TV |language=mr}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 17:20
| title1 = Rani
| length1 = 5:00
| lyrics1 = Samir Saptiskar
| music1 = Samir Saptiskar
| extra1 = [[Vaishali Made]], [[Prajakta Shukre]]
| title2 = Maitri
| length2 = 4:46
| lyrics2 = Sujay Jadhav
| music2 = Vipin Agraval
| extra2 = Vaishali Made
| title3 = Aag
| length3 = 3:14
| lyrics3 = Manndar Cholkar
| music3 = Praful Swapnil
| extra3 = [[Ronkini Gupta]]
| title4 = Swapna
| length4 = 4:20
| lyrics4 = Manndar Cholkar
| music4 = Praful Swapnil
| extra4 = [[Aanandi Joshi]]
}}

== Release and reception ==
The first song, “Rani”, featuring the two lead characters, was released in July 2025 and highlighted the theme of friendship between two strong and self-reliant women.<ref>{{Cite web |last=नवले |first=मयुर |date=26 July 2025 |title=बिनधास्त श्वास घे साला, जगाची काळजी कशाला ! ‘परिणती – बदल स्वतःसाठी’ चित्रपटातील ‘राणी’ हे पाहिलं गाणं प्रदर्शित |url=https://www.navarashtra.com/movies/marathi/sonalee-kulkarni-amruta-subash-new-marathi-movie-parinati-first-song-released-942027.html |access-date=1 January 2026 |website=Navarashtra |language=mr}}</ref> The film was theatrically released on 1 August 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2025 |title=‘परिणती : बदल स्वत:साठी’ १ ऑगस्टला प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-film-parinati-badal-swat-saathi-will-be-released-on-august-1-2025-amy-95-5240634/ |access-date=1 January 2026 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>

A reviewer from ''Film Information'' felt that despite strong performances, particularly by [[Amruta Subhash]], the film's mismatched execution and weak emotional impact resulted in limited audience appeal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Information |first=Film |date=1 August 2025 |title=‘PARINATI’ (MARATHI) REVIEW {{!}} 1 August 2025 |url=https://filminformation.com/featured/parinati-marathi-review-1-august-2025/ |access-date=1 January 2026 |website=Film Information |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=20414866}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
[[Category:Indian feminist films]]
[[Category:Films about friendship]]
[[Category:Films about alcoholism]]
[[Category:Marathi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]

Xavier Institute of Development Action and Studies

2026-04-28T02:44:32Z

IolaBrookshire: Created initial post basic info

{{short description|Business school in Jabalpur, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox organization
| image = Xavier_Institute_of_Development_Action_and_Studies_Logo.png
| caption =
| predecessor =
| merged_into =
| successor =
| formation =
| extinction =
| type =
| status =
| purpose =
| headquarters =
| coordinates =
| language =
| leader_title = Founder
| leader_name = Micheal Van Den Bogaert, SJ
| leader_title2 = Director
| leader_name2 = Fr. (Dr.) Oscar S. Tirkey, SJ
| leader_name3 = Asst. Prof. Cecil Anthony
| leader_title3 = Dean
| key_people =
| main_organ = Vikas Vani
| parent_organization =
| affiliations = [[Jesuit]], [[Catholic church|Catholic]]
| budget =
| remarks =
| name = {{big| }} Xavier Institute of Development Action and Studies
| former_name =
| image_border =
| image_size =
| abbreviation = XIDAS
| merger =
| established = {{Start date and age|1995|12|3}}
| location = [[Jabalpur]], [[India]]
| region_served =
| num_members =
| general_secretary =
| num_staff =
| num_volunteers =
| website = [http://xidas.in/ XIDAS]
}}

[[File:XIDAS (37).jpg|thumb|right|220px|XIDAS front view]]
'''Xavier Institute of Development Action and Studies''' (XIDAS) is a [[Business school|Business School]] in [[Jabalpur district|Jabalpur]], [[India]], inaugurated on 3 December 1995 by the Madhya Pradesh [[Society of Jesus]]. It is rated among the top business schools in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.careermitra.com/2012/12/top-10-mba-colleges-mat-score/|title=Top Business Schools in India accepting MAT Score {{!}} {{!}} Career Mitra|website=blog.careermitra.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-10-15}}</ref>

== Founder and vision==
The Belgian Jesuit Fr. Micheal Van Den Bogaert, S.J., came to India in 1951. He served among the poor in rural areas and in 1963 became director of [[Xavier Institute of Social Service]], Ranchi. In 1987 he established the Centre for Development Research and Training (CENDERET) in [[Bhubaneswar]], and went on to found XIDAS in 1995.<ref>[http://xidas.in/page.php?pid=3 Founder. Accessed 18 July 2016.]</ref>

== Developments ==
In 1996 XIDAS was registered as a society under Society Registration Act of [[Madhya Pradesh]], and began operating in the areas of research, project assessment and evaluation, training, and entrepreneurship development. Then in 1997 the Centres of Livelihood and Capacity Building were established in blocks and villages near Jabalpur. Research over the following years included a profile of Balaghat District with aid from BILANCE (now [[Cordaid|CORDAID]], Belgium); studies conducted for [[NTPC Limited]]; and joint research on micro finance in Mandla District (MP) with support from UFSIA University, [[Antwerp]].

The year 2000 saw the commencement of the MBA (Rural Management) programme and an exchange programme with Katholieke University Belgium. XIVANI newsletter was also launched. In 2001 the XIDAS extension in Raipur was established. In 2003 XIDAS moved to Tilhari, Mandla Road, Jabalpur.

In 2007 VIKAS VANI journal began publication along with the student magazine "The Catalyst". In 2008 the Post Graduate Diploma in Management began, ([[All India Council for Technical Education|AICTE]] approved), along with the launching of a one-year certificate course in Development Management and a six-months certificate course in Community Organization.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://igsss.org/members-of-the-general-body|title=Honorary Members of the General Body - Indo-Global Social Service Society|work=Indo-Global Social Service Society|access-date=2017-10-15|language=en-US|archive-date=16 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016015506/http://igsss.org/members-of-the-general-body|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2010 a Post Graduate diploma in Telecom Management began, and in Rural Management in 2013, both AICTE approved. A Fr. Bogaert Memorial Lecture took place in 2011, 2014, and 2015. International conferences were held, on Corporate Social Responsibility in 2012<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indiacsr.in/international-conference-on-csr-in-jabalpur/|title=International Conference on CSR in Jabalpur - India CSR Network|date=2012-08-17|work=India CSR Network|access-date=2017-10-15|language=en-US}}</ref> and on Sustainable Development in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Education_Announcements.Edn_Ann_2013.Conference_on_sustainable_Development_at_Xavier_Institute_XIDAS_Jabalpur_20131019|title=Conference on sustainable Development at Xavier Institute XIDAS Jabalpur 20131019|website=www.e-pao.net|access-date=2017-10-15}}</ref> In 2015 the first national students meet HENOSIS tool place.

== Academic programmes ==
Post Graduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) offers specialization in Marketing, Finance, and Human Resource and Post Graduate Diploma in Management–Rural Management (PGDM-RM) offers specialization in Rural Management. In second year, PGDM and PGDM-RM students have a choice of doing a major and minor specialization, in the areas of Finance, Marketing, and Human Resources.<ref>[http://xidas.in/academic_page.php?pid=11 PGDM Accessed 19 July 2016.]</ref><ref>[http://xidas.in/academic_page.php?pid=12 PGDM-RM Accessed 19 July 2016.]</ref>

== Centers of potential ==
XIDAS has been involved in research and consultation in the area of corporate social responsibility, rehabilitation and resettlement, and livelihood promotion, for public and private sector organizations.

XIDAS conducts socio-economic surveys, need assessment studies, social impact assessment, and management development programmes in the areas of social entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility.

As to ecology, XIDAS takes up research, evaluation, training, awareness campaigns, and field projects.

XIDAS has a special focus on research and training in areas related to rural development. Its health care focus is on the national rural health mission, reproductive and child health, nutrition, sanitation and hygiene.

XIDAS enhances competencies amongst working professionals, managers, and executives. Training offered covers areas like finance, marketing, human resource management, rural development, urban governance, right to information, public distribution system, and watershed management.<ref>[http://xidas.in/centres_page.php?pid=27 TCP. Accessed 19 July 2016.]</ref>

== Social engineering projects and fieldwork ==
XIDAS collaborates with more than 48 government and public sector agencies, corporations, development organizations, research institutes, and academic bodies for undertaking social engineering, implementation, evaluations, consulting, trainings, research, academic and policy level deliberations, and other extension activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gcpcenvis.nic.in/UpcomingEvents.aspx|title=Gujarat{{!}}News & Events|website=gcpcenvis.nic.in|access-date=2017-10-15}}</ref>

== Infrastructure ==
XIDAS campus spreads over 12 acres. XIDAS has set up two waste water recycling units inside the campus for sewage and wastewater management.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ecosoftt.org/category/events-updates/|title=Events & Updates Archives - ECOSOFTT|website=ECOSOFTT|language=en-US|access-date=2017-10-15}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Jesuit sites]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|23|6|42.69|N|79|58|18.02|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Jesuit universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Development charities based in India]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Business schools in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Education in Jabalpur]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1995]]
[[Category:1995 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Coimbatore District Small Industries Association

2026-04-28T01:49:47Z

IolaBrookshire: new new place - done

{{Short description|Indian trade organization}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox organization
|name=Coimbatore District Small Industries Association கோயம்புத்தூர் மாவட்ட சிறு தொழிலார்கள் சங்கம்
|native_name=
|abbreviation = CODISSIA
|image=
|image_size=
|caption=
|type=[[trade organization]]
|headquarters=[[Coimbatore]], [[India]]
|num_members=
|leader_title=President
|leader_name= M. KarthiKeyan
|formation=1969
|website={{URL|http://www.codissia.com}}
}}

'''Coimbatore District Small Scale Industries Association (CODISSIA)''' '''([[Tamil language|Tamil]]:கோயம்புத்தூர் மாவட்ட சிறு தொழிலார்கள் சங்கம்)''' is an Indian [[trade organization]] based in [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/industry/list_assos.pdf|title= List of Industry and Trade Associations contacted by Planning Commission|publisher=Planning Commission of India|access-date=29 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="About">{{cite web|url=http://www.codissia.com/about-codissia/|title=About CODISSIA|publisher=codissia.com|access-date=29 November 2015}}</ref> It is affiliated to Tamil Nadu Small and Tiny Industries Association (TANSTIA).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tanstia.org.in/|title=About TANSTIA|publisher=tanstia.org|access-date=29 November 2015}}</ref> It is the largest district association of [[Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises|small industries]] in India with more than two thousand members.<ref name="About"/> The organization plays a major role in the development of industries in the region and also helps industries with government rules and norms.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N3O5Vel3_yMC&dq=Coimbatore+District+Small+Industries+Association&pg=PA61|title=Sustaining Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth|author1=Max Keilbach |author2=Jagannadha Pawan Tamvada |author3=David B. Audretsch |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|date=13 November 2008|isbn=9780387786957}}</ref> CODISSIA has pushed for the establishment of more [[Public sector undertakings in India|public sector units]] in Coimbatore.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/codissia-pitches-for-psus-in-coimbatore/article6173925.ece|title=Codissia pitches for PSUs in Coimbatore|date=3 July 2014|publisher=Business Line}}</ref>

==History==
CODISSIA was established in 1969 with 40 members under the Tamil Nadu Societies Registration Act. In 1972, the organization participated in trade fair at [[Delhi]]. CODISSIA organized its first vendor exhibition in association with [[Integral Coach Factory]], [[Chennai]]. In 1973, CODISSIA bulletin, a fortnightly journal was started. In 1974, [[P. C. Alexander]], then Development Commissioner (SSI), the [[Government of India]] inaugurated an exhibition of railway and telecommunication parts conducted by CODISSIA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiamart.com/codissia/aboutus.html|title=CODISSIA, about us|publisher=indiamart.com|access-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208064245/http://www.indiamart.com/codissia/aboutus.html|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==CODISSIA complex==
[[File:Codissia-itfc.jpg|thumb|250px|CODISSIA trade complex]]
CODISSIA Trade Fair Complex is an industrial and exhibition venue in [[Coimbatore]] run by CODISSIA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.codissiacomplex.com/about-us.php|title=CODISSIA trade complex|publisher=codissiacomplex.com|access-date=29 November 2015}}</ref> It was constructed in a record time of 155 days in 1999 and has been certified as a World Record holder in the [[Limca Book of Records]] as having [[Asia]]’s largest pillar free hall.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dermacon2016.com/about-codissia.html|title=CODISSIA trade complex|publisher=dermacon|access-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065036/http://dermacon2016.com/about-codissia.html|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The complex regularly hosts trade fairs and industrial exhibitions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coimbatore.nic.in/industry.html|title=Industries in Coimbatore|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730121603/http://coimbatore.nic.in/industry.html|archive-date=30 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The organization plans to establish an [[industrial estate]] on the outskirts of Coimbatore.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/codissia-to-set-up-green-industrial-estate-in-coimbatore/article6098105.ece|title=Codissia to set up 'green' industrial estate in Coimbatore |publisher=The Business Line|date=9 June 2014}}</ref> CODISSIA has signed an agreement with the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] during the Global Investors 2015 to establish two industrial parks in Coimbatore.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/codissia-industrial-park-signs-pact-with-tn-govt-to-set-up-two-facilities/article7660020.ece|title=Codissia Industrial Park signs pact with TN govt to set up two facilities|publisher=The Business Line|date=16 September 2015}}</ref>

==Exhibitions and trade fairs==
[[File:CODISSIA Trade Fair Comples, Coimbatore 2014.JPG|thumb|CODISSIA Trade Fair Comples, Coimbatore 2014]]
CODISSIA organizes Agri Intex, an annual agricultural [[trade fair]] to promote agriculture and allied industries. The 21st edition was organized in 2023 which included participants from over 10 countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/daily_events/2015/english/july/15_july_15_eng.pdf|title=Agri Intex|publisher=TNAU|access-date=29 November 2015}}</ref> INTEC is an industrial trade fair organized every year since 1999. SubCon and BuildTech are other fairs that are organized by CODISSIA.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Successful Fund Raising for Lions Clubs: & Voluntary Organisations|author=J Shivakumaar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ARuWCgAAQBAJ&dq=Coimbatore+District+Small+Industries+Association&pg=PP9|publisher=Signpost Celfon Technology|date=22 September 2015}}</ref> It has also organized a renewable energy fair Elektrotec since 2014 for promoting products related to renewable energy production.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/codissia-to-organise-electrical-and-renewable-energy-fair/article6874701.ece|title=Codissia to organise electrical and renewable energy fair|publisher=Business Line|date=15 February 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Coimbatore}}

[[Category:Economy of Coimbatore]]
[[Category:State industrial development corporations of India]]
[[Category:Small-scale industry in India]]
[[Category:1969 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Trade associations based in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1969]]

Naini, Prayagraj

2026-04-26T00:05:41Z

IolaBrookshire: Started some info first draft

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Naini
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Naini Industrial Area
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| image_skyline = On the banks of New Yamuna bridge, Allahabad.jpg
| image_alt =
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = [[New Yamuna Bridge, Allahabad|New Yamuna Bridge]] connecting Naini to Prayagraj across [[Yamuna river]]
| nickname = Neighborhood Of [[Prayagraj]]
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name2 = [[Prayagraj division]]
| subdivision_type3 = District
| subdivision_name3 = [[Prayagraj district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
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| population_footnotes =
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| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| registration_plate = UP-70
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Naini''' (also known as '''Naini Industrial Area''')<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Govt team to inspect Naini roads |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Govt-team-to-inspect-Naini-roads/articleshow/28350491.cms |newspaper=The [[Times of India]] |date=3 January 2014 |accessdate=19 November 2018 }}</ref> is an industrial township of [[Prayagraj]] in [[Allahabad district|Prayagraj district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.walkthroughindia.com/walkthroughs/10-twin-towns-and-sister-cities-of-indian-states/ |title= 10 Twin Towns and Sister Cities of Indian States |author=  |website= walkthroughindia.com |accessdate= 9 January 2014 |archive-date= 9 January 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140109083014/http://www.walkthroughindia.com/walkthroughs/10-twin-towns-and-sister-cities-of-indian-states/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> By the 1950s Naini was established as the chief [[industrial park|industrial area]] of the city.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title= Call for revival of Naini industrial area |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-27/allahabad/45625276_1_naini-industrial-area-units-yogesh-shukla |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108133405/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-27/allahabad/45625276_1_naini-industrial-area-units-yogesh-shukla |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 January 2014 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 December 2013 }}</ref>

==History==
Naini had a prison, [[Naini Central Prison]], where many, including Pt. [[Jawahar Lal Nehru]], the first [[Prime Minister of India]]—were imprisoned during the [[Indian independence movement]]. The first official [[Airmail]] flight in the world arrived in Naini from [[Prayagraj]]. [[Henri Pequet]] carried 6,500 letters a distance of 13 km. This was the first commercial civil aviation flight in India.<ref>[http://pib.nic.in/newsite/efeatures.aspx?relid=69345 100 Years of Civil Aviation in India - Milestones]. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 25 January 2011.</ref>

==Geography==
Naini is located on the banks of River [[Yamuna]], opposite Prayagraj City. To the north, across the [[Ganges]], is [[Jhunsi]], which is a part of [[Prayagraj]] itself. There are no direct paths or roadways between Jhusi and Naini.

==Economy==
Naini developed into major industrial centre. Some of the notable industries in Naini include [[Alstom]], [[ITI Limited]], [[Bharat Pumps & Compressors]] (headquarters), [[Areva]], [[Steel Authority of India Limited]] (SAIL), [[Food Corporation of India]] (FCI). Industrial development in Naini is increasing as the Government of India has approved Allahabad-Naini-Bara Investment Zone (3000 hectares) which is to be funded by the World Bank.<ref name="Industrial units">{{cite web |title=Industrial units in Allahabad |url=http://uppcb.com/inventory2010/7_allahabad.pdf |website=U.P Pollution Control Board |accessdate=4 August 2012 |archive-date=28 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128031316/http://uppcb.com/inventory2010/7_allahabad.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Education==

===Education Institutions===
* [[Allahabad State University|Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University]]
* [[Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences]]
* United College of Engineering and Research
* Bethany Convent School, Naini, Prayagraj
* Delhi Public School, Devrakh, Naini, Prayagraj
* St.Joseph's School, Naini, Prayagraj
* Ethel Higginbottom School and College
* Maharishi Vidya Mandir Sr. Secondary School, Prayagraj
* Suman Vidya Niketan Inter College, Naini, Prayagraj
* Nand Kishore Singh Degree College, Dhanuha, Chaka, Naini, Prayagraj
* Saint John's Academy, Mirzapur Road, Prayagraj
* Apex College of Education, Naini, Prayagraj
* Madhav Gyan Kendra Inter College Kharkauni, Naini, Prayagraj
* Kendriya Vidyalaya ITI Naini, Prayagraj
* Kendriya Vidyalaya COD Naini, Prayagraj
* Laurels International School, Naini
* Semstar Global School, Naini
* Amar Public School, Naini
* Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna PG College, Naini, Prayagraj
* Ranjit Pandit Inter College, Naini, Prayagraj
* Little Angels Public School, Naini, Prayagraj

==Transport==
[[File:Naini Junction nameplate.JPG|thumb|Naini Railway Junction Station nameplate.]]
Naini is connected to Prayagraj via two bridges over the river Yamuna. The older one, [[Old Naini Bridge]] built in 1927, is a two lane bridge. The new one, [[New Yamuna Bridge]] was completed in 2004. NH-27 joins the Naini to Rewa through Ghoorpur.

Tempos, Bus and [[Automobile|autos]] are the main mode of travel in Naini-Prayagraj.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}} This route doesn't have a very frequent local bus service, but recently, UPSRTC has launched the city bus services, making easier the public transportation from Naini to other nearby places, including heart of the city.

Apart from Naini Railway, Cheoki station is also used, but mainly it is used for transporting goods. However, in recent times, Cheoki railway station has started to become more important as many of the trains are getting their schedule changed where in it is replacing Prayagraj Junction itself.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Prayagraj]]

Gunda Lakshmi Devi

2026-04-25T00:27:59Z

IolaBrookshire: new a bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{family name hatnote|Gunda|lang=Telugu}}
{{use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Gunda Lakshmi Devi
| image =
| caption =
| office = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly Andhra Pradesh]]
| constituency = [[Srikakulam Assembly constituency|Srikakulam]]
| predecessor = [[Dharmana Prasada Rao]]
| successor = [[Dharmana Prasada Rao]]
| term_start = 2014
| term_end = 2019
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]] {{small|(since 2014)}}
| birth_date = 1961
| father = Nikku Appalaswamy Naidu
| spouse = Gunda Appala Suryanarayana
| other_party =
| occupation = Politician
}}

'''Gunda Lakshmi Devi''' is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. She is a former member of [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Srikakulam Assembly constituency]] from 2014 to 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh [2014 Onwards] District Srikakulam Vidhan Sabha Election results|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/district/ac/235/836|website=www.indiavotes.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=నాగావళి తీరాన.. ఎటువైపో ఓటరన్న..! {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/andhra-pradesh/srikakulam-constituency-political-review-1176505 |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}</ref> She was denied a ticket from TDP to contest the 2024 Assembly election.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2024-03-28 |title=TDP high command trying to cool down supporters of Gunda Lakshmi Devi, Venkata Ramana |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tdp-high-command-trying-to-cool-down-supporters-of-gunda-lakshmi-devi-venkata-ramana/article68002813.ece |access-date=2024-05-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Following the decision of the Party, her followers burnt the flags and literature of TDP.<ref name="Correspondent">{{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=D. C. |date=2024-03-22 |title=Ex-MLA's followers ransack TD office in Srikakulam |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/ex-mlas-followers-ransack-td-office-in-srikakulam-886144 |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> She said she would contest as an independent candidate.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-23 |title=Gunda Lakshmi Devi vows to contest elections as an independent from Srikakulam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/gunda-lakshmi-devi-vows-to-contest-elections-as-an-independent-from-srikakulam/article67984208.ece |access-date=2024-05-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=Chowdari Lakshmana |date=2024-05-15 |title=Srikakulam: Etcherla registers highest polling percentage of 87 |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/srikakulam-etcherla-registers-highest-polling-percentage-of-87-878431 |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desam |first=A. B. P. |date=2024-03-23 |title=రామ్మోహన్, అచ్చెన్న, రవికూమార్‌పై పోటీకి సిద్ధమవుతున్న కలమట, గుండ వర్గీయులు |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/election/gunda-lakshmi-devi-and-kalamata-venkataramana-are-preparing-to-contest-as-independent-candidates-against-atchannaidu-rammohan-and-koona-ravi-in-srikakulam-152493 |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=telugu.abplive.com |language=te}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Devi is from [[Srikakulam]]. She is from Velama community. After her husband, Gunda Appala Suryanarayana's, she entered politics and made her debut in the 2014 elections.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pativada |first=Sreenu Babu |date=2024-03-29 |title=Unlike YSRC, TDP chooses young guns over political dynasts in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Mar/29/unlike-ysrc-tdp-chooses-young-guns-over-political-dynasts-in-andhra-pradesh |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Her son is resides in the United States.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Devi won the [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] on [[Telugu Desam Party]] ticket defeating [[Dharmana Prasada Rao]] of [[YSR Congress Party]] by a margin of 24,131 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-06 |title=Winners in Andhra Pradesh - Sakshi |url=https://m.sakshi.com/news/elections-2014/winners-in-andhra-pradesh-131007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106044818/https://m.sakshi.com/news/elections-2014/winners-in-andhra-pradesh-131007 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2021-11-06 |access-date=2024-05-16 }}</ref>

Earlier, she served as Srikakulam Municipality vice chairperson and chairperson.<ref name="Correspondent"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gunda Lakshmi Devi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Srikakulam district]]
[[Category:Women members of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:1961 births]]

Mukhbir - The Story of a Spy

2026-04-24T00:18:59Z

IolaBrookshire: Started the info nd citations...

{{Short description|Indian spy-thriller series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Mukhbir.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[spy fiction|Espionage]] [[Drama]]
| creator = [[Shivam Nair]]
| writer = Aseem Arora, Saurabh Swamy & Karan oberoi
| screenplay = Arshad Sayyed Vaibhav Modi [[Karan Oberoi (singer)|Karan Oberoi]]
| director = Shivam Nair Jayprad Desai
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Prakash Raj]]
*[[Zain Khan Durrani]]
*[[Adil Hussain]]
*[[Harsh Chhaya]]
*[[Satyadeep Misra]]
*[[Barkha Bisht]]
*[[Zoya Afroz]]
*[[Karan Oberoi (singer)|Karan Oberoi]]
*[[Bijou Thaangjam]]
*Dilip Shankar
*Atul Kumar
*Sushil Pandey
*Suneel Shanbag
}}
| music = Abhishek Nailwal
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 8
| producer = Vaibhav Modi Tabassum Modi
| location =
| cinematography = Dimo Popov
| editor = Kunal Walve
| runtime =
| company = Victor Tango Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.
| budget =
| network = [[ZEE5]]
| released =
| first_aired =
}}

'''Mukhbir – The Story of a Spy''' is an Indian [[Spy fiction|spy-thriller]] series directed by [[Shivam Nair]] and [[Jayprad Desai]] and produced by Vaibhav Modi and Tabassum Modi, under Victor Tango Entertainment. It is the official adaptation of the retired Joint Director of the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]], [[Maloy Krishna Dhar]]'s novel, ''Mission to Pakistan: An Intelligence Agent in Pakistan''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=2022-08-22 |title=ZEE5 announces new espionage drama 'Mukhbir' |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/zee5-announces-new-espionage-drama-mukhbir-11661152438209.html |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Frater |first=Patrick |date=2022-09-19 |title=Andy Lau Rewrites Online Concert Record With Douyin Performance – Global Bulletin |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/andy-lau-online-concert-record-douyin-1235361136/ |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Raut |first=Rahul |date=9 April 2022 |title=Zee5 to adapt spy novel Mission To Pakistan into a web series; Prakash Raj to play the lead! |url=https://www.peepingmoon.com/exclusive-news/news/63384/PeepingMoon-Exclusive-Zee-to-adapt-spy-novel-Mission-To-Pakistan-into-a-web-series-Prakash-Raj-to-play-the-lead.html |website=PeepingMoon}}</ref> It starred [[Zain Khan Durrani]], [[Prakash Raj]], [[Adil Hussain]], [[Barkha Sengupta|Barkha Bisht]], [[Harsh Chhaya]], [[Satyadeep Mishra]], [[Bijou Thaangjam]] and [[Zoya Afroz]] in pivotal roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Satyadeep Mishra, Zain Khan Durrani, and Adil Hussain roped in for ZEE5 web series, Mukhbir |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/digital/exclusive-satyadeep-mishra-zain-khan-durrani-and-adil-hussain-roped-zee5-web-series-mukhbir |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=Tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Zoya Afroz, Sunil Shanbag, and Karan Oberoi join the cast of ZEE5's Mukhbir |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/digital/exclusive-zoya-afroz-sunil-shanbag-and-karan-oberoi-join-the-cast-of-zee5-s-mukhbir-220423 |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=Tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref> The plot follows a secret agent who led [[India]] in evading several aggressive advances from the enemy country by providing intelligence and helping India in [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|1965 war]] give a befitting reply to Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar and Operation Grand Slam manoeuvres.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-08-16 |title=ZEE5 announces original espionage-drama series, 'Mukhbir - The Story of a Spy' on Independence Day |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/zee5-announces-original-espionage-drama-series-mukhbir-the-story-of-a-spy-on-independence-day-11064041.html |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> The series released on [[ZEE5]] on 11 November 2022.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-31 |title=Prakash Raj, Adil Hussain starrer Mukhbir – The Story of a Spy to premiere on November 11 on ZEE5, trailer out : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/prakash-raj-adil-hussain-starrer-mukhbir-story-spy-premiere-november-11-zee5-trailer/ |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-23 |title=ZEE5's 'Mukhbir: Story Of A Spy' Gets A Release Date |url=https://www.binged.com/?p=4702652 |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=Binged |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Cast ==

* [[Prakash Raj]] as S. K. S. Moorthy (based on [[K. Sankaran Nair]])
* [[Zain Khan Durrani]] as Harfan Bukhari/Kamran Bakhsh
* [[Adil Hussain]] as Ramkishore Negi (based on [[R. N. Kao]])
* [[Harsh Chhaya]] as Major General Agha Khan (based on [[Yahya Khan|General Yahya Khan]])
* [[Satyadeep Mishra]] as Alamgir
* [[Barkha Sengupta|Barkha Bisht]] as Begum Anar
* Dilip Shankar as Col. Zaidi, [[Director-General of Inter-Services Intelligence|Director-General]] of [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] (based on [[Riaz Hussain (general)|Brigadier Riaz Hussain]])
* [[Zoya Afroz]] as Jamila Ahmed
* Atul Kumar as Brigadier Habibullah
* [[Karan Oberoi (singer)|Karan Oberoi]] as Kamal Kapoor
* [[Bijou Thaangjam]] as Junior Officer
* Sushil Pandey as Purshottam/Qasim
* Suneel Shanbag as Joydeep Burman
* Sushil Dhahiya as Pakistani President Hidayat Ali Khan (based on [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Ayub Khan]])
* Karan Mehta as Major Gunjeet Sodhi
* Vijay Kashyap as [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
* Avantika Akerkar as [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Indira Gandhi]]
* Jaya Swaminathan as Suhasini Moorthy
* Richard Bhakti Klein as Russell Clarke

*

== Episodes ==
{{Episode table |background=#320700 |overall=5 |title=25 |director=20 |writer=35 |airdate=18 |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = The Recruit
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Shivam Nair, Jayprad Desai
|WrittenBy = Karan Oberoi, Arsahd Sayyed
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|11|11}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #320700
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = In the Lion's Den
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Shivam Nair, Jayprad Desai
|WrittenBy = Karan Oberoi Arshad Sayyed
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|11|11}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #320700
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = True Lies
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Shivam Nair, Jayprad Desai
|WrittenBy = Karan Oberoi, Arshad Sayyed
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|11|11}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #320700}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = [[Operation Desert Hawk|Desert Hawk]]
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Shivam Nair, Jayprad Desai
|WrittenBy = Karan Oberoi, Arshad Sayyed
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|11|11}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #320700}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Chhaliya - Behrupiya
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Shivam Nair, Jayprad Desai
|WrittenBy = Karan Oberoi, Arshad Sayyed
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|11|11}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #320700}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = [[Operation Grand Slam]]
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Shivam Nair, Jayprad Desai
|WrittenBy = Karan Oberoi, Arshad Sayyed
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|11|11}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #320700}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Last Throw of the Dice
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Shivam Nair, Jayprad Desai
|WrittenBy = Karan Oberoi, Arshad Sayyed
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|11|11}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #320700}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = End Point
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Shivam Nair, Jayprad Desai
|WrittenBy = Karan Oberoi, Arshad Sayyed
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|11|11}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #320700
}}
}}

== Release ==
The series was announced with eight episodes on the occasion of [[75th Anniversary of Indian Independence|India's 76th Independence Day]] on 15 August 2022. It has premiered on the streaming service, [[ZEE5]] from 11 November 2022. It is dubbed in 3 languages [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref name=":22"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mukhbir: स्पाई थ्रिलर वेब सीरीज 'मुखबिर द स्टोरी ऑफ ए स्पाई' का हुआ एलान, इस ओटीटी प्लेटफॉर्म पर होगी स्ट्रीम |url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/bollywood/mukhbir-the-story-of-a-spy-zee5-announces-new-spy-thriller-web-series-to-be-streamed-on-ott-platform-soon |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=21811062}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/mukhbir-the-story-of-a-spy/0-6-4z5199975 ''Mukhbir - The Story of a Spy''] on [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]
[[Category:2022 web series debuts]]
[[Category:Thriller web series]]

Young India Skills University

2026-04-22T05:48:19Z

IolaBrookshire: Created new data added tags

{{Short description|University in Hyderabad, India}}
{{cleanup|date=April 2025|reason=poor or unclear English prose}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Young India Skills University
| image = Young India Skills University.png
| former_name =
| latin_name =
| motto =
| established = {{start date and age|2024}}
| type = [[Public university|Public]]
| endowment =
| staff =
| faculty =
| president =
| principal =
| rector =
| chancellor = [[Chief Minister of Telangana]]
| vice_chancellor = V.L.V.S.S. Subba Rao
| dean =
| head_label =
| head =
| students =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| city = [[Hyderabad]]
| state = [[Telangana]]
| country = [[India]]
| postcode =
| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| language =
| free_label =
| free =
| colors =
| colours =
| mascot =
| nickname =
| affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
| website = {{URL|https://yisu.in/}}
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Young India Skills University''' was established in [[Hyderabad]], [[India]], under the [[public–private partnership]] (PPP) model, to help generate [[employment]] opportunities and reducing the skill gap among youth.

== Establishment ==
Young India Skills University was established on 11 October 2024 and will start its operations on 4 November 2024.<ref name="yi1">{{cite news |title=Courses at Young India Skills University to commence on November 4; admissions open from Dasara |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/courses-at-young-india-skill-university-to-commence-on-november-4-admissions-open-from-dasara/article68744587.ece |access-date=19 October 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=11 October 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref> The university was set up to focus on generating the employment opportunities and improving the skill set of the individuals.<ref name="yi3">{{cite news |title=Young India Skills University will play a critical role in reducing unemployment: Telangana IT Minister |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/education/young-india-skills-university-will-play-a-critical-role-in-reducing-unemployment-telangana-it-minister-article-12802859.html |access-date=19 October 2024 |publisher=moneycontrol.com |date=21 August 2024}}</ref>
Mr [[Anand Mahindra]] from [[Mahindra Group]] was appointed as 1st Chairman of the University for one year.<ref name="yi5">{{cite news |title=Anand Mahindra appointed chairman of Telangana's Young India Skills University for 1 year |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/anand-mahindra-appointed-chairman-of-telanganas-young-india-skills-university-for-1-year/article68530277.ece |access-date=19 October 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=16 August 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

[[Adani Group]] donated a cheque of Rs 100 crores to the University.<ref name="yi2">{{cite news |title=Adani Foundation donates ₹100 crores towards Young India Skills University in Telangana |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/adani-foundation-donates-100-crores-towards-young-india-skills-university-in-telangana/article68769004.ece |access-date=19 October 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=18 October 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
[[Redington Group|Redington]], a leading company in providing logistics, invested around Rs 7 crore for setting up a logistics lab at University temporary campus.<ref name="yi4">{{cite news |title=Young India Skill varsity to offer four new courses |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/young-india-skill-university-launches-four-new-in-demand-courses/articleshow/114057569.cms |access-date=19 October 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=9 October 2024}}</ref>

== Memorandum of understanding ==

Young India Skill University had signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] with GMR Hyderabad International Airport Limited to build skill development programme for youth of [[Telangana]] in the aviation sector.<ref name="yi9">{{cite news |title=GHIAL signs MOU with Young India Skill University, an initiative by the Government of Telangana to enhance skill development for Telangana Youth |url=https://www.airport-suppliers.com/airport_press_release/ghial-signs-mou-with-young-india-skill-university-an-initiative-by-the-government-of-telangana-to-enhance-skill-development-for-telangana-youth/ |access-date=13 April 2025 |publisher=Airport Suppliers}}</ref>

== Type of schools ==

Young India Skills University has launched three schools: School of Logistics and E-Commerce, School of Healthcare, and School of Pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences.<ref name="yi1" />

== Courses ==

Young India Skills University has started with 6 courses<ref name="yi8">{{cite news |title=Six courses at Telangana's Skill University from Dasara |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/six-courses-at-telanganas-skill-university-from-dasara/article68536184.ece |access-date=19 October 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=17 August 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref> and currently has 17 specialised courses under below heads:<ref name="yi6">{{cite news |last1=Rajeev |first1=M. |title=Telangana's Skills University to offer over 15 courses in different verticals, experts to train youth |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/telangana-cm-revanth-to-lay-foundation-stone-for-young-india-skills-university-shortly/article68472684.ece |access-date=19 October 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=1 August 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="yi3" /><ref name="yi1" />
* Course for Warehouse Executive and Key Consignor Executive under Logistics and E-Commerce;
* Course for Warehouse Finishing Skills in Nursing Excellence under Healthcare,
* Course for the Warehouse the Pharma Associate Program under Pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences.
* Courses in English and training on soft skills for final year graduate students.<ref name="yi10">{{cite news |title=Telangana Skill University to launch English, soft skills initiative |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2025/Apr/13/telangana-skill-university-to-launch-english-soft-skills-initiative |access-date=13 April 2025 |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=13 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

The university has additionally included four new courses in the field of logistics, medical, health, and pharmaceuticals.

Young India Skills University has tied up with EQUIPPP Social Impact Technologies Limited for skill development courses relating to Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance (BFSI). <ref name="yi7">{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Anupama |title=EQUIPPP partners with Skills University for free BFSI training in Telangana, shares dip |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/stock-markets/equippp-partners-with-skills-university-for-free-bfsi-training-in-telangana-shares-dip/article68763897.ece |access-date=19 October 2024 |publisher=BusinessLine |date=17 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== Logo ==
Young India Skills University has a logo designed as 24 spokes surrounded around India map.<ref name="yi1" />

== See also ==
* [[Osmania University]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://yisu.in/ Young India Skills University (Official site)]



{{coord missing|Telangana}}

[[Category:Establishments in Hyderabad State]]
[[Category:State universities in Telangana]]

Idara-e-Shariah

2026-04-22T02:57:12Z

IolaBrookshire: New The Data W/ Infobox

{{Short description|Socio-religious organization of Indian Muslims}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Idara-e-Shariah
| image =
| image_border =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| map =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| map2 =
| abbreviation =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| formation = 1968, Bihar, India
| extinction =
| type = [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]]
| status = Active
| purpose =
| headquarters =
| location =
| coordinates =
| region_served = India
| membership =
| language = [[Urdu]], [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]]
| general_secretary =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 =
| leader_name4 =
| key_people =
| main_organ =
| parent_organization =
| affiliations =
| budget =
| num_staff = 150
| num_volunteers = 10000
| website = {{URL|https://www.edara-e-sharia.com/}}
| remarks =
| former_name =
}}
'''Idara-e-Shariah''', ({{langx|ur|ادارہ شریعہ}}) ({{langx|hi|इदारा इ शरिया}}), is a socio-religious organization of Indian Muslims associated with the Ahle Sunnat wal Jamaat ([[Barelvi]]) movement. Its headquarter is situated in [[Sultanganj]], [[Patna]], [[Bihar]]. It was established in 1968 to deal with problems of personal matters of the Indian Muslims.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.india-seminar.com/2016/678/678_mohammad_sajjad.htm|title=678 Mohammad Sajjad, Muslims between the communal-secular divide|website=www.india-seminar.com}}</ref> It has branches in Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Punjab and West Bengal.

Idara has a great influence over the lacs of masses.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2011.588170|title=Book Reviews|first1=Mohammad|last1=Sajjad|first2=Chandran|last2=Komath|first3=Troy|last3=Downs|first4=Shilpi|last4=Rajpal|first5=Malcolm|last5=McLean|date=1 August 2011|journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies|volume=34|issue=2|pages=308–318|via=Taylor and Francis+NEJM|doi=10.1080/00856401.2011.588170|s2cid=219698739|url-access=subscription}}</ref> It is responsible for moon sighting and declaration of Islamic festivals in these states. It is considered as the highest socio-religious body of Muslims in Jharkhand, Patna, Ludhiana etc.

The President of Idara e Shariah of Bihar, Jharkhand, Punjab are Maulana Gulam Rasool Balyawi, Maulana Qutbuddin Razvi, Maulana Faruque Alam Razvi respectively.
==Functions==
The other important activity of Idara-e-Shariah is Darul Qaza, or informal Islamic courts, where the cases are heard and out of court settlement is being given in cases related to Personal Law. Idara-e-Shariah. Darul Ifta is also an important part of Idara-e-Shariah where legal opinions are given according to Quran and Hadees in various matters related to Muslims. Idara-e-Shariah has a Department of Education which is an umbrella body of thousands of Primary religious schools.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/muslim-bodys-intention-to-set-up-islamic-courts-sparks-row-in-india-3438925|title=Muslim body's intention to set up Islamic courts sparks row in India|first=Yeni|last=Şafak|website=Yeni Şafak}}</ref>
The chief general secretary of Idara-E-Sharia, Maulana Qutubuddin Razwi in Jharkhand.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news |date=21 May 2020 |title=Edara-e-sharia asks Muslims to hold Eid prayers at home |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/edara-e-sharia-asks-muslims-to-hold-eid-prayers-at-home/articleshow/75855251.cms |accessdate=17 December 2022}}</ref>

Sanaullah Rizvi is chief administrator of Idara-e-Sharia, Bihar<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.awazthevoice.in/india-news/mosques-temples-closed-in-bihar-taraweeh-postponed-1459.html|title=Mosques, temples closed in Bihar, Taraweeh postponed}}</ref>
Idara-e Shariah also guides the Muslim community during elections. It normally issues appeals and statements indicating their voting preferences to their followers at election time.<ref name="auto"/>
Idara-e-Sharia at Firangi Mahali, Lucknow proposed to inform Muslims in Uttar Pradesh to keep preparations for the documents required for the National Register of Citizens (NRC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/india-clerics-to-educate-uttar-pradesh-muslims-on-nrc-documents-1.1571545560623|title=India: Clerics to educate Uttar Pradesh Muslims on NRC documents|website=gulfnews.com|date=20 October 2019 }}</ref>

==Skill Development training==
Idara-e-Sharia Khajur Banna in Patna was selected by the Ministry of Minority Affairs, Govt. of India to provide skill development training center.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/business/news/economy/will-skill-training-help-curb-madrasa-influence_1832409.html|title=Will skill training help curb madrasa influence?|date=9 December 2015|website=Zee News}}</ref>

== Leadership ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Leader
!State
!Post
|-
|[[Gulam Rasool Balyawi|Maulana Gulam Rasool Balyawi]]
|Bihar
|President
|-
|Maulana Qutubuddin Razvi
|Jharkhand
|President
|-
|Maulana Farooque Alam Razvi
|Punjab
|President
|-
|Syed Raees Ashraf Jilani
|Chhattisgarh
|President
|-
|Maulana Affan Atiq Firangi Maheli
|Odisha
|General Secretary
|}

== Branches ==
In March 2014, The Government of Jharkhand had approved opening of 8 Darul Ifta under Idara-e-Shariah in the State.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Darul Ifta's branches at 8 places in Jharkhand approved |url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/1-community-news/10174-darul-iftas-branches-at-8-places-in-jharkhand-approved/ |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=The Milli Gazette — Indian Muslims Leading News Source |language=en}}</ref>

# Jama Masjid Baghadadia, [[Kharsawan block|Kharsavan]]
# Anjuman Islamia, [[Lohardaga block|Lohardaga]]
# Chhoti Masjid Navatoli, [[Medininagar|Daltonganj]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Sunni organizations]]
[[Category:Barelvi organizations]]
[[Category:Islamic organisations based in India]]

Sikaripara Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:18:29Z

IolaBrookshire: Created first details initial version

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sikaripara
|type= SLA
|state =Jharkhand
|established = 2000
|abolished =
|electors = 2,08,651
|mla = [[Alok Kumar Soren]]
| party = {{Party index link|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)}}
| constituency_no = 7
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| district = [[Dumka district|Dumka]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dumka Lok Sabha constituency|Dumka]]
| reservation = ST
| map_image = Sikaripara constituency map.svg
}}
'''Sikaripara Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].<ref name=jhceo>{{cite web |url=http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |title=AC & PC List- Jharkhand |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218152343/http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |archive-date=18 December 2019}}</ref>

==Overview==
Sikaripara Assembly constituency covers: Sikaripara, Raneswar and Kathikund Police Stations in Dumka district.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|publisher = Election Commission of India|accessdate = 26 January 2016 }}</ref>

This seat is reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]].<ref name=delimitation/>

Sikaripara Assembly constituency is part of [[Dumka (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
! colspan=4| [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1952]] ||William Hembrom || {{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Party}}
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''1957-77: Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]] ||Babulal Kisku || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]] ||rowspan=2|David Murmu || {{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]] ||rowspan=3|[[Nalin Soren]]
|-
| [[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|-
! colspan=4| [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2005]] || rowspan=4|[[Nalin Soren]] || {{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
| [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|[[Alok Kumar Soren]]
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Sikaripara<ref>{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Jharkhand Assembly Election Results 2024 - Seats won by JMM |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |access-date=24 November 2024 |date=24 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124045445/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |archive-date=24 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Alok Kumar Soren]] |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=1,02,199 |percentage=58.63% |change={{increase}}6.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Paritosh Soren |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=61,025 |percentage=35.01% |change={{increase}}2.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Habil Murmu |party=Independent politician |votes=2,158 |percentage=1.24% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Promila Marandi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,176 |percentage=0.67% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Siman Murmu |party=Indian National Socialistic Action Forces |votes=1,060 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=3,791 |percentage=2.17% |change={{decrease}}0.34 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=41,174 |percentage=23.62% |change= {{increase}}4.40 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,74,313 |percentage=75.55% |change= {{increase}}2.06 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,30,739 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.59 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |loser=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |swing= {{increase}}6.85 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Sikaripara<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/11813-jharkhand-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Jharkhand Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=9 February 2022 |date=6 February 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Nalin Soren |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=79,400 |percentage=51.78% |change={{increase}}9.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Paritosh Soren |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=49,929 |percentage=32.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh Murmu |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=5,164 |percentage=3.37% |change={{decrease}}22.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Salkhan Murmu |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=4,445 |percentage=2.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Habil Murmu |party=Independent politician |votes=2,375 |percentage=1.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Munni Hansda |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=1,950 |percentage=1.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Stephan Besra |party=Independent politician |votes=1,830 |percentage=1.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=3,852 |percentage=2.51% |change={{decrease}}0.49 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=29,471 |percentage=19.22% |change= {{increase}}2.58 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,53,333 |percentage=73.49% |change= {{decrease}}2.69 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,08,651 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.96 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |loser=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |swing= {{increase}}9.74 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Sikaripara<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3787-jharkhand-2014/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Nalin Soren |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=61,901 |percentage=42.04% |change={{increase}}13.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Paritosh Soren |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=37,400 |percentage=25.40% |change={{decrease}}1.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shivdhan Murmu |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=21,010 |percentage=14.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raja Marandi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,877 |percentage=5.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Joseph Besra |party=Independent politician |votes=3,096 |percentage=2.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunil Besra |party=Independent politician |votes=3,051 |percentage=2.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Munni Hansda |party=Marxist Co-Ordination |votes=2,644 |percentage=1.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=4,418 |percentage=3.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=24,501 |percentage=16.64% |change= {{increase}}15.71 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,47,226 |percentage=76.18% |change= {{increase}}12.21 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,93,266 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.81 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |loser=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |swing= {{increase}}13.74 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Sikaripara<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3786-jharkhand-2009/ |title=Jharkhand 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=20 August 2018 |access-date= 23 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Nalin Soren |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=30,474 |percentage=28.30% |change={{decrease}}1.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Paritosh Soren |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=29,471 |percentage=27.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raja Marandi |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=29,009 |percentage=26.94% |change={{increase}}0.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Munni Hansda |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=4,641 |percentage=4.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devid Murmu |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=3,816 |percentage=3.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pankaj Kumar Tudu |party=Independent politician |votes=2,169 |percentage=2.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hopna Baski |party=Independent politician |votes=2,157 |percentage=2.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,003 |percentage=0.93% |change= {{decrease}}2.37 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,07,673 |percentage=63.96% |change= {{increase}}9.93 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,68,335 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}2.70 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |loser=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |swing= {{decrease}}1.36 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2005===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Sikaripara<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3785-jharkhand-2005/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2005 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Nalin Soren |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=27,723 |percentage=29.66% |change={{decrease}}17.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raja Marandi |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=24,641 |percentage=26.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=David Murmu |party=All Jharkhand Students Union |votes=18,522 |percentage=19.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunil Kumar Marandi |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation |votes=7,800 |percentage=8.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Albinius Murmu |party=Independent politician |votes=3,283 |percentage=3.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramjiban Dehri |party=Independent politician |votes=2,526 |percentage=2.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Babu Lal Kisku |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,955 |percentage=2.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,082 |percentage=3.30% |change= {{decrease}}16.20 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=93,471 |percentage=54.03% |change= {{increase}}0.67 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,73,000 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.59 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |loser=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |swing= {{decrease}}17.80 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2000===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Sikaripara<ref>{{cite web|url = https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical%20Report/2000.pdf |title = Statistical Report on General Election, 2000 to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar|access-date = 16 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005142035/https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical%20Report/2000.pdf |archive-date= 5 October 2023 |website=ceobihar.nic.in |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Bihar}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Nalin Soren |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=39,259 |percentage=47.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chhoto Murmu |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=23,126 |percentage=27.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunil Kumar Marandi |party=Independent politician |votes=7,366 |percentage=8.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Promodani Hansdak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,813 |percentage=7.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Praful Soren |party=Communist Party of India |votes=5,618 |percentage=6.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lalita Hembrom |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=603 |percentage=0.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shishu Hembrom |party=Amra Bangalee |votes=558 |percentage=0.67% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,133 |percentage=19.50% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=82,727 |percentage=54.09% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,55,038 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Shikaripara]]
* [[Ranishwar]]
* [[Kathikund]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Politics of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Dumka district]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2000]]

Uma Madhava Reddy

2026-04-16T08:44:44Z

IolaBrookshire: Created initial article initial version

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Uma Madhava Reddy
| office = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly]] [[United Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start = 2000
| term_end = 2014
| predecessor = [[Alimineti Madhava Reddy]]
| successor = [[Pailla Shekar Reddy]]
| constituency = [[Bhongir (Assembly constituency)|Bhongir]]
| party = [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
| other_party = [[Telugu Desam Party]] ({{small|2000–2017}})
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Alimineti Madhava Reddy]]||2000|end=died}}
| children = 1
}}

'''Alimineti Uma Madhava Reddy''' is an Indian politician from the state of [[Telangana]]. She served as a cabinet minister in the [[second N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry]] and was the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) from [[Bhongir (Assembly constituency)|Bhongir Assembly constituency]] representing the [[Telugu Desam Party]]. Currently, she is a member of [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]].

== Early life ==
Uma Madhava Reddy was married to [[Alimineti Madhava Reddy]], former MLA from Bhongir constituency. They have a son, Sandeep Reddy, who is also a politician.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=15 December 2017|title=Uma Madhava Reddy, son Sandeep join TRS|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/uma-madhava-reddy-son-sandeep-join-trs/article21666151.ece|url-status=live|access-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122055430/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/uma-madhava-reddy-son-sandeep-join-trs/article21666151.ece|archive-date=22 November 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Reddy's husband Madhava Reddy was killed by [[Peoples War Group]] in March 2000. Post his death, she entered politics by contesting the now-vacant Bhongir constituency by-polls representing the [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP) and won as the MLA in May. Soon after in November, she was made a cabinet minister by the then Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=5 November 2000|title=Naidu to induct former minister's widow into cabinet on Monday|work=[[Rediff.com]]|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2000/nov/05ap.htm|url-status=live|access-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015204242/http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/nov/05ap.htm|archive-date=15 October 2018}}</ref>

She later contested the [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]] and [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]] Andhra Pradesh Assembly elections from TDP and won as the MLA from Bhongir constituency. She lost the [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014 election]] to [[Pailla Shekar Reddy]] of [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] (TRS).<ref>{{Cite news|date=14 December 2017|title=Uma Madhav Reddy, son to join TRS today|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/uma-madhav-reddy-son-to-join-trs-today/article21616306.ece|url-status=live|access-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109041519/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/uma-madhav-reddy-son-to-join-trs-today/article21616306.ece|archive-date=9 November 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=24 September 2014|title=Secretariat drowns in Bathukamma spirit|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/secretariat-drowns-in-bathukamma-spirit/article6442906.ece|url-status=live|access-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924201738/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/secretariat-drowns-in-bathukamma-spirit/article6442906.ece|archive-date=24 September 2014|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In December 2017, she, along with her son, joined TRS.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, Uma Madhava}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Former members of Telugu Desam Party]]
[[Category:Bharat Rashtra Samithi politicians]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Wangjing Tentha Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:37:50Z

IolaBrookshire: Created basic details added tags

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Manipur State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Wangjing Tentha
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 34
| state = [[Manipur]]
| district = [[Thoubal district|Thoubal]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Outer Manipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Outer Manipur]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Paonam Brojen]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| electors = {{formatnum:33398}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14166-manipur-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Manipur General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=25 May 2022}}</ref>{{update after|2027|6}}
}}
'''Wangjing Tentha''' is one of the 60 [[Manipur Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Manipur]] state in [[India]].<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/magazine/2019/gels/CEO%20Report%202019%20.pdf |title= Report - General Election to Lok Sabha, 2019|website=ceomanipur.nic.in |date= |author=Chief Electoral Officer, Manipur |accessdate= December 27, 2020}}</ref>

It is part of [[Thoubal district]]. As of 2022, its representative is [[Paonam Brojen]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name=election2022/>

== Extent ==
Wangjing tentha is the 34th among 60 assembly constituencies of Manipur. It consists of 39 parts namely:- 1 - Tentha Khunjao Makha Leikai, 2 - Tentha Makha Leikai, 3 - Tentha Khongbal (A), 4 - Tentha Khongbal (B), 5 - Tentha Heibung, ...39 - Phundrei (A).{{update after|2027|5}}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1972 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Naorem Kunjobapu || {{Full party name with color|Manipur Peoples Party}}
|-
| [[1974 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1974]] || Saqam Ibomcha Singh || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1980 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Laishram Saratchandra Singh
|-
| [[1984 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1984]] || rowspan=2 | Moirangthem Nara Singh || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1990 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
| [[1995 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || rowspan=2 | Moirangthem Hemanta Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2000]] || {{Full party name with color|Manipur State Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2002 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2002]] || Moirangthem Nara Singh || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[2007 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2007]] || Moirangthem Hemanta Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2012]] || rowspan=4 | [[Paonam Brojen]] || {{Full party name with color|Manipur State Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2017]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2020 elections in India#Manipur|2020 by-election]]<ref name="Manipur Bypolls: BJP wins 4 out of 5 Assembly seats in Wango, Singhat, Saitu and Wangjing Tentha">{{cite news |last1=India TV |first1= |last2= |date=10 November 2020 |title=Manipur Bypolls: BJP wins 4 out of 5 Assembly seats in Wango, Singhat, Saitu and Wangjing Tentha |language=en |work= |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news-manipur-bypolls-bjp-wins-4-out-of-5-assembly-seats-oinam-lukhoi-singh-wango-singhat-saitu-wangjing-tentha-663836 |access-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228082701/https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news-manipur-bypolls-bjp-wins-4-out-of-5-assembly-seats-oinam-lukhoi-singh-wango-singhat-saitu-wangjing-tentha-663836 |archive-date=28 December 2023}}</ref> || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

== Election results ==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2022|2022]]|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|51.69}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly By-election 2020|2020 by-election]]|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|52.01}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2017|2017]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|43.37}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2012|2012]]|{{party color|Manipur State Congress Party}}|45.50}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2007|2007]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|44.86}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2002|2002]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|43.16}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2000|2000]]|{{party color|Manipur State Congress Party}}|34.69}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1995|1995]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|41.52}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1990|1990]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|31.07}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1984|1984]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|19.59}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1980|1980]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|25.02}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1974|1974]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|21.53}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1972|1972]]|{{party color|Manipur Peoples Party}}|31.91}}

}}

===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Wangjing Tentha<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2022 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102703/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Paonam Brojen]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=15,765 |percentage=51.69% |change={{decrease}}0.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Hemanta Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,852 |percentage=45.42% |change={{decrease}}1.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Usham Manglem |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=723 |percentage=2.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=158 |percentage=0.52% |change={{decrease}}0.02 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,913 |percentage=6.27% |change= {{increase}}1.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=30,498 |percentage=91.32% |change= {{decrease}}0.98 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 33,398 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.63 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}0.31 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly By-election 2020 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2020 elections in India#Manipur|2020 Manipur Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Wangjing Tentha<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12753-bye-elections-2020-parliamentary-and-assemblies/ |title=Bye Elections 2020 (Parliamentary and Assemblies) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Paonam Brojen]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=15,321 |percentage=52.01% |change={{increase}}14.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Hemanta Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,808 |percentage=46.87% |change={{increase}}3.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sarangthem Manaobi |party=Independent politician |votes=331 |percentage=1.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=159 |percentage=0.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,513 |percentage=5.14% |change= {{decrease}}1.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=29,460 |percentage=92.84% |change= {{increase}}0.12 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 31,919 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}0.55 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}8.64 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Wangjing Tentha<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2017 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630093109/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Paonam Brojen]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,830 |percentage=43.37% |change={{increase}}11.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Hemanta |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=10,967 |percentage=37.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Haobam Robindro Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=5,562 |percentage=18.80% |change={{decrease}}3.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=105 |percentage=0.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,863 |percentage=6.30% |change= {{decrease}}7.69 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=29,585 |percentage=92.17% |change= {{decrease}}0.04 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 32,097 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.32 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Manipur State Congress Party |swing= {{decrease}}2.13 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Wangjing Tentha<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2012 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929115647/https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-date=29 September 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Paonam Brojen]] |party=Manipur State Congress Party |votes=12,207 |percentage=45.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Hemanta Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,454 |percentage=31.51% |change={{decrease}}13.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Nara Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=5,950 |percentage=22.18% |change={{decrease}}20.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sagolsem Ibochoubi Singh |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=218 |percentage=0.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,753 |percentage=13.99% |change= {{increase}}11.41 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=26,829 |percentage=92.21% |change= {{increase}}1.46 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,094 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.61 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Manipur State Congress Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}0.64 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Wangjing Tentha<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114082304/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Hemanta Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,007 |percentage=44.86% |change={{increase}}28.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Nara Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=10,375 |percentage=42.28% |change={{decrease}}0.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sagolsem Ibochoubi Singh |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=1,944 |percentage=7.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laishram Krishna Singh |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=1,211 |percentage=4.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=632 |percentage=2.58% |change= {{decrease}}4.56 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=24,537 |percentage=90.76% |change= {{decrease}}0.77 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,036 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.48 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= {{increase}}1.70 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Wangjing Tentha<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114065248/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Nara Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=9,249 |percentage=43.16% |change={{increase}}11.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Hemanta Singh |party=Manipur State Congress Party |votes=7,720 |percentage=36.03% |change={{increase}}1.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sapam Suresh Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,491 |percentage=16.29% |change={{increase}}6.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sagolsem Ibochoubi Singh |party=Samata Party |votes=534 |percentage=2.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sorokhaibam Gitchandra Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=120 |percentage=0.56% |change={{decrease}}14.70 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,529 |percentage=7.14% |change= {{increase}}4.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,429 |percentage=91.53% |change= {{decrease}}1.08 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 23,412 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.20 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Manipur State Congress Party |swing= {{increase}}8.47 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2000 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Wangjing Tentha}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Hemanta Singh |party=Manipur State Congress Party |votes=7,288 |percentage=34.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Nara Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=6,703 |percentage=31.91% |change={{decrease}}0.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sapam Suresh Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,205 |percentage=15.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sagolsem Ibochoubi Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,017 |percentage=9.60% |change={{decrease}}31.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khundrakpam Maniton |party=Federal Party of Manipur |votes=1,514 |percentage=7.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=585 |percentage=2.78% |change= {{decrease}}6.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,009 |percentage=92.61% |change= {{decrease}}0.90 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 22,686 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.30 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Manipur State Congress Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}6.83 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Wangjing Tentha}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Hemanta Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,638 |percentage=41.52% |change={{increase}}13.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Nara Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=5,925 |percentage=32.20% |change={{increase}}1.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sagolsem Ibochoubi Singh |party=Samata Party |votes=4,450 |percentage=24.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Maibam Rajen Singh |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=166 |percentage=0.90% |change={{decrease}}18.02 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,713 |percentage=9.31% |change= {{increase}}5.89 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=18,398 |percentage=93.50% |change= {{increase}}3.33 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,676 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}9.29 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= {{increase}}10.44 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Wangjing Tentha}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Nara Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=6,078 |percentage=31.07% |change={{increase}}11.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Hemanta |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,409 |percentage=27.65% |change={{increase}}16.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sagolsem Ibochoubi Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,774 |percentage=19.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sapam Ibocha Singh |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=3,701 |percentage=18.92% |change={{increase}}5.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Maibam Rajen Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=277 |percentage=1.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=669 |percentage=3.42% |change= {{increase}}0.37 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,561 |percentage=90.18% |change= {{increase}}0.71 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 21,692 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.46 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= {{increase}}11.49 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1984 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Wangjing Tentha}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Nara Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=3,079 |percentage=19.59% |change={{increase}}0.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sapam Ibocha Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,599 |percentage=16.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sagolsem Ibochoubi Singh |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=2,164 |percentage=13.77% |change={{increase}}8.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Hemanta |party=Independent politician |votes=1,893 |percentage=12.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kh. Leimu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,716 |percentage=10.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laishram Saratchandra Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,700 |percentage=10.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tekcham Angojao |party=Independent politician |votes=1,488 |percentage=9.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Paonam Birahari |party=Independent politician |votes=502 |percentage=3.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Maibam Rajen Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=205 |percentage=1.30% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=480 |percentage=3.05% |change= {{decrease}}3.08 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=15,720 |percentage=89.47% |change= {{increase}}2.55 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,570 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.64 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}5.44 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Wangjing Tentha}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Laishram Saratchandra Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,221 |percentage=25.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Nara Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=2,432 |percentage=18.89% |change={{increase}}7.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sapam Ibocha Singh |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=2,411 |percentage=18.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tekcham Angojao |party=Independent politician |votes=1,373 |percentage=10.67% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laishram Khombon Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=1,168 |percentage=9.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khundrakpam Leimbu |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes=1,113 |percentage=8.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Brajamani |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=728 |percentage=5.66% |change={{decrease}}12.41 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=789 |percentage=6.13% |change= {{increase}}2.67 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,872 |percentage=86.92% |change= {{decrease}}3.44 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,809 |ref = |change= {{increase}}21.96 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}3.50 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1974 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Wangjing Tentha}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Saqam Ibomcha Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,362 |percentage=21.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Naorem Kunjobabu |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=1,982 |percentage=18.06% |change={{decrease}}13.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laishram Saratchandra Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,912 |percentage=17.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laishram Khombon Singh |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes=1,531 |percentage=13.95% |change={{decrease}}12.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khundrakpam Lelmu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,389 |percentage=12.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Nara Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,221 |percentage=11.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moirangthem Tompok Singh |party=Socialist Party (India) |votes=141 |percentage=1.28% |change={{decrease}}8.29 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=380 |percentage=3.46% |change= {{decrease}}2.48 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,973 |percentage=90.36% |change= {{increase}}4.62 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,143 |ref = |change= {{increase}}24.02 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Manipur Peoples Party |swing= {{decrease}}10.39 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Wangjing Tentha}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Naorem Kunjobapu |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=2,679 |percentage=31.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laisram Khomdon |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes=2,180 |percentage=25.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sapam Chaoba |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,484 |percentage=17.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thokchom Sajou |party=Independent politician |votes=1,053 |percentage=12.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Langpoklakpam Samu |party=Socialist Party (India) |votes=804 |percentage=9.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=499 |percentage=5.94% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,395 |percentage=85.74% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,791 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Manipur Peoples Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Manipur Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Thoubal district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Manipur Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/81-manipur/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Manipur}}

{{coord|24.56|94.03|display=title}}

[[Category:Thoubal district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Manipur]]
[[Category:Politics of Manipur]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Manipur]]

Girgaon Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:20:44Z

IolaBrookshire: new data

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Girgaon
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district =
| division =
| loksabha_cons =
| constituency_no =
| established = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| reservation =
| abolished = 1978
| electors =
}}
'''[[Girgaon]] Vidhan Sabha seat''' ''(formerly Girgaum)'' was one of the seats in [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] in India from 1962 to 1978. It was made defunct after the constituency map of India was redrawn around 1975.

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Atre Prahlad Keshav || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || rowspan=2 | [[Anant Namjoshi]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || [[Pramod Navalkar]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''1978 onwards: Constituency defunct''}}
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Girgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Pramod Navalkar]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 25,636 |percentage = 50.76% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Khadikar Y. Vinayak |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 24,867 |percentage = 49.24% |change={{increase}}6.11 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 769 |percentage = 1.52% |change= {{decrease}}4.65 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 51,390 |percentage = 67.22% |change= {{decrease}}6.07 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 50,503}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,447|ref = |change= {{decrease}}0.99 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}7.63 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Girgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Anant Namjoshi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 23,572 |percentage = 43.13% |change={{decrease}}5.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=A. Pendse |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 20,198 |percentage = 36.95% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=G. Khare |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 5,972 |percentage = 10.93% |change={{decrease}}0.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=J. C. Gandhi |party=Swatantra Party |votes = 3,679 |percentage = 6.73% |change={{increase}}4.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=B. R. Shankarsheth |party=Independent politician |votes = 841 |percentage = 1.54% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=P. Bakhale |party=Independent politician |votes = 394 |percentage = 0.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,374 |percentage = 6.17% |change= {{decrease}}15.84 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 56,588 |percentage = 73.29% |change= {{increase}}9.42 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 54,656}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 77,209|ref = |change= {{decrease}}0.70 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}5.42 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Girgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Anant Namjoshi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 24,107 |percentage = 48.55% |change={{increase}}9.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Govind Moreshwar Pendse |party=Independent politician |votes = 13,178 |percentage = 26.54% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dattaprasannasadashiv Katdare |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 5,777 |percentage = 11.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Damodar Motiram Vagal |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 3,504 |percentage = 7.06% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chandravati Krishnarao Bengeri |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,882 |percentage = 3.79% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Yoganand |party=Swatantra Party |votes = 1,059 |percentage = 2.13% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,929 |percentage = 22.01% |change= {{increase}}1.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 51,917 |percentage = 66.77% |change= {{decrease}}11.60 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 49,657}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 77,750|ref = |change= {{increase}}12.87 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}11.23 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1957===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Girgaum<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Atre Prahlad Keshav |party=Independent politician |votes = 31,077 |percentage = 59.78% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Modi Sulochana Mohanlal |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 20,273 |percentage = 38.99% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bengeri Chandrawati Krishnarao |party=Independent politician |votes = 639 |percentage = 1.23% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,804 |percentage = 20.78% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 51,989 |percentage = 75.47% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 51,989}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 68,886|ref = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coords|18.957|72.820|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politics of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1978]]
[[Category:1978 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Amreli Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:19:45Z

IolaBrookshire: Done.

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Amreli
| mla = [[Kaushik Kantibhai Vekariya]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Amreli district|Amreli]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Amreli Lok Sabha constituency|Amreli]]
| established = 1962
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:283793}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 95
}}

'''Amreli''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |format=PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref>

It is part of [[Amreli district|Amreli]] district.

==List of segments==
This assembly seat represents the following segments<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |format=PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref>
#Amreli city
# Amreli Taluka
# Vadia Taluka – Entire taluka except village – Devalki

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{|class ="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1962 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|[[Jivraj Narayan Mehta]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|1964 (by polls)
|[[P. N. Nanji]]
|{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
|[[1967 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|rowspan=3|[[Narsinhdas Gordhandas Gondhiya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1972 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1975 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1975]]
|-
|[[1980 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|[[Dwarkadas Mohanlal Patel]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1985 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|rowspan=2|[[Dileepbhai Sanghani]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[1990 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
|1991 (by polls)
|rowspan=3|[[Parsottambhai Rupala]]
|-
|[[1995 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
|[[1998 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
|[[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|[[Paresh Dhanani]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|[[Dileepbhai Sanghani]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|rowspan=2|[[Paresh Dhanani]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<ref name=election2017/>
|-
|[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Kaushik Vekariya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
===2022===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2022]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kaushik Vekariya
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 89,034
|percentage = 54.89
|change = +10.72
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Paresh Dhanani]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=42,377|percentage=26.12|change=-25.13}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ravi Dhanani|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=26,445|percentage=16.3|change=''New''}}

{{Election box majority||votes=46,657|percentage=28.77|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=162215|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|loser = Indian National Congress
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2017===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2017]]:Amreli<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Paresh Dhanani
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 87,032
|percentage = 51.25
|change =
}}
{{ Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Bavkubhai Undhad
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 75,003
|percentage = 44.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 12,029
|percentage = 7.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,69,808
|percentage = 63.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|loser =
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2012]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Paresh Dhanani
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 86583
|percentage = 50.89
|change =
}}
{{ Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Dileep Sanghani
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 56690
|percentage = 32.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 29893
|percentage = 17.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 170143
|percentage = 68.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2007===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2012]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Dileep Sanghani
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 48767
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{ Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Paresh Dhanani
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 44578
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 4189
|percentage = 17.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes =
|percentage = 65
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|loser = Indian National Congress
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2002===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2002]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Paresh Dhanani]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 51109
|percentage = 56.84
|change =
}}
{{ Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Purshottam Rupala
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 34795
|percentage = 38.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 16314
|percentage = 18.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 89904
|percentage = 68.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Amreli district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat}}
{{Authority control}}

{{coord|21.6|71.22|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Amreli district]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Gujarat]]

NBA Slam

2026-04-15T01:56:14Z

IolaBrookshire: Started some data w/ refs...

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| alt_name = NBA Slam: This is Why We Play
| genre = [[Sport]]
| presenter = [[Rannvijay Singha]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi English
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes =
| list_episodes =
| producer = [[Sony SIX]] [[Sony ESPN]]
| location =
| camera =
| runtime =
| company =
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2016|09|24}}<ref name=nbaslam>{{Cite web| title ='NBA Slam' on Sony Six to feature Rannvijay Singha| accessdate =30 October 2016| url =http://www.televisionpost.com/television/nba-slam-on-sony-six-to-feature-rannvijay-singha/| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20161003224801/http://www.televisionpost.com/television/nba-slam-on-sony-six-to-feature-rannvijay-singha/| archive-date =3 October 2016| url-status =dead}}</ref>
| last_aired =
| related =
}}

'''''NBA Slam''''' is an Indian television show about [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] [[basketball]] on the [[Sony SIX]] channel.<ref name=nbaslam/> It showcases the abilities and on-court rivalry of two rival NBA star players through the eyes of two Indian celebrity fans. The first episode featured [[Bollywood]] actor and [[VJ (media personality)|VJ]] [[Rannvijay Singha]] and VJ [[Varun Sood (actor)|Varun Sood]].<ref name=nbaslam/>

== Episodes ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Episode No. !!width=220| Episode Name!!width=150| Celebrity Guest
|-
| 1||NBA Slam Is Here!<ref>{{Cite web| title =NBA Slam Is Here!| accessdate =30 October 2016| url =http://india.nba.com/news/nba-slam-2/| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160927004607/http://india.nba.com/news/nba-slam-2/| archive-date =27 September 2016| url-status =dead}}</ref>|| [[Varun Sood (actor)|Varun Sood]]
|-
| 2|| Seth Curry In The House <ref>{{Cite web| title =NBA Slam: Episode 2 – Seth Curry In The House| accessdate = 30 October 2016| url=http://india.nba.com/news/nba-slam-episode-2-seth-curry-house/}}</ref> || [[Seth Curry]]
|-
| 3||The D-Wade, DeRozan Debate<ref>{{Cite web| title =The D-Wade, DeRozan Debate| accessdate =30 October 2016| url =http://india.nba.com/news/nba-slam-episode-3-d-wade-derozan-debate/}}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>|| [[Varun Sood (actor)|Varun Sood]]<ref>{{Cite web| title =Celebrity guest Varun Sood is back on NBA Slam in another exciting face off with Rannvijay Singh Singha| accessdate =30 October 2016| url =http://india.nba.com/news/nba-slam-episode-3-d-wade-derozan-debate/}}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| 4||Kicking Into High Gear With Robin Lopez<ref>{{Cite web| title =Kicking Into High Gear With Robin Lopez| accessdate = 30 October 2016| url=http://india.nba.com/news/nba-slam-episode-4-kicking-high-gear-robin-lopez/}}</ref> ||[[Robin Lopez]]<ref>{{Cite web| title =Chicago Bulls center Robin Lopez brings his infectious energy and charm to another edition of NBA Slam| accessdate = 30 October 2016| url=http://india.nba.com/news/nba-slam-episode-4-kicking-high-gear-robin-lopez/}}</ref>
|-
| 5||The Horford-Aldridge Conundrum<ref>{{Cite web| title =The Horford-Aldridge Conundrum| accessdate = 30 October 2016| url=https://india.nba.com/news/nba-slam-episode-5-horford-aldridge-conundrum/}}</ref> ||[[Varun Sood (actor)|Varun Sood]]<ref>{{Cite web| title =In this edition, Rannvijay and Varun go head to head defending their favourite forwards | accessdate = 30 October 2016| url=https://india.nba.com/news/nba-slam-episode-5-horford-aldridge-conundrum/}}</ref>
|-
| 6||NBA Bloopers Edition<ref>{{Cite web| title =Bloopers Edition with Cyrus Broacha| accessdate = 4 November 2016| url=https://india.nba.com/news/nba-slam-bloopers-edition-cyrus-broacha/}}</ref> ||[[Cyrus Broacha]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:National Basketball Association]]
[[Category:Indian sports television series]]
[[Category:Basketball television series]]

Hafizpet railway station

2026-04-07T06:02:08Z

IolaBrookshire: New Basic Data More To Come

{{Short description|Railway station in Hyderabad, Telangana, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Hafizpet
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| style = Indian Railways
| symbol_location =
| symbol =
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] and [[Hyderabad MMTS]] station
| image = Palnadu Exp. (40653870554).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Palnadu Superfast Express passing through Hafizpet railway station
| address =
| borough = Hyderabad
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.360|78.492|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline}}
| owned = Indian Railways
| operator = South Central Railways
| line = Falaknuma–Lingampalli route Hyderabad–Lingampalli route
| distance =
| platforms = 2
| tracks = 4
| train_operators =
| connections = Miyapur metro station
| structure =
| parking =
| bicycle =
| code = HFZ
| zone =
| website =
| opened = 
| closed = 
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| services =
| other_services =
}}

'''Hafizpet railway station''' is a third grade suburban (SG–3) category [[List of railway stations in India|Indian railway station]] in [[Secunderabad railway division]] of [[South Central Railway zone]].<ref name="railway_station">{{cite web |title=List of Zone/Category wise Railway station opened for Passenger services in Indian Railway (As on 01.12.2022) |url=https://indianrailwaysresult.in/Railway_station_zone-category_wise_list.pdf |website=Indian Railways Result |publisher=Centre For Railway Information Systems |access-date=15 April 2025 |page=97 |format=PDF}}</ref> It is located in [[Hyderabad]] of the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Telangana]].<ref name="railway_station" /> It was selected as one of the 21 stations to be developed under ''Amrit Bharat Stations'' scheme.<ref>{{cite news |title=21 railway stations in Telangana to be developed with Rs 894 crore |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/telangana/2023/Aug/02/21-railway-stations-in-telanganato-be-developed-with-rs-894-crore-2601015.html |access-date=15 April 2025 |work=The New Indian Express |date=2 August 2023 |location=Hyderabad |language=en}}</ref>

==Lines==
*[[Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{FL Route (MMTS)}}
{{HL Route (MMTS)}}
{{MMTS Stations}}

{{coord|17.4826|78.3633|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:MMTS stations in Hyderabad]]
[[Category:Secunderabad railway division]]

{{Telangana-railstation-stub}}

5-6 moneylending

2026-04-04T10:07:32Z

IolaBrookshire: Stub.

{{Short description|Informal lending practice in the Philippines}}
{{Other uses|5/6 (disambiguation){{!}}5/6}}

{{Infobox occupation
| name = 5-6 moneylending
| synonyms =
| pronounce = Five Six
| image =
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption =
| official_names = Five-Six Moneylenders, Bombay 5-6
| type =
| activity_sector = [[Informal economy]]
| competencies =
| formation =
| employment_field =
| related_occupation = [[loan]]
}}

'''Bombay 5-6''', also known as simply '''5-6''' (pronounced "five six"), is an [[Informal economy|informal]] financial platform in the [[Philippines]]. Lenders do not require collateral, including documents, to potential borrowers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is ‘5-6’ And Why Should You Never Resort To Borrowing From Shady Lenders? |date=October 8, 2014 |url=https://www.ecomparemo.com/info/what-is-5-6-and-why-should-you-never-resort-to-borrowing-from-shady-lenders |access-date=October 27, 2024 |publisher=eCompareMo.com}}</ref>

The Bombay 5-6 moneylending system is an informal lending practice prevalent in the [[Philippines]], historically associated with small-scale, short-term loans provided by Indian-Filipino lenders, often colloquially called "Bombay". This system is named "5-6" due to its interest structure: for every PHP 5 borrowed, borrowers repay PHP 6, signifying a 20% interest rate. The system is notable for its high accessibility and absence of stringent documentation, as lenders usually offer loans directly in markets or neighborhoods and conduct daily or weekly collections in person.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gonzales |first=Iris |date=November 4, 2019 |title=Gov’t campaign vs ‘5-6’ lenders successful |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2019/11/04/1965690/govt-campaign-vs-5-6-lenders-successful |access-date=October 27, 2024 |work=philstar.com}}</ref>

==History==
The 5-6 moneylending tradition likely dates back to the early 20th century when Indian immigrants arrived in the Philippines, particularly from the Punjab region. Many became informal lenders to provide easy access to cash for small business owners, market vendors, and individuals who lacked access to formal financial services. This method of lending evolved to fill a financial gap, particularly among micro-entrepreneurs needing quick capital for inventory or small expenses.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kondo |first=Mari |date=October 4, 2003 |title=The “Bombay 5-6”: Last Resource Informal Financiers for Philippine Micro-Enterprises |url=https://kyotoreview.org/issue-4/the-bombay-5-6-last-resource-informal-financiers-for-philippine-micro-enterprises/ |access-date=October 27, 2024 |work=Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia}}</ref>

Through the Filipino Lending Company Regulation Act of 2007 (Republic Act No. 9474) and the Truth in Lending Act (Republic Act No. 3765), the 5-6 moneylending practice is generally considered illegal due to regulations, usurious interest rates, and undocumented activities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 22, 2024 |title=Understanding Legal Penalties under the Five-Six (5/6) Lending Practice in the Philippines |url=https://www.respicio.ph/commentaries/understanding-legal-penalties-under-the-five-six-56-lending-practice-in-the-philippines |access-date=October 27, 2024 |website=Respicio & Co}}</ref>

==Key features of the 5-6 system==
The 5-6 system remains a topic of debate in the Philippines, balancing between its perceived exploitative nature and the role it plays in providing accessible capital for low-income earners and small businesses.

* High accessibility: Loans are easy to obtain without formal requirements like credit checks, collateral, or lengthy paperwork, making them attractive for individuals without access to banks.
* Interest rate: The standard 20% interest rate over short periods can make repayment challenging, as the daily or weekly collection may strain borrowers’ cash flow.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cruz |first=Efren |date=April 13, 2016 |title=How add-on-rate, 5-6 loans work |url=https://business.inquirer.net/209425/add-rate-5-6-loans-work |access-date=October 27, 2024 |work=inquirer.net}}</ref>
* Reputation and risks: The high-interest rates have led to public criticism, often describing the practice as exploitative. However, supporters argue that 5-6 fills a critical role by offering credit where traditional financial institutions are unavailable or inaccessible.

==Criticism==
The Philippine government has campaigned against the informal 5-6 moneylending practice due to its high-interest rates, which place significant financial strain on low-income borrowers. Former President [[Rodrigo Duterte]], during his administration, explicitly voiced concerns over 5-6 lending, calling it "predatory." In response, the [[Department of Trade and Industry (Philippines)|Department of Trade and Industry]] (DTI) and other government agencies implemented initiatives aimed at providing alternative, low-interest loan options for small entrepreneurs, such as the ''Pondo sa Pagbabago at Pag-asenso'' (P3) program. This program offers affordable loans with interest rates considerably lower than those of the 5-6 system, thereby reducing reliance on informal moneylenders.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 10, 2017 |title=5 Reasons Why Duterte Ordered To Arrest 5-6 Money Lenders In The Philippines |url=https://cashmart.ph/5-reasons-why-duterte-ordered-to-arrest-5-6-money-lenders-in-the-philippines/ |access-date=October 27, 2024 |website=cashmart.ph}}</ref>

The [[Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas]] (BSP), the country's [[central bank]], has also engaged in financial literacy programs to educate citizens on the risks of high-interest lending and encourage formal banking services. By promoting more affordable lending options and raising awareness, the government has sought to curb the dependency on informal moneylending practices like 5-6 and provide a safer financial environment for micro-entrepreneurs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suyat |first=Katrine Paula |date=January 16, 2017 |title=Can 5-6 lenders be arrested without a warrant? |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/economy/595960/can-5-6-lenders-be-arrested-without-a-warrant/story/ |access-date=October 27, 2024 |work=GMA News}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Loan shark]]
* [[Microfinance]]
* [[Payday lending]]
* [[Poverty industry]]
* [[Hawala]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Economy of the Philippines}}

[[Category:Financial services in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Loans]]
[[Category:Interest rates]]
[[Category:Culture of Indian diaspora]]
[[Category:Informal finance]]

2026 Mumbai Open

2026-04-02T04:09:48Z

IolaBrookshire: New.

{{Infobox tennis event|2026|Mumbai Open|
| date=2–8 February
| edition=5th
| draw=32S / 8D / 16Q
| prize_money=$115,000
| surface=[[Hardcourt|Hard]]
| champs={{flagicon|THA}} [[Mananchaya Sawangkaew]]
| champd={{flagicon|}} [[Polina Iatcenko]] / {{flagicon|}} [[Elena Pridankina]]
| location=[[Mumbai]], India
| venue=[[Cricket Club of India]]
}}

The '''2026 [[L&T Mumbai Open]]''' was a professional women's [[tennis]] tournament played on outdoor [[hardcourt|hard courts]]. It was the fifth edition of the tournament which was also part of the [[2026 WTA 125 tournaments]]. It took place at the [[Cricket Club of India]] from 2 to 8 February 2026.<ref>{{cite web|title=L&T Mumbai Open Overview|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/tournaments/1100/mumbai-125/2026|website=wtatennis.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2026 L&T Mumbai Open WTA 125K Series event returns for its fifth edition; Main Draw to be held from February 2 to 8 at MSLTA|url=https://indiantennisdaily.com/2026/01/21/2026-lt-mumbai-open-wta-125k-series-event-returns-for-its-fifth-edition-main-draw-to-be-held-from-february-2-to-8-at-mslta/|website=indiantennisdaily.com|publisher=Indian Tennis Daily}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=L&T Mumbai Open WTA 125K Series Set To Return For Fifth Edition|url=https://www.newsband.in/article_detail/lt-mumbai-open-wta-125k-series-set-to-return-for-fifth-edition|website=newsband.in}}</ref>

==WTA singles main-draw entrants==
===Seeds===
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! width="70"| Country
! width="175"| Player
! Rank1
! Seed
|-
|<s>{{flag|NZL}}</s>
|<s>[[Lulu Sun]]</s>
|<s>86</s>
|<s>1</s>
|-
|{{flag|LAT}}
|[[Darja Semeņistaja]]
|98
|2
|-
|{{flag|FRA}}
|[[Léolia Jeanjean]]
|103
|3
|-
|{{flag|BEL}}
|[[Hanne Vandewinkel]]
|125
|4
|-
|{{flag|THA}}
|[[Lanlana Tararudee]]
|131
|5
|-
|<s>{{flag|UZB}}</s>
|<s>[[Polina Kudermetova]]</s>
|<s>150</s>
|<s>6</s>
|-style="background:#fcc;"
|{{flag|AUT}}
|[[Lilli Tagger]]
|155
|7
|-
|
|[[Polina Iatcenko]]
|159
|8
|-
|
|[[Tatiana Prozorova]]
|174
|9
|}
* 1 Rankings are as of 19 January 2026.

===Other entrants===
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vaishnavi Adkar]]
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shrivalli Bhamidipaty]]
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vaidehi Chaudhari]]
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Maaya Rajeshwaran]]

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Misaki Matsuda]]
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Zuzanna Pawlikowska]]
* {{flagicon|THA}} [[Peangtarn Plipuech]]
* {{flagicon|}} [[Kristiana Sidorova]]

The following players received entry as lucky losers:
* {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Nicole Fossa Huergo]]
* {{flagicon|MAR}} [[Yasmine Kabbaj]]
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ankita Raina]]

===Withdrawals===
; Before the tournament
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Marina Bassols Ribera]] → replaced by {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Diletta Cherubini]]
* {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Kimberly Birrell]] → replaced by {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sahaja Yamalapalli]]
* {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Joanna Garland]] → replaced by {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Tian Fangran]]
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Haruka Kaji]] → replaced by {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Eri Shimizu]]
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Carole Monnet]] → replaced by {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Miho Kuramochi]]
* {{flagicon|UZB}} [[Polina Kudermetova]] → replaced by {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Nicole Fossa Huergo]] (LL)
* {{flagicon|NED}} [[Arantxa Rus]] → replaced by {{flagicon|INA}} [[Priska Nugroho]]
* {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Lulu Sun]] → replaced by {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ankita Raina]] (LL)
* {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Tara Würth]] → replaced by {{flagicon|SVK}} [[Viktória Morvayová]]

===Retirement===
* {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Mingge Xu]] (illness)

==WTA doubles main-draw entrants==
===Seeds===
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!width="70"| Country
!width="175"| Player
!width="70"| Country
!width="175"| Player
!Rank1
!Seed
|-
|{{flag|IND}}
|[[Rutuja Bhosale]]
|{{flag|THA}}
|[[Peangtarn Plipuech]]
|259
|1
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|
|[[Polina Iatcenko]]
|
|[[Elena Pridankina]]
|350
|2
|}
* 1 Rankings as of 19 January 2026.

===Other entrants===
The following team received a wildcard into the doubles main draw:
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shrivalli Bhamidipaty]] / {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ankita Raina]]

==Champions==

===Singles===
{{main|2026 Mumbai Open – Singles}}
* {{flagicon|THA}} '''[[Mananchaya Sawangkaew]]''' def. {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Lilli Tagger]] 6–4, 6–3

===Doubles===
{{main|2026 Mumbai Open – Doubles}}
* {{flagicon|}} '''[[Polina Iatcenko]]''' / {{flagicon|}} '''[[Elena Pridankina]]''' def. {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Nicole Fossa Huergo]] / {{flagicon|THA}} [[Mananchaya Sawangkaew]] 7–6(7–3), 1–6, [10–5]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

{{2026 WTA 125 tournaments}}

[[Category:Mumbai Open|2026]]
[[Category:2026 WTA 125 tournaments|Mumbai Open]]
[[Category:2026 in Indian sport|Mumbai Open]]
[[Category:February 2026 sports events in India|Mumbai Open]]

Mubassina Mohammed

2026-04-02T01:52:22Z

IolaBrookshire: Started first entry v1...

{{short description|Indian long jumper (born 2006)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Mubassina Mohammed
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2006|2|22}}
| birth_place = [[Minicoy]], [[Lakshadweep]], India
| sport = [[Track and field]]
| event = [[Long Jump]]
| coach = [[Anju Bobby George]]
| pb = 6.30 m ([[Kalinga Stadium|2025]])
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Women's [[Athletics (sport)|athletics]]}} [[File:Athletics pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[South Asian Athletics Championships|South Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 South Asian Athletics Championships|2025 Ranchi]]|[[2025 South Asian Athletics Championships#Women|Long jump]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian U18 Athletics Championships|Asian U18 Championships]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2022 Asian U18 Athletics Championships|2022 Kuwait]]|[[2022 Asian U18 Athletics Championships#Women|Long jump]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2022 Asian U18 Athletics Championships|2022 Kuwait]]|[[2022 Asian U18 Athletics Championships#Women|Heptathlon]]}}
}}
'''Mubassina Mohammed''' (born 22 February 2006) is an Indian [[Long jump|long jumper]]. She is the first athlete from [[Lakshadweep]] to represent India in international [[track and field]] events.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lakshadweep’s first international track star, Mubassina Mohammed, out to conquer the world |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/lakshadweeps-first-international-track-star-mubassina-mohammed-out-to-conquer-the-world/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Mubassina Mohammed was born on 22 February 2006 in [[Minicoy]], [[Lakshadweep]], India. Her father, Mohammed, is a coconut plucker and a former long-distance runner who participated in local mini-marathon events on the island. Her mother, Dubina Bano, operates a tea stall along with her husband.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Philem Dipak |title=19-year-old Lakshadweep's Mubassina conquers odds to stake claim as a rising talent |url=https://www.ptinews.com/story/sports/19-year-old-lakshadweep-s-mubassina-conquers-odds-to-stake-claim-as-a-rising-talent/3037407 |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=Press Trust Of India}}</ref>

During her school years, Mubassina participated in 6 km races held locally for prize money. The island had limited sporting infrastructure, with only a 200-metre mud track that often became unusable during the monsoon season.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-11 |title=Mubassina Mohammed starts an athletics revolution in Lakshadweep |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/mubassina-mohammed-starts-an-athletics-revolution-in-lakshadweep-8489906/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Her initial coaching was under Ahmed Jawad Hassan, who is based in [[Kavaratti]], the capital of Lakshadweep. Due to transport constraints, her family temporarily relocated to Kavaratti for nearly two years to facilitate her training. She later moved to [[Kerala]], where she trained at the National Centre of Excellence in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] for about one and a half years, before joining the [[Anju Bobby George]] Foundation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2025-10-27 |title=19-year-old Lakshadweep's Mubassina conquers odds to stake claim as a rising talent |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lakshadweep/19-year-old-lakshadweeps-mubassina-conquers-odds-to-stake-claim-as-a-rising-talent/article70207619.ece |access-date=2025-11-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://worldathletics.org/athletes/india/mubssina-mohammed-14973451### Mubassina Mohammed] at [[World Athletics]]

{{India-athletics-bio-stub}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohammed, Mubassina}}
[[Category:2006 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women long jumpers]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Lakshadweep]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Mrityudand

2026-03-26T13:58:19Z

IolaBrookshire: Started the entry initial version...

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mrityudand
| image = Mrityudand.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Prakash Jha]]<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/chat/09jha2.htm/ The Prakash Jha Chat]</ref>
| producer = Prakash Jha
| screenplay = Prakash Jha
| starring = [[Madhuri Dixit]] [[Shabana Azmi]] [[Ayub Khan (actor)|Ayub Khan]] [[Mohan Agashe]] [[Om Puri]] Mohan Joshi
| music = [[Anand–Milind]]

| cinematography = Rajan Kinagi Rajan Kothari
| editing = Prakash Jha
| released = {{film date|df=y|1997|7|11}}
| runtime = 161 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}50 million<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19930915-the-madhuri-magic-756175-1993-09-15 |title=The Madhuri magic |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |author-link=Anupama Chopra |date=15 September 1993 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=4 November 2020 }}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}80 million<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2671 |title=Mrityudand |website=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=4 November 2020 }}</ref>

}}
'''''Mrityudand''''' ({{translation}} ''Death penalty'') is an Indian [[Hindi]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] released in 1997. It was directed and produced by [[Prakash Jha]] and stars [[Madhuri Dixit]], [[Shabana Azmi]], [[Ayub Khan (actor)|Ayub Khan]], [[Mohan Agashe]] and [[Om Puri]].

The film is a commentary on social and gender injustice.<ref>[http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/4536-5.html Hip Hip Hurray to Aarakshan: The best of director Prakash Jha]{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> As with his other movies, Jha focuses on the social problems of his native state of [[Bihar]], and ''Mrityudand'' straddles the boundary between artistic and commercial films. It includes semi-classical music, tuned by [[Anand–Milind]] and [[Raghunath Seth]] and worded by [[Javed Akhtar]]. The film was critically acclaimed and is considered to be one of Dixit's best performances.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/353234/i-was-told-i-could-only-do-commercial-films/|title=I was told I could only do commercial films|date=2019-02-10|website=Daily Times|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cEuBCgAAQBAJ&q=mrityudand+critically+acclaimed&pg=PT275|title=Bollywood through Ages + Affairs of Bollywood Stars Revealed ( Special Edition )|last=Joshi|first=Sumit|publisher=Best Book Reads|isbn=9781310099786|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.womensweb.in/2018/05/madhuri-dixit-nene-1000-watt-smile-bollywood-journey-may18wk2/|title=A Bucket List Of 15 Madhuri Dixit Movies That Will Take You Down Memory Lane!|date=2018-05-15|website=Women's Web: For Women Who Do|language=en|access-date=2019-06-28}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
The movie is set in the village of [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]], part of Bihar in 1996. A mob kills two defenseless women, orchestrated by vested interests, and this incident sets the tone for much of the rest of the movie, which shows how powerful individuals evade inquiries into the crime.

The central characters are a young couple, Vinay ([[Ayub Khan (actor)|Ayub Khan]]) and Ketki ([[Madhuri Dixit]]). They become involved in the machinations of several powerful and unscrupulous villagers. Foremost among them is contractor Tirpat Singh ([[Mohan Joshi]]), a powerful, corrupt and ruthless man who oppresses poor people and especially women with impunity. Vinay becomes influenced by Tirpat, leading to domestic abuse, alcoholism, and a selfishness that alienates his loving wife and tears apart the whole family, despite her best efforts to fight this.

The rest of the movie deals with their efforts to break out of their situation, both within and outside of their relationship, and Vinay's and especially Ketki's bloody struggle to confront and defeat the forces of oppression and male domination in the village.<ref>[http://in.rediff.com/movies/jul/11mrit.htm/ Women to the fore]</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Madhuri Dixit]] as Ketki Singh
* [[Shabana Azmi]] as Chandravati
* [[Ayub Khan (actor)|Ayub Khan]] as Vinay Singh
* [[Om Puri]] as Rambaran Mahto
* [[Shilpa Shirodkar]] as Kanti
* [[Mohan Joshi]] as Tirpat Singh
* [[Mohan Agashe]] as Abhay Singh
* [[Harish Patel]] as MLA Durga Pandey
* [[Achyut Potdar]] as Ketki's father (Special Appearance)
* [[Mona Ambegaonkar]] in a Special Appearance

==Soundtrack==
#"Keh Do Ek Bar Sajana Itna Kyu Pyar Sajna" – [[Udit Narayan]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
#"Raat Maheke To Yun Bhi Hota Hai Chand" – [[Sadhana Sargam]], [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
#"Itani Hai Mori Kahani Ke Raja Mai To Ho Gayi Tori Diwani" – Sadhana Sargam
#"Kab Se Main Hun Khadi Beech Dhare, Dur Nadiya Ke" – Sadhana Sargam
#"Tum Bin Man Ki Bat Adhuri, Din Hai Adhure" – [[Kumar Sanu]], Sadhana Sargam

==Release==
The film was released on 11 July 1997. It was declared [[Entertainment tax|tax-free]] in theatres of [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Gupt Has a Great Run |url=http://www.screenindia.com/jul18/films.htm |website=Screen |access-date=14 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030306065000/http://www.screenindia.com/jul18/films.htm |archive-date=6 March 2003}}</ref>

''Mrityudand'' was invited for the gala premiere at [[BFI London Film Festival]] in 1997.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_prakash-jha-s-chakravyuh-to-premiere-at-london-film-festival_1720587|title=Prakash Jha's 'Chakravyuh' to premiere at London Film Festival|work=Daily News and Analysis|date=27 July 2012}}</ref>

==Reception==
[[Anupama Chopra]] of ''[[India Today]]'' wrote: "''Mrityudand'' is not a great film but it is a good one. It can't match the power of a ''[[Thelma & Louise]]'' or ''[[Mirch Masala]]'' but it packs a solid wallop. And in these dumb and dumber times, it is a refreshing change."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19970721-movie-review-mrityudand-starring-shabana-azmi-madhuri-dixit-om-puri-830408-1997-07-20|title=Movie review: Mrityudand, starring Shabana Azmi, Madhuri Dixit, Om Puri|last=Chopra|first=Anupama|work=India Today|date=21 July 1997}}</ref>

The reviewer for ''[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]'' called the film "a superbly crafted web of intrigue that gets darker and murkier till it reaches horrifying proportions of cruelty and ferociousness". Noting it to be "passionate, highly articulate, and never confused", they stated that the film "questions the limited definition of woman merely as a wife or a mother, and goes on to show strong women who define themselves as individuals." The reviewer praised the acting performances as well as Jha's creation of a film which "not only has something to say, but says it well. There are no hysterical histrionics. There is no hypocrisy and false rhetoric which one finds so often in films which profess to be socially progressive for women. The songs are situational and elegant."<ref>{{cite web |title=Brave and progressive |url=http://www.screenindia.com/jul18/review.htm |website=Screen |access-date=14 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010723180452/http://www.screenindia.com/jul18/review.htm |archive-date=23 July 2001}}</ref>

===Accolades===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:small"
! colspan="6" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | List of awards and nominations
|-
! Award
! Ceremony
! Category
! Recipient(s)
! Result
! class="unsortable"| {{nowrap|{{Abbr|Ref(s)|References}}}}
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Screen Awards]]
|rowspan="3"|[[4th Screen Awards]]
|[[Screen Award for Best Actress]]
|Madhuri Dixit
|{{won}}
|rowspan="3"|<ref name=screen97>{{cite news|url=http://www.screenindia.com/screenawards/award97.html |title=The 4th Screen Award winners for the year 1997 are |work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen India]] |access-date=6 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040107073055/http://www.screenindia.com/screenawards/award97.html |archive-date=7 January 2004 |agency=[[Indian Express Limited]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress]]
|Shabana Azmi
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Screen Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role]]
|Mohan Joshi
|{{won}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=0119720}}

[[Category:1997 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Prakash Jha]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anand–Milind]]
[[Category:Films set in Bihar]]
[[Category:1997 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1997 drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Films about capital punishment]]
[[Category:Films about violence against women]]
[[Category:Films shot in Wai, Maharashtra]]

Archdiocese of Cranganore

2026-03-26T08:20:16Z

IolaBrookshire: Info.

{{Short description|Eastern Catholic diocese in India (1599–1838)}}
{{about|the latinised Episcopal See of Saint Thomas Christians|the pre-1599 metropolitanate|India (East Syriac ecclesiastical province)}}
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Archdiocese
|name = Cranganore
|local =
| image = Puthenchira_Saint_Mary's_Church_facade.jpg
| image_size = 180
| image_alt =
| caption = Puthenchira Saint Mary's Syro-Malabar Church, a cathedral of the Archdiocese of Cranganore
| country = India
| metropolitan =
| territory =
| province = Cranganore
| coordinates =
|rite = [[East Syriac Rite]] ([[Liturgical Latinization|Latinized]])
|cathedral =
|cocathedral =
|area_km2 =
|population =
|population_as_of =
|catholics =
| parishes =
| priests =
|catholics_percent=
|patron =
|headquarters=[[Angamaly]], [[Cranganore]]
|denomination= [[Catholic Church]]
|sui_iuris_church=
|established=1599
|dissolved=1838
|bishop_title=
|archbishopric=
|first_incumbent=[[Francis Ros|Francisco Roz]]
|suffragans=nil}}

The '''Archdiocese of Cranganore''', formerly the '''Archdiocese of Angamalé''', was an [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Eastern Catholic]] archdiocese in [[Kodungallur]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It employed the [[East Syriac Rite]] but was [[Latinisation of liturgy|Latinised]] due to its being a suffragan of the Portuguese [[Padroado]]'s [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman|Archdiocese of Goa]].<ref name="CathHierCranganore">{{Cite web |title=Cranganore (Angamala) (Archdiocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy] |url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dc518.html |access-date=2026-02-04 |website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref><ref name="GCathCranganore">{{Cite web |title=Former Archdiocese of Cranganor |url=https://gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/cran2 |access-date=2026-02-04 |website=GCatholic}}</ref>

== History ==
The archdiocese was a product of [[Synod of Diamper]] held in the [[Archdiocese of Angamaly|Chaldean Catholic Archdiocese of Angamaly]] in 1599.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Menon|first=A. Sreedhara|url=https://indianculture.gov.in/gazettes/kerala-district-gazetteers-ernakulam|title=Portuguese and the Malabar Church|journal=Kerala District Gazetteers: Ernakulam|publisher=The Superintendent of Government Presses, Government Press|year=1965|location=Trivandrum|pages=140|author-link=A. Sreedhara Menon}}</ref> It operated first as the Archdiocese of Angamalé and was under the [[East Syriac Rite]], but was [[Latinisation of liturgy|Latinised]] due to its being a suffragan of the Portuguese [[Padroado]]'s [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman|Archdiocese of Goa]]. The name was changed to the Archdiocese of Cranganore in 1600, before the consecration of its first bishop.<ref name="CathHierCranganore" />

Its headquarters was first at St. Thomas Church, [[Cranganore Fort]] until 1662 and then at Puthenchira Church for more than a century. Mar [[Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar]], administrator of the diocese moved its headquarters to Vadayar due to invasion of [[Tipu Sultan]]. The archdiocese was dissolved in 1838.

== Bishops and hierarchs after the Synod of Diamper ==

===Archdiocese of Angamalé===
*[[Francisco Ros|Francis Ros]], [[Jesuits|S.J.]] (Francisco Rodríguez; 15 Dec 1599 - 25 Jan 1601 Appointed but not consecrated)

=== Archdiocese of Cranganore ===
*Francis Ros, S.J. (Francisco Rodríguez; 25 Jan 1601 - 18 Feb 1624 Died)
*[[Etienne de Brito]], S.J. (18 Feb 1624 - 2 Dec 1641 Died)
*Francisco Garcia Mendes, S.J. (2 Dec 1641 - 3 Sep 1659 Died)
*[[Palliveettil Chandy|Mar Alexander Parambil]] (1 Feb 1663 - 16 July 1685)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bdcamp.html|title = Bishop Alexandre de Campo [Catholic-Hierarchy]}}</ref>
*Jerome de São Tiago, [[Benedictines|O.S.B.]] (8 Jan 1689 - ? Resigned before consecration)
*Didacus Álvares (19 Apr 1694 - 30 Dec 1697 Resigned)
*João Ribeiro (archbishop), S.J. (5 Dec 1701 - 24 Jan 1716 Died)
*Antonio Pimentel (archbishop), S.J. (20 Jan 1721 - 6 Mar 1752 Died)
*João Luis Vasconcellos, S.J. (6 Mar 1752 - 11 Oct 1754 Died)
*Salvator dos Reis, S.J. (19 Jul 1756 - 7 Apr 1777 Died)
*[[Kariattil Iousep|Kariattil Mar Iousep]] (16 Dec 1782 - 9 Sep 1786 Died)
**[[Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar|Paremmakkal Thomas]] (Administrator) (1786 - 1799)
*Teodoro Botelho Homen Bernardes (26 Aug 1806 Confirmed - )
*Paulo a Santo Tomas de Aquino, [[Dominican Order|O.P.]] (17 Dec 1819 - 19 Dec 1823 Died)
*José Joaquim de Oliveira Carvalho (da Imaculada Conceição Amarante), [[Order of Friars Minor|O.F.M. Obs.]] (19 Dec 1825- 1835 Died)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}

[[Category:Former Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]

Kalyana Parisu (TV series)

2026-03-26T07:50:31Z

IolaBrookshire: updated details

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kalyana Parisu season 2.jpg
| caption =
| native_name =
| genre = Soap opera
| creator =
| based_on =
| writer = Vision Time Team Dialogues by Joegeorge P.A. Raghavan P.R. Dhakshina Moorthy
| director = *R.Nandhakumar (1-121)
*A.Ramachandran (RC) (122-200)
*A.P.Rajendhiran (201-1145)
*P.Selvam (1146-1634)
*Ponnai G.G.Madhan (1635-1716)
*Harish Adithya (1717- 1840)
| creative_director = R. Usha Kumar
| starring = (Season- 1) Neha Gowda Eshwar Shruthi Shanmuga Priya Sridevi Ashok
 (Season-2) [[Srithika Saneesh]] [[Arnav (TV actor)|Arnav]] Keerthi Jai Dhanush Kamal Swathi Reddy
| theme_music_composer = [[C. Sathya]]
| open_theme = "Kalyana Parisu" [[Rita (Indian singer)|Rita]] (vocals) [[Vairamuthu]] (lyrics)
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 1840 
| list_episodes =
| producer = Vaidehi Ramamurthy
| cinematography = S.Gunasekar E.Manikandan M.Raja Murugesan
| editor = M.S.Thiyagarajan Manikandan Ravi M.N.Perumal G.Pandi Durai G. Sakthi Vel
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = approx. 21-25 minutes per episode
| company = Vision Time India Pvt Ltd
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2014|02|10}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2020|3|27|df=y}}
| screenplay = Kumaresan
| story =
| channel = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| music =
| image_alt =
| network =
}}

'''''Kalyana Parisu''''' ({{translation|Wedding gift}}) is a 2014 [[India]]n [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[soap opera]] that aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]].The show was produced by Vision Time India Pvt Ltd and directed by Harish Adhitya. It premiered on 10 February 2014 and ended on 27 March 2020 for 1840 episodes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=27 March 2020|title=Tamil show Kalyana Parisu season 2 goes off-air|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tamil-show-kalyana-parisu-season-2-goes-off-air/articleshow/74852722.cms|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kalyana Parisu 2 goes off-air; Actress Srithika Sri thanks fans for the love|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/kalyana-parisu-2-goes-off-air-actress-srithika-sri-thanks-fans-for-the-love/articleshow/74873543.cms|access-date=2020-07-21|website=The Times of India|date=29 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

The first season focused on Gayathri, Subbulakshmi and Surya, who were married.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.filmibeat.com/television/kalayana-parisu-serial-daughter-law-dialogues-043465.html|title=Kalyana Parisu serial on Sun TV |date=24 November 2016 |publisher=tamil.filmibeat.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/Kalyana-Parisu-team-on-Super-Challenge-today/articleshow/49310756.cms|title=Kalyana Parisu serials team on Super Challenge |work=The Times of India |date=11 October 2015 |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> The second season premiered on 10 September 2018 and ended on 27 March 2020 for 1840 episodes. The second season sequel and next generation story of ''Kalyana Parisu 1'' reflect the lives of Vidhya and Ashok (son of Gayathri).

== Series overview ==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center
|-
! style="padding: 0 8px" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Season
! style="padding: 0 8px" rowspan="2" | No. of episodes
! colspan="2" | Originally broadcast ([[India]])
|-
! style="padding: 0 8px" | Series premiere
! style="padding: 0 8px" | Series finale
|-
|style="background:#FF0000"|
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| 1381
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2014|2|10}}
|align="center"| {{end date|df=yes|2018|9|8}}
|-
|style="background:Pink;|
|align="center"| 2
|align="center"| 459
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2018|9|10}}
|align="center"| {{end date|df=yes|2020|03|27}}
|-
|}

== Plot==
;Season 1
This season is a family and triangular love story. Gayathri, Renuka and Subbulakshmi (Subbu) are good friends, but their friendship does not last long. Surya is married to both Subbulakshmi and Gayathri, due to unexpected circumstances. How life turns chaotic for all three is the story.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.suntvnetwork.in/tv-channel-details.aspx?Channelid=1&channelname=SUN%20TV&LanguageID=1&Type=q|title=Kalyana Parisu Serial Official Page|publisher=sunnetwork.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007220928/http://www.suntvnetwork.in/tv-channel-details.aspx?Channelid=1&channelname=SUN%20TV&LanguageID=1&Type=q|archive-date=7 October 2014}}</ref>

; Season 2
This season is a village family romance revenge story. Vidya strives to take care of her family while working at Ashok's home. Though she is in love with her childhood friend Ashok, he does not understand Vidya and his stepmother Subbulakshmi 's feelings and wants to marry Shwetha (Keerthi Jai Dhanush) who falls in love with him. Later he marries Vidya due to unexpected circumstances. How Ashok and Vidhya live together is the story.

==Cast==
{{cleanup|reason=See [[MOS:TVCAST]]|date=May 2019}}

=== Season 1 (2014–2018) ===
;Main cast
*Neha Ramakrishna Gowda as Gayathri Surya (Surya's first wife)
*Sridevi Ashok as Subbulakshmi Surya (Surya's Second wife)
** Shruthi Shanmuga Priya (2018) as Subbulakshmi (Replacement for Sridevi)
*Eshwar Ragunathan as Surya Dharmalingam (Gowtham's brother, Gayathri and Subbulakshmi's husband)
*M. Amulaya as Renuka Suresh (Gayathri and Subbulakshmi's friend)
** Akila Prakash (2017–2018) as Renuka (Replacement for Amulaya)
*Master Bidami Shah as Ashok Surya (Gayathri's son) and Gowtham Surya (Subbulakshmi' son) (Dual Roles) (2017–2018)

;Additional cast
*Sadhana as Gomathy Dharmalingam (Gowtham and Surya, Vanitha's mother;Died in serial)
*Andrews Jesudoss as Dharmalingam (Gowtham and Surya, Vanitha's father)
*Srividhya Nanjan as Vanitha Azhaguraja (Gowtham and Surya's sister)
*Guhan Shanmugam as Azhaguraja (Vanitha's husband)
* Gajesh as Dhandapany (Renuka's assistant)
* Ravi Varma as Suresh (Renuka's husband)
* Narasimha Raju as Annamalai (Gayathri's father)
* Bhavani / Dharini as Lakshmi Annamalai (Gayathri's mother)
* Gokul as Selvam (Subbu's elder brother)
* Sri Kala Parmasivam as Rani Selvam(Selvam's wife)
* Sudha as Suresh's mother
* Anuradha as Rajalakshmi (Prasad's aunt)
*Sathyapriya as Thirupurasundari Rajamanickam (Dharmalingam's sister, Mallika's mother)
*Bombay Babu as Rajamanickam (Thirupurasundari's husband, Mallika's father)

;Former cast
*Arun Kumar Rajan as Gowtham Dharmalingam (Surya's brother;died in serial)
* Sai Swetha as Vaishali
* --- as Ramana
* --- as Gurukkal (Temple priest, died in the serial)
* Lakshmi Narayanan as Gowri
* Krish as Rajadurai (Vaishali's husband, died in the serial)
* Krithika as Sandhya (died in the serial)
* Sreeja as Anbarasi Prasad
* Pollachi Babu as Anbarasi's brother
* Sangeetha Shetty as Tara
* Manush Manhmohan as Prasad
* Jayalakshmi as Angala Parameshwari
* --- as Vasanth (Anbarasi's former lover, died in the serial)
* Vibhu Raman as Vijay (Renuka's former lover, died in the serial)
* Rindhya as Durga (Mutaiyah's Wife)
* VC Jeyamani as Rangarajan, Mutaiyah's father (died in the serial)
* Srilatha as Paravathi Rangarajan(Muthaiyah's mother)
*Deepa Nethran as Sathish's mother
* Sunitha as Abhinaya (Abhi), Muthiya's sister
* Kalaranjini as Gajalakshmi
* A. Sakunthala as Parasakthi
* Nalini as Hostel Warden

===Season 2 (2018–2020)===
;Main cast
*Srithika Saneesh as Vidhya Ashok (Arjun and Lakshmi's first daughter)
*Arnav as Ashok Surya (Surya and Gayathri's son) and Gowtham Surya @ Rocky (Surya and Subbulaksmi's son)
**Master Bidami Shah as child Ashok & child Gowtham
*Keerthi Jai Dhanush as Swetha Arjun (Arjun and Shyamala Devi's daughter)

;Recurring Cast
*Swathi Reddy as Kalyani Vetrimaran (Vidhya's sister, Arjun and Lakshmi's middle daughter)
*Pandi Kamal as Vetrimaran Ramanathan (Kalyani's husband, Vishalakshi and Ramanathan's son)
*R.Poongkodi as Dharani Azhaguraja (Vanitha and Azhaguraja's daughter)
*Sumangali as Vishalakshi Ramanathan (Vetrimaran's mother)
* as Mani (Vishalakshi's elder brother, Vetrimaran's uncle)
* Shanthi as Lakshmi Arjun (Vidhya's, Kalyani's & Vasuki's mother)
* Sathish as Arjun (Vidya, Vasuki, Kalyani and Swetha's father, Lakshmi and Shyamala's husband)
*Shilpa as Shyamala Devi Arjun (Swetha's mother)
* Nivedhitha Pankaj as Vasuki (Vidhya's younger sister, Arjun and Lakshmi's youngest daughter)
* Sai Gopi as Sundaram (Lakshmi's brother; Saravanan's father)
* "Bhandham" Saval Ram as Suruli (Sundaram's assistant)
* Suruli as Swami (Shyamala's assistant)
*"Ahalya Mali" as Nathuram Settu (Poonam and Malini's father)
* Karthick as Saravanan Sundaram (Geetha's husband, Sundaram and Karpagam's son)
* Asritha Kingini as Geetha Saravanan (Saravanan's wife, Mallika and Ramachandran's daughter)
*Chandrasekharan as Naidu (Rocky's adoptive uncle)
* Karthick Raj as Mugundhan

'''Former cast'''
* Neha Gowda as Thayamma @ Gayathri Surya (Surya's first wife, Ashok's mother) (Replaced by Gayathri Devi)
*Shruthi Shanmugam Priya as Subbulakshmi Surya (Surya's second wife, Ashok's step-mother and Gautham's mother) (Replaced by Vanitha Krishnachandran)
*Eshwar Raghunathan as Surya Dharmalingam (Gayathri and Subbulakshmi's husband, Ashok and Gautham's father, Died in serial)
*Shari as Gomathy Dharmalingam (Surya's mother, Ashok and Gautham's grandmother, Died in serial)
*R.Poongkodi as Vanitha Azhaguraja (Surya's sister, Dharani's mother Died in serial)
*Guhan Shanmugam as Azhaguraja (Dharani's father)
*Saithra Gruthika as Kalyani (Vidhya's sister) (Replaced by Swathi Reddy)
*--- as Valli (Swetha's spy)
*---- as Poonam (died in serial)
*---- as Vimal (Poonam's fiancé)
*Sathyapriya as Thirupurasundari Rajamanickam (Dharmalingam's sister and Mallika's mother)
*Ranjini Pradeep as Malini (Poonam's elder sister, Died in serial)
*C. Ranganathan as Ramanathan (Vetrimaran's father, Died in serial)
*Gayathri Devi as Gayathri Surya @Thayamma (Surya's 1st wife, Ashok's mother and Gautham's step mother)
*Vanitha Krishnachandran as Subbulaksmi Surya (Surya's 2nd wife, Gautham's mother And Ashok's step mother)
* Androos Jesudas as Dharmalingam (Surya's father, Ashok and Gautham's grandfather)
* Ravikanth as Dhandapaany (Thayamma's assistant)
*Vinod as Ranjith (Geetha's Ex fiancée)
* Issac Varkees as Ramachandran (Mallika's husband, Geetha's father)
* Mona Bedre as Mallika Ramachandran (Thirupurasundari and Rajamanickam's daughter)
* Priya as Karpagam Sundaram (Saravanan's mother)
* Kavya Varshini as Valli (Saravanan's elder sister)
* Birla Bose as Valli's husband

==Casting==
;Season 1
Season 1 is a family story produced by Vision Time Pvt Ltd which airs on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]. Kannada TV actress Neha Gowda was selected to portray the lead role of Gayathri. Sridevi was chosen after her great performances in many shows on Tamil television. Later Sruthi Shanmuga Priya replaced the role of Subbulakshmi in Episode 1080. Amulaya makes her debut in Tamil serials as Renukha. Later Akila replaced the role of Renukha in Episode 440. Eshwar was selected to portray the lead role of Surya. Sreeja of ''[[Bommalattam (TV series)|Bommalattam]]'' serial fame was selected to portray the main role of Anbarasi in Episode 1198. Other supporting cast members include [[Shari (actress)|Sadhana]], [[Narasimharaju (Telugu actor)|Narasimha Raju]], [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]], Sudha, [[Kalaranjini]] and [[Bhavani (actress)|Bhavani]].

;Season 2
Season 2 is a village family romance revenge story. [[Srithika Saneesh]] was selected to portray the new lead role of Vidhya, who is known for the serials ''[[Nadhaswaram (TV series)|Nadhaswaram]]'' and ''[[Kula Deivam (TV series)|Kula Deivam]]''. [[Arnav (TV actor)|Arnav]] was chosen due to his performance in ''[[Sakthi (TV series)|Sakthi]]'' and ''[[Keladi Kanmani (TV series)|Keladi Kanmani]]''. Other supporting cast members include [[Vanitha Krishnachandran]], Shanthi, [[Sathyapriya]], Androos Jesudas, Birla Bose and [[C. Ranganathan]].

==Production==
The series was directed by R.Nandhakumar, A.Ramachandran, A.P.Rajendhiran, P.Selvam and Ponnai G.G.Madhan. It was produced by Vision Time, along with the production crew of 2007–2019.

* Editors: M.S.Thiyagarajan, Manikandan Ravi, M.N.Perumal, G. Sakthi Vel
* Cinematography: S.Gunasekar, E.Manikandan, M.Raja
* Producer: Vaidehi Ramamurthy
* Dialogues: Joegeorge, Pa.Raghavan, P.R.Dhakshina Moorthy

==Soundtrack==
The title song was written by lyricist [[Vairamuthu]], composed [[C. Sathya]] and sung by [[Rita (Indian singer)|Rita]]. The song was released on 10 February 2014 on Sun TV and on Vision Time's official YouTube channel on 8 August 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zfir8DiVghY|title=Kalyana Parisu Tamil Serial- Title Song|date=4 August 2014 |publisher=VisionTimeTamil Youtube}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Kalyana Parisu (கல்யாண பரிசு) Title Song
| lyrics1 = [[Vairamuthu]]
| extra1 = [[Rita (Indian singer)|Rita]]
| music1 = [[C. Sathya]]
| length1 = 3:20
| title2 = Nattu Vassa Poo Sediyai (நட்டு வச்ச பூ செடியை)
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 =
| music2 =
| length2 = 1:20
| title3 = Ivan Thana (இவன் தானா)
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 =
| music3 =
| length3 = 3:50
|all_writing=|title4=|length4=|title5=|length5=|title6=|length6=|title7=|length7=|title8=|length8=|title9=|length9=|title10=|length10=|title11=|length11=|title12=|length12=|title13=|length13=|title14=|length14=|title15=|length15=|title16=|length16=|title17=|length17=|title18=|length18=|title19=|length19=|title20=|length20=|total_length=}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141007220928/http://www.suntvnetwork.in/tv-channel-details.aspx?Channelid=1&channelname=SUN%20TV&LanguageID=1&Type=q Official website] {{in lang|en}}

{{Sun TV shows}}
{{Works by Vision Time Tamil}}

[[Category:Sun TV original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:2010s Tamil-language television series]]
[[Category:2014 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:2018 Tamil-language television seasons]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:2020 Tamil-language television series endings]]

The Gold (Control) Act, 1968

2026-03-23T06:58:57Z

IolaBrookshire: Expanded content with additional details

{{Short description|Act of the Parliament of India, replaces Act 18 of 1965}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Gold (Control) Act, 1968
| legislature = [[Parliament of India]]
| long_title = An Act to provide, in the economic and financial interests of the community, for the control of the production, manufacture, supply, distribution, use and possession of, and business in, gold, ornaments and articles of gold and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
| citation = [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/repealedfileopen?rfilename=A1968-45.pdf Act No. 45 of 1968]
| territorial_extent = whole of [[India]]
| enacted_by =
| date_passed =
| enacted_by2 =
| date_passed2 =
| date_assented = 1 September 1968
| date_commenced = 1 September 1968
| date_repealed = 6 June 1990
| administered_by =
| bill =
| bill_citation =
| bill_date =
| introduced_by =
| 1st_reading =
| 2nd_reading =
| 3rd_reading =
| conf_committee_passed =
| bill2 =
| bill_citation2 =
| bill_date2 =
| introduced_by2 =
| 1st_reading2 =
| 2nd_reading2 =
| 3rd_reading2 =
| conf_committee_passed2 =
| date_conf_committee =
| white_paper =
| committee_report =
| repeals = {{Ubl|Gold (Control) Act, 1965 (18 of 1965)|Gold (Control) Ordinance, 1968 (6 of 1968)}}
| repealed_by = Gold (Control) Repeal Act, 1990 (18 of 1990)
| related_legislation =
| status = repealed
}}

'''The Gold (Control) Act, 1968''' is a repealed [[Act of Parliament|Act]] of the [[Parliament of India]] which was enacted to control the sale and holding of [[gold]] in personal possession. High demand for gold in India with negligible indigenous [[Gold mining|production]] results in gold imports, leading to drastic devaluation of the [[Indian rupee]] and depletion of [[Foreign exchange reserves|foreign exchange]] [[Foreign-exchange reserves of India|reserves]] to alarming levels. Devaluation of the Indian rupee also leads to steep rises in food commodity prices due to costlier petroleum products imports. In these circumstances, the gold import policy of India aimed at curbing the gold imports to a manageable level time to time by imposing taxes and legal restrictions.
[[File:Map of gold production.svg|left|thumb|200px|[[List of countries by gold production|World gold output]] (in [[kilograms]])]]

==Gold Control Act==
[[History of India (1947–present)|Post-Independence]], the foreign exchange drain was accentuated in 1962 during the border dispute with China. [[Morarji Desai]], then-[[Minister of Finance (India)|Finance Minister of India]], came out with Gold Control Act, 1962, which recalled all gold loans given by banks and banned forward trading in gold. In 1963, the production of gold jewellery above 14 carat fineness was banned. In 1965, a gold bond scheme was launched with tax immunity for unaccounted wealth. All these steps failed to yield the desired result. Desai finally introduced the Gold Control Act, on 24 August 1968, which prohibited citizens from owning gold in the form of bars and coins. All existing holdings of gold coins and bars had to be converted into jewelry and declared to the authorities. Goldsmiths were not allowed to own more than 100 g of gold. Licensed dealers were not supposed to own more than 2 kg of gold, depending upon the number of artisans employed by them. They were banned from trading with each other. Desai believed that Indians would respond positively to these steps and stop consuming gold and help conserve precious foreign exchange. New gold jewellery purchases were either recycled or smuggled gold. This legislation killed the official gold market and a large unofficial market sprung up dealing in cash only. The gold was smuggled in and sold through the unofficial channel wherein, many jewellers and bullion traders traded in smuggled gold. A huge black market developed for gold. Goldsmith were an unorganised labour force and could not cope with the new developed situation. Only a few could get the licence to hold the gold, that also in very small quantities, with the result that the members of the [[Sunar]] caste, who depended only on their traditional occupation of making gold ornaments, lost their business and their financial condition deteriorated and families shattered.
[[File:Gold price history INR.jpg|thumb|Historical Gold price in INR<ref>{{cite news|title=Comparative chart on Gold and Sensex, adjusted for inflation: From 1979-80 to 2011-12|url=https://wisewealthadvisors.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/30-years-comparative-chart-on-gold-and-sensex-adjusted-for-inflation4.pdf|access-date=31 July 2015}}</ref>]]

In 1990, India had a major foreign exchange problems and was on verge of default on external liabilities. The Indian Government pledged 40 tons gold from their reserves with the Bank of England and avoided defaulting by securing a loan to recover. Subsequently, India embarked upon the path of [[economic liberalization]]. The era of licensing was gradually dissolved. The gold market also benefited because the government abolished the 1962 Gold Control Act on 6 June 1990.<ref name=gld>{{cite news|title=Will gold duty hike encourage smuggling?|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/will-gold-duty-hike-encourage-smuggling-112040400023_1.html|access-date=19 April 2013|newspaper=Business Standard|date=4 April 2012}}</ref> by Finance Minister Madhu Dandvate and liberalized the gold import into India on payment of a duty of Rs.250 per ten grams. The government thought it more prudent to allow free imports and earn the taxes rather than to lose it all to unofficial channel.<ref>{{cite news|title=A golden opportunity for India to correct the past|url=http://blogs.economictimes.indiatimes.com/et-commentary/46498/|access-date=2 June 2015|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=2 June 2015}}</ref> From official imports of practically nothing in 1991, India officially imported more than 110 tonnes of gold in 1992, which now stands about 800 tonnes in a year.

In September 1999, the Govt. of India launched a Gold Deposit Scheme to utilize the idle gold and simultaneously give a return to gold owners and reduce the country's reliance on imports. However, this plan was not widely accepted by the population.

[[Gold ETF]]s are also operating in India from March 2007. Alarmed by the excessive gold imports by Indians despite the public holdings of gold is in excess of 30,000 metric tons, Indian Government introduced a new Gold Deposit Scheme with attractive benefits to the gold depositors in the year 2015 to recycle the available idling gold in the country for meeting internally the entire fresh ornamental gold demand.<ref>{{cite news|title=In New Scheme, Rich Temples May Open Gold Vaults for PM Modi: Report|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-new-scheme-rich-temples-may-open-gold-vaults-for-pm-modi-report-753890|access-date=15 April 2015}}</ref> Government of India has nearly 550 tons of [[gold reserves]] which would help in kick starting the scheme.

==Crisis hedge not inflation hedge==
{{further|Gold as an investment}}
[[File:Gold price in USD.png|thumb|325px|Gold price history in 1960–2014]]
When the inflation adjusted gold value is examined, gold is not an inflation [[Hedge (finance)|hedge]] but crisis hedge.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inflationdata.com/Inflation/Inflation_Rate/Gold_Inflation.asp|title= Gold is a "Crisis Hedge" not an Inflation hedge|access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/gold-cant-be-default-option/articleshow/57724691.cms| title= Gold can't be default option|access-date=21 March 2017}}</ref> Some times, gold price apparently looks lower in US$ value but its price compared to corresponding crude [[price of oil|oil price]] can be exceeding 25 times far higher than long term average of 15 times.<ref>{{cite web|title=Deutsche Bank says gold's fair value is $US750 an ounce|url=http://www.etf.db.com/CHE/DEU/Download/Research-Commodities/55984c89-9f08-44ad-a5de-bac0be822f86/Special-Report.pdf |access-date=31 July 2015}}</ref>
In April 2020, one ounce of gold fetched more than 90 barrels of WTI crude oil in US in the midst of [[COVID-19 pandemic]] as gold price shot up to US$1,788/ounce. Thus during the lower oil prices period, gold acts as crisis hedge to overcome the loss of revenue from oil exports to the oil exporting countries. When oil prices are higher, it acts as crisis hedge to the oil importing countries to dispose oil stocks at profit and purchase gold with the accrued cash for replenishing oil stocks later during the lower oil price with respect to gold price.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fintrend.com/charts/gold-vs-oil-chart/|title= Which is Over Priced? Oil or Gold?|access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> With the advent of [[Tight oil|shale oil]] production boom in USA, crude oil for the first time is being realistically priced in US$ irrespective of [[quantitative easing]] in USA and the agreement of USA with OPEC to transact their international crude oil exports in US$.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inflationdata.com/articles/2014/05/30/oil-petrodollars-gold/|title= Oil, Petrodollars and Gold|access-date=19 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://inflationdata.com/articles/2012/09/14/effects-quantitative-easing/|title= The Effects of Quantitative Easing|access-date=17 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Wong |first=Andrea |date=30 May 2016 |title=The Untold Story Behind Saudi Arabia's 41-Year U.S. Debt Secret |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2016-05-30/the-untold-story-behind-saudi-arabia-s-41-year-u-s-debt-secret |publisher=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=23 May 2025|url-access=subscription|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603101409/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2016-05-30/the-untold-story-behind-saudi-arabia-s-41-year-u-s-debt-secret|archive-date=3 June 2016}}</ref> However international gold price is fixed by the major gold importing countries like India as gold market is fully buyers market with global gold stocks amounting to 300 times of its annual consumption or 53 times of [[List of countries by gold production|its annual production]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Golden Dilemma |first=Claude B. |last=Erb |first2=Campbell R. |last2=Harvey |journal=NBER Working Paper No. 18706 |date=January 2013 |doi=10.3386/w18706 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

In India, when the agriculture production is good, it will lead to slump in the agriculture commodity prices and raise in gold price due to demand from rural areas. Similarly, when agriculture commodity prices raise due to less production, gold prices would depress by lack of demand from rural areas.<ref>{{cite news|title=Why is gold falling, and where is it headed?|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/why-is-gold-falling-and-where-is-it-headed/|access-date=31 July 2015}}</ref> During good monsoon years, Indian government can sell its gold reserves at higher price catering to the gold demand from rural areas, to finance the surplus food grains purchase obligation at minimum support price (MSP) and the supply of adequate imported fertilizers to farmers. The depleted gold reserves could be purchased back later at lower price during the subsequent bad monsoon years with the funds after selling the food grain stocks at higher price to make up shortfall in the production. This analogy can be applied to all commodities and gold can be termed as super commodity with characters of international currency.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visualcapitalist.com/why-gold-is-money-a-periodic-perspective/|title= Why Gold is Money: A Periodic Perspective|access-date=17 July 2019}}</ref> Thus Indian Government or Reserve Bank of India can overcome the economic crisis by effectively managing / hedging the gold reserves vis a vis food grain stocks or fertilizer stocks or crude oil stocks.

Gold trading daily turnover in the international commodity exchanges ([[New York Mercantile Exchange|NYMEX]], [[Tokyo Commodity Exchange|TOCOM]], [[Hong Kong Mercantile Exchange|HKMEx]], [[Dubai Gold & Commodities Exchange|DGCX]], etc.) is of the order of 300 tons/day (nearly 110,000 tons/year) compared to 3,000 tons/year global production.<ref>{{cite news|title=Daily turn over of gold |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/future/gold|access-date=31 July 2015}}</ref> However, [[High-frequency trading|most of the trades]] are squared off without actual delivery.<ref>{{cite news|title=China is one step closer to global gold-price domination |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/china-is-one-step-closer-to-global-gold-price-domination-2016-04-19|access-date=20 April 2016}}</ref> India being the dominant importer of gold, Indian government can exercise full control on international gold trading when all its gold imports and recycled gold are channeled through it and distributed through the [[List of commodities exchanges#Asia|commodities exchanges]] of India.<ref>{{cite news|title= Algorithmic gold trading (page 137)|url=http://mragheb.com/NPRE%20402%20ME%20405%20Nuclear%20Power%20Engineering/Sustainable%20Energy%20and%20Resource%20Management.pdf|access-date=22 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Consultation Paper on proposed framework for Gold Exchange in India, SEBI|url=https://www.sebi.gov.in/reports-and-statistics/reports/may-2021/consultation-paper-on-proposed-framework-for-gold-exchange-in-india-and-draft-sebi-vault-managers-regulations-2021_50154.html|access-date=22 May 2021}}</ref>

== Current policy ==
[[File:Gold-nominal-constant-usd.svg|thumb|325px|Gold prices (US$ per troy ounce), in nominal US$ and inflation adjusted US$.]]
India imports in excess of 1000 tons annually (including unofficially smuggled gold) with negligible local production.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.usdebtclock.org/gold-demand-by-country.html|title= Gold demand by country |access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref> The annual gold imports are around 50 billion US$ next only to crude oil imports widening the trade deficit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/visualize/stacked/hs92/import/show/all/7108/1995.2014/|title= Which countries import Gold? (1995-2014) |access-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> In the years since 2001 to 2015, the official net gold imports are 269 billion US$ whereas the [[Institutional investor|Foreign Institutional Investors]] (FII) invested only 157 billion US$ in Indian equities.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/savings-centre/analysis/gold-bonds-are-way-better-than-the-metal/articleshow/49719792.cms|title= Gold bonds are way better than the metal |access-date=9 November 2015}}</ref> Gold imports cost is nearly 3% of the GDP. Alarmed by the huge trade deficit in the year 2012, GoI introduced moderate customs duty (below 10%) on gold imports. Though the policy is fetching good customs income, the imports demand is not drastically coming down. It is due to the reason that world gold demand is mainly driven by Indians and its price is fixed by Indians in Indian rupees. Imposing customs tax on gold imports in India or devaluation of Indian currency, led to the softening of its international price but remained range bound in rupee terms. Customs duty imposition also led to increase in gold smuggling but narrowed the trade deficit to permissible limit as the smuggled gold would not get accounted as imports in trade deficit calculations.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/import-duty-on-gold-jewellery-hiked-to-15/article5138304.ece|title= Import duty on gold jewellery hiked to 15 % |access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

The gold imports are also serving to channelise undeclared earnings by exporters and importers of India. Invariably, [[Transfer mispricing|exporters under invoice their exports whereas importers over invoice their imports]] to stash [[Indian black money|black money]] in [[Tax haven|tax haven countries]]. This stashed money abroad is routed to India by importing gold (official channel or smuggled) which can be disposed off in to Indian rupees as gold commands insatiable demand from rural India.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/gold-smugglers-return-hike-in-import-duty-india-today-167701-2013-06-22|title= Spike in customs duty on gold import triggers innovative ways of smuggling with people risking their necks|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref> This multiple malpractices by importers and exporters artificially widen the official [[Balance of trade|trade deficit]] by three folds of the actual trade deficit subjecting Indian currency constantly at the risk of devaluation and [[List of countries by credit rating|de-rating of India]] by [[Credit rating|international rating agencies]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.indiaspend.com/investigations/gold-diamonds-indias-biggest-tax-beneficiaries-12020|title= Gold, Diamonds & Large Corporations; India's Biggest Tax Beneficiaries|access-date= 17 August 2014|archive-date= 10 August 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150810033809/http://www.indiaspend.com/investigations/gold-diamonds-indias-biggest-tax-beneficiaries-12020|url-status= dead}}</ref> It is estimated that unnecessary gold imports are retarding [[Gross domestic product|growth of Indian economy]] by at least 3% points.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.scribd.com/doc/58788144/Gold-Imports-A-Social-Evil|title= Gold imports - Social evil |year=2007|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref> The customs duty forgone during the financial year 2013–14 on non-essential gold and diamonds import is Rs 48,635 crores which is constituting 16% of the total customs duty forgone.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2014-15/statrevfor/annex12.pdf|title= Revenue foregone under the Central Tax System: Financial Years 2012-13 and 2013-14|year=2014|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Money}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width=30%}}
*[[BIS hallmark]]
*[[List of the largest trading partners of India]]
*[[Indian Currency Committee]]
{{col-break|width=25%}}
*[[London bullion market]]
*[[World Gold Council]]
*[[List of countries by gold production]]
{{col-break|width=15%}}
*[[Hatti Gold Mines]]
*[[Kolar Gold Fields]]
{{col-break}}
*[[List of gold mining disasters]]
*[[International Cyanide Management Code]]
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* [http://www.livemint.com/Money/lpiP9XsSoplSkQCLJZSO0O/Two-nations-two-gold-control-acts-One-worked-one-didnt.html Nilesh Shah (26 November 2012) ''Two nations, two gold control acts. One worked, one didn’t'' - ''Livemint'']
* [http://ticdata.treasury.gov/Publish/mfh.txt ''Major foreign holders of US treasury securities'']
* [http://www.visualcapitalist.com/re-awakening-golden-triangle/ ''Re-Awakening of the Golden Triangle'']
{{Policies of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gold (Control) Act, 1968}}
[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 1968]]
[[Category:Indira Gandhi administration]]
[[Category:Repealed Indian legislation]]
[[Category:Gold legislation|Control Act 1968]]
[[Category:Gold in India|Control Act 1968]]
[[Category:Gold standard|Control Act 1968]]
[[Category:Policies of India]]
[[Category:Economic history of India (1947–present)]]
[[Category:1968 in Indian law]]

Sonu Sood

2026-03-23T02:05:57Z

IolaBrookshire: Refined content and updated sections

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{pp-pc}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sonu Sood
| image = Sonu sood colors indian telly awards.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Sood in 2012
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1973|07|30}}
| birth_place = [[Moga, Punjab|Moga]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sonu-soods-father-passes-away-actor-says-he-is-shattered/ |title=Sonu Sood's father passes away, actor says he is 'shattered' |date=8 February 2016 |first=Divya |last=Goyal |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=17 December 2016}}</ref>
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|film producer|director|humanitarian|philanthropist}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Sonali Shridhar|1996}}
| children = 2
| education = [[Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering]] (BS in Engineering)
| years_active = 1999–present
}}

'''Sonu Sood''' (born 30 July 1973)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonu Sood about his childhood memories with ANI |url=https://aninews.in/news/entertainment/bollywood/sonu-sood-reveals-inspiration-behind-action-thriller-fateh20230728193829/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Sonu Sood shares his birthday plans, reveals why he is making action-thriller 'Fateh' |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/sonu-sood-shares-his-birthday-plans-reveals-why-he-is-making-action-thriller-fateh-18739/ |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian [[actor]], [[film producer]], [[Model (person)|model]], humanitarian, and [[Philanthropy|philanthropist]] who works predominantly in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] films. He is known for his performances as the negative lead in most of his films and for his humanitarian work, especially during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].

In 2009, he received the [[Andhra Pradesh]] State [[Nandi Award for Best Villain]] and the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu]] for his work in the Telugu blockbuster ''[[Arundhati (2009 film)|Arundhati]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonu Sood Wins Nandi Award For Arundhati |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/sonu-sood-wins-nandi-award-for-arundhati/61431 |last=Joshi |first=Tushar |date=26 October 2009 |website=Mid Day}}</ref> In 2010, he garnered the [[Apsara Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role]] and the [[IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role]] for his performance in Bollywood film ''[[Dabangg]]''.<ref name=":0" /> In 2012, he received the [[SIIMA Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role (Telugu)]] for his role in ''[[Julayi]]''.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}

Sood's other successful works include ''[[Yuva]]'' (2004), ''[[Athadu]]'' (2005), ''[[Aashiq Banaya Aapne]]'' (2005), ''[[Ashok (film)|Ashok]]'' (2006), ''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]'' (2008), ''[[Kandireega]]'' (2011), ''[[Dookudu]]'' (2011), ''[[Shootout at Wadala]]'' (2013), ''[[R... Rajkumar]]'' (2013), ''[[Happy New Year (2014 film)|Happy New Year]]'' (2014), ''[[Devi (2016 film)|Devi]]'' (2016), ''[[Kung Fu Yoga]]'' (2017), ''[[Simmba]]'' (2018), and ''[[Kurukshetra (2019 film)|Kurukshetra]]'' (2019).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=(AFP) |title='Dabangg' wins best picture at IIFA awards |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/world/dabangg-wins-best-picture-at-iifa-awards |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=Khaleej Times |language=en}}</ref> He also appeared in commercials for [[Apollo Tyres]] and [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]].<ref name="thehindu">{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/sonu-sood-turns-producer-with-lucky-unlucky/article2587236.ece |title=Sonu Sood turns producer with Lucky Unlucky |date=1 November 2011 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref name="webindia123.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.webindia123.com/personality/men/sonu_sood/sonu.htm |title=Top 100 Handsome Indian Men – Sonu Sood |website=Webindia123.com |access-date=20 September 2011 |archive-date=18 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218163548/http://www.webindia123.com/personality/men/sonu_sood/sonu.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In July 2016, he established the production house ''Shakti Sagar Productions'', which is named after his father, Shakti Sagar Sood.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Jackie-Chan-unveils-the-poster-of-Sonu-Soods-production-2-in-1/articleshow/53450734.cms |title=Jackie Chan unveils the poster of Sonu Sood's production '2 in 1' |date=28 January 2017 |first=Hiren |last=Kotwani |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In September 2020, Sood was chosen for the ''‛SDG Special Humanitarian Action Award’'' by the [[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP) for his humanitarian works during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/marketing/opinion-sonu-soods-undp-award-makes-his-personal-brand-even-taller/78376281 |title=Sonu Sood's UNDP award makes his personal brand even taller |work=ET Brand Equity.com |date=29 September 2020 |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-sonu-sood-joins-the-likes-of-angelina-jolie-leonardo-dicaprio-as-he-receives-un-award-331095 |title=Sonu Sood joins the likes of Angelina Jolie, Leonardo DiCaprio as he receives UN award |website=Wionews.com |date=29 September 2020 |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/sonu-sood-receives-sdg-special-humanitarian-action-award-by-undp-120092900680_1.html |title=Sonu Sood receives SDG special humanitarian action award by UNDP |website=Business Standard |date=29 September 2020 |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> In June 2022, he launched his [[Social media|social media app]] called Explurger.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-10 |title=Actor Sonu Sood Wants To 'Make People Addicted In A Good Way' With His Social Media App Explurger |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/business/actor-sonu-sood-wants-to-make-people-addicted-in-a-good-way-with-his-new-social-media-app-explurger--news-201484 |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=outlookindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Tech |first=HT |date=June 8, 2022 |title=Sonu Sood App Explurger to Take on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter? Check Out the Rewards You'll Get |work=[[The Hindustan Times]] |url=https://tech.hindustantimes.com/how-to/sonu-sood-app-explurger-to-take-on-facebook-instagram-twitter-check-rewards-that-you-will-get-71654686794235.html}}</ref>

== Education ==
Sonu Sood was educated at Sacred Heart School, Moga, Punjab<ref>{{cite news |last1=Service |first1=Tribune News |title=Actor Sonu Sood's father dies |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/actor-sonu-sood%E2%80%99s-father-dies-193874 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref> and [[Bachelor of Technology|B.Tech]] in [[Electronics Engineering]] at [[Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering|Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering (YCCE), Nagpur.]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vanjani |first1=Suhani |title=Interview with Sonu Sood |url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/interview-with-sonu-sood/09251857 |date=25 September 2012 |work=Nagpur Today |access-date=18 October 2022}}</ref>

== Career ==
In 1999, Sood began his career through his first two [[Tamil language]] films, ''[[Kallazhagar]]'' and ''[[Nenjinile]]''. He then appeared as an antagonist in the Telugu film ''[[Hands Up! (short)|Hands Up!]]'' in 2000. In 2001, he appeared in ''[[Majunu]]''. He then began starring in Hindi films, with ''[[Shaheed-E-Azam]]'', as [[Bhagat Singh]] in 2002. Sood earned recognition as [[Abhishek Bachchan]]'s brother in [[Mani Ratnam]]'s ''[[Yuva]]'' in 2004 and in ''[[Aashiq Banaya Aapne]]'' in 2005.<ref name="webindia123.com" />

In [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Tollywood]], with the release of ''[[Super (2005 film)|Super]]'' in 2005, he received greater recognition for his work.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet-super.html |title=Super – Telugu film – Nagarjuna, Ayesha Takia, Sonu Sood |publisher=Idlebrain.com |date=7 May 2005 |access-date=20 September 2011}}</ref> In this film, his co-star was [[Nagarjuna Akkineni|Nagarjuna]] as a high-tech thief. His next film was ''[[Athadu]]''. In 2006, he again portrayed the antagonist in ''[[Ashok (film)|Ashok]]''. It was an average grosser, but by now he had become popular in [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Telugu]] films.

In 2009, he played the role of Pasupathy in ''[[Arundhati (2009 film)|Arundhati]]''. Following the Tollywood release of ''Arundhati'', he played the role of Rajkumar Sujamal in the Indian epic film ''[[Jodhaa Akbar|Jodha Akbar]],'' directed by ''[[Ashutosh Gowariker]].'' In 2009, he played the role of gangster Bada in ''[[Anjaneyulu (film)|Anjaneyulu]]'' opposite [[Ravi Teja]]. In the latter half of 2009, he acted in another Telugu film ''[[Ek Niranjan]]'', in which he again played the antagonist. In 2010, he played the lead antagonist in [[Abhinav Kashyap]]'s ''[[Dabangg]]'', co-starring with [[Salman Khan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sonu's on a high |url=http://www.starboxoffice.com/sbogallery.aspx?aid=3028&bid=2012/March/reviews_20120309_8 |website=starboxoffice.com |access-date=12 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921102303/http://www.starboxoffice.com/sbogallery.aspx?aid=3028&bid=2012%2FMarch%2Freviews_20120309_8 |archive-date=21 September 2010 }}</ref> His [[Kannada]] debut with [[Sudeep]], ''[[Vishnuvardhana (film)|Vishnuvardhana]]'' (2011), released to positive reviews of his performance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kannada-review-only-vishnuvardhana-is-racy/210902-62-129.html |title=Kannada Review: 'Only Vishnuvardhana' is racy |date=11 December 2011 |website=[[IBNLive]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109150253/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kannada-review-only-vishnuvardhana-is-racy/210902-62-129.html |archive-date=9 January 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He was appointed "the state icon of Punjab" by the state election commission.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonu Sood Appointed As State Icon Of Punjab By Election Commission |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sonu-sood-appointed-as-state-icon-of-punjab-by-election-commission-2326027 |access-date=17 November 2020 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

In April 2022, the popular reality show [[MTV Roadies]] - Season 18 was hosted by Sonu Sood in [[South Africa]]. As he reflected on the experience, he emphasized that the "magic" attribute of the show was that it demanded one to be absolutely real & every single day of our 45-day stay in South Africa was a learning experience for him.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sonu Sood {{!}} MTV Roadies : How Sonu Sood prepared to host 'MTV Roadies'? He turned into a Roadie to connect with contestants |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/how-sonu-sood-prepared-to-host-mtv-roadies-he-turned-into-a-roadie-to-connect-with-contestants/articleshow/90718349.cms |access-date=2022-08-22}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1999 || ''[[Kallazhagar]]'' || Soumya Narayanan (Priest) || rowspan="2" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| ''[[Nenjinile]]'' || Gangster ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2000 || ''[[Hands Up! (2000 film)|Hands Up!]]'' || Tuglak || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| ''[[Sandhitha Velai]]'' || Sandeep || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Majunu]]'' || Heena's brother ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2002 || ''[[Shaheed-E-Azam]]'' || [[Bhagat Singh]] || rowspan="2" | [[Hindi]]||
|-
| ''[[Zindagi Khoobsurat Hai]]'' || Murad ||Special appearance
|-
| ''[[Raja (2002 film)|Raja]]'' || Bhavani || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2003 || ''[[Ammayilu Abbayilu]]'' || Rakesh || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Kovilpatti Veeralakshmi]]'' || Rajiv Mathur || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Kahan Ho Tum (film)|Kahan Ho Tum]]'' || Karan || rowspan="5" | Hindi ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2004 || ''[[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: The Forgotten Hero]]''||[[Shah Nawaz Khan (general)|Lt. Col Shah Nawaz Khan]]||
|-
| ''Mission Mumbai'' || Capt. Rajeev Singh ||
|-
| ''[[Yuva]]'' || Gopal Singh ||
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2005 || ''[[Sheesha (2005 film)|Sheesha]]'' || Raj ||
|-
| ''[[Chandramukhi]]'' || Oomayan || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Super (2005 film)|Super]]'' || Sonu || rowspan="2" | Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Athadu]]'' || Malli ||
|-
| ''[[Aashiq Banaya Aapne]]'' || Karan Oberoi || rowspan="3" | Hindi ||
|-
| ''Siskiyaan'' || Dr. Vishwas ||
|-
| ''[[Divorce: Not Between Husband and Wife]]'' || Siddharth Joshi ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2006 || ''[[Ashok (film)|Ashok]]'' || K K || Telugu ||
|-
| ''Rockin' Meera'' || Prince || [[English language|English]]||
|-
|2007
|''Fu’un Super Combo''
|Kim Sue Il
|[[Malayalam]]
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2008 || ''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]'' || Prince Sujamal || Hindi || Nominated, [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]]
|-
| ''[[Mr. Medhavi|Mr Medhavi]]'' || Siddharth || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Singh Is Kinng]]'' || Lakhan 'Lucky' Singh || rowspan="2" | Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Ek Vivaah... Aisa Bhi]]'' || Prem Ajmera ||
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2009 || ''[[Arundhati (2009 film)|Arundhati]]'' || Pasupathi || Telugu || [[Nandi Award for Best Villain]] [[Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award (Telugu)]]
|-
| ''[[Dhoondte Reh Jaaoge]]'' || Aryan || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Anjaneyulu (film)|Anjaneyulu]]'' || Bada || rowspan="3" | Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Bangaru Babu (2009 film)|Bangaru Babu]]'' || Rajendra ||
|-
| ''[[Ek Niranjan]]'' || Johnny Bhai ||
|-
| ''[[City of Life]]'' || Basu/Peter Patel || [[Arabic]], English, Hindi ||Trilingual film
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Dabangg]]'' || Chhedi Singh || Hindi || [[IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role]] [[Apsara Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role]]
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2011 || ''[[Shakti (2011 film)|Shakti]]'' || Mukthar || rowspan="2" | Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Theenmaar]]'' || Sudhir ||
|-
| ''[[Bbuddah... Hoga Tera Baap]]'' || [[Assistant commissioner (police)|ACP]] Karan Malhotra || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Kandireega]]'' || Bhavani || rowspan="2" | Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Dookudu]]'' || Nayak || [[CineMAA Awards|CineMAA Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role]]
|-
| ''[[Vishnuvardhana (film)|Vishnuvardhana]]'' || Adhishesha || [[Kannada]] || Nominated, SIIMA Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role – Kannada Nominated, Sandalwood Star Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role Nominated, Bangalore Times Film Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role Male
|-
| ''[[Osthe]]'' || Boxer Daniel || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2012 || ''[[Maximum (film)|Maximum]]'' || Inspector Pratap Pandit || Hindi||
|-
| ''[[Uu Kodathara? Ulikki Padathara?]]'' || Phanindra Bhupathi || rowspan="2" | Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Julai]]'' || Bittu ||Nominated, [[SIIMA Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role (Telugu)]]
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2013 || ''[[Shootout at Wadala]]'' || [[Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar|Dilawar Imtiaz Haksar]] || rowspan="2" |Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Ramaiya Vastavaiya]]'' || Raghuveer||
|-
| ''[[Bhai (2013 film)|Bhai]]'' || James || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[R... Rajkumar]]'' || Shivraj Gurjar || rowspan="2" |Hindi ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2014 || ''[[Entertainment (2014 film)|Entertainment]]'' || Arjun||
|-
| ''[[Aagadu]]'' || Damodar || Telugu||
|-
| ''[[Happy New Year (2014 film)|Happy New Year]]'' || Jagmohan Prakash (Jag) || Hindi ||
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2016 || ''[[Saagasam]]'' || Bittu || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Xuanzang (film)|Xuanzang]]'' || [[Harsha]] || [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] ||[[Cinema of China|Chinese Film]]
|-
| ''[[Ishq Positive]]'' || Himself || [[Urdu]] || [[Pakistani Film]] Cameo appearance
|-
| ''[[Devi (2016 film)|Devi]]'' || rowspan="3" | Raj Khanna || Tamil ||rowspan="3"|Trilingual film; Also producer for Hindi version
|-
| ''[[Devi (2016 film)|Abhinetri]]'' || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Devi (2016 film)|Tutak Tutak Tutiya]]'' || Hindi
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Kung Fu Yoga]]'' || Randall || Mandarin, Hindi, English ||Trilingual film
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018 ||''[[Paltan (film)|Paltan]]'' || Maj. Bishen Singh || rowspan="2" | Hindi ||
|-
|''[[Simmba]]''|| Durva Ranade ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2019 || ''[[Kurukshetra (2019 film)|Kurukshetra]]'' || [[Arjuna]] || Kannada ||
|-
| ''[[Devi 2]]'' || rowspan="2" | Raj Khanna || Tamil || rowspan="2"|Bilingual film; Cameo appearance
|-
| ''[[Abhinetri 2]]'' || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Sita (2019 film)|Sita]]'' || Basavaraju || rowspan="3" | Telugu || <ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/tamil-cinema-is-my-first-love-sonu-sood/articleshow/68739361.cms |title=Tamil cinema is my first love: Sonu Sood |date=6 April 2019 |first=Sindhu |last=Vijayakumar |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/kajal-aggarwal-shares-a-chilling-shot-from-her-upcoming-telugu-film-sita-photo/393552 |title=Kajal Aggarwal shares a 'chilling' shot from her upcoming Telugu film, Sita [PHOTO] |date=3 April 2019 |first=Anusha |last=Iyengar |work=[[Times Now]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2021 || ''[[Alludu Adhurs]]''|| Gaja||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2022
| ''[[Acharya (2022 film)|Acharya]]'' || Basava||<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sonu-sood-on-getting-films-with-lead-roles-chiranjeevi-acharya-film-7111430/ |title=Sonu Sood on shooting with Chiranjeevi: He refused to hit me on screen, saying people will curse him |date=20 December 2020 |access-date=24 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Samrat Prithviraj]]'' || [[Chand Bardai]] || Hindi ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-yash-raj-films-announces-theatrical-release-dates-bunty-aur-babli-2-prithviraj-jayeshbhai-jordaar-shamshera/ |title=BREAKING: Yash Raj Films announces theatrical release dates for Bunty Aur Babli 2, Prithviraj, Jayeshbhai Jordaar and Shamshera! |date=26 September 2021 |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2023
| ''[[Tamilarasan]]'' || Rana Prathap Singh || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Sreemanta]]'' || - || Kannada || <ref>{{cite web |title=SreemantaU |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/sreemanta/movieshow/100323535.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1"|2025
|''[[Fateh (2025 film)|Fateh]]'' || Fateh Singh || Hindi ||Also director, writer, and producer; directorial debut<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sonu-sood-jacqueline-fernandez-starrer-fateh-starts-filming-in-punjab/article66607108.ece|title=Sonu Sood, Jacqueline Fernandez starrer 'Fateh' starts filming in Punjab |work=The Hindu|date=11 March 2023 |access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Dubbing career ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Film title !! Actor !! Character !! Dub Language !! Original Language !! Original Year release !! Notes
|-
| ''[[The Legend of Hercules]]'' || [[Kellan Lutz]] || [[Heracles|Hercules]]/Alcides || Hindi || English || 2014 ||
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2022–2023
| ''[[MTV Roadies]]''
| Host
| Season 19 & 20
|-
|}

== Music videos ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Track
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Musical Artists
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Director
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Language
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021 || ''Pagal Nahi Hona'' || [[Sunanda Sharma]], [[Jaani (songwriter)|Jaani]], Avvy Sra || Mahi Sandhu, Joban Sandhu || Punjabi ||<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sunanda Sharma's latest song 'Pagal Nahi Hona' ft. Sonu Sood is out |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/sunanda-sharmas-latest-song-pagal-nahi-hona-ft-sonu-sood-is-out/articleshow/80281843.cms |access-date=4 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Saath Kya Nibhaoge''
|[[Tony Kakkar]], [[Altaf Raja]]
|[[Farah Khan]]
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Vaishali |date=3 August 2021 |title=Saath Kya Nibhaoge: Sonu Sood, Nidhhi Agerwal drops FIRST glimpse of music video |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/saath-kya-nibhaoge-sonu-sood-nidhhi-agerwal-drops-first-glimpse-of-music-video-724074 |access-date=4 August 2021 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Personal life ==
In 1996, Sood married Sonali, a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] lady, who hails from [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Interview with Sonu Sood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Interview-with-Sonu-Sood/articleshow/20728369.cms |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en |quote=''And, I don't know if many people know this, but I'm married to a Telugu girl.''}}</ref> They have two sons named Ayaan and Ishant.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonu Sood Marriage: The First Love Is Forever For This Actor |url=https://www.thebridalbox.com/articles/sonu-sood-marriage_0057676/ |last=Garoo |first=Rohit |date=15 November 2016 |website=The Bridal Box |language=en-US |access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref> He is an [[eggetarian]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dedhia |first=Sonil |title=Want a bikini body like Esha Gupta? Read this! |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/want-a-bikini-body-like-esha-gupta-read-this/20150320.htm |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref>

== Philanthropy ==

=== Sood Charity Foundation ===
Sood has founded the Sood Charity Foundation "to help people of all stature".<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://soodcharityfoundation.org/ |website=Sood Charity Foundation |access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref> An initiative by Sood for providing free coaching to [[Civil Services Examination (India)|UPSC exam]] candidates from underprivileged financial backgrounds.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharadwaj |first=Akanksha |date=14 June 2021 |title=Sonu Sood Free IAS Coaching Scholarship [Sambhavam] by Sood Charity Foundation: Apply by June 30 |url=https://www.lawctopus.com/sonu-sood-free-ias-coaching-scholarship-2021-sambhavam/ |access-date=16 June 2021 |website=Lawctopus}}</ref> Sood was announced as the [[Government of Delhi|Delhi Government]]'s brand ambassador of its ''[[Desh Ke Mentor|Desh ke Mentor]]'' ("country mentor") programme by the [[List of chief ministers of Delhi|Delhi chief minister]] [[Arvind Kejriwal]] on 27 August 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bose |first=Joydeep |title=Sonu Sood to be brand ambassador for Delhi's mentorship initiative, says Kejriwal |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/sonu-sood-to-be-brand-ambassador-for-delhi-s-mentorship-initiative-says-kejriwal-101630037752397.html |date=27 August 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |access-date=6 October 2021}}</ref>

SANKALP is one of the flagship campaigns of the Sood Charity Foundation. It is a free law entrance coaching program to assist people with academic guidance and other essential resources for CLAT and AILET exam preparation. The goal has been to bridge the gap between the less-privileged deserving candidates and Law schools.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kohli |first=Robbie |title=SANKALP – Free Law Education |url=https://soodcharityfoundation.org/donations/scholarships-for-law-students/ |website=Sood Charity Foundation|date=28 March 2017 }}</ref>

The train accident in Odisha's Balasore resulted in the death of over 250 people and left more than 1,000 injured. Sonu launched Helpline For Odisha Train Accident Victims and requests the government to set up a relief fund.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sonu Sood Launches Helpline For Odisha Train Accident Victims|url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/sonu-sood-launches-helpline-number-for-odisha-train-accident-victims-stst-2619142.html|date=8 June 2023|work=[[Zee News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sonu Sood Launches Helpline To Help Odisha Train Accident Victims|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/sonu-sood-launches-helpline-to-help-odisha-train-accident-victims-8029933.html|date=8 June 2023|work=[[News18]]}}</ref>

=== Fraudsters impersonating Sood Charity Foundation ===
Across the country there are many volunteers and agents who have possibly associated to support the work of the organization and have started contacting people via twitter, Facebook and Instagram to impersonate Sonu Sood and Sonali Sood and are collecting fees in his name.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}} They take the money online via bank transfers<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-06 |title=Sonu Sood thanks Cyberabad police for saving his name from fraudsters |url=https://www.siasat.com/sonu-sood-thanks-cyberabad-police-for-saving-his-name-from-fraudsters-2120725/ |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> and later withdraw the money via ATM machines. Reports also suggest that they spoof emails of Sood Charity Foundation. The Foundation has not actively taken steps to ensure this stops and contacting the foundation senior management is near impossible to most civilians.

=== Social work during the COVID-19 pandemic ===
In May 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India|nationwide lockdown]] due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Sood helped thousands of stranded [[Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic|Indian migrant workers]] to reach their homes by arranging buses, special trains and chartered flights for them.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonu Sood trends online for helping migrants go back home. Real hero, says Internet |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/sonu-sood-trends-online-for-helping-migrants-go-back-home-real-hero-says-internet-1681086-2020-05-23 |last=Gosh |first=Raya |date=24 May 2020 |website=India Today |language=en |access-date=30 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonu Sood is the new Sushma Swaraj, helping stranded Indians one Twitter request at a time |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/pov/sonu-sood-is-the-new-sushma-swaraj-helping-stranded-indians-one-twitter-request-at-a-time/428589/ |last=Dixit |first=Prashant |date=24 May 2020 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |access-date=30 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjab CM hails 'Moga boy Sonu Sood' for helping migrant workers in crisis |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/entertainment/bollywood/punjab-cm-hails-moga-boy-sonu-sood-for-helping-migrant-workers-in-crisis20200528225044/ |website=ANI News |language=en |access-date=30 May 2020}}</ref> In July 2020 he arranged a chartered flight to bring home over 1,500 Indian students stranded in [[Kyrgyzstan]], flying them from [[Bishkek]] to [[Varanasi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Kapil Sharma tells Sonu Sood 'You have played a villain in films but you are a real life hero' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kapil-sharma-tells-sonu-sood-you-have-played-a-villain-in-films-but-you-are-a-real-life-hero/articleshow/77112200.cms |date=22 July 2020 |newspaper=Times of India |access-date=5 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sonu Sood arranges charter flights for over 1,500 Indian students stranded in Kyrgyzstan, group of airborne students send actor message of gratitude |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/sonu-sood-arranges-charter-flights-for-over-1500-indian-students-stranded-in-kyrgyzstan-group-of-airborne-students-send-actor-message-of-gratitude/videoshow/77181581.cms |date=26 July 2020 |newspaper=Times of India |access-date=5 August 2020}}</ref> His charity during the pandemic was lauded, and he was hailed as a real-life hero in India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pandey |first=Geeta |date=25 May 2020 |title=Bollywood actor hailed for helping stranded migrants |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-52783084 |access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref>

On 25 July 2020, a video of a farmer's daughters ploughing a field, like bulls with a yoke on their shoulders, went viral over social media. Sood quickly sent the family a tractor.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pavan |first=P. |title=Andhra Pradesh: Sonu Sood sends tractor to Chittoor farmer to plough fields |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/coronavirus/news/andhra-pradesh-sonu-sood-promises-tractor-to-farmer-whose-teenage-daughters-were-ploughing-field/articleshow/77184311.cms |date=26 July 2020 |newspaper=Mumbai Mirror |access-date=5 August 2020}}</ref> On 5 August 2020, he helped 101 medical students, predominantly from Tamil Nadu, who were stranded in Moscow during the lockdown, reach Chennai safely on a chartered flight arranged by him after they contacted his team for help.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2020 |title=Sonu Sood's largesse continues, actor helps 100 TN students stranded in Moscow reach Chennai |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2020/aug/05/sonu-soods-largesse-continues-actor-helps-100-tn-students-stranded-in-moscow-reach-chennai-2179515.html}}</ref> On his birthday he launched a website and app called Pravasi Rojgar to help migrant workers find suitable jobs amid the pandemic.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sonu Sood Launches App With Three Lakh Job Opportunities For Migrant Workers |url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/bollywood/sonu-sood-announces-three-lakh-jobs-on-his-birthday-53531 |website=Mumbai Live |access-date=8 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2020 |title=Sonu Sood is now Punjab icon, announces Election Commission |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sonu-sood-is-now-punjab-icon-announces-election-commission/story-tuMgcwzgVzBhTv9TNXwfPN.html |access-date=18 November 2020 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> On 19 February 2021, Sood launched an initiative 'Ilaaj India' platform to provide healthcare services for needy people.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} In December 2020 he published ''[[I Am No Messiah]]'', autobiographical book, narrating his journey to become an actor, and narrating his social work during the pandemic.<ref name="ToI Sonu Sood's autobiography to be titled 'I Am No Messiah'">{{cite news |title=Sonu Sood's autobiography to be titled 'I Am No Messiah' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/sonu-soods-autobiography-to-be-titled-i-am-no-messiah/articleshow/79183949.cms |access-date=30 May 2021 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

On 17 April 2021, Sonu Sood tested positive for [[COVID-19]]. He also shared a message for his fans in his post that read: "Covid – positive. Mood and spirit – super positive. Hi everyone, this is to inform you that I have tested positive this morning for COVID-19. As a part of precautions, I have already quarantined myself and taking utmost care. But don't worry this gives me ample time to solve your problems. Remember I am always there for you all."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonu Sood Tests Positive For COVID-19: "Mood And Spirit – Super Positive" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sonu-sood-tests-positive-for-covid-19-mood-and-spirit-super-positive-2415740 |access-date=18 April 2021 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref>

In 2021, Sood provided much-needed oxygen plants and cylinders for COVID-19 patients in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/bollywood-news-sonu-sood-brings-oxygen-plants-from-france-to-fight-covid-19-says-time-is-biggest-challenge-4656020/ |title=Sonu Sood Brings Oxygen Plants From France To Fight Covid-19, Says 'Time is Biggest Challenge |work=[[India.com]] |date=11 May 2022}}</ref> Sood and [[Kumar Vishwas]] have supported the ''Aao Gaon Bachayein'' ("Save the Villages") campaign started by comic poet and satirist [[Pankaj Prasun]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sonu Sood, Kumar Vishwas back poet's Covid care campaign |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/sonu-sood-kumar-vishwas-back-poet-s-covid-care-campaign-101621357822104.html/ |access-date=29 June 2021 |website=Hindustantimes |date=18 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sonu Sood joints hands with Kumar Vishwas for 'Aao Gaon Bachayein |url=https://thedailyguardian.com/sonu-sood-joins-hands-with-kumar-vishwas-for-aao-gaon-bachayen/ |access-date=29 June 2021 |website=The daily Guardian |date=22 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last1=Sood |first1=Sonu |title=[[I Am No Messiah]] |last2=Iyer |first2=Meena |publisher=[[Penguin India]] |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-14-345198-3}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|1399243}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|sonu-sood}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu}}{{IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sood, Sonu}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:People from Moga, Punjab]]
[[Category:Male actors from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

Marutha (2025 film)

2026-03-20T23:43:35Z

IolaBrookshire: Started basic details first draft...

{{short description|Indian Kannada-language action thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Marutha
| image = Marutha (2025 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[S. Narayan]]
| writer =
| screenplay = S. Narayan
| story = S. Narayan
| producer = [[K. Manju]] Ramesh Yadav
| starring = [[Duniya Vijay]] [[Shreyas Manju]] [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]] [[Brinda Acharya]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = PKH Das Kumar Gowda
| editing = Shivaprasad Yadav
| music = S. Narayan [[Jassie Gift]]
| studio = Eesha Productions
| distributor = Eesha Productions
| released = {{Film date|2025|11|21|df=y|ref1=}}
| runtime = 156 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Marutha''''' is a 2025 Indian Kannada-language action thriller film directed by filmmaker [[S. Narayan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Jan/27/its-a-wrap-for-s-narayans-marutha|title=It’s a wrap for S Narayan’s Marutha|work=The New Indian Express|date=27 January 2025}}</ref> Produced under the banner Eashaa Productions by [[K. Manju]] and Ramesh Yadav, the film has an [[ensemble cast]] including [[Duniya Vijay]], [[Shreyas Manju]], [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]], [[Brinda Acharya]], [[Nishvika Naidu]], [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] and [[Rangayana Raghu]] in pivotal roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2025/Sep/18/im-not-the-hero-of-marutha-vijay-kumar-sets-the-record-straight|title=I'm not the hero of Marutha, Vijay Kumar sets the record straight|work=Cinema Express|date=18 September 2025}}</ref>

The film released theatrically on 21 November 2025,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cininewskannada.com/cinema/duniya-vijay-s-narayan-combination-film-marutha-is-all-set-for-release/|title=Duniya Vijay-S Narayan combination film “Marutha” is all set for release|work=Cini News Kannada|date=16 November 2025|language=kn}}</ref> and features soundtrack composed by S. Narayan and [[Jassie Gift]], while the cinematography is by PKH Das and Kumar Gowda, the editing is by Shivaprasad Yadav.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/s-narayan-wraps-up-filming-of-marutha-starring-duniya-vijay-shreyas-k-manju-article-117838165|title=S Narayan Wraps Up Filming Of ‘Marutha’ Starring Duniya Vijay, Shreyas K Manju|work=Times Now News|date=1 February 2025}}</ref> The film addresses the dangers of social media misuse, women’s safety, and family responsibility in the digital age.

== Plot ==
The story begins in Malenadu, where Eeshwar (Shreyas Manju), an engineering student, dreams of becoming a film director rather than focusing on his studies. His parents (played by Sharat Lohitashwa and Tara) struggle to keep him grounded, urging him to help with their small grocery business. Eeshwar spends most of his time with friends and his comic uncle Singarappa (Sadhu Kokila), indulging in mischief and cinema fantasies.

During a family event, Eeshwar meets Ananya (Brinda Acharya), a charming young woman who moves into his neighborhood. He falls in love at first sight. Their budding romance takes a turn when Ananya disappears under mysterious circumstances after a train journey where Eeshwar loses his tablet while taking a selfie with her. Rumors spread that the two have eloped, forcing Eeshwar and his uncle to clear their names.

Parallelly, the narrative introduces Anish Patil (Duniya Vijay), a tough crime branch officer investigating a human trafficking racket that exploits women through social media traps. His probe reveals a sinister network led by Matthew, who lures girls via fake profiles and sells them abroad. The investigation gains momentum when Anish finds Eeshwar and Ananya’s selfie, linking them to the case.

As the search intensifies, shocking truths emerge: Ananya had a Facebook friend named Vivek Kulkarni, whose involvement points to a larger conspiracy. The film moves across Bengaluru, Malenadu, and Goa, showcasing the gang’s operations and the police’s desperate attempts to rescue victims. Eeshwar’s personal quest to find Ananya intertwines with Anish’s mission, leading to high-octane chases, emotional confrontations, and revelations about trust and responsibility in the digital age. The climax delivers a strong social message: unchecked social media use can lead to catastrophic consequences, urging families to monitor online activities and prioritize safety. The film ends with Anish dismantling the trafficking ring and Eeshwar realizing the value of responsibility over reckless ambition.

== Cast ==
{{Castlist|
* [[Duniya Vijay]] as Anish Patil
* [[Shreyas Manju]] as Eeshwar
* [[Brinda Acharya]] as Ananya
* [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
* [[Nishvika Naidu]]
* [[Rangayana Raghu]]
* [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] as Eeshwar's mother
* [[Sharath Lohitashwa]] as Eeshwar's father
* [[Sadhu Kokila]] as Singarappa
* [[Pramod Shetty]]
* [[Chithra Shenoy]]
* Manju Pavagada
}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
S. Narayan conceived Maarutha as a wake-up call for the digital generation, inspired by real-life cases of online harassment and missing women. He emphasized that the film is not women-centric but deeply rooted in their experiences, aiming to spark conversations about safe social media practices.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2025/Oct/12/brinda-acharya-working-with-s-narayan-taught-me-the-traditional-way-of-filmmaking|title=Brinda Acharya: Working with S Narayan taught me the traditional way of filmmaking|work=Cinema Express|date=12 October 2025}}</ref>

== Music ==
The soundtrack consists of songs composed and written by [[S. Narayan]]. Additionally, [[Jassie Gift]] composed a single. Audio was released on Jhankar Music label.

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Chanda Maarutha
| length1 = 4:40
| lyrics1 = [[S. Narayan]]
| extra1 = [[Chandan Shetty]]
| title2 = Ondsala Meet Madona
| length2 = 4:17
| lyrics2 = S. Narayan
| extra2 = [[Sonu Nigam]]
| title3 = Nammamma Savadatthi Yellamma
| length3 = 3:41
| lyrics3 = S. Narayan
| extra3 = [[Ananya Bhat]]
| title4 = Yeno Maga
| length4 = 3:41
| lyrics4 = S. Narayan
| extra4 = Chandan Shetty, [[Shamitha Malnad]]
| title5 = Kanase Karagi Bidu (Music: [[Jassie Gift]])
| length5 = 3:41
| lyrics5 = S. Narayan
| extra5 = [[Haricharan (singer)|Haricharan]]
| total_length = 13:33
}}

== Critical reviews ==

[[Asianet Suvarna News]] described the film as "Vintage S. Narayan," highlighting its family drama, emotional depth, and strong message. The review praised Duniya Vijay’s intense portrayal of a cop and the director’s ability to blend social commentary with entertainment, though it mentioned that the narrative occasionally meanders with too many subplots.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/movie-reviews/s-narayan-direction-duniya-vijays-marutha-movie-review-gvd/articleshow-ctt29e6|title=ವಿಂಟೇಜ್‌ ಎಸ್‌. ನಾರಾಯಣ್‌ ಈಸ್‌ ಬ್ಯಾಕ್‌: ದುನಿಯಾ ವಿಜಯ್‌ 'ಮಾರುತ' ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಹೇಗಿದೆ?|work=Asianet News|date=22 November 2025|language=kn}}</ref>

Vishwavani News gave the film 2.5/5, calling it a suspense thriller with potential but lacking novelty. While the performances and action scenes were appreciated, the review criticized the film for predictable family drama elements and underutilized comedy tracks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vishwavani.news/movies/duniya-vijay-shreyas-manju-s-narayan-starrer-maarutha-kannada-movie-review-and-rating-61390.html|title=Maarutha Review:‌ ಸೋಶಿಯಲ್ ಮೀಡಿಯಾದ ಕ್ರೈಮ್‌ಗಳ ಮೇಲೆ ಬೆಳಕು ಚೆಲ್ಲುವ ʻಮಾರುತʼ|work=Vishwa Vani|date=22 November 2025|language=kn}}</ref>

== References ==
<references responsive="1"></references>

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt28613561}}
* [https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/bengaluru/maarutha/ET00465845 Maarutha (2025) - Movie | Reviews, Cast & Release Date at BookMyShow]

{{S. Narayan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marutha}}
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:2025 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2025 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. Narayan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Jassie Gift]]

Sainbari murder

2026-03-17T19:56:53Z

IolaBrookshire: minor update

{{Short description|1970 murders in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Political POV|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Sainbari Murder
| image =
| caption =
| location = [[Bardhaman]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| date = 17 March 1970
| target = Sain Family
| victims = Pranab Kumar Sain, Malay Kumar Sain and Jitendranath Roy
}}

The '''Sainbari incident''' refers to a violent political clash that occurred on 17 March 1970 in [[Bardhaman]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]], during a period of intense political conflict between the [[Indian National Congress]] and the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI(M)). The incident involved multiple deaths and became a subject of prolonged political controversy in the state.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=3&id=196321&usrsess=1 |title=The Statesman |access-date=2008-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227202612/http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=3&id=196321&usrsess=1 |archive-date=2007-12-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Background ==
The late 1960s and early 1970s in West Bengal were marked by significant political instability, including the fall of coalition governments and increasing clashes between rival political groups.

On 16 March 1970, the [[Second Mukherjee ministry|Second United Front government]] led by Chief Minister [[Ajoy Mukherjee]] was dismissed. In response, left parties including CPI(M) called for a statewide bandh (general strike) on 17 March.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=ভাদুড়ি |first=অর্ক |date=2021-06-18 |title=সিপিএমের সাঁইবাড়ি সংকট: আত্মসমর্পণের পর ইতিহাসের সামনে তোতলামি |url=https://nagorik.net/politics/state-politics/left-congress-alliance-past-and-future/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Nagorik.net |language=en-US}}</ref>

The Sain family in Bardhaman was a [[zamindar]] family, and a strong supporter of the Congress.<ref name=":0" /> They were also allegedly involved in acts of aggression against CPI(M) supporters.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |title=সম্পাদক সমীপেষু: শুধুই কি সাঁইবাড়ি? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/editorial/letters-to-the-editor/letters-to-the-editor-cpm-and-congress-fought-the-election-in-a-coalition-even-after-history-of-sainbari/cid/1288958 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210704091934/https://www.anandabazar.com/editorial/letters-to-the-editor/letters-to-the-editor-cpm-and-congress-fought-the-election-in-a-coalition-even-after-history-of-sainbari/cid/1288958 |archive-date=2021-07-04 |access-date=2026-03-17}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite news |title=‘সাঁইবাড়ির ভূতের’ চাপে অস্থির সিপিএম-কংগ্রেস |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/ghost-of-sainbari-returns-to-haunt-cpm-congress/cid/1286838 |archive-date=2021-06-14 |access-date=2026-03-17}}</ref>

==Incident==
On 17 March 1970, a procession associated with the bandh took place in [[Bardhaman]] town. According to accounts: the procession was initially peaceful. It was attacked with bombs and pipe guns by armed individuals allegedly associated with the Congress. The violence at the Sain residence occurred as part of a retaliatory clash rather than a premeditated attack.<ref name=":1" /> This claim was substantiated by the Mukherjee Commission report.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Durga Shibaprasad Roy Another v. Union Of India Others, Calcutta High Court, Judgment, Law, casemine.com |url=https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/56ea8314607dba36fd0b7a1e |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=https://www.casemine.com |language=en}}</ref>

Reports alleged that as part of the retaliatory clash, a large group of CPI(M) supporters attacked the residence of the Sain family, leading to the deaths of Malay Sain and Pranab Sain, along with another individual Jitendranath Roy.<ref name="Indian Express">{{Cite web |date=9 April 2016 |title=Irony deals a brutal hand on this family — in CPM-Congress alliance, 46 yrs after Sainbai massacre |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/elections-2016/india/india-news-india/west-bengal-elections-2016-cpim-congress-1970-sainbai-massacre/}}</ref>

== Legal proceedings ==
A criminal case (commonly referred to as the ''Sainbari case'') was initiated based on a First Information Report (FIR) as Burdwan Police Station Case No. 50 of 1970 filed on the day of the incident. Charges were framed against multiple accused persons, including political figures like CPI(M) leader [[Benoy Krishna Konar|Benoy Konar]].<ref name=":2" /> The State Govt appointed Retd. Judge Tarapada Mukherjee as Commission of Enquiry (known as the Mukherjee Commission) on 28th April 1970. It submitted its report to the State Govt on 27th July, 1970 mentioning that the local police and administration were unable to control the crowds and the situation.<ref name=":2" />

In 1978, Judge R.K. Kar acquitted all the 83 people accused in the case.<ref name=":2" />

==Aftermath==
[[File:Memorial plaque of Martyrs at Ahladipur Village, Bardhaman.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Memorial plaque of martyrs at Ahladipur Village, Bardhaman]]
Congress party leadership including [[Indira Gandhi]] had visited the house in the heart of [[Bardhaman]] town after the incident.<ref name=Statesman>{{cite web | url =http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=22&id=285903&usrsess=1 | title = Sainbari survivors despair of getting justice| publisher = The Statesman, 5 May 2009 | accessdate = 2009-08-10}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

In 1971, Bhabadish Roy, a lawyer representing the accused in the Sainbari case, was killed; some accounts attribute the killing to individuals associated with the Congress party.<ref name=":1" /> On 12 June 1972, another episode of violence occurred in Ahladipur village in the [[Khandaghosh (community development block)|Khandaghosh area]]. According to reports, a group associated with Congress led by Nabakumar Sain (another brother of the Sain family) attacked the village, resulting in the deaths of four individuals - Shibu Roy, Ansar Mirza, Syed Mirza and Sharat Dolui and the destruction of several houses.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" />

In [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]] and the newly elected [[Trinamool Congress|Trinamool]] government formed a commission to probe the incident under Retd. Justice Arunabha Basu. As per reports, the Arunabha Basu Commission had not submitted any report till date.<ref>{{Cite news |last=দত্ত |first=সৌমেন |title=ভোট-প্রচার, পাল্টা প্রচারে ফের সাঁইবাড়ি |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/lok-sabha-election-2019-even-after-50-years-sainbari-incident-is-still-the-hot-topic-1.967147 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230216151942/https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/lok-sabha-election-2019-even-after-50-years-sainbari-incident-is-still-the-hot-topic-1.967147 |archive-date=2023-02-16 |access-date=2026-03-17 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/its-politics-of-vendetta-buddhadeb/article2351526.ece|title=It's politics of vendetta: Buddhadeb|first=Ananya|last=Dutta|newspaper=The Hindu |date=13 August 2011|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=‘সিপিএম অতীত’ বলে সাঁইবাড়ি ক্ষত উসকে দিল কংগ্রেস, এবার বামেদের সঙ্গে সম্মুখসমরে হাত শিবির? |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/bengal/west-bengal-assembly-election-congress-reminds-cpm-of-sainbari-before-wb-election/pid/1127473/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=sangbadpratidin |language=bn}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Purba Bardhaman topics}}
[[Category:Communist terrorist incidents in India]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
[[Category:Political repression]]
[[Category:Crime in West Bengal]]
[[Category:1970s in West Bengal]]
[[Category:1970 murders in India]]
[[Category:Purba Bardhaman district]]

Mantha, Jalna

2026-03-17T07:02:18Z

IolaBrookshire:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mantha
| other_name = मंठा
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19|38|48|N|76|23|07|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jalna district|Jalna]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Nagar panchayat
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Balasaheb Borade
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 22005<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/548208-mantha-maharashtra.html|title = Mantha Village Population - Mantha - Jalna, Maharashtra}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 431504
| registration_plate = MH-21
| blank2_name_sec1 =
| blank2_info_sec1 =
| blank3_name_sec1 =
| blank3_info_sec1 =
| blank4_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank4_info_sec1 = 77%
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Mantha''' is a town in [[Jalna district]] in the state of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].

==Demography==
Mantha tehsil has 114 villages under its supervision. According to 2011 census, Mantha plus 114 villages has population of 1,67,022. Among this 51% are male while 49% are female. SC population is 16% while ST population is around 3%. Literacy is 61%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jalna.nic.in/html/Jalna2011.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=28 March 2015 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402123108/http://jalna.nic.in/html/Jalna2011.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Mantha village, according to 2011 census, has a population of 22,005, of which 11,393 are male and 10,612 are female. Literacy is 76.86%, male literacy is 84.26% and female literacy is 69.01%. Total houses are 4210.

==Politics==
*Though Mantha is in Jalna district, it comes under [[Parbhani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Parbhani Loksabha Constituency]] for [[Lok Sabha]] or General Elections of India. Current Member of Parliament is [[Sanjay Haribhau Jadhav|Sanjay(Bandu) Jadhav]] of [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]] party.
*Mantha comes under [[Partur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Partur-Mantha constituency]] for Legislative Assembly elections of [[Maharashtra]]. Current Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) from this area is [[Babanrao Lonikar]] of [Bhartiya Janata Party].

==Culture==
*Mantha has mixed culture, here people of different cultures lives together. People of different communities like [[Muslim]]s, [[Maratha]]s, [[Banjara]]s, [[Buddhist]]s etc. are found in large numbers.
*Renuka Mata Temple is main temple of the town, it also attracts people from other surrounding villages. Goddess Renuka has been known as "Goddess of the Town". The shrine is located on a small hillock north of the town.
*Friday is the day of weekly market in Mantha, this day is regarded as big day or important day in Mantha. People from small villages around comes to Mantha for their weekly shopping. Place of weekly market is in between Bus stand and Government Rural Hospital(RH).

==Places to Visit==
# [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Renuka+Devi+Temple/@19.6587556,76.3962566,17.3z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x3bda830f29c9fbfd:0x863005d469ae5b2a!8m2!3d19.6591486!4d76.3956491 Renuka Mata Mandir. ]

== Transportation ==

=== Road ===
Mantha is well connected to [[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]], [[Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar]], [[Akola]], [[Nanded]], [[Latur]], [[Pune]], and [[Hyderabad]] by road. Mantha has a Bus Stand, operated by [[Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation|MSRTC]]. It is the main hub of transportation.

=== Rail ===
The nearest rail stations are [[Partur]] and [[Sailu]].

=== Air ===
The nearest airports are the [[Aurangabad Airport|Chikhalthana Airport]] in [[Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar]], which is 120 km and [[Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Airport|Nanded Airport]], which is 134 km from Mantha.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Jalna district topics}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Jalna district]]
[[Category:Talukas in Maharashtra]]

Subatomic particle

2026-03-16T08:09:41Z

IolaBrookshire:

{{Short description|Particle smaller than an atom}}
[[File:Quark structure proton.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|A composite particle [[proton]] is made of two [[up quark]]s and one [[down quark]], which are [[elementary particle]]s.]]

In [[physics]], a '''subatomic particle''' is a [[particle]] smaller than an [[atom]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Subatomic particles|url=http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Radiography/subatomicparticles.htm|publisher=NTD|access-date=5 June 2012|archive-date=16 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140216092512/http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Radiography/subatomicparticles.htm}}</ref> According to the [[Standard Model|Standard Model of particle physics]], a subatomic particle can be a [[composite particle]] or an [[elementary particle]]. A composite particle, such as a [[proton]] or a [[neutron]], is composed of other particles while an elementary particle, such as an [[electron]], is not composed of other particles.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bolonkin|first=Alexander|title=Universe, Human Immortality and Future Human Evaluation|date=2011|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|isbn=978-0-12-415801-6|pages=25}}</ref> [[Particle physics]] and [[nuclear physics]] study these particles and how they interact.<ref>
{{cite book
| last = Fritzsch | first = Harald
| date = 2005
| title = Elementary Particles
| url = https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic0000frit
| url-access = registration | pages = [https://archive.org/details/elementarypartic0000frit/page/11 11]–20
| publisher = [[World Scientific]]
| isbn = 978-981-256-141-1
}}</ref> Most force-carrying particles such as [[photons]] or [[gluons]] are called [[bosons]] and, although they have quanta of energy, do not have rest mass or discrete diameters (other than pure energy wavelength) and are unlike the former particles that have rest mass and cannot overlap or combine, which are called [[fermions]]. The [[W and Z bosons]], however, are an exception to this rule and have relatively large rest masses at approximately {{val|80|ul=GeV/c2}} and {{val|90|u=GeV/c2}} respectively.

Experiments show that light can behave like a [[stream of particles]] (called [[photon]]s) as well as exhibiting wave-like properties. This led to the concept of [[wave–particle duality]] to reflect that quantum-scale {{em|particles}} behave both like particles and like [[wave]]s; they are occasionally called ''wavicles'' to reflect this.<ref>{{cite book|title=Quantum Uncertainties: Recent and Future Experiments and Interpretations|first1=Geoffrey|last1=Hunter|first2=Robert L. P.|last2=Wadlinger|editor-first1=William M.|editor-last1=Honig|editor-first2=David W.|editor-last2=Kraft|editor-first3=Emilio|editor-last3=Panarella|date=August 23, 1987|publisher=Springer US|pages=331–343 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4684-5386-7_18 |quote=The finite-field model of the photon is both a particle and a wave, and hence we refer to it by Eddington's name "wavicle". }}</ref>

Another concept, the [[uncertainty principle]], states that some of their properties taken together, such as their simultaneous [[position (vector)|position]] and [[momentum]], cannot be measured exactly.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Heisenberg |first=W. |date=1927 |title=Über den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik |journal=[[Zeitschrift für Physik]] |language=de |volume=43 |issue=3–4 |pages=172–198 |bibcode=1927ZPhy...43..172H |doi=10.1007/BF01397280 |s2cid=122763326 }}</ref>
Interactions of particles in the framework of [[quantum field theory]] are understood as creation and annihilation of ''[[quantum|quanta]]'' of corresponding [[fundamental interaction]]s. This blends particle physics with [[Quantum field theory|field theory]].

Even among [[particle physics|particle physicists]], the exact definition of a particle varies. These professional attempts at the definition of a particle include:<ref>{{cite web |date=12 November 2020 |title=What is a Particle? |url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/what-is-a-particle-20201112/}}</ref>
* A particle is a [[wave function collapse|collapsed wave function]]
* A particle is an excitation of a [[Quantum field theory|quantum field]]
* A particle is an [[Poincaré group|irreducible representation of the Poincaré group]]
* A particle is an observed thing

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Particles in the atom
! Subatomic particle !! Symbol !! Type !! Location in atom !! Charge{{br}}{{bracket|''[[Elementary charge|e]]''}} !! Mass{{br}}{{bracket|[[Dalton (unit)|Da]]}}
|-
| proton || p+ || composite || nucleus || +1 || ≈ 1
|-
| neutron || n0 || composite || nucleus || 0 || ≈ 1
|-
| electron || e− || elementary || shells || −1 || ≈ {{sfrac|1|2000}}
|}

== Classification ==

=== By composition ===
Subatomic particles are either "elementary", i.e. not made of multiple other particles, or "composite" and made of more than one elementary particle bound together.

The elementary particles of the [[Standard Model]] are:<ref name="IntroSM1">
{{cite book |last1=Cottingham |first1=W. N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dm36BYq9iu0C |title=An introduction to the standard model of particle physics |last2=Greenwood |first2=D.A. |date=2007 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-85249-4 |page=1}}</ref>
* Six "[[Flavour (particle physics)|flavors]]" of [[quark]]s: [[Up quark|up]], [[Down quark|down]], [[Strange quark|strange]], [[Charm quark|charm]], [[Bottom quark|bottom]], and [[Top quark|top]];
* Six types of [[lepton]]s: [[electron]], [[electron neutrino]], [[muon]], [[muon neutrino]], [[tau (particle)|tau]], [[tau neutrino]];
* Twelve [[gauge boson]]s (force carriers): the photon of [[electromagnetism]], the three W and Z bosons of the [[weak interaction|weak force]], and the eight gluons of the [[strong force]];
* The [[Higgs boson]].
[[File:Standard Model of Elementary Particles.svg|thumb|upright=1.8|The [[Standard Model]] classification of elementary particles]]

All of these have now been discovered through experiments, with the latest being the top quark (1995), tau neutrino (2000), and Higgs boson (2012).

Various [[Physics beyond the Standard Model|extensions of the Standard Model]] predict the existence of an elementary [[graviton]] particle and [[List of elementary particles#Hypothetical particles|many other elementary particles]], but none have been discovered as of 2021.

==== Hadrons ====
The word hadron comes from Greek and was introduced in 1962 by [[Lev Okun]].<ref>{{cite conference |first=Lev |last=Okun |author-link=Lev Okun |year=1962 |title=The theory of weak interaction |conference=International Conference on High-Energy Physics |place=CERN, Geneva, CH |book-title=Proceedings of 1962 International Conference on High-Energy Physics at CERN |page=845 |type=plenary talk |bibcode=1962hep..conf..845O}}</ref> Nearly all composite particles contain multiple quarks (and/or antiquarks) bound together by gluons (with a few exceptions with no quarks, such as [[positronium]] and [[muonium]]). Those containing few (≤ 5) quarks (including antiquarks) are called [[hadron]]s. Due to a property known as [[color confinement]], quarks are never found singly but always occur in hadrons containing multiple quarks. The hadrons are divided by number of quarks (including antiquarks) into the [[baryons]] containing an odd number of quarks (almost always 3), of which the [[proton]] and [[neutron]] (the two [[nucleons]]) are by far the best known; and the [[meson]]s containing an even number of quarks (almost always 2, one quark and one antiquark), of which the [[pion]]s and [[kaon]]s are the best known.

Except for the proton and neutron, all other hadrons are unstable and decay into other particles in microseconds or less. A proton is made of two [[up quark]]s and one [[down quark]], while the neutron is made of two down quarks and one up quark. These commonly bind together into an atomic nucleus, e.g. a helium-4 nucleus is composed of two protons and two neutrons. Most hadrons do not live long enough to bind into nucleus-like composites; those that do (other than the proton and neutron) form [[exotic nuclei]].

=== By statistics ===
{{main|Spin–statistics theorem}}
[[File:Bosons-Hadrons-Fermions-RGB.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|Overlap between [[boson]]s, [[hadron]]s, and [[fermion]]s]]
Any subatomic particle, like any particle in the [[three-dimensional space]] that obeys the [[Scientific law|laws]] of [[quantum mechanics]], can be either a boson (with integer [[Spin (physics)|spin]]) or a fermion (with odd half-integer spin).

In the Standard Model, all the elementary fermions have spin 1/2, and are divided into the quarks which carry [[color charge]] and therefore feel the strong interaction, and the [[leptons]] which do not. The elementary bosons comprise the gauge bosons (photon, W and Z, gluons) with spin 1, while the Higgs boson is the only elementary particle with spin zero.

The hypothetical graviton is required theoretically to have spin 2, but is not part of the Standard Model. Some extensions such as [[supersymmetry]] predict additional elementary particles with spin 3/2, but none have been discovered as of 2023.

Due to the laws for spin of composite particles, the baryons (3 quarks) have spin either 1/2 or 3/2 and are therefore fermions; the mesons (2 quarks) have integer spin of either 0 or 1 and are therefore bosons.

=== By mass ===
In [[special relativity]], the [[Mass–energy equivalence|energy of a particle at rest equals its mass times the speed of light squared]], {{nowrap begin}}''E'' = ''mc''2{{nowrap end}}. That is, [[mass]] can be expressed in terms of [[energy]] and vice versa. If a particle has a [[frame of reference]] in which it lies [[rest (physics)|at rest]], then it has a positive [[rest mass]] and is referred to as ''massive''.

All composite particles are massive. Baryons (meaning "heavy") tend to have greater mass than mesons (meaning "intermediate"), which in turn tend to be heavier than leptons (meaning "lightweight"), but the heaviest lepton (the [[tau particle]]) is heavier than the two lightest flavours of baryons ([[nucleon]]s). It is also certain that any particle with an [[electric charge]] is massive.

When originally defined in the 1950s, the terms baryons, mesons and leptons referred to masses; however, after the quark model became accepted in the 1970s, it was recognised that baryons are composites of three quarks, mesons are composites of one quark and one antiquark, while leptons are elementary and are defined as the elementary fermions with no color charge.

All [[massless particle]]s (particles whose [[invariant mass]] is zero) are elementary. These include the photon and gluon, although the latter cannot be isolated.

=== By decay ===
Most subatomic particles are not stable. All leptons, as well as baryons [[particle decay|decay]] by either the strong force or the weak force (except for the proton). Protons are not known to [[Proton decay|decay]], although whether they are "truly" stable is unknown, as some very important Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) actually require it. The μ and τ muons, as well as their antiparticles, decay by the weak force. Neutrinos (and antineutrinos) do not decay, but a related phenomenon of [[neutrino oscillation]]s is thought to exist even in vacuums. The electron and its antiparticle, the [[positron]], are theoretically stable due to [[charge conservation]] unless a lighter particle having [[absolute value|magnitude]] of electric charge {{abbr|≤|less than or equal}} [[elementary charge|''e'']] exists (which is unlikely). Its charge is not shown yet.

== Other properties ==
All observable subatomic particles have their electric charge an [[integer]] multiple of the [[elementary charge]]. The Standard Model's quarks have "non-integer" electric charges, namely, multiple of {{sfrac|1|3}} ''e'', but quarks (and other combinations with non-integer electric charge) cannot be isolated due to [[color confinement]]. For baryons, mesons, and their antiparticles the constituent quarks' charges sum up to an integer multiple of ''e''.

Through the work of [[Albert Einstein]], [[Satyendra Nath Bose]], [[Louis de Broglie]], and many others, current scientific theory holds that ''all'' particles also have a wave nature.<ref>
{{cite book
| first = Walter
| last = Greiner
| date = 2001
| title = Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7qCMUfwoQcAC&pg=PA29
| page = 29
| publisher = [[Springer (publisher)|Springer]]
| isbn = 978-3-540-67458-0
}}</ref> This has been verified not only for elementary particles but also for compound particles such as atoms and even molecules. In fact, according to traditional formulations of non-relativistic quantum mechanics, wave–particle duality applies to all objects, even macroscopic ones; although the wave properties of macroscopic objects cannot be detected due to their small wavelengths.<ref>
{{cite book
|author=Eisberg, R.
|author2=Resnick, R.
|name-list-style=amp
|date=1985
|title=Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and Particles
|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]
|edition=2nd
|pages=[https://archive.org/details/quantumphysicsof00eisb/page/59 59–60]
|isbn=978-0-471-87373-0
|quote=For both large and small wavelengths, both matter and radiation have both particle and wave aspects. [...] But the wave aspects of their motion become more difficult to observe as their wavelengths become shorter. [...] For ordinary macroscopic particles the mass is so large that the momentum is always sufficiently large to make the de Broglie wavelength small enough to be beyond the range of experimental detection, and classical mechanics reigns supreme.
|url=https://archive.org/details/quantumphysicsof00eisb/page/59
}}</ref>

Interactions between particles have been scrutinized for many centuries, and a few simple laws underpin how particles behave in collisions and interactions. The most fundamental of these are the laws of [[conservation of energy]] and [[conservation of momentum]], which let us make calculations of particle interactions on scales of magnitude that range from stars to quarks.<ref>{{cite book |last=Newton |first=Isaac |title=The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy |title-link=Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica |year=1687 |location=England |chapter=Axioms or Laws of Motion}}</ref> These are the prerequisite basics of [[Newtonian mechanics]], a series of statements and equations in ''[[Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica]]'', originally published in 1687.

== Dividing an atom ==
The negatively charged electron has a mass of about {{sfrac|1836}} of that of a [[hydrogen]] atom. The remainder of the hydrogen atom's mass comes from the positively charged [[proton]]. The [[atomic number]] of an element is the number of protons in its nucleus. Neutrons are neutral particles having a mass slightly greater than that of the proton. Different [[isotope]]s of the same element contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. The [[mass number]] of an isotope is the total number of [[nucleon]]s (neutrons and protons collectively).

[[Chemistry]] concerns itself with how electron sharing binds atoms into structures such as crystals and [[molecule]]s. The subatomic particles considered important in the understanding of chemistry are the [[electron]], the [[proton]], and the [[neutron]]. [[Nuclear physics]] deals with how protons and neutrons arrange themselves in nuclei. The study of subatomic particles, atoms and molecules, and their structure and interactions, requires [[quantum mechanics]]. Analyzing processes that change the numbers and types of particles requires [[quantum field theory]]. The study of subatomic particles ''per se'' is called [[particle physics]]. The term ''[[high-energy physics]]'' is nearly synonymous to "particle physics" since creation of particles requires high energies: it occurs only as a result of [[cosmic ray]]s, or in [[particle accelerator]]s. [[phenomenology (particle physics)|Particle phenomenology]] systematizes the knowledge about subatomic particles obtained from these experiments.<ref>{{cite book |last=Taiebyzadeh |first=Payam |title=String Theory: A Unified Theory and Inner Dimension Of Elementary Particles (Baz Dahm) |publisher=Shamloo Publications |year=2017 |isbn=978-6-00-116684-6 |location=Iran}}</ref>

== History ==
{{main|History of subatomic physics|Timeline of particle discoveries}}
The term "''subatomic'' particle" is largely a [[retronym]] of the 1960s, used to distinguish a large number of [[baryon]]s and [[meson]]s (which comprise [[hadron]]s) from particles that are now thought to be [[elementary particle|truly elementary]]. Before that hadrons were usually classified as "elementary" because their composition was unknown.{{Primary sources|section|date=March 2025}}

A list of important discoveries follows:
{| class="wikitable"
!Particle
!Composition
!Theorized
!Discovered
!Comments
|-
|[[electron]] {{subatomic particle|electron}}
|elementary ([[lepton]])
|[[G. Johnstone Stoney]] (1874)<ref>
{{cite journal
|last=Stoney |first=G. Johnstone
|date=1881 |title=LII. On the physical units of nature
|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14786448108627031
|journal=The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science
|language=en |volume=11 |issue=69 |pages=381–390 |doi=10.1080/14786448108627031 |issn=1941-5982
|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
|[[J. J. Thomson]] (1897)<ref name="referenceB">
{{cite journal |last=Thomson |first=J. J. |year=1897 |title=Cathode Rays |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vBZbAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA104 |journal=The Electrician |volume=39 |page=104}}</ref>
|Minimum unit of electrical charge, for which Stoney suggested the name in 1891.<ref>
{{cite journal
|last=Klemperer |first=Otto |author1-link=Otto Ernst Heinrich Klemperer
|date=1959
|title=Electron physics: The physics of the free electron
|journal=Physics Today |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=64–66
|bibcode=1960PhT....13R..64K |doi=10.1063/1.3057011
}}</ref> First subatomic particle to be identified.<ref>
{{cite magazine
|last=Alfred |first=Randy
|title=April 30, 1897: J.J. Thomson Announces the Electron ... Sort Of
|date=April 30, 2012
|magazine=Wired
|url=https://www.wired.com/2012/04/april-30-1897-j-j-thomson-announces-the-electron-sort-of/
|access-date=2022-08-22 |issn=1059-1028
}}</ref>
|-
|[[alpha particle]] {{subatomic particle|alpha}}
|composite (atomic nucleus)
|{{no|''never''}}
|[[Ernest Rutherford]] (1899)<ref name="Rutherford-1899">
{{cite journal
|last=Rutherford |first=E.
|date=1899
|title=VIII. Uranium radiation and the electrical conduction produced by it
|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14786449908621245
|journal=The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science
|language=en |volume=47 |issue=284 |pages=109–163
|doi=10.1080/14786449908621245 |issn=1941-5982
|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
|Proven by Rutherford and [[Thomas Royds]] in 1907 to be helium nuclei. Rutherford won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1908 for this discovery.<ref>
{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908
|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1908/rutherford/facts/
|access-date=2022-08-22
|website=NobelPrize.org
|language=en-US
}}</ref>
|-
|[[photon]] {{subatomic particle|photon}}
|elementary ([[quantum]])
|[[Max Planck]] (1900)<ref>
{{cite journal
|last=Klein |first=Martin J.
|date=1961
|title=Max Planck and the beginnings of the quantum theory
|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00327765
|journal=Archive for History of Exact Sciences
|language=en |volume=1 |issue=5 |pages=459–479
|doi=10.1007/BF00327765 |s2cid=121189755 |issn=0003-9519
|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
|[[Albert Einstein]] (1905)<ref>
{{cite journal |last=Einstein |first=Albert |date=1905 |title=Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt |journal=Annalen der Physik |language=de |volume=322 |issue=6 |pages=132–148 |bibcode=1905AnP...322..132E |doi=10.1002/andp.19053220607 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
|Necessary to solve the [[thermodynamics|thermodynamic]] problem of [[black-body radiation]].
|-
|[[proton]] {{subatomic particle|proton}}
|composite ([[baryon]])
|William Prout (1815)<ref name=lederman>{{cite book|last=Lederman|first=Leon|title=The God Particle|url=https://archive.org/details/godparticle00leon|url-access=registration|year=1993|publisher=Delta |isbn=978-0-385-31211-0 |author-link=Leon Lederman}}</ref>
|Ernest Rutherford (1919, named 1920)<ref>{{cite journal |last=Rutherford |first=Ernest |date=1920 |title=The Stability of Atoms |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1478-7814/33/1/337 |journal=Proceedings of the Physical Society of London |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=389–394 |bibcode=1920PPSL...33..389R |doi=10.1088/1478-7814/33/1/337 |issn=1478-7814}}</ref><ref name="protonDebate" />
|The nucleus of {{SimpleNuclide|hydrogen|1|link=yes}}.
|-
|[[neutron]] {{subatomic particle|neutron}}
|composite (baryon)
|Ernest Rutherford ({{circa}}1920<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rutherford |first1=Ernest |date=1920 |title=Bakerian Lecture: Nuclear constitution of atoms |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character |language=en |volume=97 |issue=686 |pages=374–400 |bibcode=1920RSPSA..97..374R |doi=10.1098/rspa.1920.0040 |issn=0950-1207 |doi-access=free}}</ref>)
|[[James Chadwick]] (1932) <ref>{{cite journal |date=1932 |title=The existence of a neutron |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character |language=en |volume=136 |issue=830 |pages=692–708 |doi=10.1098/rspa.1932.0112 |bibcode=1932RSPSA.136..692C |issn=0950-1207|last1=Chadwick |first1=J. |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|The second [[nucleon]].
|-
|[[antiparticle]]s
| 
|[[Paul Dirac]] (1928)<ref>{{cite journal |date=1928 |title=The quantum theory of the electron |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character |language=en |volume=117 |issue=778 |pages=610–624 |doi=10.1098/rspa.1928.0023 |bibcode=1928RSPSA.117..610D |issn=0950-1207|last1=Dirac |first1=P. A. M. |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|[[Carl D. Anderson]] ({{subatomic particle|positron|link=yes}}, 1932)
|Revised explanation uses [[CPT symmetry]].
|-
|[[pion]]s {{subatomic particle|pion}}
|composite ([[meson]]s)
|[[Hideki Yukawa]] (1935)
|[[César Lattes]], [[Giuseppe Occhialini]], [[Cecil Powell]] (1947)
|Explains the [[nuclear force]] between nucleons. The first meson (by modern definition) to be discovered.
|-
|[[muon]] {{subatomic particle|muon}}
|elementary (lepton)
|{{no|''never''}}
|Carl D. Anderson (1936)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anderson |first1=Carl D. |last2=Neddermeyer |first2=Seth H. |date=1936-08-15 |title=Cloud Chamber Observations of Cosmic Rays at 4300 Meters Elevation and Near Sea-Level |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.50.263 |journal=Physical Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=4 |pages=263–271 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.50.263 |bibcode=1936PhRv...50..263A |issn=0031-899X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
|Called a "meson" at first; but today classed as a [[lepton]].
|-
|[[tau (particle)|tau]] {{subatomic particle|tau}}
|elementary ([[lepton]])
|[[Antonio Zichichi]] (1960) <ref>
{{cite book
|last=Zichichi |first=A.
|title=History of Original Ideas and Basic Discoveries in Particle Physics
|publisher=Springer
|year=1996
|editor-last=Newman |editor-first=H.B.
|editor-last2=Ypsilantis |editor-first2=T.
|series=NATO ASI Series (Series B: Physics)
|volume=352
|location=Boston, MA
|pages=227–275
|chapter=Foundations of sequential heavy lepton searches
|chapter-url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/268975/files/laa-94-027.pdf}}</ref>
|[[Martin Lewis Perl]] (1975)
|-
|[[kaon]]s {{subatomic particle|kaon}}
|composite (mesons)
|{{no|''never''}}
|[[George Rochester|G. D. Rochester]], [[Clifford Charles Butler|C. C. Butler]] (1947)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rochester |first1=G. D. |last2=Butler |first2=C. C. |date=December 1947 |title=Evidence for the Existence of New Unstable Elementary Particles |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=160 |issue=4077 |pages=855–857 |bibcode=1947Natur.160..855R |doi=10.1038/160855a0 |issn=0028-0836 |pmid=18917296 |s2cid=33881752}}</ref>
|Discovered in [[cosmic ray]]s. The first [[strange particle]].
|-
|[[lambda baryon]]s {{subatomic particle|Lambda}}
|composite (baryons)
|{{no|''never''}}
|[[University of Melbourne]] ({{subatomic particle|Lambda0}}, 1950)<ref>Some sources such as {{cite web |url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/Particles/quark.html#c4 |title=The Strange Quark}} indicate 1947.</ref>
|The first [[hyperon]] discovered.
|-
|[[neutrino]] {{math|{{subatomic particle|neutrino}}}}
|elementary (lepton)
|[[Wolfgang Pauli]] (1930), named by [[Enrico Fermi]]
|[[Clyde Cowan]], [[Frederick Reines]] ({{subatomic particle|electron neutrino|link=yes}}, 1956)
|Solved the problem of energy [[spectrum]] of [[beta decay]].
|-
|[[quark]]s ({{subatomic particle|up quark}}, {{subatomic particle|down quark}}, {{subatomic particle|strange quark}})
|elementary
|[[Murray Gell-Mann]], [[George Zweig]] (1964)
| colspan=2 {{No}} particular confirmation event for the [[quark model]].
|-
|[[charm quark]] {{subatomic particle|charm quark}}
|elementary (quark)
|[[Sheldon Glashow]], [[John Iliopoulos]], [[Luciano Maiani]] (1970)
|[[Burton Richter|B. Richter]], [[Samuel C. C. Ting|S. C. C. Ting]] ({{SubatomicParticle|J/psi|link=yes}}, 1974)
|
|-
|[[bottom quark]] {{subatomic particle|bottom quark}}
|elementary (quark)
|[[Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)|Makoto Kobayashi]], [[Toshihide Maskawa]] (1973)
|[[Leon M. Lederman]] ({{SubatomicParticle|Upsilon|link=yes}}, 1977)
|
|-
|[[gluon]]s
|elementary (quantum)
|[[Harald Fritzsch]], [[Murray Gell-Mann]] (1972)<ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=Fritzsch |first1=Harald
|last2=Gell-Mann |first2=Murray
|title=Current algebra: Quarks and what else?
|journal=EConf
|date=1972 |volume=C720906V2 |pages=135–165
|arxiv=hep-ph/0208010
}}</ref>
|[[DESY]] (1979)
|
|-
|[[W and Z bosons|weak gauge bosons]] {{SubatomicParticle|W boson+-}}, {{SubatomicParticle|Z boson0}}
|elementary (quantum)
|[[Sheldon Glashow]], [[Steven Weinberg]], [[Abdus Salam]] (1968)<ref>
{{cite journal
|last=Glashow |first=Sheldon L.
|date=1961
|title=Partial-symmetries of weak interactions
|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0029558261904692
|journal=Nuclear Physics
|language=en
|volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=579–588
|doi=10.1016/0029-5582(61)90469-2|bibcode=1961NucPh..22..579G
|url-access=subscription
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite journal
|last=Weinberg |first=Steven
|date=1967
|title=A Model of Leptons
|journal=Physical Review Letters
|language=en
|volume=19 |issue=21 |pages=1264–1266
|bibcode=1967PhRvL..19.1264W
|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.19.1264 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>
{{cite book
|last=Salam |first=Abdus
|title=Selected Papers of Abdus Salam
|chapter=Weak and electromagnetic interactions
|series=World Scientific Series in 20th Century Physics
|date=1968
|url=https://inspirehep.net/literature/53083
|language=en
|volume=680519 |pages=367–377
|doi=10.1142/9789812795915_0034|isbn=978-981-02-1662-7
|url-access=subscription
}}</ref>
|[[CERN]] (1983)
|Properties verified through the 1990s.
|-
|[[top quark]] {{subatomic particle|top quark}}
|elementary (quark)
|[[Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)|Makoto Kobayashi]], [[Toshihide Maskawa]] (1973)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kobayashi |first1=Makoto |last2=Maskawa |first2=Toshihide |date=1973 |title=C P Violation in the Renormalizable Theory of Weak Interaction |url=https://academic.oup.com/ptp/article-lookup/doi/10.1143/PTP.49.652 |journal=Progress of Theoretical Physics |language=en |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=652–657 |bibcode=1973PThPh..49..652K |doi=10.1143/PTP.49.652 |issn=0033-068X |s2cid=14006603 |hdl-access=free |hdl=2433/66179}}</ref>
|[[Fermilab]] (1995)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Abachi |first1=S. |last2=Abbott |first2=B. |last3=Abolins |first3=M. |last4=Acharya |first4=B. S. |last5=Adam |first5=I. |last6=Adams |first6=D. L. |last7=Adams |first7=M. |last8=Ahn |first8=S. |last9=Aihara |first9=H. |last10=Alitti |first10=J. |last11=Álvarez |first11=G. |last12=Alves |first12=G. A. |last13=Amidi |first13=E. |last14=Amos |first14=N. |last15=Anderson |first15=E. W. |date=1995-04-03 |title=Observation of the Top Quark |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2632 |journal=Physical Review Letters |language=en |volume=74 |issue=14 |pages=2632–2637 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2632 |pmid=10057979 |arxiv=hep-ex/9503003 |bibcode=1995PhRvL..74.2632A |hdl=1969.1/181526 |s2cid=42826202 |issn=0031-9007}}</ref>
|Does not [[hadronization|hadronize]], but is necessary to complete the Standard Model.
|-
|[[Higgs boson]]
|elementary (quantum)
|[[Peter Higgs]] (1964)<ref>{{cite web |date=2014-02-12 |title=Letters from the Past – A PRL Retrospective |url=https://journals.aps.org/prl/50years/milestones |access-date=2022-08-22 |website=Physical Review Letters |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Higgs |first=Peter W. |date=1964-10-19 |title=Broken Symmetries and the Masses of Gauge Bosons |journal=Physical Review Letters |language=en |volume=13 |issue=16 |pages=508–509 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.508 |bibcode=1964PhRvL..13..508H |issn=0031-9007|doi-access=free }}</ref>
|CERN (2012)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aad |first1=G. |last2=Abajyan |first2=T. |last3=Abbott |first3=B. |last4=Abdallah |first4=J. |last5=Abdel Khalek |first5=S. |last6=Abdelalim |first6=A.A. |last7=Abdinov |first7=O. |last8=Aben |first8=R. |last9=Abi |first9=B. |last10=Abolins |first10=M. |last11=AbouZeid |first11=O.S. |last12=Abramowicz |first12=H. |last13=Abreu |first13=H. |last14=Acharya |first14=B.S. |last15=Adamczyk |first15=L. |date=2012 |title=Observation of a new particle in the search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S037026931200857X |journal=Physics Letters B |language=en |volume=716 |issue=1 |pages=1–29 |doi=10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.020|arxiv=1207.7214 |bibcode=2012PhLB..716....1A |s2cid=119169617 }}</ref>
|Only known spin zero elementary particle.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jakobs |first1=Karl |last2=Zanderighi |first2=Giulia |date=2024-02-05 |title=The profile of the Higgs boson: status and prospects |url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2023.0087 |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |language=en |volume=382 |issue=2266 |doi=10.1098/rsta.2023.0087 |pmid=38104616 |issn=1364-503X|arxiv=2311.10346 |bibcode=2024RSPTA.38230087J }}</ref>
|-
|[[tetraquark]]
|composite
| {{dunno}}
|[[Zc(3900)|Zc(3900)]], 2013, yet to be confirmed as a tetraquark
|A new class of hadrons.
|-
|[[pentaquark]]
|composite
| {{dunno}}
| colspan=2 |Yet another class of hadrons. {{As of|2019}} several are thought to exist.
|-
|[[graviton]]
|elementary (quantum)
|Albert Einstein (1916)
|
|Interpretation of a [[gravitational wave]] as particles is controversial.<ref>{{cite web |last=Moskowitz |first=Clara |date=March 31, 2014 |title=Multiverse Controversy Heats Up over Gravitational Waves |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/multiverse-controversy-inflation-gravitational-waves/ |access-date=2022-08-22 |website=[[Scientific American]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[magnetic monopole]]
|elementary (unclassified)
|Paul Dirac (1931)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dirac |first1=Paul A. M. |date=1931 |title=Quantised singularities in the electromagnetic field |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character |language=en |volume=133 |issue=821 |pages=60–72 |bibcode=1931RSPSA.133...60D |doi=10.1098/rspa.1931.0130 |issn=0950-1207|doi-access=free }}</ref>
|{{not yet|''hypothetical''}}<ref name=PDG-2024>{{cite journal |last1=Navas |first1=S. |last2=Amsler |first2=C. |last3=Gutsche |first3=T. |last4=Hanhart |first4=C. |last5=Hernández-Rey |first5=J. J. |last6=Lourenço |first6=C. |last7=Masoni |first7=A. |last8=Mikhasenko |first8=M. |last9=Mitchell |first9=R. E. |last10=Patrignani |first10=C. |last11=Schwanda |first11=C. |last12=Spanier |first12=S. |last13=Venanzoni |first13=G. |last14=Yuan |first14=C. Z. |last15=Agashe |first15=K. |date=2024-08-01 |title=Review of Particle Physics |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.030001 |journal=Physical Review D |language=en |volume=110 |issue=3 |article-number=030001 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.110.030001 |issn=2470-0010|hdl=20.500.11850/695340 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>{{rp|loc=25}}
|
|}

== See also ==
{{portal|Physics}}
{{clear}}
{{div col begin|colwidth=16em}}
* ''[[Atom: Journey Across the Subatomic Cosmos]]'' (book)
* ''[[Atom: An Odyssey from the Big Bang to Life on Earth...and Beyond]]'' (book)
* [[CPT invariance]]
* [[Dark matter]]
* [[Hot spot effect in subatomic physics]]
* [[List of fictional elements, materials, isotopes and atomic particles]]
* [[List of particles]]
* [[Poincaré symmetry]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="protonDebate">There was early debate on what to name the proton as seen in the follow commentary articles by [https://www.nature.com/articles/106502b0 Soddy 1920] and [https://www.nature.com/articles/106467a0 Lodge 1920].</ref>
}}

== Further reading ==
=== General readers ===
* {{cite book |author-link=Richard Feynman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QKrU9Ir0cSsC |title=Elementary particles and the laws of physics: the 1986 Dirac memorial lectures |author-link2=Steven Weinberg |date=2001 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-65862-1 |editor-last=Feynman |editor-first=Richard P. |edition=Repr |location=Cambridge |editor-last2=Weinberg |editor-first2=Steven}}
* {{cite book |last=Greene |first=Brian |author-link=Brian Greene |title=The elegant universe: superstrings, hidden dimensions, and the quest for the ultimate theory |title-link=The Elegant Universe |date=2003 |publisher=Norton |isbn=978-0-393-05858-1 |location=New York; London, England}}
* {{cite book |last=Oerter |first=Robert |title=The theory of almost everything: the Standard Model, the unsung triumph of modern physics |date=2006 |publisher=[[Pi Press]] |isbn=978-0-452-28786-0 |location=New York, New York}}
* {{cite book |last=Schumm |first=Bruce A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=htJbAf7xA_oC |title=Deep down things: the breathtaking beauty of particle physics |date=2004 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8018-7971-5 |location=Baltimore, Maryland}}
* {{cite book |last=Veltman |first=Martinus |author-link=Martinus Veltman |url=https://archive.org/details/factsmysteriesin0000velt |title=Facts and mysteries in elementary particle physics |date=2003 |publisher=[[World Scientific]] |isbn=978-981-238-148-4 |location=River Edge, New Jersey |url-access=registration}}

=== Textbooks ===
* {{cite book |last1=Coughlan |first1=Guy D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R0eNPyk0ENAC |title=The ideas of particle physics: an introduction for scientists |last2=Dodd |first2=J. E. |last3=Gripaios |first3=Ben M. |date=2006 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-67775-2 |edition=3rd |location=Cambridge}} An undergraduate text for those not majoring in physics.
* {{cite book |last=Griffiths |first=David J. |author-link=David J. Griffiths |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wb9DYrjcoKAC |title=Introduction to elementary particles |date=2007 |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]] |isbn=978-0-471-60386-3 |location=Weinheim}}
* {{cite book |last=Kane |first=Gordon L. |author-link=Gordon L. Kane |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=54PuDQAAQBAJ |title=Modern elementary particle physics |date=2017 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-16508-3 |edition=2nd |location=Cambridge, England, United Kingdom; New York, New York, USA}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Subatomic particles}}
* [http://pdg.lbl.gov/ University of California: Particle Data Group.]

{{Particles}}

[[Category:Subatomic particles]]
[[Category:Quantum mechanics]]

Chandigarh Capital Region

2026-03-13T10:21:44Z

IolaBrookshire:

{{Short description|Area in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chandigarh Capital Region
| other_name = CCR
| type = [[Metropolitan Area]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 300
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/2/1
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Palace of Assembly Chandigarh 2006.jpg
| caption1 = [[Chandigarh]], the core of the CCR
| image2 = UTrade Solutions Office .jpg
| caption2 = [[Mohali]]
| image3 = New Chandigarh Skyline.jpg
| caption3 = [[New Chandigarh]]
| image4 = Zirakpur.jpg
| caption4 = [[Zirakpur]]
| image5 = Yagya Shala, within the Mansa Devi temple complex, Panchkula near Chandigarh.jpg
| caption5 = [[Panchkula]]
}}
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| image_map1 =
| map_caption1 =
| coordinates = {{coord|30.7198|76.7798|display=inline,tittle}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|States]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Seal_of_the_Government_Of_Punjab_(Black_On_White).svg}} [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Haryana.svg}} [[Haryana]] {{flagicon image|Government of Himachal Pradesh logo.svg}} [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Union territory]]
| subdivision_name2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Chandigarh.svg}} [[Chandigarh]]
| established_title = Created
| established_date = 1984
| seat_type = Major cities
| seat = [[Chandigarh]], [[Mohali]], [[Panchkula]], [[New Chandigarh]], [[Mullanpur Garibdass]], [[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]], [[Zirakpur]], [[Pinjore]], [[Kalka]]
| leader_title = Body
| leader_name = [[Chandigarh Administration]] , [[Greater Mohali Area Development Authority]] and [[Haryana Urban Development Authority]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| area_footnotes =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 1611450
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type2 = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes =
| demographics2_title1 = Metro
| demographics2_info1 = [[USD|US$]] 18 billion
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| website =
| official_name = Chandigarh Metropolitan Region
| native_name_lang = ISO 15919
}}

[[File:Chandigarh Tricity.svg|thumb|right|350px|A map of [[Chandigarh]], [[Mohali]], [[Panchkula]] and [[Zirakpur]] together.]]
'''Chandigarh Capital Region (CCR)''' or '''Chandigarh Metropolitan Region (CMR)''' is an area, which includes the [[union territory]] city of [[Chandigarh]], and its neighboring cities of [[Mohali]], [[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]], [[Zirakpur]], [[New Chandigarh]] (in Punjab) and [[Panchkula]], [[Pinjore]], [[Kalka]], [[Barwala, Panchkula|Barwala]] (in Haryana). Chandigarh Administration, [[Greater Mohali Area Development Authority]] (GMADA) and [[Haryana Urban Development Authority]] (HUDA) are different authorities responsible for development of this region.<ref>{{cite web | title=Beware! Change in city's status will ruin its uniqueness | website=The Tribune| date=2018-07-23 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/beware-change-in-city-s-status-will-ruin-its-uniqueness/625073.html | access-date=2019-01-03}}</ref> [[Baddi]], an industrial town in nearby Himachal Pradesh, is also adjacent.

The economy of the region is interdependent as the area is continuously inhabited, though falling under different states. There is a lot of movement of people and goods daily to and from suburbs, like most of the people working in [[Chandigarh]] live in a suburb like [[Zirakpur]]. The local industry is on the outskirts like Derabassi, Lalru and Baddi. The vast majority of skilled workers in the [[private sector]] come from neighboring states like Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, and Haryana.

==History==
The Indian [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] asked the Chandigarh Administration in October 2011 to "coordinate with the Punjab and Haryana governments for working out the modalities" of a Regional Planning Board (RPB) for the Chandigarh Capital Region (CCR). The intention was to harmonize and improve facilities across the region and coordinate local administrations. Responsibilities of the RPB would include disaster management, health planning, [[biomedical waste]] and traffic management.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Decks-cleared-for-Chandigarh-Capital-Region/articleshow/10243375.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007161453/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-05/chandigarh/30246676_1_ut-officials-ut-administration-mha|url-status=live|archive-date=2011-10-07|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Decks cleared for Chandigarh Capital Region}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chandigarh Capital Region gets nod|url=http://dailypostindia.com/news/10327-chandigarh-capital-region-gets-nod.html|website=[[Daily Post India]]|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130408011934/http://dailypostindia.com/news/10327-chandigarh-capital-region-gets-nod.html|archivedate=8 April 2013|location=Chandigarh|date=24 January 2012}}</ref>

The 'Master Plan 2031' submitted to the UT administrator in January 2013 included a proposal for a "inter-state regional plan for the Chandigarh Capital Region".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Chandigarh-Capital-Region-included-in-Master-Plan-31/articleshow/17880801.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411041441/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-04/chandigarh/36148395_1_inter-state-regional-plan-master-plan-2031-periphery|url-status=live|archive-date=2013-04-11|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Chandigarh Capital Region included in Master Plan '31}}</ref> However the final plan confined itself to the UT boundary, and did not mention the proposed "Chandigarh Capital Region".<ref>{{cite web|title=Chandigarh Master Plan 2031, Preamble |url=http://chandigarh.gov.in/cmp2031/preamble.pdf|publisher=Chandigarh Administration|page=9}}</ref> Instead, the plan expected responsibilities for the region to be coordinated between Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh UT, and that the Chandigarh plan "with the GMADA Plan 2056 and the Haryana Development Plan should together arrive at a metropolitan plan".<ref>{{cite web|title=Chandigarh Master Plan 2031, Regional Context|url=http://chandigarh.gov.in/cmp2031/regional.pdf|publisher=Chandigarh Administration|page=23}}</ref>

==Definition==
The cities, towns and areas that would be part of the Chandigarh Capital region are:

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|-
! width=5%| Rank
! style="width:15%;"| City
! style="width:25%;"| Union territory / State
|-
| 1
| [[Chandigarh]]
| [[Chandigarh]]
|-
| 2
| [[Mohali]]
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|-
| 3
| [[Panchkula]]
| [[Haryana]]
|-
| 4
| [[Kharar, SAS Nagar|Kharar]]
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|-
| 5
|[[Zirakpur]]
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|}

Mohali District (Punjab) and Panchkula District ( Haryana ) are part of the CCR.Derabassi, Lalru, Banur and Kurali in Mohali district & Barwala and Raipur Rani in the Panchkula district can be considered another town in Chandigarh Capital Region

== Industry ==
{{unsourced section|date=August 2023}}
[[Chandigarh IT Park]] is a technology park located within Chandigarh, with presence of companies like [[Airtel]], [[Tech Mahindra]] and [[Infosys]].Mohali IT City is the infrastructure to facilitate information technology in the city. It spreads over {{cvt|690|ha}} developed by GMADA situated near Chandigarh International Airport. [[Infosys]] is given {{cvt|20|ha}} of land to develop state of art campus. [[Quark (company)|Quark]] has {{cvt|16|ha}} campus in Mohali for Quark software Inc. and other IT Companies like Emerson and Infosys.[[Swaraj Tractors]] has Three Assembly Plants , one Engine Plant and one Foundry shop in Mohali District.[[CLAAS]], German MNC has its Plant near Morinda in Mohali District.[[SML ISUZU]] has truck Plant near Ropar.[[Verka (brand)|Verka]] and [[Sun Pharma]] also have Plants in Mohali.[[Dera Bassi - Lalru]] is another belt with mostly medium industry, this place has many spinning mills including the Nahar group. [[Bhushan Steel]] also has a presence here.[[Panchkula IT Park]] is the state of art infrastructure to facilitate information technology in the city. It spreads over {{cvt|30|ha}} developed by HSIIDC situated in sector 22. [[Bharat Electronics]] has a factory in Panchkula.[[HMT Limited|Hindustan Machine Tools]] has a tractor factory in Pinjore, while [[Associated Cement Companies]] has a cement factory in Pinjore.This region is the zonal headquarters for a large number of banks, their offices are mainly in the "Bank Square" in sector 17 Chandigarh. This area also houses the regional office (usually covering Punjab, Northern Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir) for a lot of FMCG companies.

== Demographics ==

{{Historical population
| 1961 | 219,881
| 1971 | 357,251
| 1981 | 605,610
| 1991 | 8,16,409
| 2001 | 12,30,337
| 2011 | 16,11,348
| 2024 | 19,55,141}}

{{As of|2011}} India census, Chandigarh capital region had a population of 1,611,450.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref> Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. The sex ratio is 818 females for every 1,000 males.<ref name=Cities1Lakhandabove>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=26 March 2012}}</ref> The child-sex ratio is 880 females per thousand males. Chandigarh has an effective literacy rate of 86.77% (based on population 7 years and above), higher than the national average; with male literacy of 90.81% and female literacy of 81.88%.<ref name=Cities1Lakhandabove /> 10.8% of the population is under 6 years of age.<ref name=Cities1Lakhandabove /> The population of Chandigarh formed 0.12 per cent of India in 2011.<ref name="chandigarh.official">{{cite web|title=Statistical Abstract of Chandigarh|url=http://chandigarh.gov.in/stat18/Abstract2018/stat18-T2.pdf|website=Official Website of Chandigarh|access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref>

==Healthcare infrastructure==

The prominent hospitals in the region are


* [[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar State Institute of Medical Sciences]], Sector 56, Mohali
* [[Fortis Hospital]], Sector 62, Mohali
* [[Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research]] [[PGIMER]], Sector 12, Chandigarh

== Educational institutes ==

=== Schools ===


* [[Carmel Convent School]]
* [[Government Model Senior Secondary School, Sector-16, Chandigarh]]
* [[St. John's High School, Chandigarh]]

=== Colleges and universities ===



* Chandigarh
** [[Central Scientific Instruments Organisation]] (CSIO)
** [[Chandigarh College of Architecture]] (CCA)
** [[Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh]] (GMCH)
** [[Institute of Microbial Technology]] (IMTECH)
** [[National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology]] (NIEIT) Chandigarh campus
** [[Panjab University]], government university
** [[Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research]] (PGIMER)
** [[Punjab Engineering College]] (PEC)
** [[Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory]] (|TBRL-DRDO Chandigarh)

* Mohali
** [[Army Institute of Law]]
** [[C-DAC]] Mohali campus
** [[Chandigarh University]], private university
** [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali]] (IISER Mohali)
** [[Indian School of Business]] (ISB) Mohali campus
** [[Institute of Nano Science and Technology]] (INST)
** [[National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research]] (NIPER)
** [[Northern India Institute of Fashion Technology]] (NIIFT Mohali)

* New Chandigarh
** [[Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, New Chandigarh|Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital & Research Centre]] (Tata Memorial Center) New Chandigarh campur

* Panchkula
** [[AIIMS]] [[AYUSH]] Panchkula campus
** [[National Institute of Fashion Technology]] (NIFT) Panchkula campus

* Ropar
** [[IIT Ropar|Indian Institute of Technology Ropar]] (IIT, Ropar Indian)
** [[National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology]] (NIEIT) Ropar campus

== Sports ==


*[[Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium]], [[Mohali]]
*[[Maharaja Yadavindra Singh International Cricket Stadium]], [[New Chandigarh]]
*[[Mohali International Hockey Stadium]] [[Mohali]]
*[[Chandigarh Hockey Stadium]] [[ Sec42 Chandigarh]]
*[[Tau Devi Lal Cricket Stadium]], Sector 3 [[Panchkula]]

==Transport==

* Air transport
** [[Mohali International Airport|Shaheed Bhagat Singh International Airport]], near Aerocity in Mohali, has both domestic and international flights.

* Rail transport - long-distance trains:
** [[Chandigarh Junction railway station|Chandigarh Railway Station]]
** [[Chandi Mandir railway station]], in Punchkula city
** [[SAS Nagar Mohali railway station|Mohali Railway Station]]

* Road transport: There are following Inter-State Bus Terminals (ISBT) for the long distance buses:
** [[ISBT, SEC-17, Chandigarh]]
** [[ISBT, SEC-43, Chandigarh]]
** [[ISBT, SEC-57, Mohali]]
** [[ISBT, SEC-5, Panchkula]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://chandigarh.gov.in/cmp_2031.htm Chandigarh Master Plan 2031]

{{State and Union Territory capitals of India}}
{{coord|30.6476695|76.4539836|display=title|format=dms}}

[[Category:Chandigarh]]

Who (film)

2026-03-12T21:26:01Z

IolaBrookshire: quick refined article for accuracy and improved wording

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Who
| image = Who_(film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical Release Poster.
| native_name = 
| director = [[Ajay Devaloka]]
| producer = Vishakha Bokil
| screenplay = [[Ajay Devaloka]]
| story = [[Ajay Devaloka]]
| based_on = 
| starring = {{ubl|[[Shine Tom Chacko]]|[[Shruthy Menon]]||[https://keralakaumudi.com/news/news.php?id{{=}}6739&u{{=}}marin-maria-deubt-film-who-6739 Merin Mariya]|[[Pearle Maaney]]|[[Rajeev Pillai]]}}
| narrator =
| music = Catharsis and Manikandan Ayyapa
| cinematography = Amith Surendran
| editing = [[Ajay Devaloka]]
| studio = Corridor 6 Films
| distributor = Corridor 6 Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2018|10|26}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam English
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Who''''' is a 2018 Indian English and [[Malayalam]]-language [[science fiction]] [[Mystery film|mystery]] film, written and directed by [[Ajay Devaloka]] as his directorial debut.<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/shruthy-menon-in-a-movie-on-dream-interpretation/articleshow/60005926.cms|title=Shruthy Menon next: Shruthy Menon in a movie on 'dream interpretation' | Malayalam Movie News|website=The Times of India|date=11 August 2017 |accessdate=8 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="DC1">{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/180917/who-gets-perfect-start.html |title=Who gets perfect start |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=18 September 2017 |access-date=2017-09-30 }}</ref> The film features [[Shine Tom Chacko]], [[Shruthy Menon]], [[Pearle Maaney]], [[Rajeev Pillai]] and Prashanth Nair (IAS) .<ref name="DC1"/> The film was produced by Vishakha Bokil and co-produced by MF Anto under the banner of Corridor 6 Films. The teaser was released on YouTube in September.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqyPj2Dhhnw|title=Who Movie | Official Teaser Trailer | Shine Tom Chacko | Ajay Devaloka | Pearle Maaney | HD|date=14 September 2017 |via=YouTube}}</ref>''Who'' is the first time travel movie from Kerala. The movie had its official world premiere at the 71st [[Cannes film festival]]'s market section on 15 May 2018. Who had a nationwide release in India in Malayalam language with English subtitles obtaining rave reviews from the critics.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Who' Malayalam movie review: Ajay Devaloka and Pearle Maaney introduce new cinematic language|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/who-malayalam-movie-review-ajay-devaloka-pearle-maaney-introduce-new-cinematic-language-784016|access-date=2018-10-23|website=[[IB Times]]|language=en}}</ref> 'WHO' is now streaming on [[Amazon Prime]] worldwide.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/who-by-ajay-devaloka-selected-for-cannes-fest/articleshow/63355030.cms|title=Who by Ajay Devaloka selected for Cannes Fest – Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=19 March 2018 }}</ref>

==Synopsis==
A beautiful yet mysterious valley spread across 200 km. In Mercada, strange things happen every year on Christmas Day. A young girl, a dream interpreter, a criminal psychologist and a team of two police officers try to solve the puzzles in the valley.

The film deals with dream interpretation with an emphasis on [[magic realism]]. [[Time travel]] is another significant aspect of the movie which serves as a sequel to the yet to be released movie, ''Isabella''.<ref name="deccanchronicle"/> Set for a niche audience, the film is an Indie movie.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2018/apr/09/im-targeting-only-a-niche-audience-5447.html|title='I'm targeting only a niche audience'|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=9 April 2018 }}</ref> Hollywood vocalist Uyanga Bold has sung a song for WHO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/260318/uyangas-voice-comes-to-kerala.html|title=Uyanga's voice comes to Kerala|date=26 March 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Shine Tom Chacko]] as John Luka
* [[Shruthy Menon]] as Arunima Avarthan
* [[Pearle Maaney]] as Dolores
* [[Rajeev Pillai]] as Hector
* Prashanth Nair IAS as Dr. Samuel
* Angana Roy as Neena
* Sajin Saleem as Veetus Benty<ref name="DC1"/><ref name="deccanchronicle">{{cite web|url=http://epaper.deccanchronicle.com/articledetailpage.aspx?id=8896732|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908120913/http://epaper.deccanchronicle.com/articledetailpage.aspx?id=8896732|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 September 2017|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|title=Deccan Chronicle ePaper|access-date=8 September 2017}}</ref>
*Merin Mariya as Ayana Bennet
}}

== Production ==
===Filming===
''Who'' began shooting June 2017 in [[Nainital]], [[Uttarakhand]], and took 20 days.<ref name="indiatimes"/> Principal photography for the '''''Who''''' began in 2017 May at [[Munnar]]. Crew planned two months break from filming as [[Shine Tom Chacko]] had prior commitments. On 23 July [[Ajay Devaloka]] started the filming in Naintal with Natural lighting. Devaloka was adamant that he wanted virgin geography which no cinema viewer had ever seen. So they were lucky and got the apt place in [[Uttarakhand]].
The film depends mostly on mist, so it was challenging to keep the continuity as well. Locations of many scenes were in remote places far away from each other, which made the crew uneasy. Ultimately the second schedule wrapped up after 23 days shoot<ref>{{Cite news |title=Five reasons to watch Pearle Maaney's sci-fi thriller 'Who'|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/five-reasons-watch-pearle-maaneys-sci-fi-thriller-who-783900|access-date=2018-10-25|website=[[IB Times]]|language=en}}</ref> for [[Pearle Maaney]] to reduce her weight. The movie was completed in 3 schedules.

The film was officially announced as ''Isabella'' and the title launch was done by director [[Mohan (director)|Mohan]], who interestingly had a film ''[[Isabella (1988 film)|Isabella]]'' as director in 1988.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Madhu |first1=Vignesh |title=Isabella Malayalam movie ready to start rolling |url=http://onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/isabella-malayalam-movie-ready-start-rolling/ |accessdate=31 July 2020 |publisher=Onlookers Media |date=17 December 2016}}</ref>

==Release==
The movie had its official world premiere at the 71st [[Cannes film festival]]'s market section on 15 May 2018. The film had its theatrical release on 10 October 2018 in India.

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
Nirmal Narayanan of [[IB Times]] wrote WHO is not everyone's cup of tea. But if you are the one who likes to enjoy films like 'Triangle' and 'Inception', book the tickets for this [[Ajay Devaloka]] directorial without any second thoughts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nirmal |first=Narayanan|date=26 October 2018 |title='Who' Malayalam movie review: Ajay Devaloka and Pearle Maaney introduce new cinematic language|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/who-malayalam-movie-review-ajay-devaloka-pearle-maaney-introduce-new-cinematic-language-784016|website=[[IB Times]]|language=en}}</ref>

== Music ==
''Who'' is a [[Dolby Atmos]] motion picture. The [[Sound design]] is done by Vishakha Bokil and National award winner [[Sinoy Joseph]] is the mixing engineer in the film. The film was fully shot in Sync-Sound. [[Úyanga Bold]] who served as a vocalist for [[Hans Zimmer]] in the score of [[The Dark Knight]] lent her vocals for a song in the film.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|7282370}}
* {{Facebook|WhoCinema|Who Movie}}

[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:2018 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction films]]
[[Category:English-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:2018 multilingual films]]
[[Category:2018 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2018 science fiction films]]

Suresh Meitei Nongmeikapam

2026-03-09T21:08:12Z

IolaBrookshire: Created basic post w/ sources

{{short description|Indian footballer (born 1994)}}
{{Western name order|Nongmeikapam Suresh Meitei}}
{{Meitei name|Nongmeikapam|Suresh|Meitei}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Suresh Meitei
| image =
| full_name = Suresh Meitei Nongmeikapam
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|3|30|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Manipur]], India
| height =
| position = [[Centre-back]]
| currentclub = [[Punjab FC|Punjab]]
| clubnumber = 74
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 =
| youthyears2 =
| youthclubs2 =
| years1 = 2019–2023
| clubs1 = [[Army Red (football team)|Army Red]]
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 = 2019–2022
| clubs2 = [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
| caps2 = 36
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2022–
| clubs3 = [[Punjab FC|Punjab]]
| caps3 = 35
| goals3 = 0
| club-update = 19:55, 17 December 2024 (UTC)
}}

'''Suresh Meitei Nongmeikapam''' ({{langx|mni|Nongmeikapam Suresh Meitei}}, born 30 March 1994) is an Indian professional [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[centre-back]] for [[Indian Super League]] club [[Punjab FC|Punjab]].

== Early life ==
Suresh was born on 30 March 1994 in Indian state of [[Manipur]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nongmeikapam Suresh Meitei Player Profile|url=https://www.soccerstats247.com/players/nongmeikapam-suresh-meitei-645238/|access-date=1 January 2021|website=www.soccerstats247.com}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Army Red ===
Suresh had featured for [[Army Red (football team)|Army Red]] in the [[2019 Durand Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nongmeikapam Suresh Meitei Player Profile|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/128474?type=club|access-date=1 January 2021|website=All India Football Federation}}</ref> He served as the captain of the club.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 August 2019|title=Durand Cup 2019, As it happened: Army Red, Indian Navy hold Bengaluru FC, ATK to draws|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/durand-cup-2019-bengaluru-fc-vs-army-red-bikash-thapa-naushad-moosa-ajay-chhetri-roshan-singh-indian-football/article28821628.ece|access-date=1 January 2021|website=SPORTSTAR}}</ref> Suresh played his first match against [[I-League]] side [[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]] on 3 August 2019. The match ended 2–0 in favour of [[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 August 2019|title=QUESS EAST BENGAL PREVAILS OVER ARMY RED IN SEASON OPENER|url=https://durandcup.in/matches/east-bengal-fc-vs-army-red/|access-date=1 January 2021|website=Durand Cup Official Website}}</ref> Suresh played his second match against the reserve team of [[Indian Super League]] side [[Bengaluru FC]] on 5 August 2019. The match finished with the scoreline 1–1 draw.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 August 2020|title=BENGALURU FC-ARMY RED MATCH ENDS IN A DRAW.|url=https://durandcup.in/matches/auto-draft/|access-date=1 January 2021|website=Durand Cup Official Website}}</ref> Suresh played his third match for the team against the reserve team of [[Indian Super League]] side [[Jamshedpur FC]] on 9 August 2019. Suresh scored a brace in the match. The game ended 2-2 after final whistle.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 August 2020|title=JAMSHEDPUR FC-ARMY RED MATCH ENDS IN A DRAW|url=https://durandcup.in/matches/army-red-vs-jamshedpur-fc/|access-date=1 January 2021|website=Durand Cup Official Website}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=9 August 2020|title=Jamshedpur vs Army Red {{!}} Durand Cup 2019|url=https://www.sofascore.com/jamshedpur-army-red/hnRbspihc|access-date=1 January 2021|website=www.sofascore.com}}</ref> Suresh played three matches for [[Army Red (football team)|Army Red]] and scored 2 goals for the team.

=== Churchill Brothers===

==== 2019-20 ====
Suresh signed for [[I-League]] side [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] on 2019. He featured for the club in [[2019–20 I-League|2019-20 I-League season]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 April 2014|title=Churchill Brothers SC Squad {{!}} I-League 2019-20|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/teams/te21374/|access-date=1 January 2020|website=www.worldfootball.net}}</ref> Suresh played his debut match on 26 January 2020 against [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala F.C.]] The match ended 1–0 in favour of [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2020|title=Gokulam vs Churchill Brothers {{!}} I-League|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/01/26/india/i-league/gokulam/churchill-brothers-sc/3183641/|access-date=1 January 2021|website=Soccerway}}</ref> Suresh again started in the next match against [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA FC]] on 2 February 2020. The match ended 4–1 with [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] taking the victory.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 February 2020|title=Churchill Brothers v NEROCA Starting XIs {{!}} I-League|url=https://www.goal.com/en-qa/match/churchill-brothers-v-neroca/lineups/6jjttirdtxdvlku62mww0ookq|access-date=1 January 2021|website=www.goal.com}}</ref> He played his third match against [[Chennai City FC]] on 9 February 2020. The match ended with scoreline 1–2 with [[Chennai City FC|Chennai City]] taking the victory.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 February 2020|title=Churchill Brothers v Chennai City Starting XIs {{!}} I-League|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/churchill-brothers-v-chennai-city/lineups/6k1t1xhigwdt2t20arb0uef6y|access-date=1 January 2021|website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Suresh played his last match of the season against Kolkata giants [[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]] on 29 February 2019 where he started as a substitute for [[Glan Martins]] in the 66th minute of the game. Suresh was booked in the stoppage time.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Suresh Metei - Player Stats, Bookings and more|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe662802/suresh-meitei/|access-date=1 January 2020|website=www.worldfootball.net}}</ref> The match ended in a 1–1 draw.<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 February 2020|title=East Bengal v Churchill Brothers Starting XIs {{!}} I-League|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/east-bengal-v-churchill-brothers/lineups/c5oxthzxf28skutnxa6igh016|access-date=1 January 2021|website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Suresh appeared in 4 matches in total for [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] at the end of the season.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

==== 2020-21 ====
Suresh stayed at [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] for the [[2020–21 I-League|2020-21 I-League season]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=22 April 2014|title=Churchill Brothers » Squad 2020/2021|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/teams/te21374/|access-date=11 January 2021|website=www.worldfootball.net}}</ref> Suresh started in the lineup in the clubs' first match of the season against [[Indian Arrows]] on 10 January 2021, which they ended up winning 2-5.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=10 January 2021|title=Indian Arrows vs Churchill Brothers {{!}} Match Details|url=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=7966|access-date=11 January 2021|website=I-League Official Website}}</ref>

== Career statistics ==
=== Club ===
{{updated|17 December 2024}}<ref>{{soccerway|nongmeikapam-suresh-meitei/645238}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup
!colspan="2"|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Army Red (football team)|Army Red]]
|[[2019 Durand Cup|2019]]
|–
|0||0||3{{efn|name=DurandCup|Appearance(s) in [[Durand Cup]]}}||2|| colspan="2" |–||3||2
|-
|[[2021 Durand Cup|2021]]
|–
|0||0||3{{efn|name=DurandCup}}||1|| colspan="2" |–||3||1
|-
|[[2022 Durand Cup|2022]]
|–
|0||0||4{{efn|name=DurandCup}}||1|| colspan="2" |–||4||1
|-
|[[2023 Durand Cup|2023]]
|–
|0||0||4{{efn|name=DurandCup}}||1|| colspan="2" |–||4||1
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!0!!0!!14!!5!!0!!0!!14!!5
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
|{{Nowrap|[[2019–20 I-League|2019–20]]}}
|[[I-League]]
|4||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |–||4||0
|-
|[[2020–21 I-League|2020–21]]
|I-League
|15||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |–||15||0
|-
|[[2021–22 I-League|2021–22]]
|I-League
|17||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |–||17||0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!36!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!36!!0
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Punjab FC|Punjab]]
|[[2022–23 RoundGlass Punjab F.C. season|2022–23]]
|I-League
|10||0||3{{efn|name=SuperCup|Appearance(s) in [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]}}||0|| colspan="2" |–||13||0
|-
|[[2023–24 Indian Super League|2023–24]]
|[[Indian Super League]]
|14||0||2{{efn|name=SuperCup}}||0|| colspan="2" |–||16||0
|-
|[[2024–25 Indian Super League|2024–25]]
|Indian Super League
|11||0||4{{efn|name=DurandCup}}||0|| colspan="2" |–||15||0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!35!!0!!9!!0!!0!!0!!44!!0
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!71!!0!!23!!5!!0!!0!!94!!5
|}
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Soccerway|645238}}
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/128474?type=club Suresh Meitei] at All India Football Federation
* [https://www.flashscore.info/player/meitei-suresh/MFTk20Pc/ Suresh Meitei] at Flashscore

{{Punjab FC squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nongmeikapam, Suresh Meitei}}
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Manipur]]
[[Category:Churchill Brothers FC players]]
[[Category:Men's association football central defenders]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Punjab FC players]]

2021 Garo Hills Autonomous District Council election

2026-03-07T14:12:28Z

IolaBrookshire: revise

{{Short description|Indian election in Meghalaya}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2021 Garo Hills Autonomous District Council election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| turnout = 69.42% {{increase}}
| previous_election = 2015 Garo Hills Autonomous District Council election
| previous_year = 2015
| next_election = 2026
| next_year = 2026
| election_date = 12 April 2021
| seats_for_election =29 out of 30 seats in the [[Garo Hills Autonomous District Council]]
| majority_seats = 16
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Hand INC.svg||bSize=140|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=16|oTop=0}}
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| seats1 = 12
| last_election1 = 7
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 5
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 =
| swing1 =

| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Indian Election Symbol Book.svg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oTop=2|oLeft=10}}
| party2 = National People's Party (India)
| seats2 = 11
| last_election2 = 10
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 1
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| swing2 =

| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Lotus flower symbol.svg|bSize=120|cWidth=120|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=0}}
| party3 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| seats3 = 2
| last_election3 = 1
| seat_change3 = {{increase}} 1
| popular_vote3 =
| percentage3 =
| swing3 =

| image4 = <div style="width:100px;"> '''GNC'''</div>
| party4 = Garo National Council
| seats4 = 1
| last_election4 = 3
| seat_change4 = {{decrease}} 2
| popular_vote4 =
| percentage4 =
| swing4 =

| image5 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Indian Election Symbol Clock.png|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
| party5 = Nationalist Congress Party
| seats5 = 0
| last_election5 = 1
| seat_change5 = {{decrease}} 1
| popular_vote5 =
| percentage5 =
| swing5 =

| image6 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Indian Election Symbol Drums.png|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=3}}
| party6 = United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)
| seats6 = 0
| last_election6 = 0
| seat_change6 = {{steady}}
| popular_vote6 =
| percentage6 =
| swing6 =

| title = Chief Executive Member
| posttitle = Chief Executive Member
| before_election = Dipul Marak
| before_party = National People's Party (India)
| after_election = Benedict Marak
| after_party = National People's Party (India)
}}

Elections to the '''[[Garo Hills Autonomous District Council]] (GHADC)''' were held on 12 April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Garo Hills Council polls deferred to April 12 in view of Assam assembly elections|url=https://www.insidene.com/garo-hills-council-polls-deferred-to-april-12-in-view-of-assam-assembly-elections/|website=www.insidene.com|access-date=14 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://meghalaya.gov.in/sites/default/files/press_release/PR_76_21.pdf|title=PRESS RELEASE|date=9 March 2021}}</ref>

There were 743,000 eligible voters in the elections. The votes were counted on 15 April 2021.

==Schedule==
{| class="wikitable sortable" font-size:95%;"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
! scope="col" | Election Event
! scope="col" | Date
! scope="col" | Time
! scope="col" | Day
|----
| Last date for filing nomination || 15 March 2021 || Before 3:00 pm || Monday
|-
| Scrutiny of nomination || 15 March 2021 || After 3:00 pm || Monday
|-
| Last date of withdrawal of candidature || 19 March 2021 || || Friday
|-
| Date of polling || 12 April 2021 || || Monday
|-
| Date of counting || 15 April 2021 || || Thursday
|}

==Party candidates==

{|class="wikitable"
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="1" style="background-color:{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}|NPP<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2021/02/24/npp-releases-first-list-of-16-candidates-for-ghadc-polls/|title=NPP Releases first list of 16 Candidates for GHADC polls|website=theshillongtimes.com|date=24 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/meghalaya-news/npp-announces-final-list-of-candidates-for-garo-hills-polls-526696|title=NPP Announces Final List of Candidates for Garo Hills Polls|website=sentinelassam.com|date=2 March 2021}}</ref>
!colspan="1" style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|INC<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2021/02/10/congress-approves-first-list-of-17-candidates-for-ghadc-polls/|title=Congress approves first list of 17 candidates for GHADC polls|date=10 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenortheasttoday.com/states/meghalaya/meghalaya-congress-releases-second-list-of-candidates-for/cid2515878.htm |title=Meghalaya Congress releases second list of candidates for GHADC polls|date=17 February 2021}}</ref>
!colspan="1" style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|BJP<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/porbotialora/status/1380081525148897281 |title=Twitter|access-date=14 April 2021}}</ref>
!colspan="1" style="background-color:{{party color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}|UDP<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.meghalayatimes.in/udp-releases-candidates-for-ghadc-polls/|title=UDP releases candidates for GHADC polls|date=15 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2021/03/06/udp-announces-second-list-of-contestants/|title=UDP announces second list of contestants|date=6 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://highlandpost.com/ghadc-polls-udp-announces-third-list-of-candidates/|title=GHADC polls: UDP announces third list of candidates|date=9 March 2021}}</ref>
!colspan="1" style="background-color:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}|NCP<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2021/02/18/ncp-approves-list-of-first-five-candidates/|title=NCP approves list of first five candidates|date=18 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
|1
|Siju
|Albinush R Marak
|Kenadik S Marak
|Jon Gunchong D Shira
|Salseng R Marak
|
|-
|2
|Wagesik
|Bartholomeo D. Shira
|Freedarson N Sangma
|
|Diana N Marak
|
|-
|3
|Silkigre
|Sengbath R Marak
|Willy D Shira
|Wolden Sangma
|Bishal Arengh
|
|-
|4
|Rongrikimgre
|Wenison Ch Marak
|Dipur Sangma
|Heringstone Marak
|Jadush M Sangma
|Predith Ch Sangma
|-
|5
|Gasuapara
|Sengchim N Sangma
|Olendro R Marak
|Lahin Marak
|Devier M Sangma
|
|-
|6
|Barengapara
|Nasser R. Marak
|Sarbha R Marak
|Pramod Koch
|Deepak Sangma
|
|-
|7
|Babelapara
|Rakesh A. Sangma
|James Sangma
|Righteous N Sangma
|
|Saleng A Sangma
|-
|8
|Amongpara
|Panseng R. Marak
|Nehru D Sangma
|
|
|Dalseng Bira Ch Momin
|-
|9
|Tura
|Semford B Sangma
|Kunal Ch Momin
|Bernard Marak
|
|
|-
|10
|Dengnakpara
|Sanjip T Sangma
|Sadhiya Rani M Sangma
|Daniel M Sangma
|Kredithson Ch Marak
|
|-
|11
|Boldamgre
|Thebalsongh Arengh
|Stevie M Marak
|Huberth N Arengh
|Hellwithson A Sangma
|
|-
|12
|Nogorpara
|Linekar K Sangma
|Kansan Sangma
|Boston Marak
|Mijon Marak
|
|-
|13
|Zikzak
|Premananda Koch
|Jagdish Ch Hazong
|Bhupender Hazong
|
|
|-
|14
|Betasing
|Premish Sangma
|Sanjay Koch
|Babul Ch Hajong
|
|
|-
|15
|Rochonpara
|Dipul R. Marak
|Malcolm M Sangma
|Jeberth Sangma
|
|
|-
|16
|Asanang
|Anseng A. Sangma
|Adamkid M Sangma
|
|Ajit a Marak
|
|-
|17
|Balachanda
|Enamul Haque
|Agassi R Marak
|Cyril S Sangma
|Cary Marak
|
|-
|18
|Batabari
|Roynath D. Sangma
|Ashahel D. Shira
|
|Henston M Marak
|
|-
|19
|Shyamnagar
|Tarif Ibrahim Sarkar
|Habibuz Zaman
|Md. Fozibur Rahman
|
|Jellin S. Sangma
|-
|20
|Raksamgre
|Benedic R Marak
|Joyson R. Marak
|
|
|
|-
|21
|Naguapara
|Dhormonath Ch Sangma
|Mrinal R Marak
|Ranjit Rabha
|
|
|-
|22
|Jengjal
|Grahambell A Sangma
|Levastone T Sangma
|
|
|
|-
|23
|Rongrong
|Sukharam K Sangma
|Rinaldo K Sangma
|Mamik M Sangma
|
|
|-
|24
|Bolsong
|Crozier G. Momin
|Manseng Momin
|Domosh M Sangma
|Rakman Ch Marak
|Nexton Marak
|-
|25
|Damas
|Dolly K Sangma
|Pardinand D Shira
|Lakhita D Shira
|Elbarth Marak
|Zeercostar Momin
|-
|26
|Kharkutta
|Edbirth D. Shira
|Cherak Watre Momin
|
|Samarson M Marak
|
|-
|27
|Samandagre
|Brilliant R Sangma
|Lahitson M Sangma
|Lopsing Marak
|
|
|-
|28
|Darugre
|Henen R Sangma
|Rapiush Ch Sangma
|
|Arman Gare Momin
|
|-
|29
|Williamnagar
|Denang T Sangma
|Alphonsush R Marak
|Greatwill Sangma
|Arun N Marak
|
|-
|
|'''Total'''
|29
|29
|21
|17
|6
|-
|}

==Results==
The counting was held on 15 April. No party could get a clear majority. The INC emerged single largest party by winning 12 seats.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/meghalaya/2021/04/15/live-ghadc-elections-results-follow-latest-results-here/|title=LIVE GHADC elections results: Follow latest results here|date=15 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hubnetwork.in/congress-wins-12-npp-11/|title=GHADC polls: Congress wins 12, NPP 11|date=15 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/meghalaya/ghadc-elections-results-live-neck-to-neck-contest-between-congress-and-npp-in-meghalaya.html|title=GHADC elections results LIVE: Neck-to-neck contest between Congress and NPP in Meghalaya|date=15 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://meghalaya.gov.in/sites/default/files/circulars/Notification_DCA_142.pdf|title=DECLARATION OF RESULTS|date=15 April 2021|access-date=17 April 2021}}</ref>

===By Party===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%;"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |Party
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| Popular vote
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center"|Seats
|-
! width="70" style="text-align:center" | Vote
! width="45" style="text-align:center" | %
! Contested
! Won
! +/-
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]] (INC)
|
|
|29
|12
|{{increase}} 5
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}" |
|[[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]] (NPP)
|
|
|29
|11
|{{increase}} 1
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|
|
|21
|2
|{{increase}} 1
|-
|style="background-color:#FF0000"|
|[[Garo National Council]] (GNC)
|
|
|5
|1
|{{decrease}} 2
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}" |
|[[United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)|United Democratic Party]] (UDP)
|
|
|17
|0
|{{steady}}
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP)
|
|
|6
|0
|{{decrease}} 1
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]] (IND)
|
|
|78
|3
|{{decrease}} 4
|-
|colspan="2"|None of the above (NOTA)
|
|
|colspan="3"|'''N/A'''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
|
|
|'''182'''
|'''29'''
|'''N/A'''
|}

===By Constituency===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Constituency
!Winner
! colspan="2" |Party
!Margin
|-
|1
|Siju
|Albinus R Marak
|bgcolor=#DB7093|
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
|
|-
|2
|Wagesik
| Natual R Marak
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD|
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|
|-
|3
| Silkigre
| Sengbath R Marak
|bgcolor=#DB7093|
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
|
|-
|4
| Rongrikimgre
| Nikman Ch Marak
| bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Garo National Council|GNC]]
|
|-
|5
| Gasuapara
| Sengchim N Sangma
|bgcolor=#DB7093|
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
|
|-
|6
| Barengapara
| Pramod Koch
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|
|-
|7
| Babelapara
| Rakesh A Sangma
|bgcolor=#DB7093|
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
|
|-
|8
| Amongpara
| Nehru D Sangma
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|
|-
|9
|Tura
|Bernard N Marak
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|
|-
|10
| Dengnakpara
|Sadhia Rani
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|
|-
|11
|Boldamgre
|Stevie M Marak
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|
|-
|12
| Nogorpara
|Linekar K Sangma
|bgcolor=#DB7093|
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
|
|-
|13
| Zikzak
|Aktar Ali
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD|
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|
|-
|14
|Betasing
|Sanjay Koch
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|
|-
|15
| Rochonpara
|Arbin Marak
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD|
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|
|-
|16
| Asanang
| Anseng Sangma
|bgcolor=#DB7093|
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
|
|-
|17
|Balachanda
| Agassi R Marak
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|
|-
|18
|Batabari
| Ashahel D Shira
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|
|-
|19
|Shyamnagar
| Habibuz Zaman
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|
|-
|20
|Raksamgre
|Benedick R Marak
|bgcolor=#DB7093|
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
|
|-
|21
| Naguapara
| Dhormonath Ch Sangma
|bgcolor=#DB7093|
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
|
|-
|22
|Jengjal
| Grahambell A Sangma
|bgcolor=#DB7093|
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
|
|-
|23
| Rongrong
|Rinaldo K Sangma
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|
|-
|24
| Bolsong
| Crozier G. Momin
|bgcolor=#DB7093|
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
|
|-
|25
| Damas
| Ferdinand Shira
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|
|-
|26
| Kharkutta
| Cherak W Momin
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|
|-
|27
| Samandagre
| Lahitson M Sangma
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|
|-
|28
| Darugre
| Henen R Sangma
|bgcolor=#DB7093|
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
|
|-
|29
| Williamnagar
| Alphonsush R Marak
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|
|-
|}

==Executive council formation==
The new council was formed by the NPP, with the support of three independents, two BJP and the lone GNC councillor. Benedick R Marak took oath as the CEM, whereas Nikman Ch Marak became the Deputy CEM.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/meghalaya/2021/04/17/conrad-sangmas-npp-to-form-new-ghadc-executive-committee/|title=Conrad Sangma’s NPP to form new GHADC executive committee|date=17 April 2021|access-date=18 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/npp-stakes-claim-to-form-new-ec-of-ghadc/east/news/2373632.html|title=NPP stakes claim to form next EC of GHADC|date=17 April 2021|access-date=18 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2021/04/22/npp-mdc-benedic-r-marak-wins-cem-position-in-ghadc/|title=NPP MDC Benedic R Marak wins CEM position in GHADC|website=theshillongtimes.com|date=22 April 2021|access-date=22 April 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Meghalaya elections}}

[[Category:2021 elections in India]]
[[Category:Garo Hills Autonomous District Council election]]

Anand (1986 film)

2026-03-05T18:34:25Z

IolaBrookshire: small changes

{{Short description|1986 film by Singeetam Srinivasa Rao}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Anand
| image = Anand (1986 film) poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]]
| screenplay = Singeetham Srinivasa Rao [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]]
| story = Singeetham Srinivasa Rao
| producer = [[Parvathamma Rajkumar]]
| starring = [[Shiva Rajkumar]] [[Sudha Rani]]
| music = [[Shankar–Ganesh]]
| cinematography = [[B. C. Gowrishankar]]
| editing = P. Bhaktavatsalam
| studio = Dakshayini Combines
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1986|6|19}}
| runtime = 144 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = Kannada
}}

'''''Anand''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಆನಂದ್.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a 1986 Indian [[Kannada]]-language film written and directed by [[Singeetham Srinivasa Rao]]. It stars [[Shiva Rajkumar]] and [[Sudha Rani]] with both making their debuts. The film went on to be a huge success running for 38 weeks.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 July 2020 |title=Birthday special: 5 movies that prove Shivarajkumar is an actor par excellence |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/birthday-special-5-movies-that-prove-shivarajkumar-is-an-actor-par-excellence-860150.html |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref>

This was Shiva Rajkumar's first of the three consecutive hits at the box-office on debut which gave him the title Hat-trick Hero. He said, "I can never forget ''Anand'', my first film which made me an actor. Singeetam was just explaining the scene to us and was telling this is what the work I expect from you people. He was bringing out such better performance from all of us".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-20 |title=Shiva Rajkumar's Debut Film Anand Completes 37 Years Of Its Release |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/shiva-rajkumars-debut-film-anand-completes-37-years-of-its-release-8125183.html |website=[[News18]] |language=en |access-date=30 March 2024 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330085542/https://www.news18.com/movies/shiva-rajkumars-debut-film-anand-completes-37-years-of-its-release-8125183.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Shiva Rajkumar]] as Anand
* [[Sudha Rani]] as Mala
* [[Rajesh (Kannada actor)|Rajesh]] as Raja Chandrashekhar
* [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] as Asha
* [[Shubha (actress)|Shubha]] as Kumuda
* [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]] as Anand's mother
* [[Thoogudeepa Srinivas]] as ''Prajakoogu'' editor Narahari
* [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]] as Kumar
* [[Chi. Guru Dutt]] as Srikanth
* Kumari Nayana
* [[Balaraj]]
* [[Honnavalli Krishna]]
* Chi. Ravishankar
* G. R. Bheemarao
* Pranaya Murthy
* [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] in an uncredited role
}}

==Production==
The song "Tuvvi Tuvvi" showcased landmarks of Bangalore such as [[Sri Chamarajendra Udyanavana#Avenues|Central Library]], [[Sri Chamarajendra Udyanavana|Cubbon Park]] and the [[Bangalore University|Bangalore University Campus]]".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shruti Indira Lakshminarayana |url=https://cdn.kstdc.co/uploads/2020/01/Filmi_Hi_RES_compressed.pdf |title=Filmi Escapes in Karnataka |publisher=Lonely Planet |page=10 |chapter=Best of Karnataka |access-date=22 June 2024 |archive-date=18 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318102230/https://cdn.kstdc.co/uploads/2020/01/Filmi_Hi_RES_compressed.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>https://newsable.asianetnews.com/editorial/when-star-shivarajkumar-played-the-dupe-and-nailed-the-shot</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music is composed by the duo [[Shankar–Ganesh]] with lyrics by [[Chi. Udaya Shankar|Chi. Udayashankar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ww.raaga.com/channels/kannada/moviedetail.asp?mid=k0000293|title=Anand Kannada movie songs|work=Raaga|access-date=5 November 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131211156/http://ww.raaga.com/channels/kannada/moviedetail.asp?mid=k0000293|archive-date=31 January 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!Song!!Singer(s)
|-
|"Neela Megha"||[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|"Tuvvi Tuvvi"||S.P. Balasubramanyam
|-
|"Tick Tick"||S.P. Balasubramanyam
|-
|"Mogavu Chenna"||S.P. Balasubramanyam, S. Janaki
|-
|"Thimma Thimma "||[[Vani Jayaram]], Ramesh
|}

==Release==
''Anand'' alongside ''[[Ratha Sapthami (film)|Ratha Sapthami]]'' (1986) and ''[[Manamecchida Hudugi]]'' (1987) became commercially successful, earning Shivarajkumar the nickname "Hat-trick Hero", coined by the media and his fans.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 July 2014 |title=Why Shivarajkumar got the title Hat-trick hero? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/did-you-know/why-shivarajkumar-got-the-title-hat-trick-hero/articleshow/37946040.cms |access-date=11 September 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Awards==
*[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress]] - [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]]
*[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Screenplay]] - [[Singeetham Srinivasa Rao]], [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]]
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada]] - [[Shiva Rajkumar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|1427833}}

{{Singeetam Srinivasa Rao}}

[[Category:1986 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1986 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Shankar–Ganesh]]
[[Category:Films directed by Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]]

Bobby (1973 film)

2026-03-03T23:39:28Z

IolaBrookshire: minor edit

{{Short description|1973 film directed by Raj Kapoor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bobby
| image = Bobby film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Raj Kapoor]]
| producer = Raj Kapoor
| writer = [[Jainendra Jain (screenwriter)|Jainendra Jain]] (dialogue)
| screenplay = [[Khwaja Ahmad Abbas]] V. P. Sathe
| story = Khwaja Ahmad Abbas
| starring = [[Rishi Kapoor]] [[Dimple Kapadia]] [[Prem Nath]] [[Pran (actor)|Pran]]
| music = [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
| cinematography = [[Radhu Karmakar]]
| editing = Raj Kapoor
| studio = [[R.K. Films]]
| distributor = R.K. Films
| released = {{Film date|1973|09|28|df=yes}}
| runtime = 169 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = 
| gross = {{Estimation}} ₹31 crore<ref name="hindustantimes" />
}}

'''''Bobby''''' is a 1973 Indian Hindi-language [[musical romance film]], produced and directed by [[Raj Kapoor]], and written by [[Khwaja Ahmad Abbas]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Banerjee |first1=Shampa |last2=Srivastava |first2=Anil |title=One Hundred Indian Feature Films: An Annotated Filmography |date=1988 |publisher=Taylor & on Francis |isbn=978-0-8240-9483-6 |page=53 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zX4GY37rG8kC&pg=PA53 |language=en |access-date=2 May 2022 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901092035/https://books.google.com/books?id=zX4GY37rG8kC&pg=PA53 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film stars Raj Kapoor's son, [[Rishi Kapoor]], in his first leading role, opposite [[Dimple Kapadia]] in her debut role.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/fashion/story/fashion-friday-crop-tops-to-two-piece-bikini-16-year-old-dimple-kapadia-was-a-style-icon-in-bobby-1685872-2020-06-05|title=Fashion Friday: Crop tops to two-piece bikini, 16-year-old Dimple Kapadia was a style icon in Bobby |date=5 June 2020 }}</ref> The film became a blockbuster securing the position of highest grossing Indian film of 1973,<ref name="boi73">{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=179&catName=MTk3Mw==/1973.htm |title=Box Office 1973 |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |access-date=2011-06-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721044326/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=179&catName=MTk3Mw%3D%3D%2F1973.htm |archive-date=21 July 2011 |df=dmy }}</ref> the second highest grossing film of the 1970s at the Indian box office,<ref name="boi70s">{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=124&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5 |title=Top Earners 1970–1979 |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |access-date=2011-06-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014062240/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=124&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5 |archive-date=14 October 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref> and one of the top 20 highest-grossing Indian films of all time (when adjusted for inflation).<ref name="gold3" /> It also became an overseas blockbuster in the [[Soviet Union]], where it drew an audience of 62.6 million viewers,<ref name="soviet" /> making it one of the top 20 biggest box office hits of all time in the Soviet Union.<ref name="soviet-foreign" /><ref name="soviet-domestic" />

Thematically and stylistically inspired by the [[Archie Comics|''Archie'' comics]] [[Raj Kapoor]] was fond of,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kapoor |first1=Rishi |title=Khullam Khulla: Rishi Kapoor Uncensored |last2=Iyer |first2=Meena |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |year=2017 |pages=18 |quote=A voracious reader of Archie comics all his life, he came up with the idea of a teenage love story about a very young boy, just out of school and ready for college.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2024 |title='Raj Kapoor tailored my look for Bobby,' Dimple Kapadia recalls how she went through the 'painful' process of getting into the look |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/raj-kapoor-tailored-my-look-for-bobby-dimple-kapadia-painful-process-9647024/lite/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |quote=The iconic looks of Bobby were inspired by characters from Archie comics.}}</ref> the film became a trend-setter. It was wildly popular and widely imitated. It introduced to Bollywood the genre of teenage romance with a rich-versus-poor clash as a backdrop. Numerous films in the following years and decades were inspired by this plot. ''Indiatimes Movies'' ranks ''Bobby'' amongst the 'Top 30 Must See Bollywood Films'.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Kanwar, Rachna |title=25 Must See Bollywood Movies |date=3 October 2005 |url=http://movies.indiatimes.com/Special_Features/25_Must_See_Bollywood_Movies/articleshow/msid-1250837,curpg-11.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015033800/http://movies.indiatimes.com/Special_Features/25_Must_See_Bollywood_Movies/articleshow/msid-1250837%2Ccurpg-11.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 October 2007 |publisher=Indiatimes movies |access-date=2010-11-08 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The film was remade in [[Persian language|Persian]] as ''Parvaz dar Ghafas'' in 1980. ''Bobby'' was Dimple Kapadia's first and only film of the 70s era. As she left the film industry following her early marriage, before returning back to proper movies in the mid-80s till the present date.

== Plot ==
The story is about the love between two [[Mumbai|Bombay]] teenagers of different classes and religions—Raja 'Raj' Nath ([[Rishi Kapoor]]), the son of a rich [[Hindu]] businessman Ram Nath ([[Pran (actor)|Pran]]), and Bobby Braganza ([[Dimple Kapadia]]), the daughter of a poor [[Goans|Goan]] [[Christian]] fisherman Jack Braganza ([[Prem Nath]]).

Raj returns from his boarding school and upon his return, his parents throw a party to celebrate his birthday. Raj's former governess Mrs. Braganza ([[Durga Khote]]) comes by with her granddaughter Bobby to give him a present, but Raj's mother Sushma Nath ([[Sonia Sahni]]) ignores Mrs. Braganza, which leads her to leave the party with Bobby in a rush.

Raj opens his gifts the next day and finds Mrs. Braganza's gift, so he decides to meet her in person. Reaching there, Bobby opens the door for him, and it is [[love at first sight]] for him. During that visit, he mixes his book with Bobby's, so he goes to meet her at the library to exchange the books, and from there starts their friendship. Raj and Bobby decide to go to see a movie, but find out it is a full house. Then Raj gets an idea to go to a party. At the party, Bobby sees Raj talking to Sushma's dance partner Nima ([[Aruna Irani]]) privately and thinks he is in love with her, so she breaks off her relationship before running off to Kashmir. However, Raj comes by to Kashmir and clears up the misunderstanding, prompting Bobby to resume her relationship with him. Despite Jack and Mrs. Braganza being very supportive of Raj and Bobby's relationship due to Raj's friendly nature, Raj learns that the matter is not taken kindly by Ram, who abhors the idea of his son falling in love with the daughter of a poor fisherman. Upon Raj's insistence, Ram invites Jack over to initiate talks of Raj and Bobby's relationship. But instead, a feud ignites when Ram insults Jack and accuses him of using Bobby's beauty and charm to trap Raj for his money; he even offered Jack a bribe of cash to stop Bobby from seeing Raj. Jack gets offended by this accusation and retaliates by insulting Ram before leaving in a huff with Bobby, forbidding her to hang out with Raj again. To ensure Bobby's distance from Raj, Jack sends her and Mrs. Braganza to live in [[Goa]].

Raj gets angry at Ram for driving Bobby away; this was further intensified when he learns that Ram intends to have him marry a mentally-challenged wealthy girl named Alka 'Nikki' Sharma ([[Farida Jalal]]) to establish business ties with her rich father Mr. Sharma ([[Pinchoo Kapoor]]) without even consulting Raj; Sushma and Nima are not supportive of the idea as well. On the advice from Nima (who sympathizes with Raj on the issue), Raj cuts off all ties to his father and drives off to Goa to reunite with Bobby, who runs away with him. As Sushma blames Ram for driving Raj away, the latter advertises a reward of Rs. 25,000 for anyone who can help find Raj. Upon spotting Raj and Bobby while seeing the reward on a local newspaper, a local greedy goon named Prem Chopra ([[Prem Chopra]]) decides that he wants the money so he and his goons kidnap Raj and Bobby. When the teens try to escape, Prem starts beating up Raj while having his goons to restrain Bobby. Eventually, Jack comes to the rescue by attacking Prem, who orders his goons to beat up Jack in retaliation. However, this was witnessed by an arriving Ram and the police, who furiously beat up and arrest Prem and his goons while Raj and Bobby escape. Deciding that they don't want their fathers to interfere in their relationship anymore, Raj and Bobby attempted to commit suicide by jumping over a waterfall after chewing out Ram for antagonizing Jack and starting the feud in the first place. However, a horrified Ram and Jack dive in and rescue both teens from being drowned.

Having realized the folly of the feud that almost drove both teens to death, a remorseful Ram and Jack agreed to end the feud by giving their blessings to Raj and Bobby's relationship, promising never to interfere with it again. With their relationships reconciled, the teens and their fathers happily head back home to their families.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Rishi Kapoor]] as Raj 'Raja' Nath
* [[Dimple Kapadia]] as Bobby Braganza
* [[Prem Nath]] as Jack Braganza
* [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] as Ram Nath
* [[Prem Chopra]] as Prem Chopra
* [[Sonia Sahni]] as Sushma Nath
* [[Durga Khote]] as Mrs. Braganza
* [[Aruna Irani]] as Nima
* [[Farida Jalal]] as Alka 'Nikki' Sharma
* [[Pinchoo Kapoor]] as Mr. Sharma
* [[Jagdish Raj]] as Police Inspector
* Raj Rani as Mrs. Sharma
* Shashi Kiran as Shyam, Raj's college-mate
* Piloo J. Wadia as Mrs. Pestonji
}}

== Production ==
[[Raj Kapoor]] launched his second son Rishi Kapoor in this film and wanted a new heroine as his romantic lead in this young love story. [[Dimple Kapadia]] and [[Neetu Singh]] were auditioned for the role of Bobby Braganza, and Dimple was selected.

In an interview in 2012, Rishi Kapoor stated, "There was a misconception that the film was made to launch me as an actor. The film was made to pay the debts of ''[[Mera Naam Joker]]''. Dad wanted to make a love story but he did not have money to cast a superstar like [[Rajesh Khanna]] in the film".<ref name="dnaindia.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_proud-of-ranbir-s-choice-of-roles-rishi-kapoor_1741229|title=Proud of Ranbir's choice of roles: Rishi Kapoor – Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|work=DNA India |date=15 September 2012|access-date=14 June 2017|archive-date=26 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026122909/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_proud-of-ranbir-s-choice-of-roles-rishi-kapoor_1741229|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
Some scenes were shot in [[Gulmarg]]. One scene was shot in a hut in Gulmarg, which became famous as the 'Bobby Hut'.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-ek-kamre-mein-band-in-kashmir-262823 |title=Shah Rukh Khan ek kamre mein band in Kashmir |access-date=28 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404062106/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-ek-kamre-mein-band-in-kashmir-262823 |archive-date=4 April 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A few scenes towards the end of the movie were shot on Pune-Solapur highway near [[Loni Kalbhor]] where Raj Kapoor owned a farm.

== Soundtrack ==
The film's music was composed by the [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal|Laxmikant-Pyarelal]] duo. The lyrics were written by [[Anand Bakshi]], [[Rajkavi Inderjeet Singh Tulsi]], and [[Vithalbhai Patel (lyricist)|Vithalbhai Patel]].

Vocals for Kapoor were performed by [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]].

{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer(s)
!Lyrics!! Notes
|-
|Main Shayar To Nahin
|[[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]]
|Anand Bakshi
|Picturized on Rishi Kapoor. The song was reused and picturised on him in the 2004 film ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]''.
|-
|Ankhiyon Ko Rahne De
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|Anand Bakshi
|Based on the song "Ankhiyan nu rehen de" by [[Reshma (Pakistani singer)|Reshma]]{{citation needed|reason=Your explanation here|date=February 2015}}
|-
|Beshak Mandir Masjid
|[[Narendra Chanchal]]
|[[Rajkavi Inderjeet Singh Tulsi]]
|
|-
|{{anchor | HumTumEkKamreMein}}[[Hum Tum Ek Kamre Mein Band Ho]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]] & [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]]
|[[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Anand Bakshi]]
| Shot at Kapoor family's bungalow in Rajbaugh, now a [[Raj Kapoor#Memorial|memorial to Raj Kapoor]] inside the [[MIT World Peace University#Memorial|MIT World Peace University]] (MIT WPU) on the banks of [[Mula-Mutha River]] in [[Loni Kalbhor]] village 30 km east of [[Pune]] in Maharashtra.<ref name="cameo11">{{Google maps | url= https://www.google.com/maps/place/Raj+Kapoor+Memorial/@18.4928318,74.0237278,15z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x9b44212117e483ef?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwit2t70xL7qAhU4IbcAHYhdD_8Q_BIwDHoECBAQCA | title= Google map location of Smadhi of Raj Kapoor and Prithviraj Kapoor at Rajbaugh at the camputof MIT-WPU | access-date= 8 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="cameo12">[https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/with-rk-studios-up-for-sale-in-mumbai-here-is-how-pune-still-hangs-on-to-raj-kapoor-s-memories/story-gBe0GlN81RyUGmIgQ59AlJ.html With RK Studios up for sale in Mumbai, here is how Pune still hangs on to Raj Kapoor’s memories] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712094701/https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/with-rk-studios-up-for-sale-in-mumbai-here-is-how-pune-still-hangs-on-to-raj-kapoor-s-memories/story-gBe0GlN81RyUGmIgQ59AlJ.html |date=12 July 2020 }}, Hindustan Times, Sep 02, 2018.</ref><ref name="cameo13">[http://www.mitsft.in/Raj_Kapoor_Memorial Raj Kapoor Memorial] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705112012/http://www.mitsft.in/Raj_Kapoor_Memorial |date=5 July 2020 }}, mitsft.in.</ref><ref name="cameo10">Madhu Jain, 2009, [https://books.google.com/books?id=l3heZ8I-k9AC&q=%22prithviraj+kapoor%22+and+%22surinder+kapoor%22 Kapoors: The First Family of Indian Cinema] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315064058/https://books.google.com/books?id=l3heZ8I-k9AC&q=%22prithviraj+kapoor%22+and+%22surinder+kapoor%22 |date=15 March 2023 }}, [[Penguin Books]].</ref><ref name="cameo14">[http://www.mitsft.in/Raj_Kapoor_Memorial Raj Kapoor Memorial brief] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705112012/http://www.mitsft.in/Raj_Kapoor_Memorial |date=5 July 2020 }}, mitsft.in.</ref>
|-
|Jhoot Bole Kauva Kate
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]] & [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]]
|Vithalbhai Patel
|Picturized on Rishi Kapoor and Dimple Kapadia in a village dance setting
|-
|Mujhe Kuchh Kahna Hai
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]] &[[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]]
|Anand Bakshi
|
|-
|Ae Ae Ae Phansa
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|Anand Bakshi
|Picturized on [[Aruna Irani]]
|-
|Na Mangun Sona Chandi
|[[Manna Dey]], [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]] & Chorus
|Vithalbhai Patel
|
|}

== Box office ==
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:45%; text-align:center;"
|+ Worldwide gross ({{estimation}})
|-
! Territory
! Gross revenue
! [[Inflation-adjusted]] gross revenue (2016)
! Footfalls
|-
| [[List of highest-grossing films in India|Domestic (India)]]
| {{INR|11 [[crore]]|link=yes}}<ref name="boi73" /> ({{US$|14.21 million|link=yes}}){{#tag:ref|7.742 [[Indian rupee]]s per [[US dollar]] in 1973<ref>[http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca/etc/USDpages.pdf#page=3 PACIFIC Exchange Rate Service] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512095429/http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca/etc/USDpages.pdf#page=3 |date=12 May 2015 }} sauder.ubc.ca</ref>|group=n}}
| [[Bollywood 100 Crore Club|{{INRConvert|{{Inflation|IN|398|2011}}|c}}]]{{#tag:ref|{{INR}}398 crore in 2011<ref name="gold70s" /><ref name="gold3" />}}
| {{#expr:110/(1.84*0.71+2.59*0.29) round 1}}{{nbsp}}million<ref name="mittal">{{cite book |last1=Mittal |first1=Ashok |title=Cinema Industry in India: Pricing and Taxation |date=1995 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=9788173870231 |pages=71 & 77 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RJVodLc6NgoC&pg=PA77 |access-date=24 June 2019 |archive-date=18 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118133358/https://books.google.com/books?id=RJVodLc6NgoC&pg=PA77 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[List of highest-grossing Indian films in overseas markets|Overseas]] ([[List of Soviet films of the year by ticket sales|Soviet Union]])
| 15.65{{nbsp}}million [[Soviet rouble|Rbls]]{{#tag:ref|62.6 million tickets sold,<ref name="soviet" /> average ticket price of 25 [[kopeck]]s<ref>[https://is.muni.cz/el/1421/podzim2015/FAV291/um/Roth-Ey-Moscow_Prime_Time.pdf#page=7 ''Moscow Prime Time: How the Soviet Union Built the Media Empire that Lost the Cultural Cold War'', page 48] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510014311/https://is.muni.cz/el/1421/podzim2015/FAV291/um/Roth-Ey-Moscow_Prime_Time.pdf#page=7 |date=10 May 2018 }}, [[Cornell University Press]], 2011</ref>|group=n}} {{ndash}} US$21.44{{nbsp}}million{{#tag:ref|0.73 [[Soviet rouble|Rbl]] per US dollar in 1975<ref>Archive of Bank of Russia http://cbr.ru/currency_base/OldDataFiles/USD.xls {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717030948/http://cbr.ru/currency_base/OldDataFiles/USD.xls |date=17 July 2017 }}</ref>|group=n|name=RubleUSD}} ({{INR}}19.24{{nbsp}}crore){{#tag:ref|8.973 Indian rupees per US dollar in 1975<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=15268|title=Reserve Bank of India – Publications|access-date=18 June 2017|archive-date=2 September 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140902173109/http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=15268|url-status=live}}</ref>|group=n}}
| US${{Inflation|US|21.44|1975}}{{nbsp}}million ({{INR}}638{{nbsp}}crore)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ofx.com/en-gb/forex-news/historical-exchange-rates/yearly-average-rates/ |title=67.175856 INR per USD in 2016 |access-date=18 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713183556/https://www.ofx.com/en-gb/forex-news/historical-exchange-rates/yearly-average-rates/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 62.6{{nbsp}}million<ref name="soviet" />
|-
! [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|Worldwide]]
! {{INR|{{#expr:11+19.24}} crore}} ({{US$|{{#expr:300/7.74 round 0}} million}})<ref name="hindustantimes">{{cite news |title=On Independence Day, here are the most successful Indian movies of every decade since 1947 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/on-independence-day-here-are-the-most-successful-indian-movies-of-every-decade-since-1947/story-EIf9tdhbWfO38hftOSwQIM.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=15 August 2018 |access-date=14 December 2018 |archive-date=8 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508110633/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/on-independence-day-here-are-the-most-successful-indian-movies-of-every-decade-since-1947/story-EIf9tdhbWfO38hftOSwQIM.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=1973&locations=IN&start=1972 |website=[[World Bank]] |year=1973 |access-date=13 December 2018 |archive-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215022359/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=1973&locations=IN&start=1972 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! [[Bollywood 1000 Crore Club|{{INR|{{#expr:574+638}} crore}}]] ({{US$|{{#expr:89+95}} million}})
! {{#expr:53.5+62.6 round 0}}{{nbsp}}million
|}

In India, ''Bobby'' was the highest-grossing film of 1973, earning [[Indian rupee|{{INR}}]]11 [[crore]].<ref name="boi73" /> It was also the second-highest-grossing film at the Indian box office in the 1970s, second only to ''[[Sholay]]'' (1975).<ref name="boi70s" /> Adjusted for inflation, it grossed {{INR}}398 crore in 2011 value,<ref name="gold70s">[http://boxofficeindia.co.in/worth-their-weight-in-gold-70s/ Worth Their Weight In Gold! (70's)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022033244/http://boxofficeindia.co.in/worth-their-weight-in-gold-70s/# |date=22 October 2017 }}, ''[[Box Office India]]'', 3 November 2011</ref> equivalent to {{INRConvert|{{Inflation|IN|398|2011}}|c}} in 2016 value. As of 2011, it is one of the top 20 highest-grossing films of all time in India.<ref name="gold3">[http://boxofficeindia.co.in/top-50-film-of-last-50-years/ Top 50 Film of Last 50 Years] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104181418/http://boxofficeindia.co.in/top-50-film-of-last-50-years/# |date=4 November 2011 }}, ''[[Box Office India]]'', 3 November 2011</ref>

Overseas, ''Bobby'' was very successful in the [[Soviet Union]] when it released there in 1975, due to Raj Kapoor's popularity in the country. ''Bobby'' drew 62.6{{nbsp}}million admissions at the Soviet box office, making it the second-best-selling film on the [[List of Soviet films of the year by ticket sales|Soviet box office charts]] in 1975,<ref name="soviet">[https://books.google.com/books?id=cpoLAQAAMAAJ ''Indian Films in Soviet Cinemas: The Culture of Movie-going After Stalin''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806001013/https://books.google.com/books?id=cpoLAQAAMAAJ |date=6 August 2023 }}, page 89, [[Indiana University Press]], 2005</ref> the most popular [[Indian film]] of the 1970s, the second-biggest foreign film of the decade,<ref name="soviet-foreign">{{cite web|url=http://kinanet.livejournal.com/13882.html|title=Зарубежные фильмы в советском кинопрокате|author=Sergey Kudryavtsev|author-link=Sergey Kudryavtsev (film critic)|access-date=11 June 2017|archive-date=21 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621072441/https://kinanet.livejournal.com/13882.html|url-status=live}}</ref> the sixth-biggest box office hit of the decade,<ref name="soviet-foreign" /><ref name="soviet-domestic">{{cite web|url=http://kinanet.livejournal.com/14172.html|title=Отечественные фильмы в советском кинопрокате|author=Sergey Kudryavtsev|author-link=Sergey Kudryavtsev (film critic)|access-date=11 June 2017|archive-date=22 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322203049/https://kinanet.livejournal.com/14172.html|url-status=live}}</ref> the second-most-viewed Indian film of all time (after Raj Kapoor's ''[[Awaara]]''), the sixth-biggest foreign hit of all time,<ref name="soviet-foreign" /> and one of the top 20 biggest box office hits of all time.<ref name="soviet-foreign" /><ref name="soviet-domestic" /> The film's success launched Rishi Kapoor into an overnight movie star in the Soviet Union,<ref>[https://is.muni.cz/el/1421/podzim2015/FAV291/um/Roth-Ey-Moscow_Prime_Time.pdf#page=4 ''Moscow Prime Time: How the Soviet Union Built the Media Empire that Lost the Cultural Cold War'', page 43] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510014311/https://is.muni.cz/el/1421/podzim2015/FAV291/um/Roth-Ey-Moscow_Prime_Time.pdf#page=4 |date=10 May 2018 }}, [[Cornell University Press]], 2011</ref> much like ''Awaara'' had done for his father Raj Kapoor.

Similarly, the film was very successful in [[Southeast Asian]] countries such as [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]]. It was popular among non-Indian audiences in these countries, despite a lack of local language [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbing]] or [[subtitles]] upon its initial Malaysian release. It was among the most popular foreign films in Malaysia at the time, along with [[Bruce Lee]] films such as ''[[The Big Boss]]'' (1972).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Heide |first1=William Van der |title=Malaysian Cinema, Asian Film: Border Crossings and National Cultures |date=2002 |publisher=[[Amsterdam University Press]] |isbn=978-90-5356-580-3 |page=147 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3HTdu1HuWQC&pg=PA147 |access-date=15 June 2020 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901092031/https://books.google.com/books?id=k3HTdu1HuWQC&pg=PA147 |url-status=live }}</ref> In China, the film was released in 1990.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K4FDAAAAYAAJ |title=Data India |date=1990 |publisher=[[Press Institute of India]] |page=111 |chapter=Films popular in China |quote=A spokesman of China Film Export and Import Corporation said in Bombay that films such as Sholay, Bobby, Qayamat-se-Qayamai Tak, Hero Hiralal, Shahenshah, Jalwa, Nacha Mayuri, Naseeb, Dance Dance, Disco Dancer and Naam, are being exhibited all over China. |access-date=15 May 2022 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702182552/https://books.google.com/books?id=K4FDAAAAYAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
''[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]]'' wrote upon release that despite a new style, the story formula remains the same as ever. The review further noted that despite some gimmicks, the film's commercial appeal is attributed to the two fresh-faced, delightful youngsters and praised the performances of the lead pair for acting with a natural ease and freshness. While Premnath was applauded for being outstanding as the expansive, volatile Braganza", Pran was accused of being typecast.<ref>{{cite news |title=Film Review – Bobby |work=The Illustrated Weekly of India |publisher=The Times Group |date=1973 |page=41}}</ref>

== Awards ==
'''[[21st Filmfare Awards]]<nowiki>:</nowiki><ref>{{cite web|title=1st Filmfare Awards 1953|url=http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf|access-date=2011-06-01|publisher=Deep750.googlepages.com|archive-date=12 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612065210/http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>'''
;Won
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] – [[Rishi Kapoor]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] – [[Dimple Kapadia]] (tied with [[Jaya Bhaduri]] for ''[[Abhimaan (1973 film)|Abhimaan]]'')
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] – [[Narendra Chanchal]] for "Beshak Mandir Masjid"
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]] – A. Rangaraj
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Sound Design|Best Sound Design]] – Allauddin Khan Qureshi

;Nominated
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]] – [[Raj Kapoor]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] – [[Raj Kapoor]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] – [[Prem Nath]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] – [[Aruna Irani]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] – [[Laxmikant Pyarelal]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] – [[Anand Bakshi]] for "[[Hum Tum Ek Kamre Mein Band Ho]]"
* Best Lyricist – [[Anand Bakshi]] for "Main Shayar To Nahin"
* Best Lyricist – [[Vitthalbhai Patel]] for "Jhoot Bole Kava Kate"
* Best Male Playback Singer – [[Shailender Singh]] for "Main Shayar To Nahin"

'''1974 [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|BFJA]] Awards:'''
* Best Male Playback Singer (Hindi Section) – Shailender Singh for "Main Shayar to Nahin"
* Best Audiographer (Hindi Section) – Alauddin Khan Qureshi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/197437.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422070342/http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/197437.htm|url-status=dead|title=69th & 70th Annual Hero Honda BFJA Awards 2007|archive-date=22 April 2008}}</ref>

== Controversy ==
In his 2017 autobiography ''Khullam Khulla: Rishi Kapoor Uncensored'', Rishi Kapoor revealed that he had paid {{INRConvert|30000|year=1974}} to win him a Best Actor award. While it was inferred as the [[Filmfare Award]] since it was the only big-time award during the time, he clarified in an interview that he has not specified Filmfare or any other names in the book".<ref>{{cite news |title=Uncensored: Rishi Kapoor reveals *exactly* why he bought an award for Bobby |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/rishi-kapoor-reveals-bought-award-bobby-khullam-khulla-955884-2017-01-19 |work=[[India Today]] |date=19 January 2017 |access-date=15 December 2018 |archive-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215222255/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/rishi-kapoor-reveals-bought-award-bobby-khullam-khulla-955884-2017-01-19 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[100 Crore Club]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=n}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|title=Bobby}}
* {{Rotten-tomatoes|1128675_bobby|title=Bobby}}

{{Raj Kapoor}}
{{K. A. Abbas}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1973 films]]
[[Category:1973 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1973 Indian films]]
[[Category:1970s Urdu-language films]]
[[Category:1970s romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Raj Kapoor]]
[[Category:Indian romantic musical films]]
[[Category:1970s romantic musical films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
[[Category:R. K. Films films]]
[[Category:Indian interfaith romance films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas]]
[[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:1970s teen romance films]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films set in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Indian teen romance films]]
[[Category:1973 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language romance films]]
[[Category:1973 musical films]]

Gunehgar

2026-03-03T23:32:45Z

IolaBrookshire: further improve information based on references and corrected details

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Gunehgar
| image = Gunehgar poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vikram Bhatt]]
| producer = [[Kalyaani Singh]]
| writer = [[Mahesh Bhatt]]
| screenplay = Iqbal Raj
| story = [[Mahesh Bhatt]]
| editing = Waman Bhonsle Gurudutt Shirali
| cinematography = [[Bhushan Patel]]
| based_on =
| starring = [[Mithun Chakraborty]] [[Pooja Bhatt]] [[Atul Agnihotri]] [[Tisca Chopra]] [[Kiran Kumar]]
| narrator =
| music = Shyam-Surender
| studio = Right Image International
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=y|1995|1|6}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Gunehgar''''' ({{Translation|Guilty}}) is a 1995 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action film]] produced by [[Kalyaani Singh]], presented by Maann Singh, and directed by [[Vikram Bhatt]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Gunehgar - Movie - - Box Office India|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/circuit_collection.php?movieid=3025&cityid=118&area=domestic|access-date=2021-08-05|website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref> starring [[Mithun Chakraborty]], [[Atul Agnihotri]], [[Pooja Bhatt]], [[Tisca Chopra]] and [[Kiran Kumar]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Gunehgar Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/gunehgar/movieshow/62520113.cms|access-date=2021-08-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gunehgar (1995) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/gunehgar-15116|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126020920/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/gunehgar-15116|url-status=live|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=2021-08-05|website=Cinestaan}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film deals with the fight against terrorism, and Mithun plays the role of D.I.G. of Police. Ajay Thakur is a long-time employee serving with the Indian police force; his motive in life involves bringing justice to the freedom fighters, who in reality are terrorists headed by Habibullah and his younger brother, Munna. All of them are on a deadly mission namely to separate Kashmir from India. Ajay meets with partial success when he shoots Munna, injuring him and thus arresting him in the process. This success gets him promoted to Deputy Inspector General (D.I.G). Later Munna manages to escape from custody and assassinates Ajay's wife whilst on the run. Meanwhile, Ajay's journalist sister, Pooja meets a guy, Rohit who rescues her from her car after realising its fitted with a bomb. Pooja falls in love with Rohit but unbeknown to Pooja, Rohit is a mere pawn in the hands of Habibullah. His gang is holding Rohit's father as hostage so that he kidnaps Pooja and delivers her to his gang. Once Rohit does what Habibullah asks, his gang hold both Rohit and Pooja as hostages. Ajay manages to find out the gangs where-about which is an old mosque and he must go to negotiate the release of his sister, Pooja. Ajay with the help of police informer reaches the location where Pooja and Rohit are taken as hostage and happens fighting, here Ajay gets shoot by Habibullah while avoiding the terrorist shooting Rohit and also gets shot in the back by Habibullah who runs away and enters the jeep trying to escape away, Pooja comes to hold Ajay but Ajay tells he wish that Habibullah gets punishment instead of trying to save him who is totally wounded with multiple gun shot wounds, Rohit and Pooja together chase and capture Habibullah bring him to the mosque where Pooja delivers a speech that never they can get their beliefs be holy by killing people and so the goons inside surrender infront of the police squad who also comes to this area, while Habibullah is taken in custody, Habibullah pushes away the police and tries to shoot Pooja with a gun but Rohit same time takes a gun from a police and fires Habibullah killing him, at the end Pooja is praised for her bravery in a stage and Rohit claps hands and joins her.

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
*[[Mithun Chakraborty]] as D.I.G. Ajay Thakur
*[[Atul Agnihotri]] as Rohit
*[[Pooja Bhatt]] as Pooja Thakur
*[[Tisca Chopra]] as Priya (as Priya Arora)
*[[Kiran Kumar]] as Habibullah
*[[Mushtaq Khan]] as Maulvi Parvez
*Anil Nagrath as Amirbaba
*[[Vishwajeet Pradhan]] as Munna
*Ishrat Ali as Mujihadeen member
*[[Ram Sethi]] as Mujihadeen member
*Girja Shankar as Indian Member of Parliament (Mantri)
*[[Mahavir Shah]] as Noorudin "Noora"
*Naresh Suri as Chachu
{{div col end}}

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Gunhegaar
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Shyam-Surender
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1994
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 32:49
| language = Hindi
| label = Time Audio
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The music of the film was composed Shyam-Surender and the lyrics were penned by Seema Janam, Maann Singh, Mithlesh and Surender Saathi. The soundtrack was released in 1994 on audio cassette in Time Audio.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.saavn.com/s/album/hindi/Gunehgar-1995/ny6vau01O3A_ |title=Gunehgar songs |access-date=18 October 2017 |archive-date=18 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018072023/https://www.saavn.com/s/album/hindi/Gunehgar-1995/ny6vau01O3A_ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The full album is recorded by [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Sudesh Bhosale|Sudesh Bhosle]], [[Alka Yagnik]] and [[Sadhana Sargam]].
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! # !! Title !! Singer(s) !! Lyrics !! Duration
|-
| 1
| "Wada Karo Yeh"
| [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
| Maann Singh
| 06:35
|-
| 2
| "Dil Huwa Beqarar"
| Kumar Sanu, Alka Yagnik
| Seema Janam
| 06:00
|-
| 3
| "Kasam Se Sari Raat"
| [[Vinod Rathod]], [[Sadhna Sargam]]
| Surender Sathi
| 04:37
|-
| 4
| "Rain is Falling"
| [[Sudesh Bhosale]]
| Surender Sathi
| 05:29
|-
| 5
| "Roothega Rab Toh Mana Loonga"
| Sudesh Bhosale
| Mithlesh
| 04:08
|-
| 6
| "Keh Do Na Ki Tumse Pyar Hai"
| Kumar Sanu, Sadhna Sargam
| Maan Singh
| 05:57
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0113237|Gunehgar}}

{{Vikram Bhatt}}

[[Category:1995 films]]
[[Category:1995 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1995 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vikram Bhatt]]
[[Category:Mithun's Dream Factory films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ooty]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Films about Islamic terrorism in India]]
[[Category:Films about jihadism]]
[[Category:1995 action films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of police departments in India]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language action films]]

{{1990s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Pagli (film)

2026-03-03T23:18:49Z

IolaBrookshire: Adding!

{{Short description|1943 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name =Pagli
| image =
| caption =
| director = Shankar Mehta
| producer =
| writer =
| starring =
| music = {{ubl
|Ustad Jhande Khan
|Govind Ram
|Amir Ali
|[[Rasheed Attre]]
}}
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor = Maheshwary Pictures (Lahore)
| released = {{Film date|1943}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Pagli''''' is a [[Bollywood]] [[film]]. It was released in [[Bollywood films of 1943|1943]].<ref name=Cinemaazi>{{cite web |title=Pagli (1943 film)|url=https://www.cinemaazi.com/film/pagli |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701170029/https://www.cinemaazi.com/film/pagli |website=Cinemaazi.com website|archive-date=1 July 2022|url-status=dead|access-date=5 December 2024}}</ref><ref name=FilmIndia>{{cite journal|title=Pagli (1943 film) (page 175)|url=https://archive.org/details/filmindia194309unse/page/n175/mode/2up?q=Pagli+1943|date=1943|journal=FilmIndia on Internet Archive|access-date=5 December 2024}}</ref>

==Cast==
*Aruna Devi<ref name=Cinemaazi/><ref name=FilmIndia/>
*Asha
*S. Kapur<ref name=Cinemaazi/>
*Raza
*Ramesh
*Anjana<ref name=Cinemaazi/>
*Bhag Singh
*[[Noor Mohammed Charlie]]<ref name=Cinemaazi/>

==Soundtrack==
The music of the film was composed by Ustad Jhande Khan, Govind Ram, Amir Ali, [[Rasheed Attre]].<ref name=Cinemaazi/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id =0384405 |title =Pagli }}

[[Category:1943 films]]
[[Category:1943 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1943 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Rashid Attre]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

{{1940s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Brahmadeva (film)

2026-03-03T04:23:12Z

IolaBrookshire: new new data - done

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Brahmadeva film poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = V. S. Dharmalinga
| producer = [[Janakiram|Dr. Ram]]
| starring = Dr. Ram Sanjay [[Tejashree]] [[Swati Verma]]
| cinematography = N. Ramesh Kumar
| editing = G. Sashi Kumar
| music = Muthu Raja
| studio = The Royal Pentagon
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2009|5|14}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Brahmadeva''''' is a 2009 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[thriller film]] directed by V. S. Dharmalinga. The film stars [[Janakiram|Dr. Ram]], Sanjay, [[Tejashree]] and [[Swati Verma]]. The film's music is composed by Muthu Raja.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2009 |title='I will prove a point' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/mar/18/i-will-prove-a-point-33633.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221001554/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/mar/18/i-will-prove-a-point-33633.html |archive-date=21 February 2023 |access-date=24 February 2023 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Janakiram|Dr. Ram]] as Essha and Brahma
*Sanjay as Ezhil
*[[Tejashree]] as Sampangi
*[[Swati Verma]] (credited as Pallavi)
*[[J. Livingston|Livingston]] as Dravidan
*[[Vijay Babu (actor, born 1951)|Vijay Babu]] as Paramasivam
*[[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]] as Doctor
*[[Mahanadhi Shankar]] as Police Inspector
*Gowthami Vembunathan
*[[Mumaith Khan]] in an item number
}}

== Production ==

The film's director Dharmalinga worked as an assistant to [[K. Rajeshwar]].<ref name="TOI">{{Cite web |date=15 April 2009 |title=Tejashree: Reviving her fortunes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/tejashree-reviving-her-fortunes/articleshow/4400348.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221001413/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/tejashree-reviving-her-fortunes/articleshow/4400348.cms |archive-date=21 February 2023 |access-date=24 February 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film began production in the late 2000s and marks [[Tejashree]]'s lead debut and [[Swati Verma]]'s Tamil debut.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=28 October 2011 |title=Showbitz |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/showbitz/article2576834.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224114029/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/showbitz/article2576834.ece |archive-date=24 February 2023 |access-date=26 February 2023 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The film was given an [[A certificate|A (adults only) certificate]] without any cuts although at first the film was given a [[U/A certificate]] with fourteen cuts.<ref name="TOI" /> The film explores the concept of the seventh sense.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2009 |title=On the seventh sense |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/jan/28/on-the-seventh-sense-21217.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221060445/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/jan/28/on-the-seventh-sense-21217.html |archive-date=21 February 2023 |access-date=24 February 2023 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote that "A better focus and clarity in the etching of the script of \'Elisa\', could have worked to the film’s advantage".<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2009 |title=Wanted: better focus |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/may/16/wanted-better-focus-49646.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221000252/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/may/16/wanted-better-focus-49646.html |archive-date=21 February 2023 |access-date=24 February 2023 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> A critic from the ''[[Indo-Asian News Service]]'' wrote that "''Brahma Deva'' is yet another reincarnation-revenge drama and director Dharmalinga has used decades' old method to narrate it".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maudgalyan |date=17 May 2009 |title='Brahma Deva' a drab reincarnation-revenge drama (Tamil Film Review) |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/brahma-deva-a-drab-reincarnationrevenge-drama-tamil-film-review_12313 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221001417/https://www.indiaforums.com/article/brahma-deva-a-drab-reincarnationrevenge-drama-tamil-film-review_12313 |archive-date=21 February 2023 |access-date=24 February 2023 |website=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |via=India Forums}}</ref> S. R. Ashok Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "The director should have concentrated on the screenplay and taken care to make the tale less confusing", but appreciated the cinematography by N. Ramesh Kumar and editing by G. Sashi Kumar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=22 May 2009 |title=Music scores over mystery |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/05/22/stories/2009052250540200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090606073941/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/05/22/stories/2009052250540200.htm |archive-date=6 June 2009 |access-date=18 February 2025 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:2009 Indian films]]
[[Category:2009 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2009 films]]
[[Category:2009 thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language thriller films]]

Devisingh Ransingh Shekhawat

2026-02-27T09:22:30Z

IolaBrookshire:

{{Short description|Former First Gentleman of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Devisingh Ransingh Shekhawat
| image = Shri Devisingh Shekhawat.jpg
| caption = Shekhawat in 2010
| office = [[First Ladies and Gentlemen of India|First Gentleman of India]]
| term_label = In role
| term_start = 25 July 2007
| term_end = 25 July 2012
| president = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| predecessor = [[Usha Narayanan]] (As First Lady)
| successor = [[Suvra Mukherjee]] (As First Lady)
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Pratibha Patil]]|1965}}
| children = 2
| citizenship = Indian
| office2 = [[Governor of Rajasthan|First Gentleman of Rajasthan]]
| term_label2 = In role
| termstart2 = 8 November 2004
| termend2 = 23 June 2007
| governor2 = Pratibha Patil
| predecessor2 = Raj Khurana
| successor2 = Jamila Kidwai
| office3 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| termstart3 = 1985
| termend3 = 1990
| predecessor3 = Surendra Chhatrapal Bhuyar
| successor3 = Jagdish Motilal Gupta
| constituency3 = [[Amravati (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Amravati]]
| birth_date = {{circa|1934}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2023|02|24|1934||}}
| death_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|Agriculturist|politician}}
}}

'''Devisingh Ransingh Shekhawat''' ({{circa|1934}} – 24 February 2023) was an Indian agriculturist and politician who served as the first [[First Ladies and Gentlemen of India|first gentleman of India]] as the husband of President [[Pratibha Patil]]. He also served as the [[List of governors of Rajasthan|first gentleman of Rajasthan]] and also as mayor of Amravati. He was a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].

== Early life ==
Devisingh Ransingh Shekhawat, who was then a lecturer in chemistry,<ref name="sundayindian">{{cite news |title=I had some misgivings about women in politics |date=27 December 2009 |work=The Sunday Indian |url=http://www.thesundayindian.com/article_print.php?article_id=8634 |access-date=14 January 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304213008/http://www.thesundayindian.com/article_print.php?article_id=8634 |url-status=dead}}</ref> married Pratibha Patil on 7 July 1965. The couple had a daughter and a son, [[Raosaheb Shekhawat]], who is also a politician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ex Governor of Rajasthan |url=http://rajassembly.nic.in/PratibhaPatil.htm |publisher=Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Secretariate |access-date=11 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804130808/http://rajassembly.nic.in/PratibhaPatil.htm |archive-date=4 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=In Amravati, it's about taking revenge for 2009 polls |first=Kunal |last=Purohit |work=Hindustan Times |date=11 October 2014 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/in-amravati-it-s-about-taking-revenge-for-2009-polls/story-CaoFU6bvG2TS6tYEUdCGTJ.html |access-date=11 January 2016}}</ref>

Shekhawat was awarded a PhD from the [[University of Mumbai]] in 1972.<ref name="sundayindian" /> Prior to his wife's elevation to her presidential role, he had been principal of a college operated by his wife's Vidya Bharati Shikshan Sanstha foundation and also a First Mayor of [[Amravati Municipal Corporation|Amravati]] (1991–1992). Like his wife, he was a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] party.<ref name="sundayindian" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Patil's husband to be occasional guest at Rashtrapati Bhavan |work=DNA |agency=PTI |date=24 July 2007 |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-patil-s-husband-to-be-occasional-guest-at-rashtrapati-bhavan-1111584 |access-date=11 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Pratibha-Patils-Resume/articleshow/2218456.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818230005/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-07-19/india/27975570_1_jalgaon-maharashtra-assembly-political-party |url-status=live |archive-date=18 August 2013 |title=Pratibha Patil's Resume |date=19 July 2007 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=11 January 2016}}</ref> He was also an agriculturalist and a former [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|member of the Legislative Assembly]], being elected for the period 1985–1990 from the [[Amravati (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Amravati constituency]] in the [[Maharashtra State Assembly|Maharashtra state legislature]].<ref name="sundayindian" /><ref>{{cite news |work=The Indian Express |title=Politician, farmer, husband of the next President? |first=Dhaval |last=Kulkarni |date=15 June 2007 |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/politician-farmer-husband-of-the-next-president-/33751/ |access-date=11 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=State Elections of Maharashtra, 1985 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |page=8 |access-date=11 January 2015}}</ref> He lost his [[deposit (politics)|deposit]] in the 1995 contest for that constituency.<ref>{{cite news |date=10 October 2009 |title=Shekhawat faces the heat in Amravati |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/shekhawat-faces-the-heat-in-amravati/article158622.ece |first=Rahi |last=Gaikwad |access-date=11 January 2016}}</ref>

Various accusations against Shekhawat and Patil emerged after the latter was nominated for the office of president.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Muck_refuses_to_move_from_Pratibha_path/articleshow/2155230.cms |work=The Times of India |date=28 June 2007 |title=Muck refuses to move from Pratibha path |first1=Pradeep |last1=Thakur |first2=Dhananjay |last2=Mahapatra |access-date=11 January 2016}}</ref> Among these was the case of Kisan Dhage, a teacher in a school run by Vidya Prasarak Shikshan Mandal in [[Buldana district]], who committed suicide in November 1998. He left a note saying that he was committing suicide because he was tired of the mental harassment caused by Shekhawat, who was chairman of the institution, and four others. When the police registered the case as "accidental death", Dhage's wife appealed to the Judicial Magistrate First Class (JMFC) in Jalgaon Jamod, a [[tehsil]] in [[Buldana]] district. The JMFC ordered the police to start criminal proceedings.<ref>{{cite news |work=DNA |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1106842 |date=29 June 2007 |title=Fresh Scandal Plagues Pratibha |access-date=11 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/29/stories/2007062955211400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001011303/http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/29/stories/2007062955211400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 October 2007 |date=29 June 2007 |agency=PTI |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Devisingh's plea to be heard on July 12|access-date=11 January 2016}}</ref> Shekhawat petitioned the courts seeking dismissal of charges of abetting Dhage's suicide. Two lower courts turned down this plea and by June 2007 the issue was pending in the [[Bombay High Court]].<ref name="TOI" /> A judge at that court dismissed the charges against Shekhawat in 2009 on the grounds that there was no proof of direct involvement, although one of his co-accused remained subject to the proceedings.<ref>{{cite news |title=High court relief for Prez's husband |first=Vaibhav |last=Ganjapure |date=1 February 2009 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/High-court-relief-for-Prezs-husband/articleshow/4057945.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=11 January 2016}}</ref>

In 2009, a court ruled that Shekhawat had colluded with five relatives and local officials to illegally transfer into his ownership {{convert|2.5|acre|ha}} of land in [[Chandrapur]] belonging to a [[Dalit]] farmer. This was one of several allegations of corruption and irregularities to emerge during Patil's presidency in relation to her and her family.<ref>{{cite news |work=The Economic Times |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-02-11/news/28491475_1_land-grabber-farmer-loan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305083644/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-02-11/news/28491475_1_land-grabber-farmer-loan |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 March 2016 |title=Her Excellency's husband a land grabber? |date=11 February 2010 |access-date=11 January 2016}}</ref>

== First Gentleman of Rajasthan (2004–2007) ==
Upon Shekhawat's wife's succession as governor of Rajasthan, he moved into Raj Bhavan, Jaipur succeeding as the first gentleman of Rajasthan for 3 years.

== First Gentleman of India (2007–2012) ==
[[File:Barack and Michelle Obama are greeted by President Pratibha Devisingh Patil.jpg|thumb|[[Barack Obama|44th United States President Barack Obama]] and [[Michelle Obama|First Lady Michelle Obama]] are greeted by [[Pratibha Patil|President Pratibha Devisingh Patil]] and First Gentleman Devisingh shekawat.]]
On 25 July 2007 Shekhawat became the first first gentleman of India upon his wife's succession as the twelfth — and first woman — [[President of India]] for a full five-year term.

== Death ==
Shekhawat died on 24 February 2023 at the age of 89.<ref>[https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/maharashtra/india-former-president-pratibha-patil-s-husband-devisingh-shekhawat-passes-away-141677217802212.html Devisingh Shekhawat: माजी राष्ट्रपती प्रतिभाताई पाटील यांचे पती देवीसिंह शेखावत यांचं निधन] {{in lang|mr}}</ref>

== References ==
{{commons category|Devisingh Ransingh Shekhawat}}
{{reflist|1}}

== External links ==
*{{cite news |title=Embarrassing Choice: Scandals and mud-slinging have turned the presidential polls into an unseemly affair |first1=Prerana |last1=Thakurdesai |first2=Priya |last2=Sahgal |date=9 July 2007 |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20070709-patil-the-outstanding-choice-for-presidentship-748284-2007-07-08 |access-date=11 January 2016}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hon}}
|-
{{s-vac|last=[[Usha Narayanan]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[First Ladies and Gentlemen of India|First Gentleman of India]]|years=2007–2012}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Suvra Mukherjee]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shekhawat, Devisingh Ransingh}}
[[Category:1930s births]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Pratibha Patil]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1985–1990]]
[[Category:First ladies and gentlemen of India]]
[[Category:Mayors of places in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Corruption in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:People from Amravati]]

Rickshaw painting of Bangladesh

2026-02-18T08:22:34Z

IolaBrookshire: Data

{{Short description|Neo-romantic oil paintings on rickshaws}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox intangible heritage
| Name = Rickshaw painting of Bangladesh
| Image = Rickshaw back decoration.jpg
| Country = Bangladesh
| ID = 01589
| Region = APA
| Year = 2023
| Session = 18th
| List = Representative
}}
'''Rickshaw painting''' ({{langx|bn|রিকশাচিত্র}}) is a form of [[neo-romanticism]] emerging in [[Bangladesh]]. The art in question consists of [[oil painting]]s on the rear of the canvas roof of [[rickshaw]]s, done by local street artists, who also paint the various landscapes, portraits and personal statements of the driver. Rickshaws and rickshaw paintings of Bangladesh are listed as '[[intangible cultural heritage]]' by UNESCO.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-06 |title=Unesco lists rickshaws and rickshaw art as 'intangible heritage' |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/culture/news/unesco-lists-rickshaws-and-rickshaw-art-intangible-heritage-3487581 |access-date=2023-12-06 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:ইউনেসকোর বিশ্ব সাংস্কৃতিক ঐতিহ্যের তালিকায় ঢাকার রিকশা ও রিকশাচিত্র |url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/national/2023/12/06/1343083 |work=[[Kaler Kantho]] |language=bn |access-date=7 December 2023 |date=December 2023}}</ref>
== History ==
In Bangladesh, rickshaw art dates back to the 1950s, and every conceivable part of the rickshaw is painted. In addition to geometric designs, there are depictions of flowers, birds and even popular actresses. The rickshaw can be decorated to show the driver's religious beliefs and sometimes even a commentary on current social issues.<ref name=":0">RickshawArt.org [http://www.rickshawart.org ''Website of the social entreprise RickshawArt in Bangladesh.''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422102750/http://www.rickshawart.org/ |date=2017-04-22 }} Dhaka.</ref> In Bangladesh, rickshaw art is looked down upon by the elite population.<ref name="world">{{cite book |last=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |title=World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |year=2007 |pages=479 |isbn=978-0-7614-7631-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ZBaVhmRvCkC&dq=rickshaw+art&pg=PA479 |accessdate=6 March 2010}}</ref>

The three-wheeled pedicab, more commonly known as the [[rickshaw]], has been around since the 1940s. Initially, they were undecorated, but starting in the late 1940s, the faces of movie stars began appearing as decorative motifs on shields at the back of the rickshaws along with a variety of floral paintings. The unique trend of rickshaw art started from [[Rajshahi]] and [[Dhaka]] in Bangladesh and took its own style in each district. For instance, [[Chittagong]], being a more pious city than Dhaka, mostly had floral or scenery art, whereas [[Comilla]] has plain rickshaws with beautiful dark blue or green hoods, on which are sewn an appliqué of a minaret or floral design enshrining the word "Allah".{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}

Artwork on the wheels of the rickshaws is done using very bold, bright and raw colours, like fluorescent green, dark red and so on. The blaze of colours also helps to make them long lasting.

Author Joanna Kirkpatrick states her definition of rickshaw art:
<blockquote>I consider it "peoples' art". It is not necessary to force it into a unitary category as it combines folkloric, movie, political and commercial imagery and techniques. It serves the expression of heart's desires of the man in the street for women, power, wealth, as well as for religious devotion. Rickshaw art also serves prestige and economic functions for the people who make, use and enjoy it.<ref>Joanna Kirkpatrick. [http://www.asianart.com/articles/ricksha/index.html ''Rickshaw Art in Bangladesh.''] Asian Art.</ref></blockquote>

Rickshaw art also reflects the [[economic globalization]] process, which is occurring all over the world today, for instance, those rickshaws with Osama bin Laden's pictures. Rickshaws are not only painted but also decorated with tassels, tinsel and colourful plastic.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}

Rickshaw art covers the whole rickshaw decoration, from painted backboards and rear side panels to cut-outs appliquéd on to hoods, as well as brass vases replete with plastic or paper flowers. The painted rectangular metal board at the backside, between the two wheels, leaves a trail of passion that the Rickshaw artist puts in his creations.<ref name=":0" />

This living pop art in Bangladesh is primarily created by illiterate rickshaw artists. They learn their techniques by living with Ustat (masters) from boyhood. They do not have copyrights, and in most cases are not attributed by name on their art. In the back of rickshaws, however, there is generally a mark of the maker indicated by a bold steel pin, for example, "Fazlu Mistri". Today, rickshaw art and artists are in a 'struggle of existence'. Third and fourth generations are increasingly less interested in learning the art due to low incomes of two to three dollars a day as well as the lack of recognition.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}

In 2023, [[UNESCO]] inscribed Dhaka's rickshaws and rickshaw paintings on its list of [[intangible cultural heritage]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2023 |title=Rickshaws and Rickshaw painting in Dhaka inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/rickshaws-and-rickshaw-painting-dhaka-inscribed-unesco-representative-list-intangible-cultural |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref>

==Gallery==

<gallery mode="packed">
[[File:Rickshaws in Rajshahi 01.jpg]]
[[File:Ricksha art.jpg]]
[[File:Nobo Kumar Bhadra's animal]]
[[File:related rickshaw art.jpg]]
[[File:Nobo Kumar Bhadra's Bangladesh Cinema influenced rickshaw art.jpg]]
[[File:Hand-painted rickshaw art 03.jpg]]
</gallery>

==See also==
{{commons category|Rickshaw art}}
* [[Truck art in South Asia]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Kuntala Lahiri-Dutt and David Williams. (2010). ''Moving Pictures: The Rickshaw Art of Bangladesh.'' {{ISBN|((978-0944142639))}} Ahmedabad: Mapin Books.

[[Category:Visual arts media]]
[[Category:Indian painting]]
[[Category:Pakistani painting]]
[[Category:Arts in India]]
[[Category:Arts in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Arts in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi painting]]
[[Category:Human-powered vehicles]]
[[Category:Decorated vehicles]]
[[Category:Rickshaws]]
[[Category:Transport culture of India]]
[[Category:Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity]]

Jubba Sahni

2026-02-07T23:08:32Z

IolaBrookshire: cleanup information for consistency and cleaned formatting for clarity

{{Short description|Indian freedom-fighter and revolutionary (1906–1944)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jubba Sahni
| image = Jubba Sahni 2001 stamp of India.jpg
| caption = Jubba Sahni on a 2001 stamp of India
| birth_date = 1906
| birth_place = Chainpur Basti, [[Muzaffarpur district|Muzaffarpur]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (now [[Bihar]], India)
| death_date = 11 March 1944
| death_place = Bhagalpur Central Jail, British India (now Bihar, India)
| death_cause = [[Execution by hanging]]
| known_for = Contribution to the freedom struggle
| movement = [[Indian independence movement]] [[Quit India Movement]]
| organization =
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Freedom fighter]]|[[revolutionary]]}}
| parents =
| honors =
}}

'''Jubba Sahni''' (1906–1944) was an Indian freedom fighter and revolutionary. He was executed by hanging on 11 March 1944 at the age of 38. He is remembered as the bravest revolutionary in Bihar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahotsav |first=Amrit |title=जुब्बा सहनी |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?14918 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India |language=English}}</ref>

== Early life ==
He was born in 1906 into a poor [[Mallaah|Mallah]] family in the village of Chainpur Basti, under Minapur police station, [[Muzaffarpur]] district, [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]. His father's name was Pachu Sahni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahotsav |first=Amrit |title=जुब्बा सहनी |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?14918 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India |language=English}}</ref>

== Revolutionary activities ==
On the call of [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhiji]], he participated in the [[Salt March|Salt Satyagraha Movement]], protest at liquor shops, campaigned in every village for not paying Chowkidari tax to the government, taking part in demonstrations to ban the import of foreign clothes and supported the ''Harijan Uddhaar Aandolan''. During this time he had to go to jail in the years 1932, 1934 and 1942.

In December 1932, while picketing against drug abuse at a liquor shop near Saraiyaganj Marwari Dharamshala in Muzaffarpur, Jubba was injured by the British police and three bones of his left rib were broken.

From the Salt Movement of 1930 to the British [[Quit India Movement]] of 1942, their revolutionary steps continued to grow. In August 1942, under his leadership, the movement of setting fire to government offices, post offices, police stations and hoisting the [[Indian National Flag|tricolour]] on them continued.

On 16 August 1942, he led an armed revolt against the Police Station in Minapur in which the in-charge of the Police Station, Waller was killed. Sahni took the entire responsibility for the episode upon himself and was later sentenced to death by a special court appointed by the [[British Government]]. He was hanged to death in [[Bhagalpur]] Central Jail, at the age of 38.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahotsav |first=Amrit |title=Jubba Sahni |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?2895 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahotsav |first=Amrit |title=जुब्बा सहनी |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?14918 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India |language=English}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
[[File:Jubba Sahni Park.jpg|thumb|Jubba Sahni Park, Ramna, Muzaffarpur]]
A park and a railway station in [[Muzaffarpur]] were named Jubba Sahni Park and Jubba Sahni station as a tribute to him.<ref>{{Cite web|title=मुफलिसी में जी रहा शहीद जुब्बा सहनी का परिवार, दाने-दाने को मोहताज हुई बहु|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-shaheed-jubba-sahni-family-living-in-poverty-15645027.html|access-date=2020-08-06|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-01-08|title=Zee Media's Swachh Selfie mission reaches Muzaffarpur|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/videos/top-stories/zee-medias-swachh-selfie-mission-reaches-muzaffarpur_1843121.html|access-date=2020-08-06|website=Zee News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=ब्यूरो|first=Kkn न्‍यूज|title=कोरे आश्वासन व घड़ियाली आंसू में बहा शहीद का सपना|date=2018-03-11|url=https://kknlive.com/society/dream-of-the-martyr-in-the-assurance-and-gaudy-tears/|language=hi-IN|access-date=2020-08-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=#Bihar : शहीद जुब्बा सहनी की पतोहू मुनिया बीमार, 15 दिन से नहीं खाया खाना, इलाज के लिए पैसे नहीं|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/muzaffarpur/950793|access-date=2020-08-06|website=Prabhat Khabar - Hindi News|date=3 March 2017 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-12|title=शहीद जुब्बा सहनी का शहादत दिवस मनाया|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/bihar/bihar-sharif/news/shaheed-jubba-sahni-celebrates-martyrdom-day-050019-4100962.html|access-date=2020-08-06|website=Dainik Bhaskar|language=hi}}</ref> In the jail where he was hanged by the British govt, later named after him. Now, it is called Jubba Sahni Central Jail Bhagalpur.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-06-17 |title=Bhagalpur jail renamed after martyr Jubba Sahni |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/bhagalpur-jail-renamed-after-martyr-jubba-sahni/articleshow/4663719.cms |access-date=2024-03-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shahid Jubba Sahni, Central Jail, Bhagalpur:- Tender {{!}} Bhagalpur {{!}} India |url=https://bhagalpur.nic.in/notice/shahid-jubba-sahni-central-jail-bhagalpur-tender/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> Additionally, his name is also associated with the [[Barela Bird Sanctuary|Barela Salim Ali-Jubba Sahni Bird Sanctuary]], located in Vaishali district and established in 1997.

In March 2023, a park was inaugurated in Patna featuring a life-size statue of Jubba Sahni, unveiled by Chief Minister [[Nitish Kumar]] in tribute to his contribution to the freedom movement.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Madan |date=10 March 2023 |title=Bihar CM unveils life-size statue of freedom fighter Jubba Sahni at newly developed park |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/bihar-cm-unveils-life-size-statue-of-freedom-fighter-jubba-sahni-at-a-newly-developed-park/articleshow/98549072.cms |access-date=17 May 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Indian independence movement]]
* [[List of people from Bihar]]
* [[Muzaffarpur]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahni, Jubba}}
[[Category:People from Bihar]]
[[Category:1906 births]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Muzaffarpur district]]
[[Category:Indian nationalists]]
[[Category:Executed Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:People executed by British India by hanging]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Bihar]]
[[Category:20th-century executions by British India]]

Ajay Ahuja

2026-02-07T00:55:16Z

IolaBrookshire: minor cleanup

{{Short description|Indian fighter pilot killed during the Kargil War}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Squadron Leader]]
| name = Ajay Ahuja
| honorific_suffix = [[Vir Chakra|VrC]]
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1963|05|22}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1999|05|27|1963|05|22}}
| birth_place = [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], [[Rajasthan]], India
| death_place = [[Kargil]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] (now [[Ladakh]])
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| nickname = Aj
| birth_name =
| allegiance = {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{air force|India|}}
| serviceyears = 1985–1999
| rank = [[File:Squadron Leader of IAF.png|15px]] [[Air Force ranks and insignia of India|Squadron Leader]]
| servicenumber =
| unit = [[No. 17 Squadron IAF|No. 17 Squadron]] (''Golden Arrows'')
| commands =
| battles =
| battles_label =
| awards = {{flagicon image|Vir Chakra ribbon bar.svg|20px}} [[Vir Chakra]]
| spouse = Alka Ahuja<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000610/windows/main4.htm|title=The Tribune - Windows - Featured story}}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
| children = 1<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000610/windows/main4.htm|title=The Tribune - Windows - Featured story}}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
| relations =
| laterwork =
| signature =
| website = 
}}
[[Squadron leader]] '''Ajay Ahuja''' {{Small|[[Vir Chakra|VrC]]}} ({{Birth date|1963|5|22|df=y}} – {{Death date|1999|5|27|df=y}}) was a [[fighter pilot]] of the [[Indian Air Force]] who was [[killed in action]] during the [[Kargil War]] between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] in 1999. His [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG-21]] was hit by a Pakistani shoulder-fired [[FIM-92 Stinger]] near the town of [[Kargil]] in the Indian territory of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. Ahuja ejected from the aircraft and parachuted on to the ground. Upon landing, he was captured and subsequently killed by Pakistan troops. While Pakistan rejected these events, A post-mortem report conducted on Ahuja's body after it was recovered and returned to India showed that he had a [[Knee#Fractures|fractured knee]] alongside two fatal bullet wounds to his head and chest.<ref name="tribuneAhuja">{{cite news|last=Tribune News Service|title=Ahuja was shot at point-blank range: report|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99may31/head1.htm|accessdate=7 January 2012|newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|date=30 May 1999}}</ref><ref name=CNNIBNahuja>{{cite news|title=Even after 8 years, Kargil continues to haunt|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/even-after-8-years-kagil-continues-to-haunt/45836-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121013405/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/even-after-8-years-kagil-continues-to-haunt/45836-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 January 2013|accessdate=8 January 2012|newspaper=CNN-IBN|date=30 July 2007}}</ref>

Reports by the [[Media of India|Indian media]] of Ahuja's capture and killing by Pakistani troops during the conflict sparked a major uproar within India.

== Early life and military career ==
Ajay was born on 22 May 1963 in [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. He attended Saint Paul's Senior Secondary School, a renowned missionary school for boys. He graduated from the [[National Defence Academy (India)|Indian National Defence Academy]] and was commissioned as a [[fighter pilot]] in the [[Indian Air Force]] on 14 June 1985. Ahuja was promoted to the rank of [[squadron leader]] on 14 June 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Service Record for Squadron Leader Ajay Ahuja 17864 F(P) at Bharat Rakshak.com |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/17864 |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref>

As a fighter pilot, he toured on [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG-21]] and [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23|MiG-23]] fighter aircraft, and gained instructional flying experience of over 1,000 hours that was spent teaching [[Ab initio|''ab-initio'']] pilots. In 1997, Ahuja was posted to the Bhisiana Air Force Station in [[Bathinda|Bhatinda]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref name=CNNIBNahuja/> Shortly after his assignment to the role of [[flight commander]] with the [[No. 17 Squadron IAF|No. 17 Squadron]], the [[Kargil War]] had broken out between India and [[Pakistan]] in 1999.

== Kargil War and shoot-down by Pakistani forces ==
On 27 May 1999, as part of ''[[Operation Safed Sagar]]'' during [[Kargil War]], Squadron leader Ahuja was undertaking a photo reconnaissance mission. While another member of the mission package, [[Flt Lt Nachiketa|Flight lieutenant Nachiketa]] ejected from his [[MiG-27]]L after an engine [[flame out]].<ref name="AFM">{{cite journal|title=none|date=July 1999|journal=[[Air Forces Monthly]]|publisher=Key Publishing Limited|location=Stamford, Lincolnshire, UK|issue= 136|pages=74–75|issn=0955-7091}}</ref> Squadron leader Ahuja stayed over enemy positions to help the rescue attempts knowing full well the existence of enemy [[surface-to-air missile]]s in the area. However, his [[MiG-21]]MF fighter, C-1539,<ref name="AFM"/> was hit by a Pakistani shoulder-fired [[FIM-92 Stinger]]. Ahuja gave a radio call – ''"Hercules, something has hit my plane, possibility of missile hit cannot be ruled out, I am ejecting over...(location)."''. IAF authorities lost track of his aircraft and all communication shortly afterward.

== Circumstances of death ==
According to the data released by the Indian Air Force, Ahuja's aircraft had crossed the [[Line of Control]], into the Pakistani area. Where he was captured and killed by Pakistan army personnel, after he landed. After his body was recovered, a post-mortem examination was conducted. The report revealed two fatal bullet wounds and a fractured knee, the latter likely sustained during landing after ejection, indicating that he was alive upon landing. However, this incident strictly rejected by Pakistan. <ref name="AFM"/><ref name=rediffNachiketa>{{cite news|title=The family is both proud of Nachiketa and concerned about his well-being|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/may/30kash7.htm|accessdate=7 January 2012|newspaper=Rediff News|date=30 May 1999}}</ref><ref name=CNNIBNahuja/> Squadron leader Ahuja's body would be recovered by the men of the 10th Battalion of the [[Garhwal Rifles]].<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/15O-qyitKUw Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20210318111526/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=15O-qyitKUw Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=15O-qyitKUw| title = Fifty Day War : Episode 2 | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== Return and cremation ==
On 29 May 1999, Ahuja's body was flown to a local Air Force station by the Indian Air Force. Angry public demonstrations broke out there, at his cremation, and near the High Commission of Pakistan in [[Delhi]].<ref name="tribuneAhuja" />

== Reaction and aftermath ==
On 15 June 1999, Deputy High Commissioner of the Pakistani High Commission in New Delhi was summoned and a notice for the breach of Geneva conventions was submitted for the torture and killing of the prisoners of War during the Kargil War.<ref name="ministry_record99">{{cite web |title=Breach of Geneva Convention by Pak armed forces |url=http://mealib.nic.in/far/1999.pdf |accessdate=29 March 2012 |work=Foreign Affairs Record 1999 |publisher=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India}}</ref> The Government of India also lodged a protest with Pakistan's High Commissioner, accusing the Pakistani forces of having fired at Ahuja while still descending in his parachute. Pakistani authorities denied the accusations and suggested Ahuja was killed due to accidental injuries during the ejection or landing.{{Cn|date=January 2012}}

== Commemoration ==
[[File:National War Memorial, Tyag Chakra, Circle of Sacrifice, Ajay Ahuja.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Squadron Leader Ajay Ahuja's name on the Tyag Chakra (Circle of Sacrifice), [[National War Memorial (India)|National War Memorial]], India.]]
Ahuja remains a great hero for Indians, and his widow and family are often honored guests at patriotic public events and official ceremonies. The family received much support from Government authorities and Indian political leaders, as well as emotional and financial support from people across India. A statue of Ahuja was constructed by the Bhatinda-Muktsar road.<ref name="tribuneAhuja"/>

On 15 August 1999, India's 52nd anniversary of Independence, Squadron Leader Ajay Ahuja was awarded the [[Vir Chakra]] shortly after his death which is one of India's highest gallantry honours for military personnel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SQUADRON LEADER AJAY AHUJA {{!}} Gallantry Awards|url=https://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/squadron-leader-ajay-ahuja|access-date=2020-06-24|website=gallantryawards.gov.in}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Kargil War]]
*[[Military of India]]

== References ==
;Notes
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahuja, Ajay}}

[[Category:Indian Air Force officers]]
[[Category:Indian military aviators]]
[[Category:People of the Kargil War]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Vir Chakra]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Kota, Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Indian Sindhi people]]
[[Category:Indian military personnel killed in action]]
[[Category:Aviators killed by being shot down]]

First Deshmukh ministry

2026-02-05T17:08:31Z

IolaBrookshire: update lead for consistency for clarity

{{Short description|Regional government in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_type = Ministry
| cabinet_number =
| jurisdiction = [[Maharashtra]]
| flag =
| flag_border = true
| incumbent =
| image = File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg
| image_size = 150px
| caption = [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]], Former [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]]
| date_formed = 18 October 1999
| date_dissolved = 16 January 2003
| government_head = [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
| government_head_history =
| state_head = [[Governor of Maharashtra|Governor]] [[P. C. Alexander]] (1999–2002) Governor [[Mohammed Fazal]] (2002-03)
| members_number = 26 Cabinet ministers [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] (12) [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] (12) [[Peasants and Workers Party of India|PWP]] (1) [[Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh|BBM]] (1)
| former_members_number =
| total_number =
| political_parties = [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] Other smaller parties and independents
| legislature_status = [[Coalition government|Coalition]] {{Composition bar|148|288|{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
| opposition_cabinet =
| opposition_party = [[Shiv Sena]] [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| opposition_leader = [[Narayan Rane]] (Shiv Sena) ([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Assembly]]) [[Nitin Gadkari]] (BJP) ([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Council]])
| election = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| last_election =
| legislature_term = 5 years
| budget =
| advice_and_consent1 =
| advice_and_consent2 =

| incoming_formation =
| outgoing_formation =
| previous = [[Narayan Rane ministry]]
| successor = [[Sushilkumar Shinde ministry|Shinde ministry]]
}}

The [[Indian National Congress]] politician '''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]''' formed his first government after the [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name=Main>{{Cite news |title=Deshmukh sworn in Maharashtra CM |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99oct19/nation.htm#1 |date=19 October 1999 |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> The government consisted of Deshmukh's Congress party, [[Nationalist Congress Party]], several smaller parties, and independent politicians.<ref name=Main /><ref name=MainR>{{Cite news |title=Congress, NCP agree to prune ministry |newspaper=[[Rediff News]] |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/1999/oct/29maha.htm |date=29 October 1999 |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> Deshmukh was sworn in on 18 October 1999<ref name=Main /> and continued as [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]] until his resignation on 16 January 2003.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Deshmukh quits, Shinde to take over in Maharashtra |newspaper=[[Rediff News]] |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2003/jan/16maha3.htm |date=16 January 2003 |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>

==Government formation==
The [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999 elections]] had returned [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] as the largest legislative party with 75 out of the State's 288 [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly]] seats. Deshmukh, who had previously served as a cabinet minister in the State was subsequently supported by the [[Nationalist Congress Party]], [[Peasants and Workers Party of India]], [[Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh]], [[Republican Party of India (Gavai)]], [[Republican Party of India (Athawale)]], [[Samajwadi Party]], [[Janata Dal (Secular)]], and [[Independent (politician)|Independents]].<ref name=MainR /> The [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] supported the government from outside.<ref name=MainR />

The ministry had initially consisted of 61 member. However, coalition partner NCP was concerned with the large size of the cabinet. As a compromise, Deshmukh agreed that his Congress party would drop one cabinet minister and three ministers of state, while the NCP would ask two of its junior ministers to resign.<ref name=MainR />

==List of ministers==
The cabinet consisted of 55 members - Deshmukh, his [[Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Deputy]] [[Chhagan Bhujbal]], 24 [[cabinet ministers]], and 29 [[ministers of state]].<ref name=Final>{{Cite news |title=Deshmukh drops six ministers, allocates portfolios |newspaper=[[Rediff News]] |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/1999/oct/31maha.htm |date=31 October 1999 |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>

===Cabinet ministers===
The following ministers were allocated portfolios in October 1999.<ref name=OctList>{{Cite news |title=The Maharashtra Council of Ministers |newspaper=[[Rediff News]] |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/1999/oct/31maha1.htm |date=31 October 1999 |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]].
*General Administration
*Information and Publicity
*Information Technology
*Urban Development

Departments or portfolios not allocated to any minister.
| minister1 = [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
| minister1_termstart = 18 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Deputy Chief Minister]]
*Home
*Social Justice (18 October 1999 – 3 May 2001)
*Special Assistance (18 October 1999 – 3 May 2001)
*Majority Welfare Development
| minister1 = [[Chhagan Bhujbal]]
| minister1_termstart = 18 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Environment
*Forests
*State Border Defence (First)
| minister1 = [[Surupsingh Hirya Naik]]
| minister1_termstart = 19 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Industries
*Mining Department
*Soil and Water Conservation (19 October 1999 – 02 March 2001)
| minister1 = [[Patangrao Kadam]]
| minister1_termstart = 19 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Revenue
*Protocol
| minister1 = [[Ashok Chavan]]
| minister1_termstart = 19 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Labour
*Minority Development and Aukaf
*Ports
| minister1 = [[Husain Dalwai]]
| minister1_termstart = 19 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Social Welfare / Social Justice (03 May 2001 – 16 January 2003)
*Women and Child Development (19 October 1999 – 09 September 2001)
*Nomadic Tribes Development
*Special Backward Classes Welfare
*Skill Development, Entrepreneurship
*Other Backward Bahujan Welfare
| minister1 = [[Jaywantrao Awale]]
| minister1_termstart = 19 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Transport
*Employment and Self-employment
*Employment Guarantee (09 September 2001 – 16 January 2003)
| minister1 = [[Shivajirao Moghe]]
| minister1_termstart = 19 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Irrigation
*Energy
*Command Area Development
*Socially And Educationally *Backward Classes
*Soil and Water Conservation (02 March 2001 – 16 January 2003)
| minister1 = [[Padamsinh Patil]]
| minister1_termstart = 19 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Public Works (Excluding Public Undertakings)
*State Border Defence (Second)
| minister1 = [[Vijaysinh Mohite-Patil]]
| minister1_termstart = 19 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Tribal Development
*Special Assistance (03 May 2001 – 16 January 2003)
| minister1 = [[Madhukar Pichad]]
| minister1_termstart = 19 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Horticulture
*Irrigation (Krishna Valley Development)
*Irrigation (Konkan Valley Development)
| minister1 = [[Ajit Pawar]]
| minister1_termstart = 19 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Public Works (Including Public Undertakings)
*Co-operation
| minister1 = [[Vikramsinh Patankar]]
| minister1_termstart = 19 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Marketing
*Employment Guarantee (19 October 1999 – 09 September 2001)
*Tourism
*Woman and Child Development (09 September 2001 – 16 January 2003)
| minister1 = [[Ganpatrao Deshmukh]]
| minister1_termstart = 19 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Peasants and Workers Party of India
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = *Housing
*House Repairs and Reconstruction
*Parliamentary Affairs
| minister1 = Rohidas Patil
| minister1_termstart = 27 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Agriculture
*Textile
*Khar Land Development
| minister1 = [[Ranjeet Deshmukh]]
| minister1_termstart = 27 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Law and Judiciary
*Earthquake Rehabilitation
*Relief And Rehabilitation
*Ex-servicemen's Welfare
| minister1 = Vilas Patil
| minister1_termstart = 27 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Animal Husbandry
*Dairy Development
| minister1 = Anand Devkate
| minister1_termstart = 27 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*School Education
*Sports and Youth Welfare
*Cultural Affairs
*Marathi Language
| minister1 = [[Ramkrishna More]]
| minister1_termstart = 27 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Food and Civil Supplies
*Consumer Protection
*Food and Drug Administration
| minister1 = [[Datta Meghe]]
| minister1_termstart = 27 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Excise
*Medicinal Drugs
*Vimukta Jati
*Other Backward Classes
| minister1 = [[Vasant Chavan]]
| minister1_termstart = 27 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Public Health and Family Welfare
*Medical Education
| minister1 = Digvijay Khanvilkar
| minister1_termstart = 27 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Rural Development
*Panchayat Raj
*Water Supply
*Cleanliness
| minister1 = [[R. R. Patil]]
| minister1_termstart = 27 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Higher and Technical Education
| minister1 = [[Dilip Walse-Patil]]
| minister1_termstart = 27 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Finance
*Planning
| minister1 = [[Jayant Patil]]
| minister1_termstart = 27 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Trade
*Commerce
*Fisheries
| minister1 = Makhram Pawar
| minister1_termstart = 27 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 16 January 2003
| minister1_party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*Minister without Portfolio, *Disaster Management
| minister1 = [[Satish Chaturvedi]]
| minister1_termstart = 27 October 1999
| minister1_termend = 31 October 1999<ref name=Final />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table end}}

===Ministers of state===
The ministers also included the following ministers of state.<ref name=OctList />
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#00f;"
! style="text-align:center;"| Minister of state
! style="text-align:center;"| Portfolio
! style="text-align:center;"| Party
|-
| [[Manikrao Thakre]]
| Home Affairs (Rural), Employment Guarantee Scheme, and Parliamentary Affairs
| [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]
|-
| [[Vasudhatai Pundlikrao Deshmukh]]
| Finance, Planning, and Public Works
| [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]
|-
| [[Kripashankar Singh]]
| Home Affairs (Urban) and Medicines
| [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]
|-
| [[Eknath Gaikwad]]
| Public Health, Medical Education, and Family Welfare
| [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]
|-
| [[Balasaheb Thorat]]
| Public Works and Command Area Development
| [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]
|-
| Chandrakant Shivarkar
| Public Works (Public Projects) and Excise
| [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]
|-
| [[Anees Ahmed]]
| Higher and Technical Education
| [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]
|-
| [[Rajendra Darda]]
| Energy and Tourism
| [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]
|-
| Prakash Awade
| Textiles, Tribal Development, and Special Assistance
| [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]
|-
| [[Basavraj Madhavrao Patil]]
| Rural Development
| [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]
|-
| [[Naseem Khan (politician)|Mohammed Arif Khan]]
| Food and Civil Supplies, and Consumer Protection
| [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]
|-
| [[Arjun Tulshiram Pawar|A. T. Pawar]]
| Tribal welfare<ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=11 May 2017|title=8-time MLA, ex-minister A T Pawar passes away {{!}} Nashik News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/8-time-mla-ex-minister-a-t-pawar-passes-away/articleshow/58617223.cms|access-date=2021-07-08|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|-
| Laxman Dhoble
| General Administration, Social Welfare, and Marketing
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|-
| Babasaheb Kupekar
| Cooperation
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|-
| [[Anil Deshmukh]]
| School Education, Information, Sports and Youth Affairs
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|-
| [[Jaydattaji Kshirsagar]]
| Industries, Parliamentary Affairs, Trade and Commerce, and Mining
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|-
| Hemant Deshmukh
| Labour, Employment and Self-employment
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|-
| [[Vimal Mundada]]
| Women and Child Welfare, Law and Judiciary, Earthquake Rehabilitation and Relief
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|-
| [[Ramraje Naik Nimbalkar]]
| Revenue and Rehabilitation
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|-
| [[Sunil Tatkare]]
| Urban Development, Urban Land Ceiling, and Ports
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|-
| Subhash Thakre
| Forests and Environment
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|-
| N. P. Hirani
| Protocol and Prohibition Publicity
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|-
| [[Meenakshi Patil]]
| Cultural Affairs and Fisheries
| [[Peasants and Workers Party of India|Shekapa]]
|-
| Mohan Mahadev Patil
| Horticulture, Nomadic Tribes, and Backward Class Development
| [[Peasants and Workers Party of India|Shekapa]]
|-
| [[Sulekha Kumbhare]]
| Water Supply and Cleanliness
| [[Republican Party of India (Gavai)|RPI(G)]]
|-
| Dada Jadhavrao
| Agriculture, and Ex-servicemen's Welfare
| [[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD(S)]]
|-
| Ajit Ghorpade
| Irrigation (Krishna Valley and Konkan Irrigation Corporation)
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| [[Nawab Malik]]
| Housing, Slum Development, House Repairs, and Wakf
| [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
|-
| [[Gangadhar Gade]]
| Transport
| [[Republican Party of India (Athawale)|RPI(A)]]
|-
|}

==Guardian Ministers ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sr No.
! District
!Guardian_Minister
!colspan="2" scope="col" |Party
|-
| 01
| '''[[Ahmednagar district|Ahmednagar]]'''
| '''[[Ashok Chavan]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
| rowspan=36 |[[United Progressive Alliance]]
| rowspan=36 style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|United Progressive Alliance}}" |
|-
| 02
| '''[[Akola district|Akola]]'''
| '''[[Vasant Chavan]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
| 03
| '''[[Amravati district|Amravati]]'''
| '''[[Chhagan Bhujbal]]''' (Deputy Chief Minister)
|-
| 04
| '''[[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]'''
| '''[[Jayant Patil]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
| 05
| '''[[Beed district|Beed]]'''
| '''[[Dilip Walse-Patil]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
| 06
| '''[[Bhandara district|Bhandara]]'''
| '''[[Datta Meghe]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
| 07
| '''[[Buldhana district|Buldhana]]'''
| '''[[Husain Dalwai]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
| 08
| '''[[Chandrapur district|Chandrapur]]'''
| '''[[Makhram Pawar]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
| 09
| '''[[Dhule district|Dhule]]'''
| '''[[Surupsingh Hirya Naik]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
| 10
| '''[[Gadchiroli district|Gadchiroli]]'''
| '''[[R. R. Patil]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
| 11
| '''[[Gondiya district|Gondiya]]'''
| '''[[Ramkrishna More]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
| 12
| '''[[Hingoli district|Hingoli]]'''
| '''[[Anees Ahmed]]''' (Minister of State)
|-
| 13
| '''[[Jalgaon district|Jalgaon]]'''
| '''[[Anand Devkate]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
| 14
| '''[[Jalna district|Jalna]]'''
| '''[[Vilas Patil]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
| 15
|'''[[Kolhapur district|Kolhapur]]'''
| '''[[Satish Chaturvedi]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
| 16
|'''[[Latur district|Latur]]'''
| '''[[Jaywantrao Awale]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
| 17
| '''[[Mumbai City district|Mumbai City]]'''
| '''[[R. R. Patil]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
| 18
| '''[[Mumbai Suburban district|Mumbai Suburban]]'''
| '''[[Ranjeet Deshmukh]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
| 19
|'''[[Nagpur district|Nagpur]]'''
| '''[[Patangrao Kadam]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
| 20
| '''[[Nanded district|Nanded]]'''
| '''[[Ashok Chavan]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
|21
| '''[[Nandurbar district|Nandurbar]]'''
| '''[[Surupsingh Hirya Naik]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
|22
| '''[[Nashik district|Nashik]]'''
| '''[[Chhagan Bhujbal]]''' (Deputy Chief Minister)
|-
|23
| '''[[Osmanabad district|Osmanabad]]'''
| '''[[Padamsinh Patil]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
|25
| '''[[Parbhani district|Parbhani]]'''
| '''[[Balasaheb Thorat]]''' (Minister of State)
|-
|26
| '''[[Pune district|Pune]]'''
| '''[[Ajit Pawar]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
|27
| '''[[Raigad district|Raigad]]'''
|'''[[Rohidas Patil]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
|28
| '''[[Ratnagiri district|Ratnagiri]]'''
| '''[[Ganpatrao Deshmukh]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
|29
| '''[[Sangli district|Sangli]]'''
| '''[[Patangrao Kadam]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
|30
| '''[[Satara district|Satara]]'''
| '''[[Vikramsinh Patankar]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
|31
| '''[[Sindhudurg district|Sindhudurg]]'''
| '''[[Eknath Gaikwad]]''' (Minister of State)
|-
|32
|'''[[Solapur district|Solapur]]'''
|'''[[Vijaysinh Mohite-Patil]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
|33
|'''[[Thane district|Thane]]'''
| '''[[Husain Dalwai]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
|34
|'''[[Wardha district|Wardha]]'''
| '''[[Shivajirao Moghe]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
|35
|'''[[Washim district|Washim]]'''
| '''[[Jaywantrao Awale]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
|36
|'''[[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]]'''
| '''[[Madhukar Pichad]]''' (Cabinet Minister)
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Maharashtra state government ministries}}

[[Category:Indian National Congress state ministries of Maharashtra|Deshmukh I]]
[[Category:Maharashtra ministries|Deshmukh I]]
[[Category:Nationalist Congress Party]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 1999|Deshmukh I]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 2003|Deshmukh I]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (Secular)]]

Pranjali Dhumal

2026-01-24T12:05:50Z

IolaBrookshire: Biography

{{short description|Indian sports shooter (born 2000)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Pranjali Dhumal
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|2000}}
| birth_place = India
| country = {{IND}}
| medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalSport|Women's [[shooting sports|shooting]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Deaflympics]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 Summer Deaflympics|2025 Tokyo]]|[[Shooting at the 2025 Summer Deaflympics|25 m pistol]]}}
{{MedalGold|2025 Tokyo|Mixed 10m air pistol}}
{{MedalSilver|2025 Tokyo|10m air pistol}}
}}

'''Pranjali Prashant Dhumal''' (born 2000) is an Indian deaf sports shooter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pranjali Dhumal |url=https://www.deaflympics.com/athletes/pranjali-dhumal |access-date=2025-11-29 |website=Deaflympics |archive-date=13 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251113074148/https://www.deaflympics.com/athletes/pranjali-dhumal |url-status=live }}</ref> She made her Deaflympic debut in 2022, representing [[India at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics]].

== Career ==
In May 2022, Dhumal competed at the delayed [[2021 Summer Deaflympics]], where she competed in the women's and mixed 10 m air pistol events, finishing in fourth place in the former.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |title=Deaflympics 2021: Vedika Sharma wins bronze in women's 10m air pistol for India's fourth medal |url=https://scroll.in/field/1023352/deaflympics-2021-vedika-sharma-wins-bronze-in-women-s-10m-air-pistol-for-indias-fourth-medal |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Scroll.in |date=6 May 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=17 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517070152/https://scroll.in/field/1023352/deaflympics-2021-vedika-sharma-wins-bronze-in-women-s-10m-air-pistol-for-indias-fourth-medal |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |agency=PTI|date=6 May 2022 |title=Vedika Sharma wins bronze in women's 10m air pistol at Deaflympics {{!}} More sports News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/vedika-sharma-wins-bronze-in-womens-10m-air-pistol-at-deaflympics/articleshow/91379067.cms |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

In September 2024, Dhumal competed in the World Deaf Shooting Championship and finished in fourth place in the women's 10m air pistol event and posted a score of 568 during qualification.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebridge.in/para-sports/anuya-prasad-wins-gold-world-deaf-championships-49426|title=World Deaf C'ships: Anuya Prasad wins gold as Indian shooters shine on opening day|publisher=The Bridge|date=1 September 2024|access-date=29 November 2025|archive-date=11 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251011193743/https://thebridge.in/para-sports/anuya-prasad-wins-gold-world-deaf-championships-49426|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/anuya-prasad-wins-air-pistol-gold-in-world-deaf-championship/article68593707.ece|title=Anuya Prasad wins air pistol gold in World Deaf Championship|publisher=The Hindu|date=2 September 2024}}</ref> She also competed in the 25 m pistol, where she posted a score of 571 during qualification and won the bronze medal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/other/2024/Sep/04/pranjali-dhumal-wins-bronze-in-25m-pistol-at-world-deaf-shooting-championship|title=Pranjali Dhumal wins bronze in 25m pistol at World Deaf Shooting Championship|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=4 September 2024|access-date=29 November 2025|archive-date=2 January 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260102195253/https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/other/2024/Sep/04/pranjali-dhumal-wins-bronze-in-25m-pistol-at-world-deaf-shooting-championship|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/pranjali-dhumal-takes-bronze-in-sports-pistol-after-world-record/article68605236.ece|title=Pranjali Dhumal takes bronze in sports pistol after world record|publisher=The Hindu|date=4 September 2024}}</ref>

Dhumal competed at the [[2025 Summer Deaflympics]] and clinched a silver medal in the women's 10m air pistol shooting event, registering a score of 236.8 points in the final, finishing behind fellow compatriot [[Anuya Prasad]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/deaflympics-indians-scores-results-air-pistol-gold-silver-medals-anuya-pranjali/article70290396.ece |title=Deaflympics 2025: Anuya, Pranjali seal gold and silver in 10m Air Pistol |date=2025-11-21 |website=Deaflympics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |publisher=Telangana News|date=17 November 2025 |title=Anuya Prasad wins gold, Pranjali silver as India shine in Deaflympics shooting |url=https://telanganatoday.com/anuya-prasad-wins-gold-pranjali-silver-as-india-shine-in-deaflympics-shooting |access-date=2025-11-12}}</ref> She then competed with [[Abhinav Deshwal]] in the mixed air pistol event, where they won the gold medal, as well as the 25 m pistol event, in which she won the gold medal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deaflympics: Abhinav, Pranjali win air pistol mixed team gold|url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/technology/3702780-deaflympics-abhinav-pranjali-win-air-pistol-mixed-team-gold?amp |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Devdiscourse |date=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2025/sports/shooter-pranjali-wins-25m-pistol-gold-in-deaflympics.html|title=Shooter Pranjali wins 25m pistol gold in Deaflympics|publisher=Daily Pioneer|date=25 November 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.deaflympics.com/athletes/pranjali-dhumal Pranjani Dhumal] at [[Deaflympics]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhumal, Pranjali}}
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female sport shooters]]
[[Category:Deaf sport shooters]]
[[Category:ISSF pistol shooters]]
[[Category:Indian deaf people]]
[[Category:Deaflympic shooters for India]]
[[Category:Deaflympic gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Deaflympic silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2025 Summer Deaflympics]]
[[Category:Shooters at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics]]
[[Category:Shooters at the 2025 Summer Deaflympics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Jiyo Utho Badho Jeeto

2026-01-19T10:39:19Z

IolaBrookshire: New Initial Post More To Come

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Jiyo Utho Badho Jeeto
| cover =
| alt =
| type =
| artist = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| album =
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| released = 28 August 2010
| recorded = [[2010 in music|2010]] [[Panchathan Record Inn and AM Studios]], [[Chennai]]
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = [[World music]]
| length = 4:16 2:08 (Short)
| label =
| writer = [[A. R. Rahman]] (music), [[Mehboob Kotwal|Mehboob]] (lyrics)
| producer = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|wPeO3kOeHWg|"Jiyo Utho Badho Jeeto"}}}}
}}

'''"Jiyo Utho Badho Jeeto"''' ({{Translation|Live, Rise, Ascend, Win}}; also known as '''"Oh Yaron Ye India Bula Liya"''') is a song by Indian musician [[A. R. Rahman]]. It was the official anthem for the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]], which was held in [[Delhi, India]] between 3 October and 14 October 2010.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=Commonwealth Games 2010 Official Site |title=Theme Song |url=http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/?q=node/1660 |accessdate=2010-08-28 |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901104108/http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/?q=node%2F1660 |archivedate=2010-09-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Jiyo, Utho, Badho, Jeeto... |url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/48/20100829/1252/tsp-jiyo-utho-badho-jeeto.html |publisher=Yahoo |accessdate=2010-08-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20100902181202/http://in.news.yahoo.com/48/20100829/1252/tsp-jiyo-utho-badho-jeeto.html |archivedate=2010-09-02 }}</ref> The highly anticipated song was released on 28 August for [[Music download|digital download]], receiving notably mixed responses from the [[2010 Commonwealth Games#Organising committee|Organising Committee]], critics and listeners alike.<ref name="indiaglitz.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/59795.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902060104/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/59795.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 September 2010 |title=Mixed Response to Rahman's CWG Tune - Bollywood Movie News |work=IndiaGlitz |date= |accessdate=2011-05-26}}</ref> The music video of the song was released on 23 September, which featured only a shorter version of the song.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/97053/rahmans-games-anthem-now-more.html |title=CWG theme song tweaked, to be peppier like 'Chake De' |publisher=Deccanherald.com |date= |accessdate=2011-05-26}}</ref> The new version became the official anthem, since it received very positive responses.<ref name="short" /><ref name="short2" /> The title of the song is based on the motto of the games, "Come out and play".

"Jiyo Utho Badho Jeeto" was first performed by Rahman at the song release function held at [[Kingdom of Dreams]] in [[Gurugram, Haryana]] on 28 August 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Jiyo--Utho--Badho--Jeeto---/673879|title=Jiyo, Utho, Badho, Jeeto...|date=29 August 2010|work=Indian Express}}</ref> The song was dedicated to [[Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref name="promotion">{{cite news|author= Madhur Tankha|title=Rahman sings the CWG theme song|accessdate=2010-08-17|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/08/17/stories/2010081755412200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820025332/http://www.hindu.com/2010/08/17/stories/2010081755412200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2010-08-20|location=Chennai, India|work= [[The Hindu]]|date=2010-08-17}}</ref>

==Background==
{{2010 Commonwealth Games}}

[[A. R. Rahman]] was chosen to compose the theme song way back in 2009. The [[2010 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] Organising Committee officially signed on Rahman to compose the song in April 2010.<ref name="Deal">{{cite web|author= S. Kannan|title=Rahman gets a big deal for Games song|publisher=India Today|access-date=2010-04-28|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/rahman-gets-a-big-deal-for-games-song-72880-2010-04-27}}</ref> Rahman asked {{INR}} 15 crores as remuneration, a very large sum.<ref name="Deal" /> The Group of Ministers approved the song on 15 August 2010.<ref name="promotion" /> Rahman would also be associated with the promotional events of the sporting event. About the selection of the song as the official anthem, Rahman said, "It’s definitely an honour composing this theme song. I hope people like it and it becomes the spirit of the whole Commonwealth Games."

==Composition==
{{Listen
| filename = Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto.ogg
| format = [[Ogg]]
| title = Jiyo Utho Badho Jeeto
| pos = left
| description = A 41 second sample of Jiyo Utho Badho Jeeto
}}

The song was composed and performed by [[A. R. Rahman]]. It is the second time{{Citation needed|date=February 2014}} Rahman has composed for a sports event, the previous one was in 2008 for [[Champions League Twenty20]]. The lyrics for the song, in Hindi with partly English words, were penned by [[Mehboob Kotwal|Mehboob]], who also penned Rahman's "[[Maa Tujhe Salaam (song)|Maa Tujhe Salaam]]". It took nearly six months for Rahman to complete the song. Rahman, who started the work in April, was still modifying the song on the day before the song release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Theme song released |accessdate=2010-08-29|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/08/29/stories/2010082950640100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901103622/http://www.hindu.com/2010/08/29/stories/2010082950640100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2010-09-01|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2010-08-29}}</ref> Additional arrangements of the song was done by [[Ranjit Barot]], while the chant "Jiyo Utho Badho Jeeto" was by Mehboob Alam.

==Release==
The song release was preceded by a promotional event held at Delhi. Rahman unveiled the title of the song and sang the initial lines, ''Oh Yaron Ye India Bula Liya''. On being asked if it was in the style of "[[Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)]]" (the theme song for [[2010 FIFA World Cup]]) Rahman answered that he was not trying to replicate [[Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)]] and that he wanted to go beyond what already exists.<ref name="Press Conf ">{{cite web|author= Suanshu Khurana|title=Rahman appears at press meet, but Games anthem still a mystery|publisher=Indian Express|accessdate=2010-10-21|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/rahman-appears-at-press-meet-but-games-anthem-still-a-mystery/661121/2}}</ref> Rahman also stated that the song would be out within ten days. At this event, Rahman dedicated the song to [[Mahatma Gandhi]].

The song was officially released on 28 August 2010.<ref name="Launch">{{cite web|author= Lasyapriya Sundaram|title=Rahman's CWG theme song finally released |publisher=IBN Live|accessdate=2010-08-28|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rahmans-cwg-theme-song-finally-released/129800-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111223027/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rahmans-cwg-theme-song-finally-released/129800-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-01-11}}</ref> Organising Committee Chairman [[Suresh Kalmadi]] unveiled the song in the inaugural ''Swagatham'' ceremony held at [[Kingdom of Dreams]] [[Gurgaon]], [[Haryana]].<ref name="Launch" /> The release function was also preceded by speeches by [[Delhi]] Chief Minister [[Sheila Dikshit]] and her [[Haryana]] counterpart [[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]].<ref name="Zee News">{{cite news|author= Zee News|title="Oh yaaro", Rahman launches theme song for Delhi CWG|publisher=Times of India|accessdate=2010-08-28|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/events-tournaments/commonwealth-games/top-stories/Oh-yaaro-Rahman-launches-theme-song-for-Delhi-CWG/articleshow/6453174.cms|date=2010-08-28}}</ref> Rahman performed the song live at this event, which lasted for five minutes.<ref name="Launch2">{{cite web|author= Zee News|title=Oh yaaro….Rahman launches CWG theme song |publisher=Zee News|accessdate=2010-08-29|url=http://www.zeenews.com/news651353.html|date=2010-08-29 }}</ref>

==Reception==

[[File:Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto Rahman Live.jpg|thumb|250px|Rahman performing "Jiyo Utho Badho Jeeto" at its audio release]]
The original version of the song received notably mixed responses, with many listeners and critics claiming to be disappointed, having expected better results from Rahman.<ref name="indiaglitz.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/award/filmfare-award/2010-2/ |title=Rahman's CWG Anthem gets thumbs down from fans and organisers |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=2010-09-01 |accessdate=2011-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Headlines Today Bureau |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/commonwealth-games-2010/story/rahmans-cwg-song-fails-to-impress-gom-81244-2010-08-30 |title=Rahman's CWG song fails to impress GoM : Commonwealth Games 2010: India Today |publisher=Indiatoday.intoday.in |date=2010-08-31 |access-date=2011-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://movies.indiatimes.com/news-gossip/news/AR-Rahmans-theme-track-for-CWG-rejected/articleshow/6472955.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=AR Rahman's CWG song not good enough-News-News & Gossip-Indiatimes Movies | access-date=1 September 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100905024617/http://movies.indiatimes.com/news-gossip/news/AR-Rahmans-theme-track-for-CWG-rejected/articleshow/6472955.cms | archive-date=5 September 2010 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://movies.indiatimes.com/news-gossip/news/AR-Rahmans-losing-his-music-magic/articleshow/6490475.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=AR Rahman's losing his music magic?-News-News & Gossip-Indiatimes Movies | access-date=4 September 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909033952/http://movies.indiatimes.com/news-gossip/news/AR-Rahmans-losing-his-music-magic/articleshow/6490475.cms | archive-date=9 September 2010 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Rahman was openly and downright criticized by the Organising Committee's member, including board executive member [[Vijay Kumar Malhotra]] and former sports minister Shahnawaz Hussain, who quoted that the song was nowhere near "[[Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)|Waka Waka]]", comparing it to [[Shakira]]'s [[2010 FIFA World Cup]] anthem, and that "no one in the Organising Committee likes it except perhaps [[Suresh Kalmadi]]",<ref name="TOI1">{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/news-and-interviews/We-expected-better-from-AR-Rahman-/articleshow/6473977.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804061036/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-02/news-and-interviews/28265245_1_theme-song-ar-rahman-shakira-s-waka-waka | url-status=live | archive-date=2012-08-04 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=We expected better from AR Rahman! | date=2010-09-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/events-tournaments/commonwealth-games/top-stories/Theme-song-for-Games-disappointing-Shahnawaz-Hussain/articleshow/6468412.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=Theme song for Games disappointing: Shahnawaz Hussain | date=2010-08-31}}</ref> whilst noted musicians from the industry also expressed their disappointment.<ref name="TOI1"/><ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/news-and-interviews/Rahmans-become-overconfident/articleshow/6484596.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103085632/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-03/news-and-interviews/28244466_1_theme-song-rahman-jeeyo | url-status=live | archive-date=2012-11-03 | first1=Vinita | last1=Chaturvedi | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Rahman's become overconfident | date=2010-09-03}}</ref> Reports also suggested that the committee had asked Rahman to recompose the song.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/news-and-interviews/Rahman-to-recompose-his-CWG-song/articleshow/6472471.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103071737/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-01/news-and-interviews/28267132_1_theme-song-cwg-song-shakira-s-waka-waka | url-status=live | archive-date=2012-11-03 | first1=Chandrima | last1=Pal | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Rahman to recompose his CWG song? | date=2010-09-01}}</ref> Later in an interview with [[NDTV]], Rahman apologized for the disappointment caused by his anthem, admitting that the track was "not up to the mark". He furthermore added, "I am sorry to have let anybody down; but I'm definitely proud of the composition".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=ENTEN20100156777&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&keyword=music&nid=60116&pfrom=Movies |title=Sorry CWG anthem was a disappointment, says Rahman |publisher=Movies.ndtv.com |accessdate=2011-05-26 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101019025602/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=ENTEN20100156777&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&keyword=music&nid=60116&pfrom=Movies |archivedate=2010-10-19 }}</ref> In a statement published in ''[[Facebook]]'', Rahman thanked all those who gave him extremely positive and encouraging responses when the original song released.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/notes/ar-rahman/cwg-a-hit-triumph-gratitude/111363098926738|title=CWG, a hit - Triumph & Gratitude|website=www.facebook.com}}</ref>

It still managed to set a new record within two hours of its release, mainly due to the high anticipation by fans. In that time-frame it became one of the most searched for songs on the Internet with more than 7,000 downloads.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rahman makes a new record|work=Indiaglitz|accessdate=2010-08-30|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/59716.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100831131320/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/59716.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 August 2010}}</ref>

Following the criticism, a shorter and tweaked version of the song was released along with the video on 23 September. The shorter version, however, was met with positive responses and was cited to be peppier and more apt as a sporting anthem,<ref name="short">{{cite web |author=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |date=2010-09-25 |title=The Return of The CommonWealth Games Theme song! by Milliblog! |url=http://itwofs.com/milliblog/2010/09/25/the-return-of-the-commonwealth-games-theme-song/ |accessdate=2011-05-26 |website=[[ItwoFS]]}}</ref><ref name="short2">{{cite web |author=Entertainment |url=http://entertainment.in.msn.com/bollywood/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4392977 |title=CWG anthem now peppier, shorter, tighter: Prasoon Joshi - Bollywood - Entertainment - News - Articles - MSN India |publisher=Entertainment.in.msn.com |date=2010-09-17 |accessdate=2011-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920184717/http://entertainment.in.msn.com/bollywood/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4392977 |archive-date=20 September 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> hence replacing the original version as the official anthem.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/events-tournaments/commonwealth-games/top-stories/CWG-theme-song-tweaked-to-be-peppier-gets-GoM-nod/articleshow/6567106.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=CWG theme song tweaked, to be peppier; gets GoM nod | date=2010-09-17}}</ref> The music video, directed by [[Bharat Bala]] featured Rahman himself.

==Music video==
A 2.08 minutes long music video was released on 23 September, and was directed and produced by [[Bharat Bala]]. Feroz Khan was the choreographer, Varun Bahl the designer and Vijayta Kumar the stylist. The music video featured [[A. R. Rahman]], [[Milkha Singh]], [[Saina Nehwal]] and [[Samresh Jung]].

==Live performances==
A. R. Rahman performed the track for the first time at the release function of the song on 28 August 2010 at the [[Kingdom of Dreams]] amphitheatre in [[Gurgaon, Haryana]]. Rahman took 5 minutes to sing the song, which was live telecasted on [[NDTV]] and several websites. The performance was preceded by colourful dances, including for the song ''[[Jai Ho (song)|Jai ho]]'' by Rahman. Rahman's rendering was accompanied by dance performances by [[Hussain Kuwajerwala]], Gauhar Khan and Kashmira Irani, on the theme of [[Zangoora The Gypsy Prince|Zangoora - The Gypsy Prince]]. Choreographed by renowned dance director [[Shiamak Dawar]], the performance started with Hussain descending from the top of the stage clasped in an eagle's clutches. Rahman also performed the song live in the opening ceremony of the XIX commonwealth games 2010 New Delhi on 3 October.<ref name="Zee News"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Music maestro AR Rahman launches Delhi 2010's theme song |publisher=CWG Official|accessdate=2010-08-28|url=http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/?q=node/1658|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100831034237/http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/?q=node/1658|url-status=usurped|archive-date=31 August 2010}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:2010 songs]]
[[Category:Songs with music by A. R. Rahman]]
[[Category:Sports events official songs and anthems]]
[[Category:Songs in Hindi]]
[[Category:2010 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Songs with lyrics by Mehboob Kotwal]]

Markandeya (film)

2026-01-10T00:33:41Z

IolaBrookshire: Started basic entry v1...

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Markandeya
| image = Markandeya1935.jpg

| caption =
| director = [[K. Ramnoth]], Murugadasa
| writer =
| starring = Master' V. N. Sundaram Rajapalayam Kuzhandaivelu Bhagavathar K. B. Srinivasan ‘Lady Bhagavathar' M. S. Kanna Bai S. N. Kannamani
| producer = Vel Pictures
| distributor =
| music =
| cinematography = K. Ramnoth
| editing =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1935}}
| runtime =
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
}}

'''''Markandeya''''' is a 1935 [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] film directed by [[K. Ramnoth]] and Murugadasa. The film is based on the mythological story of [[Markandeya]].

During the early years of [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]], [[Filmmaking|filmmakers]] often drew inspiration from mythological and religious stories, creating films that reflected the rich cultural and religious heritage of the country. ''Markandeya'' is one such example, bringing the legendary tale of the [[Markandeya|sage Markandeya]] to the [[silver screen]].

== Plot ==
Mrikandu rishi and his wife Marudmati worshipped Shiva and sought from him the boon of begetting a son. As a result, he was given the choice of either a gifted son, but with a short life on earth or a child of low intelligence but with a long life. Mrikandu rishi chose the former, and was blessed with Markandeya, an exemplary son, destined to die at the age of 16.

Markandeya grew up to be a great devotee of Shiva and on the day of his destined death he continued his worship of Shiva in his aniconic form of Shivalingam. The messengers of Yama, the god of death were unable to take away his life because of his great devotion and continual worship of Shiva. Yama then came in person to take away Markandeya's life, and sprung his noose around the young sage's neck. By accident of fate the noose mistakenly landed around the Shivalingam, and out of it, Shiva emerged in all his fury attacking Yama for his act of aggression. After defeating Yama in battle to the point of death, Shiva then revived him, on the condition that the devout youth would live forever.

== Production ==
The film was produced by Vel Pictures of [[Madras]] owned by [[M. T. Rajen]]. Markandeya was the first Tamil film produced by him. It had a total of 36 songs. The film was shot at Hindu pilgrimage sites of [[Thiruvannamalai]], [[Chidambaram]] and [[Kanchipuram]].

== Cast ==
[[V. N. Sundaram]] (who later became a playback singer) played the title role of Markandeya while Kuzhandaivelu Bhagavathar played the sage Mrikanduand. Kanna Bai played Markandeya's mother. Stage actor Kannamani played the role of a gypsy girl.

== References ==
* {{cite news|title=Blast from the past – Markandeya 1935|first=Randor|last=Guy|author-link=Randor Guy|date=16 June 2012|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-columns/markandeya-1935/article3536326.ece|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130816170456/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-columns/markandeya-1935/article3536326.ece|archive-date=16 August 2013}}

[[Category:1935 films]]
[[Category:1930s Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1935 Indian films]]
[[Category:Hindu mythological films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Ramnoth]]
[[Category:Films based on the Bhagavata Purana]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

{{1930s-Tamil-film-stub}}
{{Hindu-film-stub}}

Thermax

2026-01-06T09:47:40Z

IolaBrookshire: quick update

{{Short description|Indian multinational engineering company}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Thermax
| logo = Thermax logo.svg
| logo_size = 120px
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{plainlist|
*{{BSE|500411}}
*{{NSE|THERMAX}}}}
| ISIN = INE152A01029
| industry = [[Conglomerate (company)|Conglomerate]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|1980}}
| location = [[Pune]], Maharashtra
| location_country = India
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{plainlist|
*Meher Pudumjee ([[Chairperson]])
*Ashish Bhandari ([[Managing director|MD]])}}
| products = Integrated products in the areas of clean air, clean energy, clean water and chemicals.
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|9323|c}} (2024)
| profit = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|206|c}} (2021)
| assets = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|6506|c}} (2021)
| equity = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|3251|c}} (2021)
| num_employees =
| homepage = {{URL|www.thermaxglobal.com}}
}}

'''Thermax Ltd''' is an Indian multinational [[engineering]] conglomerate, involved in [[clean air]], [[clean energy]] and [[clean water]], headquartered in [[Pune]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ghoshal |first1=Sumantra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DzRR9Q8MVoYC&dq=thermax+pune&pg=PA97 |title=Managing Radical Change: What Indian Companies Must Do to Become World-class |last2=Piramal |first2=Gita |last3=Bartlett |first3=Christopher A. |date=2002 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-100022-0 |pages=97}}</ref>

== History ==
Thermax was founded by A. S. Bhathena in 1966 as Wanson India Ltd, manufacturing [[package boiler]]s. The company subsequently began manufacturing equipment related to [[cogeneration]], air pollution control, [[water treatment]] and [[absorption refrigeration]] among others.<ref>{{cite news |title=Thermax Limited |url=https://www.crisil.com/mnt/winshare/Ratings/RatingList/RatingDocs/ThermaxLimited_December%2020_%202024_RR_356311.html |access-date=8 May 2025 |work=CRISIL}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/thermax-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-8165.cms | work=The Times of India | title=Thermax Ltd | access-date=18 February 2011 | archive-date=16 October 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016170613/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/thermax-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-8165.cms | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="test"/>

In 1981, Bhathena was succeeded by his son-in-law Rohinton Aga as chairman. In February 1995, the company went public and listed on the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]]. After Aga's death in 1996, his wife [[Anu Aga]] took over the operations.<ref name="test">{{cite news |last1=Chaliawala |first1=Nehal |title=Thermax's big test: Can its energy transition bets revive investor confidence? |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/thermax-steam-renewable-energy-anu-aga-meher-pudumjee-shareholder-investors-revenue-margins-11745840686686.html |access-date=8 May 2025 |work=Mint |date=28 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2009, it signed a 51–49 joint venture with [[US]] firm [[SPX Corporation]] to provide equipment and services for the Indian power sector.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2009-08-26|title=Thermax-SPX JV to have combined investment of 250 mln|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/thermax-jv-investment-idINBMB00839720090826|access-date=2022-02-15|archive-date=15 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215102451/https://www.reuters.com/article/thermax-jv-investment-idINBMB00839720090826|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="fb">{{Cite news|date=2009-08-26|title=Thermax in JV with U.S. firm SPX|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-41984620090826|access-date=2022-02-15|archive-date=15 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215102447/https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-41984620090826|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2010, it signed a joint venture agreement with [[US]]-based [[Babcock & Wilcox]] to manufacture super-critical boilers for the power sector.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2010-03-10|title=Thermax in JV with Babcock & Wilcox|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/thermax-in-jv-with-babcock-wilcox-110031000146_1.html|access-date=2022-02-15|archive-date=15 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215102447/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/thermax-in-jv-with-babcock-wilcox-110031000146_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of boiler types, by manufacturer]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning companies]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1980]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Pune]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in India]]
[[Category:Engineering companies of India]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1980]]
[[Category:1980 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Jagannatha Dasa (Odia poet)

2025-12-15T04:55:34Z

IolaBrookshire: Content improved for clarity and flow

{{Short description|Odia poet and litterateur}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Jagannatha Dasa
| honorific_prefix = Atibadi
| image = Atibadi Jagannatha Dasa at Bada Odia Matha, Puri.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Ancient idol of Jagannatha Dasa in Puri's Bada Odia Matha, which Jagannatha himself established
| birth_date = 19 October 1490
| birth_place = Kapileswarpur, [[Puri]], India
| death_date =1550
| nationality = Indian
| occupation = Poet, seer
| native_name = ଅତିବଡ଼ି ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ ଦାସ
| embed =
| native_name_lang = or
| language = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| notable_works = Odia ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]''
}}
'''Jagannatha Dasa''' ({{Circa|1490–1550}}), known by the honorific '''''Atibadi''''', meaning "very great" ({{Langx|or|ଅତିବଡ଼ୀ ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ ଦାସ|translit=Atibaḍī Jagannātha Dāsa}}, {{IPA|or|ɔt̪ibɔɽi d͡ʒɔɡɔnnaːt̪ʰɔ d̪aːsɔ|lang|LL-Q33810 (ori)-Prateek Pattanaik-ଅତିବଡ଼ି ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ ଦାସ.wav}}), was a medieval [[Odia literature|Odia poet]] and mystic, best known as the composer of the Odia ''Bhagabata'' (an [[Odia language|Odia-language]] version of the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]''). He was one of the five great poets (along with [[Ananta Dasa]], [[Jasobanta Dasa]], [[Balarama Dasa]] and [[Achyutananda Dasa]]) in Odia literature, known as the ''Panchasakha'' ("five friends").<ref>[http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2009/Jan/engpdf/55-57.pdf The Contemporary Relevance of Sri Jagannath Dasa's Srimad Bhagavata in Oriya]</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.orissadiary.com/personality/poet/JAGANNATHA_DAS.asp|title=ATIBADI JAGANNATHA DAS, POET THE GREAT|work=Orissa Diary|access-date=2014-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628062525/http://orissadiary.com/personality/poet/JAGANNATHA_DAS.asp|archive-date=2014-06-28|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tattvaloka.com/magazine/november-2011/article/atibadi-jagannath-das |title=ATIBADI JAGANNATHA DAS |access-date=2014-04-25 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130630093104/http://www.tattvaloka.com/magazine/november-2011/article/atibadi-jagannath-das |archive-date=2013-06-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://puriwaves.nirmalya.in/saints/atibadi-jagannath-das|title=Atibadi Jagannath Das|work=Nirmalya|date=17 February 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amoodishara.com/2013/10/atibadi-jagannath-das.html|title=ATIBADI JAGANNATH DASA ~ ଆମଓଡିଶାର.com|work=amoodishara.com|access-date=2014-04-25|archive-date=2016-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919141526/http://www.amoodishara.com/2013/10/atibadi-jagannath-das.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Dasa was born in Kapileswarpur Sasana<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohapatra |first=Sarat Chandra |date=1 December 2005 |title=Brahmin Sasan Villages Around Puri |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/dec2005/engpdf/brahmin_sasan_village_around_puri.pdf |access-date=17 April 2025 |website=Brahmin Sasan Villages Around Puri}}</ref> (one of the 16 traditional Sasana villages in [[Puri]]) on [[Radhastami]] in 1490, in an established [[Brahmin]] family of the ''kauśika'' gotra. His mother was Padmabati Debi and his father was Bhagabana Dasa.

His father was a speaker of the ''[[Bhagavata Purana|Bhagabata]]'' in [[Utkala Kingdom|Utkala]]. Pleased with Bhagabana Dasa's elucidation of the Purana, [[Purushottama Deva]], the then reigning king of Utkala,{{citation needed|date= May 2017|reason=[[Purushottama Deva]] says Gajapati Kingdom}} gave him the title "Purana Panda". He trained Jagannatha to follow him as a Purana Panda. Jagannatha Dasa was almost the same age as [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]]. Soon after their chance meeting under the Kalpa Bata tree, a spiritual kinship grew between the two that developed into a warm, lifelong friendship.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} Chaitanya was an avid admirer of Dasa and called him "''Atibadi''."{{Citation needed|date=January 2024|reason=Actively contradicted by other sources, which say Chaitanya gave him the nickname ironically; see the [[Achyutananda Dasa]] article}}

== Literary works ==
Dasa wrote the Odia ''Bhagabata''. It had a great influence in the standardizing of the [[Odia language]]. Its popularity in [[Odisha]] reached to the level of it being worshiped in many homes. The villages in Odisha used to have a small house or room known as the ''bhagabata tungi'', where villagers would gather to listen to recitations of Dasa's ''Bhagabata''. Many of its verses have become [[proverb]]s and are cited by people throughout Odisha.

The work includes 12 [[volume]]s and each volume has 10–30 [[Chapter (books)|chapter]]s. Each chapter has 50 to 300 [[stanza]]s.

The Odia ''Bhagabata'' has been translated into English. The English translation is ''Readings from Bhagabata''.<ref name="Das1996">{{cite book|first=G. N. |last=Das|title=Readings from Bhagabata|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=vFq0MMOvQc0C}}|date=1 January 1996|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-337-3}}</ref>

Jagannath Dasa has also contributed for the Bhavishya Malika as well being one of the Panchsakhas.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian poets]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://orissa.gov.in/oriyaclassics/oriyabhagabat/1.pdf Oriya Bhagabata]

{{Wikisourcelang|or|ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଭାଗବତ|Oriya Bhagabata}}
{{Odissi music}}
{{Jagannath}}
{{Odia literature}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dasa, Jagannatha}}
[[Category:Poets from Odisha]]
[[Category:1550 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Odia-language poets]]
[[Category:Odia people]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:1491 births]]
[[Category:Odissi music composers]]
[[Category:Vaishnava saints]]
[[Category:16th-century Hindu religious leaders]]